UC-NRLF B 3 13b 571 Y :/ / f < r ^ * J*' ,* » .-■M.A _ • • 9 • • • • •.r • *, : . : *. N ^ ENGLISH EXERCISE^ " '' • " > » » » J » , ADAPTED TO MURRAYvS ENliLISH GRA^DIAH, CONSISTING OF Exercises in parsing ; — Instances of False Orthography ; Violations oi" the Rules trf Syntax —Defects in Punctuation, AND Vwlations of the Rules respecting perspicuous and accurate Writing. DESIGNED FOR THE BENEFIT OF PRIA^AIE LEARNERS, AS WELL AS FOR THE U.SE OF SCHOOLS. BlLIXDLEr MURRJV. rROM THE SEVENTEENTH ENGLISH EDITION, f} ith additions and improvements. UTICAx SAIKTXS XyH FUBllSHEB BT VTHXIlM VfTLLlV^j Ne. 60 Genesee Street. 1819. *'-M ^-.jr4A*:Vl,% :*•• '■i^inV INTRODUOti^iSji. i' i.'.- U i'-.i : /;. Tjik piLiciples of knowle^l^je become mo«? Intelll;:i1)]e to v nun 5 pcr- 30-1S, xhon thc*y arc -^iMlaiiivid anJ iuciilcn-.'^l In- practical iIlu'ti-;;tion aad .iir.'ctiou. Tlus mode of teachin;^ is atiiMided r.-ith so maMv a'ivant:\ges, that it caii seai-celv be too "nucli recoranie-i'le'l, or pirsixed. Insti'uciion ■which is enlivened by" pertinent ex?.?nples, an;' in whic'.t the pupil la exer- bised in reducing the rules prescribed to prac'.ico, has a more stri!;ing ef- lect on the mind, and is better adapted to fi\ the attention, and sharpen the undem-indlng, thp.n that which is divested of these aids, and conin^d to bare positions and pixcepts ; in which it too t'reqtientlv happens, that the learner has no furtlier conceni, th^n tn read and repeat them. The time and care employed in pr.tcti'^.d applieatioi), giveooc vsion to surv<;y the sub- ject minutely, and in vli'ferent poj-.ts of view ; by which it becomes moi-e Ruov.n and familiar, an;l producc9 stronger and more durable impreselons. T XE3E observations are pccunaiiy .ippliiable to llie study of j^ramma:', j'.nd ihe method of teaching it. The rules rerpiire fivquent e.\i>'iaaation j and, besides direct eluc'dalfon, tl»ey admit of examples erroncoasly o.^nsiructcd, for e\?rcisiug the vtudjnt's sa^citj- and jud;;ment. To rectify thvse, at- tention and reflection are re!Tect:on of tiie sent-ncc. IJut these are 'i^t all t'-.c .•idvantajjrs which arise fi-m i^4t4 InfroducHoii, • ap- un- m y'^-<«'i*-sl]pRil;to the'sufcortViii^fitCiixi^es in the? Grammar. • ''• «^^'ii^a'i.»''ot*aie cxahiplcs contain several errors in Hxe same sentence, -ur.d -ome of Lhem admit oi" various constractions in amending them, it has '"icen thought proper to puhlish a Kkt for ascertaining all the corrections ; and ths has b'v-en the more expedient from the work's being designed for ».he henefit of private learners, as vrcll as for the use of schools. I'he Key t:) the part of ^)'ihogitiphy might have h.2\m omitted, had not some of the ^i^entenc^s contained so luany words crrotieously spelled, as to render it prob- ■j}Ac that several of them would, in that case, have been inadvertently pass- ed over.- especially by persons A\ho may not have the advantage of a tutor. In tormhig the Key, it appeared to be more eligible, to repeat the senten- ces at large, with their con-ections, than simply to exhibit the amendments ^y themselves.- In the mode adopted, the work has a more regulai' and ■Uniform appeai'ance ; the correspoiident pajts may be more readily compa- red; and die propriety of tlie corrections will be more apparent and stri- ting. l!)r a work which consists entirely of examples, and witii which the leam- ri-s will, consequently, he mncli occupied and impressed, the Compiler Y/oidd have deemed himself culnahle, liad he exhibited such sentences as contained ideas inapplicable to voimg min''s or winch wei*e of a trivii*! or in- jurious nature. He has, t;icrefoi*e, been solicitous to avoid all exceptionable inaltcr ; t.-.d to improve his work, by blending moral and useful obsci'va- tions with Grammatical stmUes. E', en sentiments of a pious and religious na- ture, have not been thought improper to be occasionally inserted in these lixercises. 'I he undcj-scanding and sensibility of youvig persons, are much imdei'ratcd by those v. ho think theni mcapable of compi-ehending and rel- ishing tliis kind of histiniction. The sense and love of goodness :;re early and deeply implai.ted in the human mind-; and often, by their infant ener- gies, surprise, the intelligent observer; — why, then, should not these emo- tions find their proper support ar.d incentives, among the elements of leani- iligi' Congenial sentiments, thus dispcsed, besides making permanent im- pressions, may serve to cherish and expand tliose generous princi^iies ; or, t^t least, to pre])ai-e them for regidar operation, at a futme period. The ur»- jKjrtance of exhibiting to the youthful mind, the deformities of vice ; and of giving it just and animating views of pict}" and virtue, make it not only war- nmtable, but our duty rdso, to embrace eveiy proper occasion to promote, in tuiy degree, these valuable ends. In presenting die l$;a-ncr with so gi'cat a number of examples, it was dif- jicult to preserve them from too much uniformity. The Compiler has, iiOv ever, been studious to give them an arrangement and diveisity, as- agreeable as the nature of the subject would admit ; and to render them vts ifH'estiiig, a& well as intelligilde aud instructive, to young pe^S0JlS^ Hc'ld<>:,lc^, near York, 170T. AI)VERTISEMi:XT TO TUE SKTEN-TK EBltrOSi'.* ' Tke Author of this \olvimc of Exercise^, pVVc^ivii.{g,lhat H l\^i ^e,e?i 4veji received by the public, and that the deumnd'lbfii still' cbutiitueS 't* J-m-. crease, has felt it incumbent upon hira to give the seventh edition every 1113- provenient in his power, without enhancir.g the price of liie hook. Besides expunging some obscure and uninteresting scjitences ; inserting a number of examples adapted to tJie lat'^st improvements m t!ie gnunmnr ; SHid adding to the Syntax many useful exerci&es ; he has subjoined to the part designed to promote /»er*;/'ir7/<)?/« ond accurate ivritin^, a «holc chap- ter (twelve pages) of promiscuous exercises, 1 eculiariy adapted to this snl-- ject. As every oUier general division of the boer commit, w ould not be proper for a work of Uiis nature, and could not fail to proiluce dis;ipprcbatiou and disgust, • Tlie improvements made in the eighth edition, consisf, chiefy, of •* Gfnierat Dii-ectiovs for usinir the iJxtrawjf," and of a neyp, enhirged syi'tf'n (f Kxe^ci''c? in J'cl^^siJt^' ^ j^^^: /. . ' ^- w.: : / • 1 i^^EF tISEMENT • « p 3 • • • TO TTIE TEVTII KDITIO>'. O.TE of tlie crJef improvements, made in the tenih edition, crtl 15 wnrlc^ (Xjiisists in the adaptation of it, tlironghuut, f) a:j objective case of ■.::!. >,.— This tv^ii was adopted in xheivj-fth c-I'.tioii ofthe iira.nmar;and it'ii u^e«e« f^oiv j.idispenSRbie, tli.t t-'c E^vsrciscs should conform to the aUAration.* As there are soiue teach'-rs, who doubt the propriety of pres.-ati'ij^- e^;< rrclses of bad Kngiirrh to youth of the jiuiior cla-sses, it seems proper in tliis plae^, to make a few observations on the su :j;ct. 'J "he author is persuaded, that exercises of this nature cannot i)e too scon en^iaged in, by the student of (jranimar. Simple rulvs, and examjdis of rectitude, make light impression, coinpaiX;d with the effect of contrast, n which errors andcorrectlone as^e opposed to each otiier, A ciiild geiieraily cees J.nd hears so many rnstiuicts of error.eous construction, that, unU;ss he is early taught to d'-iAinj^ii J; and correct tJi em, his imitative powers v,ill be more intiuenc-jd by en'ovthan by rectitude. Besides, ciiikh'en, in de- tec Jng and amending errors, feel ilieu' own po-wtrs ; and however si. lall the exei-cise may be, it is a most pleasing aiul animi-ting incentive to appii^ cation and studv. Wliat tliey learn in tins v/ay, Aviil not only gratify tliem ; :"'. Aviil ;dso improve tkeir ju('.ginent csiA sagacity, and be long and accurately remembered. Oil these grounds, it is evident, that the practice of correcting en-ors, t^muld be introduced into the eai'iy stages of grammatical studies. Instead •jf exposing C; vildren to " th - da'iger of evil commimication" fis some inge- ^.ious pvrsoiis have supposed, it seems to he the best means of teaching them, . xirst, to discover the iiTcgulariues, and then, to avoid the contagion, of bad examples. * See the Qi pag-ej 40 reasons in fnror-'^f an Objective Ca.^e for KnsfUsh noims, I, 41 , 42, of u'ie l^weUih, or any sxibsequent edition of tbe^ ADVERTISEMENT . 'rO THE TW5UFTU EUITIOK". TiiE rc'Hf'cr wiii perceive, that a number of Notes &na Critlcnl Discns- sions has been iiiiertod in appropriate -.artscf the F-xei^cises and the Key. Tliis M'as occasioLted by theGranimar'shavijsgbeenye^?//?, and not admitting ofenlargenierit wichcut an advanceof its price. 'I'he author has, bower, ta- ken care to nia'iie proper references, under the correspondent rules in tho Crayni.jur, to all those additional notes and discussioiss. To this mode of supplying improve ments, the readei' "will have the kss objection, -^%hen he. considers, tliat Uic Exercises and the Key are necessaiy appendages to the GiT.inniar ; and soiTC to illustrate and eixforce, as wtU as to extend, its rule* anfl pi.''>ition!?. The three volumes are indeed intimately connected; and^ coi stilute one unifonn system of English (irammar. To the Tenth edition of the Key, tlie Author has added an ApologeticaV Preface, accounting for the additions and vaxiations, which ai"e to be found ill t!»e diffi-rettt editions of his urammatioal uoiks. He has also annexed to tl>at edition of the Key, a copious ./ilhh'ibetical Indtx to tlie Grammar,.- tht' Exorcists, and Vie Key: a work wh ch he flattei-s liimseli' Avill be gen- t rally ust-fnl ; and partcularly avcept:d)le to students who have made s<>ni*= 91-oyrceb iu the kiiowlfcd^e cf ^lanaua: . GENERAL DIRECTIONS FOR USI^^G THE EXERCISES. 1. As 30oa as the learner has committed to memory, the definitions c/the article and suhstanlive, as expressed in the grammar, he should be employ- ed in parsing diose parts of speech, as they are arranged in tliis volume of the exercises. 2. The learner should proceed, in this manner, through all the definitions' of the parts of speech contained in Etymolog}-, regularly pai'sing the exei-- cises on one definition, before he applies to another. 3. As the pupil will then be able to undenstand all the rules in Orthogra- phy, he shoidd be directed to coiTect, in rcguko* order, the oithographicitl exei-cises attached to the pailicular iides. 4. In this t.tage of his progress, he may vary his employment, by occa- sionally parsing the pi'omiscuous fexei-cises, contained in the ninth section of tlie chapter of Ktymological Parsing, and by wi-iting the ploi'ak of nouns, &c. in the eighth section of the same chaptei'. 5. When the first nile of S\'ntax is committed to n^^mory, the coitcs- po'ulent exercise in pan-ing, should be performed. Then the sentence of false Syntax, under the rule, should be connected, in writing. In this man- ner, botli as to parsing and con-ectbrg, all :he rules of Syntax should be treated, ])roceeding regularly according to their order. The pupil may now be, occasionally, employed in correcting the promiscuous exercises in Oit';oi7i"aphy. 6. The preceding directions (except those upon Orihogi'aphy) respect only the leading rales of the Grammar, which are printed m the larger tvpe. When the exercises on those general rules are completed, and not before, the learner is to applv to the first subordinate rule, contained in tlie smaller ts-pe. H ■ is to read it very attentively, assisted by the teacher's ex- planations; and afterwards correct, in -wTiting, the false construction of tlie exercises belonging tO it. Thus, he ia to proceed, rule by rule, till the whole is finisherL* The learner should now be, occasionally, employed in parsing the promiscuous exercises, contained in the eighth section of the chajjteron Svntactieal Parsing. ^ 7. \^'hen the student has corrected all the exercises approprkted to tlie pai-ticulai- loiles, he shoidd regulaiiy proceed to rect'fy the promi;vCuou3 Exercises, in svntax and punctuaticai. In this employ, he should write over each eoj-rection, the number of the inile, principal or subordinate, by which: he conceives the correction ought to be made. 8. After this progress, the leai'ner will be qualified to enter on the Exer- cises respecting perspicuous and accm-ate writing. In this part, he is to pro- ceed in a manner as similar to the preceding directions, as the subject will admit. 9. When all the Exercises have been I'egularly corrected, in -writing; it -^vould tend to perfect the pupil's knowledge of" the rules, and to give hiiu * The pipil ought to review ei'ery leading rule, and a^ain recfift/ a /■-a* of the neiitences vnder it, bcffjrefw eixtsrft an its suboviiinate iksI^s and General Direction^. 9 aa habitual dexterity in applying them, if he were occasionalbr desired t* oorrect, verbaliif, erroneous sentences purposely st-lected from diftereni; parts of the hook ; to recite the laUes by which they are cjoverned ; Jiud, iri his o"wn language, to detail tlie reasons on whitli the corrections are foimd- ed. The following examples will give the student an idea of the manner^ in which he is to make tiie vtrbal corrections. "The man is prudent which speaks little.'* This sentence isincoiTect; because ivhich is a pronoun of tlie neute^ gender, and does not agree in gender with its antecedent man which is rar,3culine. Rut a pronoun shoidd agi-^e with its a»-tecedcnt, in geiderj. fic. according to the fifth rvde of Syntax. Which should therefore hc-who^ a. relative pronoun, agreeing with its antecedent man ; and the sentence ihould stand thus : " The man is prurient, ~vho speaks little." "After I visited Europe, I returned to Anier ca." This sentence is not con'ect ; because t]ie verb vivted is in the imperfect tense, and yet used here to express an action, nrit or.ly past, but prior to the time referred to by the Verb returned, to wbicb il relates. By the thir- teenth nde of Syntax, v, hen verbs aiv used th'at, in point of time, relatt- to each other, the onlt-r of time should b obscrvt d. The iirperfrct tense visited, should, therefore, h:;ve been hud vi»\'ed, in the pUiperfect ttnse^ representing the action of visiting; not only as past, but also as pi lor to the time of retiiminif. Th*-- sentence cotT< cted would stand tims : " Aft* i I had visited Kui'ope, I returned to America. *' This was the cause which fii"st gave rise to such a bai'barous practice."" This sentence is inaccurate. The words ^rj»/ and vice have here the same meaning; an'l the woni such is not properly ap])lied. This \v(-i-d sleauv a de^iy^e of it : and therefore tl^e word *o, iiist; .«f t^ such, ought to have l;een used. The werds cuy'te and ^otp rise, aie :'lsa tautological: one of them shcuh', c? ns<",u ntly be oi.iiit i\. The sentence corrected would stand thus : *'This wj-s the original ctiuse of Robarbiircus a practice :" or, "of a practioc* so barhmf.as." 10. As ])arsii!g is an ex<'rc se of great importance to the pupil, it should \e continued regularly, through tlie wl ole coui'se of his giaiinirtticsl iu« jtruction. 11. To the learner T^ho has not the aid of a teacher, tlie A'tnf is indis])eu- sable. liut '.t slio d, on no ccciision, be consnlte'!, t'-li the sentence \vhich i&to be rectified; haa bc'ji >n amuses, but sel- would be tiealthy. dom satisfies us. He is as old as his classmate. Hark! how sweetly the wood- but not so learned. lark sings ! Charles is est.-emd because Ah the d-lnsions of hopp. he is both discreet and be- Hail, s-n «licity! source of nevolent genuine joy. We will -tay till he arrives. Reiiold I haw pleasant it is He retires to rest soun, that ^^^ b -ethren to dwell togeth- he may rise early. er in -mity! We ought ^o be ^^iMkful. for W-icom«- igain ! my long we have icceivcd much. lost friend, B:2 ig English Exercises* SECT. VII. J few instancesof the same word's constituting several of the parts of speech. Calm was the day, and the The desire of getting more is scene drlightFul. rarfly -.atisfied. We may expect a calm after He has e(|ual knowledge, but a storm. inferior judgment To prevent passion, is easier She is his inferior in sense, than to calm it. but his equal in prudence. Better is a litt't with content, Every being loves its like. than a great deal v.itli anx- We must make a like space ietj. between the lines. He laboured to still the tu- Soft bodies damp the sound mult. u uch more than hard ones; Still waters are commonly Tho* she is rich and fair, yet deepest. she is not amiable. Damp air is unwholesome. Th y are yet young, .and Guilt often casts a damp over uiust suspend their judg- our sprightliest hours. ment yet a while. The gay and dissolute think Behave yourselves like u»en. little of the miseries, which We are too apt to like perni- are stealing softly after them, cious company. A little attention will rectify He may go or stay as he likes. some errors. They strive to learn. Though he is out of danger, He ^oes to and fro. he is still afraid. To his wisdom we owe our Many persons are better than priveleo;e. we suppose them to be. The proportion is ten to one. The few and the many have He has served them with his their prepossessions. utmost ability. Few days pass without some When we do our utmost, no clouds. more is required. Much money is corrupting. I will submit, for I know sub- Think much, and speak little, mission brings peace. Ht has seen much of the It is for our health to be tem- world, and been much car- perate. fcssed O! for better times. His years are more than hers ; 1 have a regard for him. but he has not more knowl- He is esteemed, both on his ♦'^'ge* own account, and on that of The more we are blessed, the his parents. more grateful we should be. I rode out yesterday. Parsing. 1^ Both of them deserve praise. To-morrow may be brighter Yfcit^^rd;!}' was a fine day. than to-day. I shall write to morro^\• SECT. VIII. ^"ouns, Adjectives, and Verbs, to he declined, compared, and conjugated. Write, in the nominative case plural the following nouns ; apple, plum, oran2;e, bush, tree, plant, convenience, disorder, novice, beginning, defeat, protuberance. Write the following substantives, in the nominative case plural : cry. fly, cherry, lancy, glory, duty, bo}, folly, play, liiy, toy, conveiiiencj. Write the following nouns in the possessive case singu- lar : boV, girl, man, woman, lake, sea, church, lass, beauty, sist r, bee, branch . Write the followins; in the nominative case plural : loaf, sheaf, self, muff, knife, stuff, wife, staff, wolf, half, calf, shelf, life. Write the following in the possessive case plural : broth- er, child, man, won^an, foot, tootli, ux, mouse, goose, penny. Write the following nouns in the nominative and posses- sive case plural; wife, chit f, die, staff, city, river, proof, archer, master, crunch, mouth, bjker, distaff. Writ* the pt)sse9s>ive sinj^ular and plural of the pronouns, I, thou, he, she, it, who, and other. \N rite the objective cases, singular and plural, ot the pro- nouns, I, thou, he, she, it, a-d who. Compart^ the folio vi;)g arijectives: fair, grave, bright, lon_, short, tall, white, d^-ep, strong, poor, rich, great. Compare the 'bllowinj adjectives: amiable, moderate, di -.interested, favourabh*, grateful, studious, attentive, neg- ligent, industrious, perplexing. Write the following adjectives, in the comparative de- gree: ne-H', far, little, low, good, indifferent, bad, worthy, convenient. Write the following adjectives in the superlative degree : feeble, bold, good, ardent, cold bad, base, little, strong, late, near, content. Conjugate the following verbs, in the indicative mood, present tense ; beat, gain, read, eat, walk, desire, interpose* 20 English Exercises. Conjugate the following verbs in the potential mood, im- perfect tense: fear, hope, dream, fly, ronsent, imjMove, controvert. Conjugate the following verbs in the subjunctive mood, perfect tense : drive, prepare, starve, omit, indulge, demon- strate. Conjugate the following words in the imperative mood ; believe, depart, invent, give, abolish, contrive. Write the lollowing verbs in the infinitive mood, present and perfect tenses : grow , decrease, live, prosper, separate, incommode. Write the present, perfect, and compound participles, of the following verbs: confess, disturb, please, know, begin, sit, set, eat, lie, lay. Conjug-ate the following verbs, in the indicative mood, present and perfect tenses of the passive voice ; honour, abase, amuse, slight, enlighten, displease, envelop, bereave. Conjugate the following verbs, in the indicative mood, pluperfect and first future tenses : fly, contrive, know, de- vise, choose, come, see, go, eat, grow, bring, forsake. VVrite the following verbs in the present and imperfect tenses of the potential and subjunctive moods: know, shake, heat, ke^ep, give, blow, bestow, beseech. Write the following verbs in the indicative mood, imper- fect and second future tenses, of the passive voice : slay, draw, crown, throw, defeat, grind, hear, divert. Write the following verb* in the second and third per- sons singular of all the tenses in the indicative and subjunc- tive moods: approve, condemn, mourn, freeze, know, arise, drive, blow, in\estigate. Form the fol'owihg verbs in the infinitive and imperative moods, with ther participles, all in the passive voice: em- brace, draw, defeat, smite. SECT. IX. Troviiscuous Exercises in Etymological Parsing. In your wh«de behaviour, be humble and obliging. Virtue is the universal cliaim. True politeness has its seat in the heart. We should endeavour to please, rather than to shine and dazzle. , Opportunities occur daily for strengthening in ourselves the habits of virtue. Parsing. 21 Conapassion prompts us to relieve the wants of others. A good mind is unwilling to give pain to either man or beast. Peevishness and passion often produce, from trifles, the most serions mischiefs. Discontent often nourishes passions, equally malignant in the cottage and in the palace. A great proportion of human evils is created by ourselves. A passion for revenge, has alwa}s been considered as the mark of a little and mean mind. If g^'catness flatters our vanity, it multiplies our dangers. To our own failings we are commonly blind. The friendships oi young persons, are often founded on capricious likings. In your youthful amusements, let no unfairness be found. Engrave on your minds this sacred rule; '* Do unto oth- ers, as you wish that they should do unto you." Truth and candour possess a powerful chann: they be- speak universal favour. After the fir«t departure from sincerity, it is seldom in our power to stop: one artifice generally leads on to anoth- er. Temper the vivacity of youth, with a proper mixture of serious thought. The spirit of true religion is social, kind, and cheerful. Let no compliance with the intemperate mirth of others, ever betray ^ou into profane sallies. In preparing for another world, we must not neglect the duties of this life. The manner in which we employ our present time, may decide our future happiness or misery. Happiness does not grow up of its own accord : it is the fruit of long cultivation, and the acquisition of labour and care. A plain understanding is often joined with great worth. The brightest parts are sometimes found without virtue or honour. How feeble are the attractions of the fairest form, when nothing within corresponds to them ! Piety and virtue are particularly graceful and becoming in youth. Can we, untouched by gratitude, view that profusion of good, which the Divine hand pours around us? 22 English Eocercises. There is nothing in human life more amiable and respec- table, than the character of a trul^ humble and bene\'^oIent man. What feelings are more uneasy and distressful, than the workings of sour and angry passions? No man can be active in disquieting others, who does not, at the same time, disquiet himself. A life of pleasure and dissipation, is an enemy to health, fortune, and character. To correct the spirit of discontent, let us consider how little we deserve, and how much we enjoy. As far as happiness is to be found on earth, we must look for it, not in the world, or the things of the world ; but within ourselves, in our temper, and in our heart. Though bad men attempt to turn virtue into ridicule they honour it at the bottom of their hearts. Of what small moment to our real happiness, are many of those injuries which draw forth our resentii^eiit. In the moments of eager contention, every thing is mag- nified and distorted in its appearance. Multitudes in the most obscure stations, are not less eager in their petty broils, nor less tormented by their pas- sions, than if princely honeurs were the prize for which they contend. The smooth stream, the serene atmosphere, the mild zephyr, are the proper emblems of a gentle temper, an(> a peaceful life. Among the sons of strife, all is loud and tempestuous. GHAP. II. Exercises in Parsin,g, as it respects both Etymology an^ Syntax. See Grammar, p. 217. SECT. I. Syntactical Parsing Table, Article, Why is it the definite article? Whv the indefinite ? Why omitted ? Why repealed ? Substantive. Wh) is it in the possessive case ? Wh\ in the objective case ? Parsing, 23 "Why in apposition ? Why is the apostrophic s omitted ? ^idjective* What is its substantive? Why in the singular, why in the plural num- ber? Why in the comparative degree, &€. Why placed after its substantive ? Why omitted ? Why repeated ? Pronoun, What is its antecedent ? Why is it in the singular, why in the plural number ? Why of the masculine, why of the feminine, why of the neuter i^f-nder ? Why of the first, of tne second, or of the third person ? Why is it the nominative case ? Why the possessive ? Why the objective? Wliy omitted ? Why repeated ? Verb, What is its nominative case ? What case does it govern r Why is it in the singular? Why in the plural number ? Why in the first person, &c. ? Why is it in the infinitive mood? Why in the subjunctive, &c.? Why in this particular tense ? What relation has it to anc^her verb, in point of ti/ne ? Wliy do participles sometimes govern the ob- jective case? Why is the verb omitted ? Why repeated? Adverb. What is its proper situation ? Why is the double negative used r Why rejected ? Preposition. What case (^oes it govern ? Which is the word governed ? Why tliis proposition ? Why omitted ? Why repeated ? Conjunction, ^^"hat moods, tenses, or cases, does it connects Ami why? What mood does it require? Why omitted r Why repeated ? Interjection. Wliy does the nominative case follow it r Wiiy the objectiye? Why omitted? Why re- peated 24 English Exercises SECT. IT. Specimen of Syntactical Parsing, ** Vice degrades us." Vice is a common substantive, of the neuter gender, the third person, in the singular number, and the nominative case. Degrades is a regular verb active, indicative mood, present tense, third person singular agreeing with its nom- inative " vice," according to rule i. which says ; (here re- peat the rule.) Us is a personal pronoun, first person plu- ral, in the objective case, and governed by the active verb ^' degrades," agreeably to rule xi. which says, ^c. " He who lives virtuously prepares for all events." He is a personal pronoun, of the third person, singular number, and masculine gender. Tfho is a relative pronoun, which has for its antecedent *' he," with which it agrees in gender and number, according to rule v, which says, &c. Lives a regular verb neuter, indicative mood, present tense, tliird person singular, agreeing with its nominative, '* who*' according to rule vi. which says, &c. Virtuously is an adverb of quality. Prepares a regular verb neuter, indica- tive mood, present tense, third person singular, agreeing with its nominative " he." For is a preposition. Jill is an adjective pronoun of the indefinite kind, the plural number, and belongs to its substantive, "events," with which it agrees, according to rule viii. which says, &c. Events is a common substantive of the neuter gender, the third person, in the plural number, and the objective case, governed by the preposition " for," according to rule xvii. which says, &,c. •* If folly entice thee, reject its allurements." Jjf is a copulative conjunction. Folly is a common sub- stantive of the neuter gender, the third person, in the singu- la! number, and the nominative case. Entice is a regular verb active, subjunctive mood, present tense, third person singular, and is governed by the conjunction '*if," according to rule XIX. which saj^s, &c. Thee is a personal pronoun, of tlie second person singular, in the objective case, govern- ed by the active verb ** entice," agreeably to rule xi, which says, &ic. lieject is a regular active verb, imperative mood, second person singular, and agrees with its nominative case, «* tliou," implied. Its is a personal pronoun, third ;pcrson, Farsii'i^. sa »lriguiar number, and of the neuter gender, to as:ree with its substantive '•folly,*' accortting to lu le v. v\"nich savs &:c. It is in the possessive case, governed by the noun ''allure- ments,*' agreeable to rule x. which says, &c. Ailiiremenis- is a common substantive, of the neuter gender, the third per- son, in tlie plural number, and the objective case governed by the active verb, " reject," according to rule xi. which says, &:c. SECT. TIL Exercises on the firsts secon:-. third and fourth Bides of Sjrda.w* 1. The contented mind spreads ease and cheerfulness around it. The school of experience teaches many useful lessors. In the path of life are mativ tliorn^, ai well as ilower*. Tliou shouldst do justice to all men. even to enemies. 2. \ anitv and pre>umption ruin many a promising youth. Food, clotiiins:, and credit, are the rewards <»f industry. Ho and A\ illiam live togetlier in jrreal harmony. 3. No age, nor cordition, is exempt from trouble. AVealth, or virtue, or any valuable actjuisidon, is not at' tainable by idle wishes. 4. The British nation is great and generous. '1 he company is assembled. It is composed of persons possessing very diftercnt sentiments. A herd of cattle, peacefully grazing, afford a pleasing sight. SECT. IV. Exercises in the ffth, sixth, spventh and eighth Rides of St/ntax, 5. The man, who is faithfully attached to religion, may be relied on with confidence. '1 he vices which we should especially avoids are those which most easily beset us. 6. They who are born in high stations, are not ahvay's happy. * In parsmsr these exercises, the pnpil should repeat the respective ml t£ S) ulax, and show that it applies to tlie senteuce which he is4/ariiiiig. c £6 ^English Exercises. Our parents and teachers are the persons \vliom we ought, in a particular manner, to respect. If our tViend is iu trouble, we, whom he knows and loves, may console him. r. 1 hou art the man who has improved his privileges, and who will reap the reward. I am the person, who owrs a fault committed , and who disdains to conceal it by falsehood. 8. 'I hat sort of pleasure weakens and debases the mind. Even in tiiese times, there are many persons, who from disinterested motives, are sc-kcitous to promote the happi- ness of others. SECT. V. .Exercises on the nirdli, tenth, ehverMi and twelfth Rules of Syntax, 9. The restless discontented person, is not a good friend^ a good neighbour, or a good subject. The young, the healthy, and the prosperous, should not presume on their advantages. 10. 'I he scholar's diligence will secure the tutor's appro- bation. The good parent's greatest joy, is, to see his children wise and virtuous. 1 1. Wisdom and virtue ennoble us. Vice and folly de- base us. Whom can we so justly love, as them v/ho have endeav- oured to make us wise and happy r 12. When a person has nothing to do, he is almost always tempted to do wrong. We need not urge Charles to do good : he loves to do it. We dai-e not leave our studies without permission. SECT. VL Exercises on the thirteenth, fourteenth, ffteenth, sixteenth and seventeenth Eides of Sijntax. IS. Tlie business is, at last, completed ; but long ago I intended to do it. I expected to see the king, before he left Windsor. Tlip misfortune did happen : but we early hoped and en- deavoured to prevent it. To have been censured by so judicious a friend, v/ould 7^.9.ye greatly discouraged me- }4. Havmg earty disgraced himself, he became mean ami dispirited. Knowing him to be my superior, I cheerfully submitted, 15. We should always prepare for the v»orst, and hope foi*- the best. A yoiiTis: man, so learned and virtuous, promises to be a Yery useful member of society. Wlien our virtuous friends die, they are not lost for ever> they are only gone before Wi to a happier world. 16. Neither threatenings, nor an^' promises, could make him violate the truth. Charles is not insincere; and therefore we may trust him. 17. From whom was tliat inf!)rmation received ? To who.n do that house, awd those tine gardens, belong ? SECT. VII. Exercises on the eighteenth, nineteenth^ twentieth, twenty first and tu'entt/st'cond Hides of Sjntax, 18. He and I commenced our studies at the same time. If we contend about trifles, and violently mantaiii our opinion, we sfiall gain b';t few friends. 19. Though James and myself are rivals, we do not ceaser to be friends. If Charles acquire knowledge, good manner?, and virtue^ he will secure esteem. William is respected, because he is upriglit and obligins;. *20. '1 hese persons are abundantly more oppressed than We aie. Though I am not so good a schohr as he is, I am,per«^ haps, not less attentive tlian he, to stud v. Zl. Charles was a man of knowledge^ learning, politeness, and religion. In our travels, we saw much to approve, and much to condci) n. 2 2. Tl\e book is improved by many useful corrections, alterations, and additions. She is more talkative and lively than her brother, bn^- aot so well informed, nor so wniformlv checrfuik i?S En2:lish Eoji^rcise's. SECT, VIII. Proinisciioiis Exercises in Syntactical Parsing, PROS] DissiMui ATiox in youth, is the forerunner of perlidj in old ii^e. Its first appearance is tlie fatal omen of growiiig depravity, and future shahie. If we posstss not the power of self-government, we shall be ihc prev of every loose inclination tli-it cliances to arise. Pampered by continual indulgence, all our passions will become mutinous and headstrong. Defeire, not reason, will be the ruling principle of our conduct. Absurdly we spend our time in contending about the tri- fles of a day, while vre ougiit to be preparing for a higher* eslitence. iJIoAV little do they know of the true happiness of life, xvlio are strangers to that intercoui^s^ of good offices and kind affections,* which, by a pleasing charm, attaches men to one atother, and circulates rational enjoymentfrom heart to heart ! If v.-e view ourselves, v.ith all our imperfections and failings, in a jusr light, v.e shall rather be surprised at oin* enjoying so many good things, than discontented, because there are any which we nant. True cheerfulness makes a man happy in himself, and promotes tlie happiness of all around him. it is the clear ^.ud calm sunshine of a mind illuminated by piety and vir- tue. Wherever vlev.s of interest and prospects of return, mingle with the feelinfi^s of affection, sensibility acts an imperfect part, and entitles us to small shar& of commen- dation. Let not your expectations from the j'ears that sre td come, rise too higli; and your disappointments will be few- er, and more easiiy supportedv To live long, ought not to be our favourite wish, so muck as to live well. By continuing too long on earth, we might pnly live to witness a greater number of melancholy scenes, and to expose ourselves to a wider compass of humaa wo. How many pass away some of the most valuable years ot* thei>- liv. s, tohf in a whirlpool of what cannot be caUe«i pleasure, su much as mere giddiness and folly ' ^(mtm. ' • .^9 a Loak round you with attentive eye, and weigh charac- ters w£ll, before you connect yourselves too closely with any who court your society. The true honor of man consists not in the multitude of riches, or the elevation of rank ; for experience shows, that these may be possessed by the worthless, as well as by the deserving. Beauty of form has often betrayed its possessor. The flower is easily blasted. It is short lived at the best ; and trifling, at any rate, in comparison with the higher, and more lasting beauties of the min.d. A contented temper opens a clear sky, and brightens ev- ery object around us. It is in the sullen and dark shade of di-content, that noxious passions, like venomous animals* breed and prey upon the heart. Thousands whom indoleiice has sunk into contemptible obscurity, might have come forward to usefulness and hon- our, if idleness had not frustrated tiie eilects of all theii' powers. Sloth is like the slowly-flowing, putrid stream, which stagnates in the marsh, breeds venomous animals, and poi- 8t)iious plants; and infects with pestilential vapours the whole country round it. '* Disappointments de:angc, and overcome, vulgr minds. The patient and the wise, by a proper nnproveament,»re- cjuently make them contribute to their high advantage. \V /..atever fortune may rob us of, it cannot take away w at is most valuable, tlie peace of a gowl conscience, and the c eering prospect of a appy conclusion to all the trials of life, in a better world. Be not overcome by the injuries you meet wit v so as to pursue revenge : bv t'le disasters of life, so as to sink into despair ; by the evil examples of tiie world, so as to fi)llow tliem into sin. Overcome injuries by foigiveness; disasr ters, by fortitude; evi! examples, by firmness of principle. S(»l>riety of \\\\\\\\ i» one of those vr^aes, wliich the pres ent condition o* human life stnmglx incuh^ates. The un- certainty o1 its enjoym.mts, checks presumntion ; the mutti- pli< itv of Its dan^^fM's. demands jierpitu d cautio i. Mode- ratiorj, vij:ilani"e, *uid ^elf-g<»ver. merit, a^e duttes incum'jent on ali ; but especiiUy ju such as are beginning the journey of l.f..'. Tp.f char-ns an I conifortsof ' 'vr'ie arc,inexpress;bJ3; and can only ae justly cuiiceiv);! ^y c.i oae wiio pustcos her.— ■SO £n§iish E^'Cevcises, The consciousness of Divine approbation and support, and the steady hope of future happiness, couimunicuie a peace ar J joy, to which ail the delights of the v>orld bear no re- semblance. it v.e knew how much the pleasures of this life deceive and betray their unhappy votaries; and reflected on the disappointments in pursuit, the dissatisfaction in enjoyment or the uncertainty of possession, which every where at- ' tend them ; we should cease to be enamoured with these brittle and transient joys; and should v*'isely fix our hearts en those virtuous attainments, which the v/orid can neither give ncr take away. POETRY. Order is Heaven's first lav ; znd this confest. Some are, f.ud must be, greater tlirtu the rest, Alore rich, iXiOre vrise ; but ^ho inters from hence. That such are happier, shocks all coiiimon sensL, Needful austeritiea ovir "wills restifiin. As thorns fence in the tender pituit froii. harm. Reason's \^hnV j^leasure, all the joys of sense, }^ie hi three v.oriV^, rica'th, peace, and couitk teace Jl'it health consists vrith temperance alone ; And peace, O virtue ! peace is all ihv" own. On earth nought preciou.s is obtain'd, But \yl:at is ])ainful too; By travel aii*! io travel born, Oiu' safcuatlis {U'e but few. V.Tio noble ends by noble n'veans obtains^ Or failir J, smiles. In exile or in cl.alns, IJ^^c good Aurelius let him reign, or bleed Like Scci-atts, that naim is gi'eat indeed, CarTicarls ?.re faiten'd totlsls "Viorld, i?y stroT^ii and endless ties ; But cverv sorrow cuts a striiig-, And 1:1 ges us to rise. Oft pining cares in rich brocades r.re drest. And diamonds glitter on an anxious breast Teach me to fe^^l another's v/o, \ To iilde tiie faults I see r I That r^.ercy I to otheis sfiov>', That raercy show to_rne. This day be l>rcad, and peace, mj lot . Ail (Ise beneath the sun Thou kiiow'st if berst bestow'd or not> >^ud kt tl\j- w ill be doue. Parking: II jr'iee is a monst.er of so frightful mien. As, to be hated, needs but to he seen : Yft seen loo oft, familiar with her face, | "NA e fii'st endure, then pity, then embraco. If nothing more tlian pwpose in thy power, 'Ihy [jurposc firm, is equal to tlie deed: \A ho does the best his cii-cun.&tauce allows. Bees well, acts nobly ; angels could uo more, In fititli and hope the Morld will disagree^ iiui ail niiaikma's coricern is charity. To be resign'd when ills betide^ Patient when favours are denied. And pleas'd with la\<-ui-s gi%'n ; Mo.^t surely this is A\ isdoui'h 1 Jtrt, This is £l;a't incense of the hcait, ^\'hose fragi-ance sniells to llca\'n. All fame is forei^, but of true dcse-.l ; Flays round the head, but comes not to tlie itearf , One self-ap;,ro^injJ hour ^hole years out\*eighs Of stupid :^t:•rers, and of loud huzzas ; And more true joy Marcellus exil'd feels, Thau Csesar witli a senate at his heels. Far from the madding crowd's ignoble strife, 'i'heir sober *iblies never learnM to slra) : Along the coe! setiucstcrM vale of life. The} kept the noiseless teiior ol their way. What nothing earthly gives, or can irlue's prize. Pity the sorrows of a poor old man, M hose trenibling limbs have borne him to liiy doOij W liose days :ire UwindJec! to tiie sl.oriest sj an : Oh ! give ivlief, and Heuv'n will bless iliy store". Who li\es to nature, ra:"ely can be fK)or, Who li\es to fancy, utvcr can be rich. Wlien )ouno;, lifj's jounif y I boc^an, The's^litt'riiii: prospect cliarm'd my eycsj 1 saw, alorjj tli' extended plain, Joy after jOy successive rise. But soon 1 found 'twas all a dream ; Auil learu'd the fond pursuit to shun. Where «ewcan reach the pui-pos'd aim, And thousands daiiy are uudoue. 'Tis greatly w ise to talk with our past honrs ; And ask them, '.\hiit report they bore to hearji. All nature is but art unknown to thee ; All cl.iuice, diietlion, v,)vx\: thou canst not see; y^ Alldiicoixl, harniM.) not uuderstcod ; /^ a\11 partial evil, wiiivcFsal good. / 46 English Exercises, fPromis- The mist which invelopes many studies, is dissipated when we approach them. The voice is sometimes obstructed by a hoarsness, or by viscuous phlegm The desart shall rejoice and blossom as the rose. The fruit and sweetmeats set on table after the meat, are called the desert. We traversed the flowry fields, till the falling dews ad- monished us to return. SECT. 6. Key, p. 15. There is frequently a worm at the root of our most flor- ishing condition. The stalk of ivey is tough, and not fragil. The roof is vaulted, and distills fresh water from every part of it. Our imperfections are oiscernable by others, when we think they are concealed. They think they shall be beared for their much speaking. True criticizm is not a captious, but a liberal art. Integrity is our best defense against the evils of life. No circumstance can licence evil, or dispence with the rules of virtue. We may be cyphers in the world's estimation, whilst we are advancing our own and others' value. The path of vertue is the path of peace. A dipthong is the coilition of two vowels to form one sound. However forceable our temptations, they may be resisted. I acknowlege my transgression ; and my sm is ever be- fore me. The colledge of cardinals are the electers of the pope. He had no colorable excuse to palliate his conduct. Thy humourous vein, thy pleasing folly, Lie all neglected, all iorgot. If we are so conceited as obstlnatly to reject all advice, we must expect a direliction of friends. Cronolog} is the science of compiteing and adjusting the periods of time. In gi'oves we live, and lay on mossy beds. By chiystal streams, that murmer thro' the meads. It is a secret cowardise which induces us to complement cuous.j Syntax. 47 the vices of our superiors, to applaud the libertin, and laugh vith the prophane. 'Ihe lark each morning waked me with her spritely lay. There are no fewer than thirty-two species of the lilly. "VVe ow e it to our visitors as well as to ourselves, to en- tertain them with useful and sensable conversation. Sponsers are those who become sureties for the children's education in the christian faith. The warrier's fame is often purchased by the blood of thousands. Hope exi'erates the mind, and is the grand elixer, under all the evils of life. The incence of gratitude, whilst it expresses our duty, and honors our benefacter, perfumes and regails onrselves. PART III. EXERCISES IN SYNTAX. CHAP. I. Containing instances of fahe Syntax, disposed under the particular RuleS' RULE I. ^ verb miist agree with its nominative case, in number and person : as " I learn ; " Thou art improved ; »' The birds sing" Grammar, p. 139, Key, p. 18. Disappointments sinks the heart of man ; but the re- newal of hope give consolation. The smiles that encourage severity of judgment, hides malice and iiisinceritj'. He dare not act contrary to his instructions. Fifty pounds of wheat contains forty pounds of fl >ur. The mechanism of clocks and watches were totally un- known a few centuries ago. The number of the inhabitants of Great Britain and Ire- land, do not exceed sixteen millions. 48 English Exercises (Pvamis- Nothing but vain and foolish pursuits delight some per- sons. A variety of pleasing objects charm the eye. So much both of ability and merit are seldonv found. In the conduct of Parmenio a mixture oi wisdom and fol- ly were very conspicuous. lie is an author of more credit than Plutarch, or any oth» er that write lives too hastily. The inquisitivf and curious is generally talkative. Great pains has been taken to reconcile the parties. I r-m sorry to say it, but there was more equivocators than cne. The sincere is always esteemed. Has the goods been sold to advantage? and did thou em- brace the proper season r There is many occasions in life, in which silence and sim- plicity is true wisdom. The generous never recounts minutely the actions they have done ; nor the prudent, those they will do. He need not proceed in such liaste. The business that related to ecclesiastical meetings, mat- ters and persons, were to^be ordered according to the king's direction. In him were happily blended ti-ue dignity with softness of manners. The support of so many of his relations, were a heavy tax upon his industry : but thou kr o\\s he paid it cheerfully. ^Vhat avails the best sentiments, if persons do not live suitably to them : Reconciliation was offered, on conditions as moderate as was consistent with a permanent union. Not one of them whom thou sees clothed in purple, are completely happy. Anc^ the fame of this person, and of his wonderful actions, were diffused throughout the country. The variety of the productions of genius, like that of the operations of nature, are without limit. In vain our flocks and fields increase our store, %Vhen our abundance make us wish for more. Thou should love thy neighbour as sincerely as thou loves thyself. Has thou no better reason for censuring thy friend and companion. Bule i.J ' Syntax. 4§ Thou, who art the Autlior and Bestower of life, can doubt- less restore it also: but whether thou will please to restore it, or not, that thou only knows. O thou ray voice inspire, "NVlio toucli'd Isaiah's hallow'd lips Avith fii'e. Accept these grateful tears ; for tliee tliey floM' ; For tliee that ever felt another's wo. Just to thy word, in ev'ry tliought sincere j Who knew no wish but what ihe world might hear. The following examples are adapted to the notes and ob- servations under rule i. Grammar, p. 139. Key, p. 20. 1.* To do unto all men, as we would that they in similar circumstances should do unto us, constitute the great prin- ciple of virtue. From a fear of the world's censure, to be ashamed of the practice of precepts, which the heart approves and em- braces, mark a feeb'e and imperfect character. The ernmeous opinions which we form concerning hap- piness and misery, gives rise to all the mistaken and dan- gerous passions that embroils our life. To live soberly, righteously, and piously, ar€ required oi' all men. That it is our duty to promote the purity of our minds aind bodies, to be just and kind to our fellow- creatures, and to be pious and faithful to Him that made us, admit not of any doubt in a rational and well-informed mind. To be of a pure and hu nible miiid, to exercise benevolence towards others, to cultivate piety t'twards God, is the sure means of becoming peac^^ful aiid happy. Ii is an important truth, that religion, vital religion, the religion of the heart, are the most powerful auxiliaries of reason, in waging war with the passions, arid promoting that sweet composure which constitute the peace of God. The possession of oar senses entire, of our limbs uninju- red, of a sound understanding, of friends and compan- ions, ar»i often overlooked ; though it would be the ultimate wi'ih of many, who, as far as ue can judge, deserves it as much as ourselves. * The examples under each rule are regiilarly numbered, to make them cwrespond to the respective subordinate rules in the Grammar. E 50 English Exercises. (Rule 2, All that make a figure on the great theatre of the world, "the employments of the busy, the enterprises of the ambi- tious, the exploits of the warlike; the virtues wliich forms the happiness, and the crimes which occasions the misery of m