NEMO ME IMPVNE LACESSIT V BM ■"^^ 8^H^ ■^^A Ay^ UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA ll j AT LOS ANGELES H -.'.^WVa '^fA^- I>^ •<«*^;!;^L.^.■; 5;::NAfAj> ^H^. -T-^. :^f^ -^;^-' v•M^^ ,, ^/^'' W>- '^ • '-v^ 5'JS\^A ^' ^^^^b^Ar! wwj'immim 'V^Nr^ >-^^^ -aK^TI/4/^ -,;^.> o'^ ^^A ^>:WaA, lv^-j W^^,-^^ :i-^W^ M SCOTTISH NATIONAL MEMORIALS A RECORD OF THE HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL COLLECTION IN THE BISHOFS CASTLE, GLASGOW. 1888 Edited by JAMES P A T O N with the assistance of Siu ARTHUR :\IITCHELL, K.C.B. JOSEPH ANDERSON, LL.D. Rev. JOSEPH STEVENSON, S.J. JOHN U. GRAY D. HAY FLEMING. J. DALRYMPLE DUNCAN DAVID MURRAY, LL.D. ALEX. J. S. BROOK J. O. MITCHELL. C. D. DONALD Professor JOHN FERGUSON, LL.D. AND OTHERS EDI N IM' U G II Printed at the University Press liy T. and A. CONSTABLE, Phimkhs to iikii Majesty iiud Publislii'd liy JAMES MACLEHOSK AM) SONS, GLASGOW Pulilisliers tu tlic rniversity MACMILLAN AND CO., LONDON LoNno.N .... SiMPKiN Ha.mii.to.v a.M) Co. Cambhipgk . Macmiij^n and Bowks Eni.vBiHcii I)oiGi-»s and Kori.is .MDCCCXC THE KEXNET CIBOIULM. SCOTTISH NATIONAL MEMORIALS GLASGOW Published by James MacLehose and Sons Publishers to the University 1890 EDINBURGH : T. and A. CONSTABLE, Printers to Her Majesty D E D I C A T E n \\\ SPECIAL 1' E 11 M I S S I O N TO HE 1{ MOST GRACIOUS MAJESTY QUE E N V I C T O R I A BY HER MAJESTY S DUTI- FUL AND DEVOTED SUBJECTS I JAMES MACLEHOSE AND SONS J AND THOMAS AND ARCHIBALD 2! CONSTABLE cn o tn Q 41C715 PREFACE H IS volume is the outgrowth of the interest excited by the Historical and Arclutological Collection which was brought together in the 'Bishop's Castle' — a reproduction of the ancient Castle of Glasgow, de- signed by the late IMr. James Sellars for the Glasgow International Exhibition of 1888. That collection of Scottish Natioiial JNIemorials was the largest and most important tliat had evei- been brought together, and it was felt to be worthy of a more permanent record than could be given bv anv official catalogue. It was therefore determined to pre})are a volume which should not only be an illustrated memorial but a national contribution to the History of Scottish Antiquities and a vivid picture of Scottish life. Of that determination the present volume is the fulfilment. The whole collection has been carefully examined by experts, who have contributed accounts of many relics which are intimately bound u]) \\\\\\ Scottish history. The more important contributions have been discussed and illustrated in detail, while whatever was deemed of trivial or merelv local and limited interest has been either omitted or passed over without connnent. Tlie story given with each object lent, and the story told by the object itself, iiave been duly weighed. In some cases it lias been found that the appearance of the objects is inconsistent with traditions which have been cherished regarding them, but it has been thought proper, when these traditions themselves were foimd to be of wide acceptance and venerable antiquity, to give some account of the stories wliicli attach to them. The article upon old Scottish Silvcrplate and its Hall-marks gives, it is believed, for the first time a full account of the condition of silversmiths' Avork in \arious ])arts of Scotland from many of which it has long dis- appeared. The paper upon Archery may also be specially mentioned on account of the fulness with which the medals of the Royal Company of Archers have been for the first time described and illustrated : while the very remarkable relic known as the Kennet Ciborium has been made the viii PREFACE subject of a tlu)rou<;;h liistorical and scientific investigation and lias been illustrated with all completeness. The portions of the work for which the several contrihutors are respon- sible are indicated in the Table of Contents. The oijinion and advice of these gentlemen were, however, freely comnunjicatcd on many otlier points ; and substantial contributions from several of them are scattered through- out the entire book. Thus notes by Mr. John M. Ciray [signed 'J. M. Ci.'] and Mr. Brook [signed ' A. .1. S. 15.'] will be found in many parts of the work. Thanks are due also to Mr. David Murray, LL.D., and Mr. .1. Dalrymple Duncan for several contributions which do not ap])ear in the sections specially connected with their names. In a work containing so nuich and such varied information, it is impossible to enumerate the names of all who have affV)rded assistance : but in addition to those whose names are on the title-page, particular mention must be made of Mr. Walter ("lark, of the Edinburgh Museum of Science and Art. for his contributions relating to Edinburgh ; of Mr. A. H. Constable for his exhaustive description of the Kemiet Ciborium ; of Mr. Murray Lyon for his paper on the Koman Lodge, and of Dr. .Iose])h Anderson, of the Society of Antiquaries, for the invaluable assistance that he has rendered throughout the ))rogress of the work, and foi- the untiring courtesy with whicii he has placed the resources of the Library of the Society and of the Museum of National Antiquities at the disposal of the Editor and his fellow-workers. The Publishers also desire to acknowledge the kindness of those who have permitted the use of existing engravings for the purpose of reproduction in this volume. These are acknowledged in detail in the List of Illustrations. One word as to the arrangement in the \'olume. 'i'he material has been divided into groups, but it has not been possible to preserve the integrity of each group, owing to the interlacing of subjects. A piece of antique silver or of furniture mav be found under the headin<>- of Hurjrhal lielics. and not under that of Scottish Plate or Scottish T^ife. A portrait or a medal mav have been dealt with as a historic or personal relic rather than as a work of art. A reference to the Index will, however, remove any inconvenience of search owing to such apparent incongruities. Glasgow, .•//>/// 1.5, 18flO. TABLE OF CONTEXTS DEDICATION, . PREFACE, .... LIST OF FULL-PAGE PLATES, ILLUSTRATIONS IN" THE TEXT, I'AGE V vii xii xiv SCOTTISH ARCHAEOLOGY— Silt Ahihuu Mm iiii.i., K.C.B., etc., and Jo.seph AxDERSo.v, LL.D. : — PREHISTORIC REMAINS^ Stone Implements, Bronze Implements and Orn.\ments, Sepulchral Urns, ' Cup-Markings,' Canoes, .... ROMAN REMAINS, .... EARLY CHRISTIAN REMAINS, . MEDIiEVAL REMAINS. 3 « 10 12 1 + 17 19 '21- HISTORICAL AND PERSONAL RELICS :— EARLY SCOTTISH— The Editor, ...... MEMORIALS OF MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS-Rev. Joseph Stevenson, S.J. , Portraits of Queen Mary and of Others connected with heu Period AND History — John M. Gray, F.S.A. Scot., . . . . Engraved Portraits of John Kno.x — John M. Gray, F.S.A. Scot., SCOTLAND AFTER THE UNION OF THE CROWNS— D. H vv Fleming, F.S.A. Scot. : — The Covenant and Royalists, Thf, Glasgow Assembly of Ki.'JS, The Great Montrose, .Iames Guthrie, Battle of Drumclog, 31 W 77 vS5 87 91 97 101 105 CONTEXTS BxTTI.E OF BOTHWELL BrIDOE, Covenanters' Flags, . Captain Paton, Argyll's Rising, Alexander Peden, . James Renwick, Claverhol'se, The Revolution, The Massacre of Glencoe. . Rob Roy, THE JACOBITE PERIOD— J. Dai.uvmi'le Dlncan, F.S.A. Lond. and Scot. MEDALS RELATING TO THE ROYAL HOUSE OF STEWART. MINIATURES, ....... SEALS, ........ TASSIE MEDALLION'S. . . ... PAGE 10() 107 110 111 l^i 115 117 121 122 124 127 1 .■> ") 1(>0 163 l6(i SCOTTISH LITERATURE :— BIBLES— David Murray, LL.D., F.S.A. Scot., PSALM BOOKS— Dami) Murray. LL.D., . PRAYER-BOOKS— Dami) Murray. LL.D., THE GLASGOW PRESS- David Mi rhay, LL.D.. ROBERT BURNS— The Editor. SIR WALTER SCOTT— The Editor, -MISCELLANEOUS. . . . . . 171 174 175 176 184 1<)0 lf)2 BURGHAL MEMORIALS:— ABERDEEN— The Editor, ........ 197 DUMFRIES AND KIRKCUDBRIGHT— The Editor, .... 201 DUNDEE— The Editor, ........ 204 EDINBURGH— The Editor, ....... 207 GLASGOW — John Oswald Mit< hell, F.S.A. Scot. ; Coi.in Dum.oi- Donald, F.S..A. Scot.; and J. Dalhympi.e Duncan, F.S.A. Lond. and Scot.,. . 211 IRVINE— The Editor, ........ 240 LINLITHGOW— The Editor, ....... 241 PERTH— The Editor, ........ 24.S CONTEXTS XI ST. ANDREWS— The Editor, ...... STIRLING— The Editor, ....... SCOTS MASONIC RELICS— J. Dalkvmple Duncan, F.S.A. Lond. and Scot. .\ND D. M^.•RRA^■ Lvox, Conn. Mem. S.A. Scot., NOTE ON BEGGARS' BADGE.S— Ale.\. J. S. Brook, F.S.A. Scot., . PACE 246 248 251 SCOTTISH LIFE:— .MILITARY— The Editor, .... Weapons, ..... Highland Pistols, . INDUSTRIAL— The Editor :— Origin of Steam Navigation, Spinning, ..... DOMESTIC :— Furnitlre — The Editor, . Fire and Lighting — The Editor. . Dress — The Editor, Jewellery — Ale.x. J. S. Brook, F.S.A. Scot., Highland Brooches — Ale.\. J. S. Brook,. Gold in Scotland — Ale.x. J. S. Brook, . Scottish Plate — .\lex. J. S. Brook. Archery — Alex. J. S. Brook, Golf — The Editor, TORTURE AND PUNISHMENT— Professor John Ferguson, LL.D. CHAR.MS AND AMULETS— The Editor, COMMUNION TOKENS— Ale.x. J. S. Brook, . 259 263 266 270 276 279 28,3 284 287 288 292 294 .308 324 .■528 .337 340 *** i'^iyin'C" iiilliiii parent lienes ir/er to the oriyitml iiuiiibcrx hi the UJfiriul C'alii/ogiic, ' Till' Honk nf the Blxliop'x Caatle. ' [.1ST OF IILLPACtE IMATKS THE KENNET ('IlU)KirM. ...... Frontiymrc From a drairiiig hi/ Hector Cliatmcrs. 1. THK UOLCiLAS CLKl'llANE Hl)l{N, y»/mr /«/-.■ iifi II. THK KKNNET CIBORIUM— DET.ML.S or Ml'.DAI.I.IONS I i., (i. Ki III. do. do. 7 TO I 'J, l-S From drawings hi/ Hector C/ia liners. \\. TAI'KSTRY KNOWN AS QUKKN MARYS SCRKKN, f)2 V. I'lECE or THISTLE E.MBROIDKiiKl) H.WdlNCiS SIT'I'OSKI ) TO HAVE BEEN WORKED BY (^ KKN MAR^ A I FOTHERINGHAY. . ., (il VI. RRAYKU- BOOK S.Ml) TO HAVE BEEN LSEI) BY QL EEN MAHY ON THK SCAFFOl.l), ...... fi(i MI BII5KE WHICH BELONGED I'O .lA.MKS BK.VrON, .\H(I1- BISHOP OF GLASGOW, ir,r,i>, ....... (i(i Mil. LKITKR FROM QUEEN MARY AND HENRY DARNLKY TO THE LAIRD OK ROWALLAN, ...... 72 I\ (HI'l'.N .MARY: rill, BLAIRS COLL GE PORTRAIT, . ..78 X. PORTRAIT OK HENRY LORD DARNLEY AND HIS BROTHER CHARLES, ....... «0 XI. (^LEEN .MARY AND HER HUSBAND LORD DARNLEY, „ 82 XII. THRISSELS BANNER, ........ 94 Xlil. THE SOLEMN LEAGUE AND COVENANT AS RENEWED IN 1648, TITLE-PAGE AND FLY-LEAF, ..96 XIV. PORTRAIT OF 'IHK MARQUIS OF MONTROSE, • . . „ <)8 XV. TWO PAGES OF ALEXANDER PEDEN'S POCKET BIBLE, „ 112 FULL-PAGE PLATES xiii XVI. PORTRAIT OF JOHX GRAHAM OF CLAVERHOUSE, VISCOUNT DUNDEE, ..... To Jace page lid XVII. MAJOR DUNCANSON'S ORDER TO GLENLVON TO CARRY OUT THE MASSACRE OF GLENCOE, . . .,124 XVIII. PORTRAIT OF PRINCE CHARLES EDWARD. .132 XIX. ENGRAVED PLATE FOR PAPER MONEY FOR PRINCE CHARLES EDWARD, ....... \3H XX. PORTRAIT OF HENRY BENEDICT STEWART (CARDINAL YORK) „ 144 XXI. MEDALS RELATING TO THE ROYAL HOUSE OF STEWART. .. I5fi XXII. SEALS OF THE BISHOPS AND SEE OF GLASGOW, . . ., l64 XXIII. PASTE MEDALLION PORTRAITS BY JAMES TASSIE, . . ., ififi XXIV. CHAINED BIBLE BELONGING TO THE CATHEDRAL OF GLASGOW, .,174 XXV. HEBR.E^. LINGUiE (SCOTTISH BINDING circa 1716), . „ 180 XXVI. MANUSCRIPT BOOK OF RECEIPTS OF THE COUNTESS OF WEMYSS— f»c« Ki.'JO, ....... 192 XXVIL THE OLD PARLIAMENT CLOSE, EDINBURGH, AT THE END OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY, . . . „ 206 Afler file engraving hi/ J. Lrcoiile. XX\III. RUINS OF THE ARCHBISHOP'S CASTLE, GLASGOW, . . „ 216" After a rare print. XXIX. GLASGOW BURGESS TICKET IN FAVOUR OF THOMAS HUTCHESON OF LAMBHILL, ....... 220 XXX. ONE-POUND NOTES OF THE SHIP BANK, GLASGOW, ,, 224 *^* Tlie < 'allot ;ipe.s are hy Metixrx. Murliire \ iliwdoiidlil, the Heliogravures by Messrs. Walker \ Bnutall. and Messrs. Annan S^ Co., and the Lithographs hi/ Messrs. M' Lagan Sf Camming. ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT Wlirre not otherwise indicaleil, tin' nit/ravings have Iwen made er/irrxx/i/Zor this work J'niin the original ohjerlx. SCOTTISH xVUC'H.EOLOGY STONE IMPLEMENTS PIC. 1. Speab-IIead. Drawn by D. Kniter, ensfraved liv W. Watson, 2. Adze. do. do. 3. Axf>IlK.\i). do. do. 4. Ha.m.mek. do. do. 5. Stone Lmplemext. do. do. (i. Ha.umer of coarse Dolerite. do. do. I-ACB .1 .•5 4 6 G 7 HHONZE IMPLEMENTS .\Nn ORNAMENTS 7. Axe. Lent liy the .\yr>iliire and (ialloway .Vrclia-olofrical Association, tliiiiiii:li Mr. David Doughus, 8. Axe. ^imaller. do. do. 9. Ring or Ahjilet. <1o. do. 10. Sword. Drawn by 1). Frater, enarra\ed liy W. Watson, ...... 11. MoiM) Kon ]{ko.n/.e on Brass I.mi"u;.me.\ts. l-"i-oni Wilson's Prehistorir Aiiiiii/.t a/' .•^cof/diif/. 9 10 10 SEPULCHRAL URNS AND 'CUP-MARKINGS' 12. Vny FROM rni; ' Lady's Grave,' Isle op Cumbh.^e. l-)ra»n by D. Frater, enjrraved by W. \\'at-on, I I 13. L'rx from the large Cairn, Isle of Ci-jibrae. do. do. 1 1 14rt, 14i, 14<-. Three Urns foi.nd near the laroe ti .mi i.i s. Isle of (ijikrak. Drawn by D. Frater, engraved by W. Watson,. . 11, 12 1.5. Flint Knife (calclved) FoiND wrrH the THREE I RNs, , ...... 42. .Silver-gilt Salt-Cellar, ...... 43. 44. Silveh-gilt Ci p, ...... 31 32 33 34 36 36 37 38 38 .MEMORIALS OF MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS 4-). Qlee.x -Mary's Cabinet, ........ 46. Hearne's Print of 'The Desce.nt into Hell.' .Vfter tlie eni;ravinj,'- in lleariie's edition of the ficotichroiuroii, ........ 47. Kennet Cibouil.>i. Medallio-v of ' Christ in (Ji.orv,' i.nside of Lii>. Kngraved by \\ . \\'at.son from a drawing by Hector Chalmers, ...... 48. Ken.vet Ciborum. Medallion of the ' -Vgnls Dei,' on iiottoii of Bowl. Kiiiiraved by W M'atson, from a drawiiif^ liy Hector Chalmers, ..... 49. .Mark of Alpais, eiianieller of Limoges, .\fter the facsimile in (iraesse's Uitide de /'Amateur etc. ........... ■)0. ' Tub Ascension,' Khenish-Germaii enamel. .Vfter a jdiotogiaiih publislied by 1". H. Biideker Jakobistrasse Nr. 11-5, Hildesheim, ...... •51. Rock Crystal Jlg, ......... •52. Details OP Gbotesqie Ornament, ' Ql'Ee.n .Mary's Cip.' Lent by tlie Society of .Vntii| Scotland, .......... ■53. ' QiTEE.v Mary's Cl p.' Lent by tiie Society of .Vntii|uaries of Scotland, . 54. Cup of Nure.«behg Manufacture. do. 55. Cup with London Hali^mark, l(il9-ll. do. 56. Cup with London Hall-mark, 1(511-12. do. 57,58. Queen Mary's 'Death's-head' Watch, ..... 59, CO. Gold \V^^TtH by Hubert of Rouen, and Key, ..... ()1. (joLD Solitaire, ......... 62,(5.3. 'Queen Mary's Bethotiiai. Cip,' ...... 64. Inlaid Chest ob Coffer, ........ 65. Cuff of Lord Dabnley's Giaive, ....... 6(5. Gold Enamelled Crucifix, .....••■ (57. Cradle of James the Sixth of Scotl.4ND, and First op Engi.ani), 68. Small Oak Chair made fou James the Sixth of Scoti.and, when a Child, 69. Bronze Cannon, ....■•••• 44 .■)() m, 53 .54 55 55 oG 56 56 58 .59 .59 61 62 63 64 64 (55 66 XVI ILLUSTliATIOXS IN THE TEXT 70. The ' Dakkij. ' GiisisTA.M;E. Facsiiiiilo, 70. Part of Li-rrTEn, Qikex Mary to Hkxhv hi. ok Fiia.vi-e, huitten tiik mi;iit iikkhiii: iikii E.xEti Tio.v. I'iiosiinile. .......... rA(;ii UU (>!) 71) 70 74 PORTR.MTS OF QUKKN MARY AND OF OTHERS CONNECTED W PERIOD AND HISTORY 77. MaKV !StK«AHT AS (jl KKN OK FHAN( K. .'Vftcr ;i llU'.NEi, Doi (ii.As TO si'PPHESS THE CovKNANTEHs. Facsimile, 82. Captai.n Patox's Broadsword, ....... 83. JoHX Bhohn ok Priesthiu.'s .S«(ihi), ...... 84. Partisax or Halhert ised in C'ovenantini; Ti.mks, .... 85. Sword SAin TO HAVE BEEN USED by ('l..\vi;ilHOl'SK AT K1U.IECRAXKIE, 80. .\XDREA FeHRARA ShoRD Willi H RKI.0X(;KI) to C'l..\VERHOl se, 87. Page fro.m a c()xte.mpoiiahv MS. \-oi,i .me of CtivENANTiNc; UocIiMexts. Facsimile, 88. King William's approbation" of the Earl of Breadalbane's conduct. Facsimile, 89. Letter kho.m Rob Roy to the Earl ok Hiikaiiat.bani;. Facsimile, 92 109 110 111 114 118 118 120 122 125 THE JACOBITE PERIOD 90. Portrait OF Jajues Fraxcis Edward Stewart (Ja.mes VIII. and III.), 91. Portrait of Princess Cle.>ientina Maria Sobieski, wife of .Tami-s Francis Edward Stkwahi 92. Ring with Miniature of Princf, Charles Edward, ..... 93. Miniature of Prince Charles Edward, by Sir Robert Strange, 94. Glass with engraved Portrait of Prince {'iiahi.es Kdwahd, .... 95. 90. Prince Charles Edward's Pocket Pistols, ...... 97, 98. Pistols said to have belonged to Prince Charles Edward, .... 99. Skian Dubh worn by Prince Charles Edward, ...... 100. Target bor.xe by Phi.vce Charlis Edward at Cullode.x, .... 101, 102. Flint-lock double-barrelled Pistols used by Prince Charle.s Kiiw.viin at t ulloden, 103, 104. Pistols given after ('uli.oden by Prince Charles Edward to Jajies Edgar, 105. Prince (iiARLVs Edward's Sporran, ....... 106. Silver Drinki.ng-Cup used by Prince ( iiahles Kdwahip, ..... 107. Silver Cup used by Prince Charles Kdwahii, ...... 108. Angus Macdonald's Snuff-box, ........ 109. Prince Charles Edward's Watch, ....... 110. Autograph Letter kro.m Pri.xce Charles Edward to Cli.ny Macpherson testifvini; ki in good services to the cause. Facsimile, ....... 111. Letter from Prince Charles Edwahu to ( linv .Mac imikh-on ai'I'iusinc; him ok his safety ani embarkatio.v on board ' L'Heureux.' Facsimile, ..... 112. Sword WORN BY Colonel Gardiner AT THE battle OK Prkxioxpaxs, 113. Sword worn by the Duke of Perth at Culloden, ..... 114. Cluny Macpherson's Dirk, ........ 115. The Earl of Kilmarnock's Gloves, ....... 127 128 130 131 133 134 134 135 135 130 130 130 139 mi) 140 140 141 143 145 145 145 140 ILLUSTRATIONS IX THE TEXT XVll 116. Secret Despatches bei^tixg id the movejiexts of I'hixce CiiAiit.Es' 'I'ncpnp- 117. A PAGE FHOM ONE OF AxDHEH' Limisden's LETTEii-BooKs. Facsimile, 118. Paste Medaixiox pohthait of A.xukew Llmisdex bv Tassie, Hi). Jacobite Dhixkixg-gi.^vss, ...... 119*. Pohthait OF (audmva Or.iPiiAXT, Lady Xaihxe, I'M. Pohthait of Ki.oha Macdoxami ix the dhrss ok a siiephehi)k>«-, . Facsimile, I' ACE 147 14!) 1.50 1.50 1.52 1.53 MEDALS, MINIATURES, SEALS 121, 122. Battle of 8iiehiff.iii ih oh I)i nhi.ani: .Medai., 123, 12-t. Battle OF Cn.uiDEX Medal, . 12.5. Pohthait of Ja.iie«, Kaiil, axd fihst I)i kk, of Pehth, 1.59 1.5a 163 SCOTTISH LITERATURE EARLY PRINTING 126. Title-page OF THE New Testamext, Bassaxdyxe Bible. Facsimile, .... 172 127. Title-page of Ti-ve Christian Loir, 1034, the earliest Book with a (iLAsooiv i-\iphint. Facsimile. 176 128. Title-page of ZACHAniE Bovn's Catechism. Facsimile, ...... 17!) 12i). Title-page of THE first Hebrew BOOK PHiXTED IX Gl-vsgow. Fac.-imile, . . . 180 BURNS 130. Title-page of the fihst editiox of Burxs's Poems. Facsimile, 131. Paxe of Gl.\ss FRO.M Friar's Cause Heh.mitage, with lixes writtex by Bihxs, 132. ' The Whistle," ......... 13.3. P.vRT OF THE IMS. OF THE PoE.M ' The A\'iiisTi,E. ' Facsimile, 185 187 188 18!t SCOTT 134. .\iTOGRAPH Letter of Sir ^\'ALTER Scon hei.atixg to Old Morla/ifi/. Facsimile, 135. Dedication of Warerle;/. Facsimile, ...... 1.36. ' Old Mortality's ' Mallet, ....... 1!)0 191 192 TANNAHILL 137. MS. OF ' .(essie the Flow'h o' Ulmbi.axe. ' Facsimile, 194 BURGH AL MEMORIALS ABERDEEN 138. Ancient Bcrgh Sjul of Aberdeen made in H40, 139. Counter Seal of the above, ..... 140. Seai^ of the Burgh of Aberdee.n in use prior to 1440, . 141. Secret Seal of the Burgh of .\BEHnEEN, Fifteenth Century, 142. The Marshall .Staff of Scotland, .... 143. Silver-gilt Chalice. Lent by the Society of -Vutiquaries of Scotland, 144. Alexander Idle's Chair. From Bain's (IniMx iif Aberdeen, 14.5. .\ndre\v Watson's Chair. ilo. 197 1!)7 198 198 li)9 199 2(Kt 201 DUMFRIES AND KIRKCUDBRIGHT 146. .\ Bluegown's Badge, 147. The Kirkcudbright ' Sii.leh (n.x. 202 204 xviii ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE TEXT DINDI'.K KU>. I'AGB 1-48. Anx'IKXt Skai, OF iiiK Hi iiiiii OK l)i .m>i:k. At'ter tlio draw iiiir in WHy'i- J )ii>iflei- Cliurlen, . 205 US). TlIK ColMII. I'llll.KV-1'l.; OK DiMiKi:. rlo. ilo. . 20(i KDINHUIKJH |.")ii. N'khtii .VI, C'i,o( K ii\ IliMi']iii\ .\lii.r.-. KiiiMiinMi, ...... 20U (;l.\s(;()\v l.jl. Tin: ' 1)i:ai> ' Hi:i.i. or (u„VMio\v. I.t'iit lij .Mesvis. ISlackie and Son, (iliisjfow , . . . 'l\i l.">2. (>i..vs<;oH Bi nciF.ss Tkkkt i\ KAvoi ic OK C.viMAiN l'.\»hi;ii, K. N. racsiiiiili', :.'1.S l">;5. C'oji.MON .Skai, ok TiiK C'li V (IF tir-Asiiow, ]71i!i-l!i(>ii. Lent by AJessrs. lilackie and Sou, (ila.sj;o« . L'14 \'A. Common Seal of tiik Citv of Ulasuow now in i sk. do. do., 'IM 1.55. IIolK-CiLASS FHO.M (U.ASGOW { 'aTIIKIIIIAI,, ........ 211i 1.5C. .'Vncik.nt .Mack of the l'.Nivi:i9. (jEoiKiF III tchksox's Kisr. do. do., 22.S lliO. Treaso.nablk AnniiE-ss POSTED UP I.N (.»UiVS(;ou, 1st .Vimiii, Ilt2l>. I'ai-siiiiile, . 224 Kil. Swoiin OF Jame.s Wilson, the Hadical, ........ 22.'> 102. The Di nlop C'AniNKr, .......... 22() Ui'S. PoKTiiAiT OF Davik Dai.e. .Vftei' the pa.ste medallion l>y 'lassio, .... 228 1()4. Portrait of Robert Owe.v of New Lanark. After tlie medallion in wa.\, . . . 2.30 165. Silver Clib of the Gr.Asoow Golf C'lib. Lent by the KefriiHty Club, ..... 23] !()(). \ A'iew of the TitoNiiATE OF G1.A.SOOW FROM THE Kast AUDIT 177". M'teY an eiifrraviiiif lent by Mr. Coliu Dunlop Uonald, ......... 2:34 11)7. The Prospect of the Town of Glasgow, fiiom iiik Soi th, Kill.'i. .VCter tlie eiiy^i-avin;; by Slezer. From a plate lent by .Mr. John Tweed, ....■■. 2;i5 l<;8. The Catheiiiial OF Glasgow, FROM THE SoiTii, in U&'k .Vt'lcr tiic diawint; liy Kno.\, . . 2.% 1()!). The Bhoo.viei..\w in 1807. I'roiii a sepia dniwinir lent by Mr. .lames Hanlay .Miivdoeli, . 2.'37 IRVINE 170. Halbert iSEn by THE Town ()ffii,eh.s OF Irvine, ...... 240 PERTH 171. .Morris Dancer's DitEvi, .......... 24.3 172. ' .'^T. Bartholo-mew's Tawse,' ......... 244 17.3. 'San(T Ki.oyis Ofkehani) Stok,' or Collkition Box. Lent by the Society of .\nti(|uaries of Scotlaud, ........... 245 stirlim; 174. John Cohane's Chest. From Aiicinit iiiirl ilodi'ni Fiiniitiin-, l)y .loliii W. Small, F.S..V., 24!) 175. Mary of Giise, Medallion kor.mkrly in Stirling Castle. From Tlit' Book of Old EdinburyJi, 250 MASONIC RELICS 17(1. Folio 31 of the Minlte-Book or the Roman Lodge of Freemasons, 173.')-.37. Facsimile, 2.5.3 SCOTTISH LIFE MILITARY 177. Rob Roy's Sword, .......... 260 178. Clavekhouse's Sword, .......... 260 17U. Prince Charles Edward's Sword, ........ 260 ILLUSTRATIONS IX THE TEXT XIX 180. Colonel Gardiner's (Phestonpans) Swohp, 181. Campbell of Glexlvon's Sword, . 182. Macdonald of KEPPOcir's Sword, 183. Ancient Claymore, 184. Cross-bow of the Time of James vi. , 185. The Glenlyon Staff, 180. Pistol by Mirdoch of Doixk, 187. Flint-lock Pistol by M'Kexzik of 1)l ndke. 188. PowDEB-HonN, dated 1686, Lent lpy .Mr. A. C . Laiiib, PACE 2(J0 260 2C0 261 204 265 267 268 269 INDUSTRIAL 189. The ' Charlotte Dindas,' 1801-2. From Rankiue's ilunuut of the Slcani-Kngine, 190. Portrait of Patrick Miller of Dalswinton, .... 191. The ' Comet,' 1811-12. From l{a.n\i'me's Muuku/ of the Steam-E7)gine, . 192. Ohigi.val Model of the Rev. Pathh k Bell's Reaper, . 193. Hand-reel made in 1718, ...... 194. ' Rock ' for twisting Lint, ...... 195. Hand-Card for Short M^ool, ...... 190. Carding Cosib for Long Wodi., ...... 273 274 275 278 278 279 279 DOMESTIC 197. Carved Oak Arm-chair with the Hoiston Arms, . . . . 198. Mantle of the Order of the Thisti.i;, ...... 199. M.^RiE of Lorraine Shoe. From the A|>iieii(lix to (ireig's O/U-Jiishioncd Shoes, 281 284 285 JKWELLERY AXD SUAERPLATK 200. Celtic Brooch, .Sii.viji \mth (ioi.D OitVAjrENTATioN. Lent liy tlie Society of .Vnti(|iiaiie! of Scotland, ......... 201. Celtic Brooiii, e.ntirely of Silver. Lent l)y tlie Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 202. SlLVER-MOlNTED M'oODEN ChaLICK OR .\Lv/.EH. dll. do. 203. George Hbriot's 'Loving Cup.' From an illustration in Grant's 0/d iniit Xiu- lUtiiilun 204. Silver peg Tankard or Ta.ssie, .... 205. James Stirling's Silver Kettle and Stand, 20(;. Colonel George Brown's Sil\eb Pincu-bowi., . 207. Captai.v Crawfurd's Salver, .... 208. Lid of a Seal Bo.\ for Glasgow L'nivehsity 1)iplo.m.\. 209. Silver Tea-Caddy WITH Glasgow Hai.i.-mahk, 210. Silver Qi aich, m.\de in .\vh. .... 291 291 297 298 299 299 300 303 305 306 307 AR( HERY 211-214. Eari.v .Medals attached to the .MrssEUirRoii Arrow, ..... 310 215. Medal dated 1702 attached to the Misselbirgii Arrow, ..... ."illl 216-228. MedaI£, dating from 1()19 to 1733, with the device of an .\ri her, attai iied m the Musselburgh Arrow, . . . . . . .311 229, 230. Medal won by Robert Dobie of Stonyhiij. in 1049, Mus>iELBUHGii .\rrow, . .312 231. Medal won by Lielt.-Colonel .John Cunynghame in 1749, do. 312 232. Medal OF 1633, MussELMi iK.ii .\i(UoH. ........ 313 233. Medal, dated 1073, dci, ..,,.... 313 XX ILLUSTRATIONS L\ THE TEXT 234. Medal ok 1G80, Missei.bi K<;ii Aimow, 235. Medal of 1702, do. 23G. AFkdalok lfi2(>, do. 237, 2.'t8. Medai, ok 1709, Edinhiiigii .Viinow, 239. Medal OP 1711 (revehse) do. 240, 241. Medal OF 1714, do. 242-247. Medals khom the Selkihk Ahkow, . 248, 249. Oldf,st Medal Fno>r the Peehlrs Ahiiow, dated 10 250, 251. Medal fuo.ii the PEEULty; Aiiiiow, won in 1GC4 by SADLER to the Ki.NC,' .... 252. .Medal of 17112 from the PEEin.ts .Vmiow, 253. Medal of 1803 fiklm the PEEiiuy .\hkoh , 254. Medal of 180(i FROM the Peebijs .\iin(i\\. 255. Kilwinning .\ii( hers' .Vrrow, Robert Chili PAGE 314 314 314 315 310 317 319 .lio 'himpetteii A.NJ) , 320 321 321 321 323 250. Old .St. .\ndrehs Golf-( i.riis. (iOLF 326 CYCLING 257. The fihst Bicycle, 327 TORTURE AND PUNISHMFA'T 258. The Headsman's Axy. of St. Andrews, 259. Buvde of the Aiierdeen .Maiden, 2G0, 2G1. Fetters for i onde.mned felons, Dindee, 202. Single Anklet from Di ndee, .... 203. JouGS from Aim'legirth. I'rom Wilson's I'reliixtorir Anmiln, 264. JoUGS FRO.M Ul NDEE, ..... 205. JoiGs FROM Stirling, ..... 2G0. PiRLIEWINKI.lOS, ...... 267. THr.MBKiNS OR Thl.iirscrews. I'ldiii Wilson's rn-liislanc Aiinnlx, 208. Tm-.MBKINS OR Till .AIRSCREWS, ..... 209. IJranks foind in Moray Hoise. From Wilson's I'n'lii.iloric Aii>iii/.\- 270. Bbanks with Chin Sirai" <>ii IJiiiih.k and Pointed (iAi;. do. 271. Crieff Stocks, ....... 272. Hangman's ' Caii" ' Kiio.M Stirling, .... 329 329 330 330 331 331 332 333 334 334 335 335 336 336 CHARMS AND AMULETS 273. The Glenorchy Chakm-stone of Breadalbane, . 274. The Abdvorlich Charm. From Wilson's PrMxtork Annuls, 275. The Pl.\gi e Spoon, .... 337 338 339 COMMUNION TOKENS 270-287. Specimens op Tokens from variois parts of Skui.am). Lent liy the Society of .\ntii|uinies of Scotland, 341,342 SCOTTISH ARCHEOLOGY SIR ARTHUR MITCHELL, K.C.13., M.D., LL.D., F.R.S.E., /f.R.S.A., F.P.S.A. Scot. ANT) JOSEPH ANDERSON, LL.U., Keeper of tlie National Museum of Aiiti([uities, Edinburgli. PREHISTORIC REMAINS N tlie ArdiiEological Collection formed in connection with the Glasgow Exhibition, the space devoted to the prehistoric and early remains of the country was very restricted. It (lid not enter into the scheme of the promoters, even liad there been time available, to form a full or exhaustive series of prehistoric objects, which would have appealed to only a limited number of visitors to a popular exhibition. At tiie same time, it wa.s thougiit desirable that types at least of the implements, weapons, and other remains of prehistoric periods, should be included in the collection, so as to com- plete, so far as practicable, the chain of human life and experience in Scotland. Such a collection onl\- as would illustrate the successive epochs of prehistoric times was aimed at, and the objects shown have been brought together, not because they are rare and unusual, but because tliey are comparatively common and t_y]iical. The prehistoric collection in short was formed, not for the archaeological specialist, but only to complete the record for the general observer. The conseciuence is that in this section there was little shown which claims special notice as throwing new light on the life and habits of the early dwellers in these regions. Those objects only which were found in the western ilistricts of Scotland are noticed and described in what follows. STONE IMPLEMENTS SPEAR-HEAD of Flint, large, imperfect at the point, from -which about an inch has been broken off. It is now if inches long, and its greatest breadth is 2j inches, this spear-head resembles an isosceles and an equilateral triangle placed on opposite sides of the same base. Both faces are finely polished. The type is common to Ireland, though smaller unpolished specimens have been obtained in Scotland. Found in the last century in ploughing a field on Lochgoin Farm, parish of Fenwick, Ayrshire. (See Fig. 1.) (19) Lent bj' JOHN HOWIE. and a half In shape ADZE of chipped Flint, 5| inches in length by 2| inches across the cutting edge, narrowing to 1 1 inches at the other; the greater part of both faces polished ; much fractured. In form this adze is almost Hat on the under side, and ridged on the back, which is ground down from the ridge to a rounded cutting edge. This type of implement is rare in Scotland, there being only other two in flint known. These are : The very fine one found at Fernie Brae, Slains, Aberdeenshire, and now in the National Museum of Antiquities (figured in Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot., vol. x. j). .ijl!). and in Scollaiid in Pagan Times, second FIU. I.— SPEAK-HEAD. SCALE i. FIG. 2. — ADZE OF CHiriED FLINT. iSCALE J. SCOTTISH ARCHAEOLOGY series, p. 33~), iiml tlic other in the Museum of Science and Art, Edinburgh. The National Museum of Antiquities also possesses an adze of the same form in greenstone, found at Little Barras, Drumlithie, Kincardineshire. Tliis specimen was found about 18()() at Lochgoin, in the same place as the spear-liead. No. If). (See Fig. 2.) (i8) Lent by -lonN iio« ie. FLINT AUHOW-HRAD, hollow-based, obtained iluring the formation of the Ardrossan branch of the C.ilfdoni.-ni liailwav at Hovdston. Flo. 3.— LONG AXR-HKAI) FOUND AT GLASGOW. SCALE }. It is of a light greyish coldiir, 1 J inches long by 1^'j inches across the widest part; point broken off; resembles the common Irish hollow-based type. (26) Lent by j. ma( naigiit cAMi'iiKi.r.. AXE-HE.\D, found in ISi.S at the corner of Sauchiehall and Buchanan Streets, Glasgow. It is formed of Dolerite, polished, and has the faces slightly bevelled towards the flat sides. Length, lOj inches; greatest thick- ness, 1 '^ inches ; breadth at cutting edge .Si inches. (See Fig. 3.) (5) From KKI.VlNfiliOVR MUSEUM. FLINT AHKOW-HEAD, from Queen's Dock, Glasgow. It is of whitish-grey flint, l2 inches long by l^^j^ inches across full extent of barbs ; tang rounded ; one barb longer than the other, but both perfect ; the edge very slightly serrated, due to fine chip- ping from each face ; ]>oint sharp. Found in the sand when the dock was being excavated in 1875. (25) Lent by J. MAcxAronT Campbell. AXE-HEAD, of Diorite, ."4 inches in length by 2j\y inches across the cutting edge ; polished on both faces ; sides flat ; slightly imperfect at the butt-end. Found in the Clyde at Hutherglen Bridge. (8) Lent by .1. mac nalioht fAMPUELL. AXIi-HEAD, of Felstone, 2|^ inches in length by 2j inches across the cutting edge; polished on both faces ; sides rounded ; flattish in section ; with two small chips ofl' one face. Found at Kingston Dock. (Jlasgow. (10I Lent by j. macnaigmt campbei.l. rREHISTORIC REMAINS AXE-HEAD, of Diorite, .3j inches in lenjrth by 2 inches across the cutting edge; polished on both faces ; sides rounded ; and having a small chip out of the cutting edge. Found at Shields Road Station, Glasgow. (9) Lent by j. macnaught campbell. AXE-HEAD, of Claystone, 3l inches in length by 1; inches across the cutting edge; polished on both faces; sides flat; cutting edge re-ground; with a small chip off one face, and a recent chi]) off the butt. Found in railway cutting near Ardrossan, Ayrshire. (11) Lent by .1. macnaioiit campbeli.. AXE-HEADS found in the parish of Lesmahagow, Lanarkshire, viz. : — (n) Axe, of Greenstone, 6| inches in length by 2f inches across the cutting edge ; sides rounded and almost circular in section. The surfaces scaled, but showing traces of polishing at the cutting edge, which is blunted. Found on Bonland Hill. (/)) Axe, of Porphyry, 3^^ inches in length by 2^ inches across the cutting edge; polished on both faces; flattish in section; sides rounded; and butt slightly imperfect. Found near DrafFan. (c) Axe, of weathered Granite, .'>}; inches in length by 2j inches across the cutting edge, which is slightly oblique, unpolished, sides rounded. (d) Axe, of fine greenish Claystone, cutting end only, 2|j inches across the cutting edge, which is well rounded and sharp ; faces finely polished. A large piece is broken off one face, and about 2 inches of the butt-end are wanting. (37) Lent by J. u. dai.zei.i.. AXE-HEAD, of fine-grained Dolerite, found at Mollandhu, Cardross, Dumbartonshire, in 1887. It is il inches long, and at the cutting edge it measures 2| inches across, from which it narrows to li inches at the butt. Excepting Roman remains, few relics of antiquity have been found in Dumbartonshire. (38) Lent by davio mirray, ll.d. AXE-HEAD, of highly-polished green Felstone, found near the Monaster)- of Fael, Tarbolton, Ayrshire. Length, 10^- inches; greatest breadth at cutting edge, .'i inches. (21) Lent by the rev. joiin w. kitchie. HAMMER, of fine-grained grey Dolerite, found in the Moor of Knockbrax, in the parish of Penninghame, Wigtownshire, 8 feet below the sui-face of the ground. It is 10 inches long, 5i inches in greatest breadth, and at the point of perforation 2h inches thick. The hole is 2 inches wide at each surface, tapering to lA inches at the centre. (17) Lent by >ins. nnvDEX. LARGE HAMMER, of fine-grained Dolerite, from Dumfries. Length, 10^ inches ; greatest breadth. ■'•■] inches : thickness, S^ inches. Perforated from each side. (20) Lent by wellwood 11. ma\wei.i.. SCOTTISH ARCILEOI.OGY MASSIVE HAMMER, of fine-praincd Dolerite. found in front of Stohcross House, at Clyde Trustees' Works, Stohcross Docks, Glasfjow. in a deposit of sand, by A. Wood, Inspector, 1st Krc. 4.— MASSIVE HAM.MEK OF FINE-GHAINF.D DCI.ERrTE. SCALE J. February 1«75. The hammer was found iniliedded 1 foot in a stratum of sand, in all 4 feet beneatli the natural surface. It is perforated from both sides, has a rounded Iiead and a fine edge. Length, 8i inches; greatest breadth, 4| inches. {See Fig- t.) (i) From kelvingrove museum. HAMMER, of fine-grained Dolerite, found under the ruins of an ancient fort on tiie fann of t'olfin, Wigtownshire. It is ovoi]> on one side ; mouth of the socket scjuare with rounded angles. Found in Parish of Lesmahagow, Lanarkshire. (72) Lent by j. b. balzell. PREHISTORIC REMAINS 9 SOCKETED AXE-HEAD, of Bronze, found in river Nith, near Glencaple, in 1877; and another, found at Carscreugh Castle, Wigtownsliire, in 1879- These are of the forms illustrated in Dr. Joseph Anderson's Scotland in Pagan Times, Bronze and Stone Ages (Edin. 188fi), figs. 153 and l.OK ]j. IjI. (52, 53) Lent by jamks lennox, k.s.a. scot. FIG. 8.— BRONZE AXE FOUND NEAR TURNBERRV CASTl.E. NATURAL SIZE. FIG. 9. — BRONZE RING OR ARMLET FOUND NEAR TURNBERRV CASTLE. NATURAL SIZE. TWO BRONZE FLAT AXES, found in 1887 on the farm of Craigdhu, near Lag, Arran. One, () inches long, weighs ISJt ounces; the second, .5 J inches, weighs It) ounces. (57) Lent by james Leslie, ahhax. BRONZE RING OR ARMLET AND FIVE BRONZE AXES, found at 'The Maidens/ near Turnberry Castle, Ayrshire. This hoard was discovered in 1883, when excavations were being made for a shipbuilding yard, in a position about 100 yards from the seashore, and 2.5 feet above high-water mark. The largest of the bronze axes was 5.V inches long by 31 inches across the cutting face; the smallest measured 3j inches by If inches. The find is fully described by Dr. Munro in the Pioc. Soc. .hitii/. Scot. vol. xvii. p. 433, and in the Ai/r and Wigtown Arch. As.sociaiiun's Collections. \<)1. iv. j). 1. {See Figs. 7, 8. and <), which illustrate two of the Axes and the Bronze Ring.) (46, 45, 43) Lent by the marquis ok ailsa. BRONZE CALDRON from Lesmahagow Parish, Lanarkshire. it is formed of a single sheet of thin bronze beaten up into a basin shape, and has rivet-holes around the edge. Height, 7 inches; diameter over the mouth, 13 inches. (62) Lent bv .1. u. oalzell. BRONZE SWORD, found in the ■ Druid Stone ' Park, Errol, Perthshire. The point of this sword has been broken off, and it is otherwise somewhat weathered and injured. It measures 22^1 inches in length, and Ij inches across its broadest point. {6^:.) Lent bv anphew dwie. B 10 SCOTTISH AKCILKOLOGY DHON'ZE SWORD, found in tlu- Tay l)y the fishermen of Darry Island, opjiosite Ek-ho, near Perth, and presented by Lord I'rovost Dewar in IiS-,4 to tlie Literary and Antiquarian Soeiety of Perth. This fine sword measures !23j inches in lenijtli, and I ^' inches in maximum breadth. Tlie hilt-phite is j)ierced with a lonrritiidinal slit ij inches in length, and the cutting edges are finely hanniiered and ground. (54) LiTf;ii.Mn' and WTigiwiiiAX society, I'lcirrn. RRON'ZK .^WOHl), found in a Peat-moss in the Island of Shuna, West Highlands, in KS71-. This leaf-shaped sword, which is one of three found sticking vertically in the peat, points downwards, is in perfect condition. It measures 25^ inches in length, its greatest breadth is 1| inches, and it has a fine hammered and ground cutting margin along the entire length of the blade on both sides. The hilt-plate is pierced with four rivet-holes. In form it is similar to the sword from South L'ist in tlie National Museum, I'kiinburgh, figuretl in Dr. Anderson's Scotland in Pagan Times. Bronze and Sionr Ages (Edin. 1886), fig. 17,'}, ji. 172. (See Fig. 10.) (68) Fmni KELviNtiiiovK museum. SWORD FOU.SD IN THE ISLAND OF SHUNA. SCALE \. MOULD FOR BRONZE OR BRASS IMPLEMENTS, found .'J feet under the surface at Trochrig, Ayrshire. It is made of Serpentine, and measures l6\ by <)J, inches, its greatest thickness being about 'i\ inches. On the jirincipal face of the slab tliere are half moulds for four separate objects, none of which l)ears any close resemblance to the bronze or brass imple- ments usually found. On the back of the slab there is also a mould for a large iiii])lement. Serpentine similar to that of the matrix is found in the south of Ayrshire. See I'ror. Soc. /Intiij. Scot. vol. i. p. 45 ; Way, Catalogue of the Kxliibilion oj the .lir/ia-ological Institute. Edinburgh : Constable, \S:>Q, p. 21, and Wilson's Prehist. Annals, second »(1. \ol. i. j). .'J44. (See Fig. 1 1.) (84) Lent by miss brown. FIG. It. — MOULD FOR DRONZB OR BRASS IMPLEMENTS. SEPULCHRAL URNS, Etc. URN, of Baked Clay, found in a deposit of sand in digging for the foundation of a building at Springfield Quay, Glasgow, in 1877. This is a rudely-formed vessel, destitute of ornament, and divided into three stages in its height by roughly-formed belts or bands. It is fij inches high, and measures G\ inches over the lip. (32) From kelvingrove museum. URN, discovered in the Southern Cairn, or ' Lady's Grave,' at The Holm, near Tomontend, Island of Cumbrae, 12th Sept. 1878. This urn was found in a very finely constnicted cist containing bones in a mound on the old raised beach about .SO yards from the sea-shore. The mound, composed of stone and shingle from the shore, was about (> feet high, and 40 feet in circumference. The urn. which measures -Ij^f.- inches in height, and ."> inches in diameter over the nioutii, is l)eautifully fornu-d, with elaborate incised and impressed ornament, and has been l)rovided with four pierced knobs in a dej)ressed band around its side, one of which is broken away. Figured and described in the 7'r/iii.s: (i/nxguw Air/i. Sor. vol. ii. Part ii. p. II 6. (See Fig. 12.) (29) From KELVINGROVE MUSEUM. PREHISTORIC REMAINS 11 URN discovered in the Large Cairn at Toniontend, Island of Cumbrae, 28th Sept. 1878. This urn, which stands il inches hi{;h, and measures (ijj inches across the mouth, was found in a rudely-formed cist, in tiie cairn which, measuring 60 feet in circumference and 12 feet in iicight, is situated on the old beach about 20 yards distant from the present shore. The surface of the urn is elaborately ornamented with two boldly incised zigzag bands, and rows of incised dots. Figured and described in the Trunx. Glasgow Arch. Hoc. vol. ii. part ii. p. 1 Hi. (Jiee Fig. 13.) (28) From kelvingrove museum. FIG. 12. — URN FROM THE ' LADV S GRAVE, TOMONTEND, CUMBRAE. SCALE J. Ir'''''^'i7,",7~. .— -' "^- v^-i."^ s^ !J>.!l"niii 11 ' III irii '.^ -»^>: 'Til) ''"I '■I!-,,'' ■.:^rr>:'^£. FIG. 13.— URN FROM THE LARGE CAIRN, TOMONTEND, CUMBRAE. SCALE J. THREF, URNS, and fragments of others, found in gravel bed round the large Tumulus near Tomontend, Great Cumbrae, Sept. 1881. None of these was enclosed in any cist; in two of them were found burned bones, accompanied in each case by a leaf-shaped flint knife bearing marks of calcination. (SVc Fig. 1.").) The three perfect urns have been ornamented m FIG. 14a. — UKN FOL'SD NEAR THE LAUGE TUMLLUS, TOMONTEND, CUMCKAE. SCAT.E J. hJ^.. FIG. 14^. — URN FOUND NEAR THE LARGE TUMULUS, TOMONTEND, CUMBRAE. SCALE J. with imbedded cord-marks, and tiiey measure respectively (rt) 7j inches in height by (i;^ inches across the mouth ; (I)) 7] inches high with 6J inches of mouth diameter ; and (c) 4| inches in height by 4 j inches diameter at the mouth. With the other Cumbrae finds above enumerated, these urns are figured and described in the Trmis. Glasgow Arch. Sac. vol. ii. part ii. pp. 114-120. {See Figs. 14a, 146, and 14c.) (30) From kelvinorove museum. 12 SCOTTISH ARCHEOLOGY URN, found at the farmhouse of Lawfiehl, parish of Kihiialoolm, ni-ar Ghisgow. The bottom is broken away. The vessel is divided into three belts or stages by two bands. As it stands, it mejisures 8' inches in height by a diameter of".', inches at the brim. (34) From KELviNonovE museum. ■^ ■f KIG. 14c. — URN FOUND NEAK THE LARGE TUMULUS, TOMONTEND, CUMIJRAE. SCALE J. KIG. 15. — FLINT KNIFE FOUND WITH THE THREE URNS AT TOMONTEND, CU.MBKAE. NATURAL SIZE. URN, of Baked Clay, found on the farm of Dippiii, Kilniory, .Vrian. in 187.^. The lower parts of this urn have been broken away, and in its present condition it is 11 inches high and 9.^ inches across the lip. It is rudely formed, with a single band S inches from the top, and destitute of any ornamentation. (33) F''"'" kki.vi.ngrove museum. URN, found in December KS.S.'i at Hackmoss, near Amlinagatli, on t lie I'.arl of Aberdeen's Hadtlo House Estate, Aberdeenshire. It was turned up a few inches below the surface in ploughing the high part of an arable field. Similar urns have occasionally been found under like circumstances in the neighbourhood. It is rude in form, measuring lOj inches in height and l'J| inches over the lip, beneath which it bulges out in two banded stages. The ornamentation consists of incised cross lines wide and oi)en below. (35) Lent by the eaul ok aukhoeen. FOUR CASTS OF CUP-MARKINGS, found 011 a glaciated rock on the farm of High Fir.. 16. — CAST OF CUP-MARKINGS, HIGH HANKS, KIRKCUDBRIGHT. Banks, in the parish of Kirkcudbright, close to the site of the ancient village of Galtway. There are many other specimens of such prehistoric cup and ring markings in the same parish. PREHISTORIC REMAINS 13 These casts were taken from the surface of a glaciated whinstone rock, discovered in 1887. The locality was subsequently more fully explored by the Kirkcudbright Museum Association, under whose supervision the casts were made. Groups of such markings are found to extend :!&««ft I, iii\M\ ,l» .9 FIG. 17. — CAST or CUr-\[ARKING?, hk;h banks, KIRKCUDBRIGHT. from Balmae on the Solway coast to High Banks, and the separate groups occasionally occupy an area of fifty square feet. At the point where these casts were made, there occurs a quarry which was opened up about forty years ago, and according to the statement of Mr. Rigg, the FIG 18. — CAST OF CUl'-MARKINGS, HIGH BANKS, KIRKCUDBRIGHT. occupant of the land, the surface then broken was most distinctly and elaborately cui)-marked. (.See Figs. Iti, 17, 18, illustrating three of the casts.) (104) Lent by the kihk( ruuiiu.ii 1 miseum association. 14 SCOTTISH ARCHAEOLOGY C A \ O E S ANCIENT CANOE, f'oiiiul m lud tif rivci- ClyiU- in l,s7<). In tlic vallt-v of tlic Clydt-, and in positions wliicli point to tlu- f'ac-t tliat great changes in the plivsic-al features of tlie region have taken ])lace within comparatively recent times, a hn-ge number of relics of early navigation have from time to time been disinterred. Records of the discovery of at least twentv-five of these canoes witliin a centurj- have been preserved, all of which, with one exception, were scooped out of single trunks of oak trees. The stern of these canoes generally consisted of a. board inserted in grooves in the sides ; but in some cases the stem-board was left in hollowing out the trunk. The dimensions of some of these canoes show that the trunks of the trees ^: '^ FIG. 19. — THK SRCO.ND SPRINGPIBI.D CANOE, AFTER A KRAWING MADF. ON ITS DISCOVERY. operated on were of gigantic dimensions. I'lighteen canoes discovered previous to I S.")t) are I'L'Corded bv Dr. John Buchanan in (Haxguir Past niid I'rrxciil, vol. iii. p. ooii el seq. ((ilasgow, Robertson, ISJti). The first was found in digging the foundations of St. Enoch's Church in 1780, the second was discovered in the following year, when the foundations of the Tontine at the Cross were dug out, and in 18'2t another was unearthed in a position between the sites of the first two in Stockwell Street. The fourth is recorded as from the Drj-gate, almost three-quarters of a mile from the present banks of the Clyde, and the fifth was found in a vertical position, prow uppermost, in 182.5, in London Street. These canoes were all destroyed, without any description or record of their size being kept. Again, in connection with the operations of the Clyde Navigation Trustees for improving the river and harbour, which began in IS+T, twelve canoes were exhumed, all distant at least 100 yards from the banks of the river as it then ran, and lying at a depth of about If) feet below the surface. Five of these were found on the lands of Springfield, where Springfield Quay now is, five more at Clydehaugh, immediately west of Springfield, one at the Pointhouse on the north bank of the river where the Kelvin joins the Clyde, and one, not however a canoe, at Bankton, adjacent to Clydehaugh. The first of the Springfield group, discovered in 1847, is now preserved in the National Museum of Antiquities, l-^dinl)urgh, measures 1 1 feet in length, 27 inches in breadth, and is 1.") inches deep; the second (Fig. 19), in the Hunterian Museum, Glasgow, is 19 feet 4 inches long, .SO inches deep, with a breadth of 3 feet 6 inches at the stern and 2 feet 9i inches at the centre; the third and fourth (Fig. 20) were destroyed — one of them was distinguished by having PREHISTORIC REMAINS 15 a plug oi cork in its bottom — and the fifth, 1 1 feet 10 inches long by 2 feet in breadth at the stern, went to the Andersonian Museum in Glasgow. The Pointhouse canoe, found in 1851, and which measured 12 feet in length l)v 2 feet in breadth and 1 foot 10 inches in depth, was also destroyed. Of the five Clydehaugh canoes, the remains of one discovered in 1852 were preserved in Stirling's Library, Glasgow, till I8f)+, when the library was moved to new premises, and the canoe was parted with. It was probably taken to the Glasgow Botanic Gardens, where the remains of two canoes were deposited till, under the influence of the weather, they crumbled away. It measured 12 feet long, 2 feet 5 inches broad, and 2 feet 6 inches deep. The second of the series was 14 feet 10 inches long and 2 feet broad. The remaining three were found close together ; but of two of them no record is preserved. The third, which was regarded by Dr. Buchanan as a specially fine vessel, passed into the hands of the late William Euing. It was fixed for rowing, not paddling, and in the bottom there was fitted a plug perforated with a circular eye. It was H feet long, but in breadth it attained the remarkable proportions of 4 feet 1 inch. The Bankton find, unlike the others, was really a built boat, having a strong, broad plank of oak in the bottom, on which a keel was formed by cutting into the plank. From this keel transverse ribs arose which were planked over with overlapjiing boards, 8 inches broad, just as in modem boats. The prow was provided with a neat cutwater, and the stern was fitted exactly as it would now be done. The boat measured 18 feet in length, its width at the waist was 5 feet, and at the stern ^ feet (i inches. The structure crumbled to pieces on FIG. 20.— THF THIRD AND FOURTH SPRINGFIELD CANOES, AFTER A DRAWING MADE WHEN DISCOVERED. exposure to the air. In 1854 another discovery of a canoe was made at Erskine Ferrj-, ten miles below Glasgow. The vessel was by far the largest recorded as excavated in the Clyde Valley, measuring 29 feet in length, no less than 5 feet across the stern, with a depth at the stern of 3 feet 4 inches, and in the centre of about 26 inches. Indentations in the sides show that there were four seats for rowers, the seats being placed 2 feet 7 inches apart. In 1 Sfij two canoes were revealed on the north bank of the river nearly opposite Renfrew, one of which was no less than 25 feet in length, the other was smaller and much decayed ; but both were allowed to go to utter wreck. In I8()S two more were found close together at Bowling; one of which, very rudely fonned, measured 23 feet 6 inches in length, and inside her was an oaken club ; the other much more neatly constructed, was 13 feet long by 3 feet broad and 2 feet deep. In the same year a canoe 22 feet in length was obtained a little below Milton Island, near Dunglas, in which it is said that there were six stone axes, an oaken club, and a piece of deer's antler. In coiniection 16 SCOTTISH ARC H.EOI.OG Y with the works at the lower harbour of Oliisfjow for tlie formation of the Queen's Dock and Stobeross Quay a canoe (xrv Fiij. iil) was (bscovirtd in ]87a, in a position aloiijj tlie line of what is now Stobcross Quay Wall, in a deposit of sand and frravel, about 8 feet below the high-tide level, and 3 feet above low water. It was about 20 feet in length, and contained a part of a deer's antler. The boat crumbled to j)ieces, and was ultimately burned. The remains of the canoe No. 7()2, now preserved in Kelvingrove Museum, were found just below Hutherglen Bridge PIC. 21. — STOBCKOSS CANOR. in 1879- Only the bottom and a portion of the jjrow of the craft, which measures 12 feet 3 inches in length by 2 feet .'J inches in greatest breadth of bottom, have been secured. In January 1880 another discovery of a canoe was made on an islet, which at one time was known as Point Island, at Glasgow Green, nearly opposite Nelson's Monument. The removal of a weir in the river had laid bare traces of the island, and the canoe was seen imbedded amid stones and gravel. A careful attempt on the part of the Arclueologieal Society of Glasgow to secure the relic failed on account of the condition of the wood and the position it occupied in the stream. (7^-) From kei.vingrove miskim. DRAWINGS OF ANCIENT CANOES obtained in the Clyde Valley which belonged to the late .lohn Buchanan. I.L.D. (937) I-ent l)y nwin M^•nnA^•, i.i..n. ROMAN RExMAlXS 17 ROMAN REMAINS FUAGMENT OF A SCULPTURED STONlv iin<,nilar in lonn, about i ieit in greatest length and 20 inches broad. It consists of sandstone, and lias rudely sculptured on one surface a representation of a warrior, with his shield, in a chariot drawn by a lion and a leoj)ard. The sculpture does not present the usual characteristics of Uonian work : and a SMALL FRAGMENT OF A SLAB INSCRIBED 'MERCURIUS.' These stones are said to have been discovered together 'in Strathtuore.' They are describetl in Stuart's Caledonia liomaua, which states :— ' In the Museum at Perth is preserved an object which is believed to have been found near one of the Roman Canij)s in Strathmore, and had for a li>ng period been used as a hearth- stone, with the back placed uppermost, in a cottage which stood near the place of its discoverj'. It is a slab of freestone, about 4 feet in length by 20 inches in breadth, much mutilated, and representing in bas- relief a military figure seated on a car and drawn by a couple of what seem to be lions or leopards. On one arm he carries an oval FIG, 32. — SCULPTURED STONES. shield, while the other is extended in the act of lashing forward his savage team. From the fragment of an inscription said to have been found along with it, and which contains the word " Mercurius," the figure in question would seem to reiireseiit the Messenger of the (>ods sub- duing the fiei'cest animals to his will, and hastening along the fields of earth, with perhaps some errand from on high. Lhifortunately, however, it has been so much injured by the ravages of time, that little more than the general outline can now be distinguished.' (See Fig. 22.) See Caledunia Uumaiia, by Robert Stuart, second edition, Edinburgh, 1852, p. 207, pi. vi. 7 and iS. (93) Lent by the i.rrKiiAin and ANriQiAiir\N sot•IET^■ of Perth. ANCIENT ROMAN BOWL, of the Red Pottery of the third or fourth century, known as Samian Ware, found 7th October 1876, at the Fleshers' Haugh, Glasgow Green. This bowl was found 4| feet under the present surface of the Cireen. at a distance of 200 yards from the Clyde, which is about 12 feet below the surface-level of the place where the bowl was discovered. It is an unusually jierfect specimen, as those having raised figures and ornamentation are com- monly found in fragments. It is probably from one of the German fabriques, as the ware of the same class made in the Auvergne or Italian factories was more highly finished and of thinner C 18 SCOTTISH AlKTLEOLOGY body tli.in is this specimen. Tlie howl, which stands ll inches hiph and has a diameter of y inches, belongs to tlie third century. The lind is described by John liuclianan, LL. 1)., in the Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot. vol. xii. p. U.VI-, and it is figured in vol. xxii. p. .'{j'2. (.See Fig. 23.) (8i) From kklvingrove museum. It- With this were shown several fragments of a Roman Howl of .Samian Ware, found at dartshore, Kirkintilloch. Kirkintilloch is on the line of the Wall or Harrier of Antonine. Samian i)ottery with raised figures was rarely deposited in tombs ; hence remains of the ware are usually found in fragments which had been cast away when the vessels were accidentally broken. {8j) Lent by j. M\cx.\uiiiiT campuei.i,. PAIR OF ROMAN BRONZE VASE HANDI-ES, found at Harochan, Renfrewshire. These handles were found associated with the Bronze Patera (No. .'>[)) described below. The handles are bow-shaped, anti similar to modern falling handles of drawers or lids : the ends being recurved to form hooks in rings attached to solid bosses of metal. The bosses are moulded in the form of a human face rising from a pear-shaped disc, the back l)eing flat to permit of it being fastened to a metal vessel. The extreme width of each handle is 3 inches. (See Fig. 24.) (58) Lent by mhs. dl'xi.oi", through t)\vin Minnw, i.i-.d. FIG. 24. — ROMAN BRONZE VASE HANDLE. ROMAN PATERA, of Bronze, found in 1886 at Barochan, old parish of Kilallan, Renfrewshire. The site of the find is about four miles from Dumbarton and Kil])atrick, and six miles from Paisley, at each of which places there was a Roman station. The vessel is ROMAN REMAINS 19 of yellow bronze, tinned inside, and having in the centre of the bottom a raised boss or disc. It has a broad lip or level rim, from which the handle projects in a horizontal direction. The handle ends in a circular expansion, with central perforation. The incised lines inside the pot, the bands on its outer surface, and the series of five bold projecting concentric rings on the bottom, show that it has been finished on a lathe. The vessel stands 6\ inches high ; in total diameter it is 9i inches, and its breadth across the bowl (excluding the rim) is 8| inches; the flat handle, which is orna- mented with a cable pattern around the edge, is 8j inches long. On the handle, part of the stamped name of the manufacturer is still legible, the letters remaining being UDIB.Y. Numerous remains of vessels similar in form have been found throughout Europe. It is, except in trifling details, the same as one found at Palace in Teviotdale in 1849, now in the Museum of National Anti- quities, Edinburgh, see Proc. Soc. Ant. Scul. vol. iv. p. 597 (1862). Another, discovered at a crannog in Dowalton Loch, Wigtownshire, in 1864, is figureil and described in the Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot. vol. vi. p. 1 09 et seq. See also Dr. Anderson's Scotland in Pagan Times : The Iron Age, p. 266, Fig. 246. Two such vessels are described in Ure's Hi.slon/ of Riit/ierglen (1793), p. 124, as having been obtained in 1773 at Gallowflat. They had broad handles about 9 inches long, on which was cut the name Congallus or Convallus. Numerous vessels of the same tj-pe have been unearthed in Pompeii, and one, the same in all respects as the Barochan example, except that it is slightly smaller, is in the Duke of Northumberland's museum at Alnwick. (See Fig. 25.) (59) Lent by Miis. dlnlop, through d.wid mirh.w, LL.n. FIG. 25. — ROMAN PATERA. EARLY CHRISTIAN REMAINS RUHKINGS FROM ANCIENT SCULPTURED STONES .Mai>k iiv .Mirace the Duke of Argyll. (97) MONUMENTAL SLAB, at Keills, Knapdale, Argyllshire. It measures 6 feet 6 inches by 2 feet. There is a defaced inscrijition around the margin : in the upper part a belt of interlaced ornament, below which a sword occupies the middle, the blade dividing the lower part of the slab into two equal sections. On one side are shown a harp, a bird, casket, comb, shears, and conventional animals ; the other side is occupied with animals and foliaceous scrolls. (Figured in Sculptured Stones oj Scotland, vol. ii. plate Ivii. (fig. 1), and noticed ]). .SO.) (98) CROSS, at Inveraray. (Figured in Stuart's Sculptured Stones, vol. ii. plate xxxi. noticed p. 22.) It bears this inscription : ' Hec est cnu.\ : nobilium virorum : viDEi.irET Dondc.\ni Meicgvll ICHOMGHAN : P.VTUICI KILII : ElUS : ET MaELMORE : FILII PATRICl : Oil HANC CRUCEM FIERI FACIEBAT.' The ornamentation on both faces is of the comparatively modern type, consisting of animal forms, foliaceous scrolls, and Gothic panels. The sculpturing in two of the panels has been erased, and a careful rubbing over one of them dimly brings out a representation of the \'irgin and Child. The Cross now stands an ornament to the chief street of the town, and not in its original position. MONUMENTAL SLAB, in the C hurchyard of Innishail, one of the beautiful islands on Loch Awe, where there was an early monastic institution, and where are still remains of an ancient parish church. The slab is oblong, tapering from top to bottom, the edges bevelled and surrounded by a border of quatrefoils or tooth ornament enclosing a ])Iain roll. The surface is divided into three panels, the uppermost of which contains a partly illegible inscription. The centre panel contains a chalice, on one side of which is a nondescriiit animal, rampant, and on the other a circular disc. EARLY CHRISTIAN REMAINS 21 FIG. 26.-MONU.MENIAL SLAB IN IHt. CHURCHYARD OF INNISHAIL. 22 SCOTTISH AllCHiEOLOGY :i A\ ^i i iii If *t jij.^l?A^^(^ V/: w 1'*^ ®Li^'-; ^] A^- Xll^il FIG. 27. -SHAFT OF CROSS IN THE ISLAND OF TIREE. EAIILY CHRISTIAN REMAINS 23 The lower panel has down its centre a band of interlaced ornament bordered on each side by a running foliaceoiis pattern of two wavy stems with trijioliate leaves recurved so as to fill the interspaces. {See Fig. 26.) SHAFT OF CROS.S, in the Island of Tiree, which was formerly a dependency of loua from which the Brotherliootl derived thc-ir chief food supplies, the island being mild and fertile. This stone, now in the Ciuirchyard of Soroby, was supposed to be a monumental slab, but on moving it from its earth-fast bed it was found that the long-buried side was covered with a scroll of gracefully sculptured leaves. Tlie well-known obverse represents the Archangel Michael subduing the Dragon ; and also, below, Anna, Prioress of lona, in her robes, being laid iiold of by a skeleton representing Death. It is figured in Stuart's Sculptured Stones, vol. ii. plate liii., and described at pp. 27, 28. {See Fig. 27.) Miss Maclagan, who has devoted many years to the study of these ancient monuments, and to the formation of an extensive collection of rubbings from them, has written, in regard to the small selection shown by her, as follows : — ' The object proposed to be obtained by exhibiting these Rubbings was to draw attention to the remains of Celtic Art in our country. These treasures, scattered over the country, are neglected, forgotten, and subject to the waste of time, and to still more swift destruction by the hand of man, yet are they in truth part of our national history written in stone. ' The Rubbings are simply impressions from the stones as they now exist, without anj' restoi'ation. They form part of what is intended to be a complete collection of memorials of the sculptured stones of Scotland, and the number already finished is about 200.' THE 'BACHULL MORE,' the pastoral staff' of St. Moluag, an immediate follower of St. Columba, who was a zealous worker in the introduction of the Christian Faith into Scotland in the commencement of the 7th century. A family named Livingstone, living in the Island of Lismore, which was the seat of the ancient bishopric of Argyll, were hereditary custodiers of the staff", and enjoyed their little freehold in virtue of the trust. Their lands, however, became the property of the Duke of Argyll, and the ancient symbol of Celtic tenure passed into the muniment chamber at Inveraray. It is, in its present defaced condition, a plain curved staff". .'i t inches in length ; the surface presents indications of the rivets by which a metal casing, probably highly enriched witli ornament, had been originally attached to the wood, some fragments of copper plates still remaining. This staff" when complete must have been dirt'erent in form from the crosiers witjj the voluted heads which became the recognised types of later periods ; and it probably was the same in appearance as the famous Quigrich of St. Fillan now happily deposited in the National Museum in Edinburgh. The Bachull is noticed and figured in the Origiiies Parochialex Scotiw, vol. ii. pt. i. p. 163. Also see the Proc. Soc. Antiq. Scot. vol. ii. p. 12. The charter under which it was latterly held, granted by the Earl of Argyll in I.UK is printed in the Reliq. Antiq. Scot. No. xxxv. p. 150. (.S'ee Fig. 2S.) (loi) Lent by the duke of .xrgvll, k.o., k.t. THE BUIDHEAN OR BELL OF ST. FILLAN, from the old Parish Church of Struan, Blair Athole. Exclusive of the handle it measures 11 inches in height, and across the 24 SCOTTISH ARCHAEOLOGY inoutli it is 7 inches by 5^ inches. It is quiulranpiilar, of sheet-iron^ and had been orii inches diameter across the mouth. (66) Lent by mhs. uryden. BRASS THREE-FOOTED POT found in Mill Street, Perth, which had been imperfectly cast, and appears not to have been used. It was presented by Robert Pullar to the (69) LITEIIAIIV AND ANTIQrARIAX SO( lETA' OF PERTH. BRASS THREE-FOOTED POT found in the vicinity of the Camp near Meikleour, Perth- shire. (70) Lent by w. murhav threipland. These cast cooking-vessels, Nos. .5(), (io, (il, ()(), ()9, and 70, princij)ally of brass or of mi.xed metal, were in former days popularly spoken of as Roman remains, and called Caldrons, Camp Kettles, and Wine Jugs, or by such other terms as ajipeared to fit the form of the utensil. It is. however, certain that they are of mediaeval and more recent origin, and were indeed the cooking vessels of the people till the time that manufactures of cast-iron supplanted them. It was not till towards the end of the seventeenth century that the art of iron-founding was introduced into Scotland, and the great Carron Works, which still exist, were founded only in ITfiO by Dr. John Roebuck and his associates. Pots and other vessels of brass have been found in considerable numbers throughout Scotland and in the northern parts of England, and the comparatively limited number of types in which they were cast is manifest on comparing the examj)les ])re- served in public collections. It is in pots of this character that hidden hoards of mediaeval coins are occasionally found. THE DOUGLAS CLEPHANE HORN. This horn (.ice PI. 1), which has been in the possession of the Clephanes of Kirkness and Carslogie, Fifeshire, from time immemorial, is of ivory, 22 J inches in greatest length, and 14 inches in circumference at 2i inches from the broad end, and the small end 3J inches in circumference. At the broad end there is an irregular-shaped piece ti inches in length by 2J inches in greatest breadth, broken off", while on the inner side the horn is imperfect, and split continuously along its entire length. For convenience of description the horn may be divided into three parts — (1) The bands of ornamentation round the broad end, consisting of leaf-scrolls, animals, etc.; (2) The centre or main panel, containing four rows of human and animal figures ; and (3) The bands of ornamen- tation round the neck or narrow end. 1. (a) A narrow band of acanthus leaf-like ornament; (h) a row of small circles with a narrow plain border on each side ; (c) a band 1 ^ inch in width filled with animals, etc., viz., a griffin ; a tree ; two sphinxes facing each other, a tree between them ; a fox running, with his head turned back over his shoulder; a tree; a boar running; a lion crouching with his forefeet on the hind part of a deer's body. The end of the tail and the head of the lion, and the head and fore part of the body of the deer are broken away. (y the earl of Elgin. TWO-HANDED SWOUD. WITH .S(AHB.\RD, preserved at Drummond Castle, Crieff, as that of the Laird of Lundie, or Lundin, who fought in the Scots army at Bannockburn. Total length of the weapon 5 feet 2i inches ; blade plain, tapering throughout, measuring 4 feet i inch in length. The grip is covered with leather in 'spirals,' the pommel, a globular knob. The quillons, bent towards the j)oint, measure 1 foot 2i inches across, and terminate in an open rose or quatrefoil ornament. (127) Lent by the baroness willouohbv de eresby. BRO.\DS\VORD. with early form of Basket-hilt, the up))er i)art of the blade having a shallow central channel, with both of its sides elaborately etched, forming a memorial of Sir John de Graham. One side bears the letters 's. j. o." with the date 140C in Arabic numerals. 4'm FIGS. 34 AND 35. — SWORD OF SIR JOHN GRAHAM. and floriated scrolls; the other has the three scallop shells of the CIraham arms on a shield, of a form which is not earlier than the sixteenth century, and the legend — 'sir jone ye grame verry vicht and vise. ONE OF ye chif reskevit skotland thrys. FAVCHT VITII YIS SVORD AND NEVER THOLIT SCHAME. coMANDiT NANE TO BEiR IT BoT HIS NAME.' {See Figs. 34 and .95.) Sir John de Graham, the faithful ally and brother in arms of Sir William Wallace, was the second son of the knight of Dundaff in Stirlingshire by Annabella, daughter of Robert, Earl of Strathern. He was slain at the battle of Falkirk on 22d July 1298, and a monument, supposed EARLY SCOTTISH 33 to be his, which has been several times renewed, in the churchyard there, bears an inscription, two Hnes of whicli are the same as the legend on the sword : ' Here lys Sir John the Grceme baith wicht and wise, Ane of the chief reskevit Skotland thr)-s Ane better knight not to the world was lent Nor was gude Grame of truth and hardiment.' Blind Harrv in his metrical romance thus makes Wallace lament the death of his companion in arms : ' My dearest brother that I ever had, My only friend when I was hard bestead, My hope, my health I O man of honour great, My faithful aid and strength in every strait ; Thy matchless wisdom cannot here be told, Thy noble manhood, truth and courage bold ; Wisely thou knew to rule and to govern. Yea, virtue was thy chief and great concern ; A bounteous hand, a heart as true as steel, A steady mind, most courteous and genteel.' (139) Lent by the duke of montrose. THE 'DOUGLAS SWORD." The blade is double edged, 33i inches in length excluding the tang, which is 6| inches. The blade is double-fluted on each side for a length of lOi inches. In the flutings on both sides are an elaborate series of maker's marks, and between these and the tang there are later inscriptions which have been etched with acid. These consist on one side of the engraving of a heart, to which two hands point. Over the one hand are the letters £9 mtyCviO .iirri* v^j\.^ HfUe FIGS. 36 AND 37. — THE DOUGLAS SWORD. ' K. R. B.,' and over the other the letters ' I. D.' On the other side are shown the Royal shield of Scotland, with the date \3'2Q in .Arabic numerals. The following legend is on the two sides: — • so MONV GVID .\S OF THE DOVGL.\S BEINE, OF .\NE SVRXAME, WER NEVER IX SCOTLAND SEINE ; I WIL VE CHARGE, EFTER YAT I DEPART, TO HOLY GRAVFE AND THAIR BVRY MY MART : LET IT REMANE EVER, BOTHE TYME AND IIOVR, TO YE LAST DAY I SIE MY SAVIOVR. SO I PROTEST, IN TYME OF AL MY RINGE, YE J.\K SLBIECTIS HAD NEVER ONY KEING.' The Sword was nearly lost to the family on the occasion of the Rebellion of 1745, as in their retreat from Preston the followers of Prince Charles Edward took up their quarters for a time in Douglas Castle, and carried the weapon away with them when they left. It was only after some troublesome negotiations with the rebel leaders that the sword was recovered, and replaced in the Castle by the Duke of Douglas. See Sir William Eraser's Book- of Douglas, vol. i. p. 184, where there is a coloured plate of the Swortl. (See Figs. 36 and 37.) (125) Lent by the earl of home. E 84 HISTORICAL AND TEllSONAL IIELICS THE BROOCH OF LORNE. This brooch {see Fig. 38) consists of a disc of silver 4i inches in diameter enrielied with fili<;ree work, having a circle of eight jewelled obelisks rising around a central capsule crowned with a large rock-crystal. 'I'he cai)sulc is removable, and discloses a cavity designed doubtless for a reliquary. The Brooch belongs to tlie class designated relinuarv brooches, and is of the same tyjjical form as the Loclibuy Brooch now in the British Museum, which is classed as sixteenth-century work, and the Lossit Brooch, a facsimile of which is in the National Museum of Antiquities, Edinburgh. The Lochbuy Brooch is described and figured in the Calalogiie of Ihe Benitil Colleclioti (Bohn's Illustrated Library, 1857), p. 348. The traditions which relate to the Brooch of Lome are numerous, and in several details they are mutually irreconcilable. The brooch is said to have been borne by Robert the Bruce, and to have fastened his plaid at the battle of Dal-Righ (the King's Field) with the Lord of Lome, Allaster or Alexander M'Dougall, on the borders of Argyllshire, August 130fi; and it was reported that he had to leave the brooch along with his plaid in the dying grasp of the M'Keochs. According to current tradition the brooch was long preserved at Dunollie Castle, the seat of the Lords of Lome, but disappeared in the seventeenth century, when thi- castle was hviimd by the M'Neils, assisted by the Campbells of Bar- (Jleann. It was believed in the country to have been carried off" by the latter, while the former was either seeking or ransacking the charter- chest. The Bar-Gleann family, however, over- awed by the neighbour- hood of their powerful enemies, never displayed the brooch or boasted of its possession : but hav- ing lately fallen into decay, they are reported to have sold it no longer ago than the year 1 8'J2. Soon after it is said to have been observed by General Campbell, of Lochnell, in the window of a jeweller in London. The General, a near neighbour of M'Dougall, recognising, if not the Brooch of Lome, which he never saw, a very curious and ancient Highland relic, entered the shop and inquired its history, when he was told it was the lost Brooch of Lome, and, with very generous feeling, immediately purchased the valuable relic and presented it to its hereditary owner. Another account says this relic continued in the M'Dougall family till the year l(i47, when the castle of Gylen, in the island of Kerrera, having been taken, sacked, and burnt by General Leslie's troops, Campbell of Inverawe possessed himself of the Brooch of Lome ; in that family- it remained until it passed into the hands of a cadet of that house who appointed it by testament to be sold, and the proceeds to be divided among his younger children. It was accordingly sent to Messrs. Rundell and Bridge, London, to be exposed for sale. Ultimately, in 1825, General Campbell of Lochnell, being anxious to bestow some mark of grateful regard on his esteemed friend and neighbour, M'Dougall, purchased the brooch, and presented it to him through his chief, the Duke of Argyll, at a social meeting of the landholders of the county. The Brooch of Lome was borne by Captain M'Dougall, R.N., of Lome, when he, in full High- land garb, commanded and steered the royal barge in which the Queen and Prince Albert sailed up Loch Tay during the time they were the guests of the Marquis of Breadalbane at Taymouth FIG. 38.— THE BROOCH OF LORNE, EARLY SCOTTISH 35 Castle, on their visit to Scotland in 1842. Lord Breadalbane presented the wearer to the Queen, mentioning his profession, and that he bore the celebrated Brooch of Lome which was said to have belonged to Robert the Bruce. The Queen took the brooch in her hand, and examined it minutely, asking about the centre stone, etc. The following description of the brooch, along with part of the foregoing, is from Sir Thomas Dick Lauder's Koyiil Progress in Scotland in 1 842, p. 359 ■ — 'It is of silver, of very curious form and ancient workmanship, and consists of a circular plate about four inches in diameter, with a tongue like that of a common buckle on the under side. The margin of the upper side has a rim rising from it, with hollows cut in the edge at certain distances, like the embrasures in an embattled wall. From the circle within this rim eight very delicately-wrought tapering cones start up at regular intervals to the height of an inch and a quarter, each having a large pearl in its apex. Concentric with these there is an inner circle, also ornamented with carved work, within which there is a raised circular case occupying the whole disc of the brooch, and slightly overtopping the cones. The circle exterior to this case projects into eight semi-cylinders, relieving it from all appearance of heaviness. The upper part is also verj- elegantly carved, and the centre is filled by a verj' large unpolished gem. Nobody has yet been able to determine the nature of this central stone. The present proprietor had it examined by Messrs. Rundell and Bridge of London, but they could fomi no judgment regarding it without its being polished, which, of course, he had too nmch antiquarian feeling to allow.' Miss Campbell of Bragleen (Bar-Gleann) supplies a note to Lord Archibald Campbell's Records of Argi/U, p. 513, to the following effect : — ' From the taking of dylen Castle in 1()47, the brooch remained in the Bragleen family of Campbells for nearly two hundred years. After the death of the late Major Campbell of Bragleen, General Campbell of Lochnell, one of his trustees, acquired the brooch by an agreement with the family, and presented it to MacDougall of Dunollie, at a county gathering in 1825." The brooch has been frequently figured, and there is an excellent steel engraving of it in Arclueologia Scolica, vol. iv. p. 419, pi. xxx. .SVr also Wilson's Prehistoric Annals oj' Scotland, 2d ed. vol. i. ])1. iv. p. 339- (129) Lent by colonel c. a. m'dougall. PAIR OF STIRRUPS, of brass, the rings in the form of large horse shoes, 6\ inches high by 6 inches wide at the top, narrowing to .5| inches wide at the foot-rest, which is elliptical in shape, and Sh inches wide, and of open work. ('34) Lent by a. j. n. campbeli.. PRICK SPUR, of iron, the collar o\ inches deep, the spur-neck, one inch long, and the prick 4J inches in length. At the Jimction of the prick and the spur-neck is a disc 2i inches in diameter, and i inch thick. This form of spur is North African, and is in common use to the present day. (135) Lent by a. j. u. Campbell. WAR SCYTHE. The shaft is of lacquered wood, 5 feet 7i inches in length, with a band of silver round the top ornamented with scroll work. The blade is 21;^ inches in length, curved back from the edge, and fastened to the shaft in the same manner as the Japanese swords. The weapon is a Japanese war scythe, such as was in common use down almost to the present day. (136) Lent by a. j. h. Campbell. These three articles from Dunstaffnage were, according to tradition, left by the Bruce when he handed over the castle to the Campbells. One of them is among the objects alluded to in Camden's Britannia {Additions) by Gough, vol. iv. p. 129, where he quotes the following from Knox's 7'oK/-(1787): 'Some parts of an ancient regalia were preserved till the eighteenth century, when the keeper's servants, during his infii-m years, embezzled them for the silver ornaments, and left only a battle-axe, nine feet long, of beautiful workmanship, and ornamented with silver.' They are mentioned occasionally in family pajiers. and they are figured in Lord .Archibald Campbell's liecords oj' Argi/ll, p. y(i. 36 HISTORICAL AND PERSONAL RELICS CALTHROP, from Field of Bannockbuni. One of King Robert Bruce's ex])eclieiits for harassing the English cavalry was the strewing of calthrops on the battle-tield in order to lame the horses of the enemy. This curious relic was founil while draining the field of Bannockbuni. These four-spiked instruments, which, however scattered, leave one spike erect, were a recognised weapon against cavalry in media-val warfare. Among the stores at Dover Ciistle in the reign of Edward in. was a barrel containing 2<)00 ' calketrappes.' The calthrop is a recognised charge in heraldry, and in the arms of the Drunmionds there are six in a compartment supporting the shield. (Sec Fig. 3'J.) (130) Lent by the trustees ok the smith institute, stiulino. Portion of a LEATHERN SHROUD, and small portion of Toile d'Or, obtained from the tomb of King Robert the Bruce in the choir of Dunfermline Abbey. The tomb was accidentally come upon on the 17th February 1818, in digging the foundation fig. 39. -calthrop. of a . new church, and these articles were presented to the late Mr. Downing Bruce, by the Rev. Peter Chalmers, then Minister of the Abbey Church, Dunfermline. The body called that of Bruce had, however, no leatheni shroud. The vault was again closed over, and oflicially reo])eiicd, and the remains examined on 5th November 1819, in presence of the Lord Chief Baron, Mr. Baron Clark Rattray, the Magistrates of Dunfermline, Professor Gregorj-, Professor Monro, and others. (131) 132) Lent by mrs. downing bruce. SILVfLR SPURS said to have been taken by a workman from the tomb of Robert the Bruce in Dunfermline Abbey when it was discovered in 1818, iluring the digging of the foundation of the new church. These sj)urs in their form do not bear out the otherwise unlikely allegation that they were taken from the tomb of Bruce. ('3?) Lent by Mus. james kay drown. THE BLACK CHANTER OR FEADAN DLBH OF CLAN CHATTAN. It consists of the chanter of a set of bagpipes, made, as is usual, of lignum vita', having attached to it a silver plate witii an inscription in Gaelic. Of the many singular traditions regarding the Chanter, one is that its original fell from heaven during the memorable clan battle fought between the Macphersons and the Davidsons in presence of King Robert in., on the North Inch of Perth in 1396, and that, being made of crystal, it was broken by the fall, and the existing one made in facsimile. Another tradition is to the effect that this is FH;. 40.— THE BLACK CHANTER OR FEADAN DUBH OK CLAN CHATTAN. the genuine original, and that the cracks were occasioned by its violent contact with the ground. The Chanter is highly prized, and has a peculiar interest for the Cluny family, the prosperity of the house of Cluny being supposed to be dependent on its possession. Fide the article, 'The Last of the Old Highland Chiefs,' in Good Words for July 1885. In his notes to The Fair Maid of Perth, Sir Walter Scott says : — ' The present Cluny Macpherson, Chief of his Clan, is in possession of this ancient troi)hy of tlieir presence at the North Inch. Another account of it is given by a tradition which says that an aerial minstrel appeared over the heads of the Clan Chattan, and, having played some wild strains, let the instrument drop from his hand. Being made of glass, it was broken by the fall, excepting only the chanter, which as EARLY SCOTTISH 37 usual was of lignum vita>. The Macpherson piper secured this enchanteil pipe, and possession of it is still considered as ensuring the j)rosperity of the Clan.' (See Fig. 40.) (138) Lent by cluny macpherson. SILVER FINGER-illNG, found — with the flngerbone still in it — in ploughing up the Muir ground, on the field of the Battle of Harlaw, Aberdeenshire, fought between Donald Lord of the Isles and the Earl of Mar in I^ll. (140) Lent by c. e. dalhymple. SIDE-BOARD, whicli purports to have belonged to Queen Margaret, Queen of James iv. It is in carved oak Scottish work, in the manner of the period of James 1 v., with decorations which consist of the Rose, Thistle, Heart, and Crown, with Queen Margaret's cipher amidst a ])rofusion of rich Tudor carving. This handsome piece of furniture was acquired by the late David Laing at a sale in Edinburgh. The work hears obvious indications of being modem. (.See Fig. U.) (149) Lent by MISS LAiNo. Fir.. 41 — CARVED OAK SIDK-UOARO. FLACJ, preserved as that carried by men of Selkirk at the Battle of Flodden. This flag, known as the ' Skirving Banner,' has long been in the possession of the Selkirk Weavers' Incorporation. According to tradition, it was brought from Flodden by a burgess named Skirving, who along with a numerous train of burghers accompanied the king to the field ; but there is no name of Skirving on the burgess roll of May I.'ilS. The flag is now in an exceedingly tattered and fragmentary condition, but its remains are framed and cared for with scrupulous attention. It is of green colour, and shows traces of embroidered devices, among which two shuttles can be made out. As it now remains, it measures 4 feet (i inches in length by a breadth of."? feet. See The Hlslori/ of Sclldrkshirc (ISSO), by T. Craig-Brown, vol. ii. p. 22. (150) Lent by the weavers' incorporation ok Selkirk, ;;e;' j. u. uhown. SILVER (HLT ROSE-WATER DISH AND EWER. The former is If) inches in diameter, and bears the London hall-mark of the year 1 603-4. The design is floral, with panels filled in with sea-monsters : it is executed in repousse and flat chased work. On the boss in the 41G715 38 IIISTOIUCAL AND PEUSONAI. RELICS centre there is engraved 'A U ' in monogram, surmounted b\- a crown. This rose-water dish bears a striking resemblance, in almost everj' feature of its design, to an old baptismal basin, bearing the hall-mark of London 1602-3, now in the possession of the Old Kirk, Edinburgh, and also to a rose-water dish of the same period, at the Merchant Taylors' Hall, London. The Ewer, which is I'J inches high, is of similar design, and bears the same hall- mark. The tradition regarding this rose-water dish and ewer is tliat they were the gift of (^uccn .Vniiahclla Drummond, who was crowned a.d. I.'i90, wife of King Robert in., to her brother Sir John Drummond. The hall-mark (l()(),'J-4) precludes the possibility of this, but it does not help in any way to discover their history. [\. J. S. B.] (141) Lent by the u,\m>\Kss uiii.ougiiuy de eresuv. SILVER GILT SALT-CELLAR. Measures 1.5 inches in height over all. The body is supported on three ball-and-claw feet, and measures 7 inches high ; and is decorated with twisted wire and stamped borders. It has a (5-inch) cover surmounted by a (.'i-inch) warrior. There are engra\cil on the body the initials 'A U ' in mono- gram surmounted by a crown. It is alleged to have been the gift ol {^ueen Annabella Drunnnond, to her brother. Sir John Drunmiond. There are four hall-marks which are almost illegible. They point, however, to its having been made abroad, although both the date and the place are unknown. [A. J. S. B.] {See Fig. 42.) FIG. 42.-SILVER GILT SALT-CELLAR. ('42) Lcnt by thc DARONESS WILLOUGIIUY DE ERESBY. PATR of silver Cill.T CUPS. These measure over all 13 inches in height. They are engraved on the outside and inside of both the bowl and the cover. They both bear the London hall-mark of the year 1()04-.'), although they also form part of the alleged gift of Queen Annabella Drummond to her brother. [A. J. S. B.] (.See Figs. 43 and 44.) (143) Lent by the baroness willoiiguby de eresby. CHARTER, by Margaret, the widow of Michael Scott, with consent of Duncan, her heir, to John, her son, of the two Muttluilics and Capeth and third part of Petfinran. (Supposed date, about 1170.) (1358) Lent by sir Arthur iialkett, bart. CHARTER, by King Alexander III., in the twenty-eighth year of his reign, 1277. ('359) '■'■"* ''>' *"" ^"THUR II M.KKTT, HART. MS. OF GAVIN DUNBAR of FIG. 44. — I.NSIDE VIEW OF UOWL , , , >-., n r C i.l 1 1 OF CLP, FIG. 43. Mochrum, Chancellor of Scotland, and (1.524-lo47) Archbishop of Glasgow : ' Act and discharge contra the sheriff ot Dumfries for intromitting with any bluids commitid within the Toune.' Dated at ' Dunfermling,' 14th May loOf). Signed by Gavin Dunbar as Clerk Register of the Kingdom. ( 1 47) Lent by the town council of Dumfries. Fit.. 43. — ONE OF A I'AIR OF SILVER GILT CUPS. EARLY SCOTTISH 39 MS. INTERLOCUTOR of the Lords of Council, signed by Gavin Dunbar of Moelirum, regarding 'Courts upon blude ' within the Burgh of Dumfries. Dated 28tli March 1511. These papers are connected with a dispute between Robert, Lord Creichtoun of Sanquhar, Sheriff of Dumfriesshire, and the Magistrates of Dumfries, as to the right of holding ' Courtis upon blude commitit within the said burgh.' Lord Creichtoun had by a royal warrant to the Dumfries Miigistrates been discharged from holding such courts in the burgh, and that interdict lie claims to have removed. He admitted that neither he nor his father was in possession of ' blude in the said burgh, but allegit that his foirgrauntschyr had possession thairof, and that his grantschyr was ane schleuchfull man and pretemiittit it.' In the Interlocutor botii parties are in the meantime suspended ' fra any balding of courts upon blude within the said burgh.' Pitcairn notices a memorable affray which occurred in Dumfries on 31st July 1568 in connection with this obscure question of the conflicting rights of jurisdiction of the hereditary Sheriff of the County and the Magistrates of the burgh of Dumfries. (14S) Lent by the town council ok uimkries. MEMORIALS OF MAHV QIEEX OF SCOTS It may be a fittint> tiik vikkn. FIG. <5. — QUERN MARYS CAIIINET, NOW THE PROPERTV op HKK MAJESTY, 111 EEN VICTORIA. A LOCK OF QUEEN MARY'S HAIR, of a bmwii colom-. Bequeathed to Ihi- .Majesty Queen V^ictoria, by Robert, eighth Lord Belhaven and Stenton. [To detei-mine the exact colour of Queen Mary's hair has been a matter of difficulty to many. The lock of hair in the possession of Queen X'ictoria is brown, while in scmie of lur jiortraits it is represented as auburn, and in others as black. But it is not only in lur portraits that this difference appears: several chroniclers give different descriptions of its colour. Brantome, who last saw Queen Maiy in the autumn of Ijfil, assures us that her hair was what in Scotland we should perhaps have called 'blind fair': 'si beaux, si l)loiids. et cendrez.' Ronsard, who liad known her from a girl, writing at the moment of her departure from France, speaks of her golden ringlets. ' l^uand vostre front d'albastre, et Tor de vos cheiiciix, Annelez et Iressez ' . . . In I.")f)o. Sir James Melville, on being jiresscd by (^iicen F",lizabetli to say whether lur hair (which he tells us was ' golden coloured ' ' rcdrr l/icii i/elloiv ') or the Scottish Queen's was the fairer, evaded the question by the answer, that 'the fairnes of them baith was not ther worst faltes.' In l.i().f) Nicholas White wrote to Cecil that Queen Marj's hair was black, and Brantome tells us that in 1,^77 it was gre)'. We might therefore infer that Queen Mary's natural hair appears to have changed with years from a riuldy yellow to aubimi. and from auburn to dark brown or black. MEMORIALS OF MARY QT EEN OF SCOTS 45 turning gi"ey long before its time (we learn from Brantome that Queen Mary's hair turned jEP"ey at thirty-five). But one fact tends rather to complicate the question, and to render its elucidation a matter of difficulty. There is repeated mention in tlie inventories, of the Queen's borrowed ringlets or perukes as they are called, which she wore of different colours, '. . . vne aulne de toille pour acoustrer les j)erruques de la Royne.' '. . . demie auhie de toille pour faire des ataches pour des ])erruques pour la Royne.' '. . . vne aulne de toylle pour friser de perruque pour la Royne. . . .' In October \56~, Servais de Corfdez sent to the Queen at Lochleven ' plusieurs perruques et aultres tfllcs ciioses V servant.' In July 15()8, he sent to her at Carlisle, after her flight into England, • ling jjaqiic de i)ernu|ue de chevoux.' It was at Carlisle that Mary Seton, to the surprise of Sir I'raiicis Knollys, ■ among otlur jjrttty devices, did set such a curled hair upon the Queen, that was said to be a jjcrewvke, that sliowcd ver\' delicatelv.' Nicholas White, who saw the (Jucen at Tutbury in February 1.5();}, writes to Cecil: 'She is a goodly personage . . . liath withall an alluring gi'ace, a prety Scottish accente, and a searching wit, clouded with myldnes. . . . Her hair of itself is black, and yet Mr. Knollys told me that she wears hair of sundry colors.' At first she seems to have used these perukes only in compliance with the fashion of the period ; but that which had been merely an ornament became a necessity when sorrows had whitened and sickness had tiiinned her hair. From a contemporarv French rejiort of the (Jiieeii's execution, and also from a letter of U. Wynkfeild, an eye-witness, we learn that the auburn tresses whicli she laid upon the block at Fotheringhay were not her own ; and when her liead drojjped from them in the executioner's hands, its only covering was seen to be a few short grey hairs on either temple. — (Iiiiieiilaires de In Nni/}ic Dr.fcnx.ir Dniiniririr tie Frmirr. Bannatvne Club, mdccclxiii.) A. J. S. B.] (165) Lent by her majesty the queen. .V FL USE, with embroidered work l)y Mar}- Queen of Scots, representing a crown above a sword and sceptre, together with five letters nearly defaced, wrought in black silk. On the reverse, a hen sitting on seven eggs of gold. Bequeathed to Her Majesty by Robert, eighth Lord Belhaven and Stenton. (i66) Lent by her majesty the queen. .\ W.VrCH, b}' Etienne Hubert of Rouen, providele leaves supported by a roughened stem. On the bowl there are six medallions containing subjects from Old Testament history, and on the cover six similar medallions depicting events in Our Lord's history, forming the Antitypes of the Types from the Old Testament. Round these medallions are scrolls, copper gilt, (m w hich are engraved the titles of some of the figures and the legends, the lettering still showing traces, here and there, of having been enamelled in red. These scrolls run one into the other with gracefully flowing curves. The spandrels between the medallions are filled uj) with foliage ornament, which is also linked to, and intertwined with, the scrolls round the medallions. The whole general character of the ornamentation of this jiart of the ciborium nnich resembles the work met with in French illuminated missals, the ])roduction of the scribes and miniaturists of the period preceding the invention of printing.' The following diagram shows in a convenient form the disposition on the vessel of the different medallions, and their subjects. It will be observed, on reference to the frontispiece of this volume, that the ciborium has been therein depicted with the medallions N'os. .') and (i. The Sacri/i'ce of Isaac, and 'J'/ie Criici/i.rioii, in full view. This aspect will illustrate, far better than any mere verbal description, the beauty of its design generally, and the great ' For a readily accessible typical example of what is meant, so far as the scrolls arc concerned, see Fig. 4 of Mrs. Jameson's and Lady Easllake's History of Our Lord, 3d edition, vol. i. p. 28. London : Longmans, 1872. PLATE II. THE KENNET CIBORIUM— DETAILS OF MEDALLIONS *1%? -■' \ ■1^ MEMORIALS OF MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS 47 delicacy of the colouring. Attention is invited to the simple bands of ornament round the top of the bowl, and the bottom of the cover, Oriental in molif', which serve to connect with admirable effect the elaborate decoration on both portions of the vessel. All the medallions are reproduced, to actual size, in I'lates ii. and in. : — ANTITYPES— COVER 2. 4- 6. 8. 1 ID. 12. The Baptism of Our Lord bearing The Crucifi.\ioii. The Resurrection. ' The Harrowing The Ascension. Our Lord. [he Cross. of Hell.' TYPES— BOW I. The Circumcision of Isaac. Preparations for The Sacrifice of the Sacrifice of Isaac. Isaac. The Gates of Gaza. 9- David rescuing a Elijah takeorup Lamb from a Bear. into Heaven. .\doptint>' the luimberiiiij shown above, medallion :- the followinj)- is a detailed description of each I. Oil the Bowl. Tiif I'vpe: — The Circtinicisioii of Isaac. Abrahain is circumcising Isaac, who, |)artly held in position by an attendant, turns round in pain towards his mother, who, at his back, is helping to steady her child with one hand, while with the other she is offering him lier right breast to quiet him. Isaac's right leg is resting on an altar-like structure, corre- sponding to the ornamented hi'inis, or ■ chairs,' in use for a soinewhat similar purpose among the Moslems of Upper India at the present day. It is worthy of note that the knife is grasped and applied by Abraham in such a manner that two of his fingers and the thttmb of his right hand are seen to be in the blessing position. For a parallel case see the reniavks below, as to the mode in which Isaac is carrying the fagots in medallion No. ;;. In several of its details this delineation of a circmiicision differs from what was the actual practice among the .lews. The 'titles' of the figures and the legend round the medallion are : SAHHA • ISAU ■ AUIIAAM ■ ^ PHECESSIT . LAV.\CRVM • SACRA ■ CIHCVIISIO ■ SACRVM 'The hallowed rite of Circumcision foreshadowed the Holy Font." •i. On the Cover. The Antitype: — The Baptism of Our Lord. The Saviour, perfectly nude, with a halo of glory round His Head, is standing. His Arms close to His Sides, in the Jordan, which, to conceal His Body from a little below the breast downwards, has risen in waves of a ])yrainidal form. .Kihn the Baptist, clad in a robe with a broad edging of camel's hair, jjlaited, is standing with his right foot on the bank, the other in the water, and is ))lacing his right hand on Our Lord's Head, above which descends the Holy Ghost in the form of the Baptismal Dove. Opposite to John the Baptist, and standing on the bank, is an angel, holding an embroidered vestment, resembling an ecclesiastical robe, faint traces of a cross being visible on the back, ttu- the use of the Saviour on emerging from the water. Tile legend reads as follows : BATIZ.^T MILES REGEM NOVA GRATIA LEGEM 'A soldier baptizes a kins;, the new Covenant of Cirace [baptizes] the la«. ' ;>. On the Bowl. i'hc Type : — I'rejiarations for the Sacrifice of Isaac. Abraham, bearing hi his left hand a torch-like metal vessel containing fire, in his right hand a sword, is followed by Isaac, who carries the wood, in two fagots arranged in a cruciform shape, I'esting on his left shoulder. 48 UlSTOllICAL AM) I'KUSONAL HKLICS His left hand is jfraspin"; the lower end of the up))er faf;ot ; the thinnb and two fingers of his right hand, as if giving a blessing, resting on the top end of the same fagot, thus steadying — and sanctifying — the load. The remains of a lialo can be traced round the head of Abraham. On the to)), anil down one side of the niedalliim is the following inscription : — ►J< I.KINA I'VER GEST.Vr CRICIS VNDE TH'VM MANIFESTAT ' The l)oy hear;* the wood, in this wise lie sets forth the Cross.' i. On the (over. llu- .\iititype : Our I.oril bearing the ( fosx. wiiicli i?> of the noriiiiil t\pi-, not as shown in the nuclallion (No. ()') described below. The Saviour, nude ilown to the waist, is staggering under the load. Behind are the three Marys. In advance of Our Lord, a man, with the features and dress of the tyj)ieal Jew of early art, is buffeting Him. preceded by one carrying a hammer and nails. The legend encircling the greater jiart of the medallion reads as follows : — >J< SIC AI.AHIS ( ESVS PIA l)\ ( ITV U HOST! A UIESVS ' Thus, struck by blows upon the cheek, the Holy Viciini Jesus is led away.' ,"). On the Bowl. The I'ype : — The Sacrifice of Isaac. Abraham with u|»lifte(l sword, which is being held back by an angel, prepares to slay I.saac, who is kneeling upon an altar, his hair being grasped by Abraham's left hand. Above the boy is the pierced Hand of Our Saviour — the red enamel in the nail-hole can still be traced by the aid of a magnifjing glass — issuing from the clouds, conveying a blessing on his head. On the left, underneath the angel, is the ram caught in the thicket, the angel pointing with his right hand towards it. The 'titles,' and inscription, which in this case appears to be a mere repetition of the ' titles,' read as follows : — ANCiELVS • ABRAAM • ISAAC ■ ►J< TEMITANS TEMT.VTVS ISAAC ARIES QVK I-AIIATXS 'The Tempter, Isaac the tempted, and the ram that »;is prepared.' (i. Om the t'over. The .\iititype : — The Crucifixion. Our Lord on the Cross, the whole structiu'e of which is more massive than is usually met with in rej)resentations of the same subject, the scene being treated, as is the case with most ancient representations of the event, in a devotional or doctrinal sense. It is also worthy of notice that the arms of the Cross are not at right angles to the central stem, but incline upwards. This is unusual, but see Lady Kastlake's continuation of Mrs. Jameson's Histori) of Our Lord, third edition, London 187'-', vol. ii. page 175, for a representation of the Crucifixion taken from an early fresco dated 1248, in the Chapel of S. Silvestro, near the Church of the Quattro Incoronati, at Home, where Our Lord is nailed to a Cross with arms at an angle of 40' ± to the main shaft; the flatter angle (SO ±) of tile arms of the Cross on the ciborium being due to the necessity for considering the rounded form of the vessel. The Cross resembles the type known as the Tau (r) Cross, or Cross of St. Anthony, which has no head-])iece. To Oin- Lord's right stands the Blessed Virgin, her hands crossed over her breast, to the left St. John with his book, both mourning. The Hands are nailed to the Cross, and two nails are used for the Sacred Feet. The inscription on the tablet of the Cross, over the Head, is IHESV'S. The legend round the medallion reads: — ►!< IN CRVCE MACT.VTVR PERIT ANtiVIS OVIS REVOC.\TVR ' He is slain on the Cross, the serpent perishes, and the sheep is brought back.' 7. On the Bowl. The Type: — The Oates of (Jaza. The centre of the medallion represents the turreted gates of a crenellated walled city, with two mail-clad figures on each side : one of the figures to the left, is apparently talking to a female on the top of the wall (• For her house was ujwn the town wall, and she dwelt upon the wall' — Joshua ii. 1.5), possibly a slave girl belonging to the harlot, who may have been sent to tell them (' the (iazites ') that Samson was within. To the right are depicted the two others, one with an uplifted sword, his comrade with a spear, both ready to smite whenever Samson might emerge, their eager watchfulness being most powerfully depicted by the artist who executed the ciborium. The Biblical narrative in Judges xvi. 1, ',', PLATE III. THE KENKET CIBORIUM— DETAILS OF MEDALLIONS 7-12. ^Kr^i;. \1 J \\\\W\^/ f '-"W^^^ MEMORIALS OF MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS 49 has evidently been carefully studied : ' Then went Samson to Gaza, and saw there an harlot, and went in unto her. And it was told the Gazites, sayinjj, Samson is come hither. And they compassed him in, and laid wait for him all night in the gate of the city, and were quiet all the night, saying, In the morning, when it is day, we shall kill him.' The legend, which runs round the top. and on one side, reads as follows : — ►fl S.\MSON DE GAZA CONCLVSVS AB nosTIBVS EXIT ' Samson departs from Gaza, although hemmed in by his enemies.' 8. On thf Cover. The Antitype : — The Resurrection. In the foreground the sleeping guards, represented as three mailed soldiers, their spears resting against a wall of the sepulchre, which contains a coffin, the hinged lid open. An angel with a nimbus is sitting on the cottin and pointing to the grave-clothes lying therein. To the left (i.e. of the spectator) the three Marys, one of whom, an expression of wonder on her face, and with a censer in her hand, is looking into the open coffin. Behind her are her companions, with the boxes* of sweet ointment in their arms. The legend, which commences on the left, is as follows : — >}« SVRGIT UE TVMVLO PETRA XPC QVEM PETRA TEXIT ' There rises from the tomb that rock Christ whom a rock did cover.' 9. On tlie Bowl. The Type : — David rescuing a lamb from a bear. The youth, a tigiu-e with flying drapery, all the outlines indicating great physical strength and activity, is opening with his hands the jaws of the savage animal, and thus saving the l.-nnb. The ' title.' and legend which begins at the left and runs round the bottom, are : — D.WIT • ►J" VRSVS OVEM LEDIT DAVIT IVVAT HVC QQ tEDlT. 'The bear hurts the sheep, David comes to the rescue, yea, he slays the bear.' 10. On the Cover. The Antitype: — Our Saviour's descent into himho (Linibin I'alniiii) to redeem the souls of the Patriarchs and ancient Prophets, commonly called ' The Harrowing of Hell.' Limbo is represented as a circular .space (the enamel of the ground of which, vermilion in colour, is in good preservation except at the lower end), surrounded by turreted walls, with Our Lord at one side, grasping in His left hand Adam, bj' his two hands. The expression of Adam's face indicates perfect peace and confidence in his Saviour, and he is closely followed by Eve, who, clasping Adam's waist, is supplicating to be taken also. They are thus being conducted to the exit door of the enclosure, which is cleverly indicated by a tower and part of a drawbridge, the entrance exactly opposite being shown in like manner. In the Saviour's right Hand is an Archbishop's crozier of archaic form, the butt-end of which is seen to be in the mouth of a demon (probably the ' .lannator ' of the Miracle-play described in the next page) who is sprawling on the ground ; his ' lodge ' being indicated by the tower with open door, at the top of the enclosure. immediately behind the nimbus around the Head of the Saviour ; or it may be that this treat- ment is intended to be figurative of the 'Jaws of Hell' (see the remarks on Hearne's print, page .OO). The office of Warder or ' Jannator ' of Hell was one of high trust, lopographicalh/ the highe.st in hell, yet very inferior in rank, and consequently filled by a devil of low degree. (Vione's Ancient Mi/steries Described: London, 18'2,'J, pp. 1.38-147.) It will be observed that down the side of the crozier are indications of dots, which may be intended to signify, or indicate, the nails with ornamented heads used to secure the outer casing of metal to the staff of wood, of which early croziers and pastoral staves were usually made. An example of the latter, the ' Bachull More,' will be found at page ~S of this volume, the illustration. Fig. '.28, distinctly sliowing traces of the ornamentation referred to. We have ventured to call the instnnnent in Our Lords Hands a crozier; for, were it a triumphal cross {see j). .50), it would most probably have had some indication of a banner, and it is most probable that the maker of the ciborium, who appears to have been well acquainted with all the niceties of the subjects he has delineated, would be anxious to dignify in every way such an emblem of episcopal power, and thus glorify the teaching of his Church. In Hone's book, referred to above, there is an impression (facing page l.'iS) of the original jilate of Christ's G .50 HISTOKICAL AM) I'EKSOXAL KELICS Df.icciit into //p//, enjjraved by Michael Hiir^lu-rs (flor. H)?*'- H).09) from an ancifiit drawing for Thomas Hearne. An earlier use of the same ))late will be found in Hearne's edition (Oxford, 1722) of Fordun's Scolichroiiicoii, vol. v. )>. I K),>. In this plate (see Fig. -Ki) Our Lord has in His left Hand what is known as the Cross of the Resurrection, with the Triumphal Banner, in form like a pennon, attached thereto; with this He is holding open the Jaws of Hell, out of which are n, 46. — hearne's print of thk descent into hell. issuing men and women. It is also worthy of remark that the cross in Burghers' engraving is stippled, to show tliat it is an attachment to the main stem, which, with the pennon, is cross- etched. In Hearne's print Our Lord's right Hand grasps Adam's right, Eve being depicted with both her hands, apparently, in Adam's left. The title of the scene, which is contained in an inscription enlireli/ in Gothic letters, is jesi's ciinisTi's resurgens a mortuis spoi.i at inkermm. Resuming the description of medallion Xo. 10, we further see three other demons, one of them presmnably Satan, cluttering and girning with impotent rage, ranged in line clo.se against the wall of the enclosure, helpless to prevent the removal of the Blessed ; while Abraham, Moses, David, and ,Iohn the Baptist, one of them with outstretched hands in an imploring attitude, are looking towards Our Lord.' The legend runs : — •i* MORS HOMINE STRAVIT DS HAt LIGAT IIVNC RELEVAVIT ' Death laid man low, the Lord binds the one and raised up the other.' ' The Harrowing of Hell ' was a favourite subject with the writers of Miraele-play.s. In the Advocates' Library, Edinburgh, there is in the Auchinleck Ms. a cop}- of a play bearing that name, held to be an older codex than that of the same pla\- in the British Museum — Harleian mss. 2253, No. 21 — which is supposed to have-been transcribed in the reign of Edward n. See also .Mr. J. O. Halliwell's edition of the Harleian Ms. of Tlic Ihirroiring of 1 1 ell, London : Jolni R. Smith, 1840. This Miracle-play has been regarded by some authorities as the most ancient sjiecinien of dramatic composition which exists in our language ; and an edition of the Harleian mss. version, limited to twenty-five copies, was printed, early in lS3y, by the late Mr. John Payne Collier.- Soon afterwards the Auchinleck Ms. version was edited by the late Mr. David Laing and ))rinted in Edinburgh, in July 183,5, bj'the Messrs. Ballantyne and Co., for the use of the fortunate |>ossessors of copies of Mr. Collier's edition, to aid them in comparing the texts. It is quite probable that the maker of the ciborium was well acquainted with this Miracle- ' Mr. Way refers to, though he is far from crediting, a tradition that the ciborium was at one lime in the possession of Malcolm Canmore (1058-1093), and though the weight of scientific proof is against it, an argument in favour of an earlier origin than the thirteenth century might be founded on the fact that in this medallion demons are present .nmong the blessed. The earlier belief of the Christian Church was that in Limbo, the place of intermediate rest where the righteous had to await Our Lord's coming, there were indeed demons, but in a state of impotence, while the later belief maintained that there were no demons in Limbo at all, and relegated them to another region — Hell. - In Jime 1836, Mr. Collier included, with four other?, T/ie Harrowiiii; of Hell m a privately printed collection of Miracle Plays or Scriptural Dramas. This 1836 edition was also limited to twenty-five copies. MEMORIALS OF MAR'S' QUEEN OF SCOTS 51 play in one of its many versions, and in his graphic cleHneation of the peaceful, satisfied mien of Adam, who, we can well see, feels himself quite safe in the Hands of his Redeemer, and of the imploring looks and attitude of Eve, lest she might be left behind, we seem to find a most powerful exponent of the text of the Play. To illustrate this more completely, we here reprint, from a copy in the Signet Librarj-, Edinburgh, of the excessively rare (1835) Edinburgh edition of the Auchinleck MS. version of The Harrowing oj Hell (for a knowledge of which we are indebted to the ever ready help of Mr. Thomas Graves Law), the opening lines of Adam's address to Our Lord on His coming among His people in Limbo, the whole of Eve's appeal for a like merciful consideration, and Our Lord's reply to them both : — ADAM DI.\IT. EUA AIT. Welcom, Lord God of lend, Knawe me, Lord, Ich am Euc Godes sone, and Godes sond ; Adam and Ich ware the so leue ; Welcom, Lord, mot thou be Thou jaue ous to ;eme paradis, Long haue5 ous thought after the : .\nd we it jemed as ^-nwise, Lord, seththen thou art comen to ous When we thi comandment forlele, Thou l)ring ous out of this hous. When we of that appel ete. Lord, thou wost what Ich am So long haue we ben here inne. Thou me schope of erthe man. That wele haue we bet our sinne ; And thou me clepetest sone, Adam : Leue Lord, 5iue ous leue. And 5if Ich haue sinnes wrought, Adam and [me] his wiif Eue, [For Y thyn heste hueld noht,] To fare out of this foul wike, Ful dere now here Ich aue hem bought. Into the blis of heuen rike. DOMIXLS AIT. Adam, V haue louen mi liif For the, and for Eue thi wiif ; Wenestow Ich adde ben ded for nought f For mi ded is mankin bought. Brackets [ ] denote a line, or word, in the Harleian Version, not found in the Auchinleck. 11. On the bowl. The Type: — Elijah taken up into Heaven. Elijah, his long hair, signifying his wonderful powers of endurance, shown flowing down his back, is standing in the fiery chariot, indicated by a cart of an archaic forni,^ to which are harnessed two horses, rearing upwards and preparing to leave the earth, is j)lacing his mantle in the hands of Elisha, who is represented in a sitting attitude. Around the head of Elijah is a nimbus indicative of the brilliancy of his triumphs — while the tear dropping from an eye reminds us of the pathos of his despondency. I he legend runs :^ ^ ujxevs iieli am cvrrvs levat ad theoriam. A fiery chariot bears Elijah up to the Beatific Vision.' I'J. On the cover. The Antitype : — The Ascension. Our Lord is represented with his feet lifted above the earth, in the act of blessing, entering the Heavens, the nimbus round his head being partly covered by a cloud. To his right are seen six of the Apostles, the two in the fore- ground bearing in their arms, pressed close to their sides, their Gospels. To the left, the Blessed Virgin and the remaining six Apo.stles. This medallion is encircled bj* the legend : — »J< QVO CAPVT ASCENDO MEA MEMBRA VENITE SEQVENDO. ' Whither I the Head ascend, there let my Members come and follow me.' Inside the cover {see Fig. 47, page 52) is a medallion 2j inches in diameter containing a half-length figure of Our Lord, with the Cross of the Holy Sepulchre, or Archbishop's Cross and book, giving the Benediction. Lapis lazuli enamel with stars, in clusters of three, for the sky ; the nimbus is ceridean blue graduated. Our Lord's vestments, pale blue merging into a darker shade in places, relieved with streaks of red; clouds which rise up to His Heart are suggested in shades of yellow, green, and dark blue. {See remarks on page 46.) Inside the bowl at the centre of the bottom (.see Fig. 48, page 52), is the Lamb, bearing the Cross of the Resurrection, with the Triumphal Banner, while from His Heart the Precious Blood flows into a chalice ; this has all been enamelled at one time, but the effects of a blow (.see page 4fi) have destroyed all traces of colour, except a small portion of blue in one comer of the banner. ' For a cart with wheels, and several other features, resembling the one in Medallion li, see Fig. I. — Char 1S (ESVS l'I.\ UVtlTVH UOSTI.X IHESVS. ' Thus, struck by blows upon the cheek, the Holy Victim Jesus is led .iway.' It will, in the first place, be admitted that there is a curiously suggestive similarity between the name ' .\lpais ' and the word ■ ahipis ' — nor will the importance of that similarity be lessened when we consider, first, that it was an ancient and common ]>ractice with artists of the period to introduce their names anagrannuatically ; and secondly, that the word ' alapa'' is one which the artist has gone out of his way to use, — the term employed for a ' buffet ' in the Vulgate render- ing of St. Matthew xxvi. 67, and St. Mark xiv, (i5 being ' colaphus.' It will further be noticed that Alpais in his mark, which we here repro- duce {sec Fig. 4.')) from the !2d edition, Dresden, Schoenfeld, 1877, of Dr. J. (i. 'J'hcodore Graesse's Guide lie I'timaleiir d'ohjels d'arl el de eiiriuxili oil Collection dcs iiioiiogrammcx . . . des cmaillciirs, S(C., uses 'Gothic ' and Roman letters indiscriminately, just as we find in thelegends round the medallions of the bowl and cover of the Kennet Ciborium {see Plates 11. and iii.). The whole character of the lettering on his mark agrees remarkably with that on the scrolls of the medallions. The Warwick Castle Ciborium is cited by Mr. Way {('nlnlugne, p. i'H) as resembling in many 1 Alapa was also the technical term applied to the blow yiveii by one actor to .-mother to excite the mirth of the audience: Juv, viii. 192; Mart. v. InI. ii. FIG. 49.— THE MARK OF ALPAIS, ESAMELLER OF LIMOGES. MEMORIALS OF MARY QLEEX OF SCOTS 53 of its details the Keiinet one ; as is one in the Louvre of 1 .Sth century work, bearing the name of the artist Alpais. A ciboriuni slightly smaller, but said to be similar in form, workmanship, and arrangement of subjects (several of the legends as given in the catalogue quoted below are identical with those on the Kennet ('il)orium), and to have belonged originally to Malmesbury Abbey, was shown by the Kev. G. \V. Braikenridge, in the Special Loan f^xhibition of Works of Art of the Medisval, Renaissance, and more recent periods. South Kensington Museum, June I8()!2, see No. 1101 of the revised eilition, January i8()3, of the Catalogue, edited by J. C. Robinson, F.S.A., and printed for Her Majesty's Stationery Office. Rhenish-German enamelled work of contemporary date somewhat resembles in molif, not in colouring or expression of features, some of that of the Limoges school ; (lerman workmen being doubtless employed in Limoges — the art of enamelling travelling from the East towards the West — just as they were in the early days of wood-engraving in Italy, where they exercised a most important influence upon the first development of that art.' To illustrate our meaning we reproduce (.vtr Fig. oO) one of a series of eighteen oblong plaques, which are found on six plates '-' of cliampleve enamel on copper, preserved in the Treasury of the Cathedral at Hildesheim. These plates (Register No. .'JO, of the recently issued, but undated, official catalogue, Kurzer Fi'ihrer dunk dcii Hildeshelmer Dom.schatz : Druck von August Lax im Hildesheim) formerly decorated an altar in the ' Bishop's Chapel' of the Cathedral, and their workmanship is authoritatively assigned to the twelfth-thirteenth century. They contain representations of scenes from the history of Our Lords life on earth; the one now selected for illustration as a fairly typical specimen being 'The Ascension,' which resembles in a remarkable degree, so far as the general disposition of the figures is concerned, the rendering of that event (see Plate in., medallion No. 12) on the Kennet Ciborium ; but after a close examination of these and the other figures on the Hildesheim plates, they will be found to be of conventional Rhenish-Cierman type, while those on the Kennet Ciborium are as markedly French. A. H. C] (lyO) Lent by lord um.koi u ok uihlkkui. A COVERED TANKARD OF AGATE, with silver-gilt mountings and handle, probably of Scottish workmanship, as they bear the plate-mark, a unicorn's head erased. It has some- times been called Queen Mary's Caudle cup. The ornaments on the handle are a lion's head and a rose, both in relief It measures 5 inches in height. Engraved in Way's Catalogue, p. 170. (177) Lent by lord balfoi-r of birleigh. RICHLY ORNAMENTED HANDLE OF BLOODSTONE, mounted with gold, exquisitely enamelled, and apparently of Italian workmanship. It seems to have been intended to form the handle of a fan of feathers, or some similar ornament. .\ circular fan of yellow ostrich feathers, tipped with red, appears in Mary's iiand in the jjortrait attributed to her in the Episcopal Palace at Gloucester. (179) Lent by lord b.\lf<)1-r of birleigh. FIG. 50.— THE ASCENSION. FKOM ONE OF THE SI.V PLATES OF GER.MAN CHAMPLEV^ ENAMEL, HILDESHEIM CATHEIIKAI. TREASURY. MARY STEWARTS HANDBELL, silver gilt. [It has been asserted that this was one of the objects of daily personal use by the Queen. It is certain that she was in the habit of using such a bell, and this may possibly have been the identical one whicli she had on her writing-table until the day of her de.ith at Fotheringhav. ' .See generally, Friediich Lippmann's y//,,- Jrl of ll'ooJ-Enp-avins in Italy in the Fifteenth Caitiin: English edition. Quaritch : London, 18SS. = The 'enamelled slabs ' of page 65 Uaedeker's Northern Germany, si.xth edition. 1S77 : all mention of which is omitted in llie last edition, 18S6, the ninth. ' revised and augmented.' 54 HISTOUKAL AM) PKKSOXAl. RELICS A detailed description of the handbell. ton;ether with conjectures as to the meaninfj of the figures engraved thereon, will be found at pp. 170-I7.'i of Mr. Way's Catalogue, where it is also figured ; but it is right to mention that subsequent examinations of the relic have not tended to confirm his theories, and it is now believed by competent judges that this bell is of more modern d:ite than was at one time siipiiosed. \. H. C] (180) Lent by i-ono bm.foiii of ui ui.fiKiii. .V very finely cut C'A.M1!.0 in BLOODS TON 1',, representinj; on one side the scourging of our blessed Lord, and on the other the Crucifixion. Our Lady .-mil .St. ,(ohn stand beside the Cross. It is set in agate, and attached to a necklace of twenty pieces of agate mounted in gold, which it is stated was worn by Queen Mary, and by her presented to Sir James Balfour. (iSi) Lent by lord dalfouh ok uurleiuii. FOUR SMALL SILVER SPOONS, belonging to the Queen Mary relics at Kennet (see p. -to). [The)' have a rat-tail on the bowl, and are engraved on back and front. They bear only one hall-mark. ^W « liicli has not been identified. A. J. S. H.] (178) Lent by loud ualkoiii ok ui hi.kioii. ROCK CRYSTAL JUG, mounted in silver gilt, presented by Queen Elizabeth to the Regent Mar for the baptism of one of his children. [On the top are the arms of Erskine and Murray parted per pale, the Countess having been one of the TuUibardine family. It bears the Edinburgh hall-mark Us) The maker's FIG. 51.- ROCK CRYSTAL JUG. punch is that of James Cok, who was deacon of the Incorporation of Goldsmiths in 1.5(io-15(J4.. The deacon's pinich is that of George Heriot — the father of the famous goldsmith to .lames vi. — who held the otiice of deacon from l.i(J.")-7. During these latter years the jug must have been made. A. J. S. B.] (SVr Fig. .")!.) (301) Lent 1)V SIIKHIKK EIISKINE Ml liliW. SILVER-(;iLT CIBORIUM. This vessel (.see Fig. :,S) measures II inches high, and has a cover which increases the height to ].5i inches over all. The cup itself is made in seven distinct parts, which are held together by means of a screwed rod which extends from the bottom of the lining (to which it is soldered) to the foot, where it is fixed by a nut. The cover is composed of two parts riveted together, while the handle is attached by a nut and screw. [It is known as Queen Mary's Cup, and is historically the most interesting piece of eliureli plate now in use in Scotland. It is said to have been the gift of Queen Mary to the Church of St. John the Baptist at Perth, where it is supposed to have been used as a Ciborium, and there is a tradition that in the riots which occurred upon the preaching of John Knox there on 11th May l.J.'<<), it was thrown into the street, and was picked up by a woman who concealed it in her father's grave till more peaceful times, when it was given back to the Church. Its workmanship has been further attributed to Benvenuto Cellini, and it is said that it was given by the Pope to Queen Mary. This is the traditional history of the chalice. An examination of the history of the period, of the Cup itself, and of the Kirk-Session records, reveals enough to destroj- this statement on many ])oints, and a little that inferentially confirms it. First : with regard to the tradition which connects it with (Jueen Mary, it must be recollected that at the time it was supposed to be given, the Queen was in France : she did not land in Scotland till the l!)th August l.")()l : but it might have been the gift of her mother. Mar}- of CJuise. The supposition as to its primarily having been a gift from the Pojie may MEMORIALS OF MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS 55 have originated fnmi the fact that the Popes were frequently in the habit of presenting gifts to the Scottisli nioiiarchs. The Sceptre and the Sword of State of our national Regalia are the gifts respectively of Pope Alexander vi. and Pope Julius ii. Second : as to its having been the work of Benvenuto Cellini, it may be remarked that the design and execution of the lower portion of the cup is distinctly of the (Jerman rather than of the Italian school of metal-work. An exaijiination of the workmanship of both the Cup and the cover reveals some curious facts. The upper portion of the body of the Cup is decorated with a different style of work altogether from the lower. While the latter is executed in repousse, pretty bold in relief, the former is decorated with engraved ornament. The use of both these methods of decoration on the same piece of work was by no means uncommon among the goldsmiths of the sixteenth century. Several considerations may liave led to this. In producing repousse work, the goldsmiths of that period invariably used very thin plate, and not unfrequently, as in the case of this Cup, they had to insert an inside lining of thicker metal to give it structural stability. It is the portion immediately above and attached to this lining which is engraved. In some cases it was also desirable to have a hit-., 52. — DETAILS OF GROTESQUE ORNAMENT, QUEEN MARYS CUP. comparativelv smooth interior to a vessel of this kind — particularly if it was to be used for a liquid^in order to facilitate the process of cleansing it. For either or both of these reasons the art of engraving, as well as that of re])ousse, may have been used upon this Cup when it was oi-iginally made. It may be noted that in the designs of Virgil Solis (bom in I,') 14, died in 1562), to which it bears a most striking resemblance, both these arts are included, as well as that of introducing cast figures or heads, which are also to be found in this Cup. It may further be remarked that although the quality of the engraving is fine, yet it does not attain to the superlative excellence of the repousse work. Upon the rim of the bowl of the Cup is engraved FOR THE KIRK OP" PE.VRTH. This inscription, it may be noted, is the work of a different and much less skilful engraver than the one who cut the ornament, and is undoubt- edlj- Scottish. The body bears no hall-mark, and only shows the wriggled line on three separate parts where a small portion has been removed with the gi-aver, so that the quality might be tested ; but excepting this it bears all the traces of having been made at Nuremberg. Tliere are several cups still in existence with which it may be compared : notably two : one exhibited at Soutli Kensington by Baron de Rothschild, with the date l.")()8 assigned to it, and another bronze cup in the South Kensington Collection, said to be the work t>f Virgil Solis. The embossed flowers on the base of the Perth (iq) resemble the former, while the bodv of the Perth Ciiji resembles FIG. 33. — QUEEN MAKVS CUl'.' 56 HISTOKICAL AM) PERSONAL RELICS the latter. It is evident from the ilesijjn th;it it was not intended for ecclesiastical jmrposes : the delicately worked fjrotesc|tics and satyrs preclude this (xcc Fifj. 52). The cover is a remarkable combination. Unquestionably it was orijfinally the cover of another and smaller cu)). It is engraved with a curious scene, in which monkeys, birds, and 'fishes are introduced among floral FIC. St. CL'f riK NUKBMBEKG MANUFACTt'RK. FIG. 55. CVr WITH LONDON HAM. MARK, 161O-II, FIG. 56. CUP WITH LONDON HALL MARK ctF 1611-1 scrolls wiiich issue from a vase. The handle is composed of coiled serjicnts delicately modelled. This cover measures 4| inches in diameter ; but as 5 J inches were required for the chalice, an additional portion has been riveted (not soldered) to it. This addition is undoubtedly Scotch work. The pattern on one of the mouldintrs is almost identical in design, and exactlv similar in the peculiar method by which it was jjroduced to that on many communion cups manufac- tured in Scotland between 1()20 and l6-tO. Above the moulding is a vertical border, on which are soldered twelve cast-silver masks — cruden, and (2) the Crucifixion, each with its own appropriate legend. The space between these designs is pierced witli ojicn work for the esca])e of the sound when the hammer strikes the silver bell which fills the hollow of the cranium, for the watch is a repeater. I ili. 5S.— OLISIDE VIEW Oe (^UEEN MAKV'S ' UEATh'S'HKAU ' WATCH, AND OF ITS SIIAOKKEN CASK, The workmanship is admirable throughout. A watch of similar design but of inferior workman- ship of about the year KJOO, and of Swiss origin, may be seen in the Department of Antiquities in the British Museum, to which it was presented by Lady Fellowes in 1874. The Seton timepiece has been figured in Wood's Curiosities of Clocks and Watches.' {See Figs. .57 and 58.) (182) Lent by sni r. n. dkk lauokii, haiit. MEMORIALS OF MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS 59 WATCH, of octagonal form, the case of which is of rock crj-stal. The key bears the Crown and Scej)tre over the initials M.Il. It is said to have belonged to Queen Mary, and to have been given by Lord Seton to the family of Fingask, in whose possession it has long continued. It is in good preservation and in working order. It has only one hand, and bears no ornaments whatever. \^_ (205) Lent by w. murh ay THREn»i..\ND. FIG. 59. — fiOl-D \V.\TCH BV Hl'RERT OF ROUEN. FIG, 60. — n.\CK VIEW OF WATCH BV HUBERT OF ROUEN. GOLD WATCH and Key, by Etienne Hubert a Rouen (with cat-gut instead of chain movement), given by Queen Mary to Massie, one of her attendants at Fotherin- ghay, on the day before her execution. Of this watch Sir John Leslie in a letter to Dr. M'Crie (M'Crie's Life of Knox, Supplemeiif), says: — 'I have had the opportunity of inspecting an antique watch, through the politeness of Mr. J. Scott, late chemist in Edinburgh, the lineal descendant of a Frenchman of the name of Massie, who, having attended Queen Mary into Scotland, had received the relic from his mistress. It is a small round gold watch, scarcely exceeding an inch in diameter, and made by Hubert in Rouen.' (See Figs. 59 and 60.) (184) Lent by j. s. fraser tytler. GOLD WATCH, which is said to have belonged to Mary Stewart. It is oval in shape, and no maker's name is visible. The works have nearly all gone. (206) Lent bj- w. mirrav threipland. GOLD SOLITAIRE, set with diamonds, rul)ies, and pearls, surrounding the enamelled figure of Cupid trying to catch a mouse. On the obverse is the motto : ' Simplex appares, simplicitate cares.' This jewel was given before their marriage by the Dauphin to Queen Mary, who, in a portrait which was in the possession of David, eleventh Earl of Buchan, is represented as wearing it. The possession of this solitaire, together with the watch (184), can be traced to Scott the chemist, lineal descendant of the Queen's attendant, Massie. (See Fig. 61.) (185) Lent by j. s. fraser tytler. AN ANTIQUE GOLD CROSS PENDANT, exqui.sitely enamelled on front and back, and set with twelve fine rubies. A central cross is formed by six large Scottish pearls, surmounted by other pearls, two emeralds, and five rubies. The back is enamelled in black and gold. It is believed to be an authentic relic of Queen Mary ; and a few years ago was valued by the Court of Session at £300. (183) Lent by f. g. d. gibson. FIG. 61. — GOLIl SOLITAIRE. TAZZA WITH COVER, of Limoges enamel, painted by Jean Court dit V'igier, bearing the arms of Queen Mary surmounted by the Crown of the Dauphin. Said to have been presented by Francis 11. to his bride Mary Stewart, and hence called ' Mary Queen of Scots Betrothal Cup.' On the lid of the tazza (,v(t Fig. 62) is represented the Triumph of Diana, who, seated in an ornamental car drawn by a pair of stags, is accompanied by her troops of nymphs and greyhounds. 60 HISTORICAL AND rKUSUNAJ. RELICS Within the cup is a representation of the repast of the gods on the occasion ot tlu- marriage of Cupid and Psvclie (sec Fig. (>;>), said to he in some rcsjjocts a copy of tlie famous fresco by Uaphael. An inscription reads, 'A Lyniogcs jiar Jelian Court (lit \'igicr, lj.j(j.' One Jelian de Court was attached to the Court of (^uccn Mary in Scotland, and it seems probable that it was he who executed this tazza. Subsequently he became Court painter to Charles ix. of P'rance. The cover is engraved on page i.'i.'} of Bmty's Chefs-d' aiirre of Ihe ImliixIrinI .liix, edited by W. Chaffers, F.S. A. (London : Chapman I'v Hall. 18f)9. 1 vol. 8vo.) The British Museum possesses two admirable specimens of the taste and skill of this artist, viz. : a Crucifixion, in Limoges enamel on cojiper. about 15.50, and the sides of a casket (eight pieces) representing the history of .Joseph, with the authentication, '.A Lymoges ])ar Jehan Court (lit \igier, 1555.' (i86) I^ent by J<>n\ mm.coi.m. FIG. 62. —TOP OF THE COVKR OF 'QUEEN MARV's UKTKOTHAl. Cff.' TWO SILVJ'LK CUPS, the jjroperty of Queen Mary ,Stewart and Henry Darnley, by whom they were used at their marriage. Each bears the inscription : ' mauia et henric. pei oka. 11. ET R. scoTORV.,' the letter R. in each instance being an addition above the line; and also the Heraldic Coat and Badges of the (^ueen and King, with the motto, ' dat oi.oria vhies,' and the date I5()7. (i80a) Lent by sni wm.liam a. eraser, hart. FHJdUEE SILVER CUI', which belonged to Mary Queen of Scots. (187) Lent l>y ja.mes t. pitcairn. FILIGREE SILVER CLl', whicii belonged to Mary Queen of Scots. Purchased at Lady Belhaven's sale. It formerly stood in the Queen Mary Cabinet, now the projjcrty of Mr. .John Watson of Eamock. Xos. 187 and ISS are exactly similar and make a pair. (188) Lent by mrs. e. .scott. ' Till', BLACK ALMRIE,' also known as Queen Mary's Almrie, a beautiful specimen of Dutch cabinet work in walnut, rosewood, and ebony, with carved masks, etc., and ivon- inlaid work representing two Roman soldiers killing a bear. Height, 6 feet (i inches ; widtli, 5 feet 9 inches. It came from Lochleven Castle into the possession of a l.ibourer who resided on the MEMORIALS OF MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS 61 shore of Loclileven, from whom it was obtained by the lender's father about 1830. There would seem to have been at least two, and possibly three, black almries in the neighbourhood of Milnathort, near Lochleven, between the years IS.'iO and ISM. One is reported to have been at Castiehill, a farm between Ledlanet and Nether Craigie, then tenanted by a family of the name of Robertson ; another at the pendicle of Moreknowe, close to Ledlanet, then owned by Lawrence Raeburn, or Hepburn ; and the third — if indeed it was a third, and not just one or other of the accredited two — in the possession of Annie Martin, a humble cottager residing in the village of Milnathort. The grander, or grandest, was allowed to be at Castiehill, and was distinguished by a carving on the front of it representing human figures standing with drawn swords. It seems, however, to be admitted that this almrie came from the house of Lawrence Hepburn of Moreknowe, in tiie parish of Orwell, distant about four miles fi'om the brink of Lochleven. (189) Lent by sin nof.i. i'\tox. FIG. 63. — INSIDE VIEW OF *QUEEN MARYS BETROTHAL GUI'." CARVING, from Linlithgow I'alace, size about 18 inches by IS inches. It r^resents a ' Unicorn, chained and gorged, witli a royal crown, bearing a banneret, and surrounded by some roughly executed ornament. Portions of the old painting still remain. It formerly stood over the door of the chamber in Linlithgow I'alace in which Mary Stewart was born, and was presented to the lender's father in KS.'J.").' (190) Lent by sir noel p.\ton. SMALL CASKET, containing a portion of the hair of Queen Mary. It belonged to the late Lady Belhaven,and formed a small portion of the lock subsequently bequeathed by Robert, eighth Lord Belhaven, to Her Majesty the Queen, for a note on which xce p. 45. (192) Lent by john watson. PIECE OF TAPESTRY wrought by Mary Stewart while a prisoner in Lochleven Castle. Brought from France as a genuine memorial of the Scottish Queen by Rev. .Mr. \ allant, minister of the jiarish of Kingsbarns, Fife, who, in 1777, gave it to Mr. Bonthrone, in whose family it has remained until recent years. ('94) Lent by r. r. maxwell through john m\clauciilan. 02 HISTORICAL AND PERSUXAI. KEhlCS INLAID CHKST OR COFFHU, which orifrinally belonged to (Juciii Mary. It is of maniuetry, i)rofiiscly cincrfd uitli brass ornaments, chiefly in foliafjc work of elef;ant design and execution. C)i) the (Queen's departure from C'ad/ow Castle to the unfortunate battle of Langside, FIG. 64. — INLAID CHEST Olt COFFKR. this article was left behind her and became the property of the Regent, the I'^arl of Mar, from whom it descended to the late Lord Belhaven. It was acquired by Mr. John Watson of Ivirnock in December 187.'}. (See Fig. (i-t.) (iQi) Lent by joiiN watson. ANCIENT PIECE OF TAPESTRY, traditionally known as Queen Mary's screen. It represents incidents in the Biblical history of Rehoboam and Jeroboam. The costume is of much interest as illustrative of the dress of the period wlun this tapestry was executed. It formed part of the tapestry which is mentioned in the inventory of the moveables of the Queen Regent in Sej)teniber l.")()l, where it is described as 'a Tapestry of the history of Roboam, con- taining four pieces.' It is again noticed in 1578 in another inventoiy, in which it is said to con- sist of five pieces. It appears from an old diary that this screen was procured in 1691 on behalf of a certain William Hogg, merchant in Edinburgh, in exchange for a kitchen range, valued at five shillings. It is engraved in The Lci.\iirc Hour for January lS7i2. (See Plate iv.) (193) Lent l)y n. scott monchiefk. ESCRITOIRI':, with the Royal Arms of Scotland and the Cipher of .Mary Stewart, ' M.R.', formerly her propert)-. It subsequentlj' came into the possession of an ancestor of the present owner at Castle Menzies, which was built early in the rosed to have been worked by her and her atten- dants during her imprisonment at Fotheringliay. The Scottish thistle in white silk forms the very eflcctive ornament on the green velvet surface. (.See Plate v.) (195) Lent by the uow\ DC O H G W en O PL, c, CO a z o <: Q U] (H a Q O ca ft- Ciiilili', invented by Granjon himself. I FIG. 68.— SMALL OAK CHAIR. 66 HISTOKICAL AND I'ERSOXAl. JIEI.ICS to bi' (lelivi-red to her confessor. I5v liini il was deposited in the library of Douay Colk-ffc, and thence foinid its way to the library of tiie Jesuits' ('olle and jM for Francis and Mary, which occurs also in the Kennct Bell (.vcf ISO, jjp. oii-.') i) and on the (Queen's Signet Ring. The nature and significance of this monogram have been investigated with great detail by Mr. Albert Way in his Ciil((logiic, p. 17 1.) (See Fig. 69.) (216) Lent by the marqiess of Lorni.w. ARCHBISHOP BE.VTONS BIBLE. ' Biblia Latina. Lutetise ex offieina Robert! Stephani, typographi Regii. m.d..\lv. Cum privilegio Regis. 8vo.' 2 vols. Volume Second only : no title-page. This copy belonged to James Beaton, the last Roman Catholic Archbishop of Glasgow, at the time of the Reformation. His arms are on both sides surrounded by the inscription 'J.\cobvs A. Betovn AucniEPiseoins Glasgvensis 1!>.K,' with armorial motto Pereiindum ul Uncus. {See Plate vii.) This is a very rare and somewhat remarkable edition of the Latin Bible. It is ])ractically a reproduction of the famous Bible of Zurich (fol. Tiguri.C. Froschoverus, l.^^.'i). The Latin version of the O. T. for that edition, except a small part done by Theodorus Bibliander, was made by a Zuinglian Jew, who styled himself Leo Jud;c. The Apocrypha was translated by Pierre Cholin : the New Testament is the version of Erasmus revised by Cholin and Rodoljjhe Ciualther. In the present edition Stephens prints the Vulgate and the Zurich text in parallel columns indiedded in an apparatus of notes. The notes passed under the name of Vatable, the eminent Professor of Hebrew at the Royal College of Paris, but were in reality, it is said, almost wholly a compilation of Stephens himself, friun the notes of Calvin. Miinster, and others. By the death of Francis i., .Stephens lost his greatest friend and ])rotcctor. One parly in the Church had all along been hostile to him. [jriiieipally on account of this and his other editions of the Bible, which were alleged to have too nmch of a Calvinistic leaning: and now they managed to get a stop put to their sale. He and his workmen were subjected to many annoyances, and ultimately, in 1552, he fled to Geneva, where lie resided and carried on business during the rest of his life. PLATE VI. Q O < o m X H O X o CO o o n I Pi PLATE VII. BIBLE OF ARCHBISHOP BEATON. .MEMORIALS OF MAllV QUEEX OF SCOTS 07 As will be remembered, it is to Stephens that we owe the present division of the Bible into verses, which he made while on a journey from Paris to Lyons in 1548. James Beaton, nephew of the Cardinal, was preferred to the See of Glasgow in 1551. He was a friend of Queen Mary, opposed to reform, and of course unpopular with the Protestants. They had, however, little or nothing to say against him personally. Knox calls him ' that proud prelate.' He retired to Paris when the storm burst out, taking with him the Episcopal muni- ments and treasures, which he deposited in the Scots College there. He took a lively interest in Scottish affairs, and kept up an active correspondence with Queen Mary. He likewise acted as Ambassador for King James vi. until his death in l(JOi!. His Chamberlain at the time of the Reformation was Thomas Archibald, Rector of Cardross, with whom he likewise regularly corre- sponded after his withdrawal to Paris. In 1598, on account of the ' great honours done to his Majestic and the country by the said archbishop in exercising and using the office of ambassadoir, he was restored to his heritages, honours, dignities, and benefices.' He was much esteemed in France and by his own countrymen. He was buried in the Church of St. Jean de Lateran, Paris, within the precincts of which he had lived for forty-five years. (295) Lent by h. g. Armstrong. LOCHABER AXE, which was found in Lochleven Castle. (278) Lent by w. mlrrav threipland. KEY, found in Lochleven, believed to be one of the three keys thrown into the water on the night of the Queen's escape from Lochleven Castle. The stem of the key is hollow. (298) Lent by Robert browx. VTRGINALS, which belonged to Lady Marie Stewart, Countess of Mar, cousin to the Queen. There are twenty-nine white notes on the key-board. No maker's name is visible. The inside of the lid is decorated with representations of Orpheus charming the wild beasts, a hunting scene, and a lake. (299) Lent by sheriff erski.ne mlrrw. CARVED EBONY CABINET, which is 30 inches high, 3 feet 7 inches wide, and has a depth of Hi inches, and is said to have belonged to Lady Marie Stewart. It is of admirable workmanship, apparently French. (3°°) Lent by sheriff erskine murhav. QLAICH (or Drinking Cup), made from the wood of the yew-tree which was planted by Mary Stewart in Murray Garden, Canongate, Edinburgh, about the year 15(iO. This Quaicli remained for many years in the possession of the family of Crawford of Doonside, Ayr. (274) Lent by the tow.v colxcil of irvine through james dk kie. THREE BRONZE CANNON, used in the Battle 01 Langside (fought May 13, J56"8). These pieces are octagonal in external section ; one is 4 feet in length, the other two 3 feet 5 inches, and each has a bore of 1 inch. They each bear a shield, that on the longer piece being charged with the three cinquefoils of the Hamiltons. The letters I. H. are at each side of the shield, and there are three indistinct initials under it. One of the smaller pieces is burst 15 inches from the muzzle. (275) Lent by the dike of iiamu.tos. k.t. CANNON BALL, from the Battlefield of Langside, found near Langside Church during some excavations made there in 1SS(). This and the similar ball next mentioned are hollow iron castings filled with lead about 2i inches diameter, weighing 26 oz. (276) Lent by the rev. joiin w. ritchie. CANNON BALL, found on the Battlefield of Langside, turned up by the plough in ISd"}) from about one foot beneath the surface. Referred to by A. M. Scott in his book upon the Rattle of Langside. (306) Lent by a. sweet. 08 IIISTOUR AL AND PEKSOXAL RELICS via. 70. — £M0ROIDERED CLOVE. KMBROIDEREI) GLOVE, believed to have lucn i)reseiitetl by Queen Mary 011 tlu- niorniiifr of her execution to ManiiiKhikc Darell, Citntle- nian. Master of tlic House- liold at Fotheringhay Castle, who was in attendance on her upon that daj-, February H, 1 580-7. This glove is of light buff leather, embroid- ered with silver wire and silks of various colours. The roses are pale and dark blue silk ; gauntlet lined with crimson velvet. Engraved and described by ^V. B. Redfarn in the /icZ/V/w/n/, April 188'2. (See Fig. 70.) (244) Lent by the trustees of the saffron walden museum, at the request of colonel davrell. •THE EXAMYNACIOUN AND DEATH OF MARY THE QUEEN OF SKOTTES, anno 1586, 8 February,' signed by R. Wynkfeild, edited by C. Dack. (247) Lent by charles dack. GUNTON (SYMON). HISTORY OF THE CATHEDRAL OF PETERBOROUGH Lond. 1686, fol., containing an account of the burial of Queen Mary Stewart, pp. 7.'?-S0. (248) Lent by charles ija( k. WATER COLOUR DRAWING, by a Dutch artist, representing the execution of Maiy Stewart, with an inscription in Dutcli, of wiiich the following is a translation: — 'On the eighth of February was belicatk-d .Mary (Juecn of Scots, she dying a Roman Catholic. Having endeavoured to provoke rebellion .ind to make herself master of England, she was proved guilty of the same by the Court of Parliament, anno 1587.' It represents her as in the act of being beheaded. One executioner holds her hands, in wliich is a crucifix, while the other with lifted axe is about to strike. The Dean of Peterborough, in a red gown, is preaching. The Queen's dresses are being burnt. Of the persons in the Hall four are on their knees, while all the othei-s wear their hats. (250) Lent by t. j. walker, >i.». 'COLLECTIONS RELATHE TO THE FUNERALS OF MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS,' a volume printed at I-ldinburgh in 18i.'i2 by W. and D. Laing, witli additional engravings. (279) Lent by a. \v. mikdocm. MUSIC, said to have been played during the execution of Maiy Stewart. Taken from a manuscript at Oxford, with a description by ' Cuthbert Bede.' 'There is no mention of music in any of the minute contemporary accounts of her execution ; it is more probable that it was jjlayed to amuse the peojjle who thronged the courts of the castle without ; and it is a remarkable fact that this air, which, according to the slow time arranged, produces the most solemn and jiathetic effect conceivable, is discovered, when played fast, to be the old popular tune called "Jumping Joan," invariably played in those days, and sung with appropriate words, to brutalise the rabble at the burning of a witch. The adagio arrangement, however, proves that if this detestable exercise of malice were decreed by Mary Stuart's foes to embitter her last moments, it was defeated by the band performing it in the solemn style of church music, as a funeral march.' — Miss Strickland's Man/ Stuart, 185(), vol. vii. p. ■1-87. (280) Lent by the I'ETERBORoutin natural, scientific, and arch^ological societn . ORIGINAL LETTER, of King .lames the First, by which, after reciting that he had coni- niandcd a memorial of his -dearest mother' to be made in his Ciuirch of Westminster, the place MEMORIALS OF MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS «9 where the Kings and Queens of this nation are usually interred, he authorises the removal of her bod v from the tomb in Peterborough Cathedral to her said monument in Westminster Abbey. The King '^Qf^^-^}^ ^.^ ^ ^U/^ry.'J trii-Qrt ,A%^ {/L>^v6,/ G,h>-mJ '^^SaJf rvo^y^rr, 2^^-^ c^ /t/yv^t—tf ^ ,. cTo rS> \f7^ <6W ftp>K>' ^ Fit;. 71.— KtNG James's letter relating to interment of queex makv in westmin: STEK ABBE%*. then iJioceeds:-' And for tliat there is a pall now upon ye herse over her grave, whicli wil be requisite to be used to cover her said body in the removing thereof, which may }>erhapps be deemed as a fee that slioid."i<). With the seal of Queen Marj- of Guise. (258) Lent by lord doningtox. LETTER, of Queen Mary Stewart and Henry Darnley, to the Laird of Rowallan, stating that their rebels and disobedient subjects have taken up armour, and mean to per\ert the whole state of the commonwealth, to prevent which they summon him to be at Stirling on the last of September. Dundee, 14 Sept. 1565. Signed, Marie R., Henry R. {See Plate viii.) (259) Lent by lord doningtox. LETTER, from Queen Mary, to the Laird of Rowallan. She informs him of her escape from prison, and requests him to meet her with his men in warlike array on Saturday next, the Sth inst., at eight o'clock before noon. Hamilton, ()th of [May 156S]. Signed. (262) Lent by lord doningtox. LETTER, of Queen Mary Stewart, to tlie Laird of Rowallan. After thanking him for his good mind and constancy, she proceeds thus : ' We are mervelous wiell traited, with sik freedome in hunting and all other pastimes as we list.' She expects the return of Lord Herries from the Court at London 'this night or the morn, when we shall be further advertised.' Carlisle, 10 June 156s. Signed. (260) Lent by lord doningtox. LETTER, from Queen Mary, to the Laird of Rowallan. She thanks him for his great constancy in her service, and doubts not that he will continue in the same, as (with the grace of Ciod) when she is restored to her own right, he shall think his own good and faithful service well bestowed. Thanks be to God she is in good health and assures him of the same. Lord Fleming arrived on the oth inst. from London and is now in Scotland, who will tell the laird more amply the news of this country. Carlisle, 7 July 1568. P.S. — Lord Herries has written to her that the Queen [Elizabeth] had declared to him that she had written to ray Lord of Murray expressly that he use no further extremity against the laird, and her favourers and true subjects. .Signed. (264) Lent by lord doninotox. LETTER, from Queen .Mary, to the Laird of Rowallan. She understands his good mind and service towards her declared by Lord Boyd, for which she thanks him, and hopes in God shortly to remember the same by her own presence at the conference at York betwixt her Commissioners and those of Queen Elizabeth (where her rebels have been heard and found nothing to their 72 HISTORICAL AND PERSONAL RELICS advantage) ; her affairs are proceeding in good manner and well advanced. Queen Elizabeth lias in the meantime desired her to send some of her Lords to her [Klizahcth] as some of the rehels will be there; so she has sent tiie Bisiiop of Ross [Leslie], Lord 1 lorries, and the AI)i)ot of Kilwinning. She will make him [Rowallan] j)artiei)):iiit oi tlu- fiirtiur course thereof .-md reserves the rest to her next advertisement. Bowtoun, 23 Oct. 15(i8. Signed. (261) Lent 1)_V LORD DOMNIiTOX. LETTER, from Queen .Mary, to the Laird of Kowallan. Understanding his diligence and good will to the setting forward of her affairs and authority, she is mueli rejoiced of the same, and prays him to continue his good proceedings. She may not write her mind to him at this jiresent as amply as she would do, for diverse weighty considerations, and esjiecially because her writings are connnonly taken bj- the way. Hut as reg.irding the Earl of Murray's doings, she hopes he will not use extremity so hastily; and if lie does, she asks the Laird of Rowallan to spare nothing, neither for fear nor fair promises. He need not be afraid of the Earl's boist [threats] but should begin, nor thole nothing. Within two days she will despatch the Laird of CJarlie towards him [Rowallan] with other jiarticulars, bj- whom he shall be resolved of all doubts, and to whom he shall give credit. .Mbeit she be transported to Tutbury he shall take no fear thereof Her cousin the Duke of C'hatheraidt has tane his leave already from the Court, and is on his way to be at him [RowallanJ shortly. Commits him to the protection of God Almighty. Rotrem [Rotherham], the penult of January 1 .">()8 [Jan. 30, L")()()]. 'Your good friend, Marie R.' (-63) Lent by lord donington. LETTER, from Queen Mary, to the Laird of Rowall.-m. '^'esterday she despatched Lord Boyd to the Queen of England, and she will shortly send him into Scotland with such news as will be to the contentment of her friends. Queen I'.lizaluth has written to the Earl of Murray and Mr. .lohn Wod, his servant, that he trouble none of Queen Mary's faithful subjects, 'dis- regarding their braging.' Lord lioyd will till more. W'ingdfield [sic], 18 May 1569. Signed. (266) Lent b}' lord donington. LETTER, from Queen Marv, to the Laird of Row;ill;in. .She could not inform him of her estate this long time bypast through her stniit [custody occasioned] by their false reports and wicked inventions. Queen Elizabeth has granted passport to Queen Mary's servants, the present bearers, to pass into Scotland and to return to her. She trusts that when Elizabeth considers the sincere dealing of the writer she will restore her to her realm and authority, as well on account of her own sincere dealing as for the request of the Kings of France and Spain who will not leave her in necessity, they being victorious over their rebels. She prays her friends to abide j)atiently. as she does. Tutbury, 22 .lanuarv l.'ifif) [LOTO]. Signed. (265) Lent by lord noNiNciioN. LETTER, of (^ueen Mary, to the Laird of Rowallan. The Bishoj) of Ross, her Ambassador with Queen Eliz;d)eth, and the Connuissioners for the Scottish nobility and herself, have been from hour to hour certified of the good demonstration made by (^iieen Elizabeth and her Council for the ap|)ointment. The Commissioners of the other ])arty having arrived, siie is in good hope to be hastily among them. She urges them not to stay for any particular respects to declare themselves as they are, as the Laird of Grange, the Captain of her castle of Edinburgh, and others have done. She asks Iiim to .•uf in union with her other friends. Sheffield. 13 March l.iTO [1571]. Signed. (.Src Fig. 7.">.) (267) Lent by lord donington LETTER, from Queen Mary, to Tor(|uil Madeod of the Lewis. When he, Torquil, the heir- apparent, was about twenty-one years of age, and solicited in marriage to a daughter of one of his neighbour island chiefs. Queen Mary was induced to interest herself in his marriage. She desires him not to engage himself without her previous consent. Inverary, 24 July 15C3. (26S) Lent by smrripf tiioms, f.s.a.scot. PLATE VIII. < -1 .-J < o Cb O Q <; w EG H O H « ■J Z ej <: Q Pi Z w a z <: >i ei .58. Signed, ' Marie R.' (Mary of (iiiise, niotiier of Mary Stewart). (360) Lent by the mahqiis of unE\nAi.i)\NK. MAN'D.\TE, addressed to [,rohn, third Lord Hay of Yester?]. requiring him to deliver John Pol, Englishman, and (blank) Douglas ; the former to John Swinton of that Ilk and George Hume of Alton, Wardens of the East March, and the latter to Andrew Ker of Ferniehurst, Warden of the Middle March, Linlithgow, 21st March, 26 Jas. [v.] Signed. (^71) Lent by the MAiigtis of twkkddai.k. LETTP2R, of Queen Mary, to the eH'ect that the Horough of Linlithgow being required to furnish thirty men of war for the ariiiv wliith is to meet on Fallaw Muir on the second of October next, she grants them licence ' to remain and bide at liame fra the said army and raid.' Edinburgh, 21 Sept. \'> Mary. Signed by the Queen Dowager, Mary of Guise. A i)ortion of a signet of red wax remains. (j^^Z2i) '-''"t bv the town (oincii. ok i.im.itiu.ow. LETTER, from Queen M.iry, ' to the Sheriffs and inhabitants of Linlithgow.' She recites that whereas she had granted them licence ' to bide at liame fra the army devised to convene at Fawlay Muir' on 3d September, they promising to pay £100 for the same, yet divers inhabitants will not pay their part ; — therefore she now orders them to chose stentars for stenting the said inhabitants to pay the composition, according to the Roll to be taxed thereon. Dat. Edinburgh, vij Sept. Ki Mary. Signed by the Queen Dowager, Mary of Guise. A portion of the seal remains. (1034) Lent bv the town council of linmtiiuow. LICF:NCI:, by Queen Mary, to Patrick Haket of Pitfyrran, and the tenants of his Coal Pits of Crunnny and Knoekess, To sell the Smydde Coal, and transport the same out of the kingdom. 2d July 1565. Countersigned by Secretary Maitland. The original privilege was renewed by Queen Anne in 1706, and ratified by Parliament in 1707. The privilege was purchased from the family by the Government in I7SS, for £l-0,00(). (1360) Lent by siu akthlu halkett, uaiii. PRECEPT, by Francis, Earl of Bothwell, 1 7th October l.">89, enjoining the tenants of St. Thomas's Chapel, Kelso, to make payment to .lohii Naismyth, the King's surgeon. (304) Lent by david .Mimrw , L1..1), BOND, known as the ' Pasement Bond/ by which a number of young Scottish nobles bound themselves to refrain from wearing a certain style of dress, with signatures of Lennox and Richmond, Mar, Lyndsay, Blantyre. and others. Dated at Edinburgh (ith of May l.^O^. (1357) Lent by sheriff erskine murka^. PORTRAITS OF QUEEN MARY PERIOD PORTRAITS OF QUEEN MARY AND OF OTHERS CON NECTED WITH HER PERIOD AND HISTORY PORTRAITS, ill Oil, of King James v. of Scotland and his wife. Queen Marj- of Guise, the father and mother of Queen Mary Stewart. He is represented wearing a fur-lined cloak with furred sleeves. He holds between his thumb and first finger a jewel, which hangs by a chain of gold from his neck. His dress is apparently cut square at the neck. The Queen wears a dress cut in the same pattern, the sleeves of which are lined with crimson. She holds a flower. Her neck is unusually long. The hair of both is of a yellow colour. The arms, Scot- land impaling Lorraine, occur. At the top is the Scottish Lion, with two unicorns as supporters. A defaced inscription, apparently, ' In my defence," may be traced. The following legend occurs : ' Jacobus Quintus Scotorum rex, anno aetatis suae 28, Maria Lothoringia illius in secundis nuptiis uxor, anno aetatis suae 24.' [The portrait of James v. which appears in this work is of the most absolute authenticity. It is similar in general type to that cabinet-sized portrait of the monarch alone at Windsor. The type was adopted in the engraved portrait in Jonston's Iiiscript'wnes, l602, and preserved in the subsequent engraved portraits founded upon that print. The portrait of the Queen here given is her best-authenticated likeness ; but Mr. George Scharf now considers that the painting in the National Portrait Gallery, London, formerly known as ' The Fraser-Tytler Portrait of Mary Queen of Scots,' represents her mother, Marj' of Lorraine, who appears in the present picture. See his letter on the ' Portraits of Mary Queen of Scots,' Times, 7th May 1888 ; and also the Thirty-Jirst Report of the Xatioiial Portrait Gatleri/, 1888. The above portraits of James v. and his Queen are engraved, separately, in Pinkerton's Iconographia Scotica. J. M. G.] (i6o) Lent by the marqiis of hartington. PORTRAIT, of Mary Stewart, in Oil, on panel, ISh inches by 11 inches. A contemporarj- replica of ' Le Deuil Blanc,' in Her Majesty's possession. From the Hastings Collection, \S69. [This is a version of the portrait of Mary Queen of Scots in her ' deuil blanc,' or widow's dress, after the death of Francis ii., of which the drawing by Janet is in the Bibliotheque de Ste. Genevieve, Paris. Another good old version of this drawing was exhibited by the Rev. Dr. Wellesley, of New Inn Hall, Oxford, in the Archaeological Institute's Museum, held in Edinburgh in 1S5C. See Catalogue, p. 201. The finest oil-colour version of this portrait is in the Royal Collection at Windsor (formerly at Hampton Court), and is first mentioned in Vander Doort's Catalogue of Pictures at Whitehall Palace, iQSQ. See Mr. George Scharfs ' Royal Picture Galleries,' in Archaological Institute's Old Loudon, p. 34-2. There are various other versions in the same medium, such as those in the National Portrait Gallery, London, in the Scottish National Portrait Gallery, and in Jesus College, Cambridge. See Catalogues of the two National Portrait Galleries ; Scharfs Portraits of Man/ I. of England and Man/ Queen of Scots (reprinted from Proceedings of Socieljj of Antiquaries), p. 10, and his Letter on ' Portraits of Mary Queen of Scots, in Times, 7th May 1888. J. M. (i.J (162) Lent by Alfred moruison. ENGRAVING (full length), of Queen Man,-, by Hogenberg, inscribed ' Maria Jacobi .Scotorum regis Filia, Scotorumque nunc Regina.' On the left side are the letters ' F. H.' and the inscription, ■ Hans Liefinck.' {Cf. Labanott', Portraits, Nos. 39 and 41.) (167) Lent by her m\jestv the QUEEN. 78 HISTORICAL AND PERSONAL RELICS SMALL OIL FOUTRAIT, of Mary Queen of Scots. She is crowned and wears a larjjc nifl". This is beheved to be one of tlie four nienieutofs (laintt-d for tlie Queen's maids (hu-in<; her lifetime. [.■\ version of the portrait on the monument of Barbara Mowbray and EHzabeth t'urle, in the Church of St. Andrew at Antwerp, of which another version is in the possession of tlie I'arl of Cathcart. It is no tloubt derived from a common original with No. 217, the Blairs College Portrait, which sec l)elow. J. M. G.] (-32) lent l)y the u\n(i\Ess wiiiotfiiinv df EnssDY. OIL PAINTING, of .Mary Queen of .Scots, from Windsor Castle. [Similar to the Blairs College Portrait, No. 217 of present Exhibition. For an account of the slight variations between these two works and the third similar portrait at Cobham Hall (described by Mr. F. G. Stephens in Archa'ologia Cantianci, \ol. xi.) see Mr. George Scharf's letter in The Times, 7th February 1888, which also refers to a similar memorial portrait of Queen Mar)' (perhaps of a reduced size) which was bought by Woodburn at Lord (Jodolpliin's sale, on (ith June ISO.^, and seeks informa- tion regarding its present resting-place. The above Windsor version of the memorial jiortrait is described in the 'Travels of the Marchese Luca Casimiro degl' Albizzi in lG83/ written by the Dottore Andrea Forzoni, a m.s. now in the British Museum. The picture was then in Windsor Castle. See Calalogue of Aichtvo- /ogical Museum q/'l85(), p. xxii. .F. .M. G.] (169) Lent by iikh majest\ the queen. PORTR.MT, of .Mary Stewart, generally known as the Blairs College Portrait, from the place of its present custody. {See Plate i.v.) It was originally the property of Elizabeth Curie, one of the Queen's attendants at her execution, and was by her bequeathed in l(r20 to the Scottish College at Douay, where at that time Elizabeth Curie's brother was a professor. Of its importance as a genuine portrait of the Scottish Queen there can be only one opinion. It is probable that it was ])ainted by ,\myas Cawood, from a drawing made during Mary's lifetime, after .lane Kennedy and Elizabeth Curie had returned to France. It represents Mary Stewart standing in the Hall of I'otheringhay Castle, immediately before her execution. Her dress is black, trimmed with fur. \ long white cloak reaches to the ground from the shoulder. In her right hand she holds a crucifix, and in her left a book of prayers. A small group on the right of this figure represents the details of the execution, which shows the Queen with her head on the block ; the executioner (who wears an apron) prepares to strike a second blow, the effect of the first being perceptible. The figures of Jane Kemiedy and Elizabeth Curie are here introduced ; and some account of the event is given in a long Latin inscription. [See above, No. 169 (Windsor version of same memorial portrait), with notes thereon. The history of the i)resent picture is given as follows in the JnlKrologin Sculiai, vol. iv. pp. :ilO-\ :— 'Communicated to the Secretary by .lohn .\Ienzies of Pitfoddels, Esq. [in whose house in York Place, Edinburgh, the picture then was] ; and the Rev. .lames Gillis. ****** ' My de.\r Sir, 'The following is the extract from Mrs. Curie's will relative to the jjieture of Queen Mary which you saw here this afternoon. • " Triidiicliuii dc I' Espagnol d'liiie parlie dii Teslameiil dr D imc Elisnhelh Curie, dii 2i Avril iG'iO. ' " En signe de cette fondation, je laisse audit Seniinaire (Douai) un joiau dor qui renferme un petit portrait de la Reine Marie d'Ecosse, ma maitresse, chose que j'estimc grandement, parce qu'elle me fut donnee par sa Majeste la matinee meme qu'elle fut mar- PLATE IX. Q.UEEK MARY— THE BLAIRS COLLEGE PORTRAIT. PORTRAITS OF QUEEN MARY PERIOD 79 tyrisee : de plus, jc laisse aiissi iiii p-aiid pur/rail de sa Majeste veliie cunime elk eloil a son nuitii/re ; c'est a condition &c. &c." ' The above is copied from a manuscript of the Rev. John I'arquharson, President of the Scots College of Douaj- in 179.'), "ho himself intrusted the picture to the care of a niece of Martin of Douay, during the time of the reign of terror. She concealed it in a condemned chimnej-vent, from whence it was removed by Mr. Farquharson to the English Convent, Paris, where it remained till 1830, when the late Dr. Paterson, Roman Catholic Bishop in Edinburgh, then at Paris, brought it over with him to Scotland. Dr. Paterson was Vice-President of Douay College in 1793. and remembered the picture well. — I am, with respect. ■ My dear Sir, ' ^Our most obedient Servant, • 24 York Place, 25M March 1853 {sic, in error for 1833], Jas. Gillis, ' Donald Gregory, Esq." Catholic Clergyman. J. M. G.] (217) Lent by the trvstees of blaihs college. MINIATURE, of Mary Stewart, Queen of Scots. [I'igure shown to below waist, crowned, and holding two large white flowers in front of the breast. This miniature appears to be founded upon a jjortrait of the .Antwerp type. See Note on No. 232, p. 78. J. M. G.] (220) Lent by the earl ok mau and kellie. PORTRAIT, of Mary Stewart, on panel, taken when she was al)out the age of seventeen. Her hair, of light brown, is enclosed in a net of gold cord, with a coronal of jewels and a single pearl on the forehead. She wears a small ruff, a close-fitting white dress with diagonal stripes of gold, and buttoned up to the neck, a rich collar and pendant of pearls ; a crimson mantle with sleeves of the same colour, furred with ermine to the waist, high on the shoulders, and banded with white fur. This painting bears considerable resemblance to the portrait at Hat- field House, which has been attributed to Sir Antonio More. (221) Lent Ijy sin joiix Stirling ma.\weli., bart. Small full-length PORTRAIT, in Oil, of Mary Stewart, in Highland dress, the under part of which is green, the upper part tartan. In one hand she holds a rose, the other rests on a table covered with red velvet. (222) Lent by henry bi-hnlev heath. PORTRAll'. of Mary Stewart, in Oil, of life-size, half-length. (223) Lent by mrs. graham. PORTRAIT, in Oil, on Copper, of Mary Stewart, either by or after Zucchero. [A cabinet- sized version, reversed and to below the waist only, from the same original as No. 231 (p. 81). See Note on that picture. Probably the present version has been made from the reversed half- length line-engraving by Vertue, — as the colours of the costume do not agree with those in the original painting, and the thistle on the back of the chair to the right does not appear in this latter (as was evident from a careful examination made when Chatsworth was exhibited at the Stuart Exhibition, 1889), hut was added by Vertue, in his print, from a device appearing on the old Scottish coinage. .1. M. G.] (224) Lent by james Barclay mirdoch. PORTRAIT, in Oil, of .Mary Stewart, a copy by Keith (an Edinburgh artist of the early part of the present centurv) froui that at \'ersailles. [This is a modern version of the 'Orkney Portrait.' J. M. G.] (225) Lent by mrs. xrthir. 80 HlSTOlllCAl. AND PEKSONAJ. KELICS PORTRAITS, of Henry Lord Darnley, second husband of Queen Mary Stewart, iiiul nf liis brother Charles, the father of Arabella Stewart. (See Plate x.) [At tlie top is inscribed ' TfEs uE tje sones oe i+; uicu'e monerables terlee of lexoxe AND •?£ LADV MARGAitETz (iRACE couNTYEs OF LENoxE AU ax(;wvse/ aiul beneath the figures, to right, 'MENRY STEWAHDE LORn DARLEY AXD UOWGLAS, .tTATIS, 17,' and to left, '(HVRl.I.ES STEWARDS HIS BROTHER .ETATis, (),' (not ' 5 ' as givcn in Law's Historical Calalogiic). On front of the dais is the date ' l.'itJS.' On the cross-rail of the table is tlic monogram of the painter, '}¥,' for Heere Fecit, as it appears on his portrait of 'Queen Mary Tudor,' l'>'>i, in the j)ossession of the Society of Anti(iuaries. London ; on his other portrait of that Queen, dated the same year, in the possession of Lord (lieshani, at Latimer; on his 'Allegorical Picture of Queen Elizabeth,' 15()9, at Hampton Court ; and on his portrait of Mary Ncvill, Lady Dacre, in the possession of Sir Tliomas Barrett Lcnnard, Bart. He sometimes marked his works with another monogram, ' LHF,' for Lucas Heere Fecit, as is the case with his portrait of 'Frances Duchess of Suffolk and .Adrian Stoke,' 1559, formerly at Strawberry Hill, and afterwards in the possession of the Rev. Mr. Finch, of Oakham (now the property of Colonel \\ ynne Finch). See letter by Mr. George .Scharf in 'J'/ic Times, 2^d .January 1S8(). 'This interesting picture belonged to Charles i., from wliose collection it was sold at the Commonwealth: — "The Lord Darnley with his brotlur at length in little, sold to Mr. Murray as appraised, 'i.'Srd Oct. 1()51, for £() " (Jiiveiilorij, folio 142). He also had a larger, similar picture, which was formerly here, but was sent by command of the Queen to Holyrood. This one is the original and the best. The head of Darnley was engraved by Vertne from this picture. 'The inscribed date is contem])orary, and perhaps the inscription also; as Darnley was eighteen on December 7th, LJli.'i, tlu- picture was probably ])aintcd before that month. He and his parents were then in London, whence he set out in the spring of 1. ">()."> to join his tatlu-r at the court of ^Llry Queen of Scots. His brother Charles married, in 157 !■, Elizabeth Cavendish, I)y whom he had a daughter, the ill-fated Lady Arabella, and died in 1577.' — Law's Ilislorical Calahigiie of Picliiirs at Ilampluii Court, p]). 2If)-20. This ))icture is now preserved at Windsor Castle. .1. M. G.] (170) Lent by hkh MAJEsT^ tiik yiKEX. PORTH.MI', of Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley. It is of full length and lite size. Ascribed to Zucchero. [The face in this picture, with its fine and slender features, shows no resemblance to the blunt round face which appears in such authentic portraits of Lord Darnley as that with his brother (No. 170, above); the alabaster figure on the monument of his mother, Margaret Douglas, Countess of Lennox ; the recumbent effigy in the memorial picture at Windsor of the Lennox family kneeling beside his tomb ; and the print, ascribed to Elstracke, frequently included in Holland's B(ni/if>lnpa. HilS. .1. M. G.] (243) Lent by the dike of ilAMn.Tox, k.t. P()RTR.\rr, of Queen Mary, by Medina. [.As this picture is dated 17(i7, it cannot be the work of Sir .John Baptist Medina, Knight (as whose work it was exhibited), who died 5th October 1710, nor of his son. .lohn Medina, who died 1st December 17()1-, but must be by his o-randson, also .John Medina, who is known to have executed many similar copies of Queen NLiry's portrait, and who died in I'dinburgh, 27th September I7!)<). in his 7(>tli year. See Stirling's Artists of Spain, vol. iii. pp. lOSl-.'J, and Redgrave's Diclioiiari/ oj' Artists of llic Eiig/ish School, 2d edition. A bust-sized version from same original as the full-length. No. 231. See Note on that picture in next page. .1. M. G.] (218) Lent by sir robebt menzies, bart. PORTR.MT, of Mary Stewart, in which she is represented as wearing a red dress highly ornamented, and close up to the throat. Her cap also is much ornamented, and she wears a l)earl necklace with a cross, as distinguished from a crucifix. Her hair is parted down the middle. This portrait is traditionally regarded as having been presented by her to the Lord PLATE X. PORTRAIT OF HENRY LORD DARXLEY AND HIS BROTHER CHARLES. PORTRAITS OF QUEEN MARY PERIOD 81 High Treasurer, the Earl of Cassillis, one of the Scottish Commissioners sent into France to negotiate her marriage articles, and to witness her union with the Dauphin Francis. It is believed that it has been preserved since that time as an heirloom in the Kennedy family at the seat of their representative the Marquis of Ailsa, Culzean Castle, Ayrshire. It has been attributed to Zucchero. [A version, to waist only, from same original as the full-length portrait which follows (see Note on it). J. M. .] (219) Lent by the mahquis of ails.a. Full-length POUTKAIT, of Mary Stewart, life-size. [A version of the full-length portrait in Chatsworth, formerly at Chiswick, which was engraved in line (in half-length and reversed) by George Vertue, for its former owner, Lord Carleton, in 1725. Mr. George Scharf charac- terises the portrait at Chatsworth as a 'costume poi-trait," 'probably the work of Francis Pourbus the elder,' 'one of the stateliest female portraits of the si.vteenth century.' He does not accept it as a genuine portrait of Queen Mary, and remarks that ' tile jiortrait of Diana, natural daughter of the Duke of Lorraine, married to the Duke of Angouleme, presents a very similar personal appearance.' This portrait was frequently copied, to the waist, during the last century, especially by the third John Medina, who died in l~i)6. See No. 219 (above), 'The Ailsa Portrait,' and No. 218 in the previous page, and the versions at Biel, in the possession of Lord Y'oung, Edinburgh, the Merchant Company, Edinburgh, etc. etc. Mr. Scharf is ' not aware of any copy or repetition ' of the picture at Chatsworth • that can be dated earlier than the eighteenth century.' See his letter in The Times, 30th Oct. 1888. J. M. G.] (231) Lent by colonel w. w. hoziek. TWO M1N1.\TURES, in Limoges Enamel, of Mary Stewart and the Dauphin, her husband. He wears a bonnet with white feathers, and she a green head-dress. The ground is powdered with stars. The mauve tint of these enamels is said to have been used for a period of only about seven years, beginning shortly before the Queen's first marriage. (226) Lent by mks. zwiLcuENiiAKT erskine. PORTRAIT, of Mary Stewart, while Dauphiness of France, copied from a window in the Church of the Cordeliers at Paris, dated 1587. (227) Lent by miss laing. PORTRAIT, of Mary Stewart and her son James the Si.\th, as a child. She holds a prayer- book in one hand, the otiier is placed on the child's head. An engraving after Zucchero, but an impossible fiction. (Labanoff, Poiirailx, No. 102.) (228) Lent by miss brown. PORTRAIT, said to be of Mary Stewart, upon panel, by an unknown artist. She wears a black dress close up to the throat. (229) Lent by mrs. camerox campbell. ORKUN.M. MlNl.VrURE, of Mary Stewart, given by her great-great-grandson, James iii. of England, and viii. of Scotland, to his private secretary, James Edgar, in whose family it still remains. [Similar to tiie larger miniature. No. 242, which follows this. J. M. C;.] (230) Lent by miss edgar. ORIGINAL CONTE.MPORARY .M1NL\TURE, of Mary Stewart, on copper, in which she is depicted as wearing her French widow's dress, of black trimmed with fur, with a low flat head- dress. A photograph from this miniature forms the frontispiece of Futheriiighai/ and Marij Qiiccii of Scols, by Cuthbert Bede, who there states (p. 201) that it was given to him in 185o by Mr. Joseph Cecil, who liad bought it in France at the time when he was making his Mary Stewart collection, a portion of which was at his death purchased for the Print Room of the British Museum. [Similar in type to the smaller miniatures. No. 230 (above), and No. 238 (reversed), p. 82. Mr. Scharf traces back the miniatures of this type (in a black ' Spanish winter costume,' with white fur round neck and down front, and with a plain black head-dress) to a portrait belonging to the Duke of Hamilton, which ' Lawrence Crosse, who painted miniatures in the time of Queen Anne, was employed to rej)air.' being 'ordered to make it as hundsouie as he could.' 'It seems a L H'2 HISTORICAL AND PEIJSONAL RELICS round face, very diflereiit from Mary's, was liis idea of perfect beauty. Innumerable copies were made from it.' ' Notwithstanding the numerous repetitions that exi.st of portraits of tliis tyj)e associated with her name, I have not met with a single example bearing the genuine features of the Scottish Queen.' See Mr. Scharf's letter in T/ie Times, 30th October 1888. J. M. G.] (242) Lent by rev. edward bradley. ENGHA\1N(;, of Queen Mary anil lier husband, Lord Darnley. {See Plate xi ) It bears the following inscriptions : ' The most illustrious jjrince Henry, Lord Darnley, king of Scotland, father to our soveraigm- ionl, King James. He died at the age of 21, ISfi".' 'The most excellent Princess Marie, Qucene of Scotland, mother of our soveraigne lord. King .lames. She died l;")H(i, and entombed at Westminster.' (Cf. Labanoff, Vortraits, No. 1 KJ, anil IJesid. S.) (168) Lent by wzn. majesty the queen. PORTRAIT, supposed to be of Mary Stewart, by Holbein the younger. She is represented as dressed in black. She wears a pearl necklace and a cap. (234) Lent by a. v. sMirn-sLiiio. A SMALL PORTRAIT, of Mary Stewart [derived from the full-length at Chatsworth, but in half-length, reversed (facing towards right), and with changes in the colours of the costume. J. M. O.]. (235) Lent by .ioiin i oiunoiun. MINIATURE, on i\ory, of Mary Stewart wearing a scarlet dress. Inscribed 'M.R. ii't. 1(),' surmounted by a crown. A coat of arms (but indistinct) occurs on an ornament which she wears on her bosom. [From the oil portrait in the po.ssession of the Duke of Hamilton, at Holyrood Palace, the face considerably idealised. J. M. G.] (236) Lent by joiin rouuiioiun. A .MlNl.VTUUH, on ivory, of Queen Mary, in red dress. [From same original as the preced- ing, but altered in the pufted sleeves, and other details of dress. Little likeness remains in the face, of which the eyes are blue. ,(. M. G.] (237) Lent by joiin loruudii.n. MINIATURE, of Mary Stewart. [Of similar type as Nos. 242 and 230 (i)olli in j). .si), but reversed (turned to the left), and showing less of the bust. Sec Note on No. 242. .1. M. (i. | (238) Lent by jonx eouuuouiin. MARY STEWART, as Queen of France. A medallion in silver, by an unknown artist, but contemporary. The bust is to the left. She is represented in a tight dress, close to the chin, and then a ruff. The legend, mahia uegina kuancivE. On the reverse is her husband. King Francis 11., King of France, with the legend, ' Franciscus D. G. Francor. R.' He is in armour and wears a wreatli of laurel. [The bust of Queen Mary here is similar to that in the full-length engraving by Hogenberg, with the Scottish arms displayed on a lozenge on the background, No. 167 of the ))rcsent l-'xhibition (.«r p. 77), and to that on the medal com- memorating her marriage with the Dauj)hin, and on the ' King and Queen's Ducat' of the Scottish gold coinage issued in l.'jjQ. .1. M. Cj.] {Sec Fig. 77.) (252) Lent by ai.frko mohhiso.v. AN INTAGLIO PORTRAIT, of Queen Mary Stewart, formerly the jiroperty of Cardinal York. (173) Lent by cai'Tain ANsTHUTuiiii tiiomsox. MINIATURE (old), on ivory, in an antiiiue franu-, of .Mary Stewart, 'at 'iO,' painted therefore in Ijliii or 15()3. She wears a black dress, and holds a crucifix in one hand and a book in KIG. 77. — XI.\KV <;tewart as quken »t tKAME. the other. (239) Lent by .Mus. c. e. .moiiisox dlxcan. I'OUTR.VIT, of .Mary Stewart, in cap and nifP. (240) Lent by Mils. i. e. mohisox nuNCAN. PLATE XI. aUEEN MARY AND HER HUSBAND LORD DARNLEV. PORTRAITS OF QUEEN MARY PERIOD 83 PORTRAIT, of Mary Stewart, copied from that in the Bodleian Library, for the purpose of beinji engraved by Whessell in November 1825. (246) Lent by ciiarles dack. MEDAI,, of Mary Queen of Scots, by Primavera. Obverse — Bust to the right. Legend— M.\niA • STOVVAR • REGi • scoTi ■ ANGLi. In the field is the name of the artist, la. Primave. This copy varies in small matters of detail from tliat in the British Museum, as do all medals produced by tilt- ciir perdu process. (See Coclir;iii-Patrick's Catalogue of Scottish Medals, p. 14, PI. i. Fig. 12.) (251) Lent by d. i'earson. CAST, from a very rare medallion of Mary Stewart, ot which no original is known. It represents her in profile, to the right ; she wears a close dress, buttoned in front, a small ruff; a long veil is attached to her head-dress behind. The inscription is as follows : maria STOVVAR REGI SCOTI ANGLI. Behind the head are the words ' la. Primave.' This medallion is engraved as a frontispiece to the third volume of the Life of Man/ Stuart by George Chalmers (London, 1822, 8vo), with the omission, however, of the name of the artist. [Jacopo Primavera was an Italian, probably a native of Milan. His medals indicate that he worked mainly in France and the Netherlands. He does not appear to have visited this country, and the present medal was doubtless executed from a contemporary- painting or drawing. This portrait Mr. Scharf assigns to the period of the Queen's captivity (The Times, 26th December 1888). Among Primavera's other medals is one of Queen Elizabeth, executed on her recoveiy from sniall-pox in 1572. ,1. M. G.] (See Fig. 78.) (253) Lent by r. v.. dm.uvmpi.k. REVERSF,, of the above medallion, by Primavera, of Mary Stewart, but from a cast, of which no original seems to be in existence. It represents a young female figure standing on a rocky foreground. Her left hand raises her drapery, and in her right she holds a palm branch, the arms being charged with a weight linked to the elbow, as if to keep it down ; and from this weight large drops of water appear to be falling! In the back- ground is the sea, a town on a hill, a water- mill, etc., with the inscription, 'Superanda omnis fortuna.' This motto, with a female figure chained to a rock, is found on a medal of Hercules 11., Duke of Ferrara. See Way's Catalosw, P- 215. (254) Lent by c. e. dalrvmple. MEDAL, struck on the marriage of Mary Stewart with the Dauphin of France, afterwards King Francis the Second. The original die, from which this is taken, is preserved in the Hotel des Monnaies at Paris. See Way's Catalogue, p. 182. (255) Lent by c. e. dalrvmple. MEDAL, struck during the confinement of Mary Stewart in Lochleven Castle, with the legend: o. god . grant . p.\tience . in . that, i . suffer . wrang. On the reverse, hovrt . not. the J^ QVHOIS. lOV . TIlOV . ART . QVIIO . (AX . COMPARE . VITH . ME . IN. GRKIF . I . DIE . AND. DAR . NOCHT. SEIK . RELEIF. In the original of the above copy the ' heart ' is represented in outline. ['All known specimens of this piece are modern ; but perhaps from some contemporaiy original. It has been generally supposed to commemorate the sufferings of Mary Queen of Scots, but the portrait has no resemblance to those assigned to that Queen. The introduction of the heart has led to FIG. 78. — M.\RV QUEEN* OF SCOTS AFTER THE .MED.\LLION BY I'RIMAVERA. 84 HISTORICAL AND PERSONAL RELICS the conjecture that the lady represented might be of the House of ])ouglas, and therefore of Lady Margaret Doughis, mother of Darnley. Another attribution seems, however, a more probable one, namely to Lady Arabella Stewart, daughter of Charles Stewart, Duke of Lennox, and first cousin of James i. The two hands on tin- reverse denote a marriage, and may refer to her marriage with William Seymour, grandson of the Ear! of Hertford. The sentiments expressed in the inserii)t ions would ap])ly to the unhappy separation from her husband, as well as to the sorrow and to the ill-treatment which she miderwent during her imj)risonment in the Tower, and from the effects of vliicli sho died in 1 (i I. V— Hawkins's Mcdallic I//ii.s/ntlwii\, vol. i. pp. 207-8. .1. M. (}.] (256) L.nt by w. MiiiiMV THHKipi.wi). CAST, of the head of Mary Stewart, from the tonil) in Westminster Abbey, wliieh east belonged to the late .lohn Hosack, Esq. Engraved as the Frontispiece to Way's Calalo^iic ; also in Mr. Hosack's history of Mnrij Qiicrii of Srulx and livr Acciixcrs, I8()9, 8vo. [I'laster cast of the head from the full-length alabaster effigy on the monument of Queen Mary, the erection of which in Westminster Abbey by her son, King .lames, was begun about 1()0(), nine- teen years after her death. Some interesting notices of the execution of this tomb are tpioted. from the Pell Records, in Way's CataloiiKc, under the heading ' Frontispiece,' and insirted between pj). xxviii and xxix, where it is stated that 'we are indebted to .Mr. Peter Cinniinghani for calling our attention to these entries in the Pell Records, while this work was passing through the |)rcss,' and in the Catnlogup of the Sal'wniil Poiimil Gallcnj, Loudon (1888), p. .'iO.'J, as follows : • " By order, 7th of May KJOfi. To Cornelius Cure, master mason of His Highness's works, the sum of 200/., parcel of a more sum due to him for the framing, making, erecting, and finishing of a tomb for Queen Mary, late Queen of Scotland, according to certain articles indented between the Right Honourable the Lord Treasurer of England, the Earls of Northampton and Salisbin-y, and the said Cornelius Cure." Before the e()ni])letion of the tond) Cornelius aj)pears to have died, as the next ))aynunt on .I.mu.ny 17tli, Kilo, was made to "William Cure, His Majesty's master mason, son and executor unto Cornelius Cure." He also on the .'ilst August Kil.'J received the sum of 8.")/., 10.V. in full payment of 8:2.")/., 10*., "for making the tomb for His Majesty's dearest mother." The painting of the tomb was intrusted to James Mauncy or Manuty, "By order, dated 24th of May l6l(), to James Mauncy, painter, the sum of 265/., in full satisfaction of the charges of painting and gilding of a monument to be erected for the memory of His Majesty's most dearly beloved mother, the Lady Mary, late Queen of .Scotland." ' .1. M. Ci.] (245) Lent by james uosack. POUTlJAl'l', of .lames vi. Head — life-size by Cornelius Janssens. (296) Lent by j. s. fraser tvti.kr. PORTRAIT, of James Douglas, Earl of Morton, Regent of Scotland. He wears a black dress and a large ruft'. His armorial bearings and the initials of his name (J. M.) are given. [A bust-sized version of the three-quarters-length portrait, with a landscape background, pre- served at Dalmahoy. Another bust-sized version, older than the present, without the shield or arms, is at The Binns ; and there is a three-quarters-length version at Newbattle Abbey. J. M. G.] (271) Lent by the duke of Hamilton, k.t. PORTRAIT, of William Maitland of Lethinglon, Secretary of State to Mary Stewart, eldest son of Sir Richard Maitland of Thirlstane. Painted by Meriwell (Mierevelt). He wears a red dress with a ruff. On his head is a cap. [This portrait bears no resemblance to that in the pos- session of the Earl of Lauderdale in Thirlestane Castle, engraved in Pinkerton's Icono'^idpliiii Scolica, which has generally been accepted as authentic ; and this appears to represent a man of a more advanced age than Lethington had attained at the time of his death. J. .M. G.] (272) Lent by the imeionkss wiLi.oiciMii\- in: eresuv. PORTRAITS OF QUEEN MARY PERIOD 85 ENGRAVED PORTRAITS OF JOHN KNOX. Lent dv Mrs. William Nelson. (282-291). 1. .loiiN- Knox. [A reversed (turned to our ri<;ht), and probably earlier, version of No. 17 (below). J. M. G.] 2. ,IoiiN Knox, from the original picture in the possession of Lord Torphichen. Engraved by J. Cochran. [Frontispiece to M'Crie's Life of Knox. (Edinburgh, 1831.) J. M. G.J 3. John Knox, from the original in the Collection at Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh. Drawn by Wm. Hilton, R.A. Engraved (with permission) by R. Cooper. [Plate from Lodge's Portraits, folio edition, vol. i. (London, 1821.) J. M. G.] 4. John Knox, from a picture in the College of Cilasgow. Huchaniae Comes sc. [Plate from Pinkerton's Scottish Galkri/. In the opinion of Drummond this is a manufactured portrait, probably suggested by No. 7, and by the original of No. 8. J. M. G.] 5. John Knox, from a picture in the possession of Lord Somerville. Marked, in facsimile of Thomas Carlyle's handwriting ' " John Knox." [The one Portrait I ever c'' believe to be a likeness of Knox.— T. Carlyle, Feb. 7, 1874'.] [Engraved a.d. 184.9 in Knight's Pictorial Ili.sion/, ii. .')48].' (). John Knox. [Plate from Boissard's ft'6/;o//ifca (7ia/con-/Y(/;/(«Y;. (Frankfort, Hi.JO.) J. M. G.] 7. John Knox. Plate from Verheiden's Praestaiitiiim Aliquod I'heotogonim, etc., h/ffigies. (The Hague, 16"02), [engraved by Hondius, the elder, probably from a di-awing or painting by A. Vaensoun. J. M. G.] 8. John Knox. [Woodcut in Laing's edition of the JVurkK of Knox, vol. i. (Edinburgh, 1S4()), copied from the portrait in Beza's Iconcs, 1.580, which was probably executed from the same original as No. 7. J. M. G.] (See Fig. 7!)-) f). John Knox. [A modern copy from the Hondius engraving. J. M. G.] 10. John Knox, marked in pencil, ' Sam. Clark, l6.50.' 11. .John Knox, returning home after having preached his last Sermon. \. Ritchie, chit. \V'. H. Lizars, .vr. 12. Monument to the Memory of Ji>1hi Knox, erected in the Fir Park, Glasgow. Engraved on steel by J. Swan. 13. John Knox (?), from an original painting in Hamilton Palace. Trotter .vc. [Plate from Smith's Iconographia Scotica, where it is said to represent 'John Knox the younger.' J. M. C;.] 1 !•. John Knox. Roberts xc. [Plate fi-om Pinkerton's Scottish Gallerij, where it is rightly suggested that it is surely some other person than Knox. It is from the same picture as that from which No. 3 is taken. J. M. G.] 15. John Knox. Engraved from an original painting in the possession of Joseph Williamson, Esq., Advocate. Kay, fecit and sctilpt. [From the same original as the portrait of Knox given in the Appendix to Kay's Portraits. (Edinburgh, 1838.) J. M. G.] l(j. John Kno.x, 'from an original painting in the possession of Miss Knox, at Edin- borough.' S. Allen sc. 17. John Knox. R. Cooper sc. [Plate from Knox's Hislorij of the Reformation, folio. (Edinburgh, 1732.) A reversed version (turned to our left) of No. 1 above. J. M. Cj.] 18. John Knox. [Two pen drawings by John Kay, one of them being the study for the engraving No. 1.5 above. J. M. Ci.] [The above engravings form ' The Laing Collection of Knox Portraits, from the Cabinet of the late William Nelson, Esq., of Salisbury Green, Edinburgh.' The portraits Nos. 3, 13, and 14 have certainly no claim to be regarded as authentic. Interesting accounts of the portraits of Knox will be found in Thomas Carlyle's Portraits of John Knox, first published in Fraser's Magazine, and afterwards collected in the complete editions of his works ; and in the able reply by James Drummond, R.S.A., Notes upon .lome Scotti.sh Historical Portraits, jjublished in the Proceedings of the Socieli/ of .Inticjiiaries of ScotlamI, vol. xi. p. 237, and afterwards issued in pamphlet form. 86 HISTORICAL AND PERSONAL RELICS The woodcut from which No. 8 alxivc was copied (reproduced from the original in our Fig. 79 below), and the more accompjislied, reversed, copper-engraving, from the same original, No. 7 above, by the elder Henry Hondius, given in N'eriieiden's Vracslaiiliiim n/itiiiol 'I'/ieologoniin , ^r., Kffigics (The Hague, KiO'i), have usually been regarded as the most authentic portraits of Knox that exist. Thev are lield by Dnmniumd to iiave l)cen executed from a drawing or jiainting FIG. 79- — JOHN KNOX, AFlEk I HF- iiNGPA\'iNr, IN DEz.\"s hones. which, along with one of .James vi. himself, was sent by tiiat King to Heza. The entry for the pai/mcnt of these originals in the Lord Treasurer's Accounts, dated June 1581 (the year after the publication of Beza's work), is as follows : — ' Itira, To Adrianc Vaensoum, Fleming painter, for twa picturis painted be him, & send to Theodorus Besa, conforme to ane precept as the samin producit upon compt beris 8/. 10.«.' (14*. 2d. sterling). The Torphichen oil portrait is evidently founded upon the Beza and V'erheiden engravings. In Goulart's French translation of Beza's Fcoiicx (Geneva, 1.581), a portrait of William Tyndale is, by a printer's error, substituted for that of Knox : and by a similar mistake it is repeated in Les Poiirails ties Hommes Illuslres (Geneva, l673), while in this latter work the original Beza portrait of Knox figures as representing Beza himself; see Carlyle's Poiirails of Knox. In the Life of K110.V (London, ifi.'.O), the Hondius portrait is used ; and the Beza portrait appears in Freherus's Tliealnim J'ironim Enidilione (laronim (Nuremberg. lfi87); see Dnimmond's Xotes. J. M. G.] THE COVEXAXT AND ROYALISTS 87 SCOTLAND AFTER THE UNION OF THE CROWNS THE COVENANT AND ROYALISTS. Oi-- tlie lumierous relics shown in the Bisliop's Castle comparatively few belonged to the earlier part of this period ; and the two which are to be first mentioned would be excluded from it were the line to be rigidly drawn. While, however, some parts of this period are scantily represented, others are almost profusely illustrated, and that by articles of interest and imjjortance. A SMALL CARVED CHAIR, with tapestry seat, whicli belonged to Queen Anne of Denmark, and which was formerly in Holyrood Palace. (316) Lent by mrs. e. scoit. LICENCE, by the King, to Sir Dimcan Camjjbell— commonly called Black Duncan — the seventh Laird of Glenurehy, to repair to Kinghorn, and there to remain for two days, to confer with those whom he is to emploj' as cautioners for him anent the payment to John and Robert Arnollis of twenty-five thousand merks, notwithstanding the Act whereby he is bound to keep ward within the burgh of Edinburgh and two miles thereabout. Dated 'the [hlaiik] day of October 1602,' and signed, 'James R.' This Sir Duncan 'was, if not the first of Scotchmen, the very foremost of Highland proprietors, to turn his attention to the rural improvement of his countrj' ' (Innes' Sketches of Early Scotch Historij, I86I, pp. 3-15, 3-t6); and nearl)- the half of the Black Book of 7'tii/inoiilh is occupied bv lists of the lands 'he concjuesit,' the tochers he paid, and the deeds by which he distinguished himself Bowie, the writer of that chronicle, throws light on the necessity of the King's licence, when he states that Sir Duncan was warded in Edinburgh Castle, in .June KJOl, ' throch the occasioun of certane fals leis and forged inventis of ane Donald Monteith, alias Baroun, of Curquhyn, and ane uther callit Patrik M'Quene, ane deboysched and depryved minister,' in consequence of which he was kept in ward until he paid fort}- thousand merks to the King's 'gredie courteouris.' (361) Lent by the MARgiis nv ureadalbane. MINIATLRK.S, of Charles i. and Queen Henrietta Maria, beautifully executed l)y the famous Petitot, in a tortoiseshell case, with silver plate inscribed • H. Walpole, Strawberry Hill.' (31S) Lent by dr. Alexander Patterson. LETTER, from Charles i., addressed • To our trustie and welbeloved the Laird of [Gra)it — altered into] Gleanturquhye,' stating that he has given warrant to Alexander M'Xaughton. gentleman of our privy chamber in ordinary, ' for levying two hundreth bow-men in that our kingdome for our service in the warr, wherein wee are engadged with France, and being informed that the persones in those high countries are ordinarlie good bow-men : wee are hereby well pleased to desire yow to use your best meanes to cause levy such a nomber of them for our said servant as possiblie yow can.' Dated, at Windsor, 12th August 1(527, and supei-scribed ' Charles |{.' Printed in the Black Book ()/'Tai/iiioiilh, 1855, p. l.'JT. (362) Lent by tlic mauvi'Is ok uheadaldank. 88 HISTORIC AI. AND PEKSOXAL KELICS SCOTTISH CORONATION MKDAL of Charles i., who was crowned in the Abbey Church of Holyrood on the ISth of June Kijj. For contemporary accounts of the ceremony, see Spalding's Memoriall.1, Spakl. CUib, i. 36; and Balfour's Historical Works, ii. 1<)<), iv. .'{,">7-.'i.")9. The three varieties of this medal by Nicolas Briot— an eminent Trench medallist, \\\\o two years later was appointed master of the mint in Scotland — arc minutely described in Cocliran-l'atrick's Culiilogiw of l/if Medals of Scot lane/, pp. IS, I J); and in Hawkins's Mcdal/ic Illustrations of British Historij, i. 2()5, 2fa'6. The bust of Cliarles is to the left. 7.(i.'CH(/— camolvs • d • g • scoTi^ • angi.i.k • Fit • et • iiiB • REX. lieversc — Thistle and rose tree combined. Lci;. — iiiNc • nosth.*; • cheveue • iios.*;. E.iergiic — couox -18 • ivNii • Ki.'i.'J ■ u.' Diameter 1 ,'„ ineiies. This variety is not uncommon. (317) Lent by on. .vlexandeii i'a'i rEiisoN. CHARLES L BIBLE. Ki.J.O. The Holy Bible. Authorised Version. ■ Printed at London hi/ Robert Barker Printer to y-' Kings most excellent .!/«'" and by the Assigncs 0/ John Bill . I lino Ki.'ij). ' Folio. Engraved Title : Red-lined throughout. New Testament is of date 1632. I'retixed are, 'The Genealogies recorded in the Sacred Scriptures, according to euery familie and 'i'ribe. . . . by J[ohn] S[peed] emu privilcgio.' It contains the Apocryjiha, but not the metrical I'salms. The distinguishing feature of this copy is its truly magnificent binding, the workman- shij) of the nuns of Little CJidding in Huntingdonsliire, who presented it to Charles the First. It is a most elaborate and highly artistic specimen of sewed work. On each side there are the royal arms and the initials "C. R.' ; while instead of clasps there are silk ribbons, which are also richly (lccoi-atc(l. • Mr. Nicholas Ferrar . . . had founded a religious house at Little Ciidding, in Ilinitingdonshire, or, as it was called in the world, the " I'rotestant Nunnery," in which he lived with his mother and several nephews and nieces, in the practice of good works and the worship of Ciod. Extraordiniiry attention had been attracted to this establishment by the accounts of the strange and holy life of its inmates; and still more by the notice which the King had condescended to take of it, not only visiting it on his journey to Scotland, in Ki.S.'i, but also requesting and accepting presents of devotional books, which it was part of the occui)ation of the family to prepare ' (John JuglcsanI, vol. i. chap. iv.). (320) Lent by the MAiiyi'is ok uute. PORTRAIT of Alexander Henderson, the leader of the Second Reloruuitioii, who was born Ml Creich in 1j8.'>, and was educated at St. Andrews University, where he taught until Hi)',', when he was presented to I.euchars. His remarkable conversion led him to espouse the cause of down-trodden Presbyterianism, and in 1()IS he opposed the 'five articles' in Perth Assembly. With many others he particularly resented the high-handed manner in which Laud sought to impose the Book of Canons, the Book of Ordination, and the Book of Common Prayer, on the Scottish Church, and in the course of the struggle which ensued he was ever to the front. His connection with the National Covenant, the (Jlasgow Assembly, and the Solemn League and Covenant, will be afterwards referred to. He accom))anied the Scottish army to Duns Law, and took part in the Pacification at Berwick in Ki.'ij); he was one of the Commissioners sent to the Treaty of Ripon, lfi4.0; he was sent as a Commissioner to Oxford in I()4.'j; and in I()4.") he was appointed to assist the Commissioners of both Parliaments in their Treaty with the King at Lxbridge. 'Thrice he was chosen Moderator of the General Assembly, namely, in Kr.iH, in KiH, and in Kil-.'i ; and as one of the .Scottish Commissioners he took a prominent part in the debates ' The initial of Briot on this specimen is liker R, but perhaps it is slightly defective. THE COVENANT AND ROYALISTS 89 of tlie Westminster Assembly. After Charles the First threw himself into the Scottish camp, Henderson was sent for as the most fit to remove his difficulties concerning Episcopacy, but the task was a hopeless one ; and weary and worn out by ceaseless work and anxiety he returned to Edinburgh, where, eight days after his arrival, he died on the 19th of August l64(). During the previous nine years nearly all the princi])al Presbyterian papers were either drafted or polished by him. He has been greatly and deservedly honoured for his tact, statesmanship and patriotism ; in the words of Principal Baillie, he was 'the fairest ornament, after John Knox of incomparable memory, that ever the Church of Scotland did enjoy.' This oil painting is life-size and three- quarters length. The countenance is veiy striking, and bears a strong expression of earnest gravity, the result no doubt of the troubled times through which he steered his beloved Church. (377) Lent by the dike of Hamilton. LETTER, from Alexander Henderson to the Countess of Mar, written in a small clear hand, and relating to the inexpediency of his removal ' from this pairt of the countrie.' He entreats her ' to acquiesce concerning this particular in God's good providence, and in the resolution of such as can judge best what is most behoovefull for the good of the whole, which should be pre- ferred to the benefit of any particular congregation.' Signed ' Your Ladyships true servant Alex"' Henryson ' ; and dated '[Lvuchers — deleted] Cuper, June Hi, Kiii.;.' It bears no address, but this and another letter of his, apparently on the same subject, are printed in full in the Fouiih Report of (lie lioi/al Commixsion on Historical Manuscripts, pp. 527, 528. The other is ad- dressed to ' The truelie noble and most Christian lady, my lady the Countesse of Mar,' and although dated June 26, 1631, was j)robably written first. Sir William Fraser there expresses the opinion that Lady Mar had ])roposed his translation to another parish of which Lord Mar was the patron. Few of Henderson's letters are extant. (376) Lent by sheriff erskine Murray. Original Copy of the NATIONAL COVENANT, signed at Ayr. Tlie meetings of the ' tables ' or committees, which the petitioners against Laud's innovations had ajjjjointed with the approval of the Privy Council, having been prohibited by royal proclamation, it was determined to strengthen their union by renewing the Covenant. That Covenant, commonly called ' The King's Confession,' or ' the Negative Confession,' was drawn up by John Craig ; and was first sworn by James the Sixth, his household and others, on the 28th of January 1580-1. 'This,' says Row, ' wes the touch-stone to try and discern Papists from Protestants.' (See a copy of it, carefully collated by Laing, in Wod. Soc. ed. of Row's Hisloric'pp. 74-77.) It had been again signed by King James at several periods. Henderson of Leuchars and Johnstone of Warriston were now appointed to make such additions to it as the change of the times and the present occasion required. As thus enlarged it was sworn and signed with great enthusiasm by vast multitudes of all classes, in the Churchyard of the Grey Friars, Edinburgh, on the 2Sth of February Ki.'JS ; and next day it was subscribed by three hundred ministers, as well as commissioners of burghs. On the 2d of March : ' It was concludit, that a copie of the Confessione sould be provydit for ilk shire, balzierie, stewardrie, or distinct judicatorie, wherat may be all the hands of the principall persons in the saids circuits, and a particular one to be drawne for ilk parosche within the said judicatories, wherat may be all the hands of the persons in the said parosche that ar admitted to the sacrament; and these who cannot subscryve themselves, that a couple of nottars shall subseryve for them' (Rothes Relalioii. Hannatyne Club, pp. 79, 80). The members of 'The Tables ' — nobles, barons, burgesses, and ministers — adhibited their names to the copies thus sent over the country. .\ few towns for some time refused to sign ; but before the middle of May it had practically been taken by the whole nation. This copy, written on a large sheet of parch- ment (greatest breadth 2S| inches, extreme length 'M inches) by George Maxwell, is signed by Rothes, Montrose, Cassillis, Lothian, Balmerino, Erskine of Dun, Cunninghamhead, William Hume of Ayton, and many more of the nobles and barons. It also beai-s a great many local names, M 90 IIISTOUICAL Ax\l) TEKSONAL RELICS besiniiiiijr with Robert Blair, minister of Ayr, whose sifjnature is followed by nearly two hmidred and thirty others, then about one hundred and scvcnty-Kve names have been written by the notary, at the bottom of the sheet, on the l.'ith of Mareh Ki.JS ; and on the back there are nearly one hundred and thirty additional signatures. Among the names almost immediately succeeding Blair's are those of fully a dozen commissioners for other towns ; and there are also those of the I'rovost, Dean of Cniild, and two bailies of Ayr. lUit Blair is not the only one who signs as minister of Ayr, for .Viinaii and Fergushd appear in the same capacity. Poor Annan had been rabbled by the (ilasgow matrons in the previous autumn, for preaching in defence of the Liturgy; and though he now • took the Covenant ' he soon resiled from it, and was deposed by the Glasgow- Assembly in next December. As Fergushil was not admitted to Ayr until the I ah of November 1639 (Scott's Fasti, ii. 88), his signature conclusively shows that the names were not all written at one time. Blair, indeed, although signing above Annan, was not admitted to .Ayr until July itiSS, while .\nnan certainly signed before tlie ."ith of the previous April (Baillies I.iilcrs, i. (iii). (372) Lent by the curators ok tmk .vdvocates' l.llut\l<^. Another Original Copy of the N.VTIONWL CO\']".NANT, written on vellum, and measuring 37 inches by ii8.',. This copy is much cleaner than tlie other, and is in a very good state of pre- servation. At one time it seems to have been nailed on a board, the marks of the nails remaining along the margins. Like many other copies it is marked on the back, 'The Confessioun of Faithe ' ; and there too it bears the number ' 6S,' but the figures arc not contem- porary. It differs from the Ayr coj)y in several respects. All the names are autographs, there are none on the back, and it contains nothing wherebj' it can be localised. Most of the signatures are perfectly clear, some are rather indistinct, and a few are quite illegible. Nearlv a score of nobles sign, including Rothes, Eglintoun, Cassillis, Montrose, Balcarres, Lothian, Klcho, Dalhousie, Boyd, Yester, Wemyss, Fraser, and Forrester. Tlien follow Rig of Atherny, Foulis of Coiinton, Diindas of that Ilk, Graeme of Morphie, Grahame of Hiltoun, Cunninghamhead, Erskine of Dun, Hamilton of Binning, Graeme of Menzie, and about fifty others. These again are followed by fully seventy names, all, or nearly all, of ministers. They served in at least sixteen different shires, from Moray in the north to Kirkcudbright in the south, and from Dumbarton in the west to Berwick in the east ; and at least twenty-three of them were members of the Glasgow Assembly. They include Robert Douglas of Kirkcald_v, James Sharp of Govan, Andrew Cant of I'itsligo, George Gillespie of \\'emyss,i William Row of Forgandenny, James Thomson of Kilmany, and Andrew Ramsay of Edinburgh. On the 'JOth of December 1()38, the Glasgow Assembly, in an Act concerning the Covenant, declared that — ' The Assembly alloweth and approveth the same in all the heads and articles thereof, and ordaineth that all ministers, masters of universities, colledges, and schooles, and all others who have not already subscribed the said Confession and Covenant, shall subscribe the same, with these words prefixed to the subscri|)tion, viz. : T/ic (iiiirlr of lliis Cvieiiaiil, iiliich itcs itl tliejirsi subscription rcjerred to t/ie ileteniiiiiatioiir of the Gciiciall Assembly, being now determined at Glasgow in December l()38, and Ikerbi/ ikeft/ve articles of Perth and the governement of the Kirk by bishops being declared to be abjured and removed, the drill places and poner of kirkmen declared to bee unlanfull. Wee subscn/re according to the determination of the said free and lanfull Generall Assembly holden at Glasgon'.' In this copy the words italicised are written in a large bold hand at the foot of the document, extending from side to side, and filling nearly two lines. A long slip has apparently been cut from the vellum immediately underneath at the left liand, anil in the right-hand corner there are other twelve signatures of ministers, at least four of whom had already signed above, namely, Aitkenhead of North Berwick, Blackball of Aberlady, Ker of Salt-Preston, and Oswald of Pencaitland. It does not seem at all jirobable that the two lines would have been written so boldly so near the bottom ; and it is therefore extremely likely ' Gillespie was not ordained at Wemyss until the 26th of April 163S (Scott's Fasti, ii. 561) ; but Matthew Wemyss of tfie Canongate, whose name also occurs, seems to have signed the Covenant on the i6th of March in that year. It may, however, have been another copy. (Baillie's Lettirs, i. 464.) THE COVENANT AND ROVAHSTS 91 that a considerable portion of the vellum has been cut off; but possibly it was coveted because unwritten on. Orisfinal copies of this Covenant are by no means uncommon. Mr. David Laing, in ISiT, enumerated twenty-five of those he had examined, and afterwards described other two (Proceedings of the Sot: of Aiitiq. of Scot. iv. 2-t6-248 ; xii. 64, 2l6). The extract already given from Rothes' Re/alion shows why there were so many ; and Brown of Wamphray thus explains why some copies do not bear local signatures : — ' Such willingness was among the nobles and others, that they had their own copies of the Covenant, subscribed by others of the nobles, barons, and ministry, laid up in their charter chists, where possibly many of them are at this day' (ApolojielicaU Uclalion, l665, p. 48). (374) Lent by david pullsifer per d.wid mlrr.w, li..d. It is now the property of the Kelvingrove Museum, Glasgow. THE GLASGOW ASSEMBLY OF 1638 'THE DECLINATOR AND PROTESTATION of the Archbishop and Bishops, of the Church of Scotland, and others their adherents within that Kingdome, against the pretended Generall Assembly holden at Glasgow Novemb. 21, l638.' This small-quarto pamphlet, of 18 leaves including the title, was printed by warrant of the King, and published in London in l639. (1551) Lent by david Murray, ll.d. ■THE PROTESTATION of the GeneraU Assemblie of the Church of Scotland and of the Noblemen, Barons, Gentlemen, Borrowes, Ministers and Commons, Subscribers of the Covenant, lately renewed, made in the high Kirk, and at the Mercate Crosse of Glasgow, the 28. and 29. of November l6."S. Printed at Glasgow by George Anderson in the Yeare of Grace l63S.' This is also a small quarto, and including the title only contains 8 leaves ; but it is the earliest known specimen of Glasgow printing. (.S'ee Fig. 80.) (837) Lent by george gray. Both of these pamphlets (837 and 1551) are embodied in the Large Declaration, a work pro- fessedly ^vritten by the King, but undoubtedly from the pen of Dr. Balcanquall, Dean of Durham, which was published in l639 ; there they are respectively to be found on pp. 248-264 and 294-302 ; and Pfterkin has reprinted them in his liecord.i of the Kirk of Scotland, 1838, pp. 99-10(), 119-122. The title of the Declinator indicates its nature. Its subscribers must have looked forward to that reforming .\ssembly with feelings akin to despair. When Archbishop .Spotswood heard that the National Covenant had been renewed in the Greyfriars' Churchyard, he exclaimed — ' Now all that we have been doing these thirty years past is thrown down at once ' ; and fearing violence he presently fled to London (Bishop Guthrj''s Memoirs, 1748, p. 35). But at the end of the Declinator. he and the Archbishop of Glasgow, and the Bishops of Edinburgh, Galloway, Ross, and Brechin. declare, 'as wee are readie with our bloud, so with our hand wee have subscribed these presents,' at Holyrood, Newcastle, and Glasgow, on the l6th. 17th, and 20th of November l63S. This 'copy of the pamphlet bears many marginal notes in a contemporary hand. On the title-page — opposite the words, 'the pretended Cienerall Assembly' — there is written, 'Though indicted bv v= Kino-.' The Assembly met in the Cathedral, on the 21st of November, and Alexander Henderson was chosen Moderator by all the votes — ' not ane contrare except his oune.' A week later the Roval Commissioner, the Marquis of Hamilton, dissolved the Assembly in the King's name under the highest pains ; and next day, the 29th of November, at the market cross, by a formal proclamation. he forbade their further meeting under pain of treason, and commanded the members 'to depart forth of this city of Glasgow, within the space of xxiiii houres.' While he was leaving the !)2 HlSTOlllCxVL AND rEUSONAL RELICS Assembly a protest was being read, ami it was afjain read after his pruclnmation at the niaiket cross. This is the Priilfxlalioii whieh was i)riiite(l by (leorjje Anderson in pamphlet tbrni. The Assembly continued to sit until the 'iUth of December, and duriiii; that time condemned ' the six late pretended Assemblies,' respectively held at Linlithgow in Kiofi and Kios.at (Ilasgow in KilO, THE PROTESTATION OF THE GENERALL JSSEMBLIE OF THE CHURCH OF SCOTLAND, AND OF THE NOBLEMEN, BARONS, GENTLEMEN, BORKO^ESy Ml- NISTERS AND COMMONS-, Subfcribcrs of the Covenant, lately renewed, made in the high Kirk, and at the MtrciittCrefc of Gaafgow, iht i%^and 29. of November 1638. Printed at Glafgox^ by (^orge f^nderfitt in the Tcare pfdrae^, 1538. rir., 80.— TITLE-I'AGE OF ' THE GLASGOW I'KOTESTATION ' OF 1638 at Aberdeen in Kilt), at St. Andrews in l6l7, and at Perth in ifJlS, as ' unfree, unlawful!, and null'; eondemned the Service Book, Book of Canons, Book of Ordination, and the Hijfh ( oni- mission ; deposed and excommunicated the two Archbishops and four Bisliojis who had signed the Declinator, and also the Bishops of Aberdeen and Dunblane ; deposed the Bishops of Moray, Orkney, Lismore, the Isles, Dunkeld, and Caithness; declared Episcopacy to have been abjured THE COVENANT AND ROYALISTS 93 by the Covenant in l.")80, and to be removed out of this Kirk; declared the Five Articles of Perth to have been abjured, and to be removed; and passed many useful Acts besides, includinjj one for translating their Moderator from Leuchars to Edinburgh. THRISSELS BANNER. This rare broadside is a most ingenious and patriotic production. It has been beautifully engraved on copper, and both of the known copies are printed on satin. In describing the Dundee copy, the Rev. John C. Johnston, in his Treasunj of the Saitli.ih Covenant, Edinburgh, 1887, p. 6"43, speaks of it as 'a national standard,' which 'was borne by the Covenanters when with a gallant army they marched into England, August 28, l640, and took possession of Newcastle.' But no one, who has seen either of the original copies, will agree with him in supposing that it was carried in battle. It is much too small and elaborate for that. The extreme length, measuring from the border lines which enclose the whole device, is \d\ inches, and the breadth is 10| inches. As the reduced facsimile conveys a far better idea of it than words could possibly do, it would be quite superfluous to describe its general appearance. On the board of the clasped Bible is the text : — remove the wicked from the KING IX righteousxes THEN SHAL HEE UEiGX. PROVERBioRiM x\\ . V. The vcrse was probably thrown into this pithy form by the designer of the banner. As reign would be pronounced ring, it is evidently intended to rhyme with king. On the edge of the Bible are the words : — verbum DOMixi MANET IN STERNUM. The handle of the sword bears the motto: — crede mihi verum UBERTAs OPTIMA RERUM NUNQUAM sERviLi SUB XExu vivETE FiLii. This was a favourite provcrb with Wallace. He had it constantly on his lips, and acknowledged that it had had a decided influence upon his life. Walter Bowei; and John Major give it in the slightly different form : It has also been given a.s- ' Dico liln ventrn Hbertas optima renim Numjuam seriiili siih nexti viuitofili. ' ' Ut sapias ventm, Hbertas optima leniiii.' - On the finger-guard of the sword are the words : — in defence ; and on the blade the admoni- tion : O KING OF ROYAL H.\CE REMEMBER MV TRUE WORD THOU VENTUKS CROWN AND PEACE BY DRAWING OF THY SWORD. The ribbon, which passes through the five loops of the banner, and so attaches it to the sword, bears three mottoes, viz. domixus firmet vinculum pacis : if this kxot loused bee it's thy loss AXD THY HEIRS W HITHER THE VICTORI BEE OX THY SYDE OR THEIRS : HOXY SOIT QUI MAL Y PENSE. The scroll on the left-hand side of the sword has — pro lege rege grege. On the thistle there is the motto— liberum-hilarem ; and on its leaves — si deus nobiscum quis contr.\ nos. The inscription on the banner is perfectly legible in the facsimile. It will be noticed that, as in the case of all the mottoes save one, there is a full stop after each word. The sentiment of the inscription is more vigorous than jioetical, the author's muse having been sadly hampered by the design of the double cross, and even the meaning of some of the lines is somewhat obscured. The letters within the St. .Andrew's Cross read thus : — WHEN CSLY THRISSELS KING OUR FAVTHFUL STEWARH BORN S. ANDREWS ORGS ENIOV'u WF. lOv'l) liV TRtF.THS PIANTATION ; and those within the Cross of St. George : — BUT SINCE THE DOUIiKL CROS OF BRniAN'S CHIEF WAS WORN WORLDLINGS Din F.VF.R CROSS OUR PEACE AND REFORMATION. Even although ' 1()K)' had not been on the banner its approximate date could easily have been assigned. Taken together, the references to the renewing of ' our oath and covenant.' to ' Scotichronicon, 1759, ii. 223; Historia Majoris Brilannire, 152 1, fol. Ixxiii. -' Liter PliiscarJensis, 1877, p. 225. 94 HISTOIUCAL AXD I'EUSONxVL RELICS the sweeping of our cluircli, and to the 'right sentence' passed on the bishops, show that it could not be placed before thi' nicetiiig of tlie Glasgow Assembly ; while the statement that the ' hvrliiigs.' • lyke vipers-brood,' ' stil troubling our state al)yde,' seems to imply that tlie bishops had not yet been cast out of Parliament, and that therefore it must have preceded the 2d of June 1()40. The motto, too, on the pennant, shows that the good cause was prevailing ; and that already quoted, as the first on the ribbon round the sword, ])robably refers to the Treaty of Berwick, signed on the 18th of June l().'i<). That the designer of the bainier had a kindly regard for the King is evident enough from the motto on the scroll, on tin- kft-h.ind side of the sword; from the text on the Bible tin-owing all the blame on his counsellors ; fnmi the way in which he is mentioned as ' Thrissels Jewel,' and as ' worthy famous prince ' ; and from the national j)ride in the long line of his kingly descent : — scots twelf tymes nynt man-king hold fast king Fergus cnowN. In the label under the ' Banner' are the lines: — Tho al the Ptnv'rs and Strength Of Satan Hel and Death marked with Worldly Toyes Thyne (0 Lord) here Oppressed, Curiyng Curs\i Fooles at length QonVcnXles through Fyr's-Breath hanieyK Thy Upper-Joyes Thee Ti'///; Thyne shal see Blessed. Immediately below these lines there is the date KiK). As in the lines on the banner itself, so in these the author's double purpose has clouded the sense. Here one object was to preserve his own name, and it will be observed that all the words are in italics except — ' Thomas Cuiiynghame Of Thyne Content Thee.' No such motto appears to have been adopted by any of the branches of the Cunninghame family. It has been suggested that ' Thvne ' may have been the name of his residence or estate ; but, although a laborious search has been made, no place of that name has been found in Scotland. 'I'here is, however, a small town of that name in Belgium, about thirteen miles south from Naniur. and therefore the information vouchsafed as to the authorship may be c(iuivalent to — I am Thomas C'\nniynghame of Thyne ; be content with that, for you will learn no more. There was then no minister of the Church of Scotland bearing that name, nor since, unless perhaps within very recent years. But there was a Thomas Cunnynghame a merchant or factor at Campvere, if not at that time certainly very soon after it. He was ajipointed Conservator of the Scottish privileges in the Low Countries, and, during the troublous times of the Covenant, did much to help his countrymen at home in their struggle against the King. There are many references to him in the Acts of the rarllaineiil.s of Scotland between I()4'.') and 1 ();■>!. From one of these it appears that he and his partner, James Weir, had furnished ' to this kingdome, in its greatest straits,' ' ammunition and arms ' amounting in value to £99,355, 9s. 4d. Scots, ' besides great quantaties of powlder and match sent be them to Newcastle.' In all likelihood Thomas Cunnynghame of the Thrissels Banner and Thomas Cunnynghame of Campvere were one, and he may have been located in the Belgian town of Thyne in 1()4(), The copy of the broadside, from which the accompanying facsimile has been prepared, is now the jiroperty of the Kelvingrove Museum, Glasgow. (See Plate xir.) Lent by kklvixorove museim, LETTER, from General Alexander Leslie, and other leading Covenanters, to a minister of the French King concerning Colonel Erskine, probably a brother of Sir Charles Erskine. The letter, which is written in French, and of which there is a translation in the Fourth Report of the Roi/al Commission on Historical Manuscripts, p. 52.'J, is dated from the Camp at Dunse on the 20th of August 1640. The writers explain that 'the affairs of this kingdom being for the present in such a state that, to prevent an inevitable ruin,' they have been constrained to assemble a good army, and so have not been able ' this last year to permit Colonel Erskine to transport his regiment.' and the same necessity constrains them at this hour to employ him for defence of the country. This, however, 'will not cause any prejudice to the service of His Majesty, but on the contrary will advance it greatly, for peace being made (which is the object of our desires and the wish of PLATE XII. THRISSELS BANNER. -?r-^ TandeTn^;^ '^^'SonaCrUjift. ■^^^N■■'HE^•F>-t:n.■FA^"^Hru^ ■ HtiAWrslulFi ~~ USCOUKTSpnA C;fHIS DO<«.LLED 4oLmig HT Y —I TP.UE'HE •GOD." HOLD ')Un TKoSS EU Ll:S I O A. ■ >■' 1 <■' ''■ M -^Kl N G D I L I G F. N T MOKTALh< ^Kif N/>.T T0 1^ .r)MAN-MyKTHMNGKOF/|liNOKV0n;s -I HAVt- M'.VX; Rw ^ ■L iF vV t Vw Vvf^? ^IK- H 1 M "o VCVJ D 1 n B -4X*1^ET0^PLANT toNlxs^-ouaS i^^^o Gf^^s^^K- o u K . o A t4^ndcovenant NOLAW' coin n .TWsKMrvrMic^Jn f'^^E^ '^'V'V^P-^ '^'^^'^^'-^'^ED OPPRESSOR? PI OT St j;^^S^!^r^^D^^ E,VA 5 ■ TR..U E • P B. O M I S'D S-FJi-^B V- t^E-T CHMSTIAN.S-NOT-GaaAVjk^RJD RF ro SF ^^v^m W^T^v^'^-^rP^^^^ '^"^ E KG O bl E THI&MULTIPLYEi-^ l\ G rY?: i- ^ ^^^'^MN'S'Ot R?S>0 ^ J^ L • 5 KC ? E # )f^ifl^,^ij;iJ.C\> ■■■'-- ■■■'■'■. -,1, LJ THE COVENANT AND ROYALISTS 95 our soul), we will show by the assistance which we shall give to the said Colonel in his levies, and by the goodness of the troops which he will bring for the service of His Majesty, that we good Scots shall never forget the old alliances and interest which we have in common with France.' Signed by A. Leslie, Rothes, J. E. Mar, Argyll, Balcarres, Balmerino, and Seafort. (332) Lent by sheriff eiiskine mlhkav. Printed Copy of the SOLEMN LEACIUE AND C()\ENANT of KiiS. The object of this bond was much wider than that of the National Covenant. It was designed not only to preser^■e the reformed religion in Scotland, but ' the reformation of religion in the kingdomes of England and Ireland, in doctrine, worship, discipline, and government, according to the Word of Ood and the example of the best reformed Churches ; ' and ' to bring the Churches of God in the three kingdomes to the nearest conjunction and uniformity in religion, confession of faith, form of church-government, directory for worship and catechizing.' The swearers were also bound to endeavour to extirpate Popery, Prelacy, superstition, heresy, schism, and profanity ; ' to preserve the rights and privileges of the Parliaments, and the liberties of the kingdomes ; and to preser\'e and defend the Kings Majesties person and authority, in the preservation and defence of the true religion, and liberties of the kingdomes.' It was while the General Assembly and Convention of Estates were sitting in Edinburgh in August l643 that the Commissioners from the English Parliament arrived to crave help. In a paper, which they delivered to the Convention on the 12th, and to the Assembly on the 15th of August, they expatiate on the zeal of the English Parliament in the reformation of religion, and their reciprocal desire that ' the two kingdomes might be brought into a near conjunction in one form of church-government, one directorie of worship, one catechisme, &c., and the foundation laid of the utter extirpation of Popery and Prelacie out of both kingdomes.' They add, 'The most ready and effectuall means whereunto is now conceived to be, that both nations enter into a strict union and league, according to the desires of the two houses of Parliament.' The opinion of Alexander Henderson— that the league should be religious as well as civil— so commended itself that the Solemn League and Covenant, drafted by him, was approved with great unanimity by both the Convention and Assembly on the 17th of August. At the same time it was resolved that, after being approved by the English Parliament and the Westminster Assembly, it ' be printed at the return thereof.' After some very slight changes, it was accepted by that Assembly and both Houses of that Parliament; and was solemnly sworn by the House of Commons and the Westminster Divines on the 25th of September.i Accordingly, on the 11th of October, the Commission of the General Assembly ordained that it be 'forthwith jirinted, and that the printed copies, bound with some clean sheets of paper, be sent unto the ministry; and that every minister, upon the first Lord's day after the same shall come to his hands, read and explain it, and by exhortation prepare the people to the swearing and subscribing thereof solemnly the Lord's day next immediately following.' It was further ordained that Presbyteries should 'proceed with the censures of the kirk against all such as shall refuse, or shift to swear and subscribe.' And next day the Commissioners of the Convention of Estates ordained that it be sworn • by all his Majesty's subjects of this kingdom,' under certain civil pains. This copy, which is in vellum covers, was signed by the Tolbooth Congregation of Edinburgh, which then met in the west part of St. tJiles, and, like all the other printed ones, it is a small quarto. The relative Acts of the General Assembly and Convention of Estates of 17th August, of the Commission of Assembly of 11th October, and of the Commissioners of the Convention of Estates of 12th October, are printed with ' The House of Lords did not swear it until the isth of October. In Kebruar)- 1643-4 the English Parliament issued an Ordinance enjoining the taking of the Solemn League and Covenant throughout England and Wales, with Instructions and an Exhortation. With these were printed, in pamphlet form, a copy of the Covenant itself, and the names of the 228 members of the House of Commons who had subscribed. Cromwells name occurs among the others. In the Instructions it is said that the signatures are to be ' in a parchment roll, or a book, whereinto the Covenant is to be inserted, purposely provided for that end, and kept as a record in the parish.' There must have been many parchment copies in England, for Principal Baillie, in writing to a minister in London in 1655, refers to the Covenant which was ' wont to hing on the walls of your churches.' 96 IIISTOURAL AND TEKSOXAL RELICS it. The title rims thus : — 'A Solenine Lcajjiie and C'ovciiant, for Reformation, and Defence of Religion, the Honour and happinesse of tlie Kin^, and tlie I'eaoe and safety of the three kin<;domes of Scotland, England, .md Ireland.' It was printed in Edinburgh by Evan Tyler. On the last printed page there is written : — ■ Edinb : in Ecel. oeeidentalj ti."; Oetob. 1()4.!.' Then follow the names of Mr. Uobert Douglas, minister, and thirteen others, ineluding Hepburne of Huniby, A. Ker, Advocate, four elders and four deacons. The next thirteen pages are filled with names, five groups of which are not autographs, but were adhibited, as a note explains, ' w ith our handis at the pen led be the notar under\vrittin at our command becaus we can not wryte oin- selttis.' The last five who sign by a notary were • pairt of the parochynneris of the West I'aroehyn of Edr . . . being af the toun of Edr. about our lautfull eflaires and bussines the tyme of the subscryving of the prefixed prentcd covenant by the rest of our nychtbouris.' .Mtogether there are about seven hundred and fifty names, and of these barely a third are by the notaries. This copy was bought in the Cowgate about seventy years ago by Mr. .James Watt, millwright, Biggar, who carefully treasured it until he gave it over to his son, who in turn h.iiidid it o\er t o o Q < D O ►J n o IZ) k ^0 ^ -f- \^ r- ta :i5 a < iz: u^' ^ w ^ o O c o 2: C) o (« V « "a £ CO C ^2 o C rs a X - O ^ by) T3 § ti^ o Co THE COVENANT AND ROYALISTS 97 tlie Solemn Leajjiie, signed by Charles the Second and the nobilitj' at Scone on the 1st of . January 1 65 1, were in the possession of James Anderson, the author of the Diplomala Scoliw {^Ibiil. iv. iitO, 2.50). Charles had previously sworn both Covenants at the mouth of the Spey, on the 2.'5d of June 1650; and the copy of the Solemn League then signed by him was presented to Parliament on the 1st of the following July, and was ordained to be kept by the clerk of register' {Acls of the Pari, of Scot laud, vol. vi. part ii. p. HQii). (375) Lent by Miss brown. THE GREAT MONTROSE PORTRAIT of the Marquis of Montrose, at the age of seventeen, half-length, life-size. Copied from Jamesone's original, belonging to the Earl of Southesk, and preserved at Kinnaird Castle. An engraving of the original was executed in 1848, by R. C. Bell, for the Memorials of Montrose (Maitland Club) ; and it also appears as the frontispiece to the first volume of Mr. Mark Napier's Memoirs of Moiilrusc. ])ul)lished in 185(). (337) Lent by the dike of montrose. POU'l'R.Vrr of the .Marijui^ of Montrose, half-length, life-size, by Janiesone. According to a narrative on the back, it was painted while Montrose was hiding in England in l640, in the house of a Mr. Colquhoun, a clergyman, second son of the Camstraddan familj*. About 1755 Robert Colquhoun, Camstraddan, became the owner of it, and in 1776 Lord Frederick Campbell carried it to London and had it cleaned. There it was greatly admired by Sir Joshua Reynolds and others. This traditionary account of the painting is not altogether accurate, for in 1640 Montrose was under no necessity of taking refuge in England; but there can be no doubt as to the authenticity of the portrait. In comparing Montrose and Claverhouse, Dr. John Hill Burton says :- — ' We have good portraits of both heroes, preserving faces that haunt the memorj'. That of Montrose is as of a large-built, strong man, with well-formed, grave, inscrutable features, unsullied by any expression of wickedness or weakness. Remove from the likeness of the other anything identifying the soldier, and we have in flesh and lineaments a woman's face of brilliant complexion and finely-cut features. But there is in it nothing of feminine gentleness or compas- sion — it might stand for the ideal of any of the classic heroines who have been immortalised for their hatreds and cruelties' (History of Scotland, revised ed., vol. vii. p. 360). (See Plate xiv.) [An elaborate account of this picture will be found in Mr. Mark Napier's Memoirs of Montrose, 1856, vol. i. App. pp. v-vii; and for that w-ork it was engraved in line by R. C. Bell. After quoting the narrative on the back of it, Mr. Napier points out that ' In l6lO Montrose was still a Covenanting commander, passing occasionally between their leaguer in Newcastle, and Edinburgh, but under no necessity whatever of concealment. So far, then, the tradition is in fault. The portrait itself, however, sufficiently establishes the main fact that it is Montrose, by Jamesone. It displays every characteristic of the master, and has been more elaborately executed than the Kinnaird portrait, but not so well preserved. Moreover, we have the date, l64'0, in the corner of the picture, where Jamesone usuallj" painted it, and in the same kind of figures.' When Mr. Napier wrote, the picture was the property of ' Robert Colquhoun, Esq., late of Camstraddan, H.B.M. Consul-General at Bucharest.' and deposited with Principal Macfarlan of Glasgow. It ' On Uie 26th of June 1889, a copy of the National Covenant realised ;{r'35. at 'he sale of the Burton-Conslable MSS. The purchaser forbade the auctioneers to divulge his name. It w.is thus described in the catalogue, lot 464 : — ' Confession of Faith of the Kirk of Scotland, on pardiment, with the af probation " by my solemne Oalh, for myself and successors of the National Covenant and the solemne League and Covenant," signed by Charles I. himself.' There can be no doubt that the compiler of the catalogue is in error in staling that it bears the signature of Charles the First. It must be one of those signed by his more pliable and unscrupulous son at Spey or Scone. N 98 mSTOlilCAl. AM) rKUSONAl> KKJ.ICS was acquired hv the Duke of Montrose in ISTI, on the death of 'Sir Hohcrl (■. ( (>l(|idi(>un , K.C.H." (Hiilloeh's J.ij'c o) Cnurise Jiimi:\vm\ 18.S."., ji KiO). ,1. M. (J.] (338) Lent by the dikk ok montrose. CHAIR of the Mar(|uis of Montrose. It has a liigli hack, is a ])retty desifjn, richly carved, and bears tlie following inscription on a silver plate: — 'This chair was j)resented to the Duchess of Montrose by William Lockliart, l'.s(i', and belonired to the Marquis of Montrose.' (339) I.tnt bv llif 111 hi; OF MoxrnosE. The leading events of Montrose's life and his tragic death are so well known tliat it is (piite unnecessary to repeat tlieni here. His vigour, bravery, and genius are frankly admitted by those who think least of him ; while those who regard him as one of the most brilliant of generals and most chivalrous of patriots exjjcrience more or less difficult}' in trying to establish his consistency. During the first part of his i)ublic career he was a most enthusiastic Covenanter, surpassing all others in his impetuous zeal, but. during the latter ))ortion, the open and daring adversary of his former friends. It has long been the connnon belief that disappointment and envy wrought the change. His apologists, of course, have found other reasons. Wishart, his biographer and cha})- lain, attributed it to his discovery, in l()3f), of the real object of the Covenanters — a desire to extirpate the Stewarts, beginning with the king ; but there are abundant proofs of their loyalty. Although, according to Wishart, Montrose detested 'such horrible wickedness,' yet, as the Covenanters ' had drawn over almost the whole nation to their side, he judged himself alone too weak to check their power ; and therefore thought it ))roper not to declare his purpose too suddenlj' or too rashly' (Wishart's Memoirx n/' Moiilmxc, 181.<), p. 2.'J). His most voluminous and devoted chanipi(m lays great stress on the expression of Principal Baillie — ' the canniness of Rothes had brought in Montrose to our partj' ' (Laing's Baillie, ii. 2()1); and maintains that the proceedings in the Cieneral Assembly of ifiS.O, and in the Parliament of 1()39 and 1()K), which ratified those of the Assembly, ' attracted the attention of Montrose, and arrested his progress in that downward path' (Napier's Memoirs of Mont rose, 18,")(), i. 127, 221). Hut he has published a letter from Montrose to the king, written after that Parliament, in which he declares that ' they have no other end but to preserve their Religion in purity, and their liberties entire. That they intend the overthrow of monarchical government is a calinnny.' Mr. Xapicr is careful to state that this refers to 'the Scottish nation generally,' not to 'the covenanting faction' ; but at that time the nation were Covenanters, and Montrose further says in the same letter : — ' Any difference that may arise upon the Acts pa.ssed in the last Parliament, your Majesty's presence, and the advice and endeavours of your faithful servants, will easily accommodate ' (Ihid. pp. 311,312). The most recent vindication of the great marquis — a calm, clear, and able article — appeared in Black- mood's Maga:iiie for November 188" ; and, though savouring of the bar as well as the bench, it has been publicly attributed to ' the liighest judicial functionary in Scotland.' The writer disdains the supposed influence of Rothes in winning Montrose to the Covenanters as derogatory to his intelligence, and as involving on his ])art ' reckless indifference to his country's and his sovereign's interests,' and, by charging the change on the Covenanters themselves, endeavours to prove that Montrose was consistent throughout. He has proved that Montrose adopted this line of defence, but he has not evinced that it was well founded. The National Covenant of Ki.'iS he characterises as ' a vigorous, manly, and perfectly legal declaration and protest in favour of liberty' ; anil asserts that ' the nation were left without any alternative, and were bound to rise, as thev did in such strength of numbers and influence, in defence of their constitutional rights." And on the other hand, he tries to show that the Solemn League and Covenant was of quite a different nature, emphatically declaring that it was 'aggressive and revolutionary,' that its ' obvious and undisguised object was the subversion of the National Church of England, the aboli- tion of its government, worship, .uul discipline,' and that it ' preached a crusade of intolerance' ; PLATE XIV. PORTRAIT OF THE MARQUIS OF MONTROSE. THE COVEXAM' AND ROYALISTS 99 and that Montrose repudiated it ' as unconstitutional and rebellious, and on that ground broke away from the extreme party in the Church, and supported the King.' At the same time he scathingly condemns the fanaticism, the faithlessness, the absolutism of Charles. On behalf of the Covenanters it may be urged that as they knew the perfidious character of the King thev were warranted in uniting with their Englisli brethren to overthrow Episcopacy in that countr\-. in order to preserve their own hard-won liberties in this ; and that, even although such a step had been unnecessary to secure their own safety, they were only fulfilling their duty to their fellow- subjects in striving to gain for them a liberty equal to their own. The Solemn League and Covenant breathes the same loyalty to the King as the National Covenant had done before it ; and it must not be forgotten that almost a year before it was drawn up the English Parliament had decided that the hierarchy should be dissolved. The charge of intolerance against the Solemn League would be a curious plea to excuse the resiling of one — the onlv one — who had forced subscription to the National Covenant at the point of the sword. And if Wishart and Napier are right in fixing on l().'i<) as the date of Montrose's defection, the blame cannot possiblv be laid on a document which was not penned till four vears afterwards. DUNBAR MEDAL. Bust of Cromwell to left, in armour, bare-headed, long hair, and battle in the distance. legend — 'word at dvnbah. THE LORD OF HOSTS, septem. v. .3. Ifi.^O.' Below the shoulder, in small letters, there is the artist's name — t. si.mox. f. This small oval medal, which was made in two sizes, is described in Cochran-Patrick's Catalogue of the Medals of Scotland, p. 81, and in Hawkins' MedalUc llhist rations, i. 3.91, .'i92. Its design was suggested by Cromwell ; and Thomas Simon, who had been appointed joLnt-chief engraver of the English Mint in 1()45, ' was specially ordered by Parliament to proceed to Scotland to take the " effigies, portrait, or statue of the Lord General to be placed on the medal." ' The smaller size is now extremeh- rare. Others were struck at a later period after the die of the reverse — which shows the House of Commons — was lost, and these are less rare. This specimen, which is in silver, is one of the smaller size, but the reverse is plain. (319) Lent by dr. Alexander p.\tterson. L?"TTER or ORDER, from Charles the Second, to ' Sir Charles Erskin kn' Governour of our Castle of Dumbarton, or in his absence to his Lieutenant there.' This letter, which was 'given at our Court at Sterling the 24th day of July l651,' bears that the King's will is that the Governor deliver to the bearer, ' George Browne, Gent., secretarie to our right trustie and right welbeloved cozen the Earle of Derbie, two of those gunnes which were brought lately from the Isle of Sillv . . . together with a proportion of ball for each gunn.' He was also to assist him to impress a vessel to transport them to the Isle of Man, and to give orders for getting them aboard. On the back there is a note from Erskine to Lieutenant-Col. Crawford asking him on sight of ' the inclosit ordor' to deliver two of the guns tiiat came from ' Sillie, excep the long coper sekkar.' with forty shot tor each gun, if ' ther be anie amongest thes ball cam from Sillie.' ' Feall not heiarin as you will ansuer.' And, by way of postscript, he adds : — ' .\s you respect me be cevill to this worthie gentillman the bearer heiarof ' Sir Charles Erskine was the god-son of King Charles the First, and the fourth son of John, Earl of Mar, and his countess, Lady Marie Stewart. He married Mary Hope, second daughter of Sir Thomas Ho])c, the famous covenanting Lord .\d\ o- cate ; and was appointed a Commissioner to the Westminster Assembly. By his cousin, the Duke of Lennox, he had been appointed Governor of Dumbarton Castle. (330) Lent by sheriff erskine mirrav. TWO DRAFTS OF THE CAPITULATION OF DUMBARTON CASTLE. Neither is dated. Both have been subjected to many alterations, especially one. which is no doubt the 100 lUSTOKR AJ. AXD I'ERSOXAL RELICS earlier. Some of the stipulations arc tliat the garrison was to be dismissed, the cannons dis- mounted, all the new fortifications dismantled, tiie arms and ammunition laid in since the place was garrisoned to be delivered uj). tliat the Castle be not re-garrisoned either for the Scots or English, that the ])risoners be dismissed, that no oath or engagement be imposed on any in the garrison, that Sir Charles Erskine have liberty to dwell in the Castle with his family at what times he pleaseth, and at other times to have a servant or two in his stead. In the earlier of the two drafts, Lieutenant-General Monck undertakes that it shall not be garrisoned by the English ; and the Governor, that it shall not be garrisoned by the Scots. The conditions signed by Lambert on the 2,0th of December Itijl, which differ materially in several respects from the drafts, are given in Irving's Hixlon/ of Diimharloimhiir, KSfiO, pp. 201, 202. (331) Lent by siikiiii-'k kiiski.nk mi iih\\. EMB.\RKATION MEDAL of Charles the Second. Bust of Charles in armour. The face is almost full, and the hair is long. Legend — ' caholls • ii • n : r. • magn.*; ■ bhit • fh \ • et. hib • iiE.\.' On the reverse there is a Heet under sail, over which Eame blows a trumpet, and holds in her right hand a scroll, with the motto — ' soli deo glohia.' Below, a shell is inscribed — ' s.m. is liil Hullanl Fan Sckeveling afgevaren naer si/n Conincnjken a' IO'()0 Ji'tni 2.' Tlie legend is: ' ix nomine MKo e.valtauitur cohnu Eifs. psAL. 89.' This medal, wliich is 2-7.') inches in diameter, was executed in Holland by Peter \'an .\beele, and, like his other medals, is embossed and chased, the two sides being joined by a rim. It commemorates the embarkation of Charles at Scheveningen on his Restoration. The date is according to the new style, wliich had then been adopted in Hol- lanil. There are four varieties of this medal, two of which are very rare, one indeed perhaps unique, but the variety of which this is a specimen is not uncommon. (321) Lent by the marqi'is of bitk. SAMUEL HUTHERFURD'S LETTERS. Itilik 'Joshua Redivivus, or Mr. Rutherfoord's Letters, Divided in Iwo Paiix. . . . Printed in the year < 1.) ijc L.vmi." 12mo. |)p. xlviii, ,'J7(). Also 'The Third Part, containing some more Letters by the same Author,' and the postscript by another author, n.d. Pj). 120. Bom at Nisbet, in the parish of Crailing, in or about the year KiOO, Samuel Rutherfurd suc- cessively became a Regent of Humanity in Edinburgh University, the pastor of Anwoth, a imsoner at Aberdeen, Professor of Divinity and Principal of St. Mary's College, St. Andrews; and was the author of twenty-three publications, most of which were issued in his lifetime. .Vmong his more famous works are his Lex lie.v, and the Tri/it/ and Tiinmpli of Faith, first printed, respec- tively, in l()l-4 and Kii.) ; the rarest is Tlie Last and Ileavenli/ Speeches and (Uuriuns Departure of John, J'iscount Kcnmnir, published in Kit;); while that by which he is now most wideh' known — written not for the press, but out of the fulness of his lieart to his dearest friends — is the collec- tion oi Letters gathered by his faithful amanuensis, Robert M'Ward, who was one of the ministers of (Jlasgow from 1656 to I66I, and who died in exile in 168I. Rutherfurd narrowly escaped martyrdom. After the Restoration he was deprived of his professorial chair and of his ministerial charge ; he was confined to his house, and his stipend confiscated ; and, though dj-ing, he was cited to appear before Parliament on a charge of high treason. The principles of his Lex Hex are now acknowledged to underlie the British constitution, but then it was ignominiously burned at St. Andrews, Edinburgh, and London. M'Ward relates, in his preface to the Letters, that when ' he was upon the threshold of glory, read}' to receive the innnortall crown,' he said, ' Now my tabernacle is weak, and I would think it a more glorious way of going hence, to lay down my life for the cause, at the Cross of Edinburgh or St. Andrews; but I submit to my Master's will.' He died on the I9th of March l66l. The first edition of his Letters was printed in Holland in l66l.. .\nother, which M'Ward repudiated, came out in I671. and the third in l673. The last contained a Third Part, consisting of sixty-eight epistles not formerly printed : and as many copies of that THE COVEXAXT AXD ROYALISTS 101 part were printed separately ' as they, who have the first' edition, 'may have that part by itself, without being put to a necessity of buying the whole again together.' This is a very nice copy of the first edition in vellum, with gilt edges, and with it the third part is bound up, but it is quite a different impression from that found in the copies of 1675. (448) Lent by wm. m\oi.\tm. BIBLE, said to have been used by the Marquis of Argyll on the scaffold. The binding is modem, but the book itself is an old black-letter. It is a quarto, containing the Old and New Testaments, printed at London by Robert Barker in I()06'. It also embraces the Apocrypha and two concordances printed by Barker in that year; and Stemhold and Hopkins' version of the Psalms, with music, 'London, imprinted for the Company of Stationers, l605.' Paul Delaroche, in his picture of the execution of Argyll, used this volume, and it was presented to the lender by the Rev. W. \V. Havergal. Argyll, who, though naturally timorous, met his hard fate with great courage and composure, was beheaded by the maiden, at the Cross of f",dinburgh, on the 27th of May 1661, and his head was placed on the Tolbooth, where Montrose's had previously been. In his dving speech, which is printed in Xaphtali, Wodrow's Ilislori/. the Scots n'orlhies, and Mac- kenzie's Memoirs, he declares : — ' God hath laid engagements upon Scotland : we are tied by Covenants to Religion and Reformation : these that were then unborn are yet engaged.' (325) Lent by a. j. svmingtox. JAMES GUTHRIE PORTRAIT of James Guthrie, half-length, life-size, and painted on wood, by an unknown artist. The face bears an expression of earnest solemnity, and tlu' liair is brought down on the brow in the same manner as Gerard's is shown in Beza's Icoiics. (421) Lent by the trustees of the smith institute, Stirling. JAMES GUTHRIE'S ARM-CHAIR is a good example of the work of the first quarter of the seventeenth century. With the exception of the top-rail, which is carved, it is very ]>Iain. (422) Lent by the trustees ok the smith institute, Stirling. Few men have been tired with such an ardent zeal and yet possessed such a calm tempera- ment as James Guthrie. After being a regent in St. Leonard's College at St. Andrews, he was minister of Lauder from 1(J42 to iGiQ, and then he was translated to Stirling. Wodrow's father told him that when Guthrie swore the Covenant, he said to some of the ministers present, • I know 1 will die for what 1 have done this day ; but 1 cannot die in a better cause ! ' He was one of the uncompromising leadei-s of the Protestors; and Cromwell, with whom he had argued, said he was 'a short man and would not bow.' As Guthrie had pronounced the sentence of excommunication against Middleton in 1 (),)(), there was little ditliculty in choosing him, after the Restoration, as the minister of whom an example should be made, .\ccording to Burnet, 'though all people were disgusted at the Earl of Middletoun's eagerness in the prosecution, the Earl of Tweeddalc was the only man that mo\ed against the putting him to death.' James Dodds has happily expressed the injustice of which Guthrie was the victim in the words whicli he puts in his mouth : ' I W.1S loyal when this kingdom bowed to Cromwell's haughty frown : Few would own the royal standard all defaced and trodden down. Then the flatterers, who doom me to sutTer in the street, Whined and fawned like stricken spaniels round the Lord Protector's feet ! ' He was hanged at the Cross of Edinburgh on the 1st of June l(i(il — a few days after the Marquis of .\rgyll — and his head was fixed on the Nether Bow Port. Burnet, who was an eve- 102 IIISTOUICAI. AND TEllSOXAJ. RELICS witness, says: 'He was so far from sliewinj; any ft-ar, tliat lie rather expresscil a contempt of death. He spoke an hour iijion tlie ladder with the eomjiosedness of a man tliaf was deliverinf; a sermon rather than his last words. He jtislilied all he had done, and exhorted all people to adhere to the ('o\eii.iiit. which he m:ignified hifflily ' {lli.iliiri/ of His Oini Time, IiSi2;5, i. 21(1). On the '-''.id of.lidy l()i)0. Parliament ])assed an .Act reseindinij the sentetiee of forfeiture ]);issed against Cnithrie twcntv-nine years before. l'|{()CI-.\M.\'rK)N, by tlie Scottish Privy Council dated !)th of January 1()()'-', disoharnring all ecclesiastical meetings in synods, presbyteries, and sessions until they be authorised and ordered by the archbishops and bishops, upon their entering unto the government of their respective sees. A eoj)y of this Proclamation, and also of the royal letter on which it proceeds, will be found in Wodrow's Ilix/on/, 18'2S, i. '2tS-'2.>(). ii-j) I^ent by Miss roPi.ANl). PROCLAMATION, ordaining the observance of Lent, issued by the Scottish Privy Council on the 2d of February lb"()+, and printed by Evan Tyler. The Privy Council — ' taking to their considera- tion the great advantage and ])rofit will redound to the lieges of this kingdom by keeping of the time of lent and weekly lish-dayes, viz. Wednesday, Friday, and .Saturday, .nnd discharging of all persons to eat flesh, during that time, upon the saidis dayes, or to kill or sell in mercate any sorts of flesh which are usually bought at other times, whereby the young brood and store might l)e preserved, and the hazard of scarcity and dearth prevented ; and that the fishes, which, by the mercy of God, abound in the salt and fresh waters of this kingdom, might be made use of, for the food and entertainment of the lieges, and the incouragement of many poor families who live by fishing ; the improvement whereof hath been much neglected these many years past, which hath been occasioned by the universal allowance of eating of Hesli and kecjjing of incrcats at all times without distinction or restraint' — ordained, by their .Vet and Proclam.ilion of (Ith Fcbru.n-y l()()2, and by their Act of 12th February I()().'), that Lent should begin and be ke])t as it was before KilO, and that the said weekly fish-days should be strictly observed in all time thereafter under certain penalties. These Acts are now renewed, and the pains and penalties therein contained are to be exacted with all rigour. (324) Lent by mtss copi.Axn. 'THK TLin'LF, DO\'E, under the Absence & Presence of Her Only Choice: or, Desertion ■.\: Deliverance Revived . . . By a Lover of the Celestiall Muses . . . I'.dinburgh. Printed by .\ndrew Anderson, Printer to the Citty aiul (oUedge. .Anno Dom. 1()()4.' 12nio. l')). Ixxvi. ISO. This lover of the Celestial Muses, but very poor j)oet, was .John Fullartoun of Carletoim in (iallo- way. The jn-inter was .Andrew Anderson, who succeeded his father Crcorge .Anderson, (ilasgow's first printer, but who removed to F.dinburgh in or about l()()l. This, one of the rarest books of the Covenanting times, is dedicated to the X'iscountess of Keinniu'e, and, among other curious matter, contains an acrostic on her name, and another on the name of Marion M'Knaicht. 'I'he Viscountess, Fullartoun, and Marion, were all correspondents of Rutherfurd's. Marion, through her mother, was related to Lord Kenunuc : ;nul by her husband, William Fullartoun, Provost of Kirkcudbright, was connected to the author of the Turtle Dove. A short account of John Fullartoun, and a few extracts from his work, are appended to the Miiiiilc-Bouk of Ihc War Committee of the Coreiiaiilrrx ol' h'ir/,ciidhrigfil, 1S,J5, j)p. 201-20."). (449) Lent by WM. m.vcmatii. W.ATEU-COLOUR DRAWING, dated August Hi, IT.OO, of part of the village of Minnihive, now Moniaive, in Dumfriesshire, with its old market-cross. It was near .Mnuiihive that .lames Ren- wick — to be noticed afterwards — was born ; .uul it was to this cross that ,lohn Hlackader's second son, then a boy often, fled in his shirt, when a party of Sir James lurner's troopers searched the TllK COVENANT AM) ROVALISTS 103 house of Barndennoch by night, to apprehend that field-preacher, in the winter of 1665-6. A narrative of the occurrence, written with pathetic sinii)hcity, is embodied in Crichton's Memoirs oj' Bldckatlvr, 1826, pp. 111-116. (451) I-ent l)y WM. macmatu. SWOHD, dug up from the battlefield on the Penthmds. The l)hule is siiifrje-edged, and barely 1 t^ inches in length, and at the junction is 1 ! inches broad. There is no guard, but the blade passes through a flat collar ; and the strongly secured grip is ^l inches in length. For the unpremeditated scuffle at Dairy, the unfortunate rising to which it led, the conflict at Rullion (Jreen on tlie 28th of November 1 666, by which it was suppressed, and the martyrdoms by which it was followed, see the second volume of Wodrow's His/onj, Sir James Turner's Memoirs, .M'Crie's Memoirs of I'cilcli mid liri/ssoii, and X/i])/i/(i/i. (406) Lent by mh. \\d miis. nonns. POUTKAIT of the first Marquis of Tweeddale. Life-size, three-ijuarters length, bare head, flowing hair, and loose robe. John, the second Earl and first Marquis of Tweeddale, was born in 1()2(), and subscribed both the National Covenant and the Solemn League and Covenant. As already mentioned, he was the only one in Parliament who opposed the sen- tence of death being passed on James Guthrie, and that mild opposition led to his own imprison- ment in Edinburgh Castle on the 13th of September I66I ; but soon afterwards the confinement was changed to his own house at Bothans and three miles round it, and this restriction ceased next May. He was restored to favour, and 'was moderate in his measures as a councillor, and opposed the violent Church ])arty under Sharp.' After the Revolution he was appointed Lord Chancellor, and died in Ki.')?- The leading events of his life are recorded in Brunton and Haig's Soialors of the College of Jiislice, pp. .'J.S l-,')8(). [The costume here is a gown of an amber-brown colour. The nobleman in this painting is somewhat younger than in the two mezzotints by John Smith after Kneller, — that strikhig print showing him while still Earl, in ermine-lined peer's robes, to which the date of 169O has been assigned, and the other, dated 1 6,0."), in his robes as Lord Chancellor, and with the purse introduced to the left. — J. M. G.] (333) Lent by the MAiiyuis ok tweeddale. VOLUME OF LAUDERDALE CORRESPONDENCE. This folio volume contains ,'510 letters, chiefly from Lauderdale to the above-mentioned Marquis of Tweeddale. They are nearly ■•dl arranged in chronological order, and are pasted on guards. The first is dated at Whitehall, the Sth of September l6()4'. The first seven are unsigned, the eighth is signed ' Lauderdaill,' and the thirteenth is also signed. They are dated from Whitehall, Oxford, Edinburgh, Highgate, Ualtoun, Mam, Rochester, Dover, etc. No. S3 is dated from Whitehall, Kith May l(i()7, and at the top there is written : ' Burne thir.' It begins : ' Heir is at last the long-promised narrative of the particulars of our great meeting.' It is in a diflerent hand from many of the preceding, !)eing small and cramj)ed ; but is signed like so many others — 'Adieu.' From Nos. 101, lOl, it appears that gold dust was used for blotting. In No. 140, which is dated at Whitehall, 26th M.irch l66'8, he describes 'a ryot of the prentices and some other disorderlj' fellowes,' concerning which a meeting of Council had been held that morning. He says: 'One thing I nmst tell yow that upon occasion of this ryot I told the Duke, If the half of this had been done in Scotland what a noyse wold it have made ? His highness applauded what I s.iid and so did the King, both expressing great confidence in Scotland.' This letter seems to be holograph, but is only signed ' \y^ B. Adieu.' No. 289 is dated, 'Ham last day of Dec'' l672 ; ' while No. 2i);") is dated, ' High- gate 1 1 Jul — 68.' Of those which follow, most have merely the month and day, some not even so much, and none have the year. The corresjiondence was arranged in 186;), and is lettered out- side : — ' Lauderdale Letters belonging to the Marquis of Tweeddale.' It would be superfluous to enter into the details of such a notorious life as that of the once Covenanting John Maitlaiid, who proved so unscrupulous .md ))layed such an infamous part from the Restoration to his death in lf'82. (370) Lent l)y the marquis of tweeddxle. 104 HISTOKILAL AND rEKSONAL RELICS VOLUME OF ROYAL LETTERS. There are twenty-one letters in this handsoinely- Ixnnul volmne, the title of which runs thus: — ■ Royal Letters belonfrinp to the most honourable (ieorjfe. Marquess of Tweeddale, K.T. In the Charter Room at Yester. 1."),'i8-17 47. Arranged at Edinburgh, 1869-' The first is from James the Fifth, and is dated 'Jlst March, and of our reign the '2(ith year, that is, l.J38-o!); and tile last is from Frederick, Prince of Wales, 'i'hev are so mounted on stiff pa))er that both sides can be reail. (371) Lent by the marqcis of TWEEnD.\LE. VOLL'ME OF TWEEDDALE LETTERS, consisting of commissions, instructions, letters from Privy Council, and from Sir John Cope, 1631-1744. The documents in this volume were also arranged and bound in 18()!), and, including a jirinted declaration by Prince Charles Edward, of lOtli October 17kT, they number seventy-eight. No. ti is a licence by the Lords of Secret Council to • Johne Lord Yester and Dame [blank] Ker Lady Yester hir mother [blank] and sich as sail accom- panie yame at tabill to eat flesche dureing the forbiddine tyme of Lent and upon Wedinsdav Fryday and Saturday for the space of ane yeire nixt efter dait heirof without painc or dainger . . . notwithstanding quhatsumever actis and proelamationes in the contrair.' Dated at ' Haly- ruidhous,' 22d February 1()3L (37' a) Lent by the varoiis ok TWKF.nn\i.E. ORDER, for removing the Guards from Glasgow to Linlithgow. This document is so short that it is here given in full : — ' Hallirudhouse E'' 22 day of October 1677. 'The Lords of the eonnnittv of Council for ])ublick affaires doe hereby give order and war- rand to the Earle of Linlithgow Collonell of his Majesties regiment of guardes upon sight hereof to remove that part of the said regiment presently quartered at Glasgow to the toune of Linlith- gow and to quarter them in the said burgh till further order. LvrnERDALE, I.P.D.. Con.' The signature, whicli alone is Lauderdale's, is shaky. (347A) Lent by damd Mlltll\^, i.i..[i. ARCHBISHOP SHARP'S DRIN KING-GLASS. This is the only personal relic of Sharp in the collection. He was branded by his persecuted contemporaries as the .ludas of the Kirk of Scotland, and recent research has furnished fresh proofs of his duplicity and treachery. The tumbler was obtained by Mr. Richard Davidson from Lady Kilbrackmont. being, it is said, all that lu-r family received from the .\rchbishop for £1000 due to them. (336) Lent by the I.lTERAn^ wd wrigr muan society of i'kiitii. PORTILMT, on wood, said to be of John Balfour of Kinloch, better known as IJurlcy. It shows a squint-eyed man, with dark grey hair, hawk-nose, thin lips, wide mouth, and double chin, more strongly resembling the description given by Sir Walter Scott, than either that given l)y .fohn Howie : — 'a little man, squint-eyed, and of a very fierce aspect ' ; or the other given at Kathillet's trial : — ' a laigh broad man, round ruddy-faced, dark brown hair.' He is chiefly remembered for the active part he took in Shaqi's assassination, on Magus Moor, on the .'Jd of May l()7i) ; and for his prowess at Drumclog and Bothwell Bridge. That he was no penniless adventurer is abundantly clear, for, in l(i()8, he lent ' tua thousand marks, good and usuall money of this realme,' to John Seaton of Lathrisk.* His great-granddaughter, Barbara Balfour, was married to James Wemyss. of Winthank and Wemysshall, before 1758 ;2 and Colonel J. Balfour Weniyss offered wager of battle to the author of f)/tl Morlalili/ for traducing the memory of his .•mcestor.' (335) Lent by rohert i.auder. ' Kegislo- of Deeds, 1668-1672, in SheritT-Clerk's office, Cupar. ■ isir William YxaseT's A/eworials 0/ the Wemyss Family, vol. i. p 154. ' M'Crie's Miscellaneous Writings, p. 327. THE COVENANT AND llOVALISTS 10.5 BATTLE OF DRUMCLOG LARGE DRUM; ANDREA FERRARA SWORD; CLAYMORE; and CAPTAIN'S SWORD, captured at Drurnclojr. Preserved by the Whytes of Neuk, Lesmahagow. (384, 385. 386, 387) Lent by mrs. nai'ieh. ANDREA FERRARA BROADSWORD, from Dniniclog, and the COVENANTER M'KERROW'S SWORD, also used there. (396, 446) Lent by a. c. mintvre. ANDREA FERRARA BROADSWORD, used at Drumclog and Bothwell Bridge. (400) Lent by miss jllia j. struthers. .ANDRE.\ FERRAR.\ R.APIER. believed to have been used by a Covenanter at Drumclog. (403) Lent by high Thomson. SWORD, used by Andrew Craig at Drumclog. (404) Lent by miss brown. SWORD, used at Drumclog, and since preserved in the family of Flemings, natives of Strath- aven. (407) Lent by james Fleming. SWORD of James Thomson, Tanhill. Lesmahagow. The blade, which is barely 34 inches in length, is double-edged, bears traces of lettering, has a broad groove on each side, and is li inches in breadth at the junction. The grip is 3i inches in length; the mounting is gone. It has a basket-hilt and semi-globular pommel and nut. (424) Lent bv J. b. dalzell. SWORD of the Covenanter Muir of Darvel, used at Drumclog. The double-edged blade is .'52i inches long, and 1^ broad at the junction. On each side it bears the name: 'Andreia Farara,' and the motto: 'Soli Deo Gloria.' It has a light basket-hilt, and the grip is 3i inches long. (426) Lent by j. b. dalzell. BRASS-BARRELLED BLUNDERBCSS. used at Drumclog by Alexander Hetterick, and still the property of his descendant in Irvine. (438) Lent bv james dickie. The daring publication of their testimony and the burning of the obnoxious Acts of Parlia- ment, by a small jiarty of Covenanters, on the 29th of May 1679, at the market-cross of Ruther- glen, being magnified, ' made a mighty noise both at Glasgow and Edinburgh.' Perhaps the action was not altogether unwelcome to the rulers, who, there is reason to suspect, were anxious to get something which could be branded as rebellion, as an excuse for extreme measures. With alacritj', Claverhouse undertook the congenial task of apprehending the offenders, some of whom, after going to bed on Saturday night, near Newmills, were informed that ' Clavei-s was rindging all the country for them,' but in the morning they resolved, nevertheless, to attend the conven- ticle which had been arranged for that day near Loudon Hill. With some others they were at the meeting-place before the appointed time, and having le:imed that their common enemy had already seized a minister — John King — and several others, they determined if possible to rescue them. When two parties are searching for one another they are seldom long in meeting. Claver- house was not content with the prisoners he had got, but thought that, before conveying them to Gla.sgow, he 'might make a little tour to see if we could fall upon a conventicle' : and he naivelv O 106 HISTORICAL AM) PERSON A L RELICS adds, in his account of the matter, ' which we did, little to our advantage." The result is well known. The royal troops were thoroughly defeated, and leaving nearly forty of their number dead on the Held, they Hed to (Ijasgow; while the ill armed victors >eem only to have IonI six men, including those mortally wounded, among these being Thomas Fleming of Loudon Hill, and .lames Thomson. Claverhouse had given the order, ' No quarter.' Hamilton on the other side gave the same command, and was j)rej)ared to carry it out, although his subordinates were not. Returning from the pursuit and finding a discussion going on as to whether a prisoner should receive quarter or not, he speedily settled the matter ; but others, to whom quarter had been promised without his knowledge, he spared. This memorable encounter took place on .Sabbath the 1st of June 1679.' Curiously enough. Hill Burton has given the date incorreetiv in both editions of his H'utlory, saying in the one the 1 1th of .lanuary. and in the other the I 1th of June. BATTLE OF BOTH WELL HHH3GE The result of the skirmish at Druniclog — it is only c;illcd a battle by custom or courtesy — was the immediate ami marvellous increase of tlie little baiul of figliting men, wliicli soon became an army in numbers. Unfortunately they were rent by (lis.sensi()n eoncerninjj; the condenmation of tiie liefeetions of the time; and consequently multitudes left them, and, . worse still, no preparation was made to meet the foe. Ure of Shargarton says, that, on the day before the engagement, ' We were not concerned with an enemy, as if there had not been one within a thousand miles of us. There were none went through the arm v to see if we wanted powder or ball. I do really think there were few or none that had both powder and ball in all the army to shoot twice." - Nevertheless, the bridge, which had been barricaded, was held for a considerable time against MonmoutlTs troops ; but aftci- they were allowed to cross, the effect of disunion was more manifest tlian ever, and soon most of the Covenanters turned and fled. Much of the blame has been thrown on Hamilton. T'lie fugitives were cut down in hundreds, ' Claverhouse and his troop,' burning under their recent disgrace, excelling, accord- ing to Blackader, in this cruel work imtil they were forcibly restrained.' Had it not been for Monmoutirs demencv. the slaughter would liave been very much worse. In the words of the old ballad : — ' They slell'd their cannons on the height, .\nd shower'd their shot down in the howe, .\n' Ijeat our Scots lads even down. Thick they lay slain on every knowe. '* O hand your hand I " then Monmouth cry'd, " Gie quarters lo yon men for me ; " But wicked C^lavcr'se swore an aith, His cornet's death revenged should be.' The twelve hundred |)risoners were treated with gross inhumanity. Stripped of much of their clothing, they were marcheti to Edinburgh, and imprisoned in a portion of the (irev- friars' churchyard — 'a method of detention,' says Hill Bin-ton, ' not practicable without much cruelty.'' The only two ministers among them — John King and John Kid — were hanged at the market-cross of Ivlinburgh on the l^th of August, a few hours after the King's indem nity had been proclaimed with great pom|). Otiier live were hanged at ]\Iagus .Miiir on the 25th of November, to avenge Sharp's deatii, although they had no part in it. .Meanwhile, ' Nimmo, in his interesting Narrative (Scottish History Society, 1889), says, in reference to this occasion, that ' Clavers with his troupe came against a feild meitting of the oprest presbeterians on a saboth day, the peopl being still in feares, severals went to the meeting in their amies in caisc of atacks rcather to defend themselves then be taken and aither hangd or banished as slaves.' — P. 12. - M'Crie's Memoirs of Veilch and Brysson, pp. 474, 475. ■' Cncy^loWs Memoirs 0/ Blackader, 1826, pp. 227, 2j8. THE COVENANT AND ROYALISTS 107 e about eight hundred of the prisoners had obtained their freedom by signing the Bond, about auotlier luindred managed to escape. There still remained two hundred and fifty-seven, who, after nearly five months' imprisonment in the open burying-ground,> were taken to I^'itii on the morning of the loth of November and thrown into a shij). As one of them expressed it, ' all the troubles they met with since Bothwell were not to be compared to one day in their present circumstances'; but, he said, 'the consolations of God overbalance all.' They were so closely stowed under the deck that they could scarcely move, and were almost stifled ; vet there they were kept for twelve days before sailing for the Barbadoes, wjiere they were to be sold as slaves. Tlie voyage proved a short and tempestuous one. On the 10th of December the vessel was driven on the Moulhcad of Deerness in the Orkneys ; and the captain, to prevent their escape, secured tlic hatches, and thus two hundred of them were drowned. A monument has been recently erected to mark the spot and to commemorate tlie tragedy. Of the ill-fated conflict, on Sabbath the 22d of June 1679, there are many relics. Large contemporary OIL PALXTING, of the Battle of Bothwell Bridge, by John Wvck. An engraving of the Battle, from Wyck's pictui-e, in the possession of the Duke of Buccleueh will be found in Kirkton's History, p. 468. (394) Lent by the earl of roseberv. ANDREA FERRARA SWORD, taken from the house in Irvine in which Thomas Cunning- ham. Laird of Montgrenan, lived and died in 1715. After his apprehension, in I679, he was induced to accuse Lord Bargeny as having been accessory to the rising, but in l6Sl retracted the charge as untrue, and in 1683 was found guilty on his own confession of being present in arms at Bothwell. He was condemned to be executed as a traitor, but, having offered to take the Test, was spared.- (395) I,ent by the town council of irvine, per james dickie. SWORD of Matthew Craig of Plewlands, who was present at Bothwell Bridge. (405) Lent by miss brow.n. DRLM AND DRUMSTICKS, used by the Covenanters. (412) Lent by John howie. COVENANTERS' FLAGS I EN WICK FLAG, with the motto : — ' hhinigk for god [blank] c"wntrv and covenanted work OK reformations,' surmounted by an open Bible marked : ' The Word of God,' and a crown and thistle. With the late James Drummond it may be confessed that this flag ' has a very doubtful appearance, being in every respect quite perfect, and suspiciously modern-looking.' ^ Neverthe- less, there can be no doubt that it is a genuine relic of Covenanting times. Fenwick is spt- It in an old form. Its good condition is accounted for by the strong white linen of which it is made ; and its new-Hke look, by the annual washing to which it was long subjected.* Above all, Loch- goin cannot be suspected as a manufactory of, or nmseum for, spurious relics. The real were too abundant, and the inmates were too honest, for that. The Bible, crown, and thistle have been painted in black, whereas the motto is in red. The blank in the motto has perhaps been left for ' King,' or more probably that word has been erased. It was not until the first anniversarj- ' ' A few weeks before ihey were brought out of this place, some huts made of deals were set up for them, which was mightily boasted of as a great favour ' (Wodrow's History, iii. 125). » Wodrow's History, iii. 434, 435, 449; YowMimhaXVs Historical ^foticis. Ban. Club, i. 310, 395. ' Proceeding of the Society of AiUiquaries of Scotland, iii. 258. * Thomson's Martyr Graves of Scotland, first series, p. 151. 108 IIISTOHU AL AND PEUSOXAL HKMCS of the defeat at Bolhwell that the Cameroniaiis openly renouincil tluir allegiance to the King in the Sanquhar Declaration ; but sonu- of tluin would have bctii (|uitf willing to take- that step before they met Monmouth. (378) Lent by joiin mowik. AVONDAI.l, I l.A(i, of jiale yellow silk, now very frail and tender, but very carefully mended. It bears an open Bible and the motto: • AVEXDAn.L for reformation in ciivrcii AND STATE ACCORDING TO TiiF, WORD OF ooo AND oL'R coi'ENANTs.' Thcrc sccms Originally to havc been a dot after each word. This Hag is said to have been carried by Matthew Craig of I'lewlands at Drumclog. (379) Lent by miss brown. .\nother A\'ONDALE FLAG, ol' pale yellow silk, also very frail and carefully mended. Four triangular pieces of blue silk have been sewed in the uj)per left lumd corner to furni a St. Andrew's cross. The motto is; • avendail for religion covenant king.' A piece of new silk has been sewed along the top, and on it there is — 'at drumclog, AVENDALE 1" JUNE IfiTj), IN IIIE CAUSE OF civil. & RELIGIOUS LIBERTY.' (381) Lent by the weavers' sociktv of .sth \tiiavk\. CUMNOCK FLAG, of j)ale yellow silk, very frail anil tattered. All tiiat remains of the inscription is 'cumnock' and part of ' r[elig]io[n].' This flag is also said to have been carried at Drumclog. John M'Geachin, an ancestor of the present owner of the flag, was killed near Old Cumnock, at the rescue of the Rev. David Houstoun, whom the soldiers were conveying to Edinburgh, in June 1()88.' (3S2) Lent by d. m'geachin. LESMAHAGOW FLAG, of blue silk, with St. Andrew's cross in upper left-hand corner. The motto — 'for lesmaiiagow' — is in dull red. This flag is said to have been carried both at Drumclog and Bothwell, but is supposed to be of a much earlier date than either of these events. It was also carried in processions at the passing of the Reform Bill. The Whytes of Xeuk. Lesmahagow, have preserved it. {3^3) Lent by mrs. napier. It will be noticed that the owners of four of these Hags believe that they were carried at Drumclog; but this may well be doubted, as the primary purpose for which the people were that day gathered was to listen to the preaching of the Gospel ; and although they were necessitated to carry arms lest they should be attacked, it can hardly be imagined that they would take banners with them, even after a few of them had resolved to rescue the prisoners. And Wodrow states expressly that ' there was never a pair of colours at a field-conventicle in Scotland.' - The number of the flags said to have been carried at Drumclog compared with the number of armed men is enough to raise suspicion. That all these and a great many more flags were carried at Bothwell may be readily believed; but as that was a disastrous day, sympathetic tradition would rather connect them with the previous, successful engagement. It is somewhat remarkable that none of these flags bears the motto, which Parliament ordered, on the oth of July Ki.iO, 'to be upoun the haill culloris and standaris,' namely, ' For Covenant Religion King and Kingdom.' ^ The suggestion has been made that all the five ' date rather immediately after the Revolution than before it ' ; another, which certainly belongs to l689, will be noticed at a later stage. MARCHING ORDERS {see Fig. 81), signed by General Dalyell of Binns, instructing Colonel Douglas to take a hundred and fifty of the regiment of Guards, and to march with them next day towards Mauchline, where fifty of Lord Mar's regiment were to join him ; and from there to ' Wodrovv's History, iv. 442 ; Faithful CoiUendings Displayed, p. 337 ; Thomson's Martyr Graves, second series, pp. 287-290. - History o/tlte Sufferings, iii. iio. ■' Acts oj the Parliaments 0/ Scotlawi, vol. vi. part ii. p. 605. THE COVENANT AND ROYALISTS 109 march 'to Galloway or Nithsdaill for supressine of those rebells that disturbs the peice of those contries, and as you shall fynd ocatione to take from any of these garisones what dragouness and foot you shall fynd fiting for advancing of that senice, and to continue them with vou during your pleasure.' Down the left-hand margin there is added : — ' And the remnant of Sir James Turners troop at Glasgou." There is neither date nor place of signature, but simply ' Dalyell.' James Douglas, brother of the first Duke of Queensberry, was appointed ' Collonell to the regi- ment of the King's foot guards' in July 1684; and in March 1()8.5 was despatched to suppress the Covenanters in the western shires, ' tho' the ministers of Galloway said, Claveris's name was nior formidable ther.' 1 According to Kirkton, 'Sir James Turner and Sir William Bannatyne Ci FIG. 8l.— GESER.\L D.^LVELl's ORDERS TO COLONEL DOUGLAS TO SUPPRESS THE ' REBELLS —COVE.VA.VTERS. hade by their cruelties driven the poor people of Galloway into despair, but,' he adds. ' thev were saints compared to Tmn Dalyell and his souldiers.' - In the oft-quoted curious description of Dalyell's personal appearance by Captain Creichton, it is stated that ' he never wore boots ; ' s but honest John Howie, in his account of Captain Paton, refers to the pistol-ball hopping ' down upon Dalziels boots,' and in Lingo House his boots as well as his sword are still preserved. If the story of the white flag recorded by Dr. Simpson may be relied on, he, in spite of his harsh- ness and cruelty, faithfully kept his promise to a Covenanter by whom his life was spared;* and, as will yet be seen, he was humane enough to be sorry for an old comrade in peril, though now on a different side. He died in August KiSJ. (436) Lent by j. b. dalzell. ' Fountainliall's Historical Notices, Ban. Club, ii. 542, 623. '-' Kirklon's Secret and True History, pp. 257, 258. ' Ibid. p. 226, n., where some additional information concerning him will be found. * Traiiilicns of the Co-.-enmlers, chap, xxxvii. no HISTORICAL AND PERSONAL RELICS CAFIAIN I'AION CAITAIN PATONS HIHLK. Tliis sinall diiodcoiino — • Ldiulon : I'liiittd for tlie O.in- panie of Stationers l(),j;{' — lias c-ontaincd botli tlie Old and New Testaments, but many of the leaves have been abstracted by achiiin-rs more covetous than honest. The last words left are tiie appropriate ones: — 'And they overcame him by the Idood of tiie l^amb, and by the word of their testimony; and they loved not their lives unto the death.' Both the title-pajjes have fortunately been spared ; that of the Old Testament is now mounted — the volume havinjf been rebound in }S~:i — but on the back of that of the New Testament the autoj;rai)h of 'John I'aton ' may still be seen. A red leather label inside the cover is thus inscribed in gilt letters : — ' C'apt" John Paton's Bible which he gave to his wife from ott'the scaffold, when he was executed for the cause of Jesus Christ, at Edinburgh, on tlie 8th of May l(iS4. James Howie received it from the Captain's son's daughter's husband, and gave it to .John Howie, his nephew.' This, it seems, had been previouslv written in strong round characters, somewhat resembling print, on a blank leaf at the beginning ; and on the back were the initials ' Ct. J. P.' See an interesting pai)er, ' Lochgoin, and Relics of the Covenanters,' by the late Mr. John Kerr, writer, Cllasgow, originally ])ublished in T/ic Sculs Times, anil afterwards in Uobert Malcolm's Lilerari/ Gkuiiiiigx (Glasgow. IS.'iO), The Bible is now preserved under lock and key in a small ease with a glass top. (416) Lent by joiin uowik. LIGHT SINGLE-EDGED SWOllD, which belonged to ( aptaiii I'aton. riic l.l.uh-, which is curved backwards, and has a broad, deep, long groove on each side, is ii'i^' inches in length, and IJ broad at the junction. The light basket-hilt is partly gone. The grip, which is mounted and has a spiral indentation, is ^j inches long. The semi-globular pommel is surmounted by a knob. (417) Lent l)v JOHN howik. BROAD-SWOHU, whiili belonged to Captain I'aton. This is .1 much more formidable weapon than the preceding, and one much more likely to have been used in the wonderful feats with which its owner has been credited. The double-edged blade is ,'{5i inches in length, and 1; inches broad at the junction; and bears on each side a globe and double cross. On one side there are two joined letters, probably M?, but perhajjs MJ. The b.isket-hilt is of o])en ironwork, roughh' ])ierced, and ornamented with indented lines. The grip has been .'>§ inches long, but the mounting is gone. (See Fig. 82.) (39?) Lent by mrs. howat. 'AN EXPOSITION with I'raeticall Observations continued upon the Fourth, Fifth, Sixth and Seventh chapters of the Booke of Job .... by Joseph Caryl. . . . London. Printed by G. Miller for H. Overton, L. Fawne, I. Rothwell, and G. Calvert. M.nc.M.v.' This is the second volume of Caryl's voluminous Expusllioti of Job. The title-page is gone. A note in a modern hand bears that — ' Gavin Rowat, wood-merchant, Hamilton, married Annabella Paton, descendant of Ca])* Paton. who was executed in I()84, & to whom this book belonged.' (398) Lent by Miis. iiow,\t. CHAIR, on which Cajjtain Paton is said to have been sitting when cap- tured in the house of Robert Howie in Floack, in the parish of Mearns. It is made of hardwood, the back is carved, and the legs are very short. The late Robert Barr, Hnrlford, bought it at the displenishing sale at Floack, in April 1857. (399) I-e'>t ^y AiicninALD dahu. fig. 82. — cahtain paton's broai> SWORD. The leading events of Captain ,Iohn Paton's life, his prowess, hair-breadth escapes, capture, and death, are well known by John Howie's graphic account of him, wound up with the brief but pithy expression : — ' He lived a hero, and died a martyr.' He was hanged in the (Jrassmarket of THE COVENANT AND ROYALISTS 111 Edinbiirffh, not on the Hth of May 1()H|., as the inscriiition on his Rible bears, but on the 9th of that month. On this point Wodrow, Fountainhall, Howie, and the compilers of the Cloud of Witnesses, are unanimous. Howie relates that on his beinj; broiijrht into Edinburj,'h as a captive, Dalyell took him in his arms, exclaiming: 'John, I am both jjlad and sorry to see you. If I had met you on the way, before you came hither, I should have set you at liberty, but now it is too late. But be not afraid, I will write to His Majesty for your life.' Giving him full credit for sincerity, Howie adds : ' No doubt Dalziel was as good as his word, for it is said that he obtained a reprieve for him from the King, but tiiat, coming to the hands of Bishop Paterson, it was kept uj) by him till he was executed, which enraged the (General not a little.' Paton's Last Testimony is in the Cloud of IVilncsses ; his rnortal remains sleep amid the kindred dust of fellow-martyrs in the Greyfriars' Churchyard ; and two monuments have been successively raised to his memory' in the burying-ground of Fenwick. inches holes. John Brown of I'riesthill's SWORD. The light, tapering, double-edged blade is 19] long. One of the lobes of the finger-guard retain.? an ornamental plate pierced with small The wooden-grip, swelling in the middle, is 3§ inches in length. Perhaps none of the dark deeds of Claverhouse has so stained his reputation as the heartless murder of John Brown, the Christian Carrier, at his lonely cottage door, in presence of his wife and children, on the first morning of May l685. There are some variations in the tragic tale as told by Wodrow and Patrick Walker ; but whether he was actually shot by Claverhouse himself, as Wodrow alleges, or by the dragoons at his command, as Walker's narrative implies, the deed was most atrocious. Neither its committal, nor its cold, cruel character, can now be denied, as Napier has furnished proof of both in Claverhouse's own report of the affair. After quoting its most important sentences. Hill Burton has well said :— ' There is surely both candour to the world, and faith in the cause of his adoption, when the champion of Claverhouse's reputation gives prominence to this admission.' ' {See Fig. 8.3.) (423) Lent by j. b. dalzell. CASE, containing hair and jiart of mitten or ))awkie of the Crossgellioch martyrs. Wodrow gives a very brief account of the four Covciianters who in returning from a conventicle were overtaken by the dragoons. .Joseph Wilson. John Jamieson, and John Humphrey, were shot, he says, on confessing that they had been hearing a sermon. Why the fourth, Alexatuler Jamieson, was spared he could not tell.- Tradition, however, asserts that he was light of foot and fled. Dr. Simpson and Mr. A. R. Todd have filled in details with which Wodrow was unacquainted.^ When their second monument was erected in 1827 the three bodies were discovered, ' lying side by side, only a little way beneath the surface, in their hosen and their plaids, fresh and undecayed. and looking as if they had only been buried yesterday.' It was then that these relics were "''*^''""'- (445) I.n.«Ki.L. FIG. 83.— JOHN- BROWN OF priesthill's SWORD. ARGYLL'S RISINC; CHASED SILVER SNUFF-BOX, given by the I'.ari of Argyll, alter his capture, to Thomas Crawford, of Craufurdsburn or Cartsburn, as a mark of his respect, with the words :—' Thomas, it hath pleased Providence to down on my attemj)t. but remember, I tell you, ere long one shall ' Hislory of Scotland, revised ed. vii. 25., n. s Wudrow's History, iv. 252 ■■ rraJilions of the Cor>i,m„ters, cliai>. xii. ; Homes, Haunts, ami Batllefithis of the Covenanters, HrsI series chap. ii. ' Ill' lIlSTOKICAh AND PKliSOXAL RELICS take up this quarrel, whose shoes 1 am not worthy to carrj-, who will not miscarry in his un>eiit defections to We joyiud witli tlie causes of our first siileiun fiist after the Revolution.' Tile fourth, which is likewise j)ost-Hevolutioii, is entitled: — ' Tlie Protestation, apologetiek declaration, and admonitory vindication, of ane poor, wasted, misre- presented renienant of the sufering, anti-Popish, anti-Prelatick, anti-Erastian, anti-sectarian, trew Presbetieran Church of Scotland, united together in a generall corespondenee.' This declara- tion is dated (ith November K),')."). Copies were to be affixed that day on the market-cross of Saiu|uliar and on -other patent jilaces of the kingdom.' The fifth document is: — 'A letter togither with some questions and articles to lie |)ropoiied to entrants of societys by Mr. James iV^ «,.w v^.4'»«>U*> ^ ♦«'"^ -i-** * <*^--* ^^ H.* ^-vV M>iwMi*( Uf^^ CuSl t ^ j^^ {x^ 10 ^. ^va >/» M^/^'./riv, Z^,.. h4 10 »«# nvi^y y/u,( wV^ FIG. 87. — PACE FROM A CONTl-.-Ml-OKAKV MS. VOLL-MK OF UOCCMENTS RELATIN'C TO CO\ENANTl\t; MATTERS. Renwick.' The last paper is entitled :— ' ssom causes of the Lords contraversie holding out som steeps of the present defection.' These documents are valuable illustrations of the scrupulous tenacity with which the 'Society People,' the ' Hillmen,' or ' Cameronians,' as they were termed, adhered to ' the controverted and despised truths ' of their time. A summary of the second paper will be found in Faithful CoiiUiuiiiigs Dis/ilaycd, 1780, p. i6i, el set].; and tlie fourth is jirinted in Testimony-bearing Exemplified, 1791, pp. 305-311. {See Fig. 87.) (435) Lent by J. u. dalzell. THE REVOLUTION 121 THE R E ^^ O L U T I O X LETTER, from James the Seventh to the Earl of Breadalbane, urging him to raise forces for his cause. ' Now that God appeares soe signallie to bless our endeavours everiewhere, and that such of our enemies as durst not encounter the justice of our cause. He has by want and dis- temper destroyed, wee expect that you and everie brave and lionnest man will with your freinds and followers rise and lay hold of soe greate a Providence.' Hopes he will not decline the charge nor refuse to undergo the difficulties, although the expense may be far beyond what he is provided for, since all things at home and abroad ' seem to conspire to putt us soone into such a condition ' as will not only enable us to satisfy the debts incurred by friends, but to distinguish them by special marks of favour. Has resolved to send immediately the Earl of Seaforth to head his friends and followers, and, as soon as the weather will permit the shipping of horse, ' our right trustie and intirely beloved naturall son the Duke of Berwick,' with considerable succours. The success hoped for ' shall be acceptable to us for nothing more then that thereby wee shall shew you our gratitude, not only by protecting you in your religion, laws, and liberties, as wee have alreaddy promissed," but by rewarding you and each man's merit out of the forfeitures of the unnatural rebels. Recommends unity, and obedience to superior officers. Given at our Court at Dublin Castle, the last day of November 1689. The seal has Scotland in the fii-st and fourth quarters. (363) Lent by the marquis of breadalbane. LETTER, from King William, ' suprascribitur William R.," and 'sic subscribitur, Jo. Dalrymple." It begins :— ' Right trustie &c.— wee greet yow weel,' but is addressed to no one by name. In all probabUity it was sent to the Privy Council of Scotland.i Hearty thanks are given for calling out a great part of the militia on apprehending an invasion ; but it states that most of those surmises were dispereed to amuse and affright our subjects, and that at the time when it was given out that the Duke of Berwick was embarked for Scotland, it was understood that he was then in the French Army in the Low Countries. Being desirous to prevent trouble and expense to good subjects, ' and haveing lykwayes compassione towards the highlanders and uthers, who hitherto have not rendered themselves by a dutifull submissione and obedience to our govern- ment,' we require you to stop the calling out of the militia ; but keep them in readiness until our further order, or that you see an ajjpearance of invasion, and that you give orders to Sir Thomas Livingstone to encamp our troops in some convenient place towards the border of the highlands, without entering into any act of hostility till further orders ; ' haveing resolved to allow these highlanders for some short tyme to reflect how much they have been deluded and imposed upon, to make their native countrie the seat of warr and to joyne with French or Irish Papists to subvert the Protestant religione and destroy ther owne properties and liberties ; ' and that they may be convinced that, we having frigates on the water and an army in their view, it is neither want of force, nor opportunity to reduce them, but 'the tendemes of our affectione towards all our subjects,' that moves us rather to accept their dutiful submission. Seaforth had given his parole, Hume had refused, and Struan had escaped after he was taken. ' We think fitt to acquaint yow that, upon good informatione against the late .\rchblshop of Glasgow, somtyme agoe, we did order him to be made prisoner.' Dated at the camp at Opprebaix tJ| June 1691. (364) Lent by the marquis of bread.\lbane. ' Compare with Daliymples LeUer to Livingstone printed in Papers Jlluslraliveof the Political Condition of the Highlands, Maitland Club, pp. 22, 23. Q 122 HISTORICAL AND PERSONAL RELICS KING WILLIAMS APPROBATION OF BREADALBANE'S CONDUCT. It nms thus :— ' Jfilliam R. ' Whereas we did iniploy lohn Earl of Bredalbiii to meet with the Highlanders & others in amies in order to tlie reducing them to our obedience, and he having met iV Comnunied witli (rfrLeyTif ^>^ a/rmzj m crrve/T'h fnc y^Jtuxnj yi /lryn.nin/71 £} nnfn i^ni^m^ a/nd (r^<^^ ^ FIG. 88. — KING WILLIAMS APPROBATION OF THE EARL OF BREADALBANES CONDUCT. them, and offered a representation to us in their names, we are well satisfied with his diligence & doe ap)>rove his jirocedure therein and doe accept it as good & faithfull .service done to us Given under our Royall hand att our Camp att S' Gerard August the \% 1()J)1 and of our reign the third year.' [See Fig. 88.) (365) Lent by the marqiis of biiead.\lb.\ne. THE MASSACRE OF GLENCOE • A PROCL.\MATION, indemnifying such as have been in arms before the 1st of June last.' [1()91.] This Proclamation was printed at Edinburgh by the Heirs of Andrew Anderson ; but this copy is one ot those ' reprinted for Richard Baldwin, near the Oxford Arms Inn, Warwick I.ane.' At the end of it there is another proclamation for adjourning Parliament from the l6th of September THE MASSACRE OF GLEXCOE 123 Idgi to the 14th of January I692. The Proclamation of William and Mary offering an indemnity is dated the 27th of August I69I, and may be regarded as the necessary consequence of Breadalbane's success in negotiating witli the Highlanders. Its sole condition was that those who chose to take advantage of it should swear the Oath of Allegiance before the 1st of January 1692 ; and the alternative is held out, ' that such as shall continow obstinat and incorrigible after this gracious offer of mercy, shall be jjuuished as traitors and rebells, and otherwayes, to the outmost extremity of the law.' A coj)y of it will be found in Papers lUmlralive of the Political Condition of the Highlands, Mait. Club, pp. 35-37 ; and nearly all the other documents bearing on tile Massacre are in that volume. MacDonald or Maclan of Glencoe, having at length resolved to take the Oath, offered to do so iu presence of the commander of Fort William, who, however, was not empowered to administer it. He had therefore to cross the mountains to Inveraray in mid-winter ; and there his oath was taken on the fith of January, though reluctantly, because the day of grace was past ; but his name was afterwards struck out of the roll. His delay was used as the technical excuse for the horrible and treacherous massacre that ensued. Hill Burton, in his Hislori/ of Scotland, has given an admirable account of the whole matter, characterised by his usual perspicuity and impartiality. (348) Lent by mattiiew shields. NARRATIVE of Proceedings in Scottish Pariiament of 1695, specially in relation to the Massacre of Glencoe. See Papers Illustrative of the Highlands, pp. 151-162. (349) Lent by matthew shields. MAJOR DUXCANSON'S ORDER, to Captain Campbell of Glenlyon, to carry out tlie massacre. (St-e Plate .wii.) It runs thus: — 'Yow are hereby ordered to fall upon y'^ M-^Donnalds of Glencoe, & putt all to y«= sword under seventy. Yow are to have a speciall care that the old fox & his sones doe on no ace' escape yo"- hands. Yow re to secure all the avenues that none escape. This yow are to put in execution at 5 a cloack precisly. And by that time or verie shortly efter it, I'll strive to be at yow w' a stronger party. If I doe not come to yow at 5, yow are not to tarie for me, but to fall on. This by the Kings speciall co[mm]and, for y» good & saftie of the countrie, that the[se miscreanjts be cutt of root & branch. See that this be put in e[xecutione withjout feud or favour, else yow may expect to [be dealt with as on]e not true [to King nor] countrie, nor a man fitt to carie a [commissijon in ye Kings service. Expecting yow will not faill in fulfilling hereof as yow love yo-^ selfe, I subscrive this w* my hand at Ballechillis, feb : 12, 16'92. Robert Duncanson. ' For their Maties service, to Captain Rob. Campbell of Glenlyon.' This has everj- appearance of being the original document. In the volume ot Papers Illustrative of the Highlands, pp. 72, 73, there are two copies of it ; and the second, which is said to be ' from paper in Cieneral Register House, Edinr.,' corresponds verj- closely with this, not only in the spelling, but in the words that have been worn out. That that was not the original is plain from the indorsation :—' A true coppie of Major Duncansons orders to Robert, Captaine Glenlyon.— 12 ffeb. 1692.' As this one is now mounted on cardboard, it is impossible to see whether it is so indorsed or not, but it lacks the sic sub. which that copy had. As it is therefore probable that this is the original, and as it is of considerable importance, it is printed above without extending the contracted words. Parliament, in its address to the King, on the 10th of .July 1695, stated that it could not see the orders Duncanson gave, as he and those to whom he gave orders were in Flanders. (350) Lent by matthew shields. PROTECTION, for the sons of M'Donald of Glencoe, and others, granted by the Commission appointed to inquire into the Massacre. This is apparently the original. It is printed in the Papers Illustrative of the Highlands, p. 99, ' fi-om the Original in the Register House, Edinburgh ' ; but if each of the ten individuals to whom the Protection was granted received a copy, there may of course be still as many originals. (35 ,) Lent by m.^tthew shields. 124 IIlSTORlCxVL AND PERSONAL RELICS ACT OF RKLIEF, by the Cuininissioners of the Treasurj', freeing the inhabitants of Glencoe from |);iyin^ cess due by tliem, until the Kin>;'s pleasure is known. Tiie first ])art of this docunuut is an extract from the Record of the I'rivy Council, signed by Gilbert Eliot the elerk. concerninfj the petition of M'Donald's son and the rest of the inhabitants of Glencoe, craving relief from the payment of cess, as their goods had been seized and disposed of after 'the unhapj)y murder.' On the 2.ith of July 1 ().').'>, the Privy Council recomnunded the Commis- sioners of the Treasury to give orders for sisting execution. The latter part of the docinuent, bearing that, on the 10th of August !()<).'), the Lords Commissioners had considered the reference and given effect to it, is signed l)y Tweeddale in a very tremulous liaiul. (352) Lent by mattmew shields. ANDREA EERRAHA .SWORD, which belonged to Captain Campbell of (Jlenlyon. One of Gleneoe's sons was married to a niece of Glenlyon's, the sister of Rob Roy. The single-edged blade is .'JiJj inches long, and 1 J broad .-it the junction with the basket-hilt. The gri|) is .".', inches long, mounted with wood and katlur, and boimd by a spirally twisted wire. (35s) Lent by colonkl f. oahden campheli,. LIFE-SIZE FORTllAIT, three-quarters length, of the second Marquis of Tweeddale, who was born in Kil-."), married the only daughter of the Duke of Lauderdale, was for a few months (1704-1705) Chancellor of Scotland, supporteil the Union, was chosen as one of the representative peers, and died in 1713. (334) Lent by the mauquis ok tweeddale. R O 1! R O Y LETTER, from Rob Roy • to Right Honall the Earle of Braedalbine.' This letter, dated Portnellan, Nov. I'J, 170", is exceedingly polite, almost obsequious. After expressing his longing to see his lordship, he reminds him, ' 1 have the honour to have come of your Lo])'s family, and shall keep my dependency suitable to the samine.' His ne])hew, who is to see his lordship, will, he hopes, be capable to serve him, and will do so though the writer were in his grave. ' He is a young man, so, my lord, give him your advice; he is Begging ' his house, and I hope your Lop will give him a precept for the four trees your Lop promised him the Last time I was there.' Signed — ' Ro. Campbell.' (Sec Fig. 8').) (366) Lent by the marqi'is of uhkadalbane. LETTF-R, from Rob Roy to the Earl of Breadalbanc, concerning ' a jdey that was betuixt John Campbell of Innerardoran and Glenfallochs bairns.' He hopes that the FLarl will bind them to the peace, for, when ' they cust out before, Lochdochard and I made you to give bonds under the paine of a thousand mcrk, that they should noclit midle with one another in tymes eumeing, and the transgressor was to forfeit the thousand merk or any part therof as jour lordshij) would think fit.' He further states that he has heard that ' Glenfalloch and Mr. Robert Stewart ^ in Killine came to Gregor .NFOuile, and jiersuaded him to give up the bonds to the end that they might be destroyed, quhich was done immediatly ;' and he is fully convinced that Gregor M'Ouile would never have given up the bond if he had not been advised by the minister. Dated, ' att Portnellan •Ith Septr. 171 1,' and signed—' Ro. Campbell.' (367) Lent by the marquis of ureadalbane. LETTF",R, from Rob Roy to the Earl of Breadalbane, in which he says that, after j)arting with his lordship, he met young Glenfalloeh, who told him that the bond which Gregor M'Ouile gave up was in Lochdochart's custody undestroyed. ' And if it be soe it looks very ill fard. Itt looked nothing lyke fair dealling to (.sic) Glenfalloeh .iiul the minister to come upon the ' liuiUling. ^ Robert Stewart studied at St. Leonard's College, St. Andrews, took his degree in 1672, was admitted to Killin in or before 1681, and died in 1729 (Scott's fasti, ii, 825). PLATE XVII. W O U u O o « < CO CO < H a: H H O o o H Q o s C~ ^1'^ T L'A t ^ •^ Xj 1 *-' ^^ ^ ^ ^ i 5?^ -^ \ < ..'^ ^ T Ms ROB ROY 125 Sabbatli day to Gregor M'^Ouils house, when his sone was ffrom home, and to tell him that all was destroyed, and to keep up their oun.' He hopes that his lordship will call for the bond from Loclulochard, and lose no time in settling this affair. Dated, ' att Corrycheyrich 15th Septr. CnA/fi, ^ ^p^^^l -^^t/f^^^ 4^ ^4^An^^ or^V i/^ j.iU%f> 'M^ ^ -^/)aM ^ :/irr^ y^rCr ^^ ^ pjtSi ^0 i^ W a n^e/Li. ^ ^ a-riZ^ ^ a dL 0/>t^ fTUf^fff my :/^ A.Ji ^^rz^i-^ y -^^ ¥^^^ ^^1 "^^^ f^ ^^ ^ ' )tm^ ar*<' -ROB ROY S LETTER TO THE EARL Op BKEADALBANE. 1711,' and signed — ' Ro. Cam])bell.' • From the facsimile of No. 366 (Fig. 85)) it will be observed that he writes a good bold hand. The name of M' Gregor being then proscribed, he took his mother's surname. She was the daughter of William Campbell of Glenfalloch. (368) Lent by the MAityvis of bukadalbane. 12(> HISTORICAL AND PERSUNAL RELICS LKTTEK, from Campbell of Stonefield to tlu' I'.^ul of Hi-c-udiilbaiie, about Rob Roy and the Laird of Bishopton. In this li-ft