n 
 
 ■^ / 
 
 fl'T 
 
 THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES
 
 / 
 
 
 j^'>a..
 
 McKEE'S 
 
 New Standard Shorthand. 
 
 A New and Simplified Method op Brief Phono- 
 graphic Writing, Adapted to all the 
 Uses Made of Shorthand Writ- 
 ing IN Modern Times, 
 
 BY 
 
 Author of " The New Rapid" System of Shorthand 
 
 Er.E^ 'EX TIT EDI TIOX. 
 WITH COMPLETE KEY. 
 
 Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 McKee Publishing Company, 
 
 1903.
 
 Entered according to act of Congress in the year 1891, 
 
 By C. E. McKeb, 
 
 in the office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington. 
 
 Principles secured by special copyright.
 
 
 -DEDICATION' 
 
 o 
 
 ^ ^ 
 
 o ^ 
 
 o \. 
 
 /? 
 
 / o. 
 
 /_ 
 
 CT"
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 The system which this work sets forth is a new method of 
 shorthand writing, constructed with the object of more fully- 
 meeting the demands of modern times. It is the result of 
 much study, practice and investigation, and the principles em- 
 bodied in it are largely those which shorthand investigators 
 have recognized as being the proper ones necessary to the 
 producing of an ideal system of shorthand writing. 
 
 The author had for a number of years worked at the forma- 
 
 ^2 tion of what he considered a perfect system of shorthand writ- 
 
 ^ ing — a system which would : 
 
 >. I. Write the English language without the use of position 
 
 DC 
 
 <: m any way. 
 
 CQ II. Which would employ a phonetic alphabet of characters ' 
 
 capable of expressing all vowels and consonants without lifting 
 
 the pen. 
 
 III. Which would use a set of simple rules for contracting, 
 applicable to all characters alike. 
 
 IV. Which would write all words without the use of de- 
 tached prefixes and suffixes or arbitrary signs. 
 
 V. Which would employ but two hooks, large and small, 
 each representing but one sound in all places, and uniting with 
 all characters alike. 
 
 VI. Which would secure outlines that could be written 
 with perfect ease and great rapidity without becoming distorted 
 and illegible. 
 
 VII. Which would do away with tick characters in the 
 alphabet and permit strokes, however short or long, to repre 
 sent but the one sound. 
 
 K) 
 
 g 
 
 452260
 
 6 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 VIII. Which would harmonize the alphabet and principles 
 so as to produce analogous outlines and a brevity sufficient for 
 the most rapid work without resorting to numerous contracted 
 forms. 
 
 IX. Which would employ shading in such a manner as to 
 make the legibility of the writing dependent upon it as little 
 as possible. 
 
 X. Which would present the whole system complete in 
 one text-book in as simple a manner as possible and in such 
 order as to prevent unlearning or unnecessary work on the part 
 of the student. And, lastly, a system which would be so com- 
 bined in all its parts as to represent language with absolute 
 legibility and record the most rapid utterances of human 
 speech on the most technical subjects with certainty. 
 
 For some time the author's efiforts fell short of so high an 
 ideal, but after the construction of a number of systems, and 
 the publication and use of two which have met with no small 
 amount of success, we are happy to be able to state that our 
 final efiforts have been crowned with results which even ex- 
 ceeded our expectations, and we have a realization of the ideal 
 system in New Standard Shorthand. 
 
 The practicability of a system based upon and embodying 
 such principles as the foregoing must be conceded by all fair 
 minded people. 
 
 Great pains have been taken in the production of the text- 
 book of instruction, to make it thorough, complete and con- 
 cise, and to render it as perfect a self-instructor as is possible 
 to be done. 
 
 On each page of engraved matter a key is given to a suffi- 
 cient number of lines, to enable the student to understand 
 the practical working of the rule; while the remaining part 
 of the plate is without a key and is to be read from the 
 learner's own knowledge and understanding of the principle.
 
 PREFACE. 7 
 
 It is believed that this plan is by far the best for leading the 
 student out to think and act for himself — a point which he 
 must sooner or later acquire in order to reach any success. 
 
 Words which are contracted have, as far as possible, been 
 presented in connection with the lesson explainmg the 
 principle by which they are written. This arrangement 
 enables the student to learn them in a classified manner and at 
 a time when the rule by which they are written is fresh in the 
 memory. 
 
 At different stages of the subject matter we have given 
 plates of easy sentences, which form an excellent review of 
 past work, and which will lead the student to a knowledge of 
 the requirements of actual shorthand writing at a time in his 
 progress when such a realization is often of vast importance. 
 
 After a full exposition of the theory of the system, a 
 practical vocabulary of difficult words is presented, which 
 furnishes a perfect copy for the writing of more than a thou- 
 sand words, and which when thoroughly understood will act 
 as a guide to the correct writing of all the words in the 
 language. 
 
 Our experience in teaching shorthand has convinced us that 
 every student, upon completing the theory, stands in great need 
 of a thorough review in a practical way of the entire system. 
 The review is not needed so much in a repeated study of the 
 theory as in a thorough application of the theory to practical 
 work. To supply the student and teacher with this much 
 needed practice matter, we have arranged a complete set of 
 Review Lessons, which are given at the close of the book. 
 The course is so arranged as to take the student through the 
 practice of the entire theory in a new and entertaining manner, 
 and carries him on into the most practical dictation matter. 
 
 For the purpose of acquainting the reader with the principal 
 advantages of New Standard Shorthand, the marked
 
 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 features of the system are briefly explained in the Introduction 
 which follows. 
 
 With a belief that New Standard Shorthand will greatly 
 lesson the labors of those who already wield the stenographic 
 pen, and that it will bring shorthand writing within the reach 
 of every one, and enable the world to make a freer use of the 
 art than has been possible heretofore, we send it forth, re- 
 questing at the hands of each a careful and unprejudiced, 
 examination of the merits of the system. 
 
 Charles E. McKee.
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 For a great many years there has been an endeavor to 
 provide the world with a rapid and satisfactory method of 
 recording speech. Many methods have been devised for the 
 accomplishment of this noble object, and while some of them 
 have served their day and generation in a way, yet never 
 within the history of shorthand writing has there been such a 
 universal demand for a more certain and scientific method of 
 recording speech — a method more perfectly adapted to all 
 the requirements of modern times. The great advancement 
 that has been made in all the departments of human activity 
 within the past few years renders the systems of former days 
 behind the times in many ways, and incapable of meeting all 
 the requirements of this progressive age. 
 
 When the Pitman system, which forms the basis of most of 
 the systems in use to-day, was invented, there were not the 
 demands made upon the art of shorthand writing that there 
 are to-day. The alphabet then adopted was constructed upon 
 the idea that there was an affinity or relationship existing 
 between certain el'^mentary sounds and certain shorthand 
 characters. Thus the all-important questions, such as securing 
 easy combinations, obtaining simplicity and harmony of 
 principles, employing for most frequent use the easiest 
 characters, and adapting all the component parts to the 
 accomplishment of the one great object sought, namely, the 
 representing of language with the legibility of longhand and 
 swiftness of speech, were not taken into consideration in the 
 formation of the alphabet. And further, many of the prin-
 
 10 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 ciples in use to-day in the old systems have been added during 
 recent years in an attempt to meet the requirements of modern 
 times, and as a result the majority of them are not suited to 
 the alphabet or to each other. It is apparent that, in the con- 
 struction of a system of shorthand, as elsewhere m the inventive 
 field, in order to produce certain results, we must understand 
 all of the requirements thoroughly and so plan the foundation, 
 as well as the superstructure, as to conduce naturally towards 
 the accomplishment of our object. 
 
 In the construction of the New Standard Shorthand, the 
 controlling principle was the employing of the stenographic 
 material available in its order of practicability, and of assign- 
 ing to each sound such a value as would best fulfill the special 
 mission required of. it, and of employing such expedient 
 contracting principles in such manner as to produce a com- 
 plete, harmonious system, which would naturally write the 
 English language, including all of its peculiar, twisted com- 
 binations, with the swiftness of speech and legibility of 
 longhand. The result is, that in the New Standard Shorthand 
 we have a method which is equally well adapted to all classes 
 of shorthand work. It is so simple that all are able to learn 
 it ; so legible that all are able to read it ; and so swift that all 
 are able to write it. These three important features — simplicity, 
 legibility and rapidity — are the three cardinal virtues of New 
 Standard Shorthand, and it is the securing of these three in 
 such H high degree of perfection that renders this system of 
 shorthand so far superior to others. 
 
 For the benefit of those who desire to acquaint themselves 
 with the special features of the system, before or without 
 thoroughly mastering the principles from the text-book, we 
 explain a few of the whys and wherefores which make the 
 New Standard System of Shorthand what it is. 
 
 The New Standard Shorthand Alphabet. — Goinsf back
 
 INTRODUCTION. 11 
 
 to the foundation of the art, we find that the first question to 
 be considered is the arranging of the alphabet and in adapting 
 it to the general plan which is to follow, so as to naturally 
 write language legibly, easily and rapidly. As has already 
 been stated, our alphabet was constructed so as to utilize each 
 character where it would best do the work required of it in 
 writing. There are certain characters which are exceedingly 
 valuable in the beginning of words, but which, on account of 
 their form, are worthless in the middle or at the end of 
 outlines. This fact, however, does not at all embarrass or 
 hinder a perfect working of the material at hand, for there are 
 certain sounds in the language which occur very frequently 
 initially, but which rarely occur medially or finally. The 
 reverse of this is also true. Certain characters are valuable in 
 the middle or at the end of outlines which are almost useless 
 in the beginning of words, and any system which pretends to 
 have a practical foundation cannot afford to disregard these 
 existing conditions. And no less important is the fact that 
 in the English language certain sounds follow each other with 
 great frequency, while there are other sounds which rarely, 
 and some never, occur together. This fact must also be taken 
 into consideration in the formation of the alphabet before 
 any claim to practicability can be made. That such points 
 were not considered in the construction of the old alphabet 
 is apparent to any one and needs no argument for proof. By 
 taking cognizance of these existing condition,- the New 
 Standard System of Shorthand avoids all of the miserable 
 combinations which occur in the old systems, and is in no 
 case compelled to devise special hooks or other expedients 
 for the purpose of avoiding impractical combinations. 
 
 The other special features obtained in our Standard Short- 
 hand Alphabet are — First, the alphabet is composed entirely 
 of simple characters. There are absolutely no complex
 
 12 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 Strokes employed either for the consonants or the vowels. 
 This feature enables us to treat all characters alike and write 
 with the utmost degree of simplicity. Second, each sound is 
 represented by one simple character, there being no optional 
 forms whatever. This is of great assistance in writing. 
 There can be but one way to express the sounds desired and 
 hence there is no hesitating in writing as where a selection 
 must be made between different characters. Third, our 
 alphabet is composed of characters which are all of one 
 length. The vowels are represented by circles and loops and 
 the consonants by strokes of an equal degree of length. This 
 methodical arrangement has a threefold advantage. It pro- 
 duces the utmost simplicity in writing and ease in learning. 
 It secures perfect harmony in the application of principles, as 
 all characters can be treated alike. It enables the writer to 
 join vowels with consonants in all conceivable combinations, 
 and to make as free a use of one as of the other. 
 
 Connective Vowels. — The great difficulty experienced by- 
 all systems of shorthand has been to write language in full 
 and yet obtain a sufficient brevity for the recording of speech 
 as rapidly as it is spoken. This great difficulty led authors 
 of former times to represent the vowels by disjoined dots and 
 dashes, which were inserted after the words were written, 
 providing the writer had sufficient time to do so. This, 
 however, was by no means possible in reporting a speaker, 
 and as a result the writing was done largely with consonant 
 outlines. Such outlines are often sufficiently legible, when 
 there are no initial vowels and the consonants form the prin- 
 cipal part of the word, but, to practice such a principle of 
 omissions throughout renders the larger part of the writing 
 totally unintelligible. As a result of this practice, the old 
 systems represent many words by the same consonant outline, 
 and the reader must trust to the context for a correct render-
 
 INTRODUCTION. 13 
 
 ing of the outline in each particular instance. There are 
 numerous cases in these systems where one outline is used to 
 represent from ten to forty different words. 
 
 In New Standard Shorthand, the circles and loops are 
 utilized solely in representing the different vowel sounds, and 
 these are always written with the consonants without lifting 
 the pen, whether occurring initially, medially or finally. 
 The vowels being represented by circles and loops renders it 
 possible to join them in all cases with the utmost freedom, and 
 being composed of a distinct set of characters they are subject 
 to certain general rules of contracting which, together with 
 other new powers of contraction, makes the writing of New 
 Standard Shorthand briefer than the old systems which are 
 compelled to omit most of the vowels. Therefore, since this 
 system writes vowels as freely as consonants there can be no 
 conflicting of words in reading. Only words which are pro- 
 nounced alike can be written alike. 
 
 The Disuse of Positions. — The method employed in the. 
 old systems of representing the vowels by means of detached 
 dots and dashes and omitting them in actual work, rendered 
 the writing of these systems so illegible that a method of 
 expressing the vowels by positions was also adopted. Thus 
 consonant characters were written above the base line, on the 
 line, or below the line, and in each case as many as four or 
 five vowel sounds were understood either to precede or follow 
 the consonant character, and the reader was obliged to 
 decipher the word, trying this and that sound until a word 
 was made that seemed to fill the place. As but one vowel 
 sound could be expressed by any position, other vowels when 
 needed had to be inserted by the adding of dots or dashes, as 
 before. This imperfect method of writing is employed to 
 this day by all the Pitmanic systems, and is of the greatest 
 hindrance to easy learning, rapid writing and accurate reading.
 
 14 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 In the New Standard System of Shorthand the vowels are 
 always united with the consonants and no positions are em- 
 ployed in any way. Words are written in the same manner 
 as in longhand, by simply uniting the letters or characters in 
 their natural order of occurrence. In many cases words can 
 be written more rapidly by the use of vowels than could be 
 done without them. The reason of this being that, since the 
 vowels are all composed of either circles or loops, the con- 
 sonant characters can be united easier by throwing in a circle 
 or loop than by making an angle, as would otherwise be 
 required. The advantage derived from writing words in this 
 manner and without reference to position are so numerous and 
 apparent that we need not take the time to rehearse them. 
 
 Contracting Principles. — The two fundamental con- 
 tracting principles of shorthand writing are, the use of an 
 alphabet of the simplest characters, and writing words 
 phonetically. These tw^o main principles contract the writ- 
 ing to a large extent, but they do not render it sufficiently 
 brief for the most rapid work, and recourse is had to modifying 
 the characters, such as making them shorter or longer, for the 
 purpose of expressing certain sounds, thereby securing two 
 sounds and perhaps a syllable by one movement of the pen. 
 Such contracting principles are in this system of the most 
 simple and practical nature possible. They apply to all 
 characters alike in the writing of words, and are utilized for 
 such purposes as will handle the peculiar structure of the 
 English language in the best possible manner. There are but 
 four main principles, besides the use of the two hooks, and as 
 they are universal in their application, they need but be stated 
 in order to enable one to remember and apply them. A very 
 notable feature of the system is that long, technical words are 
 expressed with the utmost brevity. The reason of this is that 
 in the majority of long words there is a frequent occurrence of
 
 INTRODUCTION. 15 
 
 certain sounds, and in the construction of the system a method 
 of expressing such combinations was provided for through the 
 main contracting principles. 
 
 The expressing of the coalescents, which has long been the 
 stumbling block of shorthand systems, is accomplished in this 
 system by the application of the main principles, and their use 
 is so simple and natural that the learner seldom realizes that 
 there are such combinations; while in all other systems he 
 must be constantly drilled upon numerous special and compli- 
 cated methods of writing them. 
 
 The Use of Hooks. — Practical shorthand writers regard 
 the hook as one of the most valuable means of expressing 
 sounds. No appendage can be formed which is as rapid or 
 legible. The hook has long been used in shorthand systems, 
 but it has been employed as a means of covering up deficiencies 
 and avoiding bad combinations, instead of as a fundamental 
 principle forming a part of the general plan. 
 
 In New Standard Shorthand there are but two sizes of hooks 
 employed, a small hook and a large hook, and each one always 
 expresses the same sound in all conceivable combinations. 
 The hooks are as distinct and never failing in their represen- 
 tation as the characters of the alphabet, and lying at the 
 foundation of the structure, they are subject to the application 
 of general principles of the system. In the third lesson the 
 student learns the entire use of hooks, and thus the utmost 
 degree of simplicity is secured in what has hitherto been a 
 complicated subject. The difficulty attending the learning of 
 hooks as treated in other systems, and especially in the 
 Pitmanic, is only realized by those who have had the patience 
 and perseverance to wade through them. In the Pitmanic 
 systems a hook is employed for seven different purposes. 
 That is, when it is initial it represents one thing, and when 
 final another. The same hook also expresses one sound when
 
 16 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 turned on straight characters, but an entirely different value 
 is given to it when turned on curved characters. The same is 
 true with the direction in which it is turned or written. When 
 written on one side of a character the value given to it is 
 entirely different from what is assigned when written on the 
 opposite side. There is a vast difference between this mixed 
 up state of affairs and the simple, and even more judicious, use 
 that is made of hooks in the New Standard System of Short- 
 hand. The student in this system is saved an immense 
 amount of time and labor in acquiring their use, and equally 
 as much in learning to read from their practice. 
 
 Expression of Syllables. — The object of shorthand is to 
 record words in a legible manner as rapidly as they are spoken, 
 and in order to accomplish this in the easiest manner it is 
 necessary that the representation should correspond as nearly 
 as possible with the manner of speech. In the uttering of 
 words in speech the parts most distinctly heard are syllables, 
 and one of the most legible and powerful modes of shorthand 
 representation is by making the writing a counterpart of the 
 speech. 
 
 In New Standard Shorthand this is accomplished to a 
 remarkable extent, and in writing, many of the most commonly 
 occurring syllables are expressed by one simple stroke, and in 
 many cases two syllables are distinctly represented by a stroke 
 and an appendage. Where such a plan is uniform, as is the 
 case in New Standard Shorthand, the manner of writing one 
 syllable furnishes a key to hundreds of words in which the 
 same syllable occurs. The syllables thus formed in this system 
 are those which are made naturally by the application of the 
 general contracting principles, and are not, as in many systems, 
 conventional and arbitrary forms which must be committed to 
 memory regardless of any connection with the principles of 
 the system.
 
 INTRODUCTION. 17 
 
 Regular and Analogous Outlines, — Another important 
 element in the representation of speech is the securing of 
 regular and analogous outlines. Outlines which are composed 
 of regular and uniform characters are much easier to write and 
 read than those of any other formation. And it is of the 
 utmost importance that the outlines of words should in 
 appearance or mode of structure conform to one another in 
 proportion to the likeness of their pronunciation. The basis 
 of New Standard Shorthand is such that these essential points 
 are bound to be subserved. The consonants of the alphabet 
 being composed of simple regular characters of the same 
 length, and the vowels by circles and loops, the writing pro- 
 duced cannot be otherwise than regular and uniform. There 
 being but one form of characters to represent the several 
 sounds of the language, and these being written upon broad 
 and natural principles, the outlines produced in writing cannot 
 be otherwise than analogous. This natural producing of 
 regular, uniform outlines and forming derivative words by 
 simply adding to the primitive form, saves the learner a large 
 amount of labor of head and hand. 
 
 Disuse of Prefixes and Suffixes. — It has been very 
 common for shorthand authors in attempting to secure brevity 
 to burden their systems with detached signs to express prefixes 
 and suffices. Of course a certain amount of brevity must be 
 obtained, and where material has been wasted, as is the case 
 in the majority of systems, the method of arbitrarily repre- 
 senting prefixes and suffixes by detached signs is one way to 
 patch up the weakly structure, but it is certainly a very poor 
 way. Every detached prefix or suffix not only necessitates a 
 pen-lifting, which is acknowledged to be equal to at least one 
 pen-stroke, but it requires a special mental effort to separate 
 the detached part from the rest of the word and write its 
 proper sign and the proper relative position. The structure
 
 18 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 of New Standard Shorthand is such that it will naturally write 
 all combinations without resorting to detached signs, and thus 
 the writer is again saved the trouble of mastering what has 
 heretofore been an extremely difficult subject. 
 
 Ease of Phrase-writing. — Since this system makes the 
 most frequent use of those characters which are easiest in 
 formation and writes in one continuous line without the use 
 of any positions, words can be joined together as phrases with 
 the utmost freedom. While there are no obstructions to 
 phrasing in this system, as in others where positions are 
 employed, yet we do not believe "in running phrase wild," 
 and " stringing words together," as some systems attempt to 
 do. To join small words which are continually occurring, 
 however, is a most valuable method of accelerating the speed 
 of writing, and where proper provisions have been made in 
 the construction of the system for such practice it is even an 
 aid to rapid reading. 
 
 Harmony of Parts. — It is the complete adaptation of all 
 the parts to the accomplishment of the object sought that 
 measures the success of any system or combination of things. 
 No system, however meritorious in some directions, is all that 
 it could be or should be without perfect harmony existing 
 between all the component parts. In the construction of 
 New Standard Shorthand a definite and thoroughly practical 
 plan was followed and each component part was made to do 
 its special work in the best possible manner, and at the same 
 time subserve all the other parts in the accomplishment of 
 the great purpose of the system. As a result this system writes 
 the English language naturally, legibly and briefly, and with- 
 out the many detrimental features that originated in former 
 days, and which have unfortunately been largely adhered to by 
 the authors who have followed. 
 
 Our Former Shorthand Works. — The author's former
 
 INTRODUCTION. 19 
 
 productions on the subject of shorthand have been well received 
 by the public. They were the fruits of our best etiorts at the 
 time of their publication, and through the chain of improve- 
 ments adopted in them was gained a varied and valuable 
 experience, which has developed upon a broader plan 
 •* New Standard Shorthand." This, our latest work, comes 
 as a settled standard, in which every writer can repose with 
 confidence in its unchangeableness. It is the author's ideal 
 system, allowing for human imperfections, and while we 
 expect to be progressive, yet the plan upon which it is con- 
 structed is broad and in perfect accord with what leading 
 shorthand investigators have sought for, and the completeness 
 of the structure is such that the foundation must ever remain 
 the same. 
 
 In the production of this work, we acknowledge our indebt- 
 edness not to any earthly book or author, but to the great 
 Author and Designer of Life, who has sustained our life 
 through a protracted illness, enabling us to finish this work, 
 and whom it has pleased to exceedingly bless our humble efforts. 
 
 Charles E. McKee.
 
 CONSTITUTION 
 
 Of the United States of Anieriea. 
 
 6 / 
 
 \r-^ 

 
 PRINCIPLES. 21 
 
 DEFINITIONS. 
 
 Phonetics or Phonology. — The science which treats of 
 the different sounds of the human voice, and their relations. 
 
 Phonograph or Phonogram. — A letter or symbol repre- 
 senting a sound in writing. 
 
 Phonography. — The art of representing spoken sounds by 
 written signs ; i. e., by phonographs. 
 
 Stenography or Shorthand. — A contracted method of 
 writing. 
 
 Note. — The terms Phonography and Shorthand are often used inter- 
 changeably, but there is a distinction which should be recognized. The 
 word Phonography applies to any method of writing which is phonetic, 
 and does not necessarily mean brief writing. Stenography or Shorthand 
 refers to any method of brief or close writing, and does not necessarily 
 mean phonetic writing. In the practice of the art of Phonography, it is 
 impossible to write with sufilicient speed and express all the sounds in 
 words, and hence in actual work we all write Stenography or Shorthand, 
 no matter how much we worship the term Phonography. 
 
 Phrase. — A number of words written together without 
 lifting the pen. 
 
 Outline. — As employed in Shorthand, a character or 
 characters used in representing a word, or phrase. 
 
 Cognate. — Allied in origin ; partaking of the same nature. 
 Cognate letters are those which are similiar in sound, as/, b 
 and /, d, etc. 
 
 Coalesce. — To combine, to unite in harmony. In short- 
 hand consonants coming together, as/r in pray, spr in spray, 
 are said to coalesce, and are called the coalescents. 
 
 Context. — The connected structure of a sentence or 
 sentences, especially the parts of a sentence preceding and 
 following a word or phrase.
 
 22 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 LESSON J. 
 
 THE NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND ALPHABET. 
 
 Since it is necessary that shorthand writing should be very- 
 brief, we begin with the alphabet and employ the simplest 
 signs possible to represent the sounds of the language. The 
 stroke characters are so classified as to indicate the direction 
 in which they should be written. 
 
 L ^/>wa rd 
 
 Dowmuard 
 
 zh I ch 
 
 f ■" *' 7i y 
 
 J Backward / / /^ J J 
 
 Another fundamental principle, whereiby shorthand is made 
 brief, is in writing according to sound. There are, however, 
 more sounds in our language than the twenty-six represented 
 in longhand, and, therefore, we employ more characters or 
 letters than are used in the ordinary Roman alphabet. The 
 vowel sounds are all represented by circles and loops. There 
 are three sizes of circles and two of loops, thus: 
 
 .,, , A j: r O V 
 
 lo-U'ds O O o ^ (^ 
 
 The various sounds of each vowel are represented by slight 
 modifications of the same character, as shown at the bottom 
 of the following page. 
 
 Note — The learner should now copy the characters given above, tak- 
 ing jmins to form them accurately, and to write them in the proper 
 direction.
 
 THE 23 
 
 STANDARD SHORTHAND ALPHABET 
 
 
 
 Consonants 
 
 
 
 T 
 
 D 
 
 r 
 
 B 
 
 \ 
 
 by 
 
 K 
 
 C 
 
 tie 
 
 die 
 
 
 cane 
 
 gnir. 
 
 F 
 
 T" 
 
 Ch 
 
 J 
 
 Q 
 
 Th 
 
 / 
 
 / 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 /an 
 
 van 
 
 each 
 
 ed^-e 
 
 quick 
 
 thick 
 
 N 
 
 M 
 
 S 
 
 Z 
 
 R 
 
 L 
 
 nun 
 
 inutn 
 
 seal 
 
 zeal 
 
 ray 
 
 lay 
 
 Sh Zh ing H V 
 
 ^ ^ ^ J J 
 
 ash azure sm^ he J'^ 
 
 ir Wh 
 
 or ^ ^ o. (y 
 
 Voivels 
 
 Q 
 
 aid 
 
 -o 
 each 
 
 
 
 ice 
 
 old 
 
 
 a 
 
 e 
 
 
 
 T 
 
 O 
 
 It 
 
 o 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 add 
 
 ebb 
 
 
 
 is 
 
 odd 
 
 MS 
 
 aw 
 
 eu 
 
 
 
 oy 
 
 Oil 
 
 OO 
 
 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 o . 
 
 (7 
 
 ^ 
 
 saw 
 
 new 
 
 Copyriyht 
 
 . 1801 
 
 toy 
 , \>s I.'. E. IKKrt. 
 
 now 
 
 onzt
 
 2-i NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 STANDARD SHORTHAND ALPHABET IN A, B, C ORDER. 
 
 While practicing the alphabet, the student should observe 
 the likeness of sound existing between the light characters and 
 the shaded characters. For example, the/ and ^ are very- 
 similar in sound, and are represented by strokes which are 
 similar, the light stroke representing the light sound, and the 
 heavy stroke representing the heavy sound. Letters which 
 are allied, as p and b, are called cognate letters, and the 
 alphabet is almost entirely composed of pairs of this kind. 
 
 It is very important that the learner should understand the 
 difference between the formation of they^and v and the k and 
 g. By reference to longhand writing, it will be seen that all 
 strokes made upward slant more than those which are made 
 downward. 
 
 Therefore, as the k and^ are always written upwards, they 
 will necessarily slant more than the/ and v, which are always 
 written downwards. 
 
 Note. — Since words are written according to sound in shorthand, we 
 have no use for a character to represent c excepting in the writing of 
 initials in proper names. Hard c, as \ncat, always has the sound of /•, 
 while soft C, as in cent, always has the sound of 5. When occasion re- 
 quires a ^ in writing initials of proper names, it is expressed by the char- 
 acter for s, with a dot alongside. 
 
 The letter x represents the sounds eks, but for the sake of brevity, it 
 is represented in shorthand by a dot when occurring initially, instead of 
 writing the different letters of which it is composed. 
 
 In writing with a pen it is necessary to turn it a trifle in order to shade 
 the^. The k, ^ and q must always be written upwards, but such pro- 
 visions have been made in the system that it is not absolutely necessary 
 to shade the g^.
 
 STANDARD SHORTHAND ALPHABET 25 
 
 in the a, b, c, order. 
 A B C D E F G 
 
 n . I J 
 
 A' L j\r X 
 
 p 
 
 R S 
 
 T 
 
 u 
 
 V 
 
 / 
 
 
 7Vi Ch Sk 
 
 Zh IVJi Ing 
 
 IVRITJNG EXERCISE. 
 
 II ■// 
 
 OO OO oo (p ^ ^ ^ 
 
 /7 /? (y O 
 
 Copyn'jht. 18!ll, l;j C. E. McKce.
 
 20 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 DIRECTIONS TO THE STUDENT. 
 
 Materials. — Upon commencing the study of shorthand, 
 the student should provide himself with a good note-book 
 and a pen or pencil perfectly adapted to the hand. Since the 
 New Standard Shorthand is written without regard to positions, 
 it is immaterial whether the paper be ruled or not. If ruled, 
 however, the lines should be light and either red or blue, so as 
 not to detract from the appearance of the shorthand writing. 
 
 As to the use of a pen or pencil, we would strongly urge the 
 use of a good fountain pen. Writing can be executed more 
 neatly and legibly with a pen than with a pencil, and 
 is more durable. There are, however, exceptions to all 
 rules, and occasionally \ye find persons who can pi educe 
 better writing with a pencil than with a pen. Those who use 
 pencils should keep on hand a number neatly sharpened which 
 are well suited to the hand and paper. 
 
 Manner of Holding the Pen. — The pen should be 
 held the same as in writing longhand, except that the 
 holder need not point over the shoulder, but can be permitted 
 to point on a line with the forearm. When the pen is so held 
 as to shade the letter b with the utmost freedom, it is then in 
 the best position for executing any of the shorthand characters. 
 Some writers hold the i)en between the first and second 
 fingers, and while this is not quite so free for general use, yet 
 it is very useful as a means of changing and resting the hand 
 when the work is ])rolonged to many hours.
 
 PRINCIPLES. 27 
 
 Formation of Characters. — In the formation of short- 
 hand characters, care should be taken to make them all of a 
 uniform length. Each character should be formed easily and 
 naturally, and without forcing the hand in its execution. The 
 shaded characters should be simply enough heavier than the 
 light ones to distinguish them, and the learner will find that 
 in actual work many shades can be omitted and the writing 
 still remain perfectly legible. 
 
 How TO Learn Shorthand. — Begin the study with the 
 firm resolve \.o practice and persevere and the battle is half 
 won . 
 
 In order that each lesson may be thoroughly mastered, the 
 following course should be pursued : First, read over the 
 explanation of the lesson, carefully referring to the shorthand 
 plate on the opposite page for illustrations as you go along. 
 Second, copy the shorthand plate of characters into your 
 note-book, pronouncing each word as you write its outline. 
 Third, write the plate of characters from dictation without 
 referring to the book ; and, fourth, read back the words 
 from your shorthand notes, while the one who dictated them 
 observes that you read correctly. / 
 
 Note. — If you do not have a teacher to read for you and correct your 
 work, before taking the third step you can write a key to the shorthand 
 plate in longhand, and then anyone can dictate the lesson to you from the 
 longhand key. 
 
 Each lesson should be repeatedly written from dictation until every 
 word in it can be written without hesitation.
 
 28 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 LESSON 2. 
 
 COMBINATIONS. 
 
 In this system all letters are combined in their natural order 
 without lifting the pen. Since consonants are generally fol- 
 lowed by vowels, the connections are made largely by the use 
 of circles and loops. 
 
 The illustrations to the right show that the circles and loops 
 are turned on other characters with a continuous movement. 
 They are turned on the inside of curves, but on straight lines 
 there are two sides on which they could be turned, and the 
 following rule should be followed : 
 
 Circles and loops are turned on all straight strokes with a 
 movement turning to the right, the same as that described by 
 the hands of a clock. See lines 3, 4 and 11. 
 
 Line 4 on the following page shows how a distinction is 
 made between the long vowel and the short vowel sounds. 
 In actual work, however, such distinctions are seldom made, 
 and in reading the remainder of the following plate, the 
 student may pronounce each word regardless of either short 
 or long vowels, as each outline will, as a rule, make but the 
 one word. 
 
 Note. — In practicing tliis lesson, the learner should be particular to 
 form the circles as nearly round as possible, and to make the loops long 
 and narrow. Let it be a rule from now on that you will never write a 
 word in shorthand that is not correctly formed and perfectly legible. The 
 circle for a should be written as large as in the copy, while the circles for 
 e and i can be made nearly alike, as they form words in writing which 
 seldom conflict.
 
 COMBLKA TIONS. 
 
 29 
 
 say 
 
 1 -.^ 
 
 may 
 
 3 cr 
 
 add 
 
 G 
 
 eat 
 
 cr 
 
 sigh 
 
 9 
 
 my 
 
 am 
 
 6"^ 
 
 oath 
 
 jrtZf 
 
 lis out 
 
 / 
 
 • c-x ^ cr^ 
 
 ■-_o 
 
 '^ 
 
 ~^ 
 
 cr 
 
 < / 
 
 N-^ V V^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 Coi^ynght. 1801, l.y C E. McSe,
 
 30 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 PHOxNETIC SPELLING. 
 
 In writing shorthand, all words are written as pronounced, 
 and no attention whatever is paid to the common English 
 spelling. Most words are made shorter by being spelled 
 phonetically, and as this is the most natural and easy method 
 conceivable, it is of vast importance to the art of shorthand 
 writing. 
 
 It would be a great blessing to humanity if phonetic spelling 
 was in every-day use. Our present spelling is gradually 
 changing to the phonetic, and we hope the day is not far dis- 
 tant when our language will be written as spoken. 
 
 The following selected words will train the learner to a 
 correct understanding of the real sounds contained in words 
 which are commonly spelled at variance to the rule of 
 phonetic spelling : 
 
 Rule. — Spell all words as pronounced. 
 
 a. bread bred, dead ded, {ea.r/er, earth erl/i, boat l>ol. 
 
 b. dumb dum, climb A'l/m, doubt doi/l, debt del. 
 
 c. scent senl, science slens, check e/ie^, quick ^wlk. 
 e. heart /larl, same sam, write rll, fine yf«, awe a. 
 g. gnash 7ias/i, resign rezln, (ore'ign /orln, feign/an. 
 h. ghost ^^osl, honest onesl, rhetoric reioi-ik, herb erb. 
 
 i. field /<•///, hail hal, seize sez, saint jrtf«/, lien Icn. 
 
 k. know no, knife nif, knight nit, knock nok, knave nav. 
 
 \. \yc\{ haf, walk zvak, would witd, calm /Cv?;;/, talk tak. 
 
 n. kiln kil, hymn him, column kolum, condemn kondem. 
 
 o. people /r//, broad brad, coui)le /'////, ])igeon ///>/.
 
 PRINCIPLES. 31 
 
 p. corps kor, cupboard kubrd, psalm sam, raspberry 
 razberi. 
 
 s. island Hand, isle //, viscount vikoiint, aisle il. 
 
 t. match much, latch lach, depot depo, often ofn. 
 
 u. guide, ^/V/, guard ^^'^r^^Z, source i'(5'ri-, guinea ^/«d!. 
 
 w. whole hoi, whom hom, owe o, sword sord, wrong rong. 
 
 y. pray J>?'a, they t/ia, delay de/a, convey konva. 
 
 use I. phrase /rrtiz, phlegm y?^;«, laugh laf, rough ruf. 
 
 use j. gemjejn, Gtorge. Jorj, ]\xdge.Juj, surgeon surjn. 
 
 use a. feign yi?«, reign, ran, weigh wa, eight at. 
 
 use u. flewy?//, knew ;7z^, blew bhi, lieu ///-, ityn fu. 
 
 use sh. sure j-/z«r, ocean oshn, motion moshn, machine 
 inashen.
 
 32 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 COMBINATIONS CONTINUED. 
 
 In the preceding lesson the student was told to turn circles 
 and loops, when joined to straight lines, to the right; that is, 
 in the direction in which the hands of a clock move. When 
 circles or loops occur between two strokes, as shown in line i 
 on the following page, they can be turned in whichever 
 direction is most convenient for the writer. 
 
 Line 8 on the following page contains words ending in ing. 
 The termination ing is always expressed by the ng character. 
 
 The loops can be joined in a pendant manner when occurring 
 between two straight strokes, as shown in line 9. 
 
 Lines 11 and 12 on the following page contain words 
 beginning with w, and line 13, words beginning with wh. 
 The iv is indicated by beginning the line which forms the 
 vowel across the stroke on which it is turned ; or in other 
 words, it is simply the last part of the w character that is used. 
 
 REVIEW QUESTIONS, 
 
 In what way docs the shorthand alphabet differ from the h)nghand 
 alphabet ? 
 
 Is there any similarity existing between letters represented by light 
 strokes and letters represented by shaded strokes ? 
 
 Why is it that more characters are employed in the sliorthand aljihabet 
 than are used in the longhand alphabet ? 
 
 How are the strokes representingy and V known from those represent- 
 ing k and.^ ? Why is there so little use for a character representing c in 
 shorthand writing ? How are the vowels united with the consonant 
 character ? In what direction should the circles and loops be turned 
 when united with straight lines ? When is it allowable to turn them in 
 the other direction ? How should the vowel U be written in the word 
 pup ? How is the w and wh written when beginning a word ?
 
 tap 
 
 COMBINA TIONS; 
 
 COXTINUED. 
 tip cap keep 
 
 33 
 
 pave teach 
 
 > 
 
 O — 0- 
 
 T 
 
 T 
 
 -^ C^ (J^ ^L_^ 6-> 
 
 ?(/^rt payee iota poem 
 
 ^ -^ > 
 
 kaolin Ohio 
 
 ^ 7^ ^ ^ d- 
 
 ^ 
 
 Copyright, 1891, bj C. E. McKm.
 
 34 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 LESSON 3. 
 
 THE HOOKS. 
 
 A small hook represents s. The hook is turned in the same 
 manner as the circles and loops, by turning to the right on 
 all straight lines and on the inside of all curves. When the 
 hook is shaded it represents the sounds of s. This small hook 
 always represents s or s, whether it occurs at the beginning, in 
 the middle or at the end of an outline. See lines i to 7 on 
 the following page. 
 
 A large hook turned on any character represents;/, as shown 
 in line 8. When this hook is shaded it represents ;n. See line 
 10. This large hook always represents n or m, no matter 
 where it occurs. When used initially the n hook expresses the 
 syllables m, en and iin, as shown in line 11 ; while the ;;/ hook 
 expresses the syllables im, em and 11m. 
 
 In practicing this lesson, the learner should take special care 
 to form the small hooks as small as possible and the large 
 hooks of good size. There should always be such a vast 
 difference between them as to preclude any possibility of their 
 conflicting in writing. 
 
 To one accustomed to shorthand writing, hooks are extremely 
 easy of formation. They should be formed by simply allowing 
 the hand to turn them easily and naturally, as a continuation 
 of the character, and without forcing the hand or checking the 
 motion of the pen. 
 
 REVIEW QUESTIONS. 
 For what is a small hook employed ? In what direction is it turned? 
 What does a large hook represent? What syllable or syllables are 
 expressed by the large hook initially ? What does the large hook repre- 
 sent when shaded ? How should these hooks be written that they may 
 always be legible ?
 
 THE HOOKS 
 
 35 
 
 stay 
 
 2 stic/c 
 
 ^A 
 
 sno'u s/:y 
 
 spy slay sl<no 
 
 ^ ^ ^ 
 
 steal stare steam stitch start 
 
 s J/i?rt/6 Spare speed spoke slam skip 
 
 "^ 
 
 latin beaten mitten taken maiden fatten 
 
 demon layman famine lemon hitman skocvman 
 
 <^ "V:^ J-^ "-^^ 
 
 ^^ ^ n^ -:><_, 
 
 /^ 
 
 - ^V~ ^ c^ ^ .rf 
 
 1^ 
 
 o CTN V _^ -^-^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 Cofyrifht. 1801. bj C. E. McEce.
 
 36 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 CONTRACTED OUTLINES. 
 
 Thus far the shorthand writing has been made brief by a 
 simple alphabet and phonetic spelling. Another principle 
 employed whereby it is made briefer is by representing some 
 of the most commonly occurring words by the leading letter 
 of the word. 
 
 Since spoken English is largely composed of certain small 
 words which occur over and over, this method of abbreviation 
 is, when judiciously employed, very valuable. These common 
 words also form phrases of very frequent occurrence, and each 
 word is so represented as to produce a legible outline, and at 
 the same time one that will join in phrases with the utmost 
 ease. 
 
 It is sometimes advantageous to represent two words by the 
 same outline, as in the case of me and my, be and by, which 
 are given on the following page. Only such words as will 
 not give rise to any difficulty in reading, however, have been 
 represented in this way, and this system never so expresses 
 more than two words. 
 
 This list should be thoroughly committed, by first copying 
 the outlines a number of times with pen or pencil, and then 
 writing them from dictation. The sentences which follow 
 will show the practical use of such contractions. 
 
 REVIEW QUESTIONS. 
 
 What three principles have thus far been employed to render shorthand 
 writing brief ? How are you to know the word me from 7>iy in reading 
 shorthand ? In what diiection is the r written in the words or and ourf 
 Why is it more perpendicular than the r in the word are ? Would you 
 think it necessaiy to shade the letter^ in the word^i? ? Could it be read 
 as any other word than go if not shaded ?
 
 CONTRACTED OUTLINES. 
 
 37 
 
 the that I you a-and as is zee why 
 
 to do no me-y so was thing to-do 
 
 of have <;o question which judge ptiblic he-y 
 
 / / / / I I \ \ 
 
 will are or-our he young 'ivish 
 
 SENTENCES. 
 
 o 
 
 c ^ 
 
 C o 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 \ 
 
 / ^ X 
 
 \ 
 
 ^ 
 
 1 o 
 
 C o 
 
 / 
 
 O 
 
 Copyright. 1801, by C. E. McKee. 
 
 4522fi0
 
 yy NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 LESSON 4. 
 
 THE HALVING PRINCIPLE. 
 
 Another mode of contracting shorthand writing is by 
 modifying the size or length of characters for the purpose of 
 expressing following sounds. In this system, all such changes 
 aie of the simplest nature possible, and apply to all the char- 
 acters of the alphabet alike. 
 
 The stroke characters are all made half their usual length 
 for the purpose of adding a following r. By the application 
 of this principle, all of the r coalescents are expressed with 
 one stroke. The r coalesces with /, d, p, b, k, g,f, th and sh, 
 and is expressed by halving these letters, as shown in lines 
 I to 6. 
 
 When t follows other letters with which it never coalesces, 
 as in hear, near, etc., the r can be expressed also by halving, 
 as shown in line 6. For example, the word tiear when written 
 in this way could not be read nre instead of ner, as the n and 
 r never come together as coalescents. 
 
 It will, perhaps, be of assistance to the learner to observe 
 that the letters with which r coalesces are straight lines, except 
 sh, and that the ;- does not coalesce with the curves. 
 
 RKVIKW QUESTIONS. 
 When a character is made half its usual length, what letter is implied ? 
 In the word hire, how do you know that the r comes after the ?', and why 
 could it not be read //;/ ? With what clnss of letters does ;• coalesce, with 
 tlie straight lines or the curves? How are the words ivere and luhcre 
 written ? What is meant by the r coalescents ?
 
 .HALVIHG PRINCIPI.E. 
 
 39 
 
 tray 
 
 tree 
 
 try 
 
 pray 
 
 pry 
 
 trade treat prayed trick trim 
 \ / _ 
 
 cry 
 train 
 
 preacher 
 
 traitor 
 mere 
 
 V 
 
 V^ V_ N^ 
 
 cracker primer trimmer briefer 
 
 sir higher hair share 
 
 -^ -^ y \^ 
 
 ^' ^ • <f 
 
 -^ 
 
 ; 
 
 J., 
 
 there during- for I'^^y great church proper droad 
 - - / / /^ I \ \ 
 
 nor more s~vore large here year 'tcere xvhere 
 
 Cop'jriyhl, 1301, 1,^ C. E. McKco.
 
 40 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 LESSON 5. 
 
 LENGTHENING PRINCIPLE. 
 
 All the characters of the alphabet are lengthened for the 
 purpose of adding a following / or d. In writing such words 
 as read, need, etc., where a vowel intervenes, the first con- 
 sonant can be lengthened and vowel placed at the end, as 
 shown on lines 2, 3 and 4. 
 
 As a rule, no difficulty will be experienced in reading, from 
 allowing either z. t ox d to be added by lengthening. Should 
 there occur a case where such practice would allow two words 
 to conflict, then the lengthening principle should only be 
 permitted to express the letter /, and the word containing 
 the d should be written out. 
 
 This lengthening principle is also applied to the hooks, 
 more especially the large hooks, as is shown in line 8. Where 
 a t sound follows these hooks, generally the n hook, it blends 
 with the n so completely that, even though omitted in pro- 
 nunciation, its absence is not very noticeable. This being 
 true, it will be apparent that such words will be perfectly 
 legible, even though the writer fail to elongate the hook 
 sufficiently to show the added /. 
 
 In words XWo. acted, ended, etc., where the ed expresses the 
 past tense, the ed can be expressed by superlengthening, as 
 shown in line 10. 
 
 REVIEW QUESTIONS. 
 What letters are expressed by the lengthening principle ? Should two 
 ■words conflict from allowing either / or a' to be added, how can they be 
 distinguished ? How are the hooks written so as to indicate an added / or 
 d ? Can the re/ and wh characters be lengthened or enlarged to add 
 tox dy
 
 LENGTHENING PRINCIPLE. 
 
 41 
 
 pint 
 
 cast 
 
 utd paint talked 
 
 need deed seed paid read suit 
 
 patent parent payment prominent pretend eminent 
 
 ^-^ ^ 
 
 c — ^ 
 
 did said not tnight -write Jet shotdd 
 
 had cotdd hit pitt with would what 
 
 ^y ./^ \^ \ n r^ Cy 
 
 Copi,ii:,lil, liidi, b^ C. E. McKee.
 
 42 MEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 HINTS UPON WRITING SHORTHAND. 
 
 In order to write shorthand rapidly and legibly, the char- 
 acters must be executed easily and with a continuous gliding 
 movement. The pen oi pencil must be held lightly, and in 
 writing it should glide over the paper with ease, grace and 
 precision. 
 
 It should be the aim of every student to write shorthand at 
 least well, if not expertly, and in order to do this it is neces- 
 sary for the student to practice intelligently and perseveringly. 
 Beginners frequently write shorthand in an awkward manner, 
 and this can be overcome only by patient practice, directed 
 by a thorough understanding of the requirement 15 of the 
 individual case. 
 
 The student should follow the copies given in each lecson 
 very carefully, observing the size, slant, etc., of each character 
 and the distance allowed between outlines. The outlines 
 should be neither scattered nor crowded, and, upon finishing 
 an outline, the next one should be commenced as the hand 
 moves onward in a direct line, thus aiming to loiie no time or 
 10 cause no useless expenditure of effort. Shaded characters 
 should be executed with one sweep of the pen and never by 
 retracing. 
 
 ^\■R^rl^'(■. kxkrcise. 
 
 The, that, I, you, and, as, is, we, why, to, do, no, me, my, was, thing, of, 
 have, go, question, which, judge, public, be, will, are, or, he, young, wish, 
 there, during, for, very, great, church, proper, broad, nor, more, swore, 
 large, here, year, were, where, did, said, not, might, write, let, should, had, 
 could, but, put, with, would, what.
 
 o 
 
 SENTENCES 
 
 for practice in reading and wriiing 
 
 43 
 
 D 
 
 \ > 
 
 ^ 
 
 /9 
 
 i^ 
 
 / 3 
 
 \-— X ^ y o v 
 
 O 3 / 
 
 3 
 
 Cy 
 
 9 o 
 
 ^ 
 
 15 O 
 
 o 
 
 / 
 
 
 > ^ ^ ^^- V
 
 44 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 LESSON G. 
 
 MINUTING PRINCIPLE. 
 
 Since there are no tick characters in the alphabet, the stroke 
 characters can all be made into minute ticks, and this is done 
 for the purpose of adding a following /. See lines i and 2. 
 This principle enables us to express all of the / coalescent 
 combinations, //, bl, kl, gl, and fl, by simply minuting the 
 character which precedes the /. 
 
 When pi or bl follow an m or n, as in line 8, the tick rep- 
 resenting the // or bl should be struck backwards. 
 
 These minute characters should never become confused 
 with the half-length characters. When any character is ticked, 
 it should be made as minute as can naturally be formed, and 
 as there is no danger of making them too short, there can be 
 a vast difference made between the ticks and half-length 
 strokes. 
 
 In writing words that begin with tick characters, as shown 
 in lines 5 and 6, care must be taken to make the ticks per- 
 fectly straight. For example, in the word plight, if the pi is 
 written carelessly and allowed to curve, it will have a tendency 
 to present the appearance of a a/ or wh. 
 
 REVIEW QUESTIONS. 
 
 For what purpose are characters made into minute ticks ? How short 
 should the tick characters be made ? With what letters does the / coalesce ? 
 How is //and bl written when they follow an tn ox n ? What word is 
 represented by a minute r ? What is represented by a minute/ ? How 
 is the word shall written ?
 
 MmUTINd FRIKCIPLE. 
 
 45 
 
 /ad/e 
 
 treble 
 
 play 
 h 
 
 plight 
 
 title fable cable libel able 
 
 -^ O^ /^ X ^ 
 
 horrible scribble 
 
 X c/ 
 
 ply 
 
 \ 
 
 blame 
 
 fy 
 
 clip 
 
 u. 
 
 trijle, 
 
 clay 
 glad 
 
 trickle eiitial 
 
 Jlotv 
 split 
 
 glee 
 fleet 
 
 ~X) 
 
 ^7^» 
 
 9- 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 \ cx — \ - 
 
 / 
 
 p^o/>/s ride gentlemen shall soul mail 
 
 \ r- I V ^ _ 
 
 Copi,,t.j/it, 1801, bj C. K. McKec-
 
 46 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 LESSON T. 
 
 THE REVERSING PRINCIPLE. 
 
 The circles, loops and hooks have heretofore been turned 
 on all straight strokes in a direct manner, and, therefore, the 
 reverse or opposite side of such characters remain unused. 
 
 The circles, loops and hooks are now united with strokes 
 by a reverse motion ; that is, by a motion contrary to the 
 direction described by the hands of a clock, for the purpose 
 of adding a following s or z sound. 
 
 It will be observed that this rule applies whether the circles, 
 loops and hooks occur initially or finally. In the word ascribe, 
 which is the third word in line 5, the vowel / is medial, and 
 as was stated in the beginning, when the circles and loops 
 occur in the middle of words, they can be turned in which- 
 ever direction is easiest. It should be noticed, however, that 
 when two straight lines running in the same direction occur 
 together, the easiest way to turn the vowel is in the direct 
 manner, and, therefore, they can be reversed to add s ox s, as 
 is shown by the first three words in line 2. 
 
 When the s hook is reversed it adds a following s, thereby 
 making the syllables siis, ses, etc., as shown in line 8. 
 
 Line 10 contains words beginning with w and wh followed 
 by vowels, which are turned in a reverse manner to add a 
 following s ox z sound. 
 
 REVIEW QUESTIONS. 
 For wliat purpose are the circles, loops and hooks written in a reverse 
 manner? When circles and loops occur in the middle of words, does it 
 matter in which way they are turned? What syllables are formed when the 
 J liook is reversed ?
 
 REVERSING FRINCIPLE. 
 
 47 
 
 cfavs those 
 
 pass case these 
 
 \o ^ ^ 
 
 taste 
 
 _Q 
 
 test 
 
 n 
 
 task 
 
 trace dress 
 
 peace 
 
 price 
 
 4 \3 "o 
 
 p ^ 
 
 O^ O^ CXV "^^ oA 
 
 mittens kittens pretence importance opens diffeioice 
 
 inspire instead install inscribe institute instance 
 
 C_ 
 
 C 
 
 C 
 
 V. %^ ^A 
 
 " u^ / 
 
 
 \ 
 
 b \ 
 
 J^ / O XD / 
 
 o 
 
 / 
 
 \o X 
 
 Jesus cases possess process this 
 
 \- \. — 
 
 L y 
 
 Copiiriaht. 1801, l>j C. E. McKee.-
 
 48 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 CONTRACTED WORDS. 
 
 REVIEWED. 
 
 Before attempting to read the sentences on the following 
 page, the student should make a careful study of the list of 
 words as given below. This list contains all the contracted 
 words which have thus far been given, and also all extra words 
 which are represented by the same outline. In those cases 
 where two words are represented by the same outline the new 
 word which is now introduced for the first time is printed in 
 italics. 
 
 The, that, I, you, a-and, as, is, wQ-wiy, \vhy, io-two, do, 
 no, me-my, so-society, was, ih.mg-think, of, hdiVQ-heavefi, go- 
 God, question, which- change,]\idgQ-just. public-/?/^//>A, be-by, 
 wWX-well, are, or-our, he, young-r^/", wish-j/^i?, there, during, 
 for, very, great, church- charge, proper-// ^^r/V, hxodid-brought, 
 nor, more, sviort-swear, large, here-^<!'r, year, were, where, 
 did, said, not-note, might-made, write-rig/if, \e\.-ltght, should, 
 had, con\d-good, hut- bought, put, with, would, what, rule, 
 gentlemen, shall, sou\-sale, mail, people, Jesus, cases, 
 possess, process, this-is. 
 
 No difficulty should be experienced from the two words 
 which are represented by the same outline, as they have been 
 so arranged as to prevent the words from conflicting. The 
 sentences on the opposite page will show to some extent how 
 easy it is to read the proper word.
 
 SEKTEKCES. 
 
 for practice in reading and ii<riting. 
 
 ^^ ^ 
 
 ^ / 
 
 / 
 
 ^^ r- 
 
 ^ 
 
 - \ 
 
 o 
 
 /O 
 
 /O 
 
 11 c V- 
 
 12 (^ 
 
 i^?' 
 
 /9 
 
 ^ / 
 
 49 
 
 u o
 
 50 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 LESSON 8. 
 
 SUBORDINATE RULES. 
 
 The r and / characters are written in an upright manner, 
 for the purpose of adding a following ch or j sound, as shown 
 in lines i and 2. 
 
 The r and / characters are shaded for the purpose of adding 
 the sound of a following k or g, as shown in lines 3 and 4. 
 
 The ending shun is indicated after a circle or loop by allow- 
 ing the line to pass over the stroke on which the vowel is 
 turned, as shown in lines 5 and 6. The sound of shun is 
 generally preceded by a vowel, but when it is not, as in the 
 word action, the shun sound is indicated by a small downward 
 curve, as shown in lines 7 and 8. When this shun character 
 is shaded it indicates a preceding k sound, making the ending 
 ekshun, as shown in lines 9 and 10. 
 
 A dot is employed initially to represent the sounds eks, that 
 is X, and it is used finally to represent ly, as is shown in lines 
 1 1 and 1 2. When the letter x — that is, the sounds eks — occurs 
 in the middle or at the end of a word, as in next, the .r is 
 written out as eks. 
 
 REVIEW QUESTIONS. 
 When the r and / characters are written in an upright manner, what 
 letters are indicated as following? Wlien the r and / are shaded, what 
 letters are indicated as following ? How is the syllable shtot expressed 
 after s vowel ? How is the syllable ekshitn expressed ? What does a dot 
 indicat'j before an outline ? What does it indicate at the end of an 
 outline?
 
 SUBORDINATE RULES. 
 
 51 
 
 torch starch original indulge coUc<;e legend 
 
 
 detection 
 
 regulated park elector collect 
 
 recommend 
 
 nation passion occupation edition nations 
 
 ^ Vo ^- <^ 
 
 6 C IQ 
 
 action option portion intention actions 
 
 ) 
 
 6^ 
 
 section affection 
 
 instruction 
 
 »0 ^^ ( "^ or '^ 0-T3 or (J-X 
 
 expect examine expense poorly slowly 
 
 Q_ 
 
 o — & 
 
 ^ /^ 
 
 ? ^ 
 
 ric/i legislate remark look -like 
 
 { ) r -\ 
 
 Coiiyright, 1801, by 0. E. McKcc.
 
 52 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 CONTRACTED OUTLINES. 
 
 A number of frequently-occurring words are legibly written 
 by the use of a stroke and hook. On the following page is 
 given a list of such words, and although they could be easily 
 written out in full, yet they should always be written in the 
 .manner shown, as there are important advantages to be secured 
 in the way of speed when so written. 
 
 Such lists of words must be so learned that the student can 
 write them properly from dictation without any hesitancy, and 
 read them back from his writing with an equal degree of 
 fluency. 
 
 As regards the formation of hooks, there is, perhaps, need 
 of a little explanation. It will be found in rapid writing that 
 there is a tendency to make large hooks after curves and small 
 hooks after straight lines. The hooks must, however, be 
 formed according to their proper size, no matter how or where 
 they occur. The small hook must always be small, and the 
 large hook must always be large. A very little care upon the 
 part of the writer will overcome the tendency above men- 
 tioned and enable him to make at all times and places just 
 what form is desired. This same tendency is true with respect 
 to circles and loops. They are apt to be larger after curves 
 than after straight lines. 
 
 REVIEW EXERCISE. 
 Write the outlines for the following words : Way, society, think, heaven, 
 God, change, publish, well, our, yet, she, property, brought, bought, swear, 
 her, note, made, right, light, good, sale.
 
 CORTRACTED OUTLINES. 
 
 53. 
 
 then time doiie soon same man /liut sho'iVit 
 
 long run room been opinion can come goieral 
 
 turn sivorn crime grand bring 
 
 s — ^ ^O /O /^ \^ 
 
 does most best less course force various 
 
 ptirpose seem seen suck second stand spirit 
 
 6 secure strength several 
 
 ■ ^ ^ ? 
 
 SENTEKCES. 
 ' — 3 o — ^ — "NX o — ^ O' 
 
 o --^ — ^ o — = d — / 
 _J ^^ y^ ^ y^ O -J 
 
 ^ <~—o ^ / ^ <=—- y 7 
 
 » ' J >. / ] O ^' ^ y c^ X
 
 54 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 LESSON 9. 
 
 INITIAL SYLLABLES. 
 
 On the following page is given a list of commonly-occurring 
 syllables, which are expressed by the consonant outline. 
 These syllables are as legible as though the vowel in each was 
 written. For example, the letter b expresses the syllable be, 
 and never any other, and as consonants are always followed 
 by vowels, the absence of the vowel implies that the syllable 
 be is expressed, for if the syllable were any other than be it 
 would be written in full. This is true with all of the syllables. 
 Only those given in the following plates are abbreviated, all 
 others being written out in full. 
 
 When the syllable con is followed by a / or ^ the con stroke 
 is lengthened to add the / or d, as shown on line 6 
 
 When the syllable con is followed by a /- or ^ sound, as in 
 congress, the n hook is added to the syllable con so as to 
 facilitate the joining, as shown on line 7. 
 
 The syllables /<?r and pro are expressed by pr, as shown on 
 lines 9 and 10, but the syllable /r<r is always written in full. 
 
 The syllables inul and 7nal are expressed by a minute m, as 
 shown on line 12. The w in this syllable need not be shaded, 
 as it is rather short to shade, and can be read as no other, 
 since the n is never made minute for an initial syllable. 
 
 The syllable sirk can be written by beginning with the s 
 hook or with the stroke s, as shown on line 14.
 
 INITIAL SYLLABLES. 
 
 55 
 
 ,e \^ 
 
 2 de 
 
 e cent 
 
 ? 
 
 9 
 
 per 
 
 10 
 
 pro 
 
 11 
 
 7tuir 
 m 11 r 
 
 
 mill 
 
 
 inal 
 
 13 
 
 "' con-m 
 tin 
 
 11 slrk 
 
 \_ 
 
 C --x 
 
 XL 
 
 2 
 
 ""^x^ X ^ 
 
 <: c ^
 
 56 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 INITIAL SYLLABLES. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 The syllables given on the following page are formed by tht 
 use of the consonants, as was done in the preceding plate. 
 
 The syllable self is expressed by a small s hook joined in an 
 angular manner, as shown in line 6. The consonant sounds 
 are not all expressed in the writing of this syllable self, a/id 
 it is, therefore, an exception to the statement that all the con- 
 sonant sounds are representedc 
 
 The syllables seti, sin, sent and sim are always written with 
 the J hook turned on an r; or ;;/, as shown in lines 9 and 10. 
 
 The syllables sun and su.n are always written with the stroke 
 J and a large hook, as is shown in line 11. The syllable san 
 and sa77i are also written in this manner. 
 
 Although in some instances two syllables are represented in 
 the same way, yet no inconvenience should arise from this, as 
 the syllables are such as will not form conflicting words. 
 
 These syllables must be practiced until they are perfectly 
 familiar, and until it becomes natural to represent them in the 
 manner here shown, in whatever connection they occur. 
 
 REVIEW QUESTIONS. 
 
 How is the syllable con written? How is it written when followed by a 
 /tor g ? •• What two syllables are expressed by pr ? I low is the syllable 
 pre written ? What is the difference between the outlines for toiiier and 
 enter? How is the syllable jc^ expressed ? How are all words begin 
 ning with sin or sen written ?
 
 INITIAL SYLLABLEl 
 
 continued. 
 
 57 
 
 1 dis 
 
 inter 
 enter 
 
 i tender 
 
 c~ 
 
 5 trans 
 
 6 se// 
 
 7 snl/ 
 
 8 stiper 
 
 iem 
 dem 
 
 1^^^ 
 
 ~ pitii 
 
 ^O 
 
 <o
 
 58 
 
 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 LESSON 10. 
 
 FINAL SYLLABLES. 
 
 The final syllables which are given on the following page 
 are formed by the use of simply the consonant characters, as 
 was done in the case of the initial syllables. In the syllables 
 serve and ship, however, one of the consonant sounds is 
 omitted. The ending ship can be written out in full very 
 easily, but as the sh and / generally carry the outline rather 
 low, it has been abbreviated into writing the sh, which, though 
 most legible when detached, can be joined to the preceding 
 part of the word. 
 
 The different syllables given in this and the two preceding 
 plates are always written in the same manner as has been 
 shown by the illustrations. These syllables, as a rule, occur 
 in many more words than are given in the plates, and by 
 understanding their use each syllable can be written in its 
 proper manner wherever it occurs. 
 
 The student should by this time begin to read somewhat from 
 sight. That is, he should cease spelling words out, but should 
 remember them as wholes, and read as one reads print by 
 simply glancing at each word. The student should persevere 
 in this practice, and he will shortly find that he will read 
 shorthand writing as naturally and easily as longhand. In 
 reading print or longhand we frequently read words that are 
 misspelled without noticing the error, and just so it is in read- 
 ing shorthand, the reader who reads from sight frequently 
 reads words that are badly distorted, or are not written just as 
 they should be, without noticing the bad shape of the outline 
 or the slight error in the formation.
 
 FINAL SYLLABLES. 
 
 59 
 
 'X 
 
 1 aire 
 
 cede 
 side 
 
 3 SI si 
 
 5 fori 
 
 ^ ^^ ^ f 1 VI 
 
 7 
 
 6 feet 7y^ 
 
 7 pet /^"^ 
 
 8 s^cf-y o ^ 
 
 
 11 ^^^i/ 
 
 12 w^;// CI. 
 
 13 j/«)j 
 
 
 o. 
 
 ^/ 
 
 f 1 "^ 
 
 ^V /^ o^ 
 
 " self 
 
 / 
 
 T^ _5?
 
 go NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 CONSONANT OUTLINES. 
 
 The student has, no doubt, observed by this time that in 
 certain words vowels can be omitted without imparing the 
 legibility of the writing. On the following page is given a 
 list of commonly-occurring words which are advantageously 
 expressed by the consonants of each word. 
 
 The student should understand that while the vowels are 
 omitted in these words, yet in others they are of the utmost 
 importance. As a rule, initial vowels are the most essential to 
 legibility, and they should seldom be omitted. The more 
 important any vowel is in sound the more essential it is that it 
 should be written. In such words as obey, essay, poem, iota, 
 etc., the vowels are the life of the word and without them 
 such words would be wholly unintelligible. 
 
 A good rule for the student to follow in regard to the use of 
 vowels in words not given in the text-book is, never to omit a 
 vowel sound any sooner than a consonant sound, and to omit 
 neither excepting when the word will be perfectly legible with 
 the omission. 
 
 Many are apt to suppose that legibility in shorthand 
 depends simply upon a full representation of the sounds of 
 the words, but this is a great mistake. A system might be 
 so formed, as some are, that even though every sound is 
 indicated the writing is not as legible as in a system properly 
 constructed that omits some of the sounds. Legibility in 
 shorthand depends upon the writing being formed from regu- 
 lar, uniform alphabetic characters by the use of simple, 
 universal rules which results in producing outlines having a 
 characteristic appearance that are like other outlines in 
 proportion to their likeness of pronunciation.
 
 CORSORANT OUTLIHES ^1 
 
 OF COMMON" AVOEDS. 
 
 1 assisi among amointi America balance became begin 
 
 2 behind beyond bdief believe behveen both brother 
 
 3 book carpenter chance character child correspond 
 ■« clerk criminal culture danger direct develop .disease 
 5 duty drunk dwell expense experience Jloioer fact 
 
 « farther find first fire freawnt friend from f^tture 
 
 7 give-gave goz>ern health help half hope heard -hard 
 
 8 loss life live J.ord mark modern material moral 
 a member move much murder never -nevertheless noith 
 
 -^ -7 -\ — -y -z^ — 
 
 10 notes number one only part person policy power 
 
 w plural -it y political possible principle profit provide 
 
 12 qualify quarter reason race receive remember result 
 
 13 Spoke secretary sell slavery student study sudden 
 
 14 success thank together ivord ivorth icork world
 
 62 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 LESSON 11. 
 
 COMMON WORDS. 
 
 On the following page is given a list of commonly-occurring 
 words which are written from the natural application of the 
 principles which have preceded. This list should be repeatedly 
 written until each outline can be formed correctly without 
 referring to the copy. 
 
 KEY TO COMMON WORDS. 
 
 I. ask, any, all, again, against, at, able, ah. 2. before, 
 because, being, better, case, cause, careful. 3. death, deed- 
 dead, doubt, doing, effort, even. 4. ever, earth, entirely, 
 fast, found, honest, honor. 5. who, how, whose, house, in, 
 if, choose, law. 6. kind, last, letter, little, love, mind. 7. men, 
 man, nature, natural, next, nearly. 8. offer, office, over, 
 open, on-own, out, old, offices. 9. pass-past, present, pleasant, 
 practice, price, prices, please. 10. quick, quit, right-write, 
 read, rest, real. 11. scholar, speaker, sue, suit, south, tell, 
 tells. 12. true-truth, through, thought, them, us-use, used,' 
 under. 13. up, upon, vice-voice, weeks, west, went, while. 
 14., when, youth, yes, yes sir, yesterday, ye. 
 
 We deem it important for the student to write every word 
 as it will be used in actual work, and have, therefore, omitted 
 the dot in the words being, through, thought, than and youth, 
 on the following page. 
 
 The letter j is generally written downwards, but can be 
 written uinvards to advantage in the words yes, yes sir, yester- 
 day, and ye, as shown in line 14.
 
 1 o^ 
 
 ? 
 
 COMMON WORDS 
 
 o 
 
 63 
 
 CX O 
 
 o 
 
 / / / 
 
 
 A^ K 
 
 ^6 
 
 ^~Z>' 
 
 V^ ^ 
 
 \D 
 
 — D -O 
 
 c~
 
 64 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 CONTRACTED OUTLINES. 
 
 REVIEWED. 
 
 The following list contains a review of all the contracted 
 words that have been presented since our last recapitulation 
 on page 48. Those words which are printed in italics are 
 represented by the same outline as the word preceding. 
 
 Rich, legislate, remark, look-like, then tha7i, time, done 
 down, soon sun, same sofne, man many, him, shown, long 
 length, run ruin, room, been, opinion, cdiU gone, come eame, 
 general, turn, sworn, crime grand, bring, does, most must, 
 best, less, course, force, various, purpose, seem, seen sign, 
 such, second, stand, spirit, secure, strength, strong, several 
 saviour. 
 
 SENTENCES. 
 
 In the sentences which are given on the following page a 
 few words have been conibined into phrases. For example, 
 the words t/iat and which are united on line i, and also the 
 words do and not. On line 3 the phrase cannot occurs. On 
 lines 4 and 6 the phrase is-as occurs. Many more words 
 could be phrased, but these few examples are deemed sufficient 
 fur the present. In the next lesson the subject of phrasing is 
 thoroughly explained. 
 
 These sentences should be practiced until they can be 
 written without any hesitancy. In practicing such sentence 
 exercises the student should aim to establish an easy movement 
 and increase his speed of writing.
 
 SENTENCES. 
 
 for practice in 'reading and -vrilin^. 
 
 65 
 
 .^ / 
 
 3 O 
 
 <4 O 
 
 5 O 
 
 C O 
 
 7 ^ 
 
 8 / 
 
 / 
 
 ■o 
 
 \ 
 
 V. — /. 
 
 c O 
 
 ^ / V- ? ^ c O 
 — / ^\ 3 - 
 ^ / /9 
 
 
 O 
 
 6/ \ 
 
 / 
 
 \ >. 
 
 o 
 
 V 
 
 ^o 
 
 o 
 
 -— ^ 
 
 "D 
 
 ^ 
 
 JS — \ cs
 
 66 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 LESSON 12. 
 
 PHRASE WRITING. 
 
 Two or more words can be joined together, making a phrase, 
 which should always be written without lifting thejjen. Only 
 words which naturally blend together, or have some connec- 
 tion, should be joined in writing. 
 
 The J- hook is turned on other characters for the word as, 
 forming such phrases as as well as, as matiy as, etc., as shown 
 on line 5. The word /las is written in the same manner as 
 the word as, the context always indicating which word is 
 intended. The word lu's is also expressed by the same outline 
 as used for the word is. 
 
 The word In can frequently be jihrased to advantage by the 
 use of the large n hook, as is shown in the third outline in 
 line 14, which makes the phrase In which. The following 
 phrase is in such, the s being expressed by the reversed n hook. 
 
 The extent to which phrase writing should be carried in 
 shorthand is left largely with each writer. Care should 
 always be taken, however, to employ phrases only where they 
 will aid in writing, and be of no hindrance in reading. 
 There is practically no end to the different combinations of 
 words that could be formed, but only those which are of com- 
 mon occurrence, and composed of from two to three words, 
 are of special importance to the writer. 
 
 The phrases which are given in this and the following i)late 
 are of the most practical value, and no student should stop 
 short of employing at least these illustrations in his writing.
 
 ' " D 
 
 2 are \. — /^ 
 
 3 and ^ ^ 
 
 PHRASE WRITIMQ. 
 
 a!l 
 
 as 
 has 
 
 6 le 
 
 s ^ 
 
 67 
 
 'O 
 
 iT- 
 
 Q? O 9) 
 
 /a 
 
 "^ cT- '^^ 
 
 8 did 
 
 9 /i^" 
 
 /X 
 
 10 had 
 
 ts ^ 
 
 12 ^flT'^ /^—^ 
 
 ,3 / "^ 
 
 7 
 
 V 7 / / ^ / 
 
 14 in '5 ^ 
 
 Q_P (T^
 
 G8 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 PHRASE WRITING. 
 
 (Continued.) 
 
 The word not cz.n be added to stroke characters by the use 
 of the large n hook, as shown in line 2. This method of 
 expressing not is especially valuable in the phrase couhi fioi, as 
 the n stroke would not join easily. 
 
 The n stroke is joined to other characters to express the 
 words on and own, as shown in line 3. The context readily 
 indicates whether the word on or own should be read. 
 
 The words there and ot/ier can both be written with the 
 half-length t/i, as shown in line 6, since the context will 
 always show which word should be read. 
 
 The word t/ie can be phrased with any character by a slight 
 retracing, as is shown in line 8. 
 
 The tick which expresses the word t/iat is always written 
 downwards when standing alone, but in phrases it is sometimes 
 written upwards. In the last phrase in line 9, which is that 
 that, the first that is struck upwards, so that the phrase will 
 not look like that the, which is the last phrase in line 8. 
 
 When the word your is joined with other words the u can 
 be omitted, as shown in line 11. 
 
 Line 12 is composed of phrases in which the connecting 
 word is omitted, such as by and by, one by one, etc. 
 
 The phrases given in lines 13 and 14 are of somewhat" 
 technical formation, and as they are of frequent occurrence 
 the student should commit them to memory.
 
 1 me -my 
 
 PHRASE WRITING. 
 
 continued. 
 
 69 
 
 2 )Wt 
 
 their 
 there 
 other 
 
 7 t/ian 
 
 L 
 
 8 the 
 
 \ / 
 
 a 
 
 9 iJiat 
 
 6 
 
 10 yott 
 
 "^ — ^ 
 
 Z' ^^^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 M yotir 
 
 n Nx 
 
 ^^ M 
 
 in the on the of the as the is the and in 7ias leen 
 
 «—---/ C. D ^ ^\ 
 
 m any in your -who are in this action not leen at the lime
 
 70 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 ADVICE TO THE STUDENT. 
 
 The shorthand writing on the following page is for the 
 purpose of giving the student practice in shorthand reading 
 and writing. It contains words of instruction which every 
 thoughtful student will take pains to follow. Some valuable 
 hints may also be obtained from a close observation of the 
 phrases employed. 
 
 The student has, no doubt, by this time observed that in 
 order to thoroughly master a principle of shorthand it is 
 necessary to practice it over many times. The mere theory 
 of shorthand writing can be learned in a (ew days' time, but 
 in order to become proficient in its use much practice is 
 required. 
 
 The student should aim to become so familiar with short- 
 hand writing as to enable him to write with as little thought 
 as is required to write longhand. When such familiarity 
 is gained with the shorthand outlines writing becomes a 
 great pleasure. 
 
 The learner should also observe whether in his individual 
 case it is easier to wn'^e shorthand than to read it, and give 
 special attention to practice in that direction in which he is 
 most deficient. 
 
 REVIEW QUESTIONS. 
 
 What is meant by phrase writing? To what extent should phrase 
 writing be employed ? How is the phrase cou/e/ not written ? I low is the 
 word the phrased ? How is the word your written when phrased ? How 
 are such phrases as by and by written ? How are the phrases in the, on the 
 and of the written ? What is the object of phrasing ? Which is the more 
 difficult, to ivrite shorthand or to read shorthand ?
 
 ADVICE TO THE STUDENT. 
 
 71 
 
 \a 
 
 / 
 
 V \ 
 
 
 % O O— 
 
 O 
 
 11 D >L 
 
 yi O X 
 
 13 /7 . 
 
 11 ^X 
 
 ? 
 
 ^ 
 
 — ^ 
 
 \ 
 
 O 
 
 cr^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 O /^ o 
 
 <s^ 
 
 U • x^ /^ ^>
 
 ^■J NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 LESSON 13. 
 
 FORMATION OF OUTLINES. 
 
 Since many words can be written in more than one way., the 
 question often arises as to which is the best outhne for a word. 
 There are at least three points which should always be taken 
 into consideration in the outlining of words. They are 
 legibility, simplicity and analogy. That form of outline 
 should be selected which secures these three essential features 
 in' their highest degree of perfection. 
 
 The words given on the following page are mostly of pecu- 
 liar formation, and will serve to show the flexibility of 
 principles rather than the regular application of rules. 
 
 Line i illustrates the preserving of analogy. Line 2 
 contains words in which it is best to use a character that but 
 apj^roximately represents the sound. Line 3 shows the large 
 hook used initially, which is elongated to add the following / 
 or d. Line 4 shows how one straight line can be joined with 
 another when both extend in the same direction. Line 6 
 contains words in which it is advantageous to reverse a circle 
 or hook on curved strokes. Line 7 shows how s is expressed 
 after w or wh, that is by slanting the 7u backwards, or writing 
 it in an upright manner. Line 8 contains words ending in 
 V in which the final y or /sound is omitted. Line 9 shows that h 
 can be omitted in some words without impairing the legibility. 
 
 The vowels and u are sometimes omitted when they occur 
 between two stroke characters, as is shown in line 10. The 
 vowel in such cases can be readily supplied in reading, as no 
 other vowels are omitted, and hence the absence of a vowel 
 implies that it is either o or u.
 
 FORMA TIDE OF UTLINES. 73 
 
 1 similar similarity dissimilar contimte continuance 
 
 i actual habitual couj^iatulate fraudulent cordial toward 
 
 3 intelligent intelligible intellect indispensible independent 
 
 4 undertake entertain perpetual forfeit perpetrate 
 
 5 assuage suasion persuade requisite betwixt bewitch 
 
 ^ -^ ^— ^O ^ N^ 
 
 6 assent assign essence assignee susceptible assault 
 
 1 ways why's tohat is whereas like -wise always 
 
 8 insanity humanity popularity ijn mortality faculty 
 
 9 comprehend adhesive behave behalf perliaps exhibit 
 
 10 took stock none potatoes territory monotony 
 
 11 paying pang drying drink eying ink owing 
 
 12 clue blue Jlew plough cloud club flute 
 
 ^ ^ ^ c) -^ — =^ /—
 
 74 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 DERIVATIVE OUTLINES. 
 
 The plate of words given on the following page are termed 
 derivative outlines, since they are principally derived from a 
 root word, the writing of which has already been given. 
 
 In writing the word out and all of its derivatives it is 
 immaterial whether the loop is shaded or not, since the outline 
 cannot make any other word than out. See lines 6 and 7. 
 The third word in line 7 is the word outline, in which the / 
 is omitted, since it would make an indistinct joining with the 
 letter /. 
 
 In the word over and its derivatives the o can be omitted 
 provided the writer finds it sufficiently advantageous, as is 
 shown in line 8. 
 
 In the words ending in on, as hereon, thereon, the syllable 
 071 is expressed by simply the //stroke, but in woids ending in 
 in, as herein, therein, etc. , the syllable in is wri rten out in or 
 expressed by the n hook. For an illustration see the last word 
 in line 11 and the first word in line 12. 
 
 The e is omitted in the syllable ever in such words as 
 wherever, whatever, whoever, however and whenever, as shown 
 on line 13. 
 
 REVIEW QUESTIONS. 
 
 When a word can be outlined in different ways, what three essential 
 points should be considered in making the selection ? What is meant by 
 preserving analogy ? How is .f expressed after w in ways ? When can the 
 letter h be omitted ? When can the vowels o and 11 be omitted ? How is 
 the omission known? How are the words ending in o« distinguished from 
 those ending in in ? Can the be omitted in the word over ? Would 
 there be a liability of reading it very, or would the context distinguish 
 them ?
 
 DERIVATIVE OUTLINES. 
 
 75 
 
 1 a// 
 
 4 7iere 
 
 5 /9 
 
 0\ ^ 
 
 o- 
 
 > 
 
 
 > 
 
 Otit 
 
 6 
 
 "> 
 
 /. 
 
 s 7vhere 
 
 11 XI. 
 
 % / 
 
 >ith 
 
 
 /^ 
 
 ■• > / 
 
 there 
 
 -7 ^y— ^^ 
 
 ever y C/ _/ _/ ^
 
 70 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 LESSON 14. 
 
 SIMILAR WORDS DISTINGUISHED. 
 
 On the following page is given a list of words which are 
 similar in pronunciation, and, therefore, somewhat similar in 
 formation. These words are such as should be distinguished 
 in writing in order to secure perfect legibility. The student 
 will observe that in most instances the division of syllable, 
 accent or other peculiarity in pronunciation determines the 
 particular form of outline. 
 
 Occasionally the outlines of two words may be somewhat 
 similar although the words are considerably different in 
 pronunciation, and, therefore, when outlining words in 
 shorthand, it is well to take into account the possibility there 
 is of the outline selected becoming like some other word 
 when subjected to rapid execution. The outlines adopted in 
 New Standard Shorthand have been as far as possible selected 
 so as to preclude the possibility of their conflicting in the 
 most rapid execution, and the thoughtful writer will carry this 
 princii)le out in the outlining of words. 
 
 The student who is careful to preserve a distinction between 
 all words which are liable to conflict is the one who never 
 makes mistakes in reading his notes. Very frequently the 
 legibility of a word depends upon the particular length of a 
 stroke, and until the writer has become proficient in actual 
 shorthand work, he should take great care to form every char- 
 acter with precision.
 
 eiin^ration 
 imiJiii^ration 
 
 J" J 
 
 farther /___ 
 further /_ 
 
 inevitable / P 
 unavoidable 
 
 SIMILAR W0RB3 
 
 ©ISTIXGUISIIED. 
 
 favor -ed c/ 
 favorite j/^'^ 
 
 fire fear A^ 
 fair far Jo 
 
 forward /. 
 
 fro'cvard ^-i 
 
 genteel d — "c^ 
 gejitle J — ^^ 
 
 genius 
 genuine I 
 
 guaranty ^-7< 
 guarantee ^^ 
 
 however — --f 
 u<o never -Y 
 
 human 
 humane (f 
 
 indebted C 
 indicted C 
 
 ingenious 
 ingenuous 
 
 77 
 
 into 
 
 C 
 
 unto 
 
 c — = 
 
 this 
 
 o 
 
 these 
 
 
 X 
 
 patron 
 pattern 
 
 proscribe X/'X^ 
 prescribe '^o^V 
 quit quite ^^ 
 q tiiet y^ 
 sent <^ "^ 
 send cr >. 
 
 trtie — = 
 through ~~^ 
 
 yourself (^ ^ 
 yourselves ^r 
 
 veracity / — ^ 
 voracity /""Q^^
 
 /8 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 SHORTHAND PUNCTUATION. 
 
 The different marks of punctuation used in shorthand 
 writing are shown on the following page. The most of these 
 are so nearly like the marks used in ordinary writing and 
 printing as to be self-explanatory. 
 
 The underscore is drawn beneath any word to capitalize it. 
 
 The mark called slur is used in much the same way as the 
 underscore, excepting that its special use is to connect a 
 number of outlines or words which are generally expressed by 
 their initial letters by striking it above them. As for example 
 in writing long titles as, The American Baptist Publication 
 Society, or The Young Men's Christian Association 
 
 The mark which indicates doubt is used in shorthand notes 
 to show that for some reason the writer is in doubt as to the 
 correctness of a word or statement, which should be inquired 
 into at the close of the dictation. 
 
 SHORTHAND NOTATION. 
 
 Amounts and periods of time are written as illustrated on 
 the following page. It will be observed that the order of 
 figures, as hundreds, thousands, millions, etc., are expressed by 
 the initial letter of each. 
 
 The following is a key to the last seven expressions on the 
 following page : Twenty-four inilcs, three feet, ten inches, 
 seven pounds, three shillings, six pence, 7iinety-nine times out of 
 a hundred. 
 
 The shorthand writer should be expert in the formation of 
 good figures. They should be of medium size, and written 
 'vithoiit shades.
 
 Period 
 
 Comma 
 
 Semicolon 
 
 Colon. 
 
 Dash 
 
 Underscore 
 
 SHORTHAND FUNCTUATIOK 
 
 X Parenthesis f J Section 
 
 79 
 
 / Doicbt U) 
 
 Interrogation y Sltn -^ 
 
 Caret /\ Applause ^^-^ 
 
 Paragraph n Laughter T) 
 
 Asterisk (p Hissing J^ 
 
 J Exclamation I Doubt 
 
 SHORTHAND NOTATION. 
 
 1 hu>tdred ly ^£^ ^> 6^ 2Lly 
 
 2 thousand -^ 2^ -^ -i — 
 
 3 million vjj^— ^ /I — ^ ^ 
 
 A dollars "tL- 3. /<^ 
 
 6 periods of time -^ -' — y :> -2. 
 
 
 / 
 7Z_3 <=^ /^^
 
 so NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 REFORTma CONTRACTIONS, 
 
 J-INAI. LIST. 
 I al'out according advantnge advertise appropriate after 
 
 3 accomplish another business capable convenient-ce 
 
 ^ a- \ /X ^ 
 
 z christian-ity circumstance cJuiptei common commence 
 
 4 defendant establish familiar-ity glory hand ignorant 
 
 5 language maqnifcent-ce necessary necessity object 
 
 c not-withstanding order -nary opportunity propose particular 
 
 T peculiar period represent people plaintiff revolution 
 
 i perpendicular-ity revelation subject suggest sufficient scripture 
 
 -^^ -\ ^ V" ^ 
 
 signify icant superintetid-ent whether king kingdom 
 
 The above reporting contractions concludes the list of 
 contracted words that are employed in the writing of Standard 
 Shorthand. After these are committed to memory the 
 student should practice writing all the derivatives of each 
 word. 
 
 The practice of contracting words in shorthand writing can 
 be carried to an indefinite extent, but it is not at all necessary 
 in order to become proficient in all kinds of shorthand work 
 to contract words any further than is illiistiated in this text- 
 book.
 
 ADVICK TO YOUNG MEN. 
 
 81 
 
 ■n.^ <^ 7 
 
 o 
 
 L Z 
 
 GARFIELD. 
 
 9 C~ 
 
 10 1^ 
 
 11 
 
 „^ 
 
 "J 
 
 / 
 
 O^ o- 
 
 \^ 
 
 o 
 
 y 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 9^ 
 
 o 
 
 ^ 
 
 <^-^ X^ \/^ 
 r-^ ^ o \ / r^ "^ 
 
 r ^-^ — ^ / o x\ 
 
 / X ^ \^ -,r- —^ V^ 
 
 _^ — Tf-N <r--. o-:^ o /^ X ^ O 
 
 "^5-^ ^^ -^ Y" -^ "^ <=^ ° 
 .^^ '^ ° C3^ ^O
 
 82 
 
 GEMS OF. POETRY. 
 
 o 
 
 
 o 
 
 \ 
 
 o 
 
 \ 
 
 ^ 
 
 /9 
 
 / 
 
 -^ — V. ^
 
 COMMERCIAL CORRESPONDENCK. 83 
 Letter No. L 
 
 -^ 
 ^ 
 
 ^v ^-^/ 
 
 
 
 c/ 
 
 .-^ 2 — . D o Os^/^ 
 
 S 
 
 / -^ ^ ^^^ 8 
 
 ? ; o — ° ^-^ 
 
 -^^ / ^ /V^ -^ 
 
 / o ^- 
 V ^ -^ 
 
 1 

 
 84 
 
 LETTER No. IL
 
 LETTER No. II 
 Continued,. 
 
 85 
 
 J' 
 
 r /. 
 
 ? 
 
 x 
 
 i 
 
 \ 
 
 o 
 
 ^ 
 
 o c s-^r^ ^ 
 
 - / ^ 
 -/ -^ 
 
 / 
 
 o~:) 
 
 
 ^ c^ 
 
 O ^ - 
 
 o \ - 
 
 X / 
 
 Q. 
 
 "^ 
 
 ^- /- -^ 
 
 °J
 
 86 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 SHORTHAND VOCABULARY. 
 
 The following shorthand vocabulary contains the shorthand 
 outlines of more than one thousand practical English words. 
 
 This list has been selected with a view of furnishing the 
 student with the correct outline for the leading words of the 
 language, and is sufficiently comprehensive as to furnish a key 
 to the correct outlining of all words.
 
 SHORTHAND VOCABULARY. 87 
 
 1 abandon abbreviate abhor abolish aboniination aborigines 
 
 %-. ^ o> °V. ^V-^ ^ 
 
 1 abscess absence absolute absorb absurd abundant acadeni 
 
 ov^ o^^~ o^_^ 
 
 3 acceleration accept accessible accident CLCcontiiiodaiion account 
 * accompany acconiplishinent accountant ace it initiation accuracy 
 
 h acknowledge cue urate afcttstom acguaiitt cutgtiaintatice act/uire 
 c acquisition actjuittal adaptation adaptability address adhere 
 
 7 adequate adhesive adjacent adjective' adjourn adjustment 
 
 8 admirable adiiiinistei admission advance adventure adversary 
 
 p 
 rm 
 
 a adversity advisable advocate aerial erstlietics ajffidavit ajfi 
 10 affirmative affiord aggravate agency aggregate / agitation 
 
 
 11 agreeable alcoJiol allowance almanac alphabet alternate 
 
 ^ 
 
 o> 
 
 O^^^ C>. 
 
 cr^s 
 
 12 ajnantiensis ambitious amendment amiiscncni American 
 
 13 amicable analogy ancestor angular animal annihilation 
 
 14 anniversary _ annoyance annual annuity anonymous answer 
 
 15 answerable antagonistic antarctic anterior anthracite antique 
 
 16 antiquity antir.pation antithesis anxiety anxious apologize
 
 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 1 apparatus appearance applicable appreciate apprelurul 
 
 %—- c>^ Ov/^ o^^ cx^_^ 
 
 2 approximately aqueduct arbitrary architect argument 
 
 3 aristocracy aristocratic^ arithmetic arithmetician around 
 
 4 article artistic ascertain assassin assembly assertion assist 
 
 5 assessment assignment assistance association associate 
 
 6 assurance astonish astronomer atJieism atJieist athletic 
 
 1 Atlantic atmosphere attainment attendance attention attorney 
 
 8 audience augment authenticity author authority atitliorize 
 
 O— ^ (^"""^ O-^ Q— (j-o o^ 
 
 s avenue auxiliary average avocation bachelor backiuards 
 
 10 bankbook baptize bankrupt bargain before/iand beginning 
 
 11 benediction beneficent beneficial benevolent bereavement 
 
 ^ ^ ^ >^ ^. 
 
 i.i book-keeper borroio boundary btndensonie btir^^lar cabinet 
 
 13 calamity calculation campaign capital capacity carelessiuss 
 
 /^>-. /-^ /V ^. ^^^. -^'^ 
 
 14 catalogue catJwlic Catholicism celebration centennial center 
 
 15 central ceremony certain certificate challenge c/iastisemcnt 
 
 16 cheerfulness cJumistry Christianity " citizen civilization
 
 SHORTHAND VOCABULARY. 
 
 89 
 
 I classical cognizance coincide collateia! combination college 
 icommeinoraiion coniineiiceiiicnt commerce commercial 
 
 3 commodity commonplace commomvealth communion 
 
 i companion comparison compensation competition complainant 
 
 5 comprehension complex complicate composition compromise 
 
 c computation concern concealment concentration conclude 
 
 7 conclusion condemnation conduct confederate conference 
 
 8 confiscate congenial congratulation congregation congress 
 
 9 conjecture conscience consciencious consciousness consequence 
 10 considerable consignment consolation consonant constituent 
 
 11 constitution construct construction context consumption 
 
 VI contaminate contemplation contemptible continuation 
 
 13 continue contradiction contradistinction contrary contribution 
 
 14 controversy convenience conversation conviction co-operation 
 
 y^L^ ^/ /t_i? ^//t /-<.^^ 
 
 15 copyright corporation correct correction correspondence 
 
 10 country corroboration counteract counterfeit creation credit 
 
 /— ^ /o_^ y^ yo ^
 
 90 
 
 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 1 criminal criticise cultivation cultttre cnstom ctistomary 
 
 2 damage danger debility declaration decoration deficieiuy 
 
 3 degeneration deliberate deliberation delinquent deliverance 
 * deliver demonstration demmination dentist denunciation 
 5 department depoieiit deportment deposition depreciate 
 c derangement desecription desecration desideratum destination 
 1 destitute destruction deteriorate deterioration determination 
 
 8 detestable detriment develop development deviation devoted 
 a dexterous diagram dictation diffeience different digestion 
 
 10 dignified dilapidate diligent dimension diminish diphtheria 
 
 II diploma direct direction disagreeable disappearance disaster 
 1-' disastrous disburse discern disc/iarge disciple discipline 
 
 i'^ discontentment discontimte discount discourage discover 
 
 - y^ 5-^ 
 
 K discriminate disgrace dishonest dishonorable disinterested 
 13 dismissal disobedient dispensation disposition disqualify 
 
 le disrespectful dissatisfaction dissimilar dissipation dissolve
 
 SHORTHAND VOCABULARY. 91 
 
 1 distance distinction distinguish distribution distrustful 
 
 1 disturbance diversify diversity divinity divorce dominion 
 3 dollar doubtful doxology dramatic drawee druggist di tinkard 
 
 4 duplicate durability during eastern eccentricity ecclesiastical 
 
 5 ecclectic econo'nical economy educate education efficient 
 
 ^effort elasticity electricity electrotype elementary eligible 
 7 elliptical eloctition , eloquence elucidate emancipation 
 
 8 embarrass embezzlement etnbleiuatical embodies emergeiuy 
 
 <) employs employer employment emoiirage encyclopedia 
 
 10 etidanger endeavor endurance energetic energy enforcement 
 
 ^ ^ ^ O Q T-, 
 
 11 enforce ^"^S'^S^ engineer English engrave enjoyment 
 
 "" ^ T. ^ ^ \~, 
 
 12 enlargement enormous entertain enthusiasm enthusiastic^ 
 
 13 enumeration envelop epidemic episcopal equatorial equity 
 \^ equinoctial eqtii table erroneously especially estimation eternal 
 
 15 eternity etiquette evangelical evidence evolution excepting 
 
 16 exaggeration examination exceedingly excellent exceptiottabie
 
 92 
 
 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 1 excessive exclamatory excruciating; execution executive 
 1 exhibit existence exorbitant expect expedient expenditure 
 
 3 expensive experience experiment explanation exploration 
 
 -y '\j ■\^ -^^y -^^ 
 
 4 explicit exportation exposition express expression exquisite 
 
 5 extemporaneous extemporary exterior extermination external 
 
 6 extinguish extraordinary extravagance extreme facilitate 
 
 ; facsimile factory faculty failure famous fashion fashionable 
 s favor favorable fermentation ferocity fiction fictitious figure 
 •J fidelity figurative financial fire-engine fireman flourish 
 
 10 fluctuation foolish forfeit formality fortunate foundation- 
 
 11 fortune fracture franchiscment fraternal fraternity fulfill 
 
 "^^ ^ c^'~^ 
 
 \i fraudulent friendship frugality fundamental funeral furnisk 
 
 13 gazette generation generositv german germituite gesture 
 
 w glorious gospel government graduation grammar grocery 
 
 x'i grammatical grand- jury guarantee gua~anty guilty habit 
 10 habitual /uilleujah handkerchief haphizard Jiarmonize 
 
 7 
 
 ;■-
 
 SHORTHAND VOCABULARY. 93 
 
 i harvest headqtiarters he/norrJia^e henceforth hereditary 
 
 s heroic hesitation hieroglyphic historical hitherto holiday 
 i homicide honestly honorably horizontal horticulture hospital 
 4 humility hundred husbatid hydraulic hygiene hypothesis 
 
 5 identical identify idolize ignominious ignoramus ignorant 
 
 6 illegible illiterate illustration ima^iiuition immaterial 
 
 7 immediate immorality immortal impartial imperative 
 
 8 importatue impossible imprison improve inability itmsmuch 
 
 9 inaccessible ttuxminate itmuguration incliruition inconsistent 
 
 10 include ituomprehensible inconvenience indemnity indenture 
 Ji indiscriminate individual indorse indttstriotts industiy 
 
 C 
 
 12 itiefficient inevitable inferiority infidelity influence iniquity 
 
 13 influential inlieritance initiation innumerable inoffensive 
 
 1* insanity instatttaneous insurrection integrity intellectual 
 
 v> intelligent interesting interference interior interrogation 
 16 internal interrogatory intestate intoxication introduction
 
 94 
 
 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 1 introductory invention investigate invincible involuntary 
 
 ^^ 2, ^ . ^ . •^. . 
 
 2 invoice irrecoverable irregularity irrelative irrelevant italic 
 
 ? ^ <1 "7 ^^-^ 
 
 3 irresistible irresponsible irritation Jealous journal jottrnalist 
 i judgment judicial judicious jurisdiction jurisprudence 
 
 5 justification kingdom labors- laborious landlady landlord 
 
 6 languish, lawyer lecture leqal legality legislation legislature 
 
 '~>v~^ "^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 
 
 7 lexicographer liberality librarian licentiotis liquidate liquor 
 
 8 literature location locality lucrative luxury machine 
 
 9 magazine magtiani/notts jnagnetisin magnificent magnify 
 
 10 majority manifestation manufacture marsJwll masculine 
 n masonic matJiematics mature maximum meantime measure 
 
 yi mecfuinical medical medicinal medicine meditate memory 
 
 ^r 
 
 13 memorandum mental mention mercantile mercJiandise 
 
 14 merchant meritorious mestnerism method metlwdical 
 
 15 metJwdist metropolis metropolitan millennium milliotuiire 
 
 fnillioti minister iniscellaneous mischievous miserable
 
 SHORTHAND VOCABULARY. 95 
 
 1 misrepresent missionary misunderstand modern motuy ' 
 
 2 mistinJerstood monopolize mother mountain movement 
 s municipal murder murderer mtisettm .musician mutual 
 
 4 mysterious natttralize neglect negligent negotiation neuralgia 
 
 5 nevertheless nezvspaper nobody nomination nonsense normal 
 
 6 north-east north-eastern north-west north-western notice 
 
 7 notoriety notorious notwithstanding miisance mimeration 
 
 8 obligation obscure observation obstacle obstruction occasion 
 
 "^'^ X/ ^ %-^ X-^ /^ 
 
 9 occurreiue offensive offer office officer official omnipotent 
 V) 07nniscient operation opponent opposition oratorical oratory 
 
 n ordinary organization organize orthodox oxygen pamphlet 
 
 npaiwrama parallel paralyze parentage parliamentary patriot 
 ^participate partnership partriotism pectiniary penurions 
 
 u peradvettturc percentage perennial permeate persecution 
 
 , ^^ \r — -, ^^^""^-x ^- — b ■ "^/"^ 
 
 lipersonal perspicuity perspiration persuasion perusal 
 
 Kpeiitioner pfienomenon pliilosopher phonography physical
 
 96 
 
 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 1 physician physiology picture pilgrim plagiarism plausible 
 
 2 pneumonia political polytechnic popularity population 
 
 3 possessor postmaster post-office practicability predecessor 
 
 4 precede preparatory prepossess presbyterian prescribe 
 
 ^privilege problem proceedings procrastination procure 
 
 ^ prodttce production profess profession professor proficiency 
 
 6.-6 <^ ^_j, . 
 
 7 proficient profitable prognosticate progression progressive 
 
 8 prohibition protniscuons promissory prominciation propensity 
 
 ^\ -, 
 
 ^prophesy proprietor proscribe prosecution prospective 
 
 Z. V_ vx ^^ "^V^ 
 
 \oprosperity protection protestant providence pulmonary 
 
 i\ punctital purchase purgatory pursuant quadruped quantity 
 
 M qualification quarantine quartette quinine quitclaim 
 
 13 quotation railroad railzvay reaction reality rebel rebel 
 i< receipt recess reciprocal recognize recommendation rectitude 
 ureconnoiter reconsideration recreation reduction re-enforce 
 
 (L^ C^ -^ ^ X? 
 
 10 re-elect re-enforcement re-imbursement re-iterate relative 
 
 V
 
 SHORTHAND VOCABULARY. 
 
 97 
 
 1 reliabh religion religious relinquish remarkable remittance 
 
 2 remeinhrance reminiscence remonstrate remuneration reporter 
 
 3 reorganization repentaiue reproduce republic republican 
 
 ^z^ o^ '"^— r^ '^^ 
 
 4 request requital research residence resolution resort resource 
 
 5 respeefful respondent responsible restaurant result reunion 
 
 6 resurect-ion revelation reverence revival revolutionize 
 
 1 rhetoric rhetorical rheumatism righteous righteousness 
 
 « romantic royalty ruin sabbath sacrifice sagacity salvage 
 9 salvation sanctification sanctimonious sanguine sarcasm 
 
 J 
 
 :>b 
 
 X^ 
 
 10 sarcastic schedule scientific secession self-evident semicircle 
 
 11 sensational sepulchre serious sermon settlemettt sextant 
 
 12 shipwreck short -hand signature simplicity simultaneous 
 
 13 singular situate situation slavery solemn solicit solicitude 
 I* solitary solvewy somezuhat southeast sound south-.vest 
 ii specification sperulation standard stationary statistics 
 
 JO statue statute statutory stipulation s'ockholder subjection
 
 98 
 
 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 1 subjugation subjunctive sublimify subordinate subordination 
 
 2 subscription substance substantiate substitution succession 
 
 3 successive successor summons superabundance superfluous 
 
 4 stiicide superior superiority siipernatural supersede suppose 
 
 5 iupersirttcture supposition supremacy supreme stisceptible 
 
 fi surgeon surrotind surveyor sympathetic iynonytnor.s synopsis 
 
 ^. 
 
 ^r-"^ 
 
 T systematic systematize tabernacle tariff technical telegram 
 
 - — :f ^ — ° V — ^ (5 / — y^ -o 
 
 telegraph telescope temperance tendency termituition territory 
 
 •I terrestrial testimonial testimony text-book thanksgiving 
 w theatrical tJieoretic ^ theory thorough thousand io-morrow 
 11 thoughtlessness topographer tragedy transcend transcendent 
 
 1-! transcribe transfiguration transformation transient transition 
 
 —^ ^ l^^ ^^15 vj) 
 
 n trangression transitory translation tra^Mplant travel 
 
 _y ^ -^> --— -p 
 
 u transportation transposition treacherous treasurer tribunal 
 
 15 tremendous trigonometry trinitarian triumph troublesome 
 
 10 tuition tyranical tyranny ultimate umpire unaccountable 
 "5 '^'^ ^X/^ 
 
 --{
 
 
 SHORTHAND VOCABULARY 
 
 Y. 91 
 
 1 utia-.'oidahle uncertain unciTilir^d uncoDimon unconscious 
 
 2 unconstittttioiral underhand undoubted unequal unfortunate 
 
 X ^ (r-s~^ c— ?^ c^^ ? 
 
 3 uninterested union tmiversal university unless unnatural 
 >, unnecessary unqtialijied unrighteous unsatisfactory utility 
 
 5 unsuccessful unwilling utmost utterance vacation valuable 
 
 c^' ^^X_ ^^— ^ ^ /^ a(^ 
 
 6 valedictory valuation variation variety vegetation verbatim 
 
 7 verdict verification verify viaduct vicissitude victorious 
 
 h victory vindicative virtue vocabulary volume voluntary 
 
 l^ A-^ ( /^ <_ ^ 
 
 s 'warrant welcome welfare '.western westw.id wholesale 
 
 10 withhold witness woman wonderful yanhce yottngest 
 
 11 zealous zenith zigzag zoological
 
 100 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 REPORTING. 
 
 The New Standard System of Shorthand furnishes the 
 stenographer with a rapid and legible system of writing, 
 which is adapted to all the uses made of shorthand writing. 
 In this system the learner is, therefore, not obliged to go 
 through a further set of rules and methods of contracting in 
 order to be able to report. He is already in possession of 
 what will, by continued practicCj serve him most faithfully in 
 all fields of shorthand work. 
 
 The phrases and engraved shorthand matter which follows 
 should be carefully studied and practiced, the student endeav- 
 oring to obtain therefrom as many practical ideas as possible. 
 After these plates have been written several times the writer 
 can then begin to ]jractice for speed. Each plate should be 
 written from dictation at least a half dozen times each day, 
 and continued from day to day until they can be written 
 easily and at a s])eed of from loo to 150 words per minute. 
 
 The reporting of testimony in court is considerably differ- 
 ent from all other kinds of stenographic work. While it is 
 no more difficult than some other fields of reporting, there is 
 much to learn besides the mere taking down of what is 
 heard. Those who are fitting themselves for court reporting 
 should attend court proceedings as often as possible and glean 
 all the knowledge they can pertaining to the reporter's work.
 
 G.ENERAL BEFORTIPia PHRASES. 
 
 101 
 
 act of Congress ^ /^ 
 
 act of ra)liat)ient 
 
 at all events / 
 
 by llie way *\^ 
 
 by no means 
 
 by any means 
 
 coming and going 
 
 Cluiniber of Commerce 1^^^ 
 
 fitrtJier than ^— ^ 
 
 for instance c' ^ 
 
 hither and thither _y~0 
 
 Jiere and there J^ 
 
 IJoiise of Represetitatives 
 House of Parliament 
 house and lot 
 
 n 
 
 in a few days ^ — D 
 in the first place 
 in the second place 
 in order to o 
 J do not know '^~ 
 J do not think °~ 
 // is very diffictilt 
 in such manner L_^^ 
 
 it is necessary ° > ^ 
 
 it will be remembered '^"^\/^^ 
 
 in some cases C 5 
 
 Ladies and Gentlemen o — P 
 mister Fresidejit "" ^ 
 on the contrary 
 on the one hand 
 on the ot/ier Jiand 
 
 once in a while 
 party of tJu first _part 
 party of tlw second part 
 Voting men and -women J,
 
 102 COUR T REFOR TING, PHRASES. 
 
 as a matter of fact c ^7-7/^ 
 by tlie court \^^ 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 county court 
 
 counsel for the defendant 
 
 counsel for the plaintiff ^^f^\^ 
 
 cross examination ^ C ^ 
 
 do you recollect — -^ 
 
 do yoic remember -f \ 
 
 direct examination 
 
 Grand Jttry ^^ 
 
 Habeas Corpus — -^^s^"\^ 
 Iw^ long have you been c 
 J can 7iot remember 
 
 7W 
 
 \ 
 
 1 do not remember 
 
 I have not been 
 
 I will not be 
 
 learned counsel 
 
 objection sustained ^s 
 
 objection overruled n. 
 
 prisoner at tlie bar 
 
 redirect examination 
 
 Superior Court 
 
 ■what is your business \j\ 
 
 what is your occupation '-^X 
 
 C~i5 
 
 Almighty God 
 Christ Jesus 
 Holy Ghost ^'^^ 
 Holv Spirit ,p/C^ 
 
 Jesus Christ J<. ^ 
 
 kingdom of heaven ^^- 'y 
 
 your Honor ^ — -^ 
 verdict of the jury 
 
 THKOLOaiCAL PHRASES. 
 
 kingdom of God -' 
 
 Lord and Savior 
 
 -/ 
 
 rcsttrrection of the body X 
 Roman Catholic Church 
 Savior of the world ^ 
 Son of man
 
 STATES AND COUNTRIES, 
 
 103 
 
 Alalmina Arizona Arkansas California Colorado 
 
 Conitecticiit DakJta Delaivare Florida Georgia Idaho 
 
 ^ -^ --X ^^ I -^ 
 
 Illinois Indiana loioa A'ansas Kentucky Louisiana 
 
 ■^., r-^ r. ^p ^ -^ 
 
 Maine Maryland Alassacliitsetts Micldgaiv ]\Iississippi 
 
 Jilissotiri Jl/jnnesota Montana A'ew Ilainpsliire A^tw York 
 
 Netv Mexico Neto Jersey N^ebraska N^evada N. Carolina 
 Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina 
 
 Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington 
 
 West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming 
 
 Ajtica Alaska Austria Australia Asia Brazil 
 
 British America China Central America Cuba Dominion of 
 Canada Egypt Em^land Europe France Great Britain 
 
 Germany India Ireland Italy United States of America
 
 104 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 DAYS, MONTHS AND TITLES. 
 
 Sn/i,7,7v MoiKfay Tuesday Wednesday Thinsday Friday 
 Saturday January February March Apri' 21 ay June 
 July August September October N'oveinber December 
 
 Mister Mrs. J/iss Rev'. Esq. ' Doc. Pi of. Col. 
 
 Capt. /Ion. President. ■ Ex-Pres. 
 
 When titles of organizations occur in which there are two 
 or more names, as American Bible Association, Y. M. C. A., 
 L. E. & W. R. R., the best rule to follow in writing 
 them is to simply write the initial letters. This will be follow- 
 ing the printer's rule of abbreviating such expressions, and to 
 show that the several initial letters are a part of a proper 
 name, a slur can be struck immediately above so as to embrace 
 the entire combination. In rapid writing the mind always 
 seeks to outline new words and expressions by the use of 
 simple and fundamental principles, and unless some general 
 rule is followed in the writing of such names the reporter k 
 put to a great disadvantage in keeping up when they occur in 
 rapid dictation. The writing of initial letters is the only 
 universal rule that can be followed, and as vowels can be as 
 readily written as consonants there is the same legibility 
 obtained as in the case of a printed or longhand abbreviation. 
 
 The intelligent reporter will, of course, in reporting con- 
 ventions and proceedings of all kinds where technical 
 expressions are used over and over, extemporize brief out- 
 lines for their representation.
 
 SPEECH 
 
 Before tlie House of Representatives. 
 
 105 
 
 > ^ 
 
 
 / '-- 
 
 >r\ O 
 
 >« 
 
 o 
 
 
 -? 
 
 10 ^ ^ >' o Q_p / /O 
 
 1. -— ^ ^ 
 
 i2 — 7 O / 
 
 .3 / 0-. V_) \ 
 
 / 
 
 ^ J ^ • 
 
 
 o 
 
 7 
 
 X O 
 
 ■'■ r 
 
 %^ ■ ^
 
 106 
 
 SPEECH 
 
 Before t]ie House of Representatives. 
 
 s • V-^ y O c/ 
 
 ^ -^^ • / / ^ 
 
 >2 /—^ \ O /O <==> — - 
 
 15 • Z'^-: O 
 
 
 ST) 
 
 C D 
 
 O 
 
 o 
 
 ~l 
 
 7 
 
 V ■ < -- / 
 
 o ^ • <> ^ 
 
 _Q 3 
 
 / o
 
 BIBLE SELECTIONS. 
 
 107 
 
 D ^ 
 
 
 C C ^ ^ ^^—^ C cP. / "^ J ^A^ 
 
 y 
 
 10 -<? 
 
 •3 -V O 
 
 — ^ < -« x_ 
 
 " c 
 
 o 
 
 ^ , O -^ ,5-. /^ ^ l^ 
 
 o — ^ 
 
 O ^-^ X
 
 108 
 
 COURT TESTIMO'ITY. 
 
 
 .■<D—^^^ 
 
 U) 
 
 V 
 
 "^ ^ 
 
 ^^~b 
 
 
 \<^^- 
 
 / 
 
 ^o-— --^ 
 
 2^^ 
 
 X 
 
 /7^ 
 
 o ^ 
 
 <=^ ■ /t^ 
 
 o :> 

 
 I'RINCIPLES. 109 
 
 FINAL SUGGESTIONS. 
 
 Now that the student has gone over everything given in the 
 text -book, he should at this point consider the advisability of 
 reviewing the work. If, upon reflection, it is found that a 
 review is needed, then the review lessons which follovv should 
 be carefully gone over. In fact, no student should be content 
 to pass by these lessons entirely, as they afford a most excellent 
 drill which cannot be gotten in any other way. 
 
 You will necessarily meet some new words in these lessons 
 and must rely upon your own ability to outline them in the 
 most appioved manner. The sooner you learn to outline new 
 words quickly the sooner you will be ready for practice on 
 miscellaneous work. The best and most experienced writers 
 Avill occasionally run across new words, which must be out- 
 lined on the spur of the moment The principles of this 
 system are so universal in their application that the thoughtful 
 student will have little or no difficulty in outlining the most 
 uncommon words. You have doubtless already learned that 
 the shortest outline for a word is not always the best. There 
 are three points that should be remembered in the outlining 
 of every word : Legibility, simplicity and analogy. In out- 
 lining new words you should always keep these three principles 
 in mind, and then adopt the best form after testing it in 
 accordance with these three points. Legibilit}' should always 
 be considered first, for without this the writing is of no value 
 whatever. Simplicity of outline should be considered second, . 
 striving to secure forms that will not become distorted when 
 subjected to high speed. The preserving of analogy should 
 be taken into consideration last. Although this is a very 
 important point, the others must take precedence, as the easy 
 preserving of analogy depends mostly upon the construction
 
 110 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 of the system ; and in New Standard Shorthand it is, as a rule, 
 secured without special effort. 
 
 When you begin practice for speed on unfamiliar matter 
 you will frequently find yourself hesitating on some new word, 
 and by concentrating the mind upon outlining it, you will 
 very likely lose the remaining part of the sentence. This is 
 something you must guard against. Never lose a sentence or 
 any part of one, simply because one word is unfamiliar and 
 difficult to outline. Better, a hundred times, omit the M'ord 
 without attempting to outline it, than to lose a sentence. If 
 everything excepting that one word is written, you will find 
 that nine times out of ten you can supply the word when 
 making the transcript. Especially is this true if you under- 
 stand the subject upon which you are writing, and this every 
 snccess/ii/ stenogrsLpher is able to do. 
 
 Another thing you must not do is, to repeat words or 
 sentences to yourself when writing. Many get into the habit 
 when learning shorthand of pronouncing words and sentences 
 (especially when the word is difficult to outline), to them- 
 selves in a whispered tone. This habit is very detrimental to 
 speed, and, of course, must be broken up entirely before you 
 are in a way to progress rapidly and satisfactorily. 
 
 There is one subject of great importance of which we have 
 iiot yet spoken, and that is i-apid thinking. To be able to 
 write shorthand at a high rate of speed one must be master of 
 more than one art ; he must be able to think at a rate of at 
 least 150 words per minute, and at the same time trace the 
 outlines with an equal degree of rapidity. But this is not all. 
 He must understand what he is writing about. A stenographer 
 is not a successful writer of shorthand unless he fully compre- 
 hends the meaning of the words that are being rapidly traced 
 in outlines. A mere machine stenographer can never make a
 
 PRINCIPLES. Ill 
 
 success of shorthand writing; and unless one has a fair 
 English education he must resolve to acquire it as he pursues 
 the study of shorthand, or else he need not expect to make a 
 success of the art. 
 
 In order to reach much proficiency in the art of shorthand 
 writing it is necessary to practice a great amount from dicta- 
 tion. After you have completed everything in the text-book 
 in a thorough manner you should begin to practice on outside 
 matter. 
 
 Further reading matter correctly outlined for practice 
 will be found in carefully graded lessons on various inter- 
 esting and practical topics in the New Standard Shorthand 
 Reader, and also in McKee's Shorthand Magazine.
 
 llL' NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 COURSE OF LESSONS FOR REVIEW PRACTICE, 
 
 Containing a carefully graded course of practical matter 
 arranged in the same order as the instructions which have 
 preceded, and carried to such an extent as will furnish the 
 learner with a sufficient amount of practice as to enable him 
 to become thoroughly proficient in the use of the system. 
 
 Note. — In practicing the following review lessons the student should 
 strive to increase his speed in writing at each lesson. Rapid writing comes 
 from perfect famiharity with correct outHnes for words, and the student 
 should first be able to write every word in a lesson without a moment's 
 hesitation, and then he is ready to practice for speed.
 
 REVIEW LESSONS. 113 
 
 REVIEW LESSONS. 
 
 LESSON 1. 
 
 ALPHABETIC COMBINATIONS. 
 
 At, add, ape, ail, aim, age, ash, back, beg, boy, ball, bank, bath, 
 badge, beech, cake, cook, call, care, catch, cheek, chief, chill, coal, 
 cow, cup, cash, dash, dare, day, deep, deck, die, ditch, dodge, due, 
 each, eat, ease, ear, ebb, fall, faith, few, fife, five, fool, gig, 
 gale, goal, hack, hatch, high, home, house, how, hung, hush, if, in, 
 eyes, itch, aisle, join, joy, John, Jane, jail, keep, knife, kill, laugh, 
 law, line, lame, low, lack, leap, liar, mail, make, map, match, 
 mile, mob, mayor, name, new, nice, ninth, on, out, oak, oath, own, 
 pain, pole, patch, peach, pipe, pinch, pope, pouch, pair, push, quick, 
 quack, queer, quoth, quell, reap, rope, rob, rose, rough, row, rush, 
 royal, sage, saw, sick, sooth, size, sash, take, teach, toil, tooth, top, 
 touch, type, us, up, view, wait, wake, walk, war, watch, wave, 
 weak, web, wedge, weep, weight, when, whip, white, who, whom, 
 wing.
 
 114 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 LESSON 2. 
 
 ALPIIAIJETIC COMBINATIONS. 
 Ida, Nellie, Mary, Eva, Philip, lady, shady, easy, any, folly, 
 sorry, tarry, happy, narrow, borrow, sorrow, pillow, tallow, laying, 
 playing, winning, warning, willing, evening, awning, watching, 
 chopping, wedding, fishing, morning, keeping, pushing, meaning, 
 lining, burning, shipping, airing, ailing, dealing, calling, waiting, 
 loving, sheath, wreath, hath, wrath, teeth, fifth, eighth, depth, youth, 
 myth, dash, rash, sash, wash, dish, parish, Irish, marsh, hush, mica, 
 pica, idea, data, coach, bench, pinch, match, patch, ditch, ado, 
 tatto, ditto, motto, kitchen, happen, often, even, oven, attic, arrow, 
 avail. 
 
 LESSON 3. 
 
 THE HOOKS. 
 Scare, scarce, scheme, school, sky, slack, sleep, sling, slow, 
 sluggish, small, smile, snap, snare, sneak, snow, spare, sparrow; 
 speaks, speech, spill, squall, square, squeaks, squire, stacks, stage, 
 stairs, stall, stick, steals, steam, steps, stitch, stop, stores, storm, 
 keeps, calls, games, term, adorn, realm, alarm, shorn, barn, burn, 
 corn, chicken, bitten, warm, warn, widen, women, thorn, endorse, 
 endow, engine, ensue, entail, index, injury, inquire, intense, invade, 
 involve, imbue, immense, impair, impale, impeach, impure, tears, 
 doors, mixes, makes, six, lines, cares, kicks, checks, chips, chills, 
 pains, pails, bills, pairs, peaches, catches, teaches, worse, wits 
 whines, watches, weeps, walks, homes.
 
 REVIEW LESSONS. 115 
 
 LESSON 4. 
 
 CONTRACTED WORDS AND SENTENCES. 
 
 I, a, you, the, tliat, is, as, we, why, to, do, thing, no, my, so, 
 was, pubHc, be, which, judge, wish, will, are, or, go, question, of, 
 have, he, young. 
 
 When may I gc and see the new school-house? You may go when you 
 have nothing else to do. Are you sure that we will be too late ? Do ycu 
 know that is so ? I wish you to be the judge of that question. He was 1o 
 do that. I will go to the public school in the fall. Which will you have ? 
 The young men will see to that. You are too young to think of doing that. 
 How do you know that? When will you see them ? I know he will do 
 it. Do you go to school now ? How do you know that he will do as the 
 public wish ? 
 
 LESSON 5. 
 
 THE HALVING PRINCIPLE. 
 
 Trade, trail, trap, treaty, trench, trick, troops, drag, drain, drawer, 
 dread, dream, drive, dry, prayer, preacher, prepare, pretty, prime, 
 prior, prop, brain, brave, break, breatli, bride, broker, brush, crack, 
 cream, crumb, Greek, green, grain, frail, free, fresh, robber, trader, 
 better, rider, elder, gender, wafer, offer, ever, eager, ledger, stagger, 
 finger, linger, pitcher, butcher, voucher, feather, leather, weather, 
 father, gather, rather, neither, higher, maker, other, speaker, quaker, 
 cracker, toiler, seller, teller, steamer, paper, leaper, keeper, wrapper, 
 copper, water, winter, latter, letter, matter, fever, lever, driver, hire, 
 near, sir, learn.
 
 116 . NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 LESSON G. 
 
 THE LENGTHENING PRINaPLE. 
 
 Act, ticket, talked, walked, old, apt, east, end, art, malt, guild, 
 built, slant, quaint, want, bent, rent, intent, joint, point, print, start, 
 quart, short, sport, least, last, cost, custom, wild, cold, scold, fold, 
 hold, land, grand, spend, kind, attend, mind, wind, bound, sound, 
 board, guard, third, sword, attract, advent, agent, offered, opened. 
 
 " And God said let there be light and there was light, and CJod saw that 
 it was good." He said he thought the boy could write and read, but I do 
 not think so. 
 
 Note. — The following words can be written by lengtliening the first 
 character and placing the vowel at tlie end of tlie stroke : 
 
 Head, dead, lead, bed, red, caught, rate, late, neat, seat, load, 
 road, coat, suit, paid. 
 
 LESSON T. 
 
 MINUTING PRINCIPLE. 
 
 Plant, plea, plate, plead, pledge, plenty, blank, black, blemish, 
 blind, claim, claw, clear, climb, flesh, typical, critical, optical, vocal, 
 able, agreeable, fable, liable, table, suitable, stable, taxable, feeble, 
 bible, credible, marble, double, miracle, oracle, flexible, scramble, 
 humble, noble, fiddle, middle, idle, rifle, trifle, eagle, equal, giggle, 
 speckle, ankle, cripple, staple, couple, title, settle, travel, level, 
 bevel, civil, anvil, devil, faithful, skillful, youthful, joyful. 
 
 Note. — In the following words the vowel should be written in a pen- 
 dant manner, as the tick strokes are too short to admit of turning the loops 
 in the usual way : 
 
 Plough, plume, blue, clue, clock, cloud, club, flew, bubble.
 
 REVIEW LESSONS. 117 
 
 LESSON 8. 
 
 REVERSING PRINCIPLE. 
 
 Gas, pass, days, this, those, thus, thousand, dozen, present, 
 pleasant, chosen, frozen, blossom, case, cask, fast, taste, desk, task, 
 bask, physical, post, cheese, boys, toys, joys, classical, visible, stays, 
 splice, ask, aspire, esquire, ascribe, escape, wisp, wasp, whiskers, 
 esteem, easter, oyster, instead, institute, instance, inspire, inscribe, 
 instill, happens, opens, mittens, suspend, suspect, suspense, suspicious, 
 sustain, system, systems, sister, basis, passes, chooses, faces, prices, 
 access, abscess, ellipses, taxes, mixes, deeds, thoughts, coats. 
 
 LESSON 9. 
 
 SUBORDINATE RULES. 
 
 College, privilege, indulge, allege, knowledge, legible, legion, 
 legitimate, lodgment, illegible, apology, register, regiment, origin, 
 original, arch, collect, elect, electricity, election, elector, record, 
 liquor, like, regulate, recollect, recognized, organized, nation, fascination, 
 information, estimation, oration, vibration, fashion, desolation, violation, 
 speculation, declaration, regulation, station, agitation, evolution, 
 involution, edition, tuition, emotion, ambition, imposition, tradition, 
 auction, option, intention, attention, invention, prevention, attraction, 
 dictionary, stationary, missionary, visionary, exact, examine, exceed, 
 excel, except, exchange, exclaim, excruciating, excuse, executor.
 
 lis NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 exempt, exercise, exhaust, exhibition, exigency, existence, expect, 
 expedient, experience, explain, export, expression, extemporaneous, 
 exterior, extinguish, extraordinary, extravagance. 
 
 Note. — Words beginning with inex and unex should be written by 
 omitting the x dot and writing the syllable in or un in place of the dot. 
 The pen is lifted after writing the in or un syllable and the latter part of 
 the word written the same as though the x dot had been used. 
 
 Inexact, inexhaustible, unexpected, inexperienced, inexpensive. 
 
 LESSON 10. 
 
 CONTRACTED OUTLINES. 
 
 There, during, great, proper, judge, brought, for, very, more, nor, 
 swore, large, hear, gentlemen, shall, rule, did, said, not, to-do, 
 might, could,, right, let, but, put, should, with, would, what, Jesus, 
 cases, possess, process, then, time, been, can, come, general, run, 
 long, shown, him, soon, some, man, bring, sworn, crime, course, 
 force, purpose, does, most, less, race, best, secure, spirit, strength, 
 second, stand, such. 
 
 During all that time he did not write to me. What course do you think 
 is best for bringing the people to church? He said he would come very 
 soon, but it is now long past church time. That will be the proper time to 
 see him, of course. Now is the time for all good people to secure strength 
 and take a stand against tlie mighty liquor traffic.
 
 REVIEW LESSONS. 119 
 
 LESSON 11. 
 
 INITIAL SYLLABLES. 
 
 Because, before, befall, being, begin, l^elong, besides, betray, 
 debase, decision, deface, depose, defend, defensive, d^orm, degener- 
 ation, delay, deliberate, deliver, delight, determine, deteriorate, 
 detract, receive, reciprocal, reciprocity, recuperate, regard, regret, 
 reconnoiter, repentance, replevin, reporter, reproach, resort. 
 
 Note. — In the following words beginning with con and con, the 
 syllables con and com should be written out by use of the /-stroke and n 
 hook. 
 
 Command, commander, commemorate, comment, commerce, 
 commercial, commission, conclusion, concordance, conglomeration, 
 congratulate, congregation, congress, conquer, conquest, consecration, 
 consecutive. 
 
 Certificate, ceremony, surface, surname, surpass, surprise, surround, 
 survive, surveyor, permission, produce, profession, project, propel, 
 protract, protest, provision. 
 
 LESSON 12. 
 
 INITIAL SYLLABLES. 
 
 Disagreeable, disappoint, disorder, disaster, disburse, discern, disciple, 
 discipline, discompose, discontinue, discourage, discrepancy, discrimi- 
 nate, disfigure, dishonest, dishonor, dislike, disobedience, disposal, 
 dispute, disregard, disrespectful, dissipation, dissolve, dissyllable, 
 distinction, distinguish, distribute, misapprehension, miscalculation.
 
 120 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 mischievous, misconstrue, miserable, misfortune, misinform, mispro- 
 nounce, misrepresent, mistrust, misunderstood, self-conceit, self-esteem, 
 selfish, itself, himself, yourself, myself, herself, themselves, ourselves, 
 seminary, senatorial, sensible, sensual, sentence, sentiment, senti- 
 mental, sincere, singing, singular, summary, summons, sundries, 
 somebody, somehow, something, sometimes, transact, transcend, 
 transcribe, transfer, transfiguration, transformation, transgression, 
 transitory, transparent, transportation. 
 
 Note. — When the syllable dis is followed by the n or ;;/ hook, as in 
 disengage, the syllable dis should be written out in full, that is by reversing 
 the i on the d stroke. 
 
 Disengage, disinterested, disembodied, disintegration, disinfect, 
 disinherit, disembark. 
 
 LESSON 13. 
 
 FINAL SYLLABLES. 
 Adage, manage, marriage, average, message, cottage, image, usage, 
 storage, carriage, mucilage, patronage, baggage, village, homage, 
 visage, postage, voyage, recede, proceed, proceedings, decide, consider, 
 besides, desist, consist, resist, persist, assist, deserve, observe, 
 conservative, subserve, preserve, reserve, preservation, afflict, confiict, 
 autograph, lithograph, photograph, paragraph, stenographer, geology, 
 theology, phraseology, physiology, phrenology, biology, etymology, 
 doxology, apology, theological, chronological, preparatory, observatory, 
 transitory, purgatory, laboratory, victory, repository, depository, 
 territory, childhood, manhood, falsehood, brotherhood, sisterhood, 
 boyhood, girlhood, neighl)orhood.
 
 REVIEW LESSONS. 121 
 
 LESSON 14. 
 
 CONSONANT OUTLINES. 
 
 Assist, among, amount, balance, became, begin, behind, beyond, 
 
 belief, believe, between, both, brother, book, carpenter, chance, 
 
 character, child, correspond, clerk, criminal, culture, danger, direct, 
 
 develop, disease, duty, dwell, expense, experience, flower, fact, 
 
 farther, find, first, fire, frequent, friend, from, future, give-gave, 
 
 govern, health, help, half, hope, heard-hard, loss, life, live. Lord, 
 
 mark, modern, material, moral, member, move, much, murder, 
 
 never, nevertheless, north, notes, number, one, part, person, 
 
 policy, power, plural-ity, political, possible, principle, profit, provide, 
 
 qualify, quarter, reason, race, receive, remember, result, spoke, 
 
 secretary, sell, slavery, student, study, sudden, success, thank, 
 
 together, word, worth, work, world. 
 
 Note. — The following words can also be best represented by their 
 consonant outlines: 
 
 Birth, bound, correct, flame, guilt-y, lost, plan-plain. 
 
 LESSON 15. 
 
 WORDS OF FREQUENT OCCURRENCE AND PHRASE 
 WRITING. 
 
 Act, acts, active, ask, any, all, again, against, age, before, 
 
 because, being, better, case, cases, careful, certain, death, doubt, 
 
 even, ever, effort, earth, entirely, fast, follow, enter, found, happiness, 
 
 honest, home, human, how, wb house, horse, in, if, last, least.
 
 12.2 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 letter, little, love, land, man, men, neither, name, nature, natural, 
 next, offer, officer, over, open, on, out, pass, please, price, quick, 
 quit, write, read, scholar, speak, true, tell, teller, through, thought, 
 them, us, up, upon, value, west, when, youth, yes, yesterday. 
 
 That is not true at the present time. We will not he able to help you at 
 present. I do not think they are to be there. It seems to me that in many 
 cases that would not be true. What is your opinion of the matter by this 
 ume ? It has been some time since we were there. Uo you know the 
 defendant in this action ? Yes, sir, I met him some years ago. I believe 
 we shall in the course of time be able to comply with your request. 
 
 LESSON 10. 
 
 FORMATION OF OUTLINES AND DERIVATIVE WORDS. 
 
 Actual, habitual, congratulate, intellect, perpetual, perpetrate, 
 suasion, betwixt, assignee, susceptible, behave, behalf, perhaps, 
 exhibit, took, stock, doctor, know, stop, drying, drink, paying, pang, 
 almost, already, almighty, although, altogether, also, always, forbear, 
 foreclose, forget, forenoon, former, foresee, forethought, forgive, 
 forgot, formation, foretell, forwarded, hereto, hereby, hereon, here- 
 after, herein, heretofore, herewith, hereupon, hercinto, hereat, outcome, 
 outrage, outbreak, outfit, outgrown, outlook, outnumber, outset, outer, 
 outstanding, outstretch, outwork, outward, overhead, overrule, 
 overland, overlook, overpower, overtake, whereby, wherefor, whereon, 
 A-hereof, whereto, wherewith, wherever, withdrawn, withheki, withhold, 
 without, withstood, thereby, therefore, thereat, thereafter, therein, 
 thereon, thereto, thereupon, therewith, whatever, whichever, 
 Afhosoever, whatsoever, wheresoever, whichsoever.
 
 REVIEW LESSONS. 12;-' 
 
 LESSON IT. 
 
 SIMILAR WORDS DISTINGUISHED. 
 Arms, armies, another, author, county, country, corporal, corporeal, 
 defense, defiance, dead, death, ditter, defer, diseased, deceased, dozen, 
 thousand, emigration, immigration, further, farther, flee, fly, forget, 
 forgot, fav*ored, favoiite, fire-fear, fair-far, fight, fit, genteel, gentle, 
 genius, genuine, guaranty, guarantee, however, whoever, human, 
 humane, herein, hereon, indebted, indicted, ingenuous, ingenious, into, 
 unto, little, letter, man, men, patron, pattern, proscribe, prescribe, p'^or, 
 pure, quit-quite, quiet, read, write, sent, send, true-truth, through, this, 
 these, yourself, yourselves, unavoidable, inevitable, veracity, voracity, 
 youth, out. 
 
 LESSON 18. 
 
 SHORTHAND NOTATION. 
 Three hundred, nine hundred, forty-three hundred, seven thousand, 
 ten thousand, four hundred thousand, one hundred thousand, four 
 million, three million, five hundred thousand, ten dollars, three 
 hundred dollars, four million dollars, one hundred thousand dollars, 
 twenty-five hundred dollars, two years, three months, four weeks, ten 
 days, twelve hours, thirty minutes, forty seconds, four pounds, three 
 shillings, six pence, seventy bu. at ninety cents per bushel, eight per 
 cent per annum, four miles, six feet, eight inches, nine times out of 
 ten, ninety-nine times out of a hundred, three or four, four or five, 
 six or seven, three by four, four by six, four and a half by six feet, 
 six feet four inches by four feet two inches.
 
 124 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 LESSON 19. 
 
 REPORTING CONTRACTIONS. 
 
 About, according, advantage, advertise, appropriate, after, accomplisb, 
 another, business, capable, convenient convenience, christian-christianity, 
 circumstances, chapter, common, commence, defendant, estabHsh, 
 famihar-famiharity, glory, hand, ignorant, language, magnificent- 
 magnificence, necessary, necessity, object, notwithstanding, order- 
 ordinary, opportunity, propose, particular, peculiar, period, re[iresent, 
 people, plaintiff, revolution, perpendicular-perpendicularity, revelation, 
 suggest, sufficient, scripture, signify-significant, superintend- superin- 
 tendent, whether, king, kingdom. 
 
 He is perfectly familiar with the peculiar circumstances, notwith- 
 standing the disadvantage he is put to through their ignorance of the 
 scriptures. 
 
 The revolution was a revelation to the Christian people of the 
 kingdom. 
 
 They propose to establish a business which shall represent the best 
 interests of the people, but whether they will succeed or not cannot at 
 this period be ascertained. 
 
 The defendant will object to the advantage taken by the plaintiff.
 
 REVIEW LESSONS. 125 
 
 LESSON 20. 
 
 DICTATION EXERCISE. 
 
 THE WANT OF THE AGE. 
 
 " It has been truly said that the great want of the age is men. Men of 
 thought ; men of action. Men who are not for sale. Men who are honest 
 to the heart's core. Men who will condemn wrong in friend or foe in 
 themselves as well as others. Men whose consciences are as steady as the 
 needle to the pole. Men who will stand for right if the heavens totter and 
 the earth reels. Men who can tell the truth and look the world and the 
 devil right in the eye. Men who can have courage without whistling for 
 it, and joy without shouting to bring it. Men through whom the current of 
 everlasting life runs still and deep and strong. Men too large for certain 
 limits, and too strong for sectarian bands. Men who know their message 
 and tell it. Men who know their place and till it. Men who mind their 
 own business. Men who will not lie. Men who are not too lazy to work, 
 nor too proud to be poor. When in the office, the workshop, the counting- 
 room, the bank, in every place of trust and responsibility, we can have 
 such men as these, we shall have a Christian civilization — the highest and 
 best the world ever saw." 
 
 LESSON 21. 
 
 REPORTING PHRASES. 
 At least, at last, at the time, at this time, at that time, at all events, 
 by the way, by no means, further than, for instance, here and there, 
 House of Representatives, in a few days, in the first place, in the 
 second place, in order to, I do not know, I do not think, in such 
 manner, it is necessary, it will be remembered, in some cases. Ladies 
 and Gentlemen, Mr. President, on the contrary, on the one hand, 
 on the other hand, once in a while, party of the first part, party of the
 
 126 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 second part, young men and women, as a matter of fact, by the court, 
 county court, counsel for the defendant, counsel for the plaintiff, cro-s 
 examination, do you recollect, do you remember, direct examination, 
 grand jury, habeas corpus, how long have you been, I cannot 
 remember, I do not remember, I have not been, I will not be, learned 
 counsel, objection sustained, objection overruled, prisonci" at the bar, 
 re-direct examination, Superior Court, what is your business, what is 
 your occupation, your Honor, verdict of the jury. 
 
 THEOLOGICAL PHRASES. 
 Almighty God, Christ Jesus, Holy Ghost, Jesus Christ, kingdom of 
 heaven, kingdom of God, Lord and Savior, resurrection of the body, 
 Roman Catholic Church, Savior ol the world, Son of God. 
 
 LESSON 22. 
 
 COMMERCIAL EXPRESSIONS. 
 
 In reply to your favor of the loth instant, we beg to state. 
 
 We are just in receipt of your favor enclosing draft for ^i6. 
 
 Your esteemed favor of the 4th instant was received to day. 
 
 In answer to yours of the 15th instant we desire to say. 
 
 Your esteemed favor of the 7th is at hand and contents noted. 
 
 Your favor of the l6th is at hand witli prices and terms, whiOh we fmd 
 entirely satisfactory. 
 
 We beg leave to introduce to you tlie bearer of tliis letter, Mr. Thomas 
 Neland.
 
 REVIEW LESSONS. 127 
 
 Hoping to hear from you l>y return mail, we remain. 
 
 We ship you to-day per Am. Ex. Co the goods ordered on the loth. 
 
 Please acknowledge receipt of goods by return mail and oblige. 
 
 Hoping that these terms will be satisfactory, we are, Very truly yours. 
 
 You will greatly oblige us by giving this your prompt attention. 
 
 We regret very much that we are unable to execute your order of the 
 19th. 
 
 Trusting that we may be favored with your orders, we remain. 
 
 We are sorry to say that it is wholly out of our power to fill your order. 
 
 LESSON 23. 
 
 BUSINESS LETTER. 
 Dear Sir. 
 
 Yours of the 6th instant, asking what the chances are for obtaining 
 employment in the railroad business in this city, is just at hand. 
 
 I am sorry to say that I am not able to speak very encouragingly on the 
 subject. There are no railroads here of any importance outside of those 
 operated by this company. Our offices are fully supplied with all the clerks 
 we shall probably want this season, as we are now doing about our heaviest 
 business. 
 
 If you were here it is possible you might be able to get something to do. 
 but I would not advise you to take chances. You speak of being the chief 
 clerk in the office where you are now located, and I should suppose that 
 your present position is very much better than you could hope to secure at 
 once out here. Any help which may possibly be taken on this fall will, no 
 doubt, be merely temporary, and of course you want nothing of that kind. 
 
 I frequently receive just such letters as yours, and to all I say candidly 
 that if any person has a good position in the East he had better hold on to it. 
 Yours respectfully.
 
 128 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 LESSON 24. 
 
 BUSINESS LETTER. 
 Dear Sir. 
 
 We herewith enclose you a hst of discounts and net prices, which we 
 are prepared to allow you at the present time for your orders. 
 
 It is perhaps unnecessary for us to mention that we are prepared to 
 handle this trade in the most satisfactory manner, and to offer goods at the 
 very lowest prices consistent with uniformity and reliability in every partic- 
 ular. 
 
 We are desirous of securing your business, and would highly appreciate 
 an opportunity to figure with you on special orders. We will bring to bear 
 every facility we enjoy to name to you discounts at least a shade lower 
 than you can get elsewhere. If you would like samples, a member of our 
 firm will call upon you with them, and fully explain the merits of our 
 goods. 
 
 A call here at cur store will convince you of our ability to handle your 
 orders promptly, and supply you with goods that cannot fail to render 
 entire satisfaction. Anticipating a conference with you at an early date, 
 we are, 
 
 Very truly yours. 
 
 LESSON 25. 
 
 REASONS OF FAILURE. 
 
 " I would name, first, a lack of special preparation on the part of young 
 men for a special occupation or profession. Most boys get a fair general 
 education, and when that is done, take hold of the thing which promises 
 the most immediate return for their labor, not stopping to look forward to 
 the end, or to consult their adaptability to the business or profession. 
 Some look only to see what standing it will give them in society; others 
 consider if it will enable them to dress in fine clothing and make a good 
 appearance.
 
 REVIEW LESSONS. 129 
 
 " Next stands the mistake of young men in being in too much of a hurry 
 to spend money as fast as others, a desire to be considered in better 
 circumstances than they really are, and a pressure to get ahead faster than 
 they learn their business. In this way one often climbs a ladder before the 
 foundation is made secure ; and afterwards, when he has to take the 
 responsibility, does not know all his business, and has to entrust a part of 
 it to others, and does not know whether they are doing it right or not. By 
 and by, when he thinks he is safe and beyond danger, the foundation 
 corner, which he trusted to some one else, has given way, and he is over- 
 thrown. He needs to know his whole business, so that he can tell when 
 it is done right. 
 
 " Another great mistake is, that when a young man sees his name on a 
 sign, he is apt to think that his fortune is made, and so begins to spend 
 money as if he had already got beyond any chance of failure. Another 
 common mistake is, that men, old as well as young, are too ready to use 
 their credit, not realizing that the goods bought on credit are not theirs, 
 and that a pay-day is coming. When they find their notes coming due, 
 and have not the money to pay them, they are tempted to sell goods with- 
 out a profit, for the sake of getting the money, or a note which they can 
 turn into money. Just the moment a man is obliged to do that, he is not 
 a master of his own business ; and, as a rule, it is only a matter of a little 
 time when he will have to go down. Let a young man fear God, be 
 industrious, know his business, spend a little less than he earns, and 
 success is sure." 
 
 LESSON 2G. 
 
 COURT PROCEEDINGS, MAY lo, 1883. 
 
 THE PLAINTIFF STATED HIS CASE TO THE JURY. 
 
 Levi Evans, sworn on behalf of the plaintiff, testified as follows : 
 Q. Are you acquainted with the defendant? A. Yes, sir; I know 
 him. 
 
 Q. You may examine that note. (Paper handed witness.) 
 9
 
 130 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 Q. Was there a time when you went to Johnstown and presented that 
 note to the defendant ? A. Ves, sir. 
 
 Q. When was that? A. That was in December, I tliink. 
 
 Q. December of what year ? A. In 1S79. 
 
 Q. You may state whether he admitted the execution of that note? 
 A. He did. 
 
 Q. Was the note then in its present condition? A. Ves, sir; it was. 
 
 Mr. Van F'leet : I now offer tlie note in evidence. 
 
 Cross exa?nination by I^Ii'. Norton. 
 
 Q. Vou say it was in December, 1879, when you were at Johnstown? 
 A. I think it was. 
 
 Q. Wiiat did you go there for ? A. To get some money. 
 Q. On this note ? A. Yes, sir. 
 
 Q. Now when did you first show the defendant the note after you got 
 there ? A. I didn't show it to him until after he and I made up a 
 statement. 
 
 Q. You and he figured some before you showed him the note ? A. 
 Yes, sir. 
 
 Q. You testified when Mr. ^'an Fleet asked you about it, that he 
 admitted the execution of the note, and was going to pay it. A. He said 
 he signed tlie note and was going to pay it. 
 
 Q. Now wasn't there some talk between you and Mr. Denning at that 
 
 time about the note being for $75 or $150? A. No, sir; there wasn't a 
 word said about the note ; what it was for. 
 
 Q. Did he look at the note at that time? A. Yes, sir. 
 
 Q. Now while you were there that day, he offered to pay you some 
 money on the note, did he not? A. Yes, sir; he offered to pay me some 
 money. 
 
 Q. And while he was there was this endorsement written on this note; 
 " Received on the within, $39.94"? A. Yes, sir. 
 
 Mr. Van Fleet : To that I object. 
 
 The Court : I think perhaps we are entitled to have all there was of it.
 
 REVIEW LESSONS. 131 
 
 Mr. Van Fleet : You don't lake it as evidence of payment? 
 
 The Court : No. 
 
 Q. Now at that time — when he offered to pay you — you consented tlial 
 this should be put on, and he was to pay you the balance of the amount on 
 the note ? A. Will you allow me to tell what was said ? 
 
 Q. No, sir; you answer my question. You consented that he should 
 put this on and then he was going to pay you the balance? A. No, sir; 
 that was not the way of it. 
 
 Q. As a matter of fact after this was put on he offered to pay you some- 
 thing — about $40, or more ? A. No, sir. 
 
 Q. IIow much was it he offered to pay you? A. He said he had 
 ^32.00, but he would not let me take it and count it. 
 
 Q. He offered to pay you ^32.00 if you would take it and accept it? 
 A. He offered me a roll of money but he would not let me take it and 
 count it. 
 
 Q. He offered you some money which he said was about $32.00, and 
 you wouldn't accept it? A. Yes, sir. 
 
 Q. You claimed it should be more ? A. Yes, sir. 
 
 Q. Now $32.00 in addition to this $39.34 would have been sufficient to 
 have paid the amount due you on this note, wouldn't it? A. Why I 
 presume so, if that had been put on there for a payment. 
 
 Q. Did he say he would pay you $32.00, or was it about $38.00 that 
 he offered you ? A. No, sir; he didn't say $38.00 at all, he said $32.00. 
 
 Redirect exai/iiiiation by Mr. Vaii Fleet. 
 
 Q. I understood you to say that he had this note in his hands and made 
 this endorsement upon its back? A. Yes, sir- in December after I was 
 there. 
 
 Q. And he admitted its ex';cution after an examination of it ? A. Yes, 
 sir. 
 
 Mr. Norton: What did he say about admitting its execution? A. He 
 said he signed all of those notes. 
 
 Q. There were several others spoken of? A. Yes, sir; several. 
 
 Mr. Van Fleet : And he did not say anything about any alterations in 
 the note ? A. No, sir? he did not.
 
 i;32 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 Mr. Van Fleet : I now read the note in evidence : 
 §75.00. Johnstown, N. Y., May 14th, 1875. 
 
 For value received we jointly and severally agree to pay Levi Evans 
 seventy-five dollars, sixty days from date. 
 
 J. G. Denning. 
 C. C. Denning. 
 Plaintiff Rests. 
 
 ■Mr. Norton : The defendant moves for a nonsuit, upon the ground that 
 the plaintiff" has not proved facts sufficient to concede cause of action; that 
 there is a fatal variance between the complaint and the proof; that the 
 complaint asks and demands judgment on a note for ;? 150.00, describing 
 it, while the note offered in evidence is a note for ^75.00; and also upon 
 the further ground that there have been material alterations in the note 
 which it does not appear were made with the consent of the defendant. 
 
 Motion denied ; exception taken. 
 
 Dr. C. C. Denning, defendant, sworn and examined by Mr. Norton, 
 testifies as follows : 
 
 Q. Where do you reside ? A. Johnstown. 
 
 Q. What is your occupation ? A. A physician and surgeon. 
 
 Q. How long have you lived there ? A. P'ourteen years. 
 
 Q. Where did this brother of yours reside? A. Andover. 
 
 Q. This J. G. Denning was your brother? A. Yes, sir. 
 
 Q. When did he die? A. I think it was in September, 1879. 
 
 Q. Now, Doctor, you signed this note, C. C. Denning, did you ? (note 
 shown to witness.) A. Yes, sir. 
 
 Q. When you signed that note was it in the same condition, and did it 
 have the same appearance which it has now ? A. No, sir. 
 
 Q. What changes appear to have been made since you signed it ? 
 A. The date of May 12 has been changed to May 14; in the body of the 
 note a part of the seven has been erased and a cipher added to the right of 
 the five. 
 
 Q. These changes have been made since the note left your possession ? 
 A. Yes, sir. 
 
 Q. Were they made with your knowledge or consent ? A. No, sir.
 
 REVIEW LESSONS. 133 
 
 Q. Doctor, what was the consideration to you upon this note ? A. 
 There wasn't any. 
 
 Q. You merely signed it for accommodation ? A. Yes, sir. 
 
 Q. Now, when Mr. Evans came to your office, what was the conversa- 
 tion in there, that you recollect? A. He told me he had come to settle 
 up; I asked him if he had the note with him and he said he had ; I asked 
 him to let me see it ; I took the note and turned it over and looked at the 
 back, and I said to him " there has been ^40.00 paid on this note, hasn't 
 there" ? He said yes. I said to him you endorse what has been paid on 
 the note and I will either pay you the balance or give you my note due in 
 three weeks. 
 
 Q. But you didn't notice the other alterations ? A. No, sir; not until 
 afterwards. 
 
 Q. Did you ever intend in any way to write this note as it appears to be 
 altered ? A. No, sir. 
 
 Cross examination by Mr. Van Fleet. 
 
 Q. When did you first notice the alterations in the figures in the body 
 of the note ? A. I think it was at Andover during the first suit ; I think 
 Mr. Scott called my attention to the change in it at that time. 
 
 Q. Was there anything said at Andover in regard to the alterations ? 
 A. We put in no evidence that I know of. 
 
 Q. You had this note in your hands and looked at it did you not ? 
 A. Yes, sir. 
 
 Q. Did you not claim to Evans that the note was given as security foi 
 sixty days' milk ? 
 
 Mr. Norton : I object to that, it is immaterial. 
 
 Objection overruled ; exception taken. 
 A. I think I told Evans that I signed that note with my brother. 
 
 Re-direct examination by Air. Norton. 
 
 Q. You say that your understanding was from Mr. Evans that this note 
 was given to secure the first sixty days' milk ? A. Yes, sir. 
 
 Q. That you had no interest in it whatever? A. No, sir; none at all. 
 
 Q. And whatever was paid was to be endorsed on the note? A. Yes 
 sir ; that is the way I understood it.
 
 KEY TO THE SHORTHAND 
 PLATES 
 
 COMBINATIONS, Page 29. 
 
 5. — high, shy, lie, rye, sigh, tie, thy. 6. — ill, in, ice, eyes, if, it, oil. 
 7. — hoe, show, low, row, sew, how, now. 8. — day, they, pay, ray, lay, 
 saw, law. 9. — ale, air, ?.n, ache, ape, awl, aught. 10. — hew, sue, new, 
 due, your, us, up. 11. — date, taught, take, talk, tan, tar. 12. — Oil, 
 fell, fail, pare, poor, bear. 13. — pick, back, pan, line, pail, rail 14. — 
 name, main, nine, says, size. 
 
 COMBIN.\TIONS, continued, Page 33. 
 
 2. — dash, cash, chief, peach, fair, dish. 3. — edit, attain, attire, attic, 
 audit. 4. — tally, folly, holy, happy, tarry, sorry. 5. — follow, sorrow, 
 hollow, narrow, borrow, thorough. 6. — delay, allay, array, easy, any, 
 saucy. 7. — death, path, hath, bath, youth, faith. 8. — paying, failing, 
 aiming, keeping, evening. 9. — pop, tooth, rope, cup, top, love. 11. — 
 win, wise, wire, wish, wide, wit. 12. — wear, wash, wake, wait, wail, 
 wade. 13. — whine, when, whale, wheat, wheel, whip. 
 
 THE HOOKS, Page 35. 
 
 4. — school, skill, skate, sketch, scare, spire. 5. — snake, snare, slack, 
 sleep, smell, snail. 6. — dimes, lines, pens, names, pains, chains. 7. — 
 pails, chills, fails, makes, takes, pairs. 10. — storm, arm, alarm, elm, 
 film, term. 11. — inside, inmate, inlet, inquire, entire, enjoin. 12. — 
 impair, impeach, immense, insure, engage, endorse. 13. — I am sure he 
 saw into your scheme. 
 
 SENTENCES, Page 37. 
 
 1. — I know he will do as you or I wish. 2. — I will take that as I know 
 you are lame. 3. — You are to be the judge of that question. 4. — That 
 will be of no use to you now. 5. — We will go and see if that is so.
 
 136 NEW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 6. — That was the thing to do at that time. 7. — I will go as I have 
 nothing else to do. 8 — The public will see to that in a day or two. 
 
 H.ALVIXG PRINXTPLE, Page 39. 
 
 3. — track, trap, trail, prayer, prior, break. 4. — prime, preach, 
 brains, pride, brick, grip. 7. — taper, keeper, labor, letter, pressure, 
 treasure. 8. — frail, frame, fried, favor, ever, either. 9. — preachers, 
 creatures, fritters, traders, primers, teachers. 10. — tailor, teller, 
 sailor, miller, jailor, scholar. 
 
 LENGTHENING PRINCIPLE, Page 41. 
 
 3. — towed, tied, doubt, stout, citizen. 4. — mat, sat, head, late, quite, 
 mode. 5. — filled, build, hold, mild, skilled. 6. — board, .short, start, 
 sort, sport. 7. — act, apt, art, old, east, end. 9. — treated, spaded, 
 slated, crated, cheated. 10. — acted, ended, needed, loaded, sodded. 
 11. — different, intended, assist, attend, inside. 
 
 SENTENCES, Page 43. 
 
 1. — Try and be of use that you may be happy. 2. — Do that which is 
 right, speak that which is true. 3. — The tree will bend while young and 
 break when old. 4. — Be sure you are right ere you go too far. 5 — 
 Father said we might go to school next winter. 6. — Our house is built 
 of wood and is very dry. 7. — I know you will enjoy that trip in the 
 spring. 8.— He told me they would be here to-night. 9. — A friend in 
 need is a friend indeed. 10. — They are happy who do right and count 
 not — 1 1. — the cost. They are wise who have learned that — 12. — it is of 
 no use to worry but to act. 13. — Do you know that the toiler who would 
 earn his — 14. — pay, should leave his couch at break of day. 
 
 MINUTING PRINCIPLE, Page 45. 
 
 3. — pickle, sickle, nickel, tickle, legal, cackle. 4. — nibble, pebble, 
 feeble, quibble, hobble, sable. 7. — mingle, tingle, jingle, ankle, wrinkle, 
 sprinkle. 8. — nimble, humble, thimble, trample, ample, honorable. 
 9. — lawful, awful, careful, ritle, painful, baffle. 10. — novel, ravel, evil, 
 marvel, level, anvil. 11. — When will you be able to be there? 12. — 
 The people were very glad to see me.
 
 KEY T() THE SHORTHAND I'LATES. \ ^7 
 
 REVERSING PRINCIPLE, Page 47. 
 
 3. — post, boast, fast, cask, past, feast. 4. — place, please, pleasing, 
 pleased, class, flies, blessing. 5. — ask, asks, ascribe, aspire, escape, 
 eastern. 8. — sustain, suspense, suspend, suspect, system, systems, 
 9. — passes, faces, chases, roses, mixes, access. 10. — whisk, wasp, 
 wisp, whiskers, whispers, witness. 11. — How very fast these pleasant 
 days pass by. 12. — Have a place for everything rnd have everything 
 in its place. 
 
 SENTENCES, Page 49. 
 
 1 . — It is good to be merry and wise. 2. — Use the means and trust to 
 God for the blessing. 3. — It is said that all is well that ends well. 4. — 
 That which you have to do do with all your might. 5. — To say 
 well is good, to do well is better. 6. — This is the hour to speak and 
 the hour to act. 7. — He that falls to-day may be up to-morrow. 8. — 
 They that steal an ounce will steal a pound. 9. — Do that which is right, 
 love that which is true. 10. — Old birds are not to be caught with chaff. 
 1 1 . — I shall be pleased to see you any day. 12. — What do you think of 
 the new way of writing? 13. — I think it is very easy to learn and it is 
 not hard to read either. 
 
 SUBORDINATE RULES, Page 51. 
 
 2. — register, originate, regiment, knowledge, diligent, lodging. 4. — 
 recognize, record, regular, elected, electricity. 6. — station, session, 
 rations, ocean, position, iiTstitution. 8. — attention, invention, assertion, 
 auctioneer, election, inspection. 10. — prediction, election, attraction. 
 12. — extend, exhaust, exposition, daily, sorely, neatly. 13. — propor- 
 tionately, additionally, occasionally, rationally, intentionally, optionally. 
 
 SENTENCES, Page 53. 
 
 7. — There is a time to speak and there is a — 8. — time to act. Time 
 and tide wait for — 9. — no man. How soon can you come and how — 10. — 
 long can you stay? Have you seen him several times? 11. — In my 
 opinion that course does not seem best. 12. — The general purpose of 
 such a course is to secure strength.
 
 138 NEW SlANDAkU SlIoRlMAM). 
 
 INITIAL SYLLABLES, P;i-e 55. 
 
 1. — because, beneath, betray, bequeath, bequest. 2. — deny, depot, 
 desirable, describe, defend. 3. — retain, redeem, remind, request, 
 reduce. 4. — conceit, confuse, confer, contrast, contract. 5. — combine, 
 compose, company, complete, compare. 6. — contain, continue, condi- 
 tion, condemnation, contemplation. 7. — conj^ress, concrete, concur, 
 concordance, concurrence. 8. — surface, surpass, certiticate, surprise, 
 serviceable, surrender. 9. — permit, pernicious, perspire, perseverance, 
 perspective. 10. — profess, produce, protract, protest, promote. 11 — 
 mortal, morman, mortise, murmur, murder, 12. — multiple, multiplica- 
 tion, multitude, maltreated. 13. — unconscious, unconverted, incom- 
 plete, unconcern, incomprehensible. 14. — circular, circulation, circle, 
 circulars, circuit. 
 
 INITIAL SYLLABLES, contmued, Page 57. 
 
 1. — dispose, distress, disgrace, discuss, dispel, disciple. 2. — misplace, 
 mistake, miscellany, mister, miserable. 3. — interest, interpose, inter- 
 mit, entirely, enter. 4. — under, undermine, undergo, understood, 
 underrate. 5. — transmit, translation, transposition, transact, transcribe. 
 6. — self-same, self-made, self-conceit, seltish, self-esteem. 7. — submit, 
 substance, substitute, subtract. 8. — superstitious, superscription, super- 
 vise, supreme. V. — senate, sentence, sensation, sentinal, seems. 
 10. — similar, simple, single, simplest, singular. 11. — sunned, sunset, 
 sundries, somehow, something. 12. — manful, manual, manifest, mani- 
 fold, manager, mantel. 13. — temptation, temperance, temporal, demo- 
 crat, tendency. 14. — penetration, penitentiary, penman, pension, 
 punishment. 
 
 FINAL SYLLABLES, Page 59. 
 
 1. — manage, marriage, usage, average, image, baggage. 2. — reside, 
 proceed, decide, besides, consider. 3. — desist, resist, consist, persist, 
 insist. 4. — deserve, preserve, reserve, conserve, observe, subserve. 
 5. — conform, deform, perform, reform, inform. 6. — defect, perfect, 
 infect, affect, effect. 7. — reflect, deflect, inllict, conflict, afflict. 8. — 
 autograph, paragraph, stenography, lithograph, pantograph. 9. — 
 theology, physiology, biology, ethnology, geology, theological. 10.—
 
 KEY TO ITIK SlluKl 11AM) PLATKS. 139 
 
 oratory, preparatory, depository, supplementary, notary. 11. — man- 
 hood, sisterhood, boyhood, falsehood, brotherhood. 12. — testament, 
 sentiment, liniment, elements. 13. — hardship, lordship, scholarship, 
 worship, authorship. 14. — myself, itself, herself, yourself, themselves, 
 himself. 
 
 SENTEN'CES, Page 65. 
 
 1. — We have no right to teach that which we do not believe. 2. — 
 Sometimes the more one has the more he wishes to have. 3. — A word 
 let go cannot be called back. 4. — A good word is as soon said as a bad 
 one. 5. — It is vain to use words where deeds are expected. 6. — An 
 hour of pain is as long as a day of pleasure. 7. — Not to have hope is 
 the poorest of all conditions. 8. — That which you have to do, do with 
 all your might. 9. — If pride were an art there would be many teachers. 
 10. — Willful thoughts have no excuse and deserve no pardon. 11. — 
 Happy is he who knows his follies in his youth. 12. — First, be sure you 
 are right and then go ahead. 13. — Leave not until to-morrow that 
 which you can do to-day. 14. — .\re you not happy to be able to write 
 shorthand. 
 
 PHRASE WRITING, Page 67. 
 
 1. — to a, not a, by a, of a, is a, for a, as a or has a. 2. — which are, 
 there are, they are, we are, that are, you are. 3. — and to, and will, and a, 
 and you, and I, and is or his, you and I. 4. — to all, of all, on all, for 
 all, all of, all other. 5. — as is or has his, as has, as well as, as large 
 as, as great as, as many as, as soon as. 6. — to be, will be, can be, 
 may be, shall be, be able to. 7. — for it, if it, with it, which it, it 
 will, it is. 8. — did you, we did, I did, did have, did it. 9.— he was, he 
 is, he said, he will, he can, is he or as he. 10. — he had, who had, and 
 had, had there or other, we had. 1 1 . — for is or his, ot his, or is or his, 
 which is or his, is not, in his, that is or his. 12.— have not, to have, 
 will have, we have, would have, have there or other, you have. 13. — 
 1 will, I know, I have, 1 shall, I wish, I think, that I. 14.— in a, in there 
 or other, in which, in such, in some, in many, in this.
 
 140 NEW STANDARD SHUKTHAND. 
 
 PHRASE WRITING, continued, Page 69. 
 1 . — to me or my, for me or my, at me or my, in me or my, is my. 
 2. — will not, not very, could not, don't, did not, should not. 3. — their 
 own or thereon, is on or his own, our own, her own, my own, its own 
 or it is on. 4. — no one, for one, anyone, which one, some one. 5. — 
 for to, is to or his too, that to, or to or our two, to which, to you. 6. — 
 no other, in there or in other, with their or with other, by their or by 
 there or by other, any other, some other. 7. — more than, less than, 
 greater than, than to, than will, than their or than there or than other. 
 8. — to the, by the or be the, for the, will the, and the, so the, that the. 
 9.— that will, that can, that which, that a, to that, in that, that that. 
 10. — you will, will you, to you, do you, have you, you may, that you. 
 1 1 . — to your, by your or be your, for your, which your, of your, that 
 your. 12. — by and by, higher and higher, less and less, greater and 
 greater, year by year, one by one, two by two. 
 
 ADVICE TO THE STUDENT, Page 71. 
 1. — The principle of combining words into phrases is — 2. — ver} useful 
 but should never be permitted to impair — 3. — the legibility of the writ- 
 ing. In your practice you should phrase only — 4. — such words as will 
 join easily and which will be — 5. — perfectly legible to any one who 
 understands the system. 6. — Remember that the purpose of phrasing is 
 to facilitate your work — 7. — in every way possible, and, therefore, 
 practice it only — 8.— where it will conduce to this end. 9. — Take pains 
 to form your characters well and in writing — 10. — use an easy, sliding 
 motion, observing that no time — 11. — is wasted in passing from one 
 word to — 12. — another. Let your motto be, practice and perseverance, 
 and — 13. — with the belief that what others have done you can do, noth- 
 ing — 14. — will {^vent you from reachmg the goal of your ambition. 
 
 'derivative outlines. Page 75. 
 1. — almost, already. Almighty, although, altogether. 2. — also, 
 always. Forbear, foreclose, forget, forgot. 3. — foreknown or fore- 
 noon, former, foresee, forethought, forgive or forgave, formation, fore- 
 tell. 4. — Hereto, hereby, hereafter, hereon, herein, heretofore. 5. — 
 herewith, hereupon, hereat. Outcome, outlit, outer. 6. — outlook, 
 outnumber, outrage or outreach, outset or out.<ide, outstanding. 7. —
 
 KEY TO THE SHORTHAND PLATES. 141 
 
 outwork, outward, outline. Oversee, overrule. 8. — overtake, over- 
 took, overhead, overload, overcoat, overwhelm. 9. — Whereby, where- 
 ever, whereto, whereof, wherewith, wherefore. 10. — wherein, where- 
 upon. Within, withheld, withhold. 11. — without, withdrawn, with- 
 stand. Thereby, therein. 12. — thereon, therefore, thereat, thereafter, 
 thereto, thereupon. 13. — therewith. Wherever, whatever, however, 
 whoever, whenever. 14. — whichever, forever, wheresoever, whatso- 
 ever, whichsoever, whosoever. 
 
 SHORTHAND NOTATION, Page 79. 
 
 I . — three hundred, four hundred, five hundred, six hundred, twenty- 
 seven hundred. 2. — three thousand, four thousand, twenty-five thous- 
 and, four hundred thousand, eight hundred thousand. 3. — three million, 
 one million, four million, eight million, three hundred million. 4. — four 
 dollars, three dollars, ten dollars, four hundred dollars, seven thousand 
 dollars. 5. — three minutes, two hours, four days, seven weeks. 6. — 
 six months, three years, four days ago, six weeks ago. Twenty four- 
 miles, three feet. 7. — ten inches, seven pounds, three shillings, six 
 pence, ninety-nine times out of a hundred. 
 
 ADVICE TO YOUNG MEN, Page 81. 
 
 I. — Let me address you for a moment touching your success in life 
 2. — and I hope the very brevity of my remarks will increase the — 3. — 
 chance of their making a lodgement in your mind. Let me — 4. — beg 
 you in the outset of your career to dismiss — 5. — from your mind all idea 
 of succeeding by luck. 6. — There is no more common thought among 
 young people than that foolish — 7. — one that by and by something will 
 turn up by which they will suddenly — 8. — achieve fame and fortune. 
 No, young gentleman, things don't turn up — 9. — in this world unless 
 somebody turns them up. Whatever — 10. — you win in life you must 
 conquer by your own efforts and — 11. — then it is yours, a part of your- 
 self. (Applause.) 12. r— Let me suggest that in giving you being God 
 locked — 13. — up in your nature certain forces and capabilities. Preserve 
 — 14. — these forces. Do not burn them out with brandy — 15. — or 
 waste them in idleness and crime. Save and — 16. — protect them that 
 they may save for you fame and — 17. — fortune. Honestly resolve to 
 do this and you will be an — 18. — honor to yourself and to your country. 
 {App/ause).
 
 142 NEW STANDARD SHiJRTHAND. 
 
 GEMS OF POETRY, Page 82. 
 
 Courage brother, do not stumble. 
 
 Though thy path be dark as night; 
 There's a star to guide the humble. 
 
 Trust in God and do the right. 
 
 The heights by great men reached and kept, 
 
 Were not attained by sudden flight; 
 But they, while their companions slept. 
 
 Were toiling upward in the night. 
 
 Our whitest pearl we never lind, 
 
 Our ripest fruit we never reach; 
 The fiowery moments of the mind 
 
 Drop half their petals in our speech. 
 
 LETTER No. 1, Page 83. 
 
 Washington, D. C, April 6, '91. 
 Prof. A. T. Porter, 
 
 Supt. Public Instruction. 
 Dear Sir: 
 
 It affords me pleasure to testify to the personal worth and educational 
 qualifications of Mr. Chas. L. Miller, who, I am informed, is an applicant 
 for a position in one of your public schools. 
 
 He graduated at this Institution, as his diploma will show, in '86. As 
 a student he was distinguished for diligence, accuracy, integrity and a 
 conscientious discharge of every duty; and these qualities he has carried 
 with him into the schoolroom and into society. Such elements of 
 character combined with aptness in teaching and tact in enforcing disci- 
 pline cannot fail to render him, what I have long known him to be, a 
 very efficient and superior teacher. I cheerfully recommend him for the 
 position to which he aspires. 
 
 Very respectfully yours, 
 
 Sam'l K. Waterford, Principal.
 
 KKY 'lO IIIK SIIOKTIIAM) PI, AXES. 143 
 
 LKTTKR No. 2, Page 84. 
 
 State of New York, Att'y Gen's Office, Dec. 2, '90. 
 Hon. R. A. Maxwell, 
 
 Supt. Insurance. 
 Dkar Sir: 
 
 Replying to your letter of the 27th of October relating to .\ssessmei.t 
 Insurance Associations not authorized to transact business in this state 
 I have to advise you : 
 
 1. That under section 10, chapter 175 of the laws of '83, no such 
 association incorporated under the laws of another state can lawfully 
 transact business in this state unless it receives from the Supt. of 
 Insurance of this State a certificate of authority to do business here. 
 
 2. That under section 20 of that act any person who acts within this 
 State as an agent or collector of any such association, which has not 
 obtained from the Superintendant a certiticate of authority to transact 
 business here, is guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof 
 may be punished by a fine of not less than $100.00 or more than $500.00, 
 or by imprisonment in a county jail for not less than ten days or 
 more than one year. 
 
 Page 85. 
 
 3. Any citizen in the state knowing or having reason to believe that 
 any person has been guilty of the offense specified in the 20th section 
 may make a complaint in due form to the proper magistrate in the 
 county where the offense was committed. 
 
 4. It is the duty of the District Attorney upon complaint being made 
 to him that such an offense has been committed to submit all cases of 
 this character to the next Grand Jury that sits in the county, for their 
 action, and if an indictment is found it is his duty to cause the offender 
 to be arrested and brought to trial. 
 
 I think I have fully outlined the method of procedure for the supres- 
 sion of the business of unauthorized insurance in this State of the 
 character referred to in your letter. I am not aware of any other 
 remedy than the one I have pointed out. 
 
 Very truly yours, 
 
 ("has. F. Tabor, .Attorney General.
 
 144 NKW STANDARD SHORTHAND. 
 
 SPEECH BEFORE THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, 
 
 Page 105. 
 
 1. — Mr. Chairman: In the brief remarks which I desire to make on the 
 2. — bill under consideration, I do not propose to discuss at — 3. — length 
 the arguments which gentlemen on both sides of the House— 4. — have 
 already fully presented, nor shall I attempt to — 5. — review or to put a 
 new meaning into the great — 6. — mass of custom figures which have 
 been so carefully — 7. — prepared and explained by the gentlemen who 
 have preceded me. 8. — I do not intend to debate the question whether 
 or not we shall — 9.— have a tariff or whether that tariff shall be one for 
 protection — 1 0.— or not. I assume that whether this bill passes or — 1 1 . 
 — not we shall continue to have in this country a protective — 12. — 
 tariff, and that protective tariff, if it be fairly adjusted,— 13.— if its 
 burdens be distributed with justice so far as the — 14. — interests of my 
 constituents are concerned, I expect — 15. — to defend and advocate it as 
 long as I live. And— 16. — as long as 1 live, whenever I find in the tariff 
 laws— 17.-^or in any other of the laws which affect the people whom I 
 
 Page 106. 
 
 1. — represent, anything which seems to me in any degree unfair or — 
 2. — unjust, I shall not hesitate to advocate their revision and — 3. — 
 amendment.' (Applause). I propose here to discuss only what — 4. — 
 seems to me to be the question before the House, whether or not — 5. — 
 the present tariff and free list which accompanies it — 6. — should remain 
 unchanged during the existence of the 50th Congress. In the— 7. — 
 discussion of this question I shall not attempt to imitate — 8. — the 
 gentlemen who have with such wonderful patience and industry — 9. — 
 examined the views of the earlier presidents and construction of the 
 tariff — 10. — of 1789, and who have so carefully reviewed the whole 
 course of — 11. — legislation on this subject since the foundation of the 
 Republic. 12. — For my part and with the utmost deference to the Icarn- »> 
 ing — 13. — and ability of the gentlemen who have spoken, I am forced 
 to believe that — 14. — owing to the changes in transportation, invention «.f 
 of new machinery, — 15. — the growth and development of the country and 
 improvements which have — 16.— accomplished modern civilization, here
 
 KKY TO THE SHOR rHAND PLATES. 143 
 
 and all ovei the world, that the — 17. — problem presented to us is entirely 
 different trom that — 18. — considered by the earlier contestants over these 
 questions. 
 
 BIBLE SELECTIONS, Page 107. 
 
 1. — Let the wicked forsake his way and the unrighteous man his 
 thoughts— 2. — and let him return to our Lord and he will have mercy 
 upon — 3. — him and to our God for He will abundantly pardon. But 
 seek — 4. — ye first the kingdom of God and His righteousness and all these 
 things shall be— 5. — added unto you. I say unto you that likewise joy 
 shall be— 6. — in heaven over one sinner that repenteth more than over 
 ninety — 7. — and nine just persons which need no repentance. 8. — For 
 we know that if our earthly house of this tabernacle be — 9 — dissolved 
 we have a building of God, a house not made — 10. — with hands, eternal 
 in the heavens. Thou shalt love the — 11. — Lord thy God with all thy 
 heart and with all thy soul— 12. — and with all thy mind and with all thy 
 strength. Go ye — 13. — therefore and make disciples of all nations, 
 baptising them — 14. — into the name of the Father and of the Son and of 
 the Holy Ghost — 15. — teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I 
 command — 16.— you, and lo, I am with you always even unto the end — 
 17. — of the world. Behold, I stand at the door and knock. 
 
 COURT TESTIMONY, Page 108. 
 
 J. C. Walker, a witness for the plaintiff, being duly sworn, testifies 
 as follows: 
 
 Direct Exaffiination by Hon. S. P. Tanner. 
 
 Q. What is your occupation or business? X. I am a real estate 
 dealer, hut at the present time I am engaged in the insurance business. 
 
 Q. Where do you reside ? A. At 496 Market street, this city. 
 
 Q. Do you know the plaintiff in this action ? A. Yes, sir, I do. 
 
 Q. How long have you known him? A. I have been acquainted 
 with him for more than twenty year 
 
 Q. Please state whether or not you have had any business relations 
 with him during these twenty years. A. No, sir, none to speak of.
 
 146 ■ NEW SIANDARD SHOKl HAND. 
 
 Q. Well, ^o on and state as near as you can the conversation that 
 took place between you and the defendant at the time oi your last 
 meeting. 
 
 Objected to as irrelevant, immaterial and having no bearing upon the 
 issues of the case. 
 
 Objection overruled; exception taken. 
 
 Cross Examination by Mr. k. T. Leonard. 
 
 You may examine this note (paper handed to witness) and state 
 whether or not this is your own signature signed at the bottom. A. 
 Yes, sir. 1 believe that is my own handwriting. 
 
 Q. Do you recollect having given that note to the defendant some 
 years ago ?
 
 DERIVATIVES OF CONTRACTIONS. 
 
 Keporliiig Contractions, piige 80. Text book. 
 
 thereabouts ' accord-cd accordingly accordance 
 
 advantages advantageous advantageously ad va nta geo usness 
 
 °7 °^ °Z.. °Z,o 
 
 advertised advertises advertising advertiser 
 
 advertisement appropriated appropriates appropriately 
 
 appropriating appropriateness appropriation inappropriate 
 
 after-noon after-thought accomplished accomplishes 
 
 accomplishing accoviplishment businesses capability 
 
 capabilities capableness incapable convenicncy 
 
 ^\ "^ ^\ ^ 
 
 inconveniently christians christianize unchristianly 
 
 circuvistances circuvistantial circumstantially circumstantiality 
 commons 
 
 commonness cotnmon-piace uncommonly 
 
 commonalty common-uealth commences 
 
 commencement defendants establish-ed 
 
 establishers 
 
 est a blish men t esta blish ing 
 
 familiarizing familiarly gloried 
 
 glorify glorification glorying 
 
 glorionsness inglorious hands
 
 DERIVATIVES OF CONTRACTION'S.— Co7iciuded. 
 
 /landed 
 
 hand-hill 
 handsome 
 
 ig7iorance 
 objective 
 
 > 
 
 proposes 
 
 handful handily 
 
 magnificently necessarily 
 
 objectionable 
 
 objection 
 
 proposition particularly 
 particularize particularization peculiarity periodically 
 
 representation representative^ revolutionary revolutionist 
 
 subjectively \ suggestion / suggestive^ sufficiency 
 
 scriptural signifying signij'ication superintendence 
 
 kingfisher 
 
 superintending whether or not kingly 
 
 OTHER DERIVATIVES 
 
 aniericanize faction-al facsimile judging 
 
 l^ u 
 
 procession publication 
 
 legislative possession 
 
 public-higlnvay public-house 
 
 •V 
 
 questionable riches 
 
 richness security 
 
 i — ^ <^ 
 
 strengthening 
 
 severalty 
 
 spiritless 
 
 Other derivatives of these coiitraetions will be I'ound in the Vocabulary.
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY 
 
 Los Angeles 
 
 This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. 
 
 jm 1 9 1S52 
 
 REC'D MLD 
 
 MAY6-1961 
 
 REC'D LD-URL 
 
 AUG 1 1 1988 
 
 Form L9-10m-3,'48(A7920)444 
 
 imry^ERSiTY ot California 
 
 AT 
 LOS ANGELES 
 
 X Tiin A DV
 
 .<^ 
 
 256 McKee - 
 
 "1905 standard short.y- 
 hand 4 
 
 3 1158 01285 7826 
 
 AA 001 168 623 5 
 
 Z56 
 
 M194ne 
 
 1903