R 
 
 nr THR 
 
 t »' 
 
 tliuuetsilu of Califarnia. 
 
 Division 
 
 Range ^^l//\^ 
 
 Shelf sJJ^ 
 
 Beceived %y^-c£ /^ i 87^ . 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 
 in 2007 with fundTng-from 
 
 IVIicrosoft Corporation 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/essayesofprentisOOjamerich 
 
JAMES VI OF Scotland, I of England. 
 
 the ^Mnz Jlrt oi ^ozbxz. 
 
 Edinburgh. 1585. 
 London. 1604. 
 
 CAREFULLY EDITED BY 
 
 KDUARD ARBER. 
 
 Affociate, King's College, London, F.R.G.S., &>€. 
 
 LONDON: 
 5 QUKEN SQL'ARK. HIOOM 
 
 Ent. Stat. HaU.\ I O December, 1 869. [All Rights re/erved. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Introduction 
 Bibliography 
 
 THE ESSA YES OF A PRENTISE, IN THE DIVINE 
 
 ARTE OF POESIE. 
 (i.) The Catalogue of the works herein contained . 8 
 
 (2.) Recommendatory Sonnets . . . .9-12 
 
 (3.) Original Poems by James VI. 
 Twelve Sonnets. Ifwocations to the Gods . . 13-1S 
 
 A Tragedy — Phanix . . . 40-50, 79-80 
 
 Two Sonnets — (i.) To the Reader. (2.) Decipher- 
 ing t/uper/etfl Poet 
 A (hort Poem — 0/ Time . 
 A Sonnet .... 
 
 (4.) Translations by James VI. 
 The Uranie from Du Bartas 
 Out of the Poet Ltuan 
 The CIIII Psalm, out of Tremellitis 
 (5. ) A (hort Treatife, containing fome Rules and Cautels 
 to be obfer\'ed and efchewed in Scottifh Poefy . 
 
 56 
 73 
 78 
 
 73-39 
 51-52 
 70-72 
 
 53-69 
 (6.) A Table of fome obfcure words with their fignifications 75-77 
 
 On the Introduction and Early Use of Tobacco 
 
 in England . . . 81-94, 1 13-120 
 
 A COUNTERBLASI TO TOBACCO. 
 (I.) To the Reader ..... 96-98 
 
 (2.) A Counterblast TO Tobacco . . .99-112 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 PH. 
 
 Iterature is a Republic that admits of no /\ (^ 
 authority but that of Learning, Genius, ip . 
 and Perfuafion. The Writer — whether ''^^ 
 King, Peer, or Commoner — is judged ^^ a 
 with one judgment. Curiofity, Rever- r^'^ 
 ence, or Loyalty may procure for a Work an attentive 
 reception and fome prefent applaufe : but its perpetu- 
 ation, its place in the Literature of the country, will de- 
 pend upon either its intrinfic merits, or on its illustrative 
 power in refpe6l to the age in which it was written. 
 
 On thefe latter grounds, the Royal produdlions here 
 reprinted have been admitted into the Series. 
 
 The Reulis and Catitelis in Scottis Poefie bring James 
 VI. within the fucceffion of our early Poetical Critics; 
 whofe writings^not very numerous, but now exceffive- 
 ly fcarce — are of great value in the lludy of Englifli 
 Poetry. For — not to fpeak of their often preferving 
 fnatches of poems now utterly lofl — they fliow us the 
 theories of verfification, the canons of Poetic talle 
 and flyle, prevailing in our country, immediately 
 before the advent of Spenfer, Shakefpeare, and their 
 fertile contemporaries. Thefe Avritings were reprinted 
 by Mr. Haflewood in his Ancient Critical Effays, 2 
 vols. 4to„ 1811-16: a Reprint, of which only 300 
 copies were printed, (and a portion of that number 
 deflroyed by fire), which is now fcarce ; and which, 
 when met with, ufually cofls two or three pounds. 
 The original texts being fo rare; Mr. Haflewood's 
 Reprint was, until lately, the only means whereby 
 mofl of us could obtain a knowledge of this important 
 department of our National literature. 
 
 In purfuance, therefore, of what feemed an impera- 
 tive duty : thefe Criticifms in Poefy are being gradu- 
 ally reproduced in this Series. To the four now pub- 
 lifhed — Gascoigne, Sidney, James VI., and Putten- 
 ham; we purpofe adding in 1870, W. Webbe's DiJ- 
 courfe (of which only two copies remain) : and the five 
 productions, forming two-thirds of Mr. Haflewood's 
 Reprint — including alfo with them four others of 
 
4 Introduilion. 
 
 a differing characfler — will be obtainable for 5^. 6^., 
 and be on unlimited fale. It is to be hoped that this 
 advantageous facility of knowledge, may allure many 
 to a more thorough delight in Elizabethan poetry: and 
 that by a combined lludy of thefe Principles of Poefy 
 with the Poems themfelves, many may attain to a 
 more fubtle appreciation, a more fenfitive feeling of 
 that Song — which, in its aggregate and bulk, is the 
 (weetefl and mofl enchanting in our Hillory. 
 
 How much the Cowitcrblajle reprefents another clafs 
 of our Literature, and a good deal of our former man- 
 ners : the notices given of the Tobacco controverfy 
 will ftiow. Thus both works fland on their o\svl merits ; 
 their own reputation and that of their Rojral Author 
 but predifpofmg them to a courteous reception. 
 
 AVhat he lays in the Preface to his other poetical work, 
 Exercifes at vacant hourcs, mufl not be forgotten in con- 
 sidering the Essayes, or Attempts of an Apprentife : 
 
 And in case thou finde asw«] in this work, as in my Le! .n : . i HTaing, 
 many incorrect errours, both in the dytement and orthogr ■ pray 
 
 thee to accept this my reasonable excose, which is this. .rs, I 
 
 doabc not, that vpnn Uie one part, I composed these thiols ; young 
 
 and tender yeares : wherein nature, iexccpt shee were a monsier; caii admit 
 of DO perfection. And now-c on the other parte, bein^ of riper yeares, my 
 burden is so great and continoall, without anie intermission, that when my 
 ingyne and age could, my affaires and fasherie would not permit mee, to re- 
 mark the wrong ortlK^Taphy committed by the copiars of mjr vnlegible and 
 ragged band, far les to amend my propet errours : Yea scarshe but at stollen 
 moments, haiie I the leasore to uoik vpon any paper, and yet not that, with 
 free and vnvexed ^irit. Alwaies, rough and vnpotished as they are, I offer 
 them vnto thee. . . . 
 
 Nothing need here be faid of the king's Sonnets 
 and Poems : they appraife themfelves. Of the reft, 
 the following may be noted : — 
 
 I. ^Ir. GiLUES, writing, in 1812, his Prrf. Ment., see No. 2 on p. 6, 
 
 >:' the recommeada t ary versifiers T[hamas H[udson} was the author 
 
 v.on of Du Bartas's ffuifry of Judith, printed at Edinburgh by 
 
 ' .:utroUier, and repoUished in the woks of Du Bartas by Joshua 
 
 b/ive-'lcr.'* R. UludionJ, probably a brother of the preceding, was also a 
 
 writer of verses. See an address to him, by Montgomery, in the second 
 
 volume of Sibbaid's CkronUlt. M. W. F. is obviously Alaster William Fouler, 
 
 author of The Triumfki of Peirarke ^coA TJu Tarantula of Love, extant 
 
 in MS. in the College Library of E^dinburgh, of which specimens have been 
 
 pobiished by Dr. Leyden. 
 
 _ 2. GiLLAi-ME DK Salluste, Sdigncdr du B.\rtas fb. 1544 — d. 1590) ewr- 
 cised a considerable influence over some of the minor English poets of fa:s 
 time. Something like mutual laitdation passed bet«'een the j^ung Scotch 
 king and the French poet. What James sa}-s of Du Bartas may be seen at 
 ^. ao-2i. Not long after these Eaofes, the king wrote a poem on the battle 
 of Lepanto : in a French translation of which, by Du Bartas, La LefniHike, 
 is the following Preface from the T ran tl at or t4> tJu AuUur, in which the 
 Frenchman repays the Scot in AiU .* — 
 
Introdunion. 5 
 
 Iaques, si tu marchois d^itn pied mortee fa bos. 
 
 Hardy € entreprendroy de falloner ses pas: 
 
 I'estendroy tons vies iier/s, et tna course sacrie 
 
 Loing, loing lairroit d. dos les aigles de Boree. 
 
 Mais plus qu aigle tiomieaii tit te giiitides es cieiuc, 
 
 Colle has, ie te suy seuleinent de vies yeux : 
 
 Mais plttstost du desir: on, si ie me remue 
 
 Ombre ie vole en ierre, et toy dedans la tine. 
 
 He ! fnsse ie vraytnent, 6 Phoenix Escossois, 
 
 On r ombre de ion corps, on PEc/io de ia voix. 
 
 Si ie n'anoy I'aznr, for, et Vargent encore 
 
 Dont ton plumage astre brillantcment s'honnore. 
 
 An tnonts lanrey ta forme : et si man rndevers 
 
 N'expritnoit la douceur de tant d' accords diners, 
 
 J I retiendroit guelgue air de tes voix pins g u' humaines, 
 
 Mais, Pies, taisez vans pons oiiyr les Catnocnes. 
 3. Emanuel Tremili.ius, was a Jew, born at Ferrara about 1510. He 
 became first a Catholic, then a Protestant ; was a celebrated Hebrew scholar, 
 and died at Sedan on 9th October 1580. His Latin version of the Scriptures 
 — originally brought out at Frankfort — was first printed in London in 1580, 
 and again in 1581. 'Out of Tremillius' therefore simply means; — -translated 
 from out of the Latin version of the Psalms, edited by Tremillius. 
 
 In the nineteen years intervening between the pub- 
 lication of the works here prefented to the reader, 
 James pubUfhed many works at Edinburgh. As among 
 others, his Majestys Poetical Exercifcs at Vacant houres, 
 in T591, confiding of his tranflation The Furies of Du 
 Bartas, of his own Lepanto, and of Du Bartas' render- 
 ing, La Lepanthe. His Dcemonologie in 1599. The 
 anonymous and fecret firfl edition — Hmited to feven 
 copies — oi Bafdikoii Dorofi in 1599. When he came 
 to the Englifli croAvn, mofl of the profe works were 
 reprinted in London. 
 
 Almofl his firfl new literary produ(51ion as King of 
 Great Britain and Ireland was A Counterblaste to To- 
 bacco. So far as limited time and fpace have permitted, 
 we have, further on, furrounded it with fomewhat of the 
 antecedent and fubfequent literature of the fubje(5l. 
 Lovers of the Pipe fometimes endeavour to stultify 
 James' Invective : by fketching, on an enlarged fcale, 
 the perfonal habits, the notions and conceits of the fo- 
 called Britifh Solomon. Here again the Invedlive mufl 
 fland on its own merits. What it is in itfelf, we can 
 eflimate. The meafure of its influence — efpecially 
 when its Royal authorfhip became generally known — 
 may not now be attainable. As a matter of hillory ; 
 it failed in its purpofe. Tobacco fmoking Hill reigneth, 
 and will yet reign. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 5rf)c C^sace^ of a ^rentiisc in tl)c pioine |Lrt of 
 potjsu. 
 
 (a) teao ta fl|t Sbdfior's Itftiiiiie. 
 I. At a separate ptUfUcatian. 
 
 1. 1585. EdinfauiglL .£</i^i<'/r»na^: see tide on opponte page. 
 
 I voL 4to. 
 
 II. With otker woris. 
 None. 
 
 'tb} IsBUus siniz t}|t Sstlpir's titat^. 
 I. As a. sefartxie ptMicatum. 
 
 2. 1814. Edinborsli. The Essayes 0/ a Prentise, in the Divine Art of 
 
 I toL 8vo. Poesie; witb a pre&tory Memoir by R. P. Gillies, F.S. A.E. 
 
 IL With other -works. 
 
 3. 10 Dec 1869. Load, i voL 8vo. EttgUA Reprints; see title at>. i. 
 
 |L, CoimUrbUjStt to S^obacco. 
 
 [3; £»n» in Vcft SutiMiT'B lifJctimt. 
 I. As a separate pttblicatum.. 
 X, 1604. L«nd<m. Editia princeps: see title at/. 95. Anonymously pub- 
 I voL 4to. lisbed, and now very scarce. The present edition is re- 
 printed from a copy in the Bodldan Library, at Oxford. 
 
 II. With other works. 
 2. 1616. London. The [Prose] Workes of James I. . Collected and edited 
 I ToL foL by James Moxtagu, Bp. of Wi.vchester. The Cottxter- 
 blasie is at. pp. 211-212. 
 S. 1619. London, llie same translated into Latin, by the same Bishop. 
 I ToL foL The Cotatterilaste is translated at pp. \iQ-9cyj. On /. 189, it 
 has the title of Misocapnus siue De Aoitsu Tobaeci Lusus 
 Regius: which is thus varied in repetition on p. 300, Miso- 
 capmits, seu lusus Regius de abuiu TobaccL 
 
 (b) tents ma tipr 9itd)er's )Ma4> 
 L As a separate publictttiom. 
 None. 
 II. With other -aiorks. 
 4. 167a. London. Two Braad-Sides against Tobacco: The First given by 
 I ToL 4to. King James of £unotis monory. His Counterblaste to To- 
 bacco. TheSecond transcribed out of that learned Physician 
 Dr. EvEKABD M At-JiWARlNGE. His Treatise o/the Scurtry. 
 . . . . Condnding with Two Poems against Tobacco 
 [i.e. an extract of Sylvester's Tobacco battered; sot p. 116] 
 and Coffee. Collected and published, as very proper for 
 
 this Age, by J. H Ijcensed accordii:^ to Order. 
 
 June 6. 1672. 
 
 Or with a slightly different title-page, beginning thus — 
 King James His CtntnterHaste to Tobacco. To which 
 is added a Learned Discourse written by Dr. Evekakd 
 Mavnwakingb, I*roving that Tobacco is a procuring Cause 
 
 of the Scurvy 
 
 0. 1689. Another Latin Edition of James" prose worics. in which 
 
 T voL fol. Mitocapmus is included. 
 6. to Dec 1869. London, i toL Svo. English Reprints: sec 6Ak at p. j. 
 
THE ESSAYES OF 
 
 A PRENTISE, IN THE 
 DIVINE ART OF 
 
 P O E S I E. 
 
 Imprinted at Edinburgh, by Thomas 
 
 Vautroullier. 
 
 1585- 
 
 CVM PRIVILEGIO 
 
 R E G A L I. 
 
THE CATALOGVE OF THE 
 workis heirin conteined. 
 
 T 
 
 He twdf Sonnets of Iniwcations to the Goddis. 
 The Vranie or heauaily Mufe tranjlated. 
 
 TJu MetaphcricaU Inuaiiioun of a Tragedie, callit 
 Phoenix. 
 
 A Paraphraftuall tranflaiioun out of the Poete Lucane. 
 
 A treat if e of the curt of Scott is Poefie. 
 
 The CI 1 11. Pfalme of Dauid, tranflated out of 
 Tremellius. 
 
 A Pocme of Tyme. 
 
SONNET. 
 
 fF Martiall deeds, and pra6life of the pen 
 _.. Haue wonne to aimcient Grece a worthie fame : 
 *^ If Battels bold, and Bookes of learned men 
 Haue magnified the mightie Romain name : 
 Then place this Prince, who well deferues the fame : 
 Since he iS one of Mars and Pallas race : 
 For both the Godds in him haue fett in frame 
 Their vertewes both, which both, he doth embrace. 
 O Macedon, adornde with heauenly grace, 
 Romain flout, decorde with learned fkill, 
 The Monarks all to thee fliall quite their place : 
 Thy endles fame fhall all the world fulfill. 
 And after thee, none worthier flialbe feene, 
 To fway the Sword, and gaine the Laurell greene. 
 
 T. H. 
 
 SONNET. 
 
 fHE glorious Grekis in flately flyle do blaife [olde : 
 The lawde, the conqurour gaue their Homer 
 ^-^ • The verfes Ccefar fong in Alaroes praife. 
 The Romanis in remembrance depe haue rolde. 
 Ye Thefpiaii Nymphes, that fuppe the Ne^ar colde. 
 That from Parnaffis forked topp doth fall, 
 What Akxafider or Augiijhis bolde, 
 May found his fame, whofe vertewes pafs them all ? 
 O Phcehiis, for thy help, heir might I call. 
 And on Minerue, and Afaias learned fonne : 
 But fince I know, none was, none is, nor fhall, 
 Can rightly ring the fame that he hath wonne, 
 Then flay your trauels, lay your pennis adowne, 
 For CcBfars works, fhall iuRly Ccefar crowne. 
 
 R. H. 
 
lO 
 
 SONNET. 
 
 'tjfp He mightie Father of the Mufes njTie 
 
 vL ^^'ho mounted thame \'pon Parnafsus hill, 
 
 v5^ Where Phaebus faire amidd thefe Sifters fyne 
 
 With learned toung fatt teaching euer (lill. 
 
 Of late yon God declared his woundrous will, 
 
 That Vranie fhould teach this Prince mofl rare : 
 
 Syne ihe infonned her fcholler w-ith fuch (kill. 
 
 None could with him in Poefie comp>aire. 
 
 Lo, heir the fructis, NympJu, of thy fofter faire, 
 
 Lo heir (6 noble loue) thy will is done. 
 
 Her charge compleit, as deid doth now declaire. 
 
 This work M-ill witneffe, (he obeyed the fone. 
 
 O Phcebus then reioyce with glauncing glore, 
 Since that a King doth all thy court decore. 
 
 M. VV. 
 
 SONNET. 
 
 i^f^THen as my minde exemed was from caire, 
 "^Yy/ Among the Nymphis my felf I did repofe : 
 ^^^^ A\Tiere I gaue eare to one, who did prepaire 
 Her fugred voice this fequell to difclofe. 
 Conveine your felfs (6 (iilers) doe not lofe 
 This pafling t}Tne which hadeth fad away : 
 And yow who wrj'tes in (lately verfe and profe, 
 This glorious Kings immortall gloire difplay. 
 Tell how he doeth in tender yearis eflay 
 Aboue his age with (kill our arts to blaife. 
 Tell how he doeth with gratitude repay 
 The crowne he wan for his deferued praife. 
 Tell how of loiu, of Mars, but more of God 
 The gloire and grace he hath proclaimed abrod, 
 
 M. W. F. 
 
XX 
 
 SONNET. 
 
 ^ AN goldin Titan fliyning bright at mome 
 
 For light of Torchis, cafl ane greater Ihaw ? 
 Can Thunder reard the heicher for a home ? 
 Craks Cannons louder, thoght ane Cok fould craw ? 
 Can our weake breath help Boreas for to blaw ? 
 Can Catidiil lowe giue fyre a greater heit ? 
 Can quhytefl Swans more quhyter mak the Snavv ? 
 Can Virgins teares augment the Winters weit ? 
 Helps pyping Pan Apollos Mufique fweit ? 
 Can Fountanis fmall the Ocean fea increffe ? 
 No, they auginent the greater nocht a quheit : 
 Bot they them felues appears to grow the lefle. 
 
 So (worthy Prince) thy works fall mak the knawin. 
 
 Ours helps not thyne : we fleynzie bot our awin. 
 
 A.M. 
 
 De huius Libri Auflore, Herculis 
 RoUoci coniedlura. 
 
 'jr\ Vifquis es, entheus Mc exit qno AuHore hhellus, 
 %J, {Nam liber AuHorem conticet ipfefuuni) 
 
 Diim quonam ingenio meditor, genioqiie fuba6lus, 
 Maiora humanis viribus ijla canas : 
 Teque adeo quifis expaido : aiit Diuus es, inquam, 
 
 Atit a Diuiim aliquis forte fecundus homo. 
 Nil fed habetfimile aut Diuis, ant terra fecundum : 
 
 Qiianqiiam illis Reges proxitmis ornat honos. 
 Aut opns hoc igitur humano femitie nati 
 
 Nullius, aut hocfic Regis oportet opus. 
 
It 
 
 .^ 
 
 ACROSTICHON. 
 
 I Nfigiu Auchris vetuit pr^Jigere notnen 
 
 A uHoris cunna peHus vacuum ambiiioru. 
 
 C uius prcBclaras laudes, ha-ouafa^a, 
 
 O mnigejiafqui animi dotes, d peclora verl 
 
 B elligera, exornat aeUJlis gratia Alufx. 
 
 V era ijla omtiino eft virtus, virtuteque maior 
 S ublimis regnat generofo in peHore C/iriftus. 
 S cottia fortunaia nimis bona ft tua noffcs 
 EX imij vatis, phclrum qui poi lice do6lo 
 
 T emperai, et Mufas regakm inducit in aulam : 
 
 V iHurus pojl fala diu : Nam fama fuperftes 
 S emper erii, femper florebit gloria vatis. 
 
 Pa. AcL Ep. Sancl. 
 EIVSDEM AD LECTOREM 
 
 E P I G R A M M A. 
 
 ^1^/ quctras quisfit tarn compii carminis auflor, 
 /•^ AuHcrem audcbis Mufa ne^re tuum ? 
 Ille quidem vetuit, mi te parere neceffe eft: 
 Quis tantum in Diuas cbtinet imperium 1 
 Cui parent Mufce, Phcebus quo vote fuperbii, 
 
 Et capiti demit laurea ferta fuo. 
 Cui lauri, et fceptri primi debentur honores, 
 
 Cui multa cingii laude tyara caput. 
 2uo duc£fpes certa eft diuifis orbe Britannis, 
 
 Haud diuifa iterum regnafutura duo. 
 ~'roge7iies Hegum, Regnorumque vniais hoeres^ 
 
 Scilicet obfcurus ddiiuifse poteft ! 
 
§ 
 
 ANE QVADRAIN OF 
 
 ALEXANDRIN VERSE. 
 
 p 
 
 Mmortall Gods, fen I with pen and Poets airt [fmall, 
 So willingly hes lervde you, though my fkill be 
 I pray then euerie one of you to help his pairt, 
 In graunting this my fute, which after follow fhall. 
 
 SONNET. I. 
 
 ^'p IRST loue, as greatell God aboue the reft, 
 
 jjCl Graunt thou to me a pairt of my defyre : 
 
 ^^s^ That when in verfe of thee I write my beft, 
 
 This onely thing I earneftly requyre, 
 
 That thou my veine Poetique fo infpyre, 
 
 As they may fuirlie think, all that it reid. 
 
 When I defcmie thy might and thundring fyre. 
 
 That they do fee thy felf in verie deid 
 
 From heauen thy greateft TImnders for to leid. 
 
 And fyne upon the Gyants heads to fall : 
 
 Or Gumming to thy Semele with fpeid 
 
 In Thunders leaft, at.her requeft and call : 
 
 Or throwing Phaethon downe from heauen to card. 
 
 With threatning thunders, making monftrous reard. 
 
 SONNET. 2. 
 
 [PoUo nixt, affift me in a parte, 
 
 Sen vnto lone thou fecound art in might. 
 That when I do defcryue thy fliyning Carte, 
 The Readers may efteme it in their fight. 
 And graunt me als, thou worlds 6 onely light, 
 That when I lyke for fubiecl to deuyfe 
 To wryte, how as before thy countenaunce bright 
 The yeares do fland, with feafons dowble t\vyfe. 
 That fo I may defcrj^ue the verie guj^e 
 Thus by thy help, of yeares wherein we Hue : 
 As Readers fyne'may fay, heir furely lyes, 
 Of feafons fo'.vre, the glafle and picture vine. 
 Grant als, that fo I may my verfes warpe, 
 As thou may play them fyne vpon thy Harpe. 
 
14 
 
 SONNET. 3. 
 
 SyykVND firft, 6 P/uEbus, when I do defcriue [flowris, 
 ^^Y The Springtyme fproutar of the herbes and 
 Hii^) "WTiome with in rank none of the fonre do flriue. 
 But neareft thee do flande all t}Tnes and howris : 
 Grannt Readers may efleme, they fie the (howris, 
 WTiofe balmie dropps fo foftlie dois difleU, 
 \\'hich watrie cloudds in mefure fuche downe powris, 
 As makis the herbis, and verie earth to fmell 
 With lauours fweit, £ra t)Tne that onis thy fell 
 The vapouris foftUe fowkis with fmyling cheare, 
 \'A'hilks f)-ne in cloudds are keiped clofe and well, 
 VYhill vehement Winter come in tyme of yeare. 
 
 Graunt, when I lyke the Springtyme to dlfplaye. 
 
 That Readers think they fie the Spring alwaye. 
 
 SONNET. 4. 
 
 ^ND graunt that I may fo vhiely put in verfe 
 The Sommer, when I lyke theirof to treat : 
 As when in writ I do theirof reherfe. 
 Let Readere think they fele the burning heat, 
 And graithly fee the earth, for lacke of weit. 
 With withering drouth and Sunne fo gaigged all. 
 As for the graiTe on feild, the dud in ftreit 
 Doth ryfe and flee aloft, long or it falL 
 Yea, let them think, they heare the fong and call, 
 \Miich Fl<yras wingde muficians maks to found. 
 And that to tafte, and finell, beleue they Ihall 
 DeUcious fiiiidtis, whilks in that t}Tne abound. 
 And fhortly, all their fenfes fo bereaued. 
 As eyes and earis, and all may be deceaued. 
 
J® 
 
 15 
 
 SONNET. 5. 
 
 v.77\,R when I lyke my pen for to imploy 
 
 Of fertile Haj-vejl in the defcription trew : 
 Let- Readers think, they inflantly conuoy 
 The bufie fhearers for to reap their dew, 
 By cutting rypefl comes with hookes anew : 
 Which comes their heauy heads did dounward bow, 
 Els feking earth againe, from whence they grew, 
 And vnto Ceres do their feraice vow. 
 Let Readers alfo furely think and trow, 
 They fee the painfull VigneroTi pull the grapes : 
 Firfl tramping them, and after prefling now 
 The grenefl cluflers gathered into heapes. 
 
 Let then the Harvejl fo vine to them appeare, 
 As if they faw both comes and cluflers neare. 
 
 SONNET. 6. 
 
 is? 
 
 VT let them think, in verie deid they feill, 
 When as I do the Winters flormes vnfolde, 
 The bitter frofls, which waters dois congeill 
 In Winter feafon, by a pearfmg colde. 
 And that they heare the whiddering Boreas bolde, 
 With hiddeous hurling, rolling Rocks from hie. 
 Or let them think, they fee god Saturne olde, 
 Whofe hoarie haire owercouering earth, maks flie 
 The lytle birds in flocks, fra tyme they fee 
 The earth and all with flormes of fnow owercled : 
 Yea let them think, they heare the birds that die. 
 Make piteous mone, that Saticrnes hairis are fpred. 
 Apollo, graunt thir foirfaid fuitis of myne. 
 All fyue I fay, that thou may crowne me fyne. 
 
i6 
 
 SONNET. 7. 
 
 ^^C ND when I do defcriue the Oceans force, 
 Al\^ Graunt f)'ne, 6 Neptune, god of feas profound, 
 ^^ That readars think on leebord, and on dworce, 
 And how the Seas ovtcrflowed this maffiue round : 
 Yea, let them think, they heare a flormy found. 
 Which threatnis wind, and darknes come at hand : 
 And water in their (hipps f}Tie to abound. 
 By weltring waues, lyke hyefl towTcs on land. 
 Then let them thinke their (hipp now low on (and. 
 Now climmes and fkippes to top of rageing feas. 
 Now downe to hell, when (hippmen may not fland. 
 But lifts their hands to pray thee for fome eas. 
 
 Syne let them think thy Tridad doth it calme. 
 Which maks it cleare and linothe lyke glas or alme. 
 
 SONNET. 8, 
 
 i^XND graunt the lyke when as the fwimming fort 
 ^f/V Of all thy fubiecis flcaled I lift declare : 
 ^^^ As Triton monfter with a manly port, 
 ^^^lO drownd the Troyan trumpetour moft raire : 
 As Marmaids wyfe, who wepis in wether faire : 
 And marvelous Monkis, I meane Afonkis of the fee. 
 Bot what of monfters, when I looke and ftaire 
 On wounderous heapes ol lubiedlis feruing the ? 
 As whailes fo huge, and Sea eylis rare, that be 
 Myle longs, in crawling cruikis of fixtie pace : 
 And Datdphins, Seahorfe, Selchs with oxin ee, 
 And Merfwynls, Pertrikis als of fifties race. 
 In ftiort, no fowle doth flie, nor beaft doth go, 
 But thow Raft fifties lyke to them and mo. 
 
17 
 
 SONNET. 9. 
 
 
 DreidfuU Pluto, brother thrid to lotie, 
 With Proferpin, thy wife, the quene of hell 
 My fute to yow is, when I hke to loaue 
 The ioyes that do in Elife field excell : 
 Or when I like great Tragedies to tell : 
 Or flyte, or murne ray fate : or wryte with feare 
 The plagues ye do fend furth with Dirce fell. 
 Let Readers think, that both they fee and heare 
 AleHo, threatning Turmis fifler deare : 
 And heare Ce/cB?ios wings, with Harpyes all : 
 And fee dog Cerberus rage with hiddeous beare, 
 And all that did AEneas once befall. 
 
 When as he pafl throw all thofe dongeons dim, 
 The forefaid feilds fyne vifited by him. 
 
 SONNET. 10. 
 
 Furious Mars, thow warlyke fouldiour 
 And hardy Pallas, goddels flout and graue : 
 Let Reidars think, when combats manyfold 
 I do defcriue, they fee two champions braue, 
 With armies huge approching to refaue 
 Thy will, with cloudds of dufl into the air. 
 Syne Phifers, Dnunmes, and Trumpets cleir do craue 
 The pelmell chok with lanim loude alwhair. 
 Then nothing hard but gunnis, and ratling fair 
 Of fpeares, and clincking fwords with glaunce fo cleir, 
 As if they foght in flcyes, then Avrangles thair 
 Men killd, vnkilld, whill Parcas breath reteir. 
 There lyes the venquifht wailing fore his chaunce : 
 There lyes the vidlor, rewing els tlie daunce. 
 
i8 
 
 SONNET. II. 
 
 !^Nd at your handis I eameflly do craue, 
 O facound Mercure, with the Mufcs n)Tie, 
 
 '-^iUD That for conducfling guyde I may you haue, 
 
 Afwell vnto my pen, as my Ingyne. 
 
 Let Readers think, thy eloquence deuyne 
 
 O Mcrcure, in my Poems doth appeare : 
 
 And that Pamaffis flowing fountaine fjTie 
 
 Into my works doth fh}-ne lyke criflall cleare. 
 
 O MufeSy let them think that they do heare 
 
 Your voyces all into my verfe refound. 
 
 And that your vertewis finguler and feir 
 
 May wholly all in them be alfo found. 
 Of all that may the perfyte Poems make, 
 I pray you let my verfes haue no lake. 
 
 SONNET. 12. 
 
 fN (hort, you all forenamed gods I pray 
 For to concur with one accord and will. 
 That all my works may perfyte be alway 
 \\Tiich if ye doe, then fweare I for to fill 
 My works immortall with your praifes dill : 
 I fhall your names etemall euer fing, 
 I fhall tread downe the grafle on Pamafs hill 
 By making with your names the world to ring : 
 I Ihall your names from all obliuion bring. 
 I lofty Virgil (hall to life refloir, 
 My fubiecls all (halbe of heauenly thing, 
 How to delate the gods immortals gloir. 
 Eflay me once, and if ye find me fwerue. 
 Then thinke, I do not graces fuch deferue. 
 
 FINIS. 
 
THE V R A N I E 
 
 tranllated. 
 
 •5C- * 
 
 * -5;- 45- 
 * * 
 
 * 
 
* To the fauorable 
 Reader 
 
 lAuing oft reuolued, and red ouer (fauorable 
 Reader) the booke and Poems of the 
 deuine and Illufler Poete, Saliijl du Bar- 
 tas, I was moued by the oft reading and 
 perufing of them, with a reflles and lofty defire, to 
 preas to attaine to the like vertue. But fen (alas) God, 
 by nature hathe refufed me the like lofty and quick 
 ingjTie, and that my dull Mufe^ age, and Fortune, had 
 refufed me the lyke (kill and learning, I was conflrained 
 to haue refuge to the fecound, which was, to doe what 
 lay in me, to fet forth his praife, fen I could not merite 
 the lyke my felf. Which I thought, I could not do fo 
 well, as by publifhing fome worke of his, to this yle of 
 Brittain (fwarming full of quick ingynes.) afwell as 
 they ar made manifell already to France. But 
 knowing my felf to vnfkilfull and grolTe, to tranflate 
 any of his heauenly and learned works, I almofl left it 
 of, and was afhamed of that opinion alfo. AVhill at 
 the la(l, preferring foolehardines and a good intention, 
 to an vtter difpaire and fleuth, I refolued vnaduj-fedly 
 to aflay the tranflating in my language of the eafiefl 
 and fliortefl of all his difficile, and prolixed Poems : to 
 wit, the Vrafiie or heauenlye Mufe, which, albeit it be 
 not well tranflated, yet hope I, ye will excufe me 
 (fauorable Reader) fen I neither ordained it, nor 
 auowes it for a iuft tranflation : but onely fet it forth, 
 to the end, that, albeit the Prouerb faith, that foole- 
 hardines proceeds of ignoraunce, yet fome quick 
 fprited man of this yle, borne vnder the fame, or as 
 
The Preface. 
 
 happie a Planet, as Dii Bartas was, might by the read- 
 ing of it, bee moued to tranflate it well, and befl, 
 where I haue bothe euill, and word broyled it. 
 
 For that caufe, I haue put in, the French on the 
 one fide of the leif, and my blocking on the other : 
 noght thereby to giue proofe of my iufl tranflating," but 
 by the contrair, to let appeare more plainly to the 
 forefaid reader, wherin I haue erred, to the effe6l, that 
 with leffe difficulty he may efcape thofe fnares wherin 
 I haue fallen. I mufl alfo defire you to bear with it, 
 albeit it be replete with innumerable and intolerable 
 faultes : fic as, Ryming in tearmes, and dyuers others, 
 whilkis ar forbidden in my owne treatife of the Art of 
 Poefie, in the hinder end of this booke, I mufl, I fay, 
 praye you for to appardone mee, for three caufes. 
 Firfl, becaufe that tranflations are limitat, and re- 
 llraind in fome things, more than free inuentions are, 
 Therefore reafoun would, that it had more libertie in 
 others. Secoundlie, becaufe I made noght my treatife 
 of that intention, that eyther I, or any others behoued 
 aflricktly to follow it : but that onely it Ihould fhew 
 the perfecflion of Poefie, whereunto fewe or none can 
 attaine. Thirdlye, becaufe, that (as I fhewe alreadye) 
 I avow it not for a iufl tranflation. Befydes that I 
 haue but ten feete in my lyne, where he hath twelue, 
 and yet tranflates him lyne by lyne. Thus not doub- 
 ting, fauorable Reader, but you will accept my 
 intention and trauellis in good parte, 
 (fen I requyre no farder,) I 
 bid you faire well. 
 
 ■s? "af "i" 
 % ^k ^t % 
 
 ^ * -5? 
 
L'VRANIE, OV MVSE 
 Celestk 
 
 E n'efloy point encor en I'Auril de 
 mon aage, 
 Qu' vn defir d'afiranchir mon lenom 
 
 du trefpas, 
 Chagrin, me faifoit perdre et repos, 
 
 et repas, 
 Par le braue proiet de maint f9auant 
 ouurage. 
 
 Mais comme vn pelerin, qui fur le tard, rencontre 
 Vn fourchu carrefour, douteux, s'arrefle court : 
 Et d'efprit, non des pieds, de 9k de Ik difcourt, 
 Par les diuers chemins, que la Lune luy monflre. 
 
 Parmi tant de fentiers qui, fleuris, fe vont rendre 
 Sur le mont, ou Phcebus gijerdonne les beaux vers 
 De I'honneur immortal des lauriers tout-iour verds, 
 le demeuroy confus, ne fgachant lequel prendre. 
 
 Tantofl i'entreprenoy d'omer la Grecque Scene 
 D'vn veflement Francois. Tantofl d\'n vers plus haut, 
 Hardi, i'enfanglantoy le Francois efchafaut 
 Des Tyrans d'llion, de Thebes, de Mycene. 
 
 le confacroy tantofl. k I'Aonide bande 
 L'Histoire des Francois : et ma laincfle fureur 
 Defmentant a bon droit la trop commune erreur, 
 Faifoit le Mein Gaulois, non la Seine Alemande. 
 
 Tantofl. ie defleignoy dvne plume flateufe 
 Le los non merite des Rois et grands Seigneurs : 
 Et, pour me voir bien tofl. riche d'or, et d honneurs, 
 D'\Ti coeur bas ie rendoy mercenaire ma Mufe. 
 
 Et tandis ie vouloy chanter le fils volage 
 De la molle C}T)ris, et le mal doux-amer, 
 
THE VRANIE, OR HEA- 
 
 VENLY MVSE. 
 
 Carce was I yet in fpringtyme of my 
 years, 
 
 "When greening great for fameaboue 
 my pears 
 
 Did make me lofe my wonted chere 
 and reft, 
 
 Effaying learned works with curious 
 breft. 
 
 But as the Pilgrim, who for lack of light, 
 Cumd on the parting of two wayes at night, 
 He ftays affone, and in his mynde doeth caft. 
 What way to take while Moonlight yet doth laft. 
 So I amongft the paths vpon that hill, 
 Where Phoebus crowns all verfes euer ftill 
 Of endles praife, with Latirers always grene, 
 Did ftay confufde, in doubt what way to mene. 
 I whyles effaide the Grccc in Frenche to praife, 
 Whyles in that toung I gaue a lufty glaife 
 For to defcryue the Troian Kings of olde, 
 And them that Thebes and Mycens crowns did holde. 
 And whiles I had the ftorye of Fraunce eled.ed, 
 Which to the Mufes I fliould haue dire6led : 
 My holy furie with confent of nane, 
 Made frenche the Mein, and nowyfe dutche the Sein. 
 Whiles thought I to fet foorth with flattring pen : 
 The praife vntrewe of Kings and noble men. 
 And that I might both golde and honours haue, 
 With courage baffe I made my Mufe a flaue. 
 And whyles I thought to fmg the fickle boy 
 Of Cypris foft, and loues to-fwete anoy, 
 
24 L' V R A X 1 E. 
 
 Que les plus "beaux efprits foufirent pour trop aimer, 
 Difcours, oil me {X)ufsoit ma nature, et mon aage. 
 
 Or tandis qu' inconilant ie ne me puis refoudre, 
 De 9^ de la poufee d vn vent ambitieux, 
 Vne fainte beaut^ fe prefente k mes yeux, 
 Fille, comrae ie croy, du grand Dieu lance-foudre. 
 
 Sa face efl angelique, angelique fon gefle. 
 Son difcours tout diuin, et tout parfait fon corps : 
 Et fx bouche k neuf-voLx imite en fes accords 
 Le fon harmonieux de la dance celefte. 
 
 Son chef efl honord d'\-ne riche couronne 
 Faite k fept plis, gliflans d vn diuers mouuement, 
 Sur diacun de fes plis fe toume obliquement 
 Ie ne f9ay quel rondeau, qui fur nos chefs raionne. 
 
 Le premier efl de plomb, et d eflain le deuxiefhie, 
 Le troifiefme d acier, le quart d or iaunifiant, 
 Le quint efl compofe d eleclre palliffant, 
 Le fuj-uant de Mercure, et d argent le feptiefme. 
 
 Son corps est affuble d ATie mante azuree, 
 Semee haut et bas d \ti million de feux. 
 Qui d vn bel art fans art diflinclement confus, 
 Decorent de leurs rais cefle beaute faerie. 
 
 Icy luit le grand Char, icy flambe la Lyre, 
 Icy la Poufsiniere, icy les claire BefTons, 
 Icy le Trebufchet, icy les deux Poiffons, 
 Et mille autres brandons que ie ne puis defcrire. 
 
 Ie fuis [dit elle alors] cefle do<Sle vranie. 
 Qui fur les gonds aflrez tranfporte les humains, 
 Faifant voir k leurs yeux, et toucher a leurs mains, 
 Ce que la Cour celefle et contemple et manie. 
 
 Ie quinte-efsence 1 ame : et fay que le Poete 
 Se furmontant foy mefme, enfonce vn haut difcours. 
 Qui, diuin, par 1 oreille attire les plus fourds, 
 Anime les rochers, et les fleuues arrefle. 
 
 Agreable efl le fonde mes docles germaines : 
 Mais leur gofier, qui peut terre et ciel enchanter, 
 Ne me cede pas moins en 1 art de bien chanter, 
 Qu'au Rofsignol I'Oifon, les Pies aux Syrenes. [aifle 
 
 Pren moy donques pour guide : efleue au ciel ton 
 
sen in 
 
 T H E V R A N I E. 25 
 
 To lofty fprits that are therewith made blynd, 
 
 To which difcours my nature and age inclynd. 
 
 But whill I was in doubt what way to go, 
 
 With wind ambitious to fled to and fro : 
 
 A holy beuty did to mee appeare, 
 
 The Thiindrers daughter feeming as fhe weare. 
 
 Her porte was AngeUike with Angels face, 
 
 With comely fhape and toung of heauenly grace : 
 
 Her nynevoced mouth refembled into found 
 
 The daunce harmonious making heauen refound. 
 
 Her head was honorde with a coflly crown, 
 
 Seuinfolde and round, to dyuers motions boun : 
 
 On euery folde I know not what doth glance, 
 
 Aboue our heads into a circuler dance. 
 
 The firfl it is of Lead, of Tin the nixt, The 1 
 
 The third of Stele, the fourth of Gold vnmixt, I'laiiets 
 
 The fyfth is made of pale Elecflre light, 
 
 The fixt of Mercure, feuint of Siluer bright. 
 
 Her corps is couured with an Afure gowne, rirnamcnt. 
 
 Where thoufand fires ar fowne both vp and downe : 
 
 Whilks with an arte, but arte, confufde in order, p^gj 
 
 Dois with theirbeames decore thereof the border. Starres. 
 
 Heir fhynes the Charlewain, there the Harp giues light, 
 
 And heir the Seamans flarres, and there Twinnis bright, 
 
 And heir the Ballance, there the Fiflies twaine, 
 
 With thoufand other fyres, that pas my braine. 
 
 I am faid flie, that learned Vranie, 
 
 That to the Starres tranfports humanilie. 
 
 And maks men fee and twiche with hands and ene 
 
 It that the heauenly court contempling bene. 
 
 I quint-effence the Poets foule fo well, 
 
 While he in high difcours excede him fell, 
 
 Who by the eare the deafefl doeth allure, 
 
 Reuiues the rocks, and flayes the floods for fure. Nyne 
 
 The tone is pleafaunt of my * fiflers deir : Muses. 
 
 Yet though their throts make heauen and earth admire, 
 
 They yeld to me no leffe in fmging well. 
 
 Then Pye to Syraine, goofe to Nightingell. 
 
 Take me for guyde, lyft vp to heauen thy wing 
 
26 L'VRANIE. 
 
 Salufte, chance moy du Tout-puilsant 1 honneur, 
 Et remontant le luth du leflean fonneur, 
 Courageux, broffe apres la couronne etemelle. 
 
 le ne puis d vn ceil fee, voir mes foeurs maquerelles, 
 Des amoreuz Francois, dont les mignards efcrits [cris, 
 Sont pleins de feints foufpirs, de feints pleurs, de feints 
 D'impudiques difcours, et de vaines querelles. 
 
 le ne puis d \ti ceil fee voir que 1 on mette en vente, 
 Nos diuines chanfons : et que d vn flateur vere, 
 Pour gaigner la faueur des Princes plus peruers, 
 Vn Commode, vn Neron, vn Caligule on vante. 
 
 Mais, fur tout, ie ne puis fans foufpirs et ians larmes 
 Voir les vers employez centre 1 autheur des vers : 
 le ne puis voir battu le Roy de I'vniuers 
 De fes propres foldats, et de fes propres armes. 
 
 L'homme a les yeux fiUez de nuits Cimmeriennes, 
 Et s'il a quelque bien, tant foit peu precieux, 
 Par differentes mains il 1 a receu des cieux : 
 Mais Dieu feul nous apprend les chanfons Delphiennes. 
 
 Tout art s'apprend par art : la feule Poefie 
 Est vn pur don celefte : et nul ne j)eut goufter 
 Le miel, que nous faifons de Pinde degoutter 
 S'il n'a d'vn lacre feu la poitrine laifie. 
 
 De cefle fource vient, que maints grands perfonnage 
 Confommez en f^auoir, voire en profe diferts, 
 Se trauaillent en vain k compofer des vers : 
 Et qu'\Ti ieune apprenti fait de plus beaux ouurages. 
 
 De \k vient que iadis le chantre Meonide, 
 Combien que mendiant, et fans maiflre, et fans yeux, 
 A vaincu par fes vers les nouueaux, et les vieux, 
 Chantant fi bien VIj^Te, et le preux Aeacide. 
 
 De Ik Nnent qu'vn Nafon ne pent parler en profe, 
 De \k \-ient que Dauid mes chants fi toft aprit, 
 De pasteur fait Poete, et que maint ieune efprit [pofe. 
 Ne f9achant point noftre art, fuyuant noftre art com- 
 
 Recherche nuicl et iour les ondes Caftalides : 
 Regrimpe nuicl et iour contre le roc Befibn : 
 Sois difciple d'Homere, et du laincl nourrifTon 
 D'Ande, I'heureux feiour des vierges Pierides. 
 
THEVRANIE. 27 
 
 Saluji, Gods immortals honour fmg : 
 And bending higher Dauids Lute in tone, 
 With courage feke yon endles crowne abone. 
 
 1 no wais can, vnwet my cheekes, beholde 
 
 My fiflers made by Frenchemen macquerels olde, 
 
 Whofe mignarde writts, but faynd lamenting vaine, 
 
 And fayned teares and fhamles tales retaine. 
 
 But weping neither can I fee them fpyte 
 
 Our heauenly verfe, when they do nothing wryte, 
 
 But Princes flattery that ar tyrants rather 
 
 Then Nero, Commode, or Caligide ather. 
 
 But fpecially but fobbes I neuer fhall 
 
 Se verfe beflowde gainfl him made verfes all, 
 
 I can not fee his proper foldiers ding 
 
 With his owne armes him that of all is King. 
 
 Mans eyes are blinded with Citnmerien night : 
 
 And haue he any good, beit neuer fo light, 
 
 From heauen, by mediat moyens, he it reaches, 
 
 Bot only God the Delphiens fong vs teaches. 
 
 All art is learned by art, this art alone 
 
 It is a heauenly gift : no flefh nor bone 
 
 Can preif the honnie we from P'uide diflill. 
 
 Except with holy fyre his breefl we fill. 
 
 From tliat fpnng flowes, that men of fpeciall chofe, 
 
 Confumde in learning, and perfyte in profe, 
 
 For to make verfe in vaine dois trauell take. 
 
 When as a prentife fairer works will make. 
 
 That made that Homer, who a fongfler bene, 
 
 Albeit a beggar, lacking mafler, and ene, 
 
 Exceded in his verfe both new and olde, 
 
 In finging Vlifs and Achilles bolde. 
 
 That made that Nafo noght could fpeak but verfe. 
 
 That Dauid made my fongs fo fone reherfe. 
 
 Of paflor Poet made., yea youngmen whyles 
 
 Vnknowing our art, yet by our art compyles. 
 
 Seke night and day Cajlalias waltring waas, 
 
 Climme day and night the twinrocks of Parnaas : 
 
 Be Homers ficoller, and his, was bom in Ande, Virgin 
 
 The happie dwelling place of all our bande. 
 
28 L' V R A X I E. 
 
 Lis tant que tu voudras, volume apres volume, 
 Les liures de Pergame, et de la grande cite, 
 Qui du nom d' Alexandre a fon nom emprante : 
 Exerce inceflamment et ta langue, et ta plume. 
 
 loin tant que tu voudras, pour vn camie bien faire 
 L'obfcure nuicft au iour, et le iour a la nuicl, 
 Si ne pourras tu point cueillir vn digne fruit 
 D'vn fi fafcheux trauail, li Pallas t'efl contraire. [forte, 
 
 Car du tout hors de 1 homme it fault que 1 homme 
 Sil veut faire des vers qui facent tefte aux ans : 
 II fault quentre nos mains il fequellre fes fens : 
 II fault qu vn faint ecllafe an plus haut ciel remporte. 
 
 D autant que tout ainfi que la fureur humaine 
 Rend 1 homme moins qu humain : la diuine fureur 
 Rend 1 homme plus grand qu homme : et d vne faindle 
 Sur le ciel porte-feux k fon gre le promeine. [erreur 
 
 Ceil d vn fi facre' lieu que les diuins poetes 
 Nous apportent 9a has de fi dodles propos, 
 Et des vers non fuiets au pouuoir d Atropos, 
 Truchemens de Nature, et du Ciel interpretes. 
 
 Les vrais Poetes font tels que la cornemufe, 
 Qui pleine de vent fonne, et vuide perd le fon : 
 Car leur fureur durant, dure aufli leur chanfon : 
 Et fi la fureur celTe, aufli cefle leur Mufe. 
 
 Puis donques que les vers ont au ciel pris naiflance, 
 Efprits vrayment diuins, aurez vous bien le coeur 
 De prononcer vn vers et profane, et moqueur 
 Contre cil, qui conduit des cieux aflrez la danfe ? 
 
 Serez vous tant ingrats, que de rendre vos plumes 
 Miniflres de la chair, et femes de peche ? 
 'J'out-iour donques fera voflre ftyle empefch^ 
 A reraplir, menfongers, de fonges vos volumes? 
 
 Ferez-vous, 6 trompeurs, tout-iour d'vn diable vn Ange? 
 Fendrez vous tout-iour I'air de vos amoureux cris? 
 He ! n'orra on iamais dans vos docles efcrits 
 Ketentir haut et clair du grand Dieu la louange ? 
 
 Ne vous fufifit il pas de fentir dans voflre ame 
 Le Cyprien brandon, fans que plus effrontez 
 Qu'vne Lays publique, encor vous euentez 
 
THEVRANIE. 29 
 
 How oft thou lykes reid ouer booke efter booke, 
 
 The bookes of Troy, and of that towne which tooke 
 
 Her name from Alexander Monark then, Alexandria 
 
 Exerce but ceafe thy toung and eke thy pen. 
 
 Yea, if to make good verfe thou hes fic cure, 
 
 loyne night and day, and day to night obfcure, 
 
 Yet fliall thou not the worthy frute reape fo 
 
 Of all thy paines, if Pallas be thy fo. 
 
 For man from man mufl wholly parted be, 
 
 If with his age, his verfe do well agree. 
 
 Amongfl our hands, he mufl his witts refmg, 
 
 A holy trance to higheil heauen him bring. 
 
 For euen as humane fury maks the man. >/ 
 
 Les then the man : So heauenly fury can 
 
 Make man pas man, and wander in holy mifl., 
 
 Vpon the fyrie heauen to walk at lift. 
 
 Within that place the heauenly Poets fought ^ 
 
 Their learning, fyne to vs heare downe it brought. 
 
 With verfe that ought to Atropos no dewe, 
 
 Dame Natnrs trunchmen, heauens interprets trewe, 
 
 For Poets right are lyke the pype alway, 
 
 Who full doth found, and empty flayes to play : 
 
 Euen fo their fury lafling, lafls their tone, 
 
 Tlieir fury ceafl, their Mufe doth flay affone. 
 
 Sen verfe did then in heauen firfl bud and blume. 
 
 If ye be heauenly, how dar ye prefume 
 
 A verfe prophane, and mocking for to fmg 
 
 Gainfl him that leads of flarrie heauens the ring? 
 
 Will ye then fo ingrately make your pen, 
 
 A flaue to finne, and ferue but fleflily men ? 
 
 Shall dill your brains be bufied then to fill 
 
 With dreames, 6 dreamers, euery booke and bill ? 
 
 Shall Satan flill be God for your behoue ? 
 
 Still will ye riue the aire with cryes of loue ? 
 
 And fliall there neuer into your works appeare. 
 
 The praife of God, refounding loud and cleare ? 
 
 Suffifis it noght ye feele into your hairt 
 
 The Ciprian torch e, vnles more malapairt 
 
 Then Lais commoun quean, ye blow abrod 
 
39 L' V R A X I E. 
 
 Par le monde abufe vostre impudique fiamme ? 
 
 Ne vous suffit il pas de croupir en delices. 
 Sans que vous corrompiez, par vos nombres charmeurs, 
 Du lecteur indifcret les peu-con(lantes mceurs, 
 Luy failant embrafeer pour les vertus les vices ? 
 
 Les tons, nombres, et chants, dont fe iait rharmoiiie, 
 Qui rend le vers fi beau, ont fur nous tel pouuoir, 
 Que les plus durs Catons ils peuuent elinouuoir, 
 Agitant nos efprits d'xTie douce manie. 
 
 Ainfi que le cachet dedans la cire forme 
 Prefque vn autre cachet, le Poete f^auant, 
 Va fi bien dans nos coeurs fes paflions grauant. 
 Que prefque I'auditeur en I'auteur fe tranfforme. 
 
 Car la force des vers, qui fecrettement gliffe, 
 Par des fecrets conduits, dans nos entendemens, 
 Y empreint tons les bons et mauuais mouuemens. 
 Qui font reprefentez par vn docle artifice. 
 
 Et c'efl pourquoy Platon hors de fa Republique 
 Chaffoit les efcriuains, qui fouloient par leurs vers 
 Rendre mefchans les bons, plus peruers les peruers, 
 Sapans par leurs beaux mots I'honneflete publique. 
 
 Non ceux qui dans leurs chants marioient les beaux 
 Auec les beaux fuiets : ore entonnans le los [termes 
 Du iuste foudroyeur : ore d'\Ti laint propos, 
 Seruans aux defuoyez et de guides et d'Hermes. 
 
 Profanes efcriuains, voflre impudique rime. 
 Eft caufe, que Ton met nos chantres mieux-dilans 
 Au rang des bafteleurs, des boufons, des plailans : 
 Et qu' encore moins qu'eux le peuple les eflime. 
 
 Vos faites de Clion vne Thais impure : 
 D'Helicon \ti bordeau : vous faites impudens, 
 Par vos lafcifs difcours, que les peres prudens 
 Deffendent k leurs fils des carmes la ledhire. 
 
 Mais fi foulans aux pieds la deite volage, 
 Qui blece de ces traits vos idolatres coeurs, 
 Vous vouliez employer vos plus faincles fureurs 
 A faire voir en France vn facre-laincl ouurage. 
 
 Chacun vous priferoit, comme eftans fecretaires, 
 Et miniilrcs lacrez du Roy de 1 \Tiiuers. 
 
THEVRANIE. 31 
 
 But fhame, athort the world, your (haraeles god ? 
 
 Abufers, flaikes it not to lurk in lufl, 
 
 Without ye fmit with charming nombers iufl 
 
 The fickle maners of the reader flight, 
 
 In making him embrace, for day, the night ? 
 
 The harmony of nomber tone and fong. 
 
 That makes the verfe fo fair, it is fo flrong yj 
 
 Ouer vs, as hardefl Ca^os it will moue. 
 
 With fpreits aflought, and fweete tranfported loue. 
 
 For as into the wax the feals imprent 
 
 Is lyke a feale, right fo the Poet gent, 
 
 Doeth graue fo vine in vs his paflions flrange, 
 
 As maks the reader, halfe in author change. 
 
 For verfes force is fic, that foftly flydes 
 
 Throw fecret poris, and in our fences bydes, 
 
 As makes them haue both good and euill imprented, 
 
 Which by the learned works is reprefented. 
 
 And therefore Plates, common wealth did pack 
 
 None of thefe Poets, who by verfe did make 
 
 The goodmen euill, and the wicked worfe, 
 
 Whofe pleafaunt words betraied the publick corfe. 
 
 Not thofe that in their fongs good tearmes alwaife 
 
 loynd with fair Thems : whyles thundring out the praife 
 
 Of God, iufl Thundrer : whyles with holy fpeache, 
 
 Lyke Hermes did the way to flrayers teache. 
 
 Your fliameles rymes, are caufe, 6 Scrybes prophane, 
 
 That in the lyke opinion we remaine 
 
 With luglers, bufifons, and that foolifli feames : 
 
 Yea les then them, the people of vs efleames. 
 
 For Clio ye put Thais vyle in vre. 
 
 For Helicon a bordell. Ye procure 
 
 By your lafciuious fpeache, that fathers fage 
 
 Defends verfe reading, to their yonger age. 
 
 But lightleing * yon fleing godhead flight, Cupide 
 
 Who in Idolatrous breafls his darts hath pight. 
 
 If that ye would imploy your holy traunce. 
 
 To make a holy hallowde worke in Fraunce : 
 
 Then euery one wolde worthy fcribes you call, 
 
 And holy feruants to the King of all. 
 
32 1/ V RANI E. 
 
 Chacun reuereroit comme oracles vos vers : 
 
 Et les grands commettroient en vos mains lenre affaires. 
 
 La liaifon des vers fut iadis inuentee 
 Seulement pour traitter les myfleres facrez 
 Auec plus de refpedl : et de long temps apres 
 Par les carmes ue fut autre chofe chantee. 
 
 Ainfi mon grand Dauid fur la corde tremblante 
 De fon luth tout-diuin ne fonne rien que Dieu, 
 Ainfi le conducleur de I'exercite Hebrieu, 
 Sauue des rouges flots, le los du grand Dieu chante. 
 
 Ainfi ludith, Delbore, au milieu des genfd'annes, 
 Ainfi lob, leremie, accablez de douleurs, 
 D vn carme bigarre' de cent mille couleurs 
 Defcriuoient faintement leurs ioyes, et leurs larmes. 
 
 Voyla pourquoy Satan, qui fin se tranffigure 
 En Ange de clarte' pour nous enforceler, 
 Ses preftres et fes dieux faifoit iadis parler, 
 Non d vne libre language, ains par nombre, et mefure. 
 
 Ainfi, fous Apollon la folle Phcemonoe 
 En hexametres vers fes oracles chantoit : 
 Et, par douteux propos, cauteleufe affrontoit 
 Non le Grec feulement, ains I'lbere, et I'Eoe. 
 
 Ainfi 1 antique voix en Dodone adoree, 
 Aefculape, et Ammon en vers prophetizoient, 
 Les Sibylles en vers le futur predifoient, 
 Et les preflres prioient en oraifon nombrde. 
 
 Ainfi Line, Hefiode, et celuy dont la lyre 
 Oreilloit, comme on dit, les rocs, et les foreft^, 
 Oferent autrefois les plus diuins fecrets 
 De leur profond fgauoir en doctes vers efcrire. 
 
 Vous qui tant defirez vos fronts de laurier ceindre, 
 Oh pourriez vous trouuer vn champ plus fpacieux, 
 Que le los de celuy qui tient le frein des cieux. 
 Qui fait trembler les monts, qui fait I'Erebe craindre? 
 
 Ce fuiet est de vray la Come d abondance, 
 C'eft vn grand magazin riche en difcours faconds, 
 C'efl vn grand Ocean, qui n'a riue, ny fonds, 
 Vn furjon immortel de diuine eloquence. 
 
 L'humble fuiet ne peut qu'humble difcours produire: 
 
THEVRANIE. 33 
 
 Echone your verfe for oracles wolde take, 
 And great men of their counfell wolde you make. 
 The verfes knitting was found out and tryit, 
 For finging only holy myfleries by it 
 With greater grace. And efter that, were pend 
 Longtyme no verfe, but for that only end. 
 Euen fo my Dauid on the trembling firings 
 Of heauenly harps, Gods only praife he fmgs. 
 Euen fo the 'leader of the Hebrew hofl 
 Gods praife did fing vpon the Redfea cod 
 So Iiidith and Delbor in the foldiers throngs. 
 So lob and leremie, preafl with woes and wrongs. 
 Did right defcryue their ioyes, their woes and torts, 
 In variant verfe of hundreth thoufand forts. 
 And therefore crafty Sathan, who can feame 
 An Angell of light, to witch vs in our dreame, 
 He caufde his gods and preefts of olde to fpeake 
 By nomber and meafure, which they durfl not breake. 
 So fond Phoemono'e vnder Apollos wing, 
 Her oracles Hexameter did fmg : 
 With doubtfum talk fhe craftely begylde. 
 Not only Grece, but Spaine and hides fhe fylde. 
 That olde voce ferude in Dodon, fpak in verfe. 
 So ^fadap did, and fo did Amman fearfe. 
 So Sybih's tolde in verfe, what was to come : 
 The Preefls did pray by nombers, all and fome. 
 So Hefiod, L'uie, and he* whofe Lute they fay, Orpheus 
 Made rocks and forrefls come to heare him play, 
 Durfl well their heauenly fecrets all difcloes. 
 In learned verfe, that foftly flydes and goes. 
 O ye that wolde your browes with Laurel bind, 
 What larger feild I pray you can you find. 
 Then is his praife, who brydles heauens mofl cleare, 
 Maks mountaines tremble, and howefl hells to feare ? 
 That is a home of plenty well repleat : 
 That is a florehoufe riche, a learning feat. 
 An Ocean hudge, both lacking fhore and ground, 
 Of heauenly eloquence a fpring profound. 
 From fubiedls bafe, a bafe difcours dois fpring, 
 c 
 
34 L'VRANIE. 
 
 Mais le graue fuiet de foymefme produit 
 Graues et malles mots : de fo}Tnefmes il luit, 
 Et fait le faindl honneur de fon chantre reluire. 
 
 Or done fi vous voulez apres vos cendres viure, 
 N'imitez Eroflrat, qui pour \aure, brufla 
 Le temple Ephefien : ou celuy qui moula, 
 Pour eflendre fon nom, vn cruel veau de cuiure. 
 
 Ne >'ueillez employer voflre rare artifice 
 A chanter la Cyprine. et fon fils emplume : 
 Car il vaut beaucoup mieux n'eflre point renommd, 
 Que fe voir renomme pour raifon de fon vice. 
 
 Vierges font les neuf foeurs, qui dancent fur Pamaffe, 
 Vierge voftre Pallas : et \-ierge ce beau corps 
 Qu' vn fleuue N-it changer fur les humides bords 
 En I'arbre tout-iour vert, qui vous cheueux enlace. 
 
 Confacrez moy plulloft. cefle rare eloquence 
 .\ chanter hautement les miracles compris 
 Dans le facre fueillet : et de vos beaux efprits 
 Verfez Ik, mes amis, toute la quinte-effence. [melle 
 
 Que Chrift, comme Homme-Dieu, foit la croupe iu- 
 Sur qui vous fommeillez. Que pour cheual aild 
 L'Efprit du Trois-fois grand, d vn blanc pigeon voile, 
 Vous face ruifseler vne fource immortelle. 
 
 Tout ouurage excellent la memoire eternize 
 De ceux qui tant foit peu trauaillent apres luy : 
 Le Maufolee a fait viure iufquauiourd huy 
 Timothee, Bn'ace, et Scope, et Artemife. 
 
 Hiram feroit fans nom, fans la lainte afsiflance 
 Qu'il fit au bafliment du temple d'Ifrael. 
 Et fans I'Arche de Dieu I'Hebrieu Befeleel 
 Seroit enfeueli fous etemel filence. 
 
 Et puis que la beaute de ces rares ouurages 
 Fait viure apres la mort tous ceux qui les ont faits, 
 Combien qu'auec le temps les plus feurs foient deffaits 
 Par rauines, par feux, par guerres, par orages. 
 
 Penfez, ie vous fuppli, combien fera plus belle 
 La louange, qu heureux, 9a bas vous acquerrez, 
 I-,ors que dans vos faints vers D i E v feul vous chanterez 
 Puis qu vn nom immortel vient de chofe immortelle. 
 
T H E V R A N I E. 35 
 
 A lofty fubie6l of it felfe doeth bring 
 
 Graue words and weghtie, of it felfe diiiine, 
 
 And makes the authors holy honour Ihine. 
 
 If ye wolde after afhes liue, bewaire, 
 
 To do lyke Erojlrat, who brunt the faire 
 
 EpJiefian temple, or him, to win a name, 
 
 " Who built of braffe, the crewell Calfe vntame. Peiiiius 
 
 Let not your art fo rare then be defylde, 
 
 In finging Venus and her fethred chyide : 
 
 For better it is without renowme to be, 
 
 Then be renowmde for vyle iniquitie. 
 
 Thofe nyne are Maides, that daunce vpon Parnaas ? 
 
 Leamd Pallas is a Virgin pure, lyke as 
 
 * Thatfair, whome waters changed on wattry banks Daphne 
 
 Into * that tre flill grene, your hair that hanks. Laureii 
 
 Then confecrat that eloquence mofl rair, 
 
 To fmg the lofty miracles and fair 
 
 Of holy Scripture : and of your good ingyne, 
 
 Poure out, my frends, there your fift-eflence fyne. 
 
 Let Chrifl, both God and man your Twinrock be, 
 
 Whome on ye flepe : for that *hors who did fle, Pegasus 
 
 Speak of that *thryfe great fpreit, whofe dow mofl white 
 
 Mote make your fpring flow euer with delyte. Hoiyghost. 
 
 All excellent worke beare record euer fhall. 
 
 Of trauellers in it, though their paines be fmall. 
 
 The Maufole tombe the names did eternife 
 
 Of Scope, Timofheiis, Briace and Artcviife. 
 
 But Hirams holy help, it war vnknoAvne 
 
 What he in building Izraels Temple had fliowne, 
 
 Without Gods Ark Befeleel I ewe had bene 
 
 In euerlafl:ing filence buried clene. 
 
 Then, fince the bewty of thofe works mofl. rare 
 
 Hath after death made liue all them that ware 
 
 Their builders : though them felues with tyme be faildc, 
 
 By fpoils, by fyres, by warres, and tempefls quailde. 
 
 I pray you think, how mekle fairer fhall 
 
 Your happie name heirdowne be, when as all 
 
 Your holy verfe, great God alone fliall fmg, 
 
 Since praife immortall commes of endles thing. 
 
36 L' V R A N I E. 
 
 le f^ay que vous direz que les antiques fables 
 Sont I'ame de vos chants, que ces contes diuers, 
 LVn de 1 autre naiffans, peuuent rendre vos vers 
 Beaucoup plus que I'hifloire au vulgaire admirables. 
 
 Mais oil peut on trouuer chofes plus merueilleufes 
 Que celles de la Foy? he ! quel autre argument 
 Auec plus de tefmoins noflre raifon defment, 
 Qui rabat plus I'orgueil des ames curieufes ? 
 
 I'aymeroy mieux chanter la tour Affyrienne, 
 Que les trois monts Gregeois I'vn defius I'autre entez 
 Pour dethrolner du ciel les dieux efpouuantez : 
 Et I'onde de Xoe, que la Deucalienne. 
 
 I'aymeroy mieux chanter le changement fubite 
 Du Monarque d'Aflur, que de I'Arcadien, 
 Et le viure fecond du faint Bethanien, 
 Que le recolement des membres d'Hippolite. 
 
 L'vn de plaire au ledleur tant feulement fe mefle, 
 Et I'autre feulement tafche de profiter : 
 Mais feul celuy 1^ peut le laurier meriter, 
 Qui, fage, le profit auec le plaifir mefle. 
 
 Les plus beaux promenoirs font pres de la marine, 
 Et le nager plus fuer pres des riuages verds :• 
 Et le fage Efcriuain n'efloigne dans fes vers 
 Le f9auoir du plaifir, le ieu de la do<flrine. 
 
 Vous tiendrez done ce rang en chantant chofes telles : 
 Car enfeignans autruy, vous mefmes apprendrez 
 La reigle de bien viure : et bien-heureux, rendrez 
 Autant que leurs fuiets, vos chanfons immortelles. 
 
 Laiflez raoy done h. part ces fables furannees : 
 Mes amis, laiflez moy cefl infolent Archer, 
 Qui les cceurs otieux peut feulement brefcher, 
 Et plus ne foyent par vous les Mufes profanees. 
 
 Mais las ! en vain ie crie, en vain, las ! ie ra enroue ; 
 Car 1 vn, pour ne fe voir conuaincu par mon chant, 
 Va, comme vn fin afpic, fon oreille bouchant : 
 L'autre Epicurien, de mes difcours fe ioue. 
 
 L'autre pour quelque temps fe range en mon efchole 
 Mais le monde enchanteur foudain le me fouft.rait, 
 Et ce difcours facre, qui les feuls bons attrait, 
 
THEVRANIE. 37 
 
 I know that ye will fay, the auncient rabies 
 Decores your fongs, and that * thofe dyuers fables, Metamor 
 Ilk bred of other, doeth your verfes mak p^°^^^ 
 
 More loued tlien floryes by the vulgar pack. 
 But where can there more wondrous things be found, 
 Then thofe of faith ? 6 fooles, what other ground, 
 AVith witnes mo, our reafons quyte improues. 
 Beats doun our pryde, that curious queflions moues ? 
 I had farr rather Babell tower forthfett, o^^a Pin- 
 
 Then the *thre Grecian hilles on others plett, oiympus 
 To pull doun gods afraide, and in my moode, 
 Sing Noes rather then Daicalions floode. 
 I had far rather fing the fuddaine change Nabuchad 
 
 Of Affurs monark, then of Areas flrange. "^^'^'■• 
 Of the* Bethaniens holy lecond liuing, Lazarus. 
 
 Then Hippolitts with members glewde reuiuing. 
 To pleafe the Reader is the ones whole cair, 
 The vther for to proffite mair and mair : 
 But only he ol Latn-ell \% conding, 
 Who wyfely can with proffit, pleafure ming. 
 The fairefl walking on the Sea coafl bene. 
 And fuireft fwimming where the braes are grene : 
 So, wyfe is he, who in his verfe can haue 
 Skill mixt with pleafure, fports with do6lrine graue. 
 In fmging kepe this order fhowen you heir, 
 Then ye your felf, in teaching men fliall leir 
 The rule of liuing well, and happely fliall 
 Your fongs make, as your thems immortall all. 
 No more into thofe oweryere lies delyte, 
 My freinds, call of that infolent archer quyte. 
 Who only may the ydle harts furpr}'fe : 
 Prophane no more the Mufes with yon crj^es. 
 But oh ! in vaine, with crying am I horce : 
 For lo, where one, noght caring my fongs force. 
 Goes lyke a crafty fnaik, and fl.oppes his eare : 
 The other godles, mocks and will not heare. 
 Ane other at my fchoole abydes a fpace. 
 While charming Avorld withdrawe him from that place : 
 So that difcours, that maks good men reiofe, 
 
38 L' V R A N I E. 
 
 Entre par vne aureille, et par I'autre s'envoUe. 
 
 Las ! ie n en voy pas \ti qui fes deux yeux defsille 
 Du bandeau da Venus, et d vn profane fiel 
 De fes carmes dorez ne corrompe le miel : 
 Bien que de bons efprits noftre France fourmille. 
 
 Mais toy, mon cher naignon, que la Neufuaine faindte 
 Qui de Pegafe boit le furjon perennel, 
 Fit le facre fonneur du los de TEternel, 
 Mefme auant que de toy ta mere fufl. enceinte : 
 
 Bien que cest argument femble vne maigre lande, 
 Que les meilleurs efprits ont en friche laifse, 
 Ne fois pour 1 auenir de ce trauail lafse : 
 Car plus la glorie efl. rare, et tant plus elle ell grande. 
 
 Salvste, ne perds coeur fi tu vois que 1 Enuie 
 Aille abbayant, maligna, apres ton los naiflant : 
 Ne crain que fous fes pieds elle aille tapiflant 
 Les vers que tu feras, comme indignes de vie. 
 
 Ce monllre blece-honneur reffemble la Mafline, 
 Qui iappe contre ceux qui font nouueau venus, 
 Pardonnant toutesfois k ceux qui font cognus, 
 Curtoife enuers ceux cy, enuers ceux la mutine. 
 
 Ce monflre femble encor vne fameufe nue, 
 Que le naiflant Vulcan prefse de toutes pars, 
 Pour, noire, 1 efloufFer de fes ondeux brouillars : 
 Mais ou plus ce feu croifl, plus elle diminue. 
 
 Sui done (mon cher fouci) ce chemin non froyable 
 Que par ceux, que le ciel, liberal, veut benir, 
 Et ie iure qu en brief ie te feray tenir 
 Entre les bons efprits quelque rang honorable. 
 
 Cell par ce beau difcours que la Mufe celefle 
 Tenant vne couronne en fa pucelle main, 
 Attire h foy mon coeur d vn tranfport plus qu'humain, 
 Tant bien h. fes doux mots elle adioufte vn doux gefle. 
 
 Depuis, ce feul amour dans mes veines bouillonne: 
 Depuis, ce feul vent foufle es toiles de ma nef : 
 Bien-heureux fi ie puis non pofer fur mon chef, 
 Ains du doigt feulement toucher cefle couronne. 
 
 FINIS. 
 
THEVRANIE. 39 
 
 At one eare enters, and at the other goes. 
 Alas, I fe not one vnvaill his ene 
 From Vetms vaill and gal prophane, that bene 
 To golden honnied verfe, the only harme, 
 Although our France with lofty fprits doth fwarme. 
 But thou my deir one, whome the holy Nyne, 
 Who yearly drinks Fegafis fountaine fyne, 
 The great gods holy fongfler had receiued, 
 Yea, euen before thy mother the conceiued. 
 Albeit this fubie6l feame a barren ground. 
 With quickefl fpreits left ley, as they it found, 
 Irk not for that heirefter of thy paine, 
 Thy glore by rairnes greater fhall remaine. 
 
 Salujl, lofe not heart, though pale Inuye 
 Bark at thy praife increafing to the fkye, 
 Feare not that fhe tread vnder foote thy verfe. 
 As if they were vnworthie to reherfe. 
 
 This monfler honnors-hurt is lyke the curr, 
 That barks at flrangers comming to the durr, 
 But fparing alwaies thofe are to him knowin, 
 To them mofl gentle, to the others throwin. 
 This monfler als is lyke a rauing cloude, 
 Which threatnes alwayis kendling Vulcan loude. 
 To fmore and drowne him, with her powring raine, 
 Yet force of fyre repellis her power againe. 
 Then follow furth, my fonne, that way unfeard, 
 Of them whom in fre heauens gift hath appeard. 
 And heare I fweare, thou fhortly fhall refaue 
 Some noble rank among good fpreits and graue. 
 This heauenly Miife by fuch difcourfes fair, 
 Who in her Virgin hand a riche crowne bair : 
 So drew to her my heart, fo farr tranfported, 
 And with fwete grace, fo fwetely flie exhorted : 
 As fmce that loue into my braines did brew, 
 And fmce that only wind my fhipfailles blew, 
 
 1 thought me blefl, if I might only clame 
 
 To touche that crown, though not to weare the fame. 
 
 FINIS. 
 
ANE METAPHORICALL 
 
 INVENTION OF A TRAGEDIE 
 
 CALLED Phoenix. 
 
 A Colomne of i8 lynes feruing for a Preface 
 to the Tragedie enfuyng. 
 
 I Elf I 
 
 2 Echo 2 
 
 3 help, that both 3 
 
 4 together we, 4 
 
 5 Since caufe there be, may 5 
 
 6 now lament with tearis. My 6 
 
 7 mumefull yearis. Ye furies als 7 
 
 8 with him, Euen Pluto grim, who duells 8 
 
 9 in dark, that he. Since chief we fe him 9 
 
 10 to you all that beans The flyle men fearis of 10 
 
 II Dirse, I requeft, Eche greizlie gheft that dwells II 
 
 12 beneth the fee. With all yon thre, whofe hairs are fnaiks 12 
 
 12 full blew, And all your crew, aflift me in thir twa : 12 
 
 II Repeit and (ha my Tragedie full neir. The II 
 
 10 chance fell heir, then fecundlie is heft, Deuills 10 
 
 9 void of reft, ye moue all that it reid, 9 
 
 8 With me in deid lyke dolour them 8 
 
 7 to griv', I then will liv' in 7 
 
 6 leffer greif therebj. Kyth 6 
 
 5 heir and try your force 5 
 
 4 ay bent and quick, 4 
 
 3 Excell in 3 
 
 2 fik like 2 
 
 I ill, r 
 
 and mume with 
 
 me. From Delphos f)Tie 
 
 Apollo cum with fpeid : Whofe 
 
 fhining light my cairs will dim in deid. 
 

 
 :{}: The expanfion of the 
 former Colomne. 
 
 E -If Echo help, that both together w E 
 
 (S ince caufe there be) may now lament with teari S 
 
 M y murnefuU yearis. Ye furies als with hi M 
 
 E uen Pluto grim, who dwels in dark, that h E 
 
 S ince cheif we fe him to you all that beari S 
 
 T he llyle men fearis of Dirse : I requef T 
 
 E che greizlie ghefl, that dwells beneth the S E 
 
 W ith all yon thre, whofe hairis ar fnaiks full Lie W 
 
 A nd all your crew, affifl me in thir tw A 
 
 R epeit and fha my Tragedie full nei R 
 
 T he chance fell heir. Then fecoundlie is bef T 
 
 D euils void of refl, ye moue all that it rei D 
 
 W ith me, indeid, lyke dolour thame to gri V 
 
 I then will liv', in leffer greif therebi I 
 
 K ythe heir and trie, your force ay bent and quic K 
 
 E xcell in fik lyke ill, and murne with m E 
 From Delphos fyne Apollo cum with fpeid, 
 Whofe fhining light my cairs wil dim in deid. 
 
PHOENIX. 
 
 HE dyuers falls, that Fortune geuis 
 to men, 
 By turning ouer her quheill to their 
 
 annoy, 
 \Mien I do heare them grudge, 
 
 although they ken 
 That old blind Dame, delytes to let 
 the ioy 
 
 Of all, fuche is her vfe, which dois conuoy 
 Her quheill by gefs : not looking to the right, 
 Bot Hill tumis vp that pairt quhilk is too light. 
 
 Thus quhen I hard fo many did complaine. 
 Some for the lofle of worldly wealth and geir. 
 Some death of frends, quho can not come againe : 
 Some lofle of health, which vnto all is deir. 
 Some lofle of fame, which flill with it dois beir 
 Ane greif to them, who raereits it indeid : 
 Yet for all thir appearis there fome remeid. 
 
 For as to geir, lyke chance has made you want it, 
 
 Reftore you may the fame againe or mair. 
 
 For death of frends, although the fame (I grant it) 
 
 Can noght retume, yet men are not fo rair, 
 
 Bot ye may get the lyke. For feiknes fair 
 
 Your health may come : or to ane better place 
 
 Ye mull. For fame, good deids will mend difgrace. 
 
P H OE N I X. 43 
 
 Then, fra I faw (as I already told) 
 
 How men complaind for things whilk might amend, 
 
 How Dauid Lindfay did complaine of old 
 
 His FaJ>ingo, her death, and fudden end, 
 
 Ane common foule, whofe kinde be all is kend. 
 
 All thefe hes moved me prefently to tell 
 
 Ane Tragedie, in griefs thir to excell. 
 
 For I complaine not of fic common cace, 
 
 Which diuerfly by diuers means dois fall : 
 
 But I lament my PhcBJiix rare, whofe race, 
 
 Whofe kynde, whofe kin, whofe offpring, they be all 
 
 In her alone, whome I the Phcenix call. 
 
 That fowle which only one at onis did liue. 
 
 Not hues, alas ! though I her praife reviue. 
 
 In Arabic cald Falix was (he bredd 
 
 This foule, excelling Iris farr in hew. 
 
 Whofe body whole, with purpour was owercledd, 
 
 Whofe taill of coulour was celefliall blew. 
 
 With (karlat pennis that through it mixed grew : 
 
 Her craig was like the yallowe burniftit gold. 
 
 And flie her felf thre hundreth yeare was old. 
 
 She might haue liued as long againe and mair. 
 
 If fortune had not flayde dame Naturs will : 
 
 Six hundreth yeares and fourtie was her fcair, 
 
 Which Nature ordained her for to fulfill. 
 
 Her natiue foile fhe hanted euer Hill, 
 
 Except to Egypt whiles fhe tooke her courfe. 
 
 Wherethrough great Nylus down runs from his fourfe. 
 
 Like as ane hors, when he is barded haile. 
 An fethered pannach fet vpon his heid. 
 Will make him feame more braue : Or to aflaile 
 The enemie, he that the troups dois leid, 
 Ane pannache on his healme will fet in deid : 
 Euen fo, had Nature, to decore her face ; 
 Giuen her ane tap, for to augment her grace. 
 
44 P H OE N I X. 
 
 In quantitie, fhe dois refemble neare 
 Vnto the foule of mightie loue, by name 
 The AEgle calld : oft in the time of yeare, 
 She vfde to foir, and flie through diuers realme, 
 Out through the Azure fkyes, whill fhe did fhame 
 The Sunne himfelf, her coulour was fo bright, 
 Till he abafliit beholding fuch a light. 
 
 Thus whill fhe v'fde to fcum the fkyes about, 
 At lad flie chanced to fore out ower the fee 
 Calld Mare Rubrum : yet her courfe held out 
 Whill that flie pafl. whole Afie. Syne to flie 
 To Europe fmall flie did refolue : To drie 
 Her voyage out, at lafl flie came in end 
 Into this land, ane fl.ranger heir vnkend. 
 
 Ilk man did maruell at her forme mofl rare 
 
 The winter came, and ftorms cled all the feild : 
 
 Which ftorms, the land of fruit and come made bare. 
 
 Then did flie flie into an houfe for beild, 
 
 Which from the ftorms might faue her as an flieild. 
 
 There, in that houfe flie firft began to tame, 
 
 I came, fyne tooke her furth out of the fame. 
 
 Fra I her gat, yet none could gefs what fort 
 Of foule fhe was, nor from what countrey cum : 
 Nor I my felf : except that be her port. 
 And gliftring hewes I knew the fhe was fum 
 Rare ftranger foule, which oft had vfde to fcum 
 Through diuers lands, delyting in her flight ; 
 Which made vs fee, fo ftrange and rare a fight. 
 
 Whill at the laft, I chanced to call to minde 
 How that her nature, did refemble neir 
 To that of Phoenix which I red. Her kinde, 
 Her hewe, her fliape, did mak it plaine appeir, 
 She was the fame, which now was lighted heir. 
 This made me to efteme of her the more, 
 Her name and rarenes did her fo decore. 
 
P H OE N I X. 45 
 
 Thus being tamed, and throughly weill acquent. 
 She took delyte (as (he was wount before) 
 What tyme that Titan with his beames vpfprent, 
 To take her flight, amongs the fkyes to foire. 
 Then came to her of fowhs, a woundrous flore 
 Of diuers kinds, fome hmple fowhs, fome ill 
 And rauening fowlis, whilks fmiple onis did kill. 
 
 And euen as they do fwarme about their king 
 The hunnie Bees, that works into the hyue : 
 When he delyts furth of the fkepps to fpring, 
 Then all the leaue will follow him belyue, 
 Syne to be nixt him biffelie they flriue : 
 So, all thir fowlis did follow her with beir, 
 For loue of her, fowlis rauening did no deir. 
 
 Such was the loue, and reuerence they her bure, 
 Ilk day whill euen, ay whill they fliedd at night. 
 Fra time it darkned, I was euer fure 
 Of her returne, remaining whill the light, 
 And Phcebiis ryfing with his garland blight. 
 Such was her tnieth, fra time that (he was tame, 
 She, who in brightnes Titans felf did (hame. 
 
 By vfe of this, and banting it, at lafl 
 
 She made the foules, fra time that I went out, 
 
 Aboue my head to flie, and follow fad 
 
 Her, who was chief and leader of the rout. 
 
 When it grew lait, fhe made them flie, but doubt, 
 
 Or feare, euen in the cloffe with her of will, 
 
 Syne (he her felf, perkt in my chalmer flill. 
 
 When as the countreys round about did heare 
 Of this her byding in this countrey cold, 
 Which not but hills, and darknes ay dois beare, 
 (And for this caufe was Scotia calld of old,) 
 Her lyking here, when it was to them told. 
 And how (lie greind not to go backe againe : 
 The loue they bure her, turnd into difdaine. 
 
4<*- P H OE N 1 X. 
 
 Lo, here the fruicTls, whilks of Inuy dois breid. 
 To harme them all, who vertue dois irabrace. 
 Lo, here ihe fruicls, from her whilks dois proceid, 
 To harme them all, that be in better cace 
 Then others be. So followed they the trace 
 Of proud Inuy, thir countreyis lying neir, 
 That fuch a foule, (hould lyke to tary heir. 
 
 \Vhill Fortoun at the lad, not onely moued 
 Itmy to this, which could her not content, 
 Whill that Jtiuy, did feafe fom foules that loued 
 Her anis as femed : but yet their ill intent 
 Kythed, when they faw all other foules flill bent 
 To follow her, mifknowing them at all. 
 This made them worke her vndeferued fall. 
 
 Thir were the rauening fowls, whome of I fpak 
 Before, the whilks (as I already fhew) 
 Was wount into her prefence to hald bak 
 Their crueltie, from fimples ones, that flew 
 With her, ay whill Imty all feare withdrew. 
 Thir ware, the Rauin, the Staindiell, and the Gled, 
 With others kynds, whom in this malice bred. 
 
 Fra Malice thus was rooted be Inuy, 
 In them as fone the awin effedls did fhaw. 
 Which made them fyne, vpon ane day, to fpy 
 And wait till that, as fhe was wount, (he flaw 
 Athort the flcyes, fyne did they neir her draw, 
 Among the other fowlis of d}aiers kynds. 
 Although they ware farr diflbnant in mjTids. 
 
 For where as they ware wount her to obey, 
 
 Their m)-nde farr contrair then did plaine appeare. 
 
 For then they made her as a commoun prey 
 
 To them, of whome fhe looked for no deare, 
 
 They flrake at her fo bitterly, whill feare 
 
 Stayde other fowlis to preis for to defend her 
 
 From thir ingrate, whilks now had clene miflcend her. 
 
P H OE N I X, 47 
 
 When file could find none other faue refuge 
 From thefe their bitter ilraiks, fhe fled at lafl. 
 To me ( as if flie wolde wifhe me to iudge 
 The wrong they did her ) yet they followed fafl 
 Till file betuix my leggs her felfe did caft. 
 For fauing her from thefe, which her opprefl, 
 Whofe hote purfute, her fufifred not to refl. 
 
 Bot yet at all that ferved not for remeid, 
 For noghttheles, they fpaird her not a haire 
 In flede of her, yea whyles they made to bleid 
 My leggs : ( fo grew their malice mair and mair ) 
 Which made her both to rage and to difpair, 
 Firfl, that but caufe they did her fuch difliort : 
 Nixt, that file laked help in any fort. 
 
 Then hauing tane ane dry and wethered flra, 
 
 In deip difpair, and in ane lofty rage 
 
 She fprang vp heigh, outfleing euery fa : 
 
 Syne to Panchaia came, to change her age 
 
 Vpon Apollos altar, to aflwage 
 
 With outward fyre her inward raging fyre : 
 
 Which then was all her cheif and whole defyre. 
 
 Then being carefull, the event to know 
 Of her, who homeward had returnde againe 
 Where fhe was bred, where flomis dois neuer blow, 
 Nor bitter blafls, nor winter fnows, nor raine, 
 But fomnier flill : that countray doeth fo flaine 
 All realmes in fairnes. There in hade I fent, 
 Of her to know the yflew and event. 
 
 The meffmger went there into fie hafte, 
 As could permit the farrnes of the way. 
 By croffing ower fa mony countreys wafle 
 Or he come there. Syne with a lytle flay 
 Into that land, drew homeward euery day : 
 In his returne, lyke diligence he fhew 
 As in his going there, through realmes anew. 
 
48 P H OE N I X. 
 
 Fra he retumd, then fone without delay 
 I fpeared at him, ( the certeantie to try ) 
 What word of Phcenix which was flown away ? 
 And if through all the lands he could her fpy, 
 Where through he went, I bad him not deny, 
 But tell the trueth, yea whither good or ill 
 Was come of her, to wit it was my will. 
 
 He tolde me then, how fhe flew bale againe, 
 Where fra fhe came, and als he did receit, 
 How in Panchaia toun, fhe did remaine 
 On P/icebiis alter, there for to compleit 
 With Thus and Myrrh, and other odours fweit 
 Of flowers of dyuers kyndes, and of Incens 
 Her nefl. With that he left me in fufpens. 
 
 Till that I charged him no wayes for to fpair, 
 
 Bot prefently to tell me out the refl^. 
 
 He tauld me then. How Titans garland thair 
 
 Inflamde be heate, reflexing on her nefl., 
 
 The withered flra, which when flie was opprell 
 
 Heir be yon fowlis, flie bure ay whill fhe came 
 
 There, fyne aboue her nefl (he laid the lame. 
 
 And fyne he tolde, how flie had fuch defyre 
 To bume her felf, as fhe fat downe therein. 
 Syne how the Sunne the withered flra did fyre. 
 Which brunt her nefl, her fethers, bones, and flcin 
 All turnd in afti. Whofe end dois now begin 
 My woes : her death maks lyfe to greif in me. 
 She, whome I rew my eyes did euer fee. 
 
 O deuills of darknes, contraire vnto light, 
 
 In Phoebus fowle, how could ye get fuch place, 
 
 Since ye are hated ay be Phoebus bright ? 
 
 For ft,ill is fene his light dois darknes chace. 
 
 But yet ye went into that fowle, whofe grace, 
 
 As Phoebus fowle, yet ward the Sunne him fell. 
 
 Her light his flaind, whome in all light dois dwell. 
 
P H OE N I X. 49 
 
 And thou ( 6 Phoenix ) why was thow fo moued 
 
 Thow foule of hght, be enemies to thee, 
 
 For to forget thy heauenly hewes, whilkis loued 
 
 Were baith by men and fowhs that did them fee ? 
 
 And fyne in hewe of aflie that they fould bee 
 
 Conuerted all : and that thy goodly fliape 
 
 In Chaos fould, and noght the fyre efcape ? 
 
 And thow ( 6 reuthles Death) fould thow deuore 
 
 Her ? who not only paffed by all mens mynde 
 
 All other fowlis in hew, and fhape, but more 
 
 In rarenes ( fen there was none of her kynde 
 
 But flie alone ) whome with thy flounds thow pynde : 
 
 And at the lafl, hath perced her through the hart, 
 
 But reuth or pitie, with thy mortall dart. 
 
 Yet worft. of all, fhe lined not half her age. 
 
 Why flayde thou Tyme at leafl, which all dois teare 
 
 To worke with her? O what a cruel rage, 
 
 To cut her off, before her threid did weare ! 
 
 Wherein all Planets keeps their courfe, that yeare 
 
 It was not by the half yet worne away, 
 
 Which fould with her haue ended on a day. 
 
 Then fra thir newis, in forrows foped haill, 
 
 Had made vs both a while to holde our peace, 
 
 Then he began and faid, Pairt of my taill 
 
 Is yet vntolde, Lo here one of her race, 
 
 Ane worm bred of her afhe : Though fhe, alace, 
 
 (Said he) be brunt, this lacks but plumes and breath 
 
 To be lyke her, new gendred by her death. 
 
 Denvoy. 
 
 Apollo then, who brunt with thy reflex 
 Thine onely fowle, through loue that thou her bure, 
 Although thy fowle, (whofe name doth end in X) 
 Thy burning heate on nowayes could indure, 
 D 
 
50 P H OE N I X. 
 
 But brunt thereby : Yet will I the procure, 
 Late foe to F/icenix, now her freind to be : 
 Reuiuing her by that which made her die. 
 
 Draw farr from heir, mount heigh vp through the air. 
 
 To gar thy heat and beames be law and neir. 
 
 That in this countrey, which is colde and bair, 
 
 Thy gliflring beames als ardent may appeir 
 
 As they were oft in Arable : fo heir 
 
 Let them be now, to make ane PJuznix new 
 
 Euen of this worme of Phoenix afhe which grew. 
 
 This if thow dois, as fure I hope thou fhall, 
 My tragedie a comike end will haue : 
 Thy work thou hath begun, to end it all. 
 Els made ane worme, to make her out the laue. 
 This Epitaphe, then beis on Phoenix graue. 
 
 Here iyeth, whome too etien be Iter death and end 
 
 Apollo hath a longer lyfe her fend. 
 
 FINIS. 
 
A' PARAPHRASTICALL 
 
 TRANSLATION OVT OF 
 THE POETE LVCANE. 
 
 LVCANVS LIB. 
 
 Q V I N T O. 
 
 AEfaris an curfus vejlrce fenfire putatis 
 
 Damnum poffe fiig(zl Velutift, amHa minentur 
 Flumina, quos mifcent pelago, fubducere fontes : 
 Non magis ablatis vtiquam decreverit cequory 
 Qtiam mine crefcit aquis. An vos momenta putatis 
 Vila dediffe mihi 1 
 
 If all the floods amongfl them wold conclude 
 
 To flay their courfe from running in the fee : 
 
 And by that means wold thinke for to delude 
 
 The Ocean, who fould impaired be, 
 
 As they fuppofde, beleuing if that he 
 
 Did lack their floods, he fliould decreffe him fell : 
 
 Yet if we like the veritie to wye. 
 
 It pairs him nothing : as I fhall you telL 
 
52 LVCANVS LIB. V. 
 
 For out of him they are augmented all, 
 
 And mofl part creat, as ye fhall perfaue : 
 
 For when the Sunne doth fouk the vapours fmall 
 
 Forth of the feas, whilks them conteine and haue, 
 
 A part in winde, in wete and raine the laue 
 
 He render dois : which doth augment their flrands. 
 
 Of Neptwis woll a coate fjTie they him weaue, 
 
 By hurling to him fafl out ower the lands. 
 
 When all is done, do to him what they can 
 None can perfaue that they do fwell him mair. 
 I put the cafe then that they neuer ran : 
 Yet not thelefs that could him nowife pair : 
 What needs he then to count it, or to cair, 
 Except their folies wold the more be fhawin ? 
 Sen though they flay, it harmes him not a hair, 
 "VVTiat gain they, thogh they had their courfewithdrawen ? 
 
 So euen ficlike : Though fubie6ls do coniure 
 For to rebell againfl their Prince and King : 
 By ieauing him although they hope to fmure 
 That grace, wherewith God maks him for to ring, 
 Though by his gifts he fhaw him felfe bening. 
 To help their need, and make them thereby gaine : 
 Yet lack of them no harme to him doth bring, 
 When they to rewe their foHe fhalbe faine. 
 
 Lenuoy. 
 
 Then Floods runne on your wounted courfe of olde. 
 
 Which God by Nature dewly hes prouyded : 
 
 For though ye (lay, as I before haue tolde, 
 
 And cafl in doubt which God hath els decyded : 
 
 To be conioynde, by you to be deuyded : 
 
 To kythe your fpite, and do the Depe no flcaith : 
 
 Farre better were in others ilk confyded, 
 
 Ye Floods, thou Depe, whilks were your dewties baitlx 
 
 FINIS. 
 
AN E S C H O RT 
 
 TREATISE, 
 
 CONTEINING SOME REVLIS 
 
 and cautelis to be obferuit and 
 
 efchewit in Scottis 
 
 Foefie. 
 
 ♦ 
 
 * * * 
 
 ***** 
 
 « « « 
 
 A QVADRAIN OF ALEXANDRIN 
 
 VERSE, DECLARING TO QVHOME THE 
 Authoiir hes diredit his labour. 
 
 To igrioranfs obdurde, quhair mnlful errour lyis, 
 Nor zit to curious folks, quhilks carping dois. deiefl thee. 
 Nor zit to learned men, quha thinks thame onelie wyis, 
 Bot to the docile bairns of knavvledge I direH thee. 
 
THE PREFACE TO 
 
 the Reader. 
 
 [HE caufe why (docile Reader) I haue not 
 dedicat this fhort treatife to any particular 
 perfonis, (as commounly workis vlis to 
 be) is, that I efteme all thais quha hes 
 already fome beginning of knawledge, 
 wnth ane earnefl defyre to atteyne to farther, alyke 
 meit for the reading of this worke, or any vther, quhilk 
 may help thame to the atteining to thair foirfaid de:_ 
 fyre. Bot as to this work, quhilk is intitulit. The 
 Reulis and cautelis to be obferuit and efchnmit 171 Scottis 
 Poefie^ ze may maruell paraventure, quhairfore I fould 
 haue writtin in that mater, fen fa mony leamit men, 
 baith of auld and of late hes already written thairof in 
 d)'uers and fmdry languages : I anfwer, That nocht- 
 withllanding, I haue lykewayis WTittin of it, for twa 
 cauflis : The ane is. As for them that wrait of auld, 
 lyke as the tyme is changeit fenfyne, fa is the ordour 
 of Poefie changeit. For then they obferuit not Flow- 
 ing;, nor efchewit not Rymingin termes, befydes fmdrie 
 vther thingis, quhilk now we obferue, and efchew, and 
 dois weil in fa doing : becaufe that now, quhen the 
 warld is waxit auld, we haue all their opinionis in writ, 
 quhilk were learned before our tyme, befydes our awin 
 ingynis, quhair as they then did it onelie be thair awin 
 ing}'nis, but help of any vther. Thairfore, quhat I 
 fpeik of Poefie now, I fpeik of it, as being come to 
 mannis age and perfeclioun, quhair as then, it was bot 
 in the infancie and chyldheid. The vther caufe is, 
 That as for thame that hes written in it of late, there 
 hes neuer ane of thame ^\Titten in our language. For 
 albeit fmdrie hes written of it in Englifh, quhilk is lykeft 
 to our language, zit we differ from thame in fmdrie reulis 
 of Poefie, as ze will find be experience. I haue lyke- 
 wayis omittit dyuers figures, quhilkis are neceflare to 
 be vfit in verfe, for two caufis. The ane is, becaufe 
 they are vfit in all languages, and thairfore are fpokin 
 of be Du Bel/ay, and fmdrie vtheris, quha hes written 
 
THE PREFACE. 55 
 
 in this airt. Quhairfore gif I wrait of them alfo, it 
 fould feme that I did bot repete that, quhilk they 
 haue written, and zit not fa weil, as they haue done 
 already. The vther caufe is, that they are figures of 
 Rhetorique and Dialecflique, quhilkis airtis I profeffe 
 nocht, and thairfore will apply to my felfe the counfale, 
 quhilk Apelles gaue to the fhoomaker, quhen he faid to 
 him, feing-him find fait Avith the fliankis of the Image 
 of Venus, efter that he had found fait with the pantoun, 
 Ne fiitor vltra crepidam. 
 
 I will alfo wifli zow (docile Reidar) that or ze 
 cummer zow with reiding thir reulis, ze may find in 
 zour felf fic a beginning of Nature, as ze may put in 
 pra6life in zour verfe many of thir foirfaidis preceptis, 
 or euer ze fie them as they are heir fet doun. For gif 
 Nature be nocht the cheif worker in this airt, Reulis 
 wilbe bot a band to Nature, and will mak zow within 
 fliort fpace weary of the haill airt : quhair as, gif 
 Nature be cheif, and bent to it, reulis will be ane help 
 and flaff to Nature. I will end heir, left, my preface 
 be langer nor my purpofe and haill mater following : 
 wifhing zow, docile Reidar, als gude fucces and great 
 proffeit by reiding this fhort treatife, as I tuke earnift 
 and willing panis to blokjt, as ze fie, for zour caufe. 
 Fare weill. 
 
 I Haue infert in the hinder end of this Treatife, 
 main, kyndis of verfis quhilks are not cuttit or 
 brokin, bot alyke many feit in euerie lyne of the verfe, 
 and how they are commounlynamit,with myopinioun for 
 quhat fubie6lis ilk kynde of thir verfe is meiteft. to be vfit. 
 
 1^0 knaw the quantitie of zour lang or fhort fete in 
 they lynes, quhilk I haue put in the reule, 
 quhilk teachis zow to knaw quhat is Flowing, I haue 
 markit the lang fute with this mark, — and 
 abone the heid of the fhorte fute, I 
 haue put this mark w . 
 
56 
 
 SONNET OF THE AVTHOVR 
 
 TO THE READER. 
 
 JS^£n/or zour faik I tfryfe upon zour airf, 
 
 ^Jl Apollo, Pan, and ze o Mufis nyne, 
 
 "^^ And thou, d Mera/re, for to help thy pairt 
 
 J do implore, fen thou be thy ingyne, 
 
 Nixt efter Pan had found the quhiffill, fyne 
 
 Thou did perfyte, that quhilk he bot efpyit : 
 
 And efter that made Argus for to tyne 
 
 {guJui kepit Id) all his vi-indois by it. 
 
 Concurre ze Gods, it can not be deny it : 
 
 Sen in your airt of Poefie'I wryte. 
 
 Atild birds to learne by teiching it is tryit : 
 
 Sic docens ASiczns gtf ze help to dyte. 
 
 Thai Reidar fie of nature thou haue pairt, 
 Sytu laikis thou fwcht, bot heir to reid the airt. 
 
 m 
 
 SONNET DECIFRING 
 
 THE PERFYTE POETE. 
 
 . N'e rype ingyne, ane quick and imalkned witt, 
 rtipJL With fommair reafons, fuddenlie apply it, 
 ^=^ For euery purpofe ifing reafons fitt. 
 With fkilfulnes, i-vhere learning may befpyit, 
 With pithie wordis, for to expres zow by it 
 His full intention in his proper leid, 
 The puritie quhairof Weill lies he tryit : 
 With memorie to keip quhat he dois reid, 
 With fkilfulnes and figuris, quhilks proceid 
 From Rhetorique, zrcith euerlafiingfame. 
 With vthers v^oundring, preaffing it'ith all fpeid 
 For to atteine to meritefic a name. 
 All thir into the perfyte Poete be. 
 Goddis, grant I tnay obtcitu tlu Laurell trie. 
 
57 
 
 THE REVLIS AND CAV- 
 
 TELIS TO BE OBSERVIT 
 
 and efchewit in Scottis 
 
 Poefie. 
 
 CAP. I 
 
 IRST, ze fall kelp iuft cullouris, 
 quhairof the cautelis are thin 
 
 That ze ryme nocht twyfe in 
 ane fyllabe. As for exemple, that 
 ze make not/w/z^and repi'otie xyme. 
 together, nor hone for houeing on 
 hors bak, and behoue. 
 
 That ze ryme ay to the hinmefl 
 lang fyllable, (with accent) in the lyne, fuppofe it be 
 not the hinmefl fyllabe in the lyne, as bakbyte zow, 
 and out flyte zot'V, It rymes in byte and^yfe, becaufe 
 of the lenth of the fyllabe, and accent being there, and 
 not in zovv, howbeit it be the hinmefl fyllabe of 
 ather of the lynis. Or qtiejlion and digejlion, It rymes 
 in ques and ges, albeit they be bot the antepenult 
 fyllabis, and vther twa behind ilkane of thame. 
 
 Ze aucht alwayis to note, That as in thir foirfaidis, or 
 the lyke wordis, it rymes in the hinmefl lang fyllabe 
 in the lyne, althoucht there be vther fhort fyllabis be- 
 hind it, Sa is the hinmefl lang fyllabe the hinmefl 
 fute, fuppofe there be vther fliort fyllabis behind it, 
 quhilkis are eatin vp in the pronouncing, and na wayis 
 comptit as fete. 
 
 Ze man be war likewayis (except necefsitie compell 
 yow) with Ryming iti Termis, quhilk is to fay, that 
 your firfl or hinmefl word in the lyne, exceid not twa 
 or thre fyllabis at the maifl, vfmg thrie als feindill as 
 ye can. The caufe quhairfore ze fall not place a lang 
 word firfl in the lyne, is, that all lang words hes ane 
 
58 REVLIS AND CAVTELIS 
 
 fyllabe in them fa verie lang, as the lenth thairof eatis 
 vp in the pronouncing euin the vther fyllabes, quhilks ar 
 placit lang in the fame word, and thairfore fpillis the 
 flowing of that lyne. As for exemple, in this word, 
 Arabia, the fecond fyllable(rdt) is fa lang, that it eatis 
 vp in the prononcing [a'] quhilk is the hinmefl. fyllabe 
 of the fame word. Quhilk [a] althocht it be in a lang 
 place, zit it kythis not fa, becaufe of the great lenth of 
 the preceding fyllable (ra). As to the caufe quhy ze 
 fall not put a lang word hinmefl in the lyne, It is, be- 
 caufe, that the lenth of the fecound fyllabe {ra) eating 
 vp the lenth of the vther lang fyllabe, [^] makis it to 
 feme bot as a tayle vnto it, together \nth the fhort 
 fyllabe preceding. And becaufe this tayle nather fer- 
 uis for cuUour nor fute, as I fpak before, it man be 
 thairfore repetit in the nixt lyne r}ming vnto it, as it 
 is fet doune in the fu^ : quhilk makis, that ze will 
 fcarcely get many word is to ryme vnto it, zea, nane at 
 all will ze finde to ryme to fmdrie vther langer wordis. 
 Thairfore cheifly be warre of inferting fie lang wordis 
 hinmefl in the lyne, for the caufe quhilk I lafl allegit 
 Befydis that nather firfl nor lafl in the lyne, it keipis 
 na Floimi/ig. The reulis and cautelis quhairof are 
 thir, as foUowis. 
 
 CHAP. II. 
 
 IRST, ze man vnderRand that all fyllabis 
 are deuydit in thrie kindes : That is, 
 fome ichort, fome lang, and fome indiffer- 
 ent. Be indifferent I meane, they quhilk 
 ere ather lang or fhort, according as ze 
 place thame. 
 
 The forme of placeing fyllabes in verfe, is this. 
 That zour firfl fyllabe in the lyne be fliort, the 
 fecond lang, the thrid fhort, the fourt lang, the fyA 
 fhort, the fixt lang, and fa furth to the end of the 
 lyne. Alwayis tak heid, that the nomber of zour fete 
 
OF SCOTTIS POESIE. 59 
 
 in euery lyne be euin, and nocht odde : as four, fix, 
 aucht, or ten : and not thrie, fyiie, feuin, or nyne, 
 except it be in broken verfe, quhilkis are out of reul and 
 daylie inuentit be dyuers Poetis. Bot gif ze wald afk 
 me the reulis, quhairby to knaw euerie ane of thir thre 
 foirfaidis kyndis of fyllabes, I anfwer, Zour eare man 
 be the onely iudge and difcerner thairof And to 
 proue this, I remit to the iudgement of the fame, 
 quhilk of thir twa lynis following flowis befl, 
 
 fj — u — (J — \J — <J — 
 
 Ifiio the Sea then Lucifer vpfprang. 
 
 In the Sea then Lucifer to vfprang. 
 
 I doubt not bot zour eare makkis zou eafilie to 
 perfaue, that the firfl lyne flowis weil, and the vther 
 nathing at all. The reafoun is, becaufe the firfl 
 lyne keips the reule abone written, to wit, the firfl 
 fute fhort, the fecound lang, and fa furth, as I fliewe 
 before : quhair as the vther is dire6t contrair to the 
 fame. Bot fpecially tak heid, quhen zour lyne is of 
 fourtene, that zour SeBioun in aucht be a lang mono- 
 fyllabe, or ellis the hinmefl fyllabe of a word alwais 
 being lang, as I faid before. The caufe quhy it man 
 be ane of thir twa, is, for the Mufique, becaufe that 
 quhen zour lyne is ather of xiiij or xij fete, it wilbe 
 drawin fa lang in the finging, as ze man reft, in the 
 middes of it, quhilk is the SeHioun : fa as, gif zour 
 SeBioun be nocht ather a monofyllabe, or ellis the 
 hinmeft fyllabe. of a word, as I faid before, bot the 
 firft fyllabe of a polyfyllabe, the Mufique fall make zow 
 fa to reft in the middes of that word, as it fall cut the 
 ane half of the word fra the vther, and fa fall mak it 
 feme twa different wordis, that is bot ane. This aucht 
 onely to be obferuit in thir foirfaid lang lynis : for 
 the fhortnes of all fhorter lynis, then thir before men- 
 tionat, is the caufe, that the Mufique makis na reft 
 in the middes of thame, and thairfore thir obferuationis 
 
6o REV LIS AND CAVETLIS 
 
 feruis nocht for thame. Onely tak heid, that the 
 SeHioun in thame kythe fomething langer nor any 
 vther feit in that 1)116, except the fecound and the lad, 
 as I haue faid before. 
 
 Ze man tak heid lykewayis, that zour langefl lynis 
 exceid nochte fourtene fete, and that zour shortefl be 
 nocht within foure. 
 
 Remember alfo to mak a Senioiin in the middes of 
 euery lyne, quhether the lyne be lang or fhort. Be 
 Se6lioun I mean, that gif zour lyne be of fourtene fete, 
 zour aucht fute, man not only be langer then the 
 feuint, or vther fhort fete, but alfo langer nor any 
 vther lang fete in the fame lyne, except the fecound 
 and the hinmefl. Or gif your lyne be of twelf fete, zour 
 SeHioun to be in the fext. Or gif of ten, zour Seftioun 
 to be in the fext alfo. The caufe quhy it is not in 
 fyue, is, becaufe f}nie is odde, and euerie odde fute 
 is fhort. Or gif your l}Tie be of aucht fete, zour 
 SeHiotm to be in the fourt. Gif of fex, in the fourt 
 alfo. Gif of four, zour SeHioun to be in twa. 
 
 Ze aucht likewife be war with oft compofmg 
 zour haill l}'nis of monofyllabis onely, (albeit our 
 language haue fa many, as we can nocht weill efchewe 
 it) becaufe the maifl pairt of thame are indifferent, 
 and may be in fhort or lang place, as ze like. . Some 
 wordis of dyuers fyllabis are likewayis indifferent, as 
 
 Thairfore, rejlore. 
 
 I thairfore, tlutu 
 
 In the firfl, thairfore, {thair) is fhort, and (fore) is 
 lang : In the vther, (thair) is lang, and (fore) is fhort, 
 and zit baith flowis alike weill. Bot thir indifferent 
 wordis, compofit of dyuers fyllabes, are rare, fuppofe 
 in monofyllabes, commoun. The caufe then, quhy 
 ane haill l)Tie aucht nocht to be compofit of mono- 
 fyllabes only, is, that they being for the maifl pairt 
 indifferent, nather the fecound, hinmefl, nor Sccliotin, 
 will be langer nor the other lang fete in the fame lyne. 
 
OF SCOTTIS POESIE. 6i 
 
 Thairfore ze man place a word compofit of dyuers 
 fyllabes, and not indifferent, ather in the fecound, 
 hinmefl, or SeHioun, or in all thrie. 
 
 Ze man alfo tak heid, that quhen thare falHs any 
 fhort fyllabis efter the laft lang fyllabe in the lyne, 
 that ze repeit thame in the lyne quhilk rymis to the 
 vther, even .as ze fet them downe in the firfl lyne : as 
 for exempill, ze man not fay 
 
 T/ien fcir nocht 
 Nor heir ocht. 
 
 Bot 
 
 TJienfeir nocJii 
 Nor heir nocht. 
 
 Repeting the fame, nocJit, in baith the lynis : becaufe 
 this fyllabe, nocht^ nather feruing for cullour nor fute, 
 is bot a tayle to the lang fute preceding, and thairfore 
 is repetit lykewayis in the nixt lyne, quhilk rymes vnto 
 it, euin as it fet doun in the firfl. 
 
 There is alfo a kynde of indifferent wordis, afweill 
 as of fyllabis, albeit few in nomber. The nature quhair- 
 of is, that gif ze place thame in the begynning of a 
 lyne, they are fliorter be a fute, nor they are, gif ze 
 place thame hinmefl in the lyne, as 
 
 Sen patience I man haue perforce. 
 I Hue in hope with patience. 
 
 Ze fe there are bot aucht fete in ather of baith thir 
 lynis aboue written. The caufe quhairof is, that 
 patience, in the firfl lyne, in refpe6l it is in the be- 
 ginning thairof, is bot of twa fete, and in the lafl lyne, 
 of thrie, in refpedl it is the hinmefl word of that lyne. 
 To knaw and difcerne thir kynde of wordis from 
 vtheris, zour eare man be the onely iudge, as of all the 
 vther parts of Flowing, the verie twicheflane quhair- 
 of is Mufique. 
 
 I haue teachit zow now fhortly the reulis of JRyming, 
 
62 REVLIS AND CAVTELIS 
 
 Fete, and Flmr.'ing. There reftis yet to teache zow the 
 wordis, fentences, and phrafis neceffair for a Poete to 
 vfe tn his-verfe, quhilk I haue fet doun in reuHs, as 
 after followis. 
 
 CHAP. III. 
 
 [rfl, that in quhalfumeuer ze put in verfe, 
 ze put in na wordis, ather metri caufa, or 
 zit, for fining furth the nomber of the 
 fete, hot that they be all fa neceffare, as 
 ze fould be conflrainit to vfe thame, in 
 cace ze were fpeiking the fame purpofe in profe. 
 And thairfore that zour wordis appeare to haue cum 
 out willingly, and by nature, and not to haue bene 
 thrawin out conflrainedly, be compulfioun. 
 
 That ze efchew to infert in zour verfe, a lang rable 
 of mennis names, or names of tounis, or fik vther 
 names. Becaufe it is hard to mak many lang names 
 all placit together, to flow weill. Thairfore quhen 
 that fallis out in zour purpofe, ze fall ather put bot 
 twa or thrie of thame in euerie lyne, mixing vther 
 wordis amang thame, or ellis fpecifie bot twa or thre 
 of them at all, faying {With the laif of that race) or 
 ( With the rest in t/iay pairtis,) or lie vther lyke wordis : 
 as for example, 
 
 Out through his cairt, quhair Eous was eik 
 With other thre, quhilk F/iaeton Jiad drawin. 
 
 Ze fie thair is bot ane name there fpecifeit, to feme 
 for vther thrie of that forte. 
 
 Ze man alfo take heid to frame zour wordis and 
 fentencis according to the mater : As in Flyting 
 and Inuecftiues, zour wordis to be cuttit fhort, and 
 hurland ouer heuch. For thais quhilkis are cuttit fhort, 
 I meane be fie wordis as thir, 
 
OF SCOTTIS POESIE. 63 
 
 Jis neir cair, 
 for 
 
 / fail neuer cair, gif zour fubiefl 
 were of loue, or tragedies. Becaufe in thame zour 
 words man be drawin lang, quhilkis in Flyting man 
 be (hort. 
 
 Ze man lykewayis tak heid, the ze waill zour wordis 
 according to the purpofe : As, in ane heich and learnit 
 purpofe, to vfe heich, pithie, and learnit wordis. 
 
 Gif zour purpofe be of loue. To vfe commoun lan- 
 guage, with fome paffionate wordis. 
 
 Gif zour purpofe be of tragical! materis, To vfe 
 lamentable wordis, with fome heich, as rauifliit in 
 admiratioun. 
 
 Gif zour purpofe be of landwart effairis, To vfe cor- V 
 ruptit and vplandis wordis. 
 
 And finally, quhatfumeuer be zour fubie(5l, to vfe 
 vocabida artis, quhairby ze may the mair viuelie repre- 
 fent that perfoun, quhais pairt ze paint out. 
 
 This is likewayis neidfull to be vfit in fentences, als 
 Weill as in wordis. As gif zour fubie(5l be heich and 
 learnit, to vfe learnit and infallible reafonis, prouin be 
 neceffities. 
 
 Gif zour fubie6l be of loue, To vfe wilfull reafonis, 
 proceding rather from paffioun, nor reafoun. 
 
 Gif zour fubiecl be of landwart effaris. To vfe 
 fklender reafonis, mixt with grolTe ignorance, nather 
 keiping forme nor ordour. And fa furth, euer framing 
 zour reafonis, according to the qualitie of zour fubiedl. 
 
 Let all zour verfe be Literal!, fa far as may be, 
 quhatfumeuer kynde they be of, botfpeciallie Tumbling 
 verfe for flyting. Be Literall I meane, that the maifl 
 pairt of zour lyne, fall rynne vpon a letter, as this 
 tumbling lyne rynnis vpon F. > 
 
 Fetching fiide for to feid itfastfurih of the Farie. 
 
 Ze man obferue that thir Tumbling verfe flowis not 
 on that faffoun, as vtheris dois. For all vtheris keipis 
 the reule quhilk I gaue before, To wit, the firfl fute 
 fliort the fecound lang, and fa furth. Quhair as thir 
 
64 REVLIS AND CAVTELIS 
 
 hes hva fhort, and ane lang throuch all the lyne, quhen 
 they keip ordour : albeit the maifl pairt of thame be 
 out of ordour, and keipis na kynde nor reule oi Flowing, 
 and for that caufe are callit Tumbling verfe : except 
 the fhort lynis of aucht in the hinder end of the verfe, 
 the quhilk flowis as vther verfes dois, as ze \vill find in 
 the hinder end of this buke, quhair I gaue exemple of 
 fmdrie k}Tidis of verfis. 
 
 CHAP. nil. 
 
 |ARK alfo thrie fpeciall omamentis to verfe, 
 quhilkis are, Comparifons, Epii/ieiis, and 
 Froiierbis. 
 
 As for Comparifons, take heid that they 
 be fa proper for the fubiedl, that nather 
 they be ouer bas, gif zour fubie6l be heich, for then 
 fould zour fubiecSt \Comparifou?i'f\ difgrace zour Com- 
 parifoun [fubjecl?], nather zour Comparifoun be heich 
 quhen zour fubiedl is baffe, for then fall zour Compari- 
 foun [fubjecl?] difgrace your fubie6l \C}omparifoiin'i\ 
 Bot let fic a mutuall correfpondence and fimilitude be 
 betwix them, as it may appeare to be a meit Compari- 
 foun for fic a fubieft, and fa fall they ilkane decore 
 vther. 
 
 As for Epithetis, It is to defcr}aie brieflie, en paffant, 
 the natural! of euerie thing ze fpeik of, be adding the 
 proper adiecfliue vnto it, quhairof there are twa faflbns. 
 The ane is, to defcryue it, be making, a corruptit worde, 
 compofit of twa dyuers fimple wordis, as 
 Apollo gyde-Sunne 
 The vther faflbn, is, be Circumlocution, as 
 
 Apollo reular of the Sunne. 
 I efteme this laft faflbun befl, Becaufe it expreflis 
 the authoris meaning als weill as the vther, and zit 
 makis na corruptit wordis, as the vther dois. 
 
 As for the Froucrbis, they man be proper for the 
 fubiedt, to beautifit it, chofen in the fame forme as the 
 Comparifoun. 
 
OF SCOTTIS POESIE. 65 
 
 CHAP V. 
 
 [T is alfo meit, for the better decoratioun of j 
 
 ' the verfe to vfe fumtyme the figure of | 
 
 Repetitioun, as i 
 
 Qiihylis toy rang, \ 
 
 Quhylis noy rang. &'c. 
 
 Ze fie this word quhylis is repetit heir. This forme 
 of repetitioun fometyme vfit, decoris the verfe very 
 mekle. zea quhen it cummis to purpofe, it will be 
 cumly to repete fic a word aucht or nyne tymes in a 
 verfe. 
 
 CHAP. VI. 
 
 ZE man alfo be warre with compofing ony thing 
 in the fame maner, as lies bene ower oft vfit of 
 before. As in fpeciall, gif ze fpeik of loue, be 
 warre ze defcryue zour Loiies makdome, or her fairnes. 
 And ficlyke that ze defcryue not the morning, and ryfing 
 of the Sunne, in the Preface of zour verfe : for thir 
 thingis are fa oft and dyuerflie writtin vpon be Poetis 
 already, that gif ze do the lyke, it will appeare, ze bot 
 imitate, and that it cummis not of zour awin Inuentiotm, 
 quhilk is ane of the cheif properteis of ane Poete. 
 Thairfore gif zour fubiedl be to prayfe zour Loue, ze 
 fall rather prayfe hir vther qualiteis, nor her fairnes, or 
 hir fliaip : or ellis ze fall fpeik fome lytill thing of it, 
 and fyne fay, that zour wittis are fa fmal, and zour 
 vtterance fa barren, that ze can not difcrj-ue any part 
 of hir worthelie : remitting alwayis to the Reider, to 
 iudge of hir, in refpedt fho matches, or rather excellis 
 Venus, or any woman, quhome to it fall pleafe zow to 
 compaire her. Bot gif zour fubie6l be fic, as ze man 
 fpeik fome thing of the morning, or Sunne ryfing, tak 
 heid, that quhat name ze giue to the Sunne, the Mone, 
 or vther flarris, the ane tyme, gif ze happin to WTyte 
 E 
 
66 REVLIS AND CAVTELIS 
 
 thairof another t5Tne, to change thair names. As gif ze 
 call the Sunne Titan, at a tyme, to call him Phxbus or 
 Apollo the vther t}Tiie, and ficlyke the Mone, and vther 
 Planettis. 
 
 CHAP. VII. 
 
 [OT fen Inuefiiion, is ane of the cheif vertewis 
 in a Poete, it is befl that ze inuent zour 
 awan fubie6l, zour felf, and not to com- 
 pofe of fene fubieclis. Efpecially, tranflat- 
 ing any thing out of vther language, quhilk 
 doing, ze not onely effay not zour awin ingyne of Inuen- 
 tioun, bot be the fame raeanes, ze are bound, as to a 
 flaik, to follow that buikis phrafis, quhilk ze tranflate. 
 Ze man alfo be war of \vryting any thing of materis 
 of commoun weill, or vther fic graue fene fubieclis 
 (except Metaphorically, of manifefl treuth opinly 
 knawin, zit nochtwithflanding vfing it very feindil) be- 
 caufe nocht onely ze eflaynocht zour z.\\m Jjiueiitioun, 
 as I fpak before, bot lykewayis they are to graue 
 materis, for a Poet to mell in. Bot becaufe ze can not 
 haue the Inncntioiin, except it come of Nature, I remit 
 it thairvnto, as the cheif caufe, not onely of I/iiientioun, 
 bot alfo of all the vther pairtis of Poefie. For airt is 
 onely bot ane help and a remembraunce to Nature, as 
 I fhewe zow in the Preface. 
 
 CHAP. VI I L tuiching the kyndis of verfis, 
 mentionat in the Preface. 
 
 Irft, there is rj'me quhilk feruis onely for 
 lang hiRoreis, and zit are nocht verfe As 
 for exemple. 
 
 In Mail when that thebliffcf nil Phoebus brichf. 
 The lamp ofioy, the hcauens genune of licht, 
 Thegoldin cairt, and the etheriall King, 
 With purpoiir face in Orient dois fpring, 
 Maifl angel-lyke afcending in his fphere. 
 And birds with all thair heauetdie voces cleare 
 
OF SCOTTIS POESIE. 67 
 
 Dois mak afvveit and heauinly harmony, 
 And fragrant flours dois fpring vp biflely : 
 Into this feafonfweitefl of delyte, 
 To walk I had a lusty appetyte. 
 
 And fa furth. 
 
 T For the defcriptioun of Heroique a6lis, Martiall 
 and knichtly faittis of armes, vfe this kynde of verfe 
 following, callit Heroically As 
 
 Meik mundane mirroiir, myrrie and modefl, 
 Blyth, kynde, and courtes, comelie, dene, and chefl. 
 To all exemplefor thy honeflie. 
 As richefl rofe, or rubie, by the refl. 
 
 With gracis graiie, and gesture maifl digefl, 
 Ay to thy honnour alwayis hauing eye. 
 
 Were fafsons fiiemde, they micht be found in the : 
 Of bliffings all, be blyth, thovv hes the bcfl. 
 
 With euerie berne beloiiit for to be. 
 
 T For any heich and graue fubie6lis, fpecially drawin 
 out of learnit authouris, vfe this kynde of verfe follow- 
 ing, callit Ballat Royal, as 
 
 That nicht he ceifl, and vvetit to bed, hot greind 
 Zit faflfor day, and thocht the nicht to lang : 
 At lafl Diana doiin her head recleind^^ 
 Into thefea. Then Lucifer vpfprang, 
 Auroras pofl, vvhomefJio did fend ainang 
 The leittie cludds,for to foretell ane hour. 
 Before ffio flay her tears, quhilk Ouide fang 
 Fell for her loue, quhilk turnit in a flour. 
 
 1" For tragicall materis, complaintis, or teflamentis, vfe 
 this kynde of verfe following, callit Troilus verfe, as 
 
 To thee Echo, and thow to me agane. 
 In the defert, aniangs the vvods and vi'ells, 
 Quhair deflinic hes bound the to remane. 
 Bid cojnpany, within the firths and fells, 
 Let vs compleiii, with wofull zoutts and zells, 
 
fA REV LIS AND CAVTELIS 
 
 AJliaft, a /hotter y thai our harts hesflane: 
 To thee Echo, and thow to rtu a^nc 
 
 T For flyting, or InuecHues, vfe this kynde of verfe 
 following, callit RounufaJlis, or Tumbling verfe. 
 
 In the hinder end of haruest vpon Alhallm^o ene, 
 Quhen our gude nichtbors rydis (nou gif I reid richf) 
 Some bueklit on a benifod, and fome on a bene. 
 Ay trott and into troupes fra the tztylicht: 
 Somefadland ajfio ape, all grathed into grene: 
 Some hotche and on a hempjlalk, hovand on a hdcht. 
 The king of Far y with the Court of t lie Elf quene. 
 With many elrage Iruubus rydand tliat nieht : 
 There ane elf on ane ape ane vnfell begat : 
 Befyde a pot baith auld and rn^ome. 
 This bratshard in ane bus zias borne: 
 Tliey fatui a monfkr on the morne, 
 VVar fadt nor a Cat. 
 
 T For compendious pra}-fmg of any bukes, or the 
 authouris thairof, or ony argumeniis of vther hiftoreis, 
 quhair fundrie fentences, and change of purpofis are 
 requ}Tit, \'fe Sonet verfe, of fourtene Ij-nis, and ten fete 
 in euery Ij-ne. The exemple quhairof, I neid nocht 
 to fhaw zow, in refpect I haue fet doun twa in the be- 
 ginning of this treatife. 
 
 T In materis of loue, \-fe this kynde of verfe, quhilk 
 we call Commoun verfe, as 
 
 Quliais anfvver made thame nocJd fa glaid 
 That they fould thus the viehrs be. 
 As euen tlie anfwer quhilk I liaid 
 Did greatly ioy aud confort me: 
 Quhen lo, this fpak Apollo myne. 
 All that thoufdkis, it fall be thyne. 
 
 ^ Lyke verfe of ten fete, as this foirfaid is of aucht, ze 
 may vfe lykewaps in loue materis : as alfo all kj-ndis 
 of cuttit and brokin verfe, quhairof new formes are 
 dayUe inuentit according to the Poetes pleafour, as 
 
OF SCOTTIS POESIE. 
 
 Qiiha wald hatie tyrde to heir that tone, 
 Quhilk birds corroborat ay abone 
 
 Throuch fchoiiting of the Larkis ? 
 They fprang fa heich into thefkyes 
 Qiihill Cnpide vvalknis with the cryis^ 
 
 Of Natnris chapell Clarkis. 
 Then leauing all the Heauins abone 
 
 He lichted on the eard. 
 Lo! how that lytill God of lojie. 
 
 Before me then appeard, 
 So myld-lyke 
 
 With bow thre quarters Jkant 
 And chyld-lyke 
 
 So moylie 
 
 He lukit lyke a Satit. 
 And coy lie 
 
 And fa furth. 
 
 T This onely kynde of brokin verfe abonewrittin, 
 man of neceffitie, in thir lad fhort fete, as fo moylie and 
 coylie, haue bot twa fete and a tayle to ilkane of thame, 
 as ze fie, to gar the cullour and ryme be in the penult 
 fyllabe. 
 
 T And of thir foirfaidis kyndes of ballatis of haill 
 
 verfe, and not cuttit or brokin as this laft is, gif ze 
 
 lyke to put ane owenvord till ony of thame, as making 
 
 the lafl lyne of the firfl verfe, to be the lafl lyne of euerie 
 
 vther verfe in that ballat, will fet weill for loue materis. 
 
 Bot befydis thir kyndes of brokin or cuttit verfe, 
 
 quhilks ar inuentit daylie be Poetis, as I fhewe before, 
 
 there are fmdrie kyndes of haill verfe, with all thair lynis 
 
 alyke lang, quhilk I haue heir omittit, and tane bot 
 
 onelie thir few kyndes abone fpecifeit 
 
 as the befl, quhilk may be ap- 
 
 plyit to ony kynde of 
 
 fubiedl, 
 
 bot rather to thir, quhairof 
 
 I haue fpokin before. 
 
THE CIIII. PSALME, 
 
 TRANSLATED OVT OF 
 TREMELLIVS. 
 
 PSALME CIIIL 
 
 Lord infp}Te my fpreit and pen, to praife 
 Thy Name, whofe greames fair furpaffis all : 
 That fjne, I may thy gloir and honour blaife, 
 Which cleithis the ouer : about the lyke a wall 
 The light remainis. O thow, whofe charge and call 
 Made Heauens lyke courtenis for to fpred abreid. 
 Who bowed the waters fo, as ferue they fliall 
 For criflall fyilring ouer thy houfe to gleid. 
 
 Who walks vpon the wings of reftles winde, 
 \VTio of the clouds his chariot made, euen he, 
 Who in his prefence flill the fpreits doeth find, 
 Ay ready to fulfill ilk iuft, decrie 
 Of his, whofe feruants fjTe and flammis they be. 
 \Vho fet the earth on her fundations fare, 
 So as her brangling none Ihall euer fee : 
 ^V^lo at thy charge the deip vpon her bure. 
 
 So, as the very tops of mountains hie 
 
 Be fluidis were onis ouerflowed at thy command, 
 
 Ay whill thy thundring voice fone made them flie 
 
 Ower hiddeous hills and howes, till noght but land 
 
 Was left behind, f)Tie with thy mightie hand 
 
 Thow limits made NTito the roring deip. 
 
 So fliall flie neuer droun againe the land, 
 
 But brek her wawes on rockis, her mairch to keip. 
 
 Thir are thy workis, who maid the flrands to breid, 
 S}Tie rinn among the hills from fountains cleir. 
 
PSALME CIIII. 71 
 
 Whairto \vyld Affes oft dois rinn with fpeid, 
 With vther bealls to drinke. Hard by we heir 
 The chirping birds among the leaues, with beir 
 To fing, whil all the rocks about rebounde. 
 A woundrous worke, that thow, 6 Father deir, 
 Maks throtts fo fmall yeild furth fo greate a founde ! 
 
 O thow who trom thy palace oft letts fall 
 (For to refrefli the hills) thy bleffed raine : 
 Who with thy Avorks mainteins the earth and all : 
 Who maks to grow the herbs and grafs to gaine. 
 The herbs for foode to man, grafs dois remaine 
 For food to horfe, and cattell of all kynde. 
 Thow caufefl them not pull at it in vaine, 
 But be thair foode. fuch is thy will and mynde. 
 
 Who dois reioyfe the hart of man with wyne, 
 
 And who with oyle his face maks cleir and bright, 
 
 And who with foode his flomack flrengthnes fyne, 
 
 Who nurifhes the very treis aright. 
 
 The Cedars evin of Liban tall and wight 
 
 He planted hath, where birds do bigg their nefl. 
 
 He maid the Firr treis of a woundrous hight. 
 
 Where Storks dois mak thair dwelling place, and refl. 
 
 Thow made the barren hills, wylde goats refuge. 
 Thow maid the rocks, a refidence and refl 
 For Alpiii ratts, where they doe liue and ludge. 
 Thow maid the Moo/ie, her courfe, as thou thoght befl. 
 Thow maid the Sihuie in tyme go to, that left 
 He flill fould fhyne, then night fould neuer come. 
 But thow in ordour all things lies fo drefl, 
 Some beads for day, for night are alfo fome. 
 
 For Lyons young at night beginnis to raire, 
 And from their denns to craue of God fome pray : 
 Then in the morning, gone is all their caire. 
 And homeward to their caues rinnis fafl, fra day 
 Beginne to kythe, the Sunne dois fo them fray. 
 
72 PSALME CIIII. 
 
 Then man gois fiirth, fra tyme the Sunne dois lyfe. 
 And whill the euening he remanis away 
 At lefume labour, where his liuing lyes. 
 
 How large and mightie are thy workis, 6 Lord ! 
 And with what ^ifedome are they wTought, but faile. 
 The earths great fulnes, of thy gifts recorde 
 Dois beare : Heirof the Seas (which dyuers ikaile 
 Of filh contenis) dois witnes beare : Ilk faile 
 Of dyuers fhips vpon the fwolling wawes 
 Dois tefliiie, as dois the monflrous whaile, 
 \Mio frayis all fifties with his ravening lawes. 
 
 All thir (6 Lord) yea all this woundrous heape 
 Of liuing things, in feafon craues their fill 
 Of foode from thee. Thow giuing, Lord, they reape : 
 Thy open hand with gude things fills them flill 
 \Vhen fo thow lift : but contrar, when thow will 
 Withdraw thy face, then are they troubled fair, 
 Their breath by thee receavd, fone dois them kill : 
 Syne they retume into their aflies bair. 
 
 But notwithftanding, Father deare, in cace 
 
 Thow breath on them againe, then they reviue. 
 
 In fliort, thow dois, 6 Lord, renewe the face 
 
 Of all the earth, and all that in it Hue. 
 
 Therefore immortall praife to him we giue : 
 
 Let him reioyfe into his works he maid, 
 
 \Vhofe looke and touche, fo hills and earth dois greiue. 
 
 As earth dois tremble, mountains reikis, afraid. 
 
 To Ichoua I all my l\-fe fliall fing. 
 To found his Name I euer ftill fliall cair : 
 It fliall be fweit my thinking on that King : 
 In him I fhall be glaid for euer mair : 
 O let the wncked be into no whair 
 In earth. O let the finfuU be deftroyde. 
 Blefle him my foule who name leJwua bair : 
 O bleffe him now with notts that are enioydc. 
 
 Halldu-iah. 
 
ANE SCHORT POEME 
 
 OF TYME. 
 
 * # * 
 
 , S I was panfmg in a morning, aire, 
 
 And could not fleip, nor nawayis take me reft, 
 Furth for to walk, the morning was fa faire, 
 
 Athort the feilds, it femed to me the bed. 
 
 The Eajl was cleare, whereby belyue I gefl 
 
 That fyrie Titan cumming was in fight, 
 
 Obfcuring chafl Diatia by his light. 
 
 VVho by his ryfmg in the Azure Ikyes, 
 Did dewlie helfe all thame on earth do dwell. 
 The balmie dew through biming drouth he dryis, 
 Which made the foile to fauour fweit and fmtll. 
 By dewe that on the night before downe fell, 
 Which then was foukit by the Delphienns heit 
 Vp in the aire : it was fo light and weit. 
 
 Whofe hie afcending in his purpour Sphere 
 
 Prouoked all from Morpheus to flee : 
 
 As beads to feid, and birds to fmg with beir, 
 
 Men to their labour, biffie as the Bee : 
 
 Yet ydle men deuyfmg did I fee. 
 
 How for to dryue the tyme that did them irk, 
 
 By findrie paflvmes, quhill that it grew mirk. 
 
74 T Y M E. 
 
 Then woundred I to fee them feik a wyle. 
 So willinglie the precious t}ine to tyne : 
 And how they did them felfis fo fair begylc. 
 To fafhe of t)Tne, which of it felfe is fyne. 
 Fra t\Tne be pafl, to call it bakwart fyne 
 Is bot in vaine : therefore men fould be warr, 
 To fleuth the tyme that flees fi^ them fo farr. 
 
 For what hath man bot tyme into this lyfe, 
 ^Vhich giues him dayis his God aright to knaw : 
 ^Vherefo^e then fould we be at fie a flryfe, 
 So fpedelie our felfis for to withdraw 
 Euin from the t}Tne, which is on nowayes flaw 
 To flie fi-om vs, fuppofe we fled it noght ? 
 More wyfe we were, if we the tyme had foght 
 
 Bot fen that tyme is fie a precious thing, 
 
 I waldwe fould beflow it into that 
 
 Which were moft. pleafour to our heauenly King, 
 
 Flee ydilteth, which is the greateft. lat. 
 
 Bot fen that death to all is deft-inat, 
 
 Let vs imploy that time that God hath fend vs, 
 
 In doing weill, that good men may commend vs. 
 
 Hoc quoqiu perfidat^ quod perficit omnia, Tempus. 
 FINIS. 
 
75 
 
 A TABLE OF SOME OBSCVRE 
 
 WORD IS WITH THEIR S I G- 
 
 nifications, efter the or dour of 
 
 the Alphabet. 
 
 ♦ * 
 
 VVordis Significations 
 
 A?>imon lupiter Ammon. 
 
 Ande A village befyde Mantua where 
 
 Virgin was borne. 
 Alexandria A famous citie in Egypt, where 
 
 was the notable librarie gathered by Ftolomeus Phila- 
 
 delphus. 
 
 B 
 
 Bethaniens fecond liuing Lazarus o^Bethania, who was 
 reuiued be Chrifl., reid John 1 1 Chap. 
 
 Castalia A well at the fute of the hill 
 
 Parnaffus. 
 
 Celceno The cheif of the Harpyes, a kynde 
 
 of monflers with wingis and womens faces, whome 
 the Poets feynzeis to reprefent theuis. 
 
 Cerberus The thrie headed porter of hell. 
 
 Cimmerien night Drevin from a kynd of people in 
 
 the Eafl, called Cimmerij, who are great theuis, and 
 dwellis in dark caues, and therefore, fleeping in 
 fmne, is called Cimmerien night. 
 
 Circuler daiince The round motionis of the Pla- 
 
 nets, and of their heauens, applyed to feuin fmdrie 
 metallis. 
 
 Clio One of the Mufes. 
 
 Cypris The dwelling place of Venus, 
 
 tearming continens pro contento. 
 
 Cyprian torche Lovis darte. 
 
76 THETABLE. 
 
 D 
 
 DdpJiun Songs Poemes, and verfes, drawen from 
 
 the Oracle of Apollo at Ddphos. 
 Dircs Thre furies of hell, Aledh^ Me- 
 
 gera, and Tefiphone. 
 Dodon A citie of the kingdome of Epi- 
 
 rus, befydes the which, there was a wood and a 
 
 Temple therein, confecrated to lupiter. 
 
 E 
 
 EUHre A metal, fowre parts gold and 
 
 fift part filuer. 
 Elifefidd In Latin Campi Elifij, a ioy fall 
 
 place in hell, where as the Poets feinzeis all the 
 
 happie fpreits do remaine. 
 Efculape A mediciner, after made a god. 
 
 • 
 
 G 
 
 Graiiejl thunders Jupiter (as the Poets feinzeis) 
 had two thunders, whereof he fent the greatefl vpon 
 the Grants, who contemned him. 
 
 H 
 
 f Hermes^ An AEgiptian Philofopher foone 
 
 after the tyme of Moyfes, confeffed in his Dialogues 
 one onely God to be Creator of all things, and graunt- 
 ed the errours of his forefathers, who brought in the 
 fuperflitious worshipping of Idoles. 
 Hippolyte After his members were drawin 
 
 in funder by fowre horfes, Efculapius at Neptuns re- 
 quefl, glewed them together, and reviued him. 
 
 M 
 
 Maufole tombe One of the feauin miracles which 
 
 Artemife caufed to be builded for her hufband by 
 Timotheus^ Briace, Scope, and fundrie other work- 
 men. 
 
THE TABLE. 
 
 77 
 
 Mein A riuer in Abnatiie. 
 
 Sein A riuer in Fratmce. 
 
 The Authors meaning of thefe two riuers is, that the 
 originall of the Almanis came firfl out of Fraunce, 
 contrarie to the vulgar opinion. 
 
 Nynevoiced mouth 
 was one. 
 
 N 
 The nyne Mufes, whereof Vranie 
 
 Panchaia A towne in the Eaft, wherein, it 
 
 is ^vritten, the F/icenix bumis her felfe vpon A^oUos 
 altar. 
 
 A hill confecrate to Apollo, and 
 
 Pinde or Fifidus 
 
 the Mufes. 
 Fhcemojioe 
 
 Oracles oi Apollo. 
 
 A woman who pronounced the 
 
 Seamans Jlarres The feauen flarres. 
 
 Semele Mother of Bacchus, who being 
 
 deceiued by luno, made lupiter come to her in his 
 leafl thunder, which neuerthelefs confumde her. 
 
 Syrettes Taken heir for littill gray birdcs 
 
 of Canaria. 
 
 T 
 
 A common harlot of Alexandria. 
 A monfler in the fea, fliapen like 
 
 Thais 
 
 Triton 
 a man. 
 
 Turnus filler Named luturna, a goddefse of 
 
 the water, who in the fhape of her brothers waggon- 
 ner led his chariot through the fields, ay till Alcclo 
 appeared vnto them in the fliape of an Howlet. 
 
 Vranie 
 
 The heauenly Mufe. 
 
 FINIS. 
 
78 
 
 Sonnet of the Authout: 
 
 fHE facound Greke, Denwjlhmes by name, 
 His toung was ones into his youth fo flow, 
 As exTn that airt, which floorifli made his fame, 
 He fcarce could name it for a tyme, ze know. ^^^ 
 So of (mall feidis the Liban Cedres grow : 
 So of an Egg the Egk doeth proceid : 
 From fountains fmall great Ntltis flood doeth flow : 
 Evin fo of rawTiis do mightie fifhes breid. 
 Therefore, good Reader, when as thow dois reid 
 Thefe my firft fruiclis, difp}'fe them not at alL 
 \\Tio watts, both thefe may able be indeid 
 Of fyner Poemis the begynning fmalL 
 
 Then, rather loaue my meaning and my panis. 
 Then lak my duU ingyne and blunted branis. 
 
 FINIS. 
 
I H AVE INSERT FOR 
 
 THE FILLING OVT OF THIR 
 
 VACAND PAGEIS, THE VERIE 
 
 wordis of Plinius vpon the 
 
 Fhceriix, 
 
 as foUowis 
 
 « 
 
 C. P L I N II 
 Nat Hiji. Lib. Decimi, Cap. 2. 
 
 De Phoenice. 
 
 « 
 
 lEthiopes atque Indi, difcolores maxim^ et 
 inenarrabiles ferunt aues, et ante omnes 
 nobilem Arabia Phoenicem : hand fcio an 
 fabulosfe, vnum in toto orbe, nee vifum 
 magnopere. Aquilae narrntur magnitudine, 
 auri fulgore circa colla, caetera purpureus, caeruleam 
 rofeis caudam pennis diftinguentibus, criflis faciem, 
 caputqiie plumeo apice cohoneflante. Primus atque 
 diligentiffmius togatorum de eo prodidit Manilius, Sen- 
 ator ille, maximis nobilis dodlrinis dodlore nullo : 
 neminem extitiffe qui viderit vefcentem : facrum in 
 Arabia Soli efle, viuere annis DCLX. fenefcentem, 
 cafia thnrifque furculis conflruere nidum, replere odori- 
 bus, et fuperemori. Ex offibus deinde et memeduUis 
 eius nafci primo ceuvermiculum : inde fieri pullum ; 
 principioque iufla funeri priori reddere, et totum de- 
 ferre nidum prope Panchaiam in Solis vrbem, et in ara 
 ibi deponere. Cum huius alitis vita magni conuer- 
 
8o 
 
 uonem ann fieri prodit idem Manllius, iterumque lig- 
 nificationes tempeflatum et fiderum eafdem reuerti. 
 Hoc autera cira meridiem incipere, quo die Cgnum 
 Arietis Sol intrauerit. Et fuiffe eius conueifionis 
 annum prodente fe P. Licinio, M. Coraelio Conful- 
 ibus. Cornelius Valerianus Phoenicem deuolalTe in 
 AEg}T)tum tradit, Q. Plautio, Sex. Papinio Coss. AUa- 
 tus efl et in vrbem Claudij Principis Cenfura, anno 
 vrbis DCCC, et in comido propofitus, quod adtis 
 teftatum eft, fed quern falfum effe nemo dubitareL 
 
 FINIS. 
 
 I hdped my fdf alfo in my Trai^edic tJuzirof, 'I'vith 
 
 tfu Phuxnix of LaHantius Firmianus, vniih 
 
 Gefiurus de Auibus, and dyiurs vthcrSf 
 
 bot I hatu otiely infert thir fore- 
 
 faid ZTords of Fiinius, 
 
 Becaufe I follow 
 
 him maifl in 
 
 my Tra- 
 
 gedi£. 
 Fara'vdU. 
 
On the Introduction and Early use of Tobacco 
 IN England. 
 
 For a difculTion as to the knowledge and ufe of Tobacco previous 
 to tlie Difcovery of America : fee The Atluuceitvi for 27 June and 
 I Augufl 1857. 
 
 I. 1577. The earliefl detailed account of the herb Tobacco in 
 the Englifli language I believe to be, "yoy/itll ttezwes oiite of the 
 nave fou7ide worlde . . . Engliflied by John Fkampton 
 Marchant." London. 1577. A work reprinted in 1580, 1596, &c. 
 
 In his Dedication— dated London, i 06i. 1577 — to ' Mafter 
 Edwarde Dier Efquire,' Frampton informs us : 
 
 Retourning right worshipful!, home into Englande cute of .Spaine, and 
 now not pressed with the former toiles of my old trade, I to passe the tyme 
 to some benefitc of my coimtrie, and to auoyde idlenesse : tooke in hande to 
 translate out of Spanishe into Englishe, the thre bookes of Ijoctour Mon- 
 ardes of Sciiill, the learned Phisition, treatyng of the singuler and rare ver- 
 tues of certaine Hearbes, Trees, Oyles, Plantes, Stones, and Drugges of the 
 Weste Indies .... 
 
 Nicholas Monardes had firft publifhed his account of To- 
 bacco in the Secf>nd Part of his De las Co/as que traen de iteujlras 
 Indias Occidcntales que firiien en mediciua. Publifhed at Seville 
 in 1571, and republilhed there, all three parts together, in 1574. 
 
 The following extracts are taken from the fecond edition of 
 Jcn'full tievt'cs, 1580: which Frampton defcribes as "Newly cor- 
 recfled as by conference with the olde copies may appeare. " 
 Monardes tells us — 
 
 This Hearbe which commonly is called Tabaco, is an Hearbe of much 
 anti(|uitie, and knuwen amongst the Indians, and in especially among 
 them of the new Spayne, and after that those Countries were gotten by our 
 Spaniardes, beyntr taught of the Indians, they did profite thc-niselues with 
 those things, in the wounds which they receiued in their Warres, healing 
 thcmsclues therewith to the great benefite. 
 
 Within these few yeeres [Monardes is writing in 1571] there hath beene 
 brought into Spayne of it, more toadornate Gardens with the fairnesse thereof, 
 and to gene a pleasant sight, than that it was thought to haue the manicl- 
 lous medicinable vertues, which it hath, but nowe wee doe vse it more for his 
 vertues. than for his fairenesse. For surely they are such wliich doe bring 
 admiration. . . . 
 
 The proper name of it amongest the Indians is Picielt, for the name of Ta- 
 baco is geuen to it by our Spainardes, by reason of an Islande that is named 
 Tabaco. . . . 
 
 ■ One of the meruelles of this Hearbe, and that which bringeth most 
 admiration, is, the nianer howe the Priestes of the Indias did v.-e it, which 
 was in this manner : when there was emoneest the Indians any manner of 
 businesse, of greate importaunce, in the which the chiefe gentlemen called 
 Casigiies,ox any of the principal! people of the countrie, had necessitie to 
 consult with their Priestes, in any businesse of importance ; they went 
 and propounded their matter to their chiefe Priest, forthwith in theit pres- 
 ence, he tooke certaine leaues of the Tabaco, and cast them into the fire, 
 and did receiue the smoke of them at his mouth, and at his nose with a Cane, 
 F 
 
82 Ox THE InTRODUCTIOIT OF TOBACCO INTO FRANCE. 
 
 and in ^king of it; bee fell downe vppon the ground, as a Dead man, and 
 remayning so, acctirding to the ouantitie of the finoke that he had taken, 
 and when the_ hearbe had dc»ie his worke, he did reuiue and aw-ake, ar.ii 
 gaae them their answeres, according to the visions, and ilhisions -nhich hee 
 sawe, whiles he was rapte in the same manner, and he did interprcte to them, 
 as to him seemed best, or as the Deuill had counselled him. geuing them 
 contint^ly doubcfiill answeares, in such sorte, that howsoeuer it fell out, 
 they might say that it was the same, which was declared, and the answeare 
 that he^nade. 
 
 In like sort the rest of the Indians for their pastime, doe take the smoke 
 of the _ Tabaco, too make themselues dnmke withalL and to see the ^^"sions, 
 and thinges that represent vnto them that wherein they doe delight : and 
 other times thy take it to knowe their businesse, and successe, because coD- 
 fonnable to that, wbiche they haue scene beyng drunke therewith, euen so 
 Aey iadge of their businesse. And as the Deuil is a deceauer, and hath 
 the knowledge of the rertue of hearbes, so he did shew^ the vertue <rf 
 this H^b, that by the meanes thereof, they might see their imaginations, 
 and visions, that be hath represented to them, and by that meanes deceiue 
 them. 
 
 So far Monardes. The page following his account b^ins 
 thus : — 
 
 Hereafter followeth a fiirther addition of the Hearbe called Tabaco, other- 
 wise called by the Fienchmen XUotianf. Which hearbe hath done great cures 
 in the Realrae of Frattnce and Portugal, as heeieafter at large may appeare 
 in this treatise following. 
 
 This treatife is not found in Monardes : but was taken by 
 Fiampton from a celebrated French author. 
 
 After the death of Charles Estienne, another French do<5lor, 
 John Liebaut, edited fucceffive editions of his V Agriculture^ 
 H Mai/on Rujlique, in 1564, 1565, 1 5 70, 1574, &c : until the 
 names of the two medical men became identified \k-ith this po- 
 pular work. 
 
 In the edition of 1570, at/. 79, b. ii. c. 76, will be found the 
 French text of ' the treatife following,' which Frampton flipped 
 into a totally different author. Of this treatife, we (hall give the 
 effential portions, becaufe it contains Nicot's own account of the 
 introduction of Tobacco into France, T»-ithin the decade preceding 
 his relation. 
 
 Liebault thus begins his difcourfe : — 
 
 Nieotiame. although it bee not long since it hath beene knowne in France, 
 notwithstanding deserueth palme and price, and among al other medidnabl* 
 he»rbs, it deserueth to stand in the first rank, by reason of his singular ver- 
 nes, and as it were almost to bee had in admiration, as hereaf:er j-ou shaS 
 imdeistand. And for that none suche as of aundent time, or of late dayes, 
 haue written the nature of plantes, did neuer make mention thereof, I l^ue 
 therefore learned the whole historie touching the same, which I learned of a 
 gentleman my verj' fnend, the first authour, inuenter, and bringer of this . 
 bearb into Fiance : wherfore I thought good to publish it in ^-riting for their 
 sakes, that haue so often bearde speaking of this saide hearbe, and yet nejnher 
 knew the hearbe nor the effectes thereof. 
 
 This Hearbe is called SUotuuu, of the name of him that gaue the firste 
 intelligence thereof >-nto this Realme, as many other plantes haue taken their' 
 names of certayne Greekes and Romaynes, «-ho hauing beene in Ktiatinge 
 Countries, for seruice of their common Weales, haue brought into their coun- 
 tries many plants, which were before vnknowne. Some haue called thisj 
 
On the Introduction of Tobacco into France. 83 
 
 Hearbe the Queenes Hearbe, because it was firste sent vnto her, as heere- 
 aftershalbe declared by the Gentleman, that was the first inuenter of it, and 
 since v/as by her geuen to rliuers for to sowe, whereby it might bee planted in 
 this lande. Others haue named it the great Priors hearbe, fur that he caused 
 it to multiply in Fraunce, more then any other, for the greate reuerence that 
 he bare to [tjhis hearbe, for the Diuine elTectes therin contayned. Many haue 
 geuen it the name, I'etuin, which is indeede the proper name of the Hearbe, 
 as they which haue traucUcd that Countrie can tell. Notwithstanding, it is 
 better to name it Nicotiaite, by the name of him that sent it into Fraunce 
 first, to the ende that hee may haue the honour thereof, according to his 
 desert, for that hee hath enriched our Countrie \i.e. France], with so singular 
 an Hearbe. Thus much for the name, and nowe hearken further for the 
 whole Historie. 
 
 Then follows Nicot's own account : 
 
 Maister lohn Nicot, Counseller to the King, being Emba.ssadour for his 
 Maiestie in Portugall, in the yeere of our Lorde. 1559. 60. 61. went one day 
 to see the Prysons of the King of Portugall : and a Gentleman bceyng the 
 keeper of the sade Prisons presented him with this hearb, as a strange Plant 
 brought from Florida. I'he same Maister Nicot, hauing caused the said 
 hearb to be set in his Garden, where it ^rewe and multiplied maruellously, 
 was vppon a time aduertised, by one of his Pages, that a young man, of kinne 
 to that Page made asaye of that hearbe brused both the hearbe and the luice 
 together vppon an vlcer, which he had vpon his cheeke neere vnto his nose, 
 comming of a Noti jne tcingere, which began to take roote already at the 
 gristles of the Nose, wherewith hee founde himselfe meruellously eased. 
 Therefore the sayde Maister Nicot caused the sicke young man to bee brought 
 before him, and causing the saide hearb to be continued to the sore eight or 
 ten dales, this saide Noli me taiigere, was vtterly e-ttinguished and healed : 
 and he had sent it, while this cure was a woorking to a certeine Phisition of 
 the Knig of Portugall one of the greatest fame to examine the further working 
 and effect of the said Nicotiane, and sending for the same young man at the 
 end of ten dayes, the sayde Phisition seeing the visage of the said sicke yong 
 man, certified, that the sayde Noli me tangere was vtterly extinguished, as 
 in deede he ncuer felt it since. 
 
 Within a while after, one of the Cookes of the sayde Embassadour hauing 
 almost cutte oft' his thombe, with a great chopping knyfe, the Steward of the 
 house of the sayde Gentleman ran to the sayde Nicotiniie, and dressed him 
 therewith flue or si.\e tymes, and so in the ende thereof he was healed : from 
 that time forward this hearbe began to bee famous throughout Lisltebron, 
 where the court of the kyng of Portugall was at that present, and the vertue 
 of this .sayde hearbe was extolled, and the people began to name it the Am- 
 bassadours hearbe. Wherefore there came certaine dayes after a Gentleman 
 of the Countrie, Father to one of the Pages of the Ambassadour, w'lo was 
 troubled with an vlcer in his Legge, hauinge had the .same twoo yeercs, and 
 demaunded of the sayde Amba.ssadour for his hearbe, and vsing the same in 
 such order as is before written, at the end of tenne or twelue dales hee was 
 healed. From that tyme forth the fame of that same hearbe increased in 
 such sort, that many came from al places to haue some of it. Among al 
 others there was a woman that had her face couered wyth a Ringworme 
 rooted, as though she had a Visour on her face, to whome she saide L[ord] 
 Embassadour caused the hearbe to be giuen, and told how she should vse it, 
 and at the ende of eight or tenne dales, this woman was throughly healed, who 
 came and presented her selfe to the Ambassadour, shewing him of her healing. 
 
 After there came a Captaine to present his Sonne sick of the kinges euill to 
 the sayde L[ord] Ambassadour, for to send him into France, vnto whome 
 there was asaye made of the sayde hearbe, which in fewe dayes did begin 
 to shewe great signes of healing, and finally he was altogether healed therby 
 of the kings euill. 
 
 The L[ord] Ambassadour seeing so great effectes proceeding of this hearbe, 
 and hauing heard say that the Lady Montigue that was, dyed at Saint Cer- 
 v'.aiis, of an vlcer bredd in her brest, that did turne to a Noli me tangere. 
 
S4 On the Introduction of Tobacco into England. 
 
 for the T»-' i!d neuer remedy bee foande, and lykewyse that the 
 
 Couates^v ' sought for al the famous Phisitions of that Realme, 
 
 for to hea . itowhom they could giue no remedj-, he thought it 
 
 good to coniniLmicaie the same into France, and did sende it to Idnr 
 rraunds the seconde, and to the Queene Mother, and to many other Lord? 
 of the Court, with the maner of mtnistring the same : and howe to applv it 
 vnto the said diseases, euen as he had found it by experience, and ch:-;ri v t a 
 the Lordc of lartmc jtouemour of Rogel, with irhom the saide Lord,- Am- 
 bassadour had great amitie for the seniice of the king. The which Lrrd 
 of lamac told one day at the Queenes table, j-at he had caused the saide 
 NicoHoHe to be distilled, and the water to bee dronke, mingled with water 
 Eu^kr^iU. otherwise called eyebright, to one that was shorte breathed, who 
 was therewith healed. . . . 
 
 {Here follow descri/tiffnt of the herb, and dirtctions for its cn/itvaiioH.'] 
 Moreoiier the inhabitantes of fioridtt do nourish themselues certaine 
 ▼mes, with the smoke of this Hearbe, which they neceaue at the mouth 
 tarough certaine c»ffias, suche as the Grocers do rse to put in their Spices. 
 There be other ojrntmentes prepared of the sayde hearbe, with other rimples, 
 hat for a truth this onl^ simple hearbe, taken and applynl as aforesayde, is of 
 greater efficacie, notwithstanding one ma^ make thereof an oyntment, which 
 IS singular, to cleanse, incarnate, and kmt together al maner of woundes : 
 the cooking of the sayde Oj-ntmente is thus. Take a poimde of the freshe 
 leaues of the sayde Hearbe, stampe them, and mingle them with newe Waxe, 
 Rosioe, common oyle, of eche three ounces, let them boyle altogether, vntil 
 the luyoe Sicotiane be consumed, then adde thcrto three ounces of l''enise 
 Turpentine, stiaise the same through a Linen cloth, and keepe it in Pottes 
 to 3rotir vse. 
 
 Liebaut thus concludes : — 
 
 Loe, here you haue the true Historic of NicoHaiu, of the whiche the sayde 
 Lorde Sicot. one of the Rynges Counsdlers first founder out of this hearbe, 
 hath made mee pnuie asweJI by woorde as by wryting, to make thee friendly 
 Reader partaker therof, to whom I ret^uire thee to yeeld as harty thankes 
 as I acknowledge my self bounde vnto him, for this benefite receiiied. — Joy- 
 ftdl Seats, foL 43-45. 
 
 In fo far therefore, as thefe two editions of JoyfuU tuTwes dr- 
 culated, this much was known in England refpecling Tebacco, 
 fo early as 1577-S0, 
 
 II. The principal notices of the firft introduction of the Herb 
 into this country' are thefe : — 
 
 1. Edmund Howes, in his continuation of J. Stows Annales, 
 [p. 1038. Ed. 1631] dates — 
 
 Tobacco was first brought, and made known in England by Sir lohn 
 Hawkins, about the yeare 1565 but not vsed by Englishmen in many yeeres 
 after, though at this day commonly Tsed by most men, and many women. 
 
 The dates of Mr, adterwards Sir John Hawkins' voyages to the 
 Weft Indies, are 
 
 The first Oct. 156a — Sept. 1563. 
 
 The second 18 Oct. 1564 — ao Sept. 1565. 
 
 ' the troublesome Toyadge • p Oct. 1567-25 Jan. 1568. 
 The account of the Second voyage, byJohnSparke the younger, 
 flates that Hawkins, ranging along the coaft of Florida for frefli 
 water in July 1565, came upon the French fettlement there under 
 Laudoniere : and in defcribing that country Sparke mentions that 
 the natives — 
 
On the Introduction of Tobacco into England. 85 
 
 The Floridians when they trauell haue a kinde of herbe dn'ed, which 
 with a cane, and an earthen cup in the end, with fire and the dried herbs 
 put together, do sucke thorow the cane the smoke thereof, which smoke 
 satisfieth their hunger, and therewith they hue foure or fiue dayes without 
 meat or drinke, and this all the Frenchmen vsed for this purpose : yet do they 
 holde opinion withall, that it causeth water and fleame to void from their sto- 
 macks. — Hakliiyt, p. 541. £d. 1589. 
 
 2. Howes, on the fame pafje as the preceding, ftates — 
 
 Apriaycks, Mellycatotts, Musk-Million and Tobacco, came into England 
 about the 20 j'eaje of Queene Elizabeth [ts?/]. 
 
 And adds in the margin — 
 
 Sir Walter Raleigh was the first that brought Tobacco into vse, when all 
 men wondred what it meant. 
 
 The date here given, fo far as Tobacco fmoking generally is 
 concerned, muft be wrong by about ten years. 
 
 III. Smoking appears to have been firft taught in England, 
 under the following circumflances : — 
 
 1. Sir Walter Raleigh's firfl Expedition took polTeffion of Vir- 
 ginia on 13 July 1584, and after a fix weeks' flay in the country, 
 retumed home.' The next year, a fecond expedition conveyed 
 out a colony under Mafter Ralph Lane, which remained in the 
 country from 17 Aug. 1585 to 18 Jime 1586: when Sir Francis 
 Drake and his fleet returning from his victorious raid in the Weft 
 Indies brought home the colony to the number of 103 perfons. 
 Among thefe was the celebrated mathematician Thomas Hariot, 
 who in his exceffively rare ' Briefe and true re/ort of the new fotind 
 
 land of Virginia : <&=r Imprinted at London 1588,' thus 
 
 defcribes Tobacco, and the adoption of the fmoking of it by thefe 
 Virginian colonifts. 
 
 There is an herbe which is sowed a part by it selfe and is called by the 
 inhabitants vpf>6ivoc: In the West Indies it hath diuers names, according to 
 the seuerall places and countries where it groweth and is vsed : The Spani- 
 ardes generally call it Tobacco. The leaues thereof being dried and brought 
 into powder : they vse to take the fume or smoke thereof by sucking it through 
 pipes made of claie into their stomacke and heade ; from whence it purgeth 
 superfluous fleame and other grosse humors, openeth all the pores and pass- 
 ages of the body : by which meanes the vse thereof, not only presenieth the 
 body from obstructions ; but also if any be, so that they haue not beene of 
 too long continuance, in short time breaketh them : wherby their bodies 
 are notably preserued in health, and know not many greeuous diseases 
 wherewithal! wee in England are oftentimes afllicted. 
 
 'I'his Vppdiuoc is of so precious estimation amongest them, that they thinke 
 their gods are maruelously delighted therwith ? Whereupon sometime they 
 make hallowed fires and cast some of the pouder therein for a sacrifice : being 
 in a storme vppon the waters, to pacifie their gods, they cast some vp into 
 the aire and into the water : so a weare for fish being newly set vp, they cast 
 some therein and into the aire : also after an escape of danger, they cast some 
 into the aire likewise : but all done with strange gestures, stamping, some- 
 time dauncing, clapping of hands, holding vp of hands, and staring vp into 
 the heauens, vttering therewithal and chattering strange words and noises. 
 
 We our selues during the time we were there vsed to suck it after their 
 maner, as also since our returne, and haue found manie rare and wonderful 
 experiments of the venues thereof; of which the relation would require a 
 
86 On the Introduction of Tobacco into England. 
 
 volume by it selfc : the vse of it by so manie of late, men and women of great 
 calling as else, and some learned Phisitions also, is sufficient witnes. 
 
 It would therefore appear that Raleigh himfelf had nothing to 
 do either with the introduction of the weed itfelf, or of the habit of 
 fmoking of it. Hawkins may have brouglit home a few fpecimens 
 of the plant in 1565 ; but for the importation of it in any quantity 
 and for tlie teaching of how to fmoke it, we are indebted to Mafter 
 Ralph Lane and to his fellow-colonifts, who acquired both from 
 the Indians, during the twelve months they were cut off from all 
 intercourfe witli their mother-coimtry. 
 
 2. Willhm Camden, who was fecond, afterwards Head Mafter 
 of Weftminfter School between 1575-1593, and confequently a 
 contemporary witnefs, in his Annales, publiftied in Latin in 1615, 
 at/. 388, gives this account ; of which this is the earlieft tranfla- 
 tion into Englifli. 
 
 These were the first 'that I know of) that brought at their returre into 
 England, that Indian Plant called Tobacco, or Nicotiana, which they vsed, 
 being instructed by the Indians, against crudities of the Stoniack. And 
 certcs since that time it is grown so frequent in vse, and of such price, that 
 many, nay, the most part, with an insatiable desire doe take of it, drawing 
 into their mouth the smoke thereof, which is a strong sent, through a Pipe 
 made of earth, and venting of it againe through their nose ; some for war.ton- 
 nesse, or rather fashion sake, and other for healths sake, insomuch that To- 
 b.icco shops are set \'p in greater number than either Alehouses or Taueines. 
 And as one said, but falsely, the bodies of such Englishmen, as are so much 
 delighted with this plant, did scenie to degenerate into the nature of the 
 Sauages, because they were caried away with the selfe-same thing, beleeuing 
 to obtaine and con-erue their health by the selfe-same meanes, as the barbari- 
 ans did.- — Bk. III. p. 107. Ed. 1625. 
 
 In the face of thefe fadls, attefted by early contemporary tefti- 
 mony : all accounts which reprefent Sir W. Raleigh as introduc- 
 ing Tobacco into England muft be confidered falfe in that refpedl. 
 Incidentally this agrees with the account — though in itfelf no 
 evidence — given in an undated 4 pp. tracft. The Venimmts Qua- 
 lities of Tobacco, apparently printed before 1650. 
 
 Tabacco is an ignite Plant, called by the native Americans Piciell; by 
 those of Hispaniola, Pete be Cenuci as by those of Ne^v France, Peti, 
 Petum, and Petunum. It was called by the French Nicotiana, from John 
 Nicotius Enib.issador to the king of France, who An. 1559, first sent this 
 Plant into France. But now it is generally by us European* termed Tabaco, 
 (which we improperly pronounce Tobacco a name first given it by the Spani- 
 ards from their Hand Tabaco, which abounded with tlys Plant; whereof had 
 Plato had as much experience as we, he would, without al peradventure, 
 have philosophised thereon. They say we are beholding to Sir Fjancis Drake's 
 Mariners for the knowledge and use of the Plant, who brought its Seed from 
 Virginie into England ahowl the year 1585. 
 
 IV. But while Sir Walter introduced neither the Herb nor the 
 manner of fmoking it, there is a general confent that he princi- 
 pally brought the habit of Tobacco-fmoking, or, as it was at firft 
 called, TohACL-o-drinking, into fafliion. His name, and his al- 
 moft exclufively, became identified with the new National Habit. 
 
 Yet even of this, we have but little demonftrative proof. 
 
On the Introduction of Tobacco into England. 87 
 
 It may, however, be well to give fome of the principal traditions 
 and legends on this point. 
 
 1. John Aubrey, F.R.S., in his Minutes of Z/zrj(7/'^w/«^«^ 
 3fen, of which his Introductory letter to Anthony i Wood is 
 dated 15 June 1680, gives the following in his life of Raleigh, 
 
 He was the first that brought tobacco into England, and into fashion. In 
 our part of North Wilts — e.g. Malmesbury hundred — it came first into 
 fashion by Sir Walter Long. They had first silver pipes. The ordinary sort 
 made use of a w^^lnut shell and a strawe. I have heard my grandfather Lyte 
 say, that one pipe was handed from man to man round the table. Sir W. 
 Raleigh standing in a stand at Sir Robert Poyntz parke, at Acton, tooke a 
 pipe of tobacco, which made the ladies quitt it till he had donne. Within 
 these 35 years, 'twas scandalous for a divine to take tobacco. It was sold 
 then for its wayte in siluer. I haue heard some of our old yeomen neighbours 
 say, that when they went to Malmesbury or Chippenham Market, they 
 culled out their biggest shillings to lay in the scales against the tobacco ; 
 now, the customes of it are the greatest his majestic hath. — Letters written 
 by Eminent Persons. Ed. by John Aubrey. /V. 512. ii^. 1813. 
 
 2. T. P. Malcolm, in his Londinium Redivivtim, w. p. 490, 
 Ed. 1801, flates. 
 
 ' There was a tradition, in the parish of .St. Mattliew, Friday Street, that 
 Sir Walter Raleigh and hir Hugh Myddleton often smoaked tobacco together 
 at the door of Sir Hugh's house' in that parish. 
 
 3. Thomas Pennant, in his Journey to Snowdon, p. 28, Ed. 
 1 781, which forms the fccond volume of his Tour in IVala, the 
 firfl of which was publiflied in 1778 ; gives the following account 
 of William Middleton : the third fon of Richard Middleton, 
 Governor of Denbigh Caftle, and brother to Sir Hugh Middle- 
 ton, the fixth fon in that family. 
 
 The particular information, from ' It is fayd' to +, is given on 
 the authority of the .Si-^r^V// i]A9.9., i.e. MSS. formerly belong- 
 ing to Mr. Eilward Lloyd, but lent to him by Sir John Sebright, 
 Bart., in whofe poffefTion they were, at the date of Pennant's 
 preface, l March 1781. The lad part of the paragraph is merely 
 Pennant's fpeculation: but there may be fome truth in tlie ]?IS. 
 legend. 
 
 The third, William, was a sea captain, and an eminent poet. His early 
 education was at Oxford: but his military turn led him abroad, where he 
 signalized himself as soldier and sailor. He translated the psalms into 
 VVelsli metre, and finished them on yun. 4th, 1595, npiid Scutum insiilam 
 occidentaliHin huiorum ; which, as well as his Barddoniaeth, or art of 
 Welsh poetry, were publi.shed in London; the first in 1603, the other in 
 1593. It is sayed, that he, with captain Tliomas Price, of PlAsyoliin, and 
 une captain Koei, *ere the first who smoked, or (as they called it) drank 
 tobacco publickly in London; and that the Londoners flocked from all parts 
 to see them.t Pipes were not then invented, so they used the twisted leaves, 
 OT segars. The invention is usually ascribed to Sir Walter Raleigh. It 
 may be so; but he was too good a courtier to smoke in public, especially in 
 the reign of James, who even condescended to write a book against the 
 practice, under the title of The Counter-blast to Tobacco. 
 
 4. A Phyfician [Dr. J. A. Paris] in A Guide to Mounts Bay 
 and Lands End, p. 39, Ed. 1824, flates. 
 
88 On the Ixtrodcctiox of Tobacco into England. 
 
 A tradition exists here, that Tobacco was first qn<JcH by Sir WsUUr 
 Raleigh in Penzaace. on his land.ng bom America. 
 
 Which legend is quite contrary to the facb. 
 
 B. William Oldvs, in his Life of Sir Walter Raleigh prefixed 
 to The Hijiory of the World, Ed. 1736, xxxiL, gives the follow- 
 ing from a 410 MS. entitled Apophthegms of the Englifli Natum, 
 then in the collection of Rodney Fane, Esq. 
 
 He (Sir W. Raleigh] assured her majesty (Queen Elizabeth] he had so 
 well experienced the nature of it, that he could tell her of what weight 
 even the smoke would be in any quantity propns'd to 1;< consum'd. Her 
 majesty fixing her thoughts upon the most impracticable pan of the experi- 
 ment, that of bounding the rm/ike in a. ba fiance, su5pected that he put the tra- 
 veller upon her, and would nctds lay him a wager he could not solve the doubt : 
 so he procured a quantity agreed upon to be thoroughly smok'd, then went to 
 weighing ; but it was of the ashes ; and in the condusion, what was wanting 
 in the prime weight of the tobacco, her majesty did not deny to have been 
 evaporated in smoke : and fiirtber said, that moMj lahtnerert im the [fire she 
 Mad heard o/toh^ turned their gold into smoke, but Ralegh toas the first 
 vaha had turned mteke into gold, 
 
 James Howell, Familiar Letters, HL 12, EJ. 1650, in a Letter 
 on Tobacco, incidentally confirms this ftory. 
 
 But if one would try a pretty conclusion how much smoak ther is in a 
 pound of Tobacco, the ashes will tell him ; for let a pound be exactly 
 weighed, and the a^he- kept diarily and weighed afterwards, what wants of 
 a pound weight in the ashes caiuiot be denied to have bin smoak, which 
 evaptHated into air ; I haue t^n told that Sir Walter Rawleigh won a wager 
 of Queea Elizabeth upon this nidty. 
 
 6. We ha%-e now come to a legend, perhaps the mod nntiiift- 
 worthy of all. 
 
 (l.) In Tarltotfs Je/ls, 1611, 4I0, there occurs the following 
 flory. 
 
 How Tarlto* tcehe tobacco at the first eommiug uf of it. 
 
 Tarlton, as other gentlemen used, at the first comming np of tobacco, did 
 take it more for fadnioa's sake than otherwise ; and being in a roome, set 
 between two men overcome with wine, and they never seeing the like, 
 wondred at it, and seeing the vapour come out of Tarlton's nose, cryed out: 
 fire* fire! and threw a cup of wine in Tarlton's face. Make no more stirre, 
 quoth Tarhon, the fire is quenched ; if the sherifies cnme, it will tume to a 
 fine, as the custome is. And drinking that againe : fie, saves the other, what 
 a stinke it makes : I am aloiost poysoaed. If it offend, saie> Tarlton, let's 
 et ery one take a little of the smdt. and so the savour will quickly goe : but 
 tobacco whiffcs made them leave him to pav alL — Shakesfeare's yest-Books, 
 Ed. by W. C. HazEtt. ii. 121. Ed 1864. 
 
 (2.) In 1619, Barnaby Rick inferted in the yir^'W edition of 
 751^ Irijh Hubbub, or the Etig/ijh Hue and Crie, a similar ftory. 
 
 I icmember a pretty iest of Tobacco. That was this. \ certainc Welch- 
 man comming newly to London, and beholding one to take tobacco, neucr 
 seeing the like before, and not knowing the manner of it, but perceiuing him 
 vent smoake so fiut, and supposing hb inward parts to be on fire : cried out, 
 O Ihesu, Ihesu man, /or the passion of Cod hold.fitr by Cods s^ud tjr 
 snowts OH fire, and hauing a bowle of b cerc in his hand, threw it at th: 
 others face to quench his smoking nose. — •/. 45. 
 
 (3.) To fomewhat fimilar purport is the legend of Sir W. Raleigh 
 and the Tankard of Ale. Of this ftory, though evidently current 
 ^ the feventeenth century, Oldys could quote no earlier authority 
 < >y^ The Britijh ApoUo^'l^Y^di. p. 376, London 1726: and we 
 
On the Introduction of Tobacco into England. 89 
 
 can only adduce the authority of the firfl edition of the fame 
 work. 
 
 The BritiJJi Apollo was a bi-weekly periodical ' Perfomi'd by 
 a Society of Gentlemen,' partly devoted to tlie explanation of 
 difficulties in Divinity, Mathematics, Love, and fuch like, and 
 partly to Poetry and Political News. In itfelf of no authority 
 whatever, it merely difpenfed its modicums of current knowledge 
 from the learned to the general public. 
 
 In Vol. I, No. 43, publifhed on July 7, 1708, occur the fol- 
 lowing queflion and anfvver. 
 
 Q. Gentlemen, Pray hoiu long is it since, the smoaking Tobacco, and the 
 taking Snnff hath been in Use here in England; the titne ivhcii they were 
 first brought over, and how, or by whom. Your Humble Servant, H. S. 
 
 A. SnulT, tho' the Use of it has been long known to such, as were by mer- 
 chandizing or other means, familiar with the Spanish Cuslomes, has been 
 till lately a perfect Stranger to the Practice of the British Nation, and like 
 our other Fashions came to us from France, but the Use of Tobacco-smoak- 
 ing, was introduc'd by Sir Walter Rawleigh, in the Reign of Queen Eliza- 
 beth ; and since a comical story depends upon the Relation, it may not be 
 unacceptable to the Querist and the Publick. 
 
 Sir Walter having imitated the Indians by delighting in their Favorite 
 Weed, was unwilling to disuse it, and therefore at his return to England, 
 supplied himself with some Hogsheads, which he plac'd in his own Study, 
 and generally indulg'd himself in .Smoaking secretly, two Pipes a Day: at 
 which times he order'd a Simple Fellow, who waited at his Study Door, to 
 bring him up a lankard of old Ale and Nutmeg, always laying aside the 
 Pipe, when he heard his Servant coming ; But while he was one day, 
 earnestly iniploy'd in Reading something, which amus'd him, The Fellow 
 enter'd, and surprizing his Master, as the Smoak ascended thickly from his 
 Mouth and the Bole of the Pipe, he threw the Ale directly in his Face; and 
 njnning down Stairs alarm'd the Family with repeated Exclamations, that 
 his Master was on fire in the in-side, and before they could get up Stairs 
 would be burnt to Ashes. 
 
 How much this legend wanders from the fadls of the cafe, will 
 be apparent from the above. There may, however, be earlier 
 accounts of this (lory in a more credible form : but we have not 
 met with them. The flory may poffibly have been connedled 
 with other names befides Tarleton, the Welflunan, and Raleigh. 
 
 Oldys, in quoting the legend, remarks. 
 
 This I say, if true, has nothing in it of more surprising or unparallel'd 
 simplicity, than there was in that poor Korivegian, who upon the first sight 
 of Roses could not be induced to touch, tho' he saw them groiv, being so 
 amazed to behold trees budding with /ire; or, to come closer by way of 
 retaliation, than there was in those Virginians themselves, who, the first 
 time they seized upon a quantity of Giin-/>otvder which belong'd to the F.nglish 
 colony, sow'd it /or grain, or the seed of some strange vegetable in the earth, 
 with full expectation of reaping a plentiful crop of combustion by the next 
 harvest to scatter their enemies. Li/e of Sir W. Raleigh, ux.ri. Ed. 1736. 
 
 6. We may conclude this firing of flories, with a truflworthy 
 account of Sir W. Raleigh's Tobacco Box. Oldys in his Li/e, 
 xxxi. Note e, Ed. 1736, tells us, that 
 
 Being at Leeds in Yorkshire, soon after Mr. Ralph Tkoresby the anti- 
 quary died, Anno 1725. I saw his Muscejiin; and in it, among other rarities, 
 what himself has publickly call'd (in the catalogue thereof, annexed to his 
 ««//y?«V/>j of that town) Sir Walter Ralegh's tobacco box. From the best 
 of my memory, I can resemble its outward appearance to nothing more 
 
90 On the Introduction of Tobacco into England. 
 
 nearly than one of our modem Muff-cases; about the same height and width, 
 cover'd with red leather, and open"d at top but with a hinge, I think like 
 one oi thcJse. In the inside, there was a cavity for a receiver of glass or 
 metal, which might hold half a pound or a pound of tobacco ; and from the 
 edge of the receiver at top, to the edge of the box, a circular stay or collar, 
 with holes in it, to plant the tobacco about, with six or eight pipes to smoke 
 it in. This travelling box, u-ith the MSS. Medals and other rarities in its 
 company, descending to a young clergv'man, the son of the deceased, was 
 soon after reported to have been translated to London. 
 
 V. The general credence and aflbciation of Smoking with 
 Sir W. Raleigh being remembered ; may it not be taken as proof 
 of a malignancy towards him — even thus early — on the part of 
 the Writer of the Couiiterblajle ; in that he depreciates ' the firft 
 Author' as neither King, great Conqueror, nor learned Doclor 
 of Phyficke,' and affirms the cuftome to be 'brought in by a 
 father fo generally hated ;' in that he wilfully or ignorantly falfi- 
 fies the hillory of the Introduilion of Tobacco ; concocting a de- 
 grading ftory for his purpofe. 
 
 VI. We have now but to notice the early beginnings of the 
 Tobacco Controverfy, which — fometimes flumbering, fometimes 
 raging — has lafted to our own time, and will yet go on. It 
 created a larger early Tobacco literature in England than is gene- 
 rally thought, or than we have been able to trace. It raged over 
 Europe as well as in England. 
 
 And licre we may exprefs fome aftonifliment that no one among 
 the countlefs myriads of Smokers, has ever written a Hiflory of 
 the Tobacco Literature and of the progrefs of Smoking tiirough 
 civilized and uncivilized communities, even unto this laft age, 
 wherein the Whahabees of Arabia punifh it, under the name of 
 Drinking the Jhamefnl with death. Of Iketches there are feveral . 
 Mr. F. Tiedeman has given an excellent one of the general 
 Introduction of the plant into Europe, in his GefchichU des Ta- 
 baks, etc., Frankfort, 1852. Mr. F. W. Fairholt in his Hijlory 
 of Tobacco, London 1 842, has given a good inflalment towards a 
 Hiftory of the fubject : while A Paper: of Tobacco, by Jofeph 
 Fume'[W. A. Chatto) London, 1832, is a flighter ftudy ftill. 
 Another work, A Pinch of Snuff, London, 1837, I liave been 
 unable to meet with. Dr. H. W. Cleland in his privately printed 
 work On the Hiflory and Properties, Chemical and Medical, of 
 Tobacco, Glasgow, July 1840 — which work also we have not had 
 the advantage of confulting — gives a lift of 150 works on this 
 fubjecL All thefe modem works are but helps to the future Hif- 
 torian of Tobacco. 
 
 VII. To thefe ; we can add here but another (ketch of the 
 earlier Controverfy ; and that a very limited one. It will be con- 
 venient to give the notices under each jear : dwelling more par- 
 ticularly on thofe which incidentally illuftrate the growth of the 
 Habit, as well as the progrefs of the Controverfy. . 
 
On the Early Use of Tobacco in England. 91 
 
 1587. De Herha Panacea, written by GiLES EVARARD, latinized 
 /Egidius Everardus, may be jiift mentioned : becaufe it formed 
 the text of a larger Englifh work, Panacea : published in London 
 in 1659. 
 
 1595. William Barley had a licence to print a Treatife de- 
 scribing the nature of Tobacco. Herbert's Ames, ii. 277. 
 
 1596. Ben Jonson, in Every Man in his Htimoiir, Act in. 
 Sc. 2, acted on 25th November 1596, thus very skilfully represents 
 both sides of tlje controversy, in the speeches of BobadiUa and Cob. 
 
 Bohadilla. Body of me : here's the remainder of seuen pound, since yes- 
 terday was seuennight. It's your right Trinidado : did you neuer take any, 
 signior ? 
 
 Stephana. No truly sir ? but i'le learne to take it now, since you commend 
 it so. 
 
 BobadiUa. Signior beleeue me, (vpon my relation) for what I tel you, the 
 w-orld shall not improue. I haue been in the Indies (where this herbe grower) 
 where neither myselfe, nor a dozen Gentlemen more (of my knowledge) haue 
 receiued the taste of any other nutriment, in the world, for the space of one 
 and twentie weekes, but Tabacco onely. Therefore it cannot be but 'tis 
 most diuine. Further, lake it in the nature, in the true kinde so, it makes an 
 Antidote, that had you taken the most deadiv poysonous simple in all Flor- 
 ence, it should expell it, and clarifie you, with as much ease, as I speak. 
 
 And for your greene wound, your Balsamum, and your are all meere 
 
 gullerics, and trash to it, especially your Trinidado ; your Ne^ocotian is 
 good too : I could say what I know of the vertue of it, for the exposing of 
 rewmes, raw humors, crudities, obstructions, with a thousand of this kind ; 
 but I professe my selfe no quacke-saluer : only thus much : by Hercules I 
 doe holde it, and will affirme it (before any Prince in Europe) to be the most 
 foueraigne, and pretious herbe, that euer the earth tcndred to the vse of 
 man. 
 
 Immediately afterwards ; he'makes Cob reprefent the other side. 
 Cob. By gods deynes : I marie what pleasure or felicitie they haue in 
 taking this rogish Tabacco : it's good for nothing but to choake a man, and 
 fill him full of smoake, and imbers: there were foure died out of one house 
 last weeke with taking of it, and two more the bell went for yester-night, 
 one of them ithey .say) will ne're scape it, he voyded a busliell of soote yes- 
 ter-day, vpward and downeward By the stockes ; and there wore no wiser 
 men then I, I'ld haue it present death, man or woman, that should but deale 
 with a Tabacco pipe ; why, it will stifle them all in the'nd as many as vse 
 it; it's little better than rats bane. Ed. 1601. 
 
 (3.) Tobacco is faid not to be alluded to by Shakefpeare or in 
 the Arabian Nights. 
 
 (4.) It is often noticed by other Englifli dramatifts : as Dekker 
 and others later on. See alfo Malone, ////?. Ace. of the EngliJJt 
 Stage, p. 584. 
 
 1597. Thomas Gerard, ' Master in Chiurvrgeric,' figures and 
 defcribes the Tobacco plant in The Herbal or General Histoire of 
 Plantes, Bk. ii. pp. 285-9. 
 
 1597. Bp. Joseph Hall publifhes his Satires, in which he al- 
 ludes to Tobacco Smoking, Bk. iv. Sat. 4 ; Bk. v. Sat. 2. 
 
 1598. Paul Hentzner, in his Latin Itinerarium under 
 Augufl 1598, has a paflage, of which the following is a tranfla- 
 tion by Mr. W. B. Rye : — 
 
 At the.se spectacles, and everywhere else, the English are const.nntly smok- 
 ing the Nicotian weed, which in America is called Tobaca — others call it 
 Pietum — \i.e. Fetun, the Brazilian name for Tobacco, from which the allied 
 
92 On the Early Use of Tobacco in England. 
 
 beautiful plant 'AEtunia' derives its appellatioii.] and generaUy in tlus 
 manoer: they have pipes on purpose made of clay, into the farther end of 
 which they pat the herb, so dry that it may be rubbed into powder, and 
 lig^ttiDg it, they draw the soM^e into their mouths, which they puflf out again 
 through their nostrils like funnels, along with it plenty of phlegm and de- 
 flaxioa from the bead. — EngUmd at seen by Foreigners, /. 216, ed. 1863. 
 
 1599. Henrv Buttes, M.A. and Fellowof CC.C, inQam- 
 bridge], wrote a strange work, DiHs Dry Dintur, of which title 
 he gives this explaoation — 
 
 Dyett dry Dinner. That is, varietie of Fare ; prouided, prepared and or- 
 dered, at DyeU own prt^cr:pt:-n : -n-hr^-c scmr!':* nnd AttendsTit si thk feast 
 I professe my selfL " ' '. .~ ' '-nier, 
 
 not only Caninnr t all 
 
 drinke except Ta: . e to 
 
 be fiked of many. \> r.a; ere it :>e a~ r.e siii.'-. m the LoneCic-) J/aCi-as vt 
 Kacta, take it as you finde it, and welcome. More then which I cannot pei- 
 Sovm. 
 
 The following preface To my Country-men Readers, is fo allu- 
 five that its entire inferti(Hi may be pardoned, though it wander a 
 little from oar fubjecl : — 
 
 Welcome courteous GMintreymen. I meane especially Nor/flkmten. Far 
 tley arc true Catholiques in matter of Dyet : no Recusants of any thing that 
 is mans meate. I bid all in general, excepting only such as are affniyed of 
 roasted Pigge, a breast or I^ge of Muuoo. a Ducke &c To conclude, I 
 forbid no man, but ium onely that hath inaried a wife and cannot come. So 
 man shall loose his labour. Here are Lettuses for euery mans lips. For the 
 Northeren-man, WUie-meatei, Bee/t, it niton. Venison : fortiieSimiAeme- 
 tnan, Fndtes, Henries, Fowle, FisJk, Sfiice, and Saner. As for the Middle- 
 sex or L,ondoner, I smell his Diet. P'esdtur anra cetkeria. Here is a Pipe 
 of right Trinidada for him. The Yorkers they will be content with bald 
 Tabacodocto. What should I say T here is good %'eale for the Essex-man : 
 passing Leekes and excellent Cheese for the Welsh-man. Deniqne quid non T 
 Mary, here are neither Eg-^es for die Lancashire-man, nor Ivag-tayles far 
 the Kentish-man. But tluit is all one, here is other good cbeere enough. 
 And what is wanting in meate, shall bee supplyed in kinde veloome and offi- 
 cious attendance. 
 
 Least any thing sixiidd be amisse, or mis^g to ihee, I hane my selfe (for 
 fault of a better; taken xpoa me all sudi Offices as any way cooceme this 
 Diimer. 
 
 1 Chojse. First, I am Cat^fr: and haue prouided the very dimse of such 
 dayntics as Natures Market aiToordetfa. 
 
 3 VsE. Secondly, I am Taster: commending each dish to thy Palate, ac- 
 cording to his ri^ht vse and vertue. 
 
 3 Hoirr. And (since nothii^ is so pcrfecdy good, as it partaketh of no eiiill 
 f up e ity ) I haue put into a by-3ish like Eg-skelles in a Saucer what worthily 
 may breed offence. Herein imitating a merry Grreke, who esp>-ing an haire 
 in a (Ush of Butter, called for another dish and di&bed it by it self. 
 
 4 Preparation or Corkectiok. ITiirdly, I play the Cooke : so prqiar- 
 ing. seasoning, and sandng the harmeftill disposition of euery meat, as it 
 shall be either in whole abonshed, or in part qualified. 
 
 (3] Degree, Season, Age, Cosstitutio.'*. Lastly, I assume the Cor- 
 ners office : and ^\^\rm^ noted the nature and operanon of each particular 
 dispense to eoery of my Gu«ts acooiding to the Season, his Age, and Coo- 
 stitntioii. 
 
 Thus very mdely, I obtrude mto thee not a banquet, but a byt rather of 
 each dish SckoUer-liiely, that is, badly carucd. For Schollenare had Car- 
 uers. Do thoti, by thy kindly feeding on Dyets dry Dinner, but cause thy 
 selfe to thirst for Dyets Drinking: and I shall with like alacritj', act thy Cup- 
 bearer. Wherefore tmtill ifaou beest Dry drunke, Fare-welL Thy Country 
 H. Buttes. 
 
Of the Early Use of Tobacco in England. 93 
 
 Applying his method, Buttes thus difcourfes of Tabacco : 
 
 Choise. Translated out of India in the seed or roote ; Natiue or satiue in 
 our own fruitfullest soiles : Dried in the shade, and compiled very close: of 
 a tawny colour, somwhat inclining to red: most perspicuous and cleare: 
 which the Nose soonest taketh in snuffe. 
 
 VsE. It cureth any griefe, dolour, epilation, impostume, or obstruction, 
 proceeding of cold or winde : especially in the head or breast : the leaues are 
 good against the Migram, cold stomackes, sick kidnies, tooth-ache, fits of 
 the moother, naughty breath, scaldings or burnings : 4. ounces of the iuyce 
 drunk, piirgeth vp and downe : cleanseth the eyes, being outwardly applied. 
 The water distilled and taken afore the fits, cureth an Ague. 
 
 The fume taken in a Pipe is good against Rumes, Catarrhs, hoarsenesse, 
 ache in the head, stomacke, lungs, breast : also in want of meat, drinke, 
 slccpe, or rest.' 
 
 Hurt. Mortifieth and benummeth : causeth drowsinesse : troubleth and 
 duUeth the sences : makes (as it were) drunke : dangerous in meale time. 
 
 Correction. The leaues be-ashed or wanned in imbers and ashes : taken 
 once a day at most, in ye morning, fasting. 
 
 Degree. Hot and dry in the second : of a stifTening and soddering natiire. 
 Also disensing and dissoluing filthy humours, consisting of contrary qualities. 
 
 Season. Age. Constitition. In Winter and the Spring, for hot, strong, 
 youthful, and fat bodies only, as some thinke. 
 
 Buttes alfo compofcs A Satyrkall Epigram, vpon the wanton, 
 and excejjiite %>fe of Tabacco. 
 
 IT chaunc'd me gazing at the Theater, 
 To spie a Lock-Tabacco-Chevalier, 
 
 Clowding the loathing ayr with foggie fume 
 
 Of Dock-Tabacco, friendly foe to rume. 
 
 I wisht the Roman lawes seuerity : Alex. seu. Edict. 
 
 W/io smoke selleth, with smoke be don to dy. 
 
 Being well nigh smouldred with his sniokie stir, 
 
 I gan this wize bespeak my gallant Sir : 
 
 Certes, me ihinketh i,Sir) it ill beseems, 
 
 Thus here to vapour out these reeking steams : 
 
 Like or to Maroes steeds, whose nosthrils flam'd; 
 
 Or Plinies Nosemen (mouthles men) .surnam'd, 
 
 Whose breathing nose supply'd Mouths absency. 
 
 He me regreets with this prophane reply : 
 
 Nay; I resemble (Sir) Je/ioua/i dread, 
 
 From out whose nosthrils a smoake issued : 
 
 Or the mid-ayrs congealed region. 
 
 Whose stomach with crude humors frozenon 
 
 Sucks vp Tabacco-like the vpmost ayr. 
 
 Enkindled by Fires neighbour candle fayr : 
 
 And hence it spits out watry reums amaine. 
 
 As phle.amy snow, and haile, and sheerer ralne : 
 
 Anon it smoakes beneath, it flames anon. 
 
 Sooth then, quoth I, it's safest we be gon. 
 
 Lest there arise some Ignis Fatuits 
 
 From out this smoaking flame, and choken vs. 
 On English foole : wanton Italianly : 
 Go Frenchly : Duchly drink : breath Indianly. 
 
 He then gives this Storiefor Table-talke. 
 
 This Hearbe is of great Antiquitie and high respect among the Indians, 
 and especially those of America or new Spain. Of whom the Spaniards 
 tooke it, after they had subdued those Countries, first vpon a likiiig of the 
 hearbe verie faire and glorious to the eye ; afterward vpon triall of his vertues 
 woi thie admiration. 
 
 The Name in India is Pilciet, sumamed Tabacco by the Spaniard, of the 
 
94 Ox THE Early Use of Tobacco in England. 
 
 ile Tabaco. By their meanes it spred farre and neare : but yet wee are not 
 beholden to their tradition. Our English Vlisses, renomed .Syr Walter 
 JiaTvUigh, a man admirablj' e.xcellent in Nauigation, of X.itures priuy coun- 
 sell, and infinitely reade in the wide booke of the worlde, hath both farre 
 fetcht it, and deare bought it : the estimate of the treasure I leaue to other : 
 yet this all know, since it came in request, there hath bene Magwis /unii 
 questtu, and Fiinii-vetuiulus is the best Epithite for an Apothecarj-. 
 
 Thus much late Histories tell vs ; amon^ the Indians it is so highly hon- 
 oured, that when the Priests are consulting in matter of importance, they 
 presently cast Tabacco into the fire, and receiue at their nose and mouth, 
 the smoak through a Cane, till they fall downe dead-drunke. Afterward 
 reuiuing againe, they giue answeres according to the phanta^mes and \'iaions, 
 which appeared to them in their sleepe. 
 
 1602. (i) " Work for Chimmy-fweepers : or A ■warning/or To- 
 bacconijls. Defcribing the pernicious ^•fe of Tobacco, no leffe 
 pleafant than profitable for all forts to reade : Fumiis fatria, 
 Jgne alieno iMctiUntior. As much to fay, Better be chokt with 
 Englifti hemp, then poifoned with Indian Tabacco." Written 
 by Philareti:s, who alleges eight reafons againft Tobacco ; 
 whereof one is — 
 
 7 Seauenthly, for that the first author and finder hereof was the Diuell, 
 and the first practisers of the same were the Diuells Priests, and therefore not 
 to be vsed of vs Christians. 
 
 (2.) This provoked "A Defetue of Tabacco: with a friendly 
 answer to the late printed Booke called IVorke for Chimney- 
 sweepers. Si iudicas, cognofe : fi Rex es, inbe. " 
 
 (3.) Sir William Valghan, in his A^atttrall and Artificiall 
 Dire(flions for health, dr'c. Sect. ii. ch. 8. Of Hearbes. p. 22. 
 
 Cane Tabacco well dryed, and taken in a siluer pipe, fasting in the morn- 
 ing, cureth the megrim, the tooth ache, obstructions proceeding of cold, and 
 helpeth the fits of the mother. After meales it doth nmch hurt, for it infect- 
 eth the braine and the hues. 
 
 In his fourth edition of this work, publiflied in 1613, he al- 
 tered his mind and wrote againft Smoking. 
 
 (4.) Another anonymous work dedicated ' To my loving Friend 
 Mafter Michael Drayton,' appeared, entitled The Metamorphofu 
 of Tabacco. It opens with the following lines : — 
 I sing the loues of the superiour powers, 
 With the faire mother of all fragrant flowers : 
 From which first loue a glorious Simple springs, 
 Belou'd of heau'nly Gods, and earthly Kmgs. 
 Let others in their wanton verses chaunt 
 A beautious face that doth their senses daunt. 
 And on their Muses wings lift to the skie 
 The radiant beames of an inchaunting eye. 
 Me let the sound of great Tabaccoes praise 
 A pitch aboue those Toue-sicke Poets raise : 
 Let me adore with ray thrice-happie pen 
 The sweete and sole delight of mortall men. 
 The Comu-copia of all earthly pleasure. 
 Where bank-rupt Nature hath consum'd her treasure, 
 A worthie plant springing from Floraes hand. 
 The blessed ofspnng of an vncouth land. 
 
 1604. In the course of thisyear ; there was anonymoufly publifhed 
 
iSvS^ sc^& 
 
 m^ jm. 
 
 ^<,^t^stfJA 
 
 A 
 
 COVNTER 
 
 BLASTE TO 
 
 Tobacco. 
 
 ■^s^ac i — 
 
 -tx^- 
 
 ►tSU' 
 
 •" Imprinted at London 
 
 by R. B. 
 
 Anno 1604. 
 
^ To The Reader. 
 
 euery humane body {deare Conntrey men) 
 hou' wlwhfomi foeuer, is notwithjlanditig 
 fubicfl, oratUaJi naturally irulhud to fome 
 forts of difeafes, or infirmities : fo is there 
 no Common-wealthy or Body-politicke, how 
 well gotierned, or peaccabU foeiur it bee, that laches the 
 owne popular errors, and naturally endined corruptions : 
 and therefore is it no wonder, although this our Countrey 
 and Common-'wealth, though peaceable, though wealthy, 
 though longflourifhingin both, be amongst tlie refl, fubieB 
 to the owne naturall infirmities. We are of all Nations^ 
 the people most louing and fnost reuerently obedient to our \ 
 Prince, yet are wee (as time hath often borne witneffe) \ 
 too eafu to be feduced to make Rebellion, tpon very flight » 
 grounds. Our fortunate and oft prooued valour in \ 
 warres abroad, our heartie and reuerent obedience to our j 
 Princes at home, hath bred vs a long^ and a thrice happy 
 peace : Our Peace hath bred wealth : And Peace and 
 wealth luzth brought foortk a generall flu^fhncfse, wliich 
 makes vs wallow in all forts of idle delights, and foft 
 delicacies, the firfl f cedes of the fubuerfion of all great 
 Monarchies. Our Cleargie are become n^ligent and 
 lazie, our Nobilitie and Genirie prodigcUl, and folde to 
 
To The Reader. 97 
 
 their priiiate delights, Our Lmvyers couetous, our Com- 
 moji-people prodigall and curious ; and geim-ally ail forts 
 of people jnore carefull for their priuat ends, theti for 
 their 7nother the CommoiKvealth. 
 
 For remedie whereof, it is tJie Kings part {as the pro- 
 per Phifuian of his Politicke-body) to purge it of all thofe 
 dif cafes, by Medicines meet e for the fame : as by a certaine 
 milde, and yet iufl forme of goner nment, to maiutaitie the 
 Publicke quictneffe, and preuent all occafions of Commo- 
 tion : by the example of his owne Perfori and Court, to 
 inake vs all afJiamed of our fluggifli dclicacie, and to 
 flirre vs vp to the praHife againe of all honest exer- 
 cifes, and Martiall JJiadowes of VVar?-e ; As like- 
 wife by his, and his Courts moderateneffe in Apparell, 
 to make vs afliamed of our pi'odigalitie : By his quicke 
 admonitions and carefull ouerfeeing of the Cleargie, to 
 waken them vp againe, to be fnore diligent in their Offices : 
 By thejiiarpetriall, and fcuere ptiniflivient of thepartiall, 
 couetous andbribing Lawyers , to reforjne their corruptions: 
 And generally by the example of his owne Perfon, and 
 by the due execution of good Lawes, to reforme and abolifli, 
 piece and piece, thefe old and euill grounded abufes. For 
 this will not bee Opus vnius diei, but as euery one of thefe 
 difeaf's, mvflfrcm the King receiue the 07vne aire proper 
 for it, fo are there fome forts of abufes in Common- 
 wealths, that though they be of fo bafe a7id cotifemptible 
 a condition, as they are too low for the Laiv to looke on, 
 and too m cane for a King to interpone his authoritic, or 
 bend his eye vpon : yet are they corruptions, afwell as the 
 greatcfl of them. So is an Ant an Animal, afwell as an 
 Elephant : fo is a VVren7ie Auis, afwell as a Swaimei 
 andfo is a fmall di?it of the Toothake, a difeafe afice 
 as the f carefull Plague is. But for thefe bafe forts of 
 corruption in Cominon-wealthes, not onely the King, or 
 
98 To The Reader. 
 
 any inferior Magijlrate, but Quilibet ^ populo may 
 ferue to be a Phifician, by difcouering and ivipugn- 
 ing tlu error, and by perfivading reformation t/ureof. 
 
 And furely in my opinion, there cannot be a more bafe, 
 and yet hurtfull, corruption in a Countrey, then is the 
 vile vfe {or other abufe) of taking Tobacco in this King- 
 dome, which hath mooued me, fJiortly to difcouer the 
 abufcs ther^f in tJiis following little Pamplilet. 
 
 If any thinke ii a light Argument, fo is it but a toy 
 that is bef lowed vpon it. And fince the SubieH is but of 
 Smoke, I thinke the fume of an idle braine, may feriufor 
 afuffidait battery against fo fumous aud feeble an enemy. 
 If my pounds be found true, it is all I lookefor; but if 
 they cary the force of perfwafion with Hum, it is all I can 
 wifli, and more then I can expefl. My onely care is, thai 
 you, my deare Countrey-men, may rightly conceiue euen 
 
 by this fmallest trifle, of the finceritie of my meaning 
 
 in greater matters, neuer to f pare any 
 
 paine, that may tend to the 
 
 procuring of your weale 
 
 and profperitic 
 
A 
 COUNTERBLASTE TO 
 
 Tobacco. 
 
 -tUH 
 
 'tKl' 
 
 ►MH« 
 
 pra@ra| 
 
 
 pij' 
 
 
 a.-.-^-vX: 
 
 Hat the manifolde abufes of this vile 
 cuflome of Tobacco taking, may the 
 better be efpied, it is fit, that firfl you 
 enter into confideration both of the 
 firfl originall thereof, and hkewife of 
 the reafons of the firfl entry thereof 
 into this Countrey. For certainely 
 as fuch cuflomes, that haue their firfl 
 inflitution either from a godly, neceffary, or honorable 
 ground, and are firfl brought in, by the meanes of fome 
 worthy, vertuous, and great Perfonage, are euer, and 
 mofl iuflly, holden in great and reuerent eflimation and 
 account, by all wife, vertuous, and temperate fpirits: So 
 fhould it by the contrar)', iuflly bring a great difgracein to 
 that fort of cuflomes, which hauing their originall from 
 bafe corruption and barbarity, doe in like fort, make 
 their firfl entry into a Countrey, by an inconfiderate 
 and childifh affetlation of Noueltie, as is the true cafe 
 of the firfl, inuention of Tobacco taking, and of the firfl 
 entry thereof among vs. For Tobacco being a common, 
 herbe, which (though vnder diuers names) growes 
 
1 oo A counterblajle to Tobacco. 
 
 almofl. euery where, was firfl found out by fome of the 
 barbarous Indians, to be a Preferuatiue, or Antidot 
 againfl the Pockes, a filthy difeafe, whereunto thefe 
 barbarous people are (as all men know) very much 
 fubiedl, what through the vncleanly and aduft confli- 
 tution of their bodies, and what through the intemperate 
 heate of their Climat : fo that as from them was firfl 
 brought into Chriftendome, that mofl deteflable dif- 
 eafe, fo from them likewife was brought this vfe of 
 Tobacco, as a (linking and vnfauorie Antidot, for fo 
 corrupted and execrable a Maladie, the (linking Suf- 
 fumigation whereof they yet vfe againfl that difeafe, 
 making fo one canker or venime to eate out another. 
 
 And now good Countrey men let vs (I pray you) 
 confider, what honour or policie can mooue vs to imi- 
 tate the barbarous and beaftly maners of the wilde, 
 godleffe, and flauifh Indians, efpecially in fo vile and 
 ft-inking a cuftome ? Shall wee that difdaine to imitate 
 the maners of our neighbour France (hauing the flile 
 of the firfl Chriflian Kingdom) and that cannot endure 
 the fpirit of the Spaniards (their King being now com- 
 parable in largenes of Dominions, to the great Empe- 
 ror of Turkic) Shall wee, I fay, that haue bene fo long 
 ciuill and wealthy in Peace, famous and inuincible in 
 Warre, fortunate in both, we that haue bene euer able 
 to aide any of our neighbours (but neuer deafed any 
 of their eares with any of our fupplications for affifl- 
 ance) fhall we, I fay, without blufliing. abafe ourfelues 
 fo farre, as to imitate thefe beaflly Indians, llaues to 
 the Spaniards, refufe to the world, and as yet aliens 
 from the holy Couenant of God ? Why doe we not 
 as well imitate them in walking naked as they doe? in 
 preferring glaffes, feathers, and fuch toyes, to golde 
 and precious flones, as they doe ? yea why do we not 
 denie God and adore the Deuill. as they doe? 
 
 Now to the corrupted bafen effe of the firfl vfe of 
 this Tobacco, doeth very well agree the foolifh and 
 groundleffe firfl entry thereof into this Kingdome. It 
 is not fo long fince the firfl entr)' of this abufe amongfl 
 vs here, as this prefent age cannot yet very well re- 
 
A coimterblajle to Tobacco. loi 
 
 member, both the firfl Author, and the forme of the 
 firfl introdudlion of it amongfl vs. It was neither 
 brought in by King, great Conquerour, nor learned 
 Doctor of Phificke. 
 
 With the report of a great difcouery for a Conquefl, 
 fome two or three Sauage men, were brought in, 
 together with this Sauage cuflome. But the pitie is, 
 the poore wilde barbarous men died, but that vile 
 barbarous cuflome is yet aliue, yea in frefla vigor : fo 
 as it feemes a miracle to me, how a cuflome fpringing 
 from fo vile a ground, and brought in by a father fo 
 generally hated, fliould be welcomed vpon fo flender 
 a warrant. For if they that firfl put it in practife heere, 
 liad remembred for what refpe^l it was vfed by them 
 from whence it came, I am fure they would haue bene 
 loath, to haue taken fo farre the imputation of that 
 difeafe vpon them as they did, by vfing the cure 
 thereof. For Sanis nan ejl opus medico, and counter- 
 poifons are neuer vfed, but vvhere poyfon is thought 
 to precede. 
 
 i5ut fince it is tnie, that diuers cuflomes flightly 
 grounded, and with no better warrant entred in a 
 Commonwealth, may yet in the vfe of them thereafter, 
 prooue both neceffary and profitable ; it is therefore 
 next to be examined, if there be not a full Sympathie 
 and true Proportion, betweene the bafe ground and 
 foolifh entrie, and the loathfome, and hurtfuU vfe of 
 this flinking Antidote. 
 
 I am now therefore heartily to pray you to confider, 
 firfl vpon what falfe and erroneous grounds you haue 
 firfl built the generall good liking thereof ; and next, 
 what finnes towards God, and foolifli vanities before 
 the world you commit, in the deteflable vfe of it. 
 
 As for thefe deceitfuU grounds, that haue fpecially 
 mooued you to take a good and great conceit thereof, 
 I fhall content my felfe to examine here onely foure of 
 the principals of them ; two founded vpon the Theo- 
 ricke of a deceiuable apparance of Reafon, and two 
 of them vpon the miflaken Pradlicke of generall 
 Experience. 
 
I02 A count erblajle to Tobacco. 
 
 Firfl, it is thought by you a fure Aphorifme in the 
 Phyfickes, That the braines of all men, beeing natur- 
 ally colde and wet, all dry and hote things fhould be 
 good for them ; of which nature this {linking fuffumi- 
 gation is, and therefore of good vfe to them. Of this 
 Argument, both the Propofition and Affumption are 
 falfe, and fo the Conclufion cannot but be voyd of it 
 felfe. For as to the Propofition, That becaufe the 
 braines are colde and moifl, therefore things that are hote 
 and drie are befl for them, it is an inept confequence : 
 For man beeing compounded of the foure Complexions, 
 (whofe fathers are the foure Elements) although there 
 be a mixture of them all in all the parts of his body, 
 yet mud the diuers parts of our Microcofme or little 
 world within our felues, be diuerfly more inclined, fome 
 to one, fome to another complexion, according to the 
 diuerfitie of their vfes, that of thefe difcords a perfedl 
 harmonic may bee made vp for the maintenance of 
 the whole body. 
 
 The application then of a thing of a contrar>' nature, 
 to any of thefe parts, is to interrupt them of their due 
 fun6lion, and by confequence hurtfull to the health 
 of the whole body. As if a man, becaufe the Liuer is 
 hote (as the fountaine of blood) and as it were an 
 ouen to the (lomacke, would therfore apply and 
 weare clofe vpon his Liuer and flomacke a cake of 
 lead ; he might within a ver}' fhort time (I hope) be 
 fufleined very good cheape at an Ordinarie, befide 
 the cleering of his confcience from that deadly fmne 
 of gluttonie. And as if, becaufe the Heart is full of 
 vitall fpirits, and in perpetuall motion, a man would 
 therefore lay a heauy pound (lone on his breafl, for 
 flaying and holding downe that wanton palpitation, I 
 doubt not but his breafl would bee more bruifed with 
 the weight thereof, then the heart would be comforted 
 with fuch a difagreeable and contrarious cure. And 
 euen fo is it with the Braines. For if a man, becaufe 
 the Braines are colde and humide, would therefore 
 vfe inwardly by fmells, or outwardly by application, 
 
A counterhlajle to Tobacco. 103 
 
 things of hot and drie quaHtie, all the gaine that he 
 could make thereof, would onely be to put himfelfe 
 in a great forvvardnefle for running mad, by ouer- 
 watching himfelfe, the coldneffe and moiflneffe ot our 
 braine beeing the onely ordinarie meanes that procure 
 our fleepe and reft. Indeed I do not denie, but 
 when it fails out that any of thefe, or any part of our 
 bodie growes to be diflempered, and to tend to an 
 extremitie, beyond the compaffe of Natures temperate 
 mixture, that in that cafe cures of contrary qualities, 
 to the intemperate inclination of that part, being 
 wifely prepared and difcreetely miniftered, may be both 
 neceffarie and helpefuU for ftrengthning and affifting 
 Nature in the expulfion of her enemies : for this is 
 the true definition of all profitable Phyficke. 
 
 But firft thefe Cures ought not to bee vfed, but 
 where there is neede of them, the contrarie whereof, 
 is daily practifed in this generall vfe of Tobacco by 
 all forts and complexions of people. 
 
 And next, I deny the Minor of this argument, as I 
 haue already faid, in regard that this Tobacco, is not fim- 
 ply of a dry and hot qualitie; but rather hath a certaine 
 venemous facultie ioyned with the heate thereof, 
 which makes it haue an Antipathie againft nature, as 
 by the hatefull fmell thereof doeth well appeare. For 
 the Nofe being the proper Organ and conuoyof the fenfe 
 of fmelling to the braines, which are the onely fountaine 
 of that fenfe, doeth euer ferue vs for an infallible wit- 
 neffe, whether that Odour which we fmell, be health- 
 full or hurtfull to the braine (except when it fals out 
 that the fenfe it felfe is corrupted and abufed through 
 fome infirmitie, and diftemper in the braine.) And 
 that the fuffumigation thereof cannot haue a drying 
 qualitie, it needes no further probation, then that it 
 is a fmoake, all fmoake and vapour, being of it felfe 
 humide, as drawing neere to the nature of the ayre, 
 and eafie to be refolued againe into water, whereof 
 there needes no other proofe but the Meteors, which 
 being bred of nothing elfe but of the vapours and ex- 
 
104 A counierblajle to Tobacco. 
 
 halations fucked vp by the Sunne out of the earth, the 
 Sea, and waters yet are the fame fmoakie vapours 
 turned, and transformed into Raynes. Snowes, Deawes, 
 hoare Frofles, and fuch like waterie Meteors, as by the 
 contrarie the raynie cloudes are often transformed and 
 euaporated in bluflering winds. 
 
 The fecond Argument grounded on a fhow of rea- 
 fon is, That this filthie fmoake, afwell through the 
 heat and ftrength thereof, as by a naturall force and 
 qualitie, is able and fit to i^iurge both the head and 
 flomacke of Rhewmes and diflillations, as experience 
 teacheth, by the fpitting and auoyding fleame, im- 
 meadiately after the taking of it. But the fallacie of 
 this Argument may eafily appeare, by my late pre- 
 ceding defcription of the Meteors. For euen as the 
 fmoakie vajx)urs fucked vp by the Sunne, and flaied 
 in the lowefl and rolde Region of the ayre, are there 
 contracted into cloudes and turned into raine and 
 fuch other watery Meteors : So this (linking fmoake 
 being fucked \-p by the Nofe, and imi)rifoned in the 
 colde and moyfl braines, is by their colde and wett 
 facultie, turned and cafl foonh againe in waterie dif- 
 tillations, and fo are you made free and purged of 
 nothing, but that wherewith you wilfully burdened 
 your felues : and therefore are you no wifer in taking 
 Tobacco for purging you of diflillations, then if for pre- 
 uenting the Cholike you would take all kinde of 
 windie meates and drinkes. and for preuenting of the 
 Stone, you would take all kinde of meates and drinkes 
 that would breede grauell in the Kidneyes, and then 
 when you were forced to auoyde much winde out of 
 your (lomacke, and much grauell in your 'Vrine, that 
 you (hould attribute the thanke thereof to fuch nourilh- 
 ments as bred thofe within you, that behoued either to 
 be expelled by the force of Nature, or you to haue 
 burjl at the broad fide, as the Prouerbe is. 
 
 As for the other two reafons founded vpon ex- 
 perience, the firll of which is. That the whole people 
 would not haue taken fo generall a good liking there- 
 
A counterhlafle to Tobacco. 105 
 
 of, if they had not by experience found it verie 
 foueraigne and good for them : For anfwere thereunto 
 how eafily the mindes of any people, wherewith God 
 hath replenifhed this world, may be drawen to the 
 fooliOi affe6lation of any noueltie, I leaue it to the 
 difcreet iudgement of any man that is reafonable. 
 
 Doe we not dayly fee, that a man can no fooner 
 bring ouer from beyond the Seas any new forme of 
 apparell, but that hee can not bee thought a man of 
 fpirit, that would not prefently imitate the fame ? 
 And fo from hand to hand it fprcades, till it be prac- 
 tifed by all, not for any commoditie that is in it, but 
 only becaufe it is come to be the fafhion. For fuch is 
 the force of that naturall Selfe-loue in euery one of vs, 
 and fuch is the corruption of enuie bred in the brefl 
 of euery one, as we cannot be content vnleffe we imi- 
 tate euery thing that our fellowes doe, and fo prooue 
 our felues capable of euery thing whereof they are cap- 
 able, like Apes, counterfeiting the maners of others, to 
 our owne den.ru6tion. For let one or two of the 
 greatefl. Maflers of Mathematickes in any of the two 
 famous Vniuerfities, but conflantly affirme any cleare 
 day, that they fee fome (Irange apparition in the 
 fkies : they will I warrant you be feconded by the 
 greatefl. part of the Students in that profeffion : So 
 loath will they be, to bee thought inferiour to their 
 fellowes, either in depth of knowledge or fharpnefle of 
 fight : And therefore the generall good liking and 
 imbracing of this foolifh cuflome, doeth but onely 
 proceede from that affedtation of noueltie, and popu- 
 lar errour, whereof I haue already fpoken. 
 
 The other argument drawen from a miflaken ex- 
 perience, is but the more particular probation of this 
 generall, becaufe it is alleaged to be found true by 
 proofe, that by the taking of Tobacco diuers and very 
 many doe finde themfelues cured of diuers difeafes 
 as on the other part, no man euer receiued harme 
 thereby. In this argument there is firfl a great mif- 
 taking and next a monfl.rous abfurditie. For is it not 
 a very great mifl.aking, to take Non caufam pro cattfa, 
 
io6 A counterblajk to Tobacco. 
 
 as they lay in the Logicks? becaufe peraduenture 
 when a ficke man hath had his difeafe at the height, 
 hee hath at that inflant taken Tobacco, and afterward 
 his difeafe taking the naturall courfe of dedining, and 
 confequently the patient of recouering his health, O 
 then the Tobacco forfooth, was the worker of that 
 miracle. Befide that, it is a thing well knowen to all Phi- 
 ficians, that the apprehenfion and conceit of the patient 
 hath by wakening and vniting ihe vitall fpirits, and fo 
 (Irengthening nature, a great power and vertue, to cure 
 diuers difeafes For an euident proofe of miftaking in 
 the like cafe, I pray you what foolifh boy, what fillie 
 wench, what olde doting wife, or ignorant countrey 
 clowne, is not a Phifician for the toothach, for the 
 cholicke, and diuers fuch common difeafes? Yea, 
 will not euery man you meete withal, teach you a 
 fundry cure for the fame, and fweare by that meane 
 either himfelfe, or fome of his neerefl. kinfmen and 
 friends was cured ? And yet I hope no man is fo 
 foolifli as to beleeue them. And all thefe toyes do 
 only proceed from the miflaking Non caufam pro 
 cau/a, as I haue already fayd, and fo if a man chance 
 to recouer one of any difeafe, after he hath taken 
 Tobacco, that mufl. haue the thiankes of all. But by 
 the contrary, if a man fmoke himfelfe to death with it 
 (and many haue done) O then fome other difeafe 
 mufl beare the blame for that fault So doe olde 
 harlots thanke their harlotrie for their many yeeres, 
 that cuflome being healthfull (lay they) ad purgatidos 
 Rencs, but neuer haue minde how many die of the 
 Pockes in the flower of their youth. And fo doe olde 
 drunkards thinke they prolong their dayes, by their 
 fwinelike diet, but neuer remember howe many die 
 drowned in dnnke before they be halfe olde. 
 
 And what greater abfurditie can there bee, then to 
 lay that one cure (hall feme for diuers, nay, contrar- 
 ious fortes of difeafes ? It is an ^iidoubted ground 
 among all Phificians, that there is almofl. no fort either 
 of nourifhment or medicine, that hath not fome thing 
 in it dilagreeable to fome part of mans bodie, be- 
 
A counterblajle to Tobacco. 107 
 
 caufe, as I haue already fayd, the nature of the temper- 
 ature of euery part, is fo different from another, that 
 according to the olde prouerbe, That which is good 
 for the head, is euill for the necke and the fhoulders. 
 For euen as a flrong enemie, that inuades a towne or 
 fortreffe, ahhough in his fiege thereof, he do belaie 
 and compaffe it round about, yet he makes his breach 
 and entrie, at fome one or few fpecial parts thereof, 
 which hee nath tried and found to bee weakefl and 
 lead able to refill ; fo fickeneffe doth make her parti- 
 cular affault, vpon fuch part or parts of our bodie, as 
 are weakefl and eafiefl to be ouercome by that fort of 
 difeafe, which then doth aflaile vs, although all the reft 
 of the body by Sympathie feele it felfe, to be as it 
 were belaied, and befieged by the affliction of that 
 fpeciall part, the griefe and fmart thereof being by the 
 fence of feeling difperfed through all the reft of our 
 members. And therefore the flcilfull Phifician preffes 
 by fuch cures, to purge and ftrengthen that part 
 which is afflicted, as are only fit for that fort of difeafe, 
 and doe beft agree with the nature of that infirme 
 part ; which being abufed to a difeafe of another na- 
 ture, would prooue as hurtfuU for the one, as helpfull 
 for the other. Yea, not only will a fl<ilfull and warie 
 Phifician bee carefull to vfe no cure but that which is 
 fit for that fort of difeafe, but he wil alfo confider all 
 other circumftances, and make the remedies futable 
 thereunto : as the temperature of the clime where the 
 Patient is, the conftitution of the Planets, the time of 
 the Moone, the feafon of the yere, the age and com- 
 plexion of the Patient, and the prefent ftate of his body, 
 in ftrength or weakeneffe. For one cure muft not euer 
 be vfed for the felf-fame difeafe, but according to the 
 varying of any of the forefaid circumftances, that fort 
 of remedie muft be vfed which is fitteft for the fame. 
 Whear by the contrarie in th is cafe, fuch is the mir- 
 aculous omnipotencie of our /irong tafted Tobacco^ as 
 it cures all forts of difeafes (which neuer any drugge 
 could do before) in all perfons, and at all times. It 
 
io8 A counterblafle to Tobacco. 
 
 cures all maner of diflillations, either in the head or 
 ftomacke (if you beleeue their Axiomes) although in 
 very deede it doe both corrupt the braine, and by 
 caufmg ouer quicke difgeflion, fill the flomacke full of 
 crudities. It cures the Gowt in the feet, and (which 
 is miraculous) in that very inftant when the fmoke 
 thereof, as light, flies vp into the head, the vertue 
 thereof, as heauie, runs downe to the little toe. It 
 helpes all forts of Agues. It makes a man fober that 
 was drunke. It refrefhes a weary man, and yet makes 
 a man hungry. Being taken when they goe to bed, it 
 makes one fleepe foundly, and yet being taken when a 
 man is fleepie and drowiie, it will, as they fay, aw^ake 
 his braine, and quicken his vnderftanding. As for 
 curing of the Pockes, it femes for that vfe but among 
 the pockie Indian flaues. Here in Eti^land it is re- 
 fined, and w^ill not deigne to cure heere any other then 
 cleanly and gentlemanly difeafes. O omnipotent pow- 
 er of Tobacco ! And if it could by the fmoke thereof 
 chace out deuils, as the fmoke of Tobias fifh did (which 
 I am fure could fmel no (Ironglier) it Avould feme for 
 a precious Relicke, both for the fuperflitious Priefls, 
 and the infolent Puritanes, to cafl. out deuils withall. 
 
 Admitting then, and not confeffing that the vfe 
 thereof were healthfull for fome fortes of difeafes ; 
 (hould it be vfed for all ficknefles? fhould it be vfed 
 by all men ? fhould it be vfed at al times ? yea fhould 
 it be vfed by able, yong, flrong, healthful men ? Med- 
 icine hath that vertue, that it neuer leaueth a man in 
 that flate wherin it findeth him : it makes a ficke 
 man whole, but a whole man ficke. And as Medicine 
 helpes nature being taken at times of neceffitie, fo be- 
 ing euer and continually vfed, it doth but weaken, 
 wearie, and weare nature. What fpeake I of Medi- 
 cine? Nay let a man euery houre of the day, or as oft 
 as many in this countrey vfe to take Tobacco, let a man 
 I fay, but take as oft the beft. forts of nourifhments in 
 meate and drinke that can bee deuifed, hee fhall with 
 the continuall vfe thereof weaken both his head and his 
 
A counterblajle to Tobacco. 109 
 
 ftomacke : all his members fhall become feeble, his 
 fpirits dull, and in the end, as a drowfie lazie belly- 
 god, he fliall euanifh in a Lethargie. 
 
 And from this weakneffe it proceeds, that many in 
 this kingdome haus had fuch a continuall vfe of taking 
 this vnfauorie fmoke, as now they are not able to for- 
 beare the fame, no more then an olde drunkard can 
 abide to be long fober, without falling into an vncur- 
 able wcake;ieffe and euill conllitution : for their con- 
 tinuall cullome hath made to them, /labiitim, alta-am 
 natiiram : fo to thofe that from their birth haue bene 
 continually nourifhed vpon poifon and things venem- 
 ous, wholefome meates are onely poifonable. 
 
 Thus hauing, as I trufle, fufficiently anfwered the 
 mofl principal 1 arguments that are vfed in defence of 
 this vile cuflome, it refls onely to informe you what 
 finnes and vanities you commit in the filthie abufe 
 thereof. Firll, are you not guiltie of fmnefuU and 
 fhamefuU lufl ? (for lufl. may bee as well in any of the 
 fenfes as in feeling) that although you bee troubled 
 with no difeafe, but in perfect: health, yet can you 
 neither be merry at an Ordinarie, nor lafciuious in the 
 Stewes, if you lacke Tobacco to prouoke your appetite 
 to any of thofe forts of recreation, lulling after it as the 
 children of Ifrael did in the wildernefle after Quailes? 
 Secondly it is, as you vfe or rather abufe it, a branche 
 of the finne of drunkenneffe, which is the roote of all 
 fmnes : for as the onely delight that drunkards take 
 in Wine is in the flrength of the tafle, and the force of 
 the fume thereof that mounts vp to the braine : for no 
 drunkards loue any weake, or fweete drinke : fo are 
 not thofe (I meane the flrong heate and the fume) the 
 onely qualities that make Tobacco fo dele<5lable to all 
 the louers of it? And as no man likes flrong headie 
 drinke the firfl day (becaufe nemo repente fit turpijfi- 
 mui) but by cuflome is piece and piece allured, while 
 in the ende, a drunkard will haue as great a third to 
 bee drunke, as a fober man to quench his thirfl with 
 a draught when hee hath need of it : So is not this the 
 very cafe of all the great takers of Tobacco} which 
 
no A counterblajle to Tobacco. 
 
 therefore they themfelues do attribute to a be^-itching 
 quahtie in it. Thirdly, is it not the greatefl fmne of 
 all, that you the people of all fortes of this Kingdome, 
 who are created and ordeined by God to befloweboth 
 your perfons and goods for the maintenance both of 
 the honour and fafetie of your King and Common- 
 wealth, fhould difable your felues in both ? In your 
 perfons hauing by this continuall vile cuflome brought 
 your felues to this fhameful imbecilitie, that you are 
 not able to ride or walke the ioumey of a lewes Sab- 
 both, but you mufl haue a reekie cole brought you 
 from the next poore houfe to kindle your Tobacco 
 with ? whereas he cannot be thought able for any fer- 
 uice in the warres, that cannot endure oftentimes the 
 want of meate, drinke and fleepe, much more then 
 mufl hee endure the want of Tobacco. In the times of 
 the many glorious and victorious battailes fought by this 
 Nation, there was no word of Tobacco. But now if it 
 were time of warres, and that you were to make fome 
 fudden Caualcado vpon your enemies, if any of you 
 fhould feeke leifure to flay behmde his fellowe for 
 taking of Tobacco, for my part I fhould neuer bee forie 
 for any euill chance that might befall him. To take 
 a cuflome in any thing that cannot bee left againe, is 
 mod harmefuU to the people of any land. Mollicies 
 and delicacie were the wTacke and ouerthrow, firft. of 
 the Perfian, and next of the Romane Empire. And 
 this very cuflome of taking Tobacco (whereof our pre- 
 fent purpofe is) is euen at this day accounted fo effe- 
 minate among the Indians themfelues, as in the market 
 they will offer no price for a flaue to be fold, whome 
 they finde to be a great Tobacco taker. 
 
 Now how you are by this cuflome difabled in your 
 goods, let the Gentry of this land beare witneffe, fome 
 of them beflowing three, fome foure hundred pounds 
 a yeere vpon this precious flinke, which I am fare 
 might be beflowed vpon many farre better vfes. I 
 read indeede of a knauifh Courtier, who for abufmg 
 the fauour of the Emperour Alexander Seuerus his 
 Mafler by taking bribes to intercede, for fundr)^ per- 
 
A counterblajle to Tobacco. iii 
 
 fons in his Maflers eare, (for whom he neuer once 
 :»pened his mouth) was iuflly choked with fmoke, with 
 ihi^ ^oome, Fuiiio pereat, qui fiijnum vendidit : but of 
 fo many fmoke-buyers, as are at this prefent in this 
 kingdome, I neuer read nor heard. 
 
 And for the vanities committed in this filthie cuf- 
 tome, is it not both great vanitie and vncleaneneffe, 
 that at the table, a place of refpe6l, of cleanlineffe, of 
 modefl-ie, men fhould not be afliamed, to fit toffing of 
 Tobacco pipes, and puffing of the fmoke of Tobacco one 
 to another, making the filthy fmoke and flinke thereof, 
 to exhale athwart the difhes, and infect the aire, when 
 very often, men that abhorre it are at their repafl? 
 Surely Smoke becomes a kitchin far better then a 
 Dining chamber, and yet it makes a kitchin alfo often- 
 times in the inward parts of men, foiling and infe6ling 
 them, with an vndluous and oily kinde of Soote, as 
 hath bene found in fome great Tobacco takers, that 
 after their death were opened. And not onely meate 
 time, but no other time nor a6lion is exempted from 
 the publike vfe of this vnciuill tricke : fo as if the wiues 
 oi JJiepe li(l to contell with this Nation for good maners 
 their worfl maners would in all reafon be found at leafl 
 not fo difhonefl. (as ours are) in this point. The publike 
 vfe whereof, at all times, and in all places, hath now 
 fo farre preuailed, as diuers men very found both in 
 iudgement, and complexion, haue bene at lafl forced 
 to take it alfo without defire, partly becaufe they were 
 afhamed to feeme fingular, (like the two Philofophers 
 that were forced to duck themfelues in that raine 
 water, and fo become fooles afwell as the refl of the 
 people) and partly, to be as one that was content to 
 eate Garlicke (which hee did not loue) that he might 
 not be troubled with the fmell of it, in the breath of 
 his fellowes. And is it not a great vanitie, that a man 
 cannot heartily welcome his friend now, but flraight 
 they mufl bee in hand with Tobacco ? No it is become 
 in place of a cure, a point of good fellowfliip, and 
 he that will refufe to take a pipe of Tobacco among 
 his fellowes,. (though by his own ele6lion he would 
 
112 A counterblajle to Tobacco. 
 
 rather feele the fauour of a Sinke) is accounted peeuifh 
 and no good company, euen as they doe with tippeling 
 in the cold Eafterne Countries. Yea the ^liftreffe 
 cannot in a more manerly kinde, entertaine her fer- 
 uant, then by giuing him out of her faire hand a pipe 
 of Tobacco. But herein is not onely a great vanitie, 
 but a great contempt of Gods good giftes, that the 
 fweetenefle of mans breath, being a good gift of God, 
 fhould be willfully corrupted by this flinking fmoke, 
 wherein I mufl confefle, it hath too flrong a vertue : 
 and fo that which is an ornament of nature, and can 
 neither by any artifice be at the firfl acquired, nor 
 once loft, be recouered againe, fhall be filthily cor- 
 rupted with an incurable ftinke, which vile qualitie is 
 as directly contrary to that wrong opinion which is 
 holden of the wholefomnefTe thereof, as the venime of 
 putrifaction is contrary to the vertue Preferuatiue. 
 
 Moreouer, which is a great iniquitie, and againft all 
 humanitie, the husband ftiall not bee afhamed, to 
 reduce thereby his delicate, wholefome, and cleane 
 complexioned wife, to that exlremitie, that eidier fliee 
 muft alfo corrupt her fweete breath therewith, or elfe 
 refolue to hue in a perpetuall ftinking torment. 
 
 Haue you not reafon then to bee afhamed, and to 
 forbeare this filthie noueltie, fo bafely grounded, fo 
 foolifhly receiued and fo grolTely miftaken in the right 
 vfe thereof? In your abufe thereof finning againft 
 God, harming your felues both in perfons and goods, 
 and raking alfo thereby the markes and notes of vanitie 
 vpon you : by the cuftome thereof making your felues 
 to be wondered at by all forraine ciuil Nations, and 
 by all ftrangers that come among you, to be fcorned 
 and contemned. A cuftome lothfome to the eye, hate- 
 full to the Nofe, harmefull to the braine, dangerous to 
 
 the Lungs, and in the blacke ftinking fume there- 
 of, neereft refembling the horrible Sti- 
 gian fmoke of the pit that is 
 bottomelefle. 
 
On the Early Use of Tobacco in England. 113 
 
 The foregoing Invedlive was written by the King of Great 
 Britain. How early its royal authorfliip was avowed, I know 
 not : but it was generally known long before its infertion in 
 the collected edition of the King's Woi-kes, publiflied in 
 1616. 
 
 But King James flopped not, in his Crufade againfl Tobacco, 
 at words. In the following Commifflo pro Tabacco he added 
 Fines and Blows. 
 
 James, by the grace of God &'c. to our right Trustie and right Welbeloued 
 Cousen and Counsellor, Thomas Earle of Dorset our High Treasourer of 
 Englande, Greetinge. 
 
 Whereas Tabacco, being a Drugge of late Yeres found out. and by Mer» 
 chants, as well Denizens as Stningers, brought from forreign Partes in small 
 quantitie into this Realm of England and other our Dominions, was used 
 and taken by the better sort both then and nowe onelye as Phisicke to pre- 
 serve Healthe, and is now at this Day, through evell Custome and the Tol- 
 leration thereof, excessivelie taken by a nomber of ryotous and disordered 
 Persons of meane and base Condition, whoe, contrarie to the use which Per- 
 sons of good Callinge and Qualitye make thereof, doe spend most of there 
 tyme in that idle Vanitie, to the evill example and corrupting of others, and 
 also do consume that Wages whiche manye of them gett by thcire Labour, 
 and wherewith there Families should be releived, not caring at what Price 
 they buye that Drugge, but rather devisinge how to add to it other Mixture, 
 therebye to make it the more delightfull to their Taste, though so much the 
 more costly to there Purse ; by which great and imoderate takinge of Ta^ 
 bacco the Health of a great nomber of our People is impayred, and theire 
 Bodies weakened and made unlit for Labor, the Estates of many mean Per- 
 sons soe decayed and consumed as they are thereby dryven to unthrifiie 
 Shifts onelie to maynteyne their gluttonous exercise thereof, besides that 
 also a great part of the I'reasure of our Lande is spent and exhausted by this 
 onely Drugge so licentiously abused by the meaner sorte, all which enormous 
 Inconveniences ensuinge thereuppon We doe well perceave to proceed prin- 
 cipally from the great quantitie of Tabacco daily brought into this our Realm 
 of England and Dominions of Wales from the Partes beyond the .Seas by 
 Merohauntes and others, which Excesse We conceave might in great part 
 be restrayned by some good Imposition to be laid uppon it, whereby it is 
 likelie that a lesse Quantitie of Tabacco will hereafter be broughte into this 
 our Realm of England, Dominion of Wales and Town of Barwick then in 
 former tymes, and yet sufficient store to serve for their necessarie use who 
 are of the better sort, and have and will use the same with Moderation to 
 preserve their Healthe ; 
 
 We do therefore will and command you our Treasurer of Englande, and 
 herebye also warrant and aiicthorise you to geve order to all Customers 
 Comptrollers Searchers Surveyors, and other Officers of our Portes, that 
 from and after the sixe and twentith Day of October next comynge, they 
 shall demaunde and take to our use of all Merchauntes, as well Englishe as 
 Strangers, and of all others whoe shall bringe in anye Tabacco into this 
 Realme, within any Porte Haven or Creek belonging to any theire severall 
 Charges, the Somme of Six Shiilinges anti eighic Pence uppon everye Pound 
 Waight thereof, over and above the Custome of Tvioo Pence uppon the 
 Pounde Waighte usuallye paide heretofore ; 
 
 And for the'better execution hereof, bothe in the Reformation of the saide 
 Abuses, and for the avoydinge of all Fraude and Deceipte concerninge the 
 Pavmente of the saide Imposition and Custome, Our Will and Pleasure is 
 that you shall in our Name straightlye charge and commaunde all Collectors 
 Customers Comptrollers Surveyors, and other Officers whatsoever to whome 
 the same maye belonge, that they suffer noe Entries to be made of anye 
 Tabacco at anye tyme hereafter to be broughte into anye Porte Haven or 
 Creeke within this our Realme of Englande, and Dominion of Wales and 
 H 
 
114 On iHF Early Use of Tobacco in England. 
 
 Towne of Barwickc, or an ye parte of the same, bv anye Englishe or Stranger, 
 or aaye other Persone *-hatsoever, before the saide Custo;ue and Imposition 
 before specified be firste satisfied and paide, or Composition made for the 
 same with our saide Customers, Collectors, or other Officers to whorae the 
 ennie appcrteyneth, uppon Payne that if anye Merchaunte Englishe or 
 Straunger. or other whatsoever, shall presume to bringre in anye of the saide 
 Tobacco, before suche Payemente and Satisfactione firste made, 'Jhat then 
 he shall not onelie forfeite the saide Tobacco, but alsoe shall undergoe suche 
 furtbete Penalties and corporall Punishmente as the Qualitie of sriche soe 
 highe a Contempte agair.st our Ro>-all and expresse Commaundemente in 
 this mannere published shall deserve. 
 
 Wytnes our self at IVestminster the seaventeenth Day of October. [1604]. 
 
 Per i^sunt Regitm. 
 
 Rymer Ftedera, xvL 601. Ed. 1715. 
 
 Sir Robert Ayton [b. 1570 — d. an unmarried man in 163S] 
 left among liis MSS. the following Sonnet, lirft printed among 
 his Poiius, Edinburgh, 1844, Ed. by C. Roger. 
 
 On Tobacco. 
 Forsaken of all comforts but these two. 
 My faggot and my pipe, 1 sit and muse 
 On all my crosses, and almost accuse 
 The Heav'ns for dealing with rae as they do. 
 llien Hope steps in, and with a smiling brow 
 Such cheerful expectations doth infuse 
 As makes me think ere long I cannot choose 
 But be some grandee, whatsoe'er I'm now. 
 But having spent my pipe, I then perceive 
 That hopes and dreams are cousins — bclh deceive:. 
 Then mark I this conclusion in my mind. 
 It's all one thing — both tend into one scope — 
 To hve upon Tobacco and on Hope, 
 The one's but smoke, the ether is but wind. /. 53. 
 
 1606. " Tlie copy of .1 Letter wTitten by E. D. Do6tour of Phy- 
 ficke to a Gentleman, by whom it was publifhed. The formtr 
 part contcineth Rules for the prc/eruation of health, and preueiit- 
 itig tf all difeafa z-titil extreme olde age. Herein is inferted the 
 Aiithcitrs opinion of Tahaccoy ... 
 
 E. D. argues that Tabacco is i) not safe for youth : '2) it shorteneth life : 
 (3I it brecdeth many disca.«<s : "4) it bieedeth nielanchdy : 5 it hurteth the 
 minde : 6' it is ill for the Smokers' issue : '7; it shorteneth life : and 
 
 " To conclude, .Mth it is .so hurtfull and dangerous to youth, 1 wish (in com- 
 passion of them that it might haue the pernitious nature expressed in the 
 name, and that it were as well knowen by the name of Youths-bane, as by 
 the name of Tabacco." //. 3-5. 
 
 1607. A ftxefolde Politician, by I[OHN] M[elton], has the 
 following allufion to Tobacco Smoking : — 
 
 And as the entcrludes may be tearmed, the Schoole-houses of yanitie, and 
 wantonnes ; so these [vaine poets and plaiers] are the schoolemaisters there- 
 of: and methinks they who haue tasted of the sweete fountaine water, run- 
 ning from their Academick mothers breasts, by this, if nothing else' shold 
 be deterred from their scribling ptofes^ion, that they see their writings and 
 conceits sold at a common doore to euery base companion for a penny. But 
 most of their conceits are too deere at that rate, and therefore may well bee 
 had in the same request that To'jacco is now, which was wont to be taken of 
 
On the Early Use of Tobacco in England. 115 
 
 great gentlemen, and gallants, now made a frequent and familiar Companion 
 of euery Tapster and Horse-keeper. And their conceits are 
 likest Tobacco of any thing : for as that is quickly kindled, Conceits sauo- 
 makes a stinking smoake, and quickly goes out, tut leaues ring of no 
 and inhering stinke in the nostrils and stomackes of the iiidgenient or 
 takers, not to be drawiie out, but by putting in a worse sa- siiuidie like 
 uour, as of Onions and Garlick, (according to the prouerbe : Tobacco 
 the smel of Garlicke takes away the stink of dunghils,) so smoke. 
 the writing of ordinarye Play-bookes, Pamphlets, and such 
 like, may be tearmed the mushrum conceptions of idle braines, moste of them 
 are begotte ouer night in Tobacco smoake and muld-sacke, and vttered and 
 deliucred to the worlds presse by the helpe and midwifery of a caudle the 
 next morning. //. 34-36. 
 
 1610. (i.) 'E[1).mund] G[ardiner]. Gent, and Praclitioner in 
 Phyficke,' wrote a medical defence, under tlie title of The Triall 
 of Tabacco. Wherein, his worth is mojl worthily expreffed, as, in 
 the nanie, nature, and qnalitie of the fayd hearb, his fpeciall vfe in 
 all Phvficke, with the t> iie and right zfe of taking it, ike. . . . 
 
 (2.) Under this year may a'.fo be put — George Sandys. A 
 Relation of a journey begun An. Dom. 1610. Foure Boohes. 
 Containing a defcription of the TurkifJi Empire, of JEgypt, of the 
 Holy Land, of the Remote parts of Italy, and Jflands adioytiing. 
 London. 1615. 
 
 The Turkes are also incredible takers of Opium, whereof the lesser Asia 
 affordeth them plenty : carrying it about them both in peace and in warre ; 
 which they say expelleth all feare, and makes them couragious : but I rather 
 thinke giddy headed, and turbulent dreamers ; by them, as should seeme by 
 what hath bene said, religiously affected. And perhaps for the selfc same 
 cause they also delight in Tobacco; they take it through reeds th.at haue 
 ioyned vnto them great heads of wood to containe it : I doubt not but lately 
 taught them, as brought them by the English : and were it not sometimes 
 lookt into (for Morat Bassa not long .since commanded a pipe to be thrust 
 through the nose of a Turke, and so to be led in derision through the Citie,) 
 no question but it would proue a principall commodity. Neuerthelesse they 
 will take it in corners, and are so ignorant therein, that that which in Eng- 
 land is not saleable, doth passe here amongst them for most excellent. Bk. 
 I. p. 66.^ 
 
 So England took Tobacco firfl to Turkey. 
 
 1611. Perfuming of Tobacco, and the great Abufe committed in 
 it. See Lowndes. 
 
 1614. (I.) William Barclay, M.A., M.D., publifhed at 
 Edinbiu-gh, — what was perhaps the fii-fl flat contradiiflion to the 
 Counterblafle — viz. : Nepenthes, or the Vertues of Tabacco. This 
 tradl — whicli I fliould, had fpace permitted, have been glad to 
 have entirely reprinted here — was publifhed by the Spalding 
 Club in their Mifcellany, i. //. 257-274. It begins thus — 
 
 Hercvle.s to obey the commandement and will of IvNO, busied him- 
 selfe to ouerthrow the most famous monsters of his time, his Amies were a 
 bagge and a club. A most worthie Ladie, and, if I durst say so, the very 
 IvNo of our He hath commanded me to destroy some nionstruous Diseases 
 so that to imitate the most chiualrous Chiftan of the worldc, I haue armed 
 my selfe with a boxc for his bagge, and a pipe for his club : a bo.xe to con.serue 
 my Tabacco, and a pipe to v.se it, by those two Godwilling, to ouercome 
 many maladies. If the hostes of such Diseases do not betray my endeuoures 
 to their hating and hated guests by not vsing or abusing my weapons. But 
 before I enter in the list, I must whet as it were my wits with these two 
 points, First why doe I treat of a matter so often handled by so many, so 
 odious to Princes, so pernicious to sundrie, and so costly to all ? 
 
n6 On the Early Use of Tobacco in England. 
 
 Secondly why doe I as another Clodivs reueale mysieria botue Detr, 
 and prophane the secreu of Physicke ? I answere that a good matter is not 
 the worse to be maintained by many : and Phts videtit oaeii quant oculus. 
 As conceminR the hatred of Princes, one mans meate is another mans poy- 
 ■"^on- ITie wine prince of Hquors hateib vehemently colworts, and yet beere, 
 aile, sider water, oyle, honey, and all other liquors doe well agree with col- 
 worts. _ The king of France drinketh neuer Orleans wine notwithstanding; 
 his subjects doe Tone it well. 
 
 I know sundrie men that haue such Antipathic with butter that they dare 
 not smell it. It hath bene pernicious to sundrie I grant it, so hath wine, so 
 hath bread, so hath gold, so hath land, and what so wholsoiiie thing is that 
 cannot be itirned to abuse ? If it be costly vse the le.-.se of it. What ? is not 
 Rheubarbe coastly ? is not Muske coastly ? is nox. Aiiii'<;rfr'ecse coastly f As 
 touching the second point of my reuealing this secret of Physicke, I answere, 
 1 mean but to reforme the hanne which proceedeth of the abuse, and to shew 
 to my countrey men that I am more willing to pleasure them then to profite 
 my selfe, neither did I sweare to conceale that point when in a robe of pur- 
 pure I wedded the metamorphosed D.aphne. It resteth now to ^^lfold what 
 moued me to entitule this treatise Nepenthes, because it hath certaine melli- 
 fluous delicacie, which deliteth the senses, and spirits of man with a mindful 
 obliuion, insomuch that it maketh and induceth KaKQp (ttlJ^tjOov a iravTUV 
 the forgetting of all sorrowcs and miseries. And there is such hostilitie be- 
 twene it and mebncholie, that it is the only medicament in the world or- 
 dained by nature to entertaine good companie : insomuch that it workcth 
 neuer so well, as when it is giuen from man to man, as a pledge of friend- 
 shippe and amitic. 
 
 (The countrey which God hath honoured and blesned with this happie and 
 holy herbe, doth call it in the natiue languagfe Petuiit, the Spaniards, who 
 haue giuen it the right of naturalilie in their soyle, temie it Tabacco, the 
 Frenchmen which haue receiued it in their countrey as in a colonic call it 
 Xicotian, in this our He of Brittainr, as in all other maritime parts, we vse 
 the Spaiiish name of Tabacco. But esteeming it worthie of a more loftie 
 name, I haue chosen for gossip the faiie and famous Helena, and giuen to 
 her the honour to name this most profitable plant. Nepenthes. 
 
 Albeit this heroe disdaines not to be nourished in many gardens in Spatne, 
 in Italie. France, Flanders, Germanie and Brittaine, yet neuerthelesse only 
 that which is fostered in India and brought home by ilariners and Trafliquers 
 is to be vsed, as after you shall heare the reason is. 
 
 NcH ontHis fert omnia iellus. 
 But auarice and greedines of gaine haue moued the Merchants to apparell 
 some European plants with Indian coats, and to enst.iU them in shops a.s 
 lighteous and legittime Tabacco .... So that the most fine, best, and 
 purest is that which is brought to Enrope'vn leaues, and not rolled in puddings, 
 as the English Xavigator> first brought home. . . . 
 
 In Tabacco there is nothing which is not medecin, the root, the staike, the 
 leaues, the seeds, the smoke, the ashes, and to be more particular, Tabacco 
 may serue for the vse of man either greene or drj-. . . . 
 
 To the cure and peregrination of an arniie of maladies, Tabacco must be 
 used after this maner. Take of leafe Tabacco as much as being folded to- 
 gether, may make a round ball of such bignesse that it may fill the patient's 
 mouth, and incl>Tie his face downward towards the ground, keeping the 
 mouth open, not mouing a whit with his tongue, e.xcept now and then to 
 waken the medicament, there shall flow such a flood of water from his brain 
 and his stqmacke, and from all parts of his body that it shall be a wonder. 
 1'his he must do fasting in the morning, and if it be for preseruation, and 
 the body very cacochyme, or full of euil humours, he must take it once a 
 weeke, otherwise once a month : But if it bee to cure the Epilepsie or Hy- 
 dropisie once euery day. Thus haue I vsed Tabacco my self, and thus vsed 
 Tahacco, Jean Greis a venerable old man at Nantes in the French Britain, 
 who liued wliill he was six score yeares of age, and who was known for the 
 only refuge of the poore afflicted souldiers of I'enus when they were wounded 
 with the French Pickes, 1 should haue said Pockes. Thi;s much for the vse 
 
On the Early Use of Tobacco in England. 117 
 
 of Tabacco in substance. As concerning the smoke, it may be taken more 
 frequently, and for the said effects, but always fasting, and with an emptie 
 stomack, not as the English abuses do, which make a smoke-boxe of their 
 skull, more fit to be caried vnder his arme that selleth at Paris, liimoir a 
 7i0ircir to blacke men's shoes, then to carie the braine of him that can not 
 walke, can not ryde except the Tabacco Pype be in his mouth. I chanced 
 in company on a tyme with an English merchant in Normaiuiie betweene 
 Roivcn and Neiv-hnuen. This fellow was a merrie man, but at euery house 
 he must have a Cole to kindle his Tabacco : the Frenchmen wondered, and 
 I laughed at his intemperancie. But there is one William Alsofi an honest 
 man dwelling in* Bishops-gate street, hard within the gate that selleth the 
 best Tabacco in England, and vseth it most discreetly. . . 
 
 (2.) " T/ie Honejlie of this Age. Proouing by good circum- 
 flance that tlie world was neuer honefl till now. By B.\rnabee 
 Rych Gentleman, Seniant to the Kings mod Excellent Maieflie." 
 has the following. 
 
 But he that some fortie or fifty yeares sithens, should haue asked after a 
 Pickadilly, 1 wonder who could haue vnderstood him, or could haue told 
 what a Pickadilly had beene, either fish or flesh. 
 
 But amongst the trades that are newly taken vp, this trade of Tobacco 
 doth exceede : and the money that is spent in smoake is vnknowne, and (I 
 thinke* vnthought on, and of such a smoake as is more vaine, then the smoake 
 of fayre words, for that they .say) will .serue to feede Fooles, but this smoake 
 maketh Fooles of IVisenieii : mee thinks experience were enough to teach 
 the most simple witted, that before Tobacco was euer knowne in Eni^land, 
 that we lined in as perfect health, and as free from .sickne.s.se, as we haue 
 done sithens, and looke vppon those (whereof there are a number at this 
 present hourel that did neuer take Tobacco in their lines, and if they doe not 
 line as healthsome in bodie, and as free from all manner of diseases, as those 
 that doe take it fastest : they say it is good for a Cold, for a Pose, for JCewins, 
 for Aclies, for Dropsies, and for all manner of diseases proceeding of moyst 
 humours: but I cannot see but that those that doe take it fastest, areasmuch 
 (or more) subiect to all these infirmities, yea and to the poxe it selfe^ as those 
 that haue nothing at all to doe with it : then what a wonderfuU expence might 
 very well bee spared, that is spent and consumed in this needlesse vanitie. 
 
 There is not so base a groome, that commes into an Alehotise to call for his 
 pot, but he nuist haue \\\<f, pipe of Tobacco, for it is a commoditie that is nowe 
 as vendible in euery Tauerne, Inne, and Ale house, as eyther Wine, Ale, or 
 Beare, and for Apothicaries Shops, Grosers Shops, Chaundlers Shops, they 
 are (almost) neuer without company, that from morning till night are still 
 taking of Tobacco, what a number are there besides, that doe keepe houses, 
 set open shoppes, that haue no other trade to liue by, but by the selling ot 
 Tobacco. 
 
 I haue heard it tolde that now very lately, there hath bin a Cathalos^ie 
 taken of all those new erected houses that haue .set vppe that Trade of sell- 
 ing Tobacco, in London and neare about London, and if a man may bcleeue 
 what is confidently reported, there are found to be vpward of 7000. houses, 
 that doth liue by that trade. 
 
 I cannot say whether they number Apothicaries .shoppes, Grosers .shops, 
 and Chaundlers shops in this computation, but let it be that these were thrust 
 in to make vppe the number : let vs now looke a little into the Vidimus of 
 the matter, and let vs cast vppe but a sleight account, what the expence 
 might be that is consumed in this smoakie vapoure. 
 
 If it be true that there be 7000. shops, in and about London, that doth vent 
 Tobacco, as it is credibly reported that there be ouer and aboue that number: 
 it may well bee supposed, to be but an ill customed shoppe, that taketh not 
 fiue shillings a day, one day with another, throughout the whole yeare, or if 
 one doth take lesse, two other may take more : but let vs make our account, 
 but after 2 shillings si.ve pence a day, for he that taketh lesse than that, 
 would be ill able to pay his rent, or to keepe open his Shop Windowes, neither 
 
ii8 Ok the TL\rly Use of Tobacco in England. 
 
 would Tobacco houses make such a muster as they doe, and that almost in 
 euerj- Lane, and in euerj- by-comer round about Londou. 
 
 Let i-s then reckon thus. 7000. halfc Crowns a day amounteth just to 31,9375 
 poundes a yeare. Simrua totalis. All spent in thioake. 
 
 I doe not reckon now what is spent in Tauernes, in Innes, in Alehouses, 
 nor what gentlemen doe spend in their owne houses and chambers, it would 
 amount to a great reckoning, but if I cou'de deliuer truly what is spent 
 throughout the whole Realme of England, in that idle vanitie, I thinke it 
 woulde make a number of good people (that haue anie feare of God in them) 
 to lament, that such a masse of Treasure, should be so basely consumed, 
 that might be imployed to many better purposes.—//. 25-27. 
 
 (3.) Joshua Sylvester, the tranflator of Du Bartas, wTote a 
 poem, under the title of Tobacco battered ; and the Pipes JJwttnrd 
 (About tJieir Eares that idlely Idolize fo bafe and barbarous a Weed ; 
 or at least-wife ouer-loue fo loathfonte Vanitie:) by A Volley of holy 
 Shot thundered from Mount Helicon. The caHbre of this Invec- 
 tive may be injured by its concluding lines — 
 
 . ■ . . How iuster will the Heau'nly God, 
 
 Th' Eternal, punish with infernal Rod, 
 
 In Hell's darke (Fomacc, with black Fumes, to choak) 
 
 Those, tliat on Earth will still offend in Snioak f 
 
 Offend their Friends, with a Most VH-Resf>eet : 
 
 Offend their Wiues and Children, with Neglect : 
 
 Offend the Eyes, with foule and loathsom -Spawlings : 
 
 Offend the Nose, with filthy Fumes exhalings : 
 
 Offend the Eares, with lowd lewd Execratioiu : 
 
 Offend the Mouth, with ougly Excrealions : 
 
 Offend the Sense, with stupefying Sense : 
 
 Offend the Weake, to follow their Offense : 
 
 Offend the Body, and offend the Mmde : 
 
 Offend the Conscience in a fearefull kinde : 
 
 Offend their Baptisnte, and their Second Birth : 
 
 Offend the Maiestie of Heau'n and E.->rth. 
 
 Woe to the World because of Such Offenses ; 
 
 So voluntaire, so voyd of all pretenses 
 
 Of all Exctise (saue Fashion, Custome, Will) 
 
 In so apparant. proued. granted, ///. 
 
 Woe, woe to them by Whom Offences come. 
 
 So scandalous to All our Christendome. 
 1615. An Advice ho7i' to platit Tobacco in England: and how to 
 bring it to colour and perteclion, to whom it may be profitable, and 
 to whom harm full. The vertues of the Hcarbe in gene'all, as 
 
 well in the outioard application as taken in Fv'ME- With the 
 dans^er of the Spanifh Tobacco. Written by C. T. 
 
 Tliis work gives us a good idea of the rapid growth of To- 
 bacco Smoking in England. 
 
 I haue heard it reported, by men of good iudgement, that there is paid out 
 of England and Ireland, neere the value of two hundred thousand pounds 
 euery yeare for Tobacco ; and that the greatest part thereof is bought for 
 ready money. Sure I am, that when our Engli>hmen for these seuen or eight 
 yeares last past, traded for it at Trinidado, or in Orenoqne, that great store 
 of Gold, Siluer, Coine. and plate was carried hence, and giuen to the Spaniard 
 there in exchange. For so greedy were our English of the Indim Tobacco, 
 as where in the beginning of our traffique there, some yeares since, the 
 Spaniards as in all new plantations" were pre.st with all sorts of \»a-.ts ; and 
 had neither cloathes to couer them, nor shooes to tread on, nor tread to 
 eate. and did therefore exchange their Tob.icco for Fish. Wine. Aqua-vitae, 
 all sorts of lasting food, for woollen stockins, hats, threed. hatchets, ard the 
 like : they became in a short time so cloyd with all these commodities, as 
 
On the Early Use of Tobacco in England. 119 
 
 nothing (some Silkes, and Cloath of Sillier and Gold excepted) but ready 
 Money, and Siluer plate could content them. 
 
 This Trade therefore, where the Treasure of this land is vented for smoke, 
 cannot but great'y preiudice the Common-weale : which although it were in 
 some sort toUerable, by reason that many shippes and Mariners were employed, 
 and that thereby wee kept our knowledge of the West Indies, and bred many 
 sufficient Marriuers : yet seeing the Spaniards haue now vtterly banished our 
 Merchants, and put all to the sword, or to a more croel) death, which they 
 can maister, or betray in those parts : I haue thought good, as well for the 
 keeping within the Land of the Treasure before spoken of, then carried into 
 the Indies, and now into Spaine, as for other respects htreafter remembred; 
 to instruct those of our Nation how to sow, plant and perfect this drugge. 
 
 For besides the ill exchange mads for this fantastical! merchandize, and 
 besides, the e,xtreame rate, and price of the Indian I'obacco , of which the 
 greatest part is sold for ten times the value of pepper, and the best of it, 
 weight for weight, for the finest siluer; it is hard to find one pound weight 
 in fine hundred, that is not sophisticate. 
 
 The naturall colour of Tobacco is a deepe 5'ellow, or a light tawnie : and 
 when the Indians themsehies sold it vs for Kniues, Hatchets, Beads, Belles, 
 and like merchandise, it had no other complexion, as all the Tobacco at this 
 day hath, which is brought from the coast of Guiana, from Saint Vincetiis, 
 from Saint Ltuia, from DoMinica, and other places, where we buy it but of 
 the naturall people, and all these sorts are cleane, and so is that of St. Do- 
 iningo, where the Spaniards haue not yet learned the Art of Sophistication. 
 
 There is also a sort of Caraccas Tobacco, which the Indians make vp, and 
 sell to the .Spaniards, which is wholesome enough; but there comes little of 
 it into England. 
 
 Now besides these harmefull mixtures, if our Engfi.sh which delight in 
 Indian Tobacco, hadseenehow the Spanish sfaues make it vp, how they dresse 
 their sores, and pockie vicers, with the same vnwasht hands with which they 
 slubber and annoynt the Tobacco, and call it sawct Ptr los fierros Lutcranos, 
 for Lutheran dogges, they would not so often draw it into their heads and 
 through their noses as they doe : yea many a filthy sauour should they find 
 therein, did not the smell of the hunny maister it, which smell euery man 
 may plainly perceiue that takes of the blacke roll Tabacco, brought from 
 Orettoque, Trinidado, and else-where. 
 
 1616. John Deacon — who appears to have been another 
 Philli]") Stubbes — dedicated Tobacco torittred ; or the filthie fitme 
 of Tobacco refined: to James I. 
 
 This work is in the form of a dialogue between Capniflns and 
 Hydrophonis. It is divided into two parts: (i.) The Fume of 
 Tobacco taken inward, is very pernicious vnto the Body. (2.) 
 The Eume of Tobacco taken inward, is too too profluuious for 
 many of our Tobaccofiists purfes, and moft pernicious to the 
 publike -State. 
 
 The following extracts will fliow the nature of the work. 
 
 Capn. Alas poore Tobacco, my pretie Tobacco; thou that hast bene hitherto 
 accompted the Ale-knights armes, the Beere-brewers badge, the Carousers 
 crest, the Drunkards darling, the Draffe-sacks delight, the E.isterlings ensigne, 
 the Fantasticals foretresse, the Gormandizers glorie, the hungry Hostesses ale- 
 pole, the Mad-braines merriment, the New-fangles noueltle. the Poope-noddies 
 piramour, the Ruffians reflection, the Swil-boles swine-troffe, the Tinkers 
 trull, the Tospots protection, the Vintners vintage, and the vnthrifts pasport : 
 thou must now (I feare me) bee enforced forthwith to take thy farewell to- 
 wards the vttermost parts of India, from whence thou were first transported 
 to England by vicious and wild dispositions /• 57- 
 
 Hydr. First therefore for the exceeding high rate that this Tobacco hath 
 euer bene at since the very first arriuall thereof into England, thou thy selfe, 
 and all our Tobacconists, are able to say this of your owne proper knowledge : 
 
I20 Ox THE Early Use of Tobacco in England. 
 
 namely, that the same hath vsually bene sold by the pound, for twentie 
 nobles, fiue, foure, or three pounds: yea and when it came to the lowest 
 price, it could not bee had vnder foure markes or fortie shillings, which 
 amiiunteth to three shillings four pence an ounce at the least. Is not this 
 ithinkest thou an exceeding high rate for tilthie Tobacco? . . . p. 6i. 
 
 Hydr. Concerning therefore that former superfluous and riotous waste, which 
 those Tobacconists do so wilfully make about their beastly Tobacco fumes, 
 do tell me in good sadnesse, whether it be not a superfluous waste, for any 
 man of great place, to paddle forth yearely one hundred pounds at the least, 
 for an hundred gallons of filthy fumes ? for a Gentleman of meaner condition, 
 to be at forlie pound annuall expences, about bare fortie pottels of stinking 
 flames, for a Yeoman, an Husbandman, an Artificer, a Trades-man, a Tinker, 
 a Shoomaker, or a Cobbler, to bestow weekely some three shillings four- 
 pence at the least, for but one onely ounce of fantastical fooleries t . . . p.tz. 
 
 Hydr. So as by these meanes they make great noble Persons, but single- 
 scaled Gentlemen : well bred Gentelmen, but bare thredded Yeomen ; bound- 
 full Yeomen, b;it beggerly Husbandmen , hospitious Husbandmen, but shifting 
 Trades-men, artificious Trades-men but conicatching companions , conicatch- 
 ing companions, but \-agabond rogues. Thus thou mayest plainly perceiue 
 how these their int'ixicating Tobacco fumes are able in an vnpeiceiuable and 
 Circean manner to transforme nobilitie into gentrie, gentrie mto yeomanrie, 
 yeomanrie mto husbandry, husbandrie into maunu.irie, manuarie into manu- 
 biarie. manubiarie into a vagrant and retchlesse roguerie, and what not 
 besides? p. 65. 
 
 (2.) The ConnUrbListe was reprinted this year in Bishop 
 Montagu's edition of James' IVorkes. 
 
 1616. Bishop Montagu publifhed a Latin tranflation of the 
 King's works : in which the ComtUrblaJU appears as Mi/ocapnus, 
 feu <U Abufu Tabacci. This provoked a Polish Jefuit to write 
 Antimi/ocapnits, a tracl which I have not met with. 
 
 We cannot better conclude thefe fcatteretl notices, than with 
 the following poem : sometimes called Tobacco Spirittiaiized : but 
 which is evidently reprinted in Two BroadfuUs, &c. 1672 : see 
 No. 4, /. 6. 
 
 The Indian Weed withered quite. 
 Green at Noon, cut down at Night ; 
 Shews thy decay, all Flesh is hay : 
 Thus think, then drink Tobacco. 
 
 The Pipe that is so lilly-white. 
 Shews Thee to be a mortal Wight, 
 And euen such gone with a touch : 
 Thus think, then drink Tobaccv. 
 
 And when the Smoke ascends on high. 
 Think thou behold'st the Vanity 
 Of worldly stuff', gone with a puff: 
 Thus think, then drink Tobacco. 
 
 ^ And when the Pipe grows foul within. 
 
 Think on the Soul defird with Sin, 
 And then the Fire it doth require : 
 Thus think, then drink Tobacco. 
 
 The Ashes that are left behind 
 May serve to put thee still in mind. 
 That unto Dust return thou must: 
 Thus think, then drink Taiacco. 
 
 Answered by George Withers thus. 
 
 Thus think, drink no Tobacco. 
 
 Muir «&• Paterson, Printers, Edinburgh. 
 
14 DAY USE 
 
 LETURN TO DESK FROM WHICH BORROWED 
 
 This book is due on the last date stamped below, or 
 
 on the date to which renewed. 
 
 Renewed books are subject to immediate recalL 
 
 6Aue'58RHi 
 
 
 JUL 2 5 1B6: 
 
 m 261 16 8 
 
 JAN 2 ZOO? 
 
 i^S^ 
 
 45»gi 
 
 ^^% 
 
 \3^.an 
 
 ^^e^ 
 
 REC'D LD 
 
 m^ 
 
 FEB 5 1962 
 
 ^*S6c 
 
 ^sXpr^eug 
 
 4Wt 
 
 \sSf 5^ 
 
 ^vFcr 
 
 _RE 
 
 r- 
 
 JON 5 ^7 -8 PM 
 
 JUN ., 
 
 4 f ?V 1 1 1971 ^ 8 
 
 /:l! 
 
 MjL'eiDD 
 
 rwt^\\, 
 
 t^cTTYra^ 
 
 3^ 
 
 3^ 
 
 ■i£waK5>^ University of California 
 
 NOV 2 5 ZOt^""" 
 
 I^D 2 
 tC8481sl0)476 
 
v.\BW^wts 
 
 SoBOOSl^'^