P E 
 
 1143 
 
 W45 
 
 1854 
 
 MAIN 
 
THE 
 
 UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE 
 
 AN ARGUMENT FOR A REFORMED ORTHOaRAPHY, 
 
 AS A MEANS OF AIDING THE UNIVERSAL DITFUSION 07 THE ENGUSK LANGUAGE. 
 
 BY WM. /WHITE. 
 
 Beprinted from the English Edition. 
 
 R. P. PROSSER, 
 
 AMERICAN PHONETIC JOURNAL OFFICE, 
 
 CINCINNATI. 
 
 1864. 
 

 
 YUNIVERSAL LAT^TGWaJ 
 
 as AWGLCD-SAKSON RQS, AND a$\.R RAPID INKR8S. 
 
 Memorabl abuv el de cotabl fakts ov ^r aj, iz de uiiparaleld inkres in 
 immberz, welf), and infliiens, ov de Agglo-Sakson ras. In 1600, konfjnd tu 
 Iggland, Walz, and Skotland, dis ras niimberd abst 6,000,000, and fermd but 
 a sekond-rat Yiiropean p^-er. Tuda w& fjnd dem boldig swa over de rigest 
 rejonz ov de ert, wid a komers gerdlig de ojan vvid its flets, and a popynlajon 
 ov 60,000,000, hwiq eldo so wjdli skatei'd, bodili, yet ferm wun grand spirit- 
 yual famili, bj dat strorigest ov yqnjtii) pserz — a konion lapgwaj and literatiir. 
 Propeld from d^r grat IggliJ hqrt, da hav gon fort tu de endz ov de ert, and 
 funded an empjr komptird wid hwiq doz ov old wer az gugez, 3a hav lad 
 in dis land de fsndajonz ov a republik Ikdz destini we most adekwatli eksprcs 
 bj de epitet "glorius." 3a hav setld in 9stralya, Nij, Zeland, and Afrika, 
 koloniz hdjz infansi ^jresajez a fq,tiiriti sekond onli tu dat ov dq^r elder Amer- 
 ikan sisterhiad. 3a hav aqevd de log-lusted-fer dominyon ov India and de 
 Est, and a multitxid ov ojanz fq^rest ilz ; komandig, in Jert, (despjt de kroel 
 and unjust menz bj hwiq mug ov dis empir haz bin akwjrd,) a pozijon ov 
 onor, pser, and magnifisens, a sober deskripjon ov hvviq wud sem but an 
 ekstravagans ov metafor. Napoleon esad tu kumj^as yi^niversal dominyon, 
 but de pepl, hot) wer hiz kompeld instrooments, brok dyu under de stran ov hiz 
 enerraus grasp. 3e qrtifijal asendensi hwig he atand in a fq, yerz, bj de mjti 
 fors ov hiz wil, perijt in a da. It iz fcLr uderwjz wid de empjr ov Agglo- 
 Saksondom. 3e elevajon and ekspanjon ov dis ras haz bin de wurk ov tim. 
 It iz de natynral rezult ov hj intelektynal pserz, perseverigli apljd tu definit 
 objekts. Ljk de ok, its grot haz bin de proses ov senti^riz, and it wil endi^r 
 fer ajez. 
 
 In fermig a korekt estimat ov de pozijon and inflqens ov de Apglo-Saksonz 
 in de fq,tyiir, we must ad, az an esenjal element in ^r konsiderajon, de rat ov 
 niimerikal inkres at hwiq da q,r progresig. Nafonal preeminens duz not rest 
 on numberz, els wer de Gjnez and HindoDZ de wurldz masterz ; but hwen, tu 
 de hjest mental pser, iz adjomd de gratest nqmerikal stregt, a wjz and benev- 
 olent guvernmental s^premasi over de weker and les hjli endsd bekumz an 
 erderli, az wel az an inevitabl, nesesiti. Eis konjugkjon ov mental and fizikal 
 vigor, we kontend, belogz tu de Agglo-Saksonz. 
 
 M41869 
 
rUNIVERSAL LAWGWaj. 
 
 3e Frenq statists tel us dat de popynlajon ov de Yqnjted Stats dublz itself 
 Avuns iu tweiiti-fiv yerz, and dat ov Grat Briten wuns in t?rti-for j'erz. Tu 
 be widin de mq,rk, let us supoz dat ferti yerz hens, fer wun Ai}glo-Sal<son we 
 n^ hav, djir wil be too ; and mq,rk de ijyn — 120,000,000 ov Ijv, buslig, Amer- 
 ikanz and Igglijmen in 1890 ! His iz a kalkqlajon ov vast signifikans, and 
 fermz a lejitimat topik ov konsiderajon fer de most praktikal and mater-ov- 
 fakt mindz. Hs raeni alq,rmist ferz, wid respekt tu de fiityi^r kors ov relijon 
 ftad politiks, wud de rekognijon ov dis probabiliti ala, wer it understiad, and 
 its ful ko'nsekvensez, aprejiated ! 
 
 ; Btt di& impresiv fakt asumz a muq hjer impertans hwen komp^rd wid de 
 n'qlnoiikal progv^^s ov udsr rasez. 3e Jermanz, nerli aproqig de IggliJ in kast 
 ov hcirt and intelekt, stand nekst tu dem in jorolifikajon, dublig demselvz 
 • uns in sevnti-for yerz. 3en foloz Holand, dublig its skwot litl self in wun 
 hundred and siks yerz ; nekst Itali, hwiq taks wun hundred and terti-fjv yerz 
 tu perferm de sam operajon. Frans standz nekst, and iz reworded fer its 
 jdolatri ov de sord, and its Ijt estimat ov wedloks holi bondz, bj dublig itself 
 in wun hundred and terti-at yerz. In a gradyi^ali dekresig skal prosed el de 
 uder Yi^ropean rasez, until we req Turki, hwig, in its siiperlativ wizdom, sub- 
 stitiitig poligami fer Hevnz apernted le ov monogami, suksedz in givig tu de 
 wurld tot) men fer wun in fjv hundred and fifti-fiv yerz,. 
 
 as AT^TGLO-SAKSONZ KOMPARD Wia EL8MENTAL KSSEZ, AND aS FST 
 OV UNMIKST NaXGNZ, 
 
 36 Agglo-Sakson ras, az everibodi noz, iz de rezult ov a kombinajon ov 
 hqrdi Kelts, tigkig Saksonz, and endi^rig Skandinavianz. 3e produkt ov d^r 
 amalgatnajon iz a pepl end^d wid de ekselensiz ov el. It iz komonli belevd 
 dat if a kat be tron from eni hjt hwotever, it wil elwaz manaj tu fel on its 
 fet. In dis respekt Agglo-Saksonz qr veri muQ Ijk kats. Drop an Amerikan, 
 er an Igglijman, upon eni kuntri, and in eni komnniti, and ten tu wun he 
 wil akomodat himself tu hiz nq serkumstansez, and bekum a trjvig and yijs- 
 ful sitizen. From de flrktik zon tu de fersest Indian het, *ihwqr dco ja> not 
 fjnd Agglo-Saksonz engajd in sum enterprjz er uder. Lik de kats, da elwaz 
 drop on d^r fet. 
 
 In de development ov de karakter ov elemental rasez, we elwaz fjnd a 
 predominans ov wun set ov fakulliz, atended wid a korespondig dwerfijnes in 
 de uderz ; dus reiiderig dem, tu a grat ekstent, de slavz ov serkumstansez, and 
 kezig d^r welff^r and hapines tu depend on de kontinynans ov serten kondi- 
 fonz. 3e trajt ov diti statment iz konfermJ bj bot past and kontemporaneus 
 histori. Fer instans, de Frenq qv esenjali an elemental ras, and qr d^rfor 
 kapabl ov fulfilig onli a limited ranj ov dqtiz. Hwen da atemt tu akomplij 
 enterprjzez st ov ds^r sfer, da met wid misfertyqn and disgras. Sum ov de 
 best Frenq familiz setld on de St. Lerens, Objo, and Misisipi, and a listles, 
 unprogresiv jenerajon haz bin de ijyii; bekez de nq kondijonz in hwiq da 
 hav bin kast, dcD not korespond wid dj^r mental fakultiz. Kolonizajon — dat 
 master-polisi, er rafler nesesiti, ov Iggland — de mansta ov dat kuntriz gratnes, 
 
iHT OV ELEMENiai RaSEZ. 
 
 i« not wun ov At diitiz ov Frans. SEe batl wid natynr in prjmeval forests, on 
 de prari, and de swomp, must be left tu hq,rdier and braver spirits. We ofn 
 tigk ov Frans and her distrcsez, and striv tu form sum jdea ov her fiitynr 
 lot. 1 Hy qr h^r trublz tu end ; and "i hwot wil be her fat. Fiitynr events qr 
 wjzli hidn from us, in order dat we ma ever akt in fredom. ([ nolej ov de 
 filtyq,r wud destrar sr fredom ov tet and akjon. So fqr az we qr abl tu folo 
 «t kezez tu d^ir efekts. and tu tras efekts bak tu dq,r kezez, we ma form sura 
 idea ov de probabl fiitynr destiniov dat najon. Gjded, den, bj dez lits and de 
 paj ov histori, we konfidentli belev dat Frans haz sen her britest daz. Not 
 dat we tigk her sun wil set, — we luv Frans, and pra dat no suq kalamiti ma 
 befel her, — but we belev dat, relativli, her halo wil fad befor de superior 
 brjtnesov uder sunz; and hwjlst tagkful for de grat servisez Je haz renderd tu 
 sivllizajon, we beJev dat hjer and pi^rer iufli^ensez dan herz qr destind tu fe,') 
 d^r benignant raz on advansig hiimanifci. 3^r iz suratig reali komik in de 
 komon ferz and forbodigz dat Frans wil obtan a mor inflqenjal pozijon, and 
 a mor komandig atiti^d amug de oajonz, dan J"e at prezent lioldz. Destitq^t 
 ov evn de abiliti ov self-guvernment, "i h^ kan fe aspjr tu led and guvern 
 udefz. Inkresig slc3li, dublig herself onli wuns in a hundred and t«rti-at 
 yerz, wid no surplus popy^lajon, it iz evident tu el dat konsentrajon ov let 
 and enerji on horn improovments, iz natyiirali de tra> and onli posibl suksesful 
 mijon ov Gelik enterprjz, — abandonig fer ever de mad ambijon ov militari 
 konkwest, az de wjldest and wikedest ov deli^gonz. But sadli iz it tu be ferd 
 dat dis najonal wizdom iz yet tu be pur^ast, and dat its prjs wil be — a biter 
 ekspsriena, 
 
 Tu Span de sam remqrks aplj. Xe atemted tu kolonjz Meksiko and Perco, 
 but not pozesig de rekwLzit versatiliti ov mjnd for adaptig h-erself tu de novel 
 sitynajon in hwiq Je woz plast, her megynrz partakig ov h«r on naro and 
 ekskiiiiSiv karakter, J£ weknd and paraljzd her nativ enerjiz in strjvig tu fulfil 
 a vokajon hwiq iz natyqrali beyond her ])serz. 
 
 ae piy Kelts, de Hjlanderz ov Skotland, h®, a sentqri sins, menast ds 
 egzisiens ov BritiJ institujonz, qr tuda peperjzd and famin-strikn. Nq, s«r- 
 kiimstansez hav arizn^ tu hwiq d^r erganizajon kan not akomodat itself. 
 Rob Eer and hiz dedz hav past awa for ever. Plunder and peti werfq^r kan 
 not egzist sjd bj sjd wid Glasgo kotn milz and de komers ov de Kljd. ^rij" 
 suferig oz its egzistens, in sum me3yiir, tu de sam kez; but it iz tu be remem- 
 berd dat no aflikjon iz ever permited wontonli, but elwaz far de akomplijmenfc 
 ov sum gild end. 
 
 HS FST OV ELSMENTSRI RflSEZ. 
 
 Hwen dizez invadz de bodili sistem, natyi^r wurks insesantli toardz its 
 ckspuljon, and de restorajon ov de primitiv belt and vigor. Az Avid de 
 mikr«)kozm, so wid de makrokozm ; de sam proses ov rejenerajon iz komon 
 tu e<j, foi- smel sistemz qr but de refJekJonz ov Iqrj wunz ov a similar kjnd: 
 natyi^r ever egzists aljk in de grat and in de smol. cle prinsipl hwi<j moldz 
 de dii-drop and de ter, givz form and order tii de y^inivers. 
 
YtLNIVERSAL LAWGWSJ. 
 
 Hwotever iz foren tu sr fizikal struktym', and inkapabl ov abserpjon and 
 yH,s, iz forst tia de surfas, and d^r kast of. In sosjeti — de makrokozm — we 
 tras a perfekt analoji ov dis sanitiv proses in ds individyi|al man — de mjkro- 
 kozm. 3us serten rasez ov men, trcD hereditari dcjenerajon, hav l)8kv\m efet 
 and yxisles, and qr sloli pasig from de ert. 3e Nerf) Amerikan Indianz, and 
 de aborijinez ov Polinejia, q,r, yer bj yer, diminijig. 3e Karibz, er de orijinal 
 inhabitants ov de West Indez, hav entjrli disaperd, eldo a fij sentx|,riz sins da 
 wer a numerus and fermidabl pepl. It ma be sed dat it iz unfj\r tu rezon dus, 
 and dat rum and hwiski hav kezd de dekres. Veri tr® ; but dis fakt duz not 
 in de lest invalidat vi prinsipl. 3is redines tu fel under mer senj^al temtajon 
 onli goz tu konferm de aserjon dat dis forlorn res woz wontii) in el de hjer 
 trats ov hiimaniti. We hav no ned tu nurtyi^r eder sr prjd er sr vaniti wid 
 de nolej ov dez poor kretyi^rz d«nfel. It Jud rader humbl us, and mak us 
 tetful under de remembrans dat, debast and benjted az dez pepl qr, da qr yet 
 ^r bredren, and ^ildren ov de sam gud Fqder ; and dat dsir To kondijon but 
 Jadoz fort a stat ov beig tu hwiq we «rselvz ma yet desend, if not aljv tu 'sr 
 dqtiz, and obedient tu de lez ov sr natyqral and spiritynal egzistens. 
 
 In kontemplatig de najonz ov antikwiti, and vvjig dem kolektivli az wun 
 grand man, we qr remjnded ov de anjent fabl, in hwiy diverz memberz ov de 
 bodi klamd separat soverinti, and independens ov eq uder. So it haz bin wid 
 hqraaniti in de past. £q nafon haz ignord de egzistens ov de uder, deliidig 
 itself wid de fansi dat it woz el-snfijent in itself, and askig in de prjd ov its on 
 self-luv, *i Hwj Jud j serv er depend upon uderz ; "i hw j Jud i not rader be a 
 wurld, and liv for myself alon. Brigii) dez misqivus konsepjonz intu akjon, eq 
 najonal koranniti haz isolated itself az fqr az posibl, and gerdld itself abst 
 wid perpleksig komerjal restrikjonz, beriig everi nobl felig under heps ov insan 
 prejqdisez, and niknamig dem patriotizm. 
 
 In anjent tjm, Jx\ and Jentjl Aver sinonimz fer frend and euemi. 3e Asiri- 
 anz, Babilonianz, Masedonianz, and Eomanz, eq, in turn, set tu subjqgat er 
 eksterpat el uder najonz. Wid de Mediteranean Se betwen dem, Rom kud 
 not b^r de egzistens ov Kqrtaj, ner Kqrtaj bred frcli in de prezens ov Rom. 
 So in modern tjmz, Frenqnien hav hated Igglijmen, and IggTiJmen hav 
 despjzd Frenqmen. 3e Kelt abherd de Sakson, and de Sakson in return oprest 
 de Kelt. 3e Spanyard haz gazd hetili arsnd him, and nurtyrird hiz pr^-d 
 hqrt wid de jdea dat ■gt ov hiz land egzisted neder gratnes ner glori. 3e 
 Mahomedan haz kurst de Kristyan, and de Kristyan, in testifjig de dept ov hiz 
 akwantans Avid de forgivig presepts ov hiz profest Master, haz mokt and revjld 
 de IslaEajt. ©ina and Japan, refjnig and imprtovig upon dis, akomplijt hwot 
 uder najonz did onli in pqrt, and liv and dj in solitari selfijues. But a qanj 
 iz kumig over de wurld. ©jna herself iz everi da opnig de gats ov sum ov 
 her tszand sitiz, and invjtig men ov el najonz tu dwel in dem. Bj sum 
 mistik menz it haz bin persevd dat belt in de handz duz not kez paralisis in de 
 fet, and dat prosperiti in Frans duz not implj bagkrnptsi in Briten ;— dat az no 
 member in de bodi iz advantajd bj dizez and mertifikajon in de iider memberz, 
 but kontrariwiz, iz stregtend and blest in de jeneral helt ; so in sosjeti, de 
 errand man, er makrokozm ov htimaniti in hwiq everi separat najon kores- 
 
HWOT AWGLO SAKSON INKRSS MgNS. 
 
 pondz tu sum member, and haz a fugkjon and yi^s ov its on, it Jud be a 
 mater ov taykfalnes and rejersig tu her ov yi^niv^rsal welf^r and prosperiti. 
 Viid under dis aspekt, hs van and kontemtibli men bekum meni akjonz in 
 hwi^ najonali, we tak prjd. 
 
 Az de fizikal bodi kau not egzist wid impuniti under de sistematik vjolajon 
 ov de natyiiral lez, so neder kan de bodi politik. It avoz latli stated dat a 
 amel vilaj on de IggliJ kost had fer a log period bin inhabited soUi bi a pepl 
 ha> gand d^r livlihud bj fijii). Livig fq,r remcovd from uder komq,nitiz, da 
 had marid and iutermarid kontinynali amug demselvz. SEe rezult ov d^r 
 isolajon, and log adherens tu wuu serkumskribd rcoten ov peti di^tiz, perpet- 
 yx^ated from jenerajon tu jenerajon, w z a mqrkt deteriorajon ov karakter, 
 and a k^sntrakjon ov mjnd, until, elmost animaljzd, da bekam kapabl ov litl 
 els dan mer fij-kaqig. In dis vilaj we hav a tjp, in an egzajerated form, ov 
 d« evilz hwiq najonz brig upon djmselvz bj a similar kors ov akjon. Did da 
 suksed in dqr atemts at perfekt isola^''on, az turoli az dez vilajerz, de rezult 
 wud be de sani. Az it iz, trublz, perpleksitiz, and konvuljonz q,r permited tu 
 aflikt dem, az a menz ov eksjtig d^r atenjou tu dq,r erorz, and arszig dem, if 
 posibl, tu a sens ov 6^r danjer. It iz fer dis end dat irland haz bin skurjd, — 
 dat d£ elementari rasez iu uder najonz qr in a stat ov perturbajon, and dat de 
 restriktiv komerfal lez ov nerli ei de sivil^zd najonz, inflikt onli raizeri on 
 demselvz and uderz. tie end in de kas ov ^rlaud haz elredi bin, in pqrt, gand. 
 Az pij^r and unmikst ^rijmen, so strog and impulsiv wer meni ov d^r tendensiz 
 tu varius evilz, dat litl kud he hopt fer from dem. Az d^r woz yet muq gud 
 iu dem, — unljk de Amerikau Indianz er de Karibz, — dq,r fat woz not tu be 
 swept fpam de evt. An infij^on ov nq, blud, and dj^rbj a modifikajon ov dqr 
 karakter, bekam nesesari. Politikal diskontent and ajitajon, de famin and de 
 plag, kombind tu drjv dem akros de Atlantik, and ns on dis bred kontinent da 
 q,r stron and disperst, and in tjm wil be abserbd and miggld in de grat flud- 
 stremz ov najonz hwi<5 qr metig on sr se-l. 
 
 We kan not her ava-d alq,dig tu de strog rezemblans betwen Amerika at 
 prezent, and Iggland at de Neraian koukwest. In dat land met de wjdli, 
 diferent rasez ov Kelt, Sakson, and Skandinavian ; and de ijyn ov d^r jugkjon 
 woz de enterprjzig and benevolent Igglijmen ov de prezent da. In dis kuntri, 
 a l^k proses, but on a vastli mor jjgantik skal, semz goig forward. Her we 
 se m£tig and intemiigglig, in varid pro^XDrJon, men ov everi Yiyopean ras. 
 Wid de inkrest menz ov lokomojon n« f urnijt, it iz probabl de kombinajon wil 
 muq sojTier req komplejon. Hwot de presjs natyi^r ov de produkt ma be, we 
 no not; but dat it wil be gud, and req a hj stat ov tro sivilizajon and hapines 
 ^r belef in de el-wjz lez ov de Divjn Providens givz us ful ajipans. 
 
 HWOT ATJGLO-SAKSON INKRES MSNZ. 
 
 Despotizm haz elwaz megurd Amerikan and IggliJ institi}Jonz wid de [ ov 
 a wakful enemi. From de tjm hwen de SpaniJ (Irmqda aproqt Britanz snoi 
 klifs, until «r on da, hwen sr flurijig egzistene iz an jsor tu everi foren tyrant, 
 IggliJ and Amerikan infl^ens haz bin egzerted in de defens and suport ov de 
 
YUNIVERSAL LATJGWaj. 
 
 bred prinsiplz ov hitman liberti. Trjal bj juri, a fre pres, an opn and strat- 
 ferward delig in el tigz, hav bekura so depli asojiated -wiA de karakter ov de 
 najon, dat un-lpglij haz bekum a sinouim far sinister and unf^r. Trco enuf 
 it iz dat on several oka3onz ber guvernnient haz swervd from its diiti az de 
 reprezentativ and gqrdian ov fredom; but de eksepjonz qr onli prof ov de rcol. 
 "S"t ov Amerika and Iggland, at de prezent moment, df^r iz hqrdli a fiat ov erfr 
 in dis wjd wurld hw^r ci man kan piiblikli spek hiz tets az biz fre wil listed. 
 Hwot feligz ov miggld Jam and tagkf nines duz suq a fakt enjender! Widst 
 fredom d^r kan be no wurdi development ov karakter. Forsfe vertyij iz n©' 
 v^rtyn, at el. Mer kompuljon and woqfialnes never mad a g^M a grat er giad 
 man, and da kan suksed az litl in makig a pepl a hapi and ytisful naJon. 3e 
 QJld hot) iz never al^d tu go ner de fjr, — 3t ov bcoz req de Jugar and mi)k q,r 
 elwaz kept, and, az a bee, iz konfjnd widin for welz, and gqrded lest hz Jud 
 fel intia hqrmz wa, — over boom fer and ignorans qr mad de qef instrtonients- ov 
 kontrol, ma kum fort tu de wnrld a presjs and selfij sitizen, but never a nobl, 
 self-denjig, and rajonal man. Befor sr vjsez kan bs eradikated, fe must bay 
 de oporti^niti tu aper, els dq^r egzistens remanz unnon, yet nim de les inrcoted 
 and danjenis. It iz Ijk helig a kiitauens erupjon b^ -gtward aplikajoaz, liwjq„ 
 in givig kumlines tu de eksterior, onli drjvz bak de dizez upon de internai and 
 vjtal erganz. 3e sistem ov despotik rojlerjip and its mvzerabi rezults, az 
 egzemplifjd in de prjvasi ov Ijf, iz a peiiekt ilustrajon ov its karakter in da 
 mor ekstended sfer ov de guvernments ov najonz. Ljk de kompold and bljnd 
 obediens ov de qjld, iz de alejans tenderd tu despots. 3s le?aTti ov an Italyam 
 er a Frenqman must ov nesesiti be suspijus, and dat ov de Rojaii a raokeri 
 and a fqrs ; but de ataqment ov de Amerikan er de Igglijman tu hiz guvern- 
 ment haz a wurD and a menig, bekez it iz de fre o.fei-ii) ov hiz kombjndl 
 interest and afekjon. 
 
 We q,r not fond ov Kwiksotik entei-prjzez srselvz, and q,r az litl inkljnd tui 
 preskrjb dem tu sr frendz and naborz, but it duz sem tu us dat if Agglo- 
 Saksonz hav a mi/on, a purpus, and an end tu fulfil on erfi, wun ov de ferst 
 di^tiz ov dq^r egzistens iz de establijment ov fre and popyt^lar guvernments el 
 over de wurld. Not, be it rememberd, bj stepig intu Frans> (evn wer da abl,) 
 er eni uder land, and komandig de instititjon ov suq and suq a guvernmental 
 erganizajon. Fqr uderwjz. Fredom, Ijk frcDt, rekwjra t^m and sunjjn fer its 
 perfekt development ; and gasljt wil az soon rjpn de wnn, az eksternal fors and 
 fizikal efort de uder. "i H-&- den iz de Agglo-Sakson inflqens tu be egzerted. 
 Simpli hi moral menz. Muq az moral fors iz tekt ov ns-a-daz d^r q,r hi kco 
 ferm a trco konsepjon ov its inflqens and pb'ei*, and boo repoz sufijent fat in de 
 elokwens and grandi^r ov a gud egzampl. Gres and Rom had past awa fer 
 tflD tszand yerz, yet de heroizm ov dq^r grat men, az rekerded in dj^r gloig 
 literatq,r, animated and eksjted de mooverz in de f§rst Frenq RevoJiiJan tu a 
 piq ov de wjldest entiiziazm. If de log-lapst past haz dus ministerd so IqrjU 
 tu de felig ov de prezent, h's muq mor ma not de wjz, dekoras, and i3ros|)erus 
 lejislajon ov de Agglo-Sakson najonz eksjt tu imitativ emyn,laJon amugst dq,r 
 naborz. And be it remqrkt, de tjd ov inkres in Agglo-Saksondom iz fq,r from 
 beig at its flud: it iz rjzig hjer and hjer da bj da, distansig, bj fqr, el rjvalz. 
 
as YtLNIVERSAL LATsTGWaj.— S HWie WIL IT BS. 9 
 
 Meni a vug man hco redz dez pajez wil yet sc dc ras tu hwicj he bclogz diibld 
 in numberz, liwilst uder najonz, Ijk Frans, wil not hav aded an adij'onal fort 
 tu ^nr popyiilajo"- ^t grat del iz ment bi dis dublig ov Agglo-Saksondom. 
 K& adijon ov anuder Iggland and Yiinjted Stats tu de kigdomz ov de erfi wil, 
 ov a Jui'ti, form no bhigk era in de wurklz histori. 4 Ov hwot qr we prwd. 
 SUpon hwot dcD we gaz wid suq suprem satisfakjon. Upon enlitnd Kristianiti, 
 a fre pros, mijonz, cdyiikaj'on, ralwaz, qep postaj, stembots, and everi sjentifik 
 improDvment. Abstrakt de Agglo-Saksonz from hiimaniti, and 'ihw^r q,r dez 
 tigz. Eko anserz, 'iHwqr. Yes, it iz a fakt hwiq it wud be afektajon tu 
 konsel, dat de hjest and best ov de wurldz mental sunjjn felz trco de medium 
 ov Amerikan and IggUJ solz. 
 
 38 YUNIVERSAL LAUGWa J— S HWW WIL IT BS. 
 
 Q belef in de filtynr prevalens ov a yxiniversal laggwaj, aperz tu meni pepl 
 az a vi3onari idea. 3[at a yn,niversal laggwaj iz gratli tu be dezjrd, el freli 
 admit; dat it wud foster frendli feligz amug najonz, temper dsn &ny preju- 
 disez, and root st animositiz, iz self-apj^rent; dat it wud beatended wid inkal- 
 kii,labl advantajez in everi department ov Ijf, — in komers, literatiir and relij- 
 on, — el tetful men wil at wuns persev; but de jeneral opinyon iz, dat Ijk 
 meni uder blesed tigz tu be enjerd in " de gud tjm kumig," it must be log and 
 pajentli wated fer; dat in de mentim nutig kan be dun tu hasn its aproq ; 
 and dat it iz litl beter dan a wast ov wurdz tu spekyi^lat on ds subjekt. We 
 disent from dis konklii3on, and wil brefli stat de gr^-ndz ov sr belef in de 
 akomplijment ov dis jerus antisipajon. 
 
 3!q,r hav bin several teoriz and gesez az tu de laggwaj most Ijkli tu bekum 
 yiiniv«rsal. De Kwinsi, for instans, haz predikted dat Si^aniJ and IngliJ wil 
 yet divjd de ert. Uderz hav pron^-nst similar jujments upon Frenq and Jer- 
 man, but apq,rentli from no watier rezonz dan a personal admirajon ov de 
 kwolitiz ov doz tugz, and dq,r supozd adaptajon tu de purpusez ov najonal in- 
 terkors. It iz evident dat it wud be yi^sles for eni individyn,al, sosieti, ev 
 guvernment, hsever p^erful, tu selekt sum wun laggwaj, hweder livig er ded, 
 hsever ekselent it mjt be, and advokat its adopjon bj el najonz az a komon, 
 medium ov interkors. Not dus wil dis magnifisent end be realjzd. Lejis- 
 lajon on suqa mater wud be az fatal and impotent az dekrez abst relijon and 
 ilrtiklz ov fat. Tu tjui and de komon vers ov mankjnd, must el suq deter 
 minajonz be left. 
 
 It ma not be eltugeder a profitles task tu defjn de kondijonz upon hwiq a 
 laggwaj kan posibli gan yn,niversaliti; and, givn dez kondijonz, sum sert ov 
 konkliigon ma be arjvd at; az tu de tug in hwiq el men ma yet spek. 
 
 1. tie laggwaj hwiq iz tu wurk its wa tu yiyiiversaliti, must hav, az a 
 primari rekwizit, a lq,rj popyi^lajon basis. 
 
 2. Tu dis nij^merikal eksten Jon must be aded enerji in everi faz ovkarakter, 
 enterpriz and persistens in everi depcirtment ov Ijf. Q listles ras, hsever nii- 
 merus, er h^ever refjud in manerz, kud never suksed in impozig d^r laggwaj 
 upon uder pepl. If Sanskrit and Gjncz wer az y^fonius and ekspresiv az 
 
10 YliNIVERSAL LAWGWaj. 
 
 Grek, da \vud never ekstend dqr sfer ov infliiens fq^ beyond de welz ov de 
 yiiniversitiz. SEe pser tia fors a laggwaj intu yn,niversaliti, kan be eksersjzd 
 onli bj a pepl Ikdz infliiens iz felt in everi afq,r ov dali Ijf ; de konstant prez- 
 eus ov licDz mjnd, in everi transakjon, wil nesesitat de akwjrment ov an ezi 
 medium ov komiinikajon wid dem. 
 
 3. a!e yiiniversal laggwaj must, neverdeles, pozes kopiusnes, and a Iqrj ka- 
 pasiti ov abserpjon, wid a fleksibiliti ov struktyq,r hwiq wil redili admit ov in- 
 kres and grot bj de asimilajon ov de best pqrts, de most ekspresiv wurdz and 
 idiomz, ov de laggwajez it ma si^persed. 
 
 4. 3e laggwaj dat iz tubekum yi^niversal must be wel kultivated, rig in liter- 
 atiir, kontanig everi degre ov stil, from de most simpl tu de most ernat. In 
 Jert, a yi^niversal laggwaj must be end^-d wid a turoli kozmopolitan karakter, 
 so az tu akomodat itself tu everi Jad ov intelijens and afekjon ov liwiq de 
 yq,niversal mjnd iz kompozd. 
 
 5. It must hav a fonetik reprezentajon, and dat for 'too wati rezonz. In 
 fte ferst plas, a laggwaj not fonetikali reprezented, wud soon ses tu be wun 
 and indivizibl; pronuusiajon wud go astra, and sooner er later de laggwaj wud 
 be divjded and lost in a medli ov djalekts. Wid a fonetik reprezentajon, 
 pronunsiajon wud bekum fikst, and dus yunifermiti wud be prezervd. In de 
 sekond plas, a fonetik reprezentajon wud be nesesari az a menz ov makig de 
 ol-impertant q,rt ov redig ezi ov akwizijon. 3e wurld kan never be keld up- 
 on tu wad tro) suq an ertografik kwogmjr az de IggliJ laggwaj, in its prezent 
 ertografi, prezents. 
 
 Brigig de laggwajez ov antikwiti tu de abuv tests, it iz at wuns sen dat dqr 
 revjval iz an imposibiliti. Brigig de laggwajez ov tu-da, and mesurig dem bj 
 dis standard, we fjnd sum Iqrjli end-sd wid wun er toD ov de rekwizit kwolitiz, 
 but defijent in uderz. 3!us, de Italyau iz a b^tiful laggwaj, — a kombinajon 
 ov miizik and poetri; but d^r itsynsez ma be sed tu end. It iz unfit fer kom- 
 ers, it laks de popyn,laJon basis, and de pepl q,r destitvit ov de enerji dat kud 
 fors it intu wjder serkiilajon. Its da ov glori iz past. Jerman iz admirabli 
 adapted fer presjs and metafizikal eksprejon, but it iz wontig in elmost everi 
 uder kwoliti. Tro), it iz nerli fonetik and iz wjdli spokn, but it iz lost in di- 
 versiti ov dialekt, and ^t ov its on teritori iz seldom herd ov. It haz mad 
 no konkwests, and iz not Ijkli tu mak eni. Frenq iz unmaqt az a medium 
 ov konversajon and pol jt interkors, but de hjer yn,sez ov konversajon it kan not 
 fulfil. Seridau did not gratli er bwen lie sed dat de Frenq had " emaski},lated 
 dq^r laggwaj, and mad it rezembl wun ov d^r panted kortezanz, adernd wid 
 friperiz and fololz." 8vn Voltq,r felt it tu be an imperfekt vehikl ov tet in 
 de hjer weks ov poetri; and eni wun hco haz mad it hiz studi must be awq^r 
 ov its inadekwatnes fer de embodiment ov de sorig tots ov a Milton, er de 
 ponderus kojitajonz ov a Jonson. Ov SpaniJ litl kan be sed, felig Jert az it 
 duz, in elmost everi partikyi^lar hwiq kan enji^r yuniversaliti. It wuns had 
 fq,r prospekts ov a Avjd dominyon but dez hav bin bljted. "JTt ov Span itself, 
 de laggwaj ma be sed tu egzist merli on tolerajon. In dis kuntri it haz lost 
 its piiriti bj intermikstyn,r wid de Indian; and evn at horn, Porti^gez, hwiq iz 
 
as YUNIVERSAL LATJGWaj.— SHWie WIL IT BS. 11 
 
 veri difevent, ^^rz de peninsula wid it. SpaniJ kan not, d^rfor, be de yiinitari 
 laggwaj ov mankind. 
 
 after de Italyan, de Jerman, de Frenq, and SpaniJ, last and gratest kumz de 
 IggliJ laggwaj tu klam sr konsiderajon az tu its kapasiti ov fult'ilig de el-im- 
 pertant of is ov yuniversal spcq. Tijig it bj -sr f^v tests, dc rczult, in ol but 
 wun partikyn,lar, iz lijli favorabl tui it. It baz a Iqrj pojiynlajon basis, bwiq 
 yer bj yer, iz wjdnig tu a mq,rvelus ekstent, and bj fqr ststripig el rivalz. 
 Spokn bj 60,000,000 in 1853, bj mer hereditari transmijon, it wil, in el prob- 
 abiliti, be yii,zd bj 150,000,000 in 1953. But dis iz onli de komensment ov 
 its trjumfs. Its fialfilment ov de rekwjvments ov tost Num. 2, iz evn mor 
 strikig. Everi wun noz dat de siaekerz ov IggliJ q,r not slepei"^, ner dwelerz 
 at hom; and dat kwietn,d, indolens, and non-agrejon qr not de ledig trats in 
 d^r karakter. Everi rejon ov de wurld noz dem; upon everi land dqr vigorus 
 of-Jcots qr planted; and dq^r iz nonajon hwiq duz not, tu sum ekstent, fel d^r 
 inflnens. 3^r Jips fil el hqrborz; dj^r komers sweps el sez; and d^r mauvii,- 
 faktynrz, and de gratifikajon ov dt^r wonts, giv emplament and rckompens tu 
 niilyonz. Amug de multitudz ov Hindoostan, de IggliJ laggwaj iz makig slo 
 and Jqr inrodz, and in tjm, troo de inkrest atenjon, bot de komerjal and filan- 
 firopik, hwiq dat stranj land wil sertenli absorb, de laggwaj wil obtan a wjd and 
 koraon kurensi. Hwen a ferm futig iz gand dq^r, a trcoli important Qjiatik 
 basis ov operajon and ekstenjon Avil be akwjrd, de ful inflqens ov hwiq we kan 
 not prezi^m tu atemt tu demonstrat. 
 
 It ma elmost be sed dat Amerika and Briten hold de destiniz ov Afrika 
 and de negro ras in d^r pser. 3!e BritiJ havig establijt demselvz at de Kap, 
 ferm a senter from hwiq, in fiityn,r daz, it iz probabl meui benefijal infli^ensez 
 wil radiat over de kontinent. Agen, in de Yipited Stats, d^r q,r upwardz ov 
 Bre milyonz ov Afrikanz, hoo, eldo under subjekjon tu a hqrd and biter 
 bondaj, q,r yet in a beter pozijon dan da wud be, wer da under de savaj rol 
 ov pagan kigz in d^r on benjted land. 3!is vast and inkresig bodi ov Afrikanz, 
 koggrcgated widin de Amerikan Yi^nyon, hav hevi klamz upon d^r pozesorz, 
 hco we trust wil soon awak tu a troo jdea ov de responsibiliti hwiq apertanz tu 
 dem in de guvernment and kontrol ov tre milyonz ov dez pepl. We hav de 
 direktig ov de strem ov edyqkated and emansipated blaks tu Ljberia, upon de 
 Afrikan kost, and dus fsndig a negro koloni. We hav dus instituted an erder 
 ov tigz hwiq wil giv de IggliJ laggwaj and fredom, a natyiiral futig in Afrika, 
 and hav provided menz b^ hwiq de blesigz ov Kristianiti, ov edyi^kajon, and 
 ov komers, ma be mor rapidli and advantajusli konvad tu remot and inland 
 trjbz. 3e negro ras haz obtand a setlment in dis kuntri hwiq it iz veri evident 
 wil be permanent, and sconer or later ultimat itself in a najonaliti, levnd wid 
 de Amerikan spirit, laggwaj, and lez. Her, den, we se in kler perspektiv, wun 
 ov doz blesigz hwiq, under Providens, de wurld and de Gurq wil o tu de wjd- 
 spred and enerjetik Agglo-Saksonz. 
 
 3e konfq^on in hwiq «1 de spekerz ov de kontinental tugz q,r iuvolvd, 
 egurz il fer de grater ekspanjon ov d^r laggwajez. c[e orijin ovde turmerl and 
 perpetyn,al unkwjet ov dez Yqropean komiyntiz, Ijz deper dan mer eksternal 
 politikal events. Se disperjon ov de l^rij, we hav ofn tet, iz perhaps a presaj 
 
12 YUNIVERSAL LAUGWaj. 
 
 ov de ijn ov dez ekstensiv disturbansez. SLe sani kezez hwiq orijinated de 
 irij eksodus, qr at wurk wid ^sr kontinental naborz. It wud be prezumjon 
 in us pozitivii tu anzjns a presjsii similar rezult; butdc paralelz q,r so mq,rk- 
 edli vizibl, and pmit so definitli tu a Ijk konklqgon, dat we hav tiniidli vent- 
 ynvd tu rclierd de konjekty^r. In de pursi^t ov ^t civgiimeut, we wud ataq 
 no wat tu it, but simpli remq,iiv. dat Jud disperjon er intermikstyiir be de lot 
 ov de kontinental rasez, dqr laggwajez must nesesarili undergo important c;anj- 
 ez, levig tu de IggliJ an undivided supremasi. 
 
 Kumig tu de terd kwolifikajon, — kapabiliti ov abserpjon, and fleksibiliti ov 
 struktyiy, — it Avil be redili admited dat in dez partikyi^larz de IggliJ laggwaj 
 standz unrjvald. It haz bin az witili az trootfuli sed, dat it iz "de tro) plum- 
 pudig laggwaj," beig kompozd ov de riqest varjetiz gaderd from el sorsez. 
 Tu its simpl, ferm and ekspresiv Sakson basis, it adz de qo-sest merselz gaderd 
 from de Keltik, Grek, Latin, Nerman, Jerman, and Freuq tugz. ll\q az it iz, 
 it iz stil inkresig bj kontinyi^d abseri^Jon and frej kernaj. Let eni wun kom- 
 p^r de Pilgrimz Progres, er de etorizd verjon ov de Bjbl, (eksekiited tO) hun- 
 dred and fit'ti yerz ago, bj de most eri^dit men den livig,) wid de buks ov de 
 prezent da, and be wil obzerv de pesiti ov de anjent IggliJ vokabynlari. Its 
 grot wil evidentli be sen tu hav bin bot vigorus and abundant. Q[e influks, 
 morover, iz unabated; and de freer komers dat iz sprigig up betwen el najonz 
 and de Agglo-Sakson ras, must inevitabli prodn,s evu grater akwizijon tu d^r 
 welt ov wurdz, and ends d^r laggwaj wid a beter kapasititi ov akomodajou 
 tu de wonts and idiosinkrasiz ov de yuniversal mjnd. 
 
 In de fulfilment ov de kondijonz ov test Num. 4, de IggliJ laggwaj ma be 
 sed tu derjv its hjest glori. SEe literatiirz ov uder laggwajez ma hav individ- 
 yual pozejonz ov hjer ekselens, but nun embodiig siig a tregi^r ov yiiniversal 
 jenyus. 'i Dcd yoo rekwjr hj poetri, and dramatik p^er, — we refer yco tu Mil- 
 ton and Xaksper. "i Deo yco ask fer de kenest wit, and de drolest yqmor, — 
 y© hav Swift, Pop, Adison, Goldsmit, Seridan, and k^ntles uderz. IDcq vcd 
 dezjr ekselens in fikjon, and grasful and imajinativ romans, — in Skot, Bul- 
 wer, Dikenz, and a hoi literari lejon, yoo hav el yo) kan wij fer. Nam but de 
 wek ov Literatx^r in hwiq yoo dezjr tu behold de best and most bi^tiful devel- 
 opments ov tet, and we wil giv ycD sum Agglo-Sakson nam. 3e most v§rsa- 
 til ranj ov ipjndz hav isnd in de IggliJ tug and its resorsez, a satisfaktori 
 medium fer de transmijon ov djir jdeaz. Qius de kultivajon ov de laggwaj haz 
 not bin wun-sjded, but haz met wid refjument and imprcDvment in de ekspre- 
 Jon ov everi faz ov tet. From dis we se hs p^rfektli de IggliJ laggwaj mets dc 
 nesesiti ov a yunitari tug in its kozmopolitan karakter. In its Iqrj and inkres- 
 ig popyqla Jon basis, — in de adventyqrus and enerjetik karakter ov doz em- 
 plerig ds laggwaj, — in its welt ov eksprejon and apropriativ abiliti, and in its 
 laboriusli kultyqrd literatiir, we ma in sum mes^r persev hs de Agglo-Sak- 
 son speq must, da bj da, from Jer nesesiti, bekum wjdli, and at last, we hop, 
 yH,niversali, difi[zd. In de olden tjmz ov mer buk leruig, and ov retald tet, 
 Latin woz mad de yuniversal medium ov komquikajon amug de lerned, and 
 amug el hco aspjrd tu be on a pqr wid de best pq,rts ov de wurld, and konver- 
 sant wid its dcoigz: but in dez yug and freJ tjmz ov akjon, — ov ralwaz, stem- 
 
YtLNIVERSAL LATJGWaj.— FORENERZ AND 38 ITJGLIS TUJiT. 13 
 
 bots, qep postaj, and fre and unrestrand najonal komiinikajon, de livig IggliJ 
 tup, — de speq ov de pqm mcoverz in ol dcz progresiv and hq,manjzig inflq- 
 ensez — must scon bekum a yn,niversal desideratum; ferif Latin woz indispens- 
 abl tu de wiz and ynsful men ov de past, a tszand tjmz mor so wil an in- 
 timat akwantans wid IijgliJ be tu de w^z and ynsfial men ov de fiitynr. If de 
 60,000,000 ov Agglo-Saksonz ny livig, qr de qef kezez i> ^ suporterz ov de 
 benefisent sistemz tu hwiq we hav aliided, hwot wil be dat iiifliiens and its re- 
 zults, bwen de siksti milyonz hav bin dubld, trebld, er perhaps kwodroopld. 
 3.e anser sr rederz wil redili suplj. 
 
 Kumir) den tu test Num. 5, sr egzilerated hops met wid grat dtprejon; 
 fer, in troot, it must be sed dat de IggliJ lapgvvaj felz fctr behjnd Jerman, Span- 
 ij, Italyan, and evn Freng, az regqrdz its erfiografik reprezentajon. In dez 
 kontinental tupz, tu a grat ekstent, preval erdcr and hqrmoni in dis respekt: 
 but in IggliJ dj^r egzists de djrest konfiigon, 'i Iz it not enuf tu mak de blud flj 
 tu an Igglijmanz qek, hwen he iz told dat no man kan tel hs tu spel eni IggliJ 
 wurd dat he herz spokn, but haz never sen ritn; ner hs^ tu pronsns eni wurd 
 hwiq he sez ritn, but haz never herd spokn. 
 
 UNIVERSAL LAWGWaj.— FORENERZ AND 38 ITJGLIS TUIJ. 
 
 Eoz filosoferz hot) red de fiit^nir in de pCLst, and hoo sek a sohijon ov d^r po- 
 litikal dsts in histori, ma tel us dat az dq,r never woz a yi^niversal laggwaj (ek- 
 sept in 8den,) dq,r never wil be wun. Sis objekjon wud be veri lojikal wer de 
 ft[,tyn,r onli a reprodukjon ov de past: but dis iz not de kas. "Wun ov de teo- 
 rists ov dis klos haz veri vividli bret h:z jdeaz befor us in depiktig a Ni^ Ze- 
 lander, sum t-szaud yerz hens, standig upon de rcninz ov Lundon Brij, and mor- 
 aljzig upon de gloriz ov a dezerted siti. 3.G fansi iz trcDli strjkig, and wud kez 
 sum degre ov tetfulues and melankoli, did we not remember, dat efekts kan onli 
 be de sam hwen de kezez dat i^rodus dem di» not v^ri. N^-, it mustbe evident 
 tu de si^perfijal obzerver, dat de kezez hwig razd Nineve and Babilon tu mag- 
 nifisenS and splendor; and de kezez hwiq, in de end, rediist dem tu a dezert; qr, 
 in meni respekts, diferent from doz operatig upon de sivilizajon ov tu-da. Se 
 ijnz ov dez kezez kan not d^rfor be de sam. Ks muq hav we dat de Kaldeanz 
 and Perjanz, de Sjij^Janz, de Greks, and de Eomanz, had not ! Hs v^rid iz 
 sr everi serkumstans from dq,rz ! In de ferst plas, we hav de luvig and kouser- 
 vativ infliiens ov de Kristyan fat, hwiq alon ^vud Qtoj de destini ov eni pepl. 
 Subsidiari tu dis hevnli fat, we hav a tiszand mjnor ajensiz, eg aqevig its on 
 serkl ov blesed rezults in refjnig and elevatig de man ov de prezent. Ee egzis- 
 tens ov de printig pres, and de stem enjin in its vq^rius komplikajonz, wud, ov 
 demselvz, felsifj de predikjonz ov doz hob wud atemt tu solv de ijij, ov de 
 present bj de histori ov de past. Histori kan aford no ilustrajon ov de rezults 
 ov Protestantizm and Yiiropean demokrasi. Valyqabl az qr de teqigz ov de 
 historik Mqz, Je iz not de mistres ov el trcot; and upon de fiitynr Je kan onli 
 tro a pqrjal Ijt. 
 
 We premjz dez remqrks in erder tu vindikdt •sr qrgynment fer de establijment 
 ova yuniversal laggwaj from a seriez ov objekjonz hwiq ma be f Tended upon in- 
 
14 YUNIVERSAL LATJGWffJ. 
 
 sufijeiit historik analoji. It ma elso be objekted, dat lapgwajcz qr most perti- 
 najiisli adherd tu bj dq,i- spekerz ; and qr, ov el kustomz, de most difikiilt ov 
 suprejon. Veri troo ; but difikiilti iz not imposibiliti. Meni laggwajez hav 
 disaperd, and hoi nafonz, troo tjm, adopted tugz foren tu dcm. Hebrm perijt 
 from dali yns bj de disperjon ov de Jqz over el landz, and dc Latin sest tu eg- 
 zist for doraestik and komerjal purpusez bj de influks ov de nerdern stranjerz 
 nesesitatig its disyns, bekoz its spekerz wer, fer a t^m, ovcrliwelmd bj superior 
 nnmberz. Be it noted dat el de kezez h\viq yunjted tu drjv dez laggwajez at 
 ov beig, q,r, in a nior diversifjd karakter, aktig wid az grat fore upon meni ra- 
 sez ov mankjnd tu-da ; and de rezult wil be de sam. 
 
 We bav sen h^- it iz dat de IggHJ, bj fizikal pser in wan kwerter ov de glob 
 and bj intelektynal, komerjal, and numerikal pser in udarz, iz forsig itself 
 intu yiiniversaliti. We hav sen h^- b^ its varid ekselensiz, it adapts itself tu el 
 mjndz, and iz ov a kozmopolitan karakter. 3!q^r iz but M'un drobak tu its ka- 
 pabiliti ov perfermig de f ugkjonz ov de yn,niversal medium ov mental eksqanj, 
 and dat iz its iregynlar and leles ertografik reprezentajon. Hs dis malformajon 
 opei-ats in preventig its mor rapid ekstenjon amugst forenerz, let us brefli stat. 
 
 3[e pozijon ov de Yqnjted Stats and Iggland, az de tco most p-serful and in- 
 fliienjal najonz in de wurld, renderz de akwjrment ov d^r laggwaj a mater ov 
 nesesiti tu everi intelijeut aild wel-edynkated forener. Si|,peraded tu de mate- 
 rial konsiderajonz hwiq urj forward dis liggwal akomplijment, iz de indqs- 
 ment aforded bj de pregnant literati},r hwiq d^r tug embodiz. Wer de Agglo- 
 Saksonz az poor aird wek a jaepl in komparison wid uder najonz, az da q,r riq 
 and sti-og, dq,r literatur wud stil komaud fer dem grat atenjon ; de kultivated 
 and lerned ■wud stil sek tu master its difikultiz, so dat da mjt refrej and adem 
 d^r mjndz bj fre and opn komiyiyon wid de gifted wunz hto hav d^rin em- 
 bqmd d%r prejus tets. Az -we hav Jon, de IggliJ laggwaj pozesez a yi^niversal 
 ekselens, and iz bekumig, everi da, mor and mor indispensibli rekwizit tu de 
 stiidents and merqants ov el landz. H^ impertant, den, it iz dat everi difikul- 
 ti hwiq intervenz betwen it and de forener Jud be remcovd ! 3!e IggliJ gramar 
 iz abst de simplest in egzistens, and de order ov its aranjment beig ov de most 
 natynral deskripjon, de akw^nnent ov de laggwaj iz a mater ov smel difikulti. 
 But sad tu sa, dez advantajez qr elmost nqtraljzd bj de ertografi in liwicj its 
 wurdz qr klodd. Hwen it iz konsiderd dat an IggliJ QJld spendz de beter hqf 
 ov its tjm at skcol in renderig itself familyar wid de ertografik reprezentajon 
 ov its muder tug, sum jdea ma be fermd ov dg magnitq,d ov de labor hwiq de 
 pcor forener must nedz enk^nter in lernig bot de wurdz ov T>r laggwaj, and d^r 
 kaprijus speligz. Hwen it iz konsiderd dat no Igglijman kan tel wid sertenti 
 hs tu pronsns eni vnxrd hwiq he haz sen ritn, and not herd spokn, and dat 
 he kan not tel h^ tu pron^ns a ward hwiq he haz herd spokn and never sen ritn, it 
 wil be no mater ov wunder dat amiigst Jermanz and Frenqmen, -sr laggwaj iz so 
 pqrjali difi^zd. 3!at so meni ov dem kontend wid its difikultiz, until da kum intu 
 fre and ezi interkors wid IggliJ literatqr, iz an onor and a kredit tu dqr perseverans. 
 
 But we ask not dat dez aserjonz Jud be takn az demonstrated fakts, on -sr 
 on etoriti alon. Tu prov dem \nad be an ezi task, but wud rekwjr konsider- 
 abl spas. Let de foloig impqrjal testimoni from an intelijent forener be d^li 
 
FORENERZ AND 38 IWGLIS TUM. 15 
 
 wad, and ol dat we dezjr wil be konscded bj de reder. " 61do dc Frenc; lag- 
 gw^aj," obzervz dat cminont J^raian filolojist Profesor Grim, "haz for scntiiriz 
 bin de komon laggwaj ov Yn,rop in a diplomatik and sojal sens, yet it haz 
 never obtand ferm fiatig in lq,rj trakts ov kuntri beyond Yiirop ; for Frans woz 
 not muQ mor enterprjzig dan Itali, in kolonizajon. On de uder hand, IggliJ 
 ma be konsiderd az de laggwaj ov de wurld ist ov Yi^rop, and dis idiom, hwiq 
 ( bj a bold mikstyiir ov Gotik and Koman elements, and bi a fii^on ov A^r 
 gramatikal formz, hwiq dis renderd nesesari,) haz atand an inkomparabl degre 
 ov fliiensi, aperz destind bj natyiy, mor dan eni udcr dat egzists, tu bekum de 
 wurldz laggwaj. Did not a hwimzikal, antikwated ertografi stand in de -wa, de 
 yuniversaliti ov dis laggwaj ^vyld be stil mor evident, and we udcv Yiiropeanz 
 ma estem -srselvz fertyq^nat dat de IggliJ naj'on haz not yet mad dis diskuvcri." 
 Butde diskuveri haz bin mad, and n-s at legt de evl wil sloli, but Jttrli, be remc&vd. 
 
 From dez kousiderajonz, it ma in sum mcgynr be aparent, dat it iz absoli|,tli 
 nesesari tu. de ekstenjon ov IggliJ tu eni tig Ijk yuniversaliti, dat it Jud hav a 
 fonetik reprezentajon. Wer its bizqr ertografi korekted, its difi^gon over Yii- 
 ropeau sosjeti, wud be inkalkn,labli inlcrest. Fij, tigz, morover, qr so dezirabl 
 az unrestrand komii,nikaJon betwen de kontinental najonz, and Amerikan and 
 IggliJ literatur and tot. Drivn and tost abst bj vag sojal teoriz, and disturbd 
 and agonjzd bj wjld liberti dremz, de diseminajon ov de kq,m and kol rajonal- 
 iti, and de komon sens bj hwiq Agglo-Sakson tet iz karakterjzd, kud not be 
 uderwjz dan atended wid heltful rezults in even wa. l$r kuntri iz de berfi- 
 plas and hom ov fredom ; and de ekstenjon ov sr literatn,r wil giv a kwjetus 
 tutirani trcost de wurld, and dat widst destro-ig wun despotizm bj anuder. 
 
 3!ez kursori reflekjonz mak manifest de bred and kozmopolitan karakter ov 
 de Fonetik Eeferm. It iz a kez in hwiq de hoi wurld haz a direkt interest, 
 and kelz for de suport, and best eforts ov everi troo luver ov hi^maniti. 
 
 No wun hot) taks intu konsiderajon de fakts her adi^st, kan dst de absol^t 
 nesesiti dq^r iz for a fonetik rejirezentajon ov ^r laggwaj. Forenerz rekwjr it, 
 and must hav it. a!e wont iz groig ta> urjent, tu be muq logger denjd. It kan 
 not be ekspekted dat de t^zandz hcom komers and literatiir kompel tu akwjr 
 IggliJ, in adijon tu d^r muder tug, wil labor trob de strat gat ov its absurd and 
 q,rbitrari ertografi. We wil not her debat hweder er not fonetik spelig destrerz 
 etimoloji, er repel uder similar kimerikal objekjonz ; neder wil we urj its hj 
 klamz tu atenjon on de grsnd ov its grat hom yi^sfulnes in de wurk ov edyi^- 
 kajon. 3!ez topiks we rezerv for anuder tjm. 01 we her demand iz dat fonet- 
 ik spelig be rekognjzd az a konstitq,Jonal ferm under hwiq it wil be advjzabl, 
 on everi konsevabl ak-jjnt, tu prezent sr ritn laggwaj tu forenerz, hweder sivil- 
 jzd er unsiviljzd, Kristyan er pagan ; hweder az a menz ov introdiisig de en- 
 Ijtnd Frenchman er Jerman tu de jenius ov Xaksper ; er de Hindob, de Negro, de 
 Hotentot tu de teqigz ov Kristianiti. Sooner er later, Amerikanz wil hav tu 
 mak up d^r mjndz tu establij, bj sug menz, a bred hjwa tu de riqez ov dq,r lit- 
 eratiy. Fre-trad in kern, and elmost everi uder komoditi, haz bin diskuverd 
 tu be a polisi at wuns jenerus and benefijal ; and hs muq mor ma gud rezults 
 be lukt fer wid fre-trad in speq and tet ! ECe jenius ov de aj demandz fonetik 
 spelig fer dis purpus, and it kan not mug logger be widheld. 
 
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