THE HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE
 
 The Rev. Timothy Alden. Founder and First President
 
 ALLEGHENY-A CENTURY 
 OF EDUCATION 
 
 1815 1915 
 
 BY 
 
 ERNEST ASHTON SMITH, Ph.D. 
 
 Professor of History, Allegheny College 
 
 MEADVILLE, PA.: 
 THE ALLEGHENY COLLEGE HISTORY COMPANY
 
 Copyright 1916 by 
 Ernest Ashton Smith
 
 
 FOREWORD 
 
 With the approach of the one hundredth anniversary of the 
 founding of Allegheny College, it seemed essential that an 
 account of the experiences of the century should be prepared. 
 The undertaking presented many difficulties. No previous 
 history had ever been written. The Board of Trustees bad 
 long favored the publication of such a detailed work. In 1012 
 it gave official sanction to the author, the professor of history 
 in Allegheny College, to issue the volume and appointed a 
 committee of supervision. 
 
 The story of the college is not confined to the happenings 
 upon a certain limited spot in a growing community of North- 
 western Pennsylvania. Allegheny has been a part of the edu- 
 cational expansion of the nation. Its contributions have been 
 made over a wide area. The institution through the century 
 has stressed character coequally with culture as its goal of 
 instruction. The college in successive generations has been 
 pre-eminently a potency for personality. The biographical 
 element therefore bulks large in the volume. 
 
 The sources from which the book has been prepared are 
 widely scattered. The records of the college in its first era 
 were kept by President Alden with an ideal accuracy and 
 wealth of detail. The minutes of the Board of Trustees vary 
 much in value at different periods. The catalogues of the col 
 lege extend from 1837 on. The files of local newspapers from 
 1815 in the Meadville Public Library gave much assistance. 
 The most important single periodical for the history from 1834 
 to 1880 has been the Pittsburgh Conference Journal, later 
 the Pittsburgh Christian Advocate. 
 
 The annual minutes of the Pittsburgh, the Erie and the 
 East Ohio Conferences of the Methodist Episcopal Church, the 
 reports of the Boards of Trustees and of visiting committees, 
 the Allegheny Magazine, published by Timothy Alden in 
 1817, the reports of the Superintendent of Education for Penn-
 
 sylvania. Hazard's Register of Pennsylvania, tiles of the 
 Campus and Allegheny Literary Monthly have supplied 
 information. 
 
 An authentic, brief account of the college was prepared for 
 the United States Bureau of Education in its Pennsylvania 
 Higher Education number of 1002 by Dr. Charles H. Haskins, 
 now Dean of the Graduate School. Harvard University Other 
 works used in the preparation of this history were Alden's 
 Missions, the Diary of William Bentley, A Western Pioneer by 
 Rev. Alfred Brunson, The History of Methodism in the Erie 
 Conference by Samuel Gregg, History of the Erie Conference 
 by Dr. J. X. Fradenburgh, Life of Bishop Matthew Simpson by 
 George R. ('rooks. Life of Dr. A. B. Hyde by Arthur H. 
 Harrop. Ph.D.. and Life of Martin Ruter by Ernest A. Smith. 
 
 In the first two chapters of the book the sympathetic por- 
 tion of the extensive personal delineation of Timothy Alden is 
 from the facile pen of F. L. LaBounty, '07. who in ihe new 
 Allegheny has had a leading part in reviving an appreciation 
 of the first president. Among other alumni who have aided 
 materially are Miss Edith Rowley. '05. ;ui<l J. S. Robinson, '11, 
 in alumni biographies. Miss Vera Bash. 'OS. in military history, 
 and Miss Alice Chapin, '15, in literary society records. 
 
 Many alumni have been most gracious in personal inter- 
 views and correspondence. The thanks of the author are given 
 To Mr. Frank A. Arter '04, Hon. Harvey Henderson '57, Hon. 
 las. A. Gary '54. Dr. R. X. Stubbs '03, Prof. .1. R. Weaver '03, 
 Dr. R. F. Randolph 'OS. A. G. Richmond '70. (I. W. Loomis '71. 
 Dr. A. ('. Ellis '78, Dr. W. A. Elliott 'SO. E. L. Mat tern '00, 
 A. J. Kckles 'o::. ;iik1 R. W. Darragh, '0:5. 
 
 Much gratitude is due to the editorial staff of the Pitts- 
 I'.rRG Christian Advocate, the library authorities in Pitts- 
 burgh and New York and Mayor .John E. Reynolds of Mead- 
 ville. -Judge .1. J. Henderson of the Board committee has been 
 helpful in counsel. Invaluable aid has constantly been given 
 by ['resident W. II. Crawford, to whom the deepest apprecia- 
 tion is expressed. 
 
 Meadville, Pa., June 10. 1015. E. A. S.
 
 CONTENTS 
 
 CHAPTER I 
 The Vision of a College, .... 1 
 
 CHAPTER II 
 The Mission of the Founder, .... 29 
 
 CHAPTER III 
 The Church Patronage, .... 67 
 
 CHAPTER IV 
 The Endowment Campaign, .... 97 
 
 CHAPTER V 
 Mid Century Prosperity, .... 133 
 
 CHAPTER VI 
 Allegheny in the Civil War, .... 159 
 
 CHAPTER VII 
 The Critical Period, ..... 191 
 
 CHAPTER VIII 
 The New Allegheny, ..... 225 
 
 CHAPTER IX 
 The Literary Societies, ..... 255 
 
 CHAPTER X 
 The Greek Letter Societies, .... 289 
 
 CHAPTER XI 
 The Faculty, ...... 345 
 
 CHAPTER XII 
 Control and Curriculum, .... 393 
 
 CHAPTER XIII 
 Student Life, . . . . . . 419 
 
 CHAPTER XIV 
 Alumni and Former Students, .... 443 
 
 CHAPTER XV 
 The Centennial Celebration, . . . . 541
 
 The Rev. William H. CrawforJ, D.D.. LI..D. 
 President 1893-
 
 DEDICATED 
 
 TO 
 
 WILLIAM H. CRAWFORD, D.D., LL.D. 
 
 IN APPRECIATION OF 
 
 THE MAN WHOSE SERVICES HAVE 
 
 MADE THE EARLY VISION OF 
 
 ALLEGHENY COME TRUE
 
 The Tribune Publishing Company 
 Meadville, Pennsylvania
 
 1 
 
 CHAPTER I 
 
 THE VISION OF A COLLEGE 
 
 HE pioneer has everywhere 
 been an interesting- figure. 
 Under all skies, in all places 
 of his journeyings, he lias had 
 qualities in common with his 
 brothers the world over. The 
 "homeseeker" may well be his 
 title in all tongues. For to 
 seek a home was the guiding 
 thought of the Pilgrim, the Huguenot, the frontiersman and 
 the adventurer of the western plains. And home, when suc- 
 cessfully attained, means a few very simple things. Most of 
 all it means a place for children. Its thought is ever forward, 
 its realized prayer is in the health and happiness of the next 
 generation. 
 
 So one understands something of the vision of the American 
 colonists. They dwelt in thought on a future and a fairer 
 day. "For our children's sake," was the yearning of their 
 life. Their acts and their words were burdened with the idea. 
 Nowhere is it more easily traced than in the testamentary 
 literature that showed so much of care and thought. To 
 draw a good will, nobly phrased, touched with admonition, 
 filled with beneficent utterances, engaged many a man's 
 thoughtful hours. It was the last expression of his interest 
 in those who should come after. 
 
 When the central idea of any people is a solicitude, not for 
 their own comfort, but for the welfare of the coming genera- 
 tions, very definite things will come to pass. Churches and 
 free schools will abound. Foundations will be laid which can 
 come to completion in some future date beyond the spau of 
 the beginner's life. Much as the modern man may be inclined 
 to smile at the frontier zeal for a church and a college, the 
 
 [ 1 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 fact remains, that these two institutions have been the eternal 
 verities of that culture alone enduring and worth while. 
 
 It is true. then, that education and home building have 
 gone hand in hand in every stage of American colonization. 
 The seventeenth and eighteenth centuries saw the establish- 
 ment of the mother colonies on the eastern seaboard. The 
 sacrifices there exampled have been repeated in the foothills of 
 the Alleghenies at the beginning of the nineteenth century. 
 The middle of this century has beheld the same heroism of 
 struggling peoples repeated on the plains of Kansas and Iowa. 
 Even today in remote islands, in continents of alien faith, men 
 strive to set a new ideal of home life; their endeavor inevitably 
 rests upon the establishment of free schools and colleges. 
 
 The seemingly helpless desire of a frontier village in 1815 
 for that beyond its possible power was only characteristic of 
 the time. The union of that desire with the actual coming of 
 the man. who would be able to bring the miracle to pass, will 
 be explained by every observer after his own habit of thought. 
 The realist will see the commonplace relationship of Roger 
 Alden to the scholar of the East, as the only cause for Timothy 
 Alden's coming to build Allegheny College. Another may see 
 in the uniting of a great desire with the vision of an un- 
 paralleled dreamer, the working of something mystic, some- 
 thing above the prosaic concerns of life. To become acquainted 
 with the first century of Allegheny history leaves a profound 
 impression, that somewhere in the years have been enforced 
 strong lessons in democracy, vigorous ideals in scholarship, 
 and a full flow of the humane virtues that constitute the basis 
 of Christian civilization. 
 
 With the close of the eighteenth century began the great 
 exodus into the lands beyond the mountains. Connecticut, 
 after its failure in the Wyoming Valley, urged its pioneers 
 into the Western Reserve. Other sections of New England 
 sent their sons in tin' path of the course of empire. Into 
 Northwestern Pennsylvania moved men from the interior of 
 the State, veterans of the Revolutionary war. Within these 
 borders, south of Lake Erie, two sharply distinct types of 
 people, the Yankee and the I'ennamite, became the settlers. 
 
 r 2 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 The site of Meadville seemed clearly indicated by Providence 
 
 as an ideal location tor an ambitions community. George 
 Washington had traveled the hanks of French ('reek to Ft. Le 
 Boeuf in 1 7.">:> and recorded in his published Diary of 1754, 
 "we passed over much good land since we left Venango, [now 
 Franklin] and through several very extensive and rich mead- 
 ows, one of which, I believe, was nearly four miles in length 
 and considerably wide in some places." 
 
 David Mead, who came first to these rich meadows in 1788, 
 like David of old, was a man after the Maker's own heart, 
 when sturdy pioneering was to be done. The Lords, the 
 Keynoldses, the Randolphs, the Kennedys, the Huidekopers 
 and the Aldens were the sort of stock, that seemed to swing 
 into the same orbit whenever heroic work had to be begun, 
 whenever the ways of the world were to be made better, or 
 the habitations of men set aglow with new idealism and 
 higher visions. 
 
 It was indeed a remarkable set of men who blazed the 
 white man's trail in Northwestern Pennsylvania. It was a 
 mixed people a people whose descendants were to commingle 
 and beget a new type of civilized man, known in all the corners 
 of the earth as the American. It was Dutch, and English, 
 and French, and German, and Scotch, and Irish met together 
 to create unwittingly a race that was neither Anglo-Saxon, nor 
 Celt, nor Frank, yet a race that bore the traits of all these 
 peoples. 
 
 The settlement at Meadville was the oldest in the north- 
 western part of the State, antedating the Presque Isle colony 
 at Erie by two years. The David Mead Survey at the junction 
 of the Cussewago and French Creek was opened for sale on 
 February 20, 1793. In the first year seventeen lots were sold. 
 There were twenty-seven new purchasers in 17!>1. Mr. Mead 
 apparently had a lively ambition for his settlement, for in 
 179o a re-survey and enlargement of boundaries were made 
 with the assistance of Dr. Thomas R. Kennedy and Major 
 Roger Alden. 
 
 The mingling of the races may be detected by the names, 
 showing on the early list of citizens. There were Van Homes, 
 
 [ 3 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 McGuflSns, Duprays, Finneys, Brooks, Bruces, Dicks, Gills, 
 Lords, and Farreleys. The list represents a sturdy people. 
 Some of them were men of cultivation ; all of them were full 
 of courage, and events that followed proved, that there was 
 no dearth of the gentle spirit that marks the gentleman in 
 any station of life. 
 
 Next to personalities, the aggressive policies of the Holland 
 Land Company did most for Meadville. Roger Alden was its 
 first representative from 17!).") to 1805 in the French Creek 
 Valley. Truculent Major Alden! The early annals show his 
 
 name at the head of every 
 good cause. His vigor of 
 mind left its mark in no 
 uncertain way. He was 
 a man who gloried in his 
 past, and it was one of 
 which he might well be 
 proud. He had made an 
 excellent record through- 
 out the Revolution, hav- 
 ing served from Lexing- 
 ton to Yorktown. being 
 Brigade Major to Gen- 
 eral Huntingdon of the 
 Connecticut Line. So it 
 was not strange, that he 
 came to the frontier in 
 the beginning of the new 
 century, full of dash ami courage, impatient of delay, waspish 
 to all opposition. There is a glint of humor in the fact that 
 l<r all his military past, the only wound lie bore was one 
 received during a duel on the banks of French Creek in 1804. 
 Rogei Ahlen's enthusiasm for the development of the new 
 territory, coupled with his zeal for men and institutions, cer- 
 tainly bore fruit in Crawford County, lie planned roads, he 
 built grist mills, ran survey after survey, and led in every 
 good enterprise. It is easily seen why, by 1814-15, the need 
 
 [ -* ] 
 
 '4 ylH.:S **
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 of a college was very real to this sturdy son of New England. 
 A thriving educational institution to grace the new land 
 surely learning and material progress well may go hand in 
 hand. 
 
 The village in its population of scant four hundred souls 
 had an uncommon proportion of gentlemen of liberal culture, 
 compared with other places equally new. Here resided the 
 Presiding .Judge of the Northwestern District, two Associate 
 Justices of Crawford County, the Deputy Attorney General of 
 the district, five lawyers and several representatives of the 
 land companies. The Crawford Messenger, the pioneer news- 
 paper west of the Allegheny river, had issued weekly since 
 1805. Meadville prided itself on its "literati" in these earliest 
 years and there existed a lively community consciousness of 
 intellectual kinship. Economic prosperity was in strong evi- 
 dence. The Northwestern Bank was opened in 1814. Craw- 
 ford far outstripped all its neighbor counties in the number 
 of its people. Meadville was the largest place in all the north- 
 west area. A score of skilled trades was represented in its 
 citizens and it was no mean business center. A village that 
 doubled and trebled its population in a decade was one likely 
 to brew enthusiasm. 
 
 Thus would the idea of a college fall into fertile soil. It 
 carried a subtle appeal to civic pride. To be sure, in such an 
 environment of expansion and forecasting the future, the 
 movement might be inaugurated a little ahead of necessity. 
 Education in those days had not been promoted as it should 
 have been, but an institution of the sort, that Roger Alden and 
 his associates dreamed, meant that there were days of stress 
 ahead, that some hearts would break before the ultimate eud 
 of the vision could be realized. These men who dreamed 
 dreams were dauntless pioneers. Their motive was a patri- 
 otism that refreshes the jaded chronicles of today. 
 
 When the good fathers of Meadville began to speculate as to 
 the larger educational future of their village, there was one of 
 their number confident that he knew an eastern man with all 
 the equipment, that goes to make a first class, pioneering col- 
 lege president. First of all, this possible college head had a 
 
 [ 5 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 noble ancestry, surpassed by none in America. He was heir 
 to the highest traditions in scholarship, then or now boasted 
 in the republic. He was a man, burdened with a passion for 
 making waste places productive. His belief in his country was 
 worthy of the noblest records of his family. Finally, and per- 
 haps not least of all, he had by the grace of his wife's inheri- 
 tance, come into possession of a modest fortune. 
 
 Of course it was Roger Alden who thought the scholar 
 might some day visit Meadville. What followed cleared the 
 redoubtable Major from all charges of nepotism, for the story 
 of the coming of Timothy Alden, a scholar-dreamer of the 
 East, into touch with the frontier hope and ambition of Mead- 
 ville, is one that has taken almost a century to vindicate from 
 1he charge of failure. 
 
 Yet in all the record of these educational beginnings, it may 
 be said that no man in Meadville had aught else than the 
 desire of the patriot, who was engaged in risking his all in 
 one game of pitch and toss. If the westerners encouraged 
 genius to come into their midst, it was but asking genius to 
 play the game in which they had equal or greater risks, and 
 no more skill. If the newcomer staked his small fortune, their 
 purses and their lands were pledge to the same cause. On 
 the part of every participant there was an intense belief in the 
 future of all America. 
 
 So in the fulness of time, Timothy Alden of New York, the 
 cousin of Roger Alden, moved to Meadville in 1815 with the 
 cherished vision of founding a college. He was a native of 
 Yarmouth. Massachusetts. Like his father of the class of 
 17G2. and his grandfather before him, he was graduated from 
 Harvard College. Previous to this graduation, which occurred 
 in 1794, his life was in no way unusual. His birthday was 
 August 28, 1771. His childhood was spent under the tender 
 care of his clergyman father. At the age of eight, he went 
 to make his home with an uncle. Lieutenant Joshua Alden of 
 Rridgewater, who was to make him his heir. 
 
 Just why the arrangement never worked out is not clearly 
 stated, but it may be assumed that young Timothy did not 
 lake kindly to agricultural pursuits. A Latin grammar, it 
 
 [ ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 was reported, was very apt to go with the young fanner into 
 the field, and frequently got in the way of turning the straight- 
 est furrows. The literary taste gained the ascendency, and at 
 the age of sixteen he gave up the claim to his uncle's farm and 
 entered Phillips Academy at Andover to prepare for Harvard. 
 
 The table of descent from Puritan ancestors is shortly 
 told. John Alden and Priscilla Mullins were blessed with 
 eight children. Their second son Joseph married Mary Sim- 
 mons in 1097. To this union three sons were born. The second 
 of these. Joseph, married Hannah Dunham. Their second 
 son. Eleazer, married Martha Shaw in 1720. Their youngest 
 son. Timothy, was the father of the Timothy, the kinsman of 
 Roger Alden, who came to Meadville in 1815, the descendant in 
 the sixth generation of the Pilgrims of Plymouth Rock. 
 
 Timothy Alden, Jr., came of good stock. His father was a 
 remarkable man, attested by his forty-nine years' service as 
 pastor of the Congregational Church at Yarmouth, 1769-1828. 
 On his maternal side, the descent was traced back to John Fox, 
 the martyrologist. The wife of Timothy Alden, Sr., was Sarah, 
 daughter of Rev. Habijah Weld, a Harvard graduate of 172o, 
 whose father Thomas had graduated at Harvard in 1671. The 
 mother of Habijah Weld was the daughter of Rev. John Fox, 
 ;i Harvard graduate of 1698, whose father, the Rev. Jabez 
 Fox, gained his diploma at Cambridge, Mass., in 1665. So 
 Timothy Alden, Jr., traced his Harvard lineage to his great- 
 great-grandfather, who became a Bachelor of Arts within the 
 first quarter century of the college's history. The young 
 student of the nineties gained distinction as a linguist. He 
 excelled in the Oriental languages and pushed his work beyond 
 the regular curriculum. His Commencement oration was in 
 Syriac. It is a tradition that President Willard, knowing not 
 a word of that tongue, called upon the graduate to put his 
 address into plain English, after which it received the official 
 approval. His reputation for thorough scholarship is well 
 substantiated in the carefully preserved note books of his 
 undergraduate days, and in the ambitious curriculum of the 
 college at Meadville. 
 
 Institutions, west of the Alleghenies, can be very generally 
 
 [ 7 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 related to some eastern prototype. Allegheny with no uncer- 
 tainty owes a profound debt to the mother institution that 
 nurtured its Founder so well. Whatever of worth it boasted, 
 and it boasted much, was an inheritance direct from the ideals 
 that arose out of the pious vision of John Harvard and his 
 neighbors. Timothy Alden came to Meadville with many 
 gracious gifts, but no endowment surpassed the splendor of 
 his enthusiasm for his native land. Of all the things Harvard 
 was teaching in those days, nothing outshone the flame of 
 patriotism that she kindled in the hearts of her sons. 
 
 Shortly after graduation in 1794. Timothy Alden married 
 Elizabeth Wormstead. Miss Wormstead came from a family 
 which was known as a doer of deeds. Her father, Captain 
 Robert Wormstead. fought at Bunker Hill at twenty-one; at 
 twenty-two, he was with Col. John Glover's regiment in the 
 memorable crossing of the Delaware. At twenty-eight, he was 
 lost at sea with his ship off the Grand Bank. His maternal 
 grandfather likewise had perished at sea with all his men. The 
 young people spent the early years of their married life at 
 Marblehead, where they shared the home of Mrs. Alden's 
 mother. In these years Mr. Alden conducted an academy. 
 Then came a period of graduate work at Harvard, with other 
 study of theology, before his ordination to the Congregational 
 ministry in 1799. 
 
 The church at Portsmouth, N. H., gave him a call to be 
 the colleague pastor with Rev. Dr. Haven, and his installation 
 followed on November twentieth. The pastorate did not ade 
 quately support the young assistant, who was compelled to 
 eke out his income by teaching a young ladies' school. He 
 held on for six years, in this period preaching two notable 
 sermons that were printed and circulated. One was on the 
 death of Washington, the other on the New Century, entitled 
 "The Glory of America,'' and based on the text of Isaiah 
 NXXY:1. "The desert shall rejoice and blossom as the rose." 
 In the unique Diary of William Bentley of Salem, his faithful 
 friend, there are graphic glimpses of the fortunes of Alden. 
 His comment on the farewell sermon of the junior pastor in 
 December, ISO."), was ''Alden was starved out and dismissed 
 
 [ 8 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 by the consent of both parties." When a few months later Dr. 
 Haven dies at the age of seventy-nine, the Diary observes: 
 -This man was a great imitator of Whitotield, but not with 
 success among good judges. Much is said of the parsimony, 
 which lately occasioned the resignation of his colleague, 
 Timothy Alden." 
 
 Alden continued until 1808 at Portsmouth, teaching an 
 academy for both sexes. In this time he declined calls to the 
 pastorate and also was strongly urged for the chair of Ori- 
 ental Languages in Harvard College. Upon removing to 
 Boston, he conducted a female school and became the Librarian 
 of the Massachusetts Historical Society, preparing a valuable 
 catalogue of its books. Next, at Newark, N. J., on Jan. 2, 1810, 
 he became the head of a boarding school. He also printed the 
 "New Jersey Register and Calender," the first publication of 
 its sort for the state. Our Harvard scholar had long been 
 interested in antiquarian research and was intimately asso- 
 ciated while in Boston with Isaiah Thomas, whom he assisted 
 in the organization of the American Antiquarian Society in 
 1812. 
 
 The bound volume of the catalogues of the Newark Academy 
 which he issued are full of characteristic touches, that show 
 the unworldly and idealistic quality of the man. In one of 
 them, he calls to the attention of the young ladies, that he is 
 contemplating the publication of a "collection of American 
 Epitaphs and Inscriptions," and asks them when they return 
 to the "arms of their friends," to help him by various contribu- 
 tion in this field. Speaking of the religious advantage of 
 pondering on such things, he commends them to a careful con- 
 sideration of Gray's Elegy, and asks that any epitaph, cele- 
 brating the memory of any eminent and useful life, be trans- 
 mitted to him by some safe, private conveyance. 
 
 For all this antiquarian zeal, the autumn of 1S12 saw him 
 on an extensive western trip. Going as far as Cincinnati, he 
 came back after seven weeks, convinced of the great possi- 
 bilities of the western resources. A pamphlet issued upon his 
 return to New York, addressed to the people of the New Eng- 
 
 [ 9 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 land States who contemplated removal to the west, commended 
 in glowing terms the lands of the Holland Purchase in the 
 northwest corner of Pennsylvania, a strip 18 miles south of 
 Lake Erie and 90 miles north of Pittsburgh. There seems no 
 clear evidence that Timothy Alden on this tour visited Mead- 
 ville, but his cousin, the Major, probably arranged that he 
 should be given an agency for the promotion of an eastern 
 migration. The Alden circular set forth easy terms of pur- 
 chase, and served as a letter of introduction for the prospective 
 buyers to the western office. It was a decided penchant of this 
 ingenuous man of books all his life to engage in enterprises 
 similar to this, but of the many business ventures, this one had 
 the supreme consequence, for it bound his interest irrevocably 
 to the town beyond the mountains. 
 
 Two years longer he lived in New York City, opening a 
 school for young ladies and making a catalogue of the library 
 of the New York Historical Society. The entry in the Bentley 
 Diary of Jan. 25, 1814, reads: "Alden here with catalogue; 
 he succeeded better in his first attempt for the Massachusetts 
 Society than in this second. He also brought the project of 
 a settlement at a place to be called Aldenburg, upon the Alle- 
 gheny. !)0 miles from Pittsburgh and about 30 from Presque 
 Isle. He had all the locations and plans with him." In this 
 same year the work which made him a national celebrity as an 
 antiquarian, "A Collection of American Epitaphs," was pub- 
 lished. He moved in influential circles in the city, but the call 
 of the frontier grew more strongly upon him. Literary matters 
 had now progressed, so that once more he was free to seek his 
 educational fortune. 
 
 Upon the death of Mrs. Alden's mother, a comfortable 
 fortune had fallen to the family. With it came relief, for the 
 time, from the necessity of providing for the future. So with 
 the wife, the two daughters entering young womanhood, two 
 stirring lads and a baby girl, the stout hearted visioner was 
 ready to face the wilderness, to enter upon that which by the 
 uncontrollable situation of the time and place was destined to 
 
 [ 1<> 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 make one of the saddest, yet withal, one of the most heroic 
 stories of American pioneering. 
 
 February 15, 1815, saw Timothy Alden and his family set- 
 ting out from New York to devote their lives to the cause of 
 religion, literature, and science. He had fortified himself with 
 the following testimonial from the celebrated Mavor. 
 
 77^?^C &U*^6i^ cdt^yvy fif jkz &t^y 
 
 ^Cvn+^r^t^atmt 
 
 / S - / 
 
 %* &A~** ^C^/ZZc^. litis' U*i~e6*r*iZ5i~~0SMy. 
 
 *s^'-t. *~^, 6r t^^l 6~~^ ^-> 
 far jla/jfouyo-adr?* &? 
 
 From New York to Meadville in 1815 was no easy night's 
 journey. The Alleghenies were in those days something of 
 what was implied by the Indian name The Great War Path. 
 The journey took the travelers south into Virginia, then north 
 
 r 11 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 and west to Pittsburgh. Whence, with keeled boat, they made 
 their toilsome way up the Allegheny and French Creek to the 
 juncture with the Gussewago, where they were at last in tin- 
 haven of the Fort of Mead on April 24. 
 
 Taken From Note of Northwestern Bank 
 
 This transfer of those whom he eherished most from the 
 comforts of such a home as Mrs. Alden had known, to such 
 refinements as Crawford County afforded in that day, sug- 
 gests a contrast that would have been startling to a lesser 
 idealist. The bringing of the family upon the first visit, and 
 the necessary severing of all ties with eastern friends and rela- 
 tives was for Mrs. Alden a risk of tragic possibilities, as \va^ 
 proved before ever a course of bricks Avas to be laid on a college 
 building. Yet the sacrifice is one never to be forgotten by 
 those who have come to sense something of the cost involved in 
 establishing an institution of learning on the frontier. 
 
 It would be pleasant to <;o into the details of the journey by 
 Gonestoga wagon and fiat boat. It might not be amiss to con- 
 jecture the effect of forest and hill upon the minds of the 
 toiling wayfarers. There must have been hours of great loneli- 
 ness, nights of fear; and yet days of great glory, particularly 
 in the river journey. Out of that slow water voyage came the 
 name of the new college. The mountain barrier was skirted, 
 but the river was traversed only by great labor. 
 
 The Allegheny Valley is impressive even today. What it 
 was a century ago with its virgin forests and unmarred banks 
 
 [ 2 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 may be imagined. The new college was to equip men for this 
 great region, watered by the Allegheny. As the land was 
 served by the river, so the children of men should drink at a 
 fountain of learning, bearing the same name. In the notion is 
 a poetry that speaks of a mind acquainted with the gentlest 
 aits; yet a mind that was capable of the intensity of the 
 Hebrew expression and the directness of the Greek. 
 
 The Crawford Wkkkly Messenger of May 13, 1815, con- 
 tains an appeal from Mr. Allien to the "Friends of Justice" to 
 
 assist in the return of a chest of family treasures lost en route. 
 It was the first published announcement of the easterners. 
 One may readily see a symbolism in this first loss it was not 
 the last stroke of ill fortune to fall upon those who had come 
 to risk so much. 
 
 From this time on. Timothy Alden's heart was seen in nearly 
 all public affairs in Meadville. He came in no sense to look 
 over the prospects; he came to make his permanent abode. He 
 was soon the owner of land and cattle. His sheep were lost, 
 his black bondsman ran away. The perplexities of frontier 
 lite came home to him as to one who had taken up arms in 
 earnest against the wilderness. 
 
 On dune 20, 181."). when forests and hills were again clad in 
 green, a number of gentlemen of Meadville came together to 
 consider "the expediency of systematizing a plan for the foun- 
 dation of a Collegiate Institution" in northwestern Pennsyl- 
 vania. They met in the upper room of the old log Court 
 House. The casements were opened to the night breezes, while 
 a flickering candle here and there threw the shadows of the 
 strong men into striking relief upon the rude walls. David 
 Mead was there, towering six feet three and a half inches, an 
 impressive man. Major Roger Allien of course presided it 
 was his right. The affable John Reynolds, Esq., was honored 
 with the secretary's chair. 
 
 On the solid benches, were men like the gentle-hearted Dr. 
 Thomas R. Kennedy, the eloquent and scholarly Patrick Far- 
 relly, the distinguished and urbane Harm -Ian Huidekoper. In 
 their midst, with watchful eye and shaping hand, sat Timothy 
 
 [ 13 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Alden the one of them all, .so full of vision, so impelled by 
 faith, that bv the virtue of his work alone the institution the 
 
 The Log Court House of 1815 
 
 pioneers planned that night has weathered the storms of a 
 century, and bids fair to go on endlessly, fulfilling the mission 
 of its Founder. 
 
 A preamble to the business of the evening, significant and 
 sonorous ;is an educational confession of faith, was first rend 
 and unanimously approved - 
 
 "Be it known to all whom it may concern. That we, whose names 
 are affixed to this instrument, have voluntarily associated ourselves 
 together, for the purpose of establishing a Collegiate Institution. 
 
 The importance of advantages for a classical education, and the 
 want of an institution, where such an education may be obtained in the 
 extensive region watered by the Alleghany river and its numerous con- 
 tributory streams, and destined, in all human probability, to be over- 
 spread, at no great distance of time, with as many inhabitants as any 
 interior section of the United States, of equal magnitude, are a sufficient 
 reason for awakening our attention to this subject. 
 
 The example of our venerable ancestors, who early made provision 
 for the liberal and pious education of their sons; the nature of our 
 
 [ 14 1
 
 HISTORY OP ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 government, the welfare of which depends, in no small degree, under 
 Almighty God, on the prevalence of knowledge, virtue, and religion; 
 the eventful period, in which we live, plainly indicating that the time 
 is nigh at hand, when there will be an unprecedented call for the labours 
 of the heralds of the gospel, afford additional arguments on the expedi- 
 ency of our present undertaking. 
 
 As friends to the best interests of our fellow creatures, and influ- 
 enced, as we trust, by a desire for promoting the glory of God, we will 
 cheerfully exert ourselves to lay the foundation of a seminary, in which 
 a regular course of the liberal arts and sciences shall be duly taught. 
 
 From the patronage we hope to receive, and from a reliance on the 
 smiles of Heaven, we indulge the expectation that our endeavours for 
 the literary and scientifick, moral and religious benefit of the rising and 
 future generations, will not be in vain; and that many young men of 
 genius and piety, in this part of our republick, will soon enjoy the de- 
 sired advantages for acquiring such an education, as will enable them to 
 become an honour to their country and a blessing to the world.'' 
 
 First, the meeting voted to name the seminary * Alleghany, 
 because the great part of the region, for whose benefit it was 
 designed, is watered by the numerous streams, which in the 
 aggregate make the Alleghany river. Next, Meadville was 
 selected as the site of the college, and the Reverend Timothy 
 Alden, lately of New York, named as president and professor 
 of Oriental Languages and of Ecclesiastical History. Rev 
 Robert Johnston of Meadville was to be the vice-president and 
 professor of Logick, Metaphysicks and Ethicks. These two 
 were to instruct the ''Probationers", from among whom those 
 duly qualified were to be admitted to the first Freshman class 
 on .Inly 4th, 1810. 
 
 But the concluding action of this historic gathering in the 
 log Court House was the adoption of an aggressive three-fold 
 program. A committee was appointed to prepare an address 
 to the Legislature of Pennsylvania, praying for the granting of 
 a charter to the college. Subscription books were to be immedi- 
 ately opened by the Treasurer John Reynolds for donations of 
 any kind of property, which would be useful to the institution. 
 Finally, Rev. Mr. Alden, soon to visit the Eastern and Middle 
 States, was requested to solicit gifts towards the founding of 
 the prospective Alleghany. 
 
 * "Alleghany" is the form of spelling used for the college name until 1833. when 
 "Allegheny" was taken 
 
 [ 1~> 1
 
 
 
 
 The Original Subscription List
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 With what fervent liberality and intense local loyally did 
 these associated friends of letters and science pledge their 
 financial support to the now foundation! Meadville, though so 
 small a village, had prided itself on its group of soil' styled 
 literati" and right royally now did it rally to the standard of 
 The leader from the East. The subscription list is a roll of 
 honor where every public spirited man placed his name. 
 
 An early statement of the plans to open the college fol- 
 lowed. In the Crawford Messenger appeared this advertise- 
 ment : 
 
 ALLEGHANY COLLEGE. 
 
 "It has already been announced to the public, that a number of 
 gentlemen of Meadville had associated themselves together for the pur- 
 pose of establishing a college in this town; that the subscribers, elected 
 president and vice-president and professors, are to be sole instructors 
 at the lirst organization of the Institution, and that the first Freshman 
 class is to be admitted on the Fourth of July, 1816. 
 
 We, therefore, give notice to all, who may be disposed to commit 
 their sons to our care for a liberal education, that, the same branches of 
 literature and science are to be taught at this, as in other colleges in 
 the United States; that, the tuition will be six dollars a quarter; and that, 
 boarding in respectable families will be a dollar and seventy-five cents 
 a week, or boarding and washing two dollars a week. 
 
 The requirements for admission as Freshman are an ability to con- 
 strue and parse Tully's Select Orations, Vergil and Greek Testament; 
 to write Latin grammatically, and perform with promptness any ex- 
 amples in common arithmetick; a sufficient testimonial of a blameless 
 life and conversation and a bond for the payment of college dues. 
 
 Probationers designed, when duly qualified to become students in 
 this college, are diligently instructed at the academy in Meadville. There 
 are accommodations for any others at the same institution, who are 
 preparing to enter Alleghany College, or who wish an academic educa- 
 tion only. 
 
 Meadville, July 18. 1815. 
 
 TIMOTHY ALDEN, 
 ROBERT JOHNSTON." 
 
 The response had been so generous and immediate that the 
 
 [ 17 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Treasurer, John Reynolds, was able to report under date of 
 Sept. 4. 1815, That *5,40<> had been subscribed. On the 
 same day the creden- 
 tials were issued to the 
 President-elect by Ma 
 jor Alden, Chairman of 
 the Associators, em- 
 powering him to solicit 
 benefactions in such 
 parts of the United 
 States as may be 
 deemed proper. The 
 document witnessed : 
 
 'We recommend, that 
 vou personally become the 
 organ of communication 
 with the citizens of the 
 United States, and with 
 vour arguments of elo- 
 quence declare the objects 
 of establishing a collegiate 
 institution in this new and 
 delightful country. Hav- 
 ing the utmost confidence 
 in your integrity, and 
 knowing your zeal in the cause of science, morality and religion, the 
 Board has committed to you a most sacred charge. All donations which 
 may be made will be acknowledged with gratitude, and the names of 
 the donors shall be recorded in the tirst pages of the Institution." 
 
 John Reynolds 
 
 This Eastern trip took Timothy Alden to New England 
 and New York. Upon his return he reported March 2, 181(5, 
 to "the Associators for Founding Alleghany College," that he 
 had collected in money .^4(>1 and books to the value of $1(542.2(5. 
 Donations to the "Infant Institution" from 25 cents up to 
 $100, were thankfully acknowledged. The principal towns 
 of the North and East had been visited, the agent religiously 
 carrying out his instructions to present the cause of Alleghany 
 to the people of the United States. The list is headed by a 
 noble name, .John Adams : 
 
 f IS 1
 
 IIISTOKY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGL 
 
 7 t ,. /,. ?//<gJjy ''""'y,./,,;,,,,.,,/*,, .,', ,,,;, 
 
 '//T : 
 
 /<'//>. 
 
 .--?-_. C&ldZ-(/* f 'J* '/J 
 
 J 
 
 
 '/ r/' // c 
 
 ' ***** S.rs/jO Yst/sr/sj scft'/t/ 
 
 . /fw. .'/fitr/ss./S :/7-rs/,/,, ;/vsf r/ f ,/ // /r 
 
 tf<A<:< (.,.,,.',/ f.ssjr/, , /cr _. /j^J 
 
 ,. 'Mpfi^ *#, #,/ , //,^ / rr / Jt // e ^ 
 
 
 frtjafa, A* fyf. ./^ #r+** S/,. yfcfcjj 
 
 Then follow the solid men of Boston, sixty six in number, 
 the Frothinghams, Channings, Lorings, Lowells. Ticknors, 
 ( J reen leaf's, Parkmans ami Thayers. Next come the men of 
 (Cambridge, Charlestown, Dorchester, Marblehead, Plymouth, 
 Salem, Worcester, Bristol and Providence. New York City 
 supplied twenty-nine subscribers. Or. Harris of Columbia 
 College and Dr. Nott of I'nion were donors. Newark. N. J.. 
 Philadelphia, Lancaster. Harrisburg and Pittsburgh swell the 
 
 [ 19 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 list. The book sellers everywhere were contributors. But the 
 best result of this tour was the favor gained of friends, who 
 later were to make princely gifts of books to the college. 
 
 Coincident with the founding of the college had been the 
 plan of Timothy Alden to publish the Alleghany Magazine. 
 After several months of publicity and of the soliciting of sub- 
 scriptions, the first number was issued on July 6, 181G. The 
 announced design of the editor was to bring to the public a 
 great variety of information, relative to the state of religion 
 in all parts of the world, and notices of the present uncommon 
 exertion to spread the gospel. There were to be printed 
 accounts of the attempts for increasing literature and science 
 in our country, particularly in the region, where the periodical 
 would have its principal patrons. Topographical descriptions, 
 biographical and historical sketches and the results of anti- 
 quarian researches were to appear. 
 
 Joined in the enterprise as publisher was Thomas Atkinson, 
 Trustee of Allegheny and founder of the Crawford Messenger, 
 in 1805. The Magazine became at once naturally the organ 
 of the incipient college, and in its monthly pages the measures 
 taken for its promotion and various academic occasions were 
 recorded. After twelve numbers had been edited, concluding 
 in November, 1817, the publication ceased. To this day, the 
 Alleghany Magazine remains the unimpeachable authority on 
 boundaries, events, locations and names of a century ago, the 
 volume recently having been cited as evidence in an important 
 civil action before the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania. 
 
 The committee to secure a charter for Alleghany felt some 
 degree of assurance in the fact, that in the list of Trnstecs-to-be 
 were the three representatives for the Assembly District, com- 
 posed of Erie, Crawford, Warren. Mercer and Venango Coun- 
 ties. Those were Ralph Marlin of Crawford, dames Weston of 
 Erie and Jacob Herrington of Mercer. On Monday. Dec. 18. 
 1815, Major Marlin presented the petition. Number 75, of the 
 session, from sundry inhabitants of the County of Crawford, 
 praying for articles of incorporation, and, also, that the un- 
 drawn tracts of donation lands in the above counties be 
 
 I 20 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 granted in aid of the Institution. This document went to the 
 Committee on Education, whose chairman was J. M. Scott of 
 Philadelphia. Its report was made on Jan. 11, 1810, in House 
 Bill, Number 77, entitled, "An Act Establishing Alleghany Col- 
 lege in the Township of Mead and the County of Crawford." 
 It received one reading and was laid on the table. 
 
 The conditions were peculiarly unfavorable for the success 
 of the project in this year. Governor Simon Snyder in his 
 annual message had noted, that few seminaries, aided by the 
 State, had gone into operation on a liberal scale, largely be- 
 cause of a too general diffusion of the public bounty. He 
 believed, that grants by the Legislature should be more in 
 harmony with the constitutional provision, directing that the 
 arts and sciences be promoted in one or more seminaries of 
 learning. This article on education in the "Instruments of 
 177G and 1790," had resulted in the chartering of Dickinson 
 College in 17S5, Franklin in 1787, Jefferson in 1802 and Wash- 
 ington in 1800. Dickinson early received a grant of 500 and 
 10.000 acres of unimproved lands. There followed by 1800 
 gifts from the State to over $20,000, but the institution was 
 closed from 1815 to 1821. Franklin College had 10,000 acres, 
 but until the institution was formally organized in 18.*)."), it 
 made no use of the land. 
 
 There was lacking in Pennsylvania at this period any con- 
 structive policy as to higher or common school education. It 
 was easy to rally opposition to further grants, especially for 
 a region, so remote from the populous centers. Besides, the 
 northwestern area now gained a signal favor from the Legis- 
 lature in another enterprise. In his message of 1815, the 
 Governor had called for the building of two arsenals, one at 
 Ilarrisburg. the other near Lake Erie. Meadville mustered its 
 friends and secured the prize, but, later, the Senate voted To 
 locate the military post at Allegheny City. Only after much 
 maneuvering did the original decision hold, and on the condi- 
 tion of delaying the completion of the building a year. 
 
 But this rivalry with the military expenditure of the State 
 being out of the way. in the session of 1810. the friends of Alle- 
 
 [ 21 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 gheny promptly renewed the contest for a charter. On Dec. 10. 
 on the motion of Herrington and Marlin, it was ordered that 
 
 The Meadville Arsenal 
 
 an item of unfinished business, relative to the incorporation of 
 the college at Meadville, be referred to the three Assemblymen 
 of the District. On Dec. 12 the bill was reported out and went. 
 as Number 32, before the committee of the whole on Dec. 23. 
 After receiving minor amendments, it was allowed to slumber 
 until Thursday. March 20, when with three sessions in a day, 
 the measure came to its third reading. But section eighteen 
 had been lost, providing for the undrawn donation lands, 
 and section nineteen advanced to eighteen, became the occa- 
 sion of a parliamentary skirmish as to the sum of money to 
 be voted, 83000 and 84000 being rejected. Finally, it was 
 decided to appropriate 82000, to be paid in three equal install- 
 ments. The Senate agreed on March 22. and the Governor 
 signed the Act on Monday. March 24. 1817. 
 
 When the news reached Meadville, keen disappointment 
 arose over the terms. It was felt that the State had not acted 
 in harmony with the generous donations of the citizens. But 
 the optimistic Timothy Alden argued, that since the Common- 
 wealth had taken the infant seminary under its fostering care 
 by granting a charter, even though the initial appropriation 
 was small, "later Legislatures would do everything proper to 
 
 [ 22 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 build up the college, so as to render it a blessing to present 
 and future generations.'' 
 
 The Crawford Messenger of April 1st took hope in the 
 grant of $35,000 for a turnpike from Pittsburgh to Meadville 
 and on to Waterford, noting that this Assembly had been more 
 liberal to projects of public improvements in the western sec- 
 tion than for fifteen years previous. 
 
 The Charter named forty-seven persons as the first Trustees. 
 in addition to the Governor, Chief Justice and Attorney Gen- 
 eral of Pennsylvania as ex-officio members. They were: 
 
 Of the County of Crawford: Roger Alden, William McArthur, Jesse 
 Moore, John Brooks, William Clark, Henry Hurst, Samuel Lord, Samuel 
 Torbett, Ralph Marlin, Patrick Farrelly, Thomas Atkinson, John Rey- 
 nolds, Daniel Bemus, William Foster, Daniel Perkins, Rev. Amos Chase, 
 Rev. Timothy Alden, Rev. Robert Johnson. 
 
 Of the County of Erie: Judah Colt, Rufus S. Reed, John C. Wallace, 
 John Vincent, James Weston, Rev. Johnson Eaton, Rev. Robert Reed. 
 
 Of the County of Venango: David Irvine, William Connelly, Samuel 
 Hays. 
 
 Of the County of Mercer: Alexander Brown, Jacob Herrington, 
 Nathan Patterson. 
 
 Of the County of Butler: Walter Lowry, Rev. John McPherrsin. 
 
 Of the County of Beaver: Robert Moore. 
 
 Of the County of Allegheny: James Ross, Henry Baldwin, Rev. 
 Joseph Stockton. 
 
 Of the County of Westmoreland: Alexander W. Foster. 
 
 Of the County of Dauphin: Rev. George Lochman. 
 
 Of the City of Philadelphia: Callender Irvine, John B. Wallace, 
 Rev. J. J. Janway, D. D. 
 
 Of the State of New Jersey: William Griffith. 
 
 Of the State of Massachusetts: James Winthrop, Rev. Joseph Mc- 
 Kean, LL. D. 
 
 Of the State of Ohio: Simon Perkins, Rev. Joseph Badger. 
 
 In accordance with the sixth section of the incorporation, 
 the first meeting of the Board of Trustees, under the charter, 
 occurred in the Meadville Academy on May 2(5, and the pre- 
 scribed oath was administered to Major Roger Alden. Major 
 Ralph Marlin, Samuel Torbett, Rev. Timothy Alden. Patrick 
 Farrelly, Hon. Henry Baldwin. Judge Jesse Moore, Thomas 
 Atkinson. Henry Hurst, John Brooks, William Foster, Wil- 
 
 [ 23 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 liam McArthur and .John Reynolds. Major Alden acting as 
 temporary chairman, a ballot for officers resulted in the choice 
 of Timothy Alden as President of the Board, John Reynolds, 
 Secretary, and Roger Alden, Treasurer. Another gathering on 
 July Fourth in the Court House carried forward the organiza- 
 tion of the college. Timothy Alden was elected by a unani- 
 mous ballot to be the President of the Faculty of Arts and the 
 Professor of Oriental Languages, Ecclesiastical History and 
 Theology. A course of study was adopted and college regula- 
 tions passed. The minutes of the day describe this action 
 taken as to a seal for Alleghany College : 
 
 cyt^^ci-m. efZ-/<^~^ i^fPfitfA t^rn* cu> ^/. i> >* >>*^Wt x ct* 
 
 <^?v f/x-c- Uy/ c^' /?>-* tS**Ye** /A. 
 
 
 
 S> 
 
 *<. 
 
 J-yy~vf *-sff, /</!? lis ^ /s^tr-i sf 01 r~^f &*.:* t-~ rt 
 /v*^r<Lr?-c <# +?C'Avt~*-f*+if <* <****' -7 /"Art. Ci-fty,, 
 fh <//>i , n^f . ^Vise-si . /* </"<* 
 
 (Taken from trustees' minute book.) 
 
 It \\;is decided to canvass for further subscriptions to the 
 college fund, and to make requisition ;il once for the first third 
 
 [ 24 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 of the State appropriation. The first Wednesday of duly was 
 set for the yearly anniversary commencement date. 
 
 However, the formal Inauguration of President-elect Alden 
 took place on Monday, duly 28, 1817. The exercises opened 
 with an address in Latin to the President by Patrick Farrelly, 
 the classical scholar of the local bar. A reply in Latin came 
 from Mr. Alden, followed by his prayer. Then a choir of 
 singers under the direction of Col. Robert Stockton rendered 
 "sacred musick". The inaugural oration by the President was 
 delivered in Latin, but after a musical selection he again spoke 
 in English in "an address, adapted to the occasion," doubtless 
 more to the edification and understanding of the vast majority 
 of his auditors. 
 
 The young college exercised promptly its authority to grant 
 honorary degrees. It conferred the title of Doctor of Laws on 
 Ebenezer Pemberton of Boston, the former Principal of 
 Phillips Andover, and on Hon. .lames Winthrop of Cambridge, 
 later a distinguished benefactor of Allegheny. The former 
 classmate of President Alden. Rev. Joseph McKean. LL.D., 
 Boyleston Professor of Rhetoric and Oratory in Harvard 
 College, received the degree of Doctor of Divinity, as did also 
 the Rev. Alexander Gunn of the Dutch Reformed Church of 
 New York City. 
 
 A diversion in the Inaugural program came with the intro- 
 duction of a group of the Probationers. These lads of ten 
 years and upwards gave a series of orations and dialogues in 
 Hebrew, Greek, Latin and English. The boys were mostly out 
 of the families of the founders. T. J. Fox Alden. D. M. Farrelly 
 and A. M. White, who often graced the academic platform in 
 the years of subsequent exhibitions. Their instruction had 
 come from Mr. Alden and the first Vice-President of Alle- 
 gheny, Rev. Robert Johnston, who taught in the Meadville 
 Academy. 
 
 Rut the pastor of the Presbyterian Church had left the 
 village before the charter of the college actually arrived. From 
 Oct. ir>, 1811. to April 2. 1817. he had served the congregations 
 
 [ 25 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 jointly of Sugar Creek, 
 Coimeaut Lake and 
 Meadville. The Kev. 
 Mr. .Johnston gained 
 his education in the 
 Jefferson Academy at 
 Canonsburg, where lie 
 was the founder of the 
 rhilo Literary Society. 
 He became an itinerant 
 in the Presbytery of 
 Erie and had his 
 first call from Scrub 
 Grass in 1803. Soon 
 after leaving Crawford 
 County, this early offi- 
 cial of Allegheny be- 
 came a Trustee of .Jef- 
 ferson College, contin- 
 uing for a score of 
 
 years. He also made a Rev. Robert Johnston 
 
 notable record of not missing a session of the Synod for forty 
 years, being a doughty champion of the Old School Theology. 
 
 The financial affairs of the college were the periodic con- 
 cern of the Board of Trustees, whenever a quorum could be 
 secured for the discussions of ways and means. The appro 
 print ion of the Commonwealth, payable in three yearly install- 
 ments, was collected with scrupulous punctuality and depos- 
 ited in the Northwestern Bank to draw interest against the 
 day of its expenditure on permanent improvements. No effort 
 was made :is yet to collect systematically or proportionally 
 tin 1 generous subscriptions that had been pledged the first year. 
 One conscientious President of the Board did pay his three 
 hundred dollars and then resign from the Trustees. 
 
 The feeling of Timothy Alden and his associates was, that 
 the burden rested upon the State of fostering and developing 
 the institution. The Legislature had given legal existence to 
 
 [ 2(1 1
 
 JIISTOKY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 the 'infant seminary" and made it a christening gift of a 
 modest sum. Let it now renew its kindly interest and furnish 
 the adequate support. Each year, beginning in 1817, insistent 
 appeal was made to Harrisburg for aid, the petition asking 
 that the form of the grant be the undrawn donation lots in the 
 Senatorial Distiret of Crawford and adjoining counties. The 
 Commencement anniversary was observed each July with elab- 
 orate exercises. Probationers, Freshmen and learned towns- 
 men taking part in the programs. On March 14, 1818, there 
 was published the formal advertisement of the college, as then 
 dulv organized. 
 
 Alleghany College. 
 
 THIS institution having been duly organised 
 and the subscriber, having been appointed Presi- 
 dent and a Professor of the same, takes this 
 method to inform the public of the terms, on 
 which students, desirous of a liberal education 
 and disposed to become members of it, can be 
 accommodated. 
 
 1. Tuition six dollars a quarter, 
 
 2. Boarding one dollar fifty cents 
 
 a week, or 
 
 3. Boarding, washing, lodging, 
 & tuition at 130 dollars a year, 
 
 Payable quarterly, and no extra charge during the 
 vacations, if any shoidd find it for their conven- 
 ience to spend them in Meadville. 
 
 Probationers are here instructed in Latin, 
 Greek, &c, preparatory to admission into the 
 collegiate classes. 
 
 The Freshman class is, at present, attending to 
 Sallust, Horace, Xenophon's Anabasis, Homer's 
 Iliad, the Hebrew, French and English languages, 
 arithmetic, Holme's Rhetorick, &c. 
 
 TIMOTHY ALDEN. 
 
 [ 27 ]

 
 CHAPTER II 
 
 THE MISSION OF THE FOUNDER 
 
 'HERE is many a community where 
 the passer-by in any generation 
 will unfailingly realize that a 
 great and good man has at some 
 time been a dweller there. Marks 
 of various kinds bear an unvarying 
 testimony. A gentle spirit among 
 the people, a quiet pile of simple 
 masonry "by one sign or another 
 is the vanished presence known." 
 No man can cross the campus of Allegheny College without 
 sensing in the atmosphere of the buildings alone the mind and 
 love of many men. Certainly in the presence of Bentley Hall 
 the soul of an unforgetable builder clamors for recognition 
 from the most careless loiterer. As something of the detail of 
 its story unfolds, admiration grows to marvel, and a reverence 
 that is akin to worship steals irresistibly upon every heart. 
 The first standard bearer on College Hill left his mark. In a 
 score of ways is his presence ineffaceable. There is nothing of 
 pious ineptitude, nor careless phrasing, in the declaration that 
 in Timothy Alden's coining to Meadville in 1815, there was the 
 unfailing guidance of the Master Hand. 
 
 In Alden's circle of eastern friends were many of dis- 
 tinguished fame. His acquaintance at his alma mater, and 
 among her sons was extensive. His interest in antiquarian 
 studies brought him into contact with men of similar mind, 
 who were among the great Americans of the day. The strong- 
 est bond of his life grew out of his love of the Oriental 
 languages. 
 
 William Bentley, the pastor of the East Church in Salem 
 for thirty-six years, was a graduate of Harvard College in 1777. 
 He served there briefly as a tutor in the classics, but his 
 
 [ 29 ]

 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 linguistic taste inclined to the Eastern tongues. He was said 
 to have been the master of twenty-one languages and was em- 
 ployed by the United States to translate the credentials of 
 Arabian and Tunisian ambassadors. He was a man pf un- 
 common powers and tireless industry, an ardent student 
 to his last days. In his diary of eleven volumes, the name 
 of Timothy Alden, Jr., is frequently entered. The young 
 clergyman was repeatedly in the Salem parsonage. The library 
 there was one of wide repute. Its owner received a modest 
 salary, only one thousand dollars, and it was his custom to 
 give a receipt in full, when but eight hundred was paid. Vet 
 he managed to add steadily to his shelves of books and the 
 Salem captains brought him many a rare volume from foreign 
 ports. There were rich selections of the church fathers in 
 Greek and Latin, ancient classics and theological works. 
 
 Bentley maintained an active interest in Harvard, and it 
 was his annual practice to visit in Cambridge at Commence- 
 ment season his intimate friend. Judge Winthrop. With the 
 death of President Willard in 1804, a season of variance arose 
 over the choice of a new executive. The Diary has the entry, 
 May 24, 1806, that John Pickering of Salem and Timothy Alden 
 of Portsmouth are the leading candidates for the chair of Ori- 
 ental Languages in Harvard. But Alden's fortunes were tied 
 up with those of Eliphalet Pearson, the retiring Oriental pro- 
 fessor and a member of the Corporation, who aspired to be- 
 come president of the College. His defeat by Webber, the 
 professor of mathematics, for the place ended the chances of 
 Alden, nor did Pickering accept the chair when ottered him. 
 The disgust put in the Diary of William Bentley is intense 
 and characteristic; under the date of April 1!), 1807, it reads: 
 "The president lately elected is of narrow education. The 
 professor of Divinity has no elocution, the professor of Ori- 
 ental Languages has no Oriental literature. The tutors are 
 youths; the college is in deep distress." 
 
 The Salem pastor was an intense Democrat, a strong fol 
 lower of Jefferson and Madison. His politics served thus to 
 intensify the strained relations with the Federal partisans of 
 
 [ 31 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 his alma mater. He was offered the presidency of the Uni- 
 versity of Virginia by Jefferson, but declined to leave his East 
 Church. He was writing voluminously all the years, for the 
 newspapers, criticisms of books, and preparing historical ma- 
 terials. His public spirit led him into notable civic activities. 
 His devotion to the Masonic fraternity was made conspicuous 
 on many occasions. 
 
 Dr. Bentley, having known Timothy Alden's plans in 1815, 
 was kept informed of the progress of the institution. When 
 Dr. Joseph McKean, a Harvard professor and classmate of 
 Alden, one of the original Trustees, died in 1818, William 
 Bentley of Salem was elected to take his place on the Alle- 
 ghany Board. The trust was gladly accepted, as the letter of 
 May 28, 1819, indicates: 
 
 "Reverend Sir: I received yours of the past month, convinced of 
 the high honor done in recording my name among the friends of your 
 rising institution, and as successor of my worthy friend and pupil, Dr. 
 McKean, dear to me by his talent and virtues, as well as domestic obli- 
 gations and place of birth. We love to keep our first afriivties and 
 friendships as the basis of our hopes, in whatever forms our names or 
 talents may be employed. When you write with enthusiasm for your 
 college, it pleases me to find that you haven't forgotten Cambridge. It 
 is yet the best thing in our country. In no way should Pennsylvania 
 suffer itself to be excelled. We began before it in Massachusetts, but 
 we were taught civil liberty from it. We were taught justice to the 
 Indians by it, and we never knew religious liberty until it instructed us 
 to get it. Our colleges will be all new, and you will be early enough 
 for your best hopes. Your college has a good location, for the new 
 settlements encircle it. 
 
 In regard to books, which we consider as our tools, we are more 
 willing to bequeath them than to miss or want them. Mr. Jefferson, 
 who repeatedly has assisted a learned friend through me, in the last 
 notice of his inability to serve, observes that he had given up his 
 library, and the service was not as formerly in his power. I have mad^ 
 a record of my good intentions, but I shall not decline a visit from you 
 and shall reward it with such things as you may point out as immedi- 
 ately useful to you. 
 
 You see how we are in New England. The U. S. Judiciary has im- 
 prudently disturbed New Hampshire. In Massachusetts, Williamstown 
 College threatens to be like a county trader, in perpetual motion; a new 
 college is proposed in Northampton. 
 
 With every sentiment of esteem and affection, 
 
 Your devoted servant, William Bentley."
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Scarcely a half year passed, when the new Trustee was 
 stricken in sudden death. But the pledge of books in his 
 letter of acceptance had been loyally redeemed. The generous 
 bequest in his will gave Alleghany, which until then was 
 merely a name, and even without fixed local habitation, at 
 once a national fame. These precious volumes at Salem were 
 not unknown to the authori- 
 ties at Cambridge. Some 
 friends of the East Church 
 pastor had felt for a long time 
 that this son of Harvard richly 
 merited the honorary degree 
 of Doctor of Divinity at its 
 hands. President John Adams, 
 because of Bentley's vast liter- 
 ary labors, saluted him play- 
 fully in his letters, as "Doctor 
 of Physics, of Philosophy, of 
 Laws, and D-D." The tardy 
 recognition of his alma mater 
 came Sept. 25, 1819, but it was 
 on May S, 181!), after the re- 
 quest of Alden and the notifi- 
 cation of the Trustees' action 
 at Meadville, April 7, had been received, that the momentous 
 will of William Bentley was drawn: 
 
 "I make my last will and I give my nephew, AY. B. Fowle, 
 one thousand dollars. 
 
 I give all my German books. New England printed books, 
 manuscripts and cabinet, with my paintings and engravings, 
 to the American Antiquarian Society. 
 
 I give all my classical and theological books, dictionaries, 
 lexicons and Bibles to the College at Meadville, Pennsyl- 
 vania." 
 
 The loss of the valuable library to New England sat with 
 ill grace in Salem and elsewhere. The absurd legend gained 
 currency, repeated in Day's "Historical Collections of Penn- 
 
 [ 33 ] 
 
 Dr. Bentley
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 sylvauia" and the editing of "The Diary of William Bentley,"' 
 that Alleghany had its gift in exchange for granting an honor- 
 ary degree. Isaiah Thomas, of the Antiquarian Society, went 
 from Worcester to accept the Bentley bequest to the college, 
 and was so inspired, that on Feb. 3, 1820, he also made a dona- 
 lion to Alleghany of five hundred well selected volumes. In 
 Meadville. the official minute was solemnly indited, that while 
 the Hoard regretted the loss sustained by itself, by the country 
 and by the Republic of Letters, in the death of its learned 
 associate, it should be its aim to cherish a grateful recollec- 
 tion of his generous legacy and to transmit his name to post- 
 erity as the most liberal benefactor of the rising seminary. 
 A testimonial more enduring than printed resolution was 
 devised at the annual meeting of the Trustees, April 10. ISL'O. 
 The prospective coming of a library spurred on to very definite 
 plans to realize a long cherished purpose. A site for the col- 
 lege must be secured and a plan for the first building be pro- 
 vided. Unanimously, the name of the Hall must be Bentley. 
 A liberal citizen promptly provided a campus for Allegheny. 
 Samuel Lord. Esq., a settler in 17!K>, and a charter Trustee of 
 the college, furnished from his lands, north of the village, a 
 most appropriate site. The form of the gift ran as follows: 
 
 "Meadville, June 16, 1820. 
 To the President and Trustees: 
 
 1 pledge myself, my heirs and assigns to make to the Institution a 
 fee simple deed of live acres of land, patented to Samuel Lord, Jr., 
 according to the plan of outlots, laid out by me, adjoining the tract of 
 Meadville, which live acres is marked on said plan by its Number 
 Twenty, and has been selected by the committee of your Board to lix 
 an eligible site, thereon to erect a building for the College, and I also 
 pledge myself to grant the same to the Institution free of all expenses 
 
 whatever. 
 
 Samuel Lord. 
 
 The gift was greatly appreciated, and .Major General Alden 
 was directed to purchase a Canton crepe dress for Mrs. Lord 
 at an outlay of fifteen dollars. Samuel Lord also tendered 
 the free use of his brick yard for the next nine months to sup- 
 ply the material for the east wing of Bentley Hall. It was 
 curiously thought this portion of the building might be
 
 HISTORY or ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 elected by a meaner outlay of two thousand dollars. Subscrip- 
 tions were solicited at home and abroad. Even (lie Salem con- 
 gregation was approached through the agency of Isaiah 
 Thomas in the rash expectancy, that it would aid in erecting 
 a memorial in the West to its late pastor. The call fell on 
 exceedingly deal' ears, but the nephew of l>r. Bent ley and the 
 executor of liis will wrote to Timothy Alden. that "I hope, 
 the unprejudiced posterity of New England will envy yon 
 this monument to one, of whom their fathers were not worthy." 
 
 The preparations for the laying of the corner stone on 
 Wednesday, -Inly 5th, went forward rapidly. The event at- 
 tracted a great company and 
 all the community did honor 
 to the Founder, beginning 
 the building of a visible col- 
 lege. The summer sun had 
 no terrors for the procession, 
 that formed on the Diamond 
 and began to move at three 
 o'clock from the front of the 
 log Court House, by Me- 
 chanics' Row and Water 
 Street, past the residence of 
 Samuel Lord, along where 
 the Terrace now is, and 
 through the fields to the hill 
 side. The order of procession 
 "was most imposing. The 
 "Meadville Bines" led. under 
 the command of Captain 
 Long. Male pupils of the Samuel Lord. Esq. 
 
 Academy and private schools followed; then there were citi- 
 zens, a band of music, and a choir of singers, led by Robert 
 Temple. 
 
 The students of Alleghany College marched with a sprig of 
 laurel in their hats. Next came officials of the County of 
 Crawford, magistrates of the Commonwealth, officers of the 
 
 [ K 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 U. S. Government and strangers of distinction. Then most 
 loyally moved the young misses of the Academy and many 
 ladies of Meadville. Next were clergymen and elders of 
 churches, benefactors of Alleghany and the Trustees with 
 their president. Major General Roger Alden. The Knights 
 Templar and the Western Star Masonic Chapter, in their ap 
 propriate regalia, preceded the hero of the day. Rev. Timothy 
 Alden was supported on his right by Judge Jesse Moore, of the 
 Northwestern District, and on his left by Hugh Brawley, Esq., 
 high sheriff of Crawford. An elaborate account of the cere- 
 mony was officially written for the Messenger as follows: 
 
 "When the procession began to move, the 148th Psalm was sung 
 in the tune of Newburgh. The band then performed till Capt. Long's 
 company, approaching from the west, came within four rods of the 
 northeastern corner of the site for Bentley Hall, where due preparations 
 had been made for laying the corner stone, when the whole procession 
 stopped, opening to the right and left. The marshals passed down to 
 the rear, which with the successive divisions fell in and, following them, 
 moved to the place of the great floral arch. Flowers of various kinds, 
 brought by the ladies and children, were strewed along the path, as 
 the rear approached. 
 
 "Arrived at the corner stone, the President of the College addressed 
 the throne of grace. Samuel Lord, Esq., presented to the President of 
 the Board of Trustees a deed, conveying live acres of land, bounded 
 for twenty rods on the western side of the Susquehanna and Water- 
 ford Turnpike, to the President and Trustees of Alleghany College, for 
 the location of the buildings of the institution, which was publicly read 
 by George Seldin, Esq., one of the marshals of the day. The Ode on 
 Science was sung. The President of the College was appointed W. M. 
 of Western Star Lodge, protempore, and was invested accordingly. He 
 then proceeded, with the kind aid of the officers, brethren, and com- 
 panions of the two fraternities, to the ceremony of laying the corner 
 stone, which was done to the satisfaction of the craft and the numerous 
 attendants. He sprinkled it with corn and wine and oil, according to 
 ancient usage, and pronounced it "well laid and sure." He closed this 
 ceremony by kneeling down with the Senior and Junior Wardens at the 
 corner stone and supplicating the blessings of heaven on the work 
 undertaken, and on the benefactors, officers, intructors, and alumni 
 of the institution, of the present and all succeeding generations and on 
 the assembly convened. 
 
 The President then resigned his temporary appointment, returned 
 his regalia to .Mr. Barlow, W. M. of W. S. Lodge, ascended the corner 
 
 [ : '> <; 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 stone, and made an address. In doing this, he read an extract from the 
 last letter he received from the late Rev. William Bentley, D.D., in which 
 he passes a high encomium on the people and the State of Pennsylvania; 
 and an extract from a letter, he had recently received from Wm. Bentley 
 Fowle, Esq., of Boston, expressing his high sense of the honor con- 
 ferred on the name of his late distinguished relative, by the govern- 
 ment of Alleghany College, in naming its first public edifice Bentley 
 Hall. An account was given of the Bentley legacy, estimated at some- 
 thing more than three thousand dollars, and of the donation of Isaiah 
 Thomas, LL. D., President of the American Antiquarian Society, amount- 
 ing to seven hundred and fifty dollars. Some remarks were made on 
 the beauty of the surrounding scenery; the flourishing village at the 
 foot of this intended Hill of Science; the mountains round about like 
 Jerusalem; French creek, the In-nun-gach of the Senecas, upon the 
 bosom of which Washington once was borne, meandering through the 
 extensive and fertile meadows, which stretch to the south; and the 
 Cussewago, rolling in silence from the west. It was stated that a more 
 eligible site for the college could not have been found." 
 
 Under the corner stone had been deposited a piece of Ply- 
 mouth Rock, marble from Dido's Temple in Carthage, mortar 
 from the Tomb of Vergil, a portion of brick from the Tower 
 of Babel, parchment rolls with names of Trustees and bene- 
 factors of Alleghany, and the list of members of the Masonic 
 Lodge. There was also a silver plate, 6x4, with an inscrip- 
 tion in Latin, giving dates, officials of nation, state and col- 
 lege, and a recital of the incident. The stone bears these 
 words : 
 
 TIMOTHEU S A LDE X 
 
 Traces. I'ri. Coll. All. Lap. Angu. Hnj. 
 
 Anhe Bentliensis 
 
 posnit 5 Jul. 1820 
 
 But the exercises of the day were not yet concluded, for 
 the fourth anniversary commencement had to be observed. 
 The program was somewhat curtailed, but members of the 
 Junior Class spoke Hebrew, Creek. Latin and German ora- 
 tions. David Derickson, in an English address on the events 
 of the day, praised the generosity of Bentley, Thomas and 
 others. A final word of appreciation was given by the Founder 
 to the marshals, to the Lodge and all who had helped to make 
 
 [ 37 ]
 
 HISTORY OP ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 the occasion a success. The Seventy -eighth Psalm was sung 
 to the tune of Mear, and the benediction given. Then, the 
 Meadville Blues led the proud and happy citizens hack to their 
 homes in the valley. 
 
 Around Bentley Hall, the statliest of the college group. 
 clusters the best traditions of the Institution. Its erection at 
 this period insured the stability of the venture into education, 
 as no other act could. Come whatever misfortune to tin 1 
 Founder and his fellow citizens, the enterprise was secure by 
 the very fact, that in order to house the two libraries and pay 
 homage to the memory of Dr. Bentley, there was erected a 
 building of such chaste, classic beauty, that after a century 
 of growth the college boasts nothing more distinguished. As 
 long as Bentley Hall stood, whether occupied with students, 
 or locked and barred, as in the period of 1831-33, it was a 
 challenge to the community, an accomplishment that com- 
 pelled continuation. 
 
 For its perfect colonial type, the college has to thank the 
 
 rounder. He specified every column, every capital, each slope 
 of roof, each towering chimney. The plans were probably the 
 fruitage of years of loving study. That the thorough comple- 
 tion did not take place until late in Mr. Alden's term, or in 
 the years following, can in no sense detract from the insight. 
 
 I 8 I
 
 HISTOKY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 tli;it planned it ;ill before the brick and mortar were a possi- 
 bility, and before the necessary money for the labor was as- 
 sured. 
 
 In State architecture, it is second only to Independence 
 Hall in Philadelphia. In National architecture, it might stand 
 beside historic Faneuil in Boston, or the famous homestead at 
 .Mount Vernon. It is. of course, surpassed in size ami costli- 
 ness, bnt in the subtle symmetry of perfect art, in the pleasant 
 harmony of ornament and line, one would travel far to find its 
 equal. 
 
 It was a long and painful story, the creation of this house 
 that was to do honor to the first great benefactor of the col- 
 lege. Built into it was much of the tragedy of the life of 
 Timothy Alden. While workmen were making ready for the 
 laying of the corner stone, the beautiful Elizabeth Shepard 
 Alden, broken by the rude life of the frontier, weakened by the 
 separation from all that was so dear in the East, died after a 
 painful illness. While its walls stood unfinished in the 
 Twenties, its lonely architect saw many another fond hope 
 crumble. 
 
 The tirsl inquiry looked toward a structure of stone. A 
 quarry was opened in the ravine a few yards to the east of the 
 site. An advertisement in Hie local paper of August called 
 for bids, and a contract was entered with John Petrie on Dec. 
 11. 1820, to lay the foundation at Z.V2y 2 a perch. After 
 ground was broken, the size of the original plan was increased 
 in length and breadth, until the present dimensions of one 
 hundred and twenty by forty-four feet were reached. The 
 earliest drawings of the building, however, were rigidly fol- 
 lowed. The central portion, sixty feet in width and three 
 stories in height, was to be flanked with two wings of thirty 
 feet, standing back of the main line eight feet and fronted by 
 heavy columns. 
 
 The work of excavation and of the masons did not get under 
 way until spring, then the Trustees decided that the super- 
 structure should be of brick After another advertisement, the 
 firm of Graworz and Lapsely, of Erie, was favored for the 
 
 r an i
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 construction of the outside walls, partitions, floors and roof, 
 their bid being $8450. Walls of eighteen inches were specified 
 and the minute details of the building were entered into the 
 lengthy contract. After operations began, late in 1822, the 
 erection went forward with fair progress for a year. Then the 
 firm fell into controversy with the Board and left in November 
 with their work incomplete. 
 
 When a suit was entered by the vigilant lawyers of the 
 Trustees, an arbitration was arranged and the Erie partners 
 required to refund $1033 of the monies paid them. After the 
 scaffolding had stood about the abandoned structure through 
 the winter of 1823-4, the Board completed the roofing and 
 protected the interior from the weather. A contract was made 
 with Harm Jan Huidekoper to furnish glass and paint, the 
 Trustees hiring occasional workmen to finish minor portions 
 of the inside of the east wing. The crying need, as it had 
 been for years, was the funds to bring Bentley Hall to the 
 perfection that was so devotedly desired. 
 
 In the memorial to the Pennsylvania Assembly in Decem- 
 ber, 1820, the Trustees reinforced their appeal for an appro- 
 priation by citing the generosity of citizens of other States 
 to Alleghany. The gifts of Bentley and Thomas were said to 
 form a library much more valuable than that possessed by 
 Dartmouth College, thirty years after its establishment, 
 though it was patronized by the King of England and many 
 of the nobility. The Senate, through its committee on edu- 
 cation, sent out a questionnaire to the college which Timothy 
 Alden knew how to answer to the highest advantage of his 
 institution. The college had an influential Trustee, Gen. 
 Henry Hurst, in the Senate. When the bill to allow Jefferson 
 and Washington Colleges each $5000 was pending, he was able 
 to have Alleghany added to the favored list, by a vote of 24 to 
 5, on Feb. 7. 
 
 Patrick Farrelly, another prominent Trustee, sat in the 
 House, and that body concurred in the gift to Alleghany. The 
 liberal provisions of this act began in 1820, so a portion was 
 at once available, and thereafter, one thousand yearly. This 
 
 [ 40 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 timely aid made possible the start on the walls of Kent ley 
 Hall. But the Hoard did not abandon its program of sending 
 annual requests to the legislators. The plea of December, 
 1821, was, that since the foundation had been laid, larger sums 
 
 Isaiah Thomas, LL.D., from a painting- presented to the College 
 
 were required at earlier dates to complete the superstructure. 
 The bill, introduced into the House by James Cochrane, of 
 Crawford, provided, that the >f4000 previously voted be paid in 
 two successive yearly installments, and that the undrawn do- 
 nation lands in the Senatorial district be given to Alleghany 
 
 [ 41 1
 
 HISTOKY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 College. The opposition to the measure kept it from a third 
 reading. 
 
 After another year had passed, the Board boldly enlarged 
 its demands upon the Commonwealth. It wanted $5000 to 
 carry forward the work on Bentley, $-0,000 to establish pro- 
 fessorships, and certain donation lands in Crawford County. 
 The people of Meadville were shown to be worthy of assistance, 
 because of their large efforts at self help, having subscribed 
 many thousand dollars to the college, the turnpike ami the 
 public county buildings, besides having built a brick meeting 
 house by an association of the citizens. The Hoard had been 
 possibly encouraged to its action by the educational report of 
 (he Senate of March 1st, 1S122, which accorded high praise to 
 Alleghany, as compared with other State colleges. It said, 
 'More had been accomplished in Meadville, than the most san- 
 guine expectations had conceived. It has ardent and perse- 
 vering friends and the gifts to it show that its interests have 
 struck a deep root in the public mind." Hut no arguments 
 could move the obdurate legislators of both Houses, and the 
 purse strings were not loosed, as long as a portion of the grant 
 of 1821 remained to be doled out. 
 
 The impassioned support by Col. dames Cochrane of the 
 bill to appropriate certain lands in Crawford County to the 
 relief of the college may account for the raising of some cap- 
 tious opposition. The act. however, passed the House and 
 failed in the Senate. lie thus spoke: 
 
 "Relief would come like a powerful auxiliary to a half vanquished, 
 but meritorious army. The enterprise of the West has ridden tri- 
 umphant over every opposition. An enthusiastic ambition has enabled 
 our fathers to meet and conquer difficulties, from which even Hope 
 shrunk with horror and Courage stood aghast. If departed spirits had 
 ought to do with mortals here below, then might the soul of a Bentley 
 or the heaven-inspired mind of a Winthrop descend to the floor of this 
 legislative hall and open the minds of the members to the same liber- 
 ality, which these eastern men extended toward the infant Institution. 
 The generosity of their dying moments will be long remembered by 
 the people of Western Pennsylvania, and the effect of their donations 
 to our little seminary will be enjoyed, when their ashes shall cease to 
 exist in the tombs of their fathers." 
 
 I t-J I
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 The memorial of 1*2:5 to the Legislature took another tack; 
 it asked for a loan of $5000 for ten years. .But still the college 
 knocked in vain. The petitions of the Hoard thereafter had a 
 note of grave fear. There were pressing debts of $2500 to the 
 workmen, and the possibility of legal action against Bentley 
 Jlall and the precious library had to be faced. It seemed as if 
 a real conspiracy had been formed in the General Assembly 
 against Alleghany, since in the session of 1825-6, separate 
 bills, introduced in each House for the aid of the college, 
 failed by the narrow margin of one vote. The subscriptions 
 made in the flush times of 1815 had not been met at the crisis 
 of building. The first call for payment, in 1821, was based on 
 ten per cent of the pledge. Then twenty-five per cent was 
 asked. An official estimate was made in 1820, that one-third 
 of the total could not be collected. Of the one-thousand -dollar 
 subscription of Wallace and Griffith, Wallace paid five hun- 
 dred. A Aery prominent "associator" had his figure reduced 
 by the Hoard from five hundred to one hundred fifty dollars 
 Several amounts were entirely remitted. 
 
 Slowly as Bentley Hall was made available to house the 
 college, in the matter of that other prime essential, a library, 
 Alleghany in a single bound advanced from its already notable 
 wealth of books in 1S20 to a position of national pre-eminence, 
 by an astounding and unprecedented bequest made public 
 Oct. .'!. 1821. The Boston Patriot announced, that "the Hon. 
 lames Winthrop, lately deceased in Cambridge, had devised 
 his library, one of the best private libraries in tin 1 Union, to 
 Alleghany College. This college beyond the mountains stands 
 a fair chance of possessing the best collection of books of any 
 seminary in the nation." 
 
 lames Winthrop, though an older man. was another of the 
 choice friends of Timothy Alden and the familiar of William 
 Bentley. lie was a descendant of t lit 1 famed first governor and 
 the grandson of the chief justice of Massachusetts. His father, 
 John Winthrop, was professor of mathematics and natural 
 philosophy in Harvard College from 17.*>8-70, being the founder 
 of the science of seismology. James was born in Cambridge 
 in 1752 and graduated at Harvard in 17(i ( .. Fighting as a 
 
 [ 4:i ]
 
 Judge Winthrop. from a painting owned by the College
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 patriot, he was wounded at Bunker Hill. From 1772 to 1787, 
 he held the position of librarian in Harvard. Then he became 
 Judge of the Court of Common Pleas. He also served as 
 Begister of Probate, just as his father before him had been 
 Judge of the Probate Court. Judge James Winthrop was one 
 of the charter Trustees of Alleghany in 1817 and in the first 
 anniversary commencement, that year, the honorary degree of 
 Doctor of Laws was conferred upon him. 
 
 The following letter is indicative of his deep interest in the 
 enterprise of his fellow alumnus: 
 
 Cambridge, 19 Sept., 1817. 
 Rev. Sir: 
 
 I was in season honored by your polite letter of 28th July, inform- 
 ing me of the act of your University, which conferred on me the 
 Degree of Doctor of Laws. It will be readily conceived, without any 
 taking pains otherwise to convince you of it, that so great an honor 
 was very gratifying to me; and the idea of having my name inserted 
 in the Catalogue of their Worthies, and of their Trustees, together 
 with that of my much esteemed friend, the Reverend Dr. McKean, by 
 another Friend, whom 1 have always esteemed for his merit, and now 
 still more for his work's sake, has taken fast hold of my heart. You 
 have planted the laurel on the heights of Alleghany, and my prayers 
 are not wanting that you may soon have the pleasure of seeing the 
 wilderness blossom as the rose and of contemplating with joy the work 
 of your own hand. 
 
 With incessant desires for the prosperity of your University, and for 
 all personal engagements to you, 1 have the honor to be, Rev. Sir, 
 
 Your most obedient servant, 
 Rev. President Alden. James Winthrop. 
 
 The Diary of Win. Bentley affords a minute, almost prying 
 record of the steady growth of the Winthrop collection. In- 
 stead of attending the graduation exercises of Harvard each 
 August, the pilgrimage of the Salem pastor to Cambridge 
 ended in the library of his friend. He notes the addition of 
 the original French Encyclopedia of Diderot, the purchase of 
 the books of Dr. Mayhew and the coming of many other treas- 
 ures during the successive years. The housing of the library 
 was especially attractive to Dr. Bentley and he alludes fre- 
 quently to the elaborate alcoves for the volumes in the home 
 of Judge Winthrop, the plan being the one used as Librarian 
 
 [ ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 of Harvard. There were many keen discussions in These 
 scholarly precincts, the comrades descanting upon Their 
 philosophies of life. How intensely The busy man from Salem 
 enjoyed The retreat of a day! The Diary whispers his delight; 
 "a lovely circle of friends gave me great pleasure." 
 
 The first modest valuation placed upon The Winlhrop be- 
 quest To Alleghany was six thousand dollars. Later, a fairer 
 estimate was said To be Ten. Many of The hooks were The work 
 of The best English and Continental presses, with here and 
 there The rare and famous handicraft of the Elzevirs. The 
 last will and testament of Judge Winthrop was made June 
 1*4. ISIS, antedating That of Dr. Bentley by a year. The instru- 
 ment is highly characteristic: 
 
 I, James Winthrop of Cambridge, being in my usual state of health 
 and advanced to that time of life, at which it has pleased God to call 
 most of my ancestors out of the world, do. with a view to reward 
 some virtuous attachments, of which I have received the benefit, make 
 this my last will and testament. 
 
 1 desire to express my thanks to the Author of my being for having 
 tilled up my measure of time hitherto by a course of innocent enjoy- 
 ments and for the good measure of health afforded me; and when I 
 quit this life, I trust that my faith in the Christian system will sustain 
 me. believing that in whatever state of being Divine Providence will 
 see tit to place me. I shall have in endless progression all the happiness 
 of which my faculties shall then render me capable. 
 
 The wills, that I heretofore made having been annulled by the death 
 of the persons for whom it was intended to provide. I do hereby revoke 
 and declare to be null and void. 
 
 Imprimis; to my friend, the Hon. Win. Spooner, Esq., of Boston, ! 
 give my gold kneebuckles. 
 
 Item. To my friend, the Rev. William Bentley of Salem. 1 give a 
 gold stock buckle, my sleeve buttons and broach, being those I com- 
 monly wear. 
 
 Item. To my friend, the Rev. Thaddeus Harris, who to other evi- 
 dences of friendship, has added that of naming his son for me, 1 give 
 three hundred dollars. 
 
 Item. I direct my executor to pay a legacy to .Miss Ann Hilliard. 
 who now lives with me. the sum of live hundred dollars, over and 
 above that due her from the stipend of one dollar and fifty cents per 
 week, from Dec. 12. 1817. 
 
 Item. To the University of Harvard College 1 bequeath two ma- 
 
 r l
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 nogany cases, being my collection of ancient and modern coins. 1 
 wish for their sake that the collection was more perfect. 
 
 Item. It has been a favorite object with me to have a good library 
 and I thank God for enabling me to collect a pretty extensive one; and 
 one that has afforded me much satisfaction in the use of it. As none of 
 my relatives has any particular taste for books and I am loth to admit 
 the idea, that my whole labor and expense in making the collection will 
 be lost, I give and dispose of it as follows, viz.: I will that all my books 
 of English poetry, all novels and sermons in English, be divided equally 
 between Mrs. Harriet Peck and the Rev. Thaddeus Harris. 
 
 Item. All the rest and residue of my books I give to the Alleghany 
 College at Meadville in Pennsylvania, whereof the Rev. Timothy Alden 
 is President, with my best prayers to God for the success and utility 
 of that Institution. 
 
 There were two especially happy incidents in the pathetic 
 career of Timothy Ahlen. when it seemed as if the bright 
 visions of his soul were being realized. One was the laying of 
 the corner stone of Bentley Hall; the other was the formal 
 acceptance of the legacy of .Judge Winthrop. The books of 
 Dr. Bentley and Isaiah Thomas had been sent by water to 
 Philadelphia, and thence carted to Pittsburgh and on to Mead- 
 ville, at a cost exceeding one hundred dollars. But to enter 
 into the handsome bequest at Cambridge, the presence of the 
 Founder of Alleghany was required. His hand and eye 
 directed all the preparation for the travels of the volumes. 
 This ('anions library was too valuable to expose to the perils of 
 the sea. Three tons of books in thirteen boxes were intrusted 
 to the teamsters of Boston. So borne in wagons through 
 Albany and Buffalo, the precious freight came on to Mead- 
 ville, arriving Sept. ''>, 1822. 
 
 The public spirit of the citizens found a temporary home 
 for the college possessions, which had now grown into a library 
 of over seven thousand volumes. They were placed in the 
 public office building of the comity, which stood on Chestnut 
 Street. The President, in the midst of his other planning, 
 traveling and accustomed attendance upon the General As- 
 sembly of the Presbyterian Church, now prepared a complete 
 catalogue of the books. His experience as cataloguer of the 
 Massachusetts and the New York Historical Society libraries
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 was applied now to the treasures, which were peculiarly his 
 own, for had he not gained them, every one, by his own effec- 
 tive, personal solicitation. 
 
 The Catalogus Bibliothccac Collegii Alleghaniensis was 
 issued in August, 1823, from the local printer, "E Typis 
 Thomae Atkinson et Soc, apud Meadville." It was a highly 
 creditable piece of work of 130 pages. The college used the 
 opportunity to publish a list of all the benefactors of the 
 library, giving the address and calling of each one. The alert 
 collector and Founder stated, that the object in publishing the 
 catalogue was not only to manifest gratitude for the unprece- 
 dented patronage, which one department of the new institu- 
 tion had enjoyed, but that its friends, at home and abroad, 
 seeing what was already bestowed, could perceive what was 
 wanted to increase its literary and scientific equipment. 
 
 One of these friends made this prompt response, much 
 prized in the archives: 
 
 Affr- <#-', cJLt*-4ijM& y-iUAuvi, ImAr-ms? tJtsnMvrarp 'j c* tsriAJrrjr,-Tr4Ji*laMjL_ f-o-r h-*^ 
 
 f (HfjJL *w **lj Jl Hu^ er^c^xA^.<rr\ yt2cA!\0UATjr^Gu<ruA4 t fr*rr\eivr-lMh/*4/k'*n / 
 tn^rfX o,oe<) . la. fk Hu*< aJHvmmj-** cvW<( "d oucu^Lit far**- rf H*J ^^h 
 
 Letter of Thomas Jefferson.) 
 
 [ 48 ]
 
 BISTORT OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 The ideal setting of the future for the library in Bentley 
 Hall was thus expressed by Timothy Alden : "In the edifice, 
 whose majestic walls have already reached their intended 
 height, there will be one chamber, sixty by forty-four feet, with 
 a tier of alcoves, from one extremity to the other, for the loca- 
 tion of the books of this invaluable collection, the arches of 
 which will be adorned with the names of the chief donors." 
 But it Avas to be seven years before the books were brought to 
 their destined place on College Hill. A large edition of the 
 catalogue was made and copies sent to the friends of literature 
 in the United States. A gracious letter of congratulation came 
 from -lames Madison, none from Adams or Monroe. 
 
 In the early years, the lack of a college building limited the 
 number of students. The instruction was given almost entirely 
 by the President. Students came to the Alden home, near the 
 site of the present Spencer Hospital, just as in the same 
 period, President Dwight of Yale received the Seniors at his 
 residence for their daily work. A room in the old log court 
 house, later the county jail, and a log cabin on the outskirts 
 of the village were other places for recitations. The largest 
 attendance in any one year was fifteen students, that number 
 being enrolled in 1821. The total admitted in the live years 
 was twenty-six. The first graduating class of 1821 had four 
 members There was a single Bachelor of Arts in 1824 and 
 four in 1826. 
 
 A sidelight on the small enrollment of the early date is 
 afforded by a quaint bit of comfort, that came from Dr. Eben 
 Pemberton, the former preceptor of Alden and head of the 
 Phillips Andover Academy, who was given the first honorary 
 degree conferred by Alleghany. He wrote on August 12, 1818. 
 thus : 
 
 "You observe your freshman class is small. The classes at Harvard 
 College were small in the beginning. Look into its catalogue. You will 
 see in some years one name only, in others not one. May Alleghany 
 College like that grow and prosper." 
 
 The spirit of the students of the Alden regime may well be 
 exemplified in the instance of the Founder's nephew, Oliver 
 Alden Taylor, of Massachusetts. This youth of nineteen quali 
 
 [ 4!) ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 fied to become a beneficiary of tbe American Education Society 
 by passing the test at Williams College, and then set out on 
 loot to cover the five hundred miles to Meadville. He made 
 the journey in seventeen days at a cost of $5.60 and arrived in 
 time to recite the Ode to Science, at the laying of the corner 
 stone of Bentley Hall in 1820. Taylor lived in the home of the 
 President and was at first only a ''Probationer," needing to 
 prepare his classics. He also taught school in the county. 
 
 His journal under date of July 18, 1821, has this entry: 
 "Today I am twenty years of age and have been admitted a 
 Freshman in Alleghany College; to the Almighty I direct my 
 prayer for assistance in discharging the implied duties." His 
 uncle was absent often on college affairs, and it meant a 
 serious interruption in recitations to this earnest candidate 
 for the ministry. Later, he transferred to Union College to 
 complete his course, though Alleghany gave him also the 
 Bachelor's degree in 182G. The youth had a profound love and 
 reverence for the President and appreciated the crushing 
 responsibilities that weighed upon him. The life of Taylor 
 was cut short, while he was preparing an adequate sketch of 
 the career of Timothy Alden. 
 
 The graduation of the first class from Alleghany was an 
 event of especial joy to the President, for among its members 
 were his two sons. The little group of four had through the 
 five years appeared on many academic occasions, but the cul- 
 minating blaze of glory was supplied in the event of 1821. Yet 
 the final symbol of work done was not then given. The diploma 
 had been a matter of correspondence and deliberation for 
 years and not until 1821 was the quaint design engraved which 
 adorned Allegheny sheepskins many decades. The procession 
 formed on Water street, opposite Torbett's Hotel. The Mead- 
 ville Light Artillery was the escort of honor to the President, 
 the Board of Trustees and the (Mass of 1821. The company 
 moved at ten o'clock lo the new brick meeting house, where a 
 suitable stage for the day had been erected in front of the 
 pulpit. The official program was as follows: 
 
 [ ro ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Alleghany College 
 
 FOURTH ANNIVERSARY COMMENCEMENT, WEDNESDAY, 
 FOURTH OF JULY, 
 
 MDCCfXXI. 
 
 EXERCISES BY THE CANDIDATES TOR THE BACCALAUREATE. 
 
 1. Salutatory oration, in Latin, by 
 
 Robert Wormsted Alden 
 
 2. Hebrew oration, by 
 
 Timothy John Fox Alden 
 
 3. English oration, on astronomy, by 
 
 David Derickson 
 
 4. Greek oration, on geography, by 
 
 Alexander Matthew White 
 
 5. English oration, on the importance, to the 
 
 United States, of a navy, by 
 
 R. W. Alden 
 
 6. Syriac oration, by 
 
 T. J. F. Alden 
 
 7. English oration, on the progress of Lib- 
 
 ertv, by 
 
 A. M. White 
 
 8. German oration, on Washington, the glory 
 
 of his country, by 
 
 D. Derickson 
 
 9. Valedictory oration, in English, on Ameri- 
 
 can Independence, closing with several 
 addresses and a respectful notice of Bent- 
 ley, Thomas, and other benefactors of 
 Alleghany College, by 
 
 T. /. F. Alden. 
 
 T. J. Fox Alden, who gave three orations on this day, fol- 
 lowing the paternal example at Harvard in his Syriac address, 
 was a man of strong personality. He was born in Portsmouth, 
 
 [ 51 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 N. H., April 12, 1802. After his graduation, he studied law, 
 being admitted to the bar at Meadville on August 11, 1823. 
 After fourteen years he removed to Morgantown, Va., and 
 thence to Pittsburgh, where he was a prominent figure for a 
 quarter of a century. A large and important labor Avas the 
 Digest of the Decisions of the Supreme Court from Dallas to 
 11 Howard, inclusive. He was very fluent as a speaker and 
 
 Timothy John Fox Alden 
 
 an able debater, engaging in notable contests over religious 
 questions. He became the president of the first association of 
 the alumni of Allegheny, formed in 1S17. lie married the 
 daughter of Cornelius Y;in Horn of Meadville, and upon his 
 death. Aug. :*>. 1857, was survived by two daughters and a son. 
 The perversity of fortune in the affairs of the college 
 was also evidenced in the several vain attempts to secure 
 instructors. IJev. Robert .Johnston departed before the charter 
 
 [ "- , 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 came. Rev. Frederick Heyer, of the Lutheran Church, later 
 famed as a missionary in India, was invited in 1818 to be the 
 professor of* German, but a call to a Maryland parish took 
 him from Crawford county. Rev. .John Van Liew, the Presby- 
 terian pastor in Meadville, was made, in 1821, the professor 
 of Rhetoric and Belle Lettres, but he likewise removed. In 
 April, 1822, David Deriekson, the graduate of 1821, was em- 
 ployed as a tutor by the Trustees, teaching a year and a half 
 in the Latin and Greek school, which the college conducted in 
 rivalry with the academy. Mr. Deriekson was admitted to the 
 bar in 1823, and became a Trustee of the college within a few 
 years. 
 
 It was naturally the lack of funds that precluded an in- 
 crease in the teaching staff. President Alden sought dili- 
 gently to devise methods for the endowment of professorial 
 chairs. Having led in the founding of the Western Star Lodge 
 of Masons in 1817, this society seemed a likely agency for the 
 promotion of the interests of the college. It was proposed to 
 establish the Architectonic Mathematical Professorship of 
 Alleghany College. The local brethren subscribed eight hun- 
 dred dollars and then, on April 18. 1S22, issued a call for aid 
 from the Lodges of the State. 
 
 "'Residing in a remote part of our Commonwealth, where the light 
 of literature and science is much wanted, and, where within a few 
 years, a college has been located under prospects of extensive useful- 
 ness to the present and future generations, and actuated by the desire 
 of seeing it rise and shed its blessings in these regions of the west, we 
 have commenced a subscription, which it is our ardent wish may be con- 
 fined to the Craft, the object of which is to raise a fund for endowing 
 a Mathematical Professorship, Mathematics having ever claimed the 
 special fostering care of Masons." 
 
 Many of the Trustees at Meadville were Free and Accepted 
 Masons, and in their name Timothy Alden went forth to solicit 
 funds for the new enterprise. The Grand Lodge at Philadel- 
 phia, on June 3, added its approval. After traveling eleven 
 hundred miles, in September the President had secured $102 
 in cash and $75 in subscriptions. The Board voted the amount 
 to him for his expenses, and the Harvard scholar continued to 
 
 [ 53 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 be the professor of mathematics, as well as of all subjects in 
 the curriculum of Alleghany College. 
 
 Another project was at once begun to induce the Germans 
 of Pennsylvania and other parts of the United States to raise 
 a fund "for a learned professor, whose duty it shall be, not 
 only to teach the comprehensive and energetic German lan- 
 guage, but to exercise his talents in disseminating the light of 
 German literature and science." The President prepared a 
 gracious letter in German and in English, and it was circu- 
 lated in an attractive form. He laid the plan before the Luth- 
 eran and Reformed Synods, but Alleghany was located too 
 remote from the centers of German population in the State, 
 and the call met with no response. 
 
 The next notable endeavor by the college was made in 1825, 
 when the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church had 
 asked for a suitable location for the Western Theological Sem- 
 inary. The Trustees offered the use of the extensive library, 
 with its contents expressed in thirty languages, and the pos- 
 session of one-half of Bentley, free for ten years. The citizens 
 met in mass meeting in the Court House, and raised a fund 
 available, if Meadville should be the site chosen. The Board 
 entered in correspondence with Gen. Andrew Jackson and 
 other Commissioners, placing a valuation of 820,000 on the 
 college library and $20,000 on Bentley Hall, when completed, 
 as inducements for the church favor. But the Presbyterians 
 did not care to share half a plant, and gave their choice to the 
 Allegheny town, adjoining the growing city of Pittsburgh. 
 
 The antagonistic forces which ruled the Pennsylvania Leg- 
 islature in withholding aid from Alleghany in the severe years 
 of struggle to build Bentley Hall were two-fold. There was the 
 ever latent Slate-wide hostility to public and higher educa- 
 tion: (here was also the scorn of the older, eastern section for 
 the western. In the session of 1S2C>, when the much-needed 
 donation was so nearly voted, Dickinson College received a 
 grant of $21,000. The ''watch-dog", Dewart, of Commonwealth 
 finances, raised the false line and cry. that the public treasure 
 was being frittered away on a half dozen college west of the 
 
 [ 54 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 mountains. But Timothy Alden was not dismayed. He con- 
 tinued to proclaim in press and letters his faith in his school. 
 In the Crawford Messenger, lie wrote, "The opportunity of a 
 classical education must have weight with the liberally 
 minded. By disseminating knowledge among the citizens gen- 
 erally and fitting them to participate in the councils of the 
 Commonwealth and the Nation, it will serve the political sys- 
 tem. The President himself may probably at no distant day 
 trace his elevation to that high station to the instructions 
 received in Alleghany College." 
 
 Thomas Atkinon, a charter Trustee of the college, the 
 pioneer editor of the Messenger and first burgess of Meadville, 
 when incorporated, became the Representative of Crawford 
 
 Thomas Atkinson 
 
 r .->.-) l
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 County in The House of 1820-7. On April 12, both branches 
 agreed to a gift of *4000 to Alleghany to be paid in four years. 
 There was a new spirit at Harrisburg. possibly, one of shame. 
 Mr. Atkinson reported : "The bill passed without a dissenting 
 voice in the House. Members arose spontaneously in all 
 quarters to support it. leaving one scarcely room to edge in a 
 word by way of explanation. I feel a deep sense of gratitude 
 to all the members for the kindness paid to the proposition I 
 had the honor to submit." 
 
 With resources now available, an order was given in June 
 lo build the cupola on Bentley, and on Dec. 31, 1827, David 
 Dick, one of the Trustees, took the contract at $3000 to finish 
 the interior of the Hall, particularly the west and middle por- 
 tions, long untouched. The east wing was in a fashion habi- 
 table. A popular subscription in 1825 of a day's work each 
 had brought Trustees, alumni and citizens to the task of split- 
 ting laths for this first part of the building to be completed. 
 Mr. Dick was to receive the three remaining annual install- 
 ments of the State donation, but subject to claims for Petrie's 
 work of 1821. and other college debts. For any shortage, he 
 was assigned unpaid pledges and a mortgage on the property. 
 
 With all his attention to college affairs, Timothy Alden 
 was no recluse, no man of abstract thinking and solitary 
 application to books. From 1810 to 1821, upon the appoint- 
 ment of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel Among 
 the Indians, he was busy a part of each year, usually August 
 and September, on extensive missionary journeys among the 
 Senecas and Munsees of Western New York and Pennsylvania. 
 These trips, four in number, varied from 300 to 500 miles in 
 length. He visited settlement after settlement, especially that 
 of the noted Cornplanter, preaching the gospel through inter- 
 preters, ministering as best he could to those whom he always 
 referred to as a "noble race of men.'' 
 
 In Meadville, though sometimes called visionary, and 
 smiled at for his projects, he won and held a deep affection 
 and esteem. He was Meadville's famous man. Public occa- 
 sions always called for an address from him. Frequently he 
 
 f 56 1
 
 HISTOKY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 served as supply pastor for the Presbyterian Church, though 
 declining a permanent appointment. He was the clergyman to 
 whom the young people went for the sacrament of marriage. 
 His gentleness extended to rivalry in gardening and other 
 domestic pursuits. 
 
 When the miserable wretch of the community was led to 
 the scaffold before the assembled citizens, it was Rev. Timothy 
 Alden who preached the sermon, as was the custom of the day, 
 and led the craven spirit in an honorable fearlessness to expi- 
 ate his crime as the laws of man decreed. Sturdy and erect 
 of frame, of handsome feature, and cultured bearing, was the 
 description lie bore. 1 1 is portrait indicates fairly the eyes of 
 
 Rev. Timothy Alden 
 
 remarkable strength and beauty. It is a faithful saying and 
 meriting record, that he ever bore the respect of those who 
 knew him best. 
 
 It goes, as a matter of course, that he was a lover of 
 
 [ 57 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 children. His own house was blessed in this respect. In him, 
 it is said that boys and girls imposed an instant trust by that 
 sure instinct of childhood that seldom goes astray. This is 
 the testimony over and over again, by men who only a few 
 years ago were able to give a boyhood recollection of the 
 scholar. 
 
 Worthy as Timothy Alden is of endless praise for his 
 fidelity to the ideal of a college to be reared amid the hard- 
 ships and hindrances of the frontier, our Founder is even 
 more illustrious for the absolute forgetfulness of self, the 
 purest altruism in which he pursued his consuming ambition. 
 All through the years, he labored without compensation. The 
 expenses of his trips for the college were generally repaid him, 
 but no salary provision for him was made by the Trustees. 
 The Board recorded its warm gratitude for the donations he 
 gained, and then said, "though desirous to be just, we must 
 be restricted within the limits of our means." Special sub- 
 scriptions were proposed for him at various times. His self- 
 sacrifice and devotion were to some degree duplicated in 
 others. Samuel Torbett and Samuel Lord endorsed personally 
 the Treasurer's note, given to purchase building materials. 
 
 Every trip to the East, and the President was a persistent 
 traveller, resulted in some additional gift to the college. Mis- 
 tress Eunice Day, daughter of Rev. Habijah Weld, and the 
 aunt of Alden, died at Attleborough, Mass., leaving 8400 to 
 found a scholarship for "hopefully pious students of indigent 
 circumstances." A visit to New York in 1827 was richly re- 
 paid, for the money was given to secure the chemical apparatus 
 ami equipment, which, along with the library, was featured in 
 the future advertisements of the Institution. Incidentally, 
 several volumes were picked up at West Point, upon the 
 occasion of ;i call on Cousin Roger Alden. 
 
 But now the days were come, when all formal college 
 leaching ceased. There had been four graduates in 1826. The 
 report in the Quarterly Register of the American Educational 
 Society of 1827 stated, that Alleghany had felt serious embar- 
 rassments in consequence of unexpected delays in the com- 
 pletion of ils building. The Trustees canvassed tin* possibility 
 
 [ 58 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 of having an agricultural establishment added to the college. 
 This phase of education was attracting much attention else- 
 where, and an appeal was sent from Meadville to Stephen 
 Girard to aid the project. The intimate acquaintance of Tim 
 olhy Alden with the Sabbath School work, extending to his 
 periodic visiting in the county, led him to consider the possi- 
 bility of eventual recruits for the college from this source. 
 In the Quarterly Register of 1829, the following hopeful note 
 appeared : 
 
 "There is some probability of a good number of our best Sabbath 
 School learners in the County of Crawford, sons of farmers and me- 
 chanics, shortly becoming probationers of Alleghany College. There 
 is an excellent academy in Meadville, where about ten or twelve stu- 
 dents are preparing for our college. It is my wish to receive a number 
 of students into my family to be under my particular superintendence, 
 while probationers, that is, preparing for ;some class of undergradu- 
 ates. I wish for some at least of unquestionable piety, whose example 
 with the divine blessing might give a cast to the character of the col- 
 lege. In addition to all the. duties I shall have to perform in reference 
 to undergraduates, 1 could easily take this special charge. A number 
 of worthy young men, whom I have selected from our back woods Sab- 
 bath Schools, I expect to become inmates in my family. If with them, 
 I could have some such as the American Education Society patronizes, 
 it would be attended with a happy effeci. 
 
 President Alden." 
 
 The policy of steady adherence by the Founder of Alle- 
 ghany to the ideals of classical culture, assessed in the light 
 of the years of scanty success for the college scholastically, led 
 to a crisis in 1829. Several Trustees wanted to see something 
 more tangible and immediate after the long struggle to create 
 an Institution in Meadville. Judge Shippen, president of the 
 Board, as early as .January, 1827, had suggested a military 
 feature, as more useful to the community, and the proposal 
 was discussed of devoting one-half of Bentley Hall to a school, 
 similar to that of Captain Partridge, at Middletown. Conn. 
 President Alden made a spirited protest to this scheme, call- 
 ing it an alienation from the original purpose of Alleghany, 
 and an injustice to the several benefactors. A rift in the 
 pleasant relations of the Board and the Faculty appeared, as 
 a resolution was entered to inquire, what were the claims of 
 
 [ 59 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 the President on the college, and on what terms he held his 
 place. The military proposition lay in abeyance a few months, 
 but the logic of events operated to break down the sturdy oppo- 
 sition of Timothy Alden. 
 
 Capt. Alden Partridge, formerly of the West Point Acad- 
 emy, came in the fall to Meadville to look over the plant. The 
 completion of Bentley was costing more money than was in 
 prospect. All pretense of infraction, under the Alden auspices, 
 had been abandoned. No accesions were made from Crawford 
 County. On Dec. 2G, 1828, the Trustees entered this formal 
 minute: "We are without funds, without teachers and pro- 
 fessors, except the President of the Faculty of Arts. We have 
 at present no students and no prospects of obtaining any. 
 until we have the necessary teachers and professors in the 
 different branches, necessary to carry on a regular course of 
 collegiate studies.'' 
 
 A Scientific, Literary and Military Academy, fashioned 
 after the Middletown plan, was voted by the Board, and Alden. 
 with Judge Shippen, placed on the committee of arrangements. 
 The central part and east wing of Bentley were assigned, rent 
 free, for five years to the superintendent, who should be named 
 by Capt. Partridge. The President of the college was to be a 
 professor and the chaplain in the academy, occupying, with his 
 family, the west wing of the Hall. .lames McKay, of Norwich, 
 Yt., was nominated, and a request made of the State for a 
 cannon and one hundred stand of arms. McKay appeared 
 promptly, and on April 27, 1829, regulations and a course of 
 study were prepared. The first of June or July was to see the 
 opening of the school. A prospectus was to be issued, but 
 Thomas Atkinson did not have time to print it. 
 
 McKay departed for Buffalo, in May, with the copy, also 
 being on the track of a possible academy in that city. A 
 barrier had arisen in tin; transfer at Meadville. The Board 
 felt the attendance should be estimated at fifty; the superin- 
 tendent would not count on over twenty-live. He also antici- 
 pated :i deficit in the first year. He planned for a staff of 
 three, witli Capt. Partridge as a visiting lecturer. McKay 
 
 [ W ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 wanted the Trustees to share equally with him the initial loss 
 in opening the academy. He asked, as their guarantee, five hun- 
 dred dollars; the Hoard consented to only three hundred and 
 fifty. Thus, by a kindly Providence, in due time, Alleghany 
 was delivered from the military experiment. There must have 
 been keen rejoicing among the proud literati of the town, 
 when the man who had maintained as lofty traditions of pure 
 scholarship as were cherished in any literary foundation in 
 America, was spared the necessity of becoming the chaplain to 
 a company of cadets. 
 
 Now, suddenly, the academic scene shifted. The college for 
 the first time saw materialize some of the dreams of filling the 
 long ago named professorial chairs. After fourteen years, it 
 was able to announce an equipment for efficient and varied 
 instruction, duly brought the eve of the completion of the 
 interior of Bentley. On duly U.~), Reynell Coates, M. I)., of 
 Philadelphia, was elected Winthrop Professor of Natural 
 Philosophy and Professor of Chemistry, and Rev. David Mc- 
 Kinney was made Professor of Mathematics. Dr. Coates had 
 visited Meadville, and was favorably impressed with the equip- 
 ment of his department, later supplying other materials from 
 the city. He planned to practice his profession in addition 
 to his college duties. McKinney was a graduate of Jefferson 
 College in 1S21, and of the Princeton Seminary. He supplied a 
 church in the country, after having served four years in Erie. 
 The plan arranged was for the President and the professor to 
 reside in the two wings of the college building. 
 
 A prospectus of the new order was widely distributed, ap- 
 pearing also in Hazard's Register. The year opened Oct. 2b, 
 and consisted of two sessions of twenty-two weeks each, Com- 
 mencement being set for the third Thursday in September. 
 The announcement contained an elaborate scheme of the sub- 
 jects of study and the assignments of the Faculty in the four 
 college (dasses. The policy was thus stated : 
 
 "The Trustees believe that correct religious principles and 
 habits of devotion in literature are intimately connected with 
 the best interests of mankind, and that every system of educa- 
 
 [ 01 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 tion, where the knowledge and practice of revealed religion are 
 left out of view, is essentially defective. They disclaim, how- 
 ever, all sectarianism. 
 
 "It is intended that particular attention shall be paid to 
 those general views of nature, which form part of a liberal 
 education, and are happily calculated to elevate the mind. Phy- 
 siology, both vegetable and animal, will form part of the 
 course of study. A cabinet of Geology and Natural History 
 has been commenced." 
 
 Dr. Coates gained a strong place in the community. He 
 gave a course of popular lectures on natural philosophy for 
 five months. In his profession as a surgeon, he made notable 
 operations. He was elected at once a Trustee of the college. 
 Rev. David McKinney was also a man of ability, already favor- 
 ably known to the citizens. After leaving Meadville, he held 
 important pastorates, becoming later the founder of the 
 Presbyterian Banner, the church organ in the State, serving as 
 editor from 1852 to 1863. But the regime of the Faculty of 
 three in Alleghany lasted only a year. The men had consented 
 to very modest salaries, two hundred dollars each. They were 
 to share alike in the tuition receipts, the Board making up 
 any deficit. 
 
 The fees had been increased. The rate with the Senior and 
 Junior classes was forty dollars a year, for the lower classes, 
 thirty-six. This may have served to restrict the attendance, as 
 the tuition then at Jefferson College was twenty-five dollars. 
 Anyhow, in October, but six young men presented themselves 
 for enrollment in the new recitation halls and laboratories of 
 Bentley. They were one Junior and five Freshmen : J. M. 
 Ellis, F. G. Betts, J. C. G. Kennedy, Samuel T. Lord, Moses T. 
 Miller and Joseph Town. The total receipts from the group 
 were one hundred and twenty-eight dollars, much less than 
 the salary guaranteed to a single instructor. On August 13, 
 1830, the professor of mathematics resigned, and later. Dr. 
 Coates. The haunting fear, more than once arising in the 
 past, that all this labor for Alleghany should be premature or 
 visionary, seemed now to be a disheartening reality. Building, 
 
 [ 62 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 books and Faculty had not won the magic patronage of stu- 
 dents. The Presbytery of Erie withheld every official encour- 
 agement. The resources were painfully lacking, the financial 
 reserve absolutely nothing, so that the experiment could not 
 be pursued at a losing rate, until, perchance, the tide of 
 popular favor might turn towards Meadville. 
 
 Timothy Alden had rounded out his sacrifice of fortune, of 
 yearly remuneration, of the toil of his best years and of the 
 companion of his home. The Library remained his solace. He 
 continued to officiate as librarian, his office since 1821, serving 
 the volumes to the favored patrons each Monday. The books 
 had been removed from the public office building to the new 
 Court House in 1826. But on November 20, 1830, they were 
 brought by the generous and loyal citizens to the noble edifice, 
 built to do them honor. Three days townsmen and alumni of 
 the college loaded the wagons and the ox carts, which bore the 
 treasures up the hill to Bentley Hall. In the silent corridor, 
 "the great entry" the chronicler calls it, they were piled. Then 
 the alcoves, planned long before, were prepared, and the be- 
 quests of Bentley, Thomas and Winthrop found their appro- 
 priate homes on the shelves of the Library room of the upper 
 floor. 
 
 The local public appreciation of these possessions is well 
 attested in the instance of Carson Davis, donor for the alcoves, 
 in the following bargain : 
 
 Meadville, 10 March, 1831 I the subscriber hereby obligate my- 
 self to deliver at my brick kiln five thousand good merchantable bricks 
 on demand to Timothy Alden, or to his order, and in five months from 
 date five thousand more of good merchantable bricks at the said kiln 
 in consideration that I am to have access to the books of the college 
 library in the same way as do other benefactors of the college during 
 my life also at the end of five months three hundred good bricks as 
 the amount of my annual tax to the library for three years from date 
 all the above to be delivered to Timothy Alden or to his order. 
 
 Witness my hand. 
 
 Carson Davis. 
 
 Negotiations with the Methodists to furnish patronage 
 to the college were urged by the Trustees in July, 1831, to 
 the extent of sending a committee to the session of the Pitts- 
 
 [ 63 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 burgh Conference. Thereupon, followed the resignation of the 
 President of Alleghany as follows: 
 
 ^ , "Bentlev Hall in Mead, 2 Aug., 1831. 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 Having been spared by the manifest indulgence of Heaven 
 
 to use my endeavors for sixteen years to discharge the duties 
 
 devolving on me from my connection with Alleghany College. 
 
 it appears that the time is come, when I ought to withdraw 
 
 entirely from its concerns. The indications of Providence, if 
 
 I read them aright, convince me that there is very little more 
 
 for me, as an instrument in the hand of God, to achieve in 
 
 building up a seminary, whose welfare has been very near my 
 
 heart, and which I trust with smiles from above is to become 
 
 a blessing to many yet unborn. I therefore simply state, thai 
 
 I only await for such equitable arrangements on the part of 
 
 the Board as to my services, to resign all the offices and 
 
 responsibilities I hold. 
 
 Your respectful fellow laborer and well wisher, 
 
 Timothy Alden." 
 
 He must have been a man very old in the griefs of the world, 
 who turned the key in Bentlev Hall in 1831, and surrendered 
 the keeping of the college and its prized books to other hands. 
 It was a pathetic thing to see him open a girls' school in Cin- 
 cinnati in the following year. He was literally starting again 
 a1 the beginning and stooping to build anew with worn-out 
 tools, for the new school was very similar to the Newark 
 Academy of the pre-Meadville days. 
 
 In 1S:>4, he opened the East Liberty Academy in what is 
 now the city of Pittsburgh. The history of the city speaks 
 highly of him and his course of study. But evidently the old 
 fire was gone, for the following year found him acting as sup- 
 ply pastor of the Pine Creek Church at Sharpshurg. He died 
 in is:',!), on the fifth of -Inly, at the home of his daughter in 
 Pittsburgh. The body was laid to rest beside 1 that of his wife 
 in the churchyard at Sharpshurg. 
 
 After a century, how shall the college look upon the mis- 
 sion of Timothy Alden? Was it a mission ended after sixteen 
 
 [ 04 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 years of service 1 , or is it a mission that is full of challenge for 
 the years to come? 
 
 It is one thing for a man to build upon foundations already 
 laid, but it is another thing to blaze a road where it seems 
 foolhardy to venture. It is easy for the crowd to follow by 
 the burnt embers of the cauipfire of the desert wayfarer, but 
 it takes another kind of clay to go an unknown way alone. It 
 is one thing to fare bravely on when reward attends and suc- 
 cess is acclaimed, but what of him who turns not back, when 
 hopes crumble to dust, when blights fall and faith wavers? It 
 is one thing to make a triumphal entry; not every man bears 
 the test of a Gethsemane. 
 
 Some serve their age alone, reaping a speedy and full 
 reward in praise and payment. Others, and their's is per- 
 haps the greater mission, do little more than plant the seeds 
 whereof only succeeding generations may know the fruitage. 
 The fame of not a few of these pioneers, founders and seers has 
 been built upon a great tragedy or a great failure. When 
 Timothy Alden opposed that impersonal foe, Nature's AYilder- 
 ness, he met an enemy that wreaked its vengeance in a fashion 
 all its own, bringing to him his full mead of suffering and 
 defeat. 
 
 And in this taking up of arms against an antagonist that 
 could not be vanquished in one man's life, he set an example 
 of unselfishness that will make his mission live as long as men 
 and women come to learn at that shrine of knowledge whose 
 temple is Bentley Hall. The culture, the courage and the 
 faith of the Founder have been an abiding inspiration in 
 things educational to a public spirited citizenship. Through 
 the century has sounded steadily his voice in its gospel, that 
 no community or commonwealth can live by material wealth 
 alone. 
 
 Timothy Alden set an ideal of learning for Allegheny Col- 
 lege that will be her boast as long as she shall endure. Latin. 
 Hebrew, and Greek may have been rich food for the frontiers- 
 man ; but outside of the idealism of the Roman, the Greek and 
 Jew, the present civilization has made very little addition to 
 
 [ or, ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 the beauty of order, the beauty of form, and the beauty of 
 holiness. Contact with such culture was perhaps what the 
 frontier needed most ; such contact it had to have, if ever the 
 desert was to blossom as the rose. 
 
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 A 
 
 //> 
 
 First Diploma 
 
 [ (JO
 
 CHAPTER III 
 
 THE CHURCH PATRONAGE 
 
 ELIGICVX was the guiding 
 influence in the American 
 college of colonial times 
 and later. One hundred and 
 four of the first one hun- 
 dred and nineteen colleges 
 established in the United 
 States had a distinctively 
 Christian origin. The ser- 
 vice of country and of God expressed the purpose of the early 
 Allegheny. Chartered as a State corporation, it has never 
 altered the original plan to be conducted on liberal principles, 
 with no person suffering any disability because of his religious 
 persuasion. But in the second cycle of our educational enter- 
 prise, the relationship to a particular denomination brought a 
 well defined patronage and supplied a pledge of permanence. 
 
 While Bentley Hall stood yet incomplete, in March, 1827, 
 the Pittsburgh Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church 
 made inquiry as to the possibility of coining to terms with the 
 Trustees for the operation of Allegheny. Methodism had ex- 
 perienced an amazing growth under the inspiration of the 
 mandate of John Wesley io an early missionary, "I let you 
 loose in the great continent of America. Publish your mes- 
 sage in the open face of the sun and do all the good you can." 
 When Francis Asbury arrived in the Colonies in 1772, he found 
 not more than six hundred Methodists. At the organization of 
 the Church in 1781, their number had grown to fifteen thou- 
 sand. In 1815, there were 212.000 communicants in the United 
 States; by 1833, the strength was 51)9, 73G, the membership hav- 
 ing doubled in eleven years. In western Pennsylvania after 
 the formation of the Pittsburgh Conference in 1825, a similar 
 stride of progress was maintained. Everywhere the Church 
 had been vigorously given to evangelism. The zeal to preacn 
 
 [ <;t ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 the gospel consumed its ministry. The national westward 
 expansion challenged the inherent genius of the denomination 
 and spurred it to the missionary occupation of the successive 
 frontiers. 
 
 Thus engrossed, it is not strange that in many quarters the 
 charge arose, that the Methodists were hostile to education. A 
 singular fatality had pursued the early efforts to conduct 
 schools. The total loss by lire of Cokesbury College at Abing 
 don. Aid., in 1795, after ten thousand pounds had been ex- 
 pended in ten years, led Bishop Asbury to record in his 
 Journal his belief, that the Lord had not called them to build 
 colleges. Yet schools were projected in the districts, or embry- 
 onic conferences, after the plan of the famed Kingswood School 
 of John Wesley in England. Bethel Academy in Kentucky in 
 1791 and Uniontown Academy in Pennsylvania in 1792 came 
 into existence for a few years, but the general scheme failed. 
 
 The special training of the clergy received as yet little 
 attention. Even the scathing report of the Eastern Commis- 
 sion of 1812 upon the ignorance of western communities and 
 the Calvanist attack of Dr. Lyman Beecher, calling for an 
 educated ministry, did not rouse the Methodists at once to 
 vigorous action. The General Conference of 1810 voted to 
 prepare the first course of study for the travelling ministers. 
 Tn 1817, New England laid the first literary foundation that 
 was to be permanent, though with a change of locality, when 
 the New Market, N. II., Academy was started under Rev. 
 Martin Ruter as principal. The General Conference of 1820 
 followed with the adoption of a program of education for all 
 the land. This decision was based upon the conviction that 
 seminaries of learning generally were under the control of 
 Hopkinsian or Calvinistic principles, and that experimental 
 and practical godliness was not sufficiently emphasized. 
 
 The disciples of Wesley believed that religion ami learning 
 should mutually ;issist each other. In the next quadrennial 
 gathering, Martin Ruter, now of Cincinnati, became the chair- 
 man of the Committee on Education. The policy was reaffirmed 
 with more emphasis. Instead of each annual conference being 
 
 [ 08 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 advised to establish as soon as practicable classical seminaries, 
 the Bishops were to urge that the utmost exertion be expended 
 to found literary institutions in every conference area. 
 
 Under this commission, the Pittsburgh Conference in 1825, 
 its lirst session, prepared to open a college. Uniontown, the 
 earliest center of Methodism in the old Redstone, commanded 
 favor at once. The Union School of 1792 had been started there 
 by Francis Asbury. The presiding elder of the western district, 
 Charles Conoway, had supervision of the building, erected as 
 an addition to the church of the village. Valentine Cook, a 
 graduate of Cokesbury, succeeded him. Then Rev. John H. 
 Reynolds in 1794 taught the classics under the Baltimore Con- 
 ference appointment. The school closed for a time, to reopen 
 as an academy in 1808, incorporated by the State with a grant 
 of $2000. Overtures having been made in vain to the Philadel- 
 phia Conference to join in founding a seminary, in 1820, Rev. 
 Henry B. Bascom reported in support of Uniontown as the 
 location. A donation of $2000 to buy the land was made by 
 President .Tames Madison, after whom the college was named. 
 
 On an elevated plateau, facing the south, and commanding 
 the National Road, which was a main artery of travel from the 
 West to Washington, 1). C, a three-story building of brick was 
 erected. Pennsylvania gave a charter on March 2, 1827, for a 
 college to be governed by 38 trustees and turned over to them 
 the property of the old Academy. In 1828, it added a gift of 
 $5000. Henry Bascom, the personal friend of Henry Clay, and 
 lately chaplain of the House of Representatives, an orator of 
 national fame, became the first president. He held the chair of 
 Moral Science and as no advanced students entered the first 
 year, he gave himself to travel for the collection of funds. His 
 formal installation into office on Sept. 15, 1828, received wide 
 publicity. The Register and Journal of the American Edu- 
 cation Society published a sketch of his presidential address, 
 along with those of similar exercises at Dartmouth, Columbia 
 and Pennsylvania in the same year. 
 
 The theme at Uniontown was the influence of education 
 upon man as a moral and social being. Of the policy of Madi- 
 
 [ 69 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 son College, President Bascom said, "We will not compound 
 with anything sectarian or selfish." Though the institution 
 was under the patronage of the Methodist Church, he as the 
 authorized agent of the Pittsburgh Conference pledged its 
 
 Madison College 
 
 public faith, that the only object in view was to promote the 
 interest of religion and science. The report made to the Gen- 
 eral Conference, meeting in Pittsburgh in 1828, showed a 
 Faculty of ."> and an enrollment of 107 students, 4.") being in 
 the college classes. The statement of 1829 placed the total at 
 70, of these 20 being indicated as professing religion. 
 
 But after a two years' administration, Bascom had re 
 signed. A prime mover in starting the college was Rev. Asa 
 Shinn, presiding elder of the district, lie now became the 
 leader in the Pittsburgh region of the schism, which culmi- 
 nated in the Methodist Protestant Church in 1830. Dr. Bas 
 
 [ 7 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 com, being a close friend of Shinn's, was suspected of support- 
 ing the so-called Radicalism. His biographer, Kev. M. M. 
 llenkle, writes, "The endowment of Madison was trifling in 
 amount, the local patronage limited, and that from a distance, 
 more so ; there was not adequate support for the Faculty, least 
 of all for the President, who would not labor for naught." 
 
 Yet in this same year of 1829, the Pittsburgh Conference 
 pledged itself to pay the salary of $600 to the professor of 
 languages, Kev. Charles Elliott. This sum was quite princely 
 
 Rev. Charles Elliott 
 
 when compared with the modest income of $100 of most of the 
 ministers of that day. Elliott ranks as one of the mighty men 
 of Methodism. His personality dominated at Madison. He 
 had been educated in Ireland, came to America in 1814, joined 
 the Ohio Conference in 1818 and served in the celebrated mis- 
 sion of the Wyandotte Indians. He was made the first editor 
 of the Pittsburgh Conference Journal in 183:1 Allegheny 
 
 [ 71 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 College in the thirties had no more loyal and efficient advocate 
 than Charles Elliott. 
 
 The college building at Uniontown was the place of the 
 meeting of the Annual Conference, August 20, 1830, to examine 
 into the educational prospect and rally, if possible, a united 
 support. Rev. Homer J. Clark, a graduate of Ohio University 
 at Athens in 1829, received the appointment of supply at 
 Uniontown and became a teacher in the college. This young 
 preacher's transfer to Pittsburgh in the previous year had 
 brought him immediate fame as a pulpit orator, when large 
 crowds came to hear him weekly in the court house. His 
 removal to Madison gave a marked impetus to the higher edu- 
 cation of the ministry. 
 
 Rev. J. H. Fielding, who had been the professor of mathe- 
 matics four years, succeeded in 1831 to the vacant presidency 
 and Professor Elliott severed his connection, returning to the 
 active ministry as pastor of the Pittsburgh station. At this 
 crisis Homer J. Clark advanced to a professorship and upon 
 him in 1831-2 fell a large share of the burden of the expiring 
 Madison College. For the Methodist Conference had voted in 
 its 1831 session to cease its patronage at Uniontown after one 
 year and opened negotiations with the Trustees of Allegheny 
 College. 
 
 Certain notable students had found their way to Madison 
 College in its brief career. Matthew Simpson, not twenty years 
 or age. came on foot from Ohio with a cash capital of $ 11.25, 
 planning to prepare for the practice of medicine, and serving 
 part of the time as a tutor. Another, William Hunter, walked 
 from east of the Alleghenies, arriving with less than a dollar 
 in his pocket. Later, he will be four times elected editor of the 
 Pittsburgh Advocate, hold for a score of years the chair of 
 Biblical Literature in Allegheny College and have his hymns 
 snug round the world. Others on its rolls were Francis A. 
 Dighton. renowned for his eloquence, Simon Elliott of the 
 Pittsburgh Conference. Alfred Stnrges, early Secretary of the 
 Erie Conference, Senators Waitman and Willey. 
 
 The Methodist Church of America had by this date com- 
 
 [ T2 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 mitted itself fully to the cause of education. Augusta College 
 in Kentucky, under the presidency of Dr. Martin Ruter, sent 
 
 forth in 1820 the first 
 group of Bachelors of 
 Arts ever to be gradu- 
 ated from a chartered 
 institution of the de- 
 nomination. One hun- 
 dred years after 
 Charles Wesley had 
 started the Holy Club 
 at Oxford, these five 
 young men became 
 the leaders of the; 
 
 Augusta College , m , t proC eSSion OV 
 
 Methodist graduates coming from one hundred institutions. 
 Wesleyan University at Middletown, Conn., enrolled its first 
 students in the fall of 1831. Dickinson College at Carlisle, 
 after a checkered career of fifty years, was placed under the 
 patronage of the Philadelphia and Baltimore Conferences in 
 1833 and reopened its doors the following year. 
 
 A word to command on the subject of education sounded 
 from the West, when Rev. John P. Dnrbin, a professor in 
 Augusta College, contributed a series of articles to the New 
 York Christian Advocate in the period from 1828-31. These 
 were reprinted in the Quarterly Register of the American 
 Educational Society. Dr. Durbin became the editor of the 
 New York church journal in 1832 and the first Methodist 
 president of Dickinson College in 1834. His program provided 
 for two superior, well endowed institutions, one in the east 
 and one in the west, and for a general educational society with 
 branches to promote the cause. 
 
 In comparison, the Presbyterians were shown to hold the 
 leadership in the scholastic world, because their men had been 
 trained for the higher needs of the day. In 1829, out of 43 
 colleges, 2 were under Methodist direction, and out of 247 
 instructors, 10 were Methodists. Professor Dnrbin counseled 
 his brethren earnestly to take advantage of the moral wave 
 
 [ 73 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 then in evidence through the nation, prepare to guide public 
 opinion and assume its large share in the training of young 
 manhood. He prophesied a ten-fold advance in higher educa- 
 tion in the next score of years and enunciated the law, that 
 institutions, begun with State aid, tended to come under the 
 prevailing influence of some Christian denomination, thereby 
 assuring their permanent success. 
 
 The Methodists of Western Pennsylvania and its borders 
 were not dismayed by the failure of Madison College. The 
 legacy of party strife had been a fatal handicap, together witli 
 the proximity of Uniontown to the sites of Jefferson and 
 Washington Colleges. But the same potent factor, which 
 denied success to Timothy Alden at Meadville, seeking in vain 
 Presbyterian patronage for his well prepared educational 
 plant, was now to serve under other denominational auspices, 
 as a guarantee to Allegheny College of an influx of the students 
 so long expected. The live years' experience of Madison as- 
 sured the Pittsburgh Conference of the demand by its youth 
 for a higher institution of learning. 
 
 Homer .1. Clark, while traveling as its agent in 1830, had 
 learned of the result of the latest attempt to operate Allegheny 
 and became thoroughly acquainted with the favorable situa- 
 tion of Meadville, the excellent college edifice, the widely her- 
 alded library, and, above all, the solid fame of its citizens for 
 public spirit and for devotion to science and letters. On 
 March 15, 1831, the Trustees of Allegheny sent terms to the 
 inquiring professor at Uniontown. These conditions were not 
 entirely acceptable, therefore John Reynolds and David Dick 
 received credentials to the Methodist Conference at Pitts- 
 burgh, August 17, with power to vary the conditions to meet 
 the wishes of the society, provided the alterations were con- 
 sistent with the interests of the college. This committee re- 
 ported upon its return, that although the Conference continued 
 to patronize Madison one year more, a commission would come 
 to Meadville for a consultation with the Board. 
 
 Accordingly on Nov. 15, 1831, there appeared Rev. Alfred 
 Brunson of Cleveland and Rev. Zerah II. Coston of Wheeling. 
 
 [ 74 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEOE 
 
 who together with Joseph S. Barris, the local pastor, met 
 Joseph Morrison, the president of the Trustees, John Reynolds 
 and David Dick, and drew up Articles of Agreement to be sub- 
 mitted to the authoritative bodies. The Trustees on July 31, 
 1832, voted approval of the plan and asked Rev. J. S. Barris 
 to represent them at the next conference session at Wells- 
 burg, Ya., in August, where he extended their invitation and 
 that of the citizens of Meadville to meet at the site of the 
 college in 1833. The Conference promptly voted to accept the 
 chance to make a personal inspection of Allegheny and arrange 
 the final conditions. At the same time, the Meadville District 
 of the Pittsburgh area was created and Z. H. Coston appointed 
 presiding elder. 
 
 Throughout northwestern Pennsylvania and parts of Ohio 
 and New York, the matter of the transfer of the institution 
 was freely canvassed. The coming of the Methodists on July 
 17 to Meadville, the farthest north the body had ever set, 
 
 _; .... - -..-^.^-..^.^ aaa 
 
 Meadville in the Thirties 
 
 attracted large public attention. The presiding Bishop, Robert 
 R. Roberts, was the best known official in the denomination, 
 having been a pioneer in the neighboring county of Mercer. 
 He had preached the tirst Methodist sermon heard in the vil- 
 lage, in 1800, addressing a dozen men in the front room of the 
 log tavern, at the sign of the ''Black Rear", located on the 
 
 [ 7r, 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 northwest corner of the Diamond and Center Street. On the 
 Sabbath of conference week, he preached to 1000 in the Court 
 House, as the Meadville Courier, of July 23, observed, a cheer- 
 ing omen of the possibilities of the new friends of Allegheny. 
 
 On the first day of the session, the entire company of 
 preachers climbed the hill, to visit Bentley Hall and inspect 
 the far-famed library, now housed in the adequate alcoves of 
 the new quarters. The number of college trained minds 
 among these circuit riders was exceedingly scanty, but every 
 man of them by the polity of his church was an evangel of 
 religious literature and general knowledge, serving under the 
 Methodist Book Concern. His mission to preach the gospel 
 carried him to all sections and to all sorts and conditions of 
 men. He knew bitter opposition ; he had won splendid tri- 
 umphs. With conscious power the company trod the corridors 
 of Bentley and viewed the resources of education, ready to 
 help the church equip the youth of the land for larger use- 
 fulness. 
 
 Then the negotiations were resumed with the local Board, 
 at the home of Joseph Morrison. Branson and Coston, again 
 representing the clergy, along with Rev. W. B. Mack, had a 
 dramatic final interview. The loyal, but shrewd executive of 
 the Trustees said, "We hold this college enterprise dear to our 
 hearts, and before we give it over to the patronage of your 
 Conference, it is but reasonable that we ask what can you do 
 for us to make our college a success."- Zerah H. Coston, who 
 has described the scene, answered, "Mr. President, I am author- 
 ized to say to you, that if you put this college under our pat- 
 ronage and control, we propose for the Faculty, Martin Ruter. 
 D.D., as president, Homer J. Clark, A.M., as vice-president and 
 Augustus Ruter, professor. 
 
 "As for students, if our population is sparse, our field is 
 ample. The bounds of our conference run from Cattaraugus 
 Creek in New York, along the top of the Allegheny Mountains 
 to the head of Tygart's Valley in Virginia; in the west, from 
 the month of the Muskingum River via the White Woman and 
 Cuyahoga Kivers, to Lake Erie, and thence east. Into this 
 
 [ TO ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 field we propose to send two hundred live Methodist preachers. 
 as agents, to gather the material to build up your college and 
 make it a permanent institution. The Conference regards 
 your otter as an opening of Providence, a call of God to duty, 
 and they are united and have faith in the enterprise. The 
 college will open this fall under Vice-President Clark." 
 
 It is told, that Mr. Morrison now sprang to his feet and 
 exclaimed, '"Gentlemen, this looks more like having a college in 
 Meadville than anything we have seen before." Thus the arti- 
 cles of agreement were ratified. They provided, that the Alle- 
 gheny College under the patronage of the Pittsburgh Confer- 
 ence was to carry into effect the objects expressed in the 
 charter of 1817. The Conference could name one-half of the 
 persons to fill the vacancies, which existed then or thereafter 
 in the Board of Trustees. Also, it was to nominate the Faculty 
 and fix their salaries, subject to the approval of the Board. 
 The Trustees agreed not to contract debts in behalf of the 
 Institution, that would involve the Conference without its 
 consent. The Methodists bound themselves to raise an endow- 
 ment fund of |10,000. The debts then due by the college, not 
 exceeding f 2000, which were secured by mortgage and payable 
 in three years, were to be paid out of the available funds. 
 Either party could withdraw from the compact on one year's 
 notice. 
 
 The eighth article stated, "The Institution shall be con- 
 ducted as the charter requires, on liberal principles, no person 
 having any advantage on account of his religious beliefs." The 
 first Board of Trustees in 1817 contained the names of eleven 
 clergymen out of a possible fifty members. It had been enacted 
 in the incorporation, that any vacancy among the clergymen 
 must be filled by one of the same profession, keeping the num- 
 ber eleven intact. But it was further decreed, that no par- 
 ticular religious denomination of Christians should have any 
 preference in this group. The full quota of fifty Trustees was 
 not always maintained. Some under the Alden regime had 
 never accepted their election. 
 
 In entering the relations of 1833, the Methodists specified 
 
 [ 77 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 that they expected no changes in the active personnel of the 
 Board, bnt they desired to have the existing vacancies filled by 
 the election of their nominees. Accordingly on July 22. 
 Bishop Roberts was chosen first to take the place of Rev. 
 
 Bishop Roberts 
 
 Joseph Stockton, the lirst pastor of the Presbyterians in Mead- 
 ville. Rev. Alfred Brunson succeeded Rev. Joseph Badger, an 
 early Presbyterian missionary in the Western Reserve. John 
 Lupher. of the original Methodist class organized in Meadville. 
 was assigned to the vacancy left by I>r. Reynell Coates, the 
 science professor of ls:{0. Robert Adrain. Griffith Bennett and 
 John .Mattocks, local Methodists, were also added the same 
 
 f 78 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 day. William McLaughlin and Joseph Derickson of the local 
 Presbyterians became members. 
 
 But the old guard of the local Trustees remained largely 
 unbroken, and the record bears the well-known names of Joseph 
 Morrison, John Reynolds, David Dick, Judge Edward Shippen, 
 Judge Stephen Barlow, David Derickson, D. Renins and James 
 Hamilton. A few of the firm friends of earlier days now re- 
 signed, such as Samuel Lord, Esq., Jared Shattuck, the Treas- 
 urer, Col. .lames Cochrane. Dr. Charles Yeates, Samuel Torbett 
 and Eliphalet Betts. In all, sixteen new members were added 
 in July, 1)]-. Martin Ruter and Rev. Joseph Barris not being 
 chosen until November. The Mbadville Courier of July 30 
 commented, that the change to church patronage was consist- 
 ent with the charter of Allegheny. It said, "The fact that 
 eight local members of the old active Board, who are not Meth- 
 odists, remain as Trustees gives a pledge to the public, that the 
 policy of the new control is not sectarian, and all fears to the 
 contrary are at once put to rest." 
 
 The one issue at variance in the negotiations arose over the 
 future of the Founder of Allegheny College. The warm friends 
 the fellow citizens of Mr. Alden wanted to have him retained 
 in the new Faculty. Brunson and his associates held out 
 stoutly against such an arrangement. Judge Gibson, the 
 Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, on his way to Erie for a 
 session, stopped in Meadville, being an ex-ofticio Trustee of 
 Allegheny, and took a lively interest in the transfer of the 
 college. His counsel settled the controversy over ex-Rresident 
 Alden. The Judge lived in Carlisle, where Dickinson College 
 had organized three times with a teaching staff of various 
 religions faiths and had failed. He supported the Methodist 
 point of view and Alfred Brunson cited other unhappy conse- 
 quences of mixed Faculties in the universities of Ohio, at 
 Athens and Oxford, so that the policy prevailed of a complete 
 reorganization of the instructors. 
 
 There was intended no lack of respect for the educational 
 pioneer. Later, upon the notice of his death, the Trustees made 
 this simple but eloquent record in the minutes of July 31, 
 
 [ 79 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 1839 : "To the Rev. Timothy Aldeu may justly be ascribed the 
 projection of Allegheny College, and truly may it be said that 
 he Avas the active and faithful agent in raising it to usefulness; 
 and whatever blessings a kind Providence may have in store 
 for the Institution, may it ever be remembered that the seeds 
 were sown by the late first President." In 1827, when the 
 Rev. Charles Elliott and Rev. R. C. Hatton of Youngstown, O.. 
 a former pastor on the French Creek Circuit, made the first 
 inquiries about the college in behalf of the Methodists, Mr. 
 Alden naturally protested against opening negotiations. The 
 later discussions of a transfer took place usually when he was 
 absent from the Board meeting. His continuance in the 
 Faculty in 1833 would have been a doubtful experiment. 
 
 In his resignation of 1831, the President had asked that an 
 equitable estimate of his services be made. The Board passed 
 the resolution : 
 
 That since for sixteen years as President and Professor, the Rev. 
 Timothy Alden had spent the prime of his life in efforts to advance the 
 cause of religion, literature and science in Northwestern Pennsylvania 
 and had received no adequate remuneration, and for much of the time 
 no payment whatever, therefore the sum of $3 200 be awarded to him, 
 to stand chargeable upon future appropriations and bequests. 
 
 After this action, the Board felt free to meet the first com- 
 mittee of the Pittsburgh Conference. The debt to Mr. Alden. 
 the mortgage held by David Dick, and further outlay upon 
 Bentley Hall were obligations required to be taken by the newly 
 arranged management. The college edifice had to be entirely 
 furnished for class room work and for residence. It is true, 
 an educational plant of some worth had come under the pat- 
 ronage of the Methodists, a common estimate of its value being 
 $50,000. But in addition to a lack of students, the first era 
 of Allegheny had stood in sore need of funds, in the form of a 
 definite endowment. 
 
 The program of 1833 called for an immediate subscription 
 of $10,000. The Pittsburgh Conference voted on .Inly 24 to 
 establish the Roberts Professorship with this prospective sum, 
 and then raise a similar amount when it was completed. Two 
 hundred shares of fifty dollars each were to be solicited by a 
 
 r so l
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 regularly employed agent. Scholarships were likewise created 
 at this time. Three hundred dollars paid into the treasury 
 entitled the donor to the privilege of sending forever to Alle- 
 gheny one student free of tuition. A special enactment allowed 
 any minister of the gospel, of any religious denomination, to 
 pay one hundred dollars and send a student for eight years, 
 free of tuition ; or upon payment of fifty, for four. The 
 Trustees promptly ratified this action with the addition, that 
 any person who paid one hundred dollars could send a student 
 for four years. Rev. J. S. Barris hecame the first financial 
 agent of the college. He had just served as presiding elder of 
 the Erie District and possessed a wide acquaintance. He was 
 an agreeable speaker and a general social favorite. 
 
 The naming of the first chair to be endowed for Bishop 
 Roberts was an appropriate and popular proceeding. He is 
 claimed as a distinguished product of northwestern Pennsyl- 
 vania and one of 
 its earliest pion 
 eers. A Maryland 
 boy of eighteen in 
 1796, he had come 
 up from Ligonier 
 by the old Venan- 
 go Path to the 
 mouth of French 
 Creek, which he 
 followed to the 
 Cussewago. The 
 Meadville of Da- 
 vid Mead and Ma- 
 jor Alden, though 
 greatly pleased the 
 
 
 The Roberts Home. 
 
 composed of less than a dozen houses 
 young prospector, but all the rich lands in the vicinity had 
 been taken. So he moved on by Conneaut Creek to the Little 
 Shenango for his settlement, revisiting Meadville the same 
 year to obtain supplies. From it later, he hired on a keel 
 boat to make the voyage to Pittsburgh. Young Roberts 
 waged a winning fight against the wilderness, cleared his lands, 
 
 [ 81 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 brought Lis kinsmen to his log cabin, erected a grist mill ami 
 became a mighty hunter. AYhen he was the presiding officer 
 of the Conference in 1833, one of his old-time neighbors came 
 to hear him, proud of the early association, and remarked, "I 
 have often hunted squirrels and coons with Mr. Roberts, but 
 now he is a Bishop and I am only a butcher." 
 
 At Mumford'S, the pioneer Methodist center of the Mead- 
 wile area, on French Creek, in 1801, Robert R. Roberts was 
 licensed to exhort by the famed itinerant, Thornton Fleming. 
 He preached on the Erie circuit, 1805-6. Later, he held pas- 
 torates in Baltimore and Philadelphia. In the General Con- 
 ference of 1S1G, he was elected a Bishop, taking the place of 
 Francis Asbury, and having but two associates for several 
 years. His rise had been phenomenal. Within ten years of 
 the time he spoke at the "Black Bear" tavern on the Diamond, 
 he gained the highest office in his denomination. He was a 
 man of becoming dignity and kindness, a commanding figure 
 in any company. For modesty, simplicity, genuine piety and 
 tireless energy, no member of the Methodist Episcopacy has 
 been more favorably esteemed. In his last years, he was closely 
 associated with Asbury College in Indiana. The Roberts Pro- 
 fessorship for Allegheny College had in it an appeal to the 
 church witli every promise of success. 
 
 The July visitation of the Pittsburgh Methodists created an 
 excellent impression upon the citizens of Meadville. Their 
 patronage of the college was destined to strengthen the hith- 
 erto slight influence of the local church which had been orga- 
 nized as a society in 1820. The first visit to the village with 
 the design of forming a congregation had been made by Rev. 
 James Quinn, appointed in 1801 by the Baltimore Conference 
 to the newly formed Erie circuit. He had expected to have 
 Meadville as the center of his work, but he records in his 
 journal, '"The Presbyterian Synod 1ms laid out nearly all the 
 settlements into congregational districts. Wherever the num- 
 bers are sufficient, they have organized and ordained elders, so 
 they seem to have taken possession of the entire country." 
 Thereupon, Quinn left for the rural sections, and soon had 
 
 [ 82 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY' COLLEGE 
 
 twenty appointments, traveling 400 miles every four weeks. 
 
 Mumford's, four miles south of Meadville, was a regular 
 preaching place and the scene of important quarterly confer- 
 ence gatherings from wide areas. The camp meeting was a 
 highly effective form of propaganda. One of the famous 
 grounds was on French Creek near Mumford's. Rev. Jacob 
 Young tells in his Autobiography of a notable meeting there in 
 1814, addressed by Bishop McKendree several days. He re- 
 ports that the literati of Meadville were nearly all in attend- 
 ance, and General Mead was one of the company. The General 
 took the stand and warned certain disorderly elements against 
 interfering with the services. In fact, the citizens assumed 
 the policing of the grounds. Another camp meeting site of 
 much fame was Gravel Run, or Rockville, ten miles north of 
 Meadville. The Meadville Society of 1826 worshipped in the 
 loft of John Lupher's blacksmith shop, at the southeast corner 
 of Main and Arch. A lot on Arch near Liberty was bought and 
 plans for a brick edifice made in 1821). The building was not 
 completed for some years, but with Homer J. Clark, the gifted 
 acting President of Allegheny College, stationed as its preacher 
 in 1833-4, the congregation was ushered into a new era of 
 activity and efficiency. 
 
 But the larger inspiration felt immediately was the wide- 
 spread belief, that now the future of the college had been 
 made secure. The Crawford Messenger of July 26 prophesied 
 that at no distant day Allegheny would take rank among the 
 most useful institutions of the nation. The committee of Dr. 
 Ruter, John Reynolds, David Derickson, Rev. A. Brunson and 
 Rev. Homer J. Clark, named to prepare a Prospectus, reported 
 in a fortnight and one thousand copies of the announcement 
 were sent broadcast on August 12. 
 
 "The Trustees of Allegheny College take pleasure in announcing 
 that the preparatory department of this Institution will be open for 
 the reception of students on the first Monday in September, and the 
 collegiate department on the first Monday in November. The college is 
 now under the patronage of the Pittsburgh Annual Conference of the 
 Methodist Episcopal Church. The change is not designed to effect in 
 the slightest degree the liberal principles of its organization, recognized 
 
 [ S3 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 in its charter. Though under the patronage of a particular religious 
 denomination, it is not intended to be sectarian. This character is 
 utterly disavowed. 
 
 'The Board of Trustees, as before, is still composed of literary 
 gentlemen of different religious persuasions. No particular theological 
 views will be permitted to influence any of the decisions of the Board; 
 and from their knowledge of the character of the gentlemen compos- 
 ing the Faculty, the public may be assured, that no such views will 
 be mingled with the general course of instruction. The Board, how- 
 ever, is so thoroughly persuaded, that practical morality and the best 
 interests of man, in time and eternity, are intimately dependent on the 
 belief and influence of the principles of revealed religion, that a system 
 of education leaving them out of view, would be materially defective. 
 
 "Students, therefore, will be required to observe the Sabbath in a 
 serious and Christian manner; leaving the place where they shall attend 
 public worship to their own choice and the advice of parents and 
 guardians. The Trustees pledge themselves to the public that their best 
 exertions shall be given to aid the Faculty in forming the moral and 
 intellectual character of the student body." 
 
 The circular set forth the merits of Bentley Hall, of the 
 Library, ranked among the first in the Union, of the philo- 
 sophical and chemical apparatus, sufficient for illustrating the 
 subjects in science, and of Meadville, as an ideal college town. 
 For admission to the Freshman Class, Caesar's Commentaries. 
 Vergil's Aeueid and Eclogues, the Greek Testament, Historia 
 Sacra and arithmetic through cube root were required. Dr. 
 Ruter was not expected to move to Meadville until the ad- 
 vanced classes demanded his services. Homer .J. (Mark, as 
 Yice-I'resident. was to have charge of affairs, also being pro- 
 fessor of Mathematics ami Natural Science. Augustus M. 
 Kuler. A.B., a graduate of Augusta College, was professor of 
 Languages and of Grecian and Roman Antiquities. 
 
 The period of publicity was brief. Would the advertise 
 inent of the new era for Allegheny College be widely scattered? 
 Ambitious, loyal Meadville in every one of ifs citizens of thir- 
 teen hundred souls looked forward eagerly to the appointed 
 opening on that first Monday. November fourth. The college 
 agent had been traveling in Ohio; that efficient recruiting 
 factor through the years, the Methodist preacher, was busy in 
 many a community. The well elaborated plan, announced 
 
 [ *4 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 October 7th, of the Manual Labor system to be connected with 
 the Institution, gave rise to much favorable comment and 
 promised to attract no small number of the earnest youth of 
 the land. 
 
 The day of enrollment found twenty-two students gathered 
 at Bentley Hall, all four college classes having representa- 
 tives. The preparatory department, operating since September 
 fourth, supplied a nucleus and accessions continued through 
 the term, forty being registered by Christmas, and the number 
 reaching fifty-seven, St. Valentine's Hay, 1834. Monday, 
 November fourth, had been a gala occasion. Dr. Kuter came 
 to Meadville by stage coach the previous week from his Pitts- 
 burgh pastorate and preached on Sunday afternoon in the 
 Court House. Here the next day at eleven o'clock, the new 
 President conducted the formal opening exercises of the Meth- 
 odist regime, making an address of an hour and a half to a 
 large assemblage of the citizens, students and college author- 
 ities. The Trustees had come in a procession to the ceremony. 
 The inaugural message elicited general praise and satisfaction. 
 
 Martin Kuter, I ).!>., was the conspicuous asset of the Alle- 
 gheny of 1833. The verdict of his contemporaries is that he 
 was one of the extraordinary men of his age. No clergy- 
 man of the Methodist connection displayed a greater versatility 
 in function and office, save possibly certain members of the 
 Episcopacy. They scarcely surpassed him in the variety of his 
 geographical fields of labor, nor in the measure of established 
 success that attended him. In the New England, the Phila- 
 delphia, the Ohio, the Kentucky, the Pittsburgh, the Erie and 
 the Texas Conference-to-be, he was ever ranked among the fore- 
 most. Bishop Matthew Simpson in his "One Hundred Years 
 of Methodism/' speaking of the few men of creative minds, who 
 in the period from 1816-20 became leaders in their respective 
 spheres and gave breadth and energy to connectional move- 
 ments, mentions six names. Soule, Hedding, John Emory, 
 Nathan Bangs, Wilbur Fisk and Martin Kuter. Four of thes;; 
 were of the New England Conference, the first three were 
 Bishops, the fourth the President of ^Yesleyan. and the fifth 
 
 [ W 1
 
 Rev. Martin Ruter. I). I).. President 1833-
 
 HISTORY OP ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 the editor of the New York Advocate and the historian of his 
 church. 
 
 The second President of our college had a distinction, that 
 was appropriately unique. He was said to be the best educated 
 man in Methodism. And this repute was further intensified by 
 the fact, that this erudition was the product of his own per 
 sistent, private study. He was the first Methodist preacher to 
 receive the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity, this being 
 conferred by Transylvania University of Kentucky in 1822. 
 When Dr. Enter accepted the office at Meadville, he was 
 forty-eight years of age. but his career of exceptional activity 
 had been early entered. Horn in Charleton, Worcester 
 County, Massachusetts, living later in Yermont, where the lad 
 received meager schooling, before he was sixteen years old 
 he was admitted a preacher in the New York Conference at 
 the historic John Street Church in dune, 1801, Elijah Red- 
 ding being a classmate. 
 
 In his Autobiography, he writes: "I had a taste for learn- 
 ing and a thirst for knowledge from my earliest recollections. 
 This taste I cherished by improving diligently such oppor- 
 tunities as I had of private studies at home, for my father 
 was unable to give me those academic advantages, which 1 
 earnestly desired to obtain. The deficiencies of my educa- 
 tion I endeavored to supply, as far as I was able, by my own 
 industry and in these efforts, continued through a course of 
 many years' study, 1 have not been altogether unsuccessful." 
 When stationed at Montreal as a missionary in 1804, he studied 
 Hebrew under a learned Rabbi, acquiring a working know- 
 ledge of the language and later publishing a Hebrew gram- 
 mar. He also became proficient in French, Latin and Greek. 
 
 When Rev. Martin Ruter was elected the first Principal of 
 the New Market, N. H., Academy, of the New England Con- 
 ference in 1818. his advent turned a wave of popularity 
 toward the school, for the example of a sell-made man, assum- 
 ing the leadership of his church's educational interests sug- 
 gested large possibilities to those being favored with better 
 early advantages, in the official councils of the East, he was 
 
 [ 87 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 constantly honored. This young minister of twenty-three was 
 one of the delegates to the General Conference of Methodism 
 in 1808. He served in all the subsequent quadrennial church 
 gatherings until his death, except the Conference of 1828 at 
 Pittsburgh, when he was the chief secretary of the body. 
 Within this period he sat as the representative of the New 
 England, the Ohio, the Kentucky, and the Pittsburgh Annual 
 Conferences. He held committee positions of commanding 
 influence, became the founder of the Western Methodist Book 
 Concern and was supported warmly by his friends in the bal- 
 lotings for the Episcopacy. 
 
 The voice and pen of Dr. Ruter strongly championed 
 popular education. His program included a four-fold educa- 
 tion : domestic, moral, religious and literary. In a public docu- 
 ment he recorded the judgment, that no religions society had 
 done so much in the circulation of books and the general diffu- 
 sion of knowledge as the Methodists, and when they should 
 make similar progress in education of all branches, the de 
 nomination would hold a position of far reaching power. As 
 a contribution to the cause, he prepared text books on arith- 
 metic and a portion of French grammar, an American Primer 
 and the new American Spelling Book and Juvenile Pre- 
 ceptor. During his western residence, he had published ai 
 Cincinnati a History of Martyrs, compiled from the works of 
 Fox and others. His History of the Christian Church, based 
 on Dr. Gregory's writing, but revised witli added chapters, 
 became the text for half a century of the course of study for 
 all Methodist preachers. 
 
 Tailed to the Presidency of Augusta College in 1828, this 
 educational leader had a much broader tield than in the New- 
 Market Academy. Under the patronage of the Kentucky and 
 Ohio Conferences, over one hundred students were enrolled 
 in the collegiate department. Tin 1 standard of instruction 
 was high under members of a Faculty such as J. P. Finley. 
 Dr. .1. P. Durbin. Prof. J. S. Tomlinson and later, Henry 
 Basconi. The number of graduates reached sixteen in 1832, 
 yet the President felt strongly impelled to return to the gospel 
 
 [ s* 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 ministry, for the passion of evangelism was the dominant note 
 in the career of Dr. Kuter. Accordingly, Pittsburgh became 
 the scene of his next labors. His coining was coincident with 
 a marked religions growth in the city and an increase in the 
 number of churches. His pastorate quickly entered into a 
 revival season and 200 accessions were made. 
 
 But the large new enterprise of the Pittsburgh Conference 
 at Meadville was demanding imperiously its big man of the 
 period in Western Pennsylvania, and once more the name 
 and fame of Martin Kuter, D.D., were capitalized for the 
 benefit of his denomination. While lie did not begin adminis- 
 trative work at once, he was sent by the Trustees with Judges 
 Harlow and Shippen to Harrisburg to support the memorial 
 to the Legislature for an appropriation. The Manual Labor 
 proposition had warranted another appeal for State aid. .1. 
 P. Wallace, the Assemblyman from Crawford, fathered the 
 bill on December 7th. A dozen petitions for the relief of Alle- 
 gheny came from the various counties of Northwestern Penn- 
 sylvania, being submitted by the several representatives. 
 
 After a report from the Committee on Education and a 
 session of the Committee of the Whole on the Act, upon the 
 second reading, February 24, the desired appropriation of 
 $3000 yearly was cut to $2000, and finally thus passed by the 
 House on February 20. A separate measure had been pre- 
 sented in the Senate, December 0, by S. Cunningham, of the 
 District of Erie. Crawford and Mercer Comities, but the House 
 Bill was eventually considered April 1. In the Committee 
 of the Whole, after minor changes, the measure passed April 
 2, was accepted by the House in conference and signed by 
 Governor Wolf, April 4. 1834. The State agreed to pay Alle- 
 gheny $8000, in four annual installments of $2000 each, on the 
 condition that equal sums shall be obtained by subscriptions 
 and actually paid into the treasury. The terms for 1834 were 
 reported quickly as fulfilled, since $6000 had been subscribed 
 in eight months on the Bishop Roberts Professorship, and the 
 public money was drawn to meet the mortgage on the college 
 property. 
 
 [ SO ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 The Manual Labor System, which engaged the attention of 
 the Trustees in the opening year of 1833, had a wide vogue in 
 the educational plans of this period in the United States. 
 The Wesleyan Academy at Readfield, Maine, began in 1825 
 to furnish employment daily to its students and gained much 
 fame by the brief success of its experiment. The Andover 
 Theological Seminary introduced the practice and the Quar- 
 terly Register of the American Educational Society in its 
 issues from 1827-31 was the fervent advocate of the system. 
 The editor and secretary. Rev. Elias Cornelius, printed in the 
 pages of this serious journal the thrilling testimonials of 
 scholarly youths, who with "feeble hearts, general debility and 
 great pectoral weakness" had tried the workshops and farms 
 of Andover and been made miraculously well. 
 
 The Oneida Institute of the Methodist Church at Whites- 
 borough. X. Y.. and the Mayville Seminary in Tennessee prac- 
 ticed phases of the scheme. Finally, in 1831, a national society 
 for Promoting Manual Labor in Literary Institutions was 
 organized and the agent. Theodore I). Weld, after extensive 
 travels and correspondence, issued a report of 120 pages. The 
 .Manual Labor School at Germantown was removed in 1832 
 to Easton. Pa., to furnish the nucleus of Lafayette College. 
 A large factor, contributing to the American movement, had 
 been the experiment of Fellenburg. the Swiss educator, at 
 Hopwyl. Accounts by him in the Edinburgh Review of 
 1817-8 brought an international publicity. His theory of 
 manual activity was a necessary complement to the sense per- 
 ception and object teaching of his contemporary, Pestalozzi. 
 
 At such a period of propaganda, the committee 1 of the 
 Allegheny Board, Brunson, Reynolds and Hamilton, named on 
 August 20. 1833, made its investigation. An exhaustive and 
 unique document was prepared and sent broadcast in circular 
 form. It appeared in full, a communication of nearly eight 
 thousand words, in the November issue of Hazard's Register 
 or Pennsylvania, Vol. XII., No. 18. The Methodist Com- 
 mittee gave credit to .John Wesley in his Kingwood Academy 
 for combining useful labor with study. It cited with approval 
 
 [ !><> ]
 
 HISTORY OP ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 the plan of Cokesbury College, 45 years before, with its work- 
 shop and gardens, where the students were required to spend 
 their hours of recreation, instead of in idle play, Allegheny 
 College based its plan on a probable fifty student farmers and 
 fifty mechanics, working three hours a day. The total time 
 of the fifty agriculturists was equated into the labor of fifteen 
 men. employed ten hours daily. To equip this company, the 
 list of supplies cited included a farm of 200 acres at $4000; 
 tenuis and implements, $500; sheep, cows, hogs, and poultry, 
 $300; buildings, $2,000; mechanic shops, with tools and ware- 
 houses, with house of superintendent, $4000; a total of $10,800 
 for the manual labor plant. 
 
 The appeal for funds was based on the benefits the system 
 would confer upon the public and the students. The argu- 
 ment of the committee was quite ingenious. The portion of the 
 public most vitally concerned was said to be the two thousand 
 farmers in Crawford County. Their lack of information, 
 that science could furnish, placed them at a costly disadvan- 
 tage. If each farmer were to be instructed as to the nature of 
 soils, cultivation of crops, and methods of stock raising and 
 fruit growing, he would save $50 yearly, now being lost. There- 
 fore, let each of them give $10 and start the experiment. The 
 College Farm would be a model, viewed by all who came to 
 the county seat. It would have an extensive nursery and 
 stock breeding. It was hoped that students would enroll from 
 all the townships and the benefits be widely extended. The 
 advantages to flow from the mechanical shops would appear 
 in the cheapened articles of convenience and consumption. 
 
 The Manual Labor plan for the students promised to im- 
 prove their health and their morals; also aiding them to meet 
 a pari of the college expenses. The report urged then social 
 reasons for the public support. It said: "The old systems 
 confine the influence of education to the wealthy, tending 
 towards aristocracy. This system opens the door to every 
 member of the community with industry, for the student, who 
 obtains his education in this way, must have genius and enter- 
 prise. Furthermore, learning should not be confined to the 
 
 [ 91 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 professions, for this is anti-republican. The farmer and the 
 mechanic should be learned, for in the Republic every man is 
 eligible to office if qualified for it. Let farmers and mechanics 
 then educate their sons, and though they should hammer the 
 leather like Sherman or handle the type like Franklin, yet 
 being learned, they are qualified for office and may be called 
 by the voice of the people from their domestic employments to 
 guide the helm of State." 
 
 An option on forty acres of land, north of the college, was 
 taken in October, 1833, by Alfred Brunson from Robert Buly. 
 The Trustees assumed the contract on April 1st, 1834. Also an 
 exchange was effected of the tract of ten acres, given by 
 Robert Finney in 1882. for a five-acre lot just north of 
 the gift from Samuel Lord, Esq. The five-acre lot, east of the 
 campus, and belonging to Timothy Alden, was rented, while 
 the barn of the ex-president was used for a carpenter shop. 
 Under necessary limitations, the Manual Labor System was 
 inaugurated this first year. Much of the land of the Buly 
 tract needed to be cleared ; in the other areas, the students 
 were set to work on acre and half-acre plots. 
 
 The lumber was bought for making thirty bedsteads, thirty 
 tables, window frames and sash and panel doors. The 
 brawny seekers after knowledge were also put to making a 
 fence of sound chestnut rails and white oak posts along the 
 front of the ten-acre possessions of the college, and a division 
 fence for the portion to be cultivated. Ira Avery had been 
 made the steward and superintendent of the farm. He lived in 
 the east wing of Bentley and boarded several students. The 
 attendance had grown so steadily that it was a serious prob 
 lem to furnish accommodations. The east basement of the 
 college building was prepared to afford a cooking place for the 
 students, who were boarding themselves. Some were allowed 
 lodging the second session of the first year on the second floor 
 of the Hall, turning Bentley into a dormitory, in accordance 
 with the eighteenth century notion of the purpose of a college 
 structure. 
 
 The citizens of Meadville rejoiced greatly in the steady 
 progress of their institution. Every increase of students was 
 
 r , .- > i
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 warmly applauded, public note being made that Allegheny had 
 risen at once to Hie fourth in the rank of attendance upon 
 Pennsylvania colleges. The plan of conducting term examina- 
 tions before visitors attracted many spectators, and the tirst 
 official exhibition of the Allegheny Literary Society at the 
 Court House, on March 27, 1834, brought an unprecedented 
 company together. The Trustees voiced their approval of the 
 occasion through President Morrison, and the four student 
 orators of the evening seemed little short of prodigies, even to 
 the literati who were present. The Meadville Grays, at the 
 
 Court House 
 
 public dinner on the Fourth of July, through their Lieutenant 
 Perkins, toasted, along with Washington, Lafayette and the 
 Army, Allegheny College, "May it receive the encouragement 
 and support of the people of Western Pennsylvania." 
 
 Dr. Kntcr came to the active presidency of the college in 
 June. His salary was fixed at seven hundred dollars; that of 
 other professors was five hundred. Richard AY. Lauck started 
 as tutor in the preparatory school, W. H. Davis was added in 
 
 r 93 i
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 the second session In July. Ruter, Branson and Barris at- 
 tended the session of the Pittsburgh Conference, held in Wash- 
 ington, as the committee from the Board of Trustees. The 
 report of the results of the Methodist patronage contained 
 abundant incentive to still larger success. The enrollment had 
 reached one hundred, coming from four States. The schol- 
 arship was of a high grade, and the conduct of the students 
 very praiseworthy, almost half of the number making religious 
 profession. 
 
 The first commencement, under the Enter regime, was held 
 in the Court House at nine o'clock on Sept. 25. A procession, 
 with General Dick as marshall and headed by the baud, pre- 
 ceded the exercises. The following program was given by 
 undergraduates as well as candidates for the baccalaureate: 
 
 Salutatory in Latin by James M. Ellis. 
 
 Oration, "The Aborigines of America", by Samuel W. Mc- 
 Clure. 
 
 Oration, ''The Spirit of the Times", by Zelotes Holmes. 
 
 Oration. "The Importance of Established Moral Princi- 
 ples", by "J. P. Holloway. 
 
 Oration, ''American Literature", by William McMichael. 
 
 Oration, "The Manual Labor System", by William H. 
 Davis. 
 
 Oration. "The Existence of God Proven from the Works 
 of Creation", by Philander S. Ruter. 
 
 Valedictory, Thomas Van Home. 
 
 Three Seniors received the degree of Bachelor of Arts, 
 Ellis, Ruter and Van Home. Alfred Branson and Matthew 
 Simpson had conferred upon them the honorary Master of 
 Arts. The latter had been briefly at Madison College, then 
 studied medicine. At the Meadville sessions of the Pittsburgh 
 Conference, in 1833, though absent, he was entered as a 
 preacher on trial. The next year he was assigned to Pitts 
 burgh and contemplated pursuing courses in Allegheny College 
 to gain the degree denied him at Madison. Under these cir- 
 cumstances, Dr. Ruter claimed Rev. Matthew Simpson for Alle- 
 gheny by placing him on its rolls as an A. M. The college a J 
 
 [ 94 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Meadville might happily have taken under its educational aegis 
 other one-time students of the abandoned Madison College. 
 
 The Baccalaureate Address of the President was received 
 with much favor and had wide publicity, being reproduced in 
 the Methodist Quarterly and elsewhere. Two extracts were: 
 
 "Though your pupilage now closes, you scarcely can consider your 
 education as finished. So far from this, it can only be said that you 
 are now prepared to cultivate the sciences by your own skill. The 
 treasures of learning have been spread before you and you have per- 
 ceived that there is an immensity in their resources. The foundation of 
 literary honors and eminent usefulness must be laid in the morning 
 of our days, but the superstructure must not be neglected afterwards. 
 No one was ever born a scholar, nor is it possible to become one with- 
 out mental discipline. Those, who have astonished mankind by their 
 powers, have accomplished their work, not so much by the superiority 
 of natural talents, as by patient attention and persevering industry. 
 The votaries of learning should not only add to their acquirements, but 
 aim at improving the arts and sciences themselves. Shall we be told, 
 that after so many improvements, no room remains for others? This 
 was the cry of the indolent prior to the days' of Bacon, Locke, Newton, 
 Herschel and others. But it is not true. Rivers may dry up, foun- 
 tains may fail, but the sources of useful knowledge can never be ex- 
 hausted. The progress already made affords the best encouragement to 
 the adventurer in the arts, to the searcher after truth, to the lover of 
 learning." 
 
 '"Another matter which should share attention is that of improving 
 the minds of others. We desire that all who go from this college carry a 
 lull notion of the importance of extending the means of education. The 
 diffusion of useful knowledge is indispensable to the preservation of a 
 republican government. We see improvement in the establishment of 
 seminaries and in the modes of instruction. A taste for the sciences is 
 increasing and the advantages to be derived from them are more fully 
 appreciated, yet there is a deficiency in the common English schools of 
 the land and there ought to be prompt correction in every State. The 
 system recently adopted in Pennsylvania promises much good and can- 
 not fail of the blessing of Heaven." 
 
 The address also urged the fostering of general reading by 
 ihe establishment of libraries in towns and villages. Just as 
 Franklin helped to found a library in his adopted city, so the 
 college man should follow his example. If a large collecion of 
 books were not possible, then a few thousand volumes or hun- 
 
 [ 95 ]
 
 HISTORY OP ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 dreds, and in the last resort general reading should be encour- 
 aged by the circulation of tracts and periodicals. The alumni 
 of Allegheny were commissioned ever to be mindful of their 
 responsibility in the work of the moral and mental improve- 
 ment of their fellowmen. "Let useful knowledge be diffused 
 throughout every land." 
 
 1 BBsli'- WiSsE!^ s^T 
 
 m m m 
 
 ilflfli 
 
 - -- ' m..f ."* 
 
 iSPlB 
 
 00 ]
 
 CHAPTER IV 
 
 THE ENDOWMENT CAMPAIGN 
 
 LLEGHENY College had gained 
 an additional and essential asset 
 over its equipment in the tirst 
 epoch of its history. The num- 
 ber of the seekers after know- 
 ledge in the initial year of the 
 second period was highly encour- 
 aging. But in the paramount 
 concern of an educational enterprise, that of annual income 
 and permanent endowmient, was the future of the college 
 equally reassuring? In the Trustees' message of 1834 to the 
 Pittsburgh Conference, the burden w r as frankly placed on the 
 Methodists; "we rely upon the measures you see tit to adopt 
 and upon the liberality of the friends of the college. From the 
 lively interest manifested by so numerous a body of men, hav- 
 ing extensive influence, we think there is no fear that the 
 sums will be not collected to insure the remaining yearly pay- 
 ments of the State donation. We entertain entire confidence 
 in the ability of the Pittsburgh Conference to accomplish all it 
 has undertaken and all that the Institution needs for its per- 
 manent prosperity." 
 
 The two thousand dollars from the Commonwealth, condi- 
 tioned upon a like sum paid over by the friends of the college, 
 was a potent incentive to raise at least that amount each year. 
 But the Conference of 1834 planned larger things. Bishop 
 Soule w'as the presiding Bishop and urged that a dollar sub- 
 scription be taken from every Methodist to provide the yearly 
 installment of the church, then collect notes to finish the ten 
 thousand fund of the Boberts Professorship. Three financial 
 agents w T ere named and the program started, that was to be 
 often repeated, of requesting all the ministers to take offerings 
 for Allegheny within the year. Charles Elliott, of the Coxfer- 
 
 r !>" i
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 exce Journal, supported the college in vigorous editorials. 
 He said : 
 
 "Since Allegheny is under the patronage of the Methodists, there 
 is a moral, if not a legal obligation to maintain the college. The Insti- 
 tution is not designed to make ministers, nor to establish religion among 
 us, nor even to elevate the church. But it does give the Pittsburgh 
 Conference a chance to do its part in the higher branches of educa- 
 tion. .Methodists must foster colleges, so as to preserve its influence in 
 intellectual things. All are concerned, rich and poor, male and female, 
 in advancing Allegheny." 
 
 The second scholastic year of 1 'resident Ruter showed 
 further progress. William M. Burton, an A. B. of Wesleyan, 
 was added to the Faculty as preceptor. The State Legislature 
 gave the use of the arsenal at the bottom of the Hill for the 
 lodging of the students. On the campus, east of Bentiey, was 
 erected a frame dormitory, one story in height, sixty feet in 
 length, with rooms to accommodate a score and more. One of 
 the provisions of the Act of April 5, 1834, required that in 
 return for the State aid, twelve students should annually be 
 educated gratis for teachers of the English language. This 
 attracted naturally those who would take courses mostly in 
 the academic department. 
 
 The instruction of certain persons gratis was a condition 
 imposed by Pennsylvania on several of its colleges and was 
 designed to aid in supplying teachers for the common school 
 system created in 1834. The Allegheny Trustees discharged 
 their obligation faithfully. The regulations were, that the bene- 
 ficiaries have in view teaching as a "future business", that they 
 acknowledge the being of a God and be of good moral char- 
 acter. The candidates were accepted for a term at a time ami 
 must show proficiency in the three R's. 
 
 At this time, the Eunice Day scholarship of 182G was 
 revived, and upon the nomination of Timothy Alden, allotted 
 to William McMichael. 
 
 Others were attracted to Meadville by the possibility of 
 defraying a portion of their expenses while in college. The 
 Manual Labor system was a valuable advertisement. But its 
 administration soon encountered vexatious features. Mater- 
 
 [ 08 1
 
 IIISTOKY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 ials must be provided and a sale of products arranged. One 
 contract called for the making of fanning mills. Three hours 
 of work a day were required. But certain of the laborers 
 conceived exaggerated notions of the worth of their toil. They 
 asked as their pay both board and tuition. When refused, a 
 few malcontents left in high dudgeon to circulate unfavorable 
 reports of the experiment. A more serious matter was the 
 entrance of unskilled and untutored persons, who expected to 
 be taught a trade. 
 
 The Trustees bad to publish the notice, that students who 
 planned to profit by their labor while at Allegheny must have 
 a knowledge of the business they intended to pursue before 
 they came. In addition to work in the shop on the campus, 
 several found employment with the mechanics of the town. 
 There was always a chance to secure work of this sort through 
 the years after the college system was abandoned. In the 
 agricultural division of the Manual Labor plan, the results 
 were disappointing this year and the succeeding one, a much 
 less number of students enlisting here than in the mechanical. 
 The costs of the labor enterprise made a large item in a budget 
 already sadly overdrawn. 
 
 A feature was now stressed that came to be associated in 
 the minds of the authorities as a variation or substitute for 
 the Manual Labor device. This was self boarding by the stu 
 dents. The dormitory and one of the wings of Bentley accom- 
 modated such as prepared their own meals, securing provisions 
 in town or often having supplies sent from their homes. It 
 was estimated that the cost could be held as low as sixty cents 
 a week, while board in a private family ranged from $1.25 to 
 $1.75, "light, fuel and washing not being included/' This 
 frugal figure placed an education in the reach of very many 
 who otherwise would have been denied the privilege. Tuition 
 rates were twenty and sixteen dollars a year in the collegiate 
 and academic departments, with small incidental fees. 
 
 The enrollment of 1831-5 reached 131, drawn from eight 
 States. The type of the early Allegheny student was dis- 
 tinctive. He came largely from the homes of the common 
 people; very often he had reached his majority when be was 
 
 [ '! ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 matriculated. He was ambitious, intensely in earnest, and had 
 generally a fixed goal ahead, after the period of his scholastic 
 training. He was ready to make any self sacrifice to attain 
 his purpose. In these days, Cyrus Xutt, later president of 
 Indiana University, was working his way through college. 
 And, soon, Calvin Kingsley arrived to become the janitor of 
 Bentley Hall, while he was busy shaping the splendid talents 
 which were to bring him to pre-eminent leadership in Metho- 
 dism. Allegheny was freely spoken of as the best place for a 
 man with small means. For sixty or seventy dollars a year, 
 lie was said to be entitled to as much respect and as many 
 advantages as if he was the possessor of his thousands. 
 
 From the many visitors to the college and in the official 
 reports, there was a uniform note of all but extravagant praise 
 of the exemplary conduct and the high character of the studeul 
 body. There were no bickerings or disturbances. Friction 
 with the authorities was practically unknown. While a ma- 
 jority of the students at this time were religious, this by no 
 means meant that the most of them were preparing for the 
 Christian ministry. The contrast of Allegheny with Jefferson 
 College in its earlier years is quite striking, when in the latter 
 institution three-fourths of its graduates became clergymen. 
 
 The success of the college was ascribed as due in no small 
 measure to the Faculty. The stated public examinations gave 
 the community strong evidence of their ability to instruct. 
 They held positions of commanding influence and esteem in 
 the minds of their fellow citizens. They were especially com- 
 mended for their industry and their strict attention to their 
 work. In fact, the Trustees complained that the small teach- 
 ing force had to labor too hard, and was denied any chance to 
 visit patronizing communities and extend the influence of the 
 institution. President Ruter was a universial favorite. The 
 Fourth of duly toast of the young men of the borough was to 
 Allegheny College, with the sentiment, "May the able ami wise 
 manner in winch it is conducted awaken feelings of gratitude 
 and respect in the hearts of the lovers of education." The 
 cordial relations with other religious denominations of Mead 
 ville was evidenced in September, 1835, by the conferring of 
 
 [ 100 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 the honorary degree of Master of Arts upon Rev. Nathaniel 
 West, of the Presbyterian Church, and Rev. Thomas Crompton, 
 of the Protestant Episcopal. There were four Seniors to 
 receive their Baccalaureate: George W. Clarke, twenty years a 
 professor in the college; William H. Davis, long an able 
 lawyer; William McMichael and O. A. Zane. Commence- 
 ment Day was always a gala affair. The exercises were held in 
 the brick Presbyterian Church. 
 
 The Brick Church 
 
 A procession formed in front of Bentley at !) a. in. Some 
 local military celebrity would be at its head, escorted by the 
 brass band of the town. Then Trustees, Faculty, Seniors, 
 undergraduates and visitors came with conscious dignity, 
 winding down the half mile from the Hill to the appointed 
 place. In the earlier years when the town did nor extend 
 beyond North Street, it was a literal return to the habitations 
 of men. For the entire day the college held the public atten 
 tion; in the morning, with the graduating ceremonies; in the 
 
 [ 101 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 afternoon with an address before the two literary societies 
 and their friends. 
 
 Dr. Knter, Branson and Barris again represented the Board 
 at the 1835 session of the Pittsburgh Conference. The Roberts 
 Professorship had not been subscribed in full, but a second 
 endowment of 810,000, for a professorship to be named the 
 Asbury, was urged. An effort was made to have the subscrip- 
 tions made in 1830-1 to the Conference endowment of Madison 
 College diverted to Allegheny. But when the terms could not 
 be adjusted, it was voted to release all parties from any further 
 payment of pledges to the school abandoned at Uniontown. 
 Charles Elliott was the chairman of the committee on educa- 
 tion, which had the Conference adopt an earnest request that 
 Dr. Ruter continue as President of the college. He had been 
 invited to return to the head of Augusta College. Later he 
 was also asked to take the Presidency of La Grange College, 
 Alabama, and corresponded with Rev. Matthew Simpson to 
 learn if the young preacher would accompany him as a pro- 
 fessor. 
 
 The Board of Trustees sent to the meeting at Pittsburgh 
 a remarkable address, exemplifying the fidelity of the man 
 agement of Allegheny to the original purposes and traditions 
 of the institution. In its optimism and vision, it was worthy 
 of Timothy Alden in his loftiest utterances. The message ran : 
 
 "For our mutual encouragement and as a stimulant to continued 
 action, survey the ground we occupy and contemplate the duties de- 
 volving upon us in consequence. We live in the soul-stirring nineteenth 
 century, and in a country whose liberal religious and civil systems seem 
 destined in the Providence of God as models for the rest of the world. 
 
 Consider our local situation at the head of the great Ohio and 
 .Mississippi Valleys, in a district whose population is fast increasing in 
 numbers and intelligence. This district has already begun to send forth 
 in the tide of emigration, moving towards the far west, colonies to 
 settle other regions and enterprising individuals to explore and transact 
 the business of other countries. 
 
 They should go forth with the benefits of education and through 
 them this Institution might radiate other and more distant climes than 
 we now occupy. Also, consider the importance of education to coun- 
 teract the designs of foreign potentates on the civil and religious insti- 
 tutions of our beloved country. We must supply in America the 
 
 [ 102 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 church with an enlightened ministry, the forum and the senate with 
 learned counsellors, the schools with competent teachers, the town and 
 country with erudite physicians, merchants, mechanics and farmers. In 
 a held already white to the harvest, no time is to be lost, if we do the 
 work Heaven has assigned us as our part towards the education of 
 mankind." 
 
 The third year of the regime of Dr. Ruter was marked by 
 his absence for two months at the Methodist General Confer- 
 ence in Cincinnati. The President, while giving his best ener- 
 gies to the college, maintained a keen interest in the affairs of 
 the church he had long zealously served. An insight into his 
 state of mind is afforded by an extract from the brief auto- 
 biography he penned while in Meadville in 1885 : "I am now 
 at the college, where I must remain for a season, perhaps two 
 or three years, until the institution shall have acquired a 
 degree of prosperity and permanency sufficient to secure its 
 usefulness. As soon as that shall be accomplished, it is my 
 earnest desire, and I hope I shall be permitted, to retire from 
 Meadville and enter on duties in which I may be equally useful, 
 and enjoy more extensively the comforts of Divine grace." 
 
 In the operation of the common school system of Pennsyl- 
 vania, authorized in 1834, the state superintendent called for 
 annual reports from the colleges receiving public aid. The 
 statement of Allegheny, in 1836, showed one hundred and 
 twenty students enrolled, forty-four having entered. Thirty- 
 live were preparing to teach. A comparison with Dickinson 
 College, then having one hundred in attendance, is interesting. 
 The valuation of the Allegheny property, including the library, 
 at |21,000, was $46,800, while that of Dickinson was $40,000. 
 The total expenditures of Allegheny were $2500, of Dickinson, 
 $8000; the debt of the former, $3800; of the latter, $15,000. 
 
 The college continued to ask for larger gifts from the state 
 The influential friend of former years, Thomas Atkinson, sup- 
 ported in the lower house at Harrisburg in March a bill appro 
 priating $200,000 to the colleges, the proposed allotment to 
 Allegheny being $25,000. The Board of Trustees memorialized 
 the United States Congress to devote federal lands to educa- 
 tion, and Senator James Buchanan was intrusted with the 
 
 [ 103 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 petition. The progress of the college brought some increase in 
 the modest salaries of the professors and James Reynolds was 
 added as tutor. William Burton was advanced to the chair of 
 languages, when Augustus W. Ruter was made professor of 
 moral science, the position held by his father, who became pro 
 fessor of oriental languages and belle-lettres in addition to his 
 executive duties. 
 
 Rev. Alfred Brunson. D. D. 
 
 The summer of ISoO brought the removal of the Rev. Alfred 
 Brunson, who had been the leading man of the new group 
 introduced into the Hoard in ls::>. He was ;i typical example 
 of intrepid circuit rider and religions pioneer, lie preached 
 first in Meadville in ltfli) and w;is very fond of the place, call- 
 ing it the "Athens" of Northwestern Pennsylvania. He was 
 
 I KH 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 an anient controversialist and engaged in set debates with 
 various denominational champions. 
 
 Writing against the secession of 1829, that culminated in 
 
 the Methodist Protestant Church, Brunson gained national 
 fame as "Silas Hopewell". He was an aggressive advocate of 
 education and Allegheny owes him much for his unsparing- 
 services in the business administration of the college, while he 
 was in Meadville. He served the community by organizing the 
 first Lyceum. An appointment as missionary to the Northwest 
 caused him in dune to take a flat boat at Meadville, with his 
 family, for a twenty-five-hundred-mile voyage on French Creek, 
 ihe Allegheny, the Ohio and the Mississippi for the Indian 
 country. 
 
 The period for Meadville was one of steady growth. The 
 population of the borough approached two thousand. The 
 county almost doubled its number in the decade, becoming 
 entitled to two representatives in the State Assembly. Emi- 
 grants were attracted by the excellent, cheap lands. Trade by 
 water greatly increased and the Erie portion of the canal was 
 building. There was competition in stage coach lines and a 
 better mail service. Various conventions were held to secure 
 railroads for the region. All visitors commented on the beauty 
 of the town. "White dwellings shaded with a profusion of 
 green trees and glittering cupolas of the public buildings made 
 a lovely scene." 
 
 And crowning it all, overlooking "the little vale and the 
 crystal stream," stood Allegheny. To this pleasant site of the 
 college, on Aug. IT, 1836, came some ninety Methodist preach- 
 ers, who, under the presidency of Bishop Soule, organized the 
 Erie Conference, out of the northern area of the Pittsburgh 
 Conference. Dr. Martin Ruter served as secretary of the body. 
 The students of the college rendered an impressive program 
 before the clergy visiting them at Bentley. The incident was 
 in eloquent contrast to the inspection of the church authorities 
 three years previous, when only empty halls greeted the vis- 
 itors. That the initial session of the new conference should 
 be held in Meadville was highly appropriate, for the organiza- 
 
 [ 105 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 tion. by its proximity to the college, has ever given Allegheny 
 a loyal support. 
 
 The financial reports of the Trustees to the two patroniz- 
 ing bodies this year gave a review of the trienniuni. It set 
 lor Th how Bentley had been completed and transformed from 
 a bare, unfurnished structure. The inherited debt of six 
 thousand dollars had been reduced by half. While the sub- 
 scriptions to the Roberts Professorship were now complete, the 
 need of larger resources had not abated. The Board had con- 
 sidered the erection of a library building, but the cost was then 
 prohibitive. The conferences were asked to push the endow- 
 ment of another professorial chair. Additional aid was anti- 
 cipated from the State, the request being for >520,000. 
 
 The third commencement of Dr. Ruter had but a single 
 graduate, Cyrus Nutt, who, however, was a host in himself and 
 <of brilliant promise. He was at once made a tutor. The spirit 
 of the day was reflected in an address on ''The Cause of the 
 Texians", made by a member of the Junior Class, F. H. Pier- 
 pont, future Governor of West Virginia. At this time. Pro- 
 fessor Augustus Ruter resigned his new position in moral sci- 
 ence to go to Indiana University. 
 
 The President, for all his usual optimism, now sounded a 
 new note in his public utterances. He said, while Allegheny 
 was prospering, it had not been successful to the extent some 
 expected. He had begged for enlarging support from the 
 friends of the institution. Most of the gifts made were in sub- 
 scriptions yet to be collected, the donors paying interest on 
 their obligations. Whether if was the survival of that early 
 disinclination of the Methodists to emphasize the importance 
 of literary attainments or because the great majority of the 
 members were persons of small means, the church was difficult 
 to arouse to sustain its educational enterprises. The manual 
 labor system on the agricultural side was resulting unfav- 
 orably, and purchasers for the college acres were sought. 
 
 Dr. Ruter continued fertile in plans. One of his tirst ambi- 
 tions had been to secure the Rev. Matthew Simpson, M. D.. as 
 a member of his Faculty. He had learned his worth, while they 
 served as pastors in Pittsburgh. In October, 1834, he was 
 
 [ tor, ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 asked to come to Meadville as the professor of chemistry and 
 natural sciences, to receive a partial salary and depend for the 
 remainder upon his lancet. Dr. Ruter thought there would be 
 plenty of business in the town for the young physician-min- 
 ister, as there was no Methodist doctor living there. Though 
 this opportunity was not accepted, again on March 17. ls:;T. 
 Matthew Simpson was extended an invitation by the Trustees 
 to become the professor of natural science at a salary of five 
 hundred dollars. The pastorate near Pittsburgh was resigned 
 and the new science professor began his duties May first. 
 
 The President placed special emphasis upon the religious 
 life of the college. Crawford County yet maintained its repute 
 as a place of notable camp meetings. Dr. Ruter in his first 
 year addressed on a Sabbath a throng of five thousand on the 
 grounds, six miles west of Meadville. There were ingatherings 
 of the students at the revivals each year in the town, the 
 Faculty taking a leading part in the meetings. The professors 
 of Allegheny all through the years had a keen interest in all 
 that touched the student life and their association with it was 
 intimate and stimulating. The cordiality of their mutual rela- 
 tions was a matter of comment by many persons. 
 
 The second executive of the college was especially gifted 
 with social graces. He had an attractive bearing and was 
 very affable in conversation, [n informal companies, his wide 
 information and fluent speech made him a natural leader. In 
 personal character. Dr. Ruter was a man of rare integrity. 
 The friend of his youth, Bishop Hedding, could say of him, 
 "that in all the years of intimate association with him, he 
 never knew nor heard of his being guilty of a mean action ov 
 imprudent deed." Such was the personality set before the 
 youth of Allegheny. The truest education includes character 
 as fully as culture. That Dr. Ruter should be an itinerant 
 preacher rather than a college president, that he should stress 
 religion more than literature, can be explained by the master 
 motive of his life, the passion for evangelization. 
 
 While at the General Conference of 1836, Dr. Ruter had 
 gone before the Missionary Society to urge the claims of the 
 new republic of Texas upon the Methodist Church. This land 
 
 [ 107 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 was largely occupied not by heathen people, but persons from 
 the United States, who had been reared under an evangelical 
 ministry and were then outside of any religious communion. 
 The President of Allegheny believed so intensely in the need 
 of a mission in the Southwest that he volunteered to go him- 
 self. At this time, however, such a visitation was deemed 
 premature, and only after the Texas constitution was adopted 
 in April, 1837, did Bishop Hedding make the appointment of 
 Martin Ruter to the superintendency of the Texas mission. 
 
 The second President of the college took the step on June 
 21. 1837, that he had kept in view from the beginning of his 
 administration, that of resigning after a season. The Board of 
 Trustees accepted his decision with reluctance. It felt that as 
 few changes as possible should be made while the college was 
 being satisfactorily managed. But now it dared throw no 
 obstacle in the way of the devotion and self-sacrifice of the 
 Apostle to Texas. The Board appointed Dr. Ruter to repre- 
 sent it at the July session of the Pittsburgh Conference. 
 
 He rendered an account of his stewardship at Allegheny in 
 the Conference Journal of July 13. 1837: 
 
 "It is now four years since the Conference entered into an agree- 
 ment with the Trustees to patronize the college and place it, as far as 
 practicable, in successful operation, taking measures for securing funds 
 with a view to its permanent prosperity. The result of this agreement 
 is apparent in the success that has followed. Perhaps no seminary of 
 learning has advanced more rapidly than this has since that time. 1 
 disregarded my own inclinations in 183 3 and accepted the appoint- 
 ment as its head. 
 
 I have done the utmost in my power to secure the success of the 
 institution, keeping in view the entire interests of all its departments 
 and the welfare of the students. But it has been my uniform intention 
 to labor in a different sphere of usefulness, whenever I could retire 
 from the college without any injury to its interests. Believing 1 can 
 now do this, and finding a door opened for me in other labors probablv 
 as useful to the church as any I could undertake, it seems expedient that 
 1 should follow the leadings of Providence." 
 
 The contemporary praise of the work done by Dr. Ruter 
 was unstinted, yet all recognized the financial limitations he 
 had faced. Because of his ripe experience as an educator, ids 
 regime has been potent in fixing the standards which guided 
 
 [ 108 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 the college in succeeding administrations. His Pittsburgh 
 brethren testified, "that he had been placed in the responsible 
 .situation of* presiding over the destinies of Allegheny at a time 
 when success in the undertaking was doubtful, but through 
 every embarrassment he had conducted his high trust with dis- 
 tinction and resigned his post only when the persevering 
 efforts of friends were required to render permanent success 
 certain." At the port of Mead in July a large company of 
 citizens and students gathered to bid farewell to the mis- 
 sionary and his family. Hymns were sung and prayers offered, 
 while all the community joined in a fervent wish for a rich 
 reward to this man of God in his courageous enterprise. A 
 flat boat had been prepared and by this means, similar to that 
 of the coming of Timothy Alden in 1815, Dr. Kuter took his 
 wife, children and possessions to New Albany, Ind. ^He was 
 not able to reach his field of labor until November, but by 
 heroic and herculean endeavors, in five months he laid the 
 foundations of Methodism in Texas. 
 
 He traveled thousands of miles upon horseback, visited 
 scores of settlements and organized churches, finally com- 
 pleting plans for a college to be named later Ruterville, now 
 continued in Southwestern University. But the zeal of this 
 apostle literally devoured him ; the needs of the land were so 
 urgent that he poured out his life in a mighty ministry to 
 bring immediate evangelization. His exposure in his work 
 resulted in his death, May 16, 1838. The news of Dr. Ruter 
 being stricken at his post of duty caused profound grief 
 throughout Methodism. In the Boston memorial service of :he 
 New England Conference, he was honored as a missionary 
 hero, along with Melville Cox, who had died for Africa, and 
 Bishop Coke, closing his career on the voyage to Ceylon. 
 
 Allegheny College joined with deep feeling in the general 
 mourning. A student committee consisting of Jonathan 
 Hamnett, Gordon Battelle and Moses Crow names of future 
 distinction among the alumni, presented resolutions in chapel, 
 testifying to the appreciation of the permanent work wrought 
 by the former President of Allegheny. At the student request. 
 President Homer J. Clark preached a memorial sermon on July 
 
 [ 10D ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 21 from the text in Isa. 62:1, "For Jeru- 
 salem's sake I will not rest until the 
 righteousness thereof go forth as bright- 
 ness.'' The address closed with an appeal, 
 "Who of the young men are willing to 
 tread in the footsteps of Ruter. to de- 
 vote their ardor and strength to the 
 Christian ministry? Who will go and 
 supply his place in the missionary 
 field?" On Dec. 3, 1901, the Methodists 
 of the North and South united in dedi- 
 cating a monument at Navasota, Texas, 
 to his memory, replacing the earlier 
 memorial. The simple inscription it 
 bears reads: ''Ruter, an honored 
 preacher, author, teacher and founder 
 of the Western Book Concern of the M. 
 E. Church." 
 
 The transition to a new administration at Allegheny was 
 made instantly and smoothly. Rev. Homer J. (Mark, the Vice- 
 President, was elected by the Trustees as the third executive 
 of the college the day of the resignation of Dr. Ruter. Many 
 of the duties of the office had fallen upon him previously in the 
 absence of liis superior. Although lie had come to Meadville 
 when but thirty years of age, he quickly gained general esteem 
 for his devotion to his labors, his skillful leadership of youth 
 and his sound judgment. 
 
 The zeal of the professor for education had attracted atten- 
 tion lately because of a notable address delivered in 1836, 
 which was put in pamphlet form and widely circulated in 
 Western Pennsylvania and its borders. He said, "there is a 
 two-fold end of education, to cultivate the natural abilities 
 and to direct moral activities. It is of great utility to the 
 church. It defends the church against the attacks of infi- 
 delity: it also makes a more effective ministry. The notion 
 that ignorance is a source of devotion is a fallacy. The church 
 is not unfriendly to learning, for education is second only to 
 religion in promoting the welfare of men. Hence there should 
 
 [ no l
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 be the hearty co-operation of the church. Let it pray and work 
 for the advance of education." 
 
 The same address had a strong plea for the education of 
 women, a policy not to be adopted in Allegheny for many 
 
 years : 
 
 "The necessary training of the future mothers, the universal 
 instructors of the human race, is nowhere made the object of State 
 policy. It is now hailed as an omen favorable to the future prosperity 
 of the church and the world, that female education is beginning to 
 excite more general attention. The prevailing systems are defective; 
 more attention should be given to intellectual and moral cultivation 
 and less to puerile accomplishments calculated for display. The female- 
 mind is as capable of improving its advantages as the male. There is 
 no sex in mind. The female intellect has never failed to vindicate 
 itself from every disparaging imputation." 
 
 The Rev. H. J. Clark was well trained for the large respon- 
 sibilities now placed upon him. Born in Mount Holly, Yt., he 
 had removed while a youth to Ohio. Becoming a Methodist, he 
 was licensed to exhort and to preach yet in his teens. For one 
 year he was a member on trial of the Ohio Conference, but was 
 discontinued in 1825 to go to college. He was resolved to lay 
 thorough foundations for his career as a minister. His father 
 at Portage, now Barberton, gave him a colt, with saddle, bridle 
 and saddle-bags and five dollars, and the ambitious student 
 rode away to Athens to enter the Ohio University. The 
 struggle to support himself for the four years was successfully 
 waged and young Clark was graduated with honors in 182!). 
 
 His record in scholarship and Christian character won 
 him an invitation to become an instructor in the university. 
 In the religious life of the students, lie took a leading part, 
 especially in the services which resulted in E. R. Ames, after- 
 wards Bishop, and Dr. -I. M. Trimble being added to the 
 church. When an assistant pastor was needed in the critical 
 situation at Pittsburgh, Bishop McKendree selected the man 
 fresh from college as peculiarly adapted. The movement to 
 the Methodist Protestant Church had eidisted some of the 
 strong clergy and laity of the older denominations. At once 
 II. J. Clark came to fame in the city as an eloquent divine. 
 
 [ HI ]
 
 President Homer J. Clark, 1837-47
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Many of his sermons were delivered in the court house and 
 were said to have established a new standard of excellence in 
 preaching. 
 
 The two years' connection at Unioutown with Madison Col- 
 lege supplied valuable experience for his succeeding educa- 
 tional activities. In 1833, he was appointed pastor of the 
 Meadville congregation. His alma mater gave him the Master 
 of Arts degree in 183.*> and Transylvania University honored 
 him with the Doctorate of Divinity in 1837. The president 
 was a constant reader and student. He was a man of meth- 
 odical habits. His often expressed ambition was to redeem 
 the time. Close association with Dr. Martin Ruter likely 
 accentuated this purpose. He endeavored to spend each day 
 after a definite plan. His diary has frequent entries of "Rules 
 for the day." 
 
 The program of Dr. Payson was adopted for a season : six 
 hours for sleep, Tuesday a day of fasting and prayer. Scripture 
 reading and prayer each morning and evening. The schedule 
 of President Clark was to rise at four o'clock in winter and at 
 five in summer, retiring at nine thirty. Spiritual exercises 
 seem seldom to have been neglected. In connection with his 
 college duties, there is frequent mention of hours spent upon 
 conic sections, spherical trigonometry, natural philosophy and 
 international law. The last action of the day was to review 
 the preceding hours and record the successes and lapses from 
 his high ideals. 
 
 Dr. Clark received excellent support as he began his admin- 
 istration. Professor Matthew Simpson was made Vice-Presi- 
 dent of the college. William M. Burton succeeded to the chair 
 of mathematics and George W. Clarke, '35, became the pro- 
 fessor of Greek and Latin languages. The first printed cata- 
 logue, a pamphlet of eighteen pages, was now issued. The 
 total attendance had reached one hundred and forty-six, with 
 a healthy growth in the college classes. The prospect was 
 excellent that the preparatory department would soon be much 
 outnumbered. Six graduates received their diplomas in Sep- 
 tember, William Reynolds of Meadville being one of the class. 
 
 The Pittsburgh and Erie Conferences, in the sessions of 
 
 [ 113 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 1837. expressed keen approbation of the conditions in Alle- 
 gheny. It was declared that no college had ever been made to 
 do so much with such limited means. The annual expenditures 
 were $21:00. From tuition there was received $14:00. Almost 
 half the student body was using scholarships. These instru- 
 ments had been largely issued simply upon subscription of the 
 amount of the face of the note. There was frequent urging 
 that the sums pledged be collected. The yearly deficit of $1000 
 had to be met by the agents named by the Conferences solicit- 
 ing new gifts. A sanguine estimate was voiced that an active 
 campaign would yield sufficient funds within three years to 
 make the institution self supporting. 
 
 The Board of Trustees presented formal resolutions in 
 August that the Methodists had fulfilled all expectations in 
 raising money and in patronage according to the agreement 
 of 1833. But this action must be viewed in the light of the 
 fact that financial relations between the Board and the eccle- 
 siastical bodies had not yet been fully adjusted and more 
 accurate accounting on the part of the Trustees was being 
 asked at this time. The ambitions of the college for better 
 equipment incited to a wider financial effort than for endow- 
 ment funds alone. Judge Charles Shaler, of Pittsburgh, who 
 had addressed the literary societies at Dr. Clark's first com- 
 mencement, made an appeal in the public prints for dormi- 
 tories, a commons hall, houses for the professors and especially 
 a chapel. 
 
 But strong hopes now arose of a new appropriation by 
 the State and a petition for aid was prepared by the Board in 
 November. The report of Superintendent T. H. Bnrrowes, of 
 the common schools of Pennsylvania for 1837, favored Alle- 
 gheny stoutly. He said, "the location of the college places it 
 among the most important in the State. All the northwestern 
 part of the Commonwealth can more conveniently send to 
 Allegheny than any other institution, which renders it essen- 
 tial that it should be furnished with the necessary advantages. 
 One additional professor is immediately needed and the library, 
 extensive and valuable as it is, requires the addition of a few 
 
 [ 114 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 hundred volumes of modern and recent productions to bring it 
 in line with the present state of literature." 
 
 Pennsylvania was striving to mature its educational pro 
 gram. The additional school law of 1836 had been accepted in 
 an increasing number of districts. In the distribution of 
 United States surplus of 1837, $2,867,000 was allotted to the 
 Keystone State and a portion of this sum was made available 
 for education. Mr. Burrowes was an able champion and a 
 worthy executive in the organization of popular instruction. 
 His policy for primary, secondary and higher education was 
 sound and thorough. In his statement to the Senate in Feb. 
 19, 1838, he declared: 
 
 "We are an ignorant people, but we know our deficiencies and are 
 going after more than the mere rudiments of learning. Our ambition 
 is that of a people who have no lower orders of society. There must 
 be secondary schools formed within every six miles of each other. 
 Then we must have teachers' institutes or practical colleges, for the 
 improvement of teachers is the great need of the time. 
 
 The colleges of Pennsylvania, after struggling for years against 
 adverse circumstances, are about to be sustained and raised by the 
 State to that standing which their own merits and our honor require. 
 It is the height of injustice now for the sake of mere temporary con- 
 siderations to clog them with what does not properly pertain to their 
 design. A college is chartered for instruction in the liberal arts and 
 sciences. All who enter should be on a footing of equality, and have 
 the same high object in view. If some of the students are only candi- 
 dates for teaching, they will be discriminated against inevitably. 
 
 Let the State aid the colleges unconditionally and not exact a cer- 
 tain amount of service, which is without their proper sphere. If to 
 each institution with four professors and one hundred actual attendance 
 in the collegiate department one thousand dollars a year is given, it will 
 require eight thousand, for there are eight tolerably strong colleges. 
 Let there be a further fund of seven thousand to be distributed to those 
 above the minimum requirement, in proportion to their excess. The 
 effect will be most happy. Pennsylvania, that spends annually her 
 millions on internal improvements, is asked for a small fractional part 
 of that to complete her system of education." 
 
 This exhortation to action was not in vain. Other favor- 
 able influences at the time were at work. The superintendent's 
 scheme of standardization was accepted in the Act of April 
 12, 1838, and the beneficiaries named were Dickinson, Jeffer- 
 
 [ 115 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 son. Washington. Allegheny. Madison, Marshall, Lafayette and 
 Pennsylvania Colleges, each of which was to receive one thou- 
 sand dollars annually for a period of ten years, if it fulfilled 
 the numerical conditions. 
 
 The State appropriation would seem to promise security 
 for the immediate future of Allegheny, since the yearly deficit 
 had been running one thousand dollars. But the spirit of the 
 third President showed itself, as he tried to employ the good 
 fortune of the college as a basis for an aggressive advance 
 financially. On May 16, 1838, he issued an appeal to the Pitts- 
 burgh and Erie Conferences to prepare for a campaign to 
 secure an adequate endowment. The examples were cited of 
 the eastern conferences, deciding upon 100,000 for Dickinson, 
 and the Indiana Methodists working for a similar amount for 
 Asbury College. A sum of this size constituted the permanent 
 funds of Western Reserve. Dr. Clark said he would alarm tiis 
 brethren if he should state that the success of Allegheny 
 depended upon raising 100,000. 
 
 The address ended in a call for at least 20,000, as a third 
 professorship was desirable. The friends of the college were 
 exhorted to get to work, for the State had divided with them 
 the burden and had a right to expect them to complete the 
 raising of the funds. Moreover, the competition of other insti- 
 tutions compelled a better equipment, if the advantages of the 
 past were to be retained. The panic of 1837 had brought a 
 situation not favorable to money raising. Yet the progress 
 toward better things had been modest and withal so steady, 
 that the patrons were not aroused by President Clark in this 
 year to any heroic endeavor. 
 
 The two supporting Methodist bodies took peculiar pride 
 in their official utterances over the review of their stewardship 
 of five years, A debt of nearly five thousand dollars had been 
 assumed in is:>:> and of a like amount needed to furnish Bentley 
 Hall ami make repairs. The thirty-two hundred dollars, which 
 had been voted in 1S.'51 by the Board to pay Timothy Alden at 
 some indefinite time, without interest, was commuted by 
 mutual agreement into two thousand dollars to be discharged 
 in live yearly payments. The management could justly rejoice 1 
 
 f 110 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 that the obligations of the college were in 1S3S reduce*! to lees 
 than one thousand dollars. The Pittsburgh Conference had 
 collected in net cash #41(50, the Erie Conference a lesser sum. 
 Subscriptions yet to be paid were respectively five and ten 
 thousand dollars. 
 
 Sixty foolscap pages of statistics revealed the careful ae- 
 counting system of the Trustees. The balance sheet recorded 
 total receipts of $23,386 from all sources in the five years. The 
 main items of expense were: salaries $8704, agents' salaries 
 $3801, labor and lumber $3773, debt of David Dick $2111, furni- 
 ture Silt;:!, debt of Rev. Timothy Alden #1442. debt of Kev. 
 David McKinney of 1829, $220. 
 
 The Pittsburgh Conference Committee on Education ob- 
 served that colleges without endowment can be sustained only 
 by high tuition and large enrollment. If Allegheny doubled its 
 rate of charges, it would exclude the poor students. Therefore, 
 the remedy was to double the attendance. Three hints were 
 spoken to the preachers: help the college funds, get students 
 and pray. The collegiate department in 1838 aggregated more 
 than one hundred, the first time in Allegheny's history, and 
 thus the conditions were met for receiving the State aid. 
 
 In the matter of the curriculum the friends of Allegheny 
 declared their purpose to have the course of instruction as 
 extensive as in any western institution. Letters and science 
 were adequately included in the original plan of the college, 
 lust as Dr. Coates held the chair of natural philosophy and 
 chemistry in the Alden period, also it was the desire of the 
 (Mark regime to lay especial stress upon science. The start had 
 been made under the guidance of Matthew Simpson. He has 
 recorded that when he entered upon his duties in May, 1837, 
 he had the use of a "handsome apparatus". 
 
 Joseph Tingley, who was a student at Meadville in 1840, 
 wrote: "I was shown the large electrical machine which he 
 had reconstructed and used in his teaching. Professor Simp- 
 son had found much of the laboratory equipment in bad con- 
 dition, but he repaired and supplemented it so effectively as to 
 gain the reputation of being a remarkably ingenious scientist." 
 
 [ 117 ]
 
 HISTORY OP" ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Among the other duties of this instructor in chemistry was the 
 conducting of classes in navigation and surveying. 
 
 An extraordinary demand had arisen for civil engineers be- 
 cause of the extensive construction of public works in Pennsyl- 
 vania and elsewhere. To assist in meeting this need, Allegheny 
 created the professorship of civil engineering and called to it, 
 April 12, 1S3S, R. T. P. Allen, a West Pointer. He was em- 
 ployed by the United States Government as superintendent of 
 the harbor improvements at Erie and could not be released for 
 a year. But his coming was widely heralded and young men 
 had the attractive prospect of entering into lucrative posi- 
 tions after a period of two years' training, preceded by the 
 mathematical course. 
 
 Field practice was given from May to September. The 
 necessary equipment in instruments was secured by the college 
 and the course was pursued with thoroughness and enthusiasm. 
 Extra fees were charged in the department and appropriated 
 to the instruction. The attendance grew until the salary of 
 the professor reached one thousand dollars. He was not only 
 an able teacher but a man of much influence outside of the 
 class room. He had been licensed to preach by the Methodist 
 Church before he came to Meadville, and in 1841 he was ad- 
 mitted on trial in the Erie Conference. 
 
 A scientific course of study was adopted Feb. 24, 1S40, and 
 the degree of Bachelor of Science created. The philosophy of 
 education at Allegheny was thus expressed : 
 
 "In conducting the youthful mind over the held of science, it is 
 designed to bring all the faculties into exercise in the natural order of 
 their development and to preserve that proportion between the culture 
 of each, which will produce a proper symmetry and balance of char- 
 acter. The object of the collegiate instruction is not to complete 
 either a practical or professional education. Its aim is by discipline and 
 cultivation to bring out every power of mind in its fullest and fairest 
 proportions. Such an education is the best preparation for studying any 
 of the learned professions or entering the higher departments of busi- 
 ness." 
 
 Another scholastic advance in the administration of Dr. 
 Clark was the selection of native teachers for the modern 
 languages. Charles H. Doering took charge of the French and 
 
 [ us ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 German in 1838. He was succeeded in 1842 by P. A. (Jollier. 
 The President of the college also became interested in the 
 Meadville Female Seminary, and for a while Mrs. (Mark acted 
 as the "governess". The school was housed in the well-known 
 Torbett's Hotel, on French Creek, at the corner of Chestnut 
 and Water Streets. 
 
 The year of 1S80 held the record for attendance in the colle- 
 giate department during several decades. Of the enrollment of 
 one hundred and thirty-nine, there were seventy-seven Fresh- 
 men. In the graduating class of ten members was Jonathan 
 Hamnett, who had come from Pittsburgh on foot to enter col- 
 lege in 18o0, catching his first glimpse of Bent ley from Ken- 
 nedy Hill across the valley. His classmate was F. II. Pier- 
 pont, later the first governor of West Virginia. A member of 
 the Sophomore Class was Calvin Kingsley, already a leader 
 among his fellows, supporting himself by working in Bentley 
 and cutting wood in adjacent forests. 
 
 President Clark, in a report to the State, spoke thus of the 
 relations of instructors and students : "The intercourse is 
 more frequent than it can possibly be when the number en- 
 rolled is triple what ours is. The student is met at the 
 threshold of his college life by those who welcome him to it and 
 promise to do all in their power to make his progress pleasant 
 and sure. He is a welcome guest at our firesides and the rela- 
 tion in which we hold him is that not of a gentleman alone, but 
 also a friend. We endeavor to evince to him how deeply we 
 sympathize in all that relates to his present and future well- 
 being. 
 
 "Such discipline might to some appear to be characterized 
 by imbecility and fitted rather for the guidance of the virtuous 
 than the correction of the vicious. We trust this institution 
 will never be regarded even by its enemies, if any there are, 
 as a house of refuge for the incorrigible. If we know of any 
 student of this sort, we do not vainly attempt to reform, but 
 exclude him at once from the college. To act virtuously, there 
 must be freedom of action. Truth and duty are pursued for 
 their own sake and in obedience to a law more obligatory in its 
 
 [ H!) ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 sanctions than that we prescribe. The existence of the college 
 in the town is looked upon kindly and the students received 
 into society freely. The relations between them and the citi- 
 zens generally are amicable and the college intimacy often 
 ripens into friendship." 
 
 With all the internal harmony and prosperity, the financial 
 clouds had not been dissipated. The expenditures were in- 
 creasing with the mounting numbers in the classes and the 
 larger Faculty. The equipment of the engineering department 
 had entailed an outlay of several hundred dollars. This year 
 in the history of Methodism seemed opportune to launch a 
 renewed and enlarged effort to create an endowment for Alle- 
 gheny College. 
 
 It was the centenary of the formation of classes by John 
 Wesley in London, and the connection in Europe and America 
 decided to celebrate the anniversary by making large donations 
 to various benevolent objects. The Pittsburgh and Erie Con- 
 ferences voted to appropriate one-half of the collections in all 
 the churches to "liberal education", while the other half went 
 to missions ami the superannuated preachers. Bishop Soule, 
 presiding in each Conference, showed much enthusiasm for the 
 project. The endowment of two new chairs was planned, to be 
 called the Centenary Professorship of Mathematics and the 
 Soule Professorship of Moral and Intellectual Sciences. 
 
 The Bishop agreed to be one of one hundred persons to give 
 two hundred dollars each, the first hundred payable when the 
 list of subscribers was completed. At the Erie Conference. 
 President Clark and Professor Allen each took a share, but the 
 remaining subscriptions were much lower in proportion. At 
 first each conference area was expected to yield twenty thou- 
 sand dollars in pledges to Allegheny. The program had been 
 to hold educational meetings at many centers. Notable 
 amounts were subscribed in a few places. flOOO at Butler and 
 tfl.'lOO at Meadville. But soon a single professorship was the 
 goal, the Soule chair, and finally in a great number of churches 
 no collections at all were taken. 
 
 In the Pittsburgh report of 1840, there was given to the 
 
 \ 120 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Soule project only #2200. Further discouragement, arose 
 through the rumor that the Pennsylvania Legislature was 
 hostile in 1840 to higher education and threatened to cut off 
 the annual appropriation to the colleges. Commissioners were 
 sent to the Michigan and North Ohio Annual Conferences 
 asking patronage and aid. 
 
 The deficit was inceasing yearly and had reached two 
 thousand dollars. The debt to the heirs of Timothy Alden had 
 heen reduced, but not entirely discharged. Repairs were 
 needed, the preparatory department called for more teachers, 
 and the Methodist Conference committee even asked for the 
 erection of a building, one hundred by sixty feet, to cost five 
 thousand dollars at least. The bad currency of the period 
 added to the depression. A considerable hostility to the college 
 had developed in some sections. 
 
 A notion gained currency that large amounts had been 
 collected for Allegheny, whereas of the sums pledged the 
 greater portion was unpaid. There were frequent changes in 
 the financial agents, and the practice began of asking the pre- 
 siding elders to urge the collection of notes and the taking of 
 subscriptions by the preachers under their supervision. The 
 Board of Trustees at Meadville put the responsibility for 
 prompt aid upon the patronizing friends, warning that if the 
 doors of the college closed, there was grave fear that it would 
 be forever. The second year after the centenary of Methodism 
 also produced altogether inadequate donations. 
 
 The educational committee of the Pittsburgh Conference 
 made a stirring appeal in August. 1841. It said : 
 
 "It is humiliating that when the internal prosperity is so cheering 
 and facilities exist for lasting usefulness, there is yet so crying a need 
 of pecuniary relief. This is not due to a lack of means in the members 
 of the church. If it were, then the beloved Allegheny would be handed 
 over to the company of the cherished Madison College. We need a 
 plan. Something must be done speedily. Do we want the reproach of 
 a second failure in education? Something more is needed than fair 
 speeches and approving resolutions. Let a shilling be raised from every 
 member on a charge." 
 
 A strong friend of the college in these times of need was 
 
 [ 121 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Rev. Zerah H. Coston, who had been foremost in the early nego- 
 tiations for Methodist patronage. He was energetic, resource 
 ful, tactful and affable. He gave the bell to Allegheny, which, 
 after a return to Pittsburgh and a recasting, rendered faithful 
 service in the tower of Bentley. When the engineering instru- 
 ments were levied upon for debt, this good Trustee redeemed 
 the college property and restored it with his compliments. He 
 was the skillful advocate of the Institution, when some of his 
 brethren had lost their original ardor for the promotion of 
 learning at Meadville. His appeals and argument held many 
 to the support of Allegheny and the fulfillment of their pledges. 
 The record of care, labor and patience places Rev. Zerah Coston 
 as one of the truest benefactors of the college. 
 
 Meanwhile, there had come changes in the Faculty. 
 Matthew Simpson resigned as vice-president and professor, 
 March 20, 1830. His health had been poor and Asbury Uni- 
 versity, a new foundation in Indiana, had been trying to secure 
 him as its scientist. When the presidency was offered, it was 
 accepted. His departure brought deep regret, for his influence 
 was most pronounced in the college and in the religious life of 
 the community and the county. He was much attached to his 
 associates in the Faculty and to the students as well. He often 
 said that only the climate sent him to another held. As much 
 as the future eloquent Bishop gave to Allegheny, in all proba- 
 bility Allegheny did much more for him. 
 
 William M. Burton, who had been five years on the Faculty, 
 resigned Sept. 12, 1830, and went later into the active minis- 
 try. Upon the nomination of the Pittsburgh Conference, the 
 Trustees invited Rev. William M. Bangs, of the New York Con- 
 ference, to become professor of natural science, but the offer 
 was declined because of ill health. Burton had transferred 
 from the chair of ancient languages to that of mathematics, R. 
 T. P. Allen after his coining to the college serving also as ad- 
 junct professor of mathematics. 
 
 The catalogue of 1830 stated that it was expected the 
 vacancy in the vice-presidency and the professorship of natural 
 science and chemistry would be immediately filled by a very 
 
 [ 122 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 acceptable and efficient man. The one who came to this office 
 was not the first choice nor did his election occur until March 
 2.">, 1840, but in Professor John Barker, of the Genesee Wes- 
 leyan, at Lima, N. Y., Allegheny gained as a member of its 
 Faculty a personality so rare and an educator so ideal that 
 ihe fame of his gracious services is fixed as long as the college 
 endures. 
 
 The graduating class of this year numbered fifteen and the 
 valedictory', spoken by Gordon Battelle, was pronounced the 
 ablest student address of many years. Seven other members 
 gave a colloquy, entitled "The Encyclopedia of Humbuggery", 
 and written by Darwin A. Finney of the class. Moses Crow, 
 later a noted Methodist preacher, also received his diploma. 
 Among his comrades he was known by the Greek title, "Adel- 
 phos Korax". Henry Baldwin, U. S. Justice, gave an address 
 before the literary societies and the honorary degree of Doctor 
 of Laws was conferred by the college upon Daniel Webster of 
 Massachusetts. 
 
 Rush R. Shippen, '44, has given an intimate view of the 
 Bentley Hall of that day during term time: "Its wings were 
 used as dormitories. Its four recitation rooms on the first floor 
 were used by the four chief professors. A small steamboat bell 
 hanging in the entry tapped the three-quarter hours of recita- 
 tion, seven each day, save Saturday, from 8:30 to 2. The sec- 
 ond floor was the chapel for daily morning roll-call and prayers, 
 and Saturday exercises of composition and declamation; also 
 it held the college library. The Allegheny and Philo- Franklin 
 literary societies occupied the two long rooms of the third 
 floor." 
 
 The repudiation by Pennsylvania of its obligation to higher 
 education brought the long-impending day of crisis to Alle- 
 gheny College. The State had never fostered its colleges with 
 any degree of enthusiasm or sort of system. Dr. Benjamin 
 Rush, in 1780, submitted a plan to the Legislature for the sup- 
 port of a university and four colleges, urging the smaller insti- 
 tutions as more favorable to morals. He advocated the co- 
 operation of the colleges and the common schools. Legislative 
 
 [ 123 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 acts for years associated grants to academies and colleges. A 
 favorable vote depended largely upon wire pulling and the 
 pitting of the interest of one section against another. 
 
 It was a sharply differentiated constituency to which appeal 
 was made with its Quaker, Lutheran. Moravian, "Pennsylvania 
 Dutch" and Scotch Irish elements. By 1830, there had been 
 passed one hundred and thirty-three special acts. In the fol- 
 lowing decade the number of colleges incorporated almost 
 doubled, while the appropriations to academies brought new 
 foundations everywhere. The Senate Committee on Education 
 stated that up to 1837 half a million dollars had been given to 
 colleges and academies. Rev. Gilbert Morgan, the retiring 
 president of Western University, in a pamphlet much approved 
 at this time, voiced a protest against the multiplication of col- 
 leges and demanded a State Board to determine the need and 
 location of higher institutions. 
 
 However, when the light for a common school system in 
 Pennsylvania had been won in the Acts of 1834 and 1830, the 
 colleges had profited by the liberal public attitude. Superin- 
 tendent Burrowes had also been their advocate, but he was 
 soon displaced by an official who lacked his sympathetic inter- 
 est in education. While the law of 1838 required a minimum 
 enrollment, the yearly grant was paid in instances where the 
 conditions were not met. The earlier notion that the colleges 
 were to assist in preparing teachers directly for the common 
 schools was now less generally held. Hence, when the second 
 reaction against public education occurred, the first in 183") 
 being checked by Thaddeus Stevens notably, the brunt of the 
 assault fell on the higher and secondary institutions. 
 
 A series of petitions in 1842 systematically came into Har- 
 risbnrg. mainly from the eastern part of the State, praying the 
 repeal of the fourth section of the Act of April 12, 1838, and 
 the change of the appropriations from the colleges to (he com- 
 mon school fund. The bald plea for the repeal was that many 
 communities which paid the taxes received no benefit from the 
 colleges or academies. The attack failed, but was renewed 
 with the result that the appropriation by the Act of Sept. 29, 
 
 [ 124 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 1843, was cut in half and totally discontinued in 1844. The 
 superintendent of public instruction had mildly submitted in 
 his report of Jan. 7, 1844 a statement as to "whether justice, 
 no less than the interest of education, does not require the 
 continuance of the public bounty during the whole ten-year 
 period of the Act". 
 
 The latent hostility of years could not be withstood. Pos- 
 sibly the almost quarter of a million paid out in six years had 
 not been wisely expended in many instances. The experience 
 with the academies was by no means satisfactory. Allegheny 
 had now its last dollar from the Commonwealth. In the 
 twenty-seven years it had received twenty-four thousand dol- 
 lars, a small sum compared with modern educational appro- 
 priations. And after what infinite anxiety, effort and waiting 
 had these public donations come into the college treasury! 
 
 The Methodist patrons, as this financial crisis approached, 
 made no better record in raising monies. The president warned 
 that the deficit steadily grew, bordering on five thousand 
 dollars. The receipts from the various appeals had not met 
 current expenses. A scathing arraignment appeared in a 
 Pittsburgh Advocate editorial, showing that in twelve years 
 in the two conferences not as much ready cash had been raised 
 from the people for education as the collection of the past 
 years for missions in one conference. 
 
 The embarrassment of the college reacted inevitably upon 
 the student body and the corps of instructors. There were 
 envious ones who spread the rumor that the institution was 
 going down. In the hour of trial, the public mind was preju 
 diced against a possibly losing proposition, Professor P. T. 1*. 
 Allen accepted a call to Transylvania University to assist 
 Henry Bascom in reorganizing the Kentucky school. But the 
 popular Calvin Kingsley, '41, the assistant instructor, was 
 made his successor in mathematics and civil engineering. 
 
 The apathy towards the foundation at Meadville developed 
 into open hostility. A plan was sounded by a few to start a 
 college on the Ohio within the bounds of the Pittsburgh Con- 
 ference. The support of Allegheny by the Erie Conference was 
 
 [ 125 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 thought by some to have beeu rather slack. Charles Cooke, the 
 church editor, called loudly for unity in support of the college 
 by the two bodies, which in their sessions of 1842 voted to 
 follow the previous program of trying to collect a shilling from 
 each member and sell scholarships on credit. The next spring, 
 however, brought a plan evolved by Dr. Homer J. Clark to meet 
 the emergency of the times. 
 
 The Perpetual Scholarship plan, with which the name of 
 the third president of Allegheny is inseparably linked, pro- 
 posed to offer for sale, broadcast, at twenty-five dollars, to the 
 purchaser, his heirs and assigns, a certificate of scholarship in 
 Allegheny or some other college under the patronage of the 
 Pittsburgh or the Erie Conferences. The aim was to dispose of 
 these instruments to the amount of one hundred thousand dol- 
 lars; that is. to four thousand possible buyers. The subscrip- 
 tions were not to be binding until sixty thousand dollars worth 
 had been placed. 
 
 The receipt was to read as follows : "It is hereby '-ertilied 
 that John Doe has paid to the Centenary Fund Society of the 
 Pittsburgh Annual Conference twenty-five dollars, in accord- 
 ance with a plan adopted by the Pittsburgh and Erie Confer- 
 ences of the Methodist Episcopal Church, for the endowment 
 of Allegheny College." The funds, when collected, were to be 
 administered and owned by two corporations, known as the 
 Centenary Boards. 
 
 These special committees had been projected in 1839, but 
 not for seven years did they have monies to hold. From the 
 interest accruing, the salaries of the Faculty in part were 
 paid. In return for this support, the Conferences, by the 
 agreement of 1833, could make nominations for vacancies 
 among the Trustees and professors. This privilege was exer- 
 cised in the annual sessions until 1857, when the .Joint Board 
 of Control was devised. The sums raised by the Perpetual 
 Scholarship sales were the property of the Centenary societies 
 and not of the college. 
 
 President Clark conferred with several men of influence be- 
 
 [ 120 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 fore the tentative project was given publicity in March. An 
 editorial in the Advocate called attention to his communica- 
 tion, advising its renders not to get frightened because it was 
 about the college. The implication of the need of such counsel 
 raised the righteous indignation of Allegheny's executive. In 
 the spirited defense of his trust, this mild-mannered man 
 thundered like a prophet of old against the weak-kneed and 
 lukewarm in Zion. He said : 
 
 "Is it true that such caution is known to be needed for the two 
 conferences? If so, it is an alarming state of affairs. It cannot refer 
 to the preachers, who have solemnly pledged themselves to the original 
 Trustees to sustain the college by procuring for it the necessary pecu- 
 niary support and have publicly renewed their pledge every year. To 
 be obliged to entertain a different opinion of any Methodist preacher, to 
 believe any son of the learned Wesley, the moral light of a community, 
 to be opposed to literary institutions of any class would be truly 
 humiliating. 
 
 Then this implied knowledge must be confined to the laity. Are 
 our lay brethren likely to be frightened by reading something on Alle- 
 gheny? Are they so far behind the intelligence of the country generally 
 as to be incapable of appreciating the utility of such an institution? 
 Have our people alone to learn that a universal system of education is 
 alike essential to the welfare of church and state? Have they yet to 
 be taught that the humblest individual is benefited not merely by the 
 knowledge which he himself possesses, but by the whole amount of 
 knowledge in the country, nay, in the world? 
 
 If they are alarmed for their pockets, is this the only benevolent 
 object to invoke money sacrifices? The teacher is about his proper 
 work as much as the preacher and should be sustained by the liberality 
 and sympathies of the whole church. Why is it he becomes an object 
 of cold indifference, not to say positive repulsion, left to toil on in the 
 arduous duties of a thankless office without support? Are these the 
 sentiments of any considerable portion of clergy or laity? 
 
 If so, public feeling among us must undergo radical change, or in 
 thus putting ourselves forward as active patrons of learning, we are 
 convicted of 'having run before we were sent'. If in spite of the efforts 
 of a few intelligent men, the true feeling of the mass is different, these 
 institutions must fail. We may then prepare ourselves to see every- 
 where lifted the finger of scorn and hear vented the gratified feelings of 
 spleen, 'this man began to build and was not able to finish'. Has the 
 Methodist Church spirit to avoid thus? Truth and candor, brethren, 
 oblige me to say, 'we hope better things, though we thus spoke'. " 
 
 [ 127 ]
 
 HISTOKY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 The plan of the scliolarships had been at the first regarded 
 as Utopian and impracticable. The price of the certificate was 
 absurdly low. Tuition for a single year in Allegheny had been 
 twenty dollars. Perpetual scholarships had been ottered at 
 three hundred ; in many institutions they were five hundred. 
 The proposition smacked decidedly of the bargain counter. In 
 fact, it was openly advocated as a tremendous literary bargain. 
 But the very audacity of it began to win support for giving it 
 a trial. 
 
 The president championed it incessantly. He argued that 
 students went where the tuition was lowest. He knew of one 
 hundred Methodists in a college under a sister denomination 
 because of its small fees. His plan would put an education 
 in the reach of all, removing the popular prejudice that colleges 
 were only for the rich. This democratic slogan was very effec- 
 tive, while to the objection that the scheme would overcrowd 
 Hie college, a hearty willingness was expressed to face such a 
 situation. 
 
 There were associated with the scholarship project two 
 other features. The periods were to be changed, so that in 
 place of vacations in March and September, the college instruc- 
 lion was to run from March to the end of November with an 
 interval of one week in -Inly. The long vacation of three 
 months in the winter gave a chance for the students to teach 
 common school. The second proposal was to purchase a farm 
 on French ('reek, so the students in the summer could revive 
 the manual labor experiment. The college acres of the earlier 
 years had been sold to Or. (Mark to offset unpaid claims for 
 services. The land above the campus was not suitable to the 
 sort of cultivation tried. 
 
 The two conferences adopted almost unanimously the Per- 
 petual Scholarship plan. Those who had subscribed on the 
 Soule or Centenary professorships were allotted the new cer- 
 tificates upon payment of their pledges. The Hoard of Trus- 
 tees, on August 24, also approved the project. The enthusiasm 
 of Or. Clark was infectious. He assumed direction of the 
 active campaign which opened in September. Coston and Rev. 
 
 [ 128 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 J. K. Miller served as agents with him in the Pittsburgh Con- 
 ference, and Rev. John Bain and Rev. Hiram Kinsley worked 
 in the Erie. The members of* the Faculty assisted in the work 
 and the college sessions were suspended. The brethren of the 
 president expressed their appreciation of him by an election 
 as delegate to the coining General Conference. 
 
 The exhortation was to complete the sale of the scholar- 
 ships in six months. Every preacher was expected to take 
 part in the canvass. Several of the presiding elders were espe- 
 cially effective in co-operation. The clergy, who were alumni 
 of Allegheny, were fittingly loyal and active. John Bain sold 
 300 certificates before January, 1844, of these 44 in Meadville. 
 J. K. Miller placed 110 in east Ohio immediately. In the 
 vicinity of Pittsburgh, an average of 30 a week was maintained, 
 20 being subscribed in New Brighton and 22 in Zelienople. 
 
 Dr. Clark moved his headquarters to Beaver and the word 
 went forth that the subscriptions were surpassing all expecta- 
 tions. But the sum in view was too large to be completed in 
 a year and much traveling was necessary. The interest of the 
 public increased. The agents talked to the people in the shops 
 and fields, at temperance meetings and religious gatherings. 
 It was a campaign in the cause of popular education. Young 
 men urged their parents to subscribe so they could plan to get 
 to Allegheny eventually. 
 
 The quarterly conferences of Methodism were appropriate 
 occasions for pushing the claims of the college. Christian edu- 
 cation was recognized as a legitimate subject with the other 
 business of the sessions. Rev. J. J. Steadman on his district 
 spread the sentiment, "Live forever, Allegheny College", and 
 from his people in response came a glad "Amen". Another 
 fruitful field extensively cultivated was the famous Methodist 
 camp meeting ground, to which multitudes yet repaired. These 
 centers in Ohio and Pennsylvania supplied many subscribers 
 to the scholarships. 
 
 When the two annual conferences met in 1844, the two 
 1 hemes of discussion uppermost were the secession of the M. E. 
 Church South and the splendid progress of the scholarship 
 
 [ 129 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 fund. The friends of the college declared extravagant ly that 
 with its completion to one hundred thousand dollars. Alle- 
 gheny would be the greatest institution in the country. A last 
 tremendous effort was projected. Lev. J. K. Drummond. the 
 Pittsburgh agent, was a whirlwind. He secured subscriptions 
 for $1325 in the same territory visited the previous year. From 
 a single quarterly meeting he collected in notes 81800. His 
 average was S1500 a week and he covered manv hundred miles. 
 
 Old-time Camp Ground 
 
 Sturdy .John Bain and A. G. Miller, '41. made a glorious 
 excursion east of the mountains, visiting several camp meet- 
 ings. They heard everywhere the praise of Allegheny. Though 
 the Clay-Polk political contest divided the public interest, in 
 six weeks they took subscriptions of over five thousand dollars. 
 Dr. Clark sold 120 scholarships in November. By Christinas 
 there was a general demand that the college must reopen its 
 doors, for no collection could be made until it had resumed 
 its sessions. Besides, many former students who had been 
 waiting would go elsewhere. 
 
 The endowment fund available from the subscriptions had 
 
 [ 130 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 readied seventy-live thousand dollars, when the Pittsburgh 
 Conference met July 30. The notice then went forth that the 
 conditions were fulfilled and the pledges were binding. The 
 success of the plan of Homer J. Clark had equalled the highest 
 expectations. In fact, the final returns aggregated ninety 
 thousand. But at once the collection of the obligations became 
 all important and for many months the work was vigorously 
 pushed, the total cash realized being sixty thousand dollars. 
 
 Bentley Hall had been closed from August, 1S4.'>>, to April, 
 1S4.">. The last commencement address was given by Professor 
 Parker. The attendance of the collegiate department had 
 fallen to sixty-two. During the suspension, the vice-president 
 remained in Meadville, teaching for a time in the academy. 
 When the college reopened, he was in charge, the old plan of 
 tuition payment being in effect. Sixty students resumed their 
 courses and two were graduated on August 28. 
 
 The Trustees voted to open Allegheny April 6, 1846, on the 
 new plan, accepting the perpetual scholarship certificates. But 
 on March 8, the faithful Barker had resigned to the general 
 regret and left to take the chair of ancient languages in Tran- 
 sylvania University. In the dark days just before the college 
 suspended, a harsh blow was struck when the Widow Alden 
 had the sheriff levy upon the library because of the small sum 
 yet unpaid to the estate of the founder of Allegheny. The 
 veteran Trustees, David Dick and John Reynolds, became 
 security for the payment of the debt. 
 
 The next year, while the endowment campaign was at its 
 height and public favor was especially precious, a memorial 
 was submitted to the Senate at Harrisburg arraigning the 
 management of Allegheny College. Senator Farrelly, '2(1, had 
 action await word from the defendants. Professor Barker was 
 Hie chairman of the Trustees' committee to make reply and he 
 signally refuted the seven charges brought against the Board. 
 He contrasted the Alden and the Methodist administrations; 
 he proved that Mrs. Alden had refused for her claim the forty- 
 five acres which were soon sold for much more than the sum 
 owed her. The loss of books from the library was convincingly 
 
 [ 131 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 denied and the sale of the college instruments shown to have 
 been an unforeseen misfortune speedily adjusted. The Senate 
 of the State did not lend itself to the spleen of the attack. 
 
 The future of Allegheny was now for the first time assured. 
 The fundamental need of an endowment had been supplied. 
 All praise is due to President Clark. His device of the per- 
 petual scholarship had won the financial contributions of his 
 church when all other plans offered to the public for thirty 
 years had been ineffectual. 
 
 In the next decade, Antioch College, in Ohio, under the 
 presidency of Horace Mann, tried the same scheme, the price 
 of its scholarship being only one-fourth that of Allegheny. 
 But the certificates were issued for notes, which were not 
 largely collected, and disaster overwhelmed the illustrious 
 educator in his experiment. 
 
 However, the success that had crowned the administration 
 of Homer J. Clark entailed a heavy cost upon the man in the 
 executive chair. His strenuous and persistent labors left him 
 badly broken in health. His spirit was ready for the new ami 
 brighter day ahead in the college. Would he be able to enjoy 
 the fruit of his toil? 
 
 [ 132 1
 
 CHAPTER V 
 
 MID-CENTURY PROSPERITY 
 
 HREE thousand persons hav- 
 ing purchased the right to 
 send a student to college free 
 of tuition, it was anticipated 
 that the enrollment of Alle- 
 gheny under the new plan 
 might suddenly increase to 
 three of four hundred. The 
 number that actually ap- 
 peared in the first week of 
 April was one hundred and 
 fifty. By the end of the long term of eight months, the attend- 
 ance had risen to one hundred and eighty, sixty-seven being 
 in the college department. 
 
 The big influx had not begun, since but a small portion of 
 the monies on the scholarships was then paid. The over- 
 crowding that had been feared never did come to pass. Very 
 many holders of the certificates looked upon their investment 
 as a donation to Christian education, and the privileges of 
 the subscription were never utilized. The first installment of 
 scholarship holders was composed largely of strangers; over a 
 third came from Ohio. 
 
 These new students were serious, mature young men. Fifty 
 of them brought their letters of church membership. The most 
 of them were of slender financial means, one-fourth of The num- 
 ber boarding themselves. The college farm for manual labor 
 was not yet purchased and the plan was finally abandoned. 
 Teaching in the common schools during the winter vacation of 
 three months promised a surer method of adding to student 
 resources. It was a matter of pride that the college gave the 
 poor boy a chance at an education, if he was willing to help 
 himself. 
 
 [ 133 ]
 
 HISTOliY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 The Faculty that greeted the newcomers in 1840 had several 
 changes, Some sanguine friends had predicted that when the 
 multitude holding perpetual scholarships thronged the Hill, 
 the professors of one-half the colleges in the United States 
 would be needed to give instruction. George AY. Clarke was 
 advanced to the vice-presidency and the professorship of an- 
 cient languages divided, he taking the Greek. He was a man 
 of sound judgment and agreeable manner. He was the leading 
 representative of the Faculty in the Erie Conference, having 
 been sent to the General Conference of 1844. Calvin Kingsley 
 returned to Meadville to be professor of mathematics and 
 natural philosophy, having served for two years as pastor in 
 Erie. 
 
 Jonathan Hamnett, '39, now became a professor of Latin, 
 beginning that unique record of sixty-five years in the Faculty. 
 He was the principal of a successful academy at Wellsville, O., 
 and. upon his removal to Meadville, brought several of his 
 students, who entered the advanced college classes. This new 
 member of the teaching corps came to Allegheny largely upon 
 faith and because of his loyalty to his alma mater. President 
 Clark, under date of Feb. 20. 1845, wrote to him : 
 
 "If you are willing to go with the knowledge you have of the circum- 
 stances of the college, I will gladly recommend you to the Board of 
 Trustees. I would likely name you as adjunct professor of languages, 
 though you might be required to assist in mathematics. Since writing 
 the above, 1 have sent a letter to Professor Barker and strongly urged 
 you on the Board. I have said nothing in regard to salary, lest that 
 should be in the way, so they might make it either contingent for the 
 present on the amount of tuition fees received or leave it to be arranged 
 hereafter. You would of course share with the others; when salaries are 
 to be paid, yours would then be fixed definitely on a similar scale." 
 
 Lorenzo 1). Williams was elected on March :><>, 1840, to 
 take the work of Professor Barker, but the title of the chair 
 was now changed from natural philosophy ami chemistry to 
 thai of natural sciences. Williams was educated in the Gen- 
 essee Wesleyan Seminary, ill health preventing him from fin- 
 ishing his training at Wesleyan University. He was the 
 founder of the Asbnry Seminary at Chagrin Falls, ().. which 
 
 [ 134 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 in 1840 was taken under t he patronage of the Erie Conference. 
 
 Professor Williams continued as the principal of this pros- 
 perous school for live rears, and then briefly of another acad- 
 emy, entering his duties at Allegheny as an able educator. 
 
 The commencement exercises came in 1840 at the end of 
 November, when four diplomas were granted. The academic 
 year had brought the adjustments incident to the new plan of 
 administration. One disappointment was the inability to 
 secure Moses Crow, '10, as the professor of Hebrew and modern 
 languages. Some slight friction had arisen because a few stu- 
 dents thought the perpetual certificates entitled them to 
 library and laboratory privileges, heat and janitor services. A 
 contingent fee of $2.50 a term was charged. The practicability 
 of the scholarship plan had been proven, and the results of this 
 tuition system were felt to be "worthy of a twenty-year effort", 
 had it been required. 
 
 The final year of the presidency of Dr. Homer J. (Mark 
 started the first Monday in March with over two hundred stu- 
 dents. The enlarged attendance revived the project of erecting 
 a second college building. The commencement day was once 
 more changed to the third Thursday in .July. There were ten 
 graduates, three of whom were at once admitted into the Pitts- 
 burgh Conference on trial. In this class were Alexander 
 Martin, founder of West Virginia University and later presi- 
 dent of Asbury University, W. A. Davidson and S. II. Nesbit, 
 future editor of Pittsburgh Advocate, ami Sanford Hunt, the 
 Methodist publisher. 
 
 The first alumni association of Allegheny was effected at 
 this time and T. J. Fox Alden, '21, the earliest graduate, deliv- 
 ered an address that was pronounced racy and eloquent. The 
 season was one of much felicitation. The Meadville Gazette 
 of July 27 commented : 
 
 "It is a source of heartfelt gratification that the present prospects of 
 the college are so bright under the successful operation of its novel and 
 extraordinary educational plan. Too much credit cannot be given to 
 that body of the Christian church under whose patronage the institution 
 is placed. For plain, straightforward and practical benevolence com- 
 
 [ 135 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 mend us to the Methodists. For persevering effort and great and per- 
 manent moral results, they stand pre-eminent." 
 
 The end of the second term on November 20 brought the 
 resignation of Dr. Clark. His ill health had not improved, and 
 upon his release he retired to his farm in Ohio where for two 
 years he recruited his strength. In 1850-2, he was a pastor at 
 Pittsburgh and editor of the Advocate 1852-6. He served sev- 
 eral years as presiding elder, taking a superannuated relation 
 in 18G4. He was called to his final reward Sept. 24, 1S~5. His 
 grave is near the old homestead in Ohio. 
 
 His pupil and associate, George W. Clarke, '34, paid this 
 tribute to the work of Dr. Clark in Allegheny: "His prepara- 
 tion for the class room was fresh and thorough. He had espe- 
 cially clear conceptions of the subjects he discussed with the 
 class. His thoughts were tersely expressed in well chosen lan- 
 guage. As a college president he had no superior. He held the 
 reins gently, but he held them always. There was unbroken 
 harmony in the Faculty, due to his personal influence and fine 
 administrative ability.'' 
 
 President Clark was most solicitous that Allegheny should 
 equip its students for Christian service, and believed that 
 notably a zeal for missions should be inculcated in the college. 
 In an address of his second executive year he said : 
 
 "We must see the close connection existing between the operation 
 of the college and the efficiency of missions. Let us not forget that our 
 colleges are destined to furnish many of the best laborers in the mission- 
 ary field. Laborers are wanting for some departments of missionary 
 work which can be supplied from no other source. Now a loud call is 
 heard for two of this sort, one for Africa, one for South America. One 
 promising candidate for the ministry, Jabez Burton, '38, has applied to 
 go to Africa." 
 
 Dr. Clark was regarded as one of the eloquent men of his 
 denomination. His practice was to write and memorize his 
 sermons. The addresses were thus usually finished produc- 
 tions and many of them masterly efforts. The charm of pres- 
 ence, the melody of voice, and the beauty of thought made him 
 a man of mark and an inspiring example to ambitions youth. 
 In his personal graces, his gentle manners, his solid scholar- 
 
 [ 13fi ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 ship and his fine Christian character, Homer J. Clark lakes 
 high rank in the notable succession of Allegheny executives. 
 
 The loss of the president had been expected and consulta- 
 tions as to filling the vacancy been held; therefore upon the 
 recommendation of the conference committee, Rev. John 
 Barker, then at Transylvania University, was elected by the 
 Trustees Dec. 27, 1817. No choice could have been more popu- 
 lar, for far and wide his return to lead the college was hailed 
 as the positive guarantee of a brilliant future for Allegheny. 
 The Cincinnati Atlas said, "We congratulate Allegheny Col- 
 lege that so able a man, so pure a Christian and so ripe a 
 scholar, one who has been hitherto so useful in her halls, now 
 returns to take the chief direction of her affairs." 
 
 John Barker was born in Foggathrope, East Riding, York- 
 shire, England, March 17, 1813. When three years of age, 
 his parents brought him to Central New York. His youth was 
 said to have been spent in study almost to the exclusion of 
 recreation. He had an all absorbing passion for knowledge 
 that led him to lay broad and deep the foundations of his 
 scholastic attainments. He early prepared for college and was 
 graduated from Geneva, now Hobart College, in 1882. He was 
 known as a strong student and was invited to a professorship 
 in his alma mater, but declined the offer. 
 
 The young scholar taught a few years in a private school. 
 He made profession of religion in 1831, joined the Methodist 
 Church and received license to preach. The chair of mathe- 
 matics in the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary was held by him 
 for five years, preceding his first coming to Allegheny College. 
 Soon after leaving Transylvania in 1818, that institution ex- 
 pressed its appreciation of his talents by conferring upon him 
 the degree of Doctor of Divinity. About the same time, Wash- 
 ington College in Pennsylvania similarly honored him. 
 
 The first commencement of Dr. Barker, on July 20, was in 
 the nature of an inauguration. His address on the dignity 
 and responsibility of the office of the teacher was much praised. 
 The conviction continued to grow that the college had at its 
 head a man peculiarly adapted for the time and the oppor- 
 tunity. The boastful friends of the Institution alleged that 
 
 [ 137 ]
 
 Rev. John Barker. O. D.. President 1847-1860
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 no other place in the land was conferring more solid benefits 
 upon its students than Allegheny. There was a catholicity in 
 its patronage. Of the ten graduates this year, two went into 
 the Presbyterian ministry, one into the Baptist. 
 
 The second year of the fourth president of Allegheny 
 showed continued expansion. No less than 220 new students 
 entered, the large majority going into the preparatory depart- 
 ment. Now for the first time in a decade, the enrollment of the 
 four college classes passed above the one hundred mark. The 
 large bulk of the students came from the area of the patroniz- 
 ing Methodist Conferences. The perpetual scholarships were 
 now raised in price from twenty-five to thirty-five dollars, 
 making the earlier issue of certificates more valuable. 
 
 The same high character that had marked the students of 
 the earlier period yet prevailed. Dr. Barker, speaking after 
 somewhat wide observation, said, that for propriety of man- 
 ners and natural intelligence, he did not believe there had 
 been a company to equal the representatives of this year. The 
 proportion of religious students was larger than at any pre- 
 vious time and there had been several additions during the 
 term. Once again a change took place in the division of the 
 scholastic year. It reflected a variation from the previous 
 policy. The adoption of a three-term system with six weeks' 
 vacation in the summer and shorter periods in March and 
 December, was designed to attract those who had been going 
 to more expensive places than Allegheny. For the benefit of 
 those who had to drop out of classes during the winter term 
 in order to teach school, extra courses of review were given 
 the succeeding term. 
 
 For eight years the Faculty circle was unbroken. The five 
 men of that group were strong in the qualities that contribute 
 to the foundation of character and the development of vigor- 
 ous personality. All were Methodist clergymen, solidly ortho- 
 dox and of the sterling old-fashioned type of faith and conduct. 
 But in their college relations they were teachers invariably 
 before they were preachers. There was no taint of sectarian- 
 ism in the school, just as it had been free from such a charge 
 
 [ 130 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 in the earlier days. Boys of many creeds came freely to the 
 halls of Bentley. 
 
 The trend of the teaching was to the classical, rather than 
 the scientific. One of the men of '51 felt that the course was 
 deficient in applied mathematics and in the natural sciences. 
 Professor Williams was greatly limited in laboratory, appa- 
 ratus, and cabinet. But he was an instructor of much enthusi- 
 asm and ability, and lecturing often in the town, he was able 
 to popularize his subjects to an eminent degree. The college 
 had difficulty in securing men for the modern languages, so 
 that the instruction in French and German was intermittent. 
 
 The thirst for knowledge was now widely felt and Alle- 
 gheny had gained an extensive advertisement in the scholar- 
 ship campaign of the Methodist Conferences. The first year 
 of the Fifties saw the attendance mount above three hundred, 
 the record figure of the college until 1807. The total number 
 of students to be enrolled in the fourteen years of the Barker 
 regime was thirty-seven hundred. But more than half of these 
 went into the preparatory department. From 1855-60, the 
 attendance in the college department averaged forty-five per 
 cent of the whole. In the decade of 1850, the number of gradu- 
 ates annually averaged twenty. The Freshman figure for each 
 year from 1850 was G6, 18, 51, 15, 10, 11, 83, 35, 10, 10, 12. 
 
 It was officially stated that of the throng, which came to 
 Meadville from 1817 to 1851 to spend but two or three terms, 
 or possibly two years, at their studies, very few when they left 
 went to other institutions of learning. Allegheny supplied 
 them the college instruction of their careers and inspired to 
 subsequent intellectual endeavors. In the seven years named, 
 the average enrollment in the academic department was one 
 hundred and seventy-four, the number dropping off sharply by 
 fifty and more in 1855. 
 
 In this class of students in 1848 entered "William B. Allison 
 of Ashland County, Ohio, the future Senator from Iowa. 
 James A. Gary came up from Baltimore in 1850. The fame 
 of Allegheny was known in Maryland and the father, a 
 stanch Presbyterian, started the lad of seventeen oil" for the 
 north. By railway, he went to Cumberland; thence by stage 
 
 [ HO ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 to Frostburg and on to Brownsville, within twenty-four hours. 
 By steamer on the Monongahela, the journey was continued to 
 Pittsburgh, and the stage brought the traveler on to Mead- 
 ville, the trip requiring three days. Not all the students came 
 to Allegheny so comfortably as young Gary. 
 
 A vivid picture of the opening day of the spring term of 
 1851 has been given by Judge Worthington, '54. He and his 
 chum, Ben Martin, '54, later a member of Congress, had been 
 prepared for college in the academy at Clarksburg, Virginia, 
 where Gordon Battelle, '40, and Alexander Martin, '47, were 
 teachers. He relates: 
 
 "On the campus west of Bentley, we found a crowd of laughing, 
 joking, jostling young men, looking on and contesting in the old-time 
 sports of vaulting, hop, step and jump, and running. It was a pleasant 
 introduction to student life and served to wear off the timidity of two 
 neophytes from the backwoods of West Virginia. It brought the feeling 
 that boys were boys at college as well as at the academy. Nor was this 
 feeling lessened by the sonorous declaration of President Barker, when 
 we met that morning in chapel, that 'students came to Allegheny to 
 educate their heads and not their heels'." 
 
 A second substantial building upon the campus nad been 
 long desired. The growing patronage now made its erection 
 imperative. There was a general sentiment that the building 
 should be named Enter Hall in honor of the first Methodist 
 president. The citizens of Meadville made an initial subscrip- 
 tion of twenty-five hundred dollars. But how to secure the 
 modest five or six thousand estimated as the cost was a prob- 
 lem. It was felt that a general direct appeal should not be 
 made throughout Methodist territory, while the payment on 
 the scholarship subscriptions Avas being pushed. 
 
 Hence the novel suggestion emerged that a book of original 
 sermons should be published and the proceeds of its sale ap- 
 plied to the new Hall. This project was formally adopted by 
 the Pittsburgh Conference in 1840, after a committee during 
 the preceding months had secured enough pledges in advance 
 to guarantee the cost of the printing. William Hunter, the 
 editor of the Advocate, was made the editor of the volume and 
 directed to prepare an edition of 5000 copies. The sermons 
 
 [ 1-H ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 were to be supplied by the living ministers of the Pittsburgh, 
 Erie and West Virginia Conferences. Dr. Hunter was diligent 
 and had the book ready in May, 1850. 
 
 The volume was a work of 452 pages, containing thirty-two 
 sermons. The first one was by Dr. Homer J. Clark on "Public 
 Worship", while the last was one by Dr. Martin Ruter, entitled 
 "The Immortality of Man", he being the only deceased clergy- 
 man whose discourse was put in the list. The manuscripts 
 came from men of nearly every rank in the ministry, except 
 the very youngest. The alumni and trustees of the college 
 were well represented in the collection. The themes covered a 
 wide range, including thanksgiving and funeral addresses. 
 Some of the topics were "Salvation of Infants", "Novel Read- 
 ing". "Patience". ''Predestination". "Practical Benevolence" 
 and "Heaven". 
 
 The Original Sermons were sold by agents in both confer- 
 ence areas and Rev. David King, of the Erie, was particularly 
 successful. In a year his gross receipts were twelve hundred 
 dollars. The net profit for two years was sixteen hundred, 
 though two thousand dollars at least had been expected. It 
 was said that the proportion from the Pittsburgh Conference 
 fell short by four hundred dollars. But all things considered, 
 it was an amazing sale. Those pages of solid sermonizing 
 must have been bought out of sheer loyalty to the cause. The 
 deficit on the building had to be met by the Trustees in a 
 personal canvass. 
 
 Notable individual donations to education were being made 
 in America at the mid-century, and the friends of Allegheny 
 began to feel some benefactor should be raised up to aid the 
 college signally. The Pittsburgh Advocate gave utterance to 
 a striking prophecy, which was fulfilled fifty years later: 
 
 "We hear of large gifts often to Eastern schools. Under the 
 smiles of a benign Providence, such days are in reserve for Allegheny 
 College. She educates, it is true, a greater proportion of the poor, of 
 those in moderate circumstances. But that energy of character which 
 carries a young man without resources through college is a sure pre- 
 cursor of success in after life. In the course of time, when Allegheny 
 numbers her alumni by hundreds and thousands, scattered over this 
 land of enterprise and opportunity for wealth, they will return to visit 
 
 [ 142 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 the scenes of their student days and leave spontaneously of the abund- 
 ance they have acquired, the substantial blessings of a gratefui heart." 
 
 The contract for the creel ion of Kuter Hall was let in Sep- 
 tember, 1851, but the structure was not enclosed until Novem- 
 ber, 1832. The work was much delayed. The first plan looked 
 to its completion August, 1853, but the formal opening did 
 not occur until April 12, 1854. A procession moved at ten 
 o'clock from the front of Bentley, consisting of the Faculty, 
 Trustees, students and citizens, to the new chapel. In its dedi- 
 
 Ruter Hall. 
 
 cation an ode was sung by the choir, prayer ottered by Dr. 
 Barker and an address by Dr. Charles Cooke, of Pittsburgh, on 
 the topic, "The Schoolmaster and the Preacher". The speaker 
 reviewed the history of Allegheny and praised its influence 
 as an agency in the education of the west. 
 
 The building was exceedingly plain when finished. It 
 suffered by comparison with its neighbor, Bentley Hail. The 
 students did not regard it kindly, dubbing it "the factory". It 
 stood out very grim and bleak in its earliest environment. 
 There had been a few trees on the campus. One of the earliest 
 
 [ 143 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 steps of President Barker was to have saplings brought from 
 the forest to beautify the grounds, a favorite device of his on 
 several occasions. 
 
 Enter Hall, with age, has mellowed in its outward appear- 
 ance and various simple embellishments have vastly improved 
 its exterior. In utility Ruter was at once highly serviceable. 
 Its dimensions were fifty by ninety feet. The first floor was 
 used as the chapel. The second floor had four rooms, two of 
 them for recitations and two for the laboratory and philo- 
 sophical apparatus. The third floor was divided between the 
 library and the cabinet. The pressure for room upon Bentley 
 Hall was now relieved and Dr. Barker soon moved to occupy 
 the east wing of the building as a residence. 
 
 The campus of this period yet had a Virginia worm fence 
 along the Waterford turnpike, entrance to the grounds being 
 by a high stile. The approach to the college up Main Street 
 was not a comfortable one, especially in muddy, wintry sea- 
 sons. By a popular subscription in April, 1850, Professor 
 Hamnett raised some forty dollars to lay a plank walk from 
 the Diamond up the Hill. This was paid partly in scantling 
 and in labor, particularly the student contribution. But this 
 walk in time became dilapidated and on a Hallowe'en celebra- 
 tion, the entire length of board pavement from North Street to 
 the college was turned over into the ditch. Professors JCingsley 
 and Hamnett had laid fine brick walks before their residences 
 on this street and the student demonstration was for a solid 
 paving the entire route. 
 
 The occasional prank was meant as no disrespect to the 
 president. His penchant for trees on the campus was trav- 
 estied by bringing brush from the near-by woods and sticking 
 it thickly about Bentley and the walks. However, many of the 
 trees which grace the campus of today were planted by the men 
 of the Fifties, who have rejoiced to return and recognize their 
 handiwork in towering elm, hickory, buttonwood and pine. 
 The youth of that day, as does his modern successor, sat in 
 judgment upon the merits of every member of the Faculty. 
 There wjis not a student who failed 1o love ami revere Dr. 
 
 [ 144 ]
 
 HISTOKY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Barker. The charming personality of the executive overshad- 
 owed that of all his associates. 
 
 Now there was another professor upon the staff who was 
 
 Calvin Kingsley, '41 
 
 i 
 
 also leaving a profound impress upon the plastic life in the halls 
 of Allegheny. His champions were most zealous advocates. As 
 Judge Heydrick, '52, expressed it, "To the ultra Methodist boy, 
 
 [ 145 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Calvin Kingsley was a wonder; he believed him to be the ablest 
 man in the college and in the whole world.'' Physically, Kings- 
 ley made a marked contrast to the slender, small Barker. The 
 professor of mathematics was sturdy and large, with hue mas- 
 si ve head and keen piercing eyes. Stalwart he was in form 
 heart, character, and achievement. 
 
 Calvin Kingsley was as vigorous in intellect as he was in 
 person. He was a ready and skillful debater, a brilliant sur- 
 vivor of the Methodist controversialists of the preceding gener- 
 ation. In long memorable contests with Lee of the "Wesleyan 
 Secession" at Jamestown, X. Y.. in 184.*), and with Gilford of 
 the Universalists at Erie in 1844, he won his place as (he fore- 
 most defender of the doctrines of his church. 
 
 Meadville was a place pregnant with possibilities for 
 theological discussion. Unitarianisin in America early made 
 entrance here through the interest of one of the influential 
 settlers. President Timothy Alden, in the period of 1824-6, 
 preached in the Brick Church against the new faith. In the 
 main, the relations between the denominations of the town 
 were amicable. However, with the founding of the Theological 
 School in 1844 and the coming of its president. Rev. R. P. 
 Stebbins, a doughty champion of the anti-Trinitarian position, 
 religions controversies became more acute. These culmi- 
 nated in a series of public addresses in 1848, in which Professor 
 Kingsley spoke powerfully for orthodoxy and President Steb- 
 bins replied. 
 
 A sequel to this debate, which reflected the strained situa- 
 tion that had arisen, came to pass in July, 1851, in a matter in 
 which the students of Allegheny took a leading part. The two 
 literary societies, possibly unwittingly, more likely with the 
 notion of raising some excitement, invited the Rev. Mr. Steb- 
 bins to give the animal address at commencement before their 
 members. The Faculty of Allegheny entered a protest. The 
 Allegheny Literary Society refused to withdraw its invitation, 
 and was closed. Quite a tempest raged for a few days. Presi- 
 dent Stebbins finally gave the address as a public lecture in 
 the Court House on July 1st, his theme being "Academic Cul- 
 ture". The next day, at the graduation exercises, he occupied 
 
 [ 146 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 a front seat, nearest the platform, where the diplomas were 
 presented. 
 
 At the Methodist General Conference of 1852, a recommen- 
 dation was made that Biblical departments be established as 
 far as possible in connection with colleges under the church 
 auspices or patronage. This action proved to be simply the 
 anticipation of the theological seminary. There came a gra- 
 cious revival of religion in Meadville in the winter of 1852-3 
 and several students were inclined to enter the Christian min- 
 istry. Accordingly, when the Erie Animal Conference met in 
 Franklin, .'Inly 13, a proposal was ottered looking toward 
 adding a Biblical Department to Allegheny. 
 
 A committee meeting in Meadville in August with the Trus- 
 tees favored the project and a larger gathering was held in 
 Pittsburgh Nov. 23 with delegates from the three Methodist 
 patronizing Conferences. The next night a large public assem- 
 blage was gathered to launch the plan. Bishop Simpson pre- 
 sided and Dr. Barker and Professor Kingsley gave eloquent 
 pleas in support of the new department. Tt was urged as not 
 only for the benefit of candidates for the ministry, but also for 
 the sake of special study of the Scriptures by all students. 
 
 A rally in Meadville in December resulted in a subscription 
 of two thousand dollars, the President of the Board, David 
 Derickson, giving five hundred dollars on the condition that 
 the required amount be raised in three years. Calvin Kingsley 
 went to Pittsburgh in January, 1854, to conduct the campaign, 
 that city being expected to contribuute ten thousand. In a 
 popular meeting, Jan. 17, there were raised seventy-five hun- 
 dred dollars in ten minutes, and within the year thirteen of 
 the fifteen thousand needed. 
 
 The largest donor was Allen Kramer, Esq., of Pittsburgh, 
 the treasurer of the Conference Centenary Board, and the new 
 chair was called the Kramer Professorship of Hebrew and 
 Biblical Literature. The splendid response to the appeal to 
 increase the scope of the college attested to the growing inter-, 
 est of valuable friends. The funds given were kept by the 
 Centenary Board and the proceeds applied to Biblical instruc- 
 tion. The choice for the position fell upon Dr. William 
 
 [ H7 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Hunter, of The Pittsburgh Conference, and the department was 
 opened in the fall term of 1855. A three years' course was 
 offered, largely in Hebrew. Greek, philosophy, sciences and 
 Biblical study. 
 
 In the first year, thirty students were enrolled, among 
 them being J. M. Thoburn, Harvey Henderson, J. H. Mess- 
 more and A. J. Merchant. Seniors, Juniors and preparatory 
 students were in the department. Later the course was better 
 arranged, the number however pursuing it averaging a score 
 and more. An early hope was expressed that the study of the 
 Bible would grow until a building should be required on the 
 west of Bentley as a counterpoise to Ruter. The young 
 preachers gained practice by a system of going abroad by 
 twos to the school houses and country churches about 
 Meadville. 
 
 After nineteen years of service. Professor G. W. Clarke 
 resigned the chair of Greek in 1854 and office of vice-president. 
 His successor was Alexander Martin, '17, principal of the 
 Northwestern Virginia Academy, who was now well entered 
 upon his distinguished career as an educator. Calvin Kingsley 
 became vice-president, but the General Conference of 1850 
 called him from Allegheny to be editor of the Western Chris- 
 tian Advocate at Cincinnati. His work in mathematics was 
 largely taken over by Dr. Barker. 
 
 The centenary funds of the two Conferences equalled 
 nearly sixty thousand dollars and the interest on the invest- 
 ments met the budget of instruction of about four thousand 
 dollars. The first expectations were aroused in 1S51 of a 
 bequest from .Fudge Chamberlain, of Cattaraugus, X. Y., to 
 be available upon his decease to found a professorship in 
 moral philosophy. This mooted gift, though, was to run 
 through many years a curious history and end in utter loss. 
 
 The exciting political conditions of the era in the nation 
 had their reflex in the college circles. The Know Nothing 
 wave reached Meadville. J. N. Hosey, '57; H. M. Hughes, 
 -58. and B. E. Delo, '59; were active organizers. On one 
 occasion, they took twelve recruits from the Hill to the local 
 meeting. "When an objection was raised to so large a com 
 
 [ 148 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 pany, the leading official, Dr. Hay, encouraged the student. 
 rfeal, urging that all Allegheny be brought into the ranks. 
 Later the boys helped in the initiation of Professor Williams 
 and Dr. Hamnett, Professor Kingsley having joined the party 
 at the Cherry Run camp meeting in Clarion Comity. Presi- 
 dent Barker alone was excluded, since he was not native born. 
 
 Kingsley and Williams were aggressive anti-slavery men 
 and made many public addresses for their cause. The gath- 
 ering at Pittsburgh, in 1850, to form the Republican party 
 aroused much interest. But there were from a dozen to a 
 score of students each year from below Mason and Dixon's 
 line. Alumni of Allegheny had gone into the South to teach, 
 and their praises of alma mater led their pupils to seek its 
 halls. These were not inclined to enter into controversy, but 
 they did object to assaults on their section from the pulpits, 
 on one Sabbath all the Southerners walking out of the church 
 where the slave holders were being belabored. 
 
 The period of President Barker was rich in the character 
 of the men upon whom the college placed its stamp. An edu- 
 cation was won in many instances after sharp sacrifice. Several 
 supported themselves by labor as printers, saddlers, carpenters 
 and mechanics of various sorts. Large numbers boarded them- 
 selves and the cost of living was astounding, judged by mod- 
 ern prices. With eggs at four cents a dozen, the expense 
 could be held to fifty cents a week. The alumni of the Fifties 
 went forth to render valiant services to their age. Certain 
 classes had outstanding groups in their membership. 
 
 Upon the roll of the graduates of 1852 were men like 
 Albert Long, the early missionary to Bulgaria and the vice- 
 president of Robert College, Constantinople, where the seed 
 was sown for a new Balkan world; Cyrus K. Holliday, one 
 of the builders of the W T est, the organizer and president of the 
 Atchison, Topeka and Sante Fe Railway; John F. Duncombe, 
 of Ft. Dodge, Iowa, a political leader of his State for years; 
 .Judge Christopher Heydrick, of the Superior Court of Penn- 
 sylvania, and Chief Justice Thomas Wilson, of Minnesota. In 
 the Class of 1854 were alumni such as Dr. J. W. Wangh, the 
 missionary publisher of India; Judge X. E. Worthington. of 
 
 [ U9 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 the U. S. Labor Commission of 1893; Congressman B. F. 
 Martin, of West Virginia, and Rev. Thomas H. Hagerty, of 
 St. Louis. Mo., Methodist home missionary and itinerant for 
 sixty years and still active. 
 
 Eminent educators then trained at Allegheny were Milton 
 Golf, president of Western University of Pennsylvania; 
 Ephraim Miller, dean of the University of Kansas; (). N. Harts- 
 horn, founder of Mt. Union College; James Marvin, chancellor 
 of the University of Kansas, and .John F. Eberhart, founder of 
 the Illinois Normal School. Other foreign missionary leaders 
 were James M. Thohurn. '57; Henry Mansell, 'oil. and James 
 Messmore, '50, all working in India. It was a stirring, sub- 
 stantial group of men to whom the college gave the baccalaure- 
 ate degree in 1857. J. M. Thoburn has achieved universal fame 
 in the Christian world as an apostle to Asia. Hon. Harvey 
 Henderson has served his church and his State in many worthy 
 capacities. T. Alsor Jones was a brilliant general in the Civil 
 War. There is here reproduced "The Society of Seven", from 
 a daguerreotype taken on graduation day. 
 
 m^r&^'kS^-- -W-*^ ; U^-^ J , x Ui' "* ^ 
 
 Thoburn Duff Henderson 
 
 "Heller 'Jones *Waujrli *Sterrett 
 
 L i"o ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 The new decade had scarcely been ushered in. when an 
 appalling calamity in the sudden death of President Barker 
 on Feb. 25, 1860, left the college and the entire community 
 prostrate. It was the first overwhelming and wide-spread grief 
 that the town in all its history had ever come to experience 
 keenly. The profound mourning was a subtle and true index 
 of the powerful impress Ihe personality of Dr. Barker had 
 made upon his associates and fellow citizens. In the memorial 
 address of Dr. Hunter, entitled "The Christian Teacher", the 
 circumstances of the demise were thus vividly described: 
 
 The evening of the twenty-fifth of February found him in apparently 
 excellent health. During the day he had been engaged in the duties 
 of his calling, and in offices of sympathy to bereaved neighbors. He 
 had afterwards met some of his friends on the streets, and in their 
 places of business, with his usual cheerful smile and pleasant greet- 
 ing; but by eight o'clock, that evening he was found insensible in his 
 chamber in the west wing of Bentley Hall. The pen had fallen from 
 his hand the manuscript lay on the table with his last corrections; 
 and in spite of all that medical skill and human sympathy could do, 
 shortly after the midnight hour, the lamp of life had ceased to burn. 
 I have little occasion to rehearse how startling was the surprise that 
 ran and spread through this whole community, when on that sad Sab- 
 bath morning, neighbor said to neighbor, and friend to friend, in 
 stifled accents, 'Doctor Barker is dead:' Memory recalls the scenes of 
 the three or four days intervening between his death and his interment 
 with those constant streams of citizens passing and repassing upon 
 College Hill the young and old, the rich and the poor, the high and 
 the low, the learned and the unlearned all with saddened counte- 
 nances, expressing the common conviction "We have lost a friend!' " 
 
 The fourth president of Allegheny had an amiability in 
 his personal relations and a social adaptability that rendered 
 him a universal favorite. His urbanity, associated with an 
 unselfishness and freedom from jealousy, and his superior 
 conversational powers gained him the affection of all who 
 knew him. His extensive and varied knowledge, his fund of 
 entertaining anecdotes, the sprightliness of his wit. his un- 
 varying good humor made him conspicuous and honored in 
 every social gathering of which lie was a part. 
 
 But Dr. Barker was generous and charitable to a fault. 
 He was not a money maker nor a money saver, but estimated 
 
 [ 151 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 liis financial resources only by Lis present wants or the neces- 
 sities of others. He literally divided his portion with the poor, 
 giving his coat to the man that had none, for his treasure was 
 not of this world. Even in the interment of this good and 
 sincere man, the private subscriptions of his friends bore the 
 expense. 
 
 By a marriage in 1843 with a Meadville lady, three chil- 
 dren had been left to the president upon the mother's death 
 in 1853. These now survived together with a second \\ife, but 
 
 the family was without a 
 home when it left the shel- 
 ter of Bentley Hall. The 
 liberality of friends in 
 Meadville and Pittsburgh 
 supplied this need. Dr. 
 Barker had become a mem- 
 ber of the Pittsburgh Con- 
 ference, advanced to dea- 
 con's orders and been sent 
 to the General Conference 
 of 1836 by his brethren. 
 It was Dr. Hamnett who 
 assumed the affectionate 
 trust of raising the money 
 to build the Barker memor- 
 ial residence. The lists yet 
 preserved show donations of lumber, nails, glass, labor, and 
 even grocery supplies. Very many contributors took delight 
 in having a share in the enterprise. The total gifts aggre- 
 gated twelve hundred dollars. 
 
 It was in the heart of the college that Dr. Barker reigned 
 as a prince. Every student knew instinctively that I be presi- 
 dent was his personal friend. He was a patient and prudent 
 adviser ami the young men came to him constantly for coun- 
 sel. He had a vital interest in the individual fellow and, if 
 (here were a wayward or discouraged lad on the Hill, he was 
 asked to the president's table to enjoy its intimate hospitality. 
 In the recitation room. Dr. Barker shone in all hN glory. 
 
 [ !'-' 1 
 
 4 A 
 
 
 . *..** ^jBBfR^^Bm- 
 
 '-i 
 
 
 h^^^^j 
 
 hm ' ^M^ 
 
 lISP ifl 
 
 The Barker Memorial
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 He so abounded in apt illustration, he had such an exuber- 
 ance of good humor, there was such a power in him to impart 
 charm to routine, lie had such a grasp of the subject and a 
 keenness of interpretation that the class period was one of 
 mingled instruction and entertainment. The boys had a tradi- 
 tion that there was no theme on which he was not qualified 
 to speak at once. In response to a test proposed privately in 
 a wager by a graceless youth, the president held forth one 
 day upon the pedigree of dogs, much to the joy of his confi- 
 dent backers. 
 
 The mental philosophy class met at eight in the morning 
 and the members were always keen to get the earliest glimpse 
 of the Doctor as he walked through the campus. If he came 
 rubbing his hands, then they knew they would have good 
 stories during the hour and extended comment upon the les- 
 son, but if he came with his hands behind him, then it was 
 certain that a session of quizzing and searching questions upon 
 the text of the day was ahead. 
 
 No one can measure the potency of this life transmuted 
 into the many hundreds who loved him so devotedly and 
 accepted his precepts. With all of the intellectual equipment 
 of Dr. Barker for his duties, his teaching by example has been 
 his most precious legacy to Allegheny College. He was an 
 object lesson of quiet force. This simple man was a powerful 
 man. The testimony of the Hon. dames A. Gary, '54, today 
 is that President Barker fixed for all time his ideals of Chris- 
 tian manhood. That never in a long life has this Maryland 
 statesman known any other man in an executive position who 
 achieved ends so unobtrusively, yet so effectively and perma- 
 nently as did Dr. John Barker. The one ambition of his career 
 was to do his Christian duty and benefit his fellow men. 
 
 The task of finding another president for the college was 
 laced at once. Dr. Williams meanwhile performing the execu- 
 tive duties. The spring term of 1860 brought several new 
 students. It was a matter of comment to observe the improve- 
 ment in the preparation of those entering college then as 
 compared with 1846, when many were scarcely out of the 
 spelling book and required common school instruction. The 
 
 [ 153 ]
 
 Rev. George Loomis. I). I).
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 academies by the Sixties were training youth for the Fresh- 
 man Class. 
 
 The plan of a quadrennial reunion of the alumni of Alle- 
 gheny had been adopted and the meeting in July brought a fine 
 outburst of college loyalty. Sixty old grads came buck from 
 the West and the South, where the Allegheny influence had 
 been conspicuous. India also supplied its quota. Professor 
 Marvin presided and in the class roll, .Judge Derickson, '21, 
 Judge Van Home, '35, Prof. Clarke, 'JO, Dr. Hamnett, '39. 
 G. W. Hawkins, '12, Sanford Hunt, '17, Prof, drier, '19, of 
 Western Reserve, Prof. Clark, '51, of Mt. Union, Judge Cray, 
 '53, of Iowa, Bancroft, '55, Henderson, '57, Mansell, '59. 
 responded. Judge Derickson, the president of the Alumni, 
 gave reminiscences of the days of Timothy Aid en and the first 
 graduating class. 
 
 In October the selection for the presidency was announced 
 to be the Rev. George Loomis, D. I). He was chosen, it was 
 said, because he was pre-eminently an educator, familiar with 
 the economy and the operation of colleges. He was to come 
 to Meadville with plans for putting Allegheny on a broader 
 basis. The Board of Trustees expected him to increase the 
 number of buildings, improve the grounds, enlarge the endow- 
 ment and promised him its cordial co-operation. One hundred 
 thousand dollars was named as a sum that should be secured, 
 if the college were to be placed on a substantial basis. 
 
 George Loomis was born June 30, 1817, at Attica, X. Y. 
 He prepared for college in the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary at 
 Lima, X. Y., earning the money for his education. He was 
 graduated from Wesleyan University in Connecticut in 1812. 
 being a member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon and Phi Beta 
 Kappa Societies. He was called to Genesee Wesleyan at once 
 lo be the professor of natural science. In 1811, he became 
 principal of the seminary and after three years of marked 
 success, he resigned to become chaplain of the American Sea- 
 man's Friend Society at Canton, China. Here he did a highly 
 important work organizing "Bethels". 
 
 After the return of Dr. Loomis to America in 1852, he was 
 elected the president of tin 1 Wesleyan Female College at Wil- 
 
 [ 155 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 inington, Delaware, the most prominent institution then of 
 the kind and grade under the patronage of the Methodist 
 Church. Here he remained six prosperous years, but the 
 Northern sympathies of the executive led him to offer his 
 resignation as the discussions in the border States over the 
 slavery issue became more acute. 
 
 Dr. Loomis was a man of heroic proportions, standing six 
 feet three inches in height and of robust figure. With his com- 
 manding physical presence went a deep, sonorous voice. He 
 was powerful and effective in pulpit address. His travels and 
 experience enabled him to approach all ranks of men with ease. 
 In social intercourse, he was affable, a ready and interesting 
 conversationalist. As a son of Wesleyan University, he was 
 warmly welcomed to the leadership of Allegheny. He had a 
 wide and valuable acquaintance in the Methodist denomina- 
 tion. His varied qualifications fitted him in an eminent degree 
 for his new responsibilities. 
 
 The new president was inaugurated on Jan. 22, 1861, in 
 Central Hall. Judge Derickson presided and gave the opening 
 address upon the influence of Allegheny in the community. 
 reviewing the administrations of Presidents Alden. Clark. 
 Ruter and Barker. He then delivered the keys of the college 
 to Dr. Loomis and administered the oath prescribed in the 
 charter. The inaugural address was a discussion of education 
 and made a fine impression. Hon. J. W. Howe next in his 
 peculiar vein urged the claims of Allegheny upon tin- hearts 
 and pockets of the citizens, the exercises concluding with a 
 collection in which i\\^ Trustees pledged three thousand dol- 
 lars. Meadville had grown to a place of 4000 people and the 
 college was its chief ornament. 
 
 Dr. Loomis grew in favor; notwithstanding the excitement 
 of the outbreak of the Civil War. college work continued as 
 usual. Twelve had left for home, three to the south, by the 
 middle of May. The next month saw the Allegheny Volunteers 
 march away for three years' service, while the Seniors in the 
 short service Meadville Volunteers came home from Cam]) 
 Wilkins to receive their diplomas with their class. The Com- 
 mencement brought many alumni back and there was much 
 enthusiasm for the college and its executive. The journey to 
 
 [ l 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Meadville from a distance was no longer made by stage coach. 
 An ex-student of 183G came from Pittsburgh by rail, leaving 
 at 1 a. m. and going to Cleveland, then to Girard and down to 
 Linesville, a distance of 270 miles, at a cost of $15.00. The 
 final stretch was completed by stage. Meadville being reached 
 at p. m. In another year the Atlantic and Great Western 
 was able to supply connections both east and west of the town. 
 
 The financial plans were pushed with much zeal. The Con- 
 ferences took special collections for a professorship in mathe- 
 matics. An educational anniversary was inaugurated. Dr. 
 Loomis traveled widely and learned the patronizing territory. 
 Additional gifts came from Pittsburgh. Judge Chamberlain, 
 who had made Allegheny a beneficiary, died, and the will went 
 to probate. The citizens of Meadville made a purse and bought 
 live acres to the south of the campus, preserving the viev of the 
 college from the valley. The Trustees were alert when Con- 
 gress passed the Land Grant Act for colleges, giving agricul- 
 tural instruction and petitioned that one-third of the thirty 
 thousand dollars of the State come to Allegheny. 
 
 It was a time of changes in the Faculty. Professor 
 Williams marched away to war and Dr. Hamnett was chosen 
 vice-president in his place. The vacancy in natural sciences 
 was tilled Aug. 1, 1862, by the election of Jeremiah Tingley, a 
 graduate of Asbury University, who had been teaching at 
 Baldwin Institute. James Marvin, '51, became, in 1862, the 
 professor of mathematics, having taught at Alfred Academy, 
 New York, and in Ohio. Alexander Martin resigned two years 
 later his chair of Greek and was succeeded by Professor A. B. 
 Hjde, who came from the Cazenovia Seminary. At this time. 
 Dr. Loomis was invited to the presidency of Genesee College, 
 but the Allegheny Board warmly protested against his 
 acceptance. 
 
 However, the war raging between North and South brought 
 inevitable serious confusion and loss to the college. The sec- 
 ond year closed with an attendance of one hundred and fifty 
 students, but an epidemic of small-pox made it necessary to 
 abandon any public Commencement. In .Tune, 1863, the 
 invasion of the State by Lee and the calling out of volunteers 
 
 [ 157 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 caused the graduating exercises to be postponed until August. 
 F. H. Pierpont, '39, governor of Virginia and the new West 
 Virginia, had come to make the alumni address, and spoke to 
 the citizens instead of the college body. The fall term opened 
 with eighty on the Hill. The attendance was little more than 
 half the enrollment of I860, the preparatory department 
 having fallen off sharply. Yet in the midst of this decline, 
 President Loomis was optimistic and abounding in plans for 
 the future of Allegheny. 
 
 The Campus of the Seventies 
 
 [ 158 ]
 
 CIIAI'TEK VI 
 
 ALLEGHENY IN THE CIVIL WAR 
 
 VER the college community in the 
 days of 1801 ran the fire of patri- 
 otism quite as fiercely as in other 
 assemblies of men. To Allegheny, 
 in the Fifties, had come not a few 
 youths from Louisiana, Mississ- 
 ippi, Tennessee and Virginia, yet, 
 as the political lines became more 
 sharply drawn in the nation over 
 the slavery issue, the college halls 
 were in the main free from sec- 
 tional controversy. The boys from 
 the South were good students, 
 spirited and loyal to the home- 
 land. Hut the tension, after the 
 firing on Ft. Sumter, became ac- 
 centuated beyond bounds. Rash 
 words were spoken about the cam 
 pus. Hitter recriminations then 
 followed and an indignation meet- 
 ing of the Northern students, which resulted in a committee of 
 three with R. N. Stubbs, 'G3, as chairman. 
 
 The ultimatum was. "Retract, or leave within twenty-four 
 hours for your homes". The Southern blood was too heated to 
 make apology and President Loomis in vain urged conciliation. 
 Within the allotted day. the group that had applauded the 
 attack in South Carolina bade farewell to Meadville. Right on 
 the heels of this episode came the flying of the Stars and 
 Stripes from the cupola of Old Bentley. The students gath- 
 ered in force on Saturday morning. April 20, and James E. 
 Stubbs, a stalwart six-footer, bore the colors over the roof to 
 the top-most point. Then the door to the tower was securely 
 
 [ 159 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 barred, so no unfriendly hand could remove the banner of the 
 North. 
 
 The flag raising- brought the sentiment of the college to the 
 highest pitch. It followed irresistibly that on the same after- 
 noon the boys of Allegheny met at the Court House. A few* 
 addresses were made, but the time was one for action. 1). V. 
 Derickson. as brigade inspector of the First Brigade, 20th Div. 
 P. M., had called for volunteers under the proclamation of 
 Governor Curtin. The first to inscribe his name on the roster 
 was Alexander Ashley and the second, Octavius L. Williams, 
 son of Professor Williams, and then they came in quick suc- 
 cession until seventy-eight of Allegheny's daring sous had 
 enlisted to become defenders of the Commonwealth of Pennsyl- 
 vania, and later of the Union. The College Company orga- 
 nized by electing Ira Aver. Jr., of Buffalo, X. Y., as captain, 
 Sion B. Smith of Alexandria, Tenn., first lieutenant, Oscar 
 Henning, the instructor in German, second lieutenant, George 
 H. Xorris of Windsor, O.. third lieutenant. 
 
 A great rally took place Monday night, April 22, in the 
 Court House, in response to the summons throughout the com- 
 munity of -'To arms, to arms!" Judge David Derickson, '21. 
 presided and resolutions were passed calling upon all citizens 
 to show evidences of their patriotism. The newly formed Col- 
 lege Volunteers shared the praises of the evening with an 
 earlier local company, named the Meadville Yolunteers, which 
 had been gathering recruits for a few days. The week previous 
 there had been nightly patriotic gatherings in the town. 
 
 This first company had enlisted for three months. Its 
 officers were S. B. Dick, '58, captain; G. II. Benms, first 
 lieutenant, and T. R. Kennedy, '55, second lieutenant. J. B. 
 Compton, '(51. and S. M. Davis, '61, weir privates. Orders came 
 to them on April 25 to prepare for immediate departure. They 
 went into camp at the fair grounds and the townsfolk sub- 
 scribed #3000 to tit them out. On May 2, the Meadville Yolun- 
 teers left via Linesville for Camp Wilkins. but the first call of 
 President Lincoln for 75,000 men had been met before the com- 
 pany reached Pittsburgh. It remained in camp until it was 
 
 r ioo l
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 placed in the Pennsylvania Reserve Corps, forming Company 
 F, 9 th Regiment. 
 
 However widely the people of Pennsylvania had differed 
 heretofore on questions of public policy and in reference to 
 political parties, they were unanimous in the defense of the 
 Union. The quota of the State was fourteen regiments, but in 
 ten days after the proclamation at Washington, twenty-five 
 regiments with arms, accoutrements and perfect organizations, 
 numbering 20,979 men, were in the field. On April 10, 1801, 
 Major General R. Patterson, commanding Pennsylvania troops 
 at Harper's Ferry, requested Governor Curtin to call out 
 twenty-five additional regiments of infantry and one of cavalry 
 to serve three months, and to be forthwith mustered into the 
 service of the United States. 
 
 But the secretary of war, at last realizing the seriousness of 
 the impending conflict, decided not to accept any more com- 
 panies enlisted for only a three months' period. So, on April 
 30, 1801, General Patterson's order was countermanded. In 
 response to this call, however, companies were meanwhile daily 
 arriving in Harrisburg. As a consequence, on the second of 
 May, a committee, Gideon J. Ball, chairman, reported a bill to 
 the lower house of the State Legislature, which provided for 
 the organizing of a military corps to be called the Reserve 
 Volunteer Corps of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. 
 
 This corps was to be composed of thirteen regiments of 
 infantry, one of cavalry, and one of light artillery, making 
 fifteen regiments in all, which were to be enlisted for a term of 
 three years, or for the war, or until dismissed, for the defense 
 of the State until such time as the United States Government 
 should call for them ; then to be mustered into the United 
 States army as requisitions from time to time should be made 
 Hence their name. Reserve Corps; though later, the men of 
 these regiments claimed they deserved their names because the 
 hardest campaignings of the war and the most scourging bat- 
 tles were reserved for the Reserve Corps of the different States. 
 On the sixteenth of May this bill was passed, and the call for 
 volunteers was sent throughout the State. 
 
 [ P'>1 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 The Allegheny College Volunteers were not so promptly to 
 move in the direction of the war. More than a month was to 
 elapse before their term of enlistment was to he arranged. 
 
 Britr. Gen. Ira Ayer, Jr. 
 
 But whether the period of service \v;is to be brief or long, the 
 loyalty of youth made no reckoning of time. On Friday, April 
 2f>, the ladies of Meadville presented the company with a Hag, 
 among whose silver stars \v;is the inscription, "Our Country 
 
 I 102 |
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Forever." Each soldier received a tiny flag of silk to wear 
 upon his coat. The ceremony was witnessed by a large gath- 
 ering of friends. The weeks were spent in drilling, with occa- 
 sional parades on Chestnut street to display the martial bear- 
 ing of the men. 
 
 Governor Curtin, on May 24, accepted the college company 
 for three years' service, at the urgent solicitations, it was said, 
 of the wife of Senator D. A. Finney, '40, who had come to Har- 
 risburg. But more than a fortnight of preparation ensued while 
 the quota of the company was filled by a score and more of 
 recruits from the western part of Crawford county. The young 
 soldiers went in a body, on June 2, to hear Prof. L. 1). Williams 
 preach on "The War for the Union", taking as his text Titus 
 3 :1. The Crawford Journal declared, "No finer band of young 
 men has gone to the war than those who compose the college 
 company, and they have the warmest wishes of the com- 
 munity." Ira Ayer, Jr., though an underclassman, was experi- 
 enced in military tactics and his selection to lead his comrades 
 was a wise choice. A gentle spirited man in private life, on 
 the firing line he was the incarnation of courage. 
 
 But finally on the eleventh of June, 18(51, the Allegheny 
 College Company, later known officially as Company I, 39th 
 Regiment, 10th Reserve, Pennsylvania Volunteers, gathered on 
 the campus for a farewell to the college which had nurtured 
 and matured them. Addresses of patriotism, loyalty and God- 
 speed to Allegheny's sons were made by President Loomis, as 
 well as by representatives of the Faculty and of the townsmen. 
 But the climax of the farewell was the presentation by Miss 
 Hattie Bain, later the wife of Lieutenant Milton Phelps, of a 
 beautiful flag to the college company from the ladies of Mead- 
 ville, who were already organizing themselves for "home ser- 
 vice" under the leadership of Mrs. Hannah Moore of the United 
 States Sanitary Commission. The parting injunction of Alle- 
 gheny's president was: "Come back with the flag, boys, or 
 come back wrapped in its folds." That standard is one of the 
 most precious treasures of the college today. 
 
 These exercises, however, can best be related by quoting 
 from a letter written by Octavius Williams to John A. Stuntz 
 
 [ 13 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 a college friend and messmate: "I would whisk some of the 
 dust from off that rememberer of yours as I call to mind the 
 gathering upon the college campus when the ladies (of Mead- 
 villei presented to us the beautiful flag with its thirty-four 
 stars and inscription, 'Semper Fidelis'. I can't give you the 
 bill of fare, as spread upon the tables, but you will admit it 
 was rather better than the menu at Uncle Samuel's hostelry 
 the Cam]) Wilkins Cafe, which a few days later became our 
 abode. 
 
 "It would not be a strain upon your forgetter to recall to 
 mind the little needle books, or rolls, supplied, containing 
 needles, thread, pins, scissors, etc., (Handy Betties, I think 
 they called them) which the good ladies gave us. Oh yes, and 
 there was another contraption which they supplied us with. 
 Do you remember the white muslin headgear sort of a white 
 cap arrangement with a flap to protect 'the poor boys' necks' 
 from the rays of a southern sun and made a fellow look as 
 though he had got his shirt on wrong end up? T don't think 
 those night caps they had some French name for them ever 
 got further south than Pittsburgh, do you? Of course you 
 remember our embarkation on the canal boat, J. D. Gill, having 
 been named for one of Meadville's most prominent citizens, 
 and later mayor of the town, with its skipper. 'Call' Dickson, 
 and our first night out, witli the lookout's frequent warning. 
 'Low bridge, full of spikes'. At Evansburg, Hartstown and 
 Shermansville our craft was honored with an anvil salute. Tt 
 was at the latter place we were treated to breakfast and a last 
 farewell and God-bless-you from Crawford County." 
 
 The local press of dune 18 gave its version of the departure 
 as follows : 
 
 The Allegheny College Volunteers, the second company from this 
 place, left for Camp Wright, near Pittsburgh, on Tuesday evening last 
 per canal boat. An immense crowd of citizens of both sexes and a!! 
 ages assembled upon the banks of the canal to bid them adieu. They 
 were as tine and manly a set of young soldiers as ever started for war, 
 and although but few of them went immediately from our midst, tney 
 had won largely upon the public sympathy, and the scene of their 
 departure was most affecting. 
 
 The line was formed about seven and one half o'clock upon the 
 
 [ 164 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 towing path, and as the roll was called, the men stepped upon the boat. 
 Each man was presented, as he stepped on board, with a "Havelock" 
 by some of our patriotic young ladies, whose earnest zeal in providing 
 for their comfort the volunteers will not soon forget. They were als ) 
 each presented with a copy of the New Testament by the Misses Mc- 
 Farland and Ellis a gift from a few of the ladies which were thank- 
 fully received. The occasion was enlivened with music by the Cornel 
 Band, and an occasional national song from the young ladies, which rose 
 up clearly and beautifully in the still evening air. 
 
 At about eight and one quarter o'clock the boat weighed anchor and 
 the gallant company gradually moved out of sight, amid the cheers of 
 the spectators, which were lustily returned from the boat. The earnest 
 prayers of the good people of Meadville follow the young men in the 
 noble mission upon which they have gone. 
 
 The form of transportation wan not rapid, but it was sure, 
 and after three days the destination was reached. This inarch 
 by canal boat was largely a triumphal procession. Even- town 
 along the route strove to do honor to the young soldiers and 
 war in anticipation was one long holiday. On the morning on 
 the twelfth of June at six o'clock the company left "the raging 
 canal" for a hike of a mile to breakfast at Sherman's Corners. 
 At Hartstown, a bevy of twenty young ladies came on the boat 
 and rode to the next lock. At Greenville, a mile from town, 
 the local brass band met the college recruits and escorted them 
 to supper and addresses by the pastors of the place. By night 
 to Sharon, the second day brought more dining, speeches and 
 patriotic songs by the ladies. At Middlesex, the private homes 
 welcomed the Allegheny boys to their hospitality and a gath- 
 ering of a thousand loyalists cheered them off on their boat 
 again. From New Castle to Cam]) Wilkins the journey was 
 rapid and uneventful. 
 
 This camp was on the fair grounds, east of Pittsburgh, and 
 many other companies were assembled here before the second 
 Meadville company arrived. Of the three regiments camping 
 at Wilkins by June first, a student member of the Meadville 
 Volunteers wrote home, "There are some boys who attended 
 Allegheny in nearly every company on the grounds, and we 
 have great delight in talking over college days." Soon the Col- 
 lege Volunteers lost in a measure their identity by being 
 merged, on June 20, into the Thirty-ninth Regiment, Tenth
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Reserve, commonly known as the 10th Regiment, P. R. V. C. 
 The regimental officers were Col. John S. McCalmont, '40. of 
 the regular army. James T. Kirk, lieutenant colonel, and Har- 
 rison Allen, major. The Allegheny group was made Company I. 
 Jefferson College furnished Company D of the same regiment. 
 
 The barracks at Camp Wilkins were originally built and 
 used for the Allegheny County Fair. The buildings were 
 simply rough wooden structures. Stalls, pens and sties were 
 fitted up along the sides with boards two or three feet wide, 
 and upon these the boys slept. Of these stoic couches one of 
 the boys writes. "I never before realized just how hard a plank 
 was, or how sharp were bones until I had occupied one of these 
 bunks for a couple of nights. I imagine the soldiers of today 
 would set up a mighty protest if they were turned into such an 
 enclosure like animals, with no more than we had, and told to 
 make themselves comfortable ! But disagreeable as were our 
 surroundings, what a paradise we would have struck if in 
 March, 1862, when moving from Hunters' Mills to Alexandria, 
 we could have turned into such a structure. It was here that 
 we began to cut our eye teeth and to thoroughly comprehend 
 the difference between home comforts and the uncomfortable 
 things of a military camp, between the meals our mothers 
 served, yes, and the ones Old Allegheny provided, and the fare 
 of a soldier. 
 
 "After we had each drawn a tin plate, a knife, a fork, a 
 large and a small spoon, and a tin tup, we were ready for our 
 several portions of hard tack, salt pork, beans, coffee and 
 sugar, with occasionally corned beef instead of salt pork. 'Em- 
 balmed beef, which we hear so much about nowadays, had 
 not yet been discovered. After a few days, we were more accus- 
 tomed to the ways of camp life, had a company cook, and were 
 occasionally treated to such luxuries and delicacies as fresh 
 beef, potatoes, bean or vegetable sou]), and soft bread, as 
 bakers' bread was called to distinguish it from hard tack. 
 Furthermore, either the planks we slept on grew mellowed 
 somewhat, or the sharp points of our hip bones must have be- 
 come rounded oil", for it was not long before we could lie down 
 and sleep comfortably any place." 
 
 I lfifi 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 O. L. Williams, who kept a diary (luring his enlistment, and 
 until he was discharged because of wounds in the second year, 
 wrote of the boys in this camp, after re-reading in later years 
 his entries for those days, "I often wonder if any of the sur- 
 vivors of that original company have ever, in mind, compared 
 that undrilled, ununifonned and intensely unsophisticated lot 
 of boys with their camp equipage, consisting principally of 
 bundles of clothes, bed blankets, and patchwork quilts, with 
 the thoroughly drilled, uniformed and equipped State and Na- 
 tional Guard which every State in the Union can now muster 
 in less than twenty-four hours' notice? Was there ever so 
 green a lot of soldiers as we were, who made up the bulk of 
 the forces that rallied to the support of Father Abraham? 
 
 "It would be utterly impossible to again muster such a lot 
 of greenhorns, because every school boy now knows a little 
 something about military drill, while we actually did not know 
 the meaning of 'right and left face' when we first subscribed 
 our names to the college company's roll. Still we were as well 
 schooled in military tactics as most of the volunteers, and 'reg- 
 ulars' were almost unknown in the Army of the Potomac to 
 which we were assigned. Indeed, the passing of a company of 
 regulars would attract almost as much attention as a circus. 
 
 "We will seek in vain for any satisfactory reason why sucli 
 a vast throng of the rawest kind of raw recruits that filled 
 Camp Wilkins should offer their services and propose to stand 
 between their Union and its enemies, except on the ground of 
 genuine love and highest loyalty nothing short of tbe most 
 intense, patriotic impulses. I can compare it to nothing but 
 the response of Isaiah, 'Here am I, Lord, send me', when in his 
 vision he heard his Lord say, 'Whom shall I send and who will 
 go for us ?' " 
 
 When the Allegheny Company reached Camp Wilkins, it 
 was in a filthy condition, rations were poor and irregular and 
 consequently much sickness prevailed. But under the ener- 
 getic efforts of the commandant. Colonel Hays, '40, it was soon 
 made clean, the food became wholesome, plentiful and regular, 
 so that the camp quickly attained a military appearance. Here, 
 too. Company I's ranks were augmented by transfers so as to 
 
 [ 17 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 make up its full quota of men though none of the Allegheny 
 boys were transferred at that time, so that they might keep 
 their identity as Allegheny College's representation in the 
 northern army. Alexander Ashley wrote to Meadville of his 
 impressions as follows: "I like the Tenth Regiment, there are 
 more God-fearing men in it than in others, ('amp life abounds 
 in swearing, obscenity and gambling, but our chaplain. Rev. J. 
 M. Green, of the Erie Conference, is an energetic leader. He is 
 holding religious services and our Allegheny boys are active." 
 
 On July 1. they moved twelve miles up the river to Camp 
 Wright, and on the eighteenth left for Cumberland, Md., but 
 before reaching Boiling Springs, a few miles from Hopewell, 
 orders were received to countermarch and report to Harris- 
 burg, there to be mustered into the United States Army for 
 three years' service, on the twenty-first of July, 1861, the day 
 the disastrous battle of Bull Run was fought. On the night of 
 the twenty-second, the Tenth started for Washington, going 
 first by rail to Baltimore. Here they camped by the station for 
 a few hours on the twenty-third, where they were met by a 
 much flustered city police force, warning them of the possibility 
 of being attacked in the streets, as the Sixth Massachusetts 
 had been by a mob of angry secessionists a few weeks before, if 
 they attempted to march through the city. 
 
 But Colonel McCalmont, declining to entertain any such a 
 proposition, ordered the distribution of twenty rounds of shot 
 and then with the significant order, ''Fix bayonets, route step, 
 inarch", led his men directly through the city unmolested, with 
 bands playing and flags waving. It was on this march that the 
 regiment secured its mascot in the shape of a little darkey boy 
 who, attracted by the martial music and the sound of tramping 
 feet, fell into step at the head of the column. When they broke 
 ranks, he made himself so useful in holding horses, finding 
 tools, pegging tents, etc.. that he was allowed to accompany tin; 
 men, with whom he was a great favorite, during their long and 
 arduous campaigning extending over three years. They never 
 knew any other name for him than that of 'Baltimore', with 
 which the soldiers christened him. 
 
 The troops bivoucked on the common south of the city. 
 
 [ 168 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Here they spent the night, and on the twenty-fourth moved on 
 to Washington, arriving there the following day, and encamped 
 within a mile of the Capitol. In September, Company I was 
 assigned to picket duty at Great Falls, on the Potomac River, 
 being retained in Tenallytown a week for drill and review by 
 General McCall, who pronounced the regiment in excellent war 
 trim and assigned them to the third brigade of the Army of 
 the Potomac, Brigadier General E. O. C. Ord, commanding. 
 
 The division was assembled Sept. 10th on the parade ground 
 for review and each regiment was presented with a handsome 
 flag by Governor Curtin, who was accompanied by President 
 Lincoln, General McCall, General McClellan, General Butler, 
 Secretary of War Cameron and their several stall's. Thousands 
 of people from Washington and the surrounding country, in 
 carriages and on foot, were present to witness the presentation. 
 The flags were the gift of the Society of Cincinnati, the des- 
 cendants of "Heroes and Sages of the Revolution." 
 
 On October 10, Company I with the Reserves' regiment 
 was ordered across into Virginia to assist in keeping ''all quiet 
 along the Potomac", so that their left wing connected with 
 General Smith's division. Their baptism of fire came on De- 
 cember 10 at the battle of Dranesville. The Third brigade, 
 composed of four regiments and the "Bucktails" (First Rifles) 
 drove the enemy in confusion from the field, the first victory of 
 the Army of the Potomac. One of the college boys, in his 
 memoirs, thus describes the engagement : 
 
 "The 10th regiment had come to a halt. General Ord was 
 with Eastman's battery, which was posted beside a small white 
 church, perhaps a fourth of a mile west of where our regiment 
 stood. Colonel McCalmont, knowing we were likely to run into 
 trouble, was instructing the officers and men in the formation 
 of square by platoons of companies to resist cavalry, a move- 
 ment we had never before practiced. Presently from away on 
 our left through the woods came sounds as of picket firing, and 
 a few minutes later the captain of Company A of the Bucktail 
 regiment came lunging through the woods as though the canni- 
 bals were after him and shouted to our commander, 'Colonel, 
 the pickets are driven in and the Bncktails are attacked'. The 
 
 [ 169 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Colonel replied, 'That's nothing to me; go to the general with 
 it.' The last we saw of the captain he was fairly flying up the 
 road towards the battery. 
 
 "He had time to get scarcely half way there when the bat- 
 tery limbered up and wheeled into the road, and with General 
 Ord riding beside it, the horses came back down the rough cob- 
 blestone pavement at a gallop, making enough racket to waken 
 an Egyptian mummy. The general called to us, 'Men, make a 
 flank movement and let the battery through.' In an instant we 
 were in the ditch and the horses dashed forward at their utmost 
 speed, the gunners clinging to their positions as the wagons 
 bounded over the stones, like monkeys clinging to circus ponies. 
 I remember the order given the colonel as they galloped by as 
 though it were but yesterday for this was our first engage- 
 ment. Without slacking his pace, with visor upturned as 
 usual, and mustache more bristling than ever, the general 
 turned in his saddle and said, 'Colonel, march your men to sup- 
 port this battery', and on they sped. Colonel McCalmont im- 
 mediately brought "Old Bobtail' to an about face and straight- 
 ening himself up, gave in his deep stentorian voice the com- 
 mand, 'Ba tal lion. At ten tion! Right face! Forward 
 double quick March!' 
 
 "We followed the battery but a short distance, perhaps 
 thirty or forty rods, when, on account of the bend in the road, 
 the colonel, to make a crosscut, ordered the pioneers with their 
 axes to knock down a length of fence and we filed to the left 
 across the field. Up to this time our colors were rolled up and 
 sheath drawn over them. We were about half way across the 
 field, when the color bearer pulled off its covering and unrolled 
 the flag, and scarcely had it straightened in the breeze when a 
 rebel shell came screaming over our heads and burst away off 
 on our left, and though the shell passed probably seventy-five 
 or a hundred feet over our heads, T never before or since saw 
 such dodging. Scarcely an officer or man in the regiment failed 
 to make a very low bow on introduction to that first shell. We 
 had not yet learned that the balls one hears, or sees, are the 
 ones he may laugh at. 
 
 "The battery was quickly planted on a knoll and began to 
 
 [ 170 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 respond briskly to the Confederate guns. We took a position 
 directly behind the guns, and while we were nominally support 
 ing the battery, that knoll was supporting us. From our posi- 
 tion we could not see what was going on in front, though we 
 could hear the terrible musketry firing by the 9th Regiment 
 close by, and twice or thrice Colonel McCalmont, now on foot, 
 came back from a position where he could observe what was 
 going on, and informed us that Stuart's Black Horse Cavalry 
 was about to charge on the battery, but thanks to the marks- 
 manship of our gunners, a ball struck one of the Confederate 
 caissons and blew it up, killing nearly all the gunners, a num- 
 ber of their horses and scattering the cavalry, brought the en- 
 gagement to a speedy termination, the enemy beating a hasty 
 retreat. The federal loss was eight killed and sixty-four 
 wounded, though none of the Company I boys figured in the 
 casualties." 
 
 Early in March, 1SG2, when the grand forward movement of 
 the army was made, the Tenth inarched to Hunter's Mills and 
 after a day of picket duty, on to Alexandria. Shortly after, the 
 Reserves marched through Fairfax and Centreville (where the 
 wooden guns were still in position) on to Manassas Junction. 
 Thence they went to Catlett's Station and across country to 
 Fredericksburg. About this time. Colonel McCalmont resigned 
 and was succeeded by Lieutenant Colonel Kirk over the regi- 
 ment. The division was sent by water to the Peninsula, and on 
 the 14th of June was attached to Porter's Corps and held the 
 right of the line near Mechanicsville. Now Company I was 
 thrown forward as skirmishers, holding the left bank of the 
 Chickahominy River, and Gaines Mills, where the college com- 
 pany received its first scourging and was greatly reduced in 
 numbers. 
 
 At Gaines Mills was a small stream, with a deep channel, 
 approached by a wooded slope on the left bank. Behind this 
 were level fields. General McCall drew his troops up in three 
 lines in the woods, replacing the first line with the second, 
 while the first recuperated, the second with the third, then the 
 third with a fresh line reformed from the survivors of the first 
 and second lines; while he had his artillery placed behind in 
 
 [ HI ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 the level fields and which he did not intend to use until his 
 army had been driven back out of the woods by the enemy. 
 
 The Allegheny Company was first ordered to the left, where 
 the firing from the enemy's guns was terrific, and from where it 
 proved impossible to return. Many fell here. Then the order 
 came to charge. Down the slope into the ravine, up the other 
 side where they were safer as the artillery was fired over their 
 heads to the brow of the hill, clearing the woods of the enemy 
 and holding their advanced position despite the frequent and 
 desperate attempts of the rebels to dislodge them, until night- 
 fall when they with the whole brigade were withdrawn across 
 the Chickahominy. Company I lost six killed, three missing 
 (probably killed) and seventeen wounded in this engagement. 
 Those killed were King, Wright, J. AY. YTikoff. Church, Bole 
 and Pier. 
 
 After crossing the Chickahominy during the night, the 
 wounded were removed to the field hospital and the company 
 found its division at Charles City Cross Roads. Of this with- 
 drawal, Captain Aver wrote thus, "I think I have never seen 
 examples of greater endurance than exhibited upon the part of 
 the wounded in this retreat across the Chickahominy. Satur- 
 day they were lying all day at the hospital with little or no 
 attention. The weather was exceedingly warm. Sunday they 
 marched all day through a sweltering sun, resting perhaps 
 two hours in the middle of the day. The garments of many 
 of them were stiff with blood. They had no nourishing food. 
 Their wounds had simply been bound up with no further 
 attention, and they were already much annoyed with worms. 
 
 ''Still there was no murmur. All endured cheerfully. 
 Toward evening the wounded men passed through a field in 
 which there were a number of sheep, when Sergeant Hollister. 
 notwithstanding that his arm was so shattered as afterwards 
 to require amputation, took his revolver and in company with 
 others, after ;i hard chase, succeeded in bringing one of them 
 down. Having detailed one. of my men to help them along, he 
 made a good kettle of mutton broth, of which they all partook 
 and were much invigorated.'' 
 
 But they had need of all their strength, for they .-cached 
 
 [ 172 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Charles City Cross Roads just in time for the hard battle which 
 occurred there, quickly followed by a tenaciously contested 
 light at Malvern Hill, in which the College Company was used 
 as Reserves, on account of their exhaustion, and while not 
 actually engaged, yet were present, and retained on the battle 
 field. The account of the Peninsular campaign, as given in 
 a letter written at Harrison's Landing, .July 21, 1862, by 
 George Norris, 'Gl, quartermaster of the 10th Regiment, has 
 many thrilling passages: 
 
 "I feel that I am unable to give you a detailed account of the Seven 
 Days' battle before Richmond. After our arrival, hardly a day passed 
 without our being under arms. Almost perfect quiet reigned through 
 our Camp the sound of the fife, the drum and the bugle was not as 
 formerly heard. The sharp crack of the picket's rifle and sometimes 
 skirmishing along our lines, with an occasional boom of a big gun from 
 either side, its whiz-whizzing sound, exploding of the shell, etc., was all 
 that broke the stillness the solemn stillness that boded the coming of 
 storm. We were not allowed to have large fires in daytime, and none at 
 all at night, as this would have exposed us to the shot and shell of the 
 enemy. 
 
 At noon, Thursday, June 26, we received orders to be ready to 
 march at a moment's notice to the rear of Woodbury Bridge (over the 
 Chickahominy). About 4 p. m., crack! crack! went the pickets' rifles, 
 then volleys of musketry and within ten minutes, our four batteries were 
 planted and hurling their deadly missiles at the foe. The battle thus 
 begun at Mechanicsville raged till ten o'clock. Seven batteries of 
 artillery reinforced us and the roar of the conflict surpassed the greatest 
 storm you ever heard. The flash from the cannon was like the light- 
 ning's glare. The enemy charged our batteries and rifle pits again and 
 again, but were promptly met every time with a perfect shower of lead, 
 cannister and grape, which swept them down as the autumnal winds 
 sweep the forests of their covering, literally piling them in heaps. 
 
 At Gaines Mills, the fight began at noon. Neither side gained any 
 ground until about six o'clock in the evening when the Rebels, being 
 heavily reinforced, and our men done out by long fighting, drove our 
 troops from the woods on the left and charged upon our batteries. Just 
 at this juncture, cheer after cheer came up from the direction of Wood- 
 bury Bridge, and in a few moments 1 learned that the famous Irish 
 Brigade was hastening to our relief. With a shout for 'Ould Ireland and 
 America forever', they charged, drove back the foe and retook the 
 ground lost previously. In this battle our company (I) had the greatest 
 loss of any one company in the Tenth. 
 
 [ 173 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 At daylight, the next day, we received orders to about face and move 
 towards the James river. We proceeded to Charles City Cross Roads, 
 where we lay down in line of battle for the night. No tires were allowed, 
 nor noises of any kind. The same deathlike stillness prevailed tonight 
 as that of last night, and the same ominous signal lights were occasion- 
 ally seen. On such occasions, a feeling, not of dread or fear, but of awe 
 stole over me. The enemy came up about noon and the Hght com- 
 menced, the Rebels getting an awful drubbing, after which our troops 
 fell back to Savage Station, and again awaited the enemy. Here the 
 contest was more equal than in the morning, but after some pretty sharp 
 fighting, the enemy was again repulsed. After the fight of June 30th, 
 our forces fell back to Malvern Hill which is near to Turkey Island bend 
 in the James river. 
 
 Here our troops were soon drawn up in line of battle and notwith- 
 standing the circumstances of our having but little sleep for live con- 
 secutive nights and being very weary from our great labors during as 
 many days, yet we eagerly awaited the coming of the foe. In a short 
 time General McClellan rode along our lines; cheer after cheer of tens of 
 thousands rent the air, bands were playing, and all felt again strong to 
 do and dare for the cause of his beloved country. McClellan in person 
 formed our heavy lines. At three the tight started fiercely. Three 
 times the foe tried to break our lines and drive us back, but each time 
 was repulsed with great slaughter." 
 
 After the battle of Malvern Hill, the third brigade went to 
 Harrison's Landing. Here Major Sion B. Smith, formerly of 
 Company I, resigned and was succeeded by Captain Knox of 
 Company E. The Tenth was the last regiment to embark in the 
 transfer from the James to the Rappahannock and on August 
 11 it advanced to Belle Plain and on to Manassas, where it 
 joined General Pope, being the first contingent from the Army 
 of the Potomac to report for duty. The Reserves fought in the 
 second Bull Run. and on Aug. 2!) several feints were made by 
 them with a view of drawing oil the enemy from other points of 
 attack. Late in the evening they were shelled by their foes, but 
 were removed and sent out on picket duty. Captain Aver hav- 
 ing charge of the line. On the 30th, tin 1 Tenth was posted on 
 the extreme left, where a heavy attack fell late in the day. The 
 men fought bravely, suffering severe loss, but had to fall back 
 before the superior force. 
 
 Crossing into Maryland, at the battle of South Mountain. 
 Sept. 14, the division succeeded in gaining the crest of the 
 
 [ 174 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 ridge, thereby turning the enemy's flank and capturing many 
 prisoners. The Reserves again led the advance two days later 
 and opened the great battle of Antietam. It fell to the lot of 
 the college boys to help in the special detail made by General 
 Hooker to prevent the enemy from turning the right flank of 
 the Union army. By daring work in the corn field in the region 
 of the Dunkard church, the entire rebel movement was halted 
 and deflected. Colonel Warner of the Tenth was severely 
 wounded in the action. He was especially praised in the offi- 
 cial report of General Meade for his efficiency. Captain Aver 
 of Company T was promoted to be major of the regiment. 
 
 In the following operations about Fredericksburg, the 
 Tenth, on Dec. 10th, was at the Rappahannock, three miles 
 below the town, where two pontoon bridges w T ere laid and a 
 crossing effected. On the 13th, it joined in the attack under a 
 destructive fire of musketry and artillery, which carried the 
 rebel entrenchments. But support being lacking, the division 
 was forced to retire with heavy loss. Before cover was 
 reached, Edward Henderson, AY. S. Rose and Dick Wilson of 
 Company I were captured and sent to Libby prison in Rich- 
 mond. While the Reserves were recuperating, the battle of 
 Chancellorsville was fought, the only engagement of the Army 
 of the Potomac in which the Allegheny company had no part. 
 
 The regiment, in command of Major Aver, joined in the 
 toilsome but fruitless attempt of Burnside to again offer battle, 
 but soon was ordered to the defences of Washington to rest and 
 recruit. Some companies were so reduced by constant service 
 as to be able to muster only four or five men for parole and 
 these without a commissioned officer or sergeant. They re- 
 mained on East Capitol Hill until June 1st, when they returned 
 to Upton Hill. Now recovered from their wounds, the bronzed 
 and weather-beaten veterans would never have been recognized 
 as the novices who made their entrance upon the tragic scene 
 in 1861. 
 
 But at Upton Hill couriers awaited them, announcing that 
 the armies of both the north and the south were hurrying by 
 forced marches to Gettysburg as the outcome of the en- 
 counter probably depended upon who first reached the field 
 
 [ 175 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 and thus secured the most advantageous stand for the im- 
 pending mighty conflict. For the flrst time since their muster 
 in as a reserve corps for the defense of the Commonwealth of 
 Pennsylvania, after nearly three years of service, the Alle- 
 gheny College boys were to defend their own State from the 
 invasion of the enemy. The Reserves reached Gettysburg on 
 July 2nd and went into battle on the evening of that day. 
 Driving the enemy before them, they took the low ground be- 
 tween Round Top and Little Round Top, which position was 
 held until the close of the fighting. The fragments of rock 
 at hand were built into a heavy stone wall, that withstood a 
 vigorous artillery fire and an attack by the infantry. The loss 
 of the Union army at this point was not large, but in the 
 succor of the wounded a member of the college company dis- 
 tinguished himself. 
 
 John H. Stuntz and William J. Mitchell were the musi- 
 cians, lint after the battle they carried the stretchers to bring 
 the stricken to safety. On the base of Little Round Top, 
 
 Stuntz did not wait for his com- 
 panion, but sallied forth to help a 
 wounded soldier. While bearing 
 the man upon his back, he slipped 
 and fell heavily upon the rocks. 
 But Stuntz. exposed to the fire of 
 friend and foe, would not surren- 
 der the burden, and upon hands 
 and knees got him to the company's 
 lines. The injury from the fall 
 made the Allegheny student an in- 
 valid for life. This was but one of 
 several brave deeds, he having in 
 a similar fashion, at Gaines Mills. 
 carried George Beach in safety over 
 a bridge about to be destroyed. 
 
 After the battle of Gettysburg. 
 
 Company 1 followed Lee across 
 
 the Potomac and was engaged at 
 
 John h. stuntz. *65 Bristoe Station. The Tenth then 
 
 [ 17fi 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 crossed the Rappahannock at Kelly's Ford, driving ahead of 
 them the enemy, who did not even take their tents, our boys 
 occupying them for the night. They next proceeded to Park- 
 er's store and from thence to New Hope church, where a cav- 
 alry battle occurred, the infantry coming to aid. In the rush, 
 the college company, leading the attack, lost track of its regi- 
 ment. But the Tenth was joined at Mine Run, after once more 
 the enemy had been dislodged. 
 
 Returning from this campaign, the boys went into winter 
 quarters at Manassas Junction. Company I was detailed to 
 act as provost guard at brigade headquarters. Before this, it 
 had done picket duty along the Orange and Alexandria rail- 
 road, by which route supples were sent to the army. Inci- 
 dentally, the college men kept guard over a schoolhouse in the 
 vicinity where the faithful teacher continued her school. 
 Major Aver was promoted to be lieutenant colonel of the 
 Tenth. 
 
 When the army gathered at Culpepper, April 29, the Re- 
 serves were there. Company I crossed the Rapidan into the 
 Wilderness to Chancellorsville, being strung out all night as 
 a picket in the woods May 4th. The next morning it went 
 ahead as a skirmish line and was the first to become engaged 
 in the battle of the Wilderness. Colonel Aver was here badly 
 wounded. On the 8th and 9th, at Spottsylvania, most des- 
 perate of fights, the men were hotly engaged and charged the 
 enemy's intrenchments three times in vain. 
 
 As the remnants of the Allegheny Company were drawn up 
 in front of Bethesda Church, on May 30th, after crossing the 
 Pamunkey, orders came from Washington to the corps head- 
 quarters, relieving the troops from further service, as the three- 
 year period of enlistment had expired. This order was in the 
 possession of Capt. E. H. Henderson, '63. the A. A. G. of the 
 Third brigade, at the precise moment that a large force of the 
 enemy delivered an attack. The troops that would take the 
 place of the Pennsylvania men had not yet arrived. Captain 
 Henderson kept the order of the Secretary of War in his pocket 
 and the command to advance was given. It was the kind of a 
 decision that Allegheny knows her true sons will ever make. 
 
 [ ITT ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 The Reserves, driven back iii some disorder at first by the 
 fierce onslaught, gained a favorable position behind a tempor- 
 ary breast-work of rails and checked the foe. At last, the 
 Confederates gave way, leaving 300 dead on the field, and 
 losing a larger number of prisoners in the rout that followed. 
 Such was the last engagement of the Allegheny College 
 Volunteers. When it was ended, they furled their battle flags 
 and bade farewell to the army, whose fortunes and misfortunes 
 they had shared for so long a time. On May 31 they started 
 their march to Pittsburgh, and on June 11, 1861, they were 
 mustered out. A few of the survivors re-enlisted and became 
 a part of Company K, 191st Pennsylvania Volunteers. The 
 casualties in Company I in the three years were: killed and 
 mortally wounded, 26; wounded, 36; died, 8; discharged for 
 disability, 25. Prof. S. P. Bates, in the official "History of 
 Pennsylvania Volunteers'', writes: ''This brave body of men, 
 the Tenth Regiment, which had fought in nearly every battle 
 in which the army of the Potomac had been engaged, was not 
 excelled in valor by any other organization of the division." 
 
 COMPANY B, 18th PENNSYLVANIA CAVALRY 
 
 Five Allegheny students had rank and honor in another 
 arm of the military service of the North, being connected with 
 a cavalrj- regiment, which, before the war had ended, won for 
 itself the soubriquet of the "Fighting Eighteenth." Four of 
 these men were in Company B, recruited in Crawford County, 
 and all were or became commissioned officers. Three of them 
 raised the company, traveling throughout the county to 
 secure enlistments, and holding meetings. They were students 
 of law in Meadville and were vouched for by the leading attor- 
 neys of the local bar. 
 
 The captain of the company was John W. Phillips, '60, of 
 Watertown, Tenn. He was introduced at the time of the dedi- 
 cation of his regimental monument on the field of Gettysburg 
 as. "one who, severing the ties of friendship at his home in a 
 Confederate State, entered the service of his country, fresh 
 from his alma mater. On the very spot on which von now 
 
 r its i
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 stand, he shed his blood in the defense of the Union to which 
 he was so true and loved so well." 
 
 James W. Smith, 'GO, classmate and fellow townsman in 
 Tennessee of Captain Phillips, was second lieutenant of the 
 company, but promoted to first lieutenant on April 26, 1864, 
 and made captain Dec. 2. He resigned February 25, 1865. 
 
 David T. McKay, '62, of Crawford County, was first lieu- 
 tenant. He was captured at Culpepper Court House, Sept. 13, 
 1863, and sent to Libby prison and Camp Sorghum, being held 
 until March, 1865. 
 
 Thomas J. Grier, '65, of Somerset, enlisted in Company B 
 at Meadville and went out as first sergeant. He was made 
 second lieutenant, April 26. 1861, first lieutenant, Dec. 2, 1861, 
 and captain, April 11, 1865. Captain Grier kept the daily 
 itinerary of his regiment and became the historian of the 
 Eighteenth. He was the first president of the Survivors' Asso- 
 ciation, organized by his veteran comrades in 1887. 
 
 James R. Weaver was the fifth Allegheny man in the 18th 
 Cavalry. He became its sergeant major after having first 
 enlisted in Company B as private. 
 
 The young college officers were busy in September and 
 October securing recruits. They sent out the following 
 broadside : 
 
 CAVALRY 
 
 PATRIOTS 
 
 TO ARMS! 
 
 r rHE undersigned have been authorized by the Government to raise a company of Cavalry. 
 -*- This county's quota is not yet full by over two hundred men. 
 
 THE DRAFT WILL SURELY BE MADE 
 
 All who would avoid the draft and have the satisfaction of volunteering in the service of 
 their country, are invited to go with us. All bounties will be paid by the Government and 
 the county. In answer to direct inquiry, the following dispatch was received by us to-day: 
 "The Government bounty will be paid for Cavalry if reported for service on 
 or before the 20th. A. G. CURTIN." 
 
 A War Meeting to aid Enlistments will be held 
 
 At Blooming Valley On Sept. 20, 1862 
 
 It will be addressed by able Speakers. Come on fellow citizens, and let us fill up the quota 
 
 for this countv at once. It is the last and best opportunity you will have. 
 
 JOHN W. PHILLIPS, 
 JAMES W. SMITH, 
 DAVID T. M'KAY. 
 
 Recruiting Headquarters-- South West Corner Diamond, at Jos. Derickson's Office. 
 3 REFERENCES in Meadvnllr:-- Hon. J. W. Howe, Col. H. L. Richmond, Hon. G. Church, 
 
 Finney & Douglass, and A. B. Richmond, Esq. 
 
 [ 170 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 The rendezvous for the regiment was Camp Simmons, near 
 Harrisburg, and hither the Crawford County boys went in 
 November, one hundred and four in number. The winter was 
 passed in northern Virginia, drilling. The Confederate Mosby 
 took some of the men prisoners, but returned them to the 
 Eighteenth with the message that, unless they were better 
 equipped, it would not pay to capture them. But the horsemen 
 learned the art of war and became the Third Division, Cavalry 
 Corps, of the Army of the Potomac. The brigade commander 
 was Gen. E. J. Farnsworth. 
 
 The cavalry was employed most effectively in the days pre- 
 ceding the battle of Gettvsburg. It was able to threaten Laws' 
 
 (Original in Memorial Hall, Pittsburgh. Painted by A. G. Richmond, '70.) 
 
 The scene is on the third day of the battle near the Devil's Den. and the charge 
 
 was against the First Texas Infantry. Lieut. McKay was near his 
 
 general as he fell. The figure riding without hat or coat 
 
 is Leon Kissel, of Crawford County. 
 
 infantry so vigorously as to prevent it from supporting the 
 movement of General Pickett upon the Union center. The 
 rebels held a strong position, the ground covered with large 
 rocks making it most difficult for mounted men. Yet the 
 division commander ordered a charge by Farnsworth's bri- 
 gade. The stone walls broke the impact of the charge. A few 
 of the best horsemen, with their intrepid leader, penetrated 
 the enemy's skirmish line, but most of them fell or were cap- 
 tured. The greatest loss was that of General Farnsworth. the 
 victim of an unwise order. 
 
 [ 180 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 The Eighteenth did important picket service in the fall of 
 1SG3 and joined in Kilpatrick's raid in February, 18G4, against 
 Richmond to try to release the Union prisoners. General Phil 
 Sheridan became corps commander in April and Captain Phil- 
 lips, of Company B, was made a major of the regiment. The 
 men did desperate fighting in the advance of Grant upon Rich- 
 mond in May. The division general praised the Eighteenth as 
 the regiment that knew how to fight into and how to fight out 
 of a hard place. It crossed sabers with the horsemen of J. E. B. 
 Stuart and Major Phillips, leading the charge at Hanover 
 Court House, May 31, was wounded. 
 
 The next scene of campaign was the Shenandoah Valley, 
 the cavalry having a prominent part in the stirring battle at 
 AVinchester. General Custer became the popular division com- 
 mander and in the Cedar Creek fight Major Phillips com- 
 manded the Eighteenth. Before the fall was ended, the last of 
 the army of General Early was captured. However, on Nov. 
 12, Major Phillips was taken prisoner and held in Libby Prison 
 until March, 1865. The final campaign of the regiment was 
 with Grant about Petersburg. Our Allegheny officer became 
 Lieutenant Colonel Phillips March 10, ISC)."). 
 
 The State of Pennsylvania has erected at Gettysburg an 
 imposing granite monument in honor of the Eighteenth Cav- 
 alry. The record is, ''Participated with the Annies of the 
 Potomac and Shenandoah in fifty-one battles." The orator at 
 the dedication on Sept. 11, 1889, was, most fittingly, Colonel 
 Phillips, 'GO. 
 
 OTHER ALLEGHENY ENLISTMENTS 
 
 In 1862, there came another period of much excitement 
 among the students of Allegheny over the war and the plan to 
 enlist. On a Saturday in spring, a group gathered on the Dia- 
 mond, keen to organize and go to the front. How to spread 
 their enthusiasm and to secure the enlistment of the men were 
 discussed. The program decided upon was to have Rev. John 
 Bain, one of the strong men in Methodism and a warm friend 
 of the college, deliver a sermon Sunday night on the issues of 
 the day in the Meadville church of which Rev. T. I. Stnbbs 
 
 [ 181 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 was pastor. On the following Sunday morning, it was also 
 announced from the pulpit that a war meeting of the students 
 would be held in the college chapel, Monday morning at eight. 
 
 The old brick church was crowded for its evening service. 
 But along with Rev. John Bain and the pastor came Dr. Loomis 
 to take a seat inside the chancel. He had already been in con- 
 sultation with his brethren, and was appalled at the possi- 
 bility of the entire student body marching away to fight the 
 South. The boys waited the words of fire and patriotism from 
 the preacher. Imagine their consternation when the eloquent 
 Bain, in the midst of his strong address, said, "It might be the 
 highest patriotism for the students of Allegheny to prepare 
 themselves for highest citizenship by devotion to their studies/' 
 It came to the excited youths like the crack of doom. When 
 the congregation was dismissed. Dr. Loomis sought out R. X. 
 Stubbs, '63. who had called the mass meeting for the next day, 
 and informed him that the chapel could not be used for the 
 rally. 
 
 But the war spirit of the students could not be quenched 
 summarily. Most of the college marched on Monday morning 
 to the Court House and listened to an address of exhortation. 
 But the sermon, which was for peace and not war, had started 
 the reaction. Telegrams from several homes brought prohibi- 
 tions upon enlistment. The enthusiasm ebbed away. Only ten 
 remained firm, according to the count of Frank A. Alter, and 
 they were designated ''The Immortals". 
 
 The invasion of Pennsylvania by Lee, in the summer of 
 1863, brought alarm throughout the State. Pittsburgh was 
 considered a possible objective point of his march. On Sunday 
 morning, June 28, when the news reached Meadville, the Court 
 House bell was rung and soon the court room was crowded 
 with citizens, who proceeded to immediate action. One hun- 
 dred men signed the roll to go to the front, before the meeting 
 was adjourned. Their purpose made known to Harrisburg, 
 within two days the Meadville company was on its way to 
 ('amp Howe at Pittsburgh. 
 
 Here the 58th Regiment was organized for three months' 
 service. The captain from Meadville. George H. Bemns. be- 
 
 [ 182 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 came its colonel. The company was designated as K. H. L. 
 Richmond, Jr., '60, was second lieutenant, Robert Adrain '64, 
 sergeant, and Harvey Henderson '57, corporal. Other students 
 on the roll were George S. Cullum '63, I). P. Compton 'GO, C. H. 
 Bagley '66, J. Kinniff '04, W. J. Dunn '64, II. L. Davis '67. G. 
 L. Mahoney '63, C. C. Selden '66, R. X. Stubbs '63. The defeat 
 at Gettysburg turned the invaders to the South and then the 
 Fifty-eighth gave its attention to John Morgan, the cavalry 
 leader, who was raiding through Ohio. In an exciting chase 
 by foot and by railway, the marauders were pursued and finally 
 captured. At the end of the three months' period, Company F, 
 having done its duty and faced the emergency, was mustered 
 out and returned to Meadville. 
 
 In the 150th Regt. I'. Y., Company K was enlisted in Craw- 
 ford County. The captain was 1). V. Derickson. On Aug. 29, 
 1862, there was mustered in Curtis Arnold, '62, T. AY. Chand- 
 ler, '62, L. M. Hamilton, '62, J. J. Henderson, '62, Stephen 
 Volch, '64. S. H. Birdsall was sergeant, but transferred to R. 
 Q. M. 1st Regt. U. S. C. T. Company K at Washington was 
 selected as Lincoln's Body Guard and was on duty at the Sol- 
 diers' Home and AYhite House for more than two years; must- 
 ered out, June 15, 1805. 
 
 PHI KAPPA PSI IX THE WAR 
 
 The Pennsylvania Beta Chapter of Phi Kappa Psi sent 
 from Allegheny to the two armies twenty-four of its sons, who 
 became commissioned officers. There were two colonels, one 
 lieutenant-colonel, two majors, eight captains and ten lieuten- 
 ants in the Union army and one lieutenant in the Confederate 
 army. Six men went in the College Company in June, 1861, 
 Lieutenant S. B. Smith, Sergeant M. M. Phelps. Sergeant A. 
 C. Pickard, Sergeant George Norris, Corporal A. Ashley and 
 J. I). Chadwick. 
 
 In the famous Eighteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, Company 
 B, the three officers were Captain J. AY. Phillips, Lieutenant D. 
 T. McKay and Lieutenant J. AY. Smith. T. J. Grier was also 
 in this company, promoted later to a captaincy, .lames Riley 
 
 [ 1* :> > ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Weaver was also sergeant-major of the same regiment. In the 
 battle at Brandy Station, he was captured. 
 
 In the battle of Chickamanga. May. 1863, three of the Phi 
 Psi men lost their lives at the head of their companies in Ohio 
 regiments. Captain Armstrong J. Thomas '62, Captain Marcus 
 C. Horton '63, and Captain Nelson. The fatalities among the 
 Pennsylvania Beta men were high. Lieutenant W. H. Bobin- 
 son '60, of the 7th Ohio, died within four months of enlistment 
 in 1861; Captain S. M. Davis, of 111th Penna. Vol. Ini'L, soon 
 resigned. Sion B. Smith '61, who went out in Co. I, 39th 
 Penna. Vol. Inft., the Tenth Beserves, was promoted to major, 
 May 2, 1862, but from the fever contracted in the Chieka- 
 hominy camps, died Aug. 5, 1862. Lieutenant F. W. Phelps '64, 
 was also lost in war. 
 
 Thomas Bnstin Kennedy, founder of the Beta Chapter, was 
 a first lieutenant in the 38th Begt., Pa. Inft. Major J. J. Mc- 
 Dowell '55, another one of the founders, was also in the north- 
 ern service, as were Captain James H. Thomas '63, Lieutenants 
 C. C. Mechem '66, F. AY. Adams '66, and F. 1). Bostwick, '69. 
 Lieutenant S. B. P. Knox '60, was surgeon of the 19th Penna. 
 Vol. Inft. Archie D. Norris '60, was an officer in the Confed- 
 erate army. 
 
 Ephriam A. Ludwick '62, while a pastor in New .Jersey, was 
 asked to recruit a company. He became a captain in the 112th 
 N. J. Vol. Inft. Promoted to major, lie led his regiment at 
 New Market Heights, and received a severe wound in the arm 
 as the men charged a battery. He refused to retire, and upon 
 receiving an order to attack Ft. Gilmor, the regimental his- 
 torian records: "Major Ludwick drew his sword with his left 
 hand and on foot with his men. went forward. The men were 
 forced to advance, exposed to an enfilading lire. At this fearful 
 place, the major received another bullet in liis already wounded 
 arm, completely shattering the elbow, and was borne from the 
 field." Promotion to lieutenant-colonel came on Sept. 2!), 
 1861, and to colonel. March 30, 1865. 
 
 [ 1S1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 INDIVIDUAL RECORDS 
 
 Alexander Hays. A. B., '40, [J. S. Military Academy, 1844; 
 first lieutenant, Mexican War, 1840; major, 12th Regt. 1*. V., 
 colonel, (lord Regt. 1*. V., Aug. 25, 1861; brigadier general, 
 Sept. 2!), 1802; commanding Second Brigade, Third Division, 
 Second Corps, Army of the Potomac, 1804; killed at battle of 
 the Wilderness, May 5, 18G4. 
 
 Alfred Pearson, '56, captain. Company A, 135th Regt. P. V., 
 May 31, 1862; major, Dec. 31, 1862. Led regiment in seizure 
 of Little Round Top at Gettysburg; routed enemy from Devil's 
 Den. Lieutenant colonel, Nov. 1, 1863; colonel, July 6, 1864; 
 adopted French Zouave uniform and tactics regiment a 
 model brigadier general, Sept. 30, 1864. Commanding Sec- 
 ond Brigade of First Division, General Pearson saved the day 
 at Dabney Mills; major general, March 1, 1865. 
 
 A. B. McCalmont, '43, lieutenant colonel, 142d Reg!. P. V., 
 Sept. 1, 1862; colonel, 208th Regt. P. V., Sept. 12, 1804; briga- 
 dier general, March 13, 1865. 
 
 Ira Aver. Jr., '65, captain, Company T. 30th Regt, 10th Pa. 
 Reserves, major. May 1, 1863; lieutenant colonel, Feb. 27, 
 1864; brevet colonel, brevet brigadier general, 1865. 
 
 F. Alsor Jones, '57, captain, 6th Md. Volunteers; wounded 
 at Cheat Run, July 15, 1861 ; brigadier general, 1864. 
 
 F. A. Bartleson, '03. colonel Til. Volunteers, brigadier 
 general. 
 
 John A. McCalmont, '40, colonel :50th Regt., 10th Pa. Re 
 serves, June 20, 1861 ; resigned. May 0, 1862. 
 
 L. B. Dull", '57, captain Company D, 107th Regt. P. V., Feb. 
 8, 18G2; lieutenant colonel. May 18, 1864. Lost leg at Peters- 
 burg, June 18, 1864; discharged for wounds, Oct. 25, IS64. 
 
 J. W. II. Reisinger, '56, captain Company II, 150th Regt. 
 Pa. V., Sept. 4. 1802; major. 25th Regt. F. S. O. T.. March 12, 
 1804; lieutenant colonel, Nov. 10. 1804. 
 
 J. N. Hosey, '58, captain Company E, 78th Regt. P. V., 
 major, April 0, 1864. 
 
 J. W. Patron, '63, major 145th Regt. P. \\. Sept. 25. 1862; 
 fatally wounded at Chancel lorsvi lie. May 15, 1863. 
 
 J. M. Wells. '61, adjutant 111th Regt. P. V.. Dec. 6, 1861; 
 
 [ 185 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 first lieutenant Company F, Feb. 14, 1863; captain, May 16, 
 1863 ; wounded at Resaea, May 15, 1861 ; brevet major and lieu- 
 tenant colonel, March 13, 1865. 
 
 William McKinley, '61, sergeant 23rd Regt. Ohio Vol., June 
 11, 1861; second lieutenant, Sept. 23. 1862; first lieutenant, 
 Feb. 7, 1863; captain. July 25,. 1861; major, March 13, 1865. 
 
 Don. C. Newton, '53, first lieutenant Company 1), 52nd 
 Regt., Illinois Vol., Sept. 23, 1861; captain, Dec. 11, 1861 to 
 Dec. 18, 1861. The regiment was at Fort Donelson ; in battle 
 of Shiloh, April 6. 1862; battle of Corinth, Oct. 3, 1863, in the 
 16th Army Corps, in 1861; with Sherman in the Atlanta cam- 
 paigns, fighting at Resaea, Kenesaw Mt., Decatur, taking the 
 city July 28 ; in Sherman's march through Georgia to the sea, 
 capturing Savannah Dec. 21, 1861. Captain Newton was here 
 honorably discharged. 
 
 S. M. Davis. '61, captain Company E, 11th Regt. P. V.. Dec. 
 3, 1861; resigned Nov. 16, 1862. 
 
 Henry M. Hughes, '57, first lieutenant Company K. 61th 
 Regt. 4th Pa. Caw, Oct. 18, 1861; captain, Nov. 1, 1862. 
 
 P. S. Bancroft, '55, second lieutenant 111th Regt., Pa. Vol., 
 Nov. 2, 1861; wounded at Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862; captain. 
 Feb. 10. 1863. 
 
 I. N. Taylor. '61, and A. M. Williams, '61, were on the 
 regimental staffs of the 145th and the 111th P. V. 
 
 W. W. Arnett. '60, became a colonel in the Arm} - of Vir- 
 ginia of the C. S. A. 
 
 Clergymen who enlisted as chaplains were in the early years 
 commissioned officers ami in the west, assistant superintend- 
 ents of contrabands. J. N. Pierce, '57, was chaplain to the 
 85th Regt. P. V.; -I. C. High, '53, to the 206th Regt. P. V. ; 
 Gordon Battelle, '40, with 1st W. Va. Regt., and G. B. Haw- 
 kins. '42, with 2nd Ohio Cavalry. The last two died of ty- 
 phoid fever. Prof. L. D. Williams was chaplain of 111th Regt, 
 P. A'.. T. H. Hagerty, '55. in a Missouri regiment. 
 
 THE SOLDIERS' MEMORIAL 
 
 Al the Commencement banquet in June, 1000, a suggestion 
 ^as made that the loyalty and sacrifice which the boys from 
 
 r i8o i
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Allegheny College had shown in their defense of the country 
 in 1801 to 1805 should be recognized in some appropriate way. 
 
 As the result of this suggestion President \V. 11. Crawford 
 appointed the following committee: W. N. Ridge, 'Si'. Chair- 
 man; Judge J. J. Henderson, '62 ; \Y. C. Wilson, '80; Ida M. 
 Tarbell, '80; R. R. Ross. 'St, Secretary. It was voted to place 
 on a suitable spot on the campus a stone on which should be 
 fixed a bronze tablet in commemoration of the men who went 
 out from the college to defend the Union. 
 
 The committee decided that it would seek small rather 
 than large contributions, thus giving all of the alumni oppor- 
 tunity to contribute. The secretary immediately opened cor- 
 respondence with the former students. After several months' 
 work, a sufficient amount was raised to insure the project and 
 the bronze tablet was ordered and the work of selecting a 
 stone begun. It was agreed to use a natural boulder if such 
 could be found, rather than place on the campus a cut or a 
 dressed stone. 
 
 By the efficient aid of Dr. Elliott of the Faculty, a satis- 
 factory stone was found on the hillside up the Cussewago Val- 
 ley. The boulder was a pink granite, weighing thirteen and 
 one-half tons. By huge effort and patience, the boulder was 
 brought by truck to the Bessemer side track, loaded by the 
 railroad on a flat car for transportation over the creek, and 
 then borne by a twelve-horse team up Main Street hill to the 
 campus. 
 
 The dedicatory services were held Tuesday afternoon. June 
 20. 1010, the anniversary day of the founding of Allegheny. 
 AY. N. Ridge presided and a large company of alumni, stu- 
 dents, the local Captain Peift'er Post of the Grand Army of 
 the Republic, citizens and visitors were present to hear the 
 two addresses. 
 
 Dr. C. M. Cobern, '70, spoke in part thus: 
 
 "What mean ye by these stones? They represent a memorial, a 
 sacrifice, an ideal. Here we come to build a memorial to those men 
 who laid the foundation of a republic on granite that shall remain long 
 after the last brick shall be crumbled into dust. 
 
 'It was a very different college in scholarship then. But 1 call 
 attention to the fact that there was a school here then which stood for 
 
 [ 1ST ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 manhood and ideals. This was a different country then from that of 
 today, but it was their country, and for it they went out to die. In 
 this memorial we find a recognition of the fact that religion and patri- 
 otism go together. 1 call attention also to the fact that education and 
 patriotism are inseparably connected. 
 
 '"We remember for what this rock stands. Not only that the black 
 man was made free, but far more. It means that these men gave a new 
 definition of the constitution; it means that these men gave a new 
 significance to the flag; it means that these men gave the world a new 
 idea of what American patriotism is. It means, too, a new idea of 
 brotherhood, chivalry and manhood. I expect to see the day when the 
 names of the Allegheny boys who fought in the Confederate army will 
 be found here. If you go to Greece you will tind that Achilles, after his 
 triumph over Hector, his ancient foe, dragged him seven times around 
 the walls of Troy; but it was in a Christian nation that a new idea of 
 brotherhood, chivalry and manhood was born. 
 
 'These men might have become famous as teachers, scholars, paint- 
 ers, preachers, lawyers, or in many other lines, but they went out to 
 fight for their country. To write an Iliad is not so great as to live one-, 
 to paint a picture is not so great as to lift the flag above a nation united 
 after deadlv strife." 
 
 The College Volunteers' Company flag of 1SG1 was then 
 removed from over the memorial stone and the speaker con- 
 cluded with the stirring sentiment: "When the st;n-s shall 
 
 f I** 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 be blotted out of the abyss, the names of these men shall reign 
 high in the heaven of eternity." 
 
 R. R. Ross then spoke as follows: 
 
 "In many respects this monument is unique. It is not erected to 
 commemorate a battle or a victory, but a devotion which these men 
 first breathed as boys at their mothers' knees, grew as they grew and 
 sent them to better prepare for the great future to this college, fost- 
 ered by Christian influence and protected by a State, whose very name 
 spells independence and liberty. This monument is not erected by the 
 Commonwealth or military organization; not by comrades who survived, 
 nor by descendants of those who fell, nor even by the college which 
 they revered as their alma mater, but by the men and women, who, 
 coming after, feel the inspiration of their devotion. 
 
 "The man leaving home and home environments for college is 
 really entering the spring-time of his career. To him everything is 
 bright. To forsake the possibilities within his reach and change abso- 
 lutely his career in life, as did these men, meant a sacrifice which was 
 not the result of a moment's decision, but was a premeditated act. 
 This act changed them from boys to men; from citizens to patriots; 
 from voluunteers to heroes. It led them through the fever-laden bayous 
 around Vicksburg with Grant; above the clouds on Lookout Mountain 
 with Hooker; followed Sherman from Atlanta to the sea; nerved them 
 to resist Pickett's brigade in their bloody charge at Gettysburg; helped 
 them overthrow the rebel horde at Antietam: bear undismayed their 
 defeat at Chancellorsville; grope their way through the Wilderness and 
 finally win with Grant at Appomattox. 
 
 "These are the men on whom Lincoln depended during the dark 
 and disastrous days of 1861; the men on whom he leaned for support 
 when he issued his Emancipation Proclamation in September, 1862, and 
 the men toward whom his great heart swelled with kindly emotion when 
 the surrender of Lee was announced in 1865. We cannot honor these 
 heroes. We are honored in belonging to the same race, living in the 
 same age, extending a helping hand and a God bless you to the living, 
 and contributing to erect a memorial to the dead. 
 
 "This monument, erected by those who felt the inspiration and 
 devotion of those who went from these halls, is hereby dedicated to 
 their eternal" memory, with the hope that when those of us who parti- 
 cipate in these exercises shall have passed away, our children and our 
 children's children may gather likewise to commemorate the loyalty and 
 the sacrifice of the college boys in blue. To you, Mr. President, the 
 representative of the college we love, we transfer the custody of this 
 monument with the hope that in its silence it may proclam liberty; in 
 its firmness, fidelity; and in its strength, loyalty." 
 
 [ is" ]
 
 CHAPTER VII 
 
 THE CRITICAL PERIOD 
 
 T N a resolution of the Board of Trus- 
 C/)^? tees in 1804 there was set before 
 
 the president of the college the goal 
 i,^W of making "Allegheny in all re- 
 W spects what the friends of collegiate 
 /fe education have a right to expect of 
 a first class college." A note of 
 hope and progress has constantly 
 sounded through a century of Alle- 
 gheny experience. The sentiment 
 of a better day ahead has always prevailed. The spirit and the 
 faith of Timothy Alden permeated the thought and the action 
 of his successors. 
 
 There was not an executive who failed to have an extensive 
 program for promoting the finances of the institution, advanc- 
 ing it in public favor and improving it scholastically. No man 
 was more ambitious for Allegheny than President Loomis. 
 Snch an aggressive, indomitable policy must inevitably spell 
 success and eventually win a handsome consummation of 
 ideals. But hopes were deferred much more often than they 
 were realized. Plans went to wreck most woefully. That men 
 at the end of their administrations should depart broken in 
 health, crushed in heart, or die at their post has been a por- 
 tion of the heavy price that Allegheny in its years of vicissi- 
 tude has exacted from its faithful, loyal leaders. 
 
 The triumph of the North in the civil war being a cer- 
 tainty, the efforts for the material equipment of the college 
 were redoubled. The stall of instruction had been much 
 strengthened. The election of George F. Comfort to the chair 
 of modern languages provided for a department that had never 
 been adequately equipped. The professor spent the year of 
 
 [ 101 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 1865-6 in European study. It is significant that two members 
 of the Faculty were not clergymen. 
 
 A due proportion of emphasis was now restored to the 
 scientific course, the degree of Bachelor of Arts, however, being 
 conferred in both classical and scientific departments. The 
 chair of Professor Tingley was entitled physics and chemistry, 
 a combination to be continued forty years. Notable addi- 
 tions were made in cabinets of mineralogy and conchology, 
 forming an excellent museum for a college of that period. The 
 first accession was that of Dr. Wm. Prescott, of Concord, N. 
 H., a collection of 3000 specimens of minerals and fossils and 
 2400 specimens of marine and land shells. The liberality of a 
 new Trustee secured the collection of Francis Alger, of Bos- 
 ton, made at a cost of $35,000, Tliis cabinet contained 5000 
 specimens of minerals and a suite of 1500 species of shells. 
 The Haldeman cabinet was a smaller similar collection also 
 now obtained. 
 
 These scientific treasures caused a rearrangement of Ruter 
 Hall. The chapel was moved to the second floor and its place 
 on the first taken by the museum. Orders were also placed for 
 casts of lithological and palaeontological specimens, so that 
 ihe Megatherium Cuvierii and other huge exhibits were soon 
 mounted for the delectation of visitors to the campus and the 
 observation of the budding scientists. Long needed apparatus 
 in the various courses was generously supplied. In a few years 
 The claim was officially put forth that no college in America 
 had more complete facilities for obtaining a thorough ele- 
 mentary knowledge of physics and chemistry than Allegheny. 
 
 The catalogue of 1865-6 indicated that the college had 
 taken decidedly advanced ground. During the war period the 
 living expenses of the students had so increased that it was 
 seen some provision must be made for a boarding hall. In the 
 spring of 1865, a friend was found in the person of Charles 
 Culver, an oil operator at Reno, who agreed to erect at once 
 a dormitory. A frame building, three stories in height, with 
 accommodations for one hundred and more students, was 
 
 [ 102 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 fairly completed by the fall term at a cost of some thirty 
 thousand dollars. 
 
 Culver Hall, as it was popularly named, made an at tractive 
 appearance in August at the time of the meeting in Meadville 
 of the State Teachers' Association. But more than with build- 
 ings, the visitors were deeply impressed with the personnel and 
 the ability of the Faculty and the equipment of the college for 
 its work. Dr. Loomis and Professors Marvin and Tinglev were 
 
 Culver Hall 
 
 gracious hosts. The sentiment expressed in the press by the 
 teachers was that the public generally ought to know about 
 the superior advantages of Allegheny. Then, as in the years 
 to come, the college went about its duties modestly and with- 
 out blare of trumpets, rendering its services to State and 
 Nation through the many activities of its sons. 
 
 The wide celebration of American Methodism at this 
 period was eagerly utilized in the plans for a greater Alle- 
 gheny. Two General Conferences had anticipated the cen- 
 tenary in 18G6 of the first preaching of Philip Embury. On 
 the general committee of policy, Alexander Bradley, of the 
 Board of Trustees, and Rev. Moses Hill, '4!>, were influential 
 members. While the offerings appointed throughout the de- 
 
 [ 103 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 nomination were to benefit many connectional objects and the 
 means to found Biblical Institutes were specially asked, local 
 educational interests received much help. A vigorous cam- 
 paign was waged to endow Mount Union College of Ohio. 
 
 In the Erie Conference area rallies were held to promote 
 donations to Allegheny. No small success attended the efforts 
 of Dr. Looniis. The endowment mark of the Centenary Fund 
 was even set at one hundred and fifty thousand. Gifts in cash 
 for the year were twenty thousand dollars and pledges in pro- 
 portion. A liberality existed in the church far beyond that 
 shown in the earlier centenary occasion of 1839. The Metho- 
 dist people were now more able to make gifts. 
 
 The fiftieth anniversary of the founding of Allegheny Col- 
 lege was arranged to supplement the centenary campaign for 
 money. For a year effort was directed to get many of the 
 alumni to return for June 27. Everyone who came was the 
 guest of the resident alumni. It was a home coming for 
 Bishop Calvin Kingsley, who made the semi-centennial ad- 
 dress. The alumni "festival' 1 , a supper and a reception, was 
 held in the McHenry House, the famed establishment of the 
 Atlantic and Great "Western Railroad. The project of an 
 alumni professorship was started the next day. Eighteen 
 persons pledged twenty -five hundred dollars. The sum to be 
 raised was thirty thousand and a committee of correspondence 
 was given charge. 
 
 Through all the Commencement season, however, there ran 
 a strong undercurrent of apprehension and perplexity. The 
 most liberal benefactor of the college since its earliest days 
 was C. V. Culver. This man had come to the oil country from 
 Ohio and in the period of the bonanza in Venango County 
 rapidly amassed a fortune. He turned to new enterprises, 
 one being a scheme to make the village of Reno equal in im- 
 portance to Oil City. Culver was the founder of a chain of 
 banks in the towns of Northwestern Pennsylvania. He was a 
 man of engaging personality and the favor of the public elected 
 him to ( 'ongress. 
 
 r iw i
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 But there was much of daring in his business plans. The 
 risk was great; the margin was narrow by which In failed 
 from becoming a real Napoleon of finance. He was said to 
 have suggested the steps later taken in the Standard Oil orga- 
 nization. The close of the Avar saw a reaction in petroleum 
 affairs. The fabric of Culver was built so much on credit 
 that one reverse brought down his whole system in a crash. 
 The failure came on March 27, 18GG. Many individuals lost 
 heavily. Money had been borrowed from interest bearing 
 funds assigned to the college. The deed to the land on which 
 the new dormitory stood had not been conveyed to the Trus- 
 tees. Joshua Douglass, Esq., by a civil action, got possession 
 of this property and made the transfer in 1870. 
 
 The funds available for the college were embarrassed for 
 some years. The Erie Conference resumed its earlier practice 
 of sending out a financial agent in behalf of Allegheny. Even 
 the members of the Faculty were asked one vacation by the 
 Trustees to solicit funds. The incidental fees were doubled 
 and finally the arrearages in salaries were paid out of the 
 capital of the Centenary Society fund. The subscriptions to 
 the alumni professorship were not large. Alexander Bradley, 
 of Pittsburgh, however, made generous gifts, whereby the 
 Bradley chair of Latin language and literature was established 
 in 1808. 
 
 Many who had lost property through C. V. Culver became 
 bitter assailants of the man. His prominence in the Republi- 
 can party allowed his opponents to make much political capital 
 of the ex-Congressman s reverses. Because of Culver's con- 
 nection with Allegheny, he remaining a Trustee, his misfor- 
 tunes in some degree reacted upon the institution. These were 
 trying years and under the strain the health of Dr. Looinis 
 gave way. he being excused from teaching duties in 1808-70. 
 
 Many students who were enrolled after the Civil War sup- 
 plied a new type of material. Not a few had seen active and 
 honorable service in the northern armies. The battle-scarred 
 captain, the lieutenant and the veteran of the ranks introduced 
 
 [ 105 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 into the college life on the Hill phases hitherto largely un- 
 known to the academic shades. A spirit of mischief was abroad 
 and discipline grew somewhat lax. Eventually these men 
 versed in the school of arms yielded to the sway of the arts 
 and sciences and went forth again to play their parts well in 
 the world of peaceful affairs. 
 
 The Methodists of Meadville dedicated on July 21>. 1868, the 
 large structure usually called the Stone Church. The promi- 
 nent site on the "Diamond" was secured by the purchase and 
 gift of C. V. Culver. Dr. Hamnett and Mr. Harvey Henderson, 
 '57, then a Trustee of Allegheny, had much of the responsibility 
 in the erection of the building, which, for the period, was an 
 ambitious undertaking. The dedicatory services were con- 
 ducted by Bishops Simpson and Kingsley whom the community 
 delighted to honor as former citizens. The great edifice be- 
 came closely connected with the official occasions of the college 
 for the next quarter of a century, being the scene of commence- 
 ment week events. 
 
 A quadrennium after Allegheny had celebrated its semi- 
 centennial, it took the radical step of the admission of women. 
 The matter had been debated some years. A majority and 
 minority report on the issue were submitted in a Trustees" 
 meeting in 18G7 and action deferred. President Derickson of 
 ihe Board favored the opening of the doors to the sex. Dr. 
 Hyde was also a strong champion of the ladies. On .tune 23, 
 1870, Dr. Holmes, of the Pittsburgh Board of Control, came 
 before the Trustees to advocate the measure and Mr. J. H. Len- 
 liart offered the resolution which made Allegheny a coeduca- 
 tional institution. In the same year the University of Michi- 
 gan. Hie leading school in the west, took similar action. At 
 the Allegheny alumni banquet in dune, the popular toast was, 
 To the ladies, the future alumni''. 
 
 "Women entered into the same courses with the men, but not 
 for a year did they have the use of the scholarships. There 
 was no little prejudice against the innovation, but the ability, 
 the fine spirit and the tact of the women soon disarmed criti- 
 
 [ 106 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 cism. The number who availed themselves of the privilege was 
 very small for several years and they were largely drawn from 
 Meadville and vicinity. In September, 1870, three young 
 ladies enrolled as Freshmen : Miss Mary Harrow, of Kinsman, 
 
 Ohio; Miss Almira Marsteller, 
 of Meadville, and Mis* Adelle 
 Williams, daughter of Profes- 
 sor Williams. The next year 
 Miss Ella Nash passed ad- 
 vanced examinations and was 
 admitted to the Junior Class 
 and became, in 1873, The first 
 woman graduate. The Repub- 
 lican of June 27th wrote : 
 
 "As Miss Nash, of Meadville, 
 an accomplished young lady, who 
 possesses an energy of character 
 that few of her sex can equal, 
 came forward upon the platform, 
 she was greeted with a hearty ap- 
 plause that said, 'Welcome and 
 honor to the first lady graduate of 
 Allegheny College'. In her oration 
 on 'The Silent', she made poetry, 
 music, painting and sculpture as 
 agencies of powerful, though silent 
 influence in the world. In the de- 
 velopment of her ideas, the audi- 
 ence was treated probably to the best written address given at the 
 commencement exercises." 
 
 In the Class of 1875, the women took both first and second 
 honors. In 1873, there were eight Freshmen to enroll and the 
 next year seven, then the number fell off. When Miss Ida M. 
 Tarbell was the solitary new matriculate in 187G, there were 
 but two Seniors and two Juniors of her sex in Allegheny. The 
 showing was usually better in the preparatory department, 
 yet the feminine students did not crowd into the class rooms 
 of Bentley. The men thus gradually came to accept coeduca- 
 tion as a matter of course. 
 
 The beginning of the decade brought changes again in the 
 
 Miss Williams, '74 
 
 [ 107 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 Faculty. Dr. William Hunter resigned as the head of the 
 Biblical department. The founding of distinctive theological 
 seminaries by the Methodist Church attracted students from 
 the divinity courses offered in the colleges. But for several 
 years special instruction was open in Allegheny to those pre- 
 paring for the pulpit, though the Kramer professorship of 
 Hebrew and Biblical literature was not always assigned. Pro- 
 fessor George F. Comfort, in 1871, went to the chair of modern 
 languages in Syracuse and was succeeded by Charles W. Reid, 
 fresh from ''study abroad". 
 
 The suggested alumni professorship received further dis- 
 cussion in the gathering of 1870, but the revival of this year 
 of a project of the Erie Conference was given a more hearty 
 support. Bishop Kingsley had met an untimely death at 
 Beyrout, Syria, April 6, on the first episcopal missionary tour 
 of the world. It was urged strongly now that the plan to 
 endow a chair in his honor at his alma mater, for which several 
 thousand dollars had been subscribed, should be completed. 
 Special collections were taken and the fund slowly grew. 
 
 The Chamberlain bequest led to much litigation. The first 
 decision was against the Centenary Fund Society as a foreign 
 corporation. In the New York Court of Appeals, judgment 
 was rendered in favor of a division of a portion of the estate 
 of the Judge. The original sum of the will shrunk to small 
 proportions and, in fact, the publicity of this seemingly large 
 gift was said to have deterred other liberally-minded persons 
 from aiding the college. A plain, straight gift of five thousand 
 dollars, in 1873, by Hon. J. W. Howe, a former Trustee, came 
 at a needy time. 
 
 A lively debate arose in the last years of the presidency of 
 Dr. Loomis over the system of the government of the college. 
 Members of the Erie Conference favored a new charter. Dr. 
 Hyde became the champion of a smaller Hoard of Trustees 
 with limited tenure. The joint Board of Control was opposed 
 ;is cumbrous ami preventing unity of administration. A 
 strong plea was made to allow the alumni to elect Trustees. 
 The Pittsburgh Conference did not support the amendments 
 
 [ 198 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 and certain Meadville members of the Board were very hostile 
 to any change. 
 
 The big problem of the time was how to get more students 
 The steady decline in attendance was ominous. With a suc- 
 cessive enrollment in the entire four classes of DO, G7 and 52. 
 the situation might well dishearten the president. The pre- 
 paratory department had shrunk in size below that of any 
 period since 1833. It was as low as 25 in 1871. With the total 
 numbers in the collegiate and academic courses less than 100, 
 including the women, as in 1871 and 1872, Allegheny would 
 seem to require heroic treatment to get out of the slough. 
 
 The perpetual scholarships were no longer in this era an 
 inducement to patronage. It was a time of financial stress. 
 The experience with Culver Hall had not been a complete 
 success. There had been student petitions against the man- 
 agement. The rate of expenses was high. The small prepara- 
 tory adjunct could not supply many college students. Those 
 prepared in seminaries elsewhere did not largely come to 
 Meadville. The competition of other institutions now grew 
 more intense and Allegheny appeared to be in a quiescent 
 state. 
 
 Various remedies were suggested. An extreme proposal 
 was to remove the college from Meadville. The Joint Board 
 of Control wanted a law school to be established and also 
 asked that a department of music, painting and drawing be 
 added, presumably for the young women. The Trustees, how- 
 ever, were averse to any innovations. Gradually the attend- 
 ance again advanced above the hundred mark. 
 
 Finally, President Loomis gave formal notification, in 
 June, 1873, that he would resign his office during the coming 
 year. This was done April 22, 1871, and the Board of Control 
 notified to find a successor. The last commencement season of 
 Dr. Loomis was made a notable affair. Dr. Haven, secretary 
 of the new Board of Education of the Methodist Church, and 
 Dr. Hurst, president of Drew Seminary, were present to give 
 addresses. The quadrennial alumni reunion drew a large 
 company to Meadville. William Reynolds, '37, was made the 
 president of the association. A large company of over three 
 
 [ 100 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 hundred were served at tables 011 the campus iu front of 
 Bentley Hall. Mr. Reynolds made an instructive and inspiring 
 speech upon the early history of Allegheny. Six thousand 
 dollars were subscribed by six persons for the much mooted 
 alumni chair, twenty-five thousand to be secured to make the 
 gifts binding. 
 
 The retiring president had the esteem and kindly regard 
 of the alumni, the friends of the college and citizens generally. 
 His very mannerisms made him cherished by all who knew 
 him. Though the students dubbed him the ''Great Iambic", 
 they honored him warmly for his unsparing efforts in behalf 
 of the college. His administration encountered obstacles as 
 stubborn and as unforseen as those which met Timothy Alden 
 in the early years. When Dr. Loomis went from Allegheny, he 
 left an institution greatly improved in its educational organi- 
 zation and much strengthened in its financial resources as ad- 
 ministered by the Centenary Society corporations. The grade 
 of scholarship maintained through his regime was worthy of 
 the high ideals of the founder of the college. 
 
 The Board of Trustees, upon his retirement, made the 
 following minute: 
 
 "To have kept and enlarged in so many ways a trust handed down 
 by such predecessors as Alden, Ruter, Clark and Barker entitle Dr. 
 Loomis to more than a formal resolution. Beginning under inauspicious 
 conditions, he has passed a term of faithful, earnest service. In addi- 
 tion to the duties connected with his chair of instruction, he not only 
 devised, but secured liberal things for the general interest of the 
 college. The increases in realty, in dormitory, in museums of science 
 and of art history and in apparatus are for the eye and ear to measure. 
 But who shall estimate the cumulative influences implanted in hundred. 1 ; 
 ot young men sent into active life. The nascent powers of a young 
 mind molded by the teacher are his best monument." 
 
 While the search for a president was made. Dr. Hamnetl 
 performed the executive duties for a year. Professor .lames 
 .Marvin resigned in December to become the head of the Uni- 
 versity of Kansas. The chair of mathematics was assigned to 
 Dr. Hamnetl ami the vacant professorship of Latin language 
 ami literature was tilled by the excellent choice of George W. 
 
 [ 200 1
 
 Rev. Lucius H. Bugbee. D.D., President 1874-82.
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Haskins, '64. The chairman of the Board of Control, Rev. 
 Moses Hill, '49, had taken the lead in the quest for the sixth 
 president of Allegheny. The nomination was made and elec- 
 tion by the Trustees followed on Feb. 15, 1875. The new 
 leader selected was the president of the Wesleyan Female 
 College at Cincinnati. 
 
 The Rev. Lucius Halen Bugbee, D. D., was born at 
 Gowanda, X. Y., and htted for college at the Genesee Wesleyan 
 Seminary in Lima. He was in Genesee College from 1850-53 
 and then went to Amherst College for his Senior year, taking 
 his degree in 1854. He served as professor of belles lettres in 
 the Cooperstown Female College, Xew York, 1854-5. He was 
 in charge of a banking house in Iowa, 1855-7, at the same time 
 being ordained deacon and elder in the Methodist Church and 
 admitted to the Upper Iowa Conference in 1857. He next be- 
 came for three years the principal of the Fayette Seminary, 
 later known as Upper Iowa University. 
 
 Dr. Bugbee served as pastor of a strong Chicago congrega- 
 tion during war times. From 18G5 to 18G8 he presided over 
 the Northwestern Female College at Evanston, 111. He was 
 next called to the Cincinnati college, which, founded in 1842, 
 had grown to be the model female educational institution in 
 Methodism. His presidency for a term of seven years had been 
 attended with conspicuous success. His work there had been 
 widely and favorably reported in the denominational press. 
 Therefore, in selecting its new executive, Allegheny felt it had 
 secured a man with high reputation for ability and for scholar- 
 ship and of long tested experience as a teacher. 
 
 The inauguration ceremonies in the Stone Church, dune 23, 
 were marked with a spirit that indicated the purpose of the 
 friends of the college to help to bring to pass a new era in 
 Allegheny. The address of welcome was made by Dr. Loomis. 
 the oath of office administered by Judge Walter II. Lowrie and 
 (he keys of the college handed over by the President of the 
 Trustees, Alexander Bradley. Rev. Moses Hill brought the 
 message of the alumni and then Dr. Bugbee gave his inaugural 
 address on the theme of what is essential to a college 
 education. 
 
 [ 202 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Sentiments having a local application were thus expressed: 
 
 "I bring you today the judgment from abroad, touching the honest, 
 sound work done by this college during the sixty years of its history. 
 I am free to say the reputation of Allegheny for solidity and lor thor- 
 oughness of instruction is of more value in the estimation of a discrim- 
 inating public, than though it were in possession of properties and 
 endowments twice as large without this reputation. Solidity wins in 
 the long run. * * * You are under obligation, having opened the 
 doors of the college to women, to provide for them a home. There is 
 a providential opportunity in this section for their education. You 
 have the teaching force, the illustrative agencies in your extensive 
 collections, you only want the decision and the enthusiasm to afford 
 the proper facilities for young women. Later, plans must be elaborated 
 for the erection of a chapel and library, a scientific building and observa- 
 tory. 
 
 The new administration set energetically to work. Repairs 
 on the buildings and the grounds had been ordered and now 
 they were made. The citizens of Meadville began an improve 
 ment fund of twenty thousand dollars. The opening chapel 
 service of the fall met in the grove on the campus. Ruter Hall 
 was being thoroughly renovated. The chapel assembly room on 
 its second floor was enlarged, refrescoed and fitted with carpet, 
 chairs and a piano. There was a formal rededication on Nov. 
 30, and a large company was present to rejoice over the better 
 order of things. 
 
 Similar changes were wrought in Bentley Hall, the recita- 
 tion rooms being entirely refitted and beautified. In the base- 
 ment floor, three rooms, 20x40, were fitted up as chemical 
 laboratories. The grounds were graded, walks laid and the 
 miniature lake or pond filled. The atmosphere and the appear- 
 ance on the Hill were quite changed within a few months with 
 an expenditure of some seven thousand dollars. 
 
 This transformation affected at first only the immediate 
 college body. There was no growth in attendance the opening 
 year of Dr. Bugbee. His policies were being formulated and 
 not widely known. An important step was the placing of 
 Culver Hall under the charge of Professor Reid, who organized 
 the co-operative method of boarding, and the rate fell from 
 five to three dollars a week. 
 
 [ 203 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 The centennial year of American independence was now 
 used to point a financial campaign in behalf of Allegheny. 
 The plan was laid by Dr. Bugbee, pursuant of General Con- 
 ference suggestion, before the Erie Conference, which voted to 
 raise fifty thousand dollars. Then in January the president 
 was ready with a three-fold program. First, complete the 
 Kingsley professorship for the Erie share, upon which thirteen 
 thousand dollars had been pledged, and work after that for 
 the amount named. Second, in the Pittsburgh Conference 
 area, plan to secure fifty thousand to endow two chairs. Third, 
 let the alumni organize and raise twenty thousand for a fire- 
 proof library or a scientific building. 
 
 The Erie Conference took a lively interest in the centennial 
 gift and held educational rallies of the various districts at 
 New Castle, Erie and Jamestown, X. Y. The progress of the 
 college was set forth in addresses by members of the Faculty 
 and schemes discussed of how to obtain the funds. The final 
 method evolved was to have the college office prepare a circular 
 and send it to the pastors of the Conferences with subscription 
 card and envelope, asking for one dollar from each family in 
 the charge. The device was not put into operation until the 
 close of the year. Community campaigns for gifts yielded 
 much better results. 
 
 A centennial year alumni gathering was projected in June 
 and many were attracted to Meadville. The special feature 
 Avas the return of Dr. J. M. Thoburn after nineteen years in 
 India. He made a notable address upon ''The Practical Man". 
 The internal prosperity of the college was the cause of much 
 joy at the commencement season. Dr. Bugbee was said to bt' 
 in peril of that popularity which falls on a man when all speak 
 well of him. 
 
 The executive policy was now well matured and two fea- 
 tures of it were inaugurated in September, the renting of a 
 home for young women and the expansion of the preparatory 
 school. The third step was still deferred, though two applica- 
 tions had been made to Washington to have a United States 
 military officer detailed to give instruction in Allegheny Col- 
 lege. The "young ladies' home" was a small house on Highland 
 
 [ 204 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 avenue in the rear of Culver Hall. The preparatory depart- 
 ment began with one assigned instructor, J. S. McKay, 'TO. It 
 had a three years' course of study, arranged to fit for college. 
 This school was not intended to he an academy or a seminary. 
 
 The attendance of the second year reflected the estimate 
 abroad of the improved situation. The advance was seventy 
 per cent over the previous term. More entered the first year 
 preparatory class than had been enrolled in the entire acadmic 
 course in any year of the ten preceding. The students pre- 
 paring for college were 135, so that this number, combined with 
 the collegiate showing, raised the total above two hundred, the 
 first time since 1801. The president was much interested in 
 all student activities. He encouraged the literary societies 
 and the two halls were handsomely refitted. Lecture courses 
 on literary topics by Professor Nathan Sheppard. of Chicago, 
 were maintained by the Ossoli Literary Society and the Junior 
 class. The college periodical, the Campus, made its bow under 
 the editorship of A. J. Maxwell, A. C. Ellis and Wayne 
 Whipple. 
 
 The military professorship became a reality in the spring. 
 An act of Congress, July 5, 1876, had provided that thirty offi- 
 cers be detailed to give instruction in the colleges of the nation, 
 the salaries being paid by the government. A knowledge of 
 sound military principles was to be spread among the people 
 by means of the schools. The report was made public Feb. 
 28, 1877, that Lieutenant F. W. Hess had been assigned to 
 Allegheny and the Trustees made him professor of military 
 science and tactics. His duties began April 1 and in a month 
 there was a battalion of two companies. From Washington 
 came one hundred and fifty Springfield rifles and two brass 
 field pieces, six-pounders. 
 
 Lieutenant Hess, or Major, as he was usually addressed, 
 was an excellent choice to establish the new system. He had 
 entered the volunteer service in 1801 as captain of the Fif- 
 teenth Pennsylvania and was mustered out a major in 1805, 
 having been promoted for bravery at Gettysburg. In 1800, he 
 had become a lieutenant in the Eleventh U. S. Infantry, was 
 transferred to the Third U. S. Artillery and graduated from 
 
 [ 205 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 the artillery school at Fortress Monroe in 1S7:J. He was sta- 
 tioned at various forts and then removed to Washington as 
 assistant quartermaster in 1S7G. The Major at Meadville made 
 addresses and published expositions of the advantages of 
 military drill. The student body thus came to feel that in lieu 
 of a gymnasium it had a valuable substitute for physical 
 training. 
 
 In June the scholastic year was reviewed with large satis- 
 faction. The cannon were posted on the campus and added 
 their note to the jubilee. The first exhibition of the college 
 battalion aroused much enthusiasm. Fair success in the finan- 
 cial efforts was reported. President Bradley, of the Trustees, 
 increased his gift to twenty-five thousand dollars. The influx 
 of students caused the discussion of building a second dormi- 
 tory for men. There was a notion the attendance would grow 
 to three hundred the next term. A real esprit de corps had 
 been created in the two years of the Bugbee regime. Many 
 came to do him honor in the reception held in the chapel of 
 Ruter Hall. 
 
 The courses of instruction, classified under six schools, 
 were now completed and made a brave showing in the elabo- 
 rate catalogue of 1877. This was a publication of ninety pages, 
 as compared with the twenty-four of the issue of 1874. The 
 school of Hebrew and Biblical literature was given a fresh 
 emphasis, I)r. Hyde being transferred to it from the Greek 
 chair. President Bugbee believed there were not enough theo- 
 logical seminaries in Methodism for the candidates entering 
 the ministry and the college should help meet the need. The 
 school of Latin and modern languages was created. Professor 
 Reid having charge in addition to the Greek instruction. 
 
 The following year brought the expected increase, the num- 
 ber in the preparatory school alone equaling the total attend- 
 ance of 187P-7. Two new instructors were W. G. Williams, '75, 
 in modern languages, and J. II. Montgomery, '77, in science 
 and Latin. The military feature grew in favor. In the winter 
 the basement of Library Hall down town was used as an 
 armory. An improvement of much moment was the reorgani- 
 zation of the library under the direction of Professor Tingley. 
 
 [ 207 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 This scientist gave public lectures and maintained one of the 
 most thorough departments in the college; yet he found time 
 to assume the new care. He travelled at home and abroad in 
 the interest of the library. Besides the collection of David 
 Hick, Esq., other valuable additions amounting to some thou- 
 sand volumes were made. 
 
 Again, a quadrennial reunion of the alumni came round. 
 The address was by Hon. B. F. Martin, '54, a AYest Virginia 
 Congressman. Four score returned to the banquet on the 
 campus and the tales of other days were loyally recited. 
 Reminiscences of the times of Presidents Clark and Barker 
 abounded. The project was started of forming branch alumni 
 associations in the large cities. In the matter of the long- 
 mooted alumni professorship, a committee of young graduates 
 was named with the expectancy that the chair might be filled 
 within the life time of its members. 
 
 One plan of Dr. Bugbee unrealized was the erection of a 
 building for young women on the campus. He took counsel 
 with citizen and with student and talked his desire far and 
 wide. The Trustees decided on a site west of Bentley and had 
 an architect submit a plan. A picture of this proposed Ladies' 
 Hall was put in the catalogue of 1878 and the search of a 
 possible donor went on. And he was found in the person of 
 Marcus Hnlings, of Oil City, a man whose name had been con 
 nected with several benevolences. He was a member of the 
 Presbyterian Church. 
 
 Mr. Hulings agreed on June 5th, 1870, to give five thousand 
 dollars toward the building if a like sum was raised by the 
 Board. His challenge was at once met by the friends of the 
 college subscribing its quota. He later increased his gift. The 
 architect's plans being long well known, the contract for the 
 building was let so quickly that the cornerstone laying came 
 in commencement week, on June 25th. An eloquent address 
 was made by the chief benefactor on the Christian education 
 of women. Representing the student body, a paper written by 
 Miss Ida M. Tarbell. 'SO. was read. Among other things she 
 snid : 
 
 "The movement for the Ladies' Hall shows much of pure pluck. 
 The tf'irls have appreciated its necessity and made the best of their 
 
 [ 208 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 surroundings in the past. They said, 'we were allowed to come to 
 Allegheny College and shall remain, then by and by they will have to 
 prepare a place for us'. When we see our hopes now about to be 
 realized, each one has a heart-felt gratitude that this hall has been 
 begun. For those who come after us a way is furnished to hundreds 
 of young women of all this region, who will be induced by this college 
 home on the campus to seek a higher education. 
 
 Hulings Hall 
 
 "As we lay the cornerstone of this structure today, firm and solid, 
 so will a great procession of girls in coming years lay the cornerstones 
 of their lives. They will obtain something here that whatever life 
 may be to them, they will have a foundation so firm that their woman- 
 hood will not yield. They will become so strong and self-reliant that 
 they will be able to benefit and not hinder the world. 
 
 "We are deeply thankful to many friends who have helped on this 
 work by words and deeds. Above all, we express our gratitude to 
 
 [ 209 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Faculty and fellow students. As to our classmates, never were women 
 in college halls treated more royally than we are, never was truer 
 chivalry manifested than in the respect and kindness with which Alle- 
 gheny women are received by Allegheny men. We are deeply debtors 
 to very many for the new surroundings to come in our college life and 
 we purpose by improving these means for better culture, to show you 
 the gratitude of true women." 
 
 Hulings Hall was the name given to the new building. It 
 was 93xS5 feet in size, three stories high, with accommodations 
 for eighty some students. The structure was ready for occu- 
 pancy in little more than a year, being opened in the fall term 
 of 1880. Miss Harriet Linn, '80, (Mrs. R. C. Beebej was the 
 first preceptress. The addition of this home for young ladies 
 to the equipment of the college placed coeducation m Alle- 
 gheny beyond the experimental stage and assured its future. 
 
 With the decade of the Eighties, the size of the graduating 
 classes evidenced the results of the preparatory school. The 
 average number to receive diplomas for eight years had been 
 thirteen. The Class of 1880 had twenty-one members, that of 
 1881, twenty-six. The high-water mark of attendance under 
 Dr. Bugbee was in 1879. Major Hess, having finished his detail 
 of three years, was succeeded Aug. 12, 1880, by Lieutenant G. 
 O. Webster, of the Fourth U. S. Infantry. He became Major 
 Webster at the head of the college battalion. He had gradu- 
 ated at West Point in I860 and distinguished himself in the 
 campaign against the Fte Indians, being on the noted expedi- 
 tion of General Merritt. Major Webster continued the excel- 
 lent work of his predecessor. The battalion consisted of four 
 companies, the average total strength being 125. 
 
 The enlarged college meant increased expenses. The Cen- 
 tenary Fund Societies were in a healthy condition. That of the 
 Pittsburgh corporation had been increased by wise investment. 
 The Erie Conference fund, by various gifts, aggregated over 
 one hundred thousand dollars. Yet the contingent or matricu- 
 lation fees were increased to forty-five dollars a year to help 
 meet the budget. The revenues from this source had now 
 growTi from sixteen hundred to twelve thousand dollars. The 
 Hoard called for an additional endowment of one hundred 
 
 r 210 l
 
 HISTOKY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 thousand. The governing boards did not always agree in their 
 financial plans and some friction arose on the adjustment of 
 salaries. 
 
 President Bugbee was excused from teaching duties in 
 1881 and gave his attention to the business interests of the 
 college. He was not a man of vigorous constitution and his 
 health grew more impaired. Yet the community and student 
 body were much surprised and greatly grieved when his resig- 
 nation was handed to the Trustees June 28, 1882. Dr. Bugbee 
 sought rest in New York to recover his physical powers, but 
 died on July 28, 1883. An impressive memorial service was 
 held in the Stone Church at which eulogies were made by Dr. 
 A. B. Hyde and Dr. D. H. Wheeler. 
 
 The administration of the sixth president of Allegheny 
 brought a new era to the college. The external evidences of 
 the improvement were patent to even a prejudiced eye. He 
 came with high ambitions to Meadville. He had public spirit, 
 sound practical judgment and energy, combined with a rare 
 amiableness of character. Dr. Bugbee was generally beloved 
 by the students. He was interested in their welfare and by 
 a vital personal contact with very many of them his influence 
 was of large potency. In the commencement oration of S. P. 
 Long, '84, it was said : "His life continues in the characters of 
 hundreds of young men and women who have gone out from 
 under his instruction to complete the work which he began." 
 
 Allegheny had won a place in harmony with its traditions 
 and opportunities under the leadership of President Bugbee. 
 The undergraduate was proud of his college, the alumnus loved 
 it more dearly than before. The people of Meadville rallied 
 royally to its support and pledged their means again and 
 again to its needs. It esteemed the man at its head for his 
 character and his work's sake. His labors in behalf of temper- 
 ance and other good causes were of lasting worth. 
 
 The best years of the life of Dr. Bugbee were devotedly 
 given to the college. For his period and his circumstances his 
 administration compares favorably with those of other execu- 
 tives of Allegheny. It is possible that in some ways he was 
 ahead of his time in his planning. The system of the schools 
 
 [ 211 ]
 
 The Rev. I). V. Wheeler, D.T).. LL.D.. {'resident I88S-3, 1889-33.
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 of instruction was stimulating to the conditions he found. 
 The military and the preparatory schools rendered an im- 
 portant service. The labors of the President for the promotion 
 of the education of women is an enduring monument to his 
 memory. The financial future of the college was not yet safely 
 secured. Governing and Faculty relations were yet in flux. A 
 bigger and broader Allegheny had come to pass. Dr. Bugbee 
 had built well for a better college of the future. 
 
 Dr. Hamnett became acting president and took the chair of 
 philosophy. His place in the mathematics department was 
 filled by the election of Professor Milton B. Goff, '58, of the 
 Western University of Pennsylvania. Professor W. G. 
 Williams resigned the chair of modern languages and his work 
 was divided among the Faculty. 
 
 A long-anticipated disaster befell the college Dec. 8, 1882, 
 when Culver Hall was burned. The wooden structure went 
 like a tinder box. Sixty students were residents, escaping in 
 safety. The exits at three in the morning from a flaming build- 
 ing, with the mercury twenty below zero, were attended by 
 many thrilling as well as ludicrous experiences. The experi- 
 ment with the boarding hall had never been satisfactory and 
 no immediate movement was made to replace it. Dr. Hamnett 
 prophesied, "there will rise phoenix-like from Culver's ashes a 
 more beautiful building to be a greater ornament to the cam- 
 pus and more comfortable to its occupants." 
 
 The seventh president of Allegheny was made known on 
 April 14, 1883. The choice of the Board fell then upon Rev. 
 David H. Wheeler, D. D., LL.D., the editor until lately of the 
 Methodist in New York City. The inauguration took place 
 June 27 in the Stone Church. The oath of office was adminis- 
 tered by Judge Pearson Church, '50, and the keys of the college 
 given by Hon. G. B. Delamater. Judge J. W. F. White, '12, 
 spoke for the Trustees. The inaugural address was a masterly 
 expression on the philosophy of education. 
 
 Dr. Wheeler was born at Ithaca, X. Y., Nov. 18, 1820. The 
 family removing to Illinois in 1S1G, he entered the Rock River 
 Seminary, the leading institution of the time in that region, 
 and completed its course. After some teaching experience and 
 
 [ 218 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 journalistic work, lie served as professor of Greek in Cornell 
 College. Iowa, 1857 to 1SG1. Next, as U. S. consul at Genoa, 
 Italy, and war correspondent of the New York Tribune, he 
 lived abroad. In London he organized the bureau of press 
 correspondence. Dr. Wheeler was brought to America to take 
 the chair of English literature in Northwestern University, 
 which he held with marked distinction for eight years. He 
 had published in 1861, at London, Brigandage in South Italy, 
 and in 1872 he became editor of the Lakeside Monthly. He 
 received a call in 1875 to edit the influential organ of Metho- 
 dism founded by George I. Seney. This periodical was now 
 to be united with the Christian Advocate of New York. 
 
 The new executive entered upon his duties with a ripe 
 experience as a teacher. He also had been a keen observer of 
 men and affairs. In literary ability he took rank far above 
 any of his predecessors in office. He had made translations 
 while abroad of Italian works. In 1882, he published a volume 
 entitled Byways of Literature, and 1883 a sketch of J. A. 
 Fronde. He wielded a trenchant pen in the editorial chair. 
 His art as a writer was concentration. He was counted at 
 this time the best paragrapher in Methodist journalism. 
 Though admitted to the ministry. Dr. Wheeler never took a 
 regular charge. He was forceful as a preacher, his sermons 
 being models of style and thought. 
 
 The service to the college by Dr. Wheeler covered ten years. 
 At the end of half this period for a single year he exchanged 
 the executive for the professorial chair. His persona 1 , inclina- 
 tion ran to teaching rather than to administrative duties. 
 The exigencies of Allegheny had always placed on its presi- 
 dents the burden of financial solicitation. He must be a 
 business agent as long as the endowment was insufficient. Dr. 
 Wheeler could make a stirring address on benevolence but he 
 shrank from the man-to-man canvass for money. 
 
 The Methodist Conferences as organizations were now 
 responding less largely than in former years to appeals for the 
 college. The enlisting of a more substantial support from the 
 alumni was imperative. Additional embarrassment had been 
 felt, because the rate of interest on the Centenary funds had 
 
 [ 214 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 fallen. Current expenses apart from salaries ran into some 
 thousands of dollars. But the budget came to be more accu- 
 rately defined and the system of financial administration much 
 improved. Dr. Wheeler was given the authority in his first 
 Trustee meeting to raise a special fund to meet deficiencies in 
 salaries by such method as pleased him. A financial agent for 
 the college was now again appointed. 
 
 It was an open secret long known that the relations on the 
 staff of instructors were not harmonious. As a conservative 
 alumnus of the Class of 1888 expressed it in the Allegheny 
 Literary Monthly of 1911, "it is inexplicable that members 
 of such bodies as college faculties will permit personalities to 
 obscure principles or will look upon frank but honest differ- 
 ences of opinion as expressions of personal hostility". As the 
 situation did not improve, changes in the personnel of the 
 Faculty followed from time to time. 
 
 Dr. M. B. Goff, in 1884. after a brief but popular service 
 in the Kingsley professorship of mathematics and astronomy, 
 returned to Pittsburgh to be chancellor of its university. Dr. 
 Ammi B. Hyde, completing twenty years in vigorous, conscien- 
 tious work in the Faculty in various capacities, transferred to 
 the University of Denver, where he then rounded out a quarter 
 of a century of further activity as professor of Greek. With 
 his departure, the Biblical department was no longer distinct- 
 ively maintained. Professor J. H. Montgomery became tem- 
 porary instructor in mathematics. 
 
 The close of the second year of the Wheeler regime brought 
 the return of Rev. W. G. Williams from the pastorate to be 
 professor of ethics. Rev. Napthali Luccock came from the 
 Pittsburgh Conference to take the chair of mathematics Rev. 
 A. W. Newlin, '84, and Miss Louise S. McClintock, '77, as pre- 
 ceptress of Hulings Hall, were likewise added to the staff. Dr. 
 Hamnett, in the previous year, had been relieved of teaching 
 duties, having had a record of forty years of faithful class 
 room work, and was made librarian, also having the title of 
 emeritus professor of philosophy. Professor G. W. Haskins 
 became vice-president. 
 
 The patronage at this time was fairly uniform, the gradu- 
 
 [ 215 ]
 
 ni STORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 ating classes averaging twenty-four. The collegiate depart- 
 ment hovered about the one hundred mark with the prepara- 
 tory slightly larger, the total two or three score less than at 
 the close of the Bugbee period. Dr. Wheeler was an earnest 
 advocate of a classical education. He did away at once with 
 the nomenclature of the courses as presented in six schools 
 under his predecessor. His curriculum was presented in three 
 departments, the classical, instead of the liberal arts, the scien- 
 tific, and the Latin and modern languages. Other adjust- 
 ments were to be made subsequently. 
 
 A summary and astounding overturning by the Board of 
 Control and Trustees featured the commencement season of 
 1886. The unfriendly press designated the action as the long- 
 expected "new deal". All of the members of the Faculty 
 except the president submitted their resignations. There were 
 re-elected Rev. N. Luccock as vice-president and professor of 
 languages; Rev. W. G. Williams, professor of ethics and Ger- 
 man ; Professor J. H. Montgomery, chair of natural sciences ; 
 Professor C. S. Thatcher, chair of mathematics and civil engi- 
 neering; Dr. J. Hamnett, librarian, and Rev. A. W. Newlin, 
 preparatory school principal. The resignation of Professor 
 Tingley. which was to take effect the coming January, was 
 accepted and he was voted leave of absence with pay. The 
 honorary degree of Doctor of Laws was also conferred upon 
 the scientist who for twenty-three years had been a leading 
 stimulating factor in the educational life on the Hill. Pro- 
 fessors Haskins and Reid and Miss McClintock were also not 
 re-elected. 
 
 The executive report of this year outlined new policies in 
 the conduct of the college. Dr. Wheeler favored the entire 
 separation of the preparatory work into a school with its own 
 building and corps of instructors. His recommendation that 
 the Meadville Conservatory of Music be affiliated was adopted. 
 This institution numbered over a hundred students. The 
 Meadville Business College was also affiliated at this time. 
 Civil engineering was to receive more emphasis, though to 
 begin with only the fundamentals of the subject could be im- 
 
 r - 1<; i
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 parted. A post graduate department was likewise announced. 
 Expansion in many directions was now the program. 
 
 In mathematics and civil engineering Thatcher did not 
 accept his election and Dr. S. E. Stillwell, thoroughly trained 
 at Columbia University, came to the position in the fall. He 
 raised the standard of class room work and set a pace as a 
 teacher for his colleagues. Internal matters appeared to be 
 fairly adjusted after the late upheaval. The leadership of Dr. 
 Wheeler was popular and a larger success was predicted for 
 him. The next two years the attendance was almost three 
 hundred in college and preparatory, the Senior classes growing 
 to exceed those of any previous period. 
 
 All through the decade there existed a vigorous student 
 public opinion. The organ of expression was the Campus. 
 Many young men and women of talent and sound judgment 
 served as its editors. There was no question of administrative 
 policy or student concern that was not freely discussed. Pos- 
 sibly because a consistent program for Allegheny had not yet 
 emerged, the executive aims varying sharply, there was much 
 need and opportunity for comment and debate. 
 
 An English department was called for frequently by the 
 student literary lights. There was much criticism when in- 
 struction in the modern languages was not stressed. A demand 
 was made that trained instructors and specialists rather than 
 clergymen and the candidates of the patronizing Conferences 
 should be chosen for the Faculty. In all these utterances a 
 fine spirit of loyalty was shown. The one purpose was to bring 
 to pass a stronger Allegheny. 
 
 Again the dying interest in the literary societies flamed up. 
 The Athenian had been organized and ran a lively contest with 
 its ancient rivals. This last rally to restore the societies to 
 their early efficiency bore good results for a student genera- 
 tion or two. Other organizations were growing in influence. 
 The athletic association commanded a degree of attention. 
 The men's fraternities, now increased to five, moved into 
 chapter houses and became dominant forceful factors in the 
 college life. 
 
 [ 217 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 The military department did not preserve its pristine 
 glamor. All the officers detailed by the Secretary of War 
 were not equal to Major Hess in efficiency. An occasional 
 mass meeting was necessary to arouse enthusiasm and enlist 
 recruits. In 1889 drill was made compulsory for all men 
 under Junior rank. Not a few students acquired marked mili- 
 tary proficiency. The responsibilities incurred in battalion 
 and company affairs brought a valuable training. 
 
 A variety of interests apart from the class room found 
 expression on the Hill through the passing terms of each year. 
 There was a keener sense of student consciousness. From be- 
 fore the Civil War certain practices had come down such as 
 the anonymous publications, one of which led to a libel suit. 
 Class traditions became more tenacious. The Seniors had 
 their customs for the final week. Both the Sophomore and the 
 Freshmen Classes in the Eighties attempted certain distinctive 
 expressions of Their organizations. The most famous class per- 
 formance was the original play of "Captain Button," June 2S, 
 1887, by the members of 1800. 
 
 Dr. Wheeler was not a man of rugged physique and the 
 cares of his office affected his health, so that in February, 1887, 
 a brief respite was needed. The following year brought vexa- 
 tious student discipline. He came to the determination to 
 resign the presidency, but was willing to retain a place in the 
 Faculty. The local college world was not prepared for the 
 change and the surprise was intense when it was announced, 
 June 20, 1888, that Professor Williams had become the eighth 
 president of Allegheny College, Dr. Wheeler taking Hie chair 
 of Greek and English. 
 
 Rev. Wilbur Garretson Williams, D. I)., was born at Plain- 
 field, O., Oct. 0, 1852. After a high school course and year at 
 Washington and Jefferson College, he entered the Sophomore 
 ('hiss in Allegheny College in 1872. Here, as an under- 
 graduate, he devoted himself to philosophy, the languages and 
 literary work. After graduation, in 187.*), he served one year 
 as professor in the Lake Shore Seminary at North Fast, Fa. 
 Then for a year he was a minister in the Erie Conference, 
 
 [ 218 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 stationed at Erie. His alma mater called him in 1877 to the 
 chair of modern languages, which position he held five years. 
 From 1882-4, he was pastor of the large church in Jamestown, 
 N. Y. For a single year next he was principal of the Genesee 
 Wesleyan Seminary at Lima X. Y. When he returned to 
 Allegheny in 1885, a few of the far seeing expected him to 
 
 Dr. Williams, President 1883-9. 
 
 be advanced sooner or later to the executive position. Xo 
 other president except Homer J. Clark had become the head 
 of the college at so early an age. 
 
 He was recognized as a man of marked administrative 
 ability. He assumed office with a well defined plan. The 
 earliest movement was a renovation of buildings and grounds. 
 A generous local Trustee gave one thousand dollars to the 
 improvement fund and other citizens of Meadville liberally 
 aided. Vacation season wrought a transformation on the 
 Hill. Fences were removed, the road through the campus 
 
 r 219 i
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 graded, "Lake George" drained, board walks laid and Bent- 
 ley and Ruter Halls renewed outside and inside. 
 
 A new material atmosphere welcomed the students in Sep- 
 tember. Meadville furnished one-fourth of the attendance, 
 its largest patronage since the days of Timothy Alden. The 
 relations of Faculty and student body were quite harmonious 
 after the internal disturbance of the previous year. Dr. 
 Wheeler was most happy in his teaching duties, being re- 
 lieved of executive cares. His work in Greek, economics, soc- 
 ial science, and literature created a vast enthusiasm in his 
 classes. There was a spirit of industry throughout the col- 
 lege and the year had decided gains scholastic-ally. The 
 physical and chemical apparatus were much increased, Dr 
 Montgomery being warmly praised for his laboratory im- 
 provements, while Dr. Stillwell brought mathematics to the 
 front rank of pedagogic efficiency. 
 
 The further plans of Dr. Williams looked to an increase 
 of the contingent revenues, doubling of the endowment, in- 
 chiding an alumni professorship, and preparations for build- 
 ing a science hall and a gymnasium. The enthusiasm of the 
 president was contagious. He abounded in energy and the 
 alumni abroad had begun to catch his spirit, expecting large 
 tilings to come to pass for the old institution that was round- 
 ing out its three quarters of a century of usefulness. 
 
 The religious note had been emphasized from the chapel 
 desk each term. The association of students preparing for 
 the ministry was reorganized. There was a doubt however 
 whether all the teaching staff fully supported this feature 
 of the executive policy. Now Commencement came with its 
 congratulations upon a highly prosperous year. President 
 Williams gave an eloquent baccalaureate address upon the 
 theme of "Obedience to the Heavenly Vision." Then the dou- 
 ble system of government of the college, a contrivance long 
 fraught with a possibility of disaster, brought the brilliant 
 stait of the new administration to a complete wreck. 
 
 The annual report of the president, on June 26th, called 
 for the dismissal of a certain professor and the Joint Board 
 of Control, representing the four patronizing Methodist con- 
 
 f 220 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 ferences, recommended to the Board of Trustees of the insti- 
 tution that this action he taken. The Trustees voted flatly 
 not to concur. At once Dr. Williams, high-spirited, feeling 
 that his judgement of his associates in the Faculty should 
 he final, tendered his resignation. Conferences of the two 
 bodies could not remove the deadlock as to authority. An 
 adjournment was made to July 23rd when again the differ- 
 ence was not able to be adjusted. 
 
 Dr. Wheeler had been made the acting president in June 
 and upon him developed the duty of opening the college in 
 September. Since for the third time within seven years 
 there had come startling changes in the Faculty, it was not 
 strange that a feeling of distrust and uncertainty ensued. 
 In this latest variance, no executive was more competent to 
 meet the emergency than Dr. Wheeler. With him at the 
 helm the student body was supremely content. Another good 
 omen was the filling of the long standing vacancy in modern 
 languages. 
 
 Dr. J. W. Thomas after two years stud}* abroad and valu- 
 able teaching experience became the professor of French and 
 German. The instructor who had been the occasion of the 
 clash in authority declined to accept the election by the Trus 
 tees. Two other specialists came upon the staff at this time, 
 Dr. J. S. Trueman as Bradley professor of Greek and Latin 
 and Professor J. C. Fields, a Ph. D. from Johns Hopkins, in 
 mathematics. Rev. J. H. Miller, the excellent principal of 
 the preparatory department, was succeeded by W. A. Elliott 
 '89, today the ranking man in service upon the Faculty. Miss 
 Grace Foster a graduate of Northwestern University be- 
 came preceptress of Hidings Hall and instructor in history. 
 
 The college paper had clamored for trained teachers who 
 were not preachers and in the student satisfaction over the 
 new professors the work of the fall term was done with ex- 
 ceptional industry. To complete the rejoicing on the Hill, ic 
 was announced on January 8, 1890 at chapel with great cheer- 
 ing that Dr. D. H. Wheeler was again the president of Alle 
 gheny. The affection of the admiring undergraduate for the 
 man was transmuted into a deeper devotion to the college. 
 
 [ 221 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 The largest number of graduates since the founding, a class 
 of fortv-two, was sent forth this June. "Ninety" had been an 
 original, energetic group from its Freshman days. It showed 
 its class spirit by subscribing twenty-five hundred dollars to 
 an alumni fund to be supplemented by each graduating class. 
 
 Prof. W. T. Button was now added to the Faculty to as- 
 sume direction of the growing department of civil engineer- 
 ing. The course had been announced in 1884 and fifteen stu- 
 dents enrolled. Instruction of the first two years was differ- 
 ent only in drawing. In 188G Dr. Stillwell was professor of 
 mathematics and civil engineering, the fourth year in the 
 course was given and W. S. Twining with two others received 
 degrees. Twining then became instructor for a year and in 
 1889 had rank of professor. The Department was popular 
 and Professor Dutton entered as its head with ripe experi- 
 ence and the technical training of the V. S. Naval Academy 
 and Dartmouth College. 
 
 The decaying military department was astoundingly re- 
 vived by the assignment of Lt. J. K. Cree to Allegheny. He 
 introduced tactics as a study, college credit being allowed. 
 The worn out equipment of the battalion was replaced with 
 modern guns and cannon. The commandant was a man of 
 broad sympathies and under his fostering care the athletic 
 interests made a creditable showing. Allegheny for the first 
 time entered into definite intercollegiate relations. It par 
 ticipated in a field meet at Pittsburgh, May .'{0, 1891 and the 
 base ball club took its first southern trip. 
 
 Student sentiment now loudly expressed itself for a gym- 
 nasium. Subscription lists were started on the Hill. It was 
 hoped the authorities would mature a plan for the erection 
 of a building. Dr. Wheeler lent his support. Collections 
 were appointed as of yore for a day in December, 1891. Oth- 
 er needs were also voiced, a science hall and an observatory. 
 In intellectual competition the college proved its worth by 
 entering an oratorical league of seven institutions of Western 
 Pennsylvania and having its representative, W. W. Young- 
 son, win the contest at Beaver Falls. 
 
 The college attendance showed some decline after the high 
 
 f 222 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 mark of 1888. The affiliated schools prospered. The most 
 novel experiment of the Wheeler regime was the introduction 
 in 1880 of a department named the post graduate. This ac- 
 tion reflected the tendency of the period to popularize learn- 
 ing. The scheme was originally designed for Allegheny 
 alumni desirous of further cultural study. Few matriculated 
 until 1800, after which the enrollment of twenty-seven 
 jumped to ninety-seven by 1893. Many others from outside 
 entered the courses, a score of states being represented. 
 
 The first gifts in many years now opportunely became avail- 
 
 Wiloox Hall 
 
 able. By the will of Miss Lucy Lindley of Meadville ten 
 thousand dollars was received, the interest of which was to 
 help pay fees of needy students. A bequest of Robertson 
 Wilcox of Girard of five thousand dollars was able to be used 
 in 1802 and the Trustees voted to erect the Wilcox Hall of 
 Science. The work began in August upon a structure, 41x60, 
 two stories in height above the basement. It was provided 
 with laboratories for physics and chemistry. It was {he first 
 building upon the campus, representing the idea of the new 
 education with its essential and independent equipment for 
 each college department. 
 
 [ 22:5 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 In 1892 failing health sent Dr. Wheeler south for a month 
 in late winter. About the same time Dr. Trueman's death 
 came as a severe loss. Then following his earlier inclination, 
 the president tendered his resignation in June to take effect 
 in one year. The vacant Bradley chair of Greek and Latin 
 was filled by the election of Professor W. A. Elliott, '89, who 
 for three years had been the efficient head of the preparatory 
 school. Clarence F. Ross, '91, after a year in Missouri Wes- 
 leyan returned to succeed to the Allegheny principalship. 
 
 The final year of the decade of service which Dr. Wheeler 
 gave to Allegheny was marked by harmonious and faithful 
 performance of duty. A deep undercurrent of regret pre- 
 vailed that so genial and admirable a personality was to be 
 taken from the college. Having a ripeness of culture and 
 judgment, a catholicity of thought and a genuineness of sym- 
 pathy with student sentiment, his gifts had enabled him to 
 fill his position with an ideal efficiency. As a teacher. Dr. 
 Wheeler had the happy faculty of making learning ever fresh. 
 As a public speaker his addresses were models of grace and 
 point. His baccalaureate sermons are yet cherished as lega- 
 cies of sound doctrine and abiding inspiration. As an exe- 
 cutive his ability was equal to the emergencies. As a man, 
 his frankness and fairness made all right minded students his 
 devoted supporters. His life molded powerfully the youth it 
 touched for that which was strong, wholesome and honorable. 
 
 To Allegheny Dr. Wheeler gave a more critical scholar- 
 ship. He made the courses of study more liberal and practi 
 <al. He believed that the college should expand in its rela 
 lions. Yet Allegheny in the lines of material progress was 
 not abreast of the educational advance of the times. There 
 had been a striving for a third of a century to get an ade- 
 quate equipment. The traditions of the college were most 
 honorable. Many alumni of worth had gone forth to serve 
 their age. But newer colleges were much ahead of the old 
 institution at Meadville. What was to the wisest policy of 
 the future? The past of Allegheny before 1893 had not 
 solved the problems of control, curriculum and endowment in 
 the light of the new higher education. 
 
 [ 224 ]
 
 CHAPTER VIII 
 
 THE NEW ALLEGHENY 
 
 FAVORITE conceit of the 
 stud e n t s and friends who 
 had known the college in the 
 period of its ninth president 
 is to use the phrase The New 
 Allegheny. This term does 
 not signify a break with the 
 past, nor tlie setting up of 
 changed ideals, but it means 
 a modern institution, con- 
 scious of its educational goal. 
 with enlarged facilities in 
 laboratory and library, and 
 offering a variety of courses 
 of stud y consonant with 
 Twentieth Century standards. 
 Such an achievement was not 
 effected in a single year, nor 
 a decade, but it has been the 
 fruition of broad masterly 
 plans, of patient loyalty in the face of every obstacle, of in- 
 domitable energy for a score of years and more, and of gen- 
 erous, enthusiastic cooperation by very many who love the old 
 college and who have faith in it. The early foundations had 
 been of inestimable worth; the legacy of splendid service 
 rendered to church and state by the alumni through the cen- 
 tury gone is a priceless heritage. No vision of a desert to 
 blossom as the rose, no sacrifice of time and talent, no labor 
 of the past can now be pronounced as futile and in vain, when 
 the reality is viewed of the well-rounded, progressive modern 
 college of today. 
 
 On July 20, 1803, Rev. William H. Crawford, D. D. was 
 
 [ 225 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 elected the ninth president of Allegheny and a committee of 
 the Trustees appointed to arrange for his inauguration on 
 October 18th. It was an installation worthy of the new epoch 
 to come. The traditions of the Thirties were revived in an 
 academic procession from the campus to the Stone Church. 
 In its ranks were President-elect, Faculty, Trustees, alumni, 
 Greek Letter societies and all college organizations, bearing 
 banners. The city Avas decorated and the place of the instal- 
 lation could not contain the throng. Addresses were made 
 by Bishop Vincent and Dr. J. M. Buckley of New York. The 
 keys of office were presented by Judge J. J. Henderson. The 
 inaugural theme was "the place of the college in modern so- 
 ciety." The day concluded with a great, popular reception to 
 President and Mrs. Crawford. 
 
 The new executive was at the prime of life. He was a 
 graduate of Northwestern University and the Garrett Bibli- 
 cal Institute. He had made a brilliant record in college as 
 a scholar. He had held important pastorates in the Rock 
 River Conference of the Methodist Church and been four 
 years professor of historical theology in the Gammon Theo- 
 logical Seminary of Atlanta, Ga. Dr. Crawford now had a 
 wide reputation as an eloquent platform speaker and came 
 to Meadville strongly endorsed as a man of superior execu 
 live ability. 
 
 The Campus of October 21st, expressed student opinion as 
 follows: 
 
 "At this time, just when the college reaches a critical situation, 
 youth and energy are introduced. Vim and vigor take the place of 
 the easy-going method of carrying on the affairs of Allegheny. The 
 bright light of continued prosperity multiplied many fold seems at last 
 dawning. We can see faintly mirages of new buildings! Gymnasium! 
 Observatory! The lirst is almost a certainty. Dr. Crawford has entered 
 into the subject of athletics with a spirit that every student heartily ap- 
 proves. He has already in operation many plans for the college. His 
 zeal has imbued all with new activity."' 
 
 In dune Li. -I. I\. Cree had ended his efficient work for 
 the college battalion, though months earlier he had wished 
 to leave because of lack of student support. Lt. F. J. Koester 
 became his successor. The final official act of Dr. Wheeler 
 
 r 220 I
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 was the opening of Wilcox Hall and the new building relieved 
 somewhat the congestion of classes in Bentley. After the de- 
 parture of l>r. Fields to Europe, Professor Dutton had held 
 the combined chairs of mathematics and civil engineering. 
 The engineering alumni were meeting with marked success 
 in their profession and the course grew in popularity. 
 
 President Crawford was ready at the semi-annual meeting 
 of the Trustees in his first year with a program. He was 
 not a stranger to conditions at Allegheny, having visited the 
 college in li is undergraduate days and kept in touch with its 
 subsequent history. He saw that the essential needs were 
 threefold; a larger enrollment, an increase in Faculty and 
 departments, and additional buildings. He realized that no 
 new structures would rise until the patrons felt the necessity 
 of them. It was unwise to ask for more students without a 
 larger teaching staff to meet them. Hence the first executive 
 recommendation was that the instruction of Greek and Latin 
 be separated. 
 
 But the problem was how to pay the new man. The hold- 
 ings of the Centenary Fund Societies had not grown. Inci- 
 dental fees had been raised in 1800 from ten to twelve dollars 
 a term. Permission was accorded to make appeal to alumni 
 and friends ami by their gifts Dr. I). H. Holmes, fellow in 
 classics at Johns Hopkins University, became acting professor 
 of Latin the spring term. By the same hand to mouth meth- 
 od. Dr. E. B. Lease was secured for the Latin chair the follow 
 ing year. There had been previously but four full professors. 
 The president would have doubled the number at once had 
 he the means at his command. 
 
 In the -June official meeting Dr. Crawford asked to have 
 the alumni professorship of history and political economy cre- 
 ated. The usual conditions were attached, but the alumni 
 responded so liberally, that Dr. -I. W. Perrin, of Johns Hop- 
 kins and Chicago Universities, was elected to the new chair 
 and began his duties in January, 1805. Other important ac- 
 tion was taken intensifying the work of the liberal arts col- 
 lege. 
 
 The non-resident post graduate department was discon- 
 
 [ 227 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 tinned. Those enrolled could finish their courses, but after 
 three years no degrees were to be conferred. To increase the 
 efficiency and extend the usfulness of undergraduate work 
 were announced as the policy of Allegheny, based on the be- 
 lief that there is more imperative need of first class colleges 
 than of universities. A Faculty already overworked was 
 thought to have no time or energy left to supervise higher 
 courses of study. The recitation period now was extended 
 from forty-five minutes to one hour. 
 
 A feature of much profit was afforded in a series of pub 
 lie lectures each year by specialists upon social, educational, 
 missionary and Biblical topics. Increased appropriations 
 were made to the library for modern books. Professor W. A. 
 Elliott had leave of absence in 1894-5 for study in Greece. 
 The close of the year was distinguished by the coming of Gov. 
 Win. McKinley, a student of 1859, to make the Commence 
 nient address. Now also was observed the eigthtieth anni- 
 versary of the founding of Allegheny, Judge N. E. Worthing- 
 ton, '54, being the alumni orator of the occasion. The alumni 
 accepted as its trust the new chair of history and politics. 
 
 In the administration of President Crawford there are 
 three dramatic, outstanding incidents, each of which ushers 
 in essential stages in the evolution of the new Allegheny. 
 The first occurred June 25, 1896, in the breaking of the ground 
 for the gymnasium. The student clamor for such a building 
 had grown steadily. Participation in intercollegiate athletics 
 had been a failure because of no convenient place for training. 
 Interest in military drill yet blew hot and cold. The current 
 year had seen the plan tried of compulsory physical exercise 
 with a term fee, unless the student enlisted in the battalion. 
 
 The executive recommendation had been urgent for a start 
 at once on the gymnasium. The lack of funds was as usual 
 the obstacle, but after a lively discussion in the Board foi 
 and against athletics, a majority was registered in favor of 
 action. An appropriation of live thousand dollars, opportune 
 ly available, was made to begin work. A highly interesting 
 ceremony was staged on the campus in the afternoon. Mr. 
 Harvey Henderson of the Trustees made a stirring address 
 
 [ 22S ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 in which he confessed that lie had not cared originally for 
 the gymnasium, but lie was now impressed that Dr. Crawford 
 had a program to meet a real need. He urged that full con- 
 fidence in the president be shown by the hearty cooperation 
 of all. 
 
 The subscription for the balance of the cost of the build- 
 ing proved popular. Mr. E. A. Arter gave one thousand dol- 
 lars, the student body a like amount and the citizens of Mead- 
 ville were very liberal. The new structure was read\ for oc- 
 cupancy the spring term, but the formal opening was June 
 
 The Gymnasium 
 
 23rd. The gymnasium was of stone and brick, eighty-five 
 feet in length by forty-five feet in width. T.ie second floor 
 was used by the Young Men's Christian Association. The 
 building was also a drill hall for the battalion and it was 
 hoped to place the military department on a firm basis. 
 Physical instruction, apparatus, and indoor games were at- 
 tractive and the gymnasium speedily became a center of many 
 college interests. 
 
 The scholastic program meanwhile was making steady 
 progress. The department of biology was created in 180G, be- 
 ing separated from the physical sciences, and Dr. E. L. Rice 
 fresh from the University of Munich was made the first head. 
 After a two years' service Dr. Lease was followed by Profes- 
 
 [ 220 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 sor Edward C. Morey in the Bradley chair of Latin. C. F. 
 Ross with a year's study abroad was advanced t^ an assistant 
 professorship. Miss Blanche Best, who been several years in- 
 structor in expression and physical training was succeeded by 
 Miss Alice Huntingdon Spalding of Northwestern University. 
 
 The ideal of a purely liberal arts college was now constant- 
 ly in view. The Board of Control recommended that a school 
 of practical theology be established. The matter was re- 
 ferred by the Trustees to a committee of three laymen, who 
 never made a report. The annual catalogue ceased to adver- 
 tise the Meadville Business Sehool and the relations with the 
 Conservatory of Music became nominal in nature. The 
 courses of study were arranged for more electives in the Jun- 
 ior and Senior classes. A fifth course, the English and Mod- 
 ern Language, was added in 1897. 
 
 The third year of President Crawford witnessed a response 
 in patronage to the improved conditions. The attendance in 
 collegiate and preparatory departments reached 315. the Sen- 
 ior class was ten larger than in 1805. The total enrollment 
 of 1897 was one hundred more than that of 1804. The col 
 legiate body alone of 1808 was over two hundred, the highest 
 figure in Allegheny's history to that date, and twice the total 
 in the four college classes of 1804. In this same banner year 
 two of the new professors were called to larger institutions. 
 Dr. Ernest Ashton Smith came from Johns Hopkins to take 
 the place of Dr. Perrin in history and politics. Professor 
 Martin Smallwood of Syracuse University also succeeded Dr. 
 Rice. Another department was now added, that of English 
 Language and Literature. Professor II. K. Munroe of Wes 
 I cyan University held this latest chair. The number of full 
 professorships had been doubled in five years. 
 
 Increase of Faculty and increase of students had been 
 speedily achieved. But any notable expansion in building 
 must conic from liberal gifts and enlarged endowment for 
 maintenance. This was the next line of attack taken by the 
 executive. All the productive funds available in the past 
 were held by the independent corporations of two Methodist 
 Conferences. The combined sum was little over one hundred 
 
 [ l>:',o ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 and fifty thousand dollars. Allegheny served educationally a 
 region of richest natural resources, those of oil and coal. 
 Eastern observers had often expressed surprise that the col- 
 lege with its widely scattered friends and conspicuous record 
 of high service had failed through the years to be liberally 
 endowed. 
 
 In 1897-8, the patronizing area was visited and the plans 
 and the needs of the college told to its constituency. The Trus- 
 tees decreed that all solicitation should be under the direction 
 of the president and the executive committee of the Board. 
 The immediate object in view was a new library. Dr. Craw- 
 ford now gained an intimate acquaintance with the many 
 friends and the alumni of Allegheny who gave the loyal finan- 
 cial response of subsequent years. The labors of this season 
 proved as fruitful as the first visit of Timothy Alden to New 
 England, whence later there followed the gifts of the princely 
 libraries of Eentley and Winthrop. 
 
 The optimistic vision of the president was characteristic- 
 ally revealed in an address before the Pittsburgh alumni as 
 sociation, April 12, 1898. His topic was the First Centen- 
 nial, Allegheny in 1915, in response to the sentiment, "We will 
 lead our youth into higher fields." The picture which he 
 painted was that of a beautiful campus adorned with many 
 useful and attractive buildings in which a much increased 
 Faculty lectured to a student body expanded three-fold. Then 
 in Chicago a week later he was able to organize an alumni 
 association that had the great benefactor of Allegheny, Dr. 
 .John F. Eberhardt, '53, as its chief spirit. 
 
 lust as the alumni had been enthused over a rejuvenated 
 alma mater, likewise the zeal of the undergraduate at last 
 had been aroused into a genuine college spirit. The founding 
 of the Literary Monthly in 1896 strongly promoted loyalty. 
 The periodical abounded in biographical sketches of eminent 
 alumni. The literary societies once again revived. Allegheny 
 won first place in the intercollegiate oratorical contest of 
 1890, second in that of 1S<>7. The first intercollegiate debate 
 resulted in the defeat of Bucknell University in 1898. A new 
 support for athletics came from the Faculty. The baseball 
 
 [ 231 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 nine gave a good account of itself each year. In 1898. a fair 
 start was made in football. The second season of basket ball 
 in 1808-9 put Allegheny into that famous stride of victory 
 which the fives have held to the present time. By an un- 
 compromising stand against professionalism in athletics, stu 
 dents were encouraged to try for the teams. 
 
 The social life of the college was finely fostered by Presi- 
 dent Crawford and his accomplished wife. The executive 
 residence was opened graciously in receptions to the entire 
 student body. Mrs. Crawford early took a vital stimulating 
 part in the life on the Hill. She is greatly esteemed in Mead- 
 ville society and the official functions of Allegheny met high 
 favor under her auspices. 
 
 At the end of Lt. Koester's command of the battalion, Lt. 
 J. K. Miller was detailed from Washington. But he was in 
 Meadville only a few months when the Spanish War recalled 
 him into active service. The fever of patriotism burned in 
 the student ranks and five upper classmen marched away in 
 the Meadville company of the Pennsylvania National Guards. 
 Dr. R. B. Gamble, '93, was its efficient captain, having made 
 a fine record as an officer in the college battalion. Other 
 Allegheny alumni enlisted elsewhere. Professor Dutton was 
 made temporary commandant in Allegheny, but when after 
 the war the government did not renew its appropriation for 
 an officer, the military department came to a close. 
 
 The annual meeting of the College Presidents' Association 
 of the Methodist Episcopal Church met at Meadville, October 
 27, 1898, thirty institutions being represented. Endorse- 
 ment was given to the plan for raising ten millions for higher 
 education. The Commencement of this year was distinguished 
 by Hie presence of Governor Lloyd Lowndes, '65 of Maryland. 
 who presided at the alumni banquet. In an editorial of 
 the Literaky Monthly a review was given of "six years of 
 progress." Appreciative mention was made of improvements 
 in the old buildings, the impetus the gymnasium had given 
 to student enthusiasm and the comfort realized from the cen- 
 tral heating plant. Then the writer continued confidently: 
 
 [ 2:52 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 "This development is but a shadow of what the future is to bring. 
 Every day Allegheny is answering the demands of her students. Every 
 day these demands are increasing. The cry for a library is becoming 
 so loud and obstinate that it refuses to be quieted by the answer 'in the 
 near future'. We can not wait so long; we need it now. The old institu- 
 tion has done a noble work and is deserving of all praise that through 
 the three quarters of a century she has not dropped back, but has kept 
 well in line with colleges of her rank. And is she now to fail? No, 
 she must go forward. Her future can be measured only by the sympathy 
 and support her friends will give." 
 
 Aii expectancy of larger things and of higher efficiency 
 permeated the college body. The faith of the president was 
 reflected in undergraduate and professor. A new agency 
 making for loyalty was introduced in 1900 in the celebration 
 of Washington's Birthday. Patriotism and Allegheny spirit 
 ruled in these annual gatherings in the gymnasium. The 
 rivalry of class organizations, the original songs and choruses 
 for the occasion, and the artistic costuming have caused Feb- 
 ruary Twenty-second as an all-college affair to dispute the 
 primacy of the year with Commencement Day itself. 
 
 The initial banquet must ever remain unique in Allegheny 
 annals Mr. William Reynolds '37, the oldest living graduate, 
 told of the days of Alden and Ruter; Mrs. Harriet Linn 
 Beebe as first preceptress of Hillings gave a glimpse of its 
 early days. Miss Jean Frey '95 brought an inspiring message 
 on college loyalty. And no one present that night can ever 
 forget the address of President Crawford on "the outlook." 
 In most convincing and detailed words he described a suc- 
 cession of astounding gifts to the college, the buildings long 
 desired, library, chapel, administration and science buildings. 
 Then to the spellbound company he said, "that was all a 
 dream." Announcement was made though of five thousand 
 dollars from Mr. F. A. Arter to the alumni chair. 
 
 The man of the "outlook" however was not merely a 
 prophet, he was also a wizard. The magic of his faith in 
 Allegheny's future had begun to work at the start of this 
 scholastic year. The Newton Memorial Observatory was then 
 given by Mrs. Mary M. Newton of Batavia, 111., in honor of 
 her husband, Capt. I). C. Newton, a student of the early Fif- 
 
 [ 233 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 ties and a brave officer in the Civil War. Captain Newton was 
 a public spirited man of affairs, a philanthropist and influ- 
 ential citizen in his community up to the time of his death in 
 1893. 
 
 The observatory received a commanding - site upon the 
 campus. The structure though not large is complete. It is 
 built of native stone and its simple architecture makes it an 
 attractive member of the college group. The dedication oc- 
 
 Newton Memorial Observatory 
 
 mrred June 1 ( .. 1001, when Dr. F. M. Bristol of Washington, 
 J). (\ gave a scholarly address upon the relations of science 
 to humanity and religion. The observatory has been es- 
 pecially well equipped through the gifts of several generous 
 friends. 
 
 After a quarter of a century in the office of president of 
 Hie Board of Trustees, Mr. Alexander Bradley died August 
 lil, 1X00. His successor chosen in June, 1000, wns Mr. iMirhin 
 Home of I'it tsburgb. The Bittsburou Gazette spoke of the 
 new official thus: "He is one of the best known business men 
 
 I 234 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 of the city. He is a graduate of Yale University and has 
 been much interested in educational matters. The selection 
 of Mr. Home to fill the responsible position of president of 
 the Hoard after eight years' service as a Trustee is very pleas- 
 ing to thousands of Methodists who live in the bounds of 
 the Pittsburgh Conference." 
 
 The second dramatic incident in the regime of the ninth 
 president of the college came January 31st, 1001. It was the 
 Day of Prayer for Colleges in America and a deeply spiritual 
 message had been brought by Dr. YV. P. McDowell, secretary 
 of the Board of Education of the Methodist Church, to the 
 company gathered at the usual chapel hour on the second 
 floor of Ruter Hall. As the sermon closed. Dr. Crawford 
 arose to say he had been authorized to announce that this 
 would be the last Day of Prayer service held in this building, 
 lie continued that by the handsome gift of Capt. John P>. 
 Ford of Creighton, Pa., in memory of his wife, Mary B. Ford, 
 a new structure was to be erected at once, known as (he Ford 
 Memorial Chapel. 
 
 After the first happy outburst of applause had subsided. 
 Dr. McDowell offered the following beautiful prayer 
 
 "Thanks be unto God for this gift. In the name of Christ it is 
 given, to the service of Christ will it be dedicated. May the blessing of 
 Christ rest upon the giver and those who receive it. May the presence 
 of Christ lill the temple which shall be erected in His name. Grant 
 thy blessing, O God, to that dear man who far toward the sunset links 
 his life with the everlasting youth of the world. God bless him with 
 the peace that passes understanding. And bless us in this last day of 
 prayer in this old chapel. By the memory of decisions within these 
 walls, by the memory of Thoburn's consecration, by the memory of 
 those who have gone from this place to serve in the Church, we pray 
 Thee to bless us, and may the glory of the latter house far exceed the 
 glory of this present house. In the name of Him who is the Friend 
 and the Saviour of youth and age in all lands, we pray. Amen. 
 
 The gift of the chapel was the harbinger of a splendid 
 succession of contributions that aggregated three hundred, 
 thousand dollars for Allegheny by the close of 1001. On 
 March 17, it was announced at chapel that a friend of the 
 college whose name was withheld had given thirty thousand
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 dollars to build the greatly needed library. Then again 0:1 
 March 19, the news was given at chapel that a friend, an- 
 other anonymous benefactor, would pay sixty thousand dol- 
 lars to an endowment fund of two hundred, provided that it 
 was all subscribed by January first, 1902. 
 
 The mystery of the donor of the Library was well guard- 
 ed. Just before the gift was made public, the president had 
 visited New York, Baltimore and eastern cities where alumni 
 resided. The Allegheny Monthly commented that "'as soon 
 as some one by a munificent gift draws attention to the insti- 
 tution, patrons new and old almost fell over each other to 
 supply the needs of their neglected protege." What the writer 
 failed to grasp were the thorough planning, the many consul- 
 tations, the fervent devotion, the cumulative influences that 
 had been cooperating to get the movement under way for the 
 enlarging college. 
 
 The contemporary student had a favorite designation of 
 1901-2 as the "year of achievement." Reckoning from Com- 
 mencement to Commencement, it included the laying of the 
 corner stones of the chapel and the library and the dedication 
 of the two buildings. Bishop Fowler and Governor "NY. A. 
 Stone of the Commonwealth officiated at the beginning of the 
 work, June 20, 1901. Bishop E. G. Andrews gave the dedi- 
 catory sermon of Ford Memorial Chapel, June 17, 1902, while 
 President Moffatt of Washington and Jefferson College made 
 the address at the opening of the library, June 19. Both 
 seasons attracted a large attendance of alumni ami friends. 
 
 The Alumni Anniversary of June 18, 1901 was a highly 
 significant gathering in the Stone Church. Three addresses 
 were delivered. Dr. T. H. Hagerty, '54, returned after forty- 
 seven years to describe the Allegheny of before the war. Dr. 
 I. W. Miles. '74, spoke of Allegheny and the Twentieth Cen- 
 tury while .Miss Ida Tarbell. 'SO, interpreted the mission of 
 Allegheny. The alumni associations in Pittsburgh, New York 
 and Chicago were keenly alive to the new opportunities of 
 the old college and the yearly reunions now in the>e cities 
 and elsewhere became vigorous agencies in bringing Alle- 
 gheny to its increased usefulness. 
 
 [ 280 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Ford Memorial Chapel was fittingly located near Ruter 
 Hall. It is built of grey sandstone in Gothic-Romanesque 
 style. The auditorium is SO by (50 feet, with a seating capac- 
 ity of four hundred and fifty and a gallery for one hundred 
 and fifty persons. The furnishing of the interior, the great 
 north and south Gothic windows, the lesser windows of th.: 
 apse, filled with richly tinted glass, constitute a highly ar- 
 tistic assembly room. The flanking tower on the southeast 
 
 The Library 
 
 is a conspicuous ornament of the campus. Captain Ford be- 
 came interested in the college through Dr. James A. Balkan- 
 tyne and Ins wife, the latter a granddaughter. The gift of 
 the Chapel was made complete by the presentation through 
 Mrs. Ballantyne and her two sisters of a valuable pipe organ, 
 a superior instrument, whose excellencies were formally dis- 
 played by Alexander Guilmant of Paris. 
 
 The library in its site crowns the beautiful campus. Tt 
 is of Italian Renaissance architecture, constructed of a brown 
 vitrified brick with terra cotta. Its dimensions are eighty 
 
 [ 237 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 five by seventy-four feet with a central octagon reading room, 
 thirty-eight feet in diameter. Lighting comes from an octa 
 gon dome, in the inner panels of which are the names of 
 Moses. Plato, Vergil, Dante. Shakespeare, Newton, Goethe and 
 Hawthorne. Reference and cataloguing rooms are located on 
 the first floor and seminar rooms on the second. The stack 
 rooms are contracted for G0.000 volumes. 
 
 The greatest achievement however of this year was the 
 raising in less than nine months of the one hundred and forty 
 thousand dollars to meet the conditional pledge of sixty thou- 
 sand. From the first the confidence of Dr. Crawford in suc- 
 cess was absolute and his spirit was contagious. By June 
 21, he had over half the sum pledged. The last six months 
 was a strenuous campaign of much traveling, frequent inter 
 views and immense correspondence. President Durbin Horn..' 
 gave important aid. Col. S. B. Dick and Mr. E. A. Hemp 
 stead were very helpful in Meadville. Within four days of 
 the end of December twenty thousand remained unsubscribed. 
 
 But Crawford County in its two cities of Titusville and 
 Meadville did handsomely, taking half this amount and dis- 
 tant donors subscribed the balance. The two hundred thou 
 sand was in sight ninety minutes before 1902 was ushered 
 in and the subscription which closed the list came from the 
 Pennsylvania College of Music. The total number of those 
 who participated in the endowment fund was four hundred 
 and seventy four, in sums ranging from two dollars to ten 
 thousand. The Trustees, including the initial pledge of sixty 
 thousand, gave one hundred and thirty-five thousand of the 
 total. At the college banquet of February 22. 1!>02, the presi 
 dent was allowed to reveal that the splendid benefactor of 
 Allegheny, who supplied the mighty impetus to the much need- 
 ed endowment, was one of her most highly esteemed sons, 
 hitherto ;i frequent giver to the college. Mr. Frank A. Arter 
 of ( 'leveland, < Hiio. 
 
 The progress being made by the college in its standard of 
 scholarship and in the expansion of its courses of study re- 
 ceived signal recognition in this same year of achievement by 
 the granting of a chapter of the honorary society of Phi Beta. 
 
 [ 238 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Kappa to Allegheny. The triennial session of the fraternity 
 at Saratoga September 12, 1901, voted to admit Allegheny as 
 ihe fifty-first institution on its roll. Only two other charters 
 were then approved, ten applicants being rejected. The instal- 
 lation of Eta Chapter of Pennsylvania was conducted by 
 President C. F. Thwing of Western Reserve University, Feb- 
 ruary 18, 1002. With the five petitioning members of the 
 Faculty were joined a score of distinguished graduates from 
 1837 to 1882 as foundation members. The chapter had as its 
 first orator June IT, 1902 in its annual series of public ad- 
 dresses the scholarly Dr. AY. Y. Kelley of the Methodist Re- 
 view. 
 
 The increased income of the college allowed the permanent 
 endowment of certain departments. There were established 
 the Francis Asbury Arter professorship of mathematics, the 
 Eliza Kingsley Arter professorship of English language and 
 literature and the James M. Thoburn professorship of Eng- 
 lish Bible and philosophy of religion. A largely changed per- 
 sonnel of the Faculty below the four senior members now 
 came to pass. Dr. Thomas had left in 1901 to teach in Brook- 
 lyn, X. Y., and was succeeded in modern language by Dr. E. 
 T. Bynum, lately of the University of Arkansas. Professor 
 E. C. Morey after six years of much popularity as Latin pro- 
 fessor resigned in 1902 to go into business and his place was 
 tilled by the merited promotion of Professor Ross from the 
 preparatory school. Professor H. K. Munroe in English was 
 followed by Dr. F. C. Lockwood, formerly of Mt. Union and 
 Kansas State Colleges. After the biological department had 
 been conducted for a year by Dr. A. M. Reese of Johns Hop- 
 kins as acting professor, Dr. R. S. Breed of Harvard came 
 to be its head. 
 
 The new chair of English Bible and philosophy was occu- 
 pied by Dr. A. C. Knudson, lately of Baker University. Dr. 
 II. E. Wells, after a tine record as a specialist in Wesleyan 
 University, was chosen instructor in chemistry. Edward F. 
 Korns became principal of the preparatory school, which was 
 now to be separated entirely from the college. Ruter Hall 
 was available for other uses by the removal of the chapel and 
 
 [ 239 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 the library. Its second floor was fitted up for the prepara- 
 tory classes. The campus had been so altered, the entire at- 
 mosphere of the college so changed by the result of the rapi(\ 
 succession of events in the new century, that now the popular 
 talk was of the "New Allegheny." 
 
 Highest praises were accorded to Dr. Crawford for the 
 great stride of progress he had imparted to the college within 
 his first decade of service and the Trustees voiced their ap- 
 preciation by voting a vacation at will for travel at full pay. 
 The president with his family was absent in Europe until 
 March. 1903, when he came home to a royal welcome on the 
 Hill. A severe loss had visited the college in his absence in 
 the death of its Trustee and devoted friend. Dr. Ballentyne. 
 This rare man was taken at the height of his usefulness. Few 
 sons of Allegheny have been so universally esteemed for his 
 worth as he. The service in Ford Chapel to do honor to his 
 memory was the one sad note in all these years of rejoicing. 
 His name is graciously preserved by the Ballentyne Scholar- 
 ships, based on an endowment fund of thirty thousand dollars 
 established by Mrs. Ballentyne. 
 
 The total enrollment of students from 1900 was well above 
 three hundred and the percentage of those finishing the four 
 college years began to increase. A record breaking Senior 
 class of forty-seven members was graduated in 1903. The 
 entering classes began to reflect the good fortune of the col- 
 lege. The Freshmen in 1904 numbered 94, in 1905, there were 
 119, a figure little less than the entire collegiate body in 1893. 
 The normal Freshman class henceforth ran about one hun- 
 dred. Student activities grew more complex. The oratorical 
 contests open to all stimulated many competitors. Intercol- 
 legiate debating was placed on a firm basis. The Quill Club 
 was reorganized and became useful in creating public senti 
 ment and fostering traditions. The football team won as often 
 as it lost and no basket ball season seemed quite complete 
 unless a Yale or a Pennsylvania five had been vanquished. 
 
 The college community was especially pleased when it 
 could have a visit from the popular president of the Trustees, 
 Mr. Durbin Home. The first week of May, 1907, brought a 
 
 [ 240 ]
 
 HISTORY OP ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 distinguished group of guests to the campus, when the Board 
 of Bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church convened in 
 Ford Memorial Chapel. A series of addresses were given by 
 them at the chapel hour, revealing the extent of the work of 
 the denomination. All hut six members of the episcopacy 
 were present and this conference in Meadville was made sad- 
 ly significant by the news of the death of two of these absent 
 ones. Most impressive memorial services for Bishops Foster 
 and Hurst were conducted in the Allegheny auditorium. 
 
 The Methodist Bishops of 1907 
 
 The Faculty was granted an appropriate share in the pros- 
 perity of the college. The salary limit was raised am! a plan 
 of Sabbatic leave of absence for heads of departments to study 
 abroad on half pay was adopted. In June, 1903, the depart- 
 ment of chemistry had Dr. Wells advanced in charge of it 
 as assistant professor, while Dr. Montgomery directed physics 
 and astronomy. A year later, this well beloved scientist and 
 vice president of the college for fifteen years prepared to en- 
 joy a richly merited year of rest and travel. But the unfor- 
 
 [ 241 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 seen consequences of an operation called in mid-summer from 
 his earthly labors Dr. Montgomery, one who literally poured 
 out his life in devotion to his alma mater. Few men on the 
 roll of Allegheny's Faculty have made the impression upon 
 students for things that are true and pure and of good re- 
 port as did James H. Montgomery. 
 
 The curriculum of the college was expanding as the work 
 in the departments grew more specialized. The number of 
 electives offered in a six year period indicates the degree of 
 progress. In 1899 forty-three subjects were in the list, in 
 1905 seventy-three. The semester system now replaced the 
 three teams a year. Also again several changes and addi- 
 tions took place in the teaching staff. Dr. Bynum had re- 
 signed the chair in modern languages, and after a year's work 
 by an instructor, this department was divided. Dr. G. A. 
 Mulfinger of the University of Chicago became head of the 
 German section and Dr. E. N. Fraser was brought from El- 
 mira College to be dean of women and professor of French. 
 Dr. Wells was made full professor of chemistry. Dr. O. F. 
 Akers of Cornell University was the new assistant professor 
 of mathematics and Professor L. R. Brown of English. Dr. 
 S. R. Cook was acting professor of physics. 
 
 After an interval of two years the lide of benevolence 
 again turned towards the college. Col. S. B. Dick of Mead- 
 ville, Trustee and firm friend, donated the lands adjacent to 
 the gymnasium so that an enlarged athletic field was a possi- 
 bility. In March 1905, Mr. Andrew Carnegie expressed his 
 fust generous interest in Allegheny by a gift of $25,000. This 
 nas conditioned upon a like sum being secured. Another roy- 
 al friend, the largest benefactor of a century, was hereby 
 raised up. The liberality of Mrs. Sarah B. Cochran of Daw 
 son. Pa., provided that a gymnasium should be included in 
 the addition to Hidings Hall. 
 
 A preparatory school building was also made possible and 
 the Commencement season witnessed the laying of the corner 
 stones, that of the Academy being marked by the address of 
 Judge d. J. Henderson and that of the Hidings Annex by the 
 address of Miss Iris Barr, "SI. The alumni also had a notable 
 
 [ 242 |
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 observance of the nintieth anniversary of the founding of Alle- 
 gheny. Mr. Win. Reynolds, '37, represented the first quarter 
 century of its history, Dr. N. H. Axtell, 'GO, the second quar- 
 ter, Miss Ida M. Tarbell, 'SO, the third quarter, and Rev. R. 
 G. Freeman. '05, the present. 
 
 Alden Hall, 19J5 
 
 Alden Hall was the name given to the new structure at 
 the northeast angle of the campus. The year previous Pro- 
 fessor F. S. Breed, '98, one of ablest teachers among the young- 
 er alumni, was made principal of the school. In staff of 
 instructors and in equipment, no effort was spared to make 
 the separate preparatory plant a thorough success. The 
 building was constructed of grey vitrified brick in English 
 
 [ 243 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 school style. Its interior was well arranged and attractively 
 finished. It contained an auditorium, gymnas'um, laboratory, 
 society and recitation rooms. 
 
 The Annex to Hulings Hall was formally opened November 
 28, 1005, Mrs. Cochran being able to be present. The gym- 
 nasium for young women was adequate and complete. On the 
 fourth floor an assembly room for the Young Women's Chris- 
 tian Association and sorority suites were provided. Accomo 
 dations were now secured for a score more of students. I.i 
 ill*- previous year old Bentley Hall had been remade inside, 
 corridors constructed and offices arranged for the enlarged ad- 
 ministrative functions of the college. But President Craw- 
 ford yet saw new needs and in his report of June 21, 1005 
 urged the desirability of dormitories and a commons for young 
 men. besides an increase of scholarships. 
 
 A merited distinction was accorded Dr. Crawford this 
 year as the executive head of Allegheny College, when he was 
 made one of the twenty-five trustees of the Carnegie Founda- 
 tion for the Advancement of Teaching. This organization 
 was destined to revolutionize higher and professional educa- 
 tion in America by the standards it established. Dr. Craw- 
 ford was a delegate from the Erie Conference to the Methodist 
 General Conferences of 1000, 1004, 1008, serving on important 
 committees. The college was widely known through its pro- 
 gressive president. His policy was to have Allegheny repre- 
 sented in educational conferences and in the sessions of 
 learned and professional associations. 
 
 The flow of benevolence continued in 1006. At the Trus- 
 tee meeting in June, three large gifts were announced. Mr. 
 Andrew Carnegie offered *25,000 for the endowment of the 
 library, provided the amount was duplicated. This condition 
 was met by the gift of Chicago real estate from J. F. Eber- 
 hart, the benefactor of other years. Mrs. Sarah B. Cochraii 
 also liberally pledged s.~>0,000 for the erection of a commons 
 and dormitory. The Carnegie Foundation for the Advance 
 nient of Teaching now selected Dr. Hammett in his nintieth 
 year after sixty years service in the Faculty, as the beneficiary 
 of a retiring allowance of twelve hundred dollars a year. 
 
 [ 244 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 The library with its early treasures was thoroughly cata- 
 logued with the assistance of Miss Edith Rowley, '05, who 
 after special training became librarian. The card index, mak- 
 ing the books readily available for the first time, caused the 
 students to utilize the library in a manner that had been the 
 ideal of the generations in the Eighties and Nineties. After 
 four years of brilliant teaching. Dr. A. O. Knndson was called 
 to Boston University as professor of Hebrew and Old Testa- 
 ment. The college had the rare fortune to secure for the va- 
 cant chair in Bible and philosophy one of its alumni. Dr. C. 
 M. Oobern, '7(>, who came to bis work with high repute as a 
 
 Cochran Hall 
 
 Bible student, orator and archaeologist. I>r. (\ J. Ling of 
 Cornell University became in 1906 professor of physics, and 
 Dr. G. E. Suavely was brought from Johns Hopkins to be 
 instructor in French. 
 
 The enrollment of the college was gradually mounting. 
 The senior class of 1907 equalled the record number of 1 i)0:>, 
 but the next year it advanced ten, there being fifty-seven gradu- 
 ates. The total attendance was Hearing three hundred. This 
 made imperative the adequate housing of the Freshmen, so 
 that the completion of Cochran Hall was most timely. The 
 corner-stone had been placed dune 19, 1907, with an inspiring 
 address by Bishop W. F. McDowell. The formal ceremony 
 
 [ 245 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 of the presentation of the building to Allegheny College oc- 
 curred April 23, 1908. 
 
 Of the ten buildings which adorned then the college cam- 
 pus, Cochran Hall was the most costly. It was also the most 
 beautiful, as well as the most artistic and practical in its 
 equipment. To have a Commons of such elegance and size 
 was far beyond the good fortune of the average small college 
 of America. The structure is 120 by 80 feet, of red brick with 
 tile roof. The reception hall with its broad fire place, and 
 the lounging room with its rugs and appropriate furniture 
 convey a home-like impression. The dining room, oak-paneled 
 and with beamed ceiling is very attractive. The second floor 
 is a Freshman dormitory and the basement is given over to 
 the Young Men's Christian Association and the bowling al- 
 leys. 
 
 The public took a lively interest in the opening of Coch- 
 ran Hall. Mrs. Sarah B. Cochran, the donor, was the guest 
 of honor and in her behalf Rev. J. D. Brison, '97, made the 
 presentation of the building to the Board of Trustees, which 
 was accepted in their name by Dr. T. L. Flood. The orator 
 of the occasion was Senator J. P. Dolliver of Iowa who in 
 speaking of the field and service of the modern college, praised 
 Mrs. Cochran for the handsome gift by which she "made 
 herself henceforth a potent part of the institution from gen- 
 eration to generation." 
 
 While Allegheny was thus growing materially, there came 
 also a signal expansion in spirit, a unique establishment of col- 
 lege tradition, almost over night, as it were. Sentiment is 
 not a thing to manufactured. Its growth can not be forced. 
 But conditions in Allegheny were ripe for a renaissance of 
 loyalty and hero-worship. College spirit needed somethiug con 
 crete about which to rally, a personality that compelled ad- 
 miration and reverence. It was the rare privilege of a Senior 
 on the Commencement stage of 1907 to make a contribution 
 to Allegheny sentiment and history as valuable as any gift of 
 buildings or endowment in the Twentieth Century. 
 
 Timothy Alden was the theme of the Senior speaker, Mr. 
 F. L. LaBounty. He told of the vision of our Founder, his 
 
 [ 240 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 faith, his labors for his institution, lie alone making secure 
 for Meadville a college of the future. By his optimism, his 
 learning and enthusiasm the first president was to the present 
 hour a challenge to the integrity, the scholarship and the 
 patriotism of the alumni of Allegheny. Then growing more 
 incisive the orator said : 
 
 "I have a quarrel because we have been neglectful of his memory 
 and unmindful of his services. It is high time to take a backward glance. 
 It should be a matter of remorse that there is no portrait of him on the 
 Hill, no hall nor class memorial to recall his name. And yet we call 
 ourselves the sons of Timothy. Let us make amends. Let us go on a 
 pious quest to pay our small tribute at the grave of Timothy Alden. 
 Come with me where the morning mists of the Allegheny roll up the 
 hillside at Sharpsburg. Come with me into this deserted burial place. 
 With reverent hand let us raise the fallen slab and read again the quaint 
 inscription of the 'founder of unremitting assiduity." 
 
 Let us go on our way self-justified and leave the golden opportunity 
 of a more fitting tribute to another generation. Ah, a hundred years 
 hence, Timothy Alden will have come into his own; then his form shall 
 have been chiselled in rarest marble for this College Hill and the story 
 of his fame be the familiar lore of every Allegheny fireside." 
 
 The oration brought conviction ; the college press called 
 for action. President Crawford arranged with the trustees 
 of the Pine Creek Presbyterian cemetery and the Alden heirs 
 to have the remains of the Founder and his wife brought to 
 Meadville for reburial in Greendale. This act of college de- 
 votion was done on April 8, 1908, Meadville suspending busi- 
 ness as the cortege passed along the streets and through the 
 campus to the new place of interment. The Mayor, city coun- 
 cil, Masonic fraternity, Faculty and students participated in 
 the reverent honors to the dead. In Ford Memorial Chapel ap- 
 preciative historical addresses were made by Professors But- 
 ton and Elliott. 
 
 In June 1908, the Seniors placed a memorial tablet to 
 Timothy Alden in the main corridor of old Bentley. Found- 
 ers Day now took a place in the Allegheny calendar, April 
 24, being observed as the date of the arrival of Alden in 
 1815. Addresses were made on the day in 1909 by F. L. La 
 Bounty, on the meaning of Founders Day and Dr. E. A. Smith 
 on Presidents Ruter and Clark, and in 1910 by Bishop Tho 
 
 [ 247 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 burn on Calvin Kingsley and by Hon. Harvey Henderson on 
 President Barker. 
 
 The Commencement of 1908 was marked by a change in 
 the presidency of the Board of Trustees. After eight years 
 of loyal leadership Mr. Durbin Home resigned and was suc- 
 ceeded by Mr. Frank A. Arter, '04 of Cleveland. He was the 
 second alumnus in the history of the college to hold the posi- 
 tion of President of the Trustees. No son of Allegheny had 
 surpassed him in deep unwavering affection for his alma 
 mater and in generous support of it. Mr. Arter had been 
 absent from but few Commencements in two score years. He 
 knew the needs of the old college; he had been a powerful 
 factor in the new prosperity, he had well defined plans for 
 i yet enlarging future of usefulness. 
 
 The scholastic year of 1008-0 was an ideal one in the in- 
 ternal efficiency and spirit of the college. The enrollment 
 had leaped much above three hundred. The system of scholar- 
 ships available for honor graduates of high schools in the 
 patronizing territory was yielding excellent results. The 
 newly named Alden Academy was oddly not holding its own 
 and was made into a boys' school. Athletic successes caused 
 much enthusiasm in college circles, while the intercollegiate 
 debaters won brillianl victories ami Allegheny captured first 
 place at Wooster in the now inter-State oratorical league. 
 The interest of several years in mission study reached a climax 
 in the attendance upon the volunteer classes. 
 
 Again an extraordinary event was staged upon the cam- 
 pus. From April 11 to L>. 1 !>()!>. the fiftieth anniversary of 
 the sailing of Bishop dames M. Thoburn as a missionary to 
 India was celebrated in exercises of elaborate ceremony and 
 unparalleled appreciation. A world-wide homage was paid 
 to the man for the sublime achievements of his life. It was 
 i\ precious privilege for the undergraduates to witness the uni- 
 versal tribute laid at the feet of the most distinguished alum- 
 mis of Allegheny. Bishop Thoburn had moved to Meadville 
 lor the education of his family. It was a beautiful token of 
 the affection of friends of all climes and faiths when on April 
 I.'!, a home was presented to him and one thousand dollars. 
 
 [ 24H ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Tn the Thoburn Jubilee missionary secretaries of all de- 
 nominations, church editors. Bishops and missionaries par- 
 ticipated. More than thirty able and significant addresses 
 were given in Ford Memorial Chapel. Through them all the 
 modest simplicity of the Bishop of India was uppermost. 
 AVitli the dignity of a saint he heard the gracious words, only 
 to avow with steadfast faith, "the work is of God." The 
 speakers all emphasized the supreme importance of the Chris- 
 tian college as a training school for missionary leadership. 
 The final words of Bishop Hamilton were, "all continents 
 bring honor to you and you are bringing such honor to Mead- 
 ville as to place it among the immortals." 
 
 The members of the Faculty in succession availed them- 
 selves of the Sabbatic year for study abroad and in July, 1909, 
 the president sailed for a well-earned sojourn in Europe. Pro- 
 fessor W. T. Dutton, the ranking senior in service on the staff, 
 became acting president. Once again the attendance showed 
 gains and the size of the graduating class set a new record. 
 But the year begun so auspiciously changed later in the pub- 
 lic relations of the college. 
 
 The new order of tilings in Allegheny had not extended to 
 all the machinery of control and administration. When the 
 treasurer of the college and also of the Centenary Society of 
 the Erie Conference resigned in 1908, Br. T. L. Flood, a 
 former vice president of the Trustees, assumed the duties of 
 treasurer after the local audit of the books. No adequate 
 system had been used in the past to safeguard the receipt and 
 disbursement of funds, such as double signing of checks and 
 vouchers. Rumors of large defalcations of a previous official 
 were given sensational currency in the fall of 1909. A spec- 
 ial meeting of the Trustees was held and expert accountants 
 employed to make thorough examination of the financial af 
 fairs of the college. The president now returned from abroad. 
 
 Eventually, a loss of a few thousand dollars came upon 
 the college treasury. The funds of the Centenary Society 
 did not emerge so happily and with the losses of earlier years 
 its total holdings were much reduced. Out of this hurtful 
 publicity and bad financial supervision came the gain of an 
 
 [ 249 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 entirely reorganized system of handling the college monies. 
 Modern methods of accounting and auditing were instituted. 
 The Colonial Trust Company of Pittsburgh was made the 
 financial trustee of the College and a new investment com- 
 mittee created. 
 
 The third momentous incident in the administration of 
 the ninth president took place at the semi-annual meeting of 
 the Board of Trustees, February 24, 1910. It was after the 
 auditor's voluminous report had been submitted, and the rec- 
 ommendations of the committee of revision had been discussed 
 and accepted, after a resolution of appreciation of the services 
 of Dr. Crawford had been spread on the minutes, with the 
 tribute, ''Allegheny College is what it is because he has made 
 it," that the president of the college made a stupendous 
 proposition. He asked its support in a campaign to raise 
 half a million dollars for endowment to celebrate the Centen- 
 nial of 1915. He explained that negotiations had been opened 
 with the General Education Board with a possibility that it 
 would give a substantial sum to start the movement. The 
 boldness of the project challenged the imagination of the 
 Board and it solidly voted its approval. 
 
 The work on college hill went along as usual during 
 all the outside turmoil and the student body was serene. It 
 did send its representatives to a local newspaper to protest 
 against what seemed to it a partisan attitude. In the chapel 
 period of February 20, a vast rejoicing greeted the executive 
 announcement that the needed ten thousand dollars had been 
 pledged to complete the work on the athletic field, and that 
 the long desired rustic bridge over the ravine would be builfc 
 by Mrs. Sarah B. Cochran, as well as a boundary wall on 
 the south of the campus. Then in February 28, in a fine out- 
 burst of thorough loyalty the four classes marched down to 
 wave ban voyage to Dr. Crawford as he started back to Rome 
 to resume his leave of absence. 
 
 The secretary of the General Education Board of New 
 York visited Allegheny sooner than anticipated. From its 
 previous surveys the Board was aware of the two chief centers 
 of patronage, Pittsburgh and Meadville, and of the increasing 
 
 [ 250 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 proportion of matriculates who graduated. Now, no item of 
 laboratory, library, class room or campus escaped the notice 
 of the keen-eyed inquisitor. Forty colleges had precedence 
 over Allegheny in application for aid, but the news went 
 abroad May 24 that the institution at Meadville had been 
 voted a conditional gift of one hundred thousand dollars. 
 The principle of the Board was to help those who already 
 have and who help themselves. 
 
 The following month at the annual Trustee meeting, the 
 Half Million program was given a mighty impetus by the 
 pledge of one hundred thousand dollars from the best friend 
 of the college, Mrs. Sarah B. Cochran. The president asked 
 that plans for the entire campaign be reserved for the semi- 
 annual session of the Board. These two handsome proffers 
 of financial assistance to Allegheny coming at this juncture 
 were exceedingly impressive. They indicated that the in- 
 creased endowment would surely be secured, and the em- 
 barrassments which had grown most serious by the enlarging 
 college and its needs would be adequately relieved. 
 
 The Commencement season of 1910 was further marked 
 by the dedication of a large granite boulder and tablet, a 
 memorial to the students who fought in the Civil War. The 
 rustic bridge across the historic ravine, leading into the inner 
 campus, was also formally thrown open with addresses. The 
 Alumni Association made its first suggestions as to the ap- 
 propriate participation of the alumni in the one-hundredth 
 anniversary of the founding of the college. Another matter 
 of especial interest to them was direct alumni representation 
 on the Board of Trustees. Petitions had previously gone to 
 the Board and special committees had a change in the govern- 
 ing body under advisement. 
 
 The practice had been for nominations to the Trustee's 
 office to come from the Joint Board of Control. The first 
 step was to get the consent of the Methodist Conferences, rep- 
 resented in this Joint Board, to a readjustment of the sj'stem, 
 admitting the alumni to a choice. The plan submitted looked 
 to the withdrawal of the West Virginia and East Ohio Con- 
 ferences from any voice in the government; the Pittsburgh 
 
 [ 251 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 and Erie Conferences were to name eight each for the Board 
 and the alumni eight. This action would result in the termin- 
 ation of the Joint Board of Control dating from 1857. and end 
 the uncertain double-barrelled control that worked such havoc 
 in the late Eighties. 
 
 Three of the Conferences promptly assented to 1he new 
 program. Because of certain objections in the Erie Confer- 
 ence of 1010. that body did not take final, favorable action 
 until a year later. Meanwhile the alumni association devel- 
 oped its system of nomination for its representatives. In the 
 January Trustee meeting of 1012 the first nominees of four 
 each submitted by the two Methodist bodies were elected to 
 membership. Eventually twenty-four Trustees will be chosen 
 for a limited term of four years, six retiring each year, while 
 twenty-three are life members, selected cooptatively. 
 
 The problems of the modern curriculum and of the re- 
 quirements for entrance to college had pressed heavily upon 
 Allegheny as upon all American institutions of higher learn- 
 ing. A solution as the college saw its needs was finely effected 
 in 1011 and there has come to pass a New Allegheny scholas- 
 tically. The former courses of study were abolished. They 
 are replaced by eight groups of study, four leading to the B. 
 A. degrees, four to the B. S The list of free electives in the 
 Junior and Senior years was altered; as large a number is 
 offered, but they must be selected in reference to the group 
 of studies pursued. 
 
 In entrance requirements flexibility was secured by a larg- 
 er list of subjects for which a correspondingly larger credit 
 is allowed. Entrance certificates are accepted only from 
 graduates of the first rank high school. Thus the curriculum 
 came to lead the way in the new order in education. Though 
 mathematics was placed in the elective list for those in the 
 arts courses, and Latin entrance requirements were reduced 
 by half for modern language students, the entire action of 
 (he time was taken in a spirit of liberal conservatism. Alle- 
 gheny emerged more distinctively a college of liberal arts. <i 
 home for the study of the humanities. 
 
 The limit of time set for the raisin*: of the half million en-
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 dowment was Founders' Day, April 24, 1912. Soon after the 
 large gift of Mrs. Cochran in 1910 which was to endow the 
 president's chair, the line contribution of forty thousand dol- 
 lars was made by Mrs. Mary M. Newton, the earlier donor of 
 the Memorial Observatory. The plan for a year and more 
 was for Dr. Crawford to present the claims of the college to 
 its friends, soliciting gifts of one thousand dollars at least 
 and traveling to the Pacific coast. By January, 1912, the re 
 suits were reassuring and many generous responses had been 
 made. Then on March 2(> a special meeting of the Trustees 
 decided upon a whirlwind finish, for over one hundred thou- 
 sand was needed to bind the big pledges. 
 
 The two centers of the (dosing campaign were Pittsburgh 
 and Meadville. Mr. T. 1). Collins increased his gift of twenty- 
 four thousand by ten. The Chambers ('state brought timely 
 aid with the sum of twelve thousand five hundred. The seat 
 of the college was asked to raise thirty thousand. By aggres- 
 sive teams with Col. Lewis Walker '77 as local chairman the 
 amount was exceeded. The neighboring towns rendered vali- 
 ant aid. Jamestown, X. Y. sending in popular subscriptions 
 thirty-eight hundred dollars and Franklin, seventeen hundred. 
 Titusville, Oil City and Warren by a few notable gifts totaled 
 larger sums. Over four hundred of the alumni made their 
 pledges. The student body collected fifty-seven hundred dol 
 lars. An hour before midnight on April 24th, the Senior class 
 gave the final sum of the Half Million. None but the par- 
 ticipants know tin; complete joy of the celebration that en 
 sued that night. 
 
 It was the largest achievement of the administration to 
 that date. The supporters of Allegheny had been rallied 
 with rare skill. The number of contributions exceeded one 
 thousand. Mr. F. A. Arter. Dr. C. F. Welch and Mr. J. B. 
 Ford each gave ten thousand or upwards. Ten more good 
 friends gave five thousand each and two score others signed 
 for from one to five thousand a piece. The gifts meant at 
 once an increased Faculty. The "Centennials," the class of 
 1915, entered one hundred and thirty strong. The college now 
 
 [ 25:5 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 passed the four hundred mark. The first plans for the century 
 jubilee were announced in June, 1912. 
 
 The expanding Chemistry Department was now installed 
 in Alden Hall, the academy being abandoned, since those 
 entering Allegheny were coming prepared from the high 
 schools. Montgomery Field was finally opened October 5, 
 1912, giving the college superior athletic grounds, and con- 
 crete grandstand. Mr. J. F. Eberhart rounded out his gifts 
 to his alma mater to an even one hundred thousand in Chicago 
 properties. Then he paid for twenty-six acres on Park Avenue 
 extension to make a second athletic field. 
 
 In shaping the future policy of the college the Trustees 
 took the rather radical step of limiting the attendance to four 
 hundred. The friends of the institution felt that under the 
 present endowment and equipment the best results could not 
 be secured with a larger student body. The plan has 
 been to raise the standard of work so that the enrollment 
 could be automatically regulated by the character of the schol- 
 arship. Warrant for this action was afforded by the thor- 
 ough inspection made by the U. S. Bureau of Education and 
 a high official rating given to Allegheny. An increase of the 
 term fees from seventy-five to one hundred dollars a year 
 brought no diminution of patronage. 
 
 After eleven years of constructive work of high efficiency 
 in biology. Dr. R. S. Breed went in 1913 to the New York 
 Experiment Station, and was succeeded by Dr. C. A. Darling 
 of Columbia. Dr. E. A. Smith after three years in Prince 
 ton University returned to the department of history, econo 
 mics and political science. On October IS, 191:5 a significant 
 occasion was observed by the Faculty in the anniversary of 
 the twenty years administration completed by President 
 Crawford. In the remarks of Professor Dntton a fine tribute 
 was paid to the courage, the patience and the energy of the 
 executive. The score of years had witnessed a brilliant ad- 
 vance on the Hill: from four full professors to twelve, from 
 1H' to 499 students, from four buildings to ten, from 'en thou 
 sand dollars endowment to over eight hundred thousand. 
 
 The chief event of the year in the internal life of the col 
 
 r 254 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 lege was the adoption of the honor system in examinations. 
 The movement was started by the Seniors, supported by the 
 Juniors and favorably voted upon by the entire student body. 
 The sudden death of Professor Dutton, the senior professor 
 of the Faculty, March 19, was deeply mourned by college and 
 community alike. He had borne with great credit many ol' 
 1he administrative burdens, while Dr. Crawford was busy 
 with the financial expansion of the college. 
 
 The program for the celebration of the one huudredth 
 anniversary of the founding of the college now took final form. 
 There was to be a conference of leading educators upon the 
 place of the liberal arts college in the American system of edu- 
 cation. The alumni arranged for the preparation of a histor- 
 ical pageant, the book to be written by Professor George P. 
 Baker of Harvard University, who was likewise pageant mas- 
 ter. An alumni register containing the names also of non- 
 graduates was prepared with infinite labor by Professor Ross. 
 
 The centennial year was marked by a disastrous tire, the 
 second ever to visit the Hill. Alden Hall was ruined by the 
 flames January 15, 1015. Falling at a time when all thought 
 was fixed on the coming jubilee, the first sensation was one 
 of deep discouragement. But out of the sudden loss came a 
 vast gain. President Crawford and the Trustees had their 
 ambitious plans promptly supported by that excellent friend 
 of many previous occasions, Mr. Andrew Carnegie. He agreed 
 to give forty thousand dollars for a Hall of Chemistry pro 
 vided twenty thousand was added for its maintenance. The 
 Board met the conditions and appointed ten thousand more 
 to the furnishing. 
 
 The Carnegie Hall of Chemistry is a fire proof structure, 
 two stories in height, placed south of the Observatory and 
 facing Main street. It is 120 by GO feet, and when entered 
 in October will be a model plant in convenience and equip- 
 ment for the science. Out of the ruined walls of Alden arose 
 a new and enlarged building, the Alden Hall of Biology and 
 Geology. The structure is lengthened to 120 feet, and with 
 its tile roof has become a highly ornamental addition to the 
 campus. Thus out of the destruction of a winter's day came 
 two splendid buildings for the second century of Allegheny. 
 
 [ 254 a ]
 
 CIIAPTKK IX 
 
 THE LITERARY SOCIETIES 
 
 ALLEGHENY 
 LITERARY HALL. 
 
 YEAB before the patriotic event, Isaiah 
 Thomas, the president of the American 
 Antiquarian Society, wrote from Wor- 
 cester to his friend, Timothy Alden, 
 "Matters are in train for celebrating 
 the second grand centenary of the landing of the 
 Pilgrims at Plymouth. By our application to 
 the gentlemen of that place, we have just re- 
 ceived intelligence that they have formed a 'Pil- 
 grim Society.'" Following this hint, there was 
 founded in Allegheny College, on .July 1th, 1820, 
 the Beth Gimel Lamed Society, or the "Sons of 
 the Pilgrims of Leyden," a secret organization. Its first offi- 
 cers were: T. J. Fox Alden, president; Oliver Alden Taylor, 
 vice-president; David Derickson, secretary, and A. M. White, 
 treasurer. 
 
 Its first great function was the appropriate bicentenary 
 exercises of Dec. 22, 1820. The President of the College and 
 the Board of Trustees with the citizens generally took a lively 
 interest in the occasion. The program was given on Friday 
 evening in the new brick church. The Alleghany College 
 Handel Band furnished the music. There were several ora- 
 tions, and an ode for the occasion, written by Oliver Taylor, 
 and snug to the tune of (ranges. Taylor also recited an original 
 poem of twelve stanzas entitled the Pilyrintft of Leyden. The 
 opening and closing verses were: 
 
 With joy to celebrate the day 
 When our forefathers' grateful lay 
 From Plymouth's Bock first rose 1 . 
 In songs of praise, let all aspire 
 And glowing with celestial fire 
 God's altar round enclose. 
 [ 255 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 (). day of darkness, doubt and fears. 
 When round that rock the scalding tears. 
 First fell in grateful prayer; 
 The Indian, famine, winter's cold. 
 Disease and other woes untold ; 
 Yet God they felt was there! 
 
 And he was there, old Israel's Sire, 
 The shining cloud, the train of tire, 
 The manna and the rod; 
 Today, from tyrants disenslaved 
 We live, because above them waved. 
 The banner of their God. 
 
 The Crawford Messenger recorded, that "the young gentle 
 men gave vent to various patriotick reflections and fervent 
 aspirations for the increasing glory, honor and happiness of 
 the western world, under the benign influence of literature, 
 science, morality and religion, fostered by the best form of 
 government upon earth, a land to be made to bud and blossom 
 as the rose." 
 
 The Hebrew named society observed regularly the Decem- 
 ber anniversary and also the Fourth of duly. The alumni of 
 the college maintained an active membership, and Timothy 
 Alden was the loyal patron of the order. Honorary members 
 were elected from the benefactors of the college. The badge of 
 the society was a blue ribbon with a rose, to be worn on all 
 public occasions. The records of Beth Gimel Lamed were 
 kept in a handsomely bound volume, where there is faithful 
 entry of the exercises, officials and memoirs of departed 
 members. 
 
 No early college foundation in America was complete until 
 literary societies had been formed. They were a legacy of the 
 Revolutionary period. The students loved to debate on 
 political themes. In mosi of the institutions, there were just 
 two rival societies as Cliosophic and Whig Hall at Princeton. 
 
 These organizations supplied for many decades an extra- 
 curricular activity, that was more engrossing than any con 
 
 [ 2r,fi i
 
 HISTORY OP ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 ceivable student interest of today. The testimony is convinc- 
 ing, that the literary societies were potent aids to the colleges 
 in discipline, in the training of students, and the development 
 of forceful personality. 
 
 The original society of Allegheny was all sufficient for a 
 small college enrollment. The organization did not go entirely 
 out of existence, even when the institution was closed. Its 
 alumni and traditions survived, and the next month after the 
 reopening under Methodist patronage, in 1833, the "Sons of 
 the Pilgrims of Leyden" was revived and reorganized with a 
 new constitution, Dec. 27, 1833, under the name of the Alle- 
 gheny Literary Society. William Reynolds, '37, who had been 
 a member under the old order, was re-elected to its successor. 
 The list of the charter members has been lost, though exten- 
 sive records of the Society, tilling several huge tomes, still 
 remain. From the early minutes are gleaned the names of 
 Davis, Ellis, McMichael, Morrison, Ruter, Shippen, and Van 
 Horn. 
 
 With the growth of the student body that first year, there 
 came material for a rival organization. In the middle of 
 March, 1834, the Philo-Franklin Society made its appearance. 
 For seventy years these two names of Allegheny and Philo- 
 Franklin were the watch-words to enlist the energies and shape 
 the lives of the young men on the Hill. Having similar gov- 
 erning rules, numbering fairly equal enrollments, they worked 
 together or rather, they did not! "to promote Literature, 
 Friendship, and Morality." Never was responsibility more 
 sanguinely assumed nor more earnestly borne. Life was a 
 fearfully serious matter to those purposeful youths, ami the 
 discipline by which they were governed was none the less stern 
 because self-imposed. The older members were so tremend- 
 ously in earnest. And as for the younger ones, their buoyant 
 spirits were held in check by a vigorously graded system of 
 punishments, and still more, possibly, by ardent emulation of 
 their seniors. 
 
 The Societies met each week in the college edifice in a room 
 assigned by the Faculty, the Alleghenians on Friday at five 
 o'clock, the Philos on Monday evening at seven-thirty. Later 
 
 [ 257 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 in the first year, each met Friday evening. The suitable time 
 was a matter of sixty years' experimentation. It included 
 eight in the morning, after chapel, three in the afternoon and 
 all Saturday. Yes, the sessions were long. Programs of three 
 hours were common. 
 
 The minutes of Allegheny, Jan. 17, 1834, record that 
 Holmes asked optional attendance from a quarter before nine. 
 And the session began at five! No wonder the society used 
 eight pounds of candles in the first three months. Naturally 
 the lads of tender years incurred frequent fines for restless- 
 ness. William Reynolds, the youthful veteran of Beth Gimel 
 Lamed, drew the penalty four times in one evening. Yet 
 recesses were rare, only one being named in ten years, and ad- 
 journments were precious indeed. The stern chroniclers note 
 three: "As tribute of respect to Win. H. Harrison (April !>, 
 1841), to attend a lecture, and because of a fire in the village." 
 
 MEMBERSHIP. 
 
 Membership in either society was open to any student of 
 Allegheny College in regular attendance for at least three 
 weeks, and not already a member of any society. Neglect of 
 study, immoral conduct, or expulsion from the college dis- 
 qualified for membership. The student was admitted upon 
 personal written application, signed by some member of the 
 society, by whom also the application was handed to the secre- 
 tary. Except in rare cases, the request was not voted upon for 
 three weeks, and a two-thirds vote was necessary to elect. 
 Expulsion was very infrequent, there being only two or three 
 cases in ten years. The following are typical requests: 
 
 Jan. 3, 1834. 
 To the Allegheny Literary Society: 
 
 Being fully aware of the advantages ; of literary societies generally, 
 and anticipating more particularly the benefits of your institution, I 
 would most respectfully solicit membership. 
 
 Leotes L. Holmes. 
 (Signed) William H. Davis. 
 
 [ 258 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 May 19, 1837. 
 To the A. L. S. 
 Gentlemen: 
 
 After having become moderately versed as to the advantages de- 
 rived from associating with one of the literary societies of this institu- 
 tion; and attempted, by way of experiment, to accomplish, destitute of 
 those advantages, the grand object which, it is possible, we all have in 
 view, I am more than ever convinced of their eminent utility in pre- 
 paring a student to leave his Alma Mater with the acquirements most 
 calculated to make him useful in the world. 
 
 And, considering that 1 am, at present, under no obligation to any 
 particular body; and that, of the two societies, in yours are offered the 
 greater facilities for the acquisition of knowledge, I hereby respectfully 
 solicit membership, 
 
 Being, 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 Yours, &c, 
 
 Jabez A. Burton. 
 Samuel Griffiths. 
 
 Members leaving the societies were given letters of honor- 
 able dismissal. The Allegheny letter was a Latin document, 
 ''printed in a neat and correct manner, and on paper of the 
 best quality", and served as a diploma for graduating members 
 as well, by whom it was as highly prized, almost, as the 
 diploma of the college itself. 
 
 In the case of both societies, a constitutional clause pro- 
 vided that "literary gentlemen may be honorary members". 
 And, as only the faculty might be on the honorary rolls of 
 both societies, there inevitably sprang up a spirited competi- 
 tion in the addition of illustrious members, until '"literary" 
 would hardly be ascribed as the essential qualification. Each 
 society was constantly and jealously demanding inspection of 
 the other's list of members. 
 
 Among those whom the Alleghenians deigned to honor 
 were : 
 
 G. W. Lafayette of France Dr. Wilbur Fisk 
 
 Senator T. H. Benton Rev. Matthew Simpson 
 
 Judge Baldwin of U. S. Court Rev. F. A. Dighton 
 
 Bishop R. R. Roberts Hon. Israel Poindexter of La. 
 
 [ 250 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 John Quincy Adams Abraham Lincoln, Oct., 1860 
 
 J. Fenimore Cooper General G. G. Meade 
 
 Thaddeus Stevens Speaker Schuyler Colfax 
 
 Henry A. Wise of Virginia Prince Bismarck, 1873 
 
 The Philos, not to be outdone, included such men as : 
 
 H. R. H. Prince Albert, 1810 Washington Irving 
 
 Hon. E. Everett, LL. D. Hon. Daniel Webster 
 
 Hon. Horace Mann Hon. Sam. Houston 
 
 Hon. H. AY. Longfellow Horace Greeley 
 
 Hon. James Buchanan, LL. D. Gen. U. S. Grant 
 
 Hon. M. Van Buren Gen. Fitz Greene Halleck 
 
 Governor Vance Dr. A. B. Hyde 
 
 Having elected a literary gentleman, the society sent him a 
 polite and ceremonious note, informing him of the honor, 
 whereupon the literary gentleman politely accepted his elec- 
 tion. Fancy the elation upon receiving, as the society did, a 
 letter from Bismarck or from Abraham Lincoln! 
 
 Now, honorary membership was in those days no piece of 
 empty verbiage. The "literary gentleman", who accepted his 
 election, was expected to maintain a lively interest in the So- 
 ciety; to deliver a Commencement address if called upon; and 
 to assist with substantial donations the Society with which he 
 was united. Thus, Judge Baldwin was the "Anniversary 
 Orator" at the 1840 Commencement; and it was not through 
 unwillingness on his part, that the Hon. James Buchanan did 
 not perforin a similar service in 1836. The Philos, among 
 their many interesting papers, pointed with much pleasure, to 
 the following laconic lines of courtesy: 
 
 January, 1837. 
 
 Gentlemen: Please to accept of the enclosed, as a small 
 contribution cheerfully made, in aid of the object stated in 
 your letter. By your friend and well wisher, 
 
 810.00. M. Van Buren. 
 
 [ 260 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 THE OFFICERS. 
 
 The officers were the usual president or speaker, vice-presi- 
 dent, and secretary or clerk, the vice-president acting also as 
 treasurer; they were elected for six weeks, during which time 
 they must have seemed, to the reverent freshman, all-exalted 
 and all-powerful. There was the president, always in his 
 chair a cushioned seat, elevated above the common floor; 
 he saw that each meeting was opened and closed with prayer; 
 
 President Ruter Painter! for the Societies. 
 
 he preserved order; he directed the other officers and the 
 members in the performance of their duties; he gave leave of 
 temporary absence; he required excuses for absence or non- 
 performance; he punished disorderly conduct, presided at 
 trials, pronounced sentence, and gave the casting vote, and 
 rejected motions when he considered them out of order. 
 
 [ 201 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Of course the novitiates stood in awe of him ! And, then so 
 learned! For he read a composition on the evening of taking 
 the chair a stiff, pompous, dull, learned composition, and 
 delivered an original oration upon leaving office. 
 
 The vice-presidency and secretaryship were only less impor- 
 tant; and not a few members went through the whole cursus 
 honorum. Jonathan Hanmett, of the A. L. S., was vice-presi- 
 dent July-August, 1835, and secretary May-June, 183G. Wil- 
 liam Reynolds was vice-president in January, 1837 ; B. B. 
 Pickett, in 1815; and C. A. Derickson in February, 1811, and 
 president in June. Calvin Kingsley presided over the Philos 
 in February-March, 1839; Christopher Heydrick, in June, 
 1852; and P. M. McFarland in February, 1853. Harvey Hen- 
 derson was Philo secretary in 1856; James H. Montgomery in 
 1873 ; and John F. Eberhart was secretary in March, 1852, vice- 
 president the following October, and president in the January- 
 February term of 1853. 
 
 Some of the leaders at the middle period of the century of 
 the college were as follows from the Allegheny Literary So- 
 ciety: James M. Thoburn, '57; Henry Mansell, '50; J. W. 
 Smith, '60; David T. McKay, '62; Reuben C. Frey, '62; Newton 
 L. Chalker, '66 ; George W. Delamater, '60 ; N. H. Holmes, '70 ; 
 John O. McClintock, '72; Camden M. Cobern, '76; Wayne 
 Whipple, '77; Lewis Walker, '77; Andrew C. Ellis, '78; Charles 
 B. Mitchell, '70; Arthur L. Bates, '80. 
 
 From the Philo-Franklin Literary Society were: .lames H. 
 Messmore. '50; George Norris, '61; .1. J. Henderson, '62; Frank 
 A. Alter, '61; J. P. Colter, '68; M. C. Harris, '73; Lewis Laud- 
 erbaugh, '76; W I\ Eckles, '76; W. J. Armstrong, '81. 
 
 It is to be noted, that the vice-president served also as 
 treasurer, the constitution requiring him to make a written 
 report at the close of his term of office. These reports throw 
 some light on the financial situation, as well as being an index 
 of the life in the societies. 
 
 Received as initiation fee from Taylor the sum of S 1.00 
 
 do from Chadwick 1st, for letter of dismissal .25 
 
 Fine from Shippen .18-H 
 
 [ 262 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Received from Galbraith for badge .25 
 
 Receipts from Subscriptions [1836-37] 345.23 
 
 Contra. 
 
 Paid Mason for ringing the bell $ 1.56^4 
 
 Expenses for Contest (March, 1835) 7.50 
 
 For work in Society Room, and painting chairs (1837) 312.25 
 
 For Encyclopedia 95.00 
 
 The largest single item of expense was for the $1500 piano 
 purchased by the Allegheny Hall in the eighties. Next in mag- 
 nitude were the sums spent for furnishings, redecorating and 
 repairing the Halls, while there was a commendable large out- 
 lay for books. 
 
 Some of the formal reports are worth quoting. J. I). Herd, 
 in July, 1834, warned his comrades: 
 
 "But there are some few of the members that appear quite too indif- 
 ferent about the interests of the Society, so much so, that it is with 
 reluctance that they attend at all. There is much to be done if we would 
 expect, at the coming Contest, with Philo-Franklin in September, to 
 receive either honor or applause, as the enemy (if I may be allowed 
 the expression) with which we have to contend, is probably more for- 
 midable than we are aware of. Let us therefore take fresh courage, 
 march boldly up the hill of Science, and as it were take by storm the 
 goodly land of literature." 
 
 From the report of Jonathan Hamnett, Freshman, August 
 21, 1835: 
 
 "It will be gratifying to the members of the Society, on the presen- 
 tation of this report, to learn the increase of our Treasury, and the 
 principal cause leading thereto. Our Treasury has been replenished 
 considerably by the initiation fees of gentlemen, whose names will add 
 honor to our institution. Yet it is to be regretted that there are still 
 considerable moneys raised in a manner, [does he mean by fines?] not 
 at all desired by the Society; but which, we are proud to say, in our 
 opinion /is caused more by accident than design. The time has arrived 
 when we may safely make an appropriation to our Library." 
 
 From the report of William Reynolds, February 10, 1837: 
 
 "The balance in the treasury is $21.75. The number of regular 
 members is forty-one. The Society is at present in a very flourishing 
 condition, more so perhaps than at any former period. The members 
 seem to take a great interest in her welfare, and devote much attention 
 
 [ 263 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 to the preparation of their performances, which is an infallible test of 
 the prosperity of the Society. Every member seems desirous for her 
 to excel the other Society in every laudable undertaking of a literary 
 cast, as well as in external appearances. Thus far she has succeeded, 
 and without doubt will succeed in the coming contest, and obtain for 
 her reward the unfading laurel. She will soon enter her new Hall, and 
 will be superior to the other Society in situation as well as literary 
 attainments." 
 
 THE SECRETARY. 
 
 The secretary's literary style, as it appears in the minutes 
 of meetings, was less individual than that of the vice-president, 
 being cast in the parliamentary mold ; but the books he has 
 left are monuments of student devotion. Those minute-books 
 of the two societies, now in the possession of the college, num- 
 ber a dozen great, leather-bound volumes, whose massive pro- 
 portions have lent dignity to hundreds upon hundreds of those 
 student gatherings. Their yellowed pages unconsciously record 
 the courage and the faith, the persistence and the devotion, 
 the petty vexations ami The high achievements, of generations 
 of young men, each of whom contributed his little share and 
 then went on his way. But though that share was little, it 
 was his best that he gave. The secretary, therefore, employed 
 his most elegant vocabulary, and his choicest manner, and his 
 finest penmanship; and the result is to the enduring praise of 
 that official. 
 
 And yet. life was not wholly serious. Many and many a 
 secretary closed his office with a Latin sigh or a French fare- 
 well; there are amendments, sympathetic or scornful, in other 
 hands and fresher ink; there is even a faded flower or two, 
 pressed long years ago. II. W. Bancroft, secretary in 1856, 
 addressed thus the massive volume he has handled for six 
 weeks: 
 
 O inimane. Liber, pondus. 
 
 Te relinquo nun invitus; 
 
 Tamen vere cum labore 
 
 Et delector cum honore. 
 
 In addition to the major officers, there was a number of 
 lesser functionaries: ;i roomkeeper, generally chosen from vol- 
 
 [ 204 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 unteers, who received for his services a remuneration of five 
 dollars per session, but was discontent; a bell-ringer, who after 
 the first year served both societies and was paid by them 
 jointly; and two reviewers, who in the Allegheny Society 
 served alternately as librarians. These reviewers, like the 
 major officers, were elected for a term of six weeks. Their 
 duties were intensely practical: "To review all compositions 
 read in society; to make all necessary corrections in ortho- 
 graphy, style, and sentiment; and to make such publick re- 
 marks on them as may be considered useful, at the next regular 
 meeting after the one at which they were read." But these 
 compositions were the smallest part of the weekly perform- 
 ances. There were declamations, original orations, and the 
 debates, which latter grew to be the main and characteristic 
 feature of the societies. 
 
 REGULAR PERFORM AXCES. 
 
 The members were at first alphabetically arranged in equal 
 divisions, two in the Allegheny Society, three in the 1'hilo- 
 Franklin. These divisions alternated in presenting the even- 
 ing performances; and the "classes" into which each division 
 was subdivided performed by turns the sections of the regular 
 program. Thus every student appeared on the rostrum every 
 two or three weeks, and in six weeks had participated in every 
 sort of society performance, with the possible exception of 
 oratory. There was strong inter-class competition, which nat- 
 urally had a wholesome influence on the quality of the work 
 produced, and which seems never to have been accompanied by 
 those unfortunate bickerings attendant upon the inter-society 
 rivalries. 
 
 It will be interesting to look in upon the performance of an 
 entire evening. It was the eleventh of August, 1837, and the 
 Alleghenians had assembled for their one hundred and fortieth 
 regular meeting. The conscientious secretary sat gravely tak- 
 ing notes : 
 
 "Society convened. Absent at first calling of the roll, none. Ab- 
 sent, whole meeting, Jackson, Ltech, Shippen, Swartz, Avery. Barris, 
 Galbraith, Bierer. 
 
 [ 2G5 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 "Absentees of last meeting present then were excused. Perform- 
 ance of the first division. Second class declaimed, except Bryson, Bur- 
 ton, Chadwick. Canfield, best performer. Third class read composi* 
 tion, except Eldred, Galbraith, Gillespie. Gist, best performer. 
 
 "Third class debated the question left on the minutes, and dis- 
 charged their duties, except Bierer, who was absent, and Boreman, who 
 was fined \2 l / 2 cts. for non-performance. Bryson volunteered on the 
 negative. The question was decided in the negative, both in regard to 
 argument and merit. Bassell, best performer. 
 
 "The report of the committee appointed to collect monies for the 
 payment of portraits [of Dr. Alden and Dr. Ruter, painted for the ex- 
 press use of the Society] was then read, which stated that the amount 
 received was forty-two dollars and thirty-seven and a half cents. They 
 also suggested the following resolution which was adopted: That the 
 sum of two dollars and sixty-two and a half cents be appropriated from 
 funds in the hands of the treasurer, to complete the amount due Dela- 
 main, of Philadelphia, for portraits. 
 
 "A communication was received from the Philo-Franklin Society, 
 being a resolution passed by that body, condemning in no very courte- 
 ous terms certain language in a communication sent to them from our 
 Society. It was laid aside, being considered unworthy of action. 
 
 "A letter was received, purporting to be from Mr. B. Davenport to 
 Mr. Uncles, requesting him to procure the erection of a set of tomb- 
 stones over the grave of Mr. Archibald McElroy, and stating he would 
 be responsible for the expenses; accompanied by a note from Mr. 
 Uncles offering our Society the privilege of complying with the request 
 in their collective capacity. Whereupon, tt was resolved, that a com- 
 mittee of three, consisting of Bryson, Pierpoint, and Burton, be ap- 
 pointed to attend to the matter and comply with said request. 
 
 "Fines. MacAlmot was fined 6 1 /4 cts. for being out of the room 
 over ten minutes. Boreman was fined 12^ cts. for non-performance. 
 
 "Next performance of the first division: first class shall declaim, 
 second class read composition, third debate the following question: 
 'Does an extensive cultivation of the arts and sciences tend to render 
 government permanent?' Affirm, Eldred, Glonnagher; deny, Gist, Gal- 
 braith. 
 
 "Orators four weeks hence: Burton, Lewis and Jabez, and Bryson. 
 
 "F. B. Eldred, Secretary, 
 "F. H. Pierpoint, President. 
 "F. J. Chadwick, Vice-President." 
 "Bryson and Burton, Reviewers." 
 
 A PHILO-FRANKLIN MEETING. 
 
 "Allegheny College, Febry. 12th, 1841. 
 "265th Regular Meeting. 
 "Society convened 
 "Absent at the first calling of the roll, Clapp, Covert, Donally, 
 
 [ 260 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Davis, Finney, Himebaugh, Kingsley, Miller, and Robins. Whole meet- 
 ing, Clapp, .Covert, Donally, Himebaugh, Miller, Robins. At the last 
 calling of the roll, Finney and Rice One of the debaters being absent 
 on the affirmative, Mr. Allen was appointed in his place. The members 
 present performed their respective exercises, except Mr. Finney, who 
 was excused- The question discussed was decided in the negative as 
 regards the merits of the arguments, but in the affirmative as regards 
 the question. 
 
 "The following resolution having been before the Society the con- 
 stitutional time, was adopted, viz., Resolved, That the third article in 
 the fifth section of the constitution be amended to read thus: The Vice- 
 President shall keep a correct account of all monies received and dis- 
 bursed by him, which he shall transmit, together with the surplus 
 funds, and an account of all dues to the Society, to his successor in 
 office. Signed, Woodruff, Hawkins, and Kingsley. 
 
 "The election came on this evening, and resulted in the choice of 
 the following members: president, Baird; vice-pres., Mack; secretary, 
 Elder; reviewers, Kingsley and Brown; public debaters, Rice and Miller; 
 orators, Cooke and Scudder; composers, Harris and Green; declaimers, 
 Shippen and Arter. 
 
 "On motion of Mr. Finney, Messrs. McGill, Cooke, and Shippen 
 were appointed a committee to distribute the order of exercises on 
 the evening of the spring performance. On motion of Mr. Hawkins, 
 the committee to procure badges was authorized to draw money from 
 the Treasurer to defray the expense. On motion of Mr. Hawkins, Mr. 
 John Crouch was elected honorary member of this Society. On motion 
 of Mr. Rice, Mr. R. P. Marvin was elected as our next anniversary 
 orator [in September]. On motion of Mr. Kingsley, a committee was 
 appointed to inform Mr. Marvin of his election as anniversary orator, 
 whereupon Messrs. Rice and Kingsley were appointed. 
 
 "Mr. Avery was fined 6% cts. for disorderly conduct. Mr. Finney 
 was fined 6% cts. for crossing the floor during the performance. 
 
 "On motion of Mr. Beals, His Royal Highness Prince Albert was 
 elected an honorary member of this Society. On motion of Youngs, a 
 committee of three was appointed to inform him of his election. Where- 
 upon Messrs. Beals, Finney, and Kingsley were appointed. On motion 
 of Mr. Finney, the books which were presented to the society by Mr. 
 Green were received, and a vote of thanks tendered to him for his 
 benevolence. On motion of Mr. Finney, it was voted that the Saegers 
 Town Band be procured to play at the spring performance. On mo- 
 tion of Mr. Brown, a committee of three was appointed to get the 
 reviews, and also Webster's Speeches, bound. Whereupon Allen, Baird, 
 and McGill were appointed. 
 
 "Performances 3 weeks hence: 1st class, declaim Finney, Haw- 
 kins, Harris, and Harmon. 3rd class, composition Martin, Morris, 
 
 [ 207 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Green, and Kerr. 2nd class, debate Affirmative, Mack and Miller; 
 Deny, Kingsley and Miller. Question Has Congress power to abolish 
 slavery in the District of Columbia? 
 "Orators Goe and Himebaugh. 
 "Society adjourned. 
 
 "C. W. Bailey, President, 
 "C. J. Miller, Secretary. 
 "N. B. Youngs, Sec. pro tern." 
 
 DEBATES. 
 
 Without doubt, the favorite forensic exercise of the societies 
 was debate. It is impossible to estimate to what degree the 
 bar, the pulpit, the press and every public calling of the pasr 
 century have been indebted to these intellectual combats into 
 which the young men so devotedly threw themselves. The sub- 
 ject of the debate mattered little; the Pierpoint, Kattelle, 
 Kingsley and Shippen of these early days, spared his logic and 
 his learning neither in proving that "poverty was favorable to 
 genius/' nor in demonstrating that "a congress of nations 
 would obviate the necessity of war." Many of the questions 
 throw light on the political history of the times. A few of 
 the many were : 
 
 Ought the free negroes of the United States to have equal 
 political privileges with the whites? (February 21, 1834. i 
 
 Would it be advantageous to the United States, to have the 
 Atlantic and Pacific Oceans connected by a canal for vessels of 
 every burthen, across the Isthmus of Darien? (February 13, 
 1835. i 
 
 Are railroads more beneficial to a community than canals? 
 
 Is slavery a greater evil than intemperance? 
 
 Would it be advantageous to the New York Indians to emi- 
 grate west of the Mississippi River? 
 
 Would it be policy for the United States to assist the Mexi- 
 cans in obtaining their freedom? (November 27. 1835.) 
 
 Would the Texans be justified in executing Santa Anna? 
 (August 5. 183G. i 
 
 Would it be policy for Pennsylvania to construct a canal 
 from Pittsburgh to Erie? 
 
 [ 208 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Would a dissolution of the Northern from the Southern 
 States be beneficial to both parties? 
 
 Would the United States, under existing circumstances, be 
 justified in declaring war against Mexico? (June 30, 1837.) 
 
 Would it be expedient for the United States to receive 
 Texas and Canada into the Union? (June 10, 1836.) 
 
 Should the capital of the United States be removed to the 
 valley of the Mississippi? 
 
 Does the present aspect of our country portend the disso- 
 lution of our government? (March, 1837.) 
 
 Should the United States government permit the use of 
 bloodhounds in the Florida war? (1840.) 
 
 Should Cuba be annexed to the United States? (1853.) 
 
 Other aspects of contemporaneous thought are also reflected 
 in the questions for debate. Again and again it was affirmed 
 that "in a collegiate course, a further prosecution of English 
 studies would be an advantageous substitute for Grecian and 
 Roman classics." It is a whimsical perversity, that this ques- 
 tion, and many another, was often decided in the negative. 
 Disciples of Locke opposed with vigor the proposition that 
 "man is possessed of innate ideas" ; sturdy young conservatives 
 contended that "labour-saving machines are productive of more 
 evil than good"; and the popular interest in phrenology at that 
 time may be guessed from the frequent occurrence of the ques- 
 tion : "Should phrenology be ranked among the useful sci- 
 ences?" to which was sometimes added, "and does it sustain 
 the principles of Christianity?" 
 
 On the other hand, there were questions which are the con- 
 ventional commonplace as, Were the Athenian judges justifia- 
 ble in condemning Socrates? 
 
 Was Socrates justified in remaining in prison when his 
 friends provided means of escape? 
 
 Is the civilized state more happy than the savage? 
 
 Is Nature more admired by mankind than Art? 
 
 Is the society of intelligent ladies beneficial to students? 
 
 Is it proper for a student, whilst pursuing his college 
 course, to make matrimonial engagements? 
 
 r 200 i
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Is a Democratic form of government more productive of 
 popular tumults than a Monarchial ? 
 
 Is a man excusable for telling a falsehood on any occasion? 
 
 It will be seen that not a few of the questions had a for- 
 ward look, and have been decided in the affirmative by Judge 
 History himself, though it took him forty years to answer the 
 question : "Would it be good policy to connect a female de- 
 partment with Allegheny College?" and in some cases he has 
 not even yet made a decision, "Should a system of manual 
 labour be connected with a course of education?" "Would a 
 congress of nations obviate the necessity of war?" "Should 
 property be equally divided in this country?" 
 
 FINES AND CITATIONS. 
 
 Each society punished its members on a variety of counts. 
 The Philos made suspension the penalty for neglect of college 
 duties, as well as for intra-society misdemeanors; and the offi- 
 cers were liable to impeachment. Fines also were imposed, but 
 never to the same extent as in the Allegheny society, whose 
 minute supervision of conduct may be guessed from the fines 
 recorded during the earlier years. Fines were a prolific source 
 of revenue; when not promptly paid, they were doubled; they 
 were surer than a quorum ; only once did the chronicler report, 
 "No Fines", and in doing it, used large capitals. 
 
 Did a member mark on the blackboard, or loll in his chair, 
 or lean his head against the wall, he was fined one tip (six and 
 a quarter cents). He was fined twenty-five cents if he came 
 late, or left without permission, or stayed away altogether. 
 He was fined for wearing boots in the Hall there were no 
 sidewalks, and the carpet was new; he was fined for carrying a 
 cane; he was fined for whispering during prayer. There were 
 fines for disrespect to officers, for crossing the room during 
 performance, for referring to manuscript, for employing a 
 prompter, for performing out of lime, for quoting Scripture in 
 debate. If one neglected to sign his ballot or his composition, 
 he was fined. If he kept a library book overtime, again, a fine. 
 
 Breach of Roberts' Rules of Order incurred a fine. Indeed, 
 so rigid was this parliamentary discipline, that one luckless 
 
 [ 270 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 youth, Pickett by name, having moved the repeal of his own 
 fine, incurred another for neglecting to provide the secretary 
 with a written copy of the motion. It is significant, however, 
 that in twenty years there were needed but two fines for using 
 tobacco, and one for profane language. Yet even fines some- 
 times failed. The Alleghenians then had recourse to a set 
 trial, the vice-president issuing a citation, or summons; if the 
 culprit failed to appear, or lost his case, he was indefinitely 
 suspended. 
 
 One member was cited to trial for speaking contemptuously 
 of fines, and of boasting that he would not pay them ; another, 
 for "destroying some articles of apparel" belonging to a brother 
 member; another, for being out of town when expected to de- 
 liver an oration ; and another, for "creating a nuisance" over 
 the hall of the sister society. Of course, a member could anti- 
 cipate citation by writing a note of explanation, or by request- 
 ing an excuse for absence. 
 
 BEFORE THE MEADVILLE PUBLIC. 
 
 Now all censures, trials, and the like, were kept secret ; and 
 spectators were rarely admitted to the regular meetings. But 
 once or twice a year were held sessions open to the public, ses 
 sions to which the ladies also were invited. The first of these 
 public performances was given by the Allegheny society on 
 Thursday, March 26, 1834, in the court house, whither the 
 students marched in solemn procession. There was no orator, 
 but the constitution provided for two debaters, one composer, 
 and one declaimer, all to be elected from the society at large, 
 and, upon election, to be exempt from further duties for the 
 session. As an additional assurance of excellent work, the 
 public performers were required to rehearse "at least twice in 
 society, before performing in publick." The Alleghenians 
 never gave, under the constitution, a similar exhibition, for iu 
 another year, their solitary performance had given place to the 
 famous Spring Contests with the Philos, of which the last was 
 conducted in 1905. Here were music, and gay colors, and 
 feasting and ceremony and society spirit, to their hearts' con- 
 tent. The "Select Performances", which each society held on 
 
 [ 271 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 the Hill, every six weeks throughout the Summer Session, 
 never gave half the satisfaction, though the exercises were as 
 good, and though the "ladies of the village" were sometimes 
 present. 
 
 The close of the Summer Session witnessed the valedictory 
 addresses, delivered at the last meeting of each society, by one 
 of its graduating students McMiehael in 1835; (list 1st in 
 
 President Clark. Painted for the Societies. 
 
 1836; McMasters (I\ I<\) and William Reynolds (A. L. S.) in 
 1837; (list 2nd in 1838; Bassel in 1840; Davis in 1841. At 
 this time came the Anniversary Oration, or commencement 
 address, which was made by a speaken chosen alternately from 
 the honorary members of the two societies. Allegheny chose 
 the anniversary orator for September 20, 1834 Mr. N. R. 
 Smith, editor- of the Visitor, of Pittsburgh, Judge Shaler, of 
 Pittsburgh, spoke in 183(5 and 1X37. Then followed the Rev. 
 
 [ 272 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Nathaniel West, of Meadville, Judge Baldwin, the Rev. R. P. 
 Marvin, the Rev. J. Boyle, of Pittsburgh, and others. 
 
 These anniversary exercises, like numerous other perform- 
 ances, were held in the Court House, the Presbyterian and the 
 Methodist Churches, the Stone Church, the college chapel, or 
 whatever other hall was available; and for years, the students 
 brought to the hall carpets, chandeliers, settees, and even pic- 
 tures, from their society halls. 
 
 THE LIBRARIES. 
 
 Each society usually secured a copy of its orator's address, 
 for printing and distribution^ and, of course, for enriching 
 its library. These libraries were almost as old as the societies 
 themselves. 
 
 The Allegheny minute book notes under date of February, 
 1835, that "Mr. Davis [a reviewer] delivered to society all so- 
 ciety books in his possession, viz: The works of Josephus, 2 
 vol. ; Washington's Letters, 2 vol. ; and Ferguson's Astronomy." 
 A little later comes the mention of "Truth Displayed." "Beli- 
 sarius," and "Tales of a Grandfather," gifts all. By May, 1835, 
 it had become necessary to "draft a code of laws governing 
 our library." This code provided that the books be completely 
 catalogued, and that each volume contain the book-plate: 
 
 Proprietas Allegheniensis Societatis Literarise. 
 Inter Sylvas Academi quaerere verum. 
 
 Books might be drawn out by members, only during the 
 hour preceding regular meetings, one at a time, and for a 
 limited period. Resident students, and some of the ladies of 
 the community, were granted library privileges during vaca- 
 tion. The reviewers, who acted alternately as librarians, and 
 got the periodicals and other society mail, had complete con- 
 trol and responsibility. The libraries increased rapidly, not 
 only through donations, though the Philoes were greatly in- 
 debted to H. J. Huidekoper, the Rev. H. J. Clark, and Prof. 
 John Barker, but also through student contributions and 
 library funds. 
 
 Every Alleghenian, after 1837, brought his society one new 
 
 [ 273 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 book each semester, while the Philoes levied an annual library 
 tax of fifty cents. R. C. Meade, who died while an undergradu- 
 ate, in 1858, left his society all his religious books. Perhaps 
 the greatest source was the library fund, which depended 
 largely upon student and town subscriptions. The Allegheny 
 students themselves pledged 827.*) in 1855 ; they had about 1)0 
 volumes in 1836; 563 in 1812; and 972 in 1886. The number 
 probably never exceeded this : many books were lost, and not a 
 little of the money raised was used for binding periodicals. in 
 numbers of which the societies each jealously tried to excel 
 the other. 
 
 Content at first with "'The Saturday Evening Yisitor" 
 [1834], "Blackwood's Magazine'', and the "Knickerbocker", 
 the number of periodicals subscribed for was much increased. 
 Philo-Franklin, in 1817, got the Methodist, Whig, and Demo- 
 cratic Reviews. Allegheny took the same in 1818, and added 
 the American Review. Both societies had the following re- 
 views for awhile: ''London Quarterly", "North British," 
 "Edinburgh", and "Westminster". Besides these, they wrote 
 to congressmen "to procure any important documents which 
 they may think proper to favour this society with". [1810.] 
 
 The books themselves were political, historical, religious, 
 philosophical, and pseudo-philosophical; and the library in its 
 later days contained a great deal of contemporaneous fiction 
 and poetry in spite of the warnings of the fathers. The 
 Alleghenians. in 1810, formally resolved that no novel or ro- 
 mance be received into the library; and says Hurford, in '12: 
 "Our library contains a large number of volumes written under 
 a fictitious title. Truly these do not accord with the views of 
 the Publiek in reference to what should compose our library, 
 or what might be expected, taking into consideration our 
 standing as a literary society." Yet Goldsmith and Byron 
 were always being drawn out; Burns had to be rebound in 
 1845; and ''Enoch Arden" was secured as soon as it was pub- 
 lished. But Dickens and Scott and Bret Harte and their 
 friends, though thoroughly at home on the society bookshelves, 
 were insignificant among the greater numbers of non-frivolous 
 worthies Plutarch. Locke, Milton. Webster, Bancroft, Agassiz. 
 
 [ 274 |
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 The libraries bore witness likewise to the students' efforts 
 in college publications. The Philoes, in December, 183G, estab- 
 lished a fortnightly periodical, ''The Philo-Franklin Literary 
 Repository"; and the Alleghenians, three months later, started 
 a similar paper, "devoted to Morality, Literature, and Science; 
 composed of at least two-thirds original matter; printed on 
 good paper.'' The best contributions to Philo-Franklin had 
 public recognition, appearing during 1837 in the columns of 
 the Crawford Democrat. The Literary Union of Meadville, 
 in 1852, offered to help the societies jointly in the establish- 
 ment of a paper, but the attempt was not made. 
 
 THE SOCIETY HALLS. 
 
 Having a library, the societies naturally wished for a 
 suitable room. As early as May, 1834, Allegheny petitioned 
 the Trustees for the use of a room; in June, 1830, they sent a 
 plea to the Faculty ; and on the twenty-first of September, the 
 two societies drew lots for the rooms on the third floor of 
 Bentley Hall. As the result, Allegheny obtained the west, and 
 Philo-Franklin, the east room of the "college edifice." They 
 fell to work at once to furnish their rooms. The corridor be- 
 tween was common property, to be jointly carpeted and lighted. 
 In five days, the senior society had raised nearly $200, and 
 was soliciting from town friends besides. In the arranging 
 of the room, the students consulted their maturer well-wishers. 
 
 The central pillar was removed from the room ; the officers' 
 stage was erected, at the north end in Allegheny Hall, at the 
 south end in Philo Hall, approached by steps, and provided 
 with suitable seats and desks. The Alleghenians provided 
 their platform with railings at the sides, and with lamp-pillars 
 at the ends, which pillars, in 1851, were discarded for marble 
 pedestals. Opposite this platform was a lower one. for the 
 debating class. The room was provided with eight large 
 settees, and a number of chairs; with wood-boxes at each fire- 
 place (these as late as 1804. though coal stoves were set up in 
 1838; gas was used after the '70V) and curtains at the win- 
 dows. The library at first occupied the space between one 
 fireplace and the north wall ; eventually its shelves covered the 
 
 [ 275 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 long outer wall ; and the pamphlets and periodicals had a table 
 of their own. 
 
 From the center of the ceiling hung a splendid chandelier, 
 operated by pulleys. Only the room-keeper might touch this, 
 for it was expensive. Let perchance one society have a finer 
 chandelier than the other, at once, the resolution by the out- 
 shone society to get a costlier one from Philadelphia, with 
 eight globes the rival's had only six. The outgrown stoves, 
 book-cases, rugs, and the like, were either sold, or donated to 
 Sundav Schools in the neighborhood. 
 
 Allegheny Hall, 1886. 
 
 The rooms were further provided with maps, encyclopedias, 
 pictures, and various sorts of ornaments. Allegheny had, for 
 the adornment of its walls, pictures painted of Presidents 
 Clark and Barker, and of Professor Hamnett; and they 
 received from Mr. Hamilton, of Meadville, a portrait of 
 Timothy Alden [1840]. The Philoes possessed portraits of Dr. 
 Kilter and Professor Kingsley, an alumnus. There were also 
 photograph albums to contain the daguerrotypes of the gradu- 
 ating members, who in turn bore forever in their fondest mem- 
 ories the dear old halls. 
 
 [ 27fi 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Then' was one more important thing about the room, the 
 carpet. It was the most expensive, and the most difficult to 
 get, since, before the day of the railroad, it had to be brought 
 painfully from Pittsburgh or Philadelphia. The Philoes paid 
 8125 for their second one, while the Allegheny, in 1837, paid 
 nearly |200 for theirs. It was Brussels, they say, and came up 
 from Pittsburgh by canal-boat, while the rest of its journey, 
 up the long hill, was made by sled, drawn by William Rey- 
 nolds, '37, and Jonathan Hamnett, '39, who for three score 
 vears and ten loved to recall how that heavy carpet would 
 slip off on the snow. 
 
 As a protection to their carpets, the societies in 1837 for- 
 bade the use of tobacco and the wearing of heeled shoes in the 
 hall; nor might anyone but the roomkeeper enter between 
 meetings. For forty years, every student had to remember his 
 pumps or slippers on Saturday morning or Friday evening or 
 whenever society met. They well appreciated the need of 
 carefulness, for they were their own housemaids. They washed 
 windows ami hung curtains; they painted the chairs and 
 blacked the stoves; they moved the stoves out in May and set 
 them up in October. When they gave a public performance 
 down-town, they cleaned chandelier and carpet and carried 
 them to the hall in question. And when they would mourn 
 for a brother with whom they had worked, they hung all the 
 hall in black. It was often black in the Sixties. Yet they 
 remembered, too, how one of those brothers, L. A. Trace, Philo, 
 speaking the thought of all, had said: "I am going to fight 
 for my country: I shall never disgrace you." 
 
 RADGES. 
 
 Even the society badge, in those days, was covered with a 
 bit of crepe the Philoes' star of blue ribbon, with it [later 
 removed] smaller star of white, and rosette of blue, pink, and 
 white, and the blue ribbon and blue-and-white rose of the Alle- 
 ghenians, which they wore "on all publick occasions", upon the 
 left side. These "publick occasions" included commencement 
 exercises and the attendant valedictories, select performances 
 of society, prize contests and inter-society contests, dramatic 
 
 [ -'77 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 performances, and attendance upon lectures arranged for by 
 The societies. Thus, the Allegheny brought Horace Greeley to 
 Meadville in February. 1861, and John G. Saxe in March; and 
 Governor Curtin visited them in 18(33. 
 
 Prize contests came into vogue in the societies, just before 
 the war. The donors were largely the students themselves. 
 With the passing years, the gifts were not always maintained. 
 Some foundations were quite temporary, but other tarnished 
 the famed and much sought laurels for decades. 
 
 ALLEGHENY PRIZES. 
 
 Hazeltine Prize, founded June, 1855, by Gilbert W. Hazel- 
 tine, M. 1).. an alumnus, for the best essay. Silver medal, 
 awarded J. YY Pickett, 1855; silver goblet awarded F. A. 
 Jones, 1850. 
 
 Jones Prize [changed, in May, '61, to Allegheny Prize], 
 founded June, 1857, by F. A. Jones, then a senior, later Gen. 
 Jones, for the best Freshman or preparatory essay. Prize, a 
 silver watch, bought with the interest on eighty acres of 
 western land. 
 
 Beth Gimel Lamed Prize, founded by students and friends 
 March, 1807, for original oration. 
 
 Keystone Prize, founded by student members, 1807, for 
 declamation. Awarded to Geo. \Y. Plummer. on "Spartacus 
 to the Gladiators." 
 
 Plummer Oration Prize, founded February, 18711. by Geo. 
 "NY. Plummer. 
 
 Then followed the Fiske Declamation Prize, the Anderson 
 (declamation), Hie Thompson I essay I, the Alumni (essay i. 
 and the Chautauquan (oration). These were of a compara- 
 tively late period. 
 
 The following awards were made through the years: 
 
 Hazeltine 1850 Nelson Greene, 1857 l>. Innes Sterrett, 
 1858 S. (J. Nye. 1 85!) Sidney G. Brock, 18(>0 J. Wilson iMiillips. 
 1801 Tennis H. Yosburgh. IS)!!' Reuben ('. Frey. ISO:', Charles 
 K. Hall. 1805 Henry ('. Titus. 1800 Gyrus G (Mark, 18(57 Benja- 
 min F. Beazell. 18(51) Frank B. Stevenson, 1870 James Eldon,
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 1S71 (J. W. Loom is. 1ST! E. M. Wood. 1878 E. M. Wood. 1879 
 Arthur L. Bates. 
 
 JONES PRIZE, CHANGED TO ALLEGHENY 1858 Luther Hai- 
 
 inoii. 1859 Theodore Hall. 1800 .lames P. Mills. 1861 .Jonas 11. 
 Butterfield, 1864 Coursan X. Smith. 1865 Bascom B. Smith, 
 1866 X. Irwin Shugert, 1867 George W. IMummer, lS<js' .lames 
 Eldon, 1809 Charles F. Stokey, 1871 Forrest Hillings, 1872 
 .1. F. .Murray, 1873 E. M. Wood, 1S74 T. .1. Mosier. 
 
 Keystone Prize 1805 Bascom B. Smith, 1867 George W. 
 IMummer, 1808 I). H. Geissinger, 1869 A. G. Richmond, 1870 
 dames F. Wilson, 1871 E. G. Hogate, 1872 H. S. Bates, 1873 
 C. M. Cobern, 1874 C. M. Cobern, 1875 Lewis Walker, 1876 
 William C. Wilson, 1877 S. M. Decker. 1S7S S. M. Decker. 1879 
 Amos J. Newell, 1880 John D. Watson. 1881 (diaries E. Rich- 
 mond, 1882 George O. Calder. 
 
 Beth Gimel Lamed 1868 William Todd. 1809 George W. 
 Plummer, 1871 J. F. Wilson, 1872 John Foe, 1875 C. M. Cobern, 
 1879 d. W. Kinnear, 1880 Arthur D. Colegrove, 18S1 dames K. 
 Cubbison. 
 
 Chautauqua 1883 W. J. Guthrie, 1884 Robert C. Bole, 
 1885 William C. Jason. 1880 H. E. Smith, 1887 J. R. Anderson, 
 1889 C. L. Miller, 1890 John A. Gibson. 1892 A. d. Eckies. 
 
 philo-franklin prizes. 
 
 Woodruff Prize, founded June, 185(5, by Charles Woodruff, 
 a Philo-Franklin alumnus, for the best essay upon a given sub- 
 ject. Prize, a piece of silver plate worth 825, engraved in 
 memory of the difficulties recently surmounted "Hacc etiam 
 olim juvabit meminisse." Awarded to James H. Messmore, 
 June, 1S57, on "Herostratus, Ephesus, B. C. 359". 
 
 Kalamathean Prize, founded dune, 1857, by friends of Philo- 
 Franklin, for the best freshman essay. Prize either medal or 
 money, the interest on 8400. 
 
 Chambers Prize, for declamation, founded February, 1863, 
 by Asa D., Samuel L., and Thomas G. Chambers, students. The 
 prize was a lexicon, English, Latin, or Greek, "the best pro- 
 curable". 
 
 Centenary [of American Methodism] Oration Prize, 
 
 [ 279 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 founded February, 1807, by Messrs. McCreary, Pinney, Chad- 
 wick, Lee Kiusley, and Coulter. Prize, the interest on 8000. 
 
 Later came the Polyhyinnian Prize (declamation), the 
 Alumni (essay), and others. 
 
 Woodruff 1858 Ambrose M. Bobbins, 18.")!) Adam C. Xutt, 
 1860 J. Fletcher Daton. 18G1 Edwin B. Cummings, 1802 Adam 
 C. Hickman, 1863 George W. Haskins, 1805 Edward S. Meches- 
 ney, 1800 John A. Simpson, 1807 dames I. Pinney, 1808 J. 1*. 
 Coulter, 1870 E. W. Tolerton. 
 
 Kalamatheax 1858 R. S. MeEntyre, 1850 George Xorris, 
 1S00 M. C. Horton, 1801 George W. Miller, 1802 Frank A. 
 Arter, 1863 Dana L. Hubbard, 1804 C. Y. Wilson. 1805 John P. 
 Meadows. 1800 James P. Coulter, 1807 James E. Wright. 1808 
 Almon Roudebush. 1800 Melancthon C. Hart, 1870 Jasper N. 
 Hunt. 1871 R. A. McKinley, 1872 M. C. Bailey. 1874 AY. E. 
 McDowell, 1877 J. D. Martin, 1878 L. O. Mead, 1870 J. W. 
 Chase, 1880 Joseph Marlatt, 18S1 William F. Compton, 1882 
 Charles AY. Deane. 1883 F. L. AVells, 1884 C. P. Lynch, 1885 
 Daniel AY. Howell, 1880 E. P. Couse, 1887 R. C. Crowthers, 
 
 1880 Manley O. Brown, 1800 H. H. Critchlow. 1801 C. F. Bell. 
 Chambers 1863 C. W. Wilson, 1805 J. D. Hammond. 1800 
 
 Michael Powers, 1807 George S. Ferris, 1808 D. A. Hays, 18G0 
 Thomas AIcFarland. 1870 R. B. Mansell, 1871 R. A. McKinley. 
 1S72 M. C. Bailey. 1872 E. K. Creed, 1874 W. O. Allen, 1875 
 lames H. Alalcom. 187(5 AY. H. Swartz. 1877 J. E. Adams, 1878 
 AY. G. AYarner, 1870 M. L. Schooler, 1880 John H. Miller, 1881 
 May ne R. Stevenson. 
 
 Cextexary 1808 AYallace Martin, 1800 Stephen Quinon, 
 1S70 A. H. Roudebush, 1871 R. B. Mansell, 1872 .1. X. Hunt, 
 1873 R. A. McKinley, 1870 11. D. Clark. 1S77 O. B. AIoss. 1S78 
 A. -I. Maxwell, 1870 John D. Martin, 1880 Joseph T. Ewing, 
 
 1881 John IT. Miller, 1882 J. A. A'ance. 1883 A. AY. Newlin, 1885 
 C. P. Lynch. 1886 Fred C. Adams. 1887 G. II. Patterson, 1SS0 
 AI. J. Sweeney. 1800 C. V. Ross. 1S01 Alden O. Davis. 1802 
 Edgar P. Harper. 1803 William S. Douds. 
 
 I'oi.yiiymnian 1882 Charles AY. Deane. 1SS3 Homer S. 
 Bodley, 1884 AYilliam P. Murray, 1885 AYilliam P. Murray, 
 1886 Daniel W. Howell. 1887 A. C. la'ndsey, 1880 AI. J. 
 
 [ 2S0 J
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Sweeney, 1890 E. E. Miller, 1891 J. W. Campbell, 1893 Robert 
 K. Crawford. 
 
 OTHER PRIZE CONTESTS 
 
 Biblical Society awards were for Hunter Prize: 1859 
 James H. Messmore, 1860 Henry Wilson, 1861 E. A. Ludwick, 
 1862 R. Newton Stubbs, 1863 Carlo C. Mechem, 1864 C. H. 
 Stocking, 1865 William H. Painter, 1866 John A. Wright, 1867 
 John G. Albin, 1868 William H. Haskell, 1869 Edwin R. Jones. 
 For Painter Prize: 1865 C. H. Stocking, 1866 Henry W. John- 
 son, 1867 William H. Haskell, 1868 Edwin R. Jones, 1869 John 
 O. Speaker. 
 
 Ossoli Society awards were for Chesbrough Prize : 1877 
 Ida M. Tarbell, 1878 Josephine Smiley, 1879 Emma F. 
 Harding, 1880 five persons tied, 1881 Ida J. Henderson, 1882 
 Clementine Calvin, 188.", Hattie Woods, 1884 Mary Scott, 1885 
 Jessie Smith, 1886 Virginia Miller. 
 
 Athenian Society awards were for Fisk Prize: 1879 John 
 W. Moore, 1880 Leroy Porter, 1881 Edward S. Blair, 1882 E. 
 C. Carroll, 1883 R. A. Buzza, 1884 W. C. Lindsey. 1885 A. L. 
 Williams, 1886 F. A. Savers, 1887 W. W. Ellsworth, 1888 
 William T. Noss, 1889 H. M. Barrett. 1890 W. AY. Youngson, 
 1891 R. T. Hatch. 
 
 I NTER-SOCIETY RELATIONS. 
 
 But more interesting than all these to the student body at 
 large were the inter-society contests, nominally held on the last 
 evening of each winter session, the societies alternately send- 
 ing the challenge. This contest belonged to the two oldest 
 societies; later organizations, though holding joint sessions 
 very often with the Philoes and the Alleghenians, and con- 
 testing in every other intellectual match, were excluded from 
 these "Spring Contests". The first had been held in the old 
 courthouse, March 27, 1835; the last was held on June 19, 1905, 
 though many a year saw no contest. There was some misun- 
 derstanding in 1841 ; and the next year the debaters so quar- 
 reled among themselves, that a public performance was out of 
 the question. 
 
 [ 281 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 After The reopening, in 1845, the societies were disposed 
 to be very friendly; and, "owing to fewness of numbers", even 
 the valedictory exercises were combined. But within two 
 years, rivalry had gone beyond the border of friendliness; a 
 member of one society inadvertently offended the other so- 
 ciety; explanations were demanded and haughtily refused. 
 The refusal had, in lordly and scornful italics, questioned the 
 right of one sovereign body to censure another. Under such 
 a stress, there could be no thought of Spring Contest that 
 year. Other quarrels ensued, and it was not until 1850 that 
 conciliatory advances were made. 
 
 The Articles of Convention between the two societies, regu- 
 lating the number of members, the choosing of commencement 
 orators, the arrangement of standing committees, contests, and 
 so forth, had already been declared void, in consequence of a 
 rupture hinted in a "friendly communication" of June, 1842: 
 
 "A. L. S. has doubted the accuracy of the membership roll sub- 
 mitted to them, and Philo-Franklin is astonished to learn that the day 
 has come in which our word is not to be taken. We leave you to sup- 
 pose what you please. We shall receive more members." 
 
 Alas for the good old days, eight years earlier, when the 
 Alleghenians ceremoniously challenged the Philoes to a formal 
 contest in select orations il point), original compositions |2|, 
 original orations |:P 4 i, and debate (3%), the question being: 
 Would it be advisable for the American Congress, if empow- 
 ered by the Constitution, to establish a national college? 
 
 The early contests were held in the church, which the 
 students decorated and often even lighted for the purpose. In- 
 vitations were sent out. through pulpit and press, and the 
 building was generally crowded. The students assembled at 
 the college, and inarched downtown in dignified procession, to 
 sec their men win "such glory as shall long be remembered", 
 and thereafter to celebrate. 
 
 The Faculty remonstrated often, on the ground, that "the 
 spirit of rivalry was so highly excited, that strife and 
 animosity prevailed among the students, ami many of the 
 ordinary exercises of the college were interrupted. If the 
 
 r 282 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 contest be held at all, it must be at an early hour, preferably 
 in the afternoon, and any repast partaken of by members of 
 the societies must be prior to the exhibition." 
 
 But the "strife and animosity" went on. Either society 
 would cheerfully offer the other, on occasion of some public 
 performance, the use of its settees; while the very next com- 
 munication, it might be, would, with killing politeness, point 
 out grammatical flaws in the other's last note, commenting 
 upon its "unique style and unintelligible ellipses", and "recom- 
 mending them hereafter to couch their communication in 
 language which conveys more than merely inferential ideas." 
 
 Quite the most serious situation in all the history of the 
 literary societies arose in 1851. Committees of the two soci- 
 eties jointly had chosen an anniversary speaker. The Trustees 
 of the college objected to him, and requested the societies to 
 recall the invitation, which the students declined to do. The 
 Alleghenians were thereupon excluded from their room for six 
 months; the leading Philoes were suspended, and the rest 
 brought to terms. Allegheny lacked but five votes of adjourn- 
 ing sine die; as it was, twenty-three resigned. The rest invited 
 their friends to the Court House, where they listened to the 
 speaker of their choice. 
 
 The next year, the Philoes invited their sister society to 
 attend an anniversary address by that gentleman whom the 
 Trustees had proposed in 1851. The invitation was sent in 
 January; in March, Allegheny politely thanked Philo-Franklin, 
 saying it would take six months to consider the invitation. 
 Each society now felt herself the one insulted, and for two 
 years the members were barely on speaking terms. In Janu- 
 ary, 1851, Allegheny tried to settle the difficulty, but in vain. 
 About the same time, the Philoes wrote "a memorial of the 
 proceedings, to warn all our posterity, if we have any, from 
 all such matters." 
 
 Not until 1851) was there so much as an exchange of settees. 
 In 1860, a challenge to contest was refused, though with no 
 less courtesy than wisdom; in 1861, the societies transacted 
 common business. Put in 1865, fourteen years after the 
 
 [ 28^ ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 quarrel began, they met in joint session, held public perform- 
 ances, and conducted the Spring Contest. Fourteen rears of 
 offended loyalty ! That was the last of the great estrange- 
 ments. Later differences were more quickly adjusted or were 
 of milder aspect. 
 
 The brightest days for Allegheny and Philo-Franklin 
 paralleled automatically the best periods in the history of 
 the college, until at the end of the nineteenth century the com- 
 plex elements of modern student life had entered and a com- 
 plete reorganization of activities on the Hill had come to pass. 
 No era shone witli brighter lustre than that during the admin- 
 istration of Dr. Bugbee. Each society had its ranks filled, 
 One made an annual record of an average attendance of sixty 
 in a membership of sixty-three. All members fell into four 
 classes on essay, declamation, debate and oration, who per 
 formed three times each term. The form of organization and 
 the parliamentary procedures of the earliest years of the soci- 
 eties were rigorously preserved. 
 
 There was the same lively rivalry as of yore, the Alle- 
 ghenians raising a fund of twelve hundred dollars to adorn 
 their hall. In no way at this time did the Greek-Letter fra- 
 ternities influence unfavorably interest in literary matters. 
 The literary work that a student performed in his society was 
 popularly estimated as equivalent in time and energy to that 
 required for one of the strongest courses in the curriculum. 
 The zest and devotion to the exercises of the societies through 
 the decades far excelled any other college experience. It is 
 not strange that alumni even now, in the enthusiasm of old 
 age, maintain stoutly, that they gained more from Allegheny 
 and Philo-Franklin in their education than in the (lass rooms 
 of Pent ley. 
 
 When Commencement Day rolled around through the 
 Fifties, Sixties and Seventies, and the former members re- 
 turned to Meadville. the first spot to be visited, sacred above 
 all others, was the old hall on the Hill. Many rare reunions 
 then were held. In the era of repairing halls, the old door of 
 the Allegheny Literary Society was discarded, but a loyal 
 
 [ 284 ]
 
 HISTOKY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 member rescued it from the junk and had the familiar words 
 that it bore preserved in the wood in the form of a cross. That 
 emblem is held today by him, in value, above the possessions 
 of many lands. Verily, the societies of Allegheny College 
 wrought an inestimable good. All appreciation and all 
 praise are utterly inadequate. The secretary of old, feeling 
 some such sense of liis limitation in expression, was wont to 
 record merely : 
 
 Haec olim meminisse juvabit. 
 
 The rememberance of this will one day be a pleasure. 
 
 THE BIBLICAL LITERARY SOCIETY. 
 
 Among the number of additional literary societies, such as 
 the Young Students' Literary Society (flourished about 1840), 
 the Cosmian Literary Society, and the Athenian Literary 
 Society (1877-1890), the most prominent was the Biblical 
 Literary Society. This was founded about 185;}, to provide 
 special literary and oratorical training for young men prepar 
 ing to enter the ministry. Its constitution and general pro- 
 gram were similar to those of the other societies; its room, 
 under Allegheny Hall, was simply furnished, but was provided 
 with an ample and excellent theological library. The badge 
 Mas a white-and-blue rosette with white ribbon attached; the 
 motto of the society was: "Fides, Spes, et Charitas." 
 
 At first it was open to all students. .Tames M. Thoburn, 
 of the Allegheny, was also a member of the Biblical Society; 
 and it was James II. Messmore, a Philo, who won the Hunter 
 Prize of the Biblical Literary Society, in 1859. Later, the 
 society became an exclusive organization. It held occasional 
 joint meetings with the two older societies, and they all hospi- 
 tably borrowed one another's settees. The Biblical Society 
 was dissolved in 1873, leaving its furniture and the library to 
 the Ossoli Literary Society. 
 
 THE OSSILI LITERARY SOCIETY. 
 
 When young women were admitted to the college, in 1S70, 
 they applied for admission into the leading men's literary so- 
 cieties. This admission was courteously, but firmly, refused. 
 
 [ 285 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 The young women therefore established a society of their own, 
 naming it in honor of Margaret Fuller Ossili. There were five 
 charter members, Mary Darrow, Mary Hyde, Almira Mars- 
 teller, Mary Chesbrough, and Mary Adelle Williams; and 
 each held an office. The constitution differed little from those 
 of the other literary societies, but the society experienced 
 greater vicissitudes. Interest in all the societies was at its 
 ebb in the nineties, and in 1S97, the Ossoli Literary Society 
 was changed to the Shakespeare Club. The next year, how- 
 ever, society membership being necessary if one desire college 
 honors at commencement, the Ossoli Society was reorganized, 
 but the old vitality was gone, and after June, 100G, it ceased 
 to exist. 
 
 The Ossoli had been assigned no definite room, and for 
 several years it met in the Reading Room in Bentley Hall, or 
 in the men's society halls. In 1874 it was given the east wing, 
 upstairs, but when Hidings Hall was built, the Ossoli Society, 
 for a time, made use of an upper room there; its final home 
 was the Chapel Oratory. The young women usually had their 
 programs in the afternoon, but there were numerous joint 
 meetings with the men's societies. The three of them gave a 
 comic performance in 1880; and in the same year W. W. 
 Shilling, George S. Miner, and Ida M. Tarbell represented 
 their respective societies in the union commencement exer- 
 cises. The Ossoli in those days was a strong force in the 
 college life. In 1877-78 they sponsored five of the eight public 
 lectures given at the college. In their debates though the 
 young women called them "discussions'" they considered live, 
 wide-awake topics; provision was definitely made 1 for news 
 items; the essays and papers were excellent. The Ossoli So- 
 ciety collected a tine library th.it embraced something more 
 than poetry; this was ultimately incorporated with the college 
 library. 
 
 The book of the secretary, in 1873, has this entry: 
 "The meeting was opened with roll-call and reading of 
 Scripture, conducted with remarkable gravity. Several ladies 
 read essays; after one of these, many well-deserved criticisms 
 were offered, and the unhappy essayist confessed herself 'com 
 
 [ 2S0 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 pletely squelched'. Now, amid many blushes, arises the queen 
 of the afternoon, the popular editress of The Mosaic, who read 
 the week's number. The committee for opening the library 
 door reported that they had done so by the aid of a poker, 
 after breaking a large pane of glass. As there was no lire in 
 1 he stove, several young ladies suddenly discovered that their 
 lungs were weak, and they could not perform. The meeting 
 was accordingly adjourned to the Reading Room." 
 
 An alumnus of 1901 writes thus of the last revival of Ossoli : 
 "Miss Mary Breene, '99, was our president. The room was 
 on the fourth floor of Hulings in the corner toward Wilcox and 
 Park avenue. There was an old haircloth sofa, an heirloom of 
 the Biblical Literary Society, a table, a score and more of 
 chairs and a special chair for the presiding officer. The library 
 was limited to a well-thumbed copy of Roberts Rules of Order. 
 There was a program made out for the year. Each member 
 had to perforin six times to get credit for literary work. 
 
 The assignments were essay, current events, book review, 
 debate and an extemporaneous speech. In the latter the sub- 
 ject was announced after the agonized performer took the floor. 
 If the speaker, strange to relate, ran out of words, she must 
 hold the floor till her time was up. Three critics were ap- 
 pointed for each meeting. They sat in judgment on the shiny, 
 slippery haircloth sofa. On special occasions Ossoli had joint 
 meetings with the men's societies and the girls always covered 
 themselves with glory. Addresses were made before the society 
 by members of the Faculty. A specially interesting evening 
 was given to an address by Dr. Rose on her experiences as a 
 pioneer woman physician. I fear when the regulation for 
 eligibility of the Senior commencement speakers was changed, 
 Hiere was not the sham incentive to be active in Ossoli. 
 
 [ 2S7 ]
 
 CHAPTER X 
 
 THE GREEK LETTER SOCIETIES 
 
 IN the rise and spread of the system of 
 Greek Letter Societies among Amer- 
 ican colleges, there were three radi- 
 ating centers, Union College in New 
 York. Miami University in Ohio, 
 and Jefferson College at Canons- 
 burg, Pennsylvania. At the latter 
 institution. Phi Kappa Psi and Phi 
 Gamma Delta took their rise, while 
 at Bethany College, not far remote. 
 Delta Tau Delta had its origin. 
 
 Quite inevitably, then, the proximity of Allegheny to this 
 third fraternity birthplace made it in the Fifties an inviting 
 field for the expansion of the secret society idea. 
 
 But the mystery with which the early organizations were 
 shrouded made them in most college communities objects of 
 deep suspicion. The institution at Meadville. in the days of 
 President Barker, was liberally administered and only by rea- 
 son of this was a foothold on sufferance able to be gained by 
 the new movement, whereas in many places strict laws existed 
 against its introduction. Early in the decade a group on the 
 Hill entered into correspondence with an exclusive body, 
 located further east, looking toward the possible founding of a 
 chapter. But this fraternity refused to grant a charter to the 
 Allegheny men, saying, it had "come to the conclusion that it 
 did not desire to extend the society so far away among the 
 wilds of a western and uncivilized country, where men are 
 scalped by savages and devoured by wild beasts." 
 
 However, some members of this company retained their 
 purpose of establishing a Greek Letter relationship and eventu- 
 ally were formed into the first national secret society of the 
 college. Then a second fraternity entered after a few years, 
 
 [ 28!) ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 and a Third, until now six well known organizations for men 
 and four for women are recognized as part of the organic life 
 of Allegheny. The fraternity system is accepted as an agency 
 of co-operation to bring to pass the highest ideals in education. 
 Each chapter is an effective unit in the social, moral and intel- 
 lectual mechanism of the college. Under the modern evolution 
 of the close supervision of individual chapters by the central 
 governing body of each Greek Letter Society, represented on 
 the Hill, there has arisen among the fraternity members gen- 
 erally a lively sense of responsibility and a keen incentive to 
 excel in best things. 
 
 It has been shown that the small colleges of the nation pro- 
 duce a large proportion of the leaders in public affairs. From 
 the chapters of Allegheny have gone forth not a few to promi- 
 ment positions in their respective secret societies, as well as in 
 the various walks of life. The fraternities help bind the 
 alumni in allegiance to alma mater at the same time that with 
 passing years they keep fresh the vows of brotherhood. The 
 substantial foundation of the men's societies on the material- 
 istic side is attested by the fact, that the combined valuation 
 of the houses and grounds of five of them approximate one 
 hundred thousand dollars. 
 
 [ !'!)(> ]
 
 Ill STORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 PHI KAPPA PSI 
 
 Phi Kappa I'si was founded at Jefferson College, February 
 1!). 1852. As early as August, 1ST>:{, Thomas Rustin Kennedy 
 
 was authorized to establish 
 Pennsylvania Beta at Meadville. 
 
 Kennedy was a descendant of 
 one of the early settlers and had 
 been a student for two years in 
 Allegheny. He then transferred 
 to Jefferson, where he joined the 
 fraternity. He was a man of 
 strong character, richly endowed 
 with the talent for leadership 
 and popular with the student 
 body. So when later he re- 
 turned, he was able, in July, 
 18.")."), to organize the first Greek 
 Letter Society in the college. 
 The charter members were Z. B. 
 Bratt, J. J. McDowell, Nelson Green, W. B. Holt, O. S. Long, 
 F. M. Gregg, George W. Jeffers and W. I). Stevens. 
 
 The chapter was, of course, strictly sub rosa. As the 
 pioneer organization, it had to fight the battle alone for recog- 
 nition and eventually break down the barriers of prejudice, 
 then prevalent in college communities against fraternities 
 For almost a year, by observing scrupulous secrecy, the mem- 
 bers succeeded in keeping even the suspicion of the existence 
 of their society from the minds of the Facility and their fellow 
 students. But in 185G, made brave by this success, they de- 
 cided to wear their badges in public. The effect of this first 
 appearance is thus described by one who had a part in the 
 demonstration : 
 
 T. Rustin Kennedy 
 
 "The badge of this fraternity has graced the bosom of some of its 
 members in public, and wonder and admiration got hold of the out- 
 siders. There are many surmises as to the design of the badge, some 
 recognizing in it a beautiful design, and that is all; some wonder if any 
 more can be obtained in town; and others imagine they can see through 
 the whole thing, and wonder why all the ex-Philos don't get them. 
 
 [ 291 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Only one or two scent the game, and wonder if a chapter is established 
 here." 
 
 With the appearance of the badges, the new organization 
 was subjected to the most severe scrutiny by the authorities 
 and the student body. The purposes of the chapter were not 
 understood, and the whole college looked with suspicion upor. 
 every act of its members. The fact that not even the name of 
 the organization was known, aroused a great deal of curiosity. 
 Many of the students resented being left on the outside of the 
 secret group, and the seeds of jealousy found plenty of fertile 
 soil. 
 
 The records of the chapter for 185G show the attitude of 
 the college toward the fraternity, and at the same time the 
 admirable optimism and courage of its members. "Though 
 politically its members have been met only with rebuke and 
 rebuff, still the principles of this organization are manifesting 
 themselves, and the seeds of friendship, the bond of our union, 
 are striking deep root.'' And again, one of the members 
 writes: "We have braved the wrath of the Faculty, which 
 has forbidden such associations. AYe have boldly asked the 
 opinion of the uninitiated. We have tacitly invited the scru- 
 tiny of the literati. I think we may say. 'AYe still live.' The 
 Faculty has taken notice of the demonstration neither by 
 word or action. The breast-pins are still nnassailed."' 
 
 The progress of the new society was at first very slow, for 
 the obstacles were many. The chapter was obliged to meet in 
 student rooms, or in small rooms in some of the hotels in the 
 town. Faculty hostility, while not open, was always to be 
 reckoned with, a significant indication of which is found in 
 this laconic rescript from the minute book of September, 1850: 
 "Resolved, that we adjourn to meet wherever we can. whenever 
 we can provided we can." 
 
 The graduation of eight of its number of sixteen, in 185G, 
 \v;is almost fatal to the organization. Hut through the fidelity 
 and enthusiasm of the few remaining members, the strength 
 was again built up. and the little group began to grow in 
 influence and esteem. The changed attitude of the college was 
 
 I '2W2 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 one of the fruits of success. One of the brothers writes, in 
 
 1 858 : 
 
 "Our progress is like that of the deep, placid stream, which noise- 
 lessly flows on, continually increasing in volume, deepening its channel 
 and acquiring a power that easily sweeps every obstruction aside. The 
 spirit of enmity, which for some time existed against us, has gradually 
 died away as our objects became better known, and now out society 
 stands respected by nearly all, and is even looked upon with some 
 degree of veneration. We have weathered the storm. Those who but 
 a few months since reproached us with the most opprobrious epithets, 
 have ceased their cavil and perhaps have concluded, in the words of 
 another, that they are either "knaves or liars." 
 
 The years of active opposition, although now to some 
 extent a thing of the past, lia<l had a beneficial effect upon the 
 chapter. The necessity of impressing upon outsiders the 
 objects and ideals of the fraternity, and of combatting the 
 universal prejudice engraved indelibly upon the minds and 
 hearts of the members of the chapter the high standards of 
 their society. The minutes of May 10, 1850, written in the 
 highly embellished style of the student of that day, throws a 
 light upon the attitude of the Phi Psi men toward the trials 
 through which they had passed. "Time's corroding tooth has 
 a destroying influence on most terrestial things, but it has 
 failed most signally during the past term of having that effect 
 upon our beloved society. She has not only stood the test of 
 time, but like some precious jewel, she is all the brighter for 
 the wear." 
 
 By 18G0, the standing of the chapter in the college had 
 risen to such an extent that one of the professors, Frank 
 Brown, was taken in as a member. The chapter even consid- 
 ered, on three different occasions, the advisability of holding 
 its anniversary exercises in public. One of the reasons for 
 such a procedure is stated in the minutes: "That it will 
 give the old members great pleasure to find us taking so hold 
 a step." Uncertainty as to how such a move would be received 
 resulted in the project being abandoned. 
 
 With the departure of six of the strongest members of the 
 chapter for the front upon the declaration of war in 1S01, the 
 
 [ 293 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 chapter once more was brought almost to the point of disso- 
 lution. But with the same spirit that had carried them 
 through so many trials, the men who were left took upon them- 
 selves the responsibilities of the fraternity. On June 10. just 
 two days before the departure for the front, the fraternity held 
 a banquet in honor of the gallant men who were to wear the 
 shield" upon the battlefield. The account of the banquet has 
 been preserved, and reflecting as it does the patriotic spirit 
 of the members of the fraternity, as well as picturing a typical 
 war-time farewell, it is worthy of record here : 
 
 "The occasion was one of special interest as six of our number antic- 
 ipated departing on the morrow to engage in the service of the coun- 
 try, to aid in fighting her battles, and, if it be God's will, to die in her 
 defense. Their names are Sion B. Smith, George Norris, M. M. Phelps, 
 A. C. Pickard, J. D. Chadwiek and Alexander Ashley. At about ten- 
 thirty the Brothers sat down to a sumptuous repast. Notwithstanding 
 gloomy thoughts would often crowd themselves upon our minds, the 
 occasion was one of joy and hilarity. Frequent outbursts of laughter 
 bore witness to the play of wit, and each seemed to be wholly occupied 
 in the enjoyment of the present moment, and of this, most likely, our 
 last meeting. The table being cleared, we repaired to the parlor where 
 we were favored with an able address by Brother J. W. Phillips. He 
 spoke in a touching manner of the feelings now existing between resi- 
 dents of different sections of the country, and closed by exhorting the 
 Brothers to remember their obligations to God, to their fellow men 
 and to their fraternity. Each of the Brothers, who was about to leave 
 us for the army, was then called upon in turn, and addressed words of 
 farewell to the fraternity." 
 
 Many others went to the front in the gloomy years that 
 followed, and not a few gave their lives in loyal sacrifice to 
 their country. The memorials, written in the chapter minutes 
 as tributes to the memories of these men, tell a tale of touch- 
 ing pathos. In them is revealed all the bitterness of youth 
 against the South, the poignant grief of the bereaved over the 
 loss of dearest friends in cruel war. There is, however, a 
 brighter side of the history of Pennsylvania Beta during the 
 war and that is found in the gallantry of her sons upon the 
 battlefield. Of those whose lives were taken in freedom's de- 
 fense and of those who were permitted to pass through the 
 years of bloodshed in safety, there was not one but that 
 
 I 204 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 brought honor upon himself, and thus upon his fraternity. The 
 remembrance of their deeds is one of the most priceless heri- 
 tages of the chapter. 
 
 With the close of the war. Pennsylvania Beta began to 
 regain strength. It increased in standing and influence in 
 the college, and was recognized as a prominent factor in college 
 affairs, although still not officially accepted by the Faculty. 
 Until 187G, the place of meeting changed continually. The 
 Barton House, the American and Occidental hotels, and two 
 or three other hotels served successively as the headquarters of 
 the chapter, and it was not until May of that year that a 
 permanent hall was provided. This definite "home" was 
 located in the Delamater Block. At a somewhat later date, 
 the chapter removed its quarters to a hall on Water Street; 
 then again, the meetings were held in the K. of P. Hall. 
 
 In 188S the Phi Psis again began to feel the need for a 
 change of quarters. No longer content with a hall, they rented 
 a house on Highland Avenue. Here the chapter maintained a 
 prosperous existence until 1893, when the house was given up. 
 A suite of rooms was held in the Phoenix Block and the Rich- 
 mond Block for the next seven years. In the spring of 1900, 
 a house on Walnut Street was leased, and the members of the 
 chapter were once more able to live together. 
 
 The property now owned by the fraternity, opposite the 
 Ford Memorial Chapel, was acquired in 1902, the men living 
 in a frame house which had stood many years on this site. 
 These quarters, however, were only temporary, for, after a 
 brisk campaign, through the generous aid of alumni and Mrs. 
 Sarah B. Cochran, sufficient funds were secured to build the 
 complete and ideal fraternity house which is now the home of 
 Pennsylvania Beta. The cornerstone was laid during the 
 Commencement week of 1907, the chief address being given by 
 Dr. Camden M. Cobern, an alumnus in the Allegheny Faculty. 
 The new home was the first fraternity house to be built for 
 fraternity purposes on the Hill. 
 
 The Phi Psis from the earliest days were prominent in col- 
 lege affairs. Speakers for the literary societies, orators, 
 repliers, honor representatives on Commencement platforms, 
 
 [ 295 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 they figured often in The Fifties and Sixties. From 1805 to 
 1880 a line of prizes offered in competition, the Hazeltine, Kala- 
 niathean. Woodruff. Hunter, Keystone, Chambers, fell to Penn- 
 sylvania Beta through the prowess of its members. From 
 1880-90, The interest of the student body was divided between 
 journalism, oratory, music and athletics. In each branch the 
 
 Phi Kappa I'si House 
 
 chapter had a worthy part. A majority of the editors-in-chief 
 of the college annuals were Phi 1'sis. F\ A. Cattern, in 1SSS. 
 won the famous Chautauqua oratorical contest for Allegheny 
 against several universities. From 18S8 to lsii.*! the chapter 
 held a large share of the competitive and elective honors of the 
 
 I 20(5 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 college. To the present time, it continues to maintain a 
 worthy place in all branches of student activity. 
 
 In the sixty years, there have been 4S7 initiates. Of these. 
 252 received the A. B. degree from Allegheny, 20 from other 
 colleges; 114 received their Master of Arts degree from Alle- 
 gheny. The number of Phi Psis of Pennsylvania Beta to whom 
 have been awarded degrees is: IS Doctors of Divinity, 31 
 Doctors of Medicine, 1 1 Doctors of Philosophy, 11 Bachelors of 
 Law, G Doctors of Law. 
 
 The standard of scholarship is witnessed by elections to the 
 learned society of Phi Beta Kappa. Twenty-four members of 
 the chapter have received the honor, eight being foundation 
 charter members. The list is: J. M. Thoburn '57, Frank A. 
 Arter '04, George W. Haskins '04, Elihu AY. Tolerton '71, Ben- 
 jamin L. Millikin '74, Camden M. Cobern "70, Arthur L. Bates 
 '80, Simpson S. Ford 'SI charter members, and Noble G. 
 Miller '61, Adam C. Hickman '02, Robert S. Borland '5'), Simp- 
 son W. Horner 'G5, Edward S. McChesney '05. Charles AY. 
 Deane '84, William AY. Youngson '01, S. .John Morrow '01, 
 Albert J. May '01, Frank E. Baker '05, Floyd L. Darrow '00, 
 John Raymond Crawford '00, AYatkin P. Sturtevant '00. 
 Francis L. LaBounty '07, Frank P. Miller '07, -John B. 
 Keister '09. 
 
 The best chapter in the history of Pennsylvania Beta is 
 composed of the achievements of her sons. They have attained 
 success in all walks of life. The list is in part as follows: 
 
 Hon. Lloyd Lowdes, Governor of Maryland; Sion B. Smith, 
 National President of Phi Kappa Psi, 1014-1010; AYilliam C. 
 AYilson, National President of Phi Kappa Psi, 1S92-94; Hon. 
 Arthur L. Bates, Member of Congress, 1900-12; Hon. Daniel B. 
 Heiner, Member of Congress; *Hon. John AY. Phillips, Justice 
 of the Supreme Court of Missouri; Rev. .lames M. Thoburn. 
 Bishop of the M. E. Church; Dr. Camden M. Cobern, Professor 
 at Allegheny College, theologian, lecturer; Dr. Benjamin L. 
 Millikin, Dean of Medical College, AYestern Reserve Univer- 
 sity; "President Lemuel AY. Ong, of Richmond College: *Presi- 
 dent Milton E. Garrison, of YYaynesburg College; Dean Charles 
 F. Fox, of Findlay College; ex President John A. Simpson, of 
 
 [ 297 ]
 
 II r STORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Baker University; ex-President Samuel S. Simpson, of Rich- 
 mond College; *Dean Frank O. Marvin, of the College of En- 
 gineering, University of Kansas; *Prof. George W. Haskins, 
 Professor in Allegheny College; Hon. Frank M. Currie, State 
 Senator of Nebraska ; Mr. Frank A. Arter, capitalist, presi- 
 dent of Board of Trustees, Allegheny College; Hon. A. De 
 France. State Senator of Colorado; Hon. Adam C. Hickman. 
 
 Sion B. Smith, President of Fraternity 
 
 Stale Senator, Judge, Professor in the University oi' Minne- 
 sota; Hon. William F. Hill, State Senator of Pennsylvania; 
 *Hon. Homer J. Humes, State Senator of Pennsylvania, 1883- 
 80; *IIon. Stephen G. Nye, State Senator, Judge; Hon. John T. 
 Spencer, State Senator; Sidney G. Brock. Chief of Bureau of 
 Statistics, Washington, 1). C. ; *Rev. Henry Mansell, Mission 
 ary to India; Professor Amos J. Newell, Vice-President of 
 Grand Prairie Seminary; C. II. Haskins. Dean in Harvard Uni- 
 
 [ 298 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 versity; Hon. James R. Weaver, former U. S. Consul at Vienna, 
 Austria, Brindisi, Italy, and Antwerp, Belgium; Frank Chapin 
 Bray. Managing Editor of the Chautauqua Press; Hon. Ossian 
 E. Carr. City Manager of Cadillac, Michigan; Hon. Simpson 
 S. Ford, Judge of Court of Common Fleas, Cleveland, Ohio; 
 Hon. Miles B. Chadwick, Municipal Judge; *Hon. Pearson 
 Church, .Judge of Crawford County, 1877-87; Hon. George S. 
 Ferris, .Judge; *Hon. Franklin W. Shippen, Circuit Court 
 Judge; Charles AY. Deane, Superintendent of Schools, Bridge- 
 port, Conn.; Clifford -J. Scott, Superintendent of Schools, AYil 
 mington, Del.; *Thomas Rustin Kennedy, Clerk of Supreme 
 Court of Pennsylvania; X. R. Steadman, President of the Mel- 
 bourne National Bank, of Melbourne, Australia; Professor 
 James Eldon, President of State Normal School at Lock 
 Haven, Pa., 1887-1900; Professor Frank F. Baker. President 
 Edinboro State Normal School; Lee AY. Unger, Assistant Gen- 
 eral Superintendent of Carnegie Steel Co. R. F. Kahle, '17. 
 
 PHI GAMMA DELTA 
 Pi Chapter of Phi Gamma Delta was founded in 18G0 by 
 a group of students in Allegheny, who sought a tangible boud 
 for the fellowship already existing ami also desired to unite 
 their strength to bring to pass certain reforms. For some 
 years a single secret society had held the field and its mem- 
 bers "were largely the men who won the honors of the college. 
 This situation produced a sort of aristocracy in student 
 activities, and in a revolt against such control the forces 
 gathered which culminated in a rival society. The opposition 
 was organized by Marcus Hotchkiss, 'o$, who returned to 
 Allegheny a year after his graduation and worked with J. B. 
 Reinholdt, 'GO, to interest a group of aggressive young men 
 in the several classes. An almost involuntary association of 
 kindred spirits had already arisen, men who looked at things 
 about the same way, sought similar diversions and possessed 
 the same ideals. But to make their movement effective, steps 
 were taken to secure a charter from another national fra- 
 ternity. Since the entrenched Greek Letter society was alert 
 to discourage and possibly suppress the formation of a com- 
 
 [ L'!!) ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 petitor. many thrilling experiences befell the men who were 
 planning to become members of Phi Gamma Delta. 
 
 One of the strategies employed by the struggling organiz- 
 ers was to treat each other with such a degree of indifference 
 and formality when thrown together on the campus and iu 
 the class-rooms, that the rival society was led to believe that 
 dissension had come among them, that their efforts to get a 
 charter had been unsuccessful, and that the attempt had been 
 abandoned. The elation of the members of the existing fra- 
 ternity was soon evident and other students even offered con- 
 dolences. This ruse, however, was not permanent in its effect, 
 and their opponents, through their untiring vigilance, soon 
 learned of the clandestine meetings that were being held in 
 the rooms of the various members and in secluded spots. 
 
 Among the favorite places of meeting were an old mill a 
 mile and a half out of town, and a cellar in Boles Block on the 
 public square. Once in a session in the dark alley back of the 
 county jail two of the rivals appeared, whereupon the boys 
 ran around several blocks to elude their pursuers, and finally 
 slipped into a coal house behind the Stone Church, where they 
 concluded their meeting without being disturbed. 
 
 In June, 1 Still, a charter was secured from Phi Gamma 
 Delta and each member of the band was secretly informed that 
 the installation would take place immediately. Eight of the 
 
 sixteen members were chosen bv 
 lot to be initiated by tic? legate 
 of the national fraternity, who 
 had come to the city incognito, 
 while the remaining eight men 
 were initiated at the first meet- 
 ing of the new chapter. 11. L. 
 Richmond '(ID. II. S. Johnson 
 '(JO, R. S. McEntire "(10. J. B 
 Reinholdl '(ill. ]\ \\\ Hays ? 61, 
 Frank IV Ray V,2. E. II. Hen- 
 derson '(:>, and IV \Y. Braggins 
 "til. were the firs! members ini- 
 tiated, while on the following 
 night were added J. J. Hender- 
 son "(iiV R. C. Frev T>2, Louis 
 
 K I'. Kay. - 62
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Hamilton '62, J. AI. Wells '62, T. J. Wells '02, Frank Custard 
 '00. Andrew Johnston '01, A. M. Williams '01, and J. C. 
 
 Siimllin '64. 
 
 The place of the installation of the chapter was a room in 
 the basement of the two-storied brick office building of H. L. 
 Richmond, the father of one of the founders. The chamber had 
 been secretly prepared by Mr. Richmond, and at the appointed 
 time the candidates slipped quietly, one by one. down the dark 
 passage-way into the building. Guards had been placed at 
 advantageous points about the Diamond, and at eleven o'clock 
 they gave up their post, and, as they approached the place of 
 meeting, would make their presence known to their awaiting 
 companions by a prearranged system of signals. 
 
 When the entire chapter had been initiated, the proud 
 group of Greeks presented themselves in a body at the first 
 chapel exercise with their pins showing conspicuously. Al- 
 though considerable surprise was (dearly shown by the senior 
 organization, the new Phi Gams were loudly cheered and 
 warmly received by the student body, who were willing to 
 express their appreciation of the men who had succeeded at 
 last in establishing a chapter of a competing fraternity. 
 
 The new chapter had not been founded a year, when its very 
 existence was put to the test. When the Civil War broke out, 
 so many of the members were called away that only a lew men 
 were left to carry the spark of life through the four years of 
 the Avar. The fraternity was composed of men from both the 
 North and the South, and the chapter was represented in both 
 armies. Frank P. Ray, '62, enlisted at the first call for volun- 
 teers under General Patterson. Ira Aver, '05, was made cap- 
 tain of the famous Allegheny College company, and later be- 
 came a brigadier general. Edward H. Henderson, '63, also 
 enlisted with the college company, and rose to the rank of cap- 
 tain. John B. Reinholdt, '60, and C. O. Johnson became sue- 
 geons in the Union Army, .lames M. Wells. '62, became an 
 adjutant, and F. H. Braggins, '64, was mustered out as a 
 colonel after having received severe wounds while fighting in 
 Virginia. 
 
 [ 301 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 William McClelland, 'TO, who later became adjutant-general 
 of the State of Pennsylvania, was wounded while acting as a 
 batteryman in Battery B of the Pennsylvania Artillery. H. L. 
 Richmond, "GO, answered an emergency call for volunteers. 
 Albert Williams, '61, was hospital steward of the 101st regi- 
 ment. J. J. Henderson, 'G2, who had been especially active in 
 the organization of the new chapter, enlisted and served as the 
 ordnance sergeant of the First Army Corps. Henry Johnston, 
 '60, and Jefferson Wells, '62, served in different regiments of 
 the Union Army throughout the war. 
 
 In the Army of the Confederacy the chapter was repre 
 sented by James Crawford, '67, who fought with a Mississippi 
 regiment. Patrick Henry, '64, who was crippled in a coasting 
 accident while in college, lost his life while in the Southern 
 service. 
 
 The first permanent rooms of Phi Gamma Delta were ii: 
 what was known as the Barton House, situated on the corner 
 of Pine and Water streets. These rooms were occupied im- 
 mediately after the installation and continued as the head- 
 quarters of the fraternity through the first few years. The 
 next rooms occupied by the chapter were in the old Colt Holism 
 which stood on Water street where the Halsey Hotel is now- 
 situated. After several years, the chapter desired more per 
 manent headquarters than those to be secured from the down- 
 town hostelries, and so the back rooms in the basement of the 
 Colter Law Office Building on Diamond Square were fitted up 
 more pretentiously than the somewhat temporary headquarters 
 which had previously been occupied. 
 
 In 1876 another change was made to the Phoenix Block on 
 the corner of Water and Chestnut streets, where the fraternity 
 occupied two rooms on the third floor. In 1881, through the 
 gift of James If. Bet tow, '80, two rooms on the third floor of 
 the Richmond Block on Chestnut street wore fitted up in a 
 style which surpassed that of any rooms previously occupied 
 New furniture, well selected decorations, fraternity design:; 
 and Indian tapestry made the rooms attractive and cozy. 
 These rooms are looked upon by many of the alumni as the old 
 homestead of the chapter, rather than the more modesi quar- 
 ters previously occupied. 
 
 [ 302 ]
 
 HISTOKY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 In 1888 a higlily important step in the history of the chap- 
 ter was taken when its first chapter house, the first to be occu- 
 pied on the Hill, was secured. The new home was the house on 
 the edge of the campus, which is now the residence of the 
 President of the college. It was made possible by the gener- 
 osity of Bishop Naphtali Luccock, of the Ohio Wesleyan 
 Chapter, who was giving up his position as a member of the 
 Faculty. The house had been occupied by Professor Luccock, 
 and he made possible the securing of the lease as well as practi- 
 cally donating his own furniture to the new house. This new 
 step was somewhat of a venture, but, with the help of the 
 alumni and the careful management of E. E. Proper, *S9, who 
 was the originator and promoter of the idea, it became a suc- 
 cess, and led to the adoption of the similar plans by the other 
 fraternities. 
 
 After nine years, the need of a more specialized house was 
 felt, and in 1897 a building was erected on the corner of Park 
 avenue and Loomis street after plans drawn by the members 
 of the chapter. This house, which is now occupied by tin? 
 Alpha Chi Rho chapter, was thought at that time to be ideal 
 for fraternity use, and was leased by the chapter for six years 
 
 The ambition of the chapter to own its own home prompted 
 the alumni to purchase, in 1903, the frame residence at 55o 
 Park avenue, adjoining the house which was first occupied. 
 This house served the chapter well until the alumni so gener- 
 ously offered to build a modern and adequate fraternity house 
 which would be a permanent monument to the chapter. This 
 home, on North Main street, above the campus, was entered 
 in 1914. It is a spacious brick building erected at a cost of 
 twenty-five thousand dollars. Being modern in equipment 
 and furnishing, it will last through many years and form a 
 permanent location for the chapter. 
 
 In the various lines of college activity, the members of 
 the chapter have borne their share. They have been promi- 
 nent in the journalistic and literary pursuits of the student 
 body. The Campus was founded in 1870 by Wayne Whipple. 
 '77, A. C. Ellis '78, and A. J. Maxwell '79, who composed the 
 board of editors for the first two years of its publication. Of 
 
 [ 303 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 the thirty-nine subsequent editors, seventeen have been mem- 
 bers of Pi chapter. During the decade from 1880 to 1800, J. 
 W. Moore '81, W. F. Oldham '83, C. W. Fuller '86, W. L. 
 Siling '00, S. S. Marquis '00, and .J. A. Gibson '01, held im- 
 portant places on the stall', contributing much to promote 
 journalism in the student body. This experience encouraged 
 the chapter to assume the weighty responsibility of publish- 
 ing the national magazine of Phi Gamma Delta at Meadvilli. 
 Members of the chapter also have borne their share in the 
 editing of the college annual, the Kaldron. On the first staff, 
 in 1880, were W. B. McINair '80, E. E. Proper '80, and F. C. 
 Howe '80. On the boards of the Literary Monthly, Pi men 
 have had a minor place, until in recent years. In other col- 
 lege activities, the chapter has been given the usual round of 
 representation in athletics, dramatics, musical clubs and class 
 organizations. 
 
 The initiates of Pi number four hundred and two, three 
 hundred and eleven yet living. Of the chapter roll, two hun- 
 dred and twenty have received their degree of Bachelor of 
 Arts or Science. The following members have been awarded 
 Phi Beta Kappa: J. J. Henderson '62, F. P. Bay '62, N. P. 
 Kinsley '6S, B. F. Bandolph '68, N. H. Holmes '70, M. C. 
 Harris '73. T. H. Woodring '73, J. W. Miles '74, J. H. Mont- 
 gomery '77, A. C. Ellis '78, E. S. White 78, J. A. Ballantyne 
 '82, J. W. Kinnear '82, C. W. Fuller '86, E. B. Ileckel '87, 
 M. B. Stevenson '87, F. C. Howe '80, E. E. Proper 'SO, A. G. 
 Fradenburgh '00, S. S. Marquis '00, E. L. Mattern '00, W. L 
 Siling '00, H. P. Johnson '02, B. A. Heydrick '02, N. B. 
 Madden '06, Paul Sturtevant '00, F. L. Matteson '00, A. D. 
 Andrews '08, L. W. Sherwin '08, H. H. Lamb '10, B. B. Yost 
 '10, J. W. Barkley '11, J. S. Bobinson '11, H. M. Weeter '11, 
 C. S. Burwell '11. P. W. Johnston '14. 
 
 In its relation to Allegheny College, the chapter has played 
 a worthy role. Dr. W. G. Williams, '75, was first instructor, 
 then professor of modern languages and president, 1888-0. Dr. 
 J. H. Montgomery, '77, was instructor, then professor of phy- 
 sics and chemistry, 188.*) to 1004. He served as vice-president 
 1889-1904 and acting president, 1903-04. Dr. G. E. Suavely, 
 
 [ 305 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Johns Hopkins, '01, is registrar of the college and head of the 
 department of romance languages. Dr. Xapthali Luccock, Dr. 
 R. S. Breed and Dr. I. R. Beiler have also served on the Fac- 
 ulty. Seven of the alumni of Pi are members of the Board 
 of Trustees and the men of Phi Gamma Delta have been loyal 
 and zealous to promote the highest interests of Old Allegheny. 
 In July, 1011. Pi Chapter was pronounced the most efficient 
 chapter of the Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity during the pre- 
 ceding school year, and was awarded a handsome cup, the 
 Cheney Efficiency Cup, by the president of the national fra- 
 ternity, Mr. O. H. Cheney. The presentation of this cup for 
 chapter efficiency is an innovation since the local chapter was 
 the first to whom the award has been made. The basis of 
 judging the competition for this trophy is fifty per cent on 
 scholarship, twenty-five per cent on relationship of the chapter 
 to the college, and twenty-five per cent upon the relationship 
 of the chapter to the national organization. The competition 
 for the cup is annually renewed. 
 
 The chapter, since its origin, has had considerable influ- 
 ence in the affairs of the national fraternity. In 188!), the 
 national organization gave the men at Allegheny full control 
 of the fraternity journal, and for three years it was published 
 
 successfully by a board of edit- 
 ors from the chapter. E. L. 
 Mattern '00, Frederick C. Howe 
 '80, William L. Siling '00, and 
 Samuel S. Marquis '00, were the 
 editors, and successively pub- 
 lished one of the ablest frater- 
 nity journals ever edited by 
 undergraduates. 
 
 Many of the alumni have 
 served in different capacities in 
 the administration of the affairs 
 of the national fraternity. E. L. 
 Mattern, '00, besides having 
 k l. Mattern. ) edited the fraternity magazine, 
 
 [ :H)0 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 has served on a number of important national committees, 
 being largely the author of the present ritual. Paul Sturte- 
 vant, '99, was formerly chief of the section of the fraternity, 
 which includes the Allegheny Chapter, having given up the 
 office in 11)12. S. S. Marquis, '!)(). shortly after his graduation, 
 was the originator of one of the fraternity reform movements 
 which has since been adopted universally by the chapters of 
 Phi Gamma Delta as well as the national organizations of 
 most of the other leading fraternities. 
 
 Pi Chapter is the mother chapter of several others which 
 have been founded by men who have gone from this to other 
 colleges either before or after graduation. Frederick C. Howe 
 was instrumental in founding the Johns Hopkins Chapter 
 while doing graduate work at that school. Milton W. Shreve, 
 ex-'SG, left Allegheny after his second year, to found a chapter 
 of the fraternity at Bucknell. James E. Stubbs, 'Go, one of the 
 oldest members of the local chapter, was active in having a 
 chapter established at the University of Chicago. 
 
 Some of the sons of Pi who have come to prominence in the 
 affairs of the world are: Judge J. J. Henderson of the Su- 
 perior Court of Pennsylvania, Judge J. W. Kephart of the 
 Superior Court, Judge F. J. Thomas of Meadville, Hon. E. G. 
 Hogate, dean of the Law School of the University of Indiana, 
 J. W. Kinnear of Pittsburgh, and A. O. Chapin of Erie, in the 
 legal profession. In the ministry are Bishop M. C. Harris of 
 Japan and Korea, Bishop W. F. Oldham, Dr. A. C. Ellis, assist- 
 ant editor of the Pittsburgh Christian Advocate, Dr. J. W. 
 Miles, Dr. T. H. Woodring, Dr. J. P. Marlett, Dr. J. W. Carey 
 of the Pittsburgh M. E. Conference, and Dr. S. S. Marquis, 
 dean of St. Paul's Cathedral. Detroit, Mich. 
 
 Among physicians are Dr. J. E. Stubbs of Chicago, a writer 
 on medical subjects and a professor in Harvey Medical College, 
 Dr. E. B. Heckel of Pittsburgh, specialist and professor in 
 West Penn Medical College, and Dr. George Fahr of Germanv 
 Tn business are TV. X. Ridge of New York. John B. Ford of De- 
 troit, and Paul Sturtevant of Pittsburgh; in literature, Ste- 
 phen Qninon and Wayne Whipple, and in social service. F. C. 
 Howe. U. S. Commissioner of Immigration. 
 
 F. G. Brooks, '15. 
 [ 307 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 DELTA TAU DELTA 
 
 The Delta Tan Delta Fraternity was founded in January. 
 1850. at Bethany College, West Virginia. Four years later, this 
 Greek letter society placed its Theta Chapter in Allegheny Col- 
 lege. The circumstances connected with the founding of this 
 chapter, now the Alpha, are as interesting as they are dim. 
 
 Among the members of the Alpha Chapter, then moved to 
 Jefferson College, Canonsburg, Pa., had been Robert Robin- 
 son. Sometime during the year 1862 he met and initiated into 
 Delta Tau Delta his old boyhood friend, R. G. Heiner. Robin- 
 son's story of Heiner's initiation is a classic and is given here : 
 
 "1 had been away from college a year or more when one day R. G. 
 Heiner approached me and informed me he had a notion to go to Alle- 
 gheny College and begin his studies, preparatory to entering the min- 
 istry. He asked many questions about college life. The fraternity ques- 
 tion came up, and I thought it a good chance to plant another branch of 
 Delta Tau Delta. I had explained everything to Alpha and must have 
 had permission to hold an 'open-air meeting.' On whatever date it 
 occurred, we repaired to the hillside, to a point from which we could 
 see the greater part of the town of Kittanning and I distinctly remem- 
 ber that both his home and mine were in full view. His father then 
 lived at the foot of the hill, about three squares southward, whilst my 
 home was about live miles west on the bank of the Allegheny river. It 
 just occurs to me now that a line drawn from our location to my home, 
 thence to his, and from there to the starting point, would form almost a 
 perfect delta. We had no ritual, no regalia, no altar, no chapter house. 
 The sun was about going down, casting back through the clouds that 
 golden mellow appearance of the late summer which always makes one 
 feel cheerful, to realize that the heat of the day is passed with the pros- 
 pect of a cool night. We were there alone in a quiet spot, though nearly 
 every one of two thousand inhabitants of the town could have seen us, 
 and perhaps many of them did, never giving thought that such an act as 
 initiating a man into a secret society was in operation. It was done i'.i 
 the full, open glare of day. There never has before, and never has been 
 since, such an initiation into the fraternity, and I do not suppose such 
 an occurrence ever happened in any other college secret society. I gave 
 him the grip, sign and pass-words with their explanations. After talking 
 for a short time, we went down the hill into town. When we went up 
 that hill there was but one Delta in the place; when we came down there 
 were two, and from the second one has sprung 'Alpha'." 
 
 Not until the spring of ISC.:', did Heiner begin 1o organize a 
 
 [ 308 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 chapter of Delta Tan Delta ;it Allegheny College. "I spoke to 
 several young men of vim and character at the college," he says, 
 "who belonged to no Greek letter fraternity, and an appoint- 
 ment was arranged for a meeting, which took place, to the best 
 of my recollection, during April or May. in a building at 
 Meadville, which stood about opposite a house on North Main 
 street, more recently occupied by Dr. Loomis, president of the 
 college.'' The men present at this meeting he names as Wil- 
 liams, Saxton, Mover, Cooper and Boggs, with the possibility 
 of three or four more whom he does not remember. He also 
 speaks of them as being initiated on this occasion, but since 
 the records of the Jefferson Alpha give the date of initiation of 
 the men named as being early in the next year, it is probable 
 that only the organization took place, and that the matter was 
 allowed to drop for the time being. 
 
 During the summer, Heiner joined the Union army and did 
 not return to college in the fall. Left without a leader, the 
 movement did not see much progress during the first term of 
 the year '63'64, but evidently all the plans were laid for the 
 actual founding which took place immediately after the New 
 Year. Williams apparently was initiated by the Jefferson 
 Alpha, since the dates of his initiation and the giving of the 
 (barter are coincident. Thus he became, in a sense, a second 
 founder of the chapter. Returning to Meadville, he initiated 
 during January and early February, J. M. Cooper. E. L. Boggs, 
 M. B. Saxton. and S. J. Mover. These four, with Williams him- 
 self and Heiner, may be said to be the charter members of the 
 chapter. 
 
 1804-1 ST5 
 
 The years from 1SG4 to 1875 may properly be called the 
 formative period of the chapter's history. Then occurred a 
 struggle for existence with the other two fraternity chapters 
 already established. The type of men for membership was 
 determined, policies were formed and generally the course of 
 the chapter in years to follow molded. Of this period, C. E. 
 Richmond, in his "History of the Present Alpha Chapter", 187!). 
 says : 
 
 [ 309 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 "It was about this time that the character of the boys who should 
 be members of our chapter was determined upon by inward consent, 
 and we have endeavored to stand up to it down to the present day. 
 They did not take in a man simply because he was a good student and 
 stood a good show for college honors, nor because he wore good clothes, 
 but he must possess a true manly heart, an equitable temper, be a fair 
 student, and a light-hearted, merry good fellow. In fact, he must pos- 
 sess all those qualities which a man must have before you can say to 
 him, 'brother', in the truest sense of that word; and while we may not 
 have turned out those grinds who know almost every Greek and Latin 
 root and nothing else, yet it has been our main endeavor to send out 
 men who, in after life, would be educated and refined gentlemen." 
 
 It is interesting to find here in Richmond's account also the 
 explanation of the name "Choctaws", which the members of 
 this chapter traditionally have borne. He says: "In those 
 early pioneer days, the meetings of our chapter were held in the 
 rooms of the different fraters. While returning from one of 
 these late one night, our boys were singing some college melo- 
 dies. A student named 'Bloody Williams' threw up a window 
 sash and called them 'Choctaws', which name we bear, with 
 pride, to the present day." 
 
 The first regular meeting place of the chapter was the "hut", 
 a small wooden structure that for many years stood on Center 
 Street between Water and Market Streets. This was in 1867. 
 After two years, the dignity of the chapter having risen some- 
 what, the place of meeting was changed to the parlors of the 
 old Colt House, now the Halsey House. "The principal exer- 
 cise during these meetings," says Richmond, "was the reading 
 of Shakespeare, and sometimes laying out the plans of warfare 
 against the other fraternities, which now had combined against 
 them, and it required all the 'Choctaws" vim and determina- 
 tion to hold their position." 
 
 The large event of the first decade occurred in the spring 
 of 1809 when the National Convention of the Fraternity was 
 held in Meadville and the Allegheny Chapter became connected 
 in a vital way with the whole organization. The convention 
 was held in the Colt House with I). H. Geissinger and J. O. 
 I'armlee delegates from Theta. The work of this convention 
 was important. The Jefferson Alpha was relieved of its an- 
 
 [ 310 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 thority and the governing power vested in the chapter at Ohio 
 Wesleyan University. By this s'hift, a change in the nomen- 
 clature of all the chapters was necessitated, and Tlieta at Alle- 
 gheny thus became Delta. 
 
 The following winter saw the meeting place changed. This 
 time the "Choctaws" made their weekly rendezvous the Occi- 
 dental Hotel, now the Reis House. At Commencement time, a 
 banquet of the chapter was held in the famous old "McHenry", 
 which was known for many years as the finest hotel between 
 New York and Chicago. 
 
 The years 1870 to 1S7.*> are marked by but two events 
 worthy of note, although the chapter was working alone lines 
 of later constructive value. The one was the founding by 
 James E. Silliman of a chapter at North East Academy. The 
 other was the changing again of the meeting place, this time to 
 rooms on the second floor of the Kitchen Block, on Chestnut, 
 near Park, the first permanent headquarters of the chapter. 
 By the efforts of the men themselves ami the generosity of 
 friends, the rooms were fitted up in handsome club style. 
 
 Richmond speaks thus of the period : 
 
 "The college year of '73 and '74 opened up with the Deltas of Delta 
 taking a most decided lead. The boys were known as the 'lively boys 
 of the college', ready for fun upon the slightest provocation, taking the 
 lead in everything that required energy and spirit, always respecting 
 the faculty, yet never toadying to them. Their social qualities, as well 
 as their brilliant literary ability, won them friends and admirers among 
 the main body of students. * * * But not only at college and in college 
 affairs did our boys take the lead, but also in the city, in social and 
 business circles they became an important factor." 
 
 The fall of 74 brought an event of the greatest importance 
 to the local chapter and to the Fraternity at large. Word was 
 received, late in November, that the Alpha Chapter, at Ohio 
 \Yesleyan University, had disbanded as an organization of 
 Delta Tan Delta. Realizing the necessity of quick action in 
 so critical a moment and being the chapter nearest to Delaware, 
 Delta decided to send one of her members to the scene of the 
 defection. The choice lying between dames S. Eaton and 
 Frank M. Ritezel, the former won the toss of the coin that sent 
 
 [ 311 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 him on the errand through which he became the hero of the 
 Fraternity. 
 
 At Delaware, by various means, he gained possession of the 
 documents and paraphernalia pertaining to the government of 
 Delta Tan Delta, and upon his return to Meadville, Delta 
 Chapter undertook, with the consent of the neighboring organi- 
 
 " Modoc Jim" Eaton 
 
 zat ions, to manage the affairs of the Fraternity. In the month 
 of May. 1ST."), the National Convention assembled at Meadville 
 ;iik1 formally constituted Delta the Alpha, The Grand Chapter 
 of the Delta Tan Delta Fraternity. 
 
 If the new governing chapter contained men of the char- 
 acter described by Richmond, the destinies of the Fraternity 
 had been placed in safe hands. And such surely was the case. 
 
 [ 312 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 as the following list will show: The Rev. James S. Eaton, de- 
 ceased; Mr. Frank M. Kitezel, journalist, Warren, O. ; Prof. 
 Thomas D. Sensor, Superintendent of Public Instruction in 
 New Jersey; Mr. Lewis Walker, manufacturer, of Meadville; 
 Dr. J. A. Bolard, Philadelphia; Judge L. L. Davis, Pittsburgh; 
 Mr. David Jameson, banker. New Castle; Dr. Charles II. Bruce, 
 clergyman, Mattewan, N. J.; Mr. Lowrie McClurg, deceased, 
 publisher, Chicago; Dr. Charles B. Mitchell, clergyman, Chi- 
 cago. 
 
 1875-1883. 
 
 The Crksckxt, the official organ of Delta Tau Delta, was 
 also intrusted to Alpha Chapter in 1878, after the first year's 
 volume had been published in Cincinnati. A magazine of high 
 grade was maintained at Meadville until 1885. when the new 
 system of fraternity government was adopted. Some of the 
 able editors were C. B. Mitchell, C. E. Locke, C. C. Snyder, C. 
 E. Richmond. H. W. Plummer, W. J. Guthrie and E. P. Cul- 
 lum. When the Crksckxt became the Rainbow of 1888, its 
 first editor was Plummer of Alpha. 
 
 The Deltas seemed to thrive under the national responsi- 
 bilities and many Allegheny activities, closing 1878 with a 
 notable banquet to their brother. Will Carleton, the popular 
 poet. The old Post Office Block became now the chapter meet- 
 ing place. In the eight years in which Alpha was the governing 
 power, the fraternity was safely tided over a crisis. The con- 
 vention of 1883 created an executive council of alumni, and 
 Alpha was honorably relieved of its extra duties. The leaders 
 of the period were Judge F. S. Chryst, Warren, O. ; Dr. C. E. 
 Locke, Los Angeles; Mr. W. W. Shilling, manufacturer. Sharon, 
 Pa.; E. E. Baldwin. Esq., New York; Dr. E. W. Day. Pitts- 
 burgh; AY. J. Guthrie. Esq., Pittsburgh; Major F. J. Koester, 
 Washington; Judge W. E. Rice. Warren, Pa.; Wesley B. Best, 
 Esq., D. A. dill. F. F. Lippitt and E. P. Cullum of Meadville. 
 
 1883-1899 
 
 Following 188:5, the chapter quite naturally declined from 
 the prosperity and lustre of the period immediately preceding. 
 
 [ 313 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 The old authority and dignity gone, it was hard for the boys of 
 'S-L'87 to keep the chapter up to the standard of their prede- 
 cessors. By 1888, however, the old spirit was awakened and in 
 the next few years the members were prominent in military, 
 music, literary society, Pan-Hellenic affairs and the famed 
 college play, "Captain Dutton." In truth, they carried with 
 them the initiative that makes that all important thing, "col- 
 lege life," the fine formative important thing that it is. 
 
 From 1883 to 1888, the Richmond Block, third floor, was the 
 home of Delta Tau Delta. In the latter year, a venture was 
 made at running a chapter house, the old Culluni homestead 
 on Randolph Street being taken for the purpose. This was one 
 of the very first occasions in the history of the Fraternity when 
 a chapter undertook to manage a house and among the earliest 
 at Allegheny. After two years, the experiment was given up 
 and the chapter met in the Post Office Building, the Richmond 
 Block and the building opposite the Chautauquan. 
 
 During this period, as in the very earliest one, the great 
 event was a convention. In February, 1895, the Eastern Divi- 
 sion Conference met in Meadville. The fact of most interest in 
 connection with it was that the "Choctaw Degree" was for the 
 first time conferred. "Choctaws" had been the name applied to 
 Deltas at Allegheny ever since the earliest days, as has been 
 pointed out, but it was not until now that the Indian idea 
 was elaborated into its present significance. It is now con- 
 ferred biennially upon members of Alpha Chapter and occa- 
 sionally upon members of other chapters, among whom have 
 been several national presidents oflhe Fraternity and other 
 prominent Deltas. A specially significant gold badge is worn 
 by Choctaw initiates. 
 
 Lowrie McClurg of Alpha held the honored office of na- 
 tional president of the Delta Tan Delta from 1888 to 1891 and 
 John A. Bolard was national ritualist. Alpha furnished to the 
 fraternity at large the "walk-around", a single-file procession 
 marched to ;i peculiar Indian chant. If likewise supplied the 
 national Choctaw yell. 
 
 This period had been one of transition, and if ended 
 gloomily. The close of the college year of '99 saw the departure 
 
 [ 314 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 of the last active member of Delta Tan Delta. But, notwith- 
 standing the up-and-down character of this group of years, it 
 was not without men who, during their active membership and 
 since, have "done things". The names of a few of them follow: 
 Mr. Frederick B. Palmer, famous war correspondent, New 
 York; Mr. Arthur YV. Thompson, vice-president, P>. & (). R. R. ; 
 Mr. James A. Wakefield, attorney, Pittsburgh; Mr. James T. 
 Petty, journalist. New York; Mr. Robert M. Kurtz, editor. New 
 York; Mr. George O. Relf, hotel manager, Salt Lake City; Mr. 
 Walter G. Harper, contractor, Meadville; Mr. .John H. Mc- 
 Closkey, attorney, Pittsburgh, and Mr. Archibald Irvin, sales 
 manager, New Y'ork. 
 
 Since 1890 
 
 But the loyal alumni of Alpha were busy about the revival 
 of a vigorous chapter. With H. A. Dunn, Walraven, Davenport 
 and Fitzgerald as a nucleus, and the addition of M. H. Dewey 
 and J. G. Pentz, the renaissance was well begun, so that, by 
 1902, chapter rooms were rented at Liberty and Chestnut. 
 Next a house was rented at North Main, facing Loomis, the 
 Bunce property. The chapter had quickly gained an estimable 
 place in the fraternity world at Allegheny. The progress was 
 not disturbed by the move to the house at the corner of Park 
 Avenue and Loomis, which occurred in the spring of 1000. 
 
 Athletics had never been neglected, but now a new interest 
 was aroused. On the 'varsity teams there came to be a fair 
 share of Deltas, some of the best athletes of the college. More 
 important, however, was the improvement in scholarship in- 
 spired by the policy of the Fraternity's president, Colonel 
 lames B. Curtis. Class room records grew better until in 
 recent years Delta Tau Delta has been consistently among the 
 topmost in the fraternity scholarship rating. The following 
 alumni have received membership in the honorary fraternity of 
 Phi Beta Kappa: John A. Bolard, '78; Charles B. Mitchell, 
 '7<>; Charles E. Locke, '80; H. L. Smith. '04; M. H. Dewey, '04; 
 F. T. Stockton, '07; W. E. Sheffer, '12; E. .1. Hall, '13; and P. 
 H. Nichols, '14. 
 
 Among the alumni, no man deserves more credit than Mr. 
 
 [ 315 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 E. 1*. Culluni of Meadville for the present prosperity of Alpha 
 Chapter of Delta Tau Delta. Two faculty men, W. Branch 
 Rickey, during 1004 and 1005, and Prof. Frank C. Lockwood, 
 since his coming to Allegheny in 1002 as English professor to 
 the present time, have given invaluable aid also. With these 
 men from the outside, such leaders in the chapter as Malcolm 
 Dewey, Pentz, Church, H. L. Smith, H. J. Stockton, F. T. Stock- 
 ton, Cappeau, Russell. Mould and Baker brought the chapter to 
 
 Eelta Tau Delta House 
 
 a thriving condition in 1010. They had put every effort to the 
 task, and they received their reward. h\ January of that year, 
 there was purchased, through the alumni, for a chapter house, 
 the stately and famous old "Dick Mansion"' on Highland 
 Avenue. With the dream of almost a half-century realized, 
 this history finds a fitting close. Alpha Chapter of Delta Tau 
 Delta today is in a nourishing condition, seholastically. socially 
 and financially, with the propect of a future career as bright, 
 if not brighter, than that of any period in its past. 
 
 II. L. Askky, '15. 
 [ .'510 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 PHI DELTA THETA 
 
 Until 1879, there were hut three Greek Letter fraternities in 
 Allegheny College, but the steady progress of the institution 
 under the administration of President Bugbee and the conse- 
 quent increase in the number of students brought to pass the 
 conditions out of which arose a strong demand for a new fra- 
 ternity. This opportunity was recognized and a group of men 
 united in a movement which finally crystallized into a chapter 
 of Phi Delta Theta. 
 
 The leader of this movement was Emory Alden Nelson, '79, 
 now a Presbyterian clergyman in New Y'ork. The idea of Phi 
 Delta Theta was suggested to him by the Rev. A. T. McGogney, 
 an alumnus of Wooster University. Nelson then enlisted H. C. 
 Hawkins, '82, in the cause, and by the first of April their num- 
 ber was swelled to fifteen men, who then applied for a charter. 
 That much planning had ensued before this end was reached, 
 there can be no doubt, but finally the preliminary work was 
 done and the time came for final action. 
 
 Application was made 
 to the National Grand 
 Chapter which was at 
 that time Pennsylvania 
 Alpha, located at Lafay- 
 ette College, Easton, Pa. 
 Alter a long delay, due, 
 as was afterward ex- 
 plained by the grand sec- 
 retary, to the large num- 
 ber of applications, the 
 charter arrived. For a 
 college of less than two 
 hundred students and 
 having already three 
 strong chapters, the 
 gaining of a four lb char- 
 ter was somewhat un- 
 usual. 
 
 W. Miner. 'HI. 
 
 [ -IT ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 The charter of Pennsylvania Delta is dated May 8, 1879, and 
 -constitutes E. A. Nelson, 1). W. Robinson, J. W. Kahle, W. 
 Bowser. H. 0. HaAvkins, A. D. Collins, D. C. O'Conner, E. W. 
 Peck. W. G. Warner. A. J. Loomis. J. A. Vance, O. R. Thomas. 
 W. F. Compton, C. W. Miner, and E. S. Blair and their suc- 
 cessors as the Pennsylvania Delta Chapter and entrusts to 
 them the guardianship of the interests of Phi Delta Theta in 
 Allegheny College." 
 
 Of the installation of the chapter, -T. A. Vance says, "We 
 were all, except Bros. Bowser and O'Conner. initiated in the 
 parlor of the Commercial Hotel, now the Lafayette, on the 30th 
 of May, Decoration Day. 1879. Strange thoughts had we on 
 that occasion. The one which would frequently climb to the 
 top in my brain was how one man was going to induct thir- 
 teen others into the mysteries of Phi Delta Theta. Brother J. 
 A. Langfitt, of Washington and Jefferson College, Washington, 
 Pa., was the man, and right well did he discharge the duty." 
 The charter members of the chapter were representative men, 
 studious, social and broad. 
 
 The new chapter prospered and was soon enabled to take a 
 worthy place among the Greek Letter fraternities of the col- 
 lege. Only two or three meetings and a banquet were held be- 
 fore the college year closed, but during that time the chapter 
 became firmly established. Shortly after its installation in 
 Allegheny, its name was changed to Pennsylvania Epsilon, but 
 the Delta Chapter was returned again, however, probably 
 shortly after the dissolution of the original Pennsylvania Delta 
 at Lehigh University. 
 
 For the first few years of its existence, Pennsylvania Delta, 
 according to the prevailing custom among fraternities here, 
 held its meetings each week in rented rooms in the down-town 
 seel ion. Up until Dec. 11, 1880, the chapter occupied a room 
 in the obi Commercial Hotel, but at this time it moved to 
 rooms in the McHenry House. On Feb. 5, 1881, the chapter 
 moved again, this time to the third floor of the Magaw Block 
 on the corner of Water and Chestnut Streets. During their 
 stay here, we have no record of any occurrences of historical 
 
 [ 18 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 importance in the chapter itself, hut in '82 President Bugbee 
 was replaced by President J). II. Wheeler. 
 
 In October of '83, another move was made by the ihapter, 
 this time to the meeting room of the Knights of Pythias, on 
 the third floor of the Post Office Building, on the corner of 
 Park Avenue and Chestnut Street. A little later they secured 
 the room of the Royal Arcanum in the Phoenix Bloek. The 
 chapter seemed dissatislied with this plan of renting a room 
 for one night a week, however, and so, in 1889, they moved to 
 the Kitchen Block, on Water Street, where they occupied the 
 whole of the second floor. These rooms were furnished accord- 
 ing to their own tastes and resulted in a much more attractive 
 homelike place. 
 
 It was while they were occupying these rooms that the 
 members of Pennsylvania Delta entertained their first conven- 
 tion. In the fall of 1894, the Alpha Province Convention was 
 held in Meadville and the gathering of delegates from many 
 chapters proved an inspiration to the young chapter at Alle- 
 gheny, giving added impetus to its progress. In 1S95. moving 
 time came along again, and after a short stay in rooms of a 
 Chestnut Street block, the chapter secured a house at 313 W. 
 College Street and resided there for a couple of years. 
 
 In 1897, the chapter found permanent quarters when it 
 moved into the house on the present site, 662 Highland Avenue. 
 It was so well pleased with this house and grounds that in 
 1902 the property was purchased and became in reality the Phi 
 Delta Theta House. It is a noteworthy fact that Phi Delta 
 Theta was the first of the fraternities in Allegheny to own a 
 chapter house. Since it will clear the debt and burn the mort- 
 gage in June of this Centennial year, it will also be the first 
 to free its property of debt and leave it absolutely unencum- 
 bered. In 1909, Pennsylvania Delta made another "first" move 
 when a cottage was built on the fraternity grounds, in the 
 rear of the house, for the accommodation of the matron ami 
 her help, thus leaving the members of the fraternity in com- 
 plete possession of the house after the evening meal. 
 
 Having given an account of the founding of the chapter and 
 its establishment in permanent quarters, something remains to 
 
 [ 319 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 be said of its personnel and the part that it has played in the 
 activities of the college. In the thirty-six years of Pennsyl- 
 vania Delta, two hundred and seventy-four men have been 
 initiated into her mysteries. Of these, one hundred and sixty- 
 two received their diplomas from Allegheny and two hundred 
 and sixty are still living. Most of these men have since takeu 
 an active part in their respective communities, and the influ- 
 ence of a great many of them has extended much beyond their 
 immediate environment. Some of the most prominent alumni 
 who have "made good" in the world are : 
 
 Phi Delta Theta House 
 
 C. W. Miner. 1881, A. M., 1). D., District Superintendent of 
 the Methodist Episcopal Church. 
 
 R. R. Ross. 1883, A. M., General Manager, Dodd, Mead & Co. 
 
 Alexander Vance, 1883, A. M., 1). I)., Rector St. Andrew's 
 Church, Pittsburgh. Pa. 
 
 C. P. Lynch, 188G, Ph. I)., Superintendent of Schools, Lake- 
 wood. ( )hio. 
 
 T. C. P.laisdell. 1888, Ph. I).. President Alma College, Alma, 
 Mich. 
 
 W. A. Elliott, 1889, L. II. 1)., Professor of Greek, Allegheny 
 College. Meadville, Pa. 
 
 [ 320 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 .\l. 
 
 I>. I)., Methodist Episcopal 
 B. I)., Methodist Episcopal Mis- 
 Professor in I lift' Theological 
 
 I). I).. Presbyterian Clergyman, 
 Instructor Boston Theological 
 
 C. P. Boss, 1891, A. M., Bradley Professor of Latin, Alle- 
 gheny College, Meadville, Pa. 
 
 C. A. Petier, 1892, A. B., Vice-President Bedpath Lyceum 
 Bureau, New York, X. Y. 
 
 Arthur Staples, 1894, A. 
 clergyman, AYilkinsburg, Pa. 
 
 W. C. Swearer, IS!)."), A. M 
 sionary, Kong-ju, Korea. 
 
 AY. -J. Lowstuter, 1S9X, Ph. I) 
 School, Denver, Colo. 
 
 D. B. Casteel, 1899, Ph. I)., Assistant Professor of Biology, 
 University of Texas, Austin, Tex. 
 
 E. E. Phillips, 1899, Ph. 1).. Apiarist, Bureau of Ento- 
 mology, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, 1). C. 
 
 B. H. Motten, 1901, A. B., Professor of English, Colorado 
 College, Colorado Springs. 
 
 B. G. Freeman, 1901, A. M. 
 Pasadena, Cal. 
 
 H. B. Harper, 1910, A. B. 
 School, Boston, Mass. 
 
 Pennsylvania Delta has always had in the chapter men of 
 thorough scholastic ability and as evidence of this she has to 
 show a list of twenty-six men who have been honored by elec- 
 tion to the Phi Beta Kappa Society. They are: Alexander 
 Vance '8:',, C P. Lynch '80, F. M. Kerr >88, AY. A. Elliott '89, B. 
 AY. Elliott '90, F. G. Stubbs '90, C. F. Boss '91, B. AY. Darragh 
 '9.3, J. AY. Campbell '9:5, Arthur Staples '91, Paul AYeyand '98, 
 D. B. Casteel '99, E. F. Phillips '99. T. T. Allen '02. B. G. Free- 
 man '01, L. AV. Swanson '00, Stanley Bright '07, C. T. Greer 
 '08, P. P. Parsons '09, Frederic Bright '10, S. L. Maxwell '10, 
 AY. F. Dalzell '12, H. .1. AYieler '1.,, O. C. McLean '13, J. B. 
 MacGowan Ml, P. F. Barackman '11. 
 
 It is not as a chapter of grinds, however, that Pennsylvania 
 Delta has established itself in Allegheny, but as a group of 
 all-around men and a glance at the following statistics taken 
 from the college year-books since 1889 will suffice to show this: 
 Nine men have received Senior Six. Twenty-two men have 
 represented Allegheny in intercollegiate debate and oratory. 
 
 [ ->21 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 while five have won the Wakefield oratorical contest. Forty 
 seven men have represented the chapter on the musical clubs, 
 and eleven Phi Delts have led the Glee Club. It has had 
 eight editors-in-chief of the Gam pus, six of the Kaldrox, and 
 one of the Literary Monthly. Nine of the presidents of the 
 Y. M. C. A. have been members of Pennsylvania Delta. Ath- 
 letics have also received a good degree of attention. There 
 have been six baseball captains, three track captains, two foot- 
 ball captains, and in the twenty years of basketball in Alle- 
 gheny, eleven basketball captains. Tennis has not been an 
 intercollegiate sport for many years, but since it has been 
 Delta had nine 'varsity representatives. In dramatics, Phi 
 Delta Theta has also been active, and since the establishment 
 of the Duzer Du Dramatic Society, in 1910, twelve men have 
 been elected from the chapter. These facts furnish ample proof 
 of the statement that Pennsylvania Delta of Phi Delta Theta is 
 a well-rounded chapter, of benefit not only to the members 
 themselves, who enjoy the fraternal life in the House, but also 
 to the college which profits by the incentive offered to the mem- 
 bers of the chapter to strive to maintain the standard set by 
 the men who have left their records as constant reminders of 
 the aims and ideals of the fraternity. 
 
 John Bright, '15. 
 
 SIGMA ALPHA EPSILON 
 
 If one had been with eleven students of Allegheny College on 
 the evening of March 1, 1887, he would have had no thought of 
 cold winds or the sullen skies of the season. Rather, the 
 hilarity which pervaded the atmosphere suggested something 
 quite to the contrary. What excitement there was that after- 
 noon when the postman brought a letter having in the upper 
 cornel-: "Return in five days to Sigma Alpha Epsilon Fra- 
 ternity. Atlanta. Georgia." How quickly did eager hands tear 
 open the envelope! Yes. there it really was. a charter from 
 Sigma Alpha Epsilon! It was no longer a hope and a dream, 
 but an actual fact. Pennsylvania Omega of Sigma Alpha 
 Kpsilon was really here, and here to stay. 
 
 The eleven men who were the charter members of Pennsyl- 
 
 r :\'2-2 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 vania Omega had organized themselves together for mutual 
 improvement in 1885. They chose to he designated hy the name 
 Tsay Oo Fow. thus being a German Idler society. The club 
 did not remain stationary, but grew and prospered; it was not 
 neglected or disregarded by the other fraternities, but instead, 
 it held a vital position in college life. In many ways it was 
 treated practically as a national organization, the name only 
 being lacking. This was especially true in social circles, for 
 when receptions were held by one fraternity for the others, 
 Tsay Go Fow Society was also invited. Thus it was only a step 
 from a local society to a national organization. 
 
 On March 5, 1887, the infant chapter Pennsylvania Omega 
 was launched on its journey. Messrs. John II. Focht and Wil- 
 liam S. O'Xeil, of Ohio Sigma, Mount Union College, initiated 
 as charter members the following men : 
 
 A. L. Boush, of Meadville, '88; F. II. McQuiston, of Saeger 
 town, '88; W. M. Saekett, of Meadville. '88; 8. A. Tomes, of 
 Pittsburgh, '88; W. J. Booth, of Meadville. '1)0; AY. II. Marshall, 
 of Hartstown, '01 ; I). W. Camp, of Meadville. '01 ; J. T. Odell. 
 of Meadville. '01; C. L. Sherwood, of Cambridge. '01: C. H. 
 Bowman, of Springboro, '01, and I). E. Wolfe, of Bradford, '01. 
 
 These men at once realized the responsibility which they 
 had assumed, and they spared no pains in attempting to make 
 the chapter all that a chapter should be. They did not expect 
 to find a royal road to success. They knew that it was not 
 child's play to start a chapter that would last, since there were 
 already four old and well established national fraternities rep- 
 resented at Allegheny. As was epigrammatically stated in an 
 early chapter letter, "A kite rises against the wind, not with it; 
 opposition is the vestibule of success; and those who labor and 
 strive, spin gold."' 
 
 When the year 1S8G-87 was over, the infant chapter felt 
 that if had grown considerably in strength and in influence. 
 Tt lived in a handsome suits of rooms in the Delamater Block, 
 which is the present Lafayette Block. It had made its debut 
 in social circles by giving a reception to the other fraternities 
 here represented. One new addition had been made to the 
 group in Mr. Charles G. Lindsay, of Jamestown, X. Y. Thus 
 
 [ :52:i ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 there were twelve men who. in the early summer of 1887, left 
 Allegheny, with changed ideals. They had tasted of the joys 
 of friendship under new bonds. 
 
 In the fall of '87. eleven loyal Sig-Alphs returned, full of 
 enthusiasm. They had visited the shrine of Minerva, and she 
 had dropped coals of fire on their hearts. Earnestly they strove 
 to carry high the standards of their fraternity and to he worthy 
 of the purple and gold. That they were most optimistic, is 
 shown by the words of A. L. Boush. of the Class of '88, who 
 wrote: "The future outlook is bright and promising; the 
 clouds of darkness, which first overhung and shrouded our 
 horizon. I am overjoyed to say, are breaking and through them 
 we are able to see a bright and glorious future; and to hold in 
 anticipation the time when Pennsylvania Omega shall take the 
 first rank among the college fraternities represented at dear 
 old Allegheny.' 1 
 
 These men worked hard and carried off their share of honors 
 for the fraternity. The following paragraph appears in an 
 early chapter letter: "Considering the brevity of our chapter's 
 existence, we are proud to report that the turbulent stream of 
 college life bears a bark so richly laden with honors for Sigma 
 Alpha Epsilon.'' The following honors were held by Sigs: 
 Senior Class orator. Senior Class historian, literary editor of 
 the college magazine, two ranking captains in Allegheny Col- 
 lege corps of cadets, and two tanking first lieutenants. Early 
 in the autumn, the mystic veil was raised to three new men. 
 Later in the year, Mr. Charles C. Freeman was initiated. Mr. 
 Freeman has been a credit both to his fraternity and to his 
 college, winning the Phi Beta Kappa key. and now being the 
 professor of chemistry ami Dean of Westminster College. He 
 is also a member of the American Chemical Society, A. A. A. S. 
 
 In the fall of '80, ten Sig-Alphs returned to college with 
 new plans. Since the other fraternities occupied chapter houses, 
 it was due Sigma Alpha Epsilon that Pennsylvania Omega 
 should have a home. Consequently, these ten men began the 
 fall term with this ideal ever before them. They rushed and 
 initiated five men within the first six weeks. After such an 
 achievement, they felt entitled to a house. So an attractive 
 
 [ 324 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 home on Terrace Street was rented and furnished. Only then 
 were the advantages of fraternity life fully realized. Further 
 more, this venture proved to be a valuable aid in obtaining good 
 men; at the close of the spring term the chapter consisted of 
 twenty men. Numbering among its numbers some of the best 
 men in college, Pennsylvania Omega was beginning to grow 
 strong. One of the outstanding names of that year's roll is 
 that of Herbert William [{and, of Harvard, then of Oil City. 
 Mr. Rand received his A. B. degree from Allegheny in 1892. In 
 1898 he received his Master's degree from Harvard, and in 1900 
 his I'll. I)., and in recognition of his ability, was elected to the 
 Assistant Professorship of Zoology in the University. He is 
 also a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 
 and of the American Society of Zoologists. 
 
 On October 0, 1890, there was initiated into Pennsylvania 
 Omega the man who has done more for his chapter than any 
 other single member, Robert Bruce Gamble, of Meadville. Dr. 
 Gamble has faithfully stood by Pennsylvania Omega in times 
 of difficulty as well as of prosperity. To him in a large measure 
 belongs the credit of having made by untiring efforts the 
 chapter what it is today. When Dr. Gamble was graduated 
 from Allegheny, lie entered the Medical Department of the Uni- 
 versity of Buffalo. From there he was graduated in 1800. 
 Since then he has lived in Meadville, where he has built up as 
 
 a physician and surgeon an excellent 
 practice. At the outbreak of the 
 Spanish-American War, Dr. Gamble, 
 who was Captain Gamble of the Na- 
 tional Guard of Pennsylvania, went 
 to the front with his company, ne 
 proved to be the same sort of a soldier 
 that he was a doctor, and his ranking 
 was soon changed from captain to 
 major. But he is a major no longer, 
 for it is now Colonel Gamble who is 
 giving a part of his life to his frater- 
 nity and to the "boys on the hill". 
 Every chapter of every fraternity 
 
 [ 325 ] 
 
 Dr. R. B. Gamble
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 lias its ups and downs, and Pennsylvania Omega oL' Sigma 
 Alpha Epsilon has not been an exception. One of its "downs" 
 was in '91. The storm, which had been brewing for some time, 
 broke upon the chapter in that year. Seven members were ex- 
 pelled. However, the sun does not always remain behind the 
 clouds, and upon its reappearance, the chapter took a new 
 lease of life. It was like a rosebush sending forth new shoots 
 which had to be pruned back in order that it might develop 
 more symmetrically and better proportioned. Pruned back as 
 she was, Pennsylvania Omega was able to take a firmer foot- 
 hold. Her roots extended deep down into the roots of college 
 life so that she could not be uprooted by storm winds of any 
 sort. In a short time, she was again happily prosperous. 
 
 The following year, Pennsylvania Omega made herself 
 known throughout the whole fraternity by contributing an 
 addition to the fraternity yell. The fraternity at first used: 
 "Pub rah ! rub. rah ! rub. rah ree ! 
 Rub rah ! rub rah ! S. A. E !" 
 
 To this the Obio Wesleyan Chapter bad added : 
 "Phi Alpha Alicazee! 
 Phi Alpha Alicazon ! 
 Sigma Alpha, Sigma Alpha! 
 Sigma Alpha Epsilon !" 
 At the 1892 convention, the Pennsylvania Omega boys ap- 
 peared with the further contribution: 
 "Pah ! rah ! Bon ton ! 
 Sigma Alpha Epsilon !" 
 
 The convention approved of it, and it was used during the 
 session. Eventually, all three yells were combined, and the 
 national yell of Sigma Alpha Epsilon today begins with the 
 Ohio Wesleyan yell, followed by the Pennsylvania Omega yell 
 repeated twice, and concludes with the original fraternity yell. 
 
 In 1895, Pennsylvania had the good fortune of numbering 
 among its new members Frederick Stephen Breed. While in 
 college, he held a vital place in college life, and upon gradua- 
 tion, he was elected to Phi Beta Kappa. The following year he 
 received his Muster's degree from Harvard University. In 
 
 [ 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 1905, he was recalled by his Alma Mater to accept the princi- 
 palship of the Preparatory School, Alden Academy. Three 
 years later he was elected Assistant Professor of Education in 
 the University of Michigan, which position he still holds. 
 
 It was also in 1805 that Sigma Alpha Epsilon was signally 
 recognized at Allegheny College by Governor William II. Mc- 
 Kinley. When this loyal Sigma Alpha Epsilon and son of 
 Allegheny, who was later to become President of the United 
 States, delivered an address to the graduating class of the 
 college, although he might have worn various other honorable 
 emblems, he chose to wear only the purple and gold of his 
 fraternity. 
 
 The further progress of the chapter was rapid until the out- 
 break of the Spanish-American War, in 1807-08, when several 
 active members left college and went to the front. But even 
 though the number of active men was depleted, the usual num- 
 ber of college honors were held by Sigs. From 1808 forward, 
 the chapter continued to grow and prosper. It had passed 
 through the early stages of evolution and it had soundly estab- 
 lished its place among the other national fraternities at Alle- 
 gheny. Although some years have been perhaps more properous 
 than others, yet since 1807 there has been no time when the 
 condition of Pennsylvania Omega has been alarming. Those 
 precarious periods have passed forever, and today the chapter 
 occupies a position established only by hard work and the untir- 
 ing efforts of the active men and the interested alumni. 
 
 During the first twenty-two years of its existence, Pennsyl- 
 vania Omega occupied successively six different houses. Their 
 first house, after leaving their suite in the Delamater Block, 
 was on Terrace Street, near Randolph ; from there they moved 
 to what is now the Armory, on the Diamond ; next they occu- 
 pied a residence on Randolph Street; and their next home was 
 on Park Avenue. This residence the chapter occupied, with 
 the exception of a couple of months in the spring of 1003, when 
 they temporarily rented a house on Walnut Street, from Janu- 
 ary, 1003, until March, 1000. In September, 1007, the alumni 
 of the chapter purchased a plot of ground on North Main 
 Street, between Loomis and Sherman Streets, just opposite the 
 
 [ 327 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 lower end of the campus on North Main Street. There they 
 erected a modern frame building for the occupation of the 
 active chapter, and at last Pennsylvania Omega had a home 
 of her own. To Dr. R. B. Gamble, Ben. R. Williams. J. A. 
 Gibson, Fred S. Breed, and Andrew G. Williams, of the chapter 
 alumni; C. H. Bowman, of Ohio Sigma, and Professor Charles 
 
 Sigma Alpha, Epsilon House 
 
 I. Ling, of Colorado Zeta, in a large 1 measure belongs the credit 
 
 for establishing Pennsylvania Omega in her new home. 
 
 During the twenty-eight years of* its existence, Pennsylvania 
 
 Omega has initiated two hundred thirty-seven men into Sigma 
 
 Alpha Kpsilon. ,, ,, ., 
 
 It. r . Kokiilkr, l->. 
 
 ALPHA CHI RHO 
 
 In the latter pari of May. 1004, .lolin It. Giblyn and George 
 II. Itowley. both students of Allegheny College, conceived the 
 idea of a society to advance scholarship and promote true fra- 
 ternal spirit among the members. At that time there were 
 
 r 28 I
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 many non-fraternity men in the college who appeared to be 
 excellent material for such an organization. There was a total 
 enrollment of men of one hundred and sixty, just doable the 
 number of 1894. The fifth and last Greek Letter society had 
 entered Allegheny in 1887. Debating the plan with their asso- 
 ciates, Giblyn ami Rowley decided to form a secret society. 
 The action was founded upon a firm belief in the good influence 
 of fraternal life and the great advantages to be gained from 
 the close association. Definite plans were then made and 
 rooms engaged for the next year on the upper corner of Locust 
 Street and North Park Avenue. The new society took on the 
 name of the Theta Delta Psi Fraternity, but did not secure the 
 Faculty approval until March 17, 1905, whence it dates its 
 permanent organization. 
 
 The charter members were J. R. Giblyn, New York City; 
 George II. Rowley, District Attorney of Mercer County, Pa.; 
 AY. B. Hotson, C. M. Hotson. Manager of the Wells, Fargo 
 Company; A. A. Hoch, F. G. Smith, Professor of Engineering 
 at the University of Foo Chow, China; R. Parker Andrews, 
 pastor of the M. E. Church at Ambridge. Pa.; F. A. llewit and 
 C. P. Dye, Superintendent of Schools, Franklinville, N. Y. 
 
 In the autumn of 1906, the growth of the local society 
 caused the members to look for new quarters. Consequently, 
 they were lodged in a large stone house on Highland Avenue 
 through the kindness of the late Colonel Dick, who became 
 interested in the fraternity and showed its members many 
 favors. The society has maintained a well-furnished house con- 
 tinuously since its organization, and since 1908 it has occupied 
 its present location on the corner of Loomis Street and North 
 Park Avenue. 
 
 Several of the recent successful Allegheny alumni are mem- 
 bers of Theta Delta Psi. diaries C. Hasely. '1:5, is an in- 
 structor in the University of New York City, and M. AY. King, 
 'OS, is an instructor in the Medical Department of Johns Hop- 
 kins University; George P. Rowley, '0.">, the young Mercer 
 County District Attorney, is known throughout AYestern Penn- 
 sylvania as a most energetic and promising lawyer. Rev. 
 Thomas Fornear and Rev. R. P. Andrews. '08, are rising clergy- 
 men in the Pittsburgh Methodist Conference. 
 
 [ 329 ]
 
 HISTOKY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 In 1!)11 The membership of the fraternity numbered sixty, 
 with twenty active members. They became interested in ob- 
 taining a charter from Alpha Chi Rlio, believing that affiliation 
 with a national fraternity of such standards and traditions 
 would be of mutual advantage. In May, a petition was sent to 
 the National Council and in June an investigation was made 
 bv the National Secretary. At the meeting; of the National 
 
 
 . I . 
 
 Alpha Chi Rho House 
 
 Council, held at Philadelphia, October 17, 11)11, members of 
 Theta Delta Psi wen; present to support the petition. 
 
 For the next two years, correspondence continued and rep- 
 resentatives of Alpha Chi Rho visited the chapter from time 
 to time, ami in the spring of 1!>14 the National President paid 
 a final visit of inspection, and on his return, the long-hoped-for 
 Hurler was granted. On May 30 of the same year. Phi Iota 
 
 [ 330 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Chapter of Alpha Chi Rho was instituted and Theta Delta Tsi 
 was absorbed in the national organization. 
 
 The fraternity was founded at Trinity College and its chap 
 ter roll is eon lined to the strong eastern institutions. The 
 Allegheny Chapter is its extreme western outpost. Alpha Chi 
 Rho belongs to that class of fraternities which has for its 
 object the development of the manly and moral qualities of its 
 members, being thus the means of raising constantly tha 
 mental, social and moral standards both of their own brothers 
 and of the colleges in which they are established. Its platform 
 of principles and ideals, called the 'Landmarks of the Frater- 
 nity", are as follows : 
 
 (1) Membership from Christians only; (2) The insistence 
 on a high and (dean moral standard; (3) The paramount duty 
 of brotherly love between the members; ( 4 Insistence of man- 
 liness as the essential requirement in members, and the denial 
 of possible external defects, or of possible poverty as consti- 
 tuting a sufficient reason for black-ball. 
 
 With these ideals, the organization has begun a new history, 
 and. thus early, evidence of its success is very manifest. The 
 chapter at present has twenty-six resident brothers. The schol- 
 arship has been high this year and the men give promise of 
 large and extended work in the various college activities. 
 
 The graduate chapter of the fraternity, although in its 
 infancy, is one of which the active chapter is proud. Among its 
 members are Samuel H. French, manager of the Order Depart- 
 ment of the Pittsburgh Shovel Works; Wendell P. Ball, Divi- 
 sion Engineer of the B. & O. Railroad; Benjamin IT. Ball, 
 Professor Grand Prairie Seminary, Indiana; -lames G. Else, 
 draftsman, Youngstown, O. ; H. B. Storer, Wesley G. Hayes 
 and Charles R. Walker, Professors at the Polish Institute, 
 Cambridge Springs, Pa.; Claire F. Brockway, Edwin Coon, 
 Paul V. Kline and Lynn M. Davis, all of whom have occupied 
 responsible positions in the teaching profession the past year. 
 
 R. E. Hoffman, '10. 
 
 KAPPA ALPHA THETA 
 
 When Kappa Alpha Theta entered Allegheny, in 1STG. but 
 seven women were in attendance at the college, and they only 
 
 r 33i i
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 on grudging sufferance. It was therefore a plucky achievement 
 when four of tho.se seven secured a charter from the oldest 
 Greek Letter society for women, at that time a national orga- 
 nition of six chapters. The frown of the Faculty and the ridi- 
 cule of their fellow students effectually dampened the enthusi- 
 asm of the ambitious four, however, and after the graduation 
 of three of their members in .June, the outlook in the fall was 
 so unpromising that the lone guard wisely, if reluctantly, gave 
 up the charter. 
 
 In 1881 the time was ripe for the assertion of women's 
 equality with men at Allegheny. Mu Chapter was then perma- 
 nently established, having a membership of thirteen the first 
 year on its roll, as follows: Jessie Dunham (Stewart), Minnie 
 Saeger (Van Rensaelaeri, Alice Gardner, Cassia Patton, -Julia 
 McGrew, Iris Parr, Ida Henderson, May Folmer, Virginia 
 Miller (Lynch), Emma Powell (Xichollsl, Clara Snyder ( Hol- 
 listeri, Cora Staples and Lydia Wood (Bodley). 
 
 During the six years ensuing, the society passed from toler 
 ation to respectful recognition, and in the latter part of the 
 period enjoyed a flourishing existence wholly free from oppo- 
 sition. An attractive room on the fourth floor of Hillings Hall 
 had become the fraternity home, and Kappa Alpha Theta was 
 regarded as an integral factor in the college life. 
 
 Tn the fall of 1SN7, with the advent of Kappa Kappa 
 Gamma, Mu received the advantage of that wholesale rivalry 
 which is one of the best incentives to excellence, and the sub- 
 sequent enlargement of the Pan-Hellenic circle increased this 
 beneficial stimulus. For nearly three decades, Theta's history 
 at Allegheny has been that of the usual prosperous chapter in 
 a conventional favorable environment. Her material growth 
 has been attested by two changes of chapter hall for larger, 
 more pretentious quarters, the handsome suite now occupied in 
 Hulings having been formally opened in the spring of 11)00. 
 
 The intellectual standing of the chapter is evident in the 
 list of Phi Beta Kappa members at Allegheny: Mae Golf 
 Smith, 'SO; Harriet Peitze Coney, 'ST; Clare Belle Howard 
 Coale, '!.*!; Elvira Basconi, 'ill; Clara Campbell, '05; Sabra 
 Yoiight, '00; Klla Craig Phelps, '111 ; Bnth Townley, '<>:!; Maud
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Shadduck Bynuin, '01; Katherine Adams McCune, "OT ; Flor 
 enee Grauel Miller, 'OS; Mary Sansom Jones, '14; Dorothy San- 
 soiu, '13; Beulah Grauel, 13; Florence Griswold, '13; If ut h 
 Dodd, '14, and Gertrude Hammond, '14. 
 
 In the relation of Mu Chapter to the national fraternity, it 
 was honored in 1900-2 by having Mary K. S. Scott hold the 
 position of Grand Vice-President and Grand Treasurer. 
 
 On the alumni roll of the chapter, numbering ir>!) mem- 
 bers, are names of women holding positions of trust and dis- 
 tinction not only in all parts of the Union, but in foreign 
 lands as well. Josephine Henderson, as a teacher, Charlotte 
 Illingworth, as a missionary in India; Hattie O. Johnson, 
 Julia Krech and Lettie Johnston, in city social service; Sabra 
 Yought, as librarian in various colleges; Dr. Ella D. Goff, of 
 Pittsburgh, as a physician; Mrs. Alice Crittenden Derby and 
 Florence Langworthy. as writers of merit, are especially 
 worthy of mention. 
 
 The rank and file of the fraternity constitutes a body 
 
 whose influence for loyalty and aspiration typifies the best 
 
 elements of college womanhood. In a less tangible, but more 
 
 real field of attainment, Mu has striven for the maintenance 
 
 of the general fraternity ideals of scholarship, sociability and 
 
 Christian service, with the measure of success manifest in the 
 
 liberal share of honors accorded her members and in their 
 
 identification with every constructive movement or event of 
 
 the college. . M . 
 
 B Dorothy Abrams, 7 lo. 
 
 KAPPA KAPPA GAMMA 
 
 Early in the year 1888, Gamma Rho Chapter of Kappa 
 Kappa Gamma was organized at Allegheny College with Kate 
 Christy, Mary Christy, Carrie Frances Mount, Bessie Putnam 
 and Jessie Smith as charter members. At this time, the 
 Kappas had the largest woman's Greek letter society in the 
 country, with a settled policy of entering only the larger col- 
 leges. The girls were greatly elated over securing a charter. 
 This was done through the influence of Miss M. Adele Barney 
 (now Mrs. Wilson), of Tan Chapter, at that time an editor 
 on The Chautat'QUAx, published then in Meadville. Mrs. 
 
 r QQQ T
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Wilson is a writer of some note whose work appears in various 
 papers and magazines. The entire college seemed to share in 
 the girls' elation and the new chapter received a most enthusi- 
 astic welcome into the Greek world. 
 
 The installation took place Feb. 13, at the home of Mrs. 
 Whiting, sister of Jessie Smith, and after the ceremony repre- 
 sentatives from the men's fraternities gave a banquet in honor 
 of the event. The chapter met with Miss Smith until dune. 
 1888, when it was given the southeast room on the fourth floor 
 of Hilling's Hall. Later the northwest room also was given 
 to them. 
 
 Gamma Eho now had a real home and could begin to fur- 
 nish it, a process that delights every woman's heart. The 
 pleasure was greatly augmented by the gifts which each of 
 the fraternities and other friends sent to them. The most 
 thrilling gift came from a friend of Lillian and Eula Mannett 
 in New York. This donation became a permanent active mem- 
 ber of the chapter under the cognomen of "Mrs. Potter 
 Brown". 
 
 During these early days, chapter meetings were rather 
 strenuous affairs. There were no inherited fraternity policies; 
 no older members to instill established ideals. Relations to 
 the college and its life, to the other Greek societies, and rela- 
 tions of the members to each other, caused many long and 
 heated discussions. Miss Barney successfully impressed the 
 cultural value of fraternal life. After the business sessions, the 
 evenings would often be spent in an animated discussion of 
 Ibsen's Nora Helmar or some equally exciting topic. In look- 
 ing back, it seems very significant that such discussions usually 
 centered about some problem in the life of women, and the 
 debates were vigorous and fearless. 
 
 One of the pleasant things of this period was a reception 
 given for the Kappas by Miss Ida Josephine Henderson. Miss 
 Ida Tarbell and Miss Barney, of the CiiAiTArgrAX stall'. Also 
 there was the pleasure of meeting Mrs. .Mary Livermore, who 
 came to Mendville to lecture. She was a Kappa and undoubt- 
 edly did a great deal to enlarge and ennoble fraternity life. 
 
 One of the important events in the history of Gamma Rho 
 
 [ *U l
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLL HOE 
 
 Chapter was the entertaining of the National Biennial Conven- 
 tion from Aug. 25 to Aug. >il, 1008. There were present more 
 than two hundred college women, representing nearly every 
 State in the Union. The college buildings and the men's fra- 
 
 Miss Bessie Putnam 
 
 ternity houses were placed at the disposal of the guests. The 
 days, of course, were devoted to business, the evenings to fes- 
 tivities. There was a reception to the Grand Council; Alpha 
 Chi Omega gave a most charming inusicale; next was a lawn 
 fete to present the Kappas to the town people; and the fitting 
 finale, the banquet.
 
 HISTOKY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 There is nothing very exciting in the history of Gamma 
 liho. Its life has been healthy and vigorous. Its members 
 have entered into the life of the college to the fullest degree, 
 and, leaving college, they have entered into the life of the 
 world in the same whole-hearted fashion. Of our charter 
 members, Kate Christy is the wife of T. C. Blaisdell, now 
 President of Alma College, Alma, Mich. Mary Christy died 
 after a brief but promising career as a physician. Carrie 
 Mount died very soon after graduating. Bessie Putnam is a 
 writer of recognized merit. Her work has been accepted and 
 published by forty papers and magazines, including The Sci- 
 kxtific Americax, Harpers' Bazaar, Success, .lessie Smith 
 Trumper is a successful physician in Cleveland and is equally 
 successful as a home-maker. 
 
 Very early Kappa Kappa Gamma obtained a strong foot- 
 hold in Meadville. Her local members have always been a 
 source of strength and pride. They are active in club, in so- 
 ciety, in church, in civic work, in charitable enterprises ami in 
 the homes. The Kappa girls have been interested and capable 
 in every line of work. Several have engaged successfully in 
 college settlements. 
 
 Indeed, in 1907, Louise Bolard Moore, as a result of her 
 study, published a book. "Wage Earners' Budgets", a work of 
 such value as to bring her national recognition. Finetta 
 Porter Sackett and Leone McLean have rendered important 
 services along sociological lines. 
 
 Winnie Kate Mount and Gertrude Hastings Transeau are 
 successful physicians. Grace Van Woert Henderson has pub- 
 lished a small collection of worthy poems, whose circulation 
 has not been made public. Katharine Dewey Wilson, as a 
 newspaper writer, has won recognition. Many of the girls 
 have made excellent teachers. Helen McClintock, Professor of 
 German and Dean of Women in Geneva College, is a notable 
 example. So ;ils<> is .Jessie Marvin, in the Margaret Morrison 
 School, Carnegie Institute. Helen Heiner is a promising voca- 
 list, winning the contralto prize lately in the Eisteddfod. 
 
 The following alumni have won the key of Phi Beta Kappa: 
 Mrs. Mary Colter English, 'IKS ; .Mrs. Georgiana Crane Muller. 
 
 [ ::(; ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 '00; Mrs. Ruth Hay Dunlap, '00; Mrs. Blanche Beecher Hatch, 
 '01; Miss Dema Bard, '02; Mrs. Erma Rogers Waid, '03; Miss 
 Helen McClintock, '04; Miss Winifred Terry, '04; Mrs. Elsie 
 Ball Stone, '00; Mrs. Mary Nicholls Maxwell, '09; Miss Hazel 
 Emery, '10; Miss Elizabeth Ling, '12; Mrs. Mary Sowash 
 Hughes, '12. 
 
 Out of one hundred forty girls who were members of Gamma 
 Rho Chapter before 1013, eighty-eight are married. This num- 
 ber includes sixty per cent of her Phi Beta Kappa roll. This is 
 a significant fact and better describes the Kappa Kappa 
 Gamma girls than any other thing that could be said. With 
 their fine intelligence, their cultivated minds, their modern out- 
 look, they are still the womanly women who love home and 
 family life. Just as smart and forceful as those women who 
 today are making independent names for themselves, these 
 many Kappas are realizing the fullness of life in becoming very 
 
 successful wives and mothers. 
 
 Jean Frf.y, '95. 
 
 ALPHA CHI OMEGA 
 
 Blessed be that genus of the human family known as 
 cousins! The particular relative in mind is Mary Satterfield, 
 an Alpha Chi from Northwestern University, who, through 
 correspondence with her cousins, Zannie Tate and Elizabeth 
 Tate, of Meadville, was the direct means of the installment in 
 Meadville of Delta Chapter of Alpha Chi Omega. 
 
 Weighty secrets had been passing back and forth between 
 Chicago and Meadville in the winter of 1890, unconscious 
 though the mailman had been. But the letters and the mys- 
 terious whisperings in a certain set of girls, who were stu- 
 dents at Allegheny College and at the Meadville Conservatory 
 of Music, were to culminate in a meeting of seven girls at the 
 Tate home on Spring Street on the afternoon of January 29, 
 1891. At that meeting, Miss Satterfield, from Northwestern 
 University, and Miss Price, from De Pauw University, were 
 present and took charge of the installation of Delta. 
 
 Seven girls were initiated that day: Antoinette Snyder 
 (Mrs. Mauley O. Brown), Pern Pickard, '95, (Mrs. E. W. Stev- 
 ens) ; Ruby Krick, '90. (Mrs. Thaddeus Evans) ; May Tinker, 
 
 [ 337 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 '00, (Mrs. George F. Barn ; May Breden, Zaimie Tate, '92, 
 (Mrs. Luther P. Osgood), and Elizabeth Tate, '90, (Mrs. Alex- 
 ander I*. Wilson). That evening, Mrs. Juvia O. Hull, Director 
 of the Conservatory, and Miss Mary Finney, also a member of 
 its Faculty, were initiated as honorary members. 
 
 The next morning the seven charter members, one full day 
 old, were eager to learn with what degree of cordiality they 
 would be received into the Meadville Greek Letter world, and 
 straightway sallied forth in a body to college chapel with trepi- 
 dation in their hearts. All fear was instantly dispelled for 
 Alpha Chi Omega was welcomed by the other fraternities with 
 true Pan-Hellenic spirit. More formal recognition came, a few 
 weeks later, in the form of an invitation from Kappa Kappa 
 Gamma to attend a party given for all the fraternities. It is 
 surely a worthy fact to go down in history that at this func- 
 tion one of our charter members first met her future husband, 
 who was a member of the Phi Kappa Psi Fraternity. 
 
 After the first year, the social affairs of Alpha Chi Omega 
 were many in the form of teas, recitals, spreads, receptions and 
 banquets. For the first two years, the fraternity meetings were 
 held in a small room in the Conservatory building, at the 
 corner of Liberty and Chestnut Streets. In 1894, Delta took 
 possession of the third floor of the house, one long room with 
 sloping mansard walls. A photograph of the room, taken by 
 Dr. Montgomery, one of Allegheny's beloved professors, dis- 
 plays the vastness of the room and its attractive arrangement. 
 Here the chapter remained until 1901, when a change was 
 made to the Shryock property on East Chestnut Street. 
 
 After two years, a new location was taken up in the Flood 
 Building, on Park Avenue, where the Conservatory, now called 
 the Pennsylvania College of Music, was established. Delta 
 next rented two rooms on Highland Avenue, and the final move 
 was to the front fourth floor of Hilling's Hall. 
 
 Delta wns hostess for the Fourth National Convention of 
 Alpha Chi Omega in 1890, April 8-10. Margaret Barber. '90, 
 now Mrs. C. K. Bowen. presided over the sessions. At that 
 time there were; twenty-one active members and nine resident 
 alumna?. The social features were a nmsicale, receptions and 
 
 [ 338 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 a banquet at the Commercial Hotel (the present Lafayette) at 
 which Mrs. Juvia O. Hull was toastmistress. 
 
 Delta was again honored in 1904 when the Ninth National 
 Convention was held in Meadville, November 2-4. Bertha 
 Sackett, '03, (Mrs. W. I*. Haynes), was then Grand Secretary. 
 The social program of the convention consisted of receptions by 
 the authorities of Allegheny College and the Pennsylvania Col- 
 lege of Music and the sororities at Allegheny. The closing 
 banquet was at Saegertown Inn with Miss Jessie Merchant, '01, 
 as toastmistress. The fraternity of Alpha Chi Omega was 
 steadily expanding and alumni of Delta had a share in that 
 growth. 
 
 The following had been Grand Council officers : Zannie 
 Tate, '92, Oct., 1891-Feb., 1893, Grand Secretary; Charlotte 
 Webber, Feb., 1893-Mar., 1894 Grand Vice-President ; Charlotte 
 Webber, Mar., 1894- Apr., 189G, Grand President; Virginia Por- 
 ter, '97, Mar., 1894-Apr., 1890, Grand Secretary; Gertrude Og- 
 den, Apr., 1896-Dec, 1899, Grand Treasurer; Florence Harper, 
 '92, Dec, 1899-Nov., 1902, Grand Treasurer; Alta Mover, '03, 
 Nov., 1902-1903, Grand Secretary; Bertha Sackett, '03, 1903- 
 1905, Grand Secretary; Bertha Sackett, '03, 1905-1906, Grand 
 Vice-President; Fay Barnaby Kent, '02, 1908-1915, Grand Vice- 
 President; Grace Hammond Holmes, 1910-1912, Grand His- 
 torian; Grace Hammond Holmes, 1912-1915, President of At- 
 lantic Province. 
 
 Literary honors were won by Lucy Loane, '11, prize given 
 by The Lyre for original legend, and by Celia McClure, '12, 
 author of "The Fraternity Symphony." The chapter won The 
 Lyre loving cup for 1913-14. 
 
 The beautiful new initiation ceremony, adopted by the Na- 
 tional Council in 1910 at the Detroit Convention and used for 
 the first time in the fall of 1912, was largely the result of the 
 research work of Fay Barnaby Kent, '02, who has brought 
 great honor to Delta Chapter by her untiring enthusiastic work 
 for Alpha Chi Omega. 
 
 The Alpha Chi Alumna Chapter, in which Alleghenians are 
 most interested because of the unusual number of Delta girls 
 in its membership, is Gamma Gamma Chapter in New York 
 
 [ 339 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 City. Miss Olive Porter, a Delta girl, was also an active mem- 
 ber of Gamma Gamma until last year when she removed to 
 Paris to study French and gather dramatic material. She is 
 now a war correspondent. As a playwright, she is the author 
 of The Ringmaster. 
 
 Margaret Barber Bowen, of Meadville, author, is a contri- 
 butor of prose and verse to Atlantic Monthly, Century, 
 Harper's, Outing, Boston Transcript, Springfield Repub- 
 lican and children's periodicals. For a time she was on the 
 Atlantic Monthly staff, Mrs. Juvia O. Hull, of Meadville. 
 was head of the Conservatory of Music, and is director of the 
 Oratorio Society. 
 
 The history of Delta is complete only with mention of the 
 loyal Meadville Alumnae Club. The members in town have 
 always been an invaluable aid to the chapter at Allegheny. 
 The club has a roll of twenty-nine, whose secretary is Mrs. Ruby 
 Marsh Eldred, '08. The active chapter endeavors always to 
 perform its share of college activities and gains its quota of 
 honors. It has had one hundred and eighty-nine members, of 
 whom fifty-one received the A. B. degree. History is still in 
 the making and the story of Alpha Chi's further success and 
 failures must be left to the narrator of 2015. Every member 
 of Alpha Chi Omega will ever strive to make the New Alle- 
 gheny proud to claim the fraternity as its daughter, for thus 
 its worth to the college is fully realized. 
 
 Lucille Lippitt, '15. 
 
 ALPHA GAMMA DELTA 
 
 The history of the local society, Theta Sigma, and of Alpha 
 Gamma Delta, the national sorority, reflects the virility and 
 energy of the New Allegheny. The close natural friendship of 
 six kindred spirits antedated the actual formation of the Greek 
 Letter group by more than a year. The sorority was the result 
 of careful planning on the part of the girls reinforced by the 
 advice of the faculty. With plans matured and approved, it 
 caine forth as Theta Sigma on Dec. 10, 1004, with six founders 
 and three freshmen, to which a fourth was soon added. Th" 
 time was ripe for the founding of another fraternity among the 
 
 [ .'540 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 young women. The generous support of the Faculty and kindly 
 greetings from the sororities were an encouragement to the 
 new organization. Because of this hearty welcome into the 
 world of Greeks, many early difficulties and trials were not 
 
 experienced by Theta Sigma. 
 
 The records of the individual 
 students making up the sorority 
 were well and favorably known ; 
 working together with a common 
 aim enabled them to make good pro- 
 gress. After two years of sorority 
 life, this tribute was paid the chap- 
 ter: "There is but one common 
 testimony as to the social and intel- 
 lectual excellence of the individuals 
 in Theta Sigma. In every way they 
 stand today tin; equal in ability. 
 
 Miss Rowley W()rlh and " college esteem with the 
 
 long established sororities." The earnestness of the sorority 
 met with genuine appreciation in the college world and its 
 growth was steady. The founders were: Edith Rowley, '05; 
 Katherine M. McAlister, '00; Mabel E. Deane, '0G; Florence L. 
 Bates, '07; Wynona M. Baker, '08; Lucy II. Wright, '08. The 
 Freshmen members were: May E. Hart, Edith J. Thompson, 
 Erma M. Kibler and Josette II. Beebe. 
 
 The first home of the sorority was in the Library. In the 
 fall of 1905, the present sorority suites in Hilling's Hall were 
 finished and Theta Sigma chose the rooms now occupied by 
 Alpha Gamma Delta. 
 
 The early struggles incident to establishment and growth 
 were not dissimilar to those of any local fraternity. But never 
 in her history did Theta Sigma regret the steps taken in 
 founding a new sorority or encounter difficulties that were not 
 overcome. Its growth has been steady, its development well 
 balanced and its enthusiasm never failing. 
 
 As the fraternity gained in strength and perfected its orga- 
 nization, a grand chapter was formed with officers and an 
 annual convention. If had made a distinct and well recognized 
 
 [ -?41 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 place for itself and received the unsolicited recognition from 
 the other sororities of an invitation to join the Pan-Heavenly 
 organization. 
 
 Advances had been received from several of the smaller 
 national sororities but were rejected as unsuitable. The fra- 
 ternity was strong in itself and saw nothing to be gained from 
 an alliance with these societies. Finally Alpha Gamma Delta 
 and Theta Sigma entered upon negotiations which resulted in 
 an affiliation in 1910. On Feb. 23 of that year, Kappa of Alpha 
 Gamma Delta was installed with appropriate ceremonies by 
 officers from the parent chapter in Syracuse. A marked simi- 
 larity in forms, ideals and government made the transition 
 easy. Under the new name, the former strong sorority life and 
 high ideals of Theta Sigma have been upheld. 
 
 The sorority has graduated thirty-eight members, three- 
 fourths of all its initiates up to 1912. In the ten years of its 
 life it has had five presidents of the Y. W. C. A. The first 
 president of the Student Government Association was a mem- 
 ber of Theta Sigma. Several alumni have taken advanced 
 work in universities. Oratorical and society prizes, athletic 
 honors and class and club officers verify the early promise and 
 high ideals of participation in all avenues of college life set 
 before the members. Two members have received the A. M. 
 degree from the college. 
 
 The active and alumni membership at present numbers 
 sixty-nine. The following have been elected to the Phi Beta 
 Kappa Society: Mabel E. Deane, '00; Lillian Hepfinger, '08; 
 Rose M. Kauffman, '10; Ethel M. Berry, '10; Margaret Hyde 
 Beebe, '10; Mollie Bassett. '11. Thr^e members have been in 
 the faculty of the Preparatory School. 
 
 The courage and strength of youth and the enthusiasm of 
 real attainment give Alpha Gamma Delta a foundation which 
 she believes will make the opportunities of the second century 
 of Allegheny an added stimulus to high endeavor for the col- 
 lege, to a strong life in the sorority and a wider influence on 
 the world through her members as they go out into life. 
 
 Mollie Bassett, '11. 
 
 [ 342 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 THE COMMONS CLUB 
 
 The Commons Club, the newest of the fraternal organiza- 
 tions, is the outgrowth of a loose organization of the non 
 fraternity men of the college, known as the Teutonic Associ- 
 ation. This association, which was supposed automatically 
 to include in its membership all non-fraternity men, had as 
 practically its only function the holding of an annual ban- 
 quet, and this banquet Avas an affair of varying success. The 
 Toastmasters were as follows: in 1903, B. F. Williamson, in 
 1904, A. C. Saxman, in 1900, R. M. Stuntz, in 1907, C. W. Gill, 
 in 1908, W. L. McKinney, in 1909, Prof. J. 1). Hyskell, in 1910, 
 H. X. Gould. 
 
 During the year of 191.'} it was brought to the attention of 
 some members of the Teutonic Association that a national 
 organization of non-fraternity men, the Federation of Com- 
 mons Clubs, existed, but no definite action was taken until the 
 fall of 1914, when application was made to the Faculty for 
 permission to organize a Commons Club. The permission was 
 granted, and after the taking of various necessary steps, the 
 local club was installed as the Allegheny Chapter of the 
 National Federation of Commons Clubs on February .12, 1915. 
 The aim of the Commons Club is to secure for non-fraterni 
 ty men the same privileges, the same advantages and oppor- 
 tunities for development as are afforded to the members of 
 the older fraternities. It upholds the ideals of democracy, 
 service and brotherhood by extending these advantages to 
 every man, the only requirement for membership being that 
 of good moral character. The chapter has made excellent 
 progress, considering its youth. A large dwelling house on 
 North Main Street has been rented for a club-house, and most 
 of the members are now rooming there. The club has a mem- 
 bership of about twenty-five and there is every prospect of the 
 greatest future and growth and prosperity. 
 
 C. A. Nash, '10. 
 
 TEUTON I A 
 The non-sorority women of the college, who had long felt 
 the need of a closer organization, founded, in 1910, the Teu 
 
 [ 343 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 tonia Association, for the purpose of establishing a closer 
 social relationship and opportunity among all non-sorority 
 women of the college. The first officers were Oma B. Stoner, 
 1911, president; Ida F. Preston, 1911, vice-president; Kather- 
 ine Wheeling, 1912, treasurer; and Adelaide Eemler. 1912, 
 secretary. Other founders were Alice Strickland, l?xv- % Sey 
 mom", Jennie Goodrich, Viola Simpson and Lovina Saeger. 
 The organization received a vigorous impetus at the be- 
 ginning through the altruistic efforts and splendid enthusi- 
 asms of the founders; and its strong and steady growth indi 
 cates the fulfillment of a great need. Teutonia gives her mem- 
 bers opportunity for leadership, and supplies the encourage 
 ment and the training; her friendships are broad and all-em- 
 bracing; her ideals are wholesome; her standards high. Nor 
 The least of her efforts is to maintain a high scholastic standard 
 among her members; Teutonia has had, since 1910, more Phi 
 Beta Kappa members than any other woman's organization 
 in the college in the same time. The Teutonia women have 
 taken part in every phase of college life, and have been, by 
 individual personality and cooperative effort, a great fac- 
 tor for good in the college. 
 
 Louise Gould, '15. 
 
 ::44
 
 CHAPTER XI 
 
 THE FACULTY 
 
 X the length of service of the 
 members of the Faculty of Alle- 
 gheny College the record is al- 
 most as remarkable as that of 
 the eight presidents, another 
 serving but a single year, who 
 rounded out a century of offi- 
 cial activity, and of these the 
 present executive has yet a 
 good many days ahead of him. 
 Of the sixteen men who held 
 chairs of instruction from 1833 
 to 1883, the average duration 
 of a professorship was fifteen years. Only six men served less 
 than ten years. 
 
 Their connection with the college has been a very vital one. 
 Many a student in after years has realized that the personality 
 met in the class room was the most formative influence of his 
 career. Services have been rendered with a whole hearted 
 loyalty to Allegheny and a self sacrifice that place this body of 
 men in the front rank of the founders and the makers of the 
 college. 
 
 Bishop Matthew Simpson, vice-president of Allegheny Col- 
 lege and professor of natural philosophy and chemistry. 1837-9, 
 was born in Cadiz, O., June 21, 1811. His father .Tames came 
 from Tyrone county, Ireland, to America in 1793 and settled 
 at Pittsburgh. Engaging in manufacturing weavers' reeds, he 
 removed to Ohio, where he married in 180G Sarah T'mgley, a 
 member of the Methodist Church. Within a year after Mat- 
 thew's birth, the father died. An uncle Matthew directed the 
 education of the lad, who became well versed in Latin, Creek, 
 mathematics and the rudiments of Hebrew. The youth read 
 
 [ 345 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 widely and the counsels of the elder Matthew Simpson, who 
 was ten rears in the Ohio Senate, were of great practical 
 value to the ambitious scholar. 
 
 Dr. Homer .J. Clark, coming to Cadiz as the agent of Madi- 
 son College, fired his purpose to seek a higher education. After 
 
 Matthew Simpson, Vice-President, 1837-9 
 
 ji year in Madison, becoming a tutor there, he returned to Ohio 
 to teach school. He possessed ;ilso much mechanical skill, but 
 his final choice of ;i profession was medicine. After reading 
 three years, he began practice in .May. 1833. In July of the 
 same year his name was presented by his sponsor of Madison 
 
 [ 346 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 College, Dr. Charles Elliott, to the Pittsburgh Conference in 
 session at Meadville for admission as a preacher on trial. The 
 young physician gave up excellent prospects and a lucrative 
 business to enter the ministry. 
 
 After a year in the itinerancy, he was much discouraged, 
 but by the earnest advice of Matthew Tboburn, of St. Clairs- 
 ville, the father of Bishop J. M. Thoburn, he continued in the 
 work. Tbe next assignment was to Pittsburgh, in association 
 with Rev. William Hunter, later a professor in Allegheny. The 
 influence of Dr. Martin Ruter and Dr. Clark brought Matthew 
 Simpson to the college faculty at Meadville. He wrote of his 
 work thus: "I had charge of six classes, embracing those in 
 natural science, sometimes one or two in mathematics and 
 occasionally one in languages. The library of the college was 
 large for those days and among other books had a collection of 
 the church fathers in Greek and Latin, which I prized highly 
 and carefully read." 
 
 Dr. Elliott wrote him from the Western Christian Advo- 
 cate at Cincinnati to read the history of the Christian Church 
 and become acquainted with all the great questions of con- 
 troversy as found in the volumes of the Allegheny library. In 
 the note books of this professor of science are found outlines 
 on Origen, taken from the reply to Celsus, on Sale's Koran, 
 extracts on chemistry and mineralogy, abstracts of Calvin's 
 ''Institutes" and citations from Jonathan Edwards and Lyman 
 Beecher. It was a rich store house in Bentley Hall from which 
 to draw and one of his colleagues expressed the conviction that 
 the years spent in the professorship at Meadville advanced 
 Matthew Simpson more than any of the students. 
 
 The tenor of college life ran very evenly in the Thirties. 
 Professor Simpson dwelt in intimate relations with the stu- 
 dents. A group met on Sunday afternoons at his home to 
 read the Greek Testament. He visited the country miles 
 around to preach and assist in revival services. He regarded 
 his experience in Allegheny as contributing much to his later 
 usefulness. After his success at Asbtiry University, he refused 
 other college presidencies and became editor of the Advocate 
 at Cincinnati in 1848. His opposition to slavery made him 
 
 [ 347 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 in 1S52 a Bishop and during the war the fame of his elo- 
 quence as the champion of the North tilled the nation. Bishop 
 Simpson returned to Meadville in various official relations 
 through the years. The student body felt itself much honored 
 when he presided in January, 1865, at a session of the Alle- 
 gheny Literary Society of which organization he was an hon- 
 orary member. The college has a just pride in the career of 
 its early professor and adopted son. 
 
 William M. Burtox, A. M., preceptor, 1S35, professor of 
 ancient languages, 1836, of mathematics, 183740, was born in 
 Connecticut in 1808, and removed to Erie County, Pa., in 1812. 
 He was a student at Madison College and completed his train- 
 ing at AVesleyan University in 1834. He was admitted to the 
 Erie Conference at the time of its formation in Meadville in 
 1836. Burton was a competent instructor and preached with 
 acceptance. When he resigned his chair, he withdrew from 
 the Methodist Episcopal church to enter the Protestant Epis- 
 copal. He became rector of St. John's Church, Cleveland, in 
 1842. He died in Michigan in 1854. 
 
 Rev. George W. Clarke, D 1)., Class of 1S35, professor of 
 Greek and Latin languages, 1837-1843, vice-president and pro- 
 fessor of Greek, 1846-1854, was the first member of the Faculty 
 who was an alumnus of the college. He was born in Stark 
 County, Ohio, -Inly 10, 1810, and at the time of his death. July 
 18, 1802. at Akron. Ohio, lie was the oldest living graduate of 
 Allegheny. Early proposing to enter the ministry of the Meth- 
 odist Church, he enrolled in Western Reserve College at Hud- 
 son. Ohio. He was admitted into the Pittsburgh Conference 
 and finished his Senior year in Allegheny College. After two 
 years in the pastorate he was called by his alma muter to its 
 staff. 
 
 As a teacher, he was a general favorite with the students. 
 The professor was very tall and slim, mild mannered and a 
 model of courtesy. While he was dignified, he was always ap- 
 proachable by his classes. He was not severe in his require- 
 ments in the class room, but willing to excuse delinquencies. 
 At the time the college closed he served as pastor in James- 
 town, X. Y. 
 
 [ 348 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 He was one of the leading men in the Erie Conference at its 
 animal sessions. He early espoused the anti-slavery cause, 
 when it was very unpopular to be an abolitionist. He contin- 
 ued in all the stormy times that followed a prudent but able 
 
 advocate of freedom. He 
 was sent as a delegate to 
 the historic General Con- 
 ference of 1844. He was 
 also a member of the Con- 
 ference of 1848, of 185G, in 
 fact of six quadrennial 
 Methodist gatherings. 
 
 Professor Clarke was a 
 zealous defender of the 
 doctrines and practices of 
 his denomination. He en- 
 gaged in a debate of sev- 
 eral days with an eminent 
 Presbyterian clergyman 
 in Mercer County, Pa., on 
 the principles of Calvin- 
 ism. In Meadville, he 
 look part in the controver- 
 sy with the Unitarians at 
 the time Calvin Kingsley 
 was giving a series of ad- 
 dresses in defense of the 
 Trinitarian position. Clarke also while teaching wrote a 
 treatise entitled "Christ Crucified", discussing the leading 
 tenets of orthodoxy. 
 
 In 1854 he returned to the active pastorate, serving the 
 leading churches and being presiding elder. When the East 
 Ohio Conference was formed in 187(5, he became a member and 
 was appointed financial agent of Allegheny College, continu- 
 ing until 1880. lie then came to the Erie Conference and was 
 an assistant pastor in Meadville, 1883-1885, when he took a 
 superanuated relation, lie was made a Trustee of Allegheny 
 
 [ 340 ] 
 
 Professor George W. Clarke
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 College in 1870. His ambition was to round out fifty years of 
 service in his church. He was permitted to receive fifty-two 
 appointments. 
 
 The fine Christian character of Dr. Clarke was reinforced 
 by good sense, excellent judgment and clear thinking. He was 
 a man of determination and of energy. The spirit oL youth 
 never seemed to desert him. In his later years, with his white 
 hair, serene features and tall form, he was an impressive figure. 
 
 Kobert T. P. Allen, professor of civil engineering and 
 adjunct professor of mathematics, 1838-1842, was born in 
 Maryland and from that State was appointed to the U. S. 
 Military Academy at West Point, July 1, 1830. In 1834, he 
 became second lieutenant of the First Artillery. He was in 
 the Seminole war, fighting in the skirmish of Okihumphy 
 Swamp, March 30, 1836. He resigned July 1, 1830, and became 
 an engineer in the service of the United States, superintending 
 harbor improvements on Lake Erie, 1836-8. He was licensed 
 to preach in the Erie Conference and invited to Allegheny to 
 teach. 
 
 He was a sprightly little man, of a very friendly disposi- 
 tion. He had a slight impediment of speech. His own atten- 
 tiveness and quickness of conception did not always have a 
 ready response from the students and their slowness had a 
 tendency to fret him. But the new subject of civil engineering 
 was very popular in the college and the instruction was thor- 
 ough and practical. Professor Allen was lost to Allegheny 
 with its reverses and Transylvania University was the gainer 
 for a few years. In 1847, he became the superintendent of 
 the Kentucky Military Institute; in 1857, he took charge of 
 the Bastrop Military Institute, Texas. In 1861, Allen went 
 into the Confederate army. From 1866 to 1874, he was again 
 superintendent of the Kentucky Military School at Franklin 
 Springs, ne was drowned in the Kissimmee River, Fla., July 
 0, 1888. 
 
 Rev. Jonathan Hamxktt, D. D., Class of 1830, professor 
 of Latin, 184.*)-1874, professor of mathematics and astronomy. 
 
 [ :?r,o 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 1874-1882, professor of philosophy, 1882-1885, librarian, 1885- 
 1906, vice-president, 1863-1885. No alumnus of Allegheny ever 
 
 had the distinction of 
 knowing every student 
 for more than half a 
 century save Dr. Ham- 
 nett. No other man 
 gave 60 years of his life 
 to his alma mater as 
 did he. Born in Pitts- 
 burgh on Jan. 10, 1816, 
 he acquired early a 
 grounding in the com- 
 mon branches here and 
 became a bookkeeper. 
 
 He united with the 
 Methodist church and 
 sat under the preaching 
 of Dr. Martin Ruter 
 The young man was 
 ambitious for a higher 
 education and Rev. Mat- 
 thew Simpson, then sta- 
 tioned at Liberty Street Church, encouraged him to go to 
 Allegheny College. Before young Hamnett with two com- 
 panions started on a summer day in 1836 to walk to Meadville, 
 the party went to the study of the pastor for a parting prayer. 
 The preacher at Pittsburgh sent minute counsels to the stu- 
 dent about his work and soon came himself to the Faculty. 
 
 Our future professor had ten dollars when he left for 
 college. He, like many others of the time, boarded himself. 
 He was a leader in the Allegheny Literary Society, *:he tem- 
 perance movement and other student affairs. After gradua- 
 tion he conducted a flourishing academy at Wellsville, Ohio. 
 He was ordained by Bishop Roberts as a deacon and advanced 
 to elders' orders in the Pittsburgh Conference. In 1845, he 
 returned to Meadville to take a place in the reopened college, 
 under the new scholarship plan of Dr. Clark. 
 
 [ 351 ] 
 
 Rev. Jonathan Hamnett, D. D.
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Dr. Hamnett, as professor and citizen, rounded out a beau- 
 tiful, useful life of ninety-four years, passing away August 29, 
 1910. Presidents and Faculty members came and went, but 
 the genial Doctor held his way serenely. Much of the admin- 
 istrative responsibility of the college fell upon him during the 
 ill health of Presidents Loomis and Bugbee. He was deeply 
 interested in the material improvement of the college and the 
 town. He traveled much in the soliciting of funds for various 
 causes. 
 
 The professor of Latin was devoted to his work, though 
 his interests were not exclusively confined to his department. 
 Dr. Hamnett until the close of his life was a wide reader and 
 a ready speaker on many topics. He was active in the Lit- 
 erary Union of Meadville and prepared for it an excellent 
 sketch of the early Allegheny. He was the man eminently 
 fitted by intimate contact with the long line of makers and 
 benefactors of the college to have written its history. 
 
 As a teacher he held his students to their tasks. All did 
 not take kindly to the dead languages and for them his repri- 
 mand was unsparing. One of the boys of the Fifties relates 
 an incident of the class room, betraying the feelings of the de- 
 linquents: ''the professor sat at the corner of the mantle by 
 the old grate. One day before his entrance for the ten o'clock 
 period, the boys with a red hot poker burned into the oaken 
 floor, in front of his accustomed seat in a spot where his eyes 
 must fall, the sentiment, 'Hie jacet Hamnett.' " 
 
 After a record of teaching for forty years, when most men 
 retire, he took charge of the library and gave another quar- 
 ter century of service to the college. It is as a librarian 
 that the larger number of alumni now living remember Dr. 
 Hamnett. In the rooms on the third floor of Ruter Hall he 
 ruled over the kingdom of books. A catalogue written in his 
 own careful hand still remains. Many anecdotes are told of 
 how he enforced the rules of the library. Coeducation as an 
 affair of conversation between the sexes did not obtain in its 
 precincts. The thoughtless student, who tilted back in the 
 chair as ho read, heard a voice at his ear, "young man, a chair 
 has four legs." 
 
 [ :>,r>2 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 A lasting monument of the interest of Dr. Hamnett in 
 Methodism is the Stone Church in Meadville. In his official 
 relation to the structure lie observed every stone that went 
 into the foundation. He was present much of the time as 
 the walls were rising. As this sanctuary stands today im- 
 pressive in its large proportions and enduring strength, so 
 Dr. Hamnett in his college responsibilities endeavored to 
 build men and women into vigorous, symmetrical character. 
 
 His interest in students was keen and warm. His home was 
 the haven of very many through the decades. His relations 
 were intimate and confidential with not a few. The professor 
 kept his heart young always so as to attract the friendship 
 of the undergraduates. He seldom forgot a student whom 
 he had met in his long career. After a half century by the 
 tone of the voice he could name the speaker. Yisitors to 
 Meadville brought frequently the message from alumni widely 
 scattered, "tell Dr. Hamnett that you saw us and give him 
 our greeting." 
 
 The college delighted to honor him for his faithful pro- 
 tracted labors. Upon his ninetieth anniversary in 1006 a 
 unique service was held in Ford Memorial Chapel. Roses 
 from the college classes and purses of gold from Trustees and 
 alumni were testimonials of esteem. At night an illumin- 
 ation of the campus amid the January snow and a great re- 
 ception in the beautiful library marked the year of Dr. Han - 
 nett's retirement from active duties. By a special ruling, he 
 was then placed on the pension list of the Carnegie Founda- 
 tion. 
 
 The good Doctor was a man of simplicity and of gener- 
 osity. His urbanity, accompanied by a gracious dignity, won 
 for him a universal esteem and love. He attained a serenity 
 of soul that made his presence a benediction. He had a di- 
 versity of talent, but always gave of his best to the college. 
 He felt he was directly called of God to his work in Alle- 
 gheny. He was an example of whole-hearted devotion to his 
 alma mater. Bishop Thoburn in the memorial service of 1910 
 said of him. "1 have never known a man to make so much 
 
 [ J553 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 out of a life time." He was a Trustee of the college from 
 1805 to 1910. 
 
 At his own fireside Dr. Hamuett was a rare spirit. Here 
 in his latter clays he held court over many devoted friends 
 and admirers. He kept accurately informed on public affairs. 
 He was generous in appreciation of all progress. He rejoiced 
 fervently in the notable advance of the college in the new 
 ceutury. His life viewed as a whole was like a perfect day 
 with a lingering beautiful twilight and there remained to 
 make it complete, as he passed August 29, 1910, the boundary 
 into the larger existence, only the Master's, "Well done.' 
 High in Allegheny's Hall of Fame stands the name of Jona- 
 than Hamnett, '39, teacher, gentleman, philosopher and Chris- 
 tian. 
 
 Rev. Moses Crow, D. D., principal of the preparatory de- 
 partment, 1841-3, entered Allegheny College in 1831 from 
 Smethport, Pa. He took work in the Methodist ministry the 
 next year, but returned to Meadville to finish his studies in 
 1810. He was greatly prized as a teacher and regarded as 
 one of the ablest alumni. But he preferred the pulpit to the 
 class room and transferred from the Erie to the Genesee Con- 
 ference. The college in its new prosperity in 1S1G sought to 
 regain him in the Faculty, but he remained in important pas- 
 torates in New York until 1852, when he became the principal 
 of Genesee AYesleyan Seminary and later a professor in 
 Genesee College. Ill health overtaking him, after a period of 
 inactivity, he died at Geneva, N. Y., in 1859. 
 
 Rev. Lorenzo 1). Williams, A. M., professor of natural 
 sciences. 1815-02. vice-president 1857-03. was born in Cazen- 
 ovia. N. Y.. in 1813, the son of Rev. Benajah Williams, a mem- 
 ber of the Genesee Methodist Conference. After his course 
 in the seminary at Lima, where Professor John Barker was 
 one of his instructors, he was licensed to preach and later 
 became a member of the Erie Conference. He came to his 
 work at Allgheny with a fine record of several years' teach- 
 ing. He was small of stature, stout, of an active mind and 
 versatile attainments. 
 
 [ 354 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Professor Williams was a man of vigor and enthusiasm, 
 prosecuting his work with an energy that inspired his classes. 
 His Christian faith was a dominant characteristic and in his 
 teaching of the sciences it never occurred to him that his dc- 
 
 Eev. Lorenzo D. Williams, A. M. 
 
 partment led to any conflict with religious truths. His bril- 
 liant services in the class room gave reputation to the college. 
 He was active in the community, often giving popular lectures 
 and carrying on outside investigations. Chemistry, astron- 
 omy, mineralogy and geology were the prescribed courses in 
 college, geology being the favorite study of the instructor. 
 
 After a long inactive relation to the Erie Conference, he 
 was readmitted in 1855 and took his stand in that body with 
 
 [ 355 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 the resolute company of Allegheny professors and alumni, 
 who were the persistent champions of the anti-slavery cause. 
 Professor Williams was an able controversialist and Ms arti- 
 cles on freedom appeared often in the local and church papers. 
 When Professor Kingsley became the editor of a denomina- 
 tional periodical, he succeeded him as vice president of Alle- 
 gheny. He was a fearless advocate of the principles of the 
 new Republican party and, as war drew nigh, his voice was 
 resolute against the South. 
 
 The professor encouraged the patriotism of the Allegheny 
 College Volunteers and sent his two sons into the army. In 
 1862, he joined the 111th Reg't as chaplain. After two years 
 campaigning he entered the active ministry; among various 
 appointments, being assistant pastor of the First Church, 
 Meadville, and acting as financial agent of the college. From 
 1857 to 1878 he was a member of the Centenary Board of the 
 Erie Conference. He maintained a lively interest in public 
 affairs, being a vigorous supporter of local option. This posi- 
 tion of his led to curious hoax in 1873 sprung by two liquor 
 opponents. They spread the report he had been killed in a 
 runaway near his farm east of town. The news got into the 
 Cleveland Leader and an obituary was being printed by the 
 Christian Advocate, when a correction reached Pittsburgh 
 and stopped the presses. 
 
 Professor Williams held the office of postmaster of Mead- 
 ville from 1873 to 1878. He was an influential and highly 
 respected citizen, .lust the week before his demise, he con- 
 tributed to the church periodical a remarkable article ex- 
 pressive of his personal creed and entitled, "For now we know 
 in part." His death came suddenly, October 14, 1878. 
 
 Rev. William Hunter, D. D., professor of Hebrew and 
 Biblical Literature, 1857-70, was born in Ireland, May 20, 181! 
 and came to eastern Pennsylvania when a child. Hearing of 
 Madison College he travelled on foot westward to enter as a stu- 
 dent in 1830. Here he became a protege of Professor Charles 
 Elliott and entered the Pittsburgh Conference when the college 
 was closed. So well had he profited by his draining and so 
 
 [ 356 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 favorably was his worth esteemed that within two years after 
 the founding of the Conference Journal, the young preacher 
 was elected its editor, holding the place from 1836 1o 1840. 
 Again, the General Conference of Methodism chose him t 
 
 Rev. William Hunter D. D. 
 
 same position for two quadrenniuins, 1844 to 1852, the period- 
 ical being named the Pittsburgh Christian Advocate. 
 
 Dr. Hunter in all these years was the firm friend of Alle- 
 gheny College and the editorial columns never lost an oppor- 
 tunity to urge the claims of the institution upon its Meth- 
 odist readers. Accordingly when the Biblical Department was 
 created in 1855, Dr. Hunter was invited to take direction of 
 it. He showed much zeal for the new foundation and created
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 a strong esprit de corps among the ministerial students. He 
 organized the Biblical Literary Society and contributed large- 
 ly to the increase of the religious life of the college. 
 
 The Biblical professor was a man of solid attainments. 
 He was plain and unpretentious in appearance, rather easy 
 going in the class room. Dr. Hunter was modest and humble 
 in the estimate of the undoubted powers that he possessed. 
 He disclaimed to use any of the arts of the orator, but his 
 sterling thoughts did not fail to be expressed in a clear com- 
 pact manner. He had a big mind and was distinctively a 
 character builder. 
 
 The new program in the Methodist Church for theological 
 training made the Biblical course in Allegheny less important 
 and in 1870 Dr. Hunter resigned his chair to reenter the 
 ministry. In 1ST2 he once more became the editor of the 
 Advocate at Pittsburgh for four years, and then being a mem- 
 ber of the East Ohio Conference, he came to his death in 
 Cleveland, October 18, 1877, when it seemed several years of 
 active service were yet before him. Memorial services were 
 held in Allegheny College and the Stone Church, Meadville. 
 He was esteemed by all for his integrity aud ability. In the 
 editorial and professorial chairs he wielded an influence that 
 has gone out to wide areas. As a hynmologist, his stanzas re- 
 ceived an international circulation, many of them being trans 
 lated and reproduced in various lands. One of his best 
 known hymns is "My heavenly home is bright and fair." 
 
 Rev. James Marvin, D. D., was born in Clinton County 
 X. Y., in 1820. Working on a farm in his young manhood 
 he attended at intervals Keysville Academy. Clearing land 
 as a pioneer, and teaching school in the winters, he acquired 
 the means eventually to prepare further in Alfred Academy 
 for a college training in Allegheny, from whence he was 
 graduated in 1851. He returned to Alfred Academy, now 
 known as Alfred University, to teach for five years, then held 
 a city superintendence* in Ohio. He came in 1802 to his alma 
 mater to be professor of mathematics, a chair that had not 
 
 [ :>,~>8 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 been regularly filled since the departure of Calvin Kingsley 
 in 1856. 
 
 Professor Marvin was licensed to preach by the Methodist 
 Church in 1855. He was admitted to the Pittsburgh Confer- 
 
 Rev. James Marvin, D. D, 
 
 ence in 1863. In Allegheny College for a dozen years he was 
 one of the strong men of the Faculty. He was an excellent 
 teacher, of winning personality, and greatly respected and 
 beloved by the student body. He published a text on arith- 
 metic. His labors at Meadville constantly developed him and 
 he was recognized as a man of energy and power. 
 
 Though Allegheny was in search of a president in 1874. 
 
 [ 359 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 it was the University of Kansas that called James Marvin 
 to its executive chair. When he took charge in January, 
 1875, there were two hundred students. When he resigned 
 as chancellor eight years later the institution had an enroll- 
 ment of six hundred, every county in the state being repre- 
 sented. He had entire charge of the educational and finan- 
 cial interests in this period and his is the praise for the large 
 success. In truth he literally made the University. By mas- 
 terful planning, tactful effort, perennial enthusiasm and a 
 great personal influence among all classes of men he brought 
 this educational plant in a great state to be an object of 
 affectionate pride to all Kansas. It was said of the chancel- 
 lor that he sought the personal acquaintance of every student 
 on the campus, and was loved as a father by all the matricu- 
 lates. 
 
 Dr. Marvin was called at once in 1SS4 by the U. S. Gov- 
 ernment to organize the Haskell Indian Institute. The edu- 
 cation of the red man was a new field, but the program he 
 worked out became the accepted policy of his successors. 
 After an effective pastorate of several years in Lawrence, 
 Kansas, he took a superannuated relation and passed to his 
 final reward, .Inly 11, 1901. Few if any sons of Alleghenv 
 have wrought more worthily than the pastor, the professor, 
 the chancellor, the Reverend James Marvin, D. L). 
 
 Jeremiah Tingley, Ph. 1)., LL. 1)., professor of natural 
 science, 1803-1880, was born in Cadiz. O., May 12, 1820. His 
 relationship to Matthew Simpson led him to Asbury Uni- 
 versity, where his uncle was president. He was graduated 
 in 1S.~>0 with honor and taught in the new Wesleyan Female 
 College. Cleveland Military School and Baldwin Institute, 
 later University. He came to Allegheny in the midst of the 
 Civil War as the successor of Professor L. 1). Williams. 
 
 The science department had enjoyed no small popularity 
 in the past, but the. labors of Professor Tingley brought to 
 Allegheny a reputation far beyond the borders of the State. 
 He was an indefatigable worker and had the ideal enthusiasm 
 of the naturalist for his subject. Hut better than these char- 
 
 I :\m 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 acteristics, he w.is a teachei par excellence. He knew how to 
 impart inspiration to his students. His methods were pro 
 gressive. Science was not an affair of hooks, but of indi- 
 vidual experimentation. 
 
 Jeremiah Tingley, Ph. D., LL. D. 
 
 The vacations of Dr. Tingley were given to personal 
 study. He spent a summer with Agassiz at Penikese. He 
 traveled in Europe, making collections of scientific litera- 
 ture. He was the careful cataloguer of portions of the vain- 
 able cabinets secured during the Loomis administration. 
 One of his ambitions was to secure specimens of the im- 
 portant plant life of Northwestern Pennsylvania. The equip- 
 ment of his laboratories was fairly complete for the period 
 and the training in science was second to that of no other 
 course offered in the institution. 
 
 [ 361 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 But strong as this teacher was professionally, his person- 
 al charm was even more potent. No man in the Faculty for 
 a score of years was so generally beloved. The regard of 
 the alumni for Dr. Tingley is something akin to the reverence 
 the oldest graduates now feel for President John Barker. 
 His home in Bentley was a place of royal hospitality. He 
 was an earnest advocate of the higher education of women, 
 conducting with Professor Hyde a ladies' school in Mead- 
 ville before coeducation began in Allegheny. 
 
 The man was a gracious embodiment of culture in its 
 truest sense. He was a patron of the fine arts ami music. 
 In Meadville he led the choir of the Stone Church for several 
 years. In his declining days the works of the great masters 
 of melody were his constant solace. He had a passion for 
 books and kept abreast of the times in his subject, even after 
 he had retired. In his library on the Northside, Pittsburgh, 
 there was this sentiment on its walls, '"The library is but a 
 land of shadows. The hosts of thought are dwellers here. 
 And thought is life." 
 
 After Dr. Tingley's departure from Allegheny College, he 
 took the chair of chemistry in the West Penn Medical Col- 
 lege. He also entered the corps of instructors of the Alle- 
 gheny City High School. For twenty years he continued as 
 an active teacher, rounding out a service in the profession 
 of over sixty years. He retired with much honor in 1907 and 
 for the last two years had been confined to his home in Pitts- 
 burgh. On May 29, 1915, he passed away at the age of eighty- 
 nine. 
 
 Many thousand students in college, medical and high 
 school have been under his instruction and for him tbey have 
 ever maintained the first place in their affection. His quaint, 
 modest home on Sturgeon street has been a Mecca for numer- 
 ous pilgrimages from all parts of Pittsburgh and many dis- 
 tant places. Frequent tokens of regard came to the aged, 
 failing professor. His memory is preserved in Allegheny Col- 
 lege by the Tingley Biological Club. A handsome portrait 
 
 [ 362 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 of him, the gift of the alumni of the Seventies and Eighties, 
 will adorn the new Alden Hall of Biology. 
 
 Dr. J. M. Thoburn, Jr., '81, lias paid this beautiful tribute 
 to his professor, "The charm of his life was his simple trust 
 in <iod, as he sought and mastered the secrets and forces 
 of God's natural world. Greater than his intellectual work 
 was the inspiration of his personal life. To live again in 
 the virtue and the happiness of his students was his greatest 
 ambition. And as long as one of them lives, he being dead 
 will still speak." 
 
 Professor Amnii B. Hyde 
 
 In the period after the Civil War, in the administrations 
 of Presidents Loomis, Bugbee and Wheeler, no member of 
 the Faculty had so pronounced an individuality as did Ammi 
 B. Hyde. He was professor of Greek language and literature, 
 1864 to 1875, of Greek and Hebrew, 1875 to 1877, of Hebrew 
 
 [ 303 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 and English. 1S77 to 1SS0, of Hebrew and Biblical literature. 
 
 1880 to 1884. 
 
 He was born in Oxford, X. Y., March 13, 182."). He was 
 early prepared in Greek, Latin and Hebrew and at eighteen 
 years of age entered Wesleyan University. Here he excelled 
 as a student, winning election to the Phi Beta Kappa Society 
 upon his graduation in 1816. He became at once teacher of 
 languages in Cazenovia Seminary, being eminently useful in 
 many capacities and in a term of fifteen years developing his 
 unique personality. While in college he had been licensed to 
 preach and in 18G2 he went into the active ministry in the 
 Genesee Conference. Patriotism was a dominant character- 
 istic of Professor Hyde and nearing the age of forty he volun- 
 teered for service in the Union Army. All his life, physical 
 activity has been his pride, but he was not accepted for the 
 ranks in 1864, being sent into the U. S. Sanitary Commission. 
 
 After a year in Virginia with General Grant, the professor 
 took the chair in Allegheny College, vacated by Alexander 
 Martin. He was now in the prime of life and gave himself 
 vigorously for twenty years to the service of I he college. He 
 was the zealous supporter of the programs of his superiors, 
 appeared in many educational conferences and gained a wide 
 reputation as a lecturer and writer. He was an eloquent ex- 
 ponent of the cordial relations of town and gown. As the 
 orator at the planting of the Centennial Oak on the Diamond, 
 duly 4, 1870, he said: "In another hundred years our city will 
 even then be young. The college will look on the Court House 
 and the Court House will look on the Diamond, still blest 
 with summer greenness beneath sun and rain. The college 
 enlarged by generous patrons will dispense its garnered 
 wealth, rich in all resources. Around this Diamond will 
 still be temples of Justice and Religion to repress the dis- 
 orders of this and inspire hopes of the life to come." 
 
 Professor Hyde was widely famed for his wit. 1 1 is ban 
 mots are yet repeated. His humor was distinctly original. 
 It made him the life of social gatherings and added much 
 spice to the (lass room. While his jocosoness was perennial 
 
 [ 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 he kept his fun within bounds. He was deemed by not a few 
 though as an eccentric man, but his very mannerisms height- 
 ened the influence of his personality, lie was a vigorous 
 molding force of the student life of Allegheny and as an ex- 
 ponent of the classics ancient and modern set a high standard 
 of scholarship in the college for a score of years. 
 
 Denver University called him in 1884 to he professor of 
 Greek and here in the west the professor renewed his youth, 
 teaching a quarter of a century more. In 1915, at the age of 
 ninety, his mind is yet acute. While in Meadville, he began 
 his literary activities, becoming a well known religious ex- 
 positor and writing much for the church periodicals. He has 
 published volumes of poems and essays and ''The Story of 
 Methodism." Bishop Wm. F. McDowell has given the follow 
 ing fine characterization of Dr. Hyde, " graduate of old Wes 
 leyan in the days of Fisk and Olin, a worthy associate of a 
 long line of scholars, a contemporary of the great of all ages, 
 a citizen of all centuries, teacher of literature, interpreter of 
 literature, maker of literature; living definition of the histor- 
 ic Christian scholar; loyal disciple of the truth, faithful be- 
 liever in Christ and true friend of God." 
 
 Charles W. Beid, A. M., professor of modern languages 
 and of the history of fine arts, 1872-77, of Greek, 1877-86, was 
 born June 10, 1843 at Brandywine Manor, Chester County, 
 Pa. He prepared for college at the Philadelphia High School 
 and was graduated from Dickinson in 1804. He made a 
 brilliant record as a student and after teaching a while spent 
 three years in post-graduate work in the German universities. 
 He succeeded at Allegheny in the chair of modern languages 
 the capable Professor George Comfort, who had been called 
 To Syracuse University. 
 
 Professor Beid came to his work with high ideals of schol- 
 arship and a splendid equipment for teaching. He intro- 
 duced the newer methods of instruction in languages, especial- 
 ly that of the written lesson, and became the drill master of 
 the Faculty. When he was transferred to the Greek Depart- 
 ments following Dr. Hyde, he maintained similar rigid stand- 
 
 [ MX ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 ards. The professor was a man of excellent judgement and 
 executive ability, contributing much to the successful admin- 
 istration of the college. He was active in the church affairs 
 of the town. After his resignation he became professor of 
 
 Professor Charles W. Reid, A. M. 
 
 Greek in St. John's College. Maryland, and from 1889 to 1903 
 was president of Washington College, Chestertown, Md. He 
 now lives at Milford, Del. 
 
 Professor George W. Haskixs was horn in Crawford 
 County, Pennsylvania. May '21, 1842. He was early ambitious 
 for self improvement. At fourteen he was teaching a coun- 
 try school. He finally gained the means to study in the 
 Meadville Academy and to complete the course in Allegheny 
 College in 1804. He made an excellent record, displaying 
 much literary talent. Serving as principal of the local
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 academy, he also began the study of law. Admitted to the 
 bar, he formed a partnership with Hon. J. J. Henderson. 
 
 In a few years, Mr. Haskins returned to the teaching pro- 
 fession, filling the position of superintendent of Meadville pub- 
 
 Professor George W. Haskins 
 
 lie schools with marked efficiency in 1872-."). ne then re- 
 signed to become the professor of Latin in Allegheny College, 
 occupying the chair for eleven years. He brought to his new 
 duties a thorough scholarship and the accurate methods of a 
 competent, rigorous teacher. His strong intellectual powers 
 and cultured personality enabled him to exert ;i profound in- 
 fluence upon the student body. 
 
 Bishop Oldham in the centennial exercises said that Pro- 
 fessor Haskins put more Latinity into his students than a 
 modern university president could use. His teaching brought 
 a new r sense of the value of learning. In his class room Home 
 
 [ 367 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 lived again. If he was critical, it was because he was ac- 
 curate. Lex Scripta was his maxim : "This is written law." 
 The task he set for others he set for himself. He believed 
 that students were in college for a purpose. The slothful and 
 shallow fellow could expect the sting of his sarcasm. He ad 
 hered rigidly to a lofty ideal of rectitude for himself as an 
 instructor. 
 
 Professor Haskins in his relations was courteous and 
 gracious. Several of the most successful alumni of Allegheny 
 count him as the most stimulating factor of their college ca 
 reers. He stood for the standardization of college work, and 
 the advance made in the administration of the class rooms 
 and the coordination of records in the various courses was 
 due to his labors. In 1885-6 he was the vice president of the 
 college. 
 
 When Professor Haskins resumed the practice of the law. 
 forming a partnership with Mr. ,T. O. McClintock, '72, he at 
 once took first rank at the bar. For twenty years because of 
 his thorough knowledge, his accurate judgement, his strong 
 logic and his keen analytical talent he was the admiration 
 and the emulation of his legal associates. His death came 
 suddenly November 8, 1906. In the community Professor 
 Haskins had stood conspicuous as a man of integrity and 
 power. He is best remembered for his courageous righteous- 
 ness and his rectitude of conduct and speech. He was a pub- 
 lic spirited citizen, who served the town in many capacities. 
 He was a valuable Trustee of Allegheny College and an in- 
 fluential leader in the First M. E. Church. 
 
 JAMES HARDING MONTGOMERY, '77. 
 
 "HUMANITY CROWNED HIM LIKE A KING." 
 
 James IF. Montgomery was a product of northwestern 
 Pennsylvania. He was born near Conneautville October 29, 
 1852. After country and private schooling, he entered Alle 
 gheny as a preparatory student. He paid his own way 
 through college, acting as laboratory assistant when an upper 
 classman. After graduation in 1S77, lie taught in the pre- 
 
 [ 368 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 paratory school. In 1880 he received his Master's degree and 
 was made assistant professor. He became professor of natur- 
 al sciences in 1886, succeeding Dr. Tingley. When the chair 
 of biology and geology was founded in 1S!)(;, he took the de- 
 partment of physics and chemistry. 
 
 Professor James H. Montgomery 
 
 Illinois University conferred the degree of Doctor of Phil- 
 osophy upon the science professor in 1888. In the same year 
 he refused a call to the University of the Pacific. Dr. Mont 
 gomery was intensely devoted to his alma mater and declined 
 all financial inducements to leave its service. As a teacher 
 he was drafted in emergencies to give instruction in nearly 
 every subject of the curriculum save Hebrew and Greek. He 
 
 [ 369 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 was with the college in its modern transition and was spared 
 to participate in the new Allegheny. Serving twenty-seven 
 years as a teacher and fifteen years as vice president he came 
 to wield a great and good influence on the Hill. 
 
 Dr. Montgomery was equally influential in Meadville. He 
 was a trustee of various institutions, an official in several 
 organizations, a member of the school board, a leader in the 
 Methodist Church and an officer of the Sabbath School for a 
 score of years. In all these relations he was esteemed and be- 
 loved universally with the same fervor that the student body 
 and college authorities cherished for him. His pastor. Rev 
 L. C. Bugbee thus exquisitely defined his characteristics : "The 
 quality which perfectly represents the personality of Dr. 
 Montgomery in his humanness. Kindly, genial, unselfish, 
 faithful, real and all other lovable qualities of heart and mind 
 which the word human connotes. It is this which created in 
 him a peculiar genius for friendship among men of most 
 diverse types, binding them to him with hooks of steel. It 
 is this which made him to an unusual degree the confidant 
 and the confessor of many. The boy on the street and the 
 student in the college each felt that he was one with them 
 in sympathy and interest. It is this which made him so 
 familiar and beloved a figure in all the public and social life 
 of the community. For men always seize upon a "human" 
 when they find him. With a disposition so genial and so 
 genuine, lie was a favorite in every circle, while his sense 
 of honor and fail* play made him a worthy citizen whose part 
 in public life was nobly played." 
 
 The genius of Dr. Montgomery for friendship expressed 
 itself in a love for animals, birds and all living creatures. He 
 was much under the open sky and was always the protector 
 of the innocent things of nature. All life was reverenced by 
 him for what there was in it of God. His religious faith was 
 simple and fervent. The spiritual world was never far remote 
 from him. But religion was less a creed than a practical, 
 daily living in his thinking. 
 
 [>r. Montgomery was an enthusiastic teacher. He was 
 
 r ..7o l
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 industrious and progressive with large plans for his depart- 
 ment. The Wilcox Hall of Science was to him a Kingdom 
 and he worked steadily to have the tallest equipment in his 
 laboratories. He was an expert in the use of delicate scien- 
 tific apparatus. He was keen to keep abreast of the latest dis- 
 coveries. Within an hour after learning of the X-ray, he had 
 produced it before his classes. As a lecturer, he was first of 
 all clear, then thorough, suggestive and inspiring. He spoke 
 often on scientific themes in various cities. For a dozen years 
 he was instructor in physics in the summer school at Chau- 
 tauqua, N. Y. and one of the most popular lecturers before 
 the large assembly in the auditorium each season. 
 
 But our scientist was also a great teacher of manhood. 
 Whatever the technical subject, there went with it in Wilcox 
 Hall instruction in clean, vigorous, helpful conduct. He 
 knew the student limitations and problems. His tact and 
 versatility opened the way for illuminating talks. He was 
 always original, now witty, now serious, but always he made 
 his point and drove home the lesson. It was by example 
 more than by precept however that Dr. Montgomery was 
 most potent. His unselfish service gave an ideal that many 
 sons and daughters of Allegheny cherish through all their 
 lives. He too often burdened himself beyond his strength 
 in his desire to assist others. As an administrative officer by 
 his wisdom and skill he promoted greatly the unity and peace 
 of the student body. 
 
 As vice president in 1002-3 he performed the executive 
 duties largely of the college year. As the senior member of 
 the Faculty he anticipated a well earned vacation, for he was 
 about to have a sabbatic year abroad, when a malady of the 
 arteries compelled an operation. But he was too far spent 
 by his tireless labors at the post of duty and death followed 
 August 11, 1004. Rarely have men been mourned as was the 
 departed professor. The Stone Church Sabbath School paid 
 its tribute in a beautiful memorial window, depicting the 
 God's out-doors he so devotedlv loved. His name on the cam-
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 pus is preserved in the great Montgomery Field, where stu- 
 dent life has its buoyant, athletic expression. 
 
 President Crawford in the last rites at Ford Memorial 
 Chapel among other words pronounced this eulogy of deepest 
 appreciation. "For more than a decade, we have held close 
 counsel together and worked together. I respected him, hon- 
 ored him, depended upon him. He never failed those who 
 trusted him, and we all trusted him. * * * The life of Dr. Mont- 
 gomery was beautiful and fruitful, well rounded and sym 
 metrical ; a manly life ; a life devoted to the good of others ; 
 a life full of Christ-like thoughts and deeds. A life unsullied, 
 strong and helpful. Who can estimate the influence of such 
 a life as this? This chapel and the strains of the organ re- 
 call sacred associations with our beloved brother. "We shall 
 not forget him. We can not. His spirit it is with God, 
 and with us. In a secure place in our memory we shall put 
 up today a tablet and under the name of James Harding 
 Montgomery we shall write, 
 
 Scholar, Teacher, Friend 
 
 Wise counselor, generous helper, manly man 
 
 Lover of nature and lover of God." 
 
 Bishop Nai-thali LrccocK, professor of mathematics, 
 1885-6, professor of Greek and Latin, 1886-8, was born at 
 Kimbolton, O., September 28, 1853. He graduated from Ohio 
 Wesleyan University in 1874 and became a member of the 
 Pittsburgh Conference the same year. After ten years in the 
 pastorate he was called to the Faculty of Allegheny, first tak- 
 ing the place of Dr. Goff in mathematics, then the next year 
 succeeding to the work of Professor Reid. As a professor, he 
 was thoroughly popular with the student body. His marked 
 literary tastes made him a. stimulating teacher in the classics. 
 He resigned to accept the pastorate of the First M. E. Church 
 of Erie. After live years, he was assigned to Sniithfield Street 
 Church, Pittsburgh. In 1897, he was transferred to the St. 
 Louis Conference, where he served with large success. He 
 
 [ :\T2 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 became joint-editor of the Methodist Magazine and repre- 
 
 Bishop Luccock 
 
 seated his church upon important commissions. In 1912, he 
 was elected at the General Conference in Minneapolis to the 
 Board of Bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Churches. His 
 episcopal residence is Helena, Montana. 
 
 John W. Thomas, Ph. 1)., professor of French and Ger- 
 man. 1889 to 1901, was born February 21, 1859 in New Jer- 
 sey, the son of a Methodist minister. He was graduated 
 from Dickinson College in 1S81 and received his doctorate 
 degree from Syracuse. He was a student at the University of 
 Gottingen, 1882-3, and at the Sorbonne, Paris, 1885-6. He 
 taught modern languages in the Troy Conference Seminary 
 and the Cathedral School of St. Paul, Garden City. L. I. 
 
 Dr. Thomas was warmly welcomed to Allegheny, for he 
 
 [ 373 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 came with a large enthusiasm for his subjects. He believed 
 that the modern languages should be largely substituted for 
 the classics in the college curriculum, as of more practical 
 
 worth. He especially con- 
 tended for the European sys- 
 tem of teaching French and 
 German and endeavored to use 
 the conversational method 
 rather than the time-worn 
 grammar and reader. His 
 classes were always crowded 
 and he also gave instruction 
 upon occasion in Hebrew, Ital- 
 ian and Spanish. He was a 
 tine example of the college 
 teacher who occupied a settee 
 rather than a chair in the 
 range of work that he per- 
 formed, and it was all done cheerfully and effectively. 
 
 Dr. Thomas was the secretary of the Faculty for twelve 
 years and served faithfully on many committees. The stu- 
 dent body thought him strict in the class room, but knew him 
 to be eminently fair in all relations. No one spoke more ac 
 ceptably at the college gatherings than he. At the national 
 Methodist Convention in Pittsburgh he gave one of the im- 
 portant addresses. Dr. Thomas wrote the first general sketch 
 of the history of Allegheny. He resigned in 1901 to become 
 head master in German in the Brooklyn High School. Here 
 lie taught with large success until his death, December 21. 
 11109. 
 
 PROFESSOR WILLIAM TEXXEY DUTTOX. 
 
 A TRIBUTE BY ARTHUR WEBSTER THOMPSON, "97. 
 
 Professor William Tenney Dntton was horn in Hartford. 
 Vermont, June 7th. 1S52. Passing from the common schools, 
 he accepted an appointment to the Naval Academy at An- 
 napolis, Md., in 1X70. Deciding to prepare as a teacher, he 
 
 r : >~+ 1
 
 HISTOKY or ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 left the Academy for Dartmouth College hi 1S72, entering the 
 Chandler scientific department. He received the degree of H. 
 
 S. in 187(1 and began liis life work as a teacher of mathematics 
 
 Professor W. T. Dutton 
 
 at Alexander Institute. White Plains. N. Y. In 18S1 he was 
 made vice-principal of the Cumberland Valley State Normal 
 School at Shippensburg, Pa. Here he remained for five years, 
 resigning to take the chair of mathematics in the State Normal 
 at Edinboro, Pa. 
 
 [ >-- ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Professor Button was called in 1890 to Allegheny College 
 to take charge of the department of mathematics and civil 
 engineering. His influence in the college grew steadily. He 
 was acting president in 1909-10. As the senior member of the 
 Faculty, he contributed largely to the success which Allegheny 
 has attained in recent years. He was keenly alert to all mat- 
 ters affecting good government and served the municipality 
 out of a sense of public duty. He was a member of the Com- 
 mon Council of Meadville for one term and was serving the 
 second term on the School Board at the time of his death. He 
 was active in the Chamber of Commerce. Professionally he 
 was county civil engineer for Crawford and Venango counties. 
 He was a Free Mason of high degree and found relaxation in 
 the meetings of his lodge. He passed suddenly from his 
 earthly duties as he was on his way to the college Thursday 
 morning. March 19, 1911. 
 
 When the writer entered Allegheny College in the fall of 
 1893. the trepidation of the first few days was dispelled by the 
 kind-hearted, though stern-visaged. Professor Button. In 
 keeping with the corrugated lines of his brow, he lacked 
 neither firmness nor determination. Yet the enforcement of 
 discipline by him was free from any seeming harshness. No 
 art is of greater practical value than the ability to keep the 
 student under the iron rod of control and not only retain but 
 actually increase his respect and love. Beneath all was that 
 ever kindly, ever mischievous twinkle in the professor's eye. 
 It is either the acme of genius or inherent power of hypnotism. 
 
 Professor Button, had his mind been engaged with the de- 
 sire of success as measured by dollars and cents, might, it is 
 reasonable to suppose, have achieved material fortune, but his 
 ideal was higher than this. ''The greatest amount of good 
 that man can accomplish for his fellowman" was his answer 
 to the question, "Wherein lies man's highest achievement?" 
 Therefore he addressed himself to his task with enthusiasm, 
 hope and faith, and at the same time with common sense, 
 which, as Socrates says, is the gift of Heaven. 
 
 Tt was my privilege to spend many hours in the courses of 
 
 [ '!70 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 the Professor's department and to observe closely the methods 
 which made him so valuable a teacher. I frequently assisted 
 him in the survey of farms in the county. When I drew the 
 plans of the new gymnasium, his pleasure seemed intense that 
 one of his students could be of practical aid. By his encour- 
 agement, I made a study of the railroad and highway bridges 
 out from Meadville as to types and methods of construction. 
 In this fashion many young men were urged, inspired and 
 advanced in their studies practically by the instructor in 
 engineering. 
 
 This earnest man might have largely lightened his personal 
 labors by the acceptance of assistant instructors, with a con- 
 sequent division of the work, but he would have none of them. 
 His notion was that a vast difference in results might arise 
 by delegating his duties to others. The assistant to some ex- 
 tent broke that continuous personal contact with the students, 
 upon which he rightly counted much, and the full value of 
 which only the man who studied under Professor Dutton was 
 able to comprehend thoroughly. 
 
 He had about him a manner, despite the external sternness, 
 a quality of complete accord and sympathy with his well-mean- 
 ing students that was irresistible, and which subtly spurred 
 them on to the highest endeavors of which they were capable 
 in order to win his satisfying "well done". For a man to fail 
 in Professor Button's class signified in the standard of the 
 student himself disgrace. The well meaning students I inter- 
 pret as the men whose purpose was to get on, who were willing 
 to work and work hard, indefatigably. He had no pity upon 
 the drones. There was no place for the sluggard. He believed 
 that the condition of success is faithful work and that what is 
 worth doing at all is worth doing well. 
 
 An evidence of the affectionate regard existing between 
 Professor Dutton and his former students is revealed in the 
 fact that he watched their later careers with the interest of a 
 father, corresponding with them, preferring and giving coun- 
 sel in difficult and trying situations. Many alumni engineers 
 were accustomed to send him blue prints and written descrip- 
 
 [ 377 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 lions of important work on which they were about 1o be or 
 were then engaged. 
 
 The Professor was wont to display a depth of feeling when 
 talking about the young men who had passed from under his 
 tutelage and "made good'' in the world. A year before his 
 death, speaking to me of some of the boys, he said. "I hope that 
 while I may not be responsible for all of their success I may 
 still claim some humble part in their early life". This was 
 spoken with the touching humility ami absolute simplicity 
 that those most intimate with him knew so accurately. 
 
 Professor Dutton was wrapped up in Allegheny. Her well 
 being together with that of those who came to her for their 
 education held first place in his thoughts. According to his 
 analysis, the two were identical, the progress of the institu- 
 tion meant the advancement of the students. No toil was too 
 severe which might contribute to the onward march of both. 
 I recall a letter sent me when the campaign was on for a half 
 million endowment for Allegheny, in behalf of which he 
 labored like a Hercules. He wrote, "Thirty thousand was set 
 down for Meadville's portion. We have raised thirty-one 
 thousand dollars. I have been seldom so fatigued. But the 
 half million means much to the college." 
 
 Professor Dutton was warmly concerned for the moral 
 rectitude of his students and gave them stirring injunctions. 
 lie was always a man of deep religious fervor ami a consistent 
 member and official in the Methodist Church. President Craw- 
 ford in his eloquent memorial address said, "The modesty of 
 the man. so apparent in all the routine of his daily life among 
 us. was also evident in his religions life. The students saw in 
 him a wholesome commingling of good religion and good com- 
 mon sense. He will always he their ideal of a manly Christian 
 man." 
 
 There come trooping before my mind a goodly company of 
 men of mark, who are adding to the sum of national pros- 
 perity, promoting the cause of civilization and exemplifying 
 the wisdom and redounding to the glory of their preceptor, 
 Professor Dutton. Allegheny College and Meadville will con- 
 
 [ 378 ]
 
 HISTOKY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 tinue for many years to remember with deep appreciation the 
 man ami his work. But enshrined in the hearts of (.he engi- 
 neering alumni his memory will be kepi green and the recol- 
 lections of his personality and worth will live as long as life 
 shall last. 
 
 "When a good man dies. 
 
 For years beyond our ken 
 The light he leaves behind him lies 
 Cpon the paths of men." 
 
 William A. Elliott, L. II. I>.. principal of preparatory 
 school. 1880-02, professor of Greek and Latin. 1802-4, profes- 
 sor of Greek Language and Literature, 1801, registrar 1805- 
 1007. vice president 10117-0, was graduated from Allegheny in 
 1SS0. In college he was active in literary society and journal- 
 ism. The preparatory school 
 was made very efficient un- 
 der his charge. He succeed- 
 ed Dr. Trueman in 1802 m 
 the classics, the most thor- 
 ough specialist the depart- 
 ment had known to that 
 time and maintained its 
 high standards. Before the 
 English Department was 
 created, he also had charge 
 of the Freshman and Sopho- 
 more classes in the subject. 
 In 1804-."), he studied abroad; 
 Dickinson College honored 
 him in 1002 with the doctor- 
 ate of literature. Dr. Elli- 
 ott has increased the courses 
 ottered in Greek and some 
 of them are freely elected by students who have no knowledge 
 of Greek. The department has been well provided with photo- 
 graphs, lantern slides and casts. Dr. Elliott as an adminis- 
 trative officer laid the foundation of the excellent registra-
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 rion and supervision system of today. He has been for sev 
 eral years president of the general alumni association. 
 
 John W. Perrix, Ph. D., professor of history and politics, 
 1S95-8, was born in Eugene, Ind., received his bachelor's de- 
 gree from Illmois Wesleyan in 1887 and the Master of Arts 
 from Wabash College in 1889. His graduate work was done 
 at Johns Hopkins and Chicago Universities, the doctorate in 
 
 philosophy being conferred in 1895. He came to Allegheny 
 with valuable practical experience as an instructor and organ- 
 ized his department on the lines followed ;it Johns Hopkins 
 
 Dr. Pen-in w;is an able lecturer and was peculiarly sue 
 cessful in leading his students into fields of research. His 
 
 [ 380 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 courses wore largely elective and very popular. He took an 
 active interest in the college life and encouraged vigorously 
 debate and literary work. He was the patron in the found- 
 ing of the Literary Monthly. He made the college; known 
 abroad by appearing as a l r niversity Extension lecturer iu 
 many cities. He tilled the chair of history one summer in 
 the Chautauqua College of Liberal Arts. 
 
 When his promotion came to the Hadyn professorship of 
 history in Western Reserve University there was sincere re- 
 gret over the departure from Meadville of so gifted and in- 
 spiring a personality. Dr. Perrin after a six years term in 
 his new position became the librarian of the notable Case 
 Library of Cleveland. He was the Albert Shaw lecturer in 
 American Diplomatic History at .Johns Hopkins in 1004. He 
 returned to Allegheny as a lecturer in 1905 and 1015. He 
 was secretary of the department of higher education. National 
 Education Association, 100S. He is a frequent contributor 
 to the American Historical Review, North American Re- 
 view, Political Science Quarterly, Educational Review 
 and the magazine editions of the leading city papers. Under 
 his management the Case Library has been built up to have 
 one of the most valuable historical, legal, and political col- 
 lections in the west. 
 
 Edward C. Mokey, A. M., Bradley Professor of Latin, 
 Language and Literature, 1800-1002 was a graduate of Syra- 
 cuse University in 1884, then taught in Cazenovia and Mout- 
 pelier Seminaries until 1800. He had two years graduate 
 study in Harvard University and then was Master of Latin 
 in the Roxbury Latin School. Professor Morey was a suc- 
 cessful teacher in Allegheny and very popular with the stu- 
 dent body and townsfolk. He resigned to take charge of the 
 educational work of the Cleveland Young Men's Association. 
 He afterwards entered business, being connected with the 
 Bank of Pittsburgh and leading bonding houses. He now re- 
 sides in Pittsburgh. 
 
 [ 381 ]
 
 HI STOP Y OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Alice Huntington Spalding, Dean of* Women, 1911, in- 
 structor in public speaking, 1897 , 
 is a graduate of the Cumnock 
 School of Oratory, Northwestern 
 University. She has contributed 
 largely To The notable oratorical 
 victories of the college. She has 
 frequent engagements as a reader 
 in various cities. In 1014. she 
 studied expression in Paris and in 
 Italy. As Dean of Women in Hill- 
 ings Hall, she has promoted the 
 social life with rare tact and much 
 efficiency. 
 
 Ernest Ashtox Smith, Ph. D.. professor of History and 
 Economics, 1898-1910, 1913 , came to Allegheny after three 
 years graduate study at .Johns Hopkins University. He was 
 
 graduated from Ohio 
 Wesleyan in 1888. 
 studied in Oxford Uni- 
 versity. 1000. Univer- 
 sity of London. 1007, 
 Columbia University, 
 1912-3. In 1907, he 
 gave the Albert Shaw 
 Lectures on Diplomatic 
 history at Johns Hop- 
 kins. He was assistant 
 professor of History, 
 Politics and Economics 
 in Princeton Univer- 
 sity 1910-1913. He lias 
 enlarged the depart- 
 ment by a second year's 
 course in political sci- 
 ence and by expanding 
 the instruction in economics from one term to two vears. He 
 
 [ 382 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 is the author of "The History of the Confederate Treasury," 
 "Hildebrand, the Builder," "The Diplomatic Contest for the 
 Ohio Valley," and "Martin Kuter," in the Makers of Metho- 
 dism series. 
 
 H. K. MrxKoi:, A. M., professor of English Language and 
 Literature, 1898-1002. He was graduated from Wesleyan Uni- 
 versity in 1888 and was head of the Department of English iu 
 the State Normal School at Millersville, Pa.. 1891-3. He was 
 assistant professor at Pennsylvania State College before com- 
 ing to Allegheny. Professor Mnnroe was a charter member of 
 the Phi Beta Kappa Society and the first secretary of the 
 chapter here. After a year in St. Lawrence University he 
 entered the English department of the Brooklyn High School. 
 
 Clarexcl F. Ross, A. M., Bradley professor of Latin Lan- 
 guage and Literature, 1902 , after his graduation from Alle- 
 gheny in 1891 became pro- 
 fessor of Greek and German 
 in Missouri Wesley an Col- 
 lege. He returned in 1892 
 to take charge of the pre- 
 paratory school and be- 
 came assistant professor in 
 1895. He studied at the 
 University of Berlin in 
 1890-7 and was Senior Pel 
 low in the University of 
 Chicago in 1898-9. Profes- 
 sor Boss spent his sabbatic 
 year of 1908-9 in the Ameri- 
 can School of Classical 
 Studies in Borne. Under his 
 direction the number of 
 courses offered has increased 
 by half and the enrollment 
 has doubled, though Latin lias been made elective. The depart- 
 
 r 383 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 ment has been supplied with antiquities, models, photographs 
 aud lantern slides. The professor has been a contributor to the 
 Records of the Past, Classical Journal and American 
 Journal of Archaeology. 
 
 Albert C. Knudson, Ph. D., D. D., professor of English 
 Bible and Philosophy, 1902-6, was graduated from the Uni- 
 versity of Minnesota in 1893. He studied in Boston University 
 and the Universities of Jena and Berlin. He was professor of 
 church history in Denver University, 1898-1900, and of philoso- 
 phy and English Bible in Baker University, 1900-2. At Boston 
 University in 1900 he took the chair of Hebrew and Old Testa- 
 ment exegesis. He is the author of "The Old Testament Prob- 
 lem'' and "The Beacon Lights of Prophecy." 
 
 Frank C. Lockwooi>, Ph. I)., professor of English Lan- 
 guage and Literature, 1902- , was graduated at Baker Uni- 
 versity. He has studied at Ohio Wesleyan, Northwestern and 
 Wesley an Universities, receiving his doctorate from North 
 
 western. He did research work at 
 Oxford University in 1909. He was 
 professor of English in Mount 
 Union College. 1898-9 and in Kan- 
 sas State College 1900-2. In Alle- 
 gheny he has ably expanded his de- 
 partment, having since 1914 an as- 
 sistant professor. He has greatly 
 stimulated the literary, oratorical 
 and journalistic interests of the 
 college. He is in much demand for 
 the Chautauqua lecture platforms 
 throughout the country. He was 
 the nominee for Congress on the 
 Progressive ticket in 1914 in the XXIYth District of Penn- 
 sylvania. He is a conspicuous champion of the Anti-Saloon 
 League in the State. He is the author of ''Emerson as a 
 Philosopher," "Robert Browning 7 ' and "The Freshman and 
 
 [ 384 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 His College." He is a frequent contributor to the national 
 periodicals. 
 
 Robert S. Breed, Ph. I)., professor of Biology and Ge- 
 ology 1902-1913, was graduated at Amherst College in L898 
 and had his doctorate from Harvard in 1!M)2. He was in- 
 structor in the University of Colo- 
 rado, 1898-9, and assisant in zoolo- 
 gy in Harvard, 1900-1. Under his 
 direction the biological department 
 became more adequately equipped. 
 Special work was inaugurated in 
 bacteriology and comparative anato 
 my. Dr. Breed has contributed to 
 the scientific journals on researches 
 in post embryonic development of 
 insects and sanitary problems con- 
 nected with public milk supply. 
 He became in 1913 bacteriologist 
 for the New York Agricultural Ex- 
 periment Station at Geneva. 
 
 Rev. George A. Muleixger, Ph. !>., professor of German 
 Language and Literature, 1905 , 
 was graduated from Northwestern 
 University in 1885. He studied at 
 the University of Tuebingen, 1889, of 
 Berlin, 1890-1 ; he received his doctor- 
 ate from the University of Chicago 
 iii 1901. His sabbatic year of 1911- 
 2 was passed in study at the Uni- 
 versities of Munich and Berlin. He 
 was in the ministry, 1885-9, being a 
 member of the German Methodist 
 Conference of Chicago. In that 
 city he built one of the important 
 German churches. He was presi- 
 dent of the German M. K. College of Mt. Pleasant, Iowa, 1892-4. 
 
 [ 385 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 At Allegheny, Dr. Mulfinger became the first head of the 
 German department. He has seen the enrollment of his classes 
 treble and the number of courses given is doubled. He is the 
 author of Lenau Studies (German-Am Annals) and of "Kureii- 
 berger" of the Austrian school of literature. He is a contri- 
 butor to the AroLOGETE and to Haus and Herd. 
 
 H. Edward Wells, Ph. D., instructor in chemistry. 1902-3, 
 assistant professor, 1903-5, professor 1905-7, was graduated 
 from Middlebury College 1894, and had his doctorate from 
 the University of Leipsic in 1897. He was instructor in 
 chemistry in Middlebury College in 1898, in Wesleyan Uni- 
 versity, 1899-1901, professor in Beaver College, 1901. He 
 was the first head of the chemistry department in Allegheny. 
 He resigned to take the chair of chemistry in Washington 
 and Jefferson College in 1907. now residing at Washington, 
 Pa. 
 
 M. Emma N. Fraser, Ph. I)., professor of Romance Lan- 
 guages, 1905-10, Dean of Women, 1905-10, was graduated from 
 The University of Toronto in 1895; she took her doctorate at 
 the University of Pennsylvania in 1898. She was professor 
 of Romance Languages in Elinira College 1898-1905. Dr. 
 Fraser was the first woman to be made head of a department 
 in Allegheny College. She is professor of French in Wheaton 
 College, Mass. 
 
 Rev. Camden M. Cobern, I'll. D., 1). 1)., professor of Eng- 
 lish Bible and Philosophy, was graduated from Allegheny 
 College in 1870 and received his doctorate of philosophy from 
 Boston University in 1885. lie was a member of the Erie 
 Conference, 1876-81, Detroit Conference, 1883-90, the Colo- 
 rado Conference, 1890-1901, the Rock River Conference. 1901- 
 fi. In 1889-1890 he studied in England and Germany. He 
 was engaged in 1912-3 in archaeological explorations in Egypt 
 and Palestine. Dr. Cobern has held influential pastorates in 
 Ann Arbor and Detroit, .Mich., in Denver and in Chicago. 
 He was a member of the Methodist General Conference of 
 
 [ ::s<; ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 181)0; on the joint commission for a Methodist hymnal, 
 1900-4. He is ;i member of the Victoria Institute. London, 
 and the American Oriental Society. He has a national repu- 
 tation as a lecturer and platform orator. He appears year- 
 
 ly in many Chautauqua Assemblies and Bible Institutes. 
 Dr. Cobern had many inviting calls in the ministry, but his 
 convictions inclined him to professorial duties and authoi- 
 ship. He became a valued addition to the Faculty of his 
 alma mater in 1906. The year 1914-5, he spent in public 
 
 [ ^87 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 lecture work in the leading American cities. He is the 
 author of ''Ancient Egypt in the Light of Modern Discovery," 
 "Commentary on Ezekiel and Daniel," "The Stars and the 
 Book," ''Bible Etchings of Immortality/' and "Recent Explora- 
 tions in Palestine." He is a contributor to Hasting's Diction- 
 ary of the Gospels, Homiletic, Methodist Review, Archaeo- 
 logical Journal, and Geographic Magazine. 
 
 Charles J. Ling, Ph. D., professor of Physics and As 
 tronoiny, 1900 , was graduated from Cornell University in 
 
 1 8 9 and received his doctorate 
 from the University of Denver in 
 1002. He was instructor in physics 
 i l: the M a n u a 1 Training High 
 School of Denver, 1894-1906. Dr. 
 Ling was the first full professor of 
 the physics department in Alle- 
 gheny. He has extended the courses 
 so that four years work is now 
 given in the science. The equip- 
 ment of the laboratory has been ex 
 tensively increased and made thor- 
 oughly modern. The Newton Me- 
 morial observatory is admirably 
 arranged for the astronomical work. 
 
 Oscar p. Akers, Ph. D., assistant professor of Mathe- 
 matics, 1905-7, professor 1907, was 
 graduated from the University of 
 Colorado in 1900 and had !iis doc- 
 torate from Cornell University in 
 100."). He taught at Colorado in 
 L901-2. In 1913-4, he studied in 
 the University of Gottingen and in 
 Rome, lie became the head of the 
 department in Allegheny in 1914. 
 
 [ 388 1
 
 HISTOKY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 R. Edwin Lee, Sc. I)., professor of Chemistry, 1907 , was 
 graduated from Mt. Union College in 1898, ami pursued post 
 graduate studies in Cornell University, 1901 and in Harvard, 
 1905. He received his doctorate from New York University 
 
 in 1912. He was professor of 
 chemistry in Mt. Union College 
 from 1902-7. Under his direc- 
 tion at Allegheny the department 
 was moved from Wilcox Hall in 
 1911 to Alden Hall and in 1915 
 enters into the specially designed 
 Car n e g i e Hall of Chemistry. 
 tThe enrollment in the classes 
 has grown fourfold; the number 
 of courses has been trebled. Dr. 
 Lee is the author of a "Text book 
 of Experimental Chemistry" and 
 a "System of Qualitative Analysis." He has published twelve 
 research papers in the Journal of the American Chemical 
 Society, the Journal of Industrial Chemistry, Engineering 
 Chemistry, the American Medical Journal and the Journal 
 of American Public Health. 
 
 Guy E. Snavely, Ph. 1>., professor of Romance Languages 
 
 and Literature, 1910 , was grad- 
 uated from Johns Hopkins in 1901, 
 where also he received his doc- 
 torate in 190S. He was a student 
 at the Alliance Francaise, Paris, 
 in 1905 and became instructor in 
 French in Allegheny in 1906, 
 assistant professor in P.llU. pro- 
 fessor, 1909. On sabbatic leave 
 in 191-UT), driven from Paris by 
 the European Avar, he did re- 
 search work at Columbia Uni- 
 versity and was Visiting Profes- 
 sor of French in Hie University of New York. Dr. Snavely was 
 
 [ 389 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 made registrar of the college in 1908 and has perfected an 
 admirable system for the enlarged needs of the college. His 
 brochure on "Standardization of Marks" has attracted wide 
 favor and he has a place of influence in the Association of 
 Registrars of American Colleges. He is a contributor to the 
 Romantic Review and Modern Language Notes. 
 
 Chester A. Darling, Ph. 1)., professor of Biology, 1913 , 
 was graduated at Albion College in 1901 and received his 
 doctorate from Columbia University in 1909. He was pro- 
 fessor of biology in Defiance Col- 
 lege, 1904-6, ami instructor in 
 Columbia, 1908-13. The depart- 
 ment at Allegheny under his 
 direction is making special 
 studies in heredity and bacteriol- 
 ogy. Dr. Darling is the author 
 of a "Handbook on Wild and 
 Cultivated Flowering Plants," 
 and of "Spring Flowers." He 
 has contributed to scientific 
 journals research articles on 
 "Sex in Dioecious Plants," "Trees 
 in Autumn," "Determination of 
 Woods" and "Prochromosomes in Synapsis." 
 
 Charles E. Hammett, pro- 
 fessor of physical education and 
 director of athletics, 1913 , is a 
 g r a d u a t e of the New Haven 
 Normal School of Gymnastics. 
 He lias taught in the Hotchkiss 
 School, Connecticut, the Tonic 
 School for Hoys, Maryland, 1900- 
 10, the Polytechnic Institute, 
 Brooklyn, 1898-1900, Northwest- 
 ern University, 1910-1913. He has 
 given the college the strongest 
 teams in its history. 
 [ 390 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Frederick G. Hexke, Ph. 1)., acting professor of philoso- 
 phy, 1 !H 4 . was graduated 
 from Charles City College 
 in 1897. For several years 
 lie was a missionary teach- 
 er in (Mi ina. He returned 
 to the University of Chi- 
 cago as a graduate student, 
 securing his doctorate in 
 1910. He was professor of 
 philosophy and psychology 
 in the University of Nan 
 king, China, 1910-13, and 
 of philosophy and educa 
 tion in Willamette Uni- 
 versity, 1913-4. Dr. Henke 
 is a contributor to the edu- 
 cational and philosophical 
 publications. 
 
 Charles E. Decker, A. M., instructor biology and geology, 
 1909-10, acting professor. 1910-11, 
 assistant professor 1913 , was 
 graduated from Northwestern Uni- 
 versity in 190G. He did graduate 
 work in the University of Chicago, 
 1911-13. He was instructor in phy- 
 siography in the University of Illi- 
 nois, summer sessions, 1911-13. 
 Professor Decker has largely re- 
 classified and relabeled the valuable 
 collections of the museum, secured 
 many years ago, making them more 
 available. 
 
 Stanley S. Swartley, A. M., instructor in English, 1910-13, 
 assistant professor, 1914 , received the degree of A. 13. from 
 University of Pennsylvania in 1905 and S. T. B. from Boston 
 
 [ 391
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 University in 1908. He spent 1913-4 in graduate study in 
 Pennsylvania, being Harrison Fellow in English. He has sys- 
 tematized and greatly promoted the forensics of the college. 
 
 Karl A. Miller, B S., in- 
 structor in mathematics and civil 
 engineering, was graduated from 
 Allegheny in 1008. While in col- 
 lege he served as assistant city 
 engineer in Greenville. In 1000 
 he was with the Penn'a State 
 Highway. Next he was with the 
 C. B. & Q. Railway until 1014 in 
 many important capacities, divis- 
 ion engineer and in construction 
 work. He is now comity bridge 
 engineer. 
 
 Robert G Ward, A. M., acting professor of Romance Lan- 
 guages and Literature, l!>14-.">, instructor, 1015 , graduated 
 from Colgate University in 1000. He was instructor in French 
 in Colgate, 1008-10, head master in modern languages, Irving 
 School, 1011-4. 
 
 [ :jo2
 
 CHAPTER XII 
 
 CONTROL AND CURRICULUM 
 
 EADVILLE as the seat of the col- 
 lege lias held a chief place in the 
 council of control for much of the 
 century. As the early citizens were 
 so largely instrumental in the de- 
 velopment and the maintenance of 
 the institution, the leading men of 
 the village accepted the responsi- 
 bility of the direction of its affairs. 
 The size of the Board of Trustees 
 is unusual, but every effort to re- 
 duce its number has failed. With 
 a membership of forty-seven Timo- 
 thy Alden was able to enlist 
 valuable friends in distant places 
 through election to a trusteeship. 
 
 In the charter group of 1817 the 
 plan was to have the counties of 
 Venango, Mercer, Butler, Beaver, 
 Allegheny and Erie of Northwest- 
 ern Pennsylvania represented on 
 the Board, Erie even having seven places. Eight Trustees 
 were named from Philadelphia and outside the State. But 
 Crawford County with Meadville had the largest share, being 
 apportioned eighteen. After the reorganization under Metho- 
 dist patronage, Crawford in 1834 had twenty members and the 
 Pittsburgh region with Allegheny County assumed its position 
 of future importance in college matters with eight members. 
 After the second reopening in 1845, throughout the Barker 
 administration, the full quota of the Board was never main- 
 tained and the Meadville representation, rising above a score, 
 equalled nominally at times half the body.
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 The important fact in the organization was that by the 
 charter eight persons made a quorum and that number could 
 be mustered locally. The times of meeting were appointed to 
 be the first Monday in April and in October. The history of 
 the Board of Trustees is also notable for the few men who have 
 held the position of president, the services of two officials total 
 ing sixty years. Timothy Alden served as its head as well as 
 president of the college for one year, then in 1818 was suc- 
 ceeded by Hon. Jesse Moore, first president judge of the sixth 
 judicial district of Beaver, Butler, Mercer, Crawford and Erie 
 counties. Patrick Farrelly, member of Congress, son-in-law of 
 Timothy Alden, in 1819 was the next president, also serving 
 but a single year. 
 
 When Bentley Hall began to rise, General Roger Alden was 
 chief of the Board, remaining in the office six years. When 
 
 this Revolutionary vet- 
 eran ended his connect- 
 ion with the Holland 
 Land Company he en- 
 gaged in many business 
 and philanthropic enter- 
 prises. In the war of 
 1812 he was commis- 
 sioned major general, 
 for Meadville was a 
 rendezvous for troops, 
 two thousand being en- 
 camped on the lands of 
 Samuel Lord, Esq., on 
 the! site of the college 
 campus and west of it. 
 President Roger Alden 
 had financial reverses; 
 Gen Ro*er Aiden he became a county offi- 
 
 cial. He resigned from the college responsibilities upon his 
 appointment as military storekeeper in the Academy at West 
 Point in 1825. A farewell banquet evidenced the esteem of 
 
 [ 394 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 the citizens of Meadville for the general. He remained a 
 Trustee of Allegheny until his death in 1836. 
 
 Mr. John Reynolds, the secretary of the foundation meet- 
 ing in the log court house, became president of the Board for 
 less than two years, but as a Trustee he made the remarkable 
 record of more than a half century of active service. He was 
 an ideal embodiment of the steadfast loyalty of the best citi- 
 zenship of Meadville to Allegheny College. Upon the occasion 
 of his death, the following resolution was passed: 
 
 "John Reynolds, who passed away July 23, 1871, was one of the 
 original Trustees in 1817. He was the first secretary of the Board and 
 its third president. For fifty-four years he was one of the most faithful 
 in his devotion to the interests of the college of all who have been con- 
 nected with it in the capacity of Trustee. 
 
 Although at the time of his death Mr. Reynolds had passed his 
 eighty-ninth year, yet his singular exemption from physical and mental 
 decay had led us to hope that we might yet enjoy his counsels for some 
 years to come and we now feel that in him we have lost one of our 
 most thoughtful and active members. Resolved, that the foregoing 
 minute be adopted as the sensa of the Board of Trustees." 
 
 Judge Henry Shippen was the next Board president from 
 Meadville, holding office in 1827-80. He was a graduate of 
 Dickinson College and had followed Judge Moore on the bench 
 in 1825. He took a large part in the final effort of Timothy 
 Alden to operate the college. Mr. Joseph Morrison, the cashier 
 of the Northwestern Bank, became the seventh president cf 
 the Trustees in 1830 and had a term as long as the combined 
 years of all his six predecessors. He saw the financial future of 
 the college assured. Over his name the notice was given that 
 Allegheny would reopen its halls April 8, 1845, after the schol- 
 arship campaign. But his death at the age of seventy-six 
 came April 1st. He had made an excellent executive officer. 
 His judgment and tact were of high order. The Democrat 
 said: "It has been the happy lot of few to come to the dark 
 valley more loved, more respected and more honored than 
 Joseph Morrison." 
 
 Hon. David Derickson, a graduate of the first class of Alle- 
 gheny, that of 1821, became the president of the Board of 
 Trustees April 8, 1845. and held the office until 1874. then con- 
 
 [ 395 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 tinned a decade longer as Trustee until his death at the ripe 
 aire of eighty-six years. As a youth he had come to Meadville 
 for a college education, then read law, beini> admitted to the 
 
 Jurjfre David I) rickson. '21 
 
 har in lSL':;. He had a wide practice and many interests. 
 From lS."i(i-(i(j lie was additional law judge for the Sixth Judi- 
 cial District. He did the large pari of the work of the com-
 
 HISTORY OF ALLFOHILW COLLFOF 
 
 mission to codify the laws of Pennsylvania. He prescribed 
 the rules which raised the standard of scholarship for admis- 
 sion to the bar. At his demise he was the Nestor of the pro- 
 fession in the northwestern area of the State. He early joined 
 the Presbyterian church and from 1830 was a member of the 
 session, and for many years the senior elder. As the head of 
 the Board of Government his best energies were given to the 
 college. His devotion to his alma mater was strong. He was 
 the central figure of alumni occasions for many years, as the 
 oldest graduate linking the origins of Allegheny with the 
 (dasses through three score years and more. 
 
 Alexander Bradley of Pittsburg became the ninth presi- 
 dent of the Board of Trustees April 5, 1875, and served until 
 his death, Aug. 21, 1899. He had been a Trustee since loGO. 
 
 He was one of the notable 
 figures of Methodism in 
 western Pennsylvania. Re- 
 moving from Baltimore to 
 Pittsburgh in youth, he be- 
 came one of the fore- 
 most manufacturers of the 
 city. His financial interests 
 brought him to the presi- 
 dency of a large city bank. 
 He was one of the organizers 
 of old Christ Church and 
 the leading: layman of the 
 new Christ Church. Mr. 
 Bradley was a man of strong 
 personality and a Christian 
 leader of power. He was a 
 generous giver to many worthy causes. He believed pro 
 foundly in Allegheny College and performed his official duties 
 with strict fidelity for a quarter of a century. His name is 
 worthily preserved in the Bradley chair of Latin Language 
 and Literature. 
 
 Mr. Durbin Home of Pittsburgh came to the presidency of 
 the Trustees in 1900 just as the program of the reorganization 
 
 [ 397 ] 
 
 Alexander Bradley, Esq.
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 and the expansion of the college was heing launched. He was 
 a graduate from Yale University in 1876, a classmate of Presi- 
 dent A. T. Hadley. His thorough educational qualifications 
 for the position on the Board were supplemented by his not- 
 able business experience. The mercantile house of Joseph 
 
 Mr. Durbin Home 
 
 Horne and Company had long been one of the most substantial 
 in Pittsburgh. Mr. Joseph Horne had been a Trustee of Alle- 
 gheny, and his son was a worthy successor. The counsels, the 
 enthusiasm and the vigorous support of all progressive meas- 
 ures for the college by Mr. Durbin Horne contributed most 
 effectively to the advance made during the eight years he was 
 the executive of the Board.
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Mr. Francis A. Arter of Cleveland, of the class of 1864, 
 was chosen president of the Trustees in 1008. He entered 
 college a freshman in August, 1861, after a three months' 
 course in Richmond College, Ohio, his native State, and a 
 year's experience in teaching school. The new student was 
 far advanced in mathematics but behind in the classics. By 
 his diligence he won his diploma in three years, besides stop- 
 ping one term to teach school. He was a member of the 
 Philo-Franklin Literary Society and planned to study law. 
 He began to read Blackstone, but in the same year of his 
 graduation a sudden business opening took him to the oil 
 regions at Rouseville, Pa. In two years he removed to Cleve- 
 land to open an oil refinery ; the business which occupied his 
 subsequent years. 
 
 Mr. Arter became one of the foremost Methodist laymen of 
 his city and for years was superintendent of the Sabbath 
 School of the First Church. He has been sent five times as a 
 lay delegate to the General Conference of his denomination 
 He has taken an intense interest in missions and in 1006 made 
 a tour of the world, visiting the various mission stations. 
 
 The affection of Mr. Arter for Allegheny has been a domi- 
 nant characteristic of his busy life. He married as it were 
 into the college, his wife, Mrs. Arter, being the daughter of 
 Bishop Calvin Kingsley, '41. No alumnus of the many who 
 have rallied in recent years to the support of their alma meter 
 has contributed to it so largely of his means as has the elev- 
 enth president of the Board. He is a thoroughly practical man 
 and also an idealist. His vision for the college contemplates 
 an institution of large efficiency within well defined limits. 
 
 The relations of the incorporated governing body with the 
 Faculty have been in the main harmonious. The president cf 
 the Faculty has always been one of the Trustees. By-laws 
 for the government of the college were set forth in the Alden 
 period and an elaborate '"system of education'' prescribed ir. 
 1834. Extracts of its provisions were printed in the annual 
 catalogues from 1840 to 1855. Those given such publicity 
 touched mostly the conduct of the students. A few were as 
 follows : 
 
 [ 30! > ]
 
 Mr. F. A. Arter, '64
 
 HrSTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Art. Ill, Sect. 5. Students are not permitted to loiter about tav- 
 erns, stores, or any other place of public resort. 
 
 Sect. 8. Any student who shall be found to associate with low, 
 vulgar or immoral company, or addicted to habits of profaneness or 
 dissipation will, unless he immediately reform, be dismissed from the 
 college. 
 
 Sect. 10. No student shall possess or exhibit any indecent picture: 
 nor shall any one be allowed to purchase or to read any lascivious or 
 immoral book, nor any romance or novel, while he continues a student 
 of this institution. 
 
 Sect. ll. No hallooing, loud talking, whistling, jumping, or other 
 disturbing noise or act shall be permitted at any time in the college 
 building; and any student conducting himself disorderly in the town 
 will be punished according to the nature of the offence. 
 
 Sect. 12. No student shall bring or cause to be brought gun- 
 powder, firearms, or any deadly weapon within the college premises; 
 nor shall any one engage in any species of hunting during the college 
 term without permission from the Faculty. No student shall be allowed 
 to smoke tobacco in any form within the college enclosures. 
 
 Art. IV, Sect. 3. Prayers shall be attended every morning at the 
 college by the president or some other member of the Faculty, at his 
 request; at which time the students are required to be present. 
 
 Art. V, Sect. 5. The president or any of the officers may require 
 suitable assistance from any student for the preservation of the good 
 order of the college; and if any so required shall refuse or neglect to 
 give his assistance, it shall be viewed as a great contempt for the 
 authority of the college; and shall be punished by public confession, 
 suspension or expulsion. 
 
 Art. X, Sect. 1. Every student having read the by-laws and accepted 
 them shall subscribe a declaration kept in a book by the Faculty: We 
 whose names are herein signed will to the utmost of our power obey 
 the by-laws; we will not be guilty of profane cursing or swearing, 
 drinking ardent spirits, card playing, or any unlawful gaming, nor of 
 any indecent or disrespectful language towards the Trustees, presi- 
 dent, professors, tutors, nor to each other as students. 
 
 In the Articles of Agreement of 1833 between the Board of 
 Trustees and the Pittsburgh Annual Conference, the religions 
 body was to nominate one-half of the persons to till the vacan- 
 cies on the Board, submitting three names for each place, and 
 the Trustees were to make the selection. This body also nomi- 
 nated the Faculty yearly, subject to the approbation of the 
 Trustees. The prudential committee of the Board, the execu- 
 tive group of which the president of the college was a member, 
 
 [ 401 ]
 
 HISTORY' OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 was supplemented by a committee of four of the Conference. 
 The adjustment of relations under the Methodist patronage 
 was a matter of experimentation. After the Erie Conference 
 was created in 1836, the plan of the Trustees was to submil a 
 flowery report to the two annual gatherings of the clergy and 
 the committees on education would draft resolutions as to the 
 policy of the Conferences for the college. 
 
 When the church sent its agents to sell the perpetual schol- 
 arships, the Trustees also had their plan of selling the certifi- 
 cates. But the sums secured by the Pittsburgh and Erie Con- 
 ferences created a new responsibility for them and after 1840 
 the two Centenary Fund Committees made their yearly interest 
 appropriations to the college treasurer. Twice the compact of 
 1833 was revised, when the West Virginia Conference was ad- 
 mitted as a patron, Oct. 21. 1857. and the East Ohio Confer- 
 ence, June 2<i, 1S7T. After the latter date, these four represen- 
 tatives from each of the four Conferences were spoken of as 
 the Joint Board of Control and the Tuesday before Commence- 
 ment named as the date of its annual meeting. 
 
 The system of government was frequently attacked. Futile 
 movements arose to amend the charter. The lawyers of tin 1 
 Board warned reformers of the inviolability of contracts. A 
 plan of 1ST.*! was to have twenty Trustees elected for five years 
 in groups of five from the three Methodist patronizing Confer- 
 ences ami the alumni. This would abolish the church com- 
 mittee of control and the life tenure trusteeship. The support 
 of a change was much stronger in 1880 when the Trustees 
 voted in favor of a hoard of twenty-live members to be elected. 
 The proposal was not accepted by the Conferences. 
 
 Alterations of the charter with mutual consent of the 
 parties could be made by the Court of Common E'leas. In 
 1870, the time of the animal Board meeting was changed from 
 April to June. A rivalry of the two Boards was inevitable. 
 The Trustees elected professors for a term of five years in 
 1S88. Then the deadlock of the affair of President Williams 
 came to pass. Not a few believed that the agreement of is:;:; 
 was illegal and the authority allotted to the Methodist body 
 was ''ultra vires". Judge J. W. F. White, though a Trustee. 
 
 [ 402 I
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 argued for the Board of Control, urging that the contract 
 made then was the means of saving the college The compro- 
 mise decision voted in 1889 was that both hoards were needed 
 io fix the length of term of the Faculty. 
 
 The West Virginia and East Ohio Conferences came to 
 have other educational interests. The yearly meeting of the 
 Joint Board was poorly attended. Seasons went by without a 
 gathering. On the other hand, the Board of Trustees by its 
 increasing endowment fund and tuition receipts had its respon- 
 sibility greatly enhanced. The persistent demand for direct 
 alumni representation on the Board brought a modification of 
 the college charter in 1011 by which twenty-four of the forty- 
 seven Trustees are elected, eight being chosen by the alumni. 
 
 The two original Conferences, Pittsburgh and Erie, have a 
 vital influence in the government of Allegheny through their 
 sixteen representatives. A harmony of interests is furthered 
 by the practice begun of electing alumni of the college for a 
 portion of the Conference delegations on the Board. The pat- 
 ronage of many religious faiths in the student ranks through 
 all the decades to the present time bears witness that Alle- 
 gheny is not a sectarian institution; but a Christian institu- 
 tion it will ever remain so long as the Methodist church and 
 the alumni have a voice in its affairs. 
 
 The Joint Board of Control in its more active period was a 
 training school for membership in the Board of Trustees. 
 Presumably a man would not be on both Boards at the same 
 time, though th^'-e were several exceptions. The Trustees 
 asked that such a rule be observed. Some of the men who 
 passed from the Board of the four Conferences to be Trustees 
 were Rev. Moses Hill, D. I)., '19; Hon. J. W. F. White, '12; 
 Professor G. AY. Haskins, 'til; Dr. J. P. Hassler, '5G; Hon. B. 
 F. Martin, '54; Rev. J. R. Mills, T>2; F. A. Arter, 'Gl: Dr. T. X. 
 Boyle, J. C. Bardall. (J. B. Chase, J. M. Stall. Edward Apple- 
 yard, X. T. Arnold and Rev. R. M. Freshwater, P. P.. 'G7. 
 
 Not a few of the Trustees had records of exceptional length 
 of service. David Dick, Esq., who was elected Jan. 23, 182G, to 
 succeed Hon. Patrick Farrelly, was associated with John 
 Reynolds, Esq., in important commissions for the college. He 
 
 [ 403 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 was treasurer several years and continued on the Board forty- 
 four years until his death in 1871. His library of several hun- 
 dred volumes was bequeathed to the college. Gen. John Dick 
 served from 1816 to J 872. Rev. Amos Chase, of Centerville, Pa., 
 a friend of Timothy Alden. served from 1817 to 1851. Rev. 
 John Van Liew, once the Presbyterian pastor of Meadville, 
 later of New Jersey, was a Trustee from 1823 to 1867. Two 
 Methodists. Rev. Z. H. Coston, of Pittsburgh, and John 
 Lupher. of Meadville, were on the Board from 1833 to 1871. 
 
 Mr. John McFarland, a leading merchant of Meadville, was 
 ireasurer for thirty years, dying Sept. 28, 1881, shortly after 
 lie had resigned. Hon. J. W. Farrelly. '26; Hon. D. A. Finney, 
 "10; Hon. H. L. Richmond, '39, and Col. S. B. Dick, '58, who 
 represented the Meadville District in Congress, were all val- 
 ued members of the Board. Colonel Dick aided notably in 
 the new era of the college. He was a Trustee from 1878 to 
 1007. Hon. (J. B. Delainater, of Meadville. Judge J. S. Mc- 
 Calmont. of Franklin, Hon. Lewis Miller, of Akron, William 
 Foltz, Esq.. of New Castle, and Mr. George P. Hukill, of Oil 
 City, also in their life time rendered important services on 
 the governing board. Mr. F. 1*. Ray, '62, of Meadville, was 
 for several years its secretary, and Mr. William Thomas at the 
 time of his death in 1012 had been thirty-eight years a Trustee. 
 
 Rev. T. L. Flood. D. D., a former pastor of the Stone 
 Church, Meadville. and the founder of the Chautatjquan, 
 entered the Board in 1886 and continued an active member 
 until his demise. June 26, 1915. He had held the offices of 
 vice-president, secretary and treasurer within this period and 
 was a member of the executive committee from 1806 to 1010. 
 He had a leading part in t lie selection of the executives of 
 Allegheny. His wide acquaintance in church and nation was 
 used to bring many eminent speakers to the college platform. 
 
 Of the present Board, Hon. Harvey Henderson, '57, of 
 Pittsburgh, is the senior member, being elected June 22, 1868. 
 so that now he has completed forty-seven years of service, a 
 record second only to that of John Reynolds. Esq., of the 
 incorporators of 1817. He is an eminently sound counselor 
 and his affection for the college is very dee]). Tn 1845 his 
 
 r 4 4 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 father. Rev. W. C. Henderson, look him, a lad, to view Bentley 
 Hall, promising him when he was older a course in Allegheny. 
 After graduation lie was admitted to the bar and practiced 
 law in Meadville until 1871. Then he entered the Erie Con- 
 ference for eleven years. Returning to the law, he has been a 
 leader of his profession in Pittsburgh. 
 
 Judge J. J. Henderson, '02, became a Trustee in 1874 and 
 has been vice-president of the Board since 181)0. Dr. J. \V. 
 Miles, '74. and Dr. T. II. Woodring, '7:5, of the Pittsburgh Con- 
 ference, and Dr. A. C. Ellis, '78, of the Erie Conference, are 
 the ranking clerical members of the Board. Their labors have 
 been unsparing in behalf of the college and they have a worthy 
 share in the progress made. Mr. G. B. Chase, of Greenville, 
 and Dr. J. E. Rigg, of Wilkinsburg, have seen important com- 
 mittee service and are noted for their financial acumen. Mr. 
 J. W. Ki nncar, '82, is an influential representative in the 
 Pittsburgh region and directed the endowment campaign there. 
 
 J. 1*. Colter. Esq., '08, is the secretary of the Board and of 
 the Executive Committee. He entered college from the Edinboro 
 Normal School and was a leading spirit in the Philo-Franklin 
 Society. Under his suggestion the Centenary oratorical prize- 
 was created in 1S07 by the gifts of six student members of 
 S000. Of all the prizes founded in former years, this fund 
 alone is intact today and devoted to a contest, open to all. 
 Mr. Colter after admission to the bar in 1871 removed to Arm- 
 strong County. He returned to Meadville in 1880, where he 
 has held important trusts in school and city government. 
 The system he has devised for keeping the minutes ami records 
 of the Trustees is most accurate and extensive. 
 
 Wesley B. Best, Esq., '83, and Hon. Arthur L. Bates, '80, b:>th 
 of Meadville. are vigorous members of the Executive Com- 
 mittee, the body which bears a large responsibility in the 
 government of the college. Mr. J. V. Ritts, of Butler; Mr. 
 I. C. McDowell, of Pittsburgh; Gen. Charles Miller, of Frank- 
 lin; Mr. J. S. Craig, of Pittsburgh; Mr. Austin Blakeslee, of 
 DuBois, and Mr. Nelson A. Rist, of Dawson, are keen business 
 men whose talents are placed at the disposal of the college. 
 Dr. X. G. Miller, Dr. J. C. MacDonald. Bishop J. M. Thoburn 
 
 [ 405 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 and Dr. R. M. Freshwater are later representatives of the 
 clergy on the Board. 
 
 Col. John J. Carter, of Titusville, has heen a valuable addi 
 tion to the Trustees, becoming a member in 1904. He is a 
 man of energy and initiative. He received a thorough aca- 
 demic training in New York and was prepared to enter 
 Rochester University when the Civil War caused him to enlist. 
 The qualities of leadership displayed as a soldier have marked 
 his business career. He has taken a lively interest in Alle- 
 gheny College as a product of Northwestern Pennsylvania and 
 given his best thought to its advancement. 
 
 Mrs. Sarah B. Cochran became a Trustee in 1908, the first 
 woman in the history of the college to have a place on the 
 Board. She had previously expressed her interest in Alle- 
 gheny in a most kindly and helpful fashion. Mrs. Cochran had 
 experienced a crushing double affliction in the deaths of her 
 husband and only son. She then faced weighty business 
 responsibilities in the control of coal and coke properties in 
 Fayette county. Resolutely mastering the intricacies of the 
 duties devolving upon her, she became a woman of large affairs. 
 
 Mrs. Cochran is a generous contributor to educational 
 interests. Chapter houses of the Phi Kappa Psi Fraternity 
 were erected in memory of her son at the Universities of West 
 Virginia and Pennsylvania, and the chapter at Allegheny lib- 
 erally aided. A memorial dormitory to her husband was built 
 at Wittenberg College. She was also a large donor to the 
 attractive Methodist church building in Dawson. Mrs. Coch- 
 ran has a beautiful estate, St. James Park, near Dawson. She 
 is busy with many cares, but her especial concern is for the 
 iarge force of laboring men under her. She is a rare Christian 
 woman, who is administering a great trust with fidelity. 
 
 In recent years Messrs. George Greer, of New Castle; J. 
 A. Huston, of Sewickley; B. A. Walker, of Erie, and H. W. 
 Dunlap. of Pittsburgh, have been placed upon the Board. 
 Under the new system of election, Dr. -1. M. Thoburn, of the 
 Pittsburgh Conference, and Dr. <\ W. Miner, of the Erie Con- 
 ference, have become Trustees, while the alumni representa- 
 tives are Dr. Ida M. Tarbell, '80; Mr. Arthur W. Thompson. 
 
 r 4on i
 
 Mrs. Sarah B. Cochran
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 '97, of Baltimore, Md.; Mr. W. X. Kidge, '82, of New York, 
 and Dr. E. B. Heckel, '87, of Pittsburgh. Four additional 
 alumni Trustees are to be elected. 
 
 THE CURRICULUM. 
 
 President Timothy Alden as a graduate of Harvard Col- 
 lege modeled the curriculum of Allegheny College after that 
 of his alma mater. In the early years of the frontier insti- 
 tution, he even employed to designate the classes the 
 terminology of Freshman, Sophomores, Junior Sophisters and 
 Senior Sophisters. 
 
 In a statement submitted to the Pennsylvania Legislature 
 in 1823, the entrance requirements were reported to be an 
 ability to construe and parse the Select Orations of Cicero, 
 the Aeneid of Vergil and the Greek Testament, to write Latin 
 grammatically and to solve questions under the fundamental 
 rules of arithmetic, with a knowledge of Latin prosody. 
 
 The courses of study prescribed then were soundly lin- 
 guistic, Latin, Greek, Hebrew, French and German coming in 
 the first two years, and other Oriental languages following 
 later. Mathematics with practical applications was not 
 neglected. English composition ran through three years and 
 for the Seniors there were elements of political law. ancient 
 and modern history, natural and systematic theology. But 
 this was the period of the college when the Faculty consisted 
 of one man and students were few. 
 
 When Allegheny opened in the fall of 1829 with three pro- 
 fessors the courses were somewhat changed and enlarged. The 
 prospectus thus announced them : 
 
 FRESHMAN Latin, Cicero de Officiis, Horace, Latin Prosodv. Greek, 
 Xenophon's Anabasis, Homer's Iliad. Greek exercises. Hebrew, 
 Professor Stewart's works. Algebra, Geometry, plain and solid. 
 Natural philosophy (a popular course). 
 
 SOPHOMORE Latin, Cicero de Oratore, Horace. Greek, Xenophon, 
 Homer. Hebrew. Logic. Higher Algebra. Logarithms. Plane 
 Trigonometry. Surveying. Ancient Geography. History, an- 
 cient and modern. Chemistry of imponderables. Electricity. Gal- 
 vanism. Magnetism. Natural Philosophy. Mechanics, hydrostatics, 
 pneumatics, optics, acoustics. 
 
 r *<* i
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 JUNIOR Latin, Livy, Juvenal. Greek, Graeca Majora, LonginuS on 
 the Sublime. Hebrew. Locke's Essay. Paley's Moral Philosophy. 
 Spherical Geometry and Trigonometry. Conic Sections. Flux- 
 ions. . Mensuration. Navigation. Perspective Geography with 
 use of globes, construction of maps and charts. Chemistry of 
 inorganic matter. Astronomy. 
 
 SENIOR Grotius de Veritate. Greek Testament. Stewart and Reed 
 on the Mind. Rhetoric. Vegetable Chemistry. Physiology, vege- 
 table and animal. Zoology. 
 
 The professorship of natural philosophy and chemistry 
 gave a practical flavor to the instruction of this one year of 
 the full-fledged college in the Alden regime. The chemical and 
 physical apparatus, waiting these years to be utilized, was 
 burnished and adjusted. With no small pride the array of the 
 equipment was set forth in the public prints. There were 
 alembics, tubulated retorts, balloon glass receivers, water ham- 
 mers, barometers, electrometers, Wollaston batteries, galvanic 
 batteries and a large electrical machine. Also, all the illustra- 
 tive material of the period, brass cannon to be tired, powder 
 house to be exploded and house to be struck by the electric 
 spark. 
 
 When the Methodists pledged their patronage to Allegheny, 
 an ambitious organization of the courses of instruction was 
 announced by the Trustees within the first year. While to 
 start with there were but three chairs of instruction filled, 
 those of moral science, of mathematics and natural philosophy, 
 and of Greek and Latin, four more professorships were eventu- 
 ally to round out the Faculty. These departments of t lie 
 future were Oriental languages, modern languages, chemistry, 
 mineralogy and geology, and general and constitutional law. 
 
 The curriculum of 1833-4 remained in operation with lev. 
 changes until 1805. Greek, Latin and Mathematics were the 
 backbone of the course, much as in other colleges of this long 
 period. Metaphysics had a place, while moral philosophy, 
 natural religion and evidences of Christianity were essential 
 subjects in Allegheny. There were a few excursions into new 
 fields at times, such as modern languages and civil engineering. 
 
 [ 409 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Within a limited area, each administration had its slight 
 variation in the content of its curriculum. 
 
 Having a leader of the educational experience of Dr. 
 Martin Ruter, the courses of study in his period show a con- 
 formity to the studies as prescribed in other institutions. 
 Compared with Yale, Brown, Rutgers and Dickinson curricula, 
 that of Allegheny shows no extreme variance. Possibly for a 
 few years, it was not so strong in science, but it had responded 
 to that slight liberalization, so general in this era. the intro- 
 duction of the teaching of political economy and of interna- 
 tional law. The translation of the French economist Say held 
 sway on the Hill until I860. 
 
 In 1840, in the presidency of Homer J. Clark, the scientific 
 course was established to divide the field with the arts candi- 
 dates for a few years. This was due to the presence on the 
 Faculty of R. T. P. Allen, as professor of civil engineering. 
 But the entrance requirements for science students were much 
 lower than for classical. No foreign language was demanded, 
 and after matriculation but a year of French. History and 
 chronology took partly the place of a second ancient language. 
 The work in the Senior class for the two courses was identical, 
 save for the engineering. In this period, the classics were 
 made stiller in the lower classes. German and French were 
 regularly offered. 
 
 The administration of Dr. Barker was a conservative one as 
 reflected in the courses of study. Practically without a varia- 
 tion in the subjects taught, the years came and went. The 
 number was fewer. There were no modern languages. Caesar 
 crept into the Freshman year. A typical curriculum from 1S4G 
 to ]Sl')7> is as follows : 
 
 Freshman Ambon's Cicero, Cooper's Virgil, Graeea" Maiora, Le- 
 gendre's Geometry. Day's Mathematics; Sophomore Sallust, Livy, 
 Graeca Majora, Vol. 2nd, Day's Mathematics, Analytical Geometry. 
 Chemistry, Logic, Rhetoric; Junior Anthon's Horace, Tacitus' Ger- 
 mania, Agricola and Histories, Iliad, Natural Philosophy, Moral Phil- 
 osophy, Paley's Evidences of Christianity, Kame's Elements of Criti- 
 cism. Chemistry, Calculus; Senior Astronomy, Mineralogy, Geology, 
 
 [ 410 1
 
 HISTORY *OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Cicero de Orticiis, Intellectual Philosophy, Political Economy and 
 Kent's International Law. 
 
 The Biblical department, begun in 1855, supplied the only 
 element of change. A three years' course was offered, upon 
 completion of which a certificate was given. Hebrew grammar 
 and Bible ran through all the terms. Biblical literature, 
 ecclesiastical history and Butler's Analogy of Religion were 
 taught in addition to the various studies of the classical 
 course. "Geology as related to the Bible" was the subjeet 
 named as it was pursued by the prospective preacher, while 
 for the -non-Bibs" it was Hitchcock's Geology. After 18G5 
 this department of vocational training was more closely coor- 
 dinated with the college, its first year being identical with the 
 classical, and the completion of three more winning the A. B. 
 degree. Eventually it was abandoned, though not without 
 some friction in 1883. 
 
 Allegheny caught the new spirit in education after the 
 Civil "War. A strong and aggressive quartette had come into 
 the Faculty in Marvin, Tingley, Hyde and Comfort. Entrance 
 requirements Avere made more vigorous. A scientific course 
 was restored for which the degree of A. B. was conferred. 
 
 Several subjects were added, such as English literature 
 and philology. Art history was introduced by Brofessor Com- 
 fort, he being a pioneer instructor in this field. All the science 
 of the college was better differentiated. Botany, zoology, inor- 
 ganic and organic chemistry, and physics were appointed for 
 the various terms. French and German had an extensive 
 place in the Scientific Department. 
 
 The scholastic advance was promoted by the timely gifts of 
 illustrative material. The Alger, Prescott and lialdenian cab- 
 inets greatly aided the work in zoology and mineralogy. Col- 
 lections of casts, engravings and photographs formed the basis 
 of a museum of Fine Arts. The chemical and physical lab- 
 oratory was supplied through generous friends with the latest 
 approved apparatus. Complete schedules of hours and sub- 
 jects for the year, published in the catalogue, indicated the 
 quickening of administrative efficiency in instruction. 
 
 [ 411 ]
 
 HISTORY OP ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 President Bngbee brought in a readjustment of the curricu- 
 lum. The standard of admission to the Freshman class was 
 raised by requiring two years of modern languages or Greek, 
 more mathematics and an elementary knowledge of science. 
 Collegiate scholarship was helped by the reorganization of the 
 preparatory school. A three years' course was provided and 
 proved a strong attraction, the attendance increasing from 
 13 to 206 in four years. The college work was conducted in 
 "Schools" now. The Classical was renamed Liberal Arts, 
 the Biblical became Hebrew and Biblical Literature, and be- 
 sides the "School of Science', there was a new course of 
 study or school, Latin and Modern Languages. 
 
 The tendency abroad in the land toward the elective system 
 was expected to be satisfied in Allegheny by the increase of 
 courses offered. The Latin and Modern Language Department 
 of 1877 was really a step in liberalizing the curriculum. Hith- 
 erto for the scientific course as well as the classical, both Greek 
 and Latin were a prerequisite. Now for the new department the 
 candidate could offer two years of French and in the college 
 classes substitute German for Greek. The regime of Dr. 
 Bugbee is noteworthy for its emphasis upon cultural studies. 
 The work in literature was more specialized; the history of 
 philosophy became a senior subject. 
 
 The elective principle had a curious application in the 
 military department, in order to promote the zeal for war, 
 service being voluntary, and to induce enlistment for instruc- 
 tion in tactics, the student warrior was given college credit, 
 substituting some objectionable subject in the regular course 
 of study. Through the years the antipathy to various subjects 
 shifted, but on the list were zoology, ancient history. French, 
 mathematical astronomy and art of discourse. 
 
 The conservatism of Allegheny finally yielded in 1883. 
 when in the classical course German, French and Hebrew were 
 admitted as elective in the Sophomore and Junior years. They 
 could be substituted for Latin. Greek and mathematics, one 
 term of each in the Sophomore, and in the .Junior for micro- 
 scopy, history of civilization and evidences of Christianity. 
 But three years later, the doors were opened more widely to 
 
 r 412 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 the elective system in the Sophomore and Junior years. Pre- 
 paration for the Scientific Course could be made in French, 
 instead of Greek. The plan followed was without much rela- 
 tion to the experience of other institutions. 
 
 The three college courses were not similarly treated. In 
 the Sophomore year, one-fourth of the subjects of the classical 
 schedule were required, three-fourths of those in the Latin and 
 Modern Language, and no electives whatever to the scientific 
 course. The option granted the Modern Language student was 
 calculus or music. In the Junior year, one-half of the sub- 
 jects in the Classical and the Modern Language courses wer? 
 required, while the Scientific Junior could elect two-fifths of 
 his work. Science studies were doubled by dropping language 
 subjects. German was expanded to three years. The subjects 
 especial ly protected for the two collegiate years were physics 
 and chemistry and the student body did not cease to protest 
 against the compulsory study of these sciences. 
 
 Until the end of the Wheeler administration, there was 
 slight change in the list of required subjects, save to withdraw 
 the only option one Sophomore course enjoyed. But there was 
 a healthful expansion of possible electives. Additional courses 
 could be taken in German, literature, classics, history and 
 political science. Some abuses of the elective plan arose, but 
 vigilant supervision was able to correct student vagaries. 
 
 The astounding scholastic expansion of the period was in 
 the so-called post-graduate department. The first program in 
 1887 was to give a degree after two years of non-resident study 
 of the selected course, but later the time was extended to three 
 years and a thesis required. Examinations must be taken in 
 Meadville. There were eight courses of study, political and 
 social science, English literature, mathematics, philosophy, 
 history, physics and chemistry, modern languages, and theism 
 and Christianity. The popularity of the department was 
 great. Several hundred persons were encouraged to home 
 reading by means of it. 
 
 The department of civil engineering had a steady growth 
 from a very modest beginning. The course was formally orga- 
 nized in 188."). The preparation for if was one year less than 
 
 [ 413 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 for the A. B. course. The students enrolled in the study were 
 listed separately in the catalogues of 1886-7. The degree of 
 C. E. was first conferred in 1887 on Bruce Davis, F. E. Fenno 
 aud W. S. Twining. The practical character of the course 
 brought it much favor and the forceful personality of Pro- 
 fessor W. T. Button as a teacher led to the building up of a 
 strong department. 
 
 A new older in the curriculum was again evolved when 
 Dr. Crawford took the presidency of the college He profited 
 by the experience of the leading institutions. Recitation peri- 
 ods being made an hour in length, one hundred and eighty 
 term hours were necessary for graduation. The elective 
 system was promptly expanded in 1801 to embrace The Senior 
 year. All courses of study were treated more alike. The 
 required work was increased in the Sophomore year, leaving 
 but one-fourth of the subjects elective. In the Junior year, 
 one-half of the studies were required; also in the Senior until 
 the third term, when all studies were elective with one ex- 
 ception. About two-thirds of the work of four years was 
 prescribed. 
 
 The number of elective studies open at first was thirty; it 
 had grown to forty-three by 1000 and to seventy-three by 1000. 
 The tendency was confirmed to have the first two years of col- 
 lege given to required work, reduce the Junior year to one or 
 two compulsory subjects and have the Senior open to electives 
 entirely. The scientific coarse of study as it had been stressed 
 in the Forties was restored in 100.") with changes. Its comple- 
 tion gave the B. S. degree. This degree had also been awarded 
 to the civil engineers since 1807. 
 
 The final adjustment of the curriculuinu came in 1011, 
 Rather radical changes brought the college into harmony with 
 the new order in education, yet the action taken was not inii- 
 talive. The new system was evolved after many months' inves- 
 tigation of the experiences ami needs of Allegheny. The result 
 is one reflecting the genius and the individuality of the old 
 college. At tin' same time it has become a pioneer among many 
 modern institutions in the solution of its scholastic problem. 
 
 The familiar courses of study were abolished, and eight 
 groups created. The Greek and Latin, Latin and Modern Lan- 
 
 I H4 1
 
 II I STORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 guage, Modern Language, English, History and Philosophy 
 groups lead to the A. B. degree. The Biology, Chemistry, 
 Physics and Mathematics groups lead to the B. S. degree. This 
 new arrangement however is a modi tied form of the group 
 system as followed at Johns Hopkins University and else- 
 where. A student after finally choosing his group as a Sopho- 
 more must pursue the principal study of that group for three 
 years, and the minor study two years. He must also take the 
 studies which go with the group, but having the opportunity 
 of work in four departments. 
 
 The change as to electives was also material. Tin' system 
 as developed in Allegheny up to 1011 had allowed free choice 
 of about one-half of all the college work, few restrictions hav- 
 ing remained in the Junior and Senior years. Now the list of 
 free electives was reduced to less than one year's work. The 
 same number of electives was offered, and they had reached one 
 hundred and forty, but the choice of the student was restricted 
 to be in harmony with the group under which he registered 
 and to have a sequence. He is directed as to his studies within 
 these bounds for three-fourths of his college work. Thus has 
 been gained concentration and definite training for the ma- 
 triculate. 
 
 This program of groups and electives necessitated a sur- 
 render by the old classical guard. Mathematics was put on 
 the elective list for certain groups, though its entrance re- 
 quirements were kept high. Two years and a half of algebra 
 and geometry are demanded. The Latin requirement for 
 Freshmen specializing in modern languages was reduced 
 from four to two years. In fact it is possible to secure an 
 A. B. without Latin. The so-called fifteen Carnegie units were 
 made the condition for entrance into college. 
 
 Flexibility was imparted in the range and the amount of 
 credits allowed to students coming to Allegheny. New sub- 
 jects put on the list were zoology, botany and geology, in- 
 creased credits were allowed to the entering candidate in for- 
 eign languages, English, history and science; three units to the 
 latter two. However, entrance certificates are accepted from 
 graduates of four-year high schools only. In special cases 
 
 [ 415 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 examinations are given for additional units to students from 
 certain high standard schools of three years' course. 
 
 The civil engineering course was strengthened by addi- 
 tional subjects, but was not brought into conformity with the 
 group system until 1913. This action then was taken because 
 Allegheny did not possess the large means needed to equip an 
 engineering department that could compete with the technical 
 institutions. Mr. Arthur AY. Thompson. '97, the most distin- 
 guished graduate of the engineering alumni, at the Centennial 
 conference of engineers in Meadville, June 23, 1013, thus ex- 
 pressed his conviction as to this policy: 
 
 "The course now given in Allegheny will prepare young men in 
 such a manner that they may enter engineering schools and receive the 
 degree of civil, electrical or mining engineers and reflect credit upon 
 the old institution. I believe today too much attention is centered 
 upon special subjects. This plan has turned out a number of needed 
 specialists, but its foil is found in its failure to produce a sufficiency of 
 managers, men capable of handling big work in all of its various and 
 difficult phases, men who can initiate, prosecute and bring to successful 
 termination projects in the several lines of business. 
 
 The general knowledge to be gained in Allegheny under present 
 conditions, and especially in view of the intimate personal association 
 with the president, professors and tutors that belongs to the atmo- 
 sphere of the college, and which is so stimulating and invigorating and 
 helpful, makes possible a promising career for young men who are 
 painstaking, assiduous, energetic students." 
 
 The new system of the groups of study has worked well in 
 the main and undoubtedly advanced the standard of scholar- 
 ship. For the growth of Allegheny educationally has been the 
 truly significant fact of its history in the Twentieth Century. 
 It is the chief distinction of the administration of 1'resident 
 Crawford. In the decade of 11)02-12, the number of graduates 
 increased 807c. In the United States, the large increase lias 
 been in technical schools and State universities. But only 
 \'.V'< of these had a higher percentage of growth in the decade 
 than Allegheny. This advance in many institutions has come 
 because of new departments or sweeping modifications of cur- 
 ricula. Allegheny has merely developed the departments of 
 twenty years ago and maintained its policy of concentration 
 
 r 4io i
 
 HISTORY OP ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 of emphasis on the cultural functions of the college. Eighty 
 per cent of its graduates in the decade received the A. B., while 
 in twenty-three other colleges only '2\'/< took the A. B. Irs 
 increase lias not been due to any change of ideals or bread and 
 butter policy. If in future years the number of graduates 
 receiving the B. S. shall largely increase, the traditions of the 
 institution as a liberal arts college will nevertheless not have 
 been lost. 
 
 The choice of departments by students in the past seven 
 years has been as follows: 
 
 1908-9 J909-10 1910-11 1911-12 1912-H 1913-14 1914-15 
 
 English 268 259 327 299 335 326 280 
 
 Romance Languages ... 123 94 111 169 193 188 214 
 
 German 84 111 122 1 5 6 202 215 217 
 
 Bible and Philosophy... 189 206 189 264 233 318 318 
 
 History and Economics. 188 196 1 8 1 193 25 2 53 259 
 
 Biology and Geology... 98 133 89 104 135 1 5 7 184 
 
 Mathematics 143 145 107 119 9 5 96 8 5 
 
 Physics 56 80 78 70 77 75 72 
 
 Latin Ill 177 185 155 137 12/ 13 3' 
 
 Greek 53 62 44 59 50 60 53 
 
 Chemistry 66 115 1 50 1 S 1 240 224 216 
 
 College Enrollment.... 322 339 357 369 406 4l8 400 
 
 [ H7 ]
 
 .13 fit,.
 
 CHAPTER XIII 
 
 STUDENT LIFE 
 
 NFA1LING interest attaches 
 to the unconventional in col- 
 lege relations. Rules and 
 regulations are concerned 
 with the obvious and the 
 compulsory. The college life 
 that makes the popular ap- 
 peal has for its theme the 
 student outside of the class- 
 room, his enterprises, pranks, schemes and conflicts with 
 authority and his fellows. The true story of the under- 
 graduate is the record of his voluntary activities and asso- 
 ciations. 
 
 The pursuit of learning was a rather solemn tiling to the 
 youth who came to Allegheny in the first quarter century of 
 its history. The interests of the class-room dominated the 
 college life to an extent incomprehensible to a modern student. 
 Only the literary societies received outside attention. The 
 talent and zeal developed in their management and programs 
 were deemed as valuable as the discipline of the course of 
 study. 
 
 Not until the Methodist regime was there any problem as 
 to the housing of the students. Meadville extended but a 
 block north of the Diamond. The "red mill" was on the out- 
 skirts, likewise the residence of President Ruter who was 
 accustomed to take his morning path through the fields to 
 Bentley Hall. Then there was built on the present site of 
 Ruter a structure described as "seven stories long and one 
 story high", and dubbed "Starvation Row''. Another building 
 of two stories was placed later north of the first wooden dor- 
 mitory. Many of the students from these days on to the Civil 
 War period "batched", boarded themselves. The college sup- 
 
 [ 419 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 plied stoves in the basement of Bentley. Others roomed in the 
 distant village or out at the farm houses. 
 
 Meadville was early on the chief stage coach lines. Though 
 later it was slow in getting railroad communication, many 
 distinguished persons were its visitors, such as Harriet Mar- 
 tineau. Audubon. James Buchanan when a senator, and 
 President Taylor. Allegheny takes pride in an inspection of 
 its campus and Bentley Hall, then in process of erection, by 
 Marquis de Lafayette, on June 2. 1825. who, touring the west, 
 passed from Meadville over the Waterford and Erie turnpike. 
 The great French patriot and friend of the United States 
 inscribed his name graciously in the jmest book of the college. 
 
 cfiA/adttu/L. 
 
 
 xyz<r7^isy 
 
 Tiie first fatality in term time came Saturday, Dec. 31. 
 1S37. Archibald McElroy, a student, while skating on French 
 Creek, three miles north of Meadville. was drowned. His 
 fellow students expressed their grief by wearing crepe thirty 
 lays and drafting resolutions of sympathy, published in the 
 Pittsburg Coxfeukxce Journal. A poem of some thirty lines 
 upon the untimely death of McElroy appeared in the Pitls- 
 bni-gh paper also. These called forth a curious criticism by 
 FJev. Robert Boyd. lie complained in print that the resolu- 
 tions had not included disapproval of the worse than usele s 
 
 r 420 1
 
 HISTORY OP ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 practice of skating on ice. He also regretted that so influ- 
 ential a body, as the Allegheny students, had publicly sanc- 
 tioned the wearing of mourning badges. 
 
 Mr. James Reynolds, of Meadville, a Trustee, replied in the 
 Journal that the article of the Methodist preacher was in 
 officious interference that had done no good. The meeting of 
 the students had expressed a natural, profound feeling of 
 grief; had it passed resolutions as to skating, "it might have 
 pleased some Pharisees, but it would have been an ill timed 
 effort to subserve the interests of a doubtful morality". The 
 student body of the period did maintain a high reputation for 
 character, but it was not the last time that the public iias been 
 willing to misinterpret college incidents and attempt to draw 
 unfavorable inferences. McElroy is buried in the college lot 
 in Greendale Cemetery. 
 
 There entered the Faculty in 1838 a man of different type 
 from fhe other ministerial professors. Tl. T. I*. Allen, a grad- 
 uate of "West Point, retained the flavor of his military training. 
 He formed a number of the students into a military company 
 for drill without arms and the movement was highly popular, 
 besides bringing to the boys a better carriage and physique. 
 He also introduced voluntary French classes at his home to 
 which the young women of the village were admitted, thus 
 making the earliest venture in coeducation. Mrs. Allen was a 
 relative of General Andrew Jackson and with true southern 
 hospitality her home was a favorite gathering place for the 
 students. 
 
 The wife of President Homer J. Clark Avas an especially 
 cultured lady. She had graduated at a seminary of distinction 
 and was a writer of merit. She was also gifted as a public 
 speaker and was one of the earliest women of the time to 
 make addresses on missions, temperance and kindred themes. 
 The Clark home was freely open to the students and most con- 
 genial relations were maintained with the townsfolk. Tn 
 fact, fhe matrimonial alliances contracted by the Allegheny 
 men with fhe Meadville belles were fully as numerous over a 
 period of a half century, as in proportion they have been in 
 these latter halcyon years of Hillings Hall. 
 
 [ 421 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 A strict observance of the Sabbath in the Thirties did not 
 save the day from all disorder. The Brick Church was well 
 filled for an evening service one June in the interest of the 
 Colonization Society. Suddenly through the open window s 
 above the voice of the speaker broke the shrill cries, "fire, fire." 
 the 'college", The sanctuary was quickly emptied and the 
 breathless congregation arrived on the Hill to find a worthless 
 outbuilding in flames. The famed library was kept on the 
 third floor of Bentley, seldom revealed to student gaze. Curi- 
 osity got the better of two fresh matriculates. Scaling the 
 wall by the lightning rod, they gazed at midnight upon the 
 treasures. But their lighted candle brought the janitor and a 
 shoe left behind in flight revealed the marauders. The culprits 
 next morning in chapel received reprimand before their fellows. 
 
 Militia training day at the last of June in Meadville was 
 the grand occasion of the year. Certain companies of Crawford 
 County were uniformed, following their fancy as to costume. 
 The Meadville Grays, the Cussewago Rifles, the Meadville 
 Dragoons and the Meadville Artillery made a brave showing 
 on the Diamond as parade ground. But the usual citizen 
 soldiery was a nondescript lot as it assembled by law on 
 muster day. Finally in the late Forties the system fell into 
 such inefficiency, that the Allegheny boys decided to break up 
 the annual review. They hired horses and from the by-streels 
 charged the awkward lines trying to march. A general melee 
 ensued, the charge was repeated, clubs freely used and heads 
 cracked. But this was the end of training day in Crawford. 
 
 The relations between the students and town youth were 
 sometimes strained. In the spring of 1853, the boys led by 
 little Jimmy Thoburn went to Guinnup' on Water street 
 and fitted out with black straw bats. The wholesale demand 
 lowered the price from fifteen cents to a York shilling. Then 
 the crowd in its new headgear started to parade the street. 
 This aroused the local ire and a half-witted lad was tilted with 
 a black straw and sent to march ahead of the Allegheny com- 
 pany. Trouble started at once and several town fellows weiv 
 rolled iu the dirt of the Diamond. The cry of police sent the 
 students on a run up to the campus. Faculty action was 
 
 \ 422 1
 
 HISTORY OP ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 feared next day, so the leaders in the fracas bought a large 
 straw hat for Professor Williams, who lived remote on a 
 farm, and waylaying him en route to chapel asked him to don 
 the new college attire with the boys' compliments. When the 
 professor appeared at the chapel door thus hatted, a frenzy 
 of applause greeted his amazed entrance. With such a recruit 
 for the new fashion. Dr. Barker made no reference to hats or 
 riots. 
 
 This episode of college life started at Port Black. This was 
 the most noted of the boarding houses of the decade. Tt still 
 
 Fort Black 
 
 .stands a mile north of the campus in the rear of the school- 
 house on the suburban trolley line. Here lived James M. Tho- 
 burn, Harvey Henderson and a score of their college mates. 
 There was an intimacy, a give and take that helped much to 
 character foundation. The boys had nicknames for each other, 
 selected from the popular books of the day. Our good bishop 
 of India was known as ''Doctor Billy". Another famous 
 boarding center was Frew's. The distance from the college 
 regulated the price of board, a shilling more or less per week. 
 
 [ 423 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Two miles away with a fanner, lodging and table cost one 
 thirty-seven and a hall'. 
 
 In 1858. Dr. Goes, at the site of the Odd Fellows' Home 
 of today, enjoyed much popularity. Here young William Mc- 
 Kinley and William Osborne lived. Board alone could yet be 
 had for nine shillings. Culver Hall was built to aid in reduc- 
 ing the high cost of living after the Civil War. But in a f ?w 
 years it was more expensive than the private boarding places. 
 In the early Seventies a well-known lodging house was "Calla- 
 han's Ranche" on Liberty street, south of Arch. Culver from 
 a patronage of forty rose to one hundred under the supervision 
 of Professor Reid. In the Hall's early years there was little 
 discipline; much pillaging of rooms prevailed and table man- 
 ners were not the best. With the larger attendance under Dr. 
 Bugbee, conditions improved. But student fan yet ran a 
 lively pace inside its walls, Billy Austin as factotum being a 
 shining mark. 
 
 Culver Hall was the college in microcosm. It was an 
 imperinm in imperio. Its lodgers felt that it was a part of the 
 college training to live there a few terms at least. The one on 
 the inside could see how student lines were drawn. If a matter 
 were broached on the Hill, the sentiment in Culver would 
 settle it. All projects good, bad and indifferent here arose. 
 It was the headquarters of Hallowe'en marauders, military 
 devotees and future missionaries. Followers of baseball and 
 the grinds sat cheek by jowl. The commingling of the diverse 
 (dements made np the corporate opinion of Allegheny. When 
 Culver burned, many had recourse to the Hidings Hall tables, 
 a practice ended in 1804. The fraternity houses after 1SS9 
 brought a now social life. Those not Greeks ate for a score 
 of years at various (dubs, such as Kelly. Farrelly, Hanks. Chau- 
 tauquan. Brown and Colonial. Then the Cochran Commons 
 came to furnish a college home. 
 
 The students were not inclined to fall into partisan groups, 
 save for the literary society demarcation. It was said that 
 the Alleghenians were likely to be Democrats and. future 
 lawyers, while I'hilo-Franklin men were Whigs mostly and 
 preparing for the ministry. A flag raising on the Bentley 
 
 [ 421 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 tower in the Fifties was an outstanding incident in the student 
 memory for long years. It was a Democratic banner and 
 1'rofessor Kingsley drove its defenders down the stairs. The 
 Whig janitor, T. II. Hagerty, had the duty of removing the 
 cause of the commotion, hut hits of the flag were worn to 
 church by those who seized it. A student on crutches. Joseph 
 McCarty, was a pronounced abolitionist of the time, but in the 
 main there were few agitators in college on either side. 
 
 In the days of President John Barker compositions and 
 declamations were required throughout the college course. 
 At morning chapel, after the roll call and prayer, there would 
 follow declamations by four students. The Seniors four times 
 in the year must pronounce original orations. Dr. Barker had 
 the practice of reading the speeches in advance and he would 
 announce the orators after his estimate of their excellence, the 
 best composition coming last. Honors upon the Commence- 
 ment stage were indicated in the valedictory, the Greek saluta- 
 tory and the Latin salutatory. 
 
 These three scholastic prizes were sought eagerly by the 
 graduates, since they were conferred upon the basis of class 
 standing, while the oratorical honors in the literary societies 
 were gained by election. For more than two decades the cus- 
 tom prevailed. In 1875, the first honors were Avon by Miss 
 Annie M. Warner, now Mrs. F. A. Hempstead of Meadville, 
 and the second by Miss Julia Morum, now Mrs. H. F. Bligh, of 
 Warsaw, N. Y. No awards were made in subsequent years. 
 The "Mosaic" of the Ossoli Literary Society in 1870 had the 
 following sentiment: 
 
 ".Tack and (Jill went up the Hill to Allegheny College; 
 In davs gone by Jack went alone. 
 And down came tumbling honors. 
 But now, alas! for fear of Gill 
 ITis honors all are "goners". 
 
 The campus of Allegheny from earliest times was esteemed 
 for its superiority of location. The desire to improve it and 
 enhance its natural beauty has been perennial. Notwithstand- 
 ing orders by the Trustees in 1836 to plant trees, it was Dr. 
 
 [ 42r, ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Barker who had a successful series of arbor days on the Hill. 
 The fruits of the labors of love of many students in the Fifties 
 are the glory and the pride of the college grounds of today. 
 
 The earliest tree of record that is known and the noblest 
 of them all is the elm planted by Dr. Jonathan Hamnett, '39, 
 when he was a student. The fantastic shape of its great limbs 
 has caused some to call it the Lyre Tree. Its location is most 
 prominent, near Ruter Hall doorway, which is so beautiful in 
 classic simplicity of architectural detail. It stands a sturdy 
 sentinel, guarding the building which for half a century housed 
 the student body in its daily chapel gathering. 
 
 The hickory in front of the east portico of Bentley was 
 planted by Rev. J. C. High, '53, who in the centennial year of 
 the college recalls the occasion vividly. The pine out from the 
 northeast corner of Wilcox Hall was placed by Bishop Tho- 
 burn, '57, and the pine directly in front of Hillings by Col. 
 J. AY. H. Reisinger, '56. J. D. Stevens, '50, planted the pine in 
 the center of the inner campus, south of the walk. The row of 
 elms along Main street opposite Cochran Hall makes an appro- 
 priate scholastic setting. One of them, planted by W. P. 
 McElwain, '85, bears a silver plate high up on its trunk, em- 
 bedded in the bark. 
 
 An ancient broad chestnut tree was removed from the knoll 
 on the campus that the library now occupies. The several 
 splendid chestnuts along the ravine were wisely located by 
 now unknown hands. The Circle of Bines between Ford Me- 
 morial Chapel and the Observatory was planted by the class 
 of 1873, oue tree for eacli member, fifteen in all. It is still 
 complete, but for one tree which died and was removed. Tra- 
 dition would have had it that with the circle of '73 entered 
 by death, there followed a loss in the group of pines. 
 
 Student fancy of today traces odd resemblances in the trees 
 that grace the lawns and shade the walks. Between Bentley 
 and Hulings Hall grows a great silver poplar. In outline it 
 presents the form of a hand. Seen from the walk near Bentley, 
 the hand is opened with palm facing, the thumb extending out, 
 pointing over the walk; the symbolism is evident. It is the 
 
 [ 427 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 mighty Hand of Knowledge, reaching outward and upward, 
 embracing all. 
 
 By the circling walk to the library stands the Seven 
 Sisters, another poplar of singular beauty. The cluster of six 
 trees from a single root is in the summer time like a huge 
 spray of grey, silvery stems and shimmering foliage. Feminine 
 invention in Allegheny has a tale of a maiden, an Hamadryad, 
 the dweller in the seventh tree, who, drawn from her home by 
 love of a student, that passed by chance, forgot to return 
 before the first ray of dawn to her sisters. The spirit of this 
 seventh sister wanders homeless, so they say, on the moonlit 
 campus, while the tree that sheltered her was blighted and 
 died years ago. 
 
 Distinctive class performances on the Hill seem in the 
 early instances to have been in the main the work of the 
 Sophomores or the Freshmen. The "dead languages'' were 
 buried Monday evening, June 22, 1874. The procession started 
 from Culver Hall at 9:30 p. m. The Sophomores were in 
 costumes. Freshmen and "preps" were in the ranks. The 
 funeral exercises were given in Greek and an oration was pro- 
 nounced in Latin. The interment of the texts was on the 
 campus, which had been brilliantly decorated with lanterns. 
 
 The program in June, 1875, was more elaborate and was 
 changed. It was the unveiling of a monument on the campus 
 to the dead languages. The procession started from the Stone 
 Church and was headed by the College Band, the students 
 singing "Marching Through Meadville". A large company 
 gathered on the Hill. Bentley was illuminated with many 
 lanterns. The Meadville Silver Cornet Band rendered selec- 
 tions. The officiating parson read extracts from the classics 
 and the Ghost of' Cicero appeared in the person of Andrew C. 
 Ellis. '7S, Avho made so erudite and witty an address, that it 
 also was hailed as a classic. 
 
 The Sophomores varied their program again in June, 1877, 
 when Calculus was cremated in the presence of a Meadville 
 and college assembly. The next year Matthew Matics was 
 tried and executed. The Sophomore performance of 1870 was 
 transferred to the opera house and an admission charged. 
 
 [ +20 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 The nature of the exercises had changed, becoming personal, 
 and was largely a burlesque of members of the Senior class. 
 "Beelzebub Let Loose" or the "Vagaries of Allegheny Col- 
 lege'', a play in verse by C. M. Snyder, '82, held the stage 
 next commencement. It ridiculed the Faculty as well as the 
 Seniors. 
 
 Prohibition of similar class exploits followed, but the 
 Sophomores in 1SS1 by a ruse rented the opera house and gave 
 an entertainment aimed at the Seniors alone. There was a 
 minstrel show, an impersonation of S. M. Decker, the all- 
 round athlete, and a portrayal of the Class of 1883. twenty 
 years later. The Sophs pocketed the proceeds of a crowded 
 house. A farce of some merit, entitled "When the Cat's Away, 
 the Mice Will Play", was written by C. M. Snyder in 1882. 
 The scene was Hillings Hall, but the dramatic presentation 
 was at the Exchange Hotel. Franklin. 
 
 The first class day exercises by the Seniors occurred in 
 1879 and the custom was continued three years, when a politi- 
 cal deadlock caused no speakers to be chosen. The Class of 
 1887 in its Freshman year conducted an ambitious enterprise 
 with much credit. It published The Owl, a monthly paper 
 appearing from November, 1881, to June. 1885. It was a 
 spirited rival to The Campus. Its editors were H. E. Smith. 
 O. J. Mason. F. H. Shaw, E. B. Bodley, J. B. Ford, Jr., Homer 
 J. Clark. Harriot Reitze. Lillian Fradenburgh. Gertrude 
 Douglas, Ernest Merrick and W. M. Yard. 
 
 But the most notable achievement of any of the lower 
 undergraduate classes in Allegheny was the writing and the 
 staging of "Captain Dutton" by the Class of 1800 in its 
 Freshman year. 
 
 The play created so great a furore because it was founded 
 on local college facts, cleverly dramatized, and put on the 
 boards with amazing skill and accuracy. Captain Dutton, 
 purporting to be of the V. S. army and an expert in geology. 
 came to Meadville in January, 1887. He completely deceived 
 Major Fuller, the officer detailed at Allegheny. He lectured 
 to the science classes, talked in chapel, was feted by the citi- 
 zens, and then suddenly moved on, leaving some financial 
 
 [ 430 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 losses. The cast was: Captain Button, F. C. Bray; Major 
 Fuller, Win. McNair; H. L. Richmond, Dr. Hamnett and Jack 
 Rogers, J. A. Wakefield; Sincie Sawbuck, B. E. Williamson; 
 Professor Montgomery, J. R. Anderson; Dr. Wheeler and 
 Harry Dick, X. A. Flood; Dr. Williams and Col. Dick. G. H. 
 Fuller; Dr. Luccock, E. A. Hersperger; Mr. Roschi and Dr. 
 Stillwell, C. L. Howe; Professor Newlin, I). H. Dunn; Bellboy, 
 Harry Barrett. 
 
 College pranks run a certain cycle. There were a few 
 main tricks in Allegheny often repeated. The belfry of 
 Bentley has been the frequent goal of the fancied daring of 
 the fledgling on the Hill. The number of purloined bell clap- 
 pers through the student generations is legion. The tying of 
 a calf or a dog in the professor's chair, putting a cow in the 
 tower, tearing up the board walks, and filling the chapel in 
 the night time with hay or oats seemed doubtless at the time 
 deeds of mighty prowess. But the lettering of the front of 
 Ruter with the legend ''Megatherium Stable, J. Tingley, 
 Hostler", smacks decidedly of the vandal, whether perpetrated 
 on college or other property. Modern athletics has become 
 happily a convenient safety valve for the excessive vitality 
 and ingenuity of the undergraduate. 
 
 The strategy of class against class afforded a fertile field 
 for enterprise and enthusiasm. In the spring of '78, the Class 
 of 1880 placed on the campus, near Bentley, a great boulder 
 and had it graven with "Spes sibi quisque Sophomores of 
 1880." The Freshmen took this as a challenge and one dark 
 night rolled the rock of offence into the deep ravine across 
 the driveway. The chapel procession of the morning noted the 
 vacant site by the walk, but on the following day there the 
 ,_ ; Sophomore stone stood 
 
 as if by magic on the 
 former spot of vantage. 
 Block, cable, greased 
 planks, and sturdy fel- 
 lows had performed the 
 labor while the enemy 
 slept. Thereafter an 
 armed guard held the 
 
 [ 431 ]
 
 HISTOKY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 adjacent office of President Bugbee until the peril of a second 
 removal had passed. 
 
 An unusual class fight was that of '90 with '91, the Fresh- 
 men. The scene of the encounter was on French Creek at tha 
 Twin Sisters islands, which were fortified by the Sophomores. 
 Many of the contestants were thoroughly immersed. The 
 Senior-Sophomore banquet with its conditions of secret prepa- 
 ration was the occasion of many stirring quests and encoun- 
 ters with rival classes. Serious hazing never took place, but 
 a practice of many years was "bouncing'', in which the Fresn- 
 man or objectionable party was tossed in a blanket or the 
 cannon tarpaulin. 
 
 An exploit that was well executed was the appearance at a 
 chapel service in 1889 of the young women in the attire of 
 nuns. This was the feminine reply to a stricture passed upon 
 Hillings Hall. The incident had extensive publicity in the 
 press. In recent years the men of the Senior Class of 1911 
 gained some notoriety by growing beards ; then they conducted 
 a periodical. "Whiskers", to apprize the college world of their 
 success. 
 
 A phenomenon of college life often recurrent from an early 
 period was the anonymous publication, attacking students, 
 Faculty and townsfolk. The first appearance in 1855 was a 
 burlesque on the graduation program. In the first issues 
 there was an attempt at wit, but the fact of the secrecy of 
 the sheet tended to make it scurrilous and flagrantly obscene. 
 The paper purported usually to be published at the office of 
 the I'ittshurc; Christian Advocate. Before the Civil War 
 there appeared the "Comet" and the "Comet's Tail"; later the 
 "Hornet"', the "Thunderbolt", the "Wasp" and the "Kanga- 
 roo': in the Bngbee regime "Tutor et Ultor" and later, the 
 "Xighthawk" and the "Tarantula". Dr. Bngbee made a vig- 
 orous effort to break np the practice. Rewards for detection 
 were offered, a consignment seized and a prosecution made 
 in the courts ;il large expense. 
 
 College journalism begun in 187(5. The Camim's was is- 
 sued monthly ;is a private enterprise by ;i senior. ;i junior, 
 and ;i sophomore. When Maxwell, '7'.). was graduate'!, an 
 
 [ W2 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 editorial corps with a chairman and four heads of depart- 
 ments took charge. The profits or loss went to the manager 
 and the paper ran through eight volumes on this basis. In 
 this period the Campus maintained a high standard. The 
 editorials of Wayne Whipple, '77, A. C. Ellis, '78, W. C. Wil- 
 son, '80, W. F. Oldham, '83, J. A. Vance, '83 discussed ably 
 and freely all phases of college interests. The Faculty did 
 
 Campus Stockholders of 1887-88 
 Bray, Mattern, Nutt, Siling-, A. C. Lindsay, Varner, W. Z. Smith, 
 F. C. Lindsay, H. E. Smith, 
 
 Wood, Proper, Gibson, 
 
 Stubbs, Anderson, McNair, Laffer, Cattern, Grove, Brown, Deming, Howell. 
 
 Dunn, 
 Couse, Flood, Jason, Crowthers. 
 
 for a time supervise the editing, but in 1880 entire responsi- 
 bility for the contents was lodged in the chief editor. 
 
 When volume one of the new series was begun in 1884, 
 a stock company of students had assumed control. Fifty 
 shares at one dollar each were issued and the holders elected 
 the board of editors. Fraternity lines being so strictly 
 drawn in the college, it was inevitable that certain groups 
 strove for a controlling interest. The nominal value of the 
 
 [ 433 ]
 
 HI STOP Y OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 shares had been increased to two dollars, but the market 
 value mounted to fifty in the spring of 1887, when a dead- 
 lock of six weeks prevented a choice of an editor in chief. 
 The legal ownership of one certificate was the bone of con- 
 tention and the college Trustees had to adjudicate the dis- 
 pute. 
 
 Through these years the periodical, now a bi-weekly, 
 reached the highest pitch of excellence. The literary work 
 of C. W. Proctor, '85, F. H. Shaw, '87. H. E. Smith/88, W. 
 L. Siling. '90, S. S. Marquis, '90, J. A. Gibson, '91 and B. C. 
 Heydrick. '93, with their associates has not been surpassed. 
 Two noted associates were F. C. Bray, '00, of the Inde- 
 pendent, and Frederick Palmer, the war correspondent. The 
 stock of the Campus came to be exclusively held in the fra- 
 ternities, so that the assignment of editors was a matter of 
 rotation and the benefit of a limited competition was lost. 
 By the protest of the non-fraternity men in 1002, the old 
 order was displaced and a new staff yearly chosen on the 
 basis of merit and literary contributions for nine months. 
 A few men of sterling worth have been developed each season 
 by this plan. The chief editors chosen were: J. G. Nelson 
 in 1903-4, F. E. Baker, 1905, J. R. Crawford, 1000, F. L. La 
 Bounty, 1007, H. K. Dennis, 1008. AY. L. Stidger, 100!), J. AY. 
 Barkley, 1010, P. M. Hillman, 1011, T. Hughes. 1912, C. S. 
 Miller. 1913, P. W. Johnston, 1014. ('. L. Mulfinger, 1915, 
 and AY. A. Ellis. 1010. 
 
 The Allegheny Literary Monthly was launched in Oc- 
 tober. 1S00. The Campus had come to be the organ of the 
 fraternities and many felt it did not represent the best lit- 
 erary ability of the college. Plans had been made in the 
 spring; active encouragement was received from Aliss Ida 
 M, Tarbell and Dr. John W. Pen-in. the professor of History 
 and Politics, stood sponsor for the periodical. lie predicted 
 that the editors in future years would return to find the 
 "Lit" a power in Allegheny life. Charles C. Taylor. '07. was 
 made editor in chief and D. S. Swaney. '07. the business 
 manager. The first year was not a financial success, but the 
 standard of the monthly was high. 
 
 [ 434 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 ' Its two fold purpose had been to foster literary ability 
 in all the students, and to arouse the alumni to an interest 
 in their alma mater. Many articles came from the alumni; 
 the poetry was commendable, but there was a lack of fiction. 
 Mr. Taylor was a practical printer, who has become the 
 proprietor of the Chautauqua Print Shop. Mr. Swaney is 
 now with Ginn & Co. For the second year of the ''Lit", 
 T. Ivan Bordwell, '99, Y. M. C. A. Secretary at San Paulo, 
 Brazil, was editor in chief and C. R. Davis, 91), a successful 
 lawyer of New Castle, was business manager. 
 
 The competitive plan for the choice of editors was ex- 
 tended to the Monthly after it was adopted for the Campus. 
 The periodical has never had a large circulation, but its 
 typographical appearance has always been especially attrac- 
 tive. The alumni feature has been abandoned in late years, 
 possibly because of the small support by the graduates. The 
 "Lit" has encouraged in the student body very commendable 
 short story writing. One of the most novel of its issues was 
 that of .June, 1909, containing a collection of the early poems 
 of W. L. Stidger, the rival editor of the Campus. 
 
 The first year book was published in 1880 and was called 
 the Alleghenian. It was a modest volume bound in paper. 
 The Greek Letter societies were the editors, but as not all 
 were represented the plan was abandoned after four num- 
 bers. The first "Kaldron" made its appearance in 1888 and 
 then the fraternity men of the Junior class supplied the 
 editorial board. The secret societies kept control until 1908. 
 Later, an electoral board, chosen yearly by the subscribers to 
 the volume, selects the staff of editors. 
 
 An attractive volume of Allegheny stories was edited in 
 1902 by C II. Slease and P. P. Whitehill. Some of the con- 
 tributors were Frederick Palmer, Ida M. Tarbell, Alice Crit- 
 tenden Derby and others. Lecture courses have been given 
 under student auspices at intervals. One in 1800 by the 
 Allegheny Literary Society brought to Meadville Horace 
 Greeley, Henry Ward Peecher, Bayard Taylor and John G. 
 Saxe. Talent then was fifty dollars a night and the boys 
 realized that amount tenfold on their season. The Ossili So- 
 
 [ 435 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 ciety gave a course in 1878 and a group of upper classmen con- 
 ducted a course in 1888. 
 
 Athletics were tardily developed in Allegheny. Inter-col- 
 legiate contests were difficult to arrange because of the loca- 
 tion of Meadville. The baseball epidemic of the Sixties 
 reached the college. There were first and second nines, but 
 all contests were with local or neighboring city clubs. In 
 the game of June 22, 18G7 with the Mutuals of Meadville, 
 the score was 51 to 11 in favor of the town team. Allegheny 
 caught twenty fly balls, the Mutuals ten ; each missed five. 
 In 1873 a series of three games was played with the Oil 
 Stockings of Franklin, the college winning. The pitcher and 
 catcher were McKelvey and McClintock. 
 
 Being one of the first colleges to have the detail of a U. 
 S. officer, the introduction of military tactics at Allegheny 
 deeply impressed the student life. The uniform was seen 
 in the class room as well as upon the drill ground. But the 
 change of commandant every three years did not work well 
 for the battalion. The plan to base official promotion on 
 scholastic standing also caused friction. The lack of an 
 armory on the Hill was a serious handicap. Yet the Com- 
 mencement review, the outing at Conneaut Lake, the ex- 
 periences of a Camp Aver and various other incidents make 
 the military service of very many alumni one of the most 
 prized recollections of their college days. 
 
 The earliest athletic association of the college was organ- 
 ized in 1880 and held a field meet of twelve events on May 
 27th at Island Park. Sport and learning were happily com- 
 bined by giving the winner of the mile walk a volume of 
 Shakespeare. Baseball still enjoyed favor and grounds were 
 secured and graded. In 1880, the interest centered around 
 the rival clubs of the Allegheny, Philo Franklin and Athenian 
 Literary Societies. The athletic organization had an erratic 
 career. The Campus in 1800 said in disgust, "This is a col- 
 lege without sports, leading so far as the student's life is 
 concerned a dreary attenuation of a dismal spark of exis 
 tence." 
 
 The coming of Lt. Cree to t lie battalion led to a sharp 
 
 [ 436 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 revival in athletic interest. A baseball trip was taken to 
 the colleges of Western Pennsylvania in 1891. Washington 
 and Jefferson, who had cancelled a game in May, challenged 
 to football in November, but it was to be several years be- 
 fore an eleven was put in the field. The seasons of 1S92 and 
 1S9.'5 brought the best ball nines the college had known. D. 
 S. Darragh, a stalwart of six feet four, and W. R. Murphy 
 were the almost invincible pitchers and F. H. Sisley, the re 
 liable catcher. 
 
 The college body was welded into a real enthusiasm and 
 for the first time in many years every student felt and took 
 a common interest in an Allegheny cause. The athletic associ- 
 ation bought the grandstand and the fence of the Island 
 Park grounds down town and student energy removed them 
 to the site back of the present gymnasium. The structure 
 erected by the boys, dubbed the "Baldhead grandstand," 
 was not architecturally handsome, but highly serviceable. It 
 was the brave forerunner of the well-appointed Montgomery 
 Field of today. 
 
 In the keen desire to produce winning teams, the pro- 
 fessional element had to be resisted. Whatever success has 
 come to Allegheny in athletics is largely due to the rigid 
 insistence upon the amateur standing of all who represent 
 the college. Before this policy was entirely adopted, a ques- 
 tionable hoax was worked on the president of a neighboring 
 college, who asked if any of the visiting ball club would lead 
 in prayer at chapel. There was pointed out to him the hired 
 catcher, who always wore a white tie, and when in Meadville 
 a white apron. The pseudo-Alleghenian was too overwhelmed 
 when he was named to lead the devotions to make any sort 
 of a reply, while his companions were scarcely in the proper 
 spirit of the hour. 
 
 Football teams existed on paper and the students prac- 
 ticed against each other some years before a full inter-col- 
 legiate schedule was played in 1S99. Games were for a time 
 had with Ohio institutions, but the College Conference re- 
 lations limited outside contests and the area within which 
 Allegheny is able to arrange a schedule is circumscribed. Irs 
 
 [ 437 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 doughtiest battles Lave been with Carnegie Technical Insti- 
 tute. Baseball has not realized the promise of earlier years, 
 though at intervals creditable teams have been turned out, 
 a notable example being that coached by Branch Rickey in 
 1906. 
 
 It is basketball in which the fame of Allegheny has been 
 preeminent. The opening of the gymnasium saw this sport 
 at once take a lead it has kept for fifteen years. Most of 
 the "stars" of the teams were developed in college. The game 
 
 S<iuad of 1915 
 
 is very popular with class lives. S. (\ Lampe, '(KJ, of IMtts- 
 burgh is commonly known as "the fattier of basketball." 
 Allegheny lias produced not a few excellent, all-round ath- 
 letes. In an incomplete list of these are, W. II. Pratt, '!)(!, in 
 baseball, W. S. Borland, '00, of Oil City, baseball, football 
 and basketball, captain in three sports, .1. M. Griffith, '02, 
 baseball, A. S. Frazier,'02, football and basketball, R. N. Taylor 
 02, basketball. W. H. Taylor, '0.'{, baseball and football, \. 
 G. Williams, 'O.'i. football and basketball. F. M. McArthur, 
 
 [ 438 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 '05, basketball, A. >V. Comfort, '05, baseball, football aud 
 basketball, E. M. Giesey, '08, basketball, W. J. McQuiston, 
 '0J), football, C. I). Baker, '10, basketball and baseball, E. P. 
 Kennedy, '11, football, H. D. Firestone, '11, basketball, H. 
 T. Lavely, '12, football, W. 1>. Dotterer, '13, football, L. L. 
 Hawk, '13, football, basketball and baseball. 
 
 Track athletics have made the largest progress of recent 
 years. The facilities are now adequate to develop excellent 
 teams for all events. More students are enteriny; the inter- 
 
 A Field Meet 
 
 class contests yearly. An interscholastic meet for t he high 
 schools in a radius of sixty miles is an important annual 
 event at Montgomery Field. 
 
 Student life exhibits the tendency of social structure out- 
 side the college to have many organizations. Several groups 
 in Allegheny are associated with the departments. They 
 serve both a social and a scholastic purpose and the interest 
 given to them is vigorous and wholesome. The Scientific 
 Club llonrished in 1S74 in the time of Dr. Tingley. It was 
 
 [ 439 ]
 
 HISTOKY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 revived under Dr. Montgomery and since 1913 is known as 
 the Tingley Biological Club. The Classical Club began in 
 189G and is a strong adjunct to the work in Greek and Latin. 
 The Quill Club was formed in 1899 to promote college 
 journalism and press correspondence. It later took a broad- 
 er literary purpose. 
 
 The German Club began in 1906 and Le Petit Salon in 
 1909 and each is aggressively maintained. The Modern 
 Problems Club originated in 1913 for the study of social 
 questions and is open to the history department students. 
 The prospective clergymen started the Thoburn Club in 1907 
 and dramatic interests are fostered with the men by the 
 Duzer Du Society of 1908 and with the women by the Klee- 
 o-Kleet of 1911. The chemical men have a chapter of Alpha 
 Chi Sigma, the honor secret society of the chemists in a score 
 of American universities and technical schools. The inter- 
 collegiate debaters are found in the national society of Delta 
 Sigma Eho. Glee clubs and brass bands have been inter- 
 mittent features since the Seventies. 
 
 The Christian Associations play an important integral 
 part in the college life. They occupy attractive rooms and 
 carry on many helpful activities. They have promoted the 
 voluntary mission study classes and presented the needs of 
 the foreign fields. Several students are now missionaries be- 
 cause of the work of the two associations. 
 
 It is a moot question whether there is such a thing as the 
 Allegheny spirit. Possibly it is yet in the making. Coedu- 
 cation gradually in the Eighties had a distinct influence up- 
 on the life on the Hill. In the main, there has been a sanity 
 in the relation of the sexes. The old grad will insist there 
 never have been days like those of the canal with its frequent 
 boating parties of the springtime. Feminine scholarship 
 has not declined in these latter years, while the masculine 
 mind provides a worthy rival. Self-government by the young 
 women of Hidings Hall is a well established system. 
 
 The charge has been frequently made that the intensity of 
 the fraternity spirit in Allegheny has been an injury to the 
 place. For not a few students the secret society was bigger 
 
 [ 440 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 than the college. When new educational ideals were arising 
 and the response was slow, the future of Allegheny 
 uncertain, there was often a sad lack of unity of senti- 
 ment and a lapse of sturdy loyalty to the old college under 
 all circumstances. A visitor from Cornell in 1889 commented, 
 "so many of you here seem to delight in depreciating the 
 merits of your own institution." The Campus was forced to 
 admit that the average Alleghenian of that time was a "con- 
 stant growler." 
 
 In the new "old Allegheny," the college has been put first. 
 Recent classes have expressed their devotion in some gift 
 that is for the good of all, indicating a genuine love for alma 
 mater. Instances are the artistic sundial, presented by 1899, 
 the gateway pillars on Main street by 1903 and on Park 
 avenue by 1905, the portal to Montgomery Field by 1910 and 
 1911, the fine memorial tablet to Timothy Alden by 1908 an<! 
 the centennial one to the Founders by 1915. Cochran Hall 
 breeds a singleness of feeling by its intimate association of 
 the freshmen as its guests during the initial year of their stu- 
 dent life. 
 
 The all-college banquet on Feb. 22, has been a large factor 
 in nurturing college enthusiasm and spirit. Founders' Dav 
 has brought instructive messages about the past to the pres- 
 ent generation. Precedent and tradition have been zealous- 
 ly encouraged by the senior and upper class organizations. 
 Moving-up Day and procession, class day exercises and fare- 
 wells are fixed customs. College singing is a feature of value, 
 but the distinctive Allegheny airs are few, considering the cen- 
 tury of history that has elapsed. 
 
 When there is such a basis for jubilation as the abound- 
 ing material prosperity of Allegheny, a quickening of college 
 zeal is a natural consequence. The enlarged athletic ac- 
 tivities have meant a deeper common interest. The Allegheny 
 spirit is in process of evolution. It takes a new pride in the 
 past of the college. It includes an intense love of country, 
 for the sons of Allegheny have demonstrated their patriotism. 
 It has a genuine sympathy with democracy. It estimates a 
 man by his individual worth rather than his social standing. 
 It recognizes the increasing call of the age to the service of 
 one's fellowmen. 
 
 [ 441 ]
 
 Sun Dial of "99
 
 CHAPTER XIV 
 
 ALUMNI AND FORMER STUDENTS 
 
 HATEVER the religious aus- 
 pices dominant in Allegheny, 
 the training of its students 
 through the century was not 
 markedly vocational, that is, 
 looking toward the pulpit as a 
 career. The reiterated idea of 
 the function of the college was 
 the forming of intellectual 
 character fitted for usefulness 
 in the world. 
 
 Allegheny alumni have 
 gained distinction in many 
 fields of endeavor and in widely 
 separated areas. From 1835 to 
 1SG0 one-half to two-thirds of the members of each gradu- 
 ating class made their careers outside of Pennsylvania. In the 
 earliest years of the college the profession of law was the 
 favorite choice of the alumni ; also after the Methodist pat- 
 ronage began, the percentage of those who became attorneys 
 was large. With this training it was natural that many went 
 into public life. The profession of education attracted also 
 not a few of the best graduates, who have come to posts of dis- 
 tinction. In latter years the number is increasing of the 
 alumni who specialize for teaching by graduate work in various 
 universities. Medicine, business, engineering and social ser- 
 vice have many worthy representatives from Allegheny's 
 ranks. 
 
 ALUMNI IN THE STATIC 
 
 In the Hall of Statuary at the Capitol in AVashington for 
 the group of the illustrious of the nation. West Virginia made 
 as its choice Francis H. Pierpont, ? 39, its war governor. As a 
 
 [ 443 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 citizen of the section of the Old Dominion that was free from 
 slavery 7 in 1861, Pierpont had taken a leading part in resist- 
 ance to the secession of Virginia, voted April 17 at Richmond. 
 A union convention was called May 11th at Wheeling, and 
 here he devised the plan which was closely followed by a state 
 
 Gov. F. H. Pierpont 
 
 convention that met July 12. This body declared the olhce 
 of governor vacant and decreed that the state be ruled by 
 loyal men. 
 
 Pierpont was chosen governor of the ''restored govern- 
 ment of the State of Virginia". He at once notified Presi- 
 dent Lincoln of the rebellion within its borders, asking for 
 
 r 444 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 aid. General McClellan was sent to Western Virginia and the 
 new executive had Wheeling- for his capital until 1863. Then 
 he removed to Alexandria until the close of the war. He was 
 re-elected by the Union people for a term of four years. 
 
 It was a trying time and the member of the Class of 1839 
 acquitted himself with high honor. He stood firmly for effi- 
 cient administration and political righteousness. He was 
 later a member of the state legislature and took Federal office 
 in 1881 as internal revenue collector. He early became a 
 communicant of the Methodist Protestant Church and held 
 man}' positions of trust in it as a layman. 
 
 Hon. James A. Gary, LL.l)., '54, was Postmaster General 
 of the United States under President McKinley, 1806-98. He 
 had long been a prominent figure in Maryland and was the 
 
 leader of the Republican 
 party in the state. Mr. 
 Gary prepared himself for 
 a business career and 
 soon became extensively 
 occupied in manufactur- 
 ing and in banking. He 
 espoused the cause of Re- 
 publicanism in a southern 
 state, an act of much 
 courage, and was an un- 
 successful candidate for 
 the Maryland Senate in 
 1858. 
 
 He was a delegate to 
 the Union Convention at 
 Baltimore in 1861, and 
 several later national Re- 
 Hon. James a. Gary publican Conventions. He 
 
 ran for congressman and for governor on losing tickets. He 
 was the president for sixteen years of the Board of the Enoch 
 Pratt Library of Baltimore. For forty years he has been 
 chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Brown Memorial 
 
 [ 445 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Presbyterian Church. One seeing Mr. Gary for the first time 
 is deeply impressed with the strength and the courtesy of the 
 man. He has been characterized at his home city as ''a big 
 lion". He has ever lent his influence and ability to all meas- 
 ures that he felt conserved the interests of good government. 
 He is universally acclaimed as one of Maryland's most hon- 
 ored and useful citizens. 
 
 Hon. Thomas AY. Tipton, '10, was born in Cadiz, O.. in 
 1S1T. He entered Allegheny in the preparatory department 
 and continued through the sophomore year. He then finished 
 his course at Madison College, having removed to Uniontown. 
 He was admitted to the bar in Ohio and served in its legis- 
 lature in 1815. He then went to Nebraska where he had a 
 leading part in the constitutional convention. He studied 
 theology and was a chaplain in the Union army. He was 
 elected U. 8. Senator from Nebraska in 1867 and then chosen 
 for a second term. He died in 1809. 
 
 Hon. William B. Allison. '52, came to Allegheny from 
 Perry, O., in 1818. After two years he transferred to Western 
 Reserve College. He began the practice of law in Ohio, but 
 removed to Iowa. . He was an influential delegate to the Re- 
 publican convention in Chicago which nominated Lincoln. 
 He was elected to Congress in 18G3 and served four terms. In 
 1873 lie became U. S. Senator from Iowa and had the excep- 
 tional distinction of five re-elections to the higli office, death 
 claiming him after thirty-five years' service, on August 1, 
 1008. Senator Allison is best known for the Bland-Allison act 
 of the silver purchase legislation. He was a foremost au- 
 thority on financial matters. He was strongly supported in 
 1888 and 1800 as a candidate for nomination to the presidency 
 by the Republican national conventions. 
 
 WILLIAM MCKIXLEY IX ALLEGHENY. 
 
 In -Inly of 1850 three youths were passing a week in the 
 home of one of the number, William McKinley, of Poland. 
 Ohio. The gnests were William M. Osborne. Inter consul- 
 general at London, ami Robert B. Murray, of Vonngstown. 
 Poland possessed a seminary; because of it the McKinleys had 
 
 [ 410 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 removed from Niles to the village and William, the bookish 
 younger son, had made the most of its advantages. But the 
 mother nurtured a hope that he might in some way gain a 
 college education antecedent to the study of law. 
 
 Young Murray was already a yearlong collegian with 
 enchanting tales of a worthy fount of knowledge, over in 
 Western Pennsylvania on the historic French Creek of 
 colonial days. To these eager outpourings an older listener 
 sometimes lent an ear and now and then a shrewd question of 
 practical bearing showed the trend of Nancy McKinley's 
 thoughts. There was some quiet talk of family finances in 
 the twilight of those summer evenings and sister Annie's 
 
 Where McKinley Lived. 
 
 offer of her school-teaching savings made possible the de- 
 cision that William McKinley with Osborne should enter 
 Allegheny that fall. 
 
 The September journey to Meadville was made by stage 
 from Youngstown and the travelers found a home at the stu- 
 dent boarding-house kept by Dr. Goe, now remodeled into the 
 Odd Fellows' Home. Here to this day is preserved "Mc- 
 Kinley's lJoom", with appropriate legend and portraits. In 
 the classroom a retentive memory and easy master}' of diffi- 
 culties won the Ohio freshman creditable rank without a sacri- 
 fice of his social instincts. Hence we hear of him as a sought- 
 
 [ 447 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 for participant in the frequent bouts of "town-ball", the one 
 athletic sport of the period. 
 
 That judicial bent of mind which became a striking attri- 
 bute during his public career showed itself in these days by 
 a keen estimate of his fellows, based upon an acquaintance, 
 surprisingly minute and accurate, with their history, home 
 environment, and individual aims. In the time it takes the 
 average raw collegian to become adjusted to his own identity 
 young McKinley had learned every student by name and cata- 
 logued him for future reference. 
 
 The young men of this last ante-bellum year had decided 
 convictions on many matters and were pleased to voice them 
 upon occasion. Especially upon political themes lads under 
 twenty talked well and William McKinley, of strong abolition 
 forebears and naturally gifted in debate, was often the center 
 of a controversial group. Here his clear sense of justice and 
 well-poised temper usually availed to preserve mutual good- 
 humor, but once a zealous Virginia youth cheering repeatedly 
 for Jefferson Davis as the next president, McKinley turned 
 sharply upon him with a retort that before that came to pass 
 Osborne and himself would fight the Southerner on his native 
 soil. 
 
 The shadow of war did fall soon upon the land, but before 
 that, even the next term found the two Ohio students absent 
 from the College Hill. Later, a soldier yet in his teens went 
 forth from the McKinley household. Many years passed and 
 the Governor of Ohio came to Allegheny to deliver the com- 
 mencement address of 1895 and receive the honorary degree 
 of Doctor of Laws. Only one of those whose faces had been 
 familiar in the early days came forward to greet him; it was 
 his Latin professor, Dr. Hamnett. City and college vied in 
 swelling the ovation to the distinguished statesman and the 
 prospective presidential candidate of a great party. 
 
 Governor McKinley graciously bore witness to his "su- 
 preme pride and satisfaction in the past of Allegheny" and 
 declared his "hope and exultation for her future". Once 
 again, in the too brief afterwhile, old Allegheny was called 
 sadly to do him honor. It was in the night, after a day of 
 
 [ 448 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 much foreboding, there rolled over the silent, waiting city 
 the solemn tolling of a bell, and they who heard knew it for 
 the last tribute to the passing spirit of William McKinley, 
 the martyred president, paid by the ancient chapel bell which 
 in boyhood had summoned his soul to prayer. 
 
 Doubtless Allegheny's president, groping his heavy- 
 hearted way to the belfry that night, felt that the man who 
 lay dead had long since richly repaid the old college for what- 
 ever debt her transient tutelage had imposed. And the alumni 
 today with reverence and pride recall the fact that by a for- 
 tuitous relationship to which no other institution can lay 
 claim, Allegheny is and will remain ''the college of McKinley". 
 
 Alice Crittenden Derby, '92. 
 
 Hon. Lloyd Lowndes, governor of Maryland 1895-8, en- 
 tered Allegheny College when he was eighteen years of age, 
 having spent two years in Washington College. After his 
 graduation in 1S65, he took the law course in the University 
 of Pennsylvania. Soon established in a large practice at 
 Cumberland, Md., he went into politics and was elected to 
 Congress in 1872 on the Republican ticket, in a district 
 strongly Democratic. He was the youngest member of the 
 Forty-third Congress and served on several important com- 
 mittees. He failed to be re-elected, but continued to be a state 
 leader in his party. He had extensive banking and industrial 
 interests and was active in the Protestant Episcopal Church. 
 More than once mentioned as the Republican candidate for 
 governor, in 1895 he headed the ticket and gained the support 
 of all the reform elements, overthrowing the Gorman Demo- 
 cratic machine. His administration brought a new epoch in 
 Maryland. Governor Lowndes died in 1905. 
 
 Hon. John W. Farrelly, '2(1, was the son of Patrick Far- 
 relly, an original Trustee of the college, ami the representative 
 from the Meadville district in the Seventeenth, Eighteenth 
 and Nineteenth Congresses. He was admitted to the bar in 
 Meadville and elected to the State Senate in 1828, and again 
 in 1838 and 1841. He was sent by the Whigs to Congress in 
 1817. He was appointed sixth auditor of the U. S. Treasury 
 
 [ 419 ]
 
 HISTOKY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 by President Taylor, serving from 1849-53. Mr. Farrelly was 
 a Trustee of Allegheny from 1846 to 1860. He was one of the 
 eminent lawyers of the state. He died at Meadville in 1870. 
 
 Hon. Amos Myers, '43, was admitted to practice law at 
 Clarion. He was elected to Congress in 1863 as a Republican 
 from the Clarion District of Pennsylvania. 
 
 Hon. Darwin A. Finney, '40, came to Meadville from 
 Vermont as a lad. After graduation from college he studied 
 law and practiced in his adopted city. He served two terms 
 in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives and in its 
 Senate 1850-61. He was sent by the Republicans from the 
 Meadville District to the Fortieth Congress, serving from 
 March 4, 1867. until his death while traveling in Europe, Aug. 
 25, 1868. He was a Trustee of Allegheny from 1846 to 1868. 
 
 Hon. Hiram L. Richmond, '39, was born in Chautauqua 
 Count}', N. Y., and came to Meadville in 1835, where he 
 studied two years in Allegheny. He read law with David Der- 
 icksou, '21, and began its practice in 1838. He was originally 
 a Whig and active on the stump and platform. He joined the 
 Republican party at its formation and was elected to the 
 Forty-third Congress in 1872. He declined a renomination. 
 He purchased in 1848 the well-known property on the Dia- 
 mond, yet kept in the family. Mr. Richmond was a member 
 of the Methodist Church in Meadville for forty-five years. He 
 became a Trustee of the college in 1838 and served until 1885. 
 He was secretary of the Board from 1840 to 1859. 
 
 Hon. Aylett R. Cotton, '48, was born in Austintown, O., 
 in 1826 and moved to Iowa in 1844. He came thence for two 
 years in Allegheny College. He taught school in Fayette 
 County, Tenn.. and was admitted to the bar there. He was 
 in California in 1849-51. Returning to Iowa he was judge of 
 Clinton County for two terms. Cotton was an active member 
 of the Iowa constitutional convention of 1857. and a member 
 of the State legislature in 1868, being speaker of the House 
 in 1870. He was sent as a Republican to the Forty-second and 
 Forty-third Congresses. 
 
 Hon. Jasper D. Ward, '54, was elected to the Forty-third 
 
 [ 450 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Congress from Chicago on the Republican ticket, but was 
 defeated for re-election in 1874. 
 
 Hon. James S. Biery, '39, was a member of the Pennsyl- 
 vania House of Representatives in 1860. He was sent to the 
 Forty-third Congress by the Republicans of the Allentown 
 District. 
 
 Hon. Lloyd Lowndes, 'G5, was a member of the Forty-third 
 Congress from the Cumberland District, Maryland. 
 
 Hon. William McClelland, '68, entered Allegheny in 1865 
 after a brave record as a soldier. He studied law and began 
 practice in 1870. He was elected to Congress the same year 
 from the New Castle District of Pennsylvania on the Demo- 
 cratic ticket. He was defeated for the Forty-third Congress. 
 
 Hon. B. F. Martin, '54, was born in Marion County, Ya., 
 in 1828. After graduation from college he taught school at 
 Fairmount and then became a lawyer. He was a member of 
 the constitutional convention of West Yirginia in 1872, being 
 a leader in the Democratic party. He sat in the Forty-fifth 
 and Forty-sixth Congresses as the representative from the 
 Third District. He was a Trustee of Allegheny from 1887 to 
 1805, the time of his death. 
 
 Hon. Samuel B. Dick, '58, was born in Meadville, Oct. 26, 
 1836. He left college to engage in business. He served with 
 distinction in the Civil War. He became mayor of Meadville 
 in 1870. He was elected in 1878 to Congress as a Republican 
 from the Meadville District. He was president of the Pitts- 
 burgh and Lake Erie Railroad until 1000. He was thirty 
 years a Trustee of the college until his death in 1008. 
 
 Hon. N. E. Worthington, '54, came from Brooke County, 
 Yirginia, to college. After graduation he lived in Illinois. 
 He was superintendent of county schools in Teoria. He was 
 sent as a Democrat to the Forty-eighth and Forty-ninth Con- 
 gresses. 
 
 Hon. Thomas Wilson, '52, was a native of Ireland. After 
 graduation from Allegheny he went to Minnesota. He was a 
 member of the State House of Representatives in 1880, and 
 of the Senate in 1882-5. He was the Democratic nominee for 
 
 [ 451 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 U. S. Senator from Minnesota in 1886. He was elected to 
 Congress in 1886 from the Winona District. 
 
 Hon. Daniel B. Heiner, '79, was admitted to the bar in 
 Armstrong County, Pa. He was elected as a Republican in 
 1893 to the Fifty-fourth Congress and re-elected to the Fifty- 
 fifth. 
 
 Hon. Arthur L. Bates, '80, was born in Meadville, June 6, 
 1S59, the son of Professor Samuel P. Bates, LL.D., a noted 
 educator and author. Mr. Bates was admitted to the Craw- 
 ford County bar in 1882. He has been an ardent Republican 
 and was elected from the Twenty-fifth District to Congress in 
 1900. He has had the unusual record of being chosen five 
 times to succeed himself at Washington, serving from the 
 Fifty-seventh through the Sixty-second Congress. He became 
 a ranking member of the Committee on Naval Affairs. After 
 an official visit to the Hawaiian Islands in 1907, he introduced 
 the bill in Congress which made Pearl Harbor the naval base 
 of the Pacific. He was especially interested in the extension 
 of the postal service. He was sent by the United States as a 
 delegate to the International Peace Conference at Brussels. 
 Mr. Bates has been a loyal alumnus of the college serving as 
 president of the alumni organization in the Nineties. He be- 
 came a Trustee of Allegheny in 1907, and is a member of the 
 executive committee. 
 
 Hon. Milton W. Shreve, '84, was born in Venango County 
 and after preparing for college at Edinboro Normal School 
 entered Allegheny. After two years he completed his work at 
 Bucknell University. Entering the practice of law in Erie, 
 he represented his county three terms in the Pennsylvania 
 House of Representatives, 1906-1912, finally being advanced to 
 the speakership. He was elected to the Sixty-third Congress 
 as a Republican from the Twenty-fifth District. 
 
 Hon. J. C. G. Kennedy was born in Meadville April 1, 1813, 
 and educated in Allegheny College, which conferred on him 
 Hie degrees of A. M. and LL. D. He became the editor of the 
 Crawford Messenger in 1833. He studied law. In 1849 he 
 was named by President Taylor as secretary of the board to 
 prepare a plan for taking the national census of 1850. In 
 
 [ 4r>2 ]
 
 Hon. Arthur L. Bates, '80
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 1S51 he visited Europe as U. S. commissioner on the census 
 and postal matters. He helped organize the first statistical 
 congress, which met in Brussels in 1853. He was superin- 
 tendent of the Eighth U. S. census. He served as correspond- 
 ing secretary of the National Institute at Washington, dying 
 there in 1887. Mr. Kennedy was a member of many American 
 and foreign scientific and historical associations. He had 
 international recognition as a statistician. 
 
 Among the alumni who attained political distinction 
 within various state borders, a few are Hon. H. 1). Cooke, '11, 
 governor of Washington, I). C. ; Hon. J. F. Duncombe, 
 '52, State Senator in Iowa; Col. C. W. Holiday, '52, 
 Kansas Convention, ; Hon. A. M. Randolph, '53, mem- 
 ber of Kansas legislature; Hon. S. G. Nye, '58, State 
 Senator in California ; Hon. J. W. Lee, '68, State Senator in 
 Pennsylvania; Hon. H. J. Hume, '69, State Senator in Penn- 
 sylvania; Hon. George W. Delamater, '69, State Senator in 
 Pennsylvania and Republican nominee for governor in 1890; 
 Col. J. M. Williams, '73, president of the Ohio Senate; Hon. 
 F. M. Currie, '81, member of Nebraska legislature; Hon. W. P. 
 McElwain, '85, member of Washington State legislature; 
 F. C. Howe, Ohio Senator; Hon. W. C. Deming, '90, member of 
 the Wyoming legislature; Hon. W. H. Gibson, '93, Secretary of 
 State of Idaho; Hon. B. F. Reals, '95, member of the Oregon 
 Assembly, and Hon. Lowry Humes, '99, member of the Penn- 
 sylvania House of Representatives and U. S. District Attorney. 
 
 ALUMNI ON THE BENCH 
 
 Of the earliest graduates of Allegheny, David Derickson, 
 '21; .Fames M. Ellis, '31; Thomas Van Home, '34, and O. W 
 Bennett, '.'59, passed from the practice of law to the position 
 of judge. Samuel Woods, '12, was born in Reaver County in 
 1822. After his graduation from college he studied law in 
 Pittsburgh under T. J. F. Ablen, '21. He removed to West Vir- 
 ginia and was appointed in 1883 judge of the Supreme Court of 
 Appeals. lie was afterwards elected for a term of five years, 
 serving with high honor. He died Feb. 17, 1897. 
 
 Judge William A. Galbraith, '11, did not complete the 
 
 r 154 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 course in Allegheny, but graduated from the Dame Law School 
 of Harvard University. He was elected Judge of Erie County, 
 Pennsylvania, in 1870. He was prominent in the business and 
 public enterprises of the City of Erie. He died in 1897. 
 
 Judge J. W. F. White, '42, came from Washington County 
 to Meadville and worked his way through college. He re- 
 moved to Pittsburgh in 1851 and came to prominence quickly, 
 being city solicitor in 1861. He was elected in 1873 judge of 
 the District Court of Allegheny, later, Court of Common 
 Pleas No. 1. Here he remained on the bench until his death 
 in 1900. Honest, fearless, impartial, yet benevolent, Judge 
 White was a man to be feared and to be loved. He was a 
 leader in the Methodist Church. He became a Trustee of 
 Allegheny College in 1872. 
 
 Judge Christopher Heydrick, '52, made a reputation in 
 college as a scholar. In the practice of law in Venango 
 County and Western Pennsylvania he was systematic and 
 accurate. He was appointed by the Governor in 1891 to the 
 Supreme Court of the State to complete an unexpired term. 
 He was engaged in various enterprises and was president of 
 the Exchange Bank of Franklin many years. Judge Heydrick 
 was a generous supporter of educational interests. Being a 
 descendant of the early Reformation sect of Silesia, the 
 Schwenkf elders, he had a lively concern and a vital part in 
 the extensive researches into their records. He was the 
 author of the historical sketch of the Genealogical Record of 
 the church and a leading patron of the publication of the 
 Corpus Schwenckfeldianorum. 
 
 Judge Thomas Wilson, '52, was born in Ireland in 1827. 
 After graduation, he studied law in Meadville. He went to 
 the territory of Minnesota in 1855 and became a man of wide 
 influence in the Northwest. He served as district judge from 
 1857 to 1804, when he became chief justice of Minnesota, an 
 office he held until 1809. Judge Wilson lived in St. Paul 
 and was general counsel of a large railroad. He kept up an 
 active interest in Allegheny and was present at the fiftieth 
 anniversary of his graduation. He was much esteemed for his 
 philanthropies. He died April 3, 1910. 
 
 [ 455 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 James M. McKelvey, '54, was judge of the District Court of 
 St. Cloud, Minn., from 1872 to 1882. Henry T. Patten, '57, 
 was judge of Probate Court in Benton County, Mo., in 1880. 
 Col. J. AY. Phillips, '60, a Tennessee judge, later lived in St. 
 Louis. Hon. T. A. Osburn, '60, Avas governor of Kansas. 
 Judge Albert A. Brooks, '71, has presided over the City Court 
 of Kansas City. S. S. Ford, '81, is judge of the Common 
 Pleas Court of Cleveland, and F. L. Hay, '82. judge of Defiance 
 County, Ohio. 
 
 Judge Nicholas E. Worthington, '54, came from Clarksburg 
 Academy, Virginia, to college. He was the valedictorian of 
 the class and studied law with Senator W. T. Willey of West 
 Virginia. He removed to Peoria, 111. In 1891 he was elected 
 judge of the circuit court and was kept by popular choice on 
 the bench for four terms, completing twenty-four years of ser- 
 vice upon his retirement, -July 1, 1915, at the age of eighty. 
 
 Judge YVorthington was named by President Cleveland a 
 member of the Chicago Strike Commission of 1894, whose re- 
 port was of much economic significance to the nation. He has 
 been ranked by his contemporaries as a jurist without a super- 
 ior in Illinois. He is praised by all for his absolute impar- 
 tiality. As a public speaker he was placed by his townsmen 
 second only to Robert Ingersoll. It was said of him, had he 
 been less modest he would have been one of the greatest public 
 men of the state. The Judge was the alumni orator at the 
 eightieth anniversary of the founding of Allegheny. 
 
 Judge Pearson Church, '56, was graduated from Allegheny 
 at the age of eighteen and entered the law office of his father, 
 Judge Gaylord Church, in Meadville, to prepare for the admis- 
 sion to the bar which followed in 1858. He was a member of 
 the State Constitutional Convention of 1873. He became the 
 president judge of Crawford County in 1878 for a term of ten 
 years, having a notable record as a jurist. lb 1 died in 1898. 
 
 Judge Stephen G. Nye, '58, after graduation studied law in 
 Dunkirk, X. Y., and then removed in 1861 to California, where 
 he was a leader in its public and political life until his death 
 in 1906. For eleven years of this time he was judge of Ala 
 meda County. His career is appropriately set forth in a vol 
 
 [ 456 ]
 
 Judge John J. Henderson, '62
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 ume entitled, "The Addresses and Letters of Travel of Stephen 
 G. Nye." 
 
 Judge John J. Henderson, '62, was born in Allegheny county, 
 and entered college at the age of fifteen. He was an excellent 
 student, distinguishing himself for his literary ability. He 
 also acted for a time as instructor in Greek. He enlisted as 
 a Pennsylvania volunteer and had three years' service in the 
 Civil War. He studied law in the office of his brother, Hon. 
 Harvey Henderson. He became district attorney of Crawford 
 County in 1872, and was elected Judge of the Thirtieth Dis- 
 trict of Pennsylvania in 1887, presiding for ten years with 
 marked distinction. 
 
 Judge Henderson was appointed by the governor of the 
 State, March 9, 1903, to complete an unexpired term upon the 
 Superior Court Bench. He was nominated by the Republicans 
 and elected to a term of ten years in November, 1903, to suc- 
 ceed himself and again in 1913, having received the nomination 
 in the State primaries, he was chosen to serve a second decade 
 upon the Superior Bench. 
 
 The Judge is universally admitted to be a jurist of great 
 strength. He is a close student and has a mind of logical 
 acumen and penetration. He has long taken high rank as an 
 eloquent and forceful public speaker. He possesses broad 
 scholarly attainments. He is a conservative in principle. He 
 is noted for his genial temperament. Judge Henderson be- 
 came vice-president of Board of Trustees of Allegheny College 
 in 1896, and has given much of his time and talent to the ser- 
 vice of his alma mater. He is among the worthiest of the 
 alumni of Allegheny. 
 
 Judge George S. Ferris, '69, began the practice of law in 
 Pittsburgh, where he gained distinction as a corporation at- 
 torney. He later removed to Luzerne County, where he was 
 elected judge in 1900, becoming president judge and serving 
 until 1912. He died in April, 1913. 
 
 Judge S. B. Craig, '71, prepared for college at Western Re- 
 serve Seminary. He was admitted to the bar in 1873, at War- 
 ren, Ohio, where he continued the practice of his profession. 
 For six years he held the office of probate judge and he was 
 
 [ -*">* 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEOHENY COLLEGE 
 
 long a leader in Trumbull County affairs. He was an active 
 member of the Methodist Church until his death in 1915. 
 Three of his children are graduates of Allegheny. 
 
 Judge L. L. Davis, '78, was admitted to the practice of law 
 at Pittsburgh in 1SS0. He was appointed in 11)08 to be judge 
 of the Common Pleas Court, No. 3, Allegheny County, to fill 
 an unexpired term, and was subsequently elected to succeed 
 himself. His ability and fairness on the bench have won high 
 praise. 
 
 Judge Frank S. Chryst, 80, was admitted to the bar at 
 
 Warren, Ohio, and served his county one term as probate judge. 
 
 He is engaged now in the successful practice of his profession. 
 
 Judge Frank .7. Thomas, '85, before entering college taught 
 
 school three years. He studied law under Judge John J. 
 
 Henderson and Hon. 
 H. J. Humes, being ad- 
 mitted to the bar in 
 Meadville in 1889. He 
 took an active part in 
 political life, becoming 
 a leader of the Demo- 
 cratic party in Craw- 
 ford County. He was 
 elected in 1897 to be 
 president judge a n d 
 served ten years with 
 general satisfaction. 
 He declined to be a can- 
 didate for re-election. 
 Judge Thomas is an en- 
 ergetic, conscientious 
 lawyer and deeply in- 
 terested in all causes 
 that promote the pub- 
 lic welfare. 
 
 Judge Paul A. Benson, '91, prepared at Waterford Acad- 
 emy for entrance to Allegheny, lie was admitted to the prac- 
 
 [ 459 ] 
 
 F. J. Thomas. '85
 
 Judge John W. Kephart
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 tice of law at Erie iii 1893. He served as district attorney, 
 1897-1900. He was appointed as additional law judge of the 
 Sixth Judicial District of Pennsylvania in 1911. He was later 
 elected for a term of ten years, which was cut short August, 
 1915, by his death after a brief illness. His record on the 
 bench was praised by all the legal profession. 
 
 Judge John \V. Kephart was born in Cambria County in 
 1872. He was graduated from McAllisterville Academy and 
 shortly afterwards entered Allegheny College. He left before 
 his Sophomore year to become a law student in Dickinson Col- 
 lge, completing the course with distinction. He began the 
 practice of law in 1895. He was for several years solicitor of 
 Cambria County. Under the new primary law of Pennsyl- 
 vania in 1913, his candidacy for the Superior Court Bench had 
 very popular support and he was triumphantly elected to the 
 high office in November, along with Judge John J. Hen- 
 derson, '62. 
 
 Judge Thomas J. Prather, '96, was born in Troy Township, 
 Crawford County, and after preparing for college at Edinboro 
 
 Normal, with several terms 
 experience in teaching 
 school, he entered Alle- 
 gheny. He did not complete 
 the course but began the 
 study of law, being admit- 
 ted to practice June 2, 1896. 
 He was elected president 
 judge in Crawford County 
 in 1907, for a term of ten 
 years, being the fifth alum- 
 nus of Allegheny to occupy 
 this position of honor. 
 Judge Prather has presided 
 on the bench with much dig- 
 nity and eminent fairness. 
 He has won esteem far be- 
 yond the borders of his own 
 district, being invited to sit 
 
 Judge T. J. Prather, '96 
 
 [ 461 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 in a large proportion of the courts of Western Pennsylvania. 
 
 The alumni of Allegheny who are attorneys-at-law are the 
 following: 
 
 M. S. Bonnifield, '5 5, Carson City, Nev. 
 L. B. Duff, '57, 1422 E. Michigan Ave., Lansing, Mich. 
 Harvey Henderson, '5 7, Berger Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 John Glover, '58, 1505 R. St., N. W., Washington, D. C. 
 S. G. Brock, '59, Macon, Mo. 
 
 F. W. Hays, '61, Oil City. 
 
 George Morris, '61, 4 3 Union St., Jersey City, N. J. 
 T. J. McKean, '62, Franklin, Pa. 
 T. J. Wells, '62, Washington, D. C. 
 
 G. A. Chase, '65, Titusville, Pa. 
 Newton Chalker, '66, Akron, O. 
 
 W. S. Bonnifield, '66, Winnemucca, Nev. 
 
 J. W. Taylor, '66, 1016 Hippodrome Bldg., Cleveland, O. 
 
 J. Calvin Sturgeon, '66, Erie, Pa. 
 
 S. J. Bonnifield, '67, Winnemucca, Nev. 
 
 M. R. Freshwater, '67, South Haven, Mich. 
 
 Alfred S. Moore, '67, Saluda, N. C. 
 
 James P. Colter, '68, Meadville. Pa. 
 
 George F. Davenport, '68, Meadville, Pa. 
 
 W. M. Dight, '69, Grove City. 
 
 T. A. Lamb, '69, Erie, Pa. 
 
 G. W. Plummer, '69, Tribune Bldg., Chicago, 111. 
 
 A. G. Richmond, '70, Meadville, Pa. 
 
 H. A. Barclay, '70, Los Angeles, Calif. 
 
 C. D. Davie, '71, Salamanca, N. Y. 
 
 L. S. Fawcett, '71, Holdenville, Okla. 
 
 E. B. Flower, '71, Meadville, Pa. 
 
 J. O. McClintock, '72, Meadville, Pa. 
 
 J. B. Brawley, '72, Meadville, Pa. 
 
 A. H. McElrath, '72, Mercer, Pa. 
 
 G. J. Wolf, '73, Trees Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 W. W. Henderson, '73, Meadville, Pa. 
 
 James George, '7 5, Bradford, Pa. 
 
 L. H. Lauderbaugh, '76, Meadville, Pa. 
 
 J. N. Apple, '76, Smethport, Pa. 
 
 Lewis Walker, '7 7, Meadville, Pa. 
 
 James Doughty, '78, Los Angeles, Calif. 
 
 F. C. Pifer, '78, Charleston, W. Va. 
 Clarence S. Darrow, '78, Chicago, 111. 
 W. M. Beyer, '79, Altoona, Pa. 
 James F. Cree, '79, Wellsburg, W. Va. 
 Austin Wilson, '70, Fairmount. W. Va. 
 
 I" 40L> 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Arthur L Bates, '80, Meadville, Pa. 
 
 F. S. Chryst, '80, Warren, O. 
 
 G. A. Nodine, '80, Ambridge, Pa. 
 
 W. H. White, '80, 509 Bailey Bldg., Seattle, Wash. 
 
 W. C. Wilson, '80, 90 West St., New York City. 
 
 J. S. Beacom, '81, Greensburg, Pa. 
 
 C. E. Everett, '81, Alta Bank Bldg., Cincinnati, O. 
 
 L. D. Tyler, '81, Syracuse, N. Y. 
 
 M. J. Hovis, '82, Clintonville, Pa. 
 
 J. K. Cubbison, '82, Portsmouth Bldg., Kansas City, Kan. 
 
 George M. Anderson, '82, Akron, O. 
 
 J. W. Kinnear, '82, Oliver Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 S. E. Foster, '82, Jacksonville, Fla. 
 
 Irving H. Blythe, '82, Carrollton, O. 
 
 W. P. Warne, '82, 4166 Beau St., Washington, D. C. 
 
 Wesley B. Best, '83, Meadville, Pa. 
 
 G. O. Calder, '83, Oliver Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 S. F. Ferree, '83, Artesia, N. Mex. 
 
 E. L. Frisbee, '83, Prudential Bldg., Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 J. A. Guinyon, '83, Berger Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 C. W. Hollister, : 83, American Bank Bldg., Los Angeles, Cal. 
 
 M. F. Laughlin, '83, Dakota City, Neb. 
 
 C. P. Robinson, '83, Bakewell Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 A. T. Cooper, '83, Cedar Rapids, Iowa. 
 
 E. E. Baldwin, '84, 71 Broadway, New York City. 
 
 W. J. Guthrie, '84, 1862 Frick Annex, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 H. W. Plummer, '84, 108 S. LaSalle, St., Chicago, 111. 
 
 E. C. Alvord, '84, Washburn, Wis. 
 
 W. W. Moore, '84, Mercer, Pa. 
 
 Otto Stolz, '84, Meadville, Pa. 
 
 E. C. Randall, '84, 620 W. Ferry, Buffalo, N. Y. 
 J. G. Reeder, '84, Columbus, Neb. 
 
 W. M. Everett, '85, Empire Bldg., Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 R. T. Herrick, '85, 5424 Main St., Kansas City, Nev. 
 
 W. P. McEIwain, '8 5, Hinckley Bldg., Seattle, Wash. 
 
 F. J. Thomas, '85, Meadville, Pa. 
 Isaac Mondereau, '85, Meadville, Pa. 
 R. C. Bole, '86, Jackson, Col. 
 
 C. W. Fuller, '86, Society for Savings Bldg., Cleveland, O. 
 
 W. C. Lindsey, '86, Morgan Bldg., Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 Lafayette Perkins, '86, Indianapolis, Ind. 
 
 S. B. Smith, '86, St. Nicholas Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 F. L. Wells, '86, Wellsville, O. 
 
 W. E. Rice, '86, Warren, Pa. 
 
 P. M. Speer, '86, Oil City, Pa. 
 
 [ 403 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 E. B. Bodley, '87, Salt Lake City, Utah. 
 
 B. B. Pickett, '87, Meadville, Pa. 
 W. J. Whieldon, '87, Mercer, Pa. 
 
 M. R. Stevenson, '87, Jamestown, N. Y. 
 
 Willis Jordan, '87, Lisbon, O. 
 
 W. W. Ellsworth, '88, Binghamton, N. Y. 
 
 J. T. Petty, '88, New York City. 
 
 John H. Henderson, '88, Berger Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 F. A. Cattern, '89, Los Angeles, Cal. 
 J. J. Rudkin, '89, Kennewick, Wash. 
 
 C. D. Higby, '89, Erie, Pa. 
 
 H. G. Rowland, '89, Tacoma, Wash. 
 
 D. S. Horn, '89, Ingram, Pa. 
 
 J. Robert Anderson, '90, Parkersburg, W. Va. 
 
 E. L. Mattern, '90, 230 Frick Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 Ned Arden Flood, '90, 44 W. 44th St., New York City. 
 James A. Wakefield, '90, Berger Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 Curtis L. Webb, '90, Meadville, Pa. 
 
 Manley O. Brown, '91, Meadville, Pa. 
 
 Howard A. Couse, '9t, Leader-News Bldg., Cleveland, O. 
 
 William B. Griffin, '91, Franklin, Pa. 
 
 E. E. Miller, '91, Youngstown, O. 
 
 H. C. Dorworth, '92, Oil City, Pa. 
 
 V. L. Johnson, '92, Mercer, Pa. 
 
 J. L. McBride, '92, Franklin, Pa. 
 
 W. C. Leffingwell, '92, Sharon, Pa. 
 
 E. S. Nickerson, '92, Papillion, Neb. 
 J. C. Spencer, '92, Meadville, Pa. 
 
 S. J. Christley, '92, Butler, Pa. 
 
 J. A. Wallace, '92, Bakewell Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 R. W. Darragh, '93, Beaver, Pa. 
 
 A. J. Eckles, '93, Bakewell Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 M. J. Echols, '93, Erie, Pa. 
 
 F. H. Murphy, '93. Butler, Pa. 
 R. H. Patchin, '93, Chardon, O. 
 
 W. R. Murphy, '94, Berger Bldg.. Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 R. F. Pickard, '94, Jamestown, N. Y. 
 
 D. L. Starr, '94, First National Bank Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 J. H. Tuttle, '94, 7 Wall St., New York City. 
 
 J. Merrill Wright, '95, St. Nicholas Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 J. L. Nesbit, '95, Franklin, Pa. 
 
 O. Clare Kent, '96, Meadville, Pa. 
 
 N. B. Madden, '96, 228 Frick Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 W. H. Pratt, '96, Berger Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 C. E. Bordwell, '97, Warren, Pa. 
 
 Gerry T. Kincaid, '07, Corry, Pa. 
 
 [ 4f,4 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 C. V. Johnson, '97, Meadville, Pa. 
 Charles H. Miller, '98, Butler, Pa. 
 J. O. Wait, '98, District Attorney, Erie, Pa. 
 
 A. O. Chapin, '99, Erie, Pa. 
 
 C. R. Davis, '99, New Castle, Pa. 
 M. A. Copeland, '99, Williamson Bldg., Cleveland, O. 
 Oliver K. Eaton, '00, 1059 Frick Annex, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 W. B. Secrist, '00, 1067 Frick Annex, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 B. R. Williams, '00, Butler, Pa. 
 
 F. W. McFarlin, '00, Ridgway, Pa. 
 
 F. G. Moorhead, '00, Beaver, Pa. 
 
 H. A. Porter, '00, Crafton, Pa. 
 
 S. J. Morrow, '01, District Attorney, Uniontown, Pa. 
 
 A. C. Waid, '01, Williamson Bldg., Cleveland, O. 
 
 J. G. Allee, '01, Miles City, Mont. 
 
 Don. M. Larrabee, '01, Williamsport, Pa. 
 
 E. D. Leach, '01, Engineer's Bldg., Cleveland, O. 
 
 J. H. McCloskey, '01, Berger Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 Albert L. Thomas, '01, District Attorney, Meadville, Pa. 
 
 John Clayton Barkley, '02, 1015 Garfield Bldg., Cleveland, O. 
 
 Clyde H. Slease, '02, 100 Broadway, New York City. 
 
 E. Lowry Humes, '02, U. S. District Attorney, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 Earle V. McDonald, '03, Warren, Pa. 
 
 Harry A. Dunn, 824 Sheridan Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 Roy W. Hazen, '04, New Castle, Pa. 
 
 Blaine S. Kincaid, '04, Corry, Pa. 
 
 Paul Mitchell, '05, Birmingham, Ala. 
 
 George H. Rowley, '05, District Attorney, Greenville, Pa. 
 
 R. B. Whitehill, '05, Brookville, Pa. 
 
 A. W. Robertson, '06, 43 5 Sixth Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 F. A. Shaffer, '06, Globe, Ariz. 
 
 W. P. Sturtevant, '06, 90 West St., New York City. 
 W. G. Powell, '06, Homestead, Pa. 
 
 G. E. Shaffer, '06, Hugo, Okla. 
 Harold H. Hull, '07, Youngstown, O. 
 W. J. McClintock, '07, Meadville, Pa. 
 R. G. McKinney, '07., Bartlesville, Okla. 
 L. G. Chorpenning, '07, Uniontown, Pa. 
 
 C. L. Christie, '07, 610 Hammond Bldg., Detroit, Mich. 
 A. D. Andrews, '08, Meadville, Pa. 
 
 R. A. Lyon, '08, Berger Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 A. D. P. Miller, '08, 1064 Frick Annex, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 R. R. Russell, '08, Exchange Bldg., Los Angeles, Cal 
 
 J. C. Fisher, '08, Engineer's Bldg., Cleveland, O. 
 
 O. A. Ottaway, '08, Brockton, N. Y. 
 
 H. F. White, '08, Duluth, Minn. 
 
 [ 465 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Samuel Wilson, '08, Clarion, Pa. 
 
 Charles W. Johnson, '09, Youngstown, O. 
 
 John D. Kiester, '09, Oliver Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 J. H. McKinney, '09, Franklin, Pa. 
 
 S. G. McNees, '09, Apollo, Pa. 
 
 W. L. .Mould, '09, 4 5 Public Square. Cleveland, O. 
 
 C. C. Douthitt, '09, Spencer, W. Va. 
 W. E. Ferrall, '09, Lisbon, O. 
 
 W. F. Knoell. '09, Berger Bldg., Pittsburgh. Pa. 
 
 H. C. Seidel, '09, Sharpsburg, Pa. 
 
 Clarence D. Baker, '10, Butler, Pa. 
 
 G. S. Criswell, Jr., '10. Franklin, Pa. 
 
 J. R. Gahan, '10, Titusville, Pa. 
 
 S. Y. Rossiter, '10, Erie, Pa. 
 
 R. R. Yost, '10, Johnstown, Pa. 
 
 H. D. Firestone, '10, McKeesport, Pa. 
 
 R. J. George, Ml, New York City. 
 
 D. S. Carroll, Ml, Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 R. W. DeLancey, Ml, MeadviUe, Pa. 
 Charles L. Lore, '12. Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 Donald C. Thompson, '12, Meadville, Pa. 
 
 E. J. Stetson, '12, Cambridge Springs, Pa. 
 H. M. Weiss, M3, McKeesport, Pa. 
 
 IN THE CHURCH 
 
 The extension of the Christian religion has been a domi- 
 nant purpose of the college from the beginning. Timothy Al- 
 den under his commission from the eastern Society, visited re- 
 peatedly the Seneca Indians on the upper Allegheny. Martin 
 IJuter abounded in missionary zeal. The calls to evangeliza- 
 tion have been answered again and again through the years, 
 constituting a notable record of service rendered by the alumni 
 in the spread of the Gospel. 
 
 Bisiior Cai.vix Kixgsley came to Allegheny in 183G, at 
 the age of twenty-four from Chautauqua County, X. Y. 
 His means were limited and lie was employed as janitor, being 
 as he said, "the professor of dust and ashes." As a student he 
 showed aptitude in mathematics and science, rather than the 
 classics. His studies were discontinued twice by periods of 
 teaching school. He became a college instructor in mathe- 
 matics in 1S40 and was graduated in the scientific course in 
 1841. He succeeded Professor R. P. T. Allen in the chair of 
 mathematics and civil engineering. 
 
 [ 400 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Professor Kingsley was a popular and able member of the 
 
 faculty. In his teaching he had a peculiar power of elucida- 
 tion. His impress upon student life was profound. He had 
 been admitted to the Erie Conference in 1841 and was a highly 
 successful pastor in the interval of the closing of the college. 
 He returned to his place in Allegheny out of a sense of duty. 
 In 1S.")2 he led the delegation of Erie Conference to the Gen- 
 eral Conference of Methodism at Boston. Again in 1856 he 
 sat in the high ecclesiastical body which elected him to be 
 editor of the Western Christian Advocate, of Cincinnati. 
 
 The editor had been the vigorous opponent of slavery, so 
 that being a member of the General Conference of 18(50 at Buf- 
 falo he was made the chairman of the committee on slavery . 
 His recommendations on the evil at this national crisis were 
 accepted as the attitude of Methodism upon the issue. Con- 
 tinuing as church editor, his cham- 
 pionship of the Union exerted a 
 large influence in stimulating the 
 loyalty of the Ohio Valley region. 
 He was elected a Bishop in 1864, 
 having a short but brilliant epis- 
 copal career. He was untiring 
 in his labors, serving in the west- 
 ern conferences and in Europe. 
 Bishop Kingsley was assigned in 
 1869 to make the tirst episcopal 
 tour around the world for Method 
 ism. Having completed the work 
 in Asia and about to enter Europe, 
 he fell suddenly ill at Beyrout, 
 Syria, and died April (!. 1870. His 
 remains were placed in the ceme- 
 tery at the foot of snow-crowned 
 Lebanon and the General Confer- 
 ence of 1872 provided for a monu- 
 ment to his memory. The Bishop 
 was a man of vast energy and 
 strong intellectual powers. He was 
 
 [ 467 ] 
 
 BB.HH*-" 
 
 
 
 
 
 Grave of Bishop Kingsley
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 tensely devoted to missions. Cut off in the climax of his 
 career, the Church lost one of whom yet larger achievements 
 had been confidently expected. 
 
 Bishop J. M. Thoburn. '57 
 
 Bishop James M. Thoburn w;is born at St. Clairs- 
 ville, ().. March 7. 18.'5G. His mother b;id in her migration 
 from New York passed west through Meadville, approaching 
 the village by the site of Allegheny College. Bentley Hall 
 made such ;m impression upon her, that she resolved that of 
 all colleges, Allegheny should have the preference in the educa- 
 tion of her son. The lad in his teens entered in 1852, discon- 
 
 [ 468 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 tinued his course for one year to teach and was graduatd the 
 valedictorian in 1857. 
 
 After a year and a half in the ministry in his native state, 
 he offered himself as a missionary to India. He sailed from 
 Boston, April 12, 1859, to a field just opened three years be- 
 fore, where later he was to witness an ingathering of hundreds 
 of thousands of communicants. Stationed first in north India, 
 he preached in a single Hindustani dialect. Now more than 
 forty are employed. In the fall of 18G1, a native youth was 
 converted, whom he baptized as John Barker, later a preacher 
 in the North India Conference. 
 
 The Allegheny missionary after 1870 was in Lucknow, Cal- 
 cutta and Bombay. The evangelist, William Taylor, was 
 brought by him to do a great work in the large cities. He was 
 the first editor of the India Witness. He introduced the 
 district conferences, which sanctioned by the church revolu- 
 tionized missionary administration. Thrice returning to 
 America, he intensified by his addresses the zeal for foreign 
 evangelization. The General Conference of 1888 made him 
 Bishop for India and Malaysia. He had planted missions in 
 the Malay world in 1S85. preaching at Singapore. He went to 
 Manila in 1899 to open the work in the Philippines. 
 
 Bishop Thoburn rendered a service in India similar to that 
 of Francis Asbury for America. In the General Conference 
 of 1908, he retired from his post of responsibility amid uni- 
 sal praise for the work he had wrought. Dr. J. M. Buckley 
 voiced the general sentiment in the words, ''There has never 
 been a man like unto him in the Methodist Episcopal Church 
 for the purpose to which he devoted his life." 
 
 In retirement the Bishop lives in Meadville and there in 
 April, 1909, the Thoburn Jubilee was held to commemorate the 
 half century of missionary service. A home was presented to 
 him upon that occasion by one hundred friends from all 
 around the world. Among the many spoken tributes one of 
 the happiest characterized the Apostle to India as a man of 
 prophetic vision, of boundless energy, and of God conscious- 
 ness. Bishop Thoburn has found time to do much effective 
 writing. Among his works are "My Missionary Apprentice- 
 
 r 460 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 ship." "India and Malaysia" and "Christian Conquest of 
 India." 
 
 Bishop M. C. Harris, '73 
 
 Bishop Merriman C. Harris was born in 1S-MI, in 
 St. Clairsville, ().. the home of James M. Thoburn. When but 
 seventeen lie enlisted in the 1 lit li Ohio Volunteer Cavalry, 
 serving the final years of the Civil War. He then taught 
 school two years, and in 1S(>7 lie was licensed to preach. 
 Bishop Harris joined the Pittsburgh Conference in 1S(J!I and 
 the same year entered Allegheny, whence lie was graduated 
 in 1S7:>. 
 
 He went in October with his wife. Flora Best Harris, as a 
 missionary to Japan, opening the work at Hakodate, on the 
 
 [ 470 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 northern island of Yezzo. He was also U. S. consul here. 
 Five years later he returned to America for a season, then re 
 sumed his labors in the Orient, being stationed at Tokio. He 
 made a record of high efficiency and industry, being honored 
 by the Emperor in 1808, with the decoration of the Japanese 
 Order of Merit, because of his service to the people of the 
 Mikado. 
 
 In 1S8G he became superintendent of all Japanese Mis- 
 sions on the Pacific Coast in America and in the Hawaiian 
 Islands. The Methodist General Conference of 11)04 elected 
 him Bishop for Japan and Korea. Three conferences were 
 under his charge and some sixty missionaries. Bishop Har- 
 ris was rarely equipped to meet the delicate problems of his 
 episcopacy in the changing East. When the Japanese Method- 
 ist Church was created in 1 !)()!), he accepted the lessened re- 
 sponsibility in Japan and increased his supervision of Korea, 
 where the work has greatly grown. The Bishop has been a 
 potent factor in promoting the cordial relations of Japan and 
 the United States. 
 
 Bishop William F. Oldham, '83, was born in 
 
 Bangalore, India, in 1854, re- 
 ceiving his first education at 
 Madras. He was some years 
 a surveyor under the British 
 government. He came to 
 America to study and chose 
 Allegheny because of its alum- 
 ni missionaries in India. He 
 pursued the course until his 
 Junior year. He was a lead- 
 er in college affairs, being the 
 chief editor of the Campus. 
 He went back to his native 
 land and opened the mission 
 at Singapore on the Malacca 
 Straits, learning the Malay 
 language. Bishop Hurst re- 
 porting the enterprise, said 
 
 471 ] 
 
 Dr. W. F. Oldham
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 "All honor to Allegheny for sending out the first man for the 
 Malay millions and thus completing the connection between 
 India and China." 
 
 He started the Anglo-Chinese school, which numbers its 
 thousands, and labored with success for ten years. He then 
 returned to America and held the chair of Missions and Com- 
 parative Religions in Ohio Wesleyan University. In 1900, Dr. 
 Oldham became assistant secretary of the Foreign Missionary 
 Society of the Methodist Church. The General Conference of 
 1904 made him Missionary Bishop of Southern India. Here 
 he labored with abundant success until 1912, when he re- 
 signed from the episcopacy to become a corresponding secre- 
 tary of the Board of Foreign Missions. Dr. Oldham is an 
 indefatigable worker and a public speaker of unusual ability. 
 
 Jabez A. Burton, '38, was the first foreign missionary sent 
 out from Allegheny. Liberia then was attracting especial at- 
 tention because of the death of Melville Cox, the pioneer in 
 Africa. Burton went to Monrovia in 1839 to become principal 
 of the classical academy. The school had one hundred and 
 forty pupils in 1840. The labors of the principal were de- 
 scribed as of signal value to the mission, but in 1841, like so 
 many of his associates from America, Burton fell a victim to 
 the African fever and the remains of the Allegheny graduate 
 were placed by the side of the heroic Cox, who had challenged 
 the Christian world to the redemption of the Dark Continent. 
 
 Rev. Charles H. Doering, D.D., '41, was the second mission- 
 ary to go forth from Allegheny, and his field was his native 
 land in Europe. Born in Springe, Hanover, Germany,'he early 
 began the study of English in Bremen, with a view of coming 
 to America to gain the education that his limited means at 
 home denied him. At the age of fourteen he reached Balti- 
 more, walked to Wheeling and there fell under the influence of 
 the Methodist pioneer. Rev. Wesley Browning. Feeling called 
 to preach and declining the invitation to enter the German 
 work at once, Doering came to Allegheny and supported him- 
 self through college by teaching French and German. 
 
 Upon graduation he went to New York and built the first 
 
 [ 472 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 German Methodist Church of that city. In 1842 he did simi- 
 lar pioneer service in Pittsburgh, erecting the church edifice on 
 Strawberry street. Then he was presiding elder four years, 
 after which he was re-called to New York. With this fine rec- 
 ord of home mission work, he was sent in 1850 by the Mission- 
 ary Society to Germany as the second laborer in that land, Dr. 
 L. S. Jacobi having preceded him two years. 
 
 Dr. Doering rounded out a third of a century of conspicu- 
 ous leadership in German Methodism on the continent. His 
 first charge was in Bremen, where he was mobbed and beaten. 
 He founded a church in Hamburg. Later he was the chief 
 teacher of the theological school in Bremen. He had a pastor- 
 ate in Berlin. He became in 1871 head of the Methodist Pub- 
 lishing House and was the editor of the Evangelist. He 
 continued in charge of these interests in Germany until 1883, 
 when he returned to America to pass his declining years, dying 
 at Berea, O., June 5, 181)7. This German missionary was a 
 man of thorough scholarship, courtly manners and beautiful 
 character. His work in Germany is the abiding testiinonal of 
 
 his worth. 
 
 Rev. Albert L. 
 
 Long, D. D., 'o2, 
 came to Allegheny 
 from a Methodist 
 parsonage at Bealls- 
 ville, Pa., his fath- 
 e r b e i n g R e v 
 Warner Long of the 
 Pittsburgh Confer- 
 ence. After gradua- 
 tion, having studied 
 in the Biblical Insti- 
 tute at Concord, N. 
 H., he went as the 
 first missionary to 
 Bulgaria in 1857, 
 this field being as- 
 signed to Methodism 
 by the American 
 
 Dr. Albert L. Long, '52 
 
 [ 473 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Board. He was superintendent at Timora in a severe period 
 of persecution and war. Here he gained an accurate insight 
 into the political and religious affairs of the Balkan and Turk- 
 ish worlds. 
 
 Dr. Long removed to Constantinople in 18Go, and gave 
 himself to contracting an evangelistic literature for Bulgaria. 
 The Scriptures were put into the native tongue, four editions 
 of the complete Bible being made by him. In 1807 an Ancient 
 Slavic translation of the New Testament was prepared to be 
 brought out by the American Bible Society. The publications 
 issued by Dr. Long in 1805 alone reached a million pages. His 
 work for Bulgaria was widely recognized and praised. The first 
 national assembly gave him a vote of thanks for his services. 
 King Ferdinand later conferred upon him the Cross of the 
 Order of Civil Merit. 
 
 Robert College, Constantinople, called him to a professor- 
 ship in 1808. He was its vice-president from 1878 to the time 
 of his death 1001. His presence drew Bulgarian students 
 and many of the leaders in the modern nation were trained un- 
 der Dr. Long. He came to have a large influence in diplomatic 
 affairs, having confidential relations with the chief chan- 
 celleries of Europe. His acquaintance with the Levant, com- 
 bined with his integrity and prudence gave great weight to his 
 opinions. He was a member of many learned societies, Orienr- 
 al, European and American. One associated with him at Rob- 
 ert College, said : "Happy is the denomination that can pro- 
 duce one such man in a century." 
 
 Dr. James W. Wangh, '.*>4. after graduating from college 
 and studying in the Garrett Biblical Institute, joined the 
 Southern Illinois Conference. He answered the call of Dr. 
 William Butler for re-enforcements in India, going with James 
 M. Thoburn in 1830. He became the presiding elder of the first 
 India Conference. He established the first Methodist printing 
 press. Starting at Bareilly il was removed to Lucknow in 
 18G6, and grew into a great publishing house. Dr. Wangh per- 
 formed vast editorial and translating labors. He was in 1877 
 principal of the Memorial School at Cawnpore, and later the 
 head of the Bareilly Theological Seminary. After a half cen- 
 
 r 474 ]
 
 HISTOKV OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 tury of splendid devotion to India, he died at Moradabad, Jan. 
 22, 1910. 
 
 Dr. James II. Messmore, '51). was horn in Ontario, Canada, 
 and after completing the course in Allegheny, was graduated 
 from Garrett Biblical Institute. He sailed for India in No- 
 vember, 1800, and was connected with educational work at 
 Lucknow. He was associated with Bishop Thoburn on the 
 India Witness. He was manager for a time of the pub- 
 lishing house, also a professor in the Theological Seminary at 
 Bareilly. In his fifty years of service Dr. Messmore went 
 through the last thirty without a furlough. He held various 
 important pastorates and was presiding elder of many of the 
 districts of India. He was superintendent at the time of his 
 death in Pauri, North India, Oct. 10, 11)11. 
 
 Dr. Henry Mansell, '50, came to college from Trumbull 
 County, Ohio. After his graduation he was admitted to the 
 Pittsburgh Conference. He went to India in 18G3 and was 
 stationed in the north. He served as the first principal of the 
 school at Lucknow, that later became Reid Christian College. 
 He also was at one time the president of Bareilly Theological 
 Seminary, as well as the head of the Philander Smith Institute. 
 Dr. Mansell was proficient in Hindustani, and translated 
 evangelistic literature in many dialects. He was a tireless 
 worker until relieved at his own request in 1002. He remained 
 in India several years longer and died at Bristol, Conn.. Nov. 
 S, 1011, shortly after his classmate and fellow missionary. Dr. 
 Messmore, had passed away. 
 
 Rev. George S. Miner, '80, went out to China in 1801 to the 
 Poo Chow field as professor of science in the Anglo-Chinese 
 College. He became an educational leader, organizing the 
 system of day schools in 1896. Later he established a normal 
 school for the training of teachers. 
 
 Miss Laura Temple, '03, for more than ten years served 
 with conspicuous success as a missionary in Mexico City. 
 She promoted the industrial college and also inaugurated in 
 1004 the first college course offered to Mexican women. She 
 supervised the erection of the Sarah L. Keen College for women, 
 of which she was president until war closed the institution. 
 
 [ ^" r > ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Miss Charlotte Illingworth, '98, is engaged in mission and 
 educational work at Thandaung, India. The mission school is 
 well housed and the work is growing. 
 
 Rev. Harry Mansell, '04, was appointed to Malaysia in 1907, 
 and has met with large success in the school at Singapore. 
 
 Other alumni of Allegheny who have seen service on the 
 foreign field or are yet active are as follows : 
 
 Rev. B. E. Edgell, '65. in China from 1873-6. 
 
 Rev. J. D. Hammond. '66, in China, now corresponding sec- 
 retary of Chinese Missionary Society, Berkeley, Calif. 
 
 Rev. A. J. Maxwell, '79, to India in 1883, died of cholera 
 in 1890. 
 
 Rev. Wellington Bowser, '79, in India, 1881-7. 
 
 Mrs. Harriett Linn Beebe, 'SO, to China in 1887, died in 
 Meadville in 1906. 
 
 Dr. J. M. Thoburn, Jr.. '81, in India, 1881-8. 
 
 Rev. Crawford R. Thoburn, '85, in India, 1885-9. 
 
 Rev. David L. Thoburn, '85, in India from 1893 until death, 
 in 1905. 
 
 Mrs. W .F. Oldham. '85. in India, 1881-9. 
 
 Rev. Charles M. Miller, '84, in India, 1885-8. 
 
 Rev. S. P. Long, '81, in India from 1881-1890. 
 
 Miss Mary Clark, '86, to India, married Rev. S. P. Long in 
 Rangoon. Jan. 25, 1887; returned in 1890. 
 
 Dr. Ernest A. Bell, '88, in India. 1891-1. 
 
 Mrs. Mary Green Bell, '89. in India, 1890-9. 
 
 Mrs. Vesta Greer Peake, '89, to China in 1887-90, now in 
 Japan in active service. 
 
 Simpson II. Wood, '91, in India 1895-1902. 
 
 Miss Yernice Gelvin, '93, in Mexico, 1911-1. 
 
 Miss Myrta Keeler, '91, to Santiago, Chi la in 1913. 
 
 Miss Mary E. Boyer, '96, to Honan, China. 
 
 K. J. Paciiejieff, '91, to Bulgaria. 
 
 J. J. Pachejieff, '96, to Bulgaria. 
 
 Mrs. Eva Rockwood Geil, '06, to Congo, Africa. 1906. 
 
 Mrs. Jennie Fitzerald Millward. '00. to China, in 1907. 
 
 Rev. William Millward. '09. to Nanking. China, in 1907. 
 
 [ 476 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Mrs. Rachel Cousins Ogden, '07, to Buenos Aires, Argentine, 
 1910. 
 
 Rev. Wallace H. Miner, '07, missionary for the Methodist 
 Sunday Schools to China, in 1912. 
 
 Mrs. Edith Marlatt Allen, 'OS, to Iquique, Chili, in 1909. 
 
 Mrs. Mary Sheldon Oakey, '08, to Hupeh, China, in 1909. 
 
 Rev. W. L. Morgan, '10, to Yikarabad, India, in 1912. 
 
 Mrs. Mercedeth Allen Morgan, 1911, to India in 1914. 
 
 Mrs. Margaret Beebe Nile*, '10, to Huai Yuan, China, in 
 1913. 
 
 Rev. Henry Leitzel, '12, to North China, in 1915. 
 
 CLERGY IN AMERICA. 
 
 In the Christian ministry of America the graduates of Alle- 
 gheny are represented in several denominations. The number 
 of those who are Methodists naturally excel, but not a few 
 men of leadership have been furnished to other faiths. 
 
 Rev. Gordon Battelle, '10, I). D., was one of the most distin- 
 guished graduates of the early period after Allegheny came un- 
 der church patronage. He was born in Washington County, 
 Ohio, a son of a Harvard graduate of 1775, a Revolutionary 
 officer, one of the original settlers at Marietta. The youth 
 after a preparatory course in Marietta College came to Mead- 
 ville in 1837 to complete his education. Valedictorian of his 
 class, he first engaged in teaching, being principal of Asbury 
 Academy at Parkersburg and then organizing Northeastern 
 Virginia Academy at Clarksburg, where he labored until 1851. 
 Many of his students were directed to Allegheny to finish their 
 training. 
 
 Dr. Battelle having been licensed to preach in 1812 en- 
 tered the active ministry, serving at Charleston, Fairmount 
 and Wheeling. He was sent by the West Virginia Conference 
 to the General Conferences of 1856 and 1S60. He was a strong 
 anti-slavery man and became one of the leaders in the separa- 
 tion of West Virginia from the Old Dominion. He sat as a 
 delegate in the constitutional convention, an active associate 
 of his collegemate, Governor Pierpont. Chaplain of the 1st 
 Regt., Va. Vol., V. S. A., in the discharge of his duties at the 
 
 [ 177 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 front, he fell ill and died, Aug. 7, 1802. A life-size statue 
 preserves his memory in his native town of Newport. West 
 Virginia counts him a foremost son in hoth Church and State. 
 
 Rev. Samuel X. Callender, D. 1).. Ml, after his graduation 
 studied in the Mercersburg Theological Seminary of the Re- 
 formed Church. He served charges in Maryland and Virginia. 
 He became secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions in 
 1890, later acting as secretary emeritus. He was also a mem- 
 ber of the Liturgical Committee of the General Synod. He 
 was one of the most influential men in his denomination. His 
 death occurred May 5, 1904. 
 
 Rev. Rush R. Shippen, D.D., '44, was born in Meadville in 
 1828, a son of Judge Henry Shippen, at that time president of 
 the Board of Trustees of Allegheny. At the age of ten he en- 
 tered the preparatory department. The college closed when 
 he was in his junior year. He became a student in the Mead- 
 ville Theological School and entered the Unitarian ministry. 
 After ten year pastorates in Chicago and Worcester, Mass., 
 he became for a decade secretary of the American Unitarian 
 Association. Later there followed pastorates in Washington, 
 1>. ('.. and Brocton. Mass. His death came in June 18, 1911. 
 
 Rev. Sanford Hunt. 1 ).!)., '17, came to Allegheny from 
 Western New York and graduated with honors. He entered 
 the Genesee Conference and became one of its ablest men. 
 He was sent to the General Conference of 1872 ami each, suc- 
 ceeding quadrennium until his death in 189G. He was widely 
 known in Methodism as the head of the Methodist Book Con- 
 cern, being elected to that position in 1880. Under his direc- 
 tion the publishing interests of the church were signally ad- 
 vanced. 
 
 Rev. Moses Hill. !>.!).. '19, entered the Erie Conference in 
 1837. After eight years he was sent as pastor to Meadville, 
 when he began a four years college course. He was a man 
 with marked gifts of leadership. lie served seventeen years 
 as a presiding elder. Five times he was sent to the General 
 Conference. He was stationed in Cleveland churches for a long 
 period. From 1882 to 1898, the time of his death, lie held a 
 supernumerary relation. 
 
 [ 478 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Rev. Samuel II. Xesbit, I). 1)., '47, entered the Pittsburgh 
 Conference. Jn addition to his pastorates lie was principal 
 of Wellsburg Seminary and president of Richmond College in 
 Ohio. lie was elected editor of the Pittsbi.ko Christian Ad- 
 vocate in 1800, and was continued in the office twelve years, 
 bringing the periodical to a high degree of efficiency. Dr. 
 Xesbit was elected to four successive General Conferences at 
 the head of his delegation and was a man of large influence in 
 Methodism. His death came in 1891. 
 
 Rev. T. II. Hagerty, I). 1)., '54, after teu years' service in 
 Northern Illinois, transferred to the Missouri and Arkansas 
 Methodist Conferences. He has been in the active work over 
 sixty years and is one of the best known clergymen of the 
 Missouri Valley. For sixteen years he was presiding elder. He 
 has been the chaplain of St. Louis city institutions for three 
 decades. 
 
 Rev. I). W. Howell. D. D., '88, was a leader during his col- 
 lege course in forensics and literary work. After his gradua- 
 tion he spent three years in Drew Theological Seminary. En- 
 tering the New York East Conference he served with success 
 in Connecticut and New York. He was called to be the gen- 
 eral secretary of the Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Cir- 
 cle in 1908, and later was briefly connected with the Method- 
 ist Sunday School Board. He became secretary of the Dea- 
 coness Board of the Methodist Church in 1912, and has head- 
 quarters in Buffalo. 
 
 Rev. Nicholas H. Holmes, 1). D., 'TO, was horn on a Danish 
 island in the Baltic Sea. He prepared for the University of 
 Copenhagen, but having read a Danish edition of "Uncle 
 Tom's Cabin,'' he decided to come to America. First living 
 at Jamestown, N. Y., in 185!), he later served in the Civil War. 
 After his graduation from Allegheny, he preached in the Erie 
 Conference until 1892, when he became pastor of Wesley Chap- 
 el, Columbus, O. Transferred to the Pittsburgh Conference, 
 he was president of the Pittsburgh Female College, 1896-7, 
 and of Beaver College, 1898-1901. Taking a retired relation, 
 Dr. Holmes lived in Washington, D. C, until Dec. 10, 1915. 
 
 Rev. Charles Bayard Mitchell. D. D.. '79, was born in Alle- 
 
 [ 47!) ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 gheny City, a son of Rev. D. P. Mitchell of the Pittsburgh 
 Conference. After completing several terms in Mt. Union 
 College, he finished his course in Allegheny, taking a high 
 
 rank in scholarship. 
 The first years of his 
 ministry were spent 
 in Kansas, but for 
 thirty years he has 
 held important pas- 
 torates in notable 
 Methodist churches, 
 s u c h as Smithfield 
 Street, Pittsburgh; 
 Plainfield, X. J.; Kan- 
 sas City, Minneapolis, 
 First Church, Cleve- 
 land, and St. James' 
 Chicago. He has been 
 a delegate to Method- 
 ist General Confer- 
 ences and to World's 
 Ecumenical Confer- 
 ences. He has trav- 
 eled much in foreign 
 countries. He is the 
 author of "Letters 
 from Three Conti- 
 nents", '"The Noblest Quest", and "The Way of a Man". Dr. 
 Mitchell has exceptional gifts as a public speaker and he is 
 heard on many platforms. His pastorates have been attended 
 with large success. As a preacher, a scholar and a man of 
 affairs he is one of the ablest of Allegheny's sons. 
 
 Rev. Charles Edward Locke, 1). 1)., 'SO, was born in Pitts- 
 burgh, being a son of Dr. W. II. Locke, of the Pittsburgh Con- 
 ference. He entered Allegheny in his Junior year, having 
 studied in Reaver Seminary and Mt. Union College. After 
 graduation, he joined the East Ohio Conference, and was 
 called to Smithfield Street. Pittsburgh, in 1888, where he had 
 
 [ 480 1 
 
 Dr. C. B. Mitchell. '79
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 a successful pastorate, coming to be known as the pulpit or- 
 ator of the city. Next followed influential appointments in 
 Portland, Oregon, San Francisco, and Buffalo. 
 
 Dr. Locke went to Hanson Place Church, Brooklyn, in 
 11)04, and to First Church, Los Angeles, in 1908, where he is 
 now pastor. He is the author of "Freedom's Next War For 
 Humanity," "A Nineteenth Century Crusader", "Eddyisni", 
 "White Slavery In Los Angeles", and "Is the Negro Making 
 Good?" He is a leader in social reform, whose labors have 
 been potent in municipal uplift. 
 
 Dr. J. M. Thoburn, Jr., '81, after a theological course, 
 served one year in the Erie Conference, then transferred in 
 1884 to the South India. He was a member of the Bengal Con- 
 ference at its organization. In 1888 he returned to America 
 and held pastorates in Oil City, First Church, Duluth, Minn., 
 and Central Church, Detroit. He was called to Allegheny 
 City in the Pittsburgh Conference in 1900. Dr. Thoburn is 
 one of the strong men of Methodism and a widely known plat- 
 form speaker. 
 
 Rev. S. S. Marquis, D. 1)., '00, came to college from Ohio, 
 and was a leader in all student affairs. After graduation he 
 studied in the General Theological Seminary of New York, and 
 entered the Protestant Episcopal ministry. He is the Dean 
 of St. Paul's Cathedral, Detroit, a man of strong influence in 
 his denomination. 
 
 Rev. W. W. Youngson, D. D., '91, came to college from the 
 public schools of Pittsburgh. He had a notable record as a 
 winning orator, including an intercollegiate contest. He grad- 
 uated from Drew Seminary in 1895 and entered the Pittsburgh 
 Conference. Later he was transferred to the Newark Con- 
 ference and in 1908 he became pastor in Portland, Oregon, 
 where he has been one of the leaders on the Pacific Coast. 
 
 Rev. Robert E. Brown, D. D., '01, began his education in Al- 
 bion College, Michigan. His course at Allegheny was broken 
 by two years' pastoral work. In his final years he served the 
 State Street Church, Meadville. After a decade of highly ac- 
 ceptable ministry in the Erie Conference, Dr. Brown, in 1912, 
 was called to Asbury Church, Rochester, N. Y. 
 
 [ 481 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Kev. Robert G. Freeman, I). 1)., '04, after a brilliant record 
 in scholarship and oratory at Allegheny, entered the Presby- 
 terian Theological Seminary at Princeton. His first appoint- 
 ment was Lafayette Avenue, Buffalo. From thence, in 1911, 
 he was sent to the influential church of Pasadena, California, 
 where he has met with exceptional success. 
 
 Rev. H. Lester Smith, D. D., '04, graduated with distinction 
 and completed the theological course at Drew Institute, be- 
 ing a scholarship man. He entered the Pittsburgh Conference 
 in 1907. Under his pastorate the Bellevue Church, North 
 Side, was erected. He was sent to Delaware Avenue, Buffa- 
 lo, in 1010, and called to Detroit, Central Church, in 1912, 
 which he serves with marked efficiency. 
 
 Rev. F. M. Gregg, D. D.. 57. filled important pastorates in 
 the Presbyterian Church during his lifetime in Pittsburgh and 
 Chicago. Rev. J. M. Dight, '74, was an influential clergyman 
 of the United Presbyterian connection, being deceased in 1912. 
 Rev. J. A. Vance, D. D., '83, is a leader in the Protestant Epis- 
 copal ministry, being rector for many years of St. Andrew's 
 Church, Pittsburgh. Rev. F. M. Kerr. D. I)., '8S, is a success- 
 ful Presbyterian pastor in New York. 
 
 ALUMNI IN THE PITTSBURGH CONFERENCE 
 
 Becoming the patrons of the college, the Methodists fur- 
 nished resources and students. Allegheny in turn made nota- 
 bl contributions to the ranks of this church organization, the 
 total number being 107. Of its presidents, Martin Ruter, 
 Homer J. Clark. John Barker, George Loomis and L. H. Bug- 
 bee were members of the Pittsburgh Conference. Of the first 
 class under the new order. Philander S. Ruter, '34, was re- 
 ceived on trial, and with him was George W. (Mark. '35. In 
 1835, E. J. L. Baker, '37, joined the conference. Also of the 
 class of 1837, Richard W. Lanck and Lewis Burton were accept- 
 ed. Burton withdrawing in 1846 to join the Episcopal ministry 
 and serving with distinction in Cleveland until 1894. 
 
 Dr. Win. Cox, '41, long a leader in the conference, was ad- 
 mitted in 1839, along with Abraham Rich, '41. In 1840, there 
 joined the Pittsburgh connection, Cornelius H. -Tackson, '41, 
 
 I 482 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 and W. C. Hamilton, the father of Bishop J. W. Hamilton, and 
 Chancellor Frank Hamilton. The additions in 1841 were Mar- 
 eellns A. Rnter, '38, later a transfer to Indiana, and John O. 
 Rich, '41. Robert J. White, '41, and J. .1. ('overt, '44, joined 
 the next year. Gordon Battelle, '40, entered in 1845. 
 
 A distinguished trio joined the conference in 1847. Dr. S. 
 H. Nesbit, '47, the future editor; Dr. W. A. Davidson, '47, later 
 connected with the Ohio Conference, and Alexander Martin, 
 '47, who was to become the president of West Virginia and De 
 1'auw Universities. John W. Shirer, '40, was twenty-seven 
 years a pastor, and David A. McCready, '40, thirty-four years. 
 W. W. Roup, '50, did not continue in the ministry. James 
 Borbridge, '42, who was admitted in 1850. transferred to the 
 Rock River Conference in 1800. Andrew J. Lane, '55, was ad- 
 mitted in 1853, and passed on to the Church Triumphant in 
 1008. 
 
 John C. High, '53, after sixty-one years of active service 
 passes his last days in Pittsburgh. Edward Ellison, '56, and 
 Dr. W. K. Brown, '03, was admitted in 1850, and next, Dr. Al- 
 bert L. Long, '52, and Simeon M. Hickman, '56, who died in 
 Sionx City, Iowa, 1011, after a very useful life. The Confer- 
 ence Class of 1858 was that of Bishop J. M. Thoburn, '57, and 
 his Allegheny associates were O. N. Hartshorn, '40, Tertullus 
 Davidson, '58, and W. K. Foutch, '60. 
 
 Eight alumni were in the group admitted in 1850: Henry 
 Mansell, '50, the missionary; George W. Baker, '55; 1). W. 
 Wampler, 50; John W. Weaver, '60, transferred to Ohio Con- 
 ference; Martin S. Kendig, '60, continuing in the membership 
 until 1007; J. V. Yarnall, '63, active until 1887; Joseph Hol- 
 lingshead, '62, transferred to the Southern New England Con- 
 ference, and now living in Connecticut, and John X. Fierce, 
 '57, a leader of Methodism later in Missouri, and now retired. 
 The following year there were AY. D. Stephens, '58, and J. S. 
 Lemmon, '56. 
 
 Three alumni of the Conference Class of 1863 became later 
 trustees of Allegheny: Dr. Noble G. Miller, '61; Dr. J. M. 
 Bray, 63, and Dr. J. R. Mills, '62. Dr. Bray transferred to the 
 Erie Conference, and Dr. Mills to the East Ohio, along with 
 
 [ 483 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 his classmate, J. H. Ekey, 'G4. There followed then. Charles 
 McCaslin, '64, living until 1911, J. B. Gray, '04, until 1899; 
 W. H. McBride, '66, still surviving, and David A. Pierce, '61. 
 who after thirty years of useful ministry is a member of the 
 Northeast Ohio Conference, living at Barnesville. O. Dr. 
 James Mechem, '07, a man of prominence, died in 1914. Dr. 
 R. M. Freshwater. '07. now of the North East Ohio, and W. H. 
 Bayne, '09, were admitted in 1807. 
 
 One third of the number to join in 18G8 and 18G9 were 
 trained in Allegheny. B. E. Edgell, '65, now is a superannuate 
 of North East Ohio; Dr. S. W. Horner, '65, passed his best 
 years in Michigan. Dr. J. T. Riley, '68, is a district superin- 
 tendent in Oklahoma. I. S. Winters, '64, transferred to the 
 East Ohio, and still is living, while H. H. Pershing of the same 
 conference died in 1912. The group of 18G9 is that of Bishop 
 Harris, '73, of Japan, with whom was admitted Dr. Joseph W. 
 Miles, '74, who has served the leading churches and been pre- 
 siding elder of the Pittsburgh District ; John W. Mclntyre is 
 yet an active pastor. Dr. B. F. Beazell, '68, died in 1915. 
 George AY. Johnson, '56, a transfer from Kentucky, remained 
 active till his death in 1903. 
 
 Dr. E. R. Jones, '70, was accepted the same year in the Con- 
 ference. E. M. Williams, "70, was called from his labors in 
 1875. Dr. Asbury O. Johnson, '63, is now retired, living at 
 Blairsville. Dr. R. B. Mansell, '71, is a highly successful pas- 
 tor. Sylvanus Lane. '67, began to preach several years after 
 leaving college. Joseph E. Wright, '69, remained in the con- 
 ference; his brother, John A. Wright, '68, went to the East 
 Ohio, and now lives in Bloomington, Ind. S. W. Davis, '66, 
 came from the West Virginia Conference in 1873, and was act- 
 ive until 1!>14. T. M. St. John, '70, died in this same year of 
 entering the work. 
 
 Dr. T. II. Woodring, '73, was received into the Conference 
 in ls77 and has had an effective ministry of nearly two score 
 years, lie has been sent twice as a delegate to General Con- 
 ference. Dr. J. F. Murray, '77, is in the active pastorate. G. 
 II. Huffman, '77, transferred to the East Ohio. Dr. E. S. 
 White. '78, was admitted in 1880 and is now at New Reusing- 
 
 [ 484 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 ton, Pa. A. 10. Husted, 'SI, is now at NYindber. The greatly 
 beloved Or. .1. A. Ballantyne, '82, began his ministry in 1882, 
 and ended his remarkable mission in just a score of years. 
 
 Or. John II. Miller. '82, now entered the Conference, but 
 was connected for a while with his alma mater. He has been 
 an efficient district superintendent. AY. G. Mead, 'ST, an en- 
 ergetic pastor, and II. S. Free. '8G, were admitted in 188G, and 
 Or. C B. Mitchell, '79, came by transfer from the West. G. 
 Y. AYilson. 'TO. was received by transfer from the Erie Confer- 
 ence. 
 
 Five sons of Allegheny were added to the roll in 1888 : Or. 
 Charles L. Smith. '87, now district superintendent of the North 
 East Ohio, at Steubenville; Or. Ernest A. Bell, ^fi, a mission- 
 ary in India, and now a leader in social service in Chicago; 
 \V. T. Braden, '7(5, who died in 1905; Or. C. E. Locke, '80, by 
 transfer to Smithfield Street, and Or. J. AY. Carey, '93, the 
 present worthy superintendent of the Blairsville District. 
 
 J. A. Younkins, '91. has been twenty-six years in the work 
 and is stationed at Monaca. Or. Charles M. Miller. '85, after 
 foreign service entered the home pastorate and is now the 
 chaplain of the penitentiary at Pittsburgh. M. A. Bigg, '90, 
 joined the Conference the year of his graduation and is at Oer- 
 ry. His classmate, AT. P. A'arner, '90, is stationed at Banks- 
 ville. -I. O. W. Heazelton. '94. is serving the church at Ell- 
 wood City. All three men in the Conference Class of 1891 
 were trained in Allegheny, Or. II. O. AYhitetield. '91. now ai 
 Greensburg; H. H. Household, '89. after a theological course, 
 now supernumerary, and S. M. Mackey, '80. located at Free- 
 port. 
 
 In 1892 five were added from Allegheny: AY. F. Barcus. 
 '91, now at Swissvale; S. E. Kodkey. '95, now at Yerona ; S. P. 
 Long. '84. from the Bengal Conference, later transferring to the 
 Genesee; Or. A. C. Ellis. '78, coming briefly from the Erie Con- 
 ference, and AY. G. Barron, '95. afterwards removed to the west. 
 I. K. Howe. '93, after some years of faithful work, has retired 
 and is living at Tarentum. 
 
 Again a quintette from the college was admitted in 1895: 
 AY. C. Swearer. '95. who is making a brilliant record in Korea; 
 
 r 485 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 W. W. Youngson, '91, after a theological course, and later to 
 transfer to the East and then the West ; L. S. Wilkinson, '97, 
 now at a Pittsburgh charge; C. AY. Hoover, '98, located at Cir- 
 cleville, and William Tipper, '98, retired. Dr. N. H. Holmes, 
 '70, was transferred from the Ohio Conference in 1S96, and Dr. 
 Arthur Staples, '94, received after his graduation from Bos- 
 ton Theological School. 
 
 Three of the four candidates in 1897 were college bred: 
 Edgar P. Harper, '93, after a course at Drew Seminary, now 
 stationed at Irwin ; J. D. Brison, '97, serving now Grove Ave- 
 nue, Johnstown, and Earl C. Lindsey, '97, now at Beechview, 
 Pittsburgh. The quartette of the next year are all men with 
 college degrees and theological training. They are Harry P. 
 Johnson, '92, now at Blairsville; George Grant, '97, now at 
 Bolivar; Dr. Paul Weyand, '98, now at Jeannette, and Dr. W. 
 J. Lowstuter, at present a professor in Iliff School of Theolo- 
 gy, Denver. 
 
 Dr. J. I*. Marlatt, '82, came to the Pittsburgh Conference in 
 1899, from the Puget Sound Conference; later he returned 
 and is district superintendent at Everett, Wash. ; H. H. Carna- 
 lian. '00. is stationed at Monongahela ; A. C. Elliott, '95, be- 
 cause of ill health has had to take a supernumerary relation. 
 Dr. II. L. Smith, '04. after his admission on trial, completed his 
 work at Allegheny ami Drew Seminary, and is now in the De- 
 troit Conference; Thomas Charlesworth, '01, came by transfer 
 from the Holston Conference. 
 
 Dr. J. M. Thoburn, Jr., '81, came by transfer in 1900, and 
 lias been the energetic superintendent of the Allegheny District 
 for six years. J. Vernon Wright, '98, completed the course at 
 Drew and is now at Braddock, First Church. T. G. Shallen- 
 berger, '02. continued one year in the ministry. Herbert 11. 
 Morris, '03. transferred to Colorado. H. L. Humbert, '06, is 
 located at Dunbar. 
 
 Of the probationary class of* twelve in 1903, one half was 
 from the college. W. I,. Wilkenson, '99, is now at Duquesne 
 Heights, Pittsburgh; I). I{. Graham, '99, at Crafton Heights; 
 II. C. Lewis. '04. at Claysville. and (). B. Fmerson, '00, at Oak- 
 inont; \V. ('. Looinis. '00. transferred to California, and W. K. 
 
 [ 4S0 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Goff, '00, went into the Lutheran church. Three men, leaders 
 in college days, were accepted next year: A. K. Travis, '02, 
 now at Pitcairn; W. M. Buzza, '02, chaplain of Allegheny 
 County Workhouse, and A. C. Saxman, '04, now at Freedom. 
 
 J. E. Morrison, '05, joined the Conference the year of his 
 graduation, and is now at West Side, McKeesport. With him 
 came W. J. Miller, '04, who later completed his theological 
 studies and is at Cooper Avenue, Johnstown. Five accessions 
 from Allegheny are recorded in 1006 : D. M. Paul, '02, is 
 now at Coraopolis ; H. B. Mansell, '04, is now head of the Mis- 
 sion School in Singapore; H. C. Critchlow, '02, is the pastor at 
 Collins; H. G. Gregg, '09, died in 1915 in the midst of a bril- 
 liant career of usefulness; T. M. Dunkle, '05, is stationed at 
 Star Junction. 
 
 Groups of five alumni were again admitted in both 1907 and 
 1908 : W. S. Trosh, '04, is now at Apollo ; T. K. Fornear, '0G, is 
 in his third year at Butler Street, Pittsburgh ; G. M. Dougher- 
 ty, '0G, is at Christy Park, McKeesport; T. F. Chilcote, '08, is 
 at Gallitzen, and W. M. Bracken, '04, at Smithfield, Pa. C. A. 
 Hartung, '07, is the popular pastor at Homer City; L. I. Lord, 
 '08, is serving at Fourth Street, Braddock ; J. W. King, '06, is 
 at Beallsville ; R. B. Callahan, '08, after graduation from Bos- 
 ton, is now at Morningside, Pittsburgh, and J. C. Matteson, '02, 
 at Meyersdale. 
 
 R. P. Andrews, '08, and E. W. Kelley. '07, joined the Con- 
 ference in 1909 ; the first is located at Ambridge for the third 
 year; the second is at Washington Avenue, Pittsburgh. W. 
 G. Cole, '09, came from the Erie Conference in 1910, and is at 
 Wilmerding; S. L. Mills, '99, transferred from the Erie Con- 
 ference and is at California Avenue, Pittsburgh ; J. L. Dawson, 
 '83, transferred from the East Ohio; R. E. Boyd, '10, is in 
 charge of Trinity Temple, Pittsburgh; W. L. Morgan, '10, ac- 
 cepted on trial in 1912, went to India. 
 
 Ross B. Litten, '12, is doing a successful work at East Belle- 
 vue; J. Merrill White, '11, after graduation from Garrett The- 
 ological School, is stationed at Glassport; C. V. Sparling, '13, 
 after a course at Boston, is sent in 1915 to Elk Lick ; C. L. Nev- 
 ins, '13, comes also from Boston University to take work in 
 
 [ 487 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Johnstown ; W. R. Hofelt. '13, is assistant pastor in First 
 Church, MeKeesport; Paul Lindberg, '14, is stationed at Coal 
 Center; J. 1). Piper, '10, after graduation from Drew, has his 
 first appointment at Saltsburg. 
 
 ALUMNI IN THE ERIE CONFERENCE 
 
 In the Erie Conference, a younger and smaller organization 
 than the Pittsburgh, the number of Allegheny men who have 
 entered the ministry is larger, being 176. 
 
 Dr. Martin Ruter was the secretary of the initial session 
 at Meadville in 1836, and Presidents Homer J. Clark. Wilbur 
 G. Williams and William H. Crawford had been the other col- 
 lege executives who were members of the Conference. Wm. M. 
 Burton, George W. Clarke, R. T. Allen, Calvin Kingsley, Moses 
 Crow. L. D. Williams, James Marvin. Ammi B. Hyde and Cam- 
 den M. Cobern of the Faculty, have also been enrolled. 
 
 When the new Methodist division of preachers was formally 
 instituted in the Crawford County Court-House, the following 
 sometime-students of Allegheny received appointments : 
 George W. Clarke. '35; E. J. L. Baker. '38; Moses Crow. '40; 
 Albina Hall. '39; .lames AY. Lowe. '38; Thomas Benn and B. K. 
 Maltby. Lewis Burton, '37, was admitted on trial the same 
 year of his graduation, and in 1839 transferred to the Pitts- 
 burgh Conference. 
 
 Alexander Ban-is, '39, joined the Conference in 1839; he 
 transferred to California in 1860, and became the agent of the 
 University of the Pacific, bequeathing his library to it shortly 
 before his death, dames M. Plant, '39, was active for fifteen 
 years, then located. A trio of graduates was accepted in 1841. 
 Bishop Calvin Kingsley. '41; K. B. Lane. '41, whose ministry 
 was able and successful until his death in 1864, and Aliniran 
 (1. Miller, 41, who after acting as agent for the college, re- 
 moved to Mississippi and became a leader in educational work 
 in Methodist Church, South. (I. B. Hawkins. '42, besides suc- 
 cessful educational work, was an influential pastor, becoming 
 chaplain of an Ohio regiment. He died in the service in 1862. 
 
 George W. Maltby joined on trial in 1843, he had been a 
 student in 1840; later stationed in Meadville. he was gradu- 
 
 [ 488 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 ated in 18(H). He was a highly esteemed minister, being elect 
 e<l to General Conference in 1808. Joseph Uncles, '38, was 
 also admitted in 1843. His work was ended after a decade. 
 Thomas II. Cummins, '44, became noted in Ohio as a temper- 
 ance leader, but died within a few years. Albert M. Reed, '44, 
 had a brief career of two years. -John II. Henry. '40, was lo- 
 cated after eleven years' service. C. S. Jennes, '48, admitted 
 in 1847. withdrew in 1855, and later was in the Iowa and South 
 Kansas Conferences. He died in 1004. Roderick Norton, '45, 
 joined the Conference in 1848, was transferred to the Upper 
 Iowa in 1SC0, and was active a score of years there. 
 
 Three graduates of 184!) entered the Erie ranks. Dr. Moses 
 Hill pursued his studies while a pastor and was one of the 
 strong men of the connection. James Greer after a career of 
 pastoral and educational work died at Akron, O., in 1874. 
 George L. Little transferred to the Rock River Conference and 
 later entered the Presbyterian ministry. D. E. Day, '53, was 
 admitted in 1850, and after six years located at Girard, Pa. 
 S. T. Boyle, '53, was admitted in 1851. He transferred to 
 Missouri in 1805 and had a place of leadership, being sent to 
 the General Conference of 1880. A. S. Dobbs, '57, was also 
 accepted in 1851. He studied two years in Allegheny, then 
 went to the Boston School of Theology. He was also a mem- 
 ber of the New England and North Carolina Conference. 
 
 S. S. Burton, '52, joined the Conference the year of his 
 graduation. Including six years spent in Minnesota he was 
 an effective pastor forty years, dying at Warren, Pa., in 1!>00. 
 J. B. Orwig was admitted the same year. While a pastor near 
 Meadville he took the college courses. He transferred to the 
 Kansas Conference in 1805. P. P. Pinney, '53, had fifty years 
 of active service, during which he was made a delegate to the 
 General Conference of 1884. P. AY. Smith. '57, joined the 
 Erie in 185.'!, and after eight years retired. Fresh accessions* 
 from Allegheny were had in 1854. S. S. Stuntz, '54. was active 
 for fifteen years; S. L. Wilkinson. '54. was a pastor for twenty- 
 six years; Jeptha Marsh, '54, was transferred in 1870 to Ne- 
 braska; S. L. Mead. '54, after a feAv years located; T. P. War- 
 ner, '54, was effective thirty-seven years. 
 
 [ 480 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 J. B. G rover, '55, served in the Conference from 1855 to 
 1870, then going to the East Ohio. After superannuation he 
 lived in Missouri. J. H. McCarthy, '55, was a member of sev- 
 eral conferences after leaving the Erie, the final one being the 
 Central New York. E. S. Gillette. '50, was admitted in 1850 
 and went to the East Ohio, being many years an agent of the 
 American Bible Society. Z. AY. Shadduek, '57, was received 
 the year of his graduation. After more than thirty years of 
 acceptable ministry he died in 1888; AY. 1). Archbold, "50, was a 
 member of the Conference from 1857 to 1805, then located. 
 He now resides in Denver. 
 
 Dr. A. J. Merchant, '57. after thirty-two faithful years in 
 the itinerancy was taken in the midst of his labors. He had 
 held important positions in many of the Conference Societies, 
 was several years a presiding elder, being sent to the General 
 Conference of 1890 as a delegate. Dr. R. F. Keeler, '53, was re- 
 ceived on trial in 1858. He transferred to the East Ohio and 
 was active half a century, dying in 1008. Darius S. Steadman, 
 '58, joined the Conference in 1858. He was chaplain of the 
 105th Pa. Yols. in the Civil War. He was a man of large use- 
 fulness and power. His death came in 1007. Robert AY. 
 Scott, '50, also joined in 1858 and was effective thirty-two 
 years, removing to Kansas when superannuated. Ezra R. 
 Knapp, '00, was the fourth Alleghenian in the Conference 
 Class of 1858. After thirty-two years' service, he survived a 
 decade in retirement. 
 
 (). (J. McEntire, '50, was the first graduate from the Bibli- 
 cal department of Allegheny. He was thirty-five years in the 
 ministry, including the presiding eldership of the Jamestown 
 District. He died in 1803. In 1800 AV. A. Clark. '00, and S. 
 S. Sears, '51', were received, the former an active pastor more 
 than thirty years in the Erie and East Ohio Conferences, the 
 latter dying in 1801 in the midst of educational duties. E. A. 
 Ludwig, '02, joined the ministry in 1862, later going to Cali- 
 fornia. Professor dames Marvin. '51, was admitted in 1803. 
 Likewise B. F. Delo, '50, who was effective thirty-three years, 
 presiding elder of the Clarion District, and superannuated in 
 1807, now living in Clarion. 
 
 [ 400 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 There were seven former students in the Conference Class 
 of 1803. Dr. R. X. Stubbs, '03, had a fruitful pastorate of al- 
 most a half century, including two terms as a presiding elder. 
 He now lives in California. Edwin B. Cummings, '02, went to 
 the Wisconsin Conference in 1870, and to the Black Hills as a 
 missionary in 1883. He later became a religious editor, and 
 was in the South Dakota legislature. He now resides in In- 
 dianapolis. Frank Brown, '55, after teaching in Ohio Uni- 
 versity and Allegheny College, had seventeen years in the min- 
 istry, the final service being in the East Ohio. Dr. A. H. 
 Domer, '01, went to the East Ohio in the division of 1870, and 
 remaining active a quarter of century, enjoying many honors 
 in his career. A. J. Lindsey, '63, was an effective pastor for 
 thirty-seven years. He died at Jamestown, N. Y., in 1908. 
 
 Dr. David Latshaw, '02, joined the Conference in 1801. In 
 his twenty-eight years' connection, ten were spent as presiding 
 elder. He was a delegate to the General Conference of 1880. 
 He was the director of the Clarion Assembly for many years, 
 and a forceful leader. AY. A. Maltby, '02, came from the Min- 
 nesota Conference in 1804, was in the pastorate twenty-eight 
 years, being at his death temperance evangelist. 
 
 Of the five received in 1S05, James AY. Groves, '00, Avas 
 twenty years in the active work; C. C. Hunt, '07, did not take 
 the superannuate relation until after forty years of faithful 
 service; J. G. Townsend, '07, after transfer to the Genesee Con- 
 ference in 1884, founded later an independent church in James- 
 town, X. Y. ; Dr. A. X'. Craft, '65, transferred to the East Ohio 
 after filling the leading churches of the Erie Conference. He 
 was a delegate to the General Conferences of 1880 and 1900; 
 Francis A. Archibald, '08, also went to the East Ohio and after 
 a score of years retired, removing to California. 
 
 Dr. R. S. Borland. '59, was admitted in 1807. He was in 
 the pastorate thirty-five years and then became manager of the 
 Conference Claimants Fund. He was a delegate to the General 
 Conferences of 1888, and of 1890. He was held in high esteem 
 in all his relations. His death came in 1915. Dr. J. M. Bray, 
 '03, came from the Pittsburgh Conference in 1807. He was 
 active forty years, being presiding elder of the Franklin Dis- 
 
 [ 491 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 trict. He died in 1001). Dr. E. D. McCreary, '07, transferred 
 to the California Conference after twenty years, within which 
 time he had been presiding elder of the Jamestown. X. Y. Dis- 
 trict. John S. Albertson, '53. came from the Wesleyan Church 
 in 1807. and was active fifteen years. Frederick Fair, '70, 
 was admitted in 1807. and after thirty years, retired. He died 
 in 1911. 
 
 D. W. Wampler, '59, entered in 1808 after work in the 
 Pittsburgh Conference. He was effective for seventeen years. 
 Lewis Wick, '08. was received in 1809. He was in the active 
 pastorate thirty-three years and now lives at Darlington. C. 
 W. Foulke, '09, continued effective in the conference thirty-five 
 years. He died in 1910. H. W. Leslie, '02. joined in 1809, and 
 had a brief ministry of but five years. There were four from 
 Allegheny in the Conference Class of 1870; I. D. Darling, '70. 
 was thirty years in the ministry, dying in 1900; Dr. X. H. 
 Holmes, '70. after thirty-five years of varied service retired to 
 Washington, D. C. ; J. B. Corey, '01. went to the East Ohio in 
 1870 and Avas a leader in church extension and city missionary 
 work. J. A. Hume. '01. was active for twenty -five years, locat- 
 ing at Pleasantville. 
 
 Dr. R. F. Randolph, '68, joined the Conference in 1871, after 
 taking the law course in Michigan University. He has been a 
 member of the East Ohio. West Virginia, Genesee and Wiscon- 
 sin Conferences. He was presiding elder of the New Castle 
 District. 1900-5. He has been active forty-five years. Harvey 
 Henderson. '57. was eleven years a successful pastor and then 
 located, returning to the practice of law. J. M. Foster, 'G2, 
 left the practice of medicine and from 1871 was for thirty-sev- 
 en years an efficient pastor. J. W. Snyder, '72, transferred to 
 the East Ohio in 1870 where death cut short his ministry in 
 1883. Dr. \V. W. Painter. '<!<>. after graduation from Garrett 
 Biblical Institute, entered the Wisconsin Conference. He 
 transferred to the Erie in 1872, to the Kock River in 1800. (ly- 
 ing in 1902. I>r. W. .1. Wilson, '00, in four years was trans- 
 ferred to the Fast Ohio Conference and rounded out thirty 
 years of service, now living in At water. ( ). S. E. Winger was 
 admitted in IS72, was ellicient until 1900, and died in 1012. 
 
 [ 492 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 A group of four from the college was in the class of 18T.">. 
 C. W. Harrow, '09, went to the Puget Sound Conference in 1891 
 and after seven years of professorial work, returned to the 
 active ministry, dying in Tacoma in 1912. C. V. Wilson, 'TO, 
 was received by transfer and later went to the Genesee Con- 
 ference, dying- in 1913. L. T. Kirk, '71, located in 1878, and 
 lives in Beaman, Mo. J. K. Adams, '70, was active thirty-five 
 years, dying in 1913. W. B. Holt, '56, was a member of the 
 Genesee and Detroit Conferences, coming to the Erie in 1874, 
 where he was effective until his death in 1892. 
 
 In the entering elass of 1876 there were six Allegheny repre- 
 sentatives. Dr. W. (i. Williams, '75, went to the Ohio Confer- 
 ence in 1889, and to the St. Louis in 1894, his untimely demise 
 coming in 1890. Dr. C. M. Cobern, '70, after being a member 
 of three other conferences, returned to the Erie in 190(5 with 
 his professorship in the College. Dr. W. O. Allen, '70, trans- 
 ferred to the Des Moines in 1885; he was presiding elder 1899- 
 1904, and now is in the faculty of Drury College. E. K. Creed, 
 '75, went to the New Y^ork East Conference in 1895, and then 
 to the Wilmington, his death coining in 1904. J. Boyd Espy 
 after a successful business and political career entered the 
 ministry and had a record of large usefulness, serving as pre- 
 siding elder of the Erie District, 1900-5; he died in 1907. W. 
 S. Shepard, '76, was effective for twenty-five years. 
 
 P. A. Reno, '77, joined the Conference in 1878. In addition- 
 al to educational work, he graduated at Garrett. His death 
 came in 1900 at the height of a useful career. Wellington 
 Bowser, '79, was admitted in 1879, and transferred to the South 
 India Conference. J. A. Hovis, '78, joined in 1880, and after 
 transferring to the northwest, returned to the Erie in 1903, and 
 is a busy pastor. 
 
 A quartette of accessions came in 1881. Dr. J. M. Tho- 
 burn, dr., 1881, later a member of three conferences, came back 
 to the Erie in 1888, and is now in the Pittsburgh Conference. 
 Dr. C. AY. Miner, '81, has been an aggressive pastor for thirty- 
 three years and is now district superintendent of the Dubois 
 District. He is a delegate to the General Conference. S. E. 
 Ryan. '82, transferred to the North Dakota Conference in 1889. 
 
 [ 49:>> ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 He was a delegate to the General Conference of 1900. L. O. 
 Mead, '81, was transferred in 1882 to Kansas, where he died 
 in 1887. J. A. Parsons, '88, was admitted on trial in 1883 and 
 conducted a worthy ministry for thirty years, his death oc- 
 curring in 1913. A. AY. Decker '85, came from the Arkansas 
 Conference and removed in 1888 10 the Genesee. B. P. Linn 
 came from the Upper Iowa Conference and after six years was 
 called from his earthly labors. 
 
 Dr. A. C. Ellis, '78, transferred from the East Ohio Confer- 
 ence in 1881. He had taken his theological training at Drew, 
 and for thirty-two years was in the active ministry, having 
 long pastorates at First Church, Erie, and Trinity Church, Oil 
 City. He was a delegate to the General Conference of 1904. 
 He became assistant editor of the Pittsburgh Christian Ad- 
 vocate in 1913. Five other alumni were admitted in 1881. 
 C. R. Thoburn. '85, went to India for three years and then 
 after a period in the South West Kansas Conference was from 
 1891 to 1898 at the head of Puget Sound University. His 
 death occurred in 1899. C. M. Miller, '85, after four years in 
 India, returned to America to the Pittsburgh Conference. T. 
 J. Hamilton, '85. after twenty years transferred to the Colo- 
 rado Conference. A. E. Colgrove, '81, transferred from the 
 Central Pennsylvania, and was discontinued in 18S7. W. M. 
 Canfield. '89, transferred from the Central Tennessee and later 
 went to the Montana Conference, where he died in 1892. 
 
 Dr. AY. P. Murray, '80, joined the Conference the year of his 
 graduation He transferred to Nebraska in 1892, returning to 
 the Erie in 1899. He was presiding elder of the Erie District, 
 and delegate to General Conference in 1901. Dr. S. M. Gor- 
 don. '8G, lias been an effective pastor thirty years and is now 
 stationed at Chautauqua, X. Y. W. P. Trevy, '88, received 
 from the West Yirginia Conference, died two years after his 
 admission. P. L. Perry. '88, came from the West Yirginia 
 Conference and is now stationed at Dubois. 
 
 Dr. J. M. Thoburn. dr.. 'Si, transferred in 1888 from the 
 Bengal Conference, and was stationed at Oil City four years, 
 then going to the Minnesota. James D. Knapp, '81, has been 
 active many years and now is at Steamburg. Of the group 
 
 [ 494 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 admitted in 1880, H. S. Bates, '73, is now retired at Woodlawn ; 
 J. M. Dobson, '00, went to the Genesee Conference and was dis- 
 continued after a few years; .J. M. Farrell, '1)1. lias been effec- 
 tive a quarter of a century, retiring in 1014. Four of the 
 elass of seven applying in 1890 were from Allegheny. G. S. W. 
 Phillips, '00, has been a faithful pastor and is stationed at 
 Clintonville. .1. G. Harshaw, '04, after a period in Oklahoma, 
 is now at Brockwayville. V. F. Dnnkle, '00, retired after fif- 
 teen years' service. G. T. Kobinson, '01, was discontinued 
 after one year. Charles L. Pappenhagen, '81, came in 1801 as 
 a transfer from the North Ohio, retiring in 1004. 
 
 Dr. Elmer E. Higley, '04, was received in 1802, later stud- 
 ied at Drew and after some years transferred to the West, 
 now being pastor of Grace Church, DesMoines, Iowa. G. W. 
 Corey, '02, has been appointed to Espyville and H. H. Clare, 
 '05, is continued at Stockton, N. Y. A. E. Ryan, '05, later 
 transferred to Texas. There were two from the college to en- 
 ter the Conference in 1803. E. I). Mowry, '03, after a score of 
 years of work, is now at West Pittsburgh ; S. L. Mills was 
 later to remove to the Pittsburgh Conference. Dr. .Tames W. 
 Campbell, '03. remained in the Conference until 1007, where, 
 after study abroad, he was called to Xewtonville, Mass. 
 
 Horace McKinney, '05, was admitted the year of his gradu- 
 ation. He later studied at Boston. His able ministry was 
 cut short by death in 1011. Dr. D. G. Latshaw, '05, went to 
 Boston School of Theology, then transferred to the Cincin- 
 nati Conference and in 1010 became an International Y. M. C. 
 A. Secretary. E. M. Fradenburgh, '05. is now preaching at 
 Sykesville. E. C. Kickenbrode, '87, came in 1807 from the 
 Evangelical Association. He is now stationed at Kinzua. 
 
 Dr. Norris A. White. 05, came into the Erie in 1808, after 
 a divinity course. He is now at First Church, Warren. The 
 class of 1800 had seven accessions from Allegheny. S. (J. Gil- 
 lette, '00, after several years of acceptable ministry, trans- 
 ferred to the Michigan Conference. W. H. Lofthouse, '00, re- 
 moved to the Genesee. George X. Gage, '00. after completing 
 a theological course at Boston, remained in the Conference 
 seven years; then after recovering his health he went to the 
 
 [ 405 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Dakota Conference. H. K. Steele, '09, is now the pastor at 
 Waterford. Dr. R. E. Brown, '01, after a dozen years, trans- 
 ferred to the Genesee and is at Asbnry Church, Rochester. 
 E. O. Minnigh, '82, came by transfer and is now stationed at 
 Volant. J. C. A. Borland, '00, after a long and prosperous 
 pastorate in Erie, has gone to First Church, Dubois. 
 
 John E. Roberts, '00, was admitted the year he left college. 
 He is the pastor at Falconer, N. Y. S. L. Todd. '05. is serv- 
 ing the charge at Fillmore. J. R. Rich, '99, came by transfer 
 at this time and is now stationed at Emlenton. In 1901, E. 
 \V, Robinson, '99, was accepted and now serves the church at 
 Sherman, X. Y. Dr. L. L. Swisher, '99, after his theological 
 course joined the Conference and is stationed at present at 
 First Church, Greenville. H. C. Lytle. '03, later transferred 
 to the Newark Conference. A. E. Salisbury, '01, was the one 
 addition of 1902. He is now at Busti, N. Y. 
 
 A quartette came from the College in 1903. J. B. Cook, '02, 
 was a transfer from West Virginia. He is now at Girard. E. 
 W. Springer, '03, serves the charge at Hazen. W. J. Baldwin, 
 '02, had been in the Colorado Conference. He is now stationed 
 at Kingsley Church, Erie. J. W. Frampton was discontinued 
 after a year, but in 1907 again was received on trial. He fin- 
 ished at college in 1911 and is now at Venango. The two ex- 
 cellent accessions of 1905 were Bruce Wright, '05, now gone 
 to Manila, and C. G. Farr. '06, serving Epworth Church, New 
 Castle. 
 
 Three alumni were added to the Erie list in 190(5. Lewis 
 Bird. '88, came briefly from Central New York and passed on 
 to the Michigan Conference. W. J. Ilewit. '05. now serves the 
 charge at Forestville, N. Y. Homer B. Davis, '06, is stationed 
 at Kidgway. In the class of 1007, II. B. Potter, '01, returned 
 from the New England, having first entered the Erie in 1001. 
 lie is now serving with distinction at Brookville. R. N. Mer- 
 rill, '01. transferred from the Philadelphia Conference. He 
 lias been three years ;it West field. X. V. Charles T. Greer, '08, 
 went later to Drew Seminary and is now at North East. E. 
 I). Thompson, '02, is stationed at New Richmond. 
 
 Of the Conference Class of 1908, C. C. Merrill. '05, is sta- 
 
 [ 106 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 tioned at Cattaraugus, and W. G. Cole, '09, transferred to the 
 Pittsburgh. I. E. Rossell, '12, who was added in 1001), now 
 serves Panama, N. Y. Earl T. English, '13, has been four 
 years at Big Run. I). J. Blasdell, '13, is attending theolog- 
 ical school, as is also \V. A. Godsave, '15. L. E. Elbel, '14, is 
 located at Guys Mills. S. L. Maxwell, '10, was received in 
 1015 from the New England Southern Conference, and assigned 
 to Parker's Landing. Oliver Gornall, '15, is stationed at 
 Springfield. 
 
 In the North-East Ohio Conference, formerly the East 
 Ohio Conference, there are enrolled these alumni now living : 
 I. S. Winters, '64, for thirty-one years effective; Dr. C. H. 
 Stocking, '66, an effective pastor for almost a half century, 
 many years a member of the Joint Board of Control of the col- 
 lege, now residing at Burton, O. ; Dr. J. A. Wright, '08, living 
 at Bloomington, Ind., after thirty years of labor. 
 
 E. B. Wilson, '78, resides at Cleveland; T. H. Taylor, '82, 
 is stationed at Mechanicstown, O. ; Dr. C. L. Smith, '87, is 
 district superintendent at Steubenville; W. L. Askue, '89, 
 serves Orangeville; A. R. Elliott, '01, is at Garrettsville ; O. H. 
 Houser, '08, at Woodland Avenue, Cleveland, and I'. B. Schaff- 
 ner, '09, at Mentor. 
 
 In the AYest Virginia Conference are found Dr. H. D. (Mark, 
 '78, stationed at Buckhannon ; Dr. M. F. Compton, '81, District 
 Superintendent at Moundsville; Dr. James E. Bird, '02, the 
 successfnl pastor at Charleston, and (Maude H. King, '05, at 
 Terra Alta. 
 
 Other Methodist clergymen alumni are, Henry AYilson, '00, 
 Chicago, 111. ; J. A. Simpson, '66, Kansas City, Kan. ; Dr. J. T. 
 Riley, '68, District Superintendent, Muscogee, Okla. ; J. E. 
 Wright, '70, Beaver, Pa.; Silas Sprowls, '71, Los Angeles, 
 Calif.; Dr. W. M. Martin, '75, Hammond, Ind.; George H. 
 Huffman, '77, Empire, O. ; J. P. Brushingham, '77, South Park, 
 Chicago, 111.; J. S. Trockmorton, '81, Derby, la.; Dr. J. P. 
 Marlatt, District Superintendent, Everett, Wash. ; Dr. AY. F. 
 Compton, '82, District Superintendent, Ponghkeepsie, N. Y. ; 
 E. C. Swartz, '82, Brockton, Mass. ; Dr. AY. P. Grant. '83, Oak- 
 
 [ 497 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 land. Calif. ; W. I. Dice. '84, Waldwick, X. J. ; S. P. Long, '84, 
 Naples. N. Y. ; B. F. Wolff, '84, San Fernando, Calif. 
 
 T. J. Hamilton, '85, Denver, Col. ; W. B. Primer, '89, Islip, 
 Conn.; T. E. Cramer, '00, Tilton, N. H. ; Jerome Greer, '00, 
 Niantic, Conn. ; W. E. Fetch, '01, Columbus, O. ; H. H. Critch- 
 low, '04, Burnside, Conn. ; J. G. Harshaw, '04, Bartlesville, 
 Okla.; T. W. McKinney, '05, Coatesville, Pa.; Dr. N. A. Dar- 
 ling, '00, St. Regis Falls, N. Y. ; Dr. W. R. Fruit, '00, Detroit, 
 Mich.; A. E. Ryan, '00, Port Arthur, Texas: Dr. W. E. Thomp- 
 son, '07, Waterbury, Conn. ; W. H. Lofthouse, '00, Monroe, N. 
 Y.; Alfred Wicks, '00, Rantoul, 111. 
 
 N. P. Champlin, '00, Spring Valley, N. Y. ; D. N. F. Blake- 
 ney, '01, Pine Hill, N. Y. ; G. R. McDowell, '02, Steamboat, Col. ; 
 C. B. Croxall, '03. Bristol, Ind. ; A. T. Maxwell, '03, Galesburg, 
 Kan.;C. E. Odell, '03, Milwaukee, Wis.; F. C. Reynolds, '05, 
 Govans, Md. ; R. W. Scouten, '05, Whiting, la. ; H. J. Wood, '05, 
 Grandview, Wash. ; R. T. Doherty, '05, Springville, N. Y. ; W. 
 H. Wersen, '05, Eagle Mills, N. Y. ; L. W. Swanson, '0G, New 
 Boston, N. H. ; F. M. Thompson, '00, Baltimore, Md. ; W. S. J. 
 Dumville, '00, Galloway, Neb. ; Dr. S. W. Robinson, '07, Normal 
 Park, Buffalo, N. Y. ; R. S. Rees, '07, Winlock, Wash. ; A. A. 
 Reavely, '08, Bradford, Pa.; C. I). Purdy, '08, Valois, N. Y. ; 
 W. C. Cravener. '00, New York City ; H. W. Fishel, '00, Barre, 
 Mass.; R. W. Plannette, '00, Berlin. Wis.; J. L. Grander, '10, 
 Everett, Wash.; W. L. Stidger, '10, San Francisco; F. E. 
 Willey. '10, Stanhope, N. J.; P. M. Hillman., '11, Marion, 
 Mass.; H. T. Lavely, '12, West Newbury, Mass.; O. A. Par- 
 menter, '14, Evanston, 111. ; J. G. Lane, '15, South Boston, Mass. 
 
 These alumni are Baptist ministers: W. W. Dewey, '04, 
 Chicago, 111.; O. R. Thomas, '84, Galva, 111.; G. W. Hatch, '80, 
 Mahaffey, Pa.; J. Milton Harris, '01, Las Vegas, N. Mex. ; Mor- 
 ton Sheldon, '02, Wyoming, Pa.; F. E. Stockton, '04, Madison, 
 N. Dak. 
 
 Presbyterian pastors once enrolled at Allegheny are: E. P. 
 Clark, '07, Detroit, Mich.; E. P. Robinson, '75, Sodus Center, 
 X. Y.: J. H. Malcolm, '77, Chicago, 111.; Dr. C. H. Bruce, '70, 
 Matawan, N. J.: E. A. Nelson, '70, Columbia County, N. Y. ; 
 
 [ 40S ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Dr. Glenroie McQueen, '82, New Richmond, O. ; Charles Nu- 
 gent, '82, Texas City, Tex. ; Dr. H. C. Foster, '89, Clifton, O. ; 
 A. J. Goodfrieml, '89, Santa Monica, Calif.; W. S. Douds, '94, 
 Meadville, Fa.; F. II. Mixsell, '97, Tacoma, Wash.; L. J. Ben- 
 nett, '02, Barking Ridge, N. J.; J. 0. Hughes, '08, Baltimore, 
 Md., and L. W. Sherwin, '08, Oil City, Fa. 
 
 Protestant Episcopal clergymen of the alumni are: C. C. 
 Hoskins, '77, Paris, N. Y. ; J. T. Ewing, '81, Brooklyn, Mich.; 
 Andrew Fleming, '81, Brooklyn, N. Y. ; R. W. Elliott, '90, 
 Railway, N. Y., and C. A. Langston, '95, Afton, Va. Lutheran 
 ministers are: V. O. Boyer, '93, Cleveland, O., and R. W. E. 
 Yeany, '03, Evans City, Pa. United Presbyterian, F. A. Col- 
 lins, '90, Greensboro, Vt. ; A. J. Calvin, '94, Noblestown, Pa.; 
 R, C. Douds, '96, Stoneboro, Pa., and J. H. Douds, '97, Home- 
 stead, Pa. ; W. L. McKinney, '08, Unitarian, Geneseo, 111. 
 
 IN EDUCATION 
 
 A larger proportion of the alumni of Allegheny has gone 
 into higher and secondary education than into any of the oth- 
 er professions. Many of the students of the early decades 
 gained the means to finish their course by teaching in the 
 common schools. The college early encouraged its graduates 
 to prepare for educational work. Its representatives have 
 gone into far scattered fields of opportunity. Today they 
 occupy not a few worthy positions of trust and influence. 
 
 Dr. Cyrus Nutt, '36, was the most distinguished educator 
 among the alumni of the first quarter of a century of the col- 
 lege. He passed in 1837 from the principalship of the prepar- 
 atory school of Allegheny to that of Indiana Asbury Universi- 
 ty, now DePauw, becoming later professor of Greek. After 
 four years in the Methodist ministry, he returned to Asbury, 
 then became president of Ft. Wayne Female College in 1849. 
 and of Whitewater College in 1850. The third time going 
 back to Asbury in 1857, he was acting president until the in- 
 auguration of Dr. Bowman. 
 
 The most important work of Dr. Nutt in education began in 
 1860, when for fifteen years he served as president of Indiana 
 University. The State institution grew steadily in enrollment, 
 
 [ 499 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 equipment and endowment under his administration. His 
 success was recognized by the University of Missouri and Han- 
 over College in conferring upon him the honorary degree of 
 LL. D. In the second month after President Nutt's resigna- 
 tion in 1875, his death followed. 
 
 Alexander Martin, D. D., LL. D., was born in Nairn, Scot- 
 land, and came to Ohio as a boy of fourteen. Nine years later 
 in 1S17 he was graduated from Allegheny and became a teach- 
 er in the Northwestern 
 Academy at Clarksburg, 
 Ya. After a period in the 
 ministry he was elected 
 professor of Greek in his 
 alma mater, holding the 
 position ten years until 
 18G1. Becoming a pastor 
 at Wheeling, W. Ya., he 
 had supervision of the 
 hospital work in the war 
 area from Maryland to 
 Tennessee. 
 
 When West Virginia 
 decided to create a state 
 university. Dr. Martin be- 
 came its first president. 
 
 Dr. Martin, '47 T ,, e , , 
 
 In the face ot many obsta- 
 cles he rendered heroic services to higher education. He gath- 
 ered a strong faculty about him, and in seven years laid well 
 the foundations of a useful institution. In 1875 lie was called 
 to the presidency of Asbury University at Greencastle, Ind. 
 For fourteen years lie ably guided its fortunes at a critical 
 time in its history. Large financial aid was pledged and the 
 transition made from Asbury to DePauw University. 
 
 President Martin held the chair of mental and moral phil- 
 osophy. When he resigned as executive in 1880, he became 
 professor of systematic theology, retaining the position until 
 his death in 1803. lie had a chief part in shaping the ednca- 
 
 [ 500 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 tional policy of the Methodist Church, being four times ;i mem- 
 ber of the General Conference. Dr. Martin was a man of 
 strong personality and large public spirit. He was a leader 
 in many reform movements. President John of DePauw char- 
 acterized him as "one having a backbone ami a conscience run- 
 ning all through it." 
 
 Dr. 0. X. Hartshorn, '4!), the founder of Mt. Union College, 
 was born in lSL'L' in Ohio and attended the public schools of 
 Mt. Union, a village near Alliance. Before coming to college 
 at Meadville, he had started a select school in the loft of the 
 village woolen mill and organized the Mt. Union Academy in 
 1810. The first building was erected by a stock company. 
 Later the growing school was changed to a seminary and then 
 received a charter as a college in 1857. 
 
 Dr. Hartshorn associated with two other graduates of Alle- 
 gheny saw his institution flourish and gain much favor. It 
 was taken under the patronage of the Methodist Church. Its 
 president was a member of the Pittsburgh Conference and later 
 of the East Ohio. He was a delegate to the General Conference 
 of 1805. He continued as executive of Mt. Union until 1887, 
 when he retired with the assurance that he had built securely 
 for the future. His life ended Sept. 17, 1901. 
 
 James Marvin, D.D., LL.D., '51, was a fourth alumnus to 
 become president of an institution of higher learning. His la- 
 bors from 1875 to 188o in behalf of the University of Kansas 
 gave a permanent impetus to education in the state. 
 
 George AY. Clarke, A.M., Ph.D., '51, a nephew of Professor 
 G. AY. Clarke, '35, was nominated by President .John Barker in 
 1851, for a place in Mt. Union College, where he continued in 
 the faculty forty-eight years. He taught the natural sciences 
 and created the museum. Dr. Clarke was fourteen years vice- 
 president of the college and president in 1887-8. He was for 
 twenty years treasurer of the college and secretary of the board 
 of trustees sixteen years. He was a man of large usefulness and 
 universally beloved by the constituency of Mt. Union. His death 
 caim 1 Jan. 5, 1907. 
 
 Professor Ira O. Chapman, '51, was a college companion of 
 Dr. Clarke, '51, from the same Ohio county. Portage. He was 
 
 r 5oi i
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 a member of the Allegheny trio that contributed so signally to 
 the making of Mt. Union College. The main building is named 
 in his honor. He was professor of classics from 1851 until his 
 death. 
 
 John F. Eberhart, A.M., LL.D., '53, went to Illinois after 
 his graduation and became a pioneer in public education. He 
 was superintendent of schools in Cook County, 1859-69. He 
 was the editor of school publications and promoted legislation 
 favorable to education. His labors resulted in the creation of 
 the county normal schools. He was interested in the profes- 
 sion until his death, Jan. 13, 1914, at the age of eighty-five, be- 
 ing the oldest life member of the National Educational Asso- 
 ciation. Dr. Eberhart out of his business successes made gen- 
 erous gifts to his ahna mater. 
 
 Professor Ephraim Miller, Ph.D., after his graduation in 
 1855 served as superintendent of schools of Youngstown and 
 Findlay, Ohio, and of Lawrence, Kan. He was elected in 1874 
 to the chair of mathematics and astronomy in the University of 
 Kansas, a position he held for thirty-six years, being then made 
 emeritus professor. He now resides in Pasadena, Calif. Dr. 
 Miller was also dean of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences 
 from 1895 to 1903. He is the member of several learned socie- 
 ties. He is the author of a text on trigonometry and a con- 
 tributor to scientific publications. 
 
 Chancellor Milton B. Goff, LL.D., '55, was born in Se- 
 wickley in 1831. After learning the trade of printer, he en- 
 tered college, distinguished himself in mathematics under the 
 guidance of Professor Kingsley. After graduation he at once 
 began his life career of a teacher, serving at Madison College, 
 North Illinois University and elsewhere. In 1865 he took the 
 chair of mathematics in Western University of Pennsylvania, 
 a position he held for seventeen years. Then his alma mater 
 called him to Meadville where as professor of mathematics 
 and astronomy for two years his work was prosecuted with 
 much enthusiasm and favor. 
 
 The Western University, now known as the University of 
 Pittsburgh, summoned him back in 1884 to its executive chair 
 and here for six years his administration was attended with 
 
 [ 502 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 large success, the institution entering the new building on Ob- 
 servatory Hill on the North side. The Chancellor spent a year 
 studying European Universities and prepared plans for the ad- 
 vancement of Pittsburgh interests in higher education. While 
 visiting the Homestead mills in company with foreign engi- 
 neers he met with an accident, and later his death came un- 
 expectedly, Nov. S, 1800. 
 
 Dr. Goff was one of the prominent mathematicians of his 
 time, being the author of seven text books on the subject. He 
 also wrote occasionally upon astronomy. This distinguished 
 alumnus of Allegheny was an active member of the Methodist 
 Church and a man of high Christian character. He was noted 
 as a sound counsellor in private and public affairs and was 
 widely esteemed for his social qualities. His influence on the 
 growing university at Pittsburgh is an enduring testimonial 
 of his worth. 
 
 Rev. Alfred D. Lee, '59, was the founder and first president 
 of New Market College in Ohio, chartered in 1870, changed to 
 Scio College in 1877. The school gained early publicity as 
 "The One Study University." Rev. Edward Ellison, '56, suc- 
 ceeded Lee in the presidency in 1878. 
 
 Professor Adam C. Hickman, '62, studied law in the Union 
 Law r College of Cleveland, O., and was engaged in the active 
 practice thirty-three years in Minnesota. He was probate 
 judge of Owatonna, 1869-72. He became professor of Pleading 
 and Practice in the College of Law, University of Minnesota 
 in 1806, and continued until 1013. A portion of this period he 
 was acting dean. He now resides in Minneapolis. 
 
 Colonel James Riley Weaver, '63, received his diploma when 
 he was fighting in the Eigtheenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, lead- 
 ing a company. He saw much severe service and was captured 
 in 1863, being held in Libby Prison and elsewhere a year and 
 a half. He was made brevet colonel upon his release. After 
 the war he finished a course of study in Garrett Biblical Insti- 
 tute. He took a position for two years in West Virginia 
 University, as instructor in mathematics and military 
 science. 
 
 The young professor in 1860 married a daughter of Bishop 
 
 [ 503 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Col. Weaver, '63 
 
 Matthew Simpson and entered 
 the consular service. He was 
 ten years U. S. consul at Ant- 
 werp, and then promoted to 
 be consul general at Vienna, 
 returning to America in 1885. 
 In these important stations 
 the efficiency of Colonel 
 Weaver was much praised. 
 For the following thirty years 
 lie has been a highly esteemed 
 member of the faculty of De- 
 Pauw University, filling first 
 the chair of modern languages 
 and political philosophy. 
 
 From 1893 to 1908, he was 
 professor of political science and sociology, and of political 
 and economic science, 1908-11. In recent years he has been 
 professor emeritus of political science. He has written con- 
 siderably upon economic and political subjects and is noted 
 as an efficient lecturer. The fine qualities of culture, courtesy 
 jind Christian personality blend most happily in Colonel 
 Weaver. 
 
 Rev. W. Kennedy Brown, 1 ).!)., '63, went from the Pitts- 
 burgh to the Cincinnati Conference and was elected president 
 of the Wesleyan Female College of Cincinnati, serving from 
 1882 to 1892, with much success. He was one of the organ- 
 izers of the National Prohibition party and the editor for a 
 time of the Monitor. He died Oct. 29, 1915. 
 
 Rev. John Wheeler, '41, was president of Baldwin Uni- 
 versity. Hon. V. M. Pice, '41, New York State Superintendent 
 of Schools; Prof. Joseph Tingley, '42. the vice president of As- 
 bnry University; A. T. Miller, '41, professor in Centenary Col- 
 lege, La., and .1. V. Gould, '57, in Marietta College. 
 
 Rev. John A. Simpson, A.M., '6G, after teaching in Pitts- 
 burgh College, Mo., was elected in 18G9 president of Baker Uni- 
 versity Kansas, returning later to the active ministry. Dr. 
 
 >04
 
 1IISTOKV OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 R. M. Freshwater, '({J, was chosen president of Baldwin Uni- 
 versity at Berea, O., in 1890, and had a successful administra- 
 tion during which Unlet Hall dormitory for women was 
 erected. 
 
 William M. Todd, 'G8, was professor of mathematics in Cur- 
 ry Institute, Pittsburgh, at the time of his death in 1890. Rev. 
 C. W. Darrow, '09, was professor of Bible in Puget Sound 
 University from 1891-7. Dr. N. N. Holmes, '70, was president 
 of Pittsburgh Female College and of Beaver College, 1896-8. 
 
 Dean Frank O. Marvin, '71, was born in Alfred, N. Y., in 
 1892. After his graduation he saw active service as a civil 
 engineer. In 1875 he went to his western position first as an 
 assistant in mathematics and physics, but ''maker of men" was 
 the title later given to him by the students of the Engineering 
 School of the University of Kansas. It stands above his de- 
 grees and honors as the estimate 
 of his life work. He received the 
 formal title of professor of engi- 
 neering in 1883, but he was in 
 reality the department, teaching 
 all the subjects. He laid solid 
 foundations and his boys went 
 forth in an era of expansion to 
 positions of leadership. 
 
 With the better equipment of 
 the University, Professor Mar 
 vin became dean of the enlarged 
 school, serving from 1891 to 
 1913. Ill health brought his re- 
 tirement, an allowance being 
 granted by the Carnegie founda- Dean Marvin - ' 71 
 
 tion. Death came Feb. 0, 1915. A marble bust was unveiled 
 at Lawrence in June in honor of his forty years service i:i 
 Kansas. His exceptional influence in the University was due 
 to his personal interest in the students, his rare judgment of 
 The capacity of men and his power to instil high ideals of 
 scholarship and service. Dean Marvin was a musician and an 
 
 [ 505 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 artist of merit and an active Christian layman. He was the 
 national president of Sigma Xi Society in 1910-11. 
 
 Dean E. G. Hogate, LL.D., '72, was born in New Jersey in 
 1819. After graduation he studied law and was engaged in 
 the practice of his profession over thirty years in Indiana, 
 gaining prominence in political councils. He was State Sena- 
 tor, 1896-1900. He became professor of law in the University 
 of Indiana in 1903, and in 1905 was made dean of the School 
 of Law, a position he retains with honor. 
 
 Dr. Wilbur G. Williams, '75, after his resignation of the 
 presidency of Allegheny in 1SS9, became the pastor of Broad 
 Street M. E. Church in Columbus, O., and of Union Church, St. 
 Louis. Heath came to him April 16, 1897, just as he had re- 
 signed from the second appointment. 
 
 Professor John S. McKay, Ph. D., '76, after graduation, 
 taught science in the State Normal Schools of Indiana, and 
 Lock Haven. For the past twenty-five years he has been the 
 director of the department of physics and mathematics of the 
 Packer Institute, Brooklyn, N. Y. He has been a frequent lec- 
 turer before the Brooklyn Institute and Cooper Union on scien- 
 tific topics. 
 
 Professor Emory M. Wood, Ph. D., '79, taught in the public 
 and normal schools until 1887, when he became professor of 
 Mathematics and Astronomy in Baker University, Kansas, for 
 fourteen years. He was then invited to Albion College, where 
 his previous success as a teacher was brilliantly sustained. His 
 work was ended in the prime of life and usefulness, Nov. 6, 
 1 903. 
 
 Professor Wilbur W. Thoburn, Ph. D., '81, was called from 
 the faculty of the University of the Pacific to take a unique po- 
 sition in Leland Stanford University, shortly after its found- 
 ing. He was made professor of Bionomics. His teaching is 
 summarized in a small volume entitled "In Terms of Life.'' 
 He ministered to the student religions interests with peculiar 
 power. He died Jan. 9, 1899, after a brief illness. A tablet in 
 the university preserves the memory of his work. 
 
 President F. C. Soiithworth, D.D.. LL.D., '84, completed 
 his college course at Harvard. After teaching in Worcester 
 
 [ 506 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 and Quincy. Mass., he was ordained in the Unitarian ministry. 
 He served pastorates in Duluth and Chicago and became sec- 
 retary of the Western Unitarian Conference in 1899. He be- 
 came president of the Meadville Theological School in 1002 and 
 continues to direct its interests with marked success. Dr. 
 South-worth is also professor of Practical Theology. 
 
 Chancellor Crawford R. Thoburn. '85, was born in India 
 and brought by his father, Bishop J. M. Thoburn, to America to 
 be educated. After his graduation ill health allowed him but 
 two years in India. In 1892 he became chancellor of Puget 
 Sound University at Tacoma. Under his administration the 
 institution largely recovered from its reverses. In 1898 it was 
 endeavored to combine it with Portland University, but the 
 Chancellor resigned to become the pastor of Centenary Church, 
 Portland. His death came suddenly May 1, 1899. 
 
 Dean Thomas A. Edwards, '8G, after teaching in the public 
 schools became principal of the preparatory department of 
 Bucknell University in 189G. He was chosen professor of ped- 
 agogy later and made dean of the University in 1907. His 
 career was cut short by death, Dec. 29, 1911. 
 
 Dean Charles H. Haskins, Ph. D., LL. D., after his junior 
 year, completed his course at Johns Hopkins University and 
 took his doctorate in 1890. He was for ten years professor of 
 lOuropean history in the University of Wisconsin. In 1902, he 
 became professor of history in Harvard and in 1912 Gurney 
 professor of history and political science. He has been dean 
 of the Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences since 
 1908. Dr. Haskins is a member of several learned societies. 
 He has spent much time in historical research in Europe and 
 is an authority on Anglo-Norman institutions. He is a writer 
 on mediaeval topics and the author of the "Government of Nor- 
 mandy under Henry IT." "The Normans in Europe," and other 
 studies. 
 
 Dean Thomas C. Blaisdell, A.M., Ph.D., '88, after serving as 
 professor of English literature and pedagogy in the City Normal 
 School of Pittsburgh from 1897 to 1900, took the professorial 
 chair in literature in Michigan Agricultural College until 1912. 
 He then became president of Alma College for three years and in 
 
 r 507 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 191.") returned to Pennsylvania, entering 1 the responsible office 
 of dean of the State College. Dr. Blaisdell is the author of 
 several texts on English rhetoric and composition, the Teach- 
 er's Handbook and "the Renaissance of the Denominational 
 College." 
 
 Professor Gaylard H. Patterson, Ph.D., '88. received his 
 doctorate at Yale in 1800. He also completed theological 
 studies in Boston University and became a Methodist pastor 
 lor fifteen years. In 1007 he was made professor of economics 
 in Willamette University ; in 1010 he became dean and took the 
 chair of social sciences. Since 1014 he has been professor of 
 sociology in the University of Wisconsin. 
 
 Rev. William Charles Jason. A.M.. D.D.. '88, president of 
 Delaware State College for colored youth at Dover, Delaware, 
 is one of the two graduates of the negro race from Allegheny. 
 He was born in Maryland in 1859 of free parents and learned 
 1he barber's trade. Becoming a Christian, he went to Genesee 
 Wesley an Seminary and graduated with honors in 1884. While 
 in college he excelled in oratory and debate, representing his 
 literary society three times. He supported himself by his 
 labors and after graduation went to Drew Seminary, where he 
 continued his notable record. After a few years in the pastor- 
 ate, in 1805 he assumed the educational position he now holds. 
 
 Professor A. (1. Fradenburgh. Ph. D.. '00, took his doctorate 
 at the University of Wisconsin. He became instructor in Lake 
 Forest University, then went in 1800 to Adelphi College, 
 Brooklyn, where he is professor of history. 
 
 Dean Charles C. Freeman, A. M.. Ph. D., '01. after gradua- 
 tion taught in Dickinson Seminary and then took graduate 
 work at Johns Hopkins University. He became professor of 
 chemistry and mathematics in AYestminster College. New 
 Wilmington, Pa., in 1804, and in 1002 of chemistry alone. At 
 the same lime he assumed the duties of dean, an office which he 
 tills with marked ability. 
 
 Professor Herbert W. Rand. A. M.. Ph. P.. '93, after teach- 
 ing in Oil City, took his doctorate at Harvard. He was made 
 first instructor in zoology in Harvard, then assistant profess- 
 or. He has also been lecturer at Wellesley College. He is 
 
 \ 508 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 the author of various papers on regeneration of animals and 
 experimental morphology. 
 
 Benjamin A. Heydrick, A. M., '93, after graduate study at 
 Harvard University, became professor of English in the Mil- 
 lersville State Normal School. He is now head of the Eng- 
 lish Department of the High School of Commerce, New York 
 City. He is the author of "Short Studies in Composition/' 
 "One Y'ear's Course in English and American Literature," 
 "How to Study Literature'" and "Types of the Short Story". 
 
 Rev. Arthur L. Staples, I). I)., '01, after a theological course 
 at Drew and a brief pastorate, became the president of Beaver 
 College in 1898. He continued as its able executive until 1907, 
 when after a year's study abroad he resumed active work in 
 the Pittsburgh Conference. 
 
 Professor Frederick S. Breed, Ph. D., '08, after notable suc- 
 cess in high school work, became the principal of Alden Acad- 
 emy of Allegheny College in 1000. Later he pursued graduate 
 studies in psychology in Harvard and abroad, gaining his doc- 
 torate in 1012. He is now assistant professor of education in 
 Michigan. 
 
 Rev. Roderick Norton, '15, was the president of Upper Iowa 
 University, 1872-3. Julius Lee, '53, taught in Jefferson Col- 
 lege, Miss. 1*. S. Bancroft, '55, was professor of classics in 
 Madison College, 1856-8. Rev. Joseph Uncles, '58, was a mem- 
 ber of the faculty of Madison College. Jonathan Rowley, '50. 
 taught in the University of Dakota, 1805-8. James El don, '71, 
 Ph. P., is professor of mathematics in the State Normal School 
 at Shippensburg. W. O. Allen, Ph. I)., '70, is a professor in 
 Drury College, Springfield. Mo. Rev. J. A. Hovis, '78, served 
 as vice president of Red River Valley University. 
 
 Hyre D. Clark, ]). I)., LL. I)., '78, was president of Hedding 
 College, Illinois, in 1800-8. Rev. Wellington Bowser, '79, was 
 president of Albuquerque College, N. Mex. Miss Ida Josephine 
 Henderson, '81, is instructor in English in the Oshkosh Normal 
 School. AVis. Rev. S. E. Ryan, '82, is president of Arkansas 
 Conference College. Miss Clementine Calvin. '82, was pro 
 fessor of German and elocution in Monmouth College, Illinois, 
 
 [ 500 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 1892-1904. Charles T. Fox, '85, Ph. D., is professor of phil 
 osophy and German in Findlay College, Ohio. 
 
 Joseph H. Apple, D.D., "85, is president of Hood College. 
 Frederick, Md. W. M. Wilson, '87, is professor of meteorology 
 in Cornell University. H. J. Hotehkiss, '88, M. M. E., is pro 
 fessor of physics in Drexel Institute, Philadelphia. W. L. Sit- 
 ing, Ph. D., '90, was head master of the Ohio Military Institute 
 from 1899 to 1904, making it a model school in the middle 
 west. Edward Kurtz, '92, is assistant professor in mining in 
 Columbia University. Miss Clara Campbell, '95, Ph. D., after 
 graduate study abroad, is instructor in Simmons College. 
 
 Rev. W. J. Lowstuter, D. D., '98, after studying in Boston 
 University and Germany, became professor of theology in the 
 lliff School, Denver, Col. Dana B. Casteel, Ph. D., '99, receiv- 
 ing his doctorate at the University of Pennsylvania, has been 
 assistant professor of biology in the University of Texas since 
 1908. Edward G. Rohrbaugh, '00, is the efficient principal of 
 the Glenville Normal School, West Virginia. 
 
 Professor Roger H. Motten, '01, after teaching in the North- 
 side High School, Denver, Col., became professor of English in 
 Westminster College. Col., and now holds the English chair in 
 Colorado College. W. H. Franklin, '03, after graduate work- 
 in Harvard became registrar and instructor in rhetoric in 
 Marshall College, W. Va. Don Derickson, C. E., '01, is profes- 
 sor of engineering in Tulane University. 
 
 Miss Helen McClintock, '04, is Dean of Women of Geneva 
 College, Beaver Falls, Pa., and professor of German. George 
 H. Shafer, '04, after study in psychology in Clark University, is 
 head of the Department of Education in West Virginia Normal 
 School at Fairmount. Ira D. Hyskell, '05, after graduate work 
 at Yale, became professor of classics at Hedding College, and 
 in 1913, professor of Latin in Carleton College, Northfield. 
 Minn. 
 
 Frank E. Baker, '05, after holding a fellowship in Harvard 
 and being instructor in chemistry at the Brooklyn Polytechnic 
 Institute, became principal of the State Normal School at Ed- 
 inboro in 1911. Benjamin W. Van Riper, Ph. D., '05, received 
 his degree at Boston University. He was professor of philos- 
 
 [ 510 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 ophy at Nebraska Wesleyan from 11)00 to 1012. After a year 
 in Germany he took the chair of philosophy in Boston Univer- 
 sity and in 1015 became professor in Pennsylvania State Col- 
 lege. 
 
 John Raymond Crawford, '06, after graduate work in Har- 
 vard and foreign study in Munich, Grenoble and Rome, being 
 Fellow of the American Academy in Rome, became in 1012 in- 
 structor in classical philology at Columbia University. Don. 
 S. S. Goodloe, '0G, is principal of the Maryland Normal and In- 
 dustrial School, Bowie, Md. 
 
 Frank T. Stockton, Ph. D., '07, after holding successively 
 scholarship and fellowship, received his doctorate at Johns 
 Hopkins University. He became instructor in economics in the 
 University of Rochester in 1011 and went to the University of 
 Indiana as assistant professor in 1013. He is the author of 
 "The Closed Shop" and "The History of the International 
 Molders' Union". Earl W. Giesey, '08, is principal of the pre- 
 paratory school of Puget Sound College. Miss Hazel Bullock, 
 '09, after study in the Universities of Paris and Grenoble, be- 
 came professor of Romance Languages in Washburn College, 
 1912. 
 
 Elmer H. Wilds, '10, after graduate work in Harvard, 
 taught the classics in William and Vashti College and is now 
 professor of Greek and Latin in Dakota Wesleyan College. L. 
 M. Hickernell, Ph. D., '10, took his degree at Princeton Univer- 
 sity in 1011, and is instructor in zoology in Syracuse University. 
 H. R. Harper, 10, after study in Boston University and Ber- 
 lin, became instructor in the Boston School of Theology 7 . W. 
 G. Hayes, '13, is instructor in the Polish College, Cambridge 
 Springs, Pa. E. J. Hall, '13, P. H. Nichols, '14, C. L. Mul- 
 finger, '15, are instructors in Penna State College. 
 
 James L. Pentz, '03, is State School Inspector of Pennsyl- 
 vania. Clyde S. Knapp, '01, is superintendent of Warren Coun- 
 ty schools ; P. D. Blair, '01, of Crawford County schools ; C. F. 
 Stewart, '00, Trumbull County, Ohio. 
 
 The following are superintendents of city school systems: 
 H. S. Kennedy, '55, Lebanon, Tenn. ; N. P. Kingsley, '68, Frank- 
 lin, Pa. ; C. W. Deane, '84, Bridgeport, Conn. ; H. V. Hotchkiss, 
 
 [ 511 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 '84, Akron, O. ; T. S. Vickerman, '85, Sharpsville, Pa. ; C. P. 
 Lynch, Ph. D., '86, Lakewood, O. ; J. B. Kichey, Ph. D., '89, Mc- 
 Keesport, Pa.; R. T. Adams, '91, Warren, Pa.; John A. Gibson, 
 '91, Butler, Pa.; J. D. Boyston, '92, Arnold, Pa.; L. E. York, 
 '92, Massilon, O. ; Frederick N. Frits, '96, Clairton, Pa. ; Silas 
 C. Kimm, Ph. I)., '96, Dolgeville, N. Y. ; A. D. Horton, '98. 
 Wellsville, Pa.; Howard G. Burdge, '00, Wellsville, N. Y.; I. 
 N. Salisbury, '00, Ashtabula, O. ; Charles B. Persell, '00, Lake- 
 wood, N. Y. ; T. F. Tabor, '02, Lambertville, N. J. ; T. T. Allen, 
 '02, Yandergrift, Pa.; R. D. Leffingwell, '02, Cortland, O.; L. 
 A. Marsh, '03, Edgewood, Pa.; C. J. Scott, '05, Wilmington, 
 Del. ; C. R. Dye, '06, Franklinville, N. Y. ; W. S. Taft, Roches- 
 ter, Pa. ; F. L. Knapp, '09, Cambridge Springs, Pa. ; E. R. 
 Gehr, '09, Waterford, Pa., and W. J. McQuiston, '09, North 
 East, Pa. ; S. A. Drake, '78, is head of the Erie Business School. 
 The following are principals of High Schools : F. E. Fen- 
 no, '87, Hallstead, Pa. ; E. M. Mixer, '89, Columbus, Pa. ; H. M. 
 Barrett, '90, East Side, Denver, Col. ; C. M. Dickey, '93, Con- 
 neaut Lake; S. C. Humes, '93, Union City; H. W. Goodwin, 
 '96, Turtle Creek, Pa. ; E. E. Smith, '97, Calexico, Calif. ; J. F. 
 Bower, '98, McKeesport, Pa. ; S. A. Cooper, '99, Stoneboro, Pa. ; 
 M. J. Miller, '00, New Castle, Penn.; George A. Persell, '00, 
 Jamestown, N. Y. ; E. G. Royce, '02, Stoughton, Mass.; Her- 
 bert J. Stockton, '04, Johnstown, Pa.; C. A. YanSlyke, '05, Na- 
 tional Preparatory Academy, Highland Falls, N. Y. ; Goffrey 
 A. Lyon, '06, Clyde, O. ; E. P. Barmore, '06, Easton, N. Y. ; 
 Stanley Bright. '07, Smethport, Pa.; Larue F. Smith, '07, 
 Shawano, Wis.; Fred B. Cooler, '08, Fox Lake, Wis.; J. D. 
 Pratt, '08, Yandergrift, Pa.; Frederick Bright, '10. Ambridge. 
 Pa.; John W. Fox, '10, Girard, Pa.; G. W. Mead, '11, Bergen- 
 field, N. J.; J. F. Sayre, '11, Princeton, N. J.; C. E. Hilborn. 
 '11, Coraopolis, Pa.; O. H. Bodenhorn, '72, Lock naven. Pa.; 
 A. R. McClure, '12, Cle Elum, Wash.; Edith DeLand, '13, 
 Frcwsburg, N. Y. ; A. A. Rea, '13, Batavia, 111. 
 
 Among the teachers in High Schools are: C. F. Stokey, '72, Canton, 
 O.; A. E. Colegrove, '80, Gienville High, Cleveland, O. ; Miss Iris Barr, 
 '81, Titusville, Pa.; Miss Helen Hayes, '83, Girls' High, Brooklyn, N. Y.; 
 C. C. Kelso, '83, Los Angeles, Calif; H. W. McDowell, '86, Houghton, 
 N. Y.; Miss Elizabeth Frey, '88, Youngstown, O.; Ena L. Brundage, '89, 
 
 [ 512 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Scranton, Pa.; Frederick B. Lindsey, '89, High School Commerce, New 
 York; E. E. Proper, '89, Boys' High, Brooklyn, N. Y.; C. L. Walton, '89, 
 Lake View High, Chicago, 111.; Miss Elizabeth Wood, '89, Wadleigh High, 
 New York; J. B. Hawk, '90, Sharpsville, Pa.; Fred L. B. Hannum, '90, Chi- 
 cago, 111.; Miss Virginia Davis, '91, Collingwood, O. ; C. S. Jewell, '91, 
 Lake View High, Chicago, 111.; Miss Jessie Berst, '92, Erie, Pa.; T. E. 
 Lytle, '92, Chautauqua, N. Y.; Miss Sophia Pappenhagen, '92; W. E. 
 Stilson, '94, East District High, New York; Miss Jean Frey, '95, Youngs- 
 town, O.; Fred L. Homer, '95, Central High, Pittsburgh; Miss Myrna 
 Langley, '95, Denver, Col.; Samuel A. Wood, '95; South High Pitts- 
 burgh; Grant Norris, '90, Kenmoor, Pa.; E. D. Goodwin, '97, Stanton, 
 N. D.; Miss Bertha Ward, '97, Oil City, Pa.; A. M. Brooks, '97, Manual 
 Arts High, Los Angeles, Calif.; Miss Ellen Murray, '98, Hoboken Acad- 
 emy, Hoboken, N. J.; E. E. Cortright, '98, Bridgeport, Conn.; Miss 
 Anna Deens, '98, Pittsburgh; Miss Mary Breen, '99, Central High, Pitts- 
 burgh; Miss Daisy Clark, '99, Jamestown, N. Y.; Miss Edna Gleisner, 
 '99, Atlantic City, N. J.; F. L. Matteson, '00, Peabody High, Pittsburgh; 
 Miss Isabel Klingensmith, Brushton, Pa.; A. J. May, '01, Philadelphia; 
 Miss Bertha Miller, '01, Butler, Pa.; Miss Anna Woodring, '01, Johns- 
 town, Pa.; F. R. Kepler, '01, Cass Technical High, Detroit, Mich.; Miss 
 Dema Bard, '02, Pittsburgh; F. W. Blaisdell, '02, Technical High, Cleve- 
 land, O.; Miss Cecil Clark, '02, Union City, Pa.; Miss Myrtle Herbert, 
 '02, Braddock, Pa.; Miss Myrtle Mercill, '02, Chicago, 111.; T. G. Shallen- 
 berger, '02, Waterford, Pa.; R. N. Taylor, '02, Peabody High, Pitts- 
 burgh; Miss Ada Palm, '03, Peabody High, Pittsburgh; Miss Alice Thom- 
 as, '03, Long Beach, Calif.; Miss Ruth Townley, '03, Central High, Pitts- 
 burgh; O. R. Smiley, '03, Glen Ridge, N. J.; Miss Sarah Breen, '04, Pitts- 
 burgh; A. J. Snearline, '04, Akron, O.; Miss Winifred Terry, '04, North- 
 ampton, Mass.; Miss Ruth Thomas, '04, Corry, Pa.; Miss Clara Leet, '05, 
 Conneaut, O.; Miss Ethel Canfield, '06, Carnegie, Pa.; A. W. Comfort, 
 '06, Pittsburgh; Miss Effie Mtfliren, '06, Reynoldsville, Pa.; Miss Ade- 
 laide Ottaway, '06, Canonsburg, Pa.; N. H. Phillips, '06, Monessen, Pa.; 
 Miss Henrietta Carroll, '07, Meadville, Pa.; Miss Wynona Baker, '08, 
 Greenville, Pa.; Miss Mary Bond, '08, Meadville, Pa.; M. D. Shalk, '08, 
 Central Institute, Cleveland, O. 
 
 Ralph C. Siggins, '08, Warren, Pa.; Miss Carrie Sowash, '08, Irwin, 
 Pa.; D. S. Thomas, '08, Aspinwall, Pa.; P. S. Kingsbury, '08, Ogden, 
 Utah; Miss Laura Bethune, '09, Turtle Creek, Pa.; Miss Katherine llling- 
 worth, '09, Sheffield, Pa.; Miss Florence McKinney, '09, Corry, Pa.; 
 Miss Grace Thomas, 09, Union City, Pa.; Miss Ethel Berry, '10, Pough- 
 keepsie, N. Y.; Miss Edith Burchard, '10, Cambridge Springs, Pa.; M. A. 
 DeVitis, '10, Soldan High, St. Louis, Mo.; W. G. Fixel, '10, Pittsburgh; 
 Miss Emma Gillett, '10, Oil City, Pa.; Miss Lottie Hammett, '70, Verona, 
 Pa.; Miss Grace Howard, '10, Titusville, Pa.; Miss Julia Jones, '10, Kane, 
 Pa.; Miss Rose Kauffman, '10, William Perm High, Philadelphia; Miss 
 
 [ 513 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Grace Miller, '10, North Side, Pittsburgh; Miss Maude Pratt, '10, Rey- 
 noldsville, Pa.; W. A. Swick, '10, North Cambridge, Mass. 
 
 James A. Bortz, Knoxville High, Carrick, Pa.; Miss Bessie Emery, 
 '11, Akron, O.; Miss Ruth Kelly, '11. Ashtabula, O.; Miss Verna Lauf- 
 fer, '11, New Kensington, Pa.; Miss Jean Mackenzie, '11, Oil City, Pa.; 
 John H. Moore, '11, Bethel, Me.; M. E. Morse, '11, Erie, Pa.; Miss Viola 
 Simpson, '11, Scottdale, Pa.; Miss Verna Smith, '11, Avalon, Pa.; Miss 
 Oma Stoner, '11, Perryopolis, Pa.; Miss Sarah Van Hoesen, '11, Mead- 
 ville, Pa.; C. M. White, '11, McKeesport, Pa.; W. E. Abbott, '12, Latrobe, 
 Pa.; G. J. Allgier, '12, Reno, Nev. ; Miss Anderson, '12, Titusville, Pa.; 
 F. H. Callahan, '12, Johnstown, Pa.; L. M. Davis, '12, Panama, N. Y.; Miss 
 I ouise Jordan, '12, Kalida, O.; Miss Cecilia McClure, '12, Titusville, 
 Pa.; Miss Margaret Megirt, '12, Punxsutawney, Pa.; Miss Grace Prenatt, 
 '12, Meadville, Pa.; Miss Adelaide Remler, '12, Cochranton, Pa.; Miss 
 Ethel Salmon, '12, South Manchester, Conn.; Miss Marguerite Shehnad- 
 ine, '12, Pleasantville, Pa.; Miss Florence Shires, '12, Harbor Creek, Pa.; 
 J. A. M. Stewart, '12, Beaver, Pa.; Miss Katherine Wheeling, '12, Pough- 
 keepsie, N. Y. ; Miss Ethel Bayard, '13, McKeesport, Pa.; Miss Annie 
 Bishop, '13, Endeavor, Pa.; J. C. Blucher, '13, New Castle, Pa.; 
 Miss Emma Dickey, '13, Greenville, Pa.; Miss Vera Foster, '13, Butler, 
 Pa.; Miss Florence Griswold, '13, Warren, Pa.; Miss Elizabeth Lord, '13, 
 Wilmington, Mass.; Evans McKay, '13, Meadville, Pa.; Miss Eva McKin- 
 ney, '13, Belle Vernon, Pa.; C. S. Miller, '13, Edgewood, Pa.; S. T. Per- 
 ley, '13, Avalon, Pa.; Miss Laura Strickland, '13, West Valley, N. Y.; 
 Miss Jessie Tomb, '13, Johnstown, Pa.; Miss Edna Yost, '13, Johns- 
 town, Pa.; Miss Ruth Browning. '14, Donora, Pa.; Miss Marion Carroll, 
 '14, Cambridge Springs, Pa. 
 
 Miss Clara Davis, '14, Marienville, Pa.; C. M. Dotterer, '14, East 
 High, Cleveland, O.; F. W. Fabian, '14, Clearfield, Pa.; Miss Linda Holt, 
 '14, Towanda, Pa.; Miss Althea Hunt, '14, Meadville, Pa.; Miss Hazel 
 Kellogg, Titusville, Pa.; P. U. Kline, '14, Huntingdon, W. Va.; W. S. 
 Lane, Alverton, Pa.; J. R. MacGowan, '16, Horace Mann High, New 
 York; F. J. Mechlen, '14, Franklin, Pa.; R. D. Mosier, '14, Salamanca, 
 N. Y.; H. F. Ramsey, '14, Warren, O.; Miss Gertrude Reed, '14, Sandy 
 Lake, Pa.; Paul Robinson, '14, Bolivar, Pa.; Miss Margaret Seitz, '14, 
 Altoona, Pa.; Clair Sweetland, '16, Union City, Pa.; J. T. Taylor, '14, 
 Clearfield, Pa.; Miss Ada Thompson, '14, Belle Vernon, Pa.; Miss Thehna 
 Weissenborn, '14, Warren, Pa.; Miss Bernice Wilkins, '14, Erie, Pa.; C. 
 V. Allshouse, '15, Duquesne, Pa.; C. F. Brockway, '15, Mt. Vernon, O.; 
 H. F. Brooks, '15, Huntingdon, W. Va.; M. A. Dotterer, '15, Kellettville, 
 Pa.; D. M. Dunbar, '15, Wellsville, ().; Miss Janet Ellis, '15, Sheffield, 
 Pa.; Miss Ruth Lavely, MS, Avonmore, Pa.; Howard Boyd, '15, Sharon, 
 Pa.; Miss Alice Chapin, '15, Brockton, N. Y.; Miss McLean, '15, Scott- 
 ville, N. Y.; G. B. Leiphart, '15, Butler, Pa.; C. M. McConnell, '15, Indi- 
 
 [ 514 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 ana Normal; Mrs. C. L. Swift, 'IS, Franklin, Pa.; U. McKinney, '15, 
 Saegertown. 
 
 IN MEDICINE 
 
 The number of former students who have entered the field 
 of medicine is not so large as in the three preceding profes- 
 sions, but the representatives of the college have generally 
 acquitted themselves with credit and have been men of worth 
 in their communities. 
 
 Dr. W. H. McKelvy, 'Go, was a graduate of the College of 
 Physicians and Surgeons, New York. He was long prominent 
 in the medical and educational affairs of Pittsburgh. He was 
 thirty years a member of the Board of Education and a trus- 
 tee of the Carnegie Library. He served also in the Select 
 Council of the city. He died in 1900 at Wilkinsburg. 
 
 Franklin B. Stephenson, M. D., 'TO, received his medical 
 education at the University of Pennsylvania and entered the 
 United States Navy as assistant surgeon in 1803. He ad- 
 vanced to the office of medical inspector with the rank of com- 
 mander, being retired in 1003. Dr. Stephenson has been in 
 various important cruises and is a member of several interna- 
 tional societies. He is a translator of a dozen or more foreign 
 tongues and a contributor to professional publications. He 
 now lives in Pittsfield, Mass. 
 
 Dr. B. L. Millikin, '74, ophthalmologist, took his medical 
 training in the U'niversity of Pennsylvania and had several 
 years' work in the Philadelphia hospitals. He specialized in 
 diseases of the eye and became in 1804 professor of opthalmol- 
 ogy in the Medical School of Western Reserve University, 
 Cleveland, O. From 1000 to 1012 he was dean of the faculty. 
 He has been a leading factor in the advancement of medical 
 education in his city and in the development of Lakeside Hos- 
 pital. 
 
 Dr. Millikin next devoted himself to his extensive private 
 practice, being the most noted eye specialist in Cleveland. He 
 also rendered valuable service to his community in the founding 
 of the Cleveland Medical Library, a collection of forty thousand 
 volumes open to several hundred physicians. He had traveled 
 
 [ 515 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 ;ui(l studied extensively in Europe and was a contributor to 
 medical journals. His death came suddenly Jan. 6, 1916. 
 
 Dr. E. W. Day, '84, had his medical degree from George- 
 town University and later did post-graduate work in eye, ear 
 and throat. He has been actively engaged in the practice of his 
 profession in Pittsburgh more than a quarter of a century and 
 is classed as the leading specialist of the city in his field. 
 
 O. W. Braymer, M. D., Ph. D.. '86, had his medical educa- 
 tion at Jefferson College, Philadelphia. He became a practi- 
 tioner in Camden, N. Y., and speedily attained success in his 
 profession. He was an instructor in the New Jersey Training 
 School for Nurses. He was also prominent in military affairs. 
 His death resulted Jan. 9, 1898, from an infection. 
 
 Dr. Edward B. Heckel, '87, opthalmologist, studied for his 
 profession in the Bellevue Medical College, New York, and did 
 post-graduate work in New York Polyclinic. He opened prac- 
 tice in Pittsburgh and was specialist for the Allegheny Gener- 
 al Hospital. He has also held various other positions of pro- 
 fessional responsibility. In 1913-5 he was the president of the 
 Medical Society of the State of Pennsylvania, having an ad- 
 ministration that was widely praised. Dr. Heckel is rated as 
 a leader in his medical field. He is an authority upon subjects 
 in ophthalmology. He is the donor of the Heckel Prizes in 
 Science in Allegheny College each year. 
 
 Dr. U. Grant Williams, '91, was graduated in the College 
 of Medicine, University of Syracuse. He began practice in 
 Newport, N. Y., where he has been actively engaged more than 
 twenty years. He was president of the Herkimer County Med- 
 ical Society and has been influential in the political and busi- 
 ness affairs of his section. 
 
 William C. Pickett, A. M., M. I)., '92, neurologist, received 
 his medical training in Jefferson College. He was then con- 
 nected as specialist with the Philadelphia Hospital. At the 
 same time with his extensive practice he served as professor of 
 nervous and mental diseases in the Medico-Chirurgical College 
 of Philadelphia. He was a frequent contributor to medical 
 journals on his specialty and had become a recognized authori- 
 ty in his subject. He was made the president of Neurological 
 
 [ 51G 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Society of New York and Philadelphia. His career of large 
 promise was cut short hy death, Feb. 5, 1907. 
 
 Dr. Bert S. Heintzelman, '08, after his course at Allegheny, 
 graduated from the Medical Department of the University of 
 Pittsburgh. For a few years he practiced in Pennsylvania, 
 then removed to Bayonne, X. J., where for more than a dozen 
 years he has met success in his profession. 
 
 Henry M. Farr, A. M., M. D., of Mt. Pleasant, Iowa, was the oldest 
 living graduate of Allegheny, a member of the class of 1852, at the time 
 of the Centennial celebration. Other former students now practicing 
 physicians, are as follows: Isaac R. Hogue, '58, Elkhart, Ind.; S. B. 
 Knox, '60, Santa Barbara, Calif.; I. N. Taylor, '61, Edinboro, Pa.; Charles 
 F. Hoyt, '63, Sharon, Pa.; S. S. Porter, Searsport, Me.; Jas. E. Stubbs, '65, 
 108 N. State St., Chicago, 111.; D. Clark Huffman, '67, McKeesport, Pa.; 
 Henry Neville, Jamestown, N. Y.; George W. Dille, 'e>8, Cooperstown, 
 Pa.; B. B. Smith, '68, 101 E. Montgomery Ave., Pittsburgh; A. T. Liv- 
 ingstone, '70, Jamestown, N. Y.; O. S. Martin, '70, Salamanca, N. Y. ; 
 James E. Silliman, '71, Erie, Pa.; J. H. Lowman, '71, 1807 Prospect St., 
 Cleveland, O.; H. E. Smith, '71, Saegertown, Pa. 
 
 Alfred D. Bedford, '73, San Bernardino, Calif.; Joseph S. Stewart, '73, 
 Homestead, Pa.; J. J. Siggins, '73, 1728 Spring Garden St., Philadelphia; 
 M. H. Grimmett, '74, Las Carras, Tenn.; J. W. Greenfield, '74, Spring- 
 boro, Pa.; G. L. Clark, '7 5, Centerville, Pa.; James A. Dunn, '7 5, Brad- 
 ford, Pa.; W. L. DeWolfe, '7 7, Butler, Pa.; Jacob P. Strayer, '78, Oil 
 City, Pa.; F. G. Greenfield, '78, Edinboro, Pa.; G. M. Carnachan, '79, 
 Bruce, Wis.; A. A. Davis, '79, Alhambra, Calif.; Frederick Shellito, '80, 
 Kalamazoo, Mich. 
 
 William M. Bemus, '80, Jamestown, N. Y.; Charles W. Fish, '81, 408 
 Laughlin Bldg., Los Angeles, Calif.; M. C. Cameron, '81, 510 Highland 
 Bldg., Pittsburgh; R. K. Flemming, '81, 3 1 5 S. Highland Ave., Pittsburgh; 
 F. L. Hall, '81, 262 W. 18th St., Erie; Dana C. Lewis, '81, Pemberton, 
 N. J.; Amos G. Shellito, Independence, Iowa; James W. Chase, '82, Cor- 
 ry, Pa.; A. W. Kahle, 585 Elmwood Ave., Buffalo, N. Y.; J. B. Lincoln, 
 '82, Lancaster, Pa.; W. E. Moore, '82, Derby, Iowa; Edgar A. Sears, '82, 
 Decatur, Neb.; James M. McCready, '83, Sewickley, Pa.; Edgar H. Pond, 
 '83, National Bank Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa.; W. P. Jamison, '83, Jenken- 
 town, Pa.: F. C. Monks, '83, Kittanning, Pa.; L. A. Powell, '83, Garnett, 
 Kan.; W. J. Proper, '83, Pleasantville, Pa. 
 
 James B. Siggins, '83, Oil City, Pa.; W. B. Stewart, '83, Muncie, 
 Ind.; C. W. Thompson, '83, Meadville, Pa.; Lewis E. Tieste, '83, 55 S. 
 Portland Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.; Edward S. Blair, '84, Wayne, Neb.; L. 
 L. Doane, '84, Butler, Pa.; W. A. Nason, '84, Roaring Spring, Pa.; S. 
 W. Sellew, '84, Oil City, Pa.; George P. Ferree, '85, Grant Park, 111.; 
 A. J. Mitchell, '85, Sharon, Pa.; Charles W. Benedict, '85, Fresno, Calif.; 
 
 [ 517 ]
 
 HISTOIJY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 W. B. Jameson, '85, Jenkintown, Pa.; O. H. Johnson, '85, Manchester, 
 N. H.; J. M. Scoville, '85, Warren, O.; E. W. Sheets, '85, Beaver Falls, 
 Pa.; C. M. Throckmorton, '85, 1721 Cora Place, St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 Ira J. Dunn, '85, oculist, Erie, Pa.; John Remer, '86, 77 W. 126th 
 St., New York; W. W. Hotchkiss, '86, oculist, Jamestown, N. Y.; Nellis 
 C. Satterlee, '86, Andover, O.; James B. Stewart, '86, Bradford, Pa.; 
 James H. Thompson, '86, Jenkins Bldg., Pittsburgh; Thomas B. Allison, 
 '87, Tarentum, Pa.; Ella D. Goff, '87, 10 W. Moody St., Pittsburgh; 
 Edwin H. Moore, '8 7, Indiana, Pa.; Henson F. Tomb, '8 7, Johnstown, 
 Pa., William J. Bell, '88, surgeon, 721 Francis St., St. Joseph, Mo.; James 
 M. Ward, '88, Oil City, Pa.; Ralph W. Laubie, '88, 208 Permanent Bldg., 
 Cleveland, O.; Orville J. Mason, '88, Macedon, N. Y. 
 
 C. C. Laffer, '89, Meadville, Pa.; Frank B. Miner, '89, Seneca Falls, 
 N. Y.; Mrs. F. J. Trumper, '89, Cleveland, O.; S. M. Linn, '89, Ashtabu- 
 la, O.; Ernest Shellito, '89, Marcellus, Mich.; C. F. Welty, '89, Sherer 
 Bldg., San Francisco, Calif.; James B. Wood, '89, 6002 San Pablo Ave., 
 Oakland, Calif.; Martin J. Sweeney, '90, Redlands, Calif.; Wm. K. An- 
 drews, '90, Mill Village, Pa.; George M. B. Bradshaw, '90, Sugar Grove, 
 Pa.; F. E. Tibbetts, '90, Geneva, O.; Charles L. Howe, Mercer, Pa.; A. 
 McL. Brown, '91, Franklin. Pa.; George L. Bumgarner, '91, Natrona, Pa.; 
 Mrs. Sarah Gaston Frack, '91, Niles, O.; E. T. Lashells, '91, Meadville, 
 Pa.; E. R. McCreary, '91, Watertown, N. Y. 
 
 Fred C. Newcomb, '91, 425, Second Nat. Bank, Akron, O. ; Fred T. 
 Mills, '91, Salem, O.; R. E. Pond, '91, Meadville, Pa.; Ben Hicks Met- 
 calf, '92, Winthrop, Mass.; George S. Ray, '92, Erie, Pa.; Frank H. Sils- 
 ley, '92, Warrensville, O.; Arthur F. Davis, '92, St. Mary's; W. M. Mc- 
 Williams, '92, 316 Atwood St., Pittsburgh, Pa.; J. W. Veach, '92, Youngs- 
 town, O.; Alden O. Davis, '93, Charleroi, Pa.; R. B. Gamble, '93, Mead- 
 ville, Pa.; H. H. Bradley, '93, Wyoming, N. Y.; Philip L. Hatch, '93, Cou- 
 dersport; W. H. Quay, '93. Townville, Pa.; B. L. Wilson, '93, 125 W. 8th 
 St., Erie, Pa.; E. W. Janes, '94, 319 North J. St., Tacoma, Wash. 
 
 Winne Kate Mount, '94, Oil City, Pa.; F. H. Blackmarr, '94, Marshall 
 Field Annex Bldg., Chicago. 111.; W. C. K. Berlin, '94, 202 Symes Bldg.. 
 Denver, Col.; Clarence B. Farrar, '95, Trenton, N. J.; B. D. Haseltine, 
 '95, 1229 Michigan Ave., Chicago, 111.; Frank B. Livermore, '95, Barber- 
 ton, O.; Clyde L. Williams, '95, Harmonsburg, Pa.; Arthur D. Dunn, '96, 
 804 Brandee's Theatre, Omaha, Neb.; Isaac L. Ohlman, '96, Jenkins Ar- 
 cade Bldg., Pittsburgh; Louis A. Larson, '96, Kane, Pa.; George M. Lew- 
 is, '96, Kenmore, N. Y.; Ralph W. Plummer, '96, Surgeon U. S. Navy, 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 M. Blanche Best, '9 7, Meadville, Pa.; C. B. MillhorT, '9 7, Johnstown, 
 Pa.; J. P. Spackman, '97, Peale, Pa.; Ralph W. Holmes, '98, Chillicothe. 
 O.; C. H. Lefevre, '98, 507 W. 11th St., Erie, Pa.; Paul Eaton, '99, 
 Koaring Springs, Pa.; Homer B. Haile, '99, Madras, Ore.; Fred A. Hartung, 
 '99, Keenan Bldg., Pittsburgh; David L. Martin, '99, Dorchester, Bos- 
 
 [ 518 ]
 
 HISTOIJY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 ton, Mass.; John W. Shaffer, '99, Youngstovvn, O.; Harry S. Stone, '99, 
 Franklin, Pa.; W. A. Womer, '00, 1112 S. Mill St., New Castle, Pa.; Har- 
 ry H. Lamb, '00, Rouseville, Pa.; J. C. McFate, '00, Meadville, Pa.; B. A. 
 Black, '01, Polk, Pa.; H. M. Lacock, '01, West Finley, Pa.; John M. 
 Steele, '01, Huntingdon, Pa. 
 
 Mrs. Gertrude Hastings Transeau, '02, Charleston, 111.; Darius C. 
 Moore, '02, Monaca, Pa.; Harry G. Harris, '03, Jamestown, N. Y.; Caleb 
 McCune, '03, McKeesport, Pa.; Lewis A. Whitaker, '03, Hollidaysburg, 
 W. Va.; C. H. Benson, '03, 1396 Long St., Columbus, O.; George Fahr, 
 '03, Giessen, Germany; Zella White Stewart, '93, Iowa City, la.; Elvin 
 Lothian, '04, Bylesville, 0.; J. V. Ballantyne, '05, 820 Wood St., Wil- 
 kinsburg, Pa.; L. O. Davenport, '05, 1754 Sherman St., Denver, Col.; 
 S. M. Beyer, '05, Punxsutawney, Pa.; F. E. Cutter, '05, 936 Rose Bldg., 
 Cleveland, O.; H. L. Plannette, '05, 8221 Superior Ave., Cleveland, O.; 
 E. L. Sutton, '05, Straw and Lincoln, Bellevue, Pa.; D. Hoster Swengel, 
 '05, Raeford, N. C. 
 
 Max J. Lick, '98, 714 Sassafras St., Erie, Pa.; C. O. Peters, '08, Albi- 
 on, Pa.; R. G. Mossman, '08, 23 2 N. Phelps St., Youngstown, 0.; R. W. 
 Mollison, '08, 285 W. Euclid Ave., Detroit, Mich.; George H. Clulow, 
 '09, Tulsa, Okla.; Percy P. Parsons, '09, 1017 W. 10th St., Erie, Pa.; 
 M. C. Newkirk, '09 Ellicottville, N. Y.; J. L. Steffy, '09, HI Brookline 
 Blvd., Pittsburgh; Webb W. Weeks, '09, 46 E. 5th St., New York City. 
 
 The following are doctors of dental surgery: John A. Bolard, '78, 
 833 N. 63rd St., Philadelphia; Chas. W. Beacom, '78, Fortuna, Calif.; 
 H. E. Dunn, '81, Warren, 0.; L. A. Gibson, '81, Br u in, Pa.; A. C. Green- 
 lee, '83, Austin, Ore.; H. C. Carroll, '84, Meadville; W. E. Sackett, '84, 
 Saegertown, Pa.; Elic S. Carroll, '86, 560 Delaware Ave., Buffalo, N. Y.; 
 Ralph B. Reitz, '89, 576 Fifth Ave., New York; C. L. Sherwood, '91, 
 Titusville, Pa.; W. G. Long, '92, Sharon, Pa.; Ellis J. Chesbro, '93, Cleve- 
 land, O.; J. A. Dixon, '98, 9l7 Jefferson St., Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 IX LITERATURE 
 
 Wayne Whipple, '77, is widely known as a patriotic writ- 
 er and peace advocate. He was founder of the Campus and 
 planned in college to become a journalist. He was first city 
 editor of the Kansas City Mail, (now the Star) ; then book 
 editor for the D. Lathrop Co. of Boston several years. He 
 was an advertising manager from 1S90 to 1905, removing then 
 to Philadelphia and connected with N. W. Aver and Son. His 
 literary activity in recent years has been intensified. He 
 writes for the standard magazines and many of his patriotic 
 subjects have been syndicated. 
 
 [ 519 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 The unique creation of Mr. Whipple has been the Story- 
 Lives, a new* sort of biography. He lias not played the part of 
 a mere compiler in this work. He has issued '-The Story-Life 
 of Lincoln", "The Story-Life of Washington", "The Story-Life 
 of Napoleon" and "The Story-Life of the Son of Man". Among 
 the titles of his patriotic books are -'The Story of Liberty Bell", 
 "The Story of the American Flag", "The Story of Young 
 Franklin" and "The Heart of Abraham Lincoln". He has also 
 devised a new* arrangement for the stars in the national flag, 
 which has received large popular favor. His home is in Ger- 
 mantown, Pa. 
 
 Ida M. Tarbell, L.H.D., LL.D., '80, began her distinguished 
 literary career in Meadville, being an associate editor of the 
 Chautauquan from 1883 to 1891. Next she studied the French 
 historical methods in Paris at the College de France and the 
 Sorbonne, gathering materials for her first biographies, "The 
 Life of Napoleon" and "Madame Poland," w*orks that are read- 
 able and authorative, as w*ell as popular. 
 
 Miss Tarbell joined in 1891 
 the editorial staff of Mc- 
 Clure's Magazine, in whose 
 pages appeared "The Early 
 Life of Abraham Lincoln", 
 later expanded into a two vol- 
 ume study of the martyr-pres- 
 ident. The graphic delinea- 
 tion is based upon long and 
 thorough research of a wide 
 
 Dr. Ida M. Tarbell. '80 
 
 variety of original sources. 
 Its attention to detail, its in- 
 sistence upon accuracy, its 
 sympathy and breadth of in- 
 terpretation are characteris- 
 f/ tic of the workmanship of the 
 author. A native of North- 
 western Pennsylvania and in- 
 terested in its natural re- 
 sources, Miss Tarbell next 
 
 [ 520 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 wrote the History of the Standard Oil Company. Again she 
 was equally fearless and incisive in the analysis of a powerful 
 corporation. 
 
 In 1900' she became one of the owners and editors of the 
 American Magazine, contributing many articles on current 
 subjects and short stories. She 1ms turned her pen more to 
 economic and social topics in later years. "The Tariff in Our 
 Times", ''The Business of Being a Woman", "The Golden Rule 
 in Business", and "The Ways of Women" are some of her out- 
 put. Miss Tarbell exemplifies in her poise of character and 
 in her interpretations of American life and history the best and 
 highest qualities of the woman of higher education. 
 
 Charles M. Snyder, '82, who was born in Bellefonte, Pa., 
 April 17, 1859, and died in Philadelphia, Jan. 9, 1913, was a 
 writer of humor. He was with the Pittsburgh papers, The 
 DisrATCii and The Commercial Gazette in 1883-5 and sup- 
 plied "Wayside Philosophy". He was then on the staff of Tex- 
 as Siftings. He became the humorous editor of Lippincott's 
 Magazine, furnishing the "With the Wits". 
 
 Mr. Snyder conducted an advertising agency with success 
 and owned various business enterprises. He continued to cul- 
 tivate his peculiar literary vein, publishing "Comic History of 
 Greece", "Comic History of Spain", 1898, "Runaway Robin- 
 son", "Snap Shots", and "The Flaw in the Sapphire", 1909. 
 His books while witty have a clever commingling of instruc- 
 tion and entertainment. They are illustrated by well known 
 artists and cartoonists. The originality of the author and his 
 genuine fun have made his work popular with the public. 
 
 Bessie L. Putnam, '88, has given herself extensively to lit- 
 erary work. She writes short stories for a popular constitu- 
 ency, but her contributions are mainly on topics of instruction 
 and interpretation. They are accepted in many of the leading 
 periodicals. 
 
 Frederic C. Howe, Ph.D., LL.I)., '89, publicist, municipal 
 reformer, Commissioner of Immigration at New Y r ork, can not 
 be assigned to one exclusive field of achievement. He is a man 
 of action and of deeds, as well as a writer of books and the 
 propagandist of an economic creed. After leaving Allegheny 
 
 [ 521 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 he took his doctorate in philosophy at the Johns Hopkins Uni- 
 versity. He there prepared the work accepted nationally as 
 the authority on the subject, ''Taxation and Taxes in the United 
 States under the Internal Revenue System". 
 
 Dr. Howe next 
 studied law and en- 
 tered its practice in 
 Cleveland where he 
 remained for fifteen 
 years. Here he was 
 closely associated 
 with Tom Johnson, 
 the single-tax advo- 
 cate. He became a 
 member of the city 
 council and served in 
 the Ohio Senate. 
 1906-9. He was pro 
 fessor of law in the 
 Cleveland College of 
 Law, lecturer on tax- 
 ation in Western Re- 
 serve University and 
 for three years on 
 the staff of the Uni- 
 versity of Wisconsin, 
 lecturing on muni 
 cipal administration. 
 
 The United States sent him abroad in 190.") to investigate 
 municipal ownership in Great Britain. The titles of his books 
 indicate the trend of his thought and doctrines. They are, "The 
 City of Hope of Democracy". 1905; -The British City, the Be- 
 ginnings of Democracy", 1907; "The Confessions of a Monopo- 
 list", 1907; "Privilege and Democracy in America", 1910; "Wis- 
 consin, an Experiment in Democracy". 1912; "European Cities 
 .it Work", 1913; "The Modern City and Its Problems", 1915; 
 "Socialized Germany". 
 
 He became in 1912. Director of the People's Institute, the 
 
 r K90 i 
 
 Dr. F. C. Howe. '89
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 remarkable organization for the expression of public opinion, 
 whose headquarters is the Cooper Union in New York. In 
 3014 Dr. Howe was made Commissioner of Immigration at the 
 port of New York. He brings unusual experience and line 
 judgment to bis important task. He is a conscientious ser- 
 vant of the State and of Society. 
 
 Frank Chapin Bray, '90, journalist, in his college days was 
 an editor of the Campus. He entered at once into newspaper 
 work, serving on the Hartford Couraxt, the Middletown Her- 
 ald (Conn.), and the Erie Dispatch. He was with the Liter- 
 ary Digest, 1894-9, editing ''The Topics of the Day". He 
 went upon the staff of the Chautauquan in 1899, became its 
 editor-in-chief in 1902, and manager of the Chautauqua Press in 
 190G. Since 1913 he has been one of the editors of the Inde- 
 pendent. His work in the editorial chair has shown him to be 
 a man of letters in the comprehensive sense of the term. 
 
 Alice Crittenden Derby, '92, is an independent contributor 
 to periodical literature. She was on the staff of the Chautau- 
 quan for a time. Short stories and poems of Mrs. Derby have 
 appeared in the leading magazines. She has been editor of the 
 children's page of a large Chicago daily newspaper. Charm of 
 style and sympathy in interpretation are bases of her excellent 
 work. 
 
 Frederick Palmer, '93, author, war correspondent, after his 
 two years in college, having been an editor of the Campus, be- 
 gan in Meadville, associated with B. C. Heydrick, '93, a paper 
 called ''Brains". He removed to Boston for one year with his 
 venture, then went to England, where he was employed on the 
 London Times. His opening as a war correspondent came in 
 
 1897, when a New York paper sent him to Greece. Here his 
 enterprise won him a reputation above his rival journalists. 
 
 For the past fifteen years Mr. Palmer's profession has 
 taken him to nil portions of the globe. In daily press and 
 magazines have appeared his accounts of the Klondike of 
 
 1898, the Philippines, the voyages of the American fleet around 
 the world, the march of the Allies upon Peking in 1900, Cen- 
 tral American and Macedonian insurrections, Busso-Japa- 
 nese war, Turkish revolution, Balkan war and Mexican civil
 
 HISTOBY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Frederick Palmer, '93 
 
 strife. His experiences were 
 put into book form as follows : 
 "Going to War in Greece", 
 "In the Klondike", "The Ways 
 of the Service", "With Kuroki 
 in Manchuria", and "Central 
 America and Its Problems". 
 
 Excellent fiction has also 
 come from the pen of Mr. 
 Palmer, as ''The Vagabond", 
 1003, ''Lucy of the Stars", 
 "Over the Pass" and "The 
 Last Shot"., 1015. This last 
 book was a startling por- 
 trayal of a fictitious world 
 war, based upon the writer's 
 knowledge of fighting gained 
 in Manchuria. When England 
 applied its censorship upon 
 newspaper writers in 1011. 
 upon the nomination of the U. S. Government, Frederick 
 Palmer was appointed the sole American correspondent to 
 go with the British forces. He is an accurate observer, an 
 impartial writer, and a keen interpreter of movements and 
 policies, preserving an absolute fidelity to the best ideals of 
 his profession. Merit of uncommon degree has placed him 
 at the head of the world's war correspondents of today. 
 
 William C. Doming. '00, studied law after his graduation 
 and was admitted to its practice in Kentucky in 1803. He be- 
 came editor of the Daily Tribune of Warren, O., in 1804. 
 After seven years he removed to Cheyenne and became the 
 editor of the Wyoming Daily Tribune. Mr. Doming 
 served in the Wyoming legislature, 1003-5. He has been a 
 member of important commissions of his state and held posi- 
 tions of trust as a Federal official. He is a contributor to 
 various periodicals, also editor of the Stockman-Farmer, 
 Cheyenne. 
 
 P. S. Bancroft, '55, has been for twenty years editor of the 
 
 [ 524 ]
 
 HISTORY OP ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Butler Kkcord. Col. J. W. Reisinger, '50, was editor of the 
 Meadville Republican from 1S70 to 1894. Gen. F. A. Jones, 
 '7,1, and S. G. Brock, '59, were editors of the Macon (Mo.) 
 Republican. Jno. B. Hays, '58, was on the editorial staff of 
 the New York Tribune for many years, after being the founder 
 of the Crawford Journal of Meadville. S. H. Birdsall, 'GO, is 
 the author of "Birdsall's Helps" in music. Rev. E. B. Cum- 
 mings, '02, was editor of the Ruralist, the Farmers' Alliance 
 organ of South Dakota. Dana L. Hubbard, '02, was once edi- 
 ror of the Indianapolis Journal. Francis A. Archibald, '68, 
 was the author of "Methodism and Literature". Stephen 
 Quinon, '71, was the editor of the Pittsburgh Evening News. 
 I. Walter Basye, '71, is the author of a history of Pike Count}', 
 Mo. F. W. Ritezel, '75, is the editor of the Warren, O., 
 Chronicle. 
 
 Dr. A. C. Ellis, '78, a practical printer before he entered 
 Allegheny, and a founder of the Campus, has been assistant 
 editor of the influential Pittsurgh Christian Advocate since 
 1911. Henry H. Marcy, '79, is on the staff of the Chronicle- 
 Telegraph of Pittsburgh. A. L. Colegrove, '81, is editor of 
 the Corry Telegraph. J. L. Cowen, '82, is publishing agent 
 of the Methodist Book Concern in Japan. Frank Coltman, 
 '84, is on the editorial corps of the Rochester Herald. W. G. 
 Long is an editor in Tulsa, Okla. F. E. Fenno is the author 
 of "The Flora of the Susquehanna Valley of Tioga County, N. 
 Y", and associate editor of "Flora of the Upper Susquehanna 
 Valley". F. J. Warner, '80, is advertising manager of the 
 Cleveland Plain Dealer. C. I). Higby, '89, of Erie, Pa., is 
 author of "The Government of Pennsylvania and the Nation." 
 D. Lowrie McXees, '92, is editor of the Beaver Star. Clyde M. 
 Allen, '91, is on the Times-Star of Cincinnati. H. M. Chal- 
 fant, '92, is the editor of the American Issue. Robt. M. Kurtz, 
 '93, is the editor of the Bible Magazine of New Y'ork. 
 
 Frank W. Merchant, '95, is managing editor of the Pitts- 
 burgh Sun. W. T. Mossinan, '95, is an advertisement manager 
 in Pittsburgh. J. B. Townley, '90, is on the staff of the Pitts- 
 burgh Press. T. F. Smiley, '90, has charge of the Tri-State 
 XeAvs Bureau, Pittsburgh. D. W. Moore, '90, was the founder 
 
 [ 525 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 of the "Seneca Kicker." and editor of the Grove City Herald. 
 B. F. Beazell. '97, is engaged in New York journalism, having 
 been editor of the Bulletin and Index of Pittsburgh. E. S. 
 Oakes, '99, is an editor of Case and Comment of Rochester, X. 
 Y. Dr. E. F. Phillips, '09, is the author of "Bee Keeping." J. 
 Gayle Nelson, '04, is associate editor of the Baltimore 
 American. R. F. Wilson, '06, is a Washington newspaper cor- 
 respondent. Charles F. Lewis, '09, is connected with the Oil 
 City Derrick. M. A. DeYitis, '10, is the author of a Spanish 
 grammar. 
 
 IN THE BUSINESS WORLD 
 
 Mr. William Reynolds. '37, was the chief factor in bring- 
 ing rail transportation to Meadville. For ten years he gave 
 himself to the task, becoming the president of the Atlantic 
 and Great Western Railroad, whose completion in 1SG2 sup- 
 plied the connecting link of east and west. 
 
 Col. Cyrus K. Holliday, '52, was one of the founders of the 
 city of Topeka, Kansas, and a leading promoter of its in- 
 dustrial growth. Foremost in the organization of the Atch- 
 ison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad, he was its president in 
 its early years. 
 
 Hon. John F. Dnncombe, '52, was the earliest resident of 
 Fort Dodge, Iowa, and for nearly a half century was active 
 in its business affairs. Besides being the attorney of various 
 transcontinental lines, he served several years as president of 
 the Fort Dodge and Omaha Railroad. 
 
 Mr. Francis A. Arter, '01, was one of the pioneers of the 
 oil refining business in Cleveland. He had various other 
 business interests, being director of several corporations in 
 the city and a leader in financial affairs. He is interested in 
 many philanthropies, the most recent being the promotion of 
 an adequate endowment fund for the retired ministers of the 
 North-East Ohio Conference. 
 
 Mr. David Jameson, '78, after leaving Allegheny studied 
 two years in Victoria College, now connected with Toronto 
 University. He read law in Warren, O. and was admitted to 
 
 [ 520 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 practice before the Supreme Court of Ohio in 1881. For a 
 time he was located in Kansas City, Mo., then followed his 
 profession in New Castle, Pa. In 1891 he organized the Citi- 
 zens' National Bank of New Castle, serving successively as 
 cashier, vice president and president. Mr. .Jameson is one of 
 the influential men of his city and besides his business rela- 
 tions, maintains a keen interest in literary and educational 
 affairs. He is a loval advocate of his alma mater. 
 
 Mr. J. W. Kinnear, '82 
 
 Mr. James W. Kinnear, '82, came to Allegheny from Tidi- 
 oute, Pa. He studied law in the University of Pennsylvania, 
 being admitted to practice in 1887. He located at Pittsburgh 
 in the following year and is a member of the firm of Kinnear, 
 
 [ 527 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 McCloskey and Best. He has very extensive business inter- 
 ests, being vice president of the Washington Steel and 
 Ordinance Company, vice president of the Chemical Products 
 Company, a director of the Pittsburgh Chamber of Commerce, 
 a director of the Keystone National Bank, besides holding 
 several other positions of large financial trust. 
 
 Mr. Kinnear has been active in movements for the better- 
 ment of Pittsburgh. In the Civic Commission he was chair- 
 man of the committee on legislation. He is a leader in Sab- 
 bath School activities, being a member of the board of man- 
 agers of the Pennsylvania State Association and on the exe- 
 cutive committee of the international and world organizations. 
 
 Mr. W. W. Shilling, '80, is a native of Mercer county, Penn- 
 sylvania. He prepared for college at the Wheatland public 
 schools and the Edinboro State Normal. Besides a business 
 education he read law in Mercer and was admitted to the 
 bar in 1882. For several years he practiced his profession 
 with distinction in Sharon. In 1891 Mr. Shilling turned his 
 interests to manufacturing in which field he has met with 
 much success. He is the president of the Sharon Foundry 
 Company and a director in various other business enterprises. 
 
 Mr. Clifford W. Fuller, '86, was admitted to the practice 
 of law in 1890 and settled in Cleveland, specializing in cor- 
 poration work, fire insurance law and the management of 
 estates. His firm is known as Fuller and Conner. He is 
 attorney for the Rapid Transit and Terminal enterprise of 
 Cleveland. Mr. Fuller is trustee and secretary of the John 
 Huntington Art ami Polytechnic Trust, which is bearing 
 largely the cost of the new Museum of Art, now building in 
 Wade Park. The Trust has property worth several millions. 
 He is also secretary of the H. B. Hurl but Trust and the Hunt- 
 ington Benevolent Trust. 
 
 Mr. John L. Porter of the Class of Ninety is a native of 
 Meadville. After graduation lie engaged in the oil business 
 in western Pennsylvania, later going to England. Since 1895 
 he has been a resident of Pittsburgh, where he has numerous 
 business responsibilities and interests. Mr. Porter is presi- 
 
 [ 528 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 dent of the Enlow Oil Co., the Union Storage Company, the 
 Citizens' Ice Co. and the Pure Water Supply Co. He is vice 
 president of the Fisher Oil Co. and of the American Sewer 
 Pipe Co., and the secretary of the Hazelton Land Co. In 
 addition lie is director in several trust and surety companies. 
 Mr. Arthur Webster Thompson, '97, was born in Erie, Pa., 
 May G, 1875, and came to Meadville as a child, his father be- 
 ing foreman of the Erie R. R. Shops. In college he developed 
 marked proficiency in technical studies. He did much prac- 
 tical work and under the guidance of Prof. W. T. Dutton 
 fitted himself for the career of a civil engineer. 
 
 In 1898 he began his rail- 
 road service and his rise has 
 been steady and rapid, for in 
 thirteen years after his con- 
 nection with the Baltimore 
 and Ohio Railroad he had be- 
 come Third Vice President of 
 the entire system. Starting 
 as transitinan, he was ad- 
 vanced to chief of surveying 
 corps, assistant division engi- 
 neer, engineer of the Cumber- 
 land and of the Pittsburgh 
 Divisions, and finally a super- 
 intendency by 1903. Mr. 
 Thompson had charge of vari- 
 ous important engineering 
 improvements on the lines. 
 In 1007, he was made Chief 
 Mr. a. w. Thompson, '97 Engineer of Maintenance of 
 
 Way and in 1910 Chief Engineer of the B. & O. system. 
 
 Within a few months he became General Manager of the 
 road and two years later its Third Vice President. He has 
 0000 miles of track under his supervision and 70,000 em- 
 ployees. He is a magnetic leader of men. His slogan has 
 been, "The B. and O. second to none in the world." He is 
 
 [ 529 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 a member of leading engineering associations and he writes 
 with authority upon the problems of his profession. His 
 career shows the quantities of efficiency and energy that 
 constitute an ideal railroad executive. 
 
 Mr. W. J. Lewis. 'TO, is a banker in Scio, O., Mr. J. X. 
 Clarke. '72, is a capitalist in Hastings, Xeb.. Mr. O. F. Hoff- 
 man. '73, is an extensive oil operator in Warren, Pa.. Mr. P. 
 
 A. Dix, 'SO, has large business interests in Salt Lake City, 
 Utah. Mr. W. W. Tarbell, '81, is treasurer of the Ture Oil 
 Co., Mr. D. E. Howell, '81, is president of the Howell Grocery 
 Co., Des Moines. la., Mr. W. X. Ridge, '82, is a successful real 
 estate dealer in Xew York City, Mr. E. E. Blair. '83, is a banker 
 of YoungstoAvn, O., Mr. W. J. Guthrie. '84, is associated with 
 important oil companies in Pittsburgh, Mr. F. S. Rich, '84, is 
 president of the Crude Oil Co., Oil City, Pa., James A. Moore, 
 '83, is president of the Moore Company, Atlanta, Ga. 
 
 Mr. Charles C. Ramsey, '86, is president of the Crucible 
 Steel Co.. of Pittsburgh; Mr. Bert Lee Jones, '87, is vice presi- 
 dent of the Xiagara Gorge Co., Mr. Charles G. Lindsey, '88, is 
 an operator in real estate of Jamestown, X. Y., Mr. George 
 Gray, '88 is president of the Bakewell Coal Co. of Cleveland, 
 Mr. C. C. Leach, '89, is general manager of the American 
 Roller Bearing Co., of Pittsburgh; Mr. John B. Ford. Jr.. is a 
 manufacturer of Detroit, Mich., conducting valuable alkali 
 processes; Mr. Fred E. Russell. '00, is a manufacturer of War- 
 ren. O.. Mr. W. H. Stenger, '00, a manufacturer in Chicago, 
 Mr. J. S. Parker, '06, is a bank cashier in Harriman. Tenn., J. 
 
 B. Luse, 'i>7. is attorney for the Western Electrical Co. of Chi- 
 cago, A. AY. Mumford is manager of the Conewango Lumber 
 Co. of Warren. Pa.. A. E. Appleyard. '00. is a bank cashier in 
 Jamestown. X. Y., II. A. Siggins. '00, is manager of the War- 
 ren-Jamestown Traction Co.. C. M. Hatch, '01, is manager of 
 the Cambridge-Erie Traction Co. 
 
 Mr. Paul Kturtevant, '00, after graduation entered business 
 in Pittsburgh, being occupied with gas and water interests. 
 He turned his attention later to bonds and investments 
 and luis been for several years the Pittsburgh representa- 
 
 [ 530 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 five of Harris, Forbes & 
 Company of New York. 
 Mr. Sturtevant is also 
 president of the Bank of 
 Conneautville, Pa. He is 
 highly esteemed in the 
 business world of western 
 Pennsylvania. He is an 
 active worker in Christ 
 Church, East End Pitts- 
 burgh. He was made ;; 
 Trustee of Allegheny Col- 
 lege in 1915 upon the 
 nomination of the Pitts- 
 burgh Conference. 
 
 R. R. Ross, '84, is mana- 
 ger of the subscription de- 
 partment of Dodd, Mead & 
 Co., New York; W. B. 
 
 Mr. Paul Sturtevant, '99 Smyth, '84, Was long ill 
 
 the traffic department of the D. L. & AY. Railway; D. W. 
 Osborn, '84, is secretary of C. H. Dutton & Co., Kalamazoo, 
 Mich.; Miner L>. Crary, '96, is engaged in manufacturing in 
 Warren, Pa.; William Tipper, '98, is manager of the Vacuum 
 Oil Co., Pittsburgh; L. W. Unger, '98, is assistant general 
 superintendent of the Carnegie Steel Co., Clairtou, Pa. ; J. 
 M. Gee, '98, is in real estate in Cleveland, O. ; George Relf, '99, 
 is manager of the Hotel Utah, Salt Lake City; Ralph Greenlee, 
 '02, is superintendent of the Greenlee Foundry Co., Chicago; 
 C. W. Wolfe, '02, is superintendent of the Metal Products 
 Co., Cleveland ; Fred E. Smith, '03, is insurance general agent, 
 Salt Lake City; R. AY. Aloorehead, '03, is secretary of Moore- 
 head Knitting Co., Harrisburg, Pa.; T. A. Colter is Standard 
 Oil Representative in Java ; AI. -I. Beaty, '11. is an oil producer 
 in Tulsa, Okla. ; C. F. Bell, '95, is a milling manager in 
 Greeley, Col. 
 
 IN SOCIAL SERYICE 
 By the complexity of modern social structure many new 
 avenues of service are being opened. Under the auspices of 
 
 [ 531 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 voluntary organizations, philanthropic enterprises, civic and 
 State bodies, an increasing number of alumni is now employed. 
 
 Dr. Ernest A. Bell, '88, after graduation studied in Boston 
 University, then at the University of Oxford preparing for 
 mission work in India. He returned to the United States in 
 1895 and completed his theological course at Chicago. He 
 was a pastor and teacher for seven years, when in 1904 he 
 was foremost in founding the Midnight Mission in Chicago, 
 of which he is now superintendent, where men of all nation- 
 alities have the Scriptures given them in their own language. 
 
 Dr. Bell now became a leader in evangelistic and rescue 
 work and in movements 
 for amelioration of moral 
 conditions. In connec- 
 tion with the Vigilance 
 Association he promot- 
 ed interstate legislation 
 against the "White Slave 
 Trade. He was an 
 American delegate to the 
 World Congress of 1913 
 at London on this evil. 
 He is a director of 
 the Child Conservation 
 League of America. Dr. 
 Bell has written many 
 articles and pamphlets 
 on reform matters and is 
 best known as one of the 
 authors of the book. 
 ''War on the While Slave 
 Trade." which lias had a 
 sale of over one million copies. 
 
 Mr. George McLaughlin. "<;|. has been for many years secre- 
 tary of the New York State Commission of Prisons. Dr. J. D. 
 Martin, 'SO. is the corresponding secretary of the Philadelphia 
 Methodist Hospital, [lev. S, A. Dean. '89, is a Michigan Dis- 
 
 Dr. Ernest A. Bell. '88
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 t ritt Anti-Saloon League superintendent. Rev. J. K. Shields, 
 '95, was for six years superintendent of the Illinois Anti- 
 Saloon League and since 1913 of the New -Jersey League. 
 
 Miss Julia Schoenfeld, '97, after a course in medicine be- 
 came head resident of the Columbian Settlement in Pitts- 
 burgh. Later in New York she was executive secretary of the 
 committee on amusements and conducted investigations of 
 commercial recreations in several cities. In 1910 she became 
 field secretary of the Playground and Recreation Association 
 of America and in 1914 as head resident she inaugurated the 
 extensive work of the Irene Kaufman Settlement of Pitts- 
 burgh. Miss Schoenfeld has written on various sociological 
 subjects and is an inspiring leader in the new order of social 
 betterment. 
 
 Mr. Ossian E. Carr, '00, after graduating in engineering 
 saw service in the U. S. Coast Survey. Then he was in the 
 Philippine Islands a few years. He held important positions 
 in public works construction in Seattle, Portland and Cincin- 
 nati. In the latter city he was associated with H. M. Waite, 
 later the city manager of Dayton, O. Mr. Carr was called in 
 1914 to Cadillac, Mich., to be its city manager. His success 
 was so marked here, that in 1915 he was brought to Niagara 
 Falls, N. Y. to administer its municipal affairs. 
 
 Mr. George II. Lamb, '85, is the alert executive of the 
 Carnegie Free Library and its associated interests at Brad- 
 dock, Pa., the first of the foundations by Andrew Carnegie; 
 T. P. DeWolfe, '99, is secretary of the Civic League of Pitts- 
 burgh ; C. K. Edmonds, '05, is a reference librarian of the 
 New York City Library: J. S. Ekey. '05, is city manager of 
 Grove City, Pa.; W. W. Gleason, '0G, is director of Wyman's 
 School of the Woods. Munsing, Mich.; Albert C. Trego, '09, 
 is manager of the Workmen's Compensation Bureau of San 
 Francisco; W. L. Chaffee, '91, is chief examiner of accounts 
 of New York City. 
 
 Miss Estelle Rosenbaum, '03, is a manager of the Hebrew 
 Social Settlement in Philadelphia. Miss Lettie Johnston, '05, 
 is head resident of the Warner House. Baltimore. . Miss Har- 
 riet Johnson, '07, is an official of the Children's Aid Society of 
 
 [ 533 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Baltimore. Miss Vera Bash. '08, was social secretary of Ports- 
 mouth, X. H. in 1913 and now is with the Philadelphia C. O. 
 S. Miss Mabel Beatty, '08, is instructor in the Deaconess 
 Training School, Boston. Miss Ida Preston. "11. was executive 
 secretary of the hospital survey of Philadelphia in 1014. J. W. 
 Barkley, "II. is supervising director of school play grounds of 
 Cleveland, O. Leroy Peterson. '13, is executive secretary of 
 the police board of the City of New York. 
 
 The following alumni are identified with the work of the 
 Young Meivs Christian Association, D. G. Latshaw, '95, as 
 international field secretary, T. I. Bordwell, '99, at San Paolo, 
 Brazil. C. A. Richmire, '00, secretary at Battle Creek, Mich., 
 Edgar M. Hall, '03, general secretary at Raleigh. N. C. 
 C. L. Chase, '03, secretary at Cambridge. Mass., J. J. Squier, 
 '03, at Sacramento. Calif.. H. J. Wieler, '14, 57th Street. X. Y. 
 
 In the Federal Government employ are these among other 
 alumni : T. B. Mackey, '78, post-office superintendent. East 
 Liverpool, O. ; Capt. S. M. Decker, '81, War Department, 
 "Washington, D. C. ; AY. M. Beck. 'S5, Post-olfice Dpeartment, 
 Washington; A. E. Baldwin, '90, assistant chief of Comput- 
 ing Division, Coast and Geodetic Survey, Washington, D. C. ; 
 R. B. Derickson. '05. assistant superintendent U. S. Survey: 
 C. A. Porter, '07, is examiner of accounts. Interstate Commerce; 
 G. W. Boulger, '96, assistant postmaster, Greenville. Pa.; 
 E. G. Stackpole, '9G, assistant postmaster, Tampa. Fla. ; Dr. 
 E. V. Phillips, '00, Bureau of Entomology , Washington, D. C. ; 
 J. E. Fitzgerald. "02, Division of Foreign Markets. Depart- 
 ment of Commerce. Washington. D. C. 
 
 IN ENGINEERING 
 
 W. S. Twining. '87, after graduation was instructor in 
 civil engineering in Allegheny for three years. He then, under 
 the Thompson-Houston Company, had charge of the pioneer 
 electric railway construction in several cities. In ISO:', he 
 became assistant engineer of the People's Traction Company, 
 of Philadelphia, and chief engineer of the Union Traction in 
 1895. When the Philadelphia Rapid Transit Company in 
 1002 absorbed the old organization and built the Market 
 
 \ 534 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Street Subway and Elevated, Mr. Twining was in charge of 
 the work. This notable engineering established his national 
 reputation. From 1910 he was consulting engineer with the 
 firm of Ford, Bacon and Davis, of New York, for five years, 
 when lie was recalled to Philadelphia by its Mayor to be Di- 
 rector of City Transit, an appointment based upon merit and 
 not upon polities. 
 
 .J. W. Silliman, '80, lias been engaged in street railway 
 engineering in the Northwest and in Philadelphia.. He is now 
 assistant engineer in the Bureau of Highways of the Public 
 Works of Philadelphia. James E. Hood, '00, is superintendent 
 of the Bedlington and Nelson B. B. of Montana ; J. A. Knox, 
 '01, is engaged in his profession in St. Louis; G. B. Davis, 
 '93, has been employed in Chihuahua, Mexico, and A. M. 
 Evans, '03, in the Montreal Department of Loads, Canada. 
 
 Paul Beisinger, '03, is superintendent of the Arizona and 
 New Mexico B. B. ; Edwin D. Beed, '04, after serving as en- 
 gineer with the Scranton Railway Company, became general 
 manager of the Lewiston, Maine, system. Since 1008 he has 
 been general superintendent of the Chattanooga Railway and 
 Light Company. Edwin A'. Smith, '04, is district engineer of 
 maintenance' of way of Hie Baltimore and Ohio, with head- 
 quarters at Wheeling. W. Va. ; A. W. Thornton, '96, maintains 
 an office in McKeesport, Pa. 
 
 Frank T. Darrow, '07, began with the C B. & Q. Lines 
 west of the Missouri River as a rodman the month after his 
 graduation. He has advanced to be the head of the engineer- 
 ing department of the west half of the system, having 5000 
 miles under his supervision as Chief Engineer of Maintenance 
 of Way. His pre-eminence in his profession was fixed by his 
 notable construction of the great bridge over the Missouri at 
 Plattsmouth in 1013. Charles A. MacTntvre, '!>7, has been for 
 over ten years the responsible assistant engineer of the H. C. 
 Frick Company at Scottdale, Pa. 
 
 S. W. Curtis, '07, is a consulting engineer in San Fran- 
 cisco, and Oren B. Higley, '07, in Pittsburgh; Chas. A. Stelle, 
 'OS, has seen important railroad service, having been division 
 
 [ 535 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 engineer of the Wheeling and Lake Erie, 1908-13, and of the 
 Chicago and Alton from 1013, with headquarters at Bloom- 
 ington, 111.; J. AY. Wilkinson, '9S, is assistant engineer of the 
 X. Y. C. & St. L. R. R., operating from Cleveland; James P. 
 Prindle. '98, is a successful contractor in Batavia, 111. 
 
 Clifford S. Leet, '99, after a period in the engineering de- 
 partment, was made land agent of the Bessemer and Lake 
 Erie; B. I. Weller, '99, is a structural engineer in Chicago; 
 J. B. Myers, '00, is the division engineer of the B. & O., of 
 the important Cumberland Division ; J. W. Billingsley, '01, is 
 a consulting engineer in New Orleans; AY. C. Welker, '02, is 
 civil engineer for the Mahoning and Shenango Railway and 
 Light Company, of Youngstown, O. ; H. C. Hopkins, '02, has 
 his office in Los Angeles, and R. B. Stebbins, '02, in Pitts- 
 burgh; C. E. Douglas, '01, is in the Evaluation Department of 
 the Bessemer R. R. at Greenville, Pa. 
 
 Stuart W. Jackson, '03, is division engineer of the Penn- 
 sylvania State Highway Department; T. F. Lininger, '03, is 
 city engineer of Conneaut. O. ; John Tordella, "03, is division 
 engineer of the B. & O. at Newark. O. ; B. J. Randall, '03, is 
 an electrical engineer in Schenectady, N. Y. ; Fred Conover, 
 '04, follows his profession in Zanesville, O.. and C. R. Hayes. 
 '04. is employed in Dallas, Texas; Roy F. Shepard. '04, is 
 civil engineer with the Carnegie Steel Company, of Home- 
 stead. Pa.; F. AY. Strickler, "04. is a supervising engineer with 
 the Erie R. R. 
 
 AY. A. Wynn, '05. is head engineer of the Bureau of Town- 
 ship Highways. Pennsylvania; F. 11. Larder. '0."), is employed 
 in Chattanooga; 11. Ai. Crawford. '05, is superintendent of 
 the Alonongahela If. R.. of Brownsville. Pa.; Fred Harper, '05, 
 is city engineer of Butler, Pa.; .1. A. Saunders, '05. is an elec- 
 trical engineer in Aurora, 111.; L. G. Gartner, 'DO. is with the 
 F. S. Survey; AY. B. Hotson, 'Ofi, is assistant engineer of the 
 Elgin, Joliet and Eastern R. R. ; James A.. Small. '00, is 
 assistant engineer of the New York State Highway Depart- 
 ment. 
 
 Harry Alax .Jones, '00, after engineering work with coal 
 
 [ 530 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 companies in Kentucky and Pennsylvania, is now division en- 
 gineer of the Rocky Mountain Fuel Company, Denver; B. F. 
 Miller, '07, is city engineer of Meadville, Pa.; Ray Vosler, 
 '07, was city engineer of Greenville, Pa., 1913-5; F. T. Fish, 
 '07, is with the Pennsylvania Railroad at Philadelphia; A. W. 
 Donaldson, '07, lias an office at Titnsville, Fla. ; J. M. Seybolt, 
 '07, is with the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey in Maryland; 
 G. G. Martin, '07, is supervisor of track of the Bessemer R. R. ; 
 H. H. Stanley, '08, is in the Pittsburgh offices of the Hope 
 Natural Gas Company; W. A. Cappeau, '08, is in the Pitts- 
 burgh offices of the B. & O. ; C. S. Fullerton, '08, is assistant 
 comity engineer at Painesville, O. 
 
 J. M. Blake, '08, is chief engineer of the Erie Steel Con- 
 struction Company, Erie, Pa.; Robert Ginn, '08, is on the 
 engineering staff of the Bessemer R. R. ; Francis Irvine, '08, 
 is assistant division engineer of the B. & O. at Wheeling, 
 AY. Va. ; Hugh Nelson, '08, is civil engineer for the Portland 
 Bridge Company, Oregon; F. G. Smith, '08, is with the New 
 York Central; Ralph Cole, '09, has an office in Ardmore, 
 Okla.; Ralph Miller, '00, is with the C. B. & Q. at Sheridan, 
 Wyoming; G. II. Ruhling, '09, is deputy county engineer at 
 Tiffin, O.; W. P. Ball. '10, is topographer of the Valuation 
 Division of the O. II. & D. Ry. ; H. D. Hilborn, '10, is the 
 bridge engineer of the Maintenance of Way of the C. B. & Q. 
 at Lincoln, Neb. 
 
 Roy L. Phillips, '10, is a member of the consulting firm 
 of Miller, '08, and Phillips, Meadville, Pa.; Essex Penman, 
 '10, is with the Union Railway, West Newton, Pa.; R. W. 
 Bricker, '11, is employed by the State Engineering Depart- 
 ment; B. W. David, '11, is an electrical engineer in Cleveland; 
 C. C. Grant, '11, is with the C. C. C. & St. L. R. R. at Cin- 
 cinnati; N. R. Moore, '11, is located at Yanderbilt, Pa.; C. R. 
 Adsit, '91, is a supervisor of the Philadelphia Division of the 
 B. & O. ; W. R. Grant, '12, is assistant engineer of the De- 
 troit Water Works Board; C. II. Clarke, '12, is city engineer 
 of Greenville, Pa. 
 
 [ 537 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 ALUMNAE 
 
 Mrs. Louise McClintock Kurtz. '77, after teaching in the 
 Meadville High School and being supervisor of music in the 
 Oil City Schools, became an efficient member of the Allegheny 
 College Faculty, serving as preceptress of Hulings Hall and 
 instructor in French and History, 1884-6. She was later a 
 teacher in the Lock Haven Normal School. Pennsylvania, and 
 the Moorhead Normal School, Minnesota. In 1800 she was 
 married to Mr. T. C. Kurtz and their home is in Portland, 
 Oregon. 
 
 Mrs. Harriett Linn Beebe. '80, was the first preceptress of 
 Hulings Hall. In 1883 she was married to Dr. R. C. Beebe 
 and went to Nanking, China, where her husband had charge 
 of the mission hospital. For twenty years Mrs. Beebe con- 
 ducted a growing Bible work with the native women. Then 
 she returned to Meadville for the education of her daughters. 
 Her impaired health resulted in her death. .July 8, 1000. She 
 was a woman of strong mentality and winning personality. 
 
 Mrs. Gertrude Douglas Douglas. '88. studied music in New 
 York. Boston, and Munich after her graduation and had a 
 notable success as a singer and teacher of music for a few 
 years. In 1805 she was married to Mr. G. "NY. Douglas, of the 
 Philadelphia Public Ledger, and lives at Landsdowne, Pa. 
 Mrs. Myrte Rice Haynes, '88. after graduation was a teacher of 
 languages and organizer of village libraries in Michigan. She 
 was married in 180S to Dr. AY. M. Haynes and lives in Mans- 
 field. O. 
 
 Mrs. Henrietta Miller Couse, '01. taught Latin and Ger- 
 man for three years and was married to Mi-. E. P. Couse, '80. 
 She is now the editor of the Cliiter-Moxitok of Brownsville. 
 Pa. Miss Grace A'. Henderson, 'ill*, of Pittsburgh, made a 
 study of law. but has not entered its practice. She is also a 
 musical composer and active in the literary and musical circles 
 of her city. Miss Ella Emery, '0., is a bank cashier in Mill- 
 boro. 1'a. 
 
 .Miss Elva L. Bascoin. '04, after serving on the Ciiautau- 
 iji'Av editorial stall', became assistant State Librarian <>f 
 New York. Prom 1008-13 she was editor of the American
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Library Association Book-list. In 1013 Miss Bascom was 
 made chief of the Book Selection Department of the Wis- 
 consin Library Commission. She is the author of "Library 
 Work for College Women," and "Nature Study Beading List." 
 She was the editor of the A. L. A. Catalogue, 1904-11. 
 
 Mrs. Millicent Davis Dilley, '90, after graduation was pre- 
 ceptress of Dickinson Seminary and assistant secretary of the 
 Wilkes-Barre Y. W. C. A. In 1000 she married Mr. Arthur 
 Dilley and resides at Pelham Manor, N. Y.. Miss Blanche 
 Bascom, '07, studied art at Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, and 
 since 1012 has been Director of Art at Otterbein College. 
 She is instructor in craft work in summer Chautauqua s. 
 
 Dr. M. Blanche Best, '07, was instructor in physical cul- 
 ture in Allegheny. 1890-7. She studied medicine in the Uni- 
 versity of Toronto and became, resident physician in the 
 Kingsley House settlement of Pittsburgh. She was also as- 
 sistant physician of the State Asylum at Warren, Pa. For 
 a dozen years Dr. Best has been a successful practitioner in 
 Meadville, as well as actively connected with several enter- 
 prises for community welfare. 
 
 Mrs. Louise Bolard More, '08, after two year? in Allegheny, 
 was graduated from Wellesley College. While engaged as a 
 settlement worker in New York City she prepared an authori- 
 tative study entitled "Wage-Earners Budgets." She was mar- 
 ried in 1004 to Mr. C. II. More, of Denver. Col. Miss Harriot 
 Hassler, '98, studied in the Pratt Library School and was 
 later connected with the John Crerar Library of Chicago and 
 the. Portland, Oregon, Library. She is now supervisor of 
 libraries in Brooklyn. N. Y. 
 
 Miss Sabra Vought, "00, was librarian of the University of 
 Tennessee, 1002-12, and then in the Ohio State Library. Miss 
 Edith Rowley, '05, has been librarian of Allegheny College 
 since 1007. Miss Nora Giele, "00, is librarian at New Castle, 
 Pa. Miss Anna Tarr. '00, is librarian at Clinton. la. Miss 
 Nelle Campbell, '10, is on the staff of the Book Review Digest, 
 New York City. 
 
 Mrs. Helen Hempstead Furrer, '00, took post-graduate 
 
 [ 539 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 work in Cornell University and then entered the Medical 
 School of Johns Hopkins University, where she was graduated 
 with distinction in 1905. She practiced her profession in 
 Cleveland. O., and was married in 1915 to Mr. A. F. Furrer. 
 Miss Josephine Hull. '00. is supervisor of nurses in Brook- 
 lyn, X. Y. Mrs. Myra Willson Collnni, '11. was graduated in 
 pharmacy from the University of Pittsburgh and is a drug- 
 gist in Sharon. Fa. 
 
 Mrs. Edna Young Reed, '02, studied in the Moody Bible 
 Institute of Chicago and the Conservatory of Music. She is 
 an evangelist and composer of hymns, also a serial and short 
 story writer. She is the author of "Holiday and Every Day 
 Melodies." and "The Liberty Bell.*' She was married in 1910 
 to Rev. C. M. Reed. 
 
 Mrs. Ansta Densmore Stnrtevant. '76, studied art in New 
 York and in Paris with Collin. She received Honorable Men- 
 tion in the Salon of 1895. Mrs. Stnrtevant has excelled as a 
 portrait painter. Mrs. Maud Rondebnsh Barling. 'ST. studied 
 music in Paris and sang there in Grand Opera. She was en- 
 gaged for a time in concert work in New York. She was 
 married in 1907 to AT. AY. Barling. 
 
 itiftf ' 
 
 Lake Cieorge" in \HfH 
 
 f 510 ]
 
 CHAPTER XV 
 
 THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 
 
 A pageant, a conference 
 and a home gathering fea- 
 tured the celebration of the 
 one-hundredth anniversary 
 of the founding of Allegheny 
 College. The great event 
 was early in mind. The first 
 note of anticipation was 
 sounded by President Craw- 
 ford a score of years prior. 
 The brilliant success of the 
 Centenary Week was possi- 
 ble only because of the long 
 preparation. The plans laid 
 were so ambitious, so unique 
 and so minute that their 
 exact fulfillment brought Al- 
 legheny in truth to the climax of its fame, just as its century 
 ended. 
 
 Alumni, Trustees, Faculty, students and citizens co-oper- 
 ated so unreservedly, that even before the first guest arrived 
 upon the campus, it was evident the actualities of the anni- 
 versary would surpass all dreams and sanguine desires for 
 the occasion. Ample provision had been made for thousands 
 of visitors. The college grounds were never more attractive 
 in their diversified beauty. Old Bentley had been given new 
 adornment from ancient tower to basement, and silhouetted at 
 night in lines of light it shone far distant over the valley to 
 Kennedy Hill beyond, a beacon to the returning sons and 
 daughters of Allegheny. 
 
 What a royal welcome awaited them on Saturday night, 
 June 19th! And they had come many hundred strong for the 
 
 [ 541 ] 
 
 lOO^ANNIVERSARY 
 ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 HISTORICAL PAGEANT
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 opening reception. They were present from India, China, 
 Mexico and Chili, from Texas and the Pacific Slope. The pro- 
 fessors extended greetings in the lecture rooms and labora- 
 tories. Hulings Hall. Cochran Hall and the fraternity homes 
 kept open house. Classmates, separated a quarter, a half 
 century, met again. The alumnus of 1879 found a brother in 
 the young graduate of 1911. Reminiscences held full sway 
 until the midnight hour. Cordiality, comradeship, fervent 
 loyalty to the old college, warm felicitations on its striking 
 progress abounded. It was an ideal home-coming. 
 
 The Sabbath, morning and night, was given in the familiar 
 Stone Church to the consideration of the Christian college. 
 
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 The Stone Church 
 
 The sentiment of the ancient seal of Allegheny expressed the 
 religions purpose of the founders, "To your faith virtue, and to 
 your virtue knowledge."' Bishop "YV. F. McDowell preached 
 the anniversary sermon on the theme, ''The place of Christ in 
 the Christian College". It was an enheartening message of 
 faith to the one hundred and three members of the graduating 
 class, who held the seats of honor. At night Dr. Thomas 
 Nicholson, of the Methodist Hoard of Education, and l'resi- 
 
 >42
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 dont Henry Churchill King, of Oberlin College, discussed with 
 much power the influence of the Christian college upon men, 
 movements and the making of America. 
 
 The afternoon of this anniversary day was marked by a 
 rally of the missionaries of Allegheny. Bishop Burt, as pre- 
 siding officer, brought of his rich experiences in European 
 fields. Bishops Oldham and Thoburn for India, Rev. George 
 S. Miner for China and Miss Laura Temple for Mexico gave 
 reports of conditions in the lands where more than two score 
 alumni of the college have labored with distinction. 
 
 The chief historic incident of the entire week came at dusk 
 Sabbath at the precise time of "early candle lighting", June 
 20, 1815, when upon the site of the old Log Court House on the 
 Diamond, now the residence of Mr. Adrian W. McCoy, the 
 foundation meeting of Allegheny College was commemorated. 
 Many descendants of the gentlemen who organized the institu- 
 tion a century before were present. Addresses were made by 
 Mr. John E. Reynolds, Mayor of Meadville, the grandson of 
 Mr. John Reynolds, the secretary of the initial June gathering, 
 and by Mr. Hugh C. Lord, of Erie, grandson of Samuel Lord, 
 Esq., Trustee and donor of the original campus of five acres. 
 Mr. Reynolds portrayed vividly the community enterprise of 
 early Meadville in business, literature, religion and educa- 
 tion. The village of 1815 was made to live again as its several 
 citizens were marshalled with accurate historic touch. After 
 the narration of the court house meeting, a gracious tribute 
 was paid to the college which has now become the fulfillment 
 of the dream of Timothy Alden. 
 
 In the remarks of Mr. Lord the log court house was used 
 as typical of American origins and the fitting cradle of the 
 institution, whose mission has been to lead to a truer concep- 
 tion of national ideals and duties of citizenship. He said in 
 conclusion : 
 
 "We are here voicing our appreciation, our obligation and our ven- 
 eration of the men of the foundation meeting. We are here in the 
 afterglow of the passing century, in the reflection of the achievement 
 of a glorious past, restful in the sense of work well done, trusting that 
 ir. God's providence we may at such a time amid these surroundings 
 
 [ 543 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 and these memories receive from the spirit of the founders their 
 optimism, their willingness and their will to do." 
 
 Of the days that followed it was difficult to say which was 
 the busiest aud which was the best. Each tweuty-four hours 
 commanded rapt, absorbing interest. The program of the en- 
 tire celebration was surpassingly rich in its varied, excellent 
 features, while it was extraordiary in the number of eminent 
 persons who lent their services to the anniversary exercises. 
 Every day was alumni day, but Monday was the special time 
 for reunions. The Centennial Class of 1915 became alumni of 
 the college in the morning, the address to the graduates being 
 made by Chancellor S. B. McCormick, of the University of 
 Pittsburgh. 
 
 The class breakfasts came at twelve o'clock. Eighteen sev- 
 enty-five met with Mrs. E. A. Hempstead, 1SS0 with Hon. A. L. 
 Bates, 1881 went to the Country Club and 1890 to Saegertown, 
 while 1885, 1891, 1892 and 1893 were at the various city church 
 parlors. The classes of '97, '98, '99 and 00 inaugurated a new 
 feature in being served as a ''college generation" group on the 
 campus. This plan of reunion will likely be largely adopted 
 in coming Junes. From 1901 to 1915, all the classes held 
 successful gatherings, 1911 making the largest proportional 
 showing. A great tent had been pitched in the rear of Bentley 
 and here one thousand joined in the alumni banquet at night. 
 
 The supreme jollity of the Centenary broke loose on that 
 occasion. It was the most stirring exhibition of Allegheny 
 spirit and loyalty that the college ever knew. It was the one 
 time of the week when all the students of other days could be 
 located as the class numerals on the tables indicated their 
 presence. No opening was allowed for speeches. The cheer- 
 ing became continuous before the menu was concluded. The 
 parade of the classes about the tent raised enthusiasm to a 
 fever heat. 1915. 1911 with its brass band. 1901 with Dr. Kobert 
 Brown leading, 1S90 and many others engaging. When the 
 banqueters emerged, the campus was transformed into a fairy 
 land. A myriad of Japanese lanterns danced in the breeze 
 along every walk and in all the nooks and corners. Bentley 
 Hall flamed in electric brilliance and the great throng of visit- 
 
 [ 511 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 1 
 
 To Montgomery Field 
 
 ors, citizens and students passed under the arch of welcome 
 above Ruter Hall to Montgomery Field. Here a thrilling, 
 thunderous display of fireworks closed the spectacular jubilee 
 features of Ihe big Alumni Day. 
 
 But other notable exercises had crowded the hours of this 
 amazing Monday. Ford Memorial Chapel long before two 
 o'clock could contain but a fraction of the multitude eager to 
 hear the addresses of the distinguished alumni who gave the 
 Alma Mater program. The four able messages constitute 
 abiding contributions to the history of Allegheny and their 
 sympathetic interpretation of its ideals and its achievements 
 set a standard for all subsequent appraisement of the college. 
 The historical address was made bv Dr. Ida M. Tarbell, '80. 
 
 THE HISTORICAL ADDRESS 
 
 "The most significant and inspiring fact in the recent life of Alle- 
 gheny College is the unfolding of her history. To hundreds of her 
 sons and daughters it has become as a discovery that she could be said 
 to have a history. What has the college been in our minds that this 
 is true? A group of men to whom we owe a debt we gladly acknow- 
 ledge a group of college mates scattered and rarely seen a few 
 clear cut reminiscences, grave or gay something personal, very dear, 
 yet shadowy her benefits believed in, yet hard to analyze. She was 
 our college, that was enough. 
 
 [ 545 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 That she was also an institution born of the same enthusiasm, the 
 same faith and daring as had settled this country and given it its 
 declaration of principles and its form of government that she was 
 even known to many of those whom we call the Fathers and had 
 received from them material support this we had never realized. 
 
 No more fully had we realized what it cost her in courage, in 
 patience and in effort to live through a hundred years without viola- 
 tion of the principles on which she was founded and without closing 
 her mind to the fresh calls of the succeeding generations. This our 
 old college has done. Her history is the story of this achievement. 
 
 If the Rev. Timothy Alden, distinguished scholar and enthusiastic 
 pleader as he was, had not already done a good two months' work in 
 the village of Mead, he would certainly not have been able to have 
 persuaded the gentlemen he met June 20th, 181 5, in the log court house 
 to commit themselves to so daring an adventure as they undertook. 
 But why did they promise to lay the foundation of a seminary devoted 
 to the liberal arts and sciences in a community of but four score 
 families, remote from cities? If it had been a grist mill, a stage line 
 to Buffalo or Pittsburgh that Timothy Alden had proposed, we could 
 have readily understood it, but a college! 
 
 They committed themselves to the project, which looks to the 
 practical mind of today so chimerical, not merely because the founder 
 came to them filled with his zeal for 'religion, literature and science'. 
 They like him had pioneer blood in their veins and had tasted of the 
 hardships as well as the rewards of the pioneer. When he told them 
 that the land they occupied was destined to be overspread with as many 
 inhabitants as any interior section, they warmed to his enthusiasm. 
 They had been trained to believe as he had that the future of the 
 United States depended not on wealth or armies, but on 'knowledge, 
 virtue and religion'. These were not words to them any more than to 
 Timothy Alden. They were facts. 
 
 These men of Meadville knew nothing could preserve the Republic 
 but a continued belief in the ideas upon which it had been founded. 
 These must be kept alive and working. Let them become mere tradi- 
 tional phrases, formulae repeated but not followed in deeds and in 
 spirit, and there was nothing for it but a return to kings and emperors 
 and militarism. It was because the early Meads and Reynoldses and Dicks 
 and Farrelleys and Huidekopers and Morrisons believed this that they 
 joined Timothy Alden and gave him the support they did a support 
 without which it should never be forgotten there never could have been 
 an Allegheny College. 
 
 The campaign in the interests of the college which followed was 
 unique in methods redolent of the times, and yet as aggressive as that 
 of the most modern college president. There was little money to be 
 had from the East, but the one thing that could be given was books. 
 
 I r>4<; i
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 They were a more inspiring symbol, a more convincing proof of sta- 
 bility than ever money would have been. It was a day when books 
 were still so rare that they were treasured and read. I do not think 
 that we can overestimate the shrewdness with which Timothy Alder, 
 used the library so marvelously brought together to build on. With a 
 boldness which seems foolhardy today as we look back, the Trustees 
 supported him in beginning the structure which has always been the 
 pride of the college, Bentley Hall. It was Bentley's books which gave it 
 its name. 
 
 By the end of the first decade and a half of its life the new institu- 
 tion had a handsome reputation in the East. But in the town of Mead 
 there was another story. Alden had done the impossible in erecting a 
 building, but the college was little less than the shell of a dream. It 
 had no teacher save the president, no funds, no students. What did it 
 profit, this sacrifice, this begging at the doors of the State Treasury, 
 this besieging of the learned and the rich on the Atlantic coast, if there 
 were no young men who wanted a college? 
 
 Reluctantly and slowly the situation was forced on Timothy Alden. 
 He had to admit that he had done all he could. The time had come 
 as it does so often in the careers of men of prophetic ideals and com- 
 pelling enthusiasms when their zeal and words lose their contagious 
 powers. After the dignified letter of resignation, he left Meadville in 
 1831. It was seventy-seven years before he came back; then it was to 
 the cemetery on the hill. It was fitting that he should have been 
 brought back with honors and every effort made to impress the college 
 with his relation to it. In my time Timothy Alden was a name and a 
 date, nothing more. Today we know we are here because of his belief 
 that this Government under Almighty God depends upon 'knowledge, 
 virtue and religion' and he for his part was willing to give up his life 
 that more men should be taught their value. 
 
 An active religious body of Western Pennsylvania came to the 
 rescue of the melancholy building on the hill in 1833. The Pittsburgh 
 Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church wanted a college. Here 
 was a plant of fine tradition going to seed. The fact that the Confer- 
 ence took Allegheny under its patronage, though important in the 
 history of the college, is of less moment than the terms of arrange- 
 ment. The spirit and the letter of the liberal principles of the original 
 charter were to be scrupulously observed. Nothing sectarian would 
 be introduced. 
 
 The idea of the function of a college held by these earlv Metho- 
 dists is worthy in spirit and in form of the attention of every thoughtful 
 man and woman today when the world is engaged in the barbarous 
 struggle over an ideal of culture. The prospectus thus set forth the 
 aims, 'the forming of the mind and intellectual character of the stu- 
 dents for individual happiness and respectability and for usefulness in 
 the world; to unite with a highly cultivated and manly understanding a 
 
 [ 547 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 benevolent, enterprising and energetic character'. Nothing in this 
 about earning your living, training for arms, industry or agriculture. 
 Understanding, character, service, such were the objects of education 
 in the mind of the new denominational management of 183 3. 
 
 The campaign to raise funds and gather students which the Pitts- 
 burgh Conference began and with the Erie Conference continued to 
 our day was efficient, stimulating and infinitely picturesque. Agents 
 went at least once in each year to awaken every congregation in the 
 territory to the opportunitv and the obligation of Allegheny. The 
 visit to the church was always announced beforehand. 'On next Sun- 
 day the agent of the Allegheny College will occupy this pulpit, pre- 
 senting the claims of this institution to your support.' 
 
 We all came to know the announcement, even the sermon by 
 heart, its eloquent plea for education, its no less eloquent prayer for 
 help. They repeated it Sunday after Sunday, but it seemed always to 
 flame with belief. It would have been a dull man who could have 
 stood before those small congregations of honest eyed men and women, 
 intent on godliness and the preservation of democracy, who could have 
 looked at those eager faces of youngsters, and not been moved. The 
 agents fired the boys and the girls with a determination to know. They 
 made an education seem possible as well as desirable. 
 
 Children went home to the fireside to say, 'I'm going to college. I 
 can. He says you can work your way through'. Parents went home 
 with the purpose to save for a scholarship. Twenty-five, fifty dollars 
 was a big sum in those days, but hundreds found it. The scholarship 
 was an educuation in itself, keeping alive ideals and hopes, connecting 
 families with the world of learning. My mother as a child heard the 
 praises and the possibilities of Allegheny and became an eager advocate 
 for her brother to go to college. Girls were not as yet bidden. Years 
 later her daughter listened to the same message. How much of her 
 desire to have an education was due to this address of the agent it 
 would be impossible to say, but that it helped it is certain. 
 
 By these means gradually Timothy Alden's college became a real 
 and living factor in the hopes and ambitions of young and old. The 
 college was brought into the closest relations with the thought of the 
 people of the territory through the .Methodist Conferences. If agent, 
 president and professor fanned the passion for knowledge, the people 
 in turn prevented the college from settling into scholastic habits of 
 thought. Quickening radical ideas of the times were flowing freely in 
 this particuluar area of the nation. The patronizing territorv of Alle- 
 gheny College lay between two of the most radical centers in the 
 United States of t lie Forties and Fifties. To the northeast lav the 
 magnetic circle about Rochester of Channing, Gerrit Smith. Susan B. 
 Anthony and other great radicals; to the west was Oberlin College and 
 the group of the Western Reserve. 
 
 I 54S ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Two great questions agitated these sections, the abolition of slavery 
 and the rights of women. The first, much as it disturbed college activi- 
 ties when war came, was not the one to affect the structure of Alle- 
 gheny. It was the matter of the rights of women which finally forced 
 itself upon the governing body of the college. In the year Methodist 
 patronage was extended to Allegheny, Oberlin College opened its doors 
 with this purpose, 'the elevation of female character by bringing within 
 the reach of the misjudged sex all the instruction and privileges which 
 have hitherto unreasonably distinguished the leading sex.' How the 
 Western Reserve and the Holland Land Grant must have been disturbed 
 at times by these ideas! Into the territory, too, came the New York 
 Tribune with its brilliant pleas for every human cause and for Woman's 
 Rights. 
 
 How often must the query have come to the Allegheny officials, 
 'Why not give the girls a chance?' And the eyes of many a girl wore 
 a puzzled look as to why the doors were closed for her to the educa- 
 tion so constantly praised. * * " :: In June, 18 70, women were admitted, 
 and she won her first diploma in 1873. The college had chosen its 
 part with the new world not without misgivings. Only those who saw 
 those early days can realize what strong alterations and sacrifice that 
 feminine invasion involved. But the admission of women was coinci- 
 dent with a new period of growth for the college. A radical change is 
 always stimulating. It compels the consideration of new ideas. 
 
 The coming of women forced Allegheny College into action. She 
 must take care of them. She began to think of new buildings and new 
 ways. It was the first step in the splendid later growth, for having 
 started to stretch herself, to face new demands, she began to feel the 
 thrills of accomplishment. Fortunate indeed for her that in these 
 years the one in leadership has sympathized with the ambitions aroused 
 in the Seventies. The work carried on here in recent decades and in 
 the last score of years with especial success by President Crawford has 
 done Allegheny a service like to that Timothy Alden rendered with his 
 prophetic and inspiring plans and appeals. It has spread knowledge of 
 the college where she was unknown. Where she had one friend twenty- 
 five years ago, now she has twenty. The Hill gives substantial proofs 
 of the new equipment of the college for a larger efficiency. It is quite 
 possible we are too near this achievement to properh estimate it and 
 the Second Centennial alone will bring its adequate appreciation. 
 
 The future may be read in the light of the fidelity of the past. 
 Allegheny has grown without sacrifice of the fundamental ideas which 
 put the breath of life into her and to which she held true in the early 
 struggles. Freedom of thought and the development of understanding 
 and character for the purpose of service have been her ideals through 
 the century. At the same time the college has never lost touch with 
 the times. It sent its sons marching to war to preserve the Union. 
 
 [ 549 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 It opened its doors to women. It dared teach the doctrine of evolu- 
 tion when it was an idea almost as much feared as a woman in the 
 ministry. These are the springs of life, of growth, of usefulness. So 
 long as they are guarded, Allegheny will remain and expand." 
 
 Judge John J. Henderson, vice-president of the Board of 
 Trustees, spoke as its representative. He said that while it 
 had been a great task to build the college through the century, 
 it was also an equally arduous labor to govern it wisely and 
 well. It was the main function of the Trustees to select a 
 strong and efficient Faculty. The long succession of alumni 
 bore grateful testimony to the worth of the men who had left 
 an enduring impression upon their plastic lives. 
 
 These teachers had been versed in more than the learning 
 of books. The secret of the potency of their influence lay in 
 their personality. There is danger that modern education 
 may become a matter of technical training alone. The high 
 purpose of the college must ever be to make manhood. The 
 Allegheny of the future will be true to its original aim and its 
 great opportunity, if it be content to remain a flrst-class col- 
 lege devoted to the development of scholarship and the forma- 
 tion of character. 
 
 Dr. Charles Bayard Mitchell, '70, pastor of the St. James 
 Methodist Episcopal Church, of Chicago, spoke in behalf of the 
 alumni. He said in part: 
 
 "Has it paid to keep this college running for one hundred years? 
 The justification is found in its alumni. But my purpose today is to 
 express the debt of gratitude we owe to old Allegheny. The aggregate 
 of information gained here is the least for which we give thanks. 
 There as the ability to think accurately and to reason logically, the 
 raising the standard of human friendships, the introduction to a vaster 
 world in which to live, the admission into the charmed circle of 
 culture and scholarship, in fine, the preparation of men and women 
 for that sort of leadership in all high and noble adventures which are 
 employed for the redemption and elevation of the race. 
 
 We here learned the value of the related life. The value of life 
 depends upon its articulations. The student who later makes a suc- 
 cess must master the art of human approach. His influence and place 
 will also depend upon his relation to some great and worthy enter- 
 prise. The alumni of Allegheny who have joined themselves to big 
 things have grown large by the very contact. We are indebted to this 
 
 I 530 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Christian college for teaching us that all things not inherently evil in 
 themselves should be restored to spiritual ends and uses. We learned 
 the reconciliation of the Epicurean and Stoic philosophies. There is a 
 true mastery of living, inspired by the Divine Teacher, who hath given 
 us freely all things to enjoy. 
 
 Here in the Christian college we were taught the true conception 
 of the religious life, that it tends to increase and not to restraint. 
 The essential thing of life is its regulating motive. Each age must 
 apprehend eternal truth in new and vital ways. The Christian college 
 taught us that the imperative need is not a gospel of defense, but a 
 gospel in motion, in masterful touch with all human achievement and 
 activity. The supreme function of the college is not to irain the 
 mind, but to give to existence the highest motive. The vast war of 
 today proves that this world needs to feel the grip of a mighty moral 
 passion. Old Allegheny has been ever teaching her children that life, 
 filled with the spirit of love, will always and everywhere be safe, 
 strong and helpful. It will have dominion." 
 
 Professor YV. A. Elliott, '89, representing the Faculty, took 
 the theme of the Teacher's Task. He said that while in educa- 
 tion the demand, the processes and the material are different 
 from those of former college generations, the work to be done 
 by the teacher was much the same. It is his task to prepare 
 the student for efficient living. 
 
 "The college cannot give an infallible equipment to a youth for 
 the material activities of adult years. It can impart a sensitiveness to 
 beauty, a loyalty to truth, a hunger and thirst after righteousness, a 
 passion for humanity that shall be a resource for himself and a spring 
 of blessing for others all his days. We are proud today as we scan 
 the long list of men and women who have made our Mother's name 
 known around the globe. We applaud them as they stand on the 
 peaks of eminence in literature, in pulpit, on the bench ; and in the 
 busy marts of commerce. But they are and must be the exceptional 
 few. The humbler masses of Allegheny's children who with the high 
 heroism of low estate are carrying light and courage to their own 
 little communities, these are the college's choice possessions, its pride 
 and its justification." 
 
 The affection of several groups of alumni for their alma 
 mater and those associated with it in various capacities took 
 expression during the Centennial in the placing of four me- 
 morial tablets in Bentley Hall. These were unveiled with 
 appropriate ceremony, first the graduating class of 1915 pre- 
 senting a tablet, bearing the names of seventy-five founders. 
 
 [ 531 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 The class of 1893 had prepared a portrait etching in bronze 
 of President D. IL Wheeler and set it in the outer wall of 
 the east portico of Bentley. The sentiment of the donors was 
 thus expressed by Professor B. A. Heydrick of New York: 
 
 "We come here today to do honor to one who has a rhree-fold 
 claim to our reverence. Dr, Wheeler was first a scholar, and a 
 scholar of no narrow type. He taught Greek because he loved it; he 
 taught Economics and Political Science, subjects confined then to 
 universities largely; he taught Literature as one who led us into 
 pleasant pastures. A scholar himself, he sought for scholarship i:i 
 selecting his Faculty, getting men specially trained. He was not only 
 a scholar, but a teacher of rare power. To him might well be applied 
 the praise that Chaucer long ago gave the student of Oxford: 'Gladly 
 would he learn and gladly teach'. 
 
 Tablet to Dr. Wheeler 
 
 f 552 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 But mere scholarship counts for little in human worth. I like to 
 think of Dr. Wheeler as one who was always a gentleman. A fine cour- 
 tesy, a native fineness of nature, a dignity that ennobled even com- 
 mon acts, was his distinguishing characteristic. In his dealings with 
 the students he was always frank, always fair, and always kind. He 
 gave a great deal of liberty. Somehow we heard very little of rules; 
 he seemed to place the fullest confidence in us. And so we pay 
 tribute today to one who bore unsullied the grand old name of gentle- 
 man. ^ 
 
 There is a third aspect of his character that is indicated by the 
 inscription on this tablet. We admire him as a scholar, we loved him as 
 a gentleman, and we revere him as a Christian. His appearance as 
 preacher in any of the churches drew many of the student body to 
 hear him. We felt that he was one upon whose path a great light 
 shone and were fain to follow in his footsteps even as he followed 
 the Master. 
 
 In recognition of the fact that for ten years he was a potent 
 force in moulding young manhood and womanhood at Alleghmy Col- 
 lege, we have placed here this tablet bearing his image in deathless 
 bronze. To us who knew him, no outward sign is necessary to keep 
 bis memory forever in our hearts. But we wish that those who come 
 after us may know that in these halls a great spirit once dwelt. It 
 was the privilege of the class oi 1893 to be the last to graduaie under 
 Dr. Wheeler's presidency; it seemed fitting therefore that wc should 
 pay this tribute to the man we all delight to honor, presenting this 
 tablet as a sacred trust to commemorate the best loved president of 
 Allegheny College." 
 
 In behalf of the Trustees, Mr. J. V. Colter accepted the 
 gift in fitly chosen words, thanking the class of 1893, for its 
 affectionate service upon the one hundredth aniversary in 
 calling attention to the debt the college owed to President 
 Wheeler. 
 
 A memorial to William McKinley, formerly a student, was 
 placed upon the wall of the stairway leading to the former 
 society halls. A hundred students on Sept. 25, 1890, had made 
 a pilgrimage to the Canton home of the nominee for the Presi- 
 dency of the United States. By the energy and loyalty of Mr. 
 Hon M. Larrabee of Williamsport, Pa., this college company 
 had the tablet prepared. In his presentation remarks, Mr. 
 Larrabee said in part: 
 
 "This tablet is unique among college memorials in that it expresses 
 not what the alumni say of William McKinley, but what the martyred 
 
 [ 553 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 President said of his stu- 
 dent days of Allegheny. 
 While any of the classes in 
 college at the time of his 
 presidency of the nation 
 would be proud to present 
 this token of honor to a 
 former student, it was 
 strongly felt that this priv- 
 ilege should be reserved 
 for those who grasped his 
 hand at Canton on the 
 September day and heard 
 his praise of the college. 
 
 We trust that this tablet 
 will remind the coming 
 generations of students 
 that a strong, clean man 
 like McKinley once at- 
 tended classes in these 
 halls and gained some of 
 the moral and mental 
 
 1 RECALL WITH SENSATIONS OF PLEASURE 
 
 ANO SATISFACTION THE TIME I SPENT IN 
 
 ALLEGHENY COLLECE. 
 
 IT IS AMONG THE PLEASANTEST MEMORIES 
 
 OF MY LIFE. 
 
 I ALSO RECALL THE YOONC MEN WHO WENT 
 
 OUT FROM THAT SPLENDID INSTITUTION 
 
 TO BATTLE FOR THEIR COUNTRY - YOUNC 
 
 MEN WHO WERE OF OUR COUNTRY^ BEST" 
 
 FROM AN ADDRESS BY WILLIAM M C KINLEY 
 
 AT CANTON. OHIO, SEPTEMBER 25. 1896 
 
 TO A VISITING DELEGATION OF ALLEGHENY 
 
 COLLEGE STUDENTS- 
 
 THtS TA3U7 CRECTH) IN JUNE 19)5. BY 
 
 The McKinley Tablet 
 
 power that served him so 
 well during his distinguished career. William McKinley was a man who 
 combined greatness with gentleness. He is so well beloved by the 
 American people that on the anniversary of his natal day multitudes 
 wear a carnation in his memory. Would it not be fitting here in this 
 college that every student and member of the Faculty put on the 
 favorite flower of Allegheny's illustrious son?" 
 
 In behalf of the Trustees, President F. A. Arter of the 
 Board, a graduate of the civil war period, acknowledged the 
 gift of the memorial, expressing his personal admiration for 
 McKinley as one of the best statesmen of modern times. 
 
 The alumni of the engineering classes as an expression 
 of their affection for the late Professor Button placed an 
 attractive tablet in the central corridor of Bentley, near the 
 entrance of the class room he occupied for many years. At 
 ils unveiling, Mr. Arthur AN'. Thompson, '!7. vice-president of 
 the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, tlins spoke: 
 
 Mr. President, honorable trustees, and fellow alumni: 
 We are gathered today in performance of a grateful duty to pay 
 deserved homage to the memory of a good man, the late Professor 
 William Tenney Dutton. Twenty-four years of his useful life were 
 
 [ 554 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 ENNEYDUIION 
 
 PROFESSOR OF MATHEMATICS 
 AND CIVIL ENGINEERING 
 
 DO r- 1914 
 
 >PR0FESS0R,MATURE 
 CHOLAR. LOYAL FRIEND 
 10SEP ; AND WORK ARE 
 
 ;art 
 
 passed as an instructor 
 within the walls of this 
 institution, years replete 
 with human sympathy and 
 understanding, tilled with 
 devotion to duty, sweet- 
 ened and chastened by 
 acts of self-abnegation, and 
 rounded out and mellowed 
 by a love for his fellow- 
 man that was holy, and a 
 beautiful, trusting faith in 
 the wisdom, care and 
 mercy of God, the Great 
 Teacher of the Universe. 
 We, alumni of the engi- 
 neering classes of old Alle- 
 gheny College, in present- 
 ing to its president and 
 trustees, this tablet com- 
 memorative of professor 
 Dutton, feel that they re- 
 alize, with us, that neither 
 bronze nor stone are requi- 
 site to enduring remem- 
 brance in their and our 
 minds of the rare qualities In Memory of Professor Dutton 
 
 of head and heart which made him so attractive to men. These attri- 
 butes were to us a refuge in stress and storm, affording comfort and 
 encouragement in the battle of life and they are forever engraven upon 
 the tablets of our memory. 
 
 While this piece of bronze is not necessary for the maintenance of 
 our reverent affection for the memory of Professor Dutton, it will 
 serve notice upon the passing visitor and upon posterity that here was 
 a man distinguished among a college faculty, all ranking high among 
 educators, a man regarded with veneration by his fellowmen, whose 
 pupils adopted this means of apprising unborn generations of the im- 
 press he had made upon them, and of the desire to perpetuate his 
 memory after they themselves have passed away. 
 
 Professor Dutton's maxim in life might be embodied in these 
 words: "Duty, Love, Loyalty.' 7 His loyalty to Allegheny College 
 and his love for her were boundless, and his conception of duty was 
 that it had no limits. Those characteristics manifested toward the 
 college as an institution found individual expression in the ciass room, 
 as applied to his students. When teaching, the students of Mie Engin- 
 

 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 eering Department were to him the Allegheny College in concrete. 
 Their advancement meant added lustre and glory for the institution; 
 conversely, that which contributed to the forwardness of the college 
 meant opportunities for the Engineering Department, so that they 
 bore for him the aspect of being inseparable and indivisable. 
 
 To those who did not have the personal acquaintance of this grand 
 old man, this memorial will serve to call attention to the reverence in 
 which the Engineering alumni of this college hold his memory, and 
 may stimulate in the minds of students now here, and yet to be, a 
 knowledge of the possibilities of close relationship between teacher 
 and students and the great good that proceeds from such, friendship. 
 
 Professor Dutton was endowed with great good sense and truth 
 and courage. His moral life was as clear and pure as the crystal 
 spring at its source. It was rich in the graciousness of Christian 
 faith and practice. Of contemplative mind, he thought much of the 
 Unknown Beyond, and in the shadow of the silent night the thought 
 often came to him, "Tomorrow's sun to thee may never rise." There- 
 fore he was always prepared, and when came the end, not the dark- 
 ness of the grave but the eternal light of never-ending morning settled 
 upon his head. 
 
 And now. Dr. Crawford, to you representing the Board of Trustees } 
 on behalf of the Engineering alumni of the college who cherish a deep 
 feeling of gratitude toward their Alma Mater. 1 have the pleasure and 
 honor of presenting this tablet, sacred to the memory of their patron 
 and professor, William Tenney Dutton." 
 
 President Crawford accepted the testimonial of the engi- 
 neers, saying that the memorial would be prized by all groups 
 of alumni and students, since Professor Dutton had been a 
 man of wide sympathies, interested deeply in all relationships 
 of the college. 
 
 An historical pageant participated in by four hundred 
 undergraduates was the contribution of the alumni organiza- 
 tion to the anniversary week. Three times at an effective hour 
 of the afternoon upon the campus the drama of the one hun- 
 dred years of Allegheny College was enacted. A wide public 
 attention had been focused upon the event because of the 
 unique insurance of the play against rain with Lloyds of Lon- 
 don. The local interest and co-operation had never been 
 excelled. 
 
 The performances were so ambitious and so intricate that 
 nothing less than the most elaborate and painstaking prepa- 
 
 [ :>:>c> ]
 
 HISTOKY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 ration could have secured the high success which the enthusi- 
 astic spectators testified to have been attained. A great stand 
 with a seating capacity of three thousand was erected in the 
 lower border of the campus near the President's residence. 
 The stage was the raised green sward at the edge of the pines 
 
 Site of the Pageant 
 
 in front of Kent ley Hall. The costumes, six hundred in 
 number, were designed and made in Meadville, being accurate 
 reproductions of the periods portrayed. A committee on stage 
 properties was kept busy many weeks. 
 
 George P. Baker, professor of Dramatic Literature in Har- 
 vard University, the author of the text of the pageant, was also 
 the pageant-master. While the drilling of the students in the 
 music of the performance had been in progress for two months, 
 it was quite a marvel that in a fortnight, under the direction 
 of the dramatic leader, the parts were thoroughly learned and 
 ready The finished, excellent acting of individuals and of 
 groups supplied striking evidence of the ability and the spirit 
 of the Allegheny student, qualities to which the master gave 
 hearty public praise. 
 
 [ 557 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Unlike previous pageants in America, where the orchestra 
 had been used, the experiment was tried at this time of having 
 a band. It was necessary to assemble a score and more of 
 skilled musicians from Pittsburgh and Cleveland in addition 
 to the local talent. This group of men. by their competent 
 playing, contributed signally to the ideal completeness of the 
 artistic rendition. The vocal music- was equally effective both 
 in the large chorus parts and in the solo work. The majesty 
 of the "Alma Mater Beatissima,'" as sung by the Class of 1915, 
 will not be forgotten, while the ''Raw Recruits." charged with 
 the spirit of '01. had a lilt that set every pulse aglow. 
 
 No little of the charm of each performance came from the 
 natural beauty of the college grounds and from the ensemble 
 of buildings witli their clever adaptation for the stage en- 
 trances and spectacular effects. Stately old Bentley Hall was 
 an ideal stage property. The ravine, the rustic bridge, the fine 
 ancient trees, every structure and every distant slope were 
 utilized. Auspicious atmospheric conditions and the closing 
 hours of the June days gave the final, essential touch. 
 
 The plot of the pageant was a comprehensive one. The 
 dramatist ably employed the background of early Western 
 Pennsylvania history, the startling incidents of pioneer and 
 Indian experience, together with the chief scenic possibilities 
 that mark the changing fortunes of Allegheny. The play was 
 admirably interpretative of that which is picturesque and 
 noble in the history of the college. 
 
 The germ idea from which Professor Raker evolved the. 
 story is the sentiment graven in Hebrew on tin 1 original college 
 seal. "The desert shall rejoice and blossom as the rose." This 
 had been used by the Rev. Timothy Alden as the text of an 
 opening Nineteenth Century sermon at Portsmouth, N. H 
 Jan. 4. 1801. The words from the prophet Isaiah are truly 
 expressive of the vision and the mission of the man who be- 
 came a pioneer among the educators of the West beyond the 
 A t hint ic seaboard. 
 
 The story was unfolded with an historic and artistic con- 
 tinuity under four leading divisions: "The Wilderness, 1 T.~:>- 
 1703;" "The Planting. 1S14-1831 ;" "The Blossoming, 183343;" 
 
 | 558 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 "The Rose, 1843 ." Each of these periods was set forth in 
 
 a series of episodes, such as the Hartmann Family Massacre, 
 the Garden of Rev. William Rentier, Alden and Cornplanter, 
 the Resignation of Alden, Muster Day on the Diamond and 
 the Second Closing of the College. 
 
 While the action of the play was generally spirited, it was 
 diversified with scenes of pathos and moments of high patriot- 
 ism and of deep devotion to the cause of learning, as well as 
 with incidents of much merriment. A religious note was 
 dominant through the entire presentation. This was promoted 
 subtly and strongly by certain musical features of the pageant. 
 
 The master motif was first expressed in words in the 
 second episode' of the Wilderness theme in ther song of the 
 Hartmann family. The introduction of the melody, however, 
 was sounded by the band in the opening overture. Its lofty 
 musical thought and spiritual atmosphere put the hearer into 
 a reverent attitude for the impressive events which followed. 
 
 It was an old German melody, a choral known as "Allein 
 mid doch nicht ganz alleine," that the Hartmanns sang. The 
 tune was composed by Georg Xewmarck at Kiel in Kill. Rach 
 based one of his cantatas upon it, "Gott ist unsre Zuversicht." 
 Mendelssohn made use of it in his oratorio of St. Raul, in the 
 choral No. 0, at the death of Stephen in the words, "To Thee, 
 O Lord, 1 yield my spirit." 
 
 This motif has a certain tempered solidarity of tone and 
 was employed by Rrofessor Raker as an integral element in 
 all the solemn and beautiful speeches of the play. It was 
 likewise expressive and highly developed in the band parts as 
 well as in the choral numbers. The music performed its true 
 function as the helpmate of the drama, raising the words of 
 the pageant to a higher power by giving them a greater emo- 
 tional vitality than they possessed of themselves. The musical 
 parts of the pageant were arranged and conducted by Mr. 
 Charles Roepper, of Roston, who was also the skillful leader 
 of the band. 
 
 The initial episode of the pageant, true to legend, presented 
 George Washington and his two guides, returning from his 
 mission to Ft. Le Roeuf in 1753. The old tale has it that the 
 
 [ 550 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 youthful diplomat eu route had drunk from a spring on the 
 edge of the campus. The trackless wilderness having been 
 thus portrayed, the pioneer settlers were next introduced and 
 the perils of the frontier life startlingly set forth in the 
 attack of the Indians. 
 
 The home scene of the Hartmann father and the two small 
 girls at their reading lesson from the Bible indicated the lack 
 of schools in the new region. Here was sung the haunting 
 melody of devotion, 
 
 "Alone and yet not all alone 
 Am I in this great loneliness; 
 When I my solitude bemoan, 
 God cheers the hours of my distress. 
 
 I am with Him and He with me, 
 
 I fear no lonely destiny.'' 
 
 The stealthy approach of the war-painted savages through 
 the ravine ended in the massacre of father and son. The 
 children, taken into captivity, were brought for exchange after 
 several years and the stanza of "Alone and yet not all alone," 
 sung before the long-frenzied Mother Hartmann, resulted in 
 the recognition and the restoration of the daughter. This 
 third episode was marked by brilliant color contrasts in the 
 gay British trappings, the colonial uniforms and the many- 
 hued attire of the pitiful captives. The eye was entranced by 
 the kaleideoscopic richness and variety. 
 
 The scene of the stockade in Meadville in 1794 presented 
 an intimate picture of the first resident families of Mead, 
 
 Dick, Van Horn and 
 Dickson. The sport 
 and the song of the 
 children were win- 
 some incidents, while 
 1lie simple devotion 
 of the pioneers in 
 the midst of Indian 
 alarm was revealed 
 in the exquisite mel- 
 
 >G0 ]
 
 .IIIHTOUY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 ody given about the supper table by a double quartette of ex- 
 cellent voices. 
 
 "The night is come wherein at last we rest, 
 God order this and all things for the best! 
 Beneath His blessing fearless may we lie, 
 Since He is nigh.'' 
 
 The Wilderness theme may have seemed prolonged, but it 
 placed an adequate emphasis upon the difficulties that awaited 
 the Founder of the college. The second division, "The Plant- 
 ing,'' brought the action to the intimate historic features of 
 the pageant, revealing the attractive personality of Timothy 
 Alden and the fulfillment of his mission. 
 
 The episode of the "Garden of Rev. William Bentley" in 
 Salem, Mass., 1S14, abounded in delicate touches of character 
 delineation. The lines of the author set forth with fine sym- 
 pathy the idosyncracies of the gifted pastor of the East 
 Church. Now appears his friend, the Harvard man with a 
 
 vision and with a plan of a 
 new seminary of learning. 
 The portrayal of Timothy 
 Alden had been assigned to 
 Elmer W. Hickman, '10, 
 and his masterly concep- 
 tion of the Founder and 
 first president of Allegheny 
 was by the fitness of things 
 the best dramatic work of 
 the play. 
 
 The words of Alden 
 revealed the educational 
 planting in western Penn- 
 sylvania to be the dearest 
 ambition of his career, 
 though he took no thought 
 of his own personal profit 
 or reward. The active 
 Hickman as Aiden sympathy of Bentley was 
 
 [ l ] 
 
 
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 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 fr. , 
 
 m*fa 
 
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 xm*\ 

 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 further challenged by the startling- petition that a portion of 
 the famous Salem library be left to the college. It was indeed 
 a cheering, if non-committal reply that followed : "You have 
 been thinking forward, friend Timothy. Wed, why not? 
 Why not?" 
 
 The heart of the Allegheny story lived again upon the 
 campus stage in the Foundation Meeting of June 20. 1815, 
 when fifteen worthies of the village in ancient garb gathered 
 in the log court house at early candle lighting. Thither came 
 Mead, the pioneer; Atkinson, the editor; Farrelly, a power in 
 politics; Moore, president judge; Samuel Lord, extensive land 
 owner; the public-spirited Reynolds, the liberal Lefevre, Dr. 
 Bemus, genial and piquant; Roger Alden. practical and mas- 
 terful, and Timothy Alden. enthusiast, eloquent for the project 
 of the evening. In each figure was indicated a man of marked 
 personality. 
 
 The deliberations were animated, the lines of the vigorous 
 debate being largely taken from the historic resolutions 
 adopted that long ago June day and from the prospectus 
 issued by the college. The business of creating an institution 
 was done with despatch. The appeal to local pride met at 
 once with generous pledges and the solid support of the com- 
 munity was given to the ambitious enterprise. General Mead 
 was made in rising to say: "I nominate for the first presi- 
 dent of Allegheny College the man in whose brain it had 
 inception; who. coming among us, has kindled our interest in 
 it; who has seen no difficulties where we have felt them insur- 
 mountable; the man who has made this meeting possible." 
 
 The president-elect with prophet's eye made reply, "Our 
 action tonight will provide this section of our country with a 
 needed opportunity for higher education and is the begin- 
 ning of an institution which 1 hope will take a worthy place 
 beside the twenty or thirty colleges now existing in the United 
 States." 
 
 The missionary zeal of Alden and his several tours to the 
 Indian country were strikingly featured in the episode at the 
 
 f .-,<;:> ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 village of the noted Seneca 
 chief, Cornplanter, on the 
 upper Allegheny river. The 
 companion of the trip was 
 the elder son, T. J. Fox 
 Alden. The dance before the 
 wooden idol by the braves 
 and women was exceedingly 
 picturesque. But the plea 
 of the missionary to the 
 warrior in behalf of the 
 Christian faith and the 
 promise of education for the 
 Indian youth induced Corn- 
 planter to have his tribe 
 destroy the image of the god 
 of war and swear allegiance 
 to the Great Spirit of the 
 white man. 
 
 The first of the four large spectacular effects of the pageant 
 and the one of deep historical significance was the laying of 
 the corner-stone of Bentley. This was a faithful reproduction 
 of the event of July 5, 1S20, which had enlisted upon that 
 occasion the best efforts of the entire population of Meadville. 
 The mimic procession moved up the hill along the original 
 route and its coming was heralded by the solemn strains of 
 the hymn Xewburgh. rendered by the pageant band. Then 
 filed into view as of yore the Meadville Blues and following 
 them through the college gate, all singing as they marched, 
 were the male pupils of the schools, Allegheny students with 
 the sprig of laurel, public officials, misses of the academy, 
 ladies of the village, clergymen, benefactors, trustees, Masons 
 and Knights Templar. 
 
 The groups divided and countermarched while the path of 
 the dignitaries advancing to the stage was strewn with flowers. 
 The Masonic ceremony, commemorative of the loyalty of Dr. 
 Bentley to his fraternity, was observed with scrupulous exact- 
 
 [ 563 ] 
 
 Cornplanter and Guide
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 ness in the formal placing of the corner-stone. President 
 Alden next delivered an elaborate oration, expressing grati- 
 tude to God for His favor to the nation, acknowledging the 
 generosity of the friends of the college, and praising the 
 beauty of its location above the valley of Cnssewago. He 
 dedicated the institution yet so young to an eternal warfare 
 on The two malign forces, condemned by William Bentley, 
 superstition arising from an ignorance of natural laws and 
 bigotry arising from an ignorance of mankind. 
 
 The assemblage gave the 77th Psalm to the devout tune of 
 Mear, then the procession reformed and moved away in 
 majesty to the concluding refrains of Xewburgh. This ever 
 vital scene must linger in many a memory as one of the 
 choicest treasures of the Allegheny drama, and those who wit- 
 nessed its enactment will in the future look on old! Bentley 
 with a new reverence and love. 
 
 The climax of the tragedy of the right of Alden against 
 overwhelming odds in establishing the college was depicted 
 in the pathetic episode of his resignation from the presidency. 
 Emerging from the building whose walls had arisen under his 
 watchful solicitude, he locked the door of the central portal 
 of Bentley for the last time and with faltering step came to 
 the interview with John Reynolds and David Dick, represen- 
 tatives of the trustees. In his hand Alden bore the letter of 
 farewell, dated from his beloved Hall, therein expressing his 
 belief that his part as an instrument in the hands of God for 
 building up a seminary was at an end. 
 
 The Founder confessed to his two friends, "I have put 
 pride aside in the past and appealed to friends ami strangers 
 for aid in money and books. Now, I am bankrupt of devices, 
 of courage, and of hope.'' The college keys were given over 
 to the secretary to be placed in other hands able to make tin 1 
 dream of a college real. Declining the invitation of Reynolds 
 to accompany him back to the village, Timothy Alden bowed 
 in body and in spirit made his way across the bridge over the 
 ravine and was lost to view in the trees beyond, whilst the 
 motif melody of ''Alone and yet not all alone," sounded 
 through the evening stillness like a requiem. 
 
 [ 505 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 The audiences of each of the three days were profoundly 
 moved as this scene was given. Hickman, '16. was at his 
 best in his sympathetic interpretation of the first president at 
 the moment of surrender. In the surge of deep feeling in the 
 hearts of the spectators Alden never seemed so heroic as in 
 the midst of defeat. By the drama's aid lie received his 
 apotheosis. The name of Alden is forever the highest in Alle- 
 gheny because of what he aspired to accomplish. 
 
 The third division of the play was "The Blossoming/' and 
 its first episode was the placing of Allegheny under the pat- 
 ronage of the Methodists of the Pittsburgh Conference. Bishop 
 Robert Roberts, Dr. Martin Ruter. Homer J. Clark. Joseph 
 Bnrris. Alfred Brunson, Zerah H. Coston with other clericals 
 rode on To the campus in True itinerant style. Dismounting, 
 they received from the trustees the keys of the college. The 
 Methodists told of their ambitious program for the conduct of 
 the institution and the new president agreed to maintain its 
 liberal principles. 
 
 Dr. Clark rejoiced in the standard established under 
 Alden. that Christian faith and higher education must be 
 inseparable, and predicted that in the new era the college 
 would increasingly train men for service at home and abroad. 
 Barris. as the company mounted The sTeps of Benfley, made 
 the prophetic utterance, "Even if you must give up being a 
 missionary yourself. Dr. Ruter, von are to be here the head 
 of an instil ution which in all probability will train many who 
 shall reclaim the heathen." 
 
 Muster Day on the Diamond, June, 1838, was a highly 
 diverting interlude. It was a jolly affair brimful of action 
 and color. The life of the village disported itself on the public 
 green in delicious naivete. The small boy. town characters 
 and belles in the gowns of the period were there. The firs'" 
 soldiery on the scene was the awkward citizens militia and 
 the students grotesquely armed with the products of their 
 Manual Labor System. Youth and beauty being present, and 
 the convenient tiddler, soon there was a gay tripping on the 
 turf to the time of "I'op goes the weasel." 
 
 Then life and drum were heard and there swung into the 
 
 f r,<;(; i
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 parade ground in gorgeous uniforms the Meadville Greys, the 
 Cussewago Kifles and the Saegertown Guards with the Artil- 
 lery and the Dragoons bringing up the rear. The reviewing 
 start" came forward and a spirited drill by companies and 
 battalion ensued. The several hundred on the stage in their 
 artistic contrast made this episode intensely pleasing to the 
 eye. 
 
 The second closing of the college in August, 1843, was 
 staged in a brief incident in which President Clark set forth 
 Ins scholarship plan as the feasible means to secure an endow- 
 ment. The first reports of subscriptions having been received, 
 the leader started on his financial campaign firm in the faith 
 that "Bentley would open its doors again soon to an uninter- 
 rupted success." 
 
 The third large spectacular feature of the pageant was 
 the patriotic episode of the farewell on the campus to the Alle- 
 gheny College Company in dune, 1861. The Faculty, ladies' 
 societies and populace were massed in front of Bentley. The 
 soldier boys in nondescript attire came swinging over the 
 road to the words of the "Raw Recruits," a rollicking, popular 
 air of the day. After all had advanced to the open lawn, the 
 "Handy Bellies" and the havelocks were presented as upon 
 the brave eleventh of June of bygone years. 
 
 The original battle flag with its inscription "Semper 
 
 Presentation of Flag: to College Company 
 
 [ 567 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Fidelis" was then intrusted to the college boys by Miss Hattie 
 Bain, a part played by Miss Marian Thomas. President 
 Looinis with fervent loyalty pronounced the parting message, 
 "Gome back with the flag, boys, or come back wrapped in its 
 folds.'' After the benediction a deep silence fell, until at the 
 sharp command of Captain Aver the company with final salute 
 passed the president, while the women and children, waving 
 handkerchiefs, laughing, applauding and not a few in tears 
 followed them to the gate. 
 
 The years of Allegheny since the Civil War were repre- 
 sented in symbolism. "The Rose'' was the caption of the last 
 division of the pageant. In dignity, majesty and rich imagery 
 it made a brilliant finale to the drama. The Centennial Class 
 held the place of honor. Just as the shadows lengthened on 
 the Hill, the one hundred members in white academic robes 
 marched through the floral arch as they sang in magnificent 
 volume the college hymn, "Alma Mater Beatissima." 
 
 Fair Allegheny, yonder on the Hill, 
 Through all the ages, our hearts are turning still 
 In love to thee, and so they ever will, 
 O, Alma Mater, Beatissima. 
 
 Warm rests the sun, so soft on wall and vine; 
 No air in all the world can equal thine. 
 Again we flame our torches at thy shrine, 
 O. Alma Mater, Beatissima. 
 
 As Nineteen Fifteen took position at the rear of the stage, 
 Allegheny, a figure in bine ami gold, impersonated by Miss 
 Marian Whipple, '10, entered from Bent lev. On her right she 
 was joined by Faith, impersonated by Miss Elizabeth Best. 
 'HI, whose robe was red. ;i feather of flame in her hair and in 
 her hand a sword of gold. On the left came Hope, clad in 
 pale green and carrying lilies, impersonated by Miss Esta 
 Ebangh, 'lo. The trio was then approached from either side 
 by Sacred Learning, a monkish figure with a parchment, im- 
 personated by II. L. Askey, '15, and bv Learning Not Sacred, 
 a Venetian garbed scholar with a crucible, impersonated bv
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 C. H. Stevenson, '1G. The two male figures bore lighted 
 torches. 
 
 These personages, attended by the Faculty of the college, 
 reach the from of the stage. Then at the gesture of com- 
 mand from Allegheny. Memory in blue and silver, with crystal 
 ball, portrayed by Miss Leona Rial, 'Hi. stepped forward. 
 Memory in turn summoned History, a figure in green and gold, 
 bearing a tablet, portrayed by Miss Esther Stone, Ml, who 
 beckoned imperiously from the past eight notable groups that 
 had played a part in the annals of the hundred years of the 
 college institution. 
 
 Now rose into view Washington, followed by the Meadville 
 Blues. Then Timothy Alden led the founders of the college. 
 He approached the figures typifying the two Learnings, who 
 yielded to him the lighted torches which he placed in the 
 hands of Allegheny. She in turn passed the flaming emblems 
 into the keeping of Faith and Hope. Next appeared in order 
 the ladies of 1820, the survivors of the military companies and 
 the women of the Civil War Period. 
 
 The sixth group consisted of the converts of missionaries 
 front Allegheny. Alden headed the procession with a band of 
 American Indians. He was followed by President Ruter, 
 Vice-President Bishop Matthew Simpson, Bishop Calvin 
 Kingsley, Jabez Burton, Doctors Doering, Long, Mansell and 
 Wattgh. Texan men and women. Mexicans, negroes from Li- 
 beria, Fast Indian men and women, Chinese, Japanese and 
 Filipinos. The seventh group was the boys in grey, Allegheny 
 boys serving in the Confederacy in 1801, who met and saluted 
 the volunteers in khaki of the Spanish War of 1808. 
 
 The final group represented the years of coeducation in 
 Allegheny. Forty-five young women, each wearing the appro- 
 priate costume for the consecutive years from 1870, came up- 
 on the stage in the design of a flying wedge. History, yet 
 holding sway, concentrated attention in her symbolic teaching 
 on the events since 1803, the beginning of the administration 
 of President Crawford. The appropriate years advancing 
 from the Memory group bore gifts, the models of seven build- 
 ings erected on the campus during this period, and placed 
 
 [ 500 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 them before Allegheny. When the historic review was com- 
 plete, the groups marched and countermarched to the beautiful 
 music of "Alone and yet not all alone." 
 
 The climax of The scene was the rendition of the anthem, 
 "And the Wilderness shall rejoice," composed for the cele- 
 bration by Professor Edward B. Hill, of Boston. All the four 
 hundred voices of the cast being engaged made it an impres- 
 sive number. The character of this music of the finale was 
 so unlike the motif of the preceding scenes, a chorale in uni- 
 son, of austere simplicity, that it taxed the audience to adjust 
 itself readily to the theme. The anthem was written in eight 
 parts, but the separation of the groups, as they sang, tended 
 somewhat to lessen the fine ensemble effect and full volume 
 designed by the composer. It was a difficult selection, highly 
 technical, and brilliant in style. It will remain a splendid 
 fruitage of the Centennial, prized greatly by the college for it* 
 memories and its merit. 
 
 The anthem concluded, after the historical groups were 
 gone, Allegheny with her allegorical companions paused at the 
 central steps of Bentley. Then she gave the two torches to 
 the leaders of the line of the Century Class as it marched in 
 final review, singing "Alma Mater.'" Left alone a moment, 
 Allegheny entered last into the Hall of Bentley and the pag- 
 eant had ended. But the impressions and the lessons of this 
 drama have a permanent and enlarging value. The alumni 
 found the pnst of the old institution visualized as they never 
 before had conceived it; the undergraduates gained a truer 
 estimate of the evolution of the advantages they now enjoy; 
 the community of Meadville had a keener civic consciousness 
 in its admiration of its energetic and generous ancestors. 
 
 The co-operation of the many forces and persons needed to 
 prepare and to stage the ambitions performance was one of 
 the finest features attendant upon tin 1 pageant. Out of genu- 
 ine devotion to town and college, exceptional sacrifices of time 
 and labor were made. The boy scouts of Meadville gave excel- 
 lent service as guards on the campus. The chairmen of com 
 mittees were brilliantly efficient. The guarantors supplied 
 the essential financial backing of the project. Bui highest
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 praise was invariably conceded to Mr. Paul Sturtevant, '09, 
 the chairman of the main pageant committee. His enthusiasm, 
 persistence, attention to all details and splendid loyalty to 
 Allegheny insured a drama that forever ennobles and beau- 
 tifies the past of his college. 
 
 ALUMNI PROFESSIONAL CONFERENCES. 
 
 On Tuesday the alumni grouped by professions met in a 
 series of important conferences. The clergymen met in the 
 Library with L)r. T. H. Hagerty, '54, of St. Louis, Mo., pre- 
 siding and Rev. R. N. Merrill, of Westfield, X. Y., acting as 
 secretary. Dean S. S. Marquis, '90, of Detroit, Mich., spoke 
 on "The central theme in my experience in the ministry." 
 This he said to be regeneration. Legislation, education, social- 
 ization will not save. Men need the church to assist them to 
 get into touch with God. There were forty-seven present, 
 some of whom were Dr. 0. H. Stocking, '66; Dr. T. H. Wood- 
 ring, '73; Dr. 0. W. Miner, 'SI; Dr. D. W. Howell, '88; W. 
 L. Askue, '89; Harry Household, '89; Dr. J. W. Carey, '92; 
 IT. P. Johnson, '92; E. D. Mowrey, '93; II. K. Steele, '99; W. 
 L. Wilkenson, '99; J. R. Rich, '99; H. B. Potter, '00; H. O. 
 Critchlow, '02; J. B. Cook. '02; A. K. Travis, '02; Dr. IT. L. 
 Smith, '04; A. C. Saxman, '04; W. S. Trosh, '04; C. G. Farr, 
 '0r>; F. C Reynolds, '05; H. J. Wood, '05; T. K. Fornear, '00; 
 F M. Thompson. '00; Dr. S. W. Robinson, '07; C. T. Greer, 
 '08; R. P. Andrews, '08; L. C. Harris, '11; R. B. Litten. '12: 
 C S. Smith, '12, and E. T. English, '13. 
 
 The lawyers met in Bentley Hall with Judge John J. Hen- 
 derson, '02, presiding and W. B. Secrist, '00, of Pittsburgh, 
 acting as secretary. W. C. Wilson, '80, Claims Attorney of the 
 D. L. & W. Railway. New York City, made the address. 
 Thirty-five of the legal alumni were present. 
 
 The physicians met in Bentley with Dr. B. L. Millikin, 
 '74. rniversity of Pennsylvania, '79, of Cleveland, O., presid- 
 ing and Dr. Maxwell Lick, '08, University of Pennsylvania, 
 '12. of Erie, Pa., secretary. The chairman spoke on the many 
 changes in the science of medicine in recent years. Remin- 
 iscences were then exchanged and much advice given by the 
 
 [ 571 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 older to the younger practieioners. A committee was ap- 
 pointed to formulate a plan for a medical society of tin 1 
 alumni. Among those present were Dr. I-]. S. Blair. '84, Mich 
 igan, 'ST; Dr. L. L. Doane. '88, P. & S. Baltimore, '80; Dr 
 Ira .1. Dunn, '8(5, University of Pennsylvania. '91; Dr. Ella 
 D. Goff, '87, Boston. '91; Dr. J. M. Ward, '88, University of 
 Pennsylvania, '95; Dr. George S. Bay. '92, University of 
 Pennsylvania, '95; Dr. H. G. Harris, '0:5. New York Homo- 
 pathic, '12; Dr. W. B. Skelton. '03, Michigan. '01; Mrs. Edith 
 Steffener Stanka. '0:5. Michigan, ex. '10; Dr. C. O. Peters. '08. 
 University of Pennsylvania, '12; Dr. C. W. Elkins, '09. Johns 
 Hopkins, '13; Dr. H. H. Lamb, '10. University of Pittsburgh, 
 '15; E. P. Kennedy, '11, Western Beserve, '10. 
 
 The alumni in husiuess met at the Chamber of Commerce 
 with Mr. W. N. Bidge, '82, of New York, presiding and Mr. W. 
 A. Wilson. '90, of Meadville. acting as secretary. Mr. John 
 L. Porter, of Pittsburgh, made the address on the ideals and 
 achievements of the modern business man as compared with 
 twenty-five years ago. Mr. Frank A. Arter. '(54. of Cleveland, 
 spoke on the relation of the local business interests to the 
 college. The conference was highly profitable to the group of 
 f hirty and more present. 
 
 The engineers met in Buter Hall. In the absence of Mr. 
 F. T. Harrow. '00. of the C. B. & Q. By.. Mr. B. F. Miller. Jr., 
 '07. city engineer of Meadville. presided. Professor Karl A. 
 Miller. '07. was secretary. Thirty-six men were present and 
 the conference had for its discussion the future of the engi- 
 neering instruction in Allegheny. Mr. Arthur W. Thompson, 
 '07. vice-president of the B. & ().. gave an able address in 
 which he declared that the nature of the training in his alma 
 mater was peculiarly fitted to prepare men for executive posi- 
 tions. Specialization belonged to the universities, but Alle- 
 gheny offered a rare chance to students of moderate means. 
 Mr. W. S. Twining, '87, of New York, a former instructor in 
 engineering; Mr. J. W. Silliman, 'SO, of the Philadelphia Rapid 
 Transit Company; Mr. A. L. Baldwin, '00, of the U. S. Geo- 
 
 detic and Coast Survey; Mr. -I. K. II 1. '00, of the Great 
 
 Northern B. R., and Mr. C. S. Leet. '99, of the Bessemer and 
 
 I "72 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Lake Erie, spoke briefly in a similar vein. All agreed that 
 engineering had a valuable place in the college in coining 
 
 years. 
 
 Karl A. Miller, the instructor at present, described the 
 conditions in the department. He said that while an engi- 
 neering course was not described in the catalogue, Allegheny 
 was aide to turn ont well-rounded men who had a knowledge 
 of the fundamentals. Various subjects were taught as de- 
 mand was made for them. In the theoretical studies one 
 could become well grounded. In other departments of the 
 college he secured the training which is being urged by leading 
 modern engineers as a correction of the too technical curricu- 
 lum of strictly professional schools. There was organized 
 the \Y. T. Dutton Engineering Alumni Association of Alle- 
 gheny. 
 
 The missionaries, foreign and home, met in Bentley Hall, 
 a dozen being in attendance. Bishop James M. Thoburn, '57, 
 was chairman, and Miss Yernice Gelvin, '93, of Mexico, secre- 
 tary. Rev. George S. Miner, '80, of China, spoke on the pro- 
 digious progress of China in the last five years and the oppor- 
 tunity of the Christian Church of America, because of the 
 Chinese friendship for the United States. The mission fields 
 elsewhere were discussed by Dr. I']. A. Bell, '88; Mrs. W. P. 
 Murray, '88; Rev. 11. S. Leitzel, '12, and Bishop Thoburn. 
 
 The conference considered what can be done to interest the. 
 colleges more deeply in mission work. The group took the 
 following action: "We recommend that the Boards of Home 
 Missions and Foreign Missions employ and direct the work of 
 a secretary or secretaries competent to present the missionary 
 causes adequately to our Christian colleges." 
 
 The alumni engaged in social service were presided over 
 by Dr. F. C. Howe, '89, Commissioner of Immigration. Mr. 
 Leroy Peterson, '13, of New York, was the secretary and the 
 address given by Miss .Julia Schoenfeld, 'U~, of the Irene 
 Kaufman Settlement, Pittsburgh. The speaker discussed the 
 opportunities for social work today and made a plea for social 
 justice. A score of persons were at the conference. 
 
 The librarians met in flu; college library with Miss E. L. 
 
 [ 573 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Bascom, '!>4. of the Wisconsin Library Commission, presiding. 
 Miss Edith Rowley, '04, the librarian of Allegheny, was sec- 
 retary. The discussion on professional matters was opened 
 by Miss Sabra Vought, '99. 
 
 The teachers, whose number is legion in the alumni list, 
 had for its place of meeting Wilcox Hall. Dr. J. B. Rickey, 
 '89, superintendent of the McKeesport, Pa., Schools, was an- 
 nounced as chairman and Superintendent T. T. Allen. '02, of 
 Yandergrift, as secretary. Dr. F. S. Breed. 'OS, of the Univer- 
 sity of Michigan, was appointed to make the address. 
 
 A unique gathering of the week was comprised of those who 
 had entered college a half century and more ago. In the com- 
 pany that met in front of Bentley were Archibald McKean, '43, 
 Mercer; Dr. J. II. Hagerty. '54, St. Louis. Mo.; Col. J. W. H. 
 Reisinger, '56, Meadville; Harvey Henderson, Esq., '57, Pitts 
 burgh; Bishop J. M. Tlioburn, '57, Meadville; Rev. B. F. Delo, 
 '57. Clarion; Mr. Roe Reisinger. '58, Meadville; G. D. Brock. 
 Esq.. '59. Macon. Mo.; Dr. C. C. Carroll, 'GO, Meadville; Capt. 
 J. AY. Smith. '00, Meadville; Mr. F. AY. Hays, 'CI, Oil City; Air. 
 NY. G. "Wells. '61, Yonngstown. O. ; Dean A. C. Hickman. '62. 
 Minneapolis, Minn. ; Capt. Edward H. Henderson, '63, Mead- 
 ville; Dr. A. C. Johnson. '63, Blairsville; Air. Frank A. Arter. 
 '64. Cleveland. O. ; Dr. B. E. Edgell, '65, Newport, O. ; Dr. C. 
 H. Stocking, '66, Burton, O. ; Air. Newton Chalker. '66, Akron, 
 O.; Rev. W. A. Clark, "i;7. Meadville; Dr. R. AI. Freshwater, 
 '67, Cleveland. O. ; James P. Colter, Esq.. '67, Aleadville; Air. 
 G. L. McMillan, '68, Berea, O. ; Judge T. A. Lamb. 'Oil. Erie, 
 and AY. AI. Dight. Esq., '69, Grove City. 
 
 A gift highly pleasing to the alumni was the portrait of Dr. 
 Jonathan Hamnett. placed in the library by the kindness of the 
 Alisses Hamnett The likeness was taken in the ninetieth year 
 of the "grand old man" who for sixty-five years had served the 
 college. 
 
 THE CARNEGIE HALL OF CHEMISTRY 
 
 The laying of the corner stone of the Carnegie Hall of 
 Chemistry was a significant ceremony of Wednesday, witnessed 
 by a throng of alumni, guests of the college and visitors. Pro- 
 
 [ 574 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 vost Edgar Fahs Smith, of the University of Pennsylvania, 
 made the congratulatory address. The building was to be of 
 buff tapestry brick in Italian villa style, red tile roof, and with 
 interior of pressed steel. 
 
 Plan of Hall of Chemistry 
 
 A score of graduates had gone forth in the past quadren- 
 nium to important positions in research chemistry and sani- 
 tary laboratories, in manufacturing chemist plants, municipal 
 filtration plants and state water surveys. The generosity of 
 Mr. Andrew Carnegie with the] liberal additions of the Trus- 
 tees made sure a structure that in accommodations and equip- 
 ment would equal that of any technical institution in America. 
 The general chemistry laboratory was to be adequate for a 
 class of one hundred and forty. There were planned ten other 
 laboratories for research and advanced work in electro-chem- 
 istry, metallurgical chemistry, water, fuel and gas analysis and 
 agricultural chemistry. Dynamos in the building manufac- 
 ture power. 
 
 THE CONFERENCE ON THE AMERICAN COLEEGE 
 
 The program of the Centennial further brought to Mead- 
 ville a notable company of distinguished guests, the leaders of 
 higher education in various sections of the land. The purpose 
 of a two days' session was to consider the spirit, the function, 
 the problems and the future of the College of Liberal Arts in 
 America. Eleven addresses were made, the speakers being the 
 Commissioner of Education for the United States, seven well- 
 known presidents, the dean of America's oldest university, and 
 
 [ 575 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 two heads of departments in leading' institutions, east and 
 west, respectively. 
 
 The plans for this important symposium and the selection 
 of the representative participants evidenced the efficient super- 
 vision of President Crawford. It was a brilliant gathering and 
 a permanent record of it has been preserved in a volume edited 
 by the head of Allegheny and entitled "The American College". 
 By the terms of the invitation the forum was free and open, 
 yet with all the various angles from which the discussion pro- 
 ceeded, there was an impressive agreement in certain cardinal 
 things. 
 
 The conference began with the topic of what shall the col- 
 lege teach. Professor Paul Shorey, of Chicago, advocated the 
 claim of the classics; Professor Edwin G. Conkliu, of Prince- 
 ton, that of science; Dean Charles H. Haskins, of Harvard, 
 that of the newer humanities. Each deliverance of the three 
 was irenic in spirit. The evolution in the curriculum of the 
 typical liberal college provides fully for all these subjects. 
 None can be neglected, none are overstressed, each is the com- 
 plement of its fellows. No single group of studies is sufficient 
 for an education. 
 
 In the linguistic held the pursuit of a synthetic classical 
 language was said to give that technical discipline which emi- 
 nently developed the power of thought and expression. "Lit- 
 erary culture resembles travel and Hie frequentation of good 
 society in that it acquaints us with many ideas and harmonizes 
 them not by the goose-step of a system, but through the give 
 and take of civilized intercourse and the adjustments of* com- 
 mon sense and right feeling." 
 
 The physical and natural sciences possess both cultural and 
 technical worth, but in the estimate of Dr. Conklin the cultiva- 
 tion of the sciences had done more for the intellectual than 
 the material interests of men. The chief differences between 
 ancient and modern life are due to science. As one of the 
 divisions of learning, it has freed the student from the slavish 
 regard for authority; it has enlarged the field of thought; if 
 has magnified the love of truth, by reason of its first-hand 
 
 I 576 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 appeal to phenomena and its insistence upon seeing facts as 
 they are. 
 
 The newer humanities, namely history, economic, politics 
 and sociology, were described by the Dean of the Harvard 
 Graduate School as holding an intermediate place between the 
 older humanities and the natural sciences. Their subject 
 matter is human, while their method is scientific. They are 
 practical, not in the sense of leading to a livelihood, but as pre 
 paring for life. These studies which have come into the col- 
 lege curriculum largely in the past thirty years stir the imag- 
 ination, train the judgment and enrich the understanding. 
 
 "With the loss of the hold of the classics upon modern 
 students as the basis of general education," the social sciences 
 afford the chief opportunity to furnish the background and 
 breadth of view which the conceptions of culture today still 
 demand. ".But the teaching of the newer humanities has 
 been too cheap. What college has done for its library what it 
 lias done for its laboratories? How far do we provide in the 
 departments of history, government and economics the same 
 thoroughness of teaching and individualization of instruction 
 which is demanded in chemistry, biology and physics?" 
 
 The place of the college in the educational system was dis- 
 cussed by President Rush Rhees, of the University of Koch- 
 ester, in his address on "The College as a Preparation for 
 Professional Study;" by President Charles P. Thwing, of 
 Western Reserve University, in "The College as a Preparation 
 for Practical Affairs;" and by President Alexander Meikle- 
 john, of Amherst College, in "The Function of the College as 
 Distinct from the. Professional School and the University/' 
 
 Along with the modern broadening of the conception of 
 professional education, there has occurred an enrichment and 
 wide variety in college training. This growth was appraised 
 as contributing to the preparation for professional study an 
 influence for intellectual maturity. Such equipment consists 
 of "a well-balanced judgment, a sense of proportion in the 
 estimate of truth, and ability to see facts in more remote as 
 well as obvious relations." A corollary to this maturity of 
 
 [ 577 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 mind is a developed instinct against rash generalizations and 
 over-confident conclusions. 
 
 Practical affairs were said by President Thwing to include 
 those powers or utilities which are embodied in material 
 forms. Their appeal is through the outer senses. The ends 
 of the practical are primarily quantitative. On the material 
 side the oliice of the college is "to teach one to think clearly, 
 to appreciate sympathetically, to apply truth usefully, to 
 work thoroughly and to enjoy fully." The four qualities most 
 needed in practical affairs are judgment, energy, tact and 
 patience. The college is to develop these, so that its gradu- 
 ates become idealistic materialists. 
 
 President Meikeljohn thought the only possible confusion 
 of the college today was with the professional school. He 
 maintained that there is a genuine education separate from 
 vocational study. Intellectual culture is a definite content to 
 be realized. He denied that positive requirements were to 
 be found in the professional school alone; also, that the 
 colonial institutions were founded as ministerial training 
 schools. The early liberal training made men of ideas and of 
 power in various fields. 
 
 The true college has to do with fundamental and human 
 things in which all men share. Just as the professional school 
 drills the student in the task he is to perform, so the liberal 
 institution must teach its youth to understand his society, 
 his politics, his morals, his religious aspirations and the world 
 of nature about him. This is a vocational function, but in 
 the deeper relations of men. "The object of the study of 
 human living is that living may be better done." 
 
 The fear was sounded by certain speakers that the vocational 
 idea might be so stressed as to become utilitarianism. In the 
 address of President W. II. P. Faunce, of Brown University, 
 the thought prevailed that self-culture divorced from purpose 
 missed the mark. As he discussed "The Scope of the New 
 England College." he showed that the religious (dement had 
 held a predominant place and that its relation to the college 
 is just ;is vital today, though it is expressed in new ways. 
 "The opening of the eves of the soul, the intellectual and 
 
 \ 578 I
 
 HISTOKY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 spiritual rebirth, is the essential tiling in the educational 
 process." Something is done within the student that some- 
 thing may be done through him. 
 
 Another group of papers treated of "The Present Status 
 and Probable Future of the College" in the Fast, the South 
 and the West. President John II. Finley, of the University 
 of the State of New York, spoke for the East. Standardiza- 
 tion had been the order of the day. The content was pre- 
 scribed, the time-unit defined. The "Carnegie unit" put in 
 the form of a table may be recited thus: 
 
 45 minutes make an "hour," 
 5 'hours" make a "week," 
 
 3G "weeks" make a "unit," 
 
 15 "units" make a "matriculant," 
 5 "matriculant" hours (for one year) make a point or 
 count. 
 
 (iO points or counts make a degree. 
 
 Into these new foundations of learning, new disciplines 
 are to be admitted and new racial acquisitions assimilated. 
 The ideals of education are not to be molded by pedagogists 
 alone, but by poets, philosophers of science and many others. 
 "The college of the future is to be for the many I what it has 
 been, thank Cod, for the few), for all the lit a place of 
 understanding, of rebirth, of entering into the race mind." 
 
 President William P. Few, of Trinity College, said for 
 the South that its choice institutions in the time of adversity 
 had stood for rigid ideals. Now in the new growth the per- 
 sonal element in education is being strengthened. Better 
 instruction rather than more is the watchword. The teacher 
 in addition to meeting the test of scholarship must be a 
 person of ideas and power. As the profession comes to its 
 true dignity, its art will consist not only of the training of 
 the hands and the mind, but of the shaping of the whole per- 
 sonality of the student. 
 
 President W. F. Slocum, of Colorado College, for the West 
 acknowledged that the East had given to it the ideals of piety, 
 morality and learning as essential for the public weal. Its 
 purpose had been to discover truth by scholarship and train 
 
 [ 579 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 men for service. The western college was now independent. 
 sure of its place, and devoted to its tested standards. Seven 
 institutions were named, a list that readily could be dupli- 
 cated, where the work of the college had been of high value 
 in their respective areas. The possibilities of future service, 
 however, were vastly greater. 
 
 Commissioner I*. P. Claxton had for his theme. "Tin 1 
 American College in the Life of the American People/' Be- 
 ginning with Harvard, the needs of colonial life were met by 
 a steady increase of institutions through the decades. By the 
 nineteenth century there were twenty-nine foundations that 
 still exist. Then in twenty-five years the number doubled. 
 Allegheny standing fortieth on the list. Many agencies early 
 and later have co-operated in the creation and growth of the 
 seats of higher learning. 
 
 The speaker advocated a reorganization of the college of 
 today in order to promote a higher efficiency. Let prepara- 
 tory schools be separated, the standards of admission be kept 
 high for the sake of secondary educations and many institu- 
 tions become Junior Colleges. "The college with an income 
 of from fifty to one hundred thousand dollars should follow 
 the example of Allegheny and Amherst and limit themselves 
 to a few well organized groups of subjects ami thus attain a 
 higher degree of excellence than is possible in the diversified 
 curricula of most modem colleges. A liner and better spirit 
 would pervade the entice school and the results obtained 
 would lte more satisfactory in every way as the two colleges 
 referred to have already demonstrated." 
 
 The sessions of the Conference were presided over by 
 President Harris, of Northwestern Cniversity; Provost 
 Smith, of Pennsylvania, and Dr. X. C. Schaeffer, Superintend- 
 ent of Pennsylvania Public Instruction. At the conclusion of 
 the addresses, there was held in Ford Memorial Chapel a 
 formal reception of the delegates from the various colleges, 
 universities and societies. Engrossed felicitations had come 
 previously from Harvard, Cornell, Pennsylvania and other 
 institutions, and now personal congratulations were extended 
 
 I 580 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 by the four score representatives after President Crawford 
 had given a brief address of welcome. 
 
 Tbe guests were President Robert A. Falconer, of the Uni- 
 versity of Toronto; Mr. John Raymond Crawford, of the 
 American College in Koine; Professor Henry Preserved Smith, 
 of the American Oriental Society; Philander P. Claxton, of 
 the American Association for the Advancement of Science; 
 Provost Smith, of the Academy of Political and Social Sci- 
 ence; Professor Baldwin, of the American Psychological Asso- 
 ciation ; Professor Schlesinger, of the American Astronomical 
 Society; Mr. W. C. Green, of the American Library Associa- 
 tion; Professor Anna Garlin Spencer, of the American Socio- 
 logical Association; Dr. E. C. Sage, of the General Education 
 Board, and President Charles F. Thwing, of the Carnegie 
 Foundation. 
 
 Presidents Meikeljohn, of Amherst; Faunce, of Brown; 
 Murlin, of Boston; and Howe, of Case School of Applied 
 Science; Director Hamerschlag, of Carnegie Technical Insti- 
 tute; Presidents Slocum, of Colorado; Chamberlain, of Deni- 
 son ; Morgan, of Dickinson; Hehir, of Duquesne; Apple, of 
 Franklin and Marshall; Stuart, of Garrett Biblical; Ormond, 
 of Grove City; Brumbaugh, of Juniata; McCracken, of 
 Lafayette; Small, of Lake Erie; Plantz, of Lawrence; Drinker, 
 of Lehigh ; Randell, of Lincoln ; Southworth, of Meadville 
 Theological; Spencer, of Morgan; McMaster, of Mt. Union; 
 Harris, of Northwestern ; King, of Oberlin ; Granville, of 
 Pennsylvania ; Sparks, of Pennsylvania State; Swain, of 
 Swarthmore; Aikens, of Susquehanna; Sawvel, of Thiel; 
 Few, of Trinity; Kolbe, of University of Akron, and Finlay. 
 of University of State of New Y T ork; Provost Smith, of Uni- 
 versity of Pennsylvania ; Chancellor McCormick, of Univer- 
 sity of Pittsburgh; Presidents Richmond, of Union; Omwakc, 
 of Ursinus; Breslich, of AYallaee; Hinitt, of Washington and 
 Jefferson; Shanklin, of Wesleyan ; Thwing, of Western Re- 
 serve; Kelso, of Western Theological; Russell, of AYest- 
 minster, and Semple, of Wilson. 
 
 Dean Haskins and Professor Baker, of Harvard; Profes- 
 sor Sneath, of Yale; Professor Conklin, of Princeton; Dean 
 
 [ 581 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Egbert, of Columbia ; Professor Bevier, of Rutgers ; Pro- 
 fessor F. T. Stockton, of Indiana University; Professor 
 Bacon, of Hobart; Dr. Thompson, of Kenyon ; Dr. Bolles, of 
 Haver-ford; Ex-Chancellor McCracken, of New York; Profes- 
 sor Emma Carr, of Mount Holyoke; Professor F. S. Breed, 
 of Michigan ; Professor Armstrong, of Ohio Wesleyan ; Dr. E. 
 H. Sibley and Dr. TV. M. Wilson, of Cornell ; Professor 
 Coulter, of Purdue; Dean Cora Coolidge, of Pennsylvania 
 College for Women ; Dean Helen McClintock, of Geneva ; Pro- 
 fessor Eliza Kendrick, of Wellesley ; Professor E. H. Wilds, 
 of Dakota Wesleyan ; Professor Calderwood, of Grove City ; 
 Professor W. J. Lowstuter, of Iliff School of Theology; Pro 
 fessor C. B. Ridgway, of Wyoming; Professor A. G. Fraden 
 burgh, of Adelphi; Mr. John W. Beatty, of Carnegie Insti 
 tute; Professor Randolph, of Clark College, and Dr. R. S. 
 Breed, of New York Agricultural. 
 
 The crowning anniversary exercises occurred Wednesday 
 afternoon in the Stone Church. The academic procession 
 formed on the campus. The line of march proceeded down 
 Main Street and it was a brilliant spectacle with the many 
 colored hoods of the academic costumes. Trustees, Faculty 
 and Centennial Class and alumni were in the ranks as this 
 custom of early years was revived in the Commencement 
 march to the center of Meadville. 
 
 President Crawford presided at the church, where ad- 
 dresses were made by President Robert A. Falconer, of 
 Toronto, representing foreign universities; by President 
 William A. Shanklin, of Wesleyan, for the Colleges of 
 America; by Dean Charles H. Haskins, of Harvard, for the 
 Universities, and by Chancellor McCracken, for the Educa- 
 tional Foundations and Learned Societies, In the absence of 
 the Governor of the Commonwealth, Superintendent Nathan 
 C. Schaeffer brought the greetings of Pennsylvania. 
 
 A letter of congratulation was read from President Wood- 
 row Wilson and a telegram was received from Andrew Car- 
 negie with the sentiment on Allegheny, "Her future is sure 
 to copy fair her past." Dean Haskins presented the official 
 
 [ 584 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 felicitations from President Lowell, of Harvard, a part <>i' 
 whose message \v;is as follows: 
 
 "The problem which Allegheny has sought to solve is one 
 of the most important and most difficult. The mission of the 
 American College is to impart to young people the accumu- 
 lated knowledge and the established traditions of the race, 
 the things man has found worthy of regard. The problem of 
 the college is to give as much as is possible in the few years 
 at its command and to select the most essential subjects. The 
 problems for all are in the main alike, and an advance by one 
 is a service to all the others. In this spirit of fellowship in 
 a common labor for the public good we send our greetings on 
 your centenary, our gratitude for what you have achieved 
 and our fervent wishes for your prosperity." 
 
 The conferring of the honorary degrees was a ceremony of 
 deep interest to the large audience. The Bachelor of Arts 
 degree was given nunc pro tunc to the following former stu- 
 dents: David Jameson, of New Castle, Pa.; Homer C. Craw- 
 ford, of Cooperstown, Pa.; Dr. L. E. Tieste, of Brooklyn, 
 X. Y.; Dr. J. B. Siggins, of Oil City, Pa.; John B. Ford, of 
 Detroit, Mich.; James A. Wakefield, of Pittsburgh; Frederick 
 Palmer, war correspondent; James R. Mills, of Cleveland, and 
 Walter Irving Bates, of Meadville. 
 
 The degree, of Doctor of Laws was conferred upon Mr. 
 Andrew Carnegie, Bishop William Burt, of Buffalo; Philan- 
 der P. Olaxton, Commissioner of Education; President W. I'. 
 Few, of Trinity; Director A. A. Hamerschlag, of Carnegie 
 Technical; Dean Charles H. Haskins, of Harvard; President 
 F W. Hinitt. of Washington and Jefferson; Dr. F. C. Howe, 
 Commissioner General of Immigration; Chancellor S. B. Mc- 
 Cormick, of the University of Pittsburgh; President Alex- 
 ander Meikeljohn, of Amherst; Dr. Thomas Nicholson, sec- 
 retary of the M. E. Board of Education; President W. A. 
 Shanklin, of Wesley an ; President W. F. Sloeum, of Colo- 
 rado; Provost Edgar F. Smith, of University of Pennsylvania; 
 President F. C. Southworth, of Meadville Theological School, 
 and Miss Lla M. Tarbell, of New York. 
 
 The degree of Doctor of Letters was bestowed upon Pro- 
 
 \ 5S5 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 fessor George P. Baker, of Harvard ; the Doctorate of Divinity 
 upon Rev. Ernest A. Bell, Rev. Herbert A. Ellis, Bishop Rogers 
 Israel, Rev. Mark Kelley, Professor TV. J. Lowstuter, Rev. 
 Win. S. Mitchell, Rev. L. L. Swisher, Rev. T. R. Thoburn, 
 Rev. J. J. Wallace and Rev. Paul Weyand. 
 
 The degree of Master of Arts was given to Principal Frank 
 E. Baker, Superintendent John A. Gibson, Professor Roger II. 
 Motten, State School Inspector James G. Pentz, Miss Julia 
 Schoenfeht, Mr. Paul Sturtevant, and Miss Laura Temple, of 
 Mexico, all graduates of Allegheny. 
 
 The time of feasting came Wednesday evening. All or 
 the Greek Letter Societies had dinners and largely attended 
 reunions, four of the fraternities each having one hundred 
 alumni present. The anniversary dinner Avas tendered by the 
 Trustees of Allegheny to the delegates of American educa- 
 tional institutions and distinguished guests. 
 
 President Crawford was the gracious toast-master of the 
 occasion. Several messages from foreign universities were 
 read by Hon. Arthur L. Bates, secretary of the anniversary com- 
 mittee. Provost Edgar F. Smith responded 1o the toast of 
 the Institutions of the first half of the Eighteenth Century, 
 and Dean J. C. Egbert, of Columbia, to those of the last half 
 of that century. 
 
 Dr. Baker said in an informal address, thai the past is ex 
 plained by pageantry so as to make the life of the present more 
 significant. Its service to the undergraduate of today is to 
 awaken his richer imaginative faculties. "Having lived for a 
 year with thai delightful character, Timothy Alden, the man 
 with a vision, I, too, had a vision. It is that some day in this 
 country we shall have a drama which will explain to our people 
 everywhere Hie curiously complicated, differing life that we 
 call the life of the ( nited States." 
 
 Director 1 Iamerschlag, of Carnegie Technical, spoke of 
 the newei* educational foundations as contributing to Hie 
 ability to think accurately and stimulating the imaginative 
 faculties. The modern institution is able to borrow from the 
 experience of all lands and to perfect its service to its con- 
 stituency and its age. 
 
 [ 586 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Dr. E. C. Sage, of the General Education Board, made 
 prophetic reply 1<> the sentiment of the College of Tomorrow. 
 He said it would have substantial foundations of financial 
 support. It will be a part of a groat system of education, for 
 
 in a generous, informing rivalry with others each will learn 
 and pursue the mission lor which it is best adapted. 
 
 The future college will have more direct connection with 
 the needs of the people, so that its teaching will be related to 
 the life of the nation as naturally and as intimately as the 
 beautiful pageant of yesterday reflected the realities of the 
 hundred years of Allegheny. "Some one has said that insti- 
 tutions are the lengthened shadows of great men. The shadow 
 of Timothy Alden is now upon us here. Yea, and the length- 
 ening shadow of President Crawford will fall upon our suc- 
 cessors and they will remember the work of the past quarter 
 of a century." 
 
 Alden Hall of Biology and Geology 
 
 [ 587 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 ADDENDA. 
 
 E. B. Cummings, '62, was a member of the South Dakota Legis- 
 lature; J. M. Dight, '74, served in the Pennsylvania Assembly, and 
 W. F. Hill, '89, in the Pennsylvania Senate. 
 
 Hon. Samuel Lord, '5 8, was a member of the first legislature 
 in Minnesota in 1859. He was District Judge for several years, residing 
 in Faribault. 
 
 Newton McConnell, '5 5, served in the Confederate Army; A. D. 
 
 Norris, '60, was an officer in the Third Tennessee Cavalry; F. A. 
 
 Crawford, '5 8, and P. H. Beesley, 64, were killed in battle, wear- 
 ing the gray. 
 
 A. J. Knisely, '56, was Captain of Co. H, 145th Reg't., Pa. 
 Vol.;C. W. Foulke was Captain of Co. I, 2nd Pa. Cav. ; J. Boyd Espy was 
 Captain of Co. I, 145th Reg't., Pa. Vol. 
 
 ERRATA. 
 
 Dr. Thomas R. Kennedy, named on page 13 as present June 20, 
 181 5, died in 1813. 
 
 Ballantyne on page 240 instead of Ballentyne. 
 
 1866 James P. Colter on page 280 instead of James P. Coulter. 
 
 [ 5SS ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 Page 
 
 Rev. Timothy Alden Frontispiece 
 
 President William H. Crawford Frontispiece 
 
 Round Top 1 
 
 Major Roger Alden 4 
 
 Testimonial of DeWitt Clinton 11 
 
 Port of Mead 12 
 
 The Log Court House 14 
 
 The Original Subscription List 16 
 
 John Reynolds 18 
 
 Benefactors of Allegheny 19 
 
 The Meadville Arsenal 22 
 
 Facsimile of Minute About Seal 24 
 
 Rev. Robert Johnston 26 
 
 College Advertisement in 1818 27 
 
 Bentley Hall 28 
 
 College Seal 29 
 
 William Bentley 30 
 
 Silhouette of Bentley 33 
 
 Samuel Lord, Esq 3 5 
 
 Bentley Hall in Campus 3 8 
 
 Isaiah Thomas, LL. D 41 
 
 James Winthrop 44 
 
 Letter of Thomas Jefferson 48 
 
 Commencement Program of 1821 51 
 
 Timothy John Fox Alden 5 2 
 
 Thomas Atkinson 5 5 
 
 Rev. Timothy Alden 5 7 
 
 First Diploma 66 
 
 The Itinerant 67 
 
 Madison College 70 
 
 Rev. Charles Elliott 71 
 
 Augusta College 73 
 
 Meadville in the Thirties 7 5 
 
 Bishop Roberts 7 8 
 
 The Roberts Home Si 
 
 Rev. Martin Ruter, D. D 86 
 
 Court House of 183 5 9 3 
 
 The Lower Ravine 96 
 
 On the Canal 9 7 
 
 The Brick Church 101 
 
 Rev. Alfred Brunson, D. D 104 
 
 Monument to Dr. Ruter in 1901 110 
 
 [ 589 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 President Homer J. Clark 112 
 
 Old-time Camp Ground 130 
 
 Ivy-clad Bell Tree 132 
 
 East Side of Ravine in 1875 133 
 
 Dr. John Barker 138 
 
 Ruter Hall 143 
 
 Calvin Kingsley 145 
 
 The Society of Seven of 185 7 150 
 
 The Barker Memorial 152 
 
 President George Loomis 1 54 
 
 The Campus of the Seventies 158 
 
 Soldiers' Monument on the Diamond 159 
 
 Gen. Ira Aver, Jr 162 
 
 John H. Stuntz 176 
 
 Cavalry Broadside 179 
 
 Farnsworth's Charge 180 
 
 The Memorial Boulder 188 
 
 Bentley Hall in 1878 190 
 
 Seal Used 1860-1908 191 
 
 Culver Hall 193 
 
 Miss Williams, '74 197 
 
 President L. H. Bugbee 201 
 
 The Faculty of 1878 206 
 
 Huling's Hall 209 
 
 President D. H. Wheeler 212 
 
 President W. G. Williams 219 
 
 Wilcox Hall 223 
 
 The Oratory 22 5 
 
 The Gymnasium 229 
 
 Newton Memorial Observatory 23 4 
 
 The Library 23 7 
 
 The Methodist Bishops of 1907 241 
 
 Alden Hall 243 
 
 Cochran Hall 245 
 
 The Old and New Chapels 254 
 
 The Door Panel of Allegheny Hall 25 5 
 
 President Ruter 261 
 
 President Clark 272 
 
 Allegheny Hall, 1886 276 
 
 Wilcox and Hillings 289 
 
 A Popular Path 290 
 
 T. Rustin Kennedy 291 
 
 Phi Kappa Psi House 296 
 
 Sion B. Smith 298 
 
 F. P. Ray, '62 300 
 
 r .-.no i
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Phi Gamma Delta House 304 
 
 E. L. Mattern, '90 306 
 
 "Modoc Jim" Eaton 312 
 
 Delta Tau Delta House 316 
 
 Dr. C. W. Miner 317 
 
 Phi Delta Theta House 3 20 
 
 Dr. R. B. Gamble 325 
 
 Sigma Alpha Epsilon House 328 
 
 Alpha Chi Rho House 3 30 
 
 Miss Bessie Putnam 335 
 
 Miss Edith Rowley 341 
 
 Hulings Hall on the East 344 
 
 Conneaut Lake 345 
 
 Bishop Matthew Simpson 346 
 
 Professor George W. Clark 349 
 
 Dr. Jonathan Hamnett 3 5 1 
 
 Rev. L. D. Williams 355 
 
 Dr. Win. Hunter 357 
 
 Dr. James Marvin 3 59 
 
 Jeremiah Tingley, Ph. D 361 
 
 Dr. Ammi B. Hyde 363 
 
 Professor C. W. Reid 366 
 
 Professor George W. Haskins 367 
 
 Dr. J. H. Montgomery 3 69 
 
 Bishop Napthali Luccock 3 72 
 
 Dr. J. W. Thomas 374 
 
 Professor W. T. Dutton 375 
 
 Dr. W. A. Elliott 3 79 
 
 Dr. John W. Perrin 380 
 
 The Latter Faculty 3 82-392 
 
 hulings Through the Trees 392 
 
 The Ford Memorial Tower 393 
 
 Judge David Derick;,on 396 
 
 Alexander Bradley, Esq 397 
 
 Mr. Durbin Home 3 98 
 
 Mr. Frank A. Arter 400 
 
 Mrs. Sarah B. Cochran 40 7 
 
 Rustic Bridge in Winter 417 
 
 The Upper Ravine 418 
 
 The Island 419 
 
 Autograph of Lafayette 420 
 
 Fort Black 423 
 
 Circle of Pines Lyre Tree 426 
 
 The Seven Sisters Hand of Knowledge 4 28 
 
 Class of 1880 Stone 431 
 
 f 591 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Campus Stockholders 433 
 
 Basket Ball Squad 438 
 
 A Field Meet 439 
 
 Sun Dial of '99 442 
 
 Old Apple Tree 443 
 
 Gov. F. H. Pierpont 444 
 
 Hon. James A. Gary 445 
 
 Where McKinley Lived 447 
 
 Hon. Arthur L. Bates 453 
 
 Judge John J. Henderson 45 7 
 
 Judge F. J. Thomas 4 59 
 
 Judge John W. Kephart 460 
 
 Judge T. J. Prather 461 
 
 Grave of Bishop Kingsley 467 
 
 Bishop J. M. Thoburn 468 
 
 Bishop M. C. Harris 470 
 
 Dr. W. F. Oldham 4 71 
 
 Dr. Albert L. Long 473 
 
 Dr. C. B. Mitchell 480 
 
 Dr. Alexander Martin 500 
 
 Col. J. B. Weaver 504 
 
 Dean Frank O. Marvin 505 
 
 Dr. Ida M. Tarbell 520 
 
 Dr. F. C. Howe 522 
 
 Frederick Palmer 524 
 
 Mr. J. W. Kinnear 527 
 
 Mr. A. W. Thompson 5 29 
 
 Mr. Paul Sturtevant 53 1 
 
 Dr. Ernest A. Bell 532 
 
 Lake George in 1888 540 
 
 Pageant Poster 5 J l 
 
 The Stone Church 542 
 
 To Montgomery Field 545 
 
 Tablet to Dr. Wheeler 552 
 
 The McKinley Tablet 55 1 
 
 Memorial of Professor Dutton 555 
 
 Site of the Pageant 557 
 
 The Old Block House 5 60 
 
 Hickman as Alden 561 
 
 Cornplanter and Guide 563 
 
 Laying of Corner Stone of Bentley 564 
 
 Presentation of Flag to Company 568 
 
 Carnegie Hall of Chemistry 575 
 
 Delegates to the Conference on the College 582-3 
 
 Alden Hall of Biology 587 
 
 [ 2 1
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Alden, Roger, 4, 6, 16, 58, 394. 
 
 Alden, Timothy, early career, 6-13; apotheosis, 566; cult of 246-7; esti- 
 mate of, 64-6, 546-7; missionary, 56; personal characteristics, 
 56-S; president, 15, 25, 37, 39, 47, 49, 50, 58-64. 
 
 Alden, T. J. Fox, 25, Si, 52, 135, 255. 
 
 Alden Hall, 243, 254. 
 
 Alleghany Magazine, 20. 
 
 Allegheny College, charter, 20-22, 198; amendments, 403; by-laws, 
 401; church patronage, 77-85, closed, 58, 59, 131; prospectus, 
 61, 83-4; State aid, 22, 40, 56, 89, 115, 124; seal, 24; policy, 612, 
 216, 227-8, 254. 
 
 Allen, R. T. P., 118, 125, 35o, 421. 
 
 Allison, W. B., 140, 446. 
 
 Alumnae, 5 3 8-540. 
 
 Alumni, in politics, 443-54; on the bench, 454-60; lawyers, 460-6; 
 missionaries, 467-477; clergy, 477-499; in education, 499-515; in 
 medicine, SlS-9; in literature, 519-26; in business, 526-31; in 
 social service, 531-4; engineering, 534-7. 
 
 Alumni association and reunions, 13 5, 155, 194, 199, 208, 231, 236, 
 242-3, 544-5, 571-3. 
 
 Arter, Frank A, 182, 229, 238, 248, 253, 399. 
 
 Athletics, 222, 231, 240, 436-9. 
 
 Augusta College, 73, 88. 
 
 Ballantyne, James A., 237, 240, 485. 
 
 Barker, John, early career, 137; professor, 123, 131; president, 139-50; 
 appreciation, l5l, 153; memorial, 1 5 2. 
 
 Bascom, Henry B., 69-71, 125. 
 
 Bates, Hon. Arthur L., 405, 452, 585. 
 
 Battelle, Gordon, 109, 123, 477, 478, 483. 
 
 Bentley Hall, architecture, 38, 39; cornerstone laid, 3 5-8, erection, 39, 
 40, 56, 116; in the Forties, 123; alterations, 244; tablets in, 247, 
 551-6. 
 
 Bentley, William, linguist, 3 1; his library, 12, 3 3, 40, 48; diary, 10, 31, 
 45; trustee, 32; will, 3 3. 
 
 Best, Wesley B., 405. 
 
 Best, Dr. M. Blanche, 2 3 0, 5 3 9. 
 
 Biblical Department. 14 7-8,198, 411. 
 
 Blaisdell, T. C, 507-8. 
 
 Board of Trustees, its presidents: Jesse Moore, 394; Henry Shippen, 
 60, 79, 89, 95; Joseph Morrison, 76, 77, 3 79; David Derickson, 
 53, 83, 155-6, 196, 395-7; Alexander Bradley, 193, 202, 234, 397; 
 Durbin Home, 234-5, 248, 397-8; members: John Reynolds, 15. 
 16, 23, 74, 131, 395; David Dick, 56, 74, 131, 403-4; Samuel Lord, 
 
 [ rm ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 23, 34, 79; Thomas Atkinson, 20, 55, 56; H. J. Huidekoper, 13, 
 40, 273; John McFarland, 404; F. P. Ray, 300, 405; alumni election 
 of trustees, 251-2; alumni trustees, 403. 
 
 Brunson, Alfred, 78-9, 94, 104-5. 
 
 Bugbee, Dr. Lucius H., early career, 202; administration, 203-11, 
 builds Hulings Hall, 208-10; appreciation, 211-13. 
 
 Burton Jabez, 259, 472. 
 
 Carnegie, Andrew, 242, 244, 255, 575, 585. 
 
 Carter, John J., 406. 
 
 Catalogue, 113, 192, 207. 
 
 Centenary Fund Society, 120, 126, 147, 194, 195, 200, 214, 227, 249. 
 
 Centennial Celebration of 1915; alumni gatherings, 542, 544, 571-3; 
 alma mater exercises, 5 4 5-551; anniversary of June 20, 181 5, 
 543-4; Sabbath services, 542-3; the historical pageant, 556-571; 
 conference on the American college, 5 75-580; delegates from insti- 
 tutions, 581-4; anniversary exercises, 584-5; conferring of de- 
 grees, 585-6; anniversary dinner, 586-7. 
 
 Chemistry: first professor, '61, laboratory, '62; equipment, 117, 122, 
 409; Wilcox Hall, 223; Alden Hall, 254; Carnegie Hall of Chem- 
 istry, 254, 574; success of graduates, 5l5. 
 
 Church patronage: Pittsburgh M. E. Conference, 76, 77; articles of 
 agreement, 75, 77, 401-2; reports, 102, 106, 114, 116, 120; sup- 
 port urged, 121; funds held, 131, 210, 230; Erie M. E. Conference, 
 105, 128-9, 210; educational rallies, 204, 214. 
 
 Civil engineering: first professor, 118; Calvin Kingsley, 125; reorgani- 
 zation, 217; coming of Professor Dutton, 222; growth of depart- 
 ment, 227, 413-4; its function, 416, 572. 
 
 Civil War Period: student enlistment, 160-3, 179, 181; engagements, 
 169-78; Phi Kappa Psi in the war, 183-4; individual records, 185-6; 
 soldiers' memorial, 186-9. 
 
 Clark, Homer J., 72, 74, 83, 84, 109; early career, 111-3; presidency, 
 114, 117-121, 132-5; originates perpetual scholarship plain, 126-8; 
 financial success, 129-132; personal characteristics, 113, 132, 136; 
 estimate, 136. 
 
 Clarke, George W., 101, 113, 1 34, 1 48, 348-50. 
 
 Cobern, Camden M., 245, 386-8. 
 
 Cochran, Mrs. Sarah B., 242, 244, 246, 25 1, 253, 4o6. 
 
 College Company, 163-178. 
 
 Colter, James P., 280, 40 5, 5 5 3. 
 
 Commencements, 25, 50-1, 94, 101-2, 123, 194, 199, 207, 216, 242, 
 246, 248, 544. 
 
 Coston, Zerah H., 74, 76, 122, 128. 
 
 Courier, The Meadville, 76, 79. 
 
 Cmvford, President William H.; training, 226; executive program, 227, 
 228, 230, 236, 240, 245, 250; crises of administration, 229, 235, 
 
 [ r>!)4 ]
 
 HISTOHY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 250; influence with alumni, students and patrons, 23 1, 233, 247; 
 financial successes, 229, 234, 238, 242, 244, 253; new buildings, 
 
 229, 234, 235, 236, 243, 244, 254; scholastic growth, 227, 229, 
 
 230, 239, 242, 245; appreciation of labors, 226, 240, 244, 250, 
 254, 286. 
 
 Crow, Moses, 109, 123, 135, 354. 
 
 Culver, C. V., 194-6. 
 
 Culver Hall, 192-3, 195, 213, 424. 
 
 Curriculum, 27, 84, 216, 242, 252; course of study in 1823, 408; in 
 1829, 408; in 1853, 410; scientific department, 410, 411-4; 
 engineeriing, 118, 216, 413, 416; Biblical department, 147, 239, 
 411; classics, 55, 140, 221, 409; modern language, 19 1, 221, 
 242, 412-3, 421; electives, 413; the schools, 412; group system, 
 414-5; entrance requirements, 415, post-graduate, 4 1 3- ; depart- 
 ment statistics, 4 l 7. 
 
 Day, Dr. E. W., 5 16. 
 
 Deming, W. C, 524. 
 
 Dick, Col. S. B., 160, 238, 242, 404, 451. 
 
 Doering, Dr. C. H., 118, 472-3. 
 
 Donations: books, 18, 19, 33, 34, 43, 58, 208; buildings, 14 1, 208, 223, 
 233, 235, 236-7, 254; land, 34, 92, 157, 242, 254; from the 
 State, 22, 40, 56, 89, 116; money, 16, 17, 18, 53, 56, 58, 141, 
 147, 194, 198, 208, 223, 229, 234, 235, 238, 242, 244, 25 1, 253, 
 254; produce, 63; class gifts, 441. 
 
 Dutton. W. T., 222, 227, 255, 374-9, 414, 554-6, 572. 
 
 Eberhart, John F., l5o, 244, 254, 502. 
 
 Education; lack of State support, 54, 123; indifference of Methodist 
 patronage, 121-5; exhortation of Dr. Durbin, 73-4; rebuke of 
 Homer J. Clark, 127; the Allegheny philosophy of, 118; confer- 
 ence on American college, 5 74-581. 
 
 Elliott, Charles, 71, 97-8, 102. 
 
 Elliott, William A., 221, 224, 228, 379, 380, 551. 
 
 Ellis, Dr. A. C, 205, 405, 429, 494, 525. 
 
 Endowments, Roberts Professorship, 80, 102; Kramer Professorship, 
 14 7, 198; Bradley Chair of Latin, 1 95, 207; Kingsley Professor- 
 ship, 204; Chamberlain Bequest, 159, 198; Alumni Professorship, 
 200, 227, 23 3; Lucy Lindley Endowment, 223; Francis Asbury 
 Arter Professorship, 239; Eliza Kingsley Arter Professorship, 239; 
 James M. Thoburn Professorship, 23 9; Half Million Endowment. 
 250-3; President's Chair, 253. 
 
 Enrollment, in 1821, 49; in 1833, 85, 99, 103, 113, 119, 131, 133, 
 140, 158, 19'), 205, 211, 217, 230, 240, 253-4. 
 
 Erie Conference, 105, 120, 195, 252, 349, 467, 488, 497. 
 
 Expenses, student, 27, 99, 13 5, 149, 203. 
 
 Faculty: F. C. Morey, 230, 382; Dean Spaulding, 230, 382; E. A. Smith, 
 
 [ rm ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 230, 247, 254, 382-5; H. K. Munroe, 230, 383; C. F. Ross, 224, 
 230, 239, 384; A. C. Knudson, 239, 384; F. C. Lockwood, 239, 
 384-5; R. S. Breed, 239, 254, 385; G. A. Mulfinger, 242, 385-6; 
 H. E. Wells, 239, 241, 586; C. J. Ling, 245, 388; O. P. Akers, 242. 
 388; R. E. Lee, 389; G. E. Snavely, 245, 389, 390; C. A. Darling, 
 254, 390; C. E. Hammett, 390; F. G. Henke, 391; C. E. Decker, 
 391; S. S. Swartley, 391-2; Karl A. Miller, 392, 572; R. C. Ward, 
 392. 
 
 Finances, 15-18, 26, 35, 42, 43, 56, 80, 97, 103, 114, 116-7, 141, 148. 
 195, 227, 238, 242, 244, 249-251, 253. 
 
 Finney, D. A., 123, 163, 450. 
 
 Flood, Dr. T. L., 246, 249, 404. 
 
 Ford, J. B., 253, 585. 
 
 Ford Memorial Chapel, 235, 237, 241, 249, 545, 580. 
 
 Founder's Day, 247-8, 441. 
 
 Fraternity Houses, 217, 295, 302-3, 3 1 4, 316, 318-9, .327-8, 329. 
 
 Gary, Hon. James A., 140, 141, 153, 445-6. 
 
 GorT, Dr. M. B., 213, 215, 502-3. 
 
 Greek Letter Societies: Phi Kappa Psi, 291-9; Phi Gamma Delta, 299- 
 307; Delta Tau Delta, 308-16; Phi Delta Theta, 317-22; Sigma 
 Alpha Epsilon, 322-8; Alpha Chi Rho, 328-31; Kappa Alpha Theta, 
 331-3; Kappa Kappa Gamma, 333-337; Alpha Chi Omega, 337-340; 
 Alpha Gamma Delta, 340-2. 
 
 Gymnasium, 220, 226, 228-9, 23 3, 4 3 8. 
 
 Hagerty, Dr. J. H., 150, 236, 479, 574. 
 
 Hamnett, Dr. Jonathan, 109, 119, 1 3 4, 1 5 7, 200, 213, 215, 244, 263, 
 350-4, 574. 
 
 Harris, Bishop M. C, 470-1. 
 
 Hartshorn, O. N., 150, 501. 
 
 Haskins, Dean C. H., 507, 577, 581, 5S4-5. 
 
 Haskins, G. W., 200, 202, 215, 216, 280, 366-8. 
 
 Heckel, Dr. E. B., 408, 5 16. 
 
 Henderson, Hon. Harvey, 148, 150, 183, 228, 404-5, 492. 
 
 Henderson, Judge John J., 183, 242, 300, 405, 45S, 550. 
 
 Heydrick, B. C, 434, 509, 5 52-3. 
 
 Heydrick, Judge Christopher, 14 5, 149, 262, 4 5 5. 
 
 Hill, Dr. Moses, 193, 403, 478. 
 
 Holliday, Col. C. K., 149, 5 26. 
 
 Hogate, Dean E. T., 506. 
 
 Honorary Degrees, 25, 94, 123, 21 6, 5 8 5-6. 
 
 Howe, Dr. F. C, 5 21-3, 5 8 5. 
 
 Howell, Dr. D. W., 4 79. 
 
 Hulings Hall, 208-10, 244. 
 
 Hunt, Sanford, 15 5, 4 78. 
 
 Hunter, Dr. William, 72, 111, 149, 1 5 1, 198, 3 56-8.
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Hyde, Dr. A. B., 1 57, 207, 215, 363-5. 
 
 Johnston, Rev. Rob't., 15, 25, 26. 
 
 Joint Board of Control, 126, 196, 198-9, 216, 220-1, 251-2, 402-3. 
 
 Kephart, Judge, 460-1. 
 
 Kingsley, Bishop Calvin, 109, 125, 134, 145-8, 194, 196, 198, 266-7, 
 466-8, 488. 
 
 Kinnear, J. W., 405, 527-8. 
 
 Library, 35, 34, 43, 46-9, 58, 63, 208; catalogue, 48; Alden's Ideal, 49; 
 placed in Bentley, 63; reorganized, 208, 245; new buildings, 236- 
 8, 527. 
 
 Literary Societies, 93, 102, 114, 123, 146, 205, 217; Beth Gimel Lamed, 
 255-7; Allegheny, 257, 260, 262, 263, 265-6, 273-9, 284; Philo- 
 Franklin, 257, 260, 262, 266-8, 275, 277, 279-280, 284; sub- 
 jects of debate, 268-270; secretary, 264; libraries, 273-5; prize 
 contests, 278-281; inter-society relations, 281-4; Biblical Society, 
 285; Ossoli, 285-7; Athenian, 217. 
 
 Long, Dr. Albert L., 149, 473-4. 
 
 Loomis, President George, early career, 155-6; appearance, 156; ad- 
 ministration, 156-8, 191-2, 198-9; Politics, 157-191, 192-4, 196-9; 
 estimate, 200. 
 
 Lowndes, Gov. Lloyd, 23 2, 449, 45 1. 
 
 Luccock, Nathali, 215, 216, 372-3. 
 
 McKinley, William, 228, 424, 446-8. 
 
 McKinney, Rev. David, 61, 62. 
 
 Madison College, 69-72. 
 
 Manual Labor System, 59, 85, 90-2, 98-9, 133, 566. 
 
 Marvin, Dean Frank O., 505-6. 
 
 Marvin, Dr. James, 15 7, 200, 3 58-60, 501. 
 
 Martin, Alexander, 148, 157, 500-1. 
 
 Martin, Hon. B. F., 141, 150, 208, 403, 451. 
 
 Masons, Western Star Lodge, 36, 3 7, 53. 
 
 Mead, David, 3, 83, 560, 562. 
 
 Meadville, settlement, 3, 4; economic status, 5, 105; literati, 5, 83; 
 the "Black Bear," 75; Torbett's Hotel, 50, 119; female seminary, 
 119; population, 5, 105, 156; support of college, 15-17, 120, 141, 
 147, 157, 203, 229, 238, 253, 557, 570. 
 
 Meadville Arsenal, 21, 98. 
 
 Meadville Conservatory of Music, 216, 230. 
 
 Meadville Theological School, 146. 
 
 Messenger, Crawford, 5, 13, 17, 20, 23, 36, 55, 256. 
 
 Methodism, in American education, 67-74, 193-4; in northwestern Penn- 
 sylvania, 82; in Meadville, 82-3, 196. 
 
 Miles, Dr. J. W., 236, 405, 484. 
 
 Military training, 60-1, 156, 205-7, 218, 222, 232, 412. 
 
 Miller, Ephraim, 150, 502. 
 
 [ 597 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Milliken, Dr. B. L., 515-6, 5 72. 
 
 Miner, George S., 475, 543, 572. 
 
 Mitchell, Dr. C. B., 479-80, 485, 550-1. 
 
 Montgomery Field, 250, 254, 439. 
 
 Montgomery, Dr. J. H., 207, 215-6, 241, 368-72. 
 
 Mumford's Meeting House, 82-3. 
 
 Museums, 192. 
 
 Nesbitt, Dr. S. H., 135, 479, 483. 
 
 Newton Memorial Observatory, 23 3-4; Capt. D. C. Newton, 186, 23 3. 
 
 Ninety, class of, 222, 544. 
 
 Nutt, Cyrus, 100, 106, 499-500. 
 
 Oldham, Dr. W. F., 433, 471-2, 543. 
 
 Organizations: Christian associations, 440; department clubs, 439-440; 
 
 Delta Sigma Rho, 440; Alpha Chi Sigma, 440; The Commons Club, 
 
 343; Teutonia, 343-4. 
 Original Sermons, 141-2. 
 Palmer, Frederick, 434, 435, 523-4, 585. 
 Perrin, Dr. J. W., 227, 230, 380-1, 434. 
 Phi Beta Kappa, 238-9. 
 Pickett, Dr. W. C, 516-7. 
 
 Pierpont, Gov. J. H., 106, 119, 158, 226, 443-5. 
 
 Pittsburgh Conference Journal, 71, 98, 102, 108, 125, 127, 142-3. 
 Pittsburgh M. E. Conference, 69, 7 5, 120, session in Meadville, 7 5-S; 
 
 educational committees, 102, 117, 121, 147; alumni, 482-8. 
 Prather, Judge T. J., 461-2. 
 Preparatory Department, 83-5, 139, 140, 199, 205, 239-40, 242, 248, 
 
 254. 
 Publications, 205, 226, 232-3, 275; anonymous, 432; Campus, 432-4; 
 
 Literary Monthly, 4 3 4-5; Kaldron, 4 3 5, "Allegheny Stories," 4 3 5. 
 Reynolds, William, 113, 199, 233, 243, 258, 263, 277, 526. 
 Richmond, Hon. H. L., 404, 450. 
 Roberts, Bishop Robert, 75, 78, 81, 82. 
 Ruter, President Martin, 68, 73, 79, 84-110; early career, 73, 85-9; 
 
 presidency, 93-108; personality, 103, 107; mission to Texas, 108- 
 
 9; death, 109; influences on curriculum, 410. 
 Ruter Hall, 141-4, 203, 235, 431. 
 Science, 61, 117, 1 1 8, 140, l<>2, 220, 252, 254. 
 Shippen, Dr. Rush, 123, 478. 
 
 Simpson, Matthew, 72, 94, 106-7, 1 1 7, 122, 196, 345-8. 
 Southworth, Dr. F. C, 506-7, 586. 
 Stephenson, Dr. F. B., 5 7 5. 
 
 Student Life, 91, 119-20, 130, 144, 1 5 2, 205, 232, 248-50, 410-441. 
 Sturdevant, Paul, 530-1, 5 70. 
 
 Tarbell, Dr. Ida, 208, 236, 406, 520-1, 54 5-50, 585. 
 Temple, Miss Laura, 475, 543, 573, 5S6. 
 
 [ 508 ]
 
 HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY COLLEGE 
 
 Thoburn, C. R., 5 7. 
 
 Thoburn, Bishop James M., 148, 150, 204, 248-9, 405, 468-70, 54 J, 
 
 573. 
 
 Thoburn, Dr. J. M. Jr., 363, 481, 486, 493-4. 
 
 Thoburn, Jubilee, 248-0. 
 
 Thomas, F. J., 4 5 0. 
 
 Thomas, Dr. J. W., 221, 230, 3 73-4. 
 
 Thomas, Isaiah, 0, 34, 35, 255. 
 
 Thompson, Arthur W., 374-0, 406, 416, 520-30, 554-6, 573. 
 
 Tipton, T. W., 446. 
 
 Tuition, 17, 27, 62, 00, 114, 210, 227, 254. 
 
 Twining, W. S., 222, 4 14, 534-5. 
 
 Weaver, Col. J. R., 170, 183-4. 
 
 Wheeler, Dr. David H., early career, 213; presidency, 213-8, 221-4; 
 professorate, 218-21; appreciation, 224, memorial tablet, 552-3. 
 
 Whipple, Wayne, 205, 510-520. 
 
 Wilcox Hall, 223, 226. 
 
 Williams, Dr. W. G., 207, 213, 215-221, 506; early career, 218-0; presi- 
 dency, 210-21. 
 
 Winthrop, James, 25, 31, 43-47. 
 
 Women, admission of, 106-7, 109; dormitory, 204-5, 208-10. 
 
 Worthington, Judge N. E., 140, 228, 45 1, 4 5 6. 
 
 Woodring, Dr. T. H., 405, 484. 
 
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