I 
 
 v 
 
j 
 
 / 
 
\ 
 
 yJn'^K HISTOKICAL MANUSCKIPTS COMMISSION. 
 
 REPORT 
 
 ON THE 
 
 PALK MANUSCRIPTS 
 
 \ ^ ... 
 
 IN THE Possession of Mrs. Bannatyne, 
 OF Haldon, Devon. 
 
 LONDON : 
 PUBLISHED BY HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE. 
 To be pui'chased through any Bookseller or directly from 
 H.M. stationery OFFICE at the following addresses r 
 Imperial House, Kingsway, London, W,C.2, and 
 28, Abingdon Street, London, S.W.I. ; 
 37, Peter Street, Manchester ; 
 1, St. Andrew's Crescent, Cardiff ; 
 23, Forth Street, Edinburgh ; 
 or from E. PONSONBY, Ltd., 110, Grafton Street, Dublin. 
 
 1922. 
 
 Price 12s. 6d. Net. 
 
HISTORICAL :\IAXUSCRIPTS COMMISSION' 
 
 REPORT 
 
 ON THE 
 
 PALK MANUSCRIPTS 
 
 IN THE Possession of Mrs. Bannatyne, 
 OF Haldon, Devon. 
 
 
 LONDON : 
 PUBLISHED BY HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE. 
 To be purchased through any Bookseller or directly from 
 H.M. STATIONERY OFFICE at the following addresses ; 
 Imperial House, Kingsway, London, W.C.2, and 
 28, Abinodox Street, London, S.W.I. ; 
 37, Peter Street, Manchester ; 
 1, St. Andrew's Crescent, Cardiff ; 
 23, Forth Street, Edinburgh ; 
 or from E. PONSONBY, Ltd., 116, Grafton Street, Dublin. 
 
 1922. 
 
 Price I2s. 6d. Net. 
 
s> 
 
 541 
 
 ^ 
 
 G^\ 
 
O' 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . iii 
 
 List of Calendared Documents . . . . . . Ixviii 
 
 Calendar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 
 
 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421 
 
 501510 
 
This report has been prepared for the Commissioners, 
 at the suggestion and with the co-operation of the India Office, 
 by Colonel H. D. Love, R.E. (retired), who has also compiled the 
 index. 
 
 3 c -■ - : - 
 
 It is suggested that for reference purposes it be numbered 74. 
 
»I 
 
 THE PALK MANU8CRIPTS 
 
 IN THE POSSESSION OF MrS. BANNATYNPj 
 
 OF Haldon, Devon. 
 
 The Palk Manuscripts in the possession of Mrs. Bannatync 
 consist mainly of letters addressed to Sir Robert Palk from the 
 time when he relinquished the governorsliip of Madras in 1767 
 down to the end of 1786. They were wTitten by all sorts and 
 conditions of people — governors, councillors, natixe princes, 
 naval and military officers, civil servants, native officials and 
 pri\ate persons. The majority of the communications were 
 sent from Fort St, George, Madras, but some are from other 
 parts of the Southern Presidency, some from Bengal, and a few 
 from Bombay. Written as they were in stirring times, iiiost 
 of them before the publication of Indian newspapers was begun, 
 they are full of political and military intelHgenee, which is 
 imparted free from the restrictions and reservations imposed 
 on official correspondence with the Court of Directors. After 
 his return to England Palk aided several of his relations and the 
 sons of many friends to begin life in India by advancing money 
 to them and furnishing tliem with recommendations. All these 
 correspond with him, give their early impressions of the countrv, 
 and keep him informed of local events. The Palk Papers thus 
 supply many details of social life in India, regarding which 
 official documents are naturally silent. The collection contains 
 certain letters from Palk himself, most of which were addressed 
 to his friend William Martin Goodlad, one of the Secretaries to 
 the Government of Madras. On Goodlad's death these com- 
 munications were returned to their author, and were preser\'ed 
 by him. There are a few papers anterior to 1767, the most 
 important of which is a letter of 1755 from Colonel Stringer 
 Lawrence, embodying a narrative of his campaigns against the 
 French. 
 
 After the elimination of a number of business papers, such 
 as Bills of Exchange and Respondentia Bonds, there remain 
 470 documents, the contents of which are described in sub- 
 sequent pages of this report. From 1767 to 1776 the corres- 
 pondence is copious. It diminishes in volume between 1777 
 and 1780, and from 1781 to 1783 there is seareeh^ an Indian 
 letter. In 1784 the tide flows again, but at the end of 1786 
 the correspondence terminates abruptly. That letters were 
 written and received during the period of scarcity is undoubted, 
 though their ultimate fate is vmknown. Part of the original 
 collection found its way in 1894 to the British Museum, where 
 it is preserved in four volumes {Additional JISS. 31,685 — 88). 
 
IV 
 
 The lirst of these volumes contains business documents of no 
 importance ; the second comprises Indian letters to Palk 
 of 1768 and 1769 with a few of later date down to 1774 ; the 
 third consists of duplicates of despatches from the Court of 
 Directors to the Government of Madras between 1762 and 1765 ; 
 and the fourth of copies of official letters from Fort St. George 
 to the Court from 1763 to 1767. The chief interest lies in the 
 second volume. Sundry letters from Robert Palk are to be 
 found in the Warren Hastings correspondence preserved in 
 the British Museum {Addl. MSS. 29,132— 94). d' 
 
 Some knowledge of Palk's singular career is indispensable 
 for a thorough comprehension of the documents in Mrs. 
 Bannatyne's collection. The following brief sketch embraces 
 those members of his familv who are mentioned in the 
 correspondence. 
 
 Robert Palk came of yeoman stock established at Ashburton,. 
 Devon. The family homestead was liOwer Headborough, the 
 first farm out of Ashburton on the road to Buckland-in-the-Moor, 
 and within half a mile of the town. In 1679 Walter Palk, of 
 Ashburton, left the reversion of his lands to his nephew Walter 
 {b. 1659), son of Thomas Palk.'^) This second Walter was 
 succeeded by his eldest son W^alter (b. 1686), his other children 
 being Jonathan, Thomas and Grace. The third Walter married 
 Frances Abraham at Buckland-in-the-Moor, and had three 
 children, Walter {b. 1714), Robert {b. 1717), the subject of this 
 notice, and Grace. The fourth Walter married in succession 
 Thomasine Widdicombe, of Priestaford, Ashburt(jn, her sister 
 Mary Widdicombe, and Mary Mugford, by all of whom he had 
 children. His brother Robert, afterwards Governor of Madras, 
 married Anne Yansittart, to whom reference will be made later, 
 and his sister Grace became the wife of Richard Welland. 
 Two of the Welland boys, nephews of Robert Palk, served in 
 India. Among the numerous offspring of the fourth Walter 
 were Walter {b. 1742), afterwards M.P. for Ashburton ; Robert 
 (6. 1744), who joined the Bengal civil service ; Thomas (/;. cir. 
 
 (1) The Warren Hastings Correspondence contains 23 letters (excluding 
 duplicates) from Robert Palk, viz : — 
 
 Add. MSS. 29132 Letters dated 23 June, 1769 ; 23 Mar., 1770 ; 9 April, 1771. 
 
 7 Ap., 1772 ; 8 Feb. and 8 Ap., 1773. 
 22 Mar., 1771. 
 
 25 Dec, 1774. 
 4/21 Feb., 12 Ap., 19 Nov., 12 Dec. and 13 
 
 Dec, 1775. 
 21 Dec, 21 Dec. and 28 Dec, 177G. 
 1 Mav, 1778. 
 27 Mar., 1780. 
 20 Ap., 1780. 
 30 May, 1781. 
 
 26 June, 1782. 
 1 July, 1782. 
 
 N.D. [cir. Nov., 1773]. 
 are to Hastings, excepting that of the 2Gth June, 1782, 
 which is addressed to Major Scott, Hastings's agent in England. The final volume 
 (Add. MSS. 29,193) contains also an undated letter from Robert Palk, jun., to 
 William Aldersev regarding the arrest of Nandkuiuar. 
 
 (2) Devonshire IVills, C. Worthy, 1896. 
 
 >t 
 
 29133 
 
 tt 
 
 29134 
 
 t> 
 
 29135 
 
 f J 
 
 29136 
 
 tt 
 
 29138 
 
 t> 
 
 29140 
 
 n 
 
 29144 
 
 it 
 
 29145 
 
 II 
 
 29149 
 
 n 
 
 29154 
 
 tt 
 
 29155 
 
 tP 
 
 29193 
 
 All the 
 
 above letters 
 
1750), who came to^Madras a cadet, but was later transferred 
 to the civil service ; Grace, who married Nicholas Tripe oi' 
 Ashburton ; and Jonathan, vicar of Ilsington. Mention is 
 made also of two brothers, Lieut. Thomas Palk and Ensign John 
 Palk of the Madras army, who appear to have been grandsons 
 of one of Sir Kobert Palk's uncles. They died together while 
 cam])aigning in the Northern Circars. Other Indian connections 
 of Sir Robert were Thomas Abraham, a Bengal civil servant, 
 who was a member of his mother's family, and several of the 
 Vansittarts, his wife's relations. 
 
 It is said that Robert Palk was born at Ambrooke, in the parish 
 of Ipplepen, whicli was the property of the Neyle family, but 
 the statement needs verification. Certain it is that he was 
 baptized at the Old Mission House, Ashburton, on the 16th 
 December, 1717. He received his early education at vVshburton 
 Grammar Schocjl, a very ancient foundation, matriculated at 
 Wadham College, Oxford, in 1736, and graduated three years 
 later. After being ordained deacon the Rev. Robert Palk was 
 appointed a naval chaplain, and in 1747 he accompanied 
 Roscawen's expedition to the East Indies as chaplain to the 
 Admiral. He arrived at Fort St. David in July, 174.8, and was 
 present at the unsuccessful siege of Pondicherry. In November 
 news reached India of the Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, but though 
 hostilities ceased, the fleet remained on the Coast. At the 
 beginning of the following year an incident occurred which 
 determined Palk's future career. The Rev. Francis Fordyce, 
 the Company's chaplain at Fort St. David, a notoriously 
 quarrelsome and ill-tempered man, publicly insulted Robert 
 Clive, and blows were exchanged between them in the streets of 
 Cuddalore. An enquiry was held by the Governor and Council 
 with the result that Fordyce was suspended as being " a 
 meddling mischievous person." Palk was invited to enter the 
 Company's service as chaplain pending the approval of the 
 Directors, and the Admiral consented to his transfer. This 
 " very w^orthy and able Divine " assumed his new duties on the 
 1st April, 1749. 
 
 Meanwhile the Directors sent out the Rev. George Swynfen 
 as a second chaplain for the Coast, and though they approved 
 of Palk's appointment, decided that their own nominee should 
 be the senior. In October, 1750, the fleet sailed for Bombay 
 en route for England, and Palk accompanied it with the intention 
 of formally resigning His Majesty's service and obtaining a 
 regular engagement from the Company. On reaching Bombay 
 in March, 1751, he heard of Swynfen's death, and returned at 
 once to P\)rt St. David, where he was reinstated. Fort St, 
 George, which had been in the possession of the French from 
 1746,' was restored in 1749, and in .Ipril, 1752, the seat of 
 Government was transferred from Fort St. David to Madras, 
 Palk accompanying the President and Council thither. In 
 December, 1751, the Directors, having heard of Palk's departure 
 
VI 
 
 in the preceding year, but not of his return, nominated two 
 chaplains for the Coast, the Rev. Samuel Staveley and the Rev. 
 Thomas Colefax. The arrival of these gentlemen in June, 
 1752, left no vacancy for Palk. The Madras Government, 
 however, quickly found another place for him. The Consul- 
 tation Book for August contains the following : — 
 
 " The account of the army in camp having been kept in an 
 irregular manner, which creates confusion, 'tis agreed that the 
 Rev. Robert Palk be appointed Paymaster and Commissary 
 in the Field at the rate of 10s. a dav salary and Rs. 5 a dav 
 batta." 
 
 At this juncture Colefax died, and Palk continued to perform 
 clerical duties intermittently in addition to his special work. 
 That work brought liim into intimate relations with Major 
 Stringer Lawrence, who commanded the army operating against 
 the French in the southern districts. On two occasions, in 
 April, 1753, and May, 1754, Palk was sent to the Court of Tanjore, 
 where he successfully negotiated with the Raja for aid in troops 
 and money ; and in January, 1751, he was dejjuted with Henry 
 Vansittart to meet the French commissaries at Sadras and 
 arrange a suspension of hostilities. No agreement was then 
 effected, but at the end of the year Palk and Vansittart went 
 to Pondicherry and returned with a provisional treaty of peace. 
 The Government of Madras were so well satisfied with Palk's 
 political work that they presented him with a diamond ring of 
 the value of 1,000 pagodas. 
 
 At this period Robert Orme, the future historian of the war 
 with the French in India, was a member of the Fort St. George 
 Council. The following extract from a confidential letter, 
 dat^d 2Gth October, 1755, addressed by him to John Payne, 
 one of the Directors, throws light on Palk's character and 
 duties : — 
 
 " Mr. Palk, a gentleman left in India by Mr. Boscawcn and 
 made chaplain at St. David, was, at the time I left India, '^' in 
 high favour with Mr. Saunders : <-' he was one of his familv. 
 It is long since this gentleman had thrown aside the learning 
 of ancient or Christian books to study the tempers of mankiiui, 
 in which he is indeed a great proficient, and as great a one in 
 adapting himself to them, I must say, with decency. His 
 character as a clergyman admitted him to the conciliation of 
 disputes, and where he did not succeed, his intentions were 
 rewarded with the graceful name of a Peace Maker. I had 
 perceiv'd ^'ari()lls instances of his address in the management of 
 persons at variance with another, and sup])resscd what was my 
 rising sentiment in fa^our of the general one. Mr. Palk was 
 chose by Mr. Saunders to go to camp, under the name of a 
 Commissary design'd to retrench expences, but with the real 
 view of softning and managing Colonel Lawrence's warm and 
 
 (1) Jii IT");?, when Oriiic visited I'limland in cDiiipany with ('live. 
 
 (2) 'riioiii.is launders. Pi t-hiikiit and Cii>\crn<)i', first a( ]''nrt St. David and after- 
 wards at- Fori. 8t. George, from Sept., IT.'SO, to Jan., 1755. 
 
vn 
 
 sudden temper in tlie contests then subsisting between him and 
 JMr. Saunders, How well he fulliird this eonunission I would 
 Avilliugly thr()\v a veil o\ er, but the facts are known to all, and 
 do not seem disavowed by himsell'. He receixed from ('ok)nel 
 Lawrence most benelicial employs in the camp, and by his 
 means in other ser\"iees, which have, in the time of my \oyage, 
 set him inde})endant in the world, \\ith at least 10, 000/. from 
 two he came with into India. And from a month after his 
 arrival in camp, Mr. Saunders rcceiAcd no further tokens of his 
 attention or respect. Colonel liawrencc became all in all xvith 
 Mr. Palk. 
 
 " The influence which I have above described Mr. Palk to 
 have over the greatest part of the community of which he is 
 the pastor shone forth eminently now in their notions of the 
 Governor. Mr. Palk blamed him : all the world did so too. 
 Mr. Palk gave witness to a more than heroick character in 
 Colonel Lawrence : he became immediatelv a hero of the hrst 
 order." (d 
 
 Lawrence and Palk met Nawab Muhammad Ali at Areot in 
 August, 1755. and attended him at his trimnphal entry into 
 his capital. In the preceding February the Directors had 
 nominated a Select Committee of eight members at Fort St. 
 George to communicate with their own Secret Conmiittee on 
 military and political topics, and they settled that the first 
 vacancy should be filled by the Rev. Robert Palk. An opening 
 occurred at once by the death of Colonel Caroline Scott, Engineer 
 General, and Palk occupied it in September. In December, 
 however, the Court Avith accustomed vacillation decreed that 
 he shoidd confiiie himself to Church work and be posted to Fort 
 St. David. On receipt of these instructions in 1756, Palk 
 announced his intention ol' leaving for England, but asked for 
 time to wind up his affairs. With the sanction of Mr. Pigot's 
 Government he remained at Fort St. George until August, 1758, 
 exercising his various functions as chaplain, paymaster of the 
 forces and member of the Select Connnittee. 
 
 In company with Orme, Palk sailed in the Grantham, India- 
 man. The ship was cai)tLu-ed by the French, who landed the 
 passengers at the Cape and released them on parole. Palk 
 reached England in 1750, bearing letters from the Nawab of 
 Arcot to the King and the Compan3\ His personality, ability 
 and address produced such an effect on the Directors that they 
 penned the following lines in their despatch of the 15th 
 February, 1760 :— 
 
 " We have fixed upon Mr. Robert Palk to succeed Mr. Pigot 
 in the Government whenever it shall become vacant by the 
 resignation or decease of that gentleman, being fully convinced 
 his ability and experience will be of great service to the Company 
 both before and after his succession to the Government, 
 especially as affairs are at present circumstanced." 
 
 (1) Orme MSS., vol. 28, preserved in the India Office. 
 
vni 
 
 On the 14th November, 1760, arms were granted to " Robert 
 Palk of Headborough in the County of Devon," (i* and in the 
 following February he married Anne, daughter of Arthur 
 Vansittart of Shottesbrook Park, Berks., and sister of his old 
 friend and former colleague Henry Vansittart, who had mean- 
 while become Governor of Bengal. Palk sailed in March, 1761, 
 with Major-General Stringer I/awrence as a fellow-passenger, 
 arri\-ed at Madras in October, and took his seat as Third of 
 Council with the duties of Export Warehousekeeper. On the 
 resignation of Governor Pigot on the 14th November, 1763, 
 Palk assumed the office of President, occupying the Chair until 
 the 25th January, 1767. His administration was popular 
 and comparatively peaceful, the chief events being the suppres- 
 sion in 1764 of Yusuf Khan's rebellion in Madura, and the 
 occupation of the Circars, followed by the Treaty of Hyderabad, 
 in 1766. Clive had obtained from the Mogul in 1765 a free gift 
 to the Company of the five coast districts north of the Kistna 
 which \vere known as the Northern Circars. They were ruled 
 by Nizam Ali, Subahdar of the Deccan, who had granted one of 
 them, the Gimtiir Circar, to his brother Basalat Jang. Brig.- 
 General John Caillaud, Lawrence's successor, took possession 
 of the districts without serious opposition in 1766. The Nizam 
 was naturally aggrieved at his deprivation of territory, and 
 prepared to invade the Carnatic. Palk, a man of peace, deemed 
 it prudent to placate him, and Caillaud negotiated a settlement 
 at Hyderabad. By the Treaty of the 12th November, 1766, 
 tlie ?»Iadras Government agreed to pay an annual rent of eight 
 lakhs of rupees for the Circars, to leave Basalat Jang in possession 
 of (xuntur for the term of his life, and to afford aid to the Nizam 
 in the settlement of his own affairs. This last vague condition 
 led, after Palk's departure, to war with Haidar Ali. 
 
 Palk resigned the Chair to Charles Bourchier in January, 
 1767, and sailed for P^ngland in the Lord Camden, accompanied 
 by his wife and two children. Anne (Nancy) born in 1764, and 
 Lawrence, so named after Palk's friend the (ieneral, boni early 
 in 1766. The ex-Ciovernor reached England on the 13th July, 
 1767, and was well received l^y both the King and the Court of 
 Directors*-' (No. 38). His long residence in Lulia had enabled 
 him to acquire more than a com})etence. While placing the 
 interests of his employers first. Palk had not entirely neglected 
 his own. The fortune with which he retired was not all derived 
 I'rom his official emoluments. As Paymaster of the Army and 
 the holder of a bullock-contract granted him by Clive, he had 
 had early op})ortunities of making money, and those oppor- 
 tunities increased w ith his adxaneement in the ser\ice. He was 
 interested in private trade, a practice which was recognized by 
 the Company, The custom of the time permitted the surrep- 
 
 (1) Polwholo's llinlonj of Devomhire. 1793 and 1797. 
 
 (2) British Museum, Addl. MSS., 34,685, Robert. Palk to " Jimmy " [James 
 Bourchier], dated — Nov.j 1767. 
 
IX 
 
 titioiis receipt of presents by all public servants who could 
 conunand them, I*alk admits in one of his letters that he 
 accepted gifts ol" money from prospective ivntcrs of lands, but 
 he takes credit to liimself for never having solicited a present. 
 The Nawab had nnieh to gain from a Governor, and though 
 Palk resisted pressure to attack Tanjorc, he rendered valuable 
 aid at Madura, and Muhammad Ali probably attested his 
 gratitude in the usual manner. The conclusion of treaties 
 furnished other facilities. Aceordino- to John Andrews, a 
 senior civil servant who was deputed in January, 17C0, to 
 arrange terms with Haidar, Palk received from the Nizam a 
 lakh of pagodas and (!aillaud Pags. 60,000 for negotiating the 
 Treaty of Hyderabad of 1766. (^ 
 
 After visiting his relations in Devonshire Palk took a house 
 in Spring Gardens, and entered Parliament as meml)er for 
 Ashburton. In 176!) he purchased the Haldon estate near 
 Exeter. The house had been built by Sir George Chudleigh 
 about 17*20. After his death in 1738 the jjroperty passed in 
 succession to Sir John Chichester, Mrs. Basset, Mr. John Jones 
 and Mr. William ^^'ebber.'-' A friend writing to Palk in 
 Deccmlier, 1769, congratuiates him on the cheapness of his 
 purchase, and mentions that Mr. Webber had given Mr. Jones 
 11,500/. for it.<'^) Palk made many improvements ; laid down 
 floors of Indian redwood, planted trees in the park, and gradually 
 acquired adjacent land. A daughter Catherine (Kitty) was born 
 to the Palks on New Year's day, 1768, and another, named 
 Emelia, in 1771. Both died during adolescence. 
 
 Though he never joined the Company's Directorate, Robert 
 Palk exercised influence on Indian affairs through Laurence 
 Sulivan and other friends. Wlien not following the pursuits of 
 a country gentleman at Ilaldon he resided in London, where he 
 occupied a house in Park Place, St. James's, moving in 1775 to 
 Bruton Street. He re-entered Parliament in 1774 and represented 
 Ashburton until 1787. His friend Stringer Lawrence was 
 his frequent, if not permanent, guest until the General died 
 in London in 1775. Lawrence was buried in the ehiu'ch of 
 Dunchideock by Ilaldon, which contains a monument to his 
 jnemory. Palk conmiemorated him by erecting a turreted 
 and battlemented tower, triangular in plan, on the summit of 
 Haldon Hill, and within the park. It is known as the Belvidere. 
 The principal room on the lowest of its three floors contains a 
 marble statue of Lawrence, and mural tablets are inscribed 
 with a recital in English, Latin and Persian of his military 
 exploits. It was at Haldon House that a conference took place 
 in September, 1776, between Robert Palk, George Vansittart, 
 General Caillaud, Mr. Pechell and Colonel Macleane to discuss 
 
 (1) Jiritish Museum, Addl. MSS.. 3i.686, Charles Bourcbier to Robert Palk, 
 dated 10th March, 1769. 
 
 (2) Puhvhele's Ilistori/ of Devonshire, whicli contaius a full-page engraving of 
 the niaixsion. 
 
 (") Briiish Museum, Addl. MSS., 31,680. 
 
the conditions to be obtained from Lord North as the price of 
 resignation by Hastings of tlie office of Governor General. 
 
 On the 19th June, 1782, Robert Palk was created a baronet. 
 His only son Lawrence, after leaving Oxford, travelled on the 
 Continent. Some of the son's letters written in the course of 
 the tour have been preserved. During his absence from 
 England in 1786 his eldest sister Anne became the wife of Sir 
 Bourchier Wrey, Bt., and the youngest, Emelia, died. Lady 
 Palk expired in 1788 at the age of 50. Her husband survived 
 her ten years. Sir Robert was buried in Dunchideock church, 'i) 
 but the remains were remo\'ed many years later to a vault 
 outside the building. A simple tablet near the monument to 
 Stringer Lawrence records the names of himself and eight 
 members of his family. 
 
 The docunicnts in ^Irs. Bannatyne's collection are calendared 
 at the end of this report. The earliest (No. 1) is an autograph 
 letter from Colonel Stringer Lawrence to Admiral Charles 
 Watson, Conmiander-in-Chief of the East India squadron, dated 
 I'ort St. Cieorge, 8th October, 1755, embodying Lawrence's 
 " Narrative " of his campaigns of 1752-1751. The letter, 
 ^^'hich is bound in book form, contains 221 quarto pages of 
 manuscript. Admiral Watson, who had brought out Adlercron's 
 Regiment, the 39th Foot, in 1754, was at IMadras on the date 
 of the letter, and he sailed two days later for Bombay on a 
 mission to suppress the pirates of the Malabar coast and destroy 
 the stronghold at Gheriah or Viziadrug of their chief Angria. 
 The narrative was perhaps handed to the Admiral by Lawrence 
 to relieve the tedium of the voyage. Other MS. copies of the 
 account exist, one in the King's Library of the British Museum, <-' 
 and one in the Orme collection at the Lidia Oflice.*^' The 
 narrative was edited and published by R. O. Cambridge in his 
 Account of the War in India, and, as that work is accessible, it is 
 unnecessary to do more than indicate the principal variations 
 between Mrs. Baimatyne's MS. and the printed account {Tide 
 No. 1 in the Calendar of jMSS.) 
 
 Stringer Lawrence, the "' Father of the Indian Army," was 
 born in 1G98, and became an Ensign in Clayton's Regiment, 
 now the West Yorks. After twenty years' service, during which 
 he was actively engaged in .Spain and Flanders and in the 
 Highland rising of 1715, he retired as Caj^tain. joined the East 
 India Com})any, and at the age of 19 embarked lor Madras in 
 February, 1717, to be Major of the Fort St. (icorge garrison. 
 Madras having beoi captured by the French in 1716, liawrence 
 landed, after a voyage of ele\en months, at Fort St. David, 
 
 (1) The cliin'ch coutaius a nuniuiucat to cue of Sir Ilolnn't I'alk's [H'odocos-socs 
 in tlu! Govorniiu'ut of Madras, Aaron Baker, of Bowhay, \a-1u> died in 1683. Baker 
 entered the Company's service as Factor in 1633, and after being President at 
 Bantam in Java from KilO, was transferred with the seat of government in 1652 
 to Fort St. (Jeorge, where he ruled until 1055. His house at Bo\\hay, near 
 Dunchideock, is still standinti. 
 
 (-1 Bril. Ulutt. MS. 1!)5. atliiluite.l (n Captain Jnlm Caillaud. 
 
 V'i) Orme MSS.. vol. 13. 
 
XI 
 
 "where lie Avas gi^•en a scat in Council. lie reorganized and 
 disciplined the seven independent European companies, framed 
 a code of niiJitary law, and formed the body oi' native peons 
 into companies of sepoys. On the arrival ol' Boseawen's 
 expedition he commanded the Company's troops in the attack 
 on Pondichcrry, when he was taken prisoner. Released at the 
 suspension of hostilities, he was one of the Connnissaries appointed 
 to receive Fort St. George from the French, and on the transfer 
 of the Presidency to Madras he became Deputy Go\'ernor of 
 Fort St. David. In 1750 Lawrence resigned and went to Eng- 
 land, but the Directors induced him to return immediately 
 as Commander-in-Chief of all the Company's forces in India. 
 
 Landing at ^Madras in IMarch, 1752, Lawrence t<K)k command 
 of the army proceeding to relicNC Trichinopt)ly, where jMuham- 
 mad xAli, the claimant supported by the British for the possession 
 of the Carnatic, was besieged by the French and their nominee 
 Chanda Sahib. Marathas, Mysoreans and Tanjoreans took part 
 in the conflict on one side or the other. The relief was accom- 
 plished, and within two months d'Auteuil had surrendered to 
 Clive at Valikonda, and Law to Lawrence at Srirangam. 
 Chanda Sahib fell into the hands of the Tanjoreans and was 
 executed. Further fighting took place near Pondicheny, do 
 Kerjean being defeated at Bahour. From April to Xovendoer, 
 1753, Lawrence and his lieutenants, Major James Killpatrick 
 and Captain John Caillaud, were engaged in numerous actions 
 in the vicinity of Trichinopoly. At the battles of the Golden 
 Rock the French suffered defeat on three occasions. After 
 ineffectual negotiations for peace in January, 1754, the struggle 
 was renewed around Trichinopoly with varying fortimc until 
 October, when a suspension of arms was agreed to. Peace 
 followed at the end of the year ; Dupleix was recalled, and 
 liawrence received a commission as I/ieut. -Colonel from the King 
 and a sword of lionour from the Company. Orme thus writes 
 of Lawrence in a confidential letter to Payne of 1755 : — 
 
 " liawrence in his military command must have exerything 
 dependant on his own will, or that will which, infused into him 
 by others, he is taught to think his own. He is accessible, 
 sadly accessible, from the side of his vanity, which indidges itself 
 in frequent and honorable commemoration of his exploits. 
 Every designing man under him had the recommendation of 
 himself in his own power by his behaviour to his General. Now 
 amongst these some good, some very indifferent, got ascendancy 
 over the old gentleman. These, all these, must be served and 
 promoted ^vithout restriction. The contempt which Lawrence 
 always expressed for lucrative ^iews he verified in his own 
 conduct, altho' he saw not into other men, when his favourites, 
 acting from no f)thcr motives. His resolves are always violently 
 hurried on."<^' 
 
 On the cessation of hostilities Lawrence was superseded by 
 
 (I) Orme MSS., vol. 28, Orme to Payne, 26th Oct., 1755. 
 
Xll 
 
 his senior, Colonel John Adlercron, a newly arrived King's 
 officer, who remained in India three years. In 1757 war again 
 broke out between France and England. Lally captured Fort 
 St. David in 1758, and at the end of the year advanced on 
 Madras. Lawrence took charge of the defences and successfully 
 resisted a siege of upwards of two months. In April, 1759, 
 he visited England for the recovery of his health, but returned in 
 1761 in company with Palk, and took his seat as Second of 
 Council with the rank of Major-General. From this time his 
 duties were administrative until his retirement in April, 1766. 
 He received a pension from the Company, an annuity from 
 Clive, and an annual grant from the Nawab of the Carnatic. 
 At his death in 1775 the Company erected a monument to his 
 memory in Westminster Abbey bearing the legend, " Discipline 
 established, fortresses protected, French and Indian armies 
 defeated, and peace concluded in the Carnatic." A portrait 
 of Lawrence in company with Nawab Muhammad Ali hangs 
 in the Banqueting Hall of Government House, Madras. A later 
 picture by Gainsborough is in the National Portrait Gallery. 
 
 Other early documents preserved by Sir Robert Palk include 
 a lively letter (No. 2) from John Pye, one of the Navy agents ; 
 an order from the Crown (No. 4) based on the Treaty of Paris 
 of 1763 ; an application (No. 5) in Latin from a Portuguese 
 missionary, and letters (No. 6) from the Nawab of the Carnatic 
 to the King and the Company. 
 
 On Palk's departure from India in January, 1767, the regular 
 stream of letters begins. The ex-Governor's principal corres- 
 pondents during Charles Bourchier's administration were the 
 new President himself, and his brother James Bourchier, a 
 prominent civil servant ; Colonel John Call, Chief Engineer and 
 member of Council, who was also a Field Deputy in the first 
 Mysore war ; William Martin Goodlad, the Civil Secretary, a 
 regular correspondent until his death in 1773 ; John Maxwell 
 Stone, the Secretary in the Military and Political Department ; 
 Nawab Walajah of the Carnatic ; Nicholas Morse, who was 
 Governor when Madras capitulated to the French in 1746, but 
 had since become head of a house of agency ; Josias Du Pre, 
 a mcml)er of the Council and Bourchier's successor ; Chokappa 
 Chetti, one of the Company's Merchants for the annual 
 " Investment " in the manufacture of cotton fabrics for export ; 
 John Pybus, who had been a volunteer with Clive in the capture 
 and subsequent defence of Arcot in 1751 ; George Smith, a free- 
 merchant; Henry Brooke, a civil servant, who later had a share 
 in the deposition of Lord Pigot ; Thomas Palk, nephew of the 
 late Governor and a cadet of 1768, who saw active service in 
 Mysore but was afterwards transferred to the civil branch ; 
 Captain Thomas Madge, commanding a battalion of native 
 infantry in the Northern Circars, and Lieut. Thomas Palk, a 
 subaltern of Madge's corps and a distant cousin of Robert Palk. 
 Bengal news is communicated by George Vansittart and Robert 
 
Xlll 
 
 Palk, jim., the ex-Governor's brother-in-law and nephew 
 respectively. As time passes other Indian correspondents, 
 such as Warren Hastings, Alexander Wynch, Gilbert Ironside, 
 James Rennell, Henry Vansittart, jun., etc., come forward, 
 while letters from Laurence Sulivan in England throw light on 
 the character of a man who long exercised a potent influence over 
 the affairs of the East India Company. 
 
 Bourchier's administration was mainly occupied with the 
 Mysore war. His first letter to Palk deals, however, with a 
 domestic event. Mrs. Palk's brother George Vansittart and 
 Robert Palk, jun., both Bengal civil servants, had come down 
 from Calcutta to bid farewell to their departing relations. 
 There had arrived from England a little earlier a Miss Sarah 
 Stonhouse, daughter of the Rev. Sir James Stonhouse, who was 
 successively physician, clerk in holy orders, and baronet. The 
 young lady was a distant connection of IMrs. Palk and George 
 Vansittart, whose mother was Martha, daughter of Sir John 
 Stonhouse, an earlier baronet. The attractions of Miss Sarah 
 were considerable, and James Bourehier, George Vansittart and 
 the younger Robert Palk all aspired to her hand, ^^ansittart 
 proved to be the successful suitor, and he went back to Bengal 
 an engaged man. James Bourehier was grievously disappointed, 
 and Robert Palk consoled himself at a later date with the lady's 
 younger sister Lucia. Charles Bourehier, who deemed Sarah 
 artificial, writes (No. 21) a full account of the episode, apprehen- 
 sive that the elder Palk will not be well pleased with the 
 Vansittart-Stonhouse match. 
 
 The Mysore war is generally attributed to the Treaty of 
 Hyderabad, though Palk contests this view. The article relating 
 to British assistance for the Nizam was well understood to imply 
 military support against Haidar Ali. The Marathas were pre- 
 pared to attack ^lysore, and although no formal agreement 
 with them subsisted, the three powers acted as confederates. 
 The Marathas under the Peshwa Madhu Rao were first in the 
 field and gained some success in the northern part of Haidar's 
 dominions. A British force assembled under Colonel Joseph 
 Smith, who was directed to unite with the Hyderabad army 
 commanded by Nizam Ali in person, and attack Bangalore 
 from the north-east. Haidar quickly succeeded in buying off 
 the Marathas, and in inducing the Nizam to change sides. The 
 situation was thus completely altered. Instead of being one 
 of three confederates acting against IVIysore, the British found 
 themselves alone against two allied powers, Haidar and the 
 Nizam entered the Carnatic in Avigust, 1707, and battles were 
 fought at Changama and Triiiomalai in which the British were 
 victorious. Detached bodies of hostile ca\alry, however, 
 plundered the country, and one of them under Tipu made a raid 
 on Madras itself in September. In December the Nizam's 
 dominions were threatened on the east by a British force from 
 the Circars under Colonel Simon Hart. It was joined by a 
 
XIV 
 
 detachment from Bengal under Colonel Joseph Peach, who took 
 command. The approach of this body to Hyderabad so alarmed 
 the Nizam that he sent his nn'nister and connnander-in-chief, 
 Rukn-ud-daula, to Madras to sue for peace. A treaty was 
 signed on the 23rd February, 1768, by which the Nizam paid 
 an indemnity, while the annual tribute for the Circars was 
 reduced in amount. 
 
 Haidar then remained the only enemy. The British army was 
 formed in two divisions ; one under Colonel Joseph Smith, a 
 capable officer, was established at Kolar, while the other under 
 Colonel John Wood acted in the Baramahal. Smith's operations 
 were hampered by the interference of the Field Deputies, John 
 Call and (icorge Mackay, but Wood Avas successful in reducing 
 fort after fort. On marching to rejoin Smith in Mysore Wood 
 fought a se\'ere action at Mulbagal, in which both sides sustained 
 heavy losses. Bourchier summoned Smith to Council, and Wood, 
 who took command, displayed incapacity and met with a reverse 
 near Hosur. He was recalled in December, 1768, and was 
 subsequently tried by court-martial. Haidar penetrated into 
 the Baramahal and rapidly recovered his forts from the scattered 
 detachments left in them. Both sides, however, desired .peace ; 
 Haidar through fear of the Marathas, and because he dared not 
 meet Smith in pitched battle ; the Madras Government because 
 of the ruinous cost of the war. Negotiations took place early 
 in 1769 without result. Haidar then entered the Carnatic, 
 wliicli he laid waste with fire and sword. Smith, who had 
 resumed command in February, 1769, pursued him, but through 
 Want of cavalry, was unable to bring him to action. By forced 
 marches Haidar reached St. Thomas's Mount, eight miles from 
 Madras, and intimated his willingness to negotiate, provided 
 Smith, who was close behind him, was ordered to halt. Josias 
 Du Pre, the second member of Council, met Haidar at the Mount, 
 and a treaty was signed on the 3rd April. The common asser- 
 tion is that the enemy dictated peace at the gates of Madras, 
 though the only dictation was the naming of the envoy. 
 Bourchier, it is true, feared for the safety of the Black Town, but 
 Haidar was far more afraid of attack bv Smith, and if the latter 
 had been permitted to advance, the usurper would certainly 
 have decamped after doing as much damage as possible. The 
 terms of peace were moderate ; a defensive alliance between 
 the British and Mysore, and mutual restoration of conquests 
 and prisoners. Haidar refused to recognize Walajah as a party 
 to the treatv, nor would the Nawab assent to its terms. 
 
 The above outline will elucidate the descriptions and allusions 
 contained in the letters of the period. In a draft letter (No. 40) 
 addressed to Mr. S. — probably Thomas Saunders, who was 
 Deputy Chairman in 1767 — Robert Palk contends that the war 
 originated, not in the Treaty of Hyderabad, but in the inveterate 
 hatred which Haidar bore towards Muhannnad Ali, and his 
 consetiuent enmity to the British as the Nawab's supporters. 
 His hostility was disclosed by his correspondence with the rebel 
 
XV 
 
 Yusuf Khan, wliicli I'rll into English liands after tlic capture of 
 Madura in 1764 ; by liis sowing disaffection among the pohgars 
 of Tinnevelly ; and by his overtures to the Nizam in 1765, when 
 tlie latter was unfriendly to Fort St. George. Ilaidar was at 
 that time flushed witli successes over the Maratlias, and he 
 repelled the advances which Palk made. The Go\ crnor resolved 
 to obtain the alliance of the Nizam, and the treaty of 1766 was 
 arranged, which ga\e to the Company the peaceable possession 
 of the Circars. It was then expected that a combined expedition 
 would quickly secure the passes into the Carnatic and confine 
 Haidar to Mysore. The scheme eventually developed, howc\'er, 
 into a design for his complete overthrow. 
 
 An important letter (No. 19) from Colonel John Call deals 
 with the opening phases of the war and the movements of the 
 troops of the three allies. Call considers the Nizam's action 
 half-hearted, and he justly apprehends that both the Deccan 
 ruler and the Marathas may come to terms with the Mysore 
 usurper. He thinks that a binding agreement to prosecute 
 the war to a successful termination should be made between 
 the allies, and he encloses a review of the situation with the 
 terms of a draft treaty framed by himself. He places no reliance 
 on the INIarathas, and contemplates cooperation with Bengal 
 against them as soon as Haidar shall have been overthrown. 
 He goes on to narrate the measures taken by Government for the 
 suppression of the insurgent poligars in Madura and Tinnevelly, 
 and discusses arrangements for the payment of the Nawab's 
 debt to his private creditors. In a subsequent letter (No. 25) 
 Call refers to the irresolution of Nizam Ali and the successful 
 progress of the Marathas. Further letters from Call, dated 7th 
 August, 1768, and 26th June, 1769, will be found in British 
 Museum, AdclL MSS., 34,686. 
 
 Letters from John M. Stone (No. 29) and John Pybus (No. 30) 
 describe the progress of operations. Tipu's raid on Madras 
 is mentioned (No. 35) by a native correspondent. Captain, 
 Thomas Madge, who accompanied Colonel Hart's expedition 
 from the Circars, gives an accoimt (No. 42) of the capture of 
 Khammamett, the arrival of Colonel Peach from Bengal, the 
 advance to Warangal and the submission of Nizam Ali. Lieut. 
 Thomas Palk, who was with Madge, refers (No. 59) to Colonel 
 Wood's successes in the Baramahal and his action with Haidar 
 at Mulbagal on the 4th October, 1768. He also alludes to the 
 tragic end of Captain Michael Gee, Colonel Smith's aide-de-camp. 
 About this time Lieut. Palk's cousin and namesake, Thomas 
 Palk,*^) arrived from England. An account of his \oyRge is 
 given in a letter (No. 49) to his uncle Robert Palk, who was at 
 first unsuccessful in obtaining a writership for him. Tom Palk 
 was permitted to join Colonel Smith's di\'ision of the army at 
 Kolar, and was placed under the care of Captain Hector Mackay. 
 
 (1) This Thomas Palk will, in fioooi'danoo with his uncle's practice, ho hence- 
 forward designated Tom I'alk to dislingiiish him from his cousin. 
 
XVI 
 
 He relates (No. 55) his experiences with zest, and mourns the 
 death of his mentor, who was killed during Colonel Wood's 
 unsuccessful assault of the hill fort of Mulbagal on the night of 
 the 3rd October. Nicholas Morse laments (No. 61) the heavy- 
 cost of the war. He thinks it possible that Haidar may be 
 driven to apply to his late enemies the Marathas for aid, but 
 trusts that " those locusts may not appear in the Carnatic." 
 Haidar's troops, however, required no assistance in ravaging 
 the land, and W. M. Goodlad draws (No. 69) a melancholy 
 picture of its condition ; "all the country to the southward 
 entirely laid waste ; not an hutt or inhabitant to be seen for 
 sixty miles together, so terrible have been, and still are, the 
 devastations of the enemy's horse." Haidar's unexpected 
 appearance at the Mount and the consequent terms of peace 
 are commented on by Madge (No. 71), Du Pre (No. 73), 'i) 
 Goodlad (No. 79), and more fully by Governor Bourchier 
 (No. 78). 
 
 News from Bengal is supplied by George Vansittart, Resident 
 at Midnapur, and Robert Palk, jun. In April, 1767, they 
 allude (Nos. 23 and 27) to Ahmad Shah Abdali's victory over the 
 Sikhs, and his advance on Delhi with a large army of Afghans. 
 It is expected that he will be joined by the Nawab Vizier of 
 Oudh, Shuja-ud-daula, and that the Emperor, Shah Alam, 
 will be dethroned. These conjectures were not realized. A 
 British force moved towards Allahabad, and Shah Abdali retired. 
 By the end of the following year the English were again on good 
 terms with the Vizier, who consented to a reduction of his 
 army. Robert Palk, jun., who had entered the service in 1763, 
 found himself in trouble five years later. Appointed paymaster 
 for barrack construction at Cossimbazar, he followed the 
 practice of his predecessor in overcharging the Company for 
 materials purchased, and when an investigation was ordered, 
 was rash enough to destroy his accounts. He was consequently 
 suspended pending the decision of the Company. Supported 
 by Governor Verelst*^) and aided by his uncle in England, he 
 was reinstated in 1770, when Government appointed him to 
 the Revenue Council at Patna (No. 101). The Directors 
 considered his nomination unsuitable (No. 136), and by their 
 command Palk was removed from Patna in 1772 ; but the 
 order was revoked, and he was restored in the following year 
 (No. 220). Meanwhile, on the 12th June, 1770, he had married 
 at Calcutta Lucia Stonhouse, daughter of the Rev. Sir James 
 Stonhouse and sister of Mrs. George Vansittart (No. 101). 
 A son was born in 1771 (No. 158), but Mrs. Palk died on the 
 22nd June, 1772, aged 25 years. Her tomb in the South Park 
 
 (1) In a letter to Orme of the lOfch June, 1769, Du Pv^ expresses his views more 
 at length, ascribing the British failure to absence of cavalry, and consequent 
 inability to brin;; Haidar to .-iction (Orme MSS., vol. 30). Du Pr-^ niiKhthave added 
 to the causes insufficiency of transjiort and interference by llie Field Depulies 
 %vith the military command. 
 
 (2) Brit. Mus. Adcll. MSS., 31,080. Harry Verelst to Eobert Talk, sen., 21st 
 Sept., 1708. 
 
XVI 1 
 
 Street Burial Grouiui,*" Calcutta, bears an opitapli containing 
 five stanzas, one ol" which runs : — 
 
 " The tender pity slie would oft betray 
 
 Shall be witli interest at her shrine retm'ned ; 
 Connubial love connubial tears repay. 
 
 And Lucia loved shall still be Lucia mourned." 
 
 About a year after his return to England Governor Palk 
 received a claim from one TJayalu Pant, otherwise called Rajah 
 Pandit, late Renter of the lands and villages of San Thome by 
 Madras and of Devikota in the Tanjore country, for the refund 
 of money gifts made by liim, on the ground that his contract 
 had been annulled. Palk writes (No. 70) to his friend Goodlad, 
 admitting that he received substantial though unsolicited^ 
 presents from the claimant. He consents to repay a sum 
 proportional to the imexpired part of the Renter's term of con- 
 tract, and asks Goodlad to arrange the matter secretly in 
 conjunction Avith Muttukrishna Mudali, his former dubash. 
 Palk also wrote to Governor Bourchier, who replies (No. 78) 
 that " Rajahpundit is an infamous rascal, and is so much in 
 debt to the Nabob that he is now^ under confinement." The 
 affair was finally settled by Goodlad in 1771 (No. 140). 
 
 Captain Madge, on his return to the Circars after the war, 
 writes (No. 71) regarding the shortcomings of a cadet named 
 Smerdon, in whom Palk was interested. Smerdon, contrary 
 to his own inclination, was sent to India by his father, who 
 not only allowed his son to sail penniless, but failed even to 
 supply him with the clothing necessary for the voyage. Madge 
 aided him on his arrival at Madras and afterwards in the Circars, 
 but he proved to be temperamentally unfitted for the service, 
 and was permitted to resign it. His " elopement from Madras " 
 is subsequently recorded (No. 86). Lieut. Thomas Palk was 
 joined in the Circars in 1771 by his younger brother John, w^ho 
 gives an account (No. 124) of his voyage and first experiences 
 of India. On landing at Madras he w^as met by his cousin Tom 
 Palk, " who behaved very kind and genteel " to him. Imme- 
 diately after Ensign John Palk's arrival Madge received orders 
 to march against the rebelhous hill-chief of Totapilli (No. 129). 
 His detachment attained its object, but on its return march 18 
 out of the 20 Europeans accompanying it were struck down 
 by the pernicious fever for which the Rampa hills are notorious, 
 and only 8 recovered. The two young Palks fell victims to the 
 malady, and their commander's constitution was broken 
 (No. 1.39). Major Madge took part in the siege of Tanjore in 
 1773, but died at Madras shortly afterwards (Nos. 216, 227). 
 
 Robert Palk was eventually successful in obtaining a writer- 
 ship for his nephew Tom Palk. The latter, who had been 
 commissioned Ensign, found a military life to his taste, and he 
 did Avell during the campaign. He hesitated about renouncing 
 
 (1) Tn his original City of Dreadful Night, descriptive of certain aspects of 
 Calcutta, Mr. Kipling has a chapter " Concerning Lucia," which mentions her 
 "stately tomb" in tlie South Park Cemetery. The account of the City of 
 Dreadful yight in Mr. Kipliug'.s collected works relates to Lahore. 
 
XVlll 
 
 " the sword for the quill," but ultimately signed covenants in 
 June, 1769. Tom Palk was placed under Goodlad in the 
 Secretary's office, and endeavoured to supplement his monthly 
 salary of 8 pagodas and 23 fanams by embarking in private trade. 
 His uncle made him an allowance, but he soon became involved 
 in debt. Though Governor Bourchier describes him (No. 78) 
 as " a sedate, sensible youth," his early career hardly justifies 
 the encomium. 
 
 Disgusted at his want of success in the war with Haidar, 
 and conscious of the displeasure of the Directors, Bourchier 
 resolved (No. 78) to retire in January, 1770. Handing over 
 charge to Du Pre on the 31st, he sailed in the Britannia in com- 
 pany with his brother James and Colonel John Call. Bourchier 
 received a better reception from the Court than he anticipated 
 (No. 119). The brothers, w^ho had accumulated a joint fortune 
 of about £60,000 (No. 78), arrived in England in time to see 
 their father Richard Bourchier, sometime Governor of 
 Bombay, just before his death. Fifteen years earlier Orme had 
 characterized Charles Bourchier as "a young man who had 
 strength enough to stand on his own judgment : would not 
 willingly do the wrong thing : but the superiour genius of Mr. 
 Palk had enthralled him so much to the dictates of his under- 
 standing, that the will of the pastor became infallibly that of 
 the disciple." d) 
 
 In supplement to the letters of 1767 to 1769 in Mrs. 
 Bannatyne's collection the following selected documents from 
 the British Museum series of Palk Papers should be read : — 
 
 Add. MSS., 34,685. 
 
 1767, Nov. — Robert Palk to Jimmy [James Bourchier], 
 
 from London. 
 N.D. [cir. 1768, Feb.] Robert Palk to Charles Bourchier, Nicholas 
 
 Morse, and John Call, from London. 
 
 Add. MSS., 34,686. 
 
 1768, Feb. 8th Nicholas Morse to Robert Palk, 
 
 from Fort St. George, Madras. 
 ,, May 11th Charles Bourchier to Robert Palk, 
 
 from Fort St. George, Madras. 
 ,, Aug. 7th John Call to Robert Palk, 
 
 from Camp, near Bangalore. 
 „ Aug. 8th Alexander Wynch to Robert Palk, 
 
 from Fort St. George, Madras. 
 „ Sept. 14th William Aldersey to Robert Palk, 
 
 from Cossimbazar. 
 „ Sept. 21st Harry Verelst to Robert Palk, 
 
 from Fort William, Calcutta. 
 ,, ,, George Dodwell to Robert Palk, 
 
 from Bengal. 
 
 »» 
 
 (1) Orme MSS., vol. 28, Robert Orme to John Payne, 26th Oct., 1755. 
 
JJ 
 
 Mar. 5th 
 
 »J 
 
 Mar. lOtli 
 
 17Gi) 
 
 Mar. 22iid 
 
 1769, 
 
 , June 2(3tli 
 
 XIX 
 
 17(>8, Sq)t. 2;Jr(l ('land Jiusscll to Robert Palk. 
 
 Ironi Calcutta. 
 „ Oct. 22nd Alexander Wynch to Rol)ert Palk, 
 
 i'rom Fort St. (ieorgc, Madras. 
 ,, Nov. ttli C'liokappa Chetti to Robert Palk, 
 
 from Fort St, (ieorge, Madras. 
 „ Nov. 27th Anthony Goodlad to Robert Palk, 
 
 from Fort William, Calcutta. 
 1769, Feb. 19th Charles Bourchier to Robert Palk, 
 
 from Fort St. George, iNIadras. 
 „ Feb. 24th Alexander Wynch, to Robert Palk, 
 
 from Fort St. (ieorge, iNIadras. 
 William Wynch to Robert Palk, 
 
 from Fort St. George, Madras. 
 Charles Bourchier to-Robert Palk, 
 
 from Fort St. George, Madras. 
 P^melia Vansittart, sen., to Robert Palk, 
 
 from Bath. 
 William Wynch to Robert Palk, 
 
 from Fort St. George, Madras. 
 ,, „ Rajah Pant to Robert Palk, 
 
 from Fort St. George, Madras. 
 ,, ,, Chokappa Chetti to Robert Palk, 
 
 from Fort St. George, Madras. 
 ,, ,, John Call to Robert Palk, 
 
 from Madras. 
 ,, June 28th Shamier Sultan to Robert Palk, 
 
 from Fort St. George, Madras. 
 [1769] Oct. 16th Henry Vansittart, sen., to Robert Palk, 
 
 from Madeira. 
 
 Josias Du Pre, who had entered the civil service in 1752, was 
 Secretary during Lally's siege of Fort St. George, of which he 
 was the ofTicial diarist. He visited England in 1761, and 
 returned to Madras in 1768 as Second of Council with succession 
 to Bourchier. His governorship lasted for three uneasy years, 
 during two of Avhich he had the advantage of the co-operation 
 of AVarren Hastings. After a distinguished service of fourteen 
 years in Bengal Hastings had, in 1764', accompanied Henry 
 Vansittart to England, and although he desired re-employment, 
 it was not imtil 1769 that he was appointed to Madras. He 
 arrived at Fort St. George in September, and sat as Third of 
 Council with the duties of Export Warehousekeeper. On 
 Bourchier's departure he became Second Member. He recast 
 the system of * Investment,' and took an active part in the 
 proceedings of the Board of Police. In 1771 Hastings was 
 nominated to succeed John Cartier as GoAcrnor of Bengal, and 
 he sailed for Calcutta in February, 1772. 
 
 Impressed by the magnitude of recent territorial acquisitions 
 in India, and by the Company's assumption of sovereignty over 
 them, the Ministrv in England determined on intervention in 
 
XX 
 
 Indian affairs. The Directors, justly alarmed for their powers, 
 resolved to anticipate reforms, and to this end appointed Henry 
 Vansittart, Luke Scrafton and Colonel Francis Forde as Com- 
 missioners ; a selection which commended itself to Hastings 
 (No. 88), who expected that Vansittart would vdtimately be 
 reappointed Governor of Bengal. The Commissioners sailed 
 from Portsmouth in September, 1769, in the frigate Aurora, 
 left the Cape about the 24'th December, and were never again 
 heard of. The ship is believed to have been wrecked off the 
 north coast of Madagascar. As time passed without news of 
 her, the letters from India from April, 1770, onwards breathe 
 anxiety, and when at last hope was given up, the loss of 
 Vansittart was keenly felt by his father-in-law Nicholas Morse 
 and brother-in-law Robert Palk (Nos. 103, 134). The first step 
 taken by the Ministry in pursuance of their object was the 
 despatch of Sir John Lindsay, a young Admiral of thirty-three, 
 as Naval Commander-in-Chief in India and Plenipotentiary at 
 the Court of Nawab Walajah, with power to treat with other 
 native rulers. Sir John arrived at Madras in July, 1770, and 
 presented his credentials to an astonished Council, who had 
 received no intimation of his powers. He demanded inspection 
 of the consultation books,, which was refused, attached himself 
 to the Nawab, and assumed an authority which the Government 
 declined to recognize (No. 117). Ciencral Eyre Coote came out 
 in the same month as Commander-in-Chief in India. He claimed 
 the right to issue orders to the Madras army without sul)mitting 
 them to Government, and maintained that his position was 
 superior to that of the Governor, who held the Company's 
 commission as Commander-in-Chief at Fort St. George. The 
 Council deciding against Coote, he refused to serve, and left 
 for Europe via Basra (No. 118). Du Pre writes to Palk (No. 108), 
 " The Company abuse us like pick-pockets, send over a military 
 officer to quarrel with and tyrannise over us and throw us into 
 confusion. The Government send Sir John Lindsay to threaten 
 and awe us, to wrest all our actions into crimes, and to support 
 the Nabob (perverse enough before) against all our measures ; 
 and then, if misfortunes happen, we nuist bear the whole. I 
 tell you, my friend, the Company's affairs never were in so 
 dangerous a way. We are surrounded with enemys, and the 
 most dangerous are neither Hyder, the Morattas, the Soubah 
 or the French." Hastings remarks (No. Ill) that " General 
 Coote is returning to England in disgust because we will not 
 acknowledge his supremacy. Sir J. L. stays because (as I 
 suppose) his Excellency [the Nawab] acknowledges his sup- 
 remacy. Appeals will be made by both to their respective 
 constituents, and all the powers of the Company and of the 
 Crown called upon to punish us for disobedience, contumacy 
 and rebellion." Goodlad considers the situation critical (No. 
 118) ; the Nawab thwarting the Council, " a Government spy 
 })icking holes in their coat on every occasion, and the 
 
XXI 
 
 Conimaiider of the army bellowing out \eiigcance because he 
 cannot be supreme." 
 
 In January, 1770, Haidar Ali was again attacked by the 
 Peshwa IMadhu Kao. Hastings thinks (No. 88) that if a com- 
 promise is effected between them, they may eoml)ine to invade 
 the Carnatic. The Marathas demanded liritish aid, and Haidar 
 claimed it under the treaty of 1769 (No. 91) ; but Du Pre, while 
 amusing both parties with expectations, resolved to maintain 
 neutrality (Nos. 94, 96). The Secretaries, Stone and Goodlad, 
 doubtless reflecting the views of the Council, contend (Nos. 117, 
 118) that if the British arc compelled to intervene, they ought 
 to help Haidar, as he constitutes a barrier against Maratha 
 aggression in Southern India. In May, 1770, Madhu Rao 
 returned to Poona sick, leaving Trimbak Rao in command of 
 the army in Mysore. Haidar sustained a severe reverse near 
 Seringapatam in the following March and narrowly escaped 
 capture. Nawab ^Valajah, supported b}' the Plenipotentiary, 
 lU'ged alliance with the Peshwa. Du Pre, however, remained 
 firm in his neutrality (Nos. 155, 157). When the Marathas 
 actually crossed the Carnatic border the Governor prepared for 
 resistance ; but the Nawab inter^•ened, and by a small payment 
 induced them to withdraw (No. 159). Stone says (No. 163) 
 that Walajah and the Marathas were secretly acting in collusion, 
 and that the latter had promised the Baramahal and Seringa- 
 patam to the former if Haidar were overthrown with British 
 help. In June, 1772, a treaty was concluded between Haidar 
 and the Peshwa by which the Marathas received 60 lakhs of 
 rupees*!' (No. 175), and obtained a cession of territory including 
 Sira and Kolar. The Nawab's frontiers then became conter- 
 minous with the Maratha dominions along the line of the passes 
 into the Carnatic, 
 
 Colonel John Wood was tried by court-martial towards the 
 end of 1769 on various charges relating to misappropriation 
 of stores captured in Coimbatore, and to his conduct in the 
 field during the war with Haidar. The court acquitted him 
 of all the charges, but the Government set aside the finding as 
 being contrary to the evidence, and dismissed Wood from the 
 service. Hastings, writing to Palk (No. 88), expresses the hope 
 that the Directors will approve the action of Government, and 
 that Laurence Sulivan, who is a relation of W^ood, will give 
 personal attention to the \'oluminous proceedings in the case. 
 Goodlad quotes reasons (No. 91) for the dismissal, and regrets 
 that they were not made public. Ultimately the Directors 
 upheld the finding of the court-martial, and Wood's acquittal 
 was conftrmed (Nos. 140, 153). 
 
 Laurence Sulivan, an intimate friend of Robert Palk, jjlayed 
 for thirty years a prominent part in the affairs and management 
 of the East India Company. Entering the Bombay civil 
 service as Factor in 1741, he returned to England on account of 
 
 (1) ^\■ilk-> (Hintory of Mysoor) says 35 lakhs. 
 
XXll 
 
 ill-health in 1752. Three years later he was elected a Director, 
 and between that time and his death in 1786 he repeatedly 
 served as either Chairman or Deputy Chairman. Whenever 
 the rules required his withdrawal from the Direction he knew 
 no rest until he had secured re-election. The qualification for a 
 vote was the possession of oOOl. of India stock. The proprietor 
 of a larger amount could increase his voting power only bv 
 splitting his holding into blocks of 500/. stock, and assigning 
 them to friends on condition of their voting to his order. Such 
 votes were termed " split votes." Sulivan, being out of the 
 Direction in 1767, requested Palk, who had just returned to 
 England, to ask his friends (No. 41) for votes in Sulivan's favour. 
 The effort was unsuccessful, and in the following vear Sulivan 
 combined with Henry Vansittart to purchase India stock 
 (No. 97). Both were chosen for the Direction in 1769 ; but 
 owing to a heavy fall in the value of the stock they found them- 
 selves financially embarrassed. Vansittart hoped to restore 
 his fortunes by proceeding once more to India as one of the 
 three Commissioners. His death by the wreck of the Aurora 
 revealed the extent of his losses (No. 103), but even before these 
 were known, Sulivan had been compelled to ask for Palk's good 
 offices with the creditors. In 1772 Sulivan discloses (Nos. 
 169, 170, 171) his ruined condition, states his liabilities to 
 Vansittart's estate and to Palk, and resolves to return, if possible, 
 to India. Expectations that he would be selected to succeed 
 Du Pre at Fort St. George were disappointed. Sulivan, who 
 had previously been M.P. for Taunton, sat for Ashburton from 
 1768 until 1774, when he withdrew (Nos. 242, 246) in favour 
 of Palk. In 1774 he suggests that Palk should join with others 
 in taking up a mortgage on Sir George Colebrooke's estates in 
 Grenada (No. 243). Palk declines (No. 244), giving reasons 
 wdiich reflect on Colebrooke's previous transactions with him. 
 In the following year Sulivan is still canvassing for votes for 
 the Direction (No. 248). 
 
 Stephen Sulivan, the impecunious son of an impecunious 
 father, applies to Palk (No. 189) about 1772 for a loan of 500/., 
 but is too proud to give a reason for his request. The object 
 may have been aid for his father, for the latter writes (No. 169) 
 in the same year : — " We live now principally upon my son's 
 income, the good youth hardly allowing himselC 100/. a year." 
 In 1774, however, Stephen Sulivan asks Palk (Nos. 238, 239, 
 240) for 200/. or 300/. on the ground that his father is not able 
 to supply him with what is necessar\' for his support. He fears 
 that he may yet be compelled to seek l"ortune in India. Four 
 vears later he entered the civil service as Secretarv at Madras 
 (No. 339), whence he was transferred by Hastings to Bengal. 
 
 To rctvu'n to the correspondence of 1770 : — In the Northern 
 Presidency Governor Harry Verelst had given place to John 
 Cartier (No. 84). Kfisim Ali Khan, the deposed Nawab of 
 Bengal, assumed a threatening attitude early in 1770, and 
 
xxm 
 
 SliLija-ud-daula, Nuwab Vizier ol Uudli, was expected to join 
 him (No. 92). Revenue Councils were established at Murshid- 
 abad and Patna Cor Bengal and Riliar respectively, George 
 Vansittart and Robert Palk, jun., being appointed to the latter 
 (Xo. 100). From Sej)tend>er the letters J'rom India make frequent 
 illusion to the terrible j'ann'ne raging in those proxinces. Robert 
 Palk, jun., says (No. H)l) that many hundreds oi' thousands had 
 died of starvation, while (ioodlad eonununicates the intclligenee 
 (No. 118) that the loss of life was estimated at upwards ol" two 
 millions, and that in Calcutta itself " the dead Avere still lavinjr 
 in heaps about the streets." In March, 1771, Kasim Ali was 
 reported to be north of Delhi with a I'orce of Patans and Rohillas, 
 prepared to join the Marathas, who imder Mahadaji Sindia 
 had lately occupied the capital (No. 133). Six months later 
 the Emperor Shah Alam abandoned the I^ritish for the Marathas, 
 and received Delhi from the latter (No. l-l'2). Under their tute- 
 lage he gained a victory ^over the Rohillas in February, 1772. 
 The Vizier, who was hostile to the Marathas, was on the Rohilla 
 frontier, and a British brigade from Patna was readv to support 
 him (No. 168). 
 
 A letter from Captain James Rennell, the Surveyor General 
 (No. 145), describes that ohicer's progress on the survey of Bengal. 
 Rennell entered the Navy in 1756 at the age of fourteen, and the 
 Company's service in 1763, when he was employed in trans- 
 })orting troops by sea from Madras to Tondi for the siege of 
 Madura. On that occasion he surveyed Palk Strait, so named 
 after the (Governor, and in the following year he was appointed 
 Surveyor Cieneral and connnissioned in the Bengal FiUginecrs. 
 He became Captain in 1767 and Major in 1775. His first map 
 of Bengal was carried home by Clive in 1767. In November, 
 1771, Captain Rennell announces that the field work of his 
 (Tcneral Survey of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa, including marine 
 work on the coasts and islands of the Bay, is almost complete. 
 He expects that his map, in about 50 folio sheets, will be ready 
 early in 1773. The Bengal Atlas w^as actually published in 1779. 
 A brief note of 1776 from Major Rennell (No. 266) relates to 
 domestic events and conditions. 
 
 Turning again to the Southern Presidency, we learn that early 
 in 1771 the Raja of Tanjore, influenced by the Marathas, of 
 whose race he was, attacked the Marawar of Ranmad and pene- 
 trated to his capital. The Marawar owed allegiance to the 
 Nawab, and both Walajah and Sir John Lindsay urged reprisals 
 on Tanjore. Goodlad says (Nos. 133, 140) that, though by the 
 treaty of 1762 with the Raja the Company was bound to support 
 the NaM-ab, yet the moment was unsuitable for taking action. 
 There was risk of a Maratha invasion of the Carnatic, and 
 moreover Fazil Beg Khan, the Nizam's bakhshi, was threatening 
 the Circars. The Nawab, the Plenipotentiary, the Raja, the 
 the Marathas and Fazil Beg were all sources of uneasiness to the 
 Madras Ciovermnent. '" Du Pre, though indefatigable, is almost 
 
XXIV 
 
 harassed to death ; Hastings knows not which way to turn 
 himself, and the Secretaries have not a moment that they dare 
 call their own." Fortified, however, by the opinion of the 
 Directors that the Raja ought to contribute to the cost of the 
 late war, the Council eventually supported the Nawab in his 
 demands, and provided an auxiliary force under General Joseph 
 Smith, which was to act under Walajah's orders (No. 1 i2). The 
 fort of Vallam was reduced in September, 1771, and siege was 
 laid to Tanjorc. By the end of October a practicable breach 
 had been made, but on the eve of assault Walajah accepted 
 peace on payment by the Raja of an indemnity and arrears of 
 tribute (Nos. 155, 157). The Nawab's motives for granting 
 such moderate terms were obscure. Goodlad attributes them 
 (No. 159) to fear of the Marathas and jealousy of the Company. 
 
 The presence of the King's Plenipotentiary had the worst 
 effect on the Nawab. Walajah neglected the Company, to 
 whom he owed his position as ruler of the Carnatic, and relied 
 solely on the Crown. Proud and ambitious, he hoped to attain 
 independence (No. 118). Lindsay, after a year of strained 
 relations with Du Pre, sailed in July, 1771, and was succeeded 
 in September l>y Admiral Sir Robert Harland, who possessed 
 the same powers as his predecessor (No. 142). Stone writes 
 (No. 163) that Harland's instructions are to give effect to the 
 Treaty of Paris of 1763, and to receive and transmit complaints 
 from the Nawab. By a strained construction of Article 11 of the 
 treaty the Nawab is deemed an ally of the Crown, and as such 
 is entitled to the King's support and protection. Stone points 
 out that Walajah's undoubted subordination to both the Mogul 
 and his deputy the Nizam are thus ignored. When Du Pre 
 refused to join the Marathas against Haidar Harland threatened 
 to engage the Crown in an alliance with the Peshwa, and enquired 
 whether the Company would in that case assist with troops. 
 Being met with an uncompromising negati\'e, he altered his 
 tone — the result, as was surmised, of orders from the Ministry 
 (No. 165). Goodlad writes (No. 167) that no confidence sub- 
 sists between the Nawab and the Council, and tliat conditions 
 are hopeless as long as a Minister of the Crt)wn is retained. 
 The Nawab, he says, has sent home many complaints. " Is it 
 possible to live on terms with a man who is known to endeavour 
 all in his power to thus stab in the dark ? " Harland sailed with 
 the squadron for Bombay in October, 1772, omitting to take 
 leave of the (Governor, and conse(juently receiving no salute 
 (No. 183). He finally left India in July, 1774. 
 
 The Nawab's indebtedness to both the Company and private 
 creditors is a. frequent topic of the letters from Fort St. George. 
 In 1767 the private debt, which appears to have amounted to 
 about 23 lakhs of pagodas, was consolidated (No. 28). The 
 majority of the Europeans in the Madras Presidency, from 
 members of the (io\ernment downwards, were creditors, as 
 well as many persons in Bengal ; but the senior officials 
 
XXV 
 
 voluntarily renounced priority t)l' claim in favour of the Company. 
 Governor Bourchier remarks in 1769 (No. 78) that Walajah 
 then owed the Company Pags. 27 lakhs, more than half of 
 which was for war expenditure ; but he had engaged to clear off 
 25 lakhs by the middle of 1771 (No. 85). The interests of the 
 pri\'ate creditors were represented in England l)y a Conmiittce, 
 of which (ieneral Richard Smith was the leading meml)er 
 (No. 91). A striking instance of usurious interest is cited by 
 Goodlad (No. 118), but the ordinary rate before consolidation 
 appears to have been 20 per cent. (No. 22), which was afterwards 
 reduced to 10 per cent. The Select Conmiittce decided that 
 the Company's claims shoidd have priority, and in 1771 Goodlad 
 states (No. 140) that the Nawab's public dues having ])een 
 discharged, the private creditors may shortly expect a dividend. 
 Walajah however was recklessly extravagant, and it was not 
 long before he Avas again overwhelmed with debt. 
 
 News from home is comnumicatcd by Robert Palk, who 
 announces in December, 1770 (No. 119) that England is pre- 
 paring for war with Spain, though there is hope that hostilities 
 may yet be averted. He characterizes the idea of conquering 
 Mysore as a " wild plan," and regrets that Bourchier lent himsell' 
 to it. In the following year Falk writes (No. 134) that Hastings 
 lias been proposed as (lovernor of Bengal, but Rumbold is a 
 powerful rival. In 1772 he intimates (Nos. 153, 166) that, while 
 the Ministry do not aim at displacing the Company, they desire 
 to see affairs in India better managed, and will move Parliament 
 to regulate them. Informations regarding alleged frauds 
 have been laid by the brothers Johnstone against Clive and 
 others. Clive spoke for two hours in the House of Commons 
 in vindication of his conduct, and he was followed by Rumbold, 
 Carnac and Coote, the last of whom animadverted on the exces- 
 sive cost of the army in India. Palk considers that the Directors 
 base their actions on motives of self-interest, and asserts that 
 they are " all such ignoramus's that they understand little or 
 nothing of the affairs abroad," He mentions that Laurence 
 Sulivan is a candidate for the Governorship of Madras in 
 succession to Du Pre. 
 
 Warren Hastings sailed from Madras on the 2iid February, 
 1772, carrying with him John Stewart (or Stuart), who had just 
 arrived from England as Secretary to the Bengal Government. 
 Hastings succeeded Carticr on the 13th April. In September 
 he writes (No. 174) to Laurence Sulivan from Cossimbazar, 
 enumerating his first reforms ; the appointments made to the 
 household of the minor Nawab of Bengal, and the reduction of 
 that prince's stipend ; the employment of Nandkumar to break 
 the power of Muhammad Raza Khan, who as Naib Diwan had 
 virtually ruled Bengal for seven years ; the commencement 
 of a revenue settlement ; the formation of a plan for the better 
 administration of justice, and the adoption of Calcutta as the 
 seat of the Diwani and the capital of the province. " The 
 
XXVI 
 
 principles of all our measures have been to establish the new 
 system which the Directors have adopted ; to break the 
 influence of the former Administration ; to avail ourselves of 
 the present minority^^' to establish the line of the Company's 
 power, and habituate the people and the Nabob to their sove- 
 reignty, and to make it acceptable to the former by an attention 
 to their ease and by a mild and equal plan of Government." 
 Hastings complains, however, that his constitutional powers 
 as President are too circumscribed He hopes to avoid being 
 drawn into war. The Nawab Mzicr of Oudh has sought 
 British aid against the Marathas, but it will be afforded for his 
 defence only, not for aggression. The Marathas have with- 
 drawn from Rohilkhand, and are operating against the Jats. 
 The Emperor Shah Alam is at Delhi " in union, that is, in 
 subjection to the Marrattas." 
 
 Two months later Hastings writes to Palk (No. 185), expressing 
 regret that the Directors should pay any attention to the scur- 
 rilous writings of William Bolts and Alexander Dow regarding 
 Bengal administration, and that Parliament should contemplate 
 making laws for India, seeing that the House is ignorant of the 
 customs of the country. He mentions the arrest of Muhanuiiad 
 Raza Khan, whose influence he hopes to eradicate. Muhanmiad 
 Raza had been seized in August and taken to Calcutta. He and 
 Shatilb Rai, Naib DiAvan of Bihar, were suspected of malver- 
 sation of the revenue. Both were in due course honom-ably 
 acquitted, but the Company having assumed the Diwani, their 
 offices were abolished. 
 
 Among the Palk papers is also a detailed memorandum 
 (No. 190) of the reforms introduced by Hastings during 1772. 
 
 Colonel (iilbcrt Ironside, Avho as a subaltern had commanded 
 the escort on the occasion of Hastings's mission to Patna in 
 17C2, is another of Palk's Bengal correspondents. Descended 
 I'roni two Bisliops of Bristol of the same name, and son of a banker, 
 Ironside was a soldier of education and ability who obtained 
 rapid promotion. Palk had asked him (No. 135) to procure a 
 copy of the Code ajMiiInoiunadaii Laic, perha])s for the use of 
 the home authorities, who })r()posed to frame a code for India. 
 From the library of Nawab Muhammad Razfi Khan Ironside 
 secured (No. KJS) the Di<j,esfs of flic Arabian Canon and Civil 
 Larvs, which he caused to be transcribed and sent to Palk (No. 
 18G). lie expresses appreciation of Hastings's reforius, and 
 says tiiat the Governor is surmounting all dilliculties. Mrs. 
 Ironside joined her husband from England in 1773, and the 
 Colonel notes (No. 220) .the restoration of Robert Palk, jun., 
 to his seat on the Board of Reveiuie at Patna, " which is looked 
 upon to be a certain and considerable fortune in the space of a 
 few years." The younger Robert is not himself so sanguine. 
 He alludes (No. 227) to Hastings's large economies, and says 
 hat the opium trade hitherto in the hands of the civil servants 
 
 'D The niiiKirity ol' tlio Nawab of Bengal. 
 
XXVI 1 
 
 at Patna liavinp- been claimed for the Company, nothing now 
 remains to the service but salt and Enro})ean goods. He hopes 
 nevertheless to be able to return to England by 1780. 
 
 Henry \'ansittart, jun., eldest son ol' (iovernor Vansittart, 
 sailed from England in 1771 as a Writer on the l^engal establish- 
 ment. He gi\es an aecoimt of his voyage (Xos. 138, 1 H, 147, 
 152) to his uncle Robert Palk. Within a month of his arri\al 
 at Calcutta he left I'or Madras to \ isit his grant! father Nicholas 
 Morse (No. 162), the voyage occupying 25 days. Morse's death 
 on the 28th May, 1772, the result of an accident, cut short 
 Vansittart's stay. Chokappa Chetti says (No. 179) that Morse 
 was '" a father and friend to all the people in Madras." Return- 
 ing to Bengal, young Vansittart went to Patna to \'isit his uncle 
 George (No. 172), and it was not until March, 1773, that he 
 began work as a Writer (No. 202). During the interval, however, 
 he became so proficient in Persian that he earned Hastings's 
 commendation (No. 210) for translating at sight a Ilistorii of the 
 Sanijasis. These wandering })ands of robbers, posing as religious 
 mendicants, roved northern India in hordes of several thousands, 
 committing grievous depredations. In March, 1773, no less 
 than five l^attalions of sepoys were operating against them. 
 
 In the course of 1773 P^melia, daughter of (iovcrnor Vansittart, 
 arrived from England to stay with her inicle (icorge, who had 
 now become a member of the Bengal Council. Robert Palk, 
 jun., writes (No. 220) that, owing to her early introduction into 
 societ}^ in England, she regards us in Calcutta as " contemptible 
 beings ; " nevertheless, '* she is upon the whole a very worthy 
 good young woman." In January, 1774, he infc)rms his uncle 
 (No. 227) that ]\Ir. Petre has been tried for the murder of Mr. 
 Rochford and acquitted. No mention of the trial has been 
 traced in the records, but the fatality was probably the outcome 
 of a duel between two young writers, John Petre and (Jcorge 
 Rochford. Petre offered himself to Emelia Vansittart, who, 
 fortified by her imele George's disapproval, refused him. A 
 little later she became the wife of Pklward Parry'') of the Bengal 
 civil service, and the union proved a happy one (No. 252). 
 
 Tom Palk, who had visited Triehinopoly with General Joseph 
 Smith in 1771, sends an account (No. 158) of the disastrous 
 powder explosion which occurred at that station on the 14th 
 February, 1772. He complains that, excepting Mr. Morse, 
 none of his uncle's friends has shf)wn him any attention. Later 
 in the year he sailed for Calcutta to visit his half-brother Robert 
 (No. 184). In January, 1773, he writes (No. 101) that he is 
 much enjoying himself " as this happens to be the season for 
 all sorts of diversions, of which we ha\c little or none on the 
 Coast." Always inclined to rely on interest rather than on his 
 own exertions, he is soon grumbling that his brother, who 
 spends 4,000/. to 5,000/. a year, does not do more to help him. 
 
 (1) Brit. Mus., Addl. MSS.. 31,680, George Vansittart to Robert Palk, 27th 
 March, 1771, 
 
XXVlll 
 
 While still at Calcutta Tom Palk was appointed to Masiilipatam 
 (No. 207), and Major Madge offered to unite with Robert Palk, 
 jun., in advancing a substantial sum to enable the young man 
 to embark on private trade. In January, 1774, the younger 
 Robert writes to his uncle (No. 227), " My brother is at Masuli- 
 patam, and much pains I have taken to correct his errors and 
 advise him to the best of my judgement ; but whether it will be 
 of service to him or not I can't determine. I have said and 
 done all in my power, and added 4,000 Rs. within these few 
 days to 12,000 which he has already had and, I fear, spent. 
 I have little expectation of seeing my money again. It will, 
 however, be some satisfaction to me if it saves him from ruin . . . 
 He is yet young enough to reform." Before this letter reached 
 its destination Governor Palk had administered a severe casti- 
 gation (No. 224) to the idle and extravagant young man. " I 
 cannot observe," he says,- " in your letters or your conduct 
 one generous sentiment which can give me a prospect of your 
 future success and well doing." He alludes to his honest and 
 worthy though not opulent ancestors, and states that the allow- 
 ance he made to his nephew was ample had the latter chosen to 
 live in the Fort. It may hence be concluded that the young 
 Writer had indulged himself with a residence in the Wliite Town 
 in preference to the stuffy quarters in the Fort Square, for he 
 could scarcely aspire to a country house in the suburbs of 
 Madras. This letter produced a suspension of communication 
 between uncle and nephew which appears to have lasted several 
 years. Eventually a reconciliation was effected. Marriage 
 wrought reform, and Tom Palk saved money, brought up a 
 family and retired on a competence. 
 
 At the instance of Nawab Walajah an expedition commanded 
 by General Joseph Smith was organized in 1772 against the two 
 Marawars. At Ranmad great treasure was seized (Nos. 175, 
 176). Kalaiyarkoil, a scene of lamentable slaughter through 
 miscarriage of orders, was captured by Colonel Abraham 
 Bonjour. The troops were subsequently employed in reducing 
 the poligars of Madura and Tinncvelly. In August General 
 Smith resigned the connnand of the army to Colonel Sir Robert 
 Fletcher (No. 179). Fletcher had originally been entertained 
 locally in 1757 as a monthly Writer at Madras, but was trans- 
 ferred to the army, in which his promotion was rapid. He 
 served as Brigade Major in the Manila expedition of 1762, and 
 was subsequently moved to Bengal. • In 1766, when Lieut. 
 Colonel conunaiiding a brigade, he joined the mutinous com- 
 bination of oHicers which was suppressed by Clive. Tried and 
 cashiered, he returned to England and entered Parliament. 
 His influence enabled him to ])r()cure reinstatement, and he 
 arrived at Madras in 1772 with the rank of Colonel. Tom Palk 
 writes (No. 191), '' My beloved friend. General Smith " goes 
 home, and " the command of the troops has devolved on Sir 
 Robert Fletcher, who is universally despised, the court martial 
 
XXIX 
 
 business liaving laid a stain on liis principles that will never l)e 
 forgot or washed out. Conse(piently I have not the least 
 intimacy with him." Fletcher proved a thorn in Du Pre's 
 flesh. His obstrnctiveness in Council became so exasperating 
 that he was ordered to Triehinopoly (No. 196). He claimed to 
 resume his seat in Parliament, and his return to P^ngland was 
 sanctioned, provided he first joined his new station. Passing 
 through Cuddalore on his way south, he induced the Chief, 
 James Daniell, to represent his cause (No. 193) to Robert Palk, 
 and secure the latter's interest with the Directors, On Fletcher's 
 relief from command Joseph Smith consented to postpone his 
 own departure and resume duty in place of " the Chevalier " 
 (No. 198). 
 
 In October, 1772, Du Pre intimated to Palk (No. 182) his 
 intention of resigning in the following January, as his " con- 
 stitution is quite worn out." The rest of his stay was embittered 
 by disputes in Council, and at the final meeting before he sailed 
 George Mackay w^as suspended for maliciously laying an infor- 
 mation against Edward Stracey (No. 196). Du Pre embarked 
 on the 1st February, 1773, in the Nassmi, leaving Alexander 
 Wynch in the Chair. Three months earlier J. M. Stone, who 
 had been promoted to Council, had written to Palk (No. 181) 
 suggesting that Wynch's Government would be strengthened 
 if W. M. Goodlad also were admitted. Before Stone's letter 
 reached its destination, Goodlad w^as dead. Attacked by 
 hepatic disease, he was operated on by Dr. Gilbert Pasley and 
 advised to go to Europe. A relapse occurred, however, and 
 Goodlad expired of septicaemia on the 24th January, universally 
 lamented. Tom Palk opines (No. 201) that Goodlad's fortune 
 will prove to be limited, as " he was a great lover of claret and 
 every thing that was good." William Petrie, who succeeded 
 Stone as Secretary in the Military and Political Department, 
 informs Palk (No. 196) that (ioodlad's affairs are involved owing 
 to his association in private trade with James Johnson, account- 
 ant to the Nawab. Until his death Goodlad was one of Palk's 
 most frequent correspondents. His two brothers, Anthony and 
 Richard, the latter of wdiom had recently arrived in India, were 
 Bengal civil servants, and the elder henceforth assumed the 
 duty of maintaining communication with their friend and patron 
 (No. 203). He reports in due course (No. 215) that Petrie has 
 done \vc\\ in the settlement of IVIartin's affairs, and that there 
 will probably be enough money to discharge the liabilities. 
 This expectation proved too sanguine. Thirteen years later 
 it was estimated (No. 469) that while the bond creditors would 
 be paid in fidl, the bo(jk creditors would receive only 60 per cent, 
 of their dues. 
 
 The Resident in Ganjam, Edward Cotsford, furnishes a sketch 
 (No. 183) of affairs in his district from the time of Palk's depar- 
 ture down to 1772. Cotsford entered the Madras Engineers in 
 1758, and served in the Manila expedition and at the two sieges 
 
XXX 
 
 of Madura. In 1766 he was selected by Palk to be Resident in 
 the newly acquired territory of Ganjam, and three years later 
 he relinquished the military for the civil service. In March, 
 1767, during Captain Cotsford's temporary absence, Narayan 
 Deo, Zemindar of Kimedi, seized part of the Chicacole Circar. 
 Colonel Joseph Peach, commanding the Bengal force sent to 
 threaten Hyderabad during the first Mysore wai-, was emploved 
 against this turbulent chief, who was defeated and driven out 
 of the country. Cotsford returned to Ganjam early in 1768, 
 accompanied by a detachment of troops. He states that the 
 Zemindars have now (1772) been brought to some degree of 
 order at the cost of 450 casualties to his own force of 16 com- 
 panies. A fort is in course of construction, and the net revenue 
 of the district is IJ lakhs of rupees. Most of the Zemindars 
 are under the authority of a powerful chief named Sitaram Raz ; 
 but this system, though necessary at one time, is now undesirable, 
 as each zemindar ought to be directly responsible to the Resident, 
 A year later Cotsford anticipates (No. 217) that Ganjam will 
 become the granary of Madras. 
 
 Alexander Wynch, who became provisional Governor on 
 Du Pre's departure, had had long experience of the Company's 
 service. Entertained locally in 1784, he was brought on tiie 
 civil list in 1740. He was a member of Pigot's Council from 
 1755, and was officiating as Deputy Governor of Fort St. David 
 when that place capitulated to Lally in 1758. He subsequently 
 resigned the service and sailed for England. In 1768 he was 
 re-employed, and served as Chief at Masulipatam. The prin- 
 cipal event of his governorship, which lasted from February, 
 1773, until the arrival of Lord Pigot in December, 1775, was 
 the conquest of the province of Tanjore, an operation which had 
 far-reaching consequences. Walajah's pretext for attack was 
 the non-payment of tribute by the Raja. The (iovcrnment, 
 supported l)y Harland, sent a contingent under General Josepli 
 Smith to assist the Nawab. Rritisli and Carnatic troops laid 
 siege to the fort and city of Tanjore in August, 1773, and the 
 place was taken on the 17th September. It was made over to 
 .the Nawab, who imprisf)ncd the Raja and occupied the province. 
 The fort of Vallam, a few miles from the capital, was garrisoned 
 by the Company's troops. Before his deposition the Raja 
 had granted the sea port of Nagore to the Dutch, and Walajah 
 claimed British help in recovering it. Edward Cotsford states 
 (No. 217) that the Dutcli evacuated the territory under protest, 
 but collected troops from Ceylon and assumed a threatening 
 attitude. He connnents on the rej)rehen.sible system adopted 
 at Tanjore by the Nawal) of bargaining with a conmiittec of 
 British officers for money to be paid them in lieu of plunder, 
 and considers that the plan strikes at the root of discij)line. 
 Tiiere are rumours, he says, that the officers may refuse to light 
 the Dutch on the groimd that such service is not covered by 
 their agreement with the Nawab. 
 
XXXI 
 
 Towards the cud ol" 1773 Hastings mentions (No. 223) his 
 negotiations with the Nawab Vizier, which terminated in the 
 Treaty of Benares. ]?y tliis instrimient the districts of Kora and 
 Allahabad, which Clivc had assigned in 1765 to the titular 
 Emperor, were, in consequence of Shah Alam's rupture with 
 the British and attachment to the Marathas, taken back and 
 ceded to the Vizier. Shuja-ud-daula agreed to pay 50 lakhs 
 of rupees into Hastings's exhausted treasury, while the Company 
 engaged to furnish him with military aid against the Rohillas. 
 Anthony Goodlad alludes (No. 215) to the treaty, and refers 
 Palk for details to George Vansittart, who was with Hastings 
 at the time of its execution. Goodlad says that the differences 
 in England between the Ministry and the Directors arouse 
 anxiety in India, and considers that Hastings deserves more 
 ample support in his reforms. Robert Palk, jun., writes in 
 January, 1774 (No. 227) that the Vizier has already paid 20 
 lakhs of the stipulated sum. He enumerates Hastings's new 
 revenue regulations, whereby Provincial Councils replace Col- 
 lectors, and Re\cnuc Courts are established. Members of the 
 Councils arc forbidden to engage in private trade, but are 
 granted a substantial allowance in lieu. Military officers are 
 prohibited from dealing with landholders or revenue officials. 
 He reports that General Sir Robert Barker, who had exercised 
 great influence over the Nawab Vizier, has left India, and that 
 the army command has devolved on General Chapman, an 
 elderl}^ officer whose chief aim is to recoup his gambling losses. 
 It is expected that Chapman will be bought out of the service 
 by his juniors, and that Cieneral Alexander Champion will 
 succeed him. 
 
 In February the same correspondent reports (Nos. 233, 234) 
 that the Jats have yielded Agra to the combined forces of the 
 Emperor, under Najaf Khan, and the Nawab Vizier. Hastings's 
 stipulation that the British troops within the confines of Oudh 
 shall be paid by Shuja-ud-daula is said to have been unfavourably 
 criticized : it is called " hiring the troops to the country powers." 
 Economies are being effected in all directions. A post is about 
 to be established for the whole country, a charge of two annas 
 per hundred miles being fixed for each letter of minimum 
 weight. This plan will save the Company two lakhs of rupees 
 annually, the cost of the existing daks. Some two years later 
 the advantages of the Suez route for mails to and from England 
 become apparent. John d 'Fries reports from Madras in 1776 
 (No. 299) that private letters for FTastings of the 20th May 
 from London and 3rd June from Marseilles were delivered in 
 Calcutta on the 15th August. He advocates the appointment 
 of a Company's agent at Cairo to forward communications to 
 Suez, where a small vessel from Bombay or Bengal should be 
 always kept in readiness for the passage to India. In his view 
 a quarterly service might thus be maintained at small cost.^ 
 
 Among Robert Palk's native correspondents at Fort St. 
 
 ci 
 
XXXll 
 
 George are Chokappa Chetti and Muttvikrishna Mudali. The 
 former, a Company's Merchant of long standing, was thrown out 
 of employ by the change in the system of Investment which 
 Hastings introduced when Export Warehousekeeper. Under 
 his plan gomastas in the weaving villages replaced the Company's 
 Merchants. Chokappa continued, however, to hold the contract 
 for the exclusive supply of arrack and toddy (Nos. 194, 204). 
 Muttukrishna, who had held the office of Company's Interpreter 
 from 1749, attended Palk and Vansittart on their mission 
 to Sadras in 1754, and detected the forgery which Dupleix 
 attempted to impose on the Commissioners. Chokappa 
 frequently gives news of French proceedings. In 1773 and 
 1774 he reports (Nos. 219, 230) activity on the fortifications, 
 and states that Jean Law as Governor and Commander-in- 
 Chief, aided by a Supervisor sent from France, rules Pondi- 
 cherry for the King independently of a Council. 
 
 On the 18th November, 1772, died the Peshwa Madhu Rao. 
 He was succeeded by his brother Narayan Rao, whose uncle 
 Raghunath Rao, commonly called Raghoba, became commander 
 of the army (No. 194). The new Peshwa was murdered in the 
 following August at the instigation of Raghoba, who aimed at 
 the government. The Ministers, however, supported an infant 
 said to be a posthumous son of Narayan. The dissensions 
 which ensued gave Haidar an opportunity of recovering lost 
 territory. In November, 1773, he reduced Malabar, while Tipu 
 secured the northern districts around Sira. Chokappa writes 
 in February, 1774 (No. 230) that Raghoba, after threatening 
 Hyderabad with a large force, had settled with the Nizam, and 
 is now engaged in making terms with Haidar at Sira. It is 
 expected that the Marathas will invade the Carnatic in order to 
 compel the restoration of Tanjore to the Raja, reclaim the 
 Marawa country and Arni for themselves, and obtain from the 
 Nawab arrears of chaut. Muttukrishna Mudali writes to the 
 same effect (No. 232), and adds that Walajah is already nego- 
 tiating with Raghoba, while alarm prevails in the Carnatic. 
 Fears subsided as soon as it became known that the prospect 
 of civil war had compelled the withdrawal of Raghoba's troops 
 (No. 235). The Raja of Tanjore, still a prisoner, then lost all 
 hope of liberation. 
 
 In 1773 the Regulating Act was passed by the Home Govern- 
 ment. Under this Act Hastings became Governor General in 
 Council with certain controlling powers over Madras and 
 Bombay. His Council was reduced to four members, three of 
 whom. General Sir John Clavering, Colonel the Hon. George 
 Monson, and Philip Francis, were sent out from England, 
 while the fourth, Richard Barwell, was a member of the old 
 Council. Robert Palk, writing to Walajah about March, 1774, 
 ^(No. 237), informs him that the three new members, who are 
 on the point of sailing, will visit the Nawab at Madras on their 
 way. Palk conveys a message from General Lawrence, whose 
 
XXXlll 
 
 health is faiHng, and adds, " I still endeavour to keep up his 
 spirits and make his life comfortable as formerly, and we often 
 recount the many happy days we have passed with your High- 
 ness in the field, in garrison and at the Mount." The Regulating 
 Act also constituted a Supreme Court of Judicature to administer 
 English law ^t Fort William, with Sir Elijah Impey as Chief 
 Justice. Clavering, Monson and Francis were escorted up the 
 Hugh by Sir Edward Hughes, commanding the East India 
 squadron (No. 284), and they landed at Calcutta on the 19th 
 October, 1774. They at once adopted an attitude of hostility to 
 Hastings, who could rely for support on Barwell only. As the 
 Act gave the Governor General no power to outvote his Council, 
 Hastings was constantly thwarted, and the Government 
 measures adopted down to the time of Monson's death in 
 1777 may generally be attributed to the triune majority. They 
 denounced the Treaties of Allahabad and Benares, and dis- 
 approved of the Rohilla war, which, undertaken to support the 
 Vizier against the Marathas, terminated in 1774. In January, 
 1775, Shuja-ud-daula died and was succeeded by his son Asaf- 
 ud-daula, who was required to cede to the Company his 
 sovereign rights over the territory of Benares. 
 
 Public knowledge of the dissensions in the Council induced the 
 production of charges against Hastings. Maharaja Nandkumar 
 accused him of fraud, and Joseph and Francis Fowke of 
 corruption. Hastings prosecuted his accusers for conspiracy, but 
 Avhile proceedings were pending Nandkumar was arrested on a 
 charge of forgery at the instance of a private person, and was 
 tried and executed. A side-light is thrown on the situation 
 in Council by a letter from Colonel Ironside of 1776 (No. 268). 
 Charges, which the accused characterizes as " frivolous and 
 insignificant," had been made against the Colonel and brought 
 to the notice of the Board. Hastings and Clavering, as re- 
 presenting their respccti^'e parties, both expressed themselves 
 ready to acquiesce in Ironside's justification, but neither would 
 make the first advance through fear of being charged with 
 partiality, Ironside having previously acted as Hastings's 
 Secretary, while Mrs. Ironside's brother, Roger Roberts,' i' was 
 Clavering's Persian Translator. Eventually the matter was 
 referred to the Directors. John d'Fries writes (No. 252, 256) 
 that " Bengal is over run with informers' accusations . . . 
 Nothing is done but from the spirit of party." D'Fries, an 
 assistant in Nicholas Morse's house of agency, carried on the 
 business after his chief's death. At a later dale he was joined 
 by Thomas Pelling, a free-merchant of long standing, and the 
 firm became known as Pelling & de Fries. Both partners 
 frequently corresponded Avith Robert Palk, whom they re- 
 presented in Madras. Mrs. Morse, who had gone to England to 
 join her daughter Mrs. Vansittart, could not readily adapt 
 herself to new conditions of life after her long residence in 
 Madras (No. 265). Married in 1730, she had endured De la 
 W Grand mentions Captain Roberts as aide-de-camp to Clavering. 
 
XXXIV 
 
 Bourdonnais' bombardment of Fort St. George in 1746, 
 courageously refusing a permit to leave which was offered to her 
 as the wife of the Governor. Prior to Lally's siege of Madras 
 in 1758 Mrs. Morse and Mrs. Vansittart were sent by sea to 
 Sadras for safety. That Dutch settlement had just then been 
 seized by the French, and the ladies landed to find themselves 
 prisoners. 
 
 In connection with the period 1771 to 1774 the following 
 selection from the Palk papers in the British Museum should 
 be consulted : — 
 
 Addl. MSS., 34,686. 
 
 1771, April 22nd John Call to Robert Palk, 
 
 from Whiteford, Cornwall. 
 
 1772, Sept. 7th Warren Hastings to Robert Palk, 
 
 from Cossimbazar. 
 
 1773, Nov. 15th Warren Hastings to Robert Palk, 
 
 from Fort William, Calcutta. 
 
 1774, Jan. 17th George Vansittart to Robert Palk, 
 
 from Calcutta. 
 
 1774, Mar. 21st Warren Hastings to Robert Palk, 
 
 from Fort William, Calcutta. 
 
 1774, Mar. 27th George Vansittart to Robert Palk, 
 
 from Calcutta. 
 
 The dissensions in the Supreme Council were imitated at Fort 
 St. George. Nawab Walajah designed to make his favourite son 
 Amir-ul-Umara ruler of Tanjore (No. 250). Wynch and the 
 majority of Council opposed the proposition, which was sup- 
 ported by General Smith, J. M. Stone and Samuel Johnson, 
 and the matter was referred to Bengal. Chokappa notifies the 
 return to Madras in 1775 of Sir Robert Fletcher, and the steady 
 purchase by the Nawab of substantial houses in the Fort. He 
 -mentions the publication of an order forbidding acceptance by 
 the Company's civil and military servants of gifts from natives 
 under penalty of fine and deportation, and remarks that " if this 
 is the case, the Madrass gentlemen in the Company's service 
 will find great difficulty in getting a fortune after they disburse 
 their own private expences." He also reports a storm at Surat 
 which wrecked nine large ships and forty small vessels, and 
 alludes to fighting by land and sea between the Company's 
 forces and the Marathas. 
 
 These hostilities were due to the action of the Bombay 
 Government in espousing the cause of Raghoba against the 
 Ministerial parfy at Poona. The price of aid was to be the 
 cession of Bassein and Salsette, and an agreement known as 
 the Treaty of Surat was concluded with Raghoba to that effect 
 in 1775. The island of Salsette was occupied by a force under 
 Colonel Robert Gordon at the end of 1774, and three months 
 later Colonel Keating was sent with troops to support Raghoba 
 in his march from Baroda to Poona. The Supreme Council, 
 which had not been consulted, ordered the recall of Keating, sent 
 
XXXV 
 
 Colonel John Upton to Poona to negotiate with the confederacy 
 of chiefs, and obtained a suspension of arms. Colonel Gordon, 
 writing to Palk in 1775, describes (No. 255) the position of affairs. 
 Comments on the action of the Bombay Government are made 
 by d'Fries (Nos. 252, 256). He remarks that Salsette is " the 
 grainery of Bombay," and considers the occasion favourable 
 for dividing and therefore weakening the Maratha power. 
 Meanwhile civil war continued. Muttukrislma Mudali writes 
 (No. 262) that the internecine strife is advantageous to the 
 Nizam, who has recovered lost territory, as well as to minor 
 chiefs, who have escaped payment of chaut. Basalat Jang, 
 the Nizam's brother, who had l)een required by the Supreme 
 (iovernment to disband a substantial body of French troops in 
 his service (No. 256), sent his army, including the French 
 detachment, to besiege Bellar}^, where a Hindu tributary was 
 aiming at independence. This poligar appealed for help to 
 Haidar, who swooped down on BeOary, routed Basalat Jang, 
 continued the siege on his own account and compelled the 
 surrender of the unfortunate poligar (No. 263). Haidar then 
 attacked Goot}^ (No. 278), and forced its chief, the celebrated 
 Morari Rao, who made a gallant defence, to capitulate. Morari 
 Rao was imprisoned, and died in confinement. 
 
 From 1775 Robert Palk has a new correspondent, though an 
 old friend, in Commander George Baker, late of the Company's 
 marine service. Baker, who was born in 1721 at Tor Mohun 
 (now called Torre, near Torquay), first came to India in 1743. 
 I/ike Palk, he was with Boscawen at Pondicherry, and he after- 
 wards did good service during Lally's siege of Fort St. George. 
 He was rewarded by Pigot in 1762 with the post of Master 
 Attendant or controller of shipping at Madras. Nine years 
 later, when in England, Baker contracted with the Company 
 to supply water to the P^ort and shipping from a source north of 
 Black Town, and he duly carried out the project. Reynold 
 Adams, who was Master Attendant when Baker arrived in 1772, 
 feared that the water scheme would interfere with his own 
 perquisites (No. 177). To recoup himself he asked for Palk's 
 aid in procuring a contract for the exclusive supply of betel, 
 tobacco and bhang (No. 229). He was the tenant of Palk's 
 house in the White Town, and from time to time propitiated 
 his landlord with the gift of a pipe of madeira. In 1775 he 
 sent (No. 261) " a hogshead of old Goa arrack, said to be the 
 best ever brought to Madras ... It was got of the dispersed 
 Fathers of the Inquisition." Tom Palk coveted the house, 
 and vainly tried to induce his uncle to evict Adams (No. 191). 
 
 George Baker reports progress (No. 260) on the Madras forti- 
 fications. It is remarkable that there are but few allusions in 
 the Palk letters to the final reform and completion of Fort St. 
 George. This extensive and costly work was carried out by 
 the Chief Engineer, Colonel Patrick Ross, betw^een 1770 and 
 1783. After mentioning that dissensions in Council continue, 
 
XXXVI 
 
 and that Governor Wynch fails to inspire respect. Baker 
 announces the arrival of Palk's nephew Richard Welland, a 
 naval cadet of the Salisbury, flagship of Sir Edward Hughes. 
 The Salisbui'y has been lately at Masulipatam to fetch some 
 Company's merchandize, and since her return Welland has not 
 been ashore, " for the Comniadore pays close attention to the 
 manner in which all his young gentlemen spend their time." 
 Welland himself, a son of Governor Palk's sister Grace, writes 
 to his uncle (No. 259) of his visit to Masulipatam, where Tom 
 Palk " behaved very kind to me and gave me some books." 
 He says that both Baker and Adams often invite him ashore, 
 and adds, " I think hats is very dear in India." Sir Edward 
 Hughes, who had succeeded Harland in command of the squad- 
 ron, sailed for the Malabar coast in October, 1775, and in the 
 following January writes (No. 269) that he has come to Bombay 
 to refit, and " assist if I can in the treaty making at Poonali." 
 He tells Palk that Welland " grows a very smart young man." 
 
 Colonel Upton's negotiations with the Ministerial party 
 terminated in the Treaty of Purandhar, by which Raghoba w^as 
 thrown over, Salsette and Broach were ceded to the Compan}% 
 while other British conquests reverted to the Marathas. In 
 March, 1776, Sir Edward Hughes sums up the position thus 
 (No. 284) : " Ragobah has been able to get little security and 
 no share in the government : in short the Presidency of Bombay- 
 made a treaty with him to support his attempt, which that of 
 Fort William disapproved and sent a deputy to make peace, 
 which was concluded and signed at Poonah the 1st of this 
 instant." Edmund Yeale Lane, a Bombay civil servant of 
 1767 whom Palk had befriended, was now at Tannah in Salsette 
 after serving as Judge Advocate with Colonel Gordon. He 
 writes (No. 290) of " the dishonorable and wretched treat}' 
 concluded by the Supreme Council's Plenipo with the Ministerial 
 party of the Marrattas, by Avhich we have violated the national 
 honor, and made our faith justl}' doubted by every prince in 
 India." Lane foresees further trouble, as Haidar is aggressive 
 and the Maratha chiefs are disunited. A claimant for the 
 Peshwaship, who pretends to be Sudaba, cousin of Raghoba, 
 is in the field with a considerable force, and in liane's opinion 
 he may succeed, whether an impostor or not, in overthrowing 
 the Ministers. The pretender gained in fact important successes 
 in the Konkan, and " very near wrested the government " 
 from the Ministerial party (No. 313). Lane considers that, 
 but for these successes, the cessions re(|uired by the treaty 
 would never have been made. The real Sudaba or Sudasheo 
 Hao was a nephew of the Pesliwa Baji Rao. He was missing, 
 believed killed, after the battle of Panipat in 1761, when the 
 Marathas were defeated by Ahmad Shah Abdali. Some years 
 later a person representing himself to be Sudaba was imprisoned 
 as an impostor. Escaping in April, 1776, this man secured a 
 large following of believers, and even received some coiuitenance 
 
XXXVll 
 
 from the ]?onibay (Government. Siiccessfnl at first, he was 
 eventually delcated and delivered to the Ministers, by whom 
 he was executed. 
 
 Lieut. J. Sneliing, who had been started in life by Robert 
 Palk, writes from V'izagapatam (Xo. 267) that lie is laid up with 
 a severe attaek of malarial fever after an expedition in the 
 adjaeent hills. He has lately been transferred to a battalion 
 eonmianded by Captain Mathews, and he represents that officer 
 as " the most warlike genius in India, and the most enter- 
 ])rizing man that ever drew sword in this part of the country . . . 
 What a pleasure and satisfaction it is for a young fellow like 
 myself to be under a man so renowned for every particular of 
 the military art ! " Richard Mathews, when in command of a 
 native battalion in the first Mysore war, had captured the hill 
 fort of Mulljagal by a bold and clever stratagem. His operations 
 during the second Mysore war, when he eonmianded the troops 
 in Malabar will be mentioned later. Snelling has been advised 
 to go south for the sake of his health, but he fears the greater 
 expense " from the number of pleasures to be met with there, 
 such as plays, horse racing, cock-fighting ; in short almost all 
 those expensive amusements you have in England." In the 
 Circars he can live on his pay " very genteelly." Snelling's health 
 was seriouslv undermined, and he died at Madras in 1778 
 (Xo. 327). 
 
 The Directors appointed (X^o. 274) a Committee of Circuit, 
 consisting of five members, to tour the Circars and the Company's 
 Jagir, and report on the administration of those districts. At this 
 juncture John Whitehill resigned the cliiefship of Masulipatam, 
 and George Baker observes (X'^o. 277) that " the busy world say 
 he chose not to stay till the new Committee came their rounds." 
 Writing on the 23rd February, 1776, Baker mentions (Xo. 281) 
 that Whitehill and John Sulivan will sail from Pondicherry for 
 pAirope in the Ajax, and he adds, " A Mrs. Draper of Bombay 
 (who is a niece of Mr. Whitehill's) accompanyes them : they all 
 set out for Pondicherry to-morrow." This lady was Sterne's 
 "Eliza." Her father,' Mav Sclater, went to India in 1736, 
 married Miss Whitehill and settled at x\njengo, where Eliza was 
 born in 1744. She married Daniel Draper of the Bombay civil 
 service, and in 1765, during a visit to England, met Laurence 
 Sterne. Correspondence ensued, which was afterwards pub- 
 lished. She was his " Bramine " ; he her " mild, generous and 
 good Yorick." Mrs. Draper sailed for India in 1767 to rejoin 
 her husband. About six years later she eloped from Bombay 
 in a ship commanded by Sir John Clarke, <i' and went to her 
 uncle Thomas Whitehill, a Bombay civil servant. She sub- 
 sequently joined his brother John Whitehill at Masulipatam, 
 and accompanied him in 1776 to England, where she died two 
 years afterwards at the age of thirty-four. Baker further 
 announces that the Hillsborough, with George Vansittart and 
 
 (1) An allasiou t(» .Sir John Clarke is made in Xu. 260. 
 
XXXVlll 
 
 his wife on board, left Madras for England on the 16th February, 
 and was not out of sight until the 20th. The ship pursued a 
 leisurely course to St. Helena, where the Vansittarts became the 
 guests of Daniel Corneille, the Lieutenant-Governor. Corneille 
 writes to Palk (No. 286) regarding them, and adds, " The good 
 example you have set me of four little ones I am endeavouring 
 to follow. My present family consist of two boys and one girl, 
 besides one upon the stocks that will make his or her appearance 
 in three months ; after which, ha\ ing followed your example, 
 I aspire to no further wish of greater perfection." 
 
 The difficulty of making private remittances to England is 
 complained of in many letters. The rates for Company's bills 
 being generally unfavourable, remittances were often made by 
 sending home diamonds (Nos. 16, 20, 48, 68, 80, etc.). George 
 Vansittart and Robert Palk, jun., purchased a ship, loaded her 
 with opium, and sent her to trade in the Eastern Archipelago 
 and China with the view of remitting the proceeds from Batavia 
 and Canton (No. 213) ; but the venture proved unsuccessful. 
 When diamonds were not procurable recourse was had to specie. 
 D'Fries says in 1775 (No. 256), " The exportation of the specie 
 continues with us to a greater degree than ever. It is reckoned 
 that in the course of this present year six lacks of pagodas have 
 been exported to China and Europe — a melanchoh^ and very 
 alarming circumstance, for it must drain the country, and that 
 very soon if continued." A little later Chokappa writes (No. 
 270), " Several gentlemen in the place, for want of a way of 
 remitting their fortune to England by l)ills, sends it in gold and 
 Star pagodas on every ship that goes from hence, which 
 impoverish[es] the place very much." 
 
 The American war is noticed by d'Fries early in 1776 (No. 
 276). " The unlucky turn that the American business has 
 taken has filled us with much serious reflection. Wc anxiously 
 wait to hear from England. God send that matters may have 
 been made up." Allusion to the war is also made by Sir E. 
 Hughes (No. 303). 
 
 The long expected arrival of liOrd Pigot, which took place on 
 the 9th December, 1775, opened a strange chapter in the history 
 of Madras. The Governor elect was accompanied by Claud 
 Russell and Alexander Dalrymple, two members of his Council 
 of ten. Pigot was no stranger to the Southern Presidency, the 
 government of which he had administered from 1755 to 1763. 
 A grateful population was not oblivious of his successful defence 
 of Fort St. (ieorge against the French, nor of the subsequent 
 British capture of Pondicherry. George Baker describes 
 (No. 263) the enthusiastic reception of the new Go^■ernor and 
 the ceremonial observed on his assumption of office. Pigot was 
 charged by the Directors with orders to effect the restoration 
 of the Tanjore province to the Raja (No. 274). Sir Edward 
 Hughes wrote from Bombay (No, 284), " I am told Lord Pigot 
 brings regulations respecting Tanjour, but am afraid not very 
 
XXXIX 
 
 pleasing to the poor Nabob, who certainly merits every attention 
 from the English, being in my opinion their most sincere Irieiul 
 in this conntry.",^ Pigot was considerate to the Nawab, and after 
 nearly two months spent in argument Walajah consented to 
 release the Raja and receive a British garrison in Tanjore cit\-. 
 The province he could not be prevailed on to relinquish, as he 
 said that the two expeditions for its conquest had cost him 
 three crores of rupees (No. 276). Colonel Humphrey Harper 
 marched from Trichinopoly and took possession of the city fort. 
 Meanwhile the Nawab made representations to the Directors 
 through Colonel Lauehlan Macleane, his agent in England 
 (Nos. 245, 275). Macleane had retired from the Bengal Army 
 as Major in 1766, but was re-appointed through the influence 
 of Sir George Colebrooke (No. 169), who was Chairman of 
 Directors in 1772. He returned to India as Commissarv General. 
 Bengal, with the rank of Lieut.-Colonel. In 1774 Hastings 
 selected him to serve as his representative in England, and 
 Macleane accepted a commission to act for \\'alaiah at the 
 same time. 
 
 While Pigot was arguing with AValajah, John Macpherson, 
 a former representative of the Nawab, intervened. Macpherson 
 had come to India in 1767, at the age of 22, as the purser of a 
 Company's ship. He ingratiated himself with the Nawab, and 
 was by him appointed his agent in England. Macpherson 
 approached the King's Ministers, and the nomination of Sir 
 John Lindsay as Plenipotentiary is believed to have been partly 
 due to his advocacy. For himself he secured a Writership at 
 Madras from the Directors. Early in 1776 he was paying 
 surreptitious midnight visits to the Nawab (No. 270) to claim 
 recognition of his former services. Walajah, disillusioned by 
 the orders respecting Tanjore, handed Macpherson's memorial 
 to Lord Pigot. The \'oung civil serxant was sunmioned before 
 the Council, and was dismissed the service for conduct pre- 
 judicial to the Company in the past (No. 277). Macpherson 
 returned to England in 1777 and entered Parliament. In 
 1781 he was reinstated by the Directors, and sent to Bengal 
 as a member of the Supreme Council. On Hastings's resigna- 
 tion in 1785 Macpherson became provisional Governor General, 
 and he was created a baronet in the following year. 
 
 Further pressure by Lord Pigot failed to persuade the Nawab 
 to reinstate the Raja, and produced only friction. Duly 
 authorized by the Council, Pigot went down to Tanjore with a 
 retinue, and on the 11th April restored the province to its former 
 ruler (No. 288). Chokappa, who accompanied the party, 
 describes (No. 289) the treatment of the Raja during his confine- 
 ment, and gi\'es a graphic account of the ceremony of reinstate- 
 ment. Chokap})a then w^ent on to Trichinopoly, and learned 
 that the Marawars of Ranmad and Sivaganga wetc detained 
 prisoners there by the Nawab. While at Tanjore Lord Pigot 
 recjuired the Nawab's manager to produce accounts of the 
 
xl 
 
 revenues of the province. Tlie manager fled, and Pigot caused 
 him to be pursued into Carnatic territory and arrested. This 
 action gave great umbrage to the Nawab. 
 
 As security for loans from private persons Walajah had 
 granted tankas or assignments of the revenues of Tanjore to 
 the extent of about ] G lakhs of pagodas. The creditors held a 
 lien on the grain crop, which at the time of Lord Pigot's visit 
 was partly cut. Directly Tanjore was restored, the Raja, 
 supported by British troops, seized the grain (Nos. 288, 289). 
 On Pigot's return to Madras a difference arose in Council as to 
 liability for payment of the tankas. The majority were in favour 
 of satisfaction by the Raja, while the minority, Avhich included 
 the Governor, held that the Raja was not concerned with assign- 
 ments made by the Nawab. Walajah declined to pay unless 
 ordered by the Company to do so. He professed fear of violence 
 from Lord Pigot, and applied to Sir Edward Hughes for 
 protection (No. 288). The breach between Governor and 
 NaAvab yawned wide. In June, 1776, Walajah writes to Palk 
 (No. 287) that it is evidently " his Lordship's intention to distress 
 and disgrace me, and he has seized every opportunity of injuring 
 my affairs and of hurting my honor and authority " ; and the 
 writer goes on to hint that Pigot has private interests to serve 
 by his action. 
 
 The principal creditors were Paul Benfield, the Hon. Edward 
 Monckton, George Smith and Reynold Adams, but all Madras 
 was interested. Monckton, a civil servant, had lately married 
 Pigot's daughter Sophia. Benfield came out to Madras in 1764 
 as Civil Architect and Engineer, and was employed on the works 
 of Fort St. George with the rank of lieutenant, though his name 
 was also borne on the civil list. In 1769 he resigned his appoint- 
 ment of Engineer to become contractor for the erection of a 
 rampart 3| miles in length for the defence of Black Town. 
 Dismissed the service in 1770 for factious conduct, he was 
 reinstated, but Avas suspended for disobedience in 1772. He 
 subsequently contracted for new works at Fort St. George, and 
 was engaged on them irntil 1776. Out of the profits of his 
 contracts he lent large sums to tlie Nawab. Chokappa writes 
 in 1774 (No. 230), " Mr. l^en field is Hanker and Soukar to his 
 Highness the Nabob : all drafts and bills for the payment of 
 the kists to the Company are scut to him, and he discharges 
 it." 
 
 Yov three months following Pigot's return from Tanjore 
 disputes continued in Coinicil. Benlield was supported by 
 (Tcorge Stratton, Sir Robert Fletcher, Henry Brooke, Charles 
 Floyer, Archdale Palmer, Francis Jourdan and Oorge Mackay ; 
 while the minority consisted of Lord Pigot, Claud Russell, 
 Alexander Dalrymple and J. M. Stone. The crisis came in 
 August. All the letters of the })eriod are full of the events 
 which followed. The best accounts are those by George Baker 
 (No. 293) and John d'Fries (No. 310). The point immediately 
 
xli 
 
 at issue was the representation ol' British interests at Tanjorc. 
 Russell had been nominated Resident, but the Majority proposed 
 to caneel the appointment, send Russell on tour with the Com- 
 mittee of Cireuit, and despatch Colonel James Stuart to command 
 the troops in the province and incidentally recover the Nawab's 
 assignments from the Raja. Orders lor Stuart were drawn 
 up, but the President refused to sign them unless Russell also 
 went as Resident to watch ()\er the Raja's interests. On the 
 23rd August the Majority directed the Secretary, Richard 
 Joseph Sulivan, to sign the orders on behalf of the President. 
 Sulivan required a written instruction, which was accordingly 
 drafted and passed round for signature. After Stratton and 
 Brooke had signed, Pigot intercepted the paper, charged the 
 two signatories with inciting the Secretary to do an unlawful 
 act, and moved their suspension. Sir Robert Fletcher being 
 absent through sickness, the motion was carried. 
 
 The Majority assembled the same evening at Benficld's 
 house, where, according to Chokappa (No. 295), they consulted 
 with Macpherson, Benfield and the Nawab's two sons. They 
 met again early next morning at Fletcher's residence, resolved 
 that the suspensions were illegal, and determined to assume 
 the powers of Government. Tliey sent out notices to that effect. 
 On the same day, the 23rd, Lord Pigot sununoned to the Board 
 Richard liathom, Chief of Cuddalore, who had come up to join 
 the Committee of Circuit, and the Minority thus augmented 
 suspended the remaining members of the Majority, ordered 
 Fletcher into arrest, and offered the command of the army to 
 Stuart. On Saturday, the 21th, Stuart breakfasted with I^ord 
 Pigot, and the Council sat intermittently throughout the day at 
 the Fort House. When the\- rose the Governor invited Stuart 
 to supper at the Company's Gardens and offered him a seat in 
 his chaise. They started after dark, Pigot himself driving a 
 pair of spirited horses. The road lay across the Island through 
 a double avenue of banyan trees. When the carriage was 
 midwav between the bridges two officers. Lieut-Colonel 
 Edington, Adjutant-General, and Captain Lysaght, stepped 
 into the road and signed to it to stop. They were supported by 
 an armed party of sepoys concealed in the shadow of the trees. 
 Lord Pigot reined in. l/vsaght shouted, " You are my prisoner," 
 and Stuart ordered the (Governor to get out. Pigot was hustled 
 into a closed carriage belonging to Benfield, which was waiting 
 at the spot. Lysaght, pistol in hand, followed ; an order!}' 
 sergeant mounted behind, and the carriage w^ith draw^n blinds 
 was driven rapidly to the Mount, where Lord Pigot was delivered 
 into the custody of Major Matthew Home, commanding the 
 Artillery. 
 
 Stuart, who had framed the whole plan in collusion with 
 Fletcher, returned from the scene of arrest to the Fort House, 
 where the Majority were already assembled. All slept in the 
 Council Chamber that night. On the morning of Sunday the 
 
xlii 
 
 25th, having suspended Russell, Dalrymple, Stone and 
 Ivathoni, they summoned the civil and military servants and 
 the inhabitants to hear a proclamation announcing their 
 assumption of Government with George Stratton as President. 
 The militarv officers had alreadv received their orders from 
 Stuart. Among the civil servants there was some hesitation, 
 and 38 ol' them idtimately refused to acknowledge the new 
 Government (No. 297). On the 27th at midnight Colonel 
 Edington presented himself at the Mount with an order to 
 Major Home for the removal of Lord Pigot to an unspecified 
 place of detention. Pigot refused to go, and when Home 
 summoned the garrison troops the ex-(iovernor harangued them 
 to such effect that they tacitly refused to exercise force. 
 Edington returned to Madras, his mission unfulfilled. Mean- 
 while Russell, who was with Lord Pigot, hurried to Sir Edward 
 Hughes at San Thome to demand his protection, and Hughes 
 left his bed for the Fort. The Majority refused to yield the 
 person of Lord Pigot to the Admiral, but engaged that no further 
 attempt should be made to remove his lordship from the Mount. 
 Hughes himself says (No. 303) that, both parties having appealed 
 to him for support, he determined to afford it to the section 
 which possessed power to carry on the government. 
 
 The Nawab protests (No. 301) entire innocence of complicit}' 
 in Lord Pigot's arrest, and assures Palk of his own unalterable 
 attachment to the Company. In a subsequent letter (No. 308) 
 he recalls his disapproval of the Treaty with Tanjore of 1762, 
 and says that Pigot at that time forced him to sign the instru- 
 ment. George Smith, although a /«///irt-holder on Tanjore 
 revenues for about Pags. 30,000, denounces (No. 297) the 
 revolution, and asserts that the charges against Pigot of des- 
 potism, venality and attempts to subvert the constitution are 
 imfounded. D'Fries, who mentions the sudden death of 
 another tanka-holdev, Reynold Adams, reports (No. 299) that 
 the revolution has affected the Company's i:)rcstigc with the 
 natives. He believes that the Nawab's selection of Madras as 
 his place of residence, though tending to develop intrigue, is 
 on the whole advantageous, since he can be better watched 
 when uiuh-r the eye of Government, while his presence has 
 uiidoul)te<lly conduced to the prosperity of the capital, the 
 })opulation of which has increased by one-third diu'ing the last 
 ten years. Sir Edward Hughes is of opinion (No. 303) that the 
 Tanjore province ought to be held by the Nawab. a British 
 garrison occupying the city. He thinks that the orders for 
 rendition wonid not ha\'e been issued if Colonel Macleane had 
 reached Enghvnd earher, ; and he regrets that no Avritten treaty 
 has e\er been concluded between the Company and the Nawab. 
 
 Charles Eloyer, a mend^er of the Majority, explains (No. 302) 
 the motives of his action in the revolution, and conjures up a 
 farrago of surmises. He hokls that Lord I'igot intended to 
 extract a large sum from the Raja as the reward of rendition, 
 
xliii 
 
 and fears that Bcnfield's unsupported charges of venaHty will 
 prove to be only too true. He draws dark inferences from the 
 nomination of Russell to Tanjore, seeing that the prospective 
 Resident is about to marry I^eonora Pigot, He points ovit that 
 the suspension of Stratton and Brooke would make Russell 
 Second of Coimcil, and suggests that Pigot contemplated 
 resignation of the Government to his son-in-law. He makes 
 the point that the revolution was bloodless, and contends that 
 it would certainly have been otherwise if the Majority had 
 limited themselves to suspending the Governor instead of 
 arresting him. Benfield went to Tanjore (No. 307) to press his 
 claims on the Raja and secure proofs of Lord Pigot's venality. 
 He came back unsatisfied on both heads. 
 
 The Supreme Government, Avhich had already expressed 
 disapproval of Pigot's attitude towards the Nawab and of his 
 action in Tanjore, especially in regard to the arrest of the 
 Nawab's manager (No. 293), determined to support the Majority 
 as the legal Government. Their decision reached Madras early 
 in October, and the Srcaliozc, sloop of war, was at once des- 
 patched to Suez with fidl reports of the revolution. Dalrymple 
 carried a packet from Lord Pigot, and Colonel Capper one from 
 the Nawab. D'Fries considers (No. 310) that the Company 
 should strictly define the powers of the President in relation 
 to those of a majority of the Council, and issue explicit orders 
 as to intervention by military officers in civil disputes. In a 
 subsequent letter (No. 312) he mentions Colonel Monson's 
 death, wherebj' Hastings obtains a majority in the Supreme 
 Council and is once more free to act. Sir Robert Fletcher, 
 who has been ill for months with phthisis, is about to embark for 
 the Cape, but there is little prospect of his recovery. The 
 prognostication was fulfilled, for Fletcher died at Mauritius in 
 December before reaching his destination. Raker assigns 
 causes for the revolution (No. 311), and observes that Pigot 
 failed to maintain a good understanding with Bengal, while 
 meml^ers of the Majority corresponded privately with Clavering's 
 party. 
 
 In 1777 a partial break occurs in the Palk correspondence, 
 only four Indian letters of that year having been preserved. 
 Sir Edward Hughes announces (No. 315) that a proposal to 
 send Lord Pigot to England has been negatived, and says that 
 the Directors' orders on the reports of the revolution are 
 anxiously awaited. He states that Major General Bellecombe 
 arrived in January as Governor of Pondicherry, and that M. 
 Law is disgusted at being superseded. " Our friend Captain 
 Baker " is engaged in carrying a pipe line through the surf to 
 supply water to shipping. Chokappa writes (No. 314) that 
 Bombay refuses to recognize Stratton as Governor of Madras. 
 Baker observes (No. 316) that " Mr. Macpherson, a gentleman 
 well known (and in some degree distinguished here, though of 
 little standing in the Company's service)," is leaving for England 
 
xliv 
 
 to support, it is understood, the cause of the Nawab. Tom 
 Palk writes (No. 317) to announce his marriage to Catharine, 
 daughter of Thomas Pelhng of the firm of Pehing & de Fries. 
 " With respect to her accompH[sh]ments it would be absurd 
 in me to sound forth, but I must do her that justice to say that 
 they are such as no man would make the least objection to." 
 
 During the interval which elapsed before the next letter of the 
 collection was written several notable events occurred. After 
 an attack of illness brought on by chill following violent exercise 
 Lord Pigot was brought from the Mount to the Garden House, 
 where, in spite of attention from Drs. Pasley and Anderson, 
 he expired on the 11th May, 1777. An inquest was held 
 by the Coroner, George Andrew Ram. The jury, of which George 
 Smith was foreman, brought in a verdict of wilful murder against 
 Stratton and the rest of the Majority, and also against Stuart, 
 Edington, Lysaght and Home. The verdict was delivered in 
 July, but not published until September. Meanwhile, on the 
 31st August, John Whitehill arrived from England via Suez 
 after a passage of only 79 days, bearing a despatch from the 
 Directors, dated 11th June, addressed to " Lord Pigot, our 
 President and Governor of Fort St. George," Thomas Rumbold, 
 Major General Hector Munro, John Whitehill, Charles Smith, 
 Samuel Johnson, Peter Perring and others. The Court 
 denounced the subversion of the Government by the Majority, 
 and ordered the reinstatement of I/ord Pigot, which was, however, 
 to be followed by his return to England by the first ship. His 
 successor, Thomas Rumbold, was to be aided by a Council of 
 only five members as named above. Stratton and the Majority 
 were suspended and summoned home, as was Benfield, while 
 Stuart was suspended for local enquiry into his conduct. 
 
 Confronted with the news of Lord Pigot's death, Wliitehill 
 found himself the senior member of the new Government 
 and the only Councillor present at Madras. He summoned the 
 two senior civil servants at the Presidency, Anthony Sadleir 
 and Quintin Crauford, to assist him, and communicated the 
 Directors' despatch to Stratton and the Majority, who at once 
 submitted to the Court's orders. Whitehill assumed office as 
 provisional Governor, and Smith, Johnson and Perring joined 
 him from their out-stations. On the 21.th September the 
 Coroner delivered the inquest verdict, and the accused were 
 committed for trial at Quarter Sessions, Adxice was asked 
 of the Sujireme Court, and pending its receipt the trial pro- 
 ceeded. In due course Chief Justice Impey and the Judges 
 delivered the opinion that the inquest afforded insufficient 
 evidence for indictment. Tlic proceedings were accordingly 
 quashed. Stratton, Brooke, Floyer and Mackay were dealt 
 with in Enoland and fined 1,000/. each. Stuart rejnained under 
 suspension until December 1780, when he was tried by court- 
 martial for nuitiny in arresting Lord Pigot. Of this charge he 
 was acquitted on the ground that the seiziu'C was made outside 
 
xlv 
 
 the limits of the Fort, and therefore beyond the sphere of the 
 Governor's niihtary command. 
 
 The years 1778 and 1770 are covered by only sixteen letters. 
 Baker writes (Nos. 320, 322) that Rnssell, Stone, Stratton and 
 Brooke have already left for England, Russell marrying Leonora 
 Pigot the day before embarkation. He reports progress on 
 the fortifications of the east front of Fort St. George, and 
 announces that Tom Palk, lately nominated Paymaster at 
 Chingleput, has lost the appointment through the reinstatement 
 of the civil servants who were suspended by Stratton. Tom 
 Palk eventually received a similar post at Trichinopoly, and 
 became a prosperous man. Baker attributes to Wynch certain 
 modifications made in the original contract for water supply. 
 "Mr. Wynch has done me an irreparable injury ... I wish not 
 to live for any other thing so much as to confront that man in 
 a Court of Justice or in a General Court of Proprietors." 
 
 Thomas Rumbold and ^Major-General Hector Munro arrived 
 at Madras on the 8th February. 1778 (No. 322), when the former 
 took charge from Whitehill. Like Robert Clive, John Caillaud, 
 Robert Barker, Richard Smith. John Carnac. Robert Fletcher 
 and John Macpherson, Rumbold furnished an instance of a 
 man trained in Madras, who after transfer to Bengal, rose to 
 high position in the service. Originally appointed to Fort St, 
 George as a Writer in 1752, Rumbold was shortly afterwards 
 commissioned in the army. After serving under Lawrence in 
 the Trichinopoly campaigns, he accompanied Clive to Calcutta, 
 and was wounded at Plassey. Reverting to the civil list, he 
 continued to serve in Bengal, and sat in Council for three years 
 until 1769, when he returned to England and entered Parliament. 
 He was a Director of the Company from 1772 until he was 
 appointed Governor of Madras. Hector INIunro came to India in 
 1761 as Major of the 89th Foot, and in 1764, when commanding 
 the troops at Patna in succession to Carnac, defeated the 
 combined forces of Mir Kasim and the Xawab Vizier at the 
 decisive battle of Buxar. He then returned home, and did not 
 see India again until he came out in 1778 to command the 
 Madras army. Sir Eyre Coote arrived at the end of the same 
 year to be once more Commander-in-Chief in India. 
 
 Colonel Ironside, writing from Calcutta in March. 1778 
 (No. 324), fears supersession by officers from home, and asks 
 for Palk's interest to procure him promotion to brigadier by 
 brevet, with succession to Brig.-General Giles Stibbert. He 
 encloses for Palk's perusal papers relating to General Clavering's 
 attempted usurpation of the Government in 1777. Hastings 
 had entrusted to his agent, Colonel Macleane, a letter of resig- 
 nation, which was to be presented to the Directors only under 
 certain conditions. A despatch from England, which reached 
 Calcutta in June, disclosed the tender by Macleane of the letter, 
 and the appointment by the Directors of Edward Wheler to fill a 
 vacancy in the Council. Clavering immediately assumed the 
 
xlvi 
 
 Government, summoned Francis to sit in Council with him, 
 and required Hastings to give up charge. Hastings consulted 
 the Judges, who declared Clavering's act to be illegal. The 
 Council then resolved that the General had by his proceeding 
 vacated his seat. Further appeals to the Judges by Clavering 
 and Francis elicited an opinion favourable to the General on 
 this point, and the Council rescinded their resolution. 
 
 Clavering's death shortly afterwards is reported by Henry 
 Vansittart, jun., (No. 325), who expresses the view that the 
 Supreme Court is assuming authority which overrides the 
 Governor General's powers. He mentions the intrigues of the 
 French with the Marathas, and the intended despatch of a force 
 from Bengal to Bombay. A person calling himself the Chevalier 
 St. Lubin was the French agent at Poona. This adventurer 
 was formerly attached as an intelligence officer to the British 
 Field Deputies in the first Mysore war, but was discredited. 
 In May, 1777, he appeared at Poona as a genuine representative 
 of the King of France, bearing letters and gifts for the Peshwa. 
 On promise of French aid Nana Farnavis, the principal Maratha 
 Minister, granted St. Lubin the use of the port of Chaul, where he 
 hoisted French colours (No. 322). Jealousy of Nana Farnavis 
 had led to the formation of a Maratha party pledged 
 to restore Raghoba to power. The Bombay Government 
 supported the party, and Hastings, disliking Colonel Upton's 
 treaty, agreed to assist. An expedition under Colonel Leslie, 
 who was soon superseded by Colonel Thomas Goddard, started 
 in 1778 to march across India to Poona or the coast with the 
 ostensible object of protecting Bombay from French aggression. 
 The Bombay Government co-operated by despatching a force 
 towards Poona under Colonel Charles Egerton, whom they 
 hampered with Field Deputies. When nearing Poona in 
 January, 1779, Egerton was surrounded by the enemy and 
 compelled to surrender. An agreement, known as the Con- 
 vention of Wargaon, was made between the Marathas and the 
 Field Deputies, by which Raghoba was to be given up, and all 
 Britisli conquests made subsequent to 1765 were to be restored. 
 This convention was disavowed by the Bombay Government. 
 Meanwhile Goddard, who had diverted his course from Poona, 
 arrived at Surat in February. There he was joined by a 
 contingent from Madras (No. 336). Raghoba, who had fallen 
 into the hands of Mahadaji Sindia, escaped from custody in 
 .Tunc, 1779, and reached Goddard at Surat. 
 
 In March, 1778, war had broken out between England and 
 France, and in July Fort St. George received instructions from 
 home to attack Pondicherry. Edward Cotsford, returning to 
 Madras in August after a visit to England, and ignorant of the 
 state of war, relates (No. 329) how his ship was chased by the 
 eucmy for 20 miles until she fell in witli the squadron under Sir 
 Edward Vernon, who had relieved Hughes in the preceding year. 
 Siege operations were l^egun at the end of August under the 
 
xlvii 
 
 direction of Major William Stevens, the acting Chief Engineer, 
 and on the 17th October, when the assanlt was about to be 
 delivered, General Bellecombe, the Governor, capitulated 
 (No. 331). Chokappa quotes (Nos. 330, 332) the terms of sur- 
 render, and the arrangements for the disposal of the prisoners. 
 Among the British killed were Major Stevens, Captain Augustus 
 De Morgan, and Ensign George Baker, the last being the son 
 of Palk's friend of the same name. Despatches were immediately 
 carried home by Captain William Rumbold, son of the Governor. 
 Munro was knighted and Thomas Rumbold created a baronet. 
 The Pondicherry fortifications were demolished during 1779. 
 
 The French settlement of Mahe, near Tellicherry, was reduced 
 in March, 1779, by an expedition from Madras 'under Colonel 
 Brathwaite. The operation ga^^e umbrage to Haidar, who 
 received his military stores through that port. Notwithstanding 
 the failure of the British to fulfil the terms of the Mount treaty 
 of 1769, Haidar had proposed alliance in 1771, and again after 
 the conquest of Tanjore in 1773, but his advances, owing to 
 Walajah's implacable enmity, were repelled. In 1775 he 
 definitely ranged himself with the French, and four years later 
 announced that he would join them in defending Mahe. In 
 November, 1779, nine passengers from England via Suez, 
 including two ladies (No. 337), were seized by Haidar from a 
 Danish ship at Calicut, and seven of them were sent to Seringa- 
 patam.'i) Mr. George Gray, formerly of the Bengal civil 
 service, was despatched from Madras to Haidar's capital to 
 procure their release and promote an alliance with Mysore. 
 The prisoners were liberated Ijefore Gray's arrival, but the envoy 
 was informed that his proposals came too late. 
 
 Basalat Jang continuing to recruit the French force in his 
 service, Rumbold opened direct negotiations with him. Basalat 
 agreed in 1779 to dismiss the force and transfer Guntiir to the 
 British, provided the Comj^any would protect his dominions 
 and send a force at once to his capital, Adoni. This agreement, 
 involving a breach of the treaty of 1768, incensed the Nizam. 
 Basalat's French contingent went over to the ruler of the Deecan 
 and eventually to Haidar Ali. A force under Colonel Humphrey 
 Harper was ordered to Adoni from the Circars. Its route lay 
 through territories ruled by Haidar, but permission to pass was 
 not sought in advance. Harper found the road barred, and he 
 fell back. The attempt to penetrate his country gave Haidar 
 an additional grievance. Meanwhile Rumbold rented Guntur 
 to Walajah (No. 335), aiid sent .Tohn Hollond to Hyderabad 
 to claim the abolition of the tribute payable for the Circars. 
 This proposal exasperated Nizam Ali, who saw the treaty of 
 1768 flouted in all its terms. Hollond reported the situation to 
 Hastings, and was directed to withdraw the demand. Rumbold 
 suspended Hollond for disobedience, but the Bengal Council 
 
 (1) The other two. Mi-, and Mrs. Fay, were detained at Calicut, and released aftei- 
 three months' captivity. {Original Letters from ludia. Mrs. Fay, 1817.) 
 
 Dl 
 
xlviii 
 
 reinstated him with credentials from themselves. Sir Thomas 
 Rumbold, having thus embroiled himself with Haidar, the 
 Nizam and the Supreme Government at the very time when 
 war subsisted with the powerful Maratha state, announced that 
 his health necessitated his immediate return to England. He 
 sailed in April, 1780, delivering charge of the Government to 
 the senior Councillor, John Whitehill. 
 
 Some events of Rumbold's administration are mentioned in 
 the few Madras letters of the period. Philip Stowey, who was 
 sent out by the Directors in 1778 as Civil Architect, writes 
 (No. 331) of plans for the enlargement of Admiralty House 
 in the Fort. He has been consulted about the palace at Chepauk 
 which Walajah is building " in the Moorish stile," but fears that 
 the Nawab " has gone too far to be prevailed on to alter it." 
 DTries (Nos. 333, 334, 336) alludes to the death of Colonel 
 Macleane in England, and of Mahfuz Khan, the Nawab's elder 
 brother, in India. He states that Walajah's finances are 
 seriously embarrassed, and that his numerous European creditors 
 in India and England cannot obtain payment of interest on their 
 loans. The Madras Treasury is depleted owing to the heavy 
 cost of the fortifications, and Haidar's attitude is suspicious. 
 Fearing trouble, Felling & de Fries counsel Palk to limit his 
 interests in the East. " We think your property will be safer 
 nearer you than at a distance. India is a country of revolution, 
 and we think we shall always be subject to it." Edward 
 Cotsford writes in 1778 (No. 329) of the " small abilities of the 
 present Governor and Council," and complains that his own 
 authority is prejudiced by Rumbold's summoning to Madras 
 the Zemindars of the Circars. A year later Tom Palk says 
 (No. 335) that the Zemindars were called up to be squeezed, 
 and that they have in their turn squeezed the ryots relentlessly. 
 Corruption is rampant in IMadras, and gaming prevalent. 
 " The Guntoor Circar the Nabob is to have, or has it. The 
 Jaghire in December last was advertized to be lett, but it did 
 not take place because of course the Nabob paid handsomely 
 for it.<^' . . . Never was a man so universally disliked " as 
 Sir Thomas, who is not even coiu-teous to his friends. Tom 
 Palk dined recently with the Governor, who sat down to a 
 rubber with Hall Plumer, a civil servant, and two subalterns. 
 Directly play began dinner was announced, and 60 guests were 
 kept waiting until the game was finished. In January, 1780, 
 the same correspondent writes (No. 337) lamenting the 
 continuance of his uncle's displeasure. Nothing has come of 
 Rumbold's promises of employment. " I do, Sir, assure you that 
 a King of France was never so absolute as he is here. Everything 
 he proposes is carried without the least opposition." The 
 Company is rapidly going to ruin. Sir Edward Hughes has just 
 arrived with a squadron to relieve Sir Edward Vernon, who goes 
 
 (1) The Nawab rented tlie Jagit and Poonamnlleo for ?,\ lakhs of pagodas per 
 annum. 
 
xlix 
 
 home ill an Tiidianiaii. Colonel Goddard has taken the field 
 against the Marathas. DTrics, adverting to Runibold's im- 
 pending departure and Whitehill's succession, says (No. 338), 
 " I hope nothing will happen to require the exertion of extra- 
 ordinary abilities, for T lielieve they will not be found in our 
 Council." The Marathas have seized Captains Banks and 
 Bonnevaux while these officers were on their way from Englatid 
 via Basra with despatches. Stephen Sulivan, who came out 
 to Madras about 1778 as Secretary and Persian Translator, 
 informs Palk (No. 339) that his health is as good " as when I 
 ■* partook of red mullets with you in Devonshire." He finds the 
 emoluments of the secretaryship insufficient to meet the high 
 cost of living at the Presidency, and has asked his father to 
 obtain for him a seat in Council or the post of Resident at 
 Tan j ore. He thinks that Laurence Sulivan is wrong in his 
 favourable estimate of Walajah's character. He himself con- 
 siders the Nawab artful, ambitious and ungrateful, and says 
 that Macphcrson will have difficulty in proving him otherwise. 
 About this time Robert Palk must have relaxed his displeasure 
 with his nephew, for George Baker writes in February, 1780 
 (No. 340), that Tom Palk "is made happy by your kind remem- 
 brance of him." Baker sends his letter by a private hand via 
 Suez, but fears it may fail to reach its destination, as " it is very 
 doubtfull whether (after what has past) an Englishman may be 
 suffered to pass unmolested through Egypt with a packet." 
 He adds that Sir Edward Hughes " is the same good man as 
 ever," and that Palk's nephew, Richard Welland, who is " a 
 charming youth, modest, manly and discreet," has been 
 commissioned a lieutenant. 
 
 As has been noticed, the letters in the Palk collection from the 
 beginning of 1777 are few in number. Between February, 1780, 
 and February, 1784, only a single communication from India is 
 foimd. The hiatus is unfortunate, as many notable events 
 occurred in the interval, particularh^ in Madras. Since the 
 blank period coincides with the duration of the second Mysore 
 war, the surmise is hazarded that the letters of the time may have 
 been handed to some historian or other interested person, who 
 failed to return them. The following outline of events will 
 serve to transport the reader across the gap without giving him 
 too severe a jolt. 
 
 The escape of Raghoba from the clutches of Mahadaji 
 Sindia and his junction with Goddard prompted the Marathas 
 to propose alliance with Haidar and the Nizam, and a powerful 
 confederacy was formed, which had for its object the expulsion 
 of the English from India. Haidar was to attack Fort St. 
 George through the Carnatie; Nizam Ali to invade the Cirears; 
 Mudaji of Berar to enter Bengal ; Sindia and Holkar were to 
 dispose of Colonel Goddard, while the Poona Ministers dealt 
 with Bombay. Goddard, however, proved too strong for his 
 adversaries ; Major Popham took by assault Sindia's rock 
 
1 
 
 fortress of Gwalior, deemed impregnable ; Hastings converted 
 the Raja of Berar from a foe to a friend, and detached Nizam 
 Ah from the confederacy by ordering the restoration of Guntur 
 to Basalat Jang. There remained the implacable Haidar. 
 Whitehill and his Council, blind to portents and deaf to warnings, 
 took no measures of security. On the 20th July, 1780, Haidar 
 issued from the pass of Changama with 90,000 men. An 
 advanced party seized Porto Novo : another raided San Thome 
 and the suburbs of the capital. For 50 miles round Madras 
 and 1.5 round Vellore the country was devastated. The British 
 army assembled at Conjeveram under Sir Hector Munro, who 
 directed Colonel William Baillie to join him with a force from 
 Guntiir. When near Conjeveram Baillie was intercepted by 
 Tipu at Polilur, and his detachment was annihilated. Munro 
 retreated to Madras harassed by the enemy. Stephen Sulivan 
 was deputed to Bengal to entreat help. Hastings immediately 
 sent Eyre Coote to take command at Madras, and a force was 
 despatched under Colonel Thomas Deane Pearse to march down 
 to the Carnatic through Ganjam. Coote reached Fort St. George 
 on the 5th November, bearing orders for the suspension of 
 Whitehill for disobedience in failing to restore Guntiir ; and 
 Charles Smith, the senior Councillor, became provisional 
 Governor. 
 
 Coote took the field in January, 1781, relieved Wandewash, 
 which had been gallantly defended by Lieut. William Flint, and 
 on the 1st July defeated Haidar in a pitched battle at Porto 
 Novo. Early in August he was joined by Pearse's Bengal 
 contingent, and on the 15th he worsted the enemy at Polilur, 
 the scene of Bailhe's disaster. After a further success at 
 Sholingarh he relieved Vellore, defended by Colonel Ross Lang. 
 Lord Macartney, who arrived as Governor of Madras on the 
 22nd June, 1781, brought news of war between England and 
 Holland. Munro, with the co-operation of Hughes's squadron, 
 took Negapatam in October. The other Dutch settlements 
 on the coast, Tuticorin, Sadras, Pulicat and Bimlipatam, Avere 
 also captured. The Dutch port of Trincomalee in Ceylon was 
 taken by Hughes early in 1782, but was surrendered to a French 
 naval force six months later. In January, 1782, Eyre Coote 
 had an apoplectic seizure, but continued to command. Shortly 
 afterwards Colonel Brathwaite sustained a severe reverse in 
 Tanjore. A French fleet under Admiral Suffren appeared on 
 the coast, and was repeatedly, though indecisively, engaged by 
 Hughes. Bombay troops operated in Malabar, and Haidar 
 was preparing to evacuate the Carnatic when the landing in 
 March of a substantial French force at Porto Novo induced 
 him to change his plans. Cuddalore surrendered to Tipu and 
 the French in April. SufCren earned lasting obloquy by 
 delivering to Haidar at Cuddalore in June the British crews 
 of his prizes. 
 
 The cost of the war drained the Company's treasuries in the 
 
li 
 
 three Presideneies. In 1781 Walajah sent his Diwan, aeeoni- 
 panied by Riehard Snhvan, to Calcutta, where an agreement 
 was concluded on the 2nd April by which the Nawab assigned 
 the whole of his rev^enues to the Company for the period ol" the 
 war. At a later date Macartney objected to relinquish the 
 assigimient, and on this and other grounds there was friction 
 between him and Hastings, Chait Sing, tributary Raja of 
 Benares, refusing to aid with supplies, Hastings visited his 
 capital in August, 1781, and after a rising in which the Governor 
 General narrowh* escaped Avith his life, deposed the Raja. 
 Hastings next effected a settlement with the young Nawab 
 of Oudh. On the death of Shuja-ud-daula in 1775, his son 
 Asaf-ud-daula had succeeded as ruler, but the old man's treasure 
 was seized by his mother and widow, the Begams of Oudh, whose 
 claims were recognized by the majority in the Bengal Council. 
 In September, 1781, Hastings reversed their decision, compelled 
 the Begams to make restitution, and thus enabled Asaf-ud-daula 
 to discharge his debt to the Company. 
 
 On the 17th May, 1782, Hastings concluded with Sindia, as 
 the representative of the Maratha federation, the Treaty of 
 Salbai, by which the possession of Salsette was guaranteed to 
 the English, Raghoba was pensionecl, and the son of Narayan 
 Rao was acknowledged as Peshwa. Haidar had now no friends 
 but the French. Munro resigned and sailed for England. 
 Coote, worn out, returned to Bengal in September. The 
 command devolved on General James Stuart, who had lost a 
 leg at the second battle of Polilur. In December Haidar died 
 of carbuncle at Chittoor. 
 
 Meanwhile Bombay had rendered help. In January, 1782, 
 Major Abington won success at Tellicherry, and Colonel Humber- 
 stone, after reducing Calicut, inflicted a further defeat on the 
 Mysore forces in April. Towards the end of the year General 
 Richard Mathews, formerly of the Madras army but now 
 commanding in Malabar, took Honavar and marched to Bednur, 
 which he occupied without resistance in January, 1783. Manga- 
 lore fell to the British a Uttle later. These successes brought 
 Tipu from Coromandel to Malabar. Bednur, which he besieged 
 with his whole army, surrendered on the 3rd May. The garrison, 
 in breach of terms, was sent to Seringapatam, where INIathews 
 died in confmement. Tipu then invested Mangalore, which 
 was defended by Colonel John Campbell of the 42nd Highlanders. 
 Sir Eyre Coote arri\ed once more at IMadras on the 24th April, 
 1783, but succumbed to illness three days later. Stuart 
 unsuccessfully attacked Bussy at Cuddalore in June, but 
 hostilities with the French ceased on the 2nd July after news had 
 been received of the conclusion of peace in Europe. The British 
 commander, who had shown insubordination to the Madras 
 Government, was dismissed the Conipany's service, and on his 
 attempting to give orders to the King's troops, was arrested by 
 Macartnc}- and forcibly deported. This proceeding prompted 
 
lii 
 
 Amir-ul-Umara's mot, " Once General Stuart catch one I^ord, 
 now one Lord catch General Stuart." The command of the 
 Madras army then devolved on General Ross Lang, a Company's 
 officer. Colonel William Fnllarton operated successfully against 
 Tipu's possessions in Dindigul and Coimbatore, and at length the 
 Mysore ruler consented to negotiate for peace. The Com- 
 missioners, Anthony Sadleir, George Staunton and John 
 Hudleston, left Madras in November, 1783, but their passage 
 through Mysore was artfidly checked until INIangalore was 
 starved into surrender in the following January after a gallant 
 defence by Campbell for nine months against Tipu's main army. 
 On arriving at their destination the Commissioners found three 
 gibbets erected opposite their respective tents. They were 
 loaded with contumely, but at length, on the 11th March, 1784, 
 the Treaty of ]Mangalore was signed, which pro\ided for the 
 release of captives and nuitual restitution of conquests. The 
 survivors of the prisoners at Seringapatam and other places, 
 to the number of about 1,150 British and 3,000 sepoys, were 
 restored. 
 
 From 1784 the series of Indian letters to Sir Robert Palk, 
 who had been created a baronet in 1782, reconmiences. There 
 is however an isolated letter of 1783 (No. 343) from Henry 
 Preston, a Bengal cadet and one of Palk's many proteges, who 
 landed at Madras after a voyage of only 4 months and 10 days. 
 He mentions the death of Haidar Ali and of Sir Eyre Coote, as 
 well as a recent naval engagement between Hughes and Suffren. 
 Besides this comnumication there is a batch of documents 
 relating to the homeward voyage of Robert Palk, jun., his 
 death during the passage, and the difficulties encounted in 
 delivering his effects to his relations in England. These papers 
 deserve notice as illustrating the conditions of travel of the 
 period, 
 
 Robert Palk, jun., after suffering several seizures of an 
 epileptic character, was advised by the Calcutta doctors to go 
 to England. Passage was taken for him in the Surprise, 
 conmiander David Ascjuith. a coimtry ^ cssel owned by Colonel 
 Watson of Calcutta, and bound for Limerick with a packet for 
 the Company. Dr. Adam Burt was specially engaged by 
 Government to attend the sick man during the voyage. The 
 ship carried only one other passenger, Major John McGowan, 
 who had accompanied Colonel Pearse's Bengal contingent to 
 Madras and scr\ed at the second battle of Polilur. The Si(rj)rise 
 sailed from Calcutta early in April, 1783. Dr. Burt supplies 
 (No. 342) Palk's medical case, and records a diary of events, 
 symptoms and treatment until the death of his patient on the 
 20th May. The deceased's '' bureau and escritoire " were 
 opened by the captain in the presence of Dr. Burt and Major 
 McCiowan, and an inventory was made of the money and 
 jewellery found therein. Captain Asquith, however, removed 
 all papers. 
 
Oil the lOth September the Surpriftc anehored in tlic I'ort of 
 liinieriek. 20 miles l)el()W the town. Dr. Burt, ignorant of Sir 
 Robert Palk's name and address, wrote a letter to his own agents, 
 Messrs. Webster of Leadenhall Street, reporting the oeenrrenees 
 of the voyage for the information of the relatives oi"the deceased 
 (No. 341-). He alludes to the impropriety of Captain Asquith's 
 eojiduct, especially in regard to the abstraction of papers, 
 mentions that two servants of Robert Palk, a European and a 
 BengaH, are on board, and proposes to remain at Limerick 
 until he receives instructions how to act. At the same time 
 Dr. Hurt entrusted to Major McGowan, who intended to seek 
 out Falk's relations, a memorandum (No. 345) for their infor- 
 mation, together with an inventory of effects. In the former 
 he mentions that Robert Palk, notAvithstanding that he had 
 paid Rs. 10,000 for his passage, was constrained by the captain, 
 after the ship had sailed, to promise a further sum of Rs. 1,500 
 for the passage of the doctor. Burt advises that any claim 
 made for this sum should be resisted, because he, at the captain's 
 request, attended the sick of the shij)'s company and thus 
 became entitled to free passage. Dr. Burt adds that the captain 
 and officers throughout the voyage subsisted exclusively on 
 the stores brought on board by the two passengers, and especially 
 on Palk's ample supplies. The list of those stores comprises 122 
 chests containing provisions in great variety, wines, spirits and 
 cigars, with a moderate quantity of plate, saddlery, clothing and 
 books. His live stock embraced 30 sheep, 10 hogs, 5 deer, 12 
 turkeys, 26 geese, 30 ducks and 220 fowls. An inventory of 
 the money and jewellery found in the bureau is also given. 
 
 About the same time Captain Asquith wrote (No. 346) to Sir 
 Robert Palk in Bruton Street, reporting his nephew's death, 
 the particulars of which are to be communicated verbally by 
 the chief mate, John Nimmo, who carries the Company's packet 
 to liOndon, Asquith also alludes to the promise of payment 
 of Rs. 1,500 for Burt's passage. After hearing from Sir Robert 
 Dr. Burt writes early in October (No. 348) explaining 
 Asquith's solicitude about the deceased's papers. Asquith had 
 lately commanded a \essel chartered from Bengal to Madras 
 and insured with Robert Palk and others. For private reasons 
 the captain took his ship down to Trincomalee, where she was 
 captured and condemned as a prize, the loss falling on the owners. 
 After j-)ossessing himself of Palk's papers on board the Surprise 
 Asquith hinted that a claim against the underwriters might 
 be revived. Burt reports that all the effects are now in securit}', 
 and adds that the captain threatened to flog Palk's European 
 servant for refusing to relincjuish his original list of stores. 
 
 The papers and valuables were ultimately handed to Dr. 
 13urt (No. 351). The agent for the ship refused to carry the 
 baggage round to London, and the doctor, after making formal 
 protest, landed the cases, 82 in number, and delivered them 
 sealed to Sexton Baylie, the Surveyor of Customs. Burt was 
 
liv 
 
 assisted by Captain Sober Hall, of Limerick, who was known 
 to Sir Robert. Hall suggested (No. 352) that Palk should 
 obtain an order from the Treasury to the Commissioners of 
 Customs to allow the cases to be reshij^ped on another vessel 
 for London without examination. The day following the 
 deposit of the baggage Burt found most of the seals broken. 
 Baylie, declaring that he would open everything, went off to 
 Dublin to lay an information before the Commissioners based 
 on statements made by the ship's agents regarding the contents 
 of the cases (No. 357). The doctor engaged a local attorney, 
 Henry McMahon, to watch Palk's interest, and himself posted 
 to London. Sir Robert being absent, probably in Devonshire, 
 Bm-t left the papers and valuables at his house in Bruton Street 
 on the 31st October, with a report of progress. 
 
 Meanwhile Baylie, on his return from Dublin, made a seizure 
 of the effects. McMahon ascertained that the Seizing Note, 
 though filed on the 3rd November, was dated 15th October, so 
 as to ensure the lapse of the legal interval for making a claim 
 before Sir Robert could submit one. McMahon himself tendered 
 a claim, which was rejected, and he then petitioned the Cf>m- 
 missioners. He suggests that Sir Robert should approach 
 Mr. Pery, Speaker of the Irish House of Commons and a 
 connection of Baylie's, who might curb the Surveyor's pestilent 
 activities (Nos. 358, 361). Time was granted by the Com- 
 missioners, and Sober Hall remarks (No. 363), " Thus far is Mr. 
 Bailie disappointed, who flattered himself with the notion of 
 accelerating matters so as to have the goods condemned and 
 sold before there would be cither a claim or tryal." The 
 Surveyor, howe\'er, " broke open every chest and package 
 belonging to Mr. Palk, rummaged and tossed the whole of his 
 effects " (No. 365). Dr. Burt in London made an affidavit 
 before the Lord Mayor of the circumstances under which the 
 goods were landed and delivered to Baylie (No. 366). The 
 Surprise sailed for London early in November, carrying Palk's 
 Indian servant. 
 
 Not until the middle of January- Avere the effects released 
 and sent to Dubhn in charge of the Euroj^can servant, William 
 Young (No, 369). George Maunsell, the Collector of Limerick, 
 writes to Sir Robert (No. 370) that he has settled Baylie's account 
 for WL. accepting a bill drawn by Young on Thomas Maunsell 
 of Dul)lin. The last luuiied will forward the goods to Londtni. 
 Thomas Maunsell, who had been in 1757 an agent for the army 
 in Bengal and was a friend of Sir Robert's, reports early in 
 February that William Young was, during his journey from 
 liimerick. " taken up on a suspicion of being a highway man 
 and brought before a magistrate. Young stated in examination 
 that he had drawn a bill for 10/. on Thomas Maunsell. The 
 magistrate, Luke Flood, wrote for confirmation to Maunsell, 
 who by good fortune was staying weatherbound in the vicinity. 
 Young was in due course discharged, " but lost his pistols by 
 
Iv 
 
 the \ illuiii y ol" the people." The weapons were eventually 
 recovered. By the middle of February Maunsell obtained an 
 order for the effects, which had been deposited in the Dublin 
 Custom House, to be shipped for London in charge ol' William 
 Voung. 
 
 Indian letters to Sir Robert I'alk from the termination of the 
 second Mysore war down to the end of 1780 have been preserved. 
 The princi])al correspondents are, in the Southern l^residcncy, 
 Tom Palk, l*eiling <k de Fries, (icorge Baker and the faithful 
 Chokappa : and in Bengal, Henry Vansittart, jmi., Thomas 
 Abraham and Abraham VVelland. 
 
 Writing in February, 178t, Tom Palk, who is now Paymaster 
 at Trichinopoly, states (No. 372) that after the restoration to 
 Ti])u of Palghat, a strong place captured ))y Colonel Fullarton 
 in the preceding November, the garrison was attacked by a 
 tributary poligar and sustained considerable loss. In September 
 Chokappa alludes (No. .378) to the conclusion of peace, and the 
 return of the Commissioners from Mangalore ; while George 
 Baker announces (No. 377) that the hnal settlement with Tipu 
 has been completed l)y his delivery of the forts of Satgarh and 
 Ambur in return for Dindigul. Colonel Pearse's contingent, 
 with which Captain John Keimaway is serving, is in Ganjam 
 on its march back to Bengal. Cuddalore and Trincomalee are 
 still held by the French, wdiile the British retain Pondicherry. 
 The delay in transfer was due to a contention by the French that 
 their cession of Trincomalee was to be only formal, pending its 
 innnediate restoration to the Dutch. This view was disputed, 
 and the matter was referred to the home authorities. Baker 
 adds that money is scarce in Madras, and that the pay of both 
 civil and military servants is in arrear. Reform in the system 
 of government is grcatlv needed. " God send that that which 
 may be adopted may be perfect in proportion to the great 
 length of time that has been bestowed on the investigation of 
 the subject." John Sulivan, Resident at Tanjore, who is about 
 to retire, is said to have made a large fortune by providing stores 
 for the army during the war. Baker alludes also to Hastings's 
 tour in the provinces to settle the affairs of Oudh. At Lucknow 
 the Governor (iencral met the Mogid's eldest son, who had 
 escaped thither from Delhi to entreat British assistance for his 
 father. The aid which Hastings was disposed to give was 
 vetoed by the Council. 
 
 Chokappa reports (No. 378) that Lord Macartney is in dis- 
 agreement with the Supreme (iovermiient regarding the Nawab's 
 affairs, and on bad terms with Walajah himself; "but his 
 Lordship is very honest and do[es] not receive any present nor 
 allowance from any body." The Nawab complains })itterly 
 (No. 379) of the (Governor's attitude, declaring that " Lord 
 Macartney has brought utter ruin upon all the affairs of his 
 employers." Large sums from Carnatie revenues have, he 
 asserts, })een dissipated, for particulars of which Sir Robert Palk 
 
Ivi 
 
 is referred to James Macpherson, who had become Walajah's 
 agent in England on the nomination of his cousin John 
 Macpherson to the Supreme Council. The Nawab has a special 
 grievance about the transfer of certain territory to the French. 
 The recent treaty between England and France provided that 
 the village lands of Villenour and Bahour should be ceded to 
 Pondicherry. Walajah unwillingly assented, but is aggrieved 
 that the actual transfer was made by the Governor without any 
 recognition of the Nawab's ownership. Macartney, he says, 
 claimed sovereign rights, but even Bussy, an enemy, declined 
 to accept the Governor's contention. 
 
 Early in ITS^ Tom Palk's eldest son Tom was sent home to 
 the care of Sir Robert, the sum of Fags. 500 being paid for his 
 passage (No. 372). In October his mother hopes (No. 381) that 
 he has safely arrived. She would like a portrait of him sent 
 out. The next child, Catharine, aged four, will go to England 
 by the next opportimity. When the time comes for Robert, 
 the youngest, to follow, he will, she trusts, be accompanied by 
 his parents. She refers to " the loss of our valuable brother " 
 in the Surprise. Her letter occupied a year in transit owing 
 to delay in despatch of the ship Pigot. Tom Palk writes at 
 the same time (No. 382) that the Supreme Council do not 
 entirely approve of the Treaty of Mangalorc, because the Nawab 
 is not a party to it, and they have desired the Madras Select 
 Committee to negotiate for a revision. The present Government 
 of P^ort St. George, he says, " gives general dissatisfaction and 
 disgust." 
 
 George Baker reports (Nos. 383, 388) the existence of a 
 nuitinous spirit in the army due to 7ion-issue of arrears of pay 
 and threatened withdrawal of batta. The pay of the Company's 
 troops was in fact twelve months behind time. Batta, drawn 
 by both King's and Company's forces, was to cease in part from 
 the 1st October, ITS-t, and wholly three months later. In 
 September the 36th Regiment took up arms, but submitted 
 after a ringleader had been blown from a gun. In January, 
 1785, the 52nd Foot nuitinied at Foonamallce. Baker considers 
 that but t'or the suspension of the obnoxious orders regarding 
 batta a General nmtinv would have occurred. The bulk of 
 the army was at Arcot imder Brig-(ieneral Matthew Home. 
 The King's officers having complained of the Commandant's 
 pi'ivilege of selling arrack to the troops, it was ruled that luture 
 su])ph"es should be made by contract ; and Home was trans- 
 ferred to the Southern command. At a meeting of the Select 
 Committee in September. 178 1-, a personal dispute arose 
 between tlie (Tov(>rnor and Anthony Sadleir. Sadleir challenged 
 Macartney, and a duel with pistols ensued, in which Macartney 
 was wounded, though not severely. Baker adds that Thomas 
 Abraham, a connection of Sir Robert Palk, has arrived at 
 Madras on his way to liengai. His ship " has been remarkably 
 healthy, haveing not buryed a man since she left P^ngland." 
 
Ivii 
 
 The same coiTespondent writes in January that a copy of 
 Pitt's India Bill has been received. Lord Macartney waits to 
 hear that the bill has been passed before deciding to depart or 
 not. but he keeps a vessel ready. Baker mentions the sudden 
 death at Pondielierry of tlie Marquis de Bussy, wbieh occurred 
 on the 7th January. " A small American shij) (the first 
 belonging to the United States) from Fhyladelphia arrived at 
 Pondicherry on the 'i()th of last month. The Captain and 
 supracargoe lunc been here, and are just gone back to tluit 
 })lace." 
 
 Orders were receixed from the Supreme (ioxcrmuent in 
 January, 1785, for the mutual rendition, as between the British, 
 French and|Dutch, of places taken- during the war, and Charles 
 Floyer was appointed Englisli Commissary for the transfer, 
 Pondicherry and Cuddalore were restored at once (No. 389). 
 Pelling it de Fries'[report in June (No. 400) that Trincomalee 
 has been dehvered to the Dutch, who, however, have not yet 
 taken possession of their coast factories owing to their war with 
 the Malays. The Dutch power is considered to be on the 
 dechne. The French are limiting themselves to commerce, 
 keep only a small garrison at Pondicherry and make no attempt 
 to rccoiistruct the defences. 
 
 The deplorable effects of the war are noticed by several 
 correspondents. George Baker writes in October, 1784 (No. 
 383), that the Carnatic is desolated, depopulated, uncultivated 
 and deprived of its manufactures, while its stock of cattle is 
 exhausted. Tom Palk says in the following May (No. 390) that 
 " from the Colleroon to Arcot the country is almost laid waste 
 from the want of inhabitants to cultivate." The cost of the 
 war fell heavily on all the Presidencies. In Madras the Govern- 
 ment could not meet the salaries of their ci\il servants or the 
 pay of the army. The troops were mutinous. Money was 
 scarce and credit low. William Wvnch writes earlv in 1785 
 (No. 390), ■' It is now with the greatest difficulty even a 
 trifling l(^an can be obtained from a black man." Arrears of 
 salary are paid in bills, which are at 50 per cent, discount, yet 
 Lord jNIacartney draws his full stipend in coin. " Nothing but 
 the most disagreeable cireumstances have attended us lately, 
 duels, dissensions in Covmcil, and mutiny among the King's 
 troops." Pelling & de Fries report in June (No. 400) that the 
 Company's debt in India is upwards of seven millions sterling, 
 to clear which not less than fifteen years of peace are needed. 
 The Compain's ])()nds stand in Madras at 40 per cent, discount, 
 in Bengal at 25 per cent., and in Bombay, where no interest 
 has been paid for four years, at 70 per cent. Tom Palk alludes 
 (No. 401) to the distressed condition of the sepoys at Triehin- 
 opoly : " Believe me, Sir, I have seen the native troops 
 perishing in the streets, selling their children for a rupee, and 
 it is not a month ago that thcv were begging about the canton- 
 ments almost in the same condition." 
 
Iviii 
 
 In Bengal salaries were ruthlessly cut down. Abraham 
 Welland writes in December, 1785 (No. 407), that Richard 
 Kennaway's monthly income is reduced from Rs. 2,000 to 
 Rs. 500, while his own modest stipend has been diminished by 
 Rs. 400. Many civil servants have resigned ; some to reside 
 at the foreign settlements of Serampore, Chinsurah and Chander- 
 nagore, where living is cheap ; others to return to Europe. 
 The commander of one Indiaman has received no less than a 
 lakh and a half of rupees for passenger fares alone. Welland 
 adds that a petition to the House of Commons is being drawn 
 up at Calcutta protesting against certain clauses of the India 
 Act of 1784. A year earlier the same correspondent was 
 discoursing (No. 380) to his uncle Sir Roliert on the minimum 
 number of indispensable servants. " How very much times are 
 altered since you was in India, when a person was satisfied with 
 one or two servants ! I can assure you a Writer in Bengal can not 
 now exist under an establishment of less than thirtv. The 
 goodness of jNIr. Hastings to the black people has lain us under 
 this imposition." 
 
 Henry Vansittart. jun., alludes in December, 1784 (No. 38G), 
 to his marriage in the preceding year to Catherine Powney, 
 and the birth of a son. Hastings, who returned from tour to 
 find that he had " had the misfortune to lose his only friend in 
 Council, Mr. Wheler," has announced his approaching departure 
 from India. Vansittart & Kennaway ask (No. 387) for instruc- 
 tions regarding the estate of Robert Palk, jun. The only property 
 remaining in India is a house in Calcutta worth Rs. 50,000 and 
 some Company's bonds. Palk's legacy of 2,000/. to his brother 
 Tom is set off by the latter's debt of practically equal amount. 
 Their relatives, however, subsequently consented to annul 
 this debt, as well as one incurred by Abraham Welland to 
 extricate his brother Richard from difficulties due to extrava- 
 gance (Nos. 414, 452). Rawson Hart Boddam, Governor of 
 Bombay, writes in March, 1785 (No. 394), about a debt to Sir 
 Robert Palk from the estate of the late E. V. Lane. He deplores 
 the departure of Hastings, and observes that the recent 
 reductif)n of the Council to a Governor, two civilians and the 
 Conunandcr-in-Chicf affects the prospects of the senior servants 
 in Bombay, who would retire if they could. He adds that " the 
 late rapid progress and success that has attended Mahadjee 
 Sindia in now })cing possessed of the whole power at the Court 
 of Dillv . . . forebodes no very favoural:)lc })r()spects from so 
 able and enterprizing a genius." 
 
 Major John Shortt writes to Sir Robert from Madras (No. 391) 
 that his promotion has been stopped for some reason which he 
 is unal)lc to elicit. " I camiot charge myself with any thing 
 more than being too hospitable heretofore, which, as it has 
 proved prejudicial to my interest, I will in future study to 
 correct". Sitaram Pandit, revenue accountant of Vizagapatam, 
 draws attention (No. 392) to the persistent oppression of the 
 
I 
 
 lix 
 
 landholders of the Chieacolc Circar by the powerful and truculent 
 Zemindar Sitaram Raz, and encloses copies of petitions which 
 had been submitted to Rumbold, Macartney and Hastings. 
 Captain Francis Swain Ward, a well known Indian artist, 
 furnishes Richard Kennaway (No. 396) with a recciiDt for 
 subscription to the publication of his Views of Ilindon Temples, 
 Buildings, etc. ; while a painter of greater distinction, Ozias 
 Humphry, writes in May, 1785, from the Cape, on his way to 
 India, bemoaning the retirement of Hastings, the death of 
 Wlieler, and the departure of Sir John D'Oyly, to all of whom 
 he carried letters, and entreating Sir Robert Palk to recommend 
 him to the succeeding Governor General (No. 397). 
 
 In May, 1785, orders were received from home directing the 
 surrender of Walajah's assignment in consideration of an annual 
 payment by him of Pags. 12 lakhs on account of his debt to the 
 Company and private creditors and Pags. 4 lakhs towards 
 current charges (No. 403). Pelling & de Fries give credit to 
 Colonel John Call (No. 400) for his efforts on behalf of the 
 creditors. Lord Macartney was so dissatisfied with the Court's 
 orders that he sailed for Bengal on the 4th June, resigning from 
 Vizagapatam on the 8th. Pending the arrival of his successor, 
 the Chair was occupied by Alexander Davidson, who had Sir 
 John Balling, Commander-in-Chief, and James Daniell as his 
 Councillors. General Robert Sloper, Commander-in-Chief in 
 India, also had a seat in Council during his stay in Madras. 
 Pelling & de Fries say that Macartney's departure was accele- 
 rated by his reluctance to associate with Amir-ul-Umara, who 
 was managing the Nawab's affairs. A despatch nominating 
 Lord Macartnev Governor General reached Madras on the 16th 
 July and was forwarded at once to Calcutta, but he declined the 
 appointment and sailed for England on the 10th August (No. 
 403). John Macpherson accordingly remained in control of 
 the Supreme Government. Abraham Welland remarks of 
 Macpherson (No. 409) that " his abilities are no ways suited to 
 it, nor indeed are any of his coadjutors, particularly Mr. Stables, 
 whose head is too thick ever to cut a conspicuous figure." The 
 Madras Government, before surrendering the assignment, 
 demanded security from the Nawab for the payment of the 
 stipulated 16 lakhs of pagodas. This he was unable to furnish 
 (No. 403), but by January, 1786, he was faithfully executing 
 his contract (No. 412). Pelling & de Fries say that " the 
 distresses of individuals from not having received any part of 
 the Nabob's debt for so long a space of time are great, and affect 
 the trade and welfare of the Settlement." The Government 
 continued to be in financial difficulty ; arrears of army pay 
 were still outstanding, Com])any's bonds stood at a heavy 
 discount, and no funds were available for the Investment. The 
 writers add that James Daniell, who is retiring, will be replaced 
 in Council by Charles Floyer. Daniell was nominated by the 
 Directors to succeed the next Governor, but he sailed the dav 
 before the news reached Madras (No. 422), 
 
Ix 
 
 Not long after the conclusion of the Treaty of Mangalore 
 there were rumours of approaching trouble between Tipu on 
 one side and the Marathas and Nizam on the other (No. 383). 
 Tipu set up a claim to Bijapur in the Nizam's dominions, while 
 the Marathas, who hoped for British aid (No. 403), pressed for 
 arrears of tribute from Mysore. Felling & de Fries, writing 
 in January, 1786 (No. 412), say that Madras has had no trading- 
 intercourse with Mysore since the peace, the passes from the 
 Carnatic being jealously guarded by Tipu. A report of the 
 Sultan's death (Nos, 412, 430), sedulously spread by himself, 
 was conmionly credited, and Macpherson even despatched an 
 envoy to the supposed new ruler. Tom Falk says in March 
 (No. 431), " The Nizam and Marattoes have actually taken the 
 field with a view of attacking Tippoo, who is not dead as was 
 the general belief for two months . , . From hence you may 
 infer that we keep ourselves exceedingly ignorant of what passes 
 beyond even the walls of Madras ... I cannot penetrate 
 Tippoo's real design by feigning himself dead and keeping the 
 gates of Scringapatam shut for so long a time, which we know 
 beyond a doubt to have happened." Felling & de Fries 
 write (No. 432), " Storms brewing around us. A formidable 
 army of the Marattas . . . together with the Nizam's army 
 have crossed the Kistna and invaded Tippoo's country . . . 
 Tippoo has a very considerable force, but from his tyrannical 
 disposition don't stand so well in the affection of his subjects as 
 old Hyder did, whose political abilities were infinitely superior," 
 The same correspondents mention in June (No. 441) that the 
 Nizam had returned to Hyderabad, though his army remained 
 to co-operate with the Marathas (No. 456). Instead of directly 
 facing his enemies, Tipu made a diversion by devastating the 
 district of Adoni, which had passed to the Nizam on the death 
 of his brother Basalat Jang. Desperately defended by Muhabat 
 Jang, son of Basalat, Adoni fort was relieved by the confederates 
 at the end of June, but was inmiediatcly evacuated (No. 460). 
 Operations were then transferred to the north of the Tunga- 
 bhadra, and continued till the close of the year (Nos. 467, 469). 
 Tipu was generally successful, but he nevertheless negotiated 
 with Ilolkar for peace, and a treaty was concluded in January, 
 1787. 
 
 Daxidson continued to f)ccupy the Madras Chair pending the 
 appointment of a permanent successor to Macartney. Tom 
 Falk writes (No. 422), " liord M. is certainly very culjjable in 
 leaving the C'hair to so weak and indolent a man as fills it at 
 present, that never was capal)le of conducting even his own 
 domestick affairs." And (No. 431), " Fi\ery one is dissatisfied, 
 and looking out with the most painlii! anxiety (lor] the speedy 
 arrival of Governor Campbell." Felling & de Fries say 
 (No. 432), " We want much an able (Governor : our present 
 administration is but a feeble one." Major-Cieneral Sir Archi- 
 bald Cam])l)ell, an olTieer of the Ro}'al Engineers, who had been 
 
Ixi 
 
 Chief Engineer of Bengal, had served in North America and had 
 been Governor of Janiaiea, arrived on the 6th April, 1786, and 
 assumed eharge of the Madras (io\"ernmcnt. A few months later 
 he Avas also appointed Connnander-in-Chief of the Coast army 
 (No. 460), whereupon Sir John Bailing retm'ned to England. 
 A change was also made in Bengal, where Macpherson's rule 
 was no more acceptable to Thomas Abraham than was David- 
 son's in Madras to Thomas Palk. Abraham writes (No. 425), 
 " I see everything still goes by interest notwithstanding the late 
 Act of Parliament. I can convince you of this no better than 
 by telling you that the greatest part of the many appointments 
 that have been given away lately have been given to Scotch- 
 men." And (No, 434), " It is a Scotch Government, and very 
 few but Scotchmen get any thing." I^ord Cornwallis arrived 
 at Madras on the 22nd August, 1786, and a few days later sailed 
 for Calcutta (Nos. 456, 460), where he relieved Macpherson 
 on the 12th September (No. 461). 
 
 Henry Vansittart, jun., and Richard Kennaway, as administra- 
 tors of the Indian estate of Robert Palk, jun., bring to notice 
 the case of Simeon Droz, a Bengal civil servant, who was 
 indebted to the estate (No. 419). Droz gave Palk a bond for 
 Rs. 9,000 for the purchase from him of " a Filature or building 
 for winding silk, in the neighbourhood of Cossimbuzar," but he 
 Failed to receive possession because " Mr. Palk, holding a contract 
 for raw silk under another name with the Board of Trade, 
 continued to employ the Filature in the provision of his silk." 
 Before he sailed Palk sold the property to another person, but 
 the administrators, having no power to cancel Droz's bond, 
 which was found among the deceased's papers, refer the matter 
 to Sir Robert. Droz went home at this time, and on arri\'al 
 wrote to his friend General Caillaud (No. 453), asking him to 
 represent his case. Vansittart aimounces in August (No. 455) 
 that the estate is about to be wound up, and that he himself 
 intends to return to England. Six weeks later he was dead, a 
 victim to climate (No. 464). 
 
 During 1786 the financial situation improved steadily. Bengal 
 assisted the other Presidencies with money (No. 409), and under- 
 took to pay the King's troops in Madras (No. 432). The arrears 
 due to the Company's forces, however, continued unpaid, and 
 credit remained low, Government securities being discounted 
 at 35 to 40 per cent. Permission was then granted by the 
 Directors for the liquidation of bonds to the extent of Rs. 
 6 crores, say, six millions sterling, by bills on England at rates 
 of exchange to be settled by the Supreme Government (No. 425). 
 The rate fixed for Madras was only 7,S'. per pagoda (No. 461), 
 which Pelling S: de Fries consider will be unacceptable. The 
 measure hel])ed, however, to restore credit (No. 441). A small 
 bank established by Hastings in Calcutta in 1773 had been 
 abolished by Clavering's party, but in 1786 proposals were made 
 for a " General Bank of India " with a capital of Rs, 20 lakhs 
 
Ixii 
 
 in 100 shares, of which 75 were to be allotted to Bengal, 15 to 
 Madras and 10 to Bombay (No. 434). Felling & de Fries 
 write frequently from Madras to report that Walajah is paying 
 the kists or instalments of his annual subsidy of 16 lakhs of 
 pagodas with surprising regularity, though the Government 
 is less prompt in discharging the share due to the private 
 creditors (No. 441, etc.). A settlement with the creditors was 
 made in December, 1786, half in cash and half in bills on 
 Masuhpatam (No. 469). 
 
 Thomas Felling writes to Sir Robert Falk in 1786 (No. 433) on 
 behalf of two of his grandsons, who, on the death of their father, 
 Captain Thomas Gibson, were admitted by Hastings " Minor 
 Cadets on the Bengal Establishment." When xery young they 
 were sent to England, but were required to present themselves 
 in India at the age of 14 or be struck off the list of cadets. The 
 boys are now 16 and 15, and Felling represents that it would 
 be ruinous to their education to bring them out before 1788, 
 when he wishes them to enter the Bengal iVrmy. George Baker 
 mentions (No. 430) the settlement of a dispute about the site 
 of a new British cantonment at Sheveram, between Conjeveram 
 and Chingleput, which encroached on the Nawab's territory. 
 Davidson, Sir John Dalling, the Nawab and his son Amir-ul- 
 Umara met at the spot, an exchange of land was effected, and 
 the cantonment receixed the name of Walajabad. The barracks' 
 were abandoned in 1860 as unhealthy. Chokappa records 
 (No. 460) the formation by Sir Archibald Campbell of Boards 
 of Re^'enue and Trade, each consisting of a president and three 
 members. The Committee of Circuit continues to function. 
 
 Tom Falk had sent his eldest son Tom home in February, 
 1784, but it was not until August, 1785 (No. 401), that he was 
 able to acknowledge the receipt of news of the little boy's 
 arrival at Haldon House, and of Sir Robert's intention of 
 establishing him at the school of Ottery St. Mary. Thither 
 young Tom duly went^ and among the papers in the collection 
 is his first school bill (No. 405). His father, to whom another 
 son was born in 1785 (No. 433), prospered at Trichinopoly, and 
 remitted substantial sums to England (No. 442). In September, 
 1786, he writes (No. 457) that he has about 10,000/. at his credit, 
 besides Company's paper for Fags, 60,000. He hopes to go 
 home in January, 1788, but " fortunes are not to be made so 
 rapidly as before the war. People in my situation have never 
 made them by their em})loys, but by loans of money to the 
 country at, as you know, an high interest ; but it is no longer safe 
 to do it on any terms ; and the Nabob, since the restitution 
 of the assignment, has not practised that good old custom." 
 Considering " ni}' liaxing been 12 years without any employ, 
 and finding myself much in debt on my coming here, you will 
 not think I have been idle." Tom Falk proposed to send his 
 children Catharine and Robert to England in January, 1787, 
 under the care of his wife's sister Mrs. Lang. The family, 
 
Ixiii 
 
 accompanied by Ensign William Preston, started for Madras 
 in November (No. 465), but when within 80 miles of their 
 destination were disappointed to learn that General Ross Lang 
 had changed his mind and would not sail that season (No. 468). 
 The children probably went home with their parents a year 
 later. In 1788 Tom Palk acquired the estate of Butterford in 
 the parish of North Huish, near Totnes.*^) 
 
 With the year 1786 the Indian correspondence ceases abruptly. 
 There remain a few letters written to Sir Robert by friends in 
 England, and a number relating to a continental tour made 
 by his son Lawrence Palk. These will be briefly noticed. 
 The Rev. J. Bradford writes from Ideford (No. 443) on behalf 
 of his^^eldest son, for whom he desires a clerkship in a public 
 office or a bank. He had intended the boy to embark in trade, 
 but finds that " the premiums they expect in any reputable 
 shop are not less than four or five hundred pounds," a sum 
 which is beyond his means. The Rev. Samuel Badcock, 
 nonconformist minister of South Molton, who was a frequent 
 contributor to literary magazines, corresponded with Sir Robert 
 Palk about a proposed history of the County of Devon, which 
 he undertook to prepare. He received from Sir Robert and 
 catalogued a collection of MSS. bearing on the subject (No. 
 420), and consulted documents obtained from various sources, 
 especially from the Coffin liibrary at Portledge near Bideford 
 (No. 449). He resolved in 1786 to resign his office and enter 
 the Established Church (No. 462), and he was duly ordained. 
 The county history, which Sir Robert appears to have financed 
 (No. 470), was uncompleted at the time of Badcock's death 
 in 1788. 
 
 Sir Robert Palk's children were four in number. The two 
 elder, Anne and Lawrence, were born in India and brought home 
 when very young by their parents. Catherine and Emelia 
 were born in England in 1768 and 1774, and died at the ages 
 of 14 and 12 respectively. Lawrence Palk appears, judging 
 from allusions in the correspondence, to have been educated 
 at Oxford. In 1785, when he was 19 years old, his father 
 determined to send him abroad to " supply the want of study 
 at home, and to teaclr him to be a good citizen " (No. 447). 
 A Swiss gentleman named D'lvernois was chosen to accompany 
 and advise the young man, and to regulate his expenditure. 
 From an account|rendered in March, 1786 (No. 429), it appears 
 that the tour began" in July, 1785, and that a Mr. Beeke 
 (probabl}^ the Rev. Henry Beeke, Fellow of Oriel) travelled 
 with Lawrence and D'lvernois to Switzerland, visiting Neuchatel 
 St. Gall, Constance and Berne. Beeke then returned to England, 
 while the other two established themselves for the winter at 
 Neuchatel, whence l)oth corresponded frequently with Sir 
 Robert Palk, D'lvernoisVriting always in French. The earliest 
 letter preserved is of December, 1785 (No. 406), in which 
 
 (1) History of Devonshire, Lysons, 1822. 
 
 El 
 
Ixiv 
 
 Lawrence expresses pleasure at his eldest sister's engagement 
 to Sir Bourchier Wrey, reports his own progress in the French 
 language, and alludes to indisposition following dental treat- 
 ment. Six weeks later D'lvernois gives details (No. 415) of 
 the singular operation performed on Lawrence by an itinerant 
 dentist, by which, after two overcrowded teeth had been 
 extracted, one of them was cut to shape and replaced. 
 D'lvernois hints (No. 408) that his charge finds life at Neuchatel 
 too comfortable, and that his association with a Mr. Spencer, 
 who is staying in the same house as themselves, distracts his 
 attention from his studies. Sir Robert is therefore urged to 
 direct an early move to Germany, and to provide recommenda- 
 tions for the Courts of Dresden, Berlin and Vienna. Spencer 
 returned to England in February, 1786, his friend accompanying 
 him as far as Besan9on (No. 417). liawrence showed unwilling- 
 ness to leave Neuchatel, where he received much attention 
 from the residents and made many friends. Early in March 
 he writes to his father (No. 427), lamenting his sister Emelia's 
 illness. Regarding himself he says, evidently in reply to an 
 admonition, " I willingly promise that I never will propose 
 to any lady to whom either you or my mother object ; and 
 your goodness to me upon every occasion makes me flatter 
 myself that you would not wish to oblige me to make choice 
 of one that I do not approve. Your fortune is certainly of 
 your own acquiring, and I would not wish to have the least 
 share of it if you have the least reason to imagine I do not 
 deserve it." 
 
 After a farewell ball given by Ijawrence to Neuchatel society 
 
 in acknowledgment of hospitality received, D'lvernois, whose 
 
 sisters came over from Geneva to attend it, announces (No. 429) 
 
 that a move to Vienna will be possible early in April. He 
 
 considers that by the time Lawrence returns to England he 
 
 will be able to speak French " if not like Mr. Spencer without 
 
 accent, at any rate sufficiently well for an ambassador, the 
 
 standard generally aimed at by young Englishmen." In 
 
 April Lawrence Palk writes from Constance (No. 435), whence 
 
 they are about to start for Munich en route to Vienna. He 
 
 alludes to his sister's marriage to Sir Bourchier Wrey, which 
 
 took place on the 14th March, and expresses regret at leaving 
 
 Neuchatel, where he had met Colonel Abraham Bonjour, an 
 
 old acquaintance of Sir Robert's, and had received kindness 
 
 from the sister of the late Colonel Des Plans. Des Plans died 
 
 at Madras in 1772, leaving his property to his widow and two 
 
 daughters, with remainder to his sister. The daughters died, 
 
 and the widow married again. On her dcatli in 1776, her second 
 
 husband took possession, and his claim was confirmed by the 
 
 Mayor's Court. The sister hopes that Sir Robert may be able 
 
 to represent her case to the authorities in India, and Lawrence 
 
 encloses a copy of Des Plans' will with an explanator}^ 
 
 memorandum. He goes on to mention the existence of a 
 
Ixv 
 
 colony of Genevans established at Constance, engaged in the 
 industries of watchmaking and enamelling. " The tyraimy of 
 the aristocrats ever since the late revolution, and the means 
 they employ to oppress the natives have rendered Geneva 
 disgusting to its inhabitants." The Emperor encourages the 
 colonists, granting them not only religious freedom but actual 
 autonomy. 
 
 Not until the travellers reach Vienna does D'lvernois divulge 
 the real cause of Lawrence Palk's reluctance to quit Neuchatel 
 after his protracted stay of six months (No. 436). The youth 
 had become enamoured of a young lady who was both esteemed 
 and attractive. She returned his affection, and her parents 
 offered encouragement. The final interviews were of a heart- 
 rending character, but Lawrence resisted the temptation to 
 make any promise. D'lvernois says that his own previous 
 silence on the subject was due to fear of alarming Sir Robert 
 unnecessarily ; but the father probably had some inkling of 
 what was in progress, as he appears to have delivered to his 
 son in February a homily on marriage. 
 
 By the beginning of June Lawrence finds Vienna dull (Nos. 
 437, 438), the Emperor having gone to Luxembourg, and the 
 nobles retired to their country properties. He frequently 
 visits Prince Kaunitz, "the Oracle of Vienna," whom he 
 admires and appreciates as a great politician, and he has been 
 received by the Countess of Thun and by the Russian 
 Ambassador. The travellers then make an excursion into 
 Hungary, visiting the seat of Prince Esterhazy and appreciating 
 the Belvidere in his gardens " as being entirely different from 
 the German taste, who admires nothing but what is entirely 
 covered with gilding and awkward ornaments." They went 
 on to Prcsburg, " an ugly, ill-built town," whose castle was 
 occupied by 600 young men preparing for the church. Here 
 it was that the late Empress, Maria Theresa, presented her 
 infant son, the present Emperor Joseph II., to the Hungarians, 
 who swore to defend him. " Little did they think that the 
 child would one day prove their greatest oppressor." After 
 a few days' stay with the Countess de Friez at Feslau, near 
 Vienna (No. 439), the travellers started for Berlin towards the 
 end of June, halting at Leipzig to visit the seat of Prince Leopold 
 of Anhalt-Dessau. 
 
 At Berlin, where they had an introduction to the British 
 Ambassador, Lord Dalrymple, afterwards Earl of Stair, they 
 tind that the King of Prussia, Frederick the Great, is in poor 
 health and unable to see strangers (No. 444). He remains at 
 Potsdam with a chosen party of his generals (No. 446). 
 Lawrence and his mentor were presented to the Queen and 
 princes, and dined with the Crown Prince at Potsdam (No. 447). 
 Towards the end of August the King was seriously ill and unable 
 to move without assistance. His demise may give rise to 
 trouble, for " the Emperour has his eyes continually fixed on 
 
Ixvi 
 
 Silesia, keeps his troups in readiness, and waits only for that 
 event to attempt the conquest of that province which has been 
 so unjustly ravished from him." The Prussian forces are 
 strong, but unless the new king increases their pay " it is feared 
 that nearly half his army will desert upon the first breaking 
 out of a war." 
 
 Quitting Berlin, the travellers proceeded at the end of July 
 to Brunswick and Hanover. At the former place they were 
 received by the Duchess, sister of George III (No. 448), and at 
 the latter dined with the Duke of York (No. 451). At Gottingen 
 they were presented to the princes, with whom they supped. 
 There they encountered some of Lawrence's Oxford friends, 
 and met Sir Isaac Heard, Garter King of Arms, who brought 
 news of Sir Robert Palk. On arriving at Wesel on the 20th 
 August (No. 454) they heard of the death of Frederick the 
 Great on the 17th and the accession of the Crown Prince as 
 Frederick Wilham II. " Notwithstanding the trouble and 
 confusion this event cannot fail of producing in every part of 
 the Prussian territories, it seems here to be the general opinion 
 that the Emperour, actually in Transylvania and far removed 
 from the frontiers of Silesia, will not strike a blow in attempting 
 to regain this part of the possessions anciently belonging to 
 his family." At Wesel Lawrence received alarming accounts 
 of the health of his mother and youngest sister. At his father's 
 request, however, he determined to continue his tour through 
 Holland and then return to England, relinquishing the original 
 intention of making a prolonged stay in Paris. 
 
 His final letter is written from the Hague on the 8th September, 
 1786 (No. 458), The British Minister, Sir James Harris, 
 afterwards Earl of Malmesbury, to whom he has a letter of 
 recommendation, is much occupied Avith " the Prince of Orange's 
 affairs, which seem to grow every day worse and worse, insomuch 
 that a civil war appears now to be almost inevitable." The 
 States have this day resolved to deprive their ruler of the 
 Stadtholdership. The Prince is supported only by Guelderland, 
 being opposed by six provinces with forces five times larger 
 than his own. His brother-in-law of Prussia has sent the Count 
 de Goertz to endeavour to effect a reconciliation. Lawrence 
 refers to news of a declaration of war by Russia on Turkey, 
 and to a rumour that Gibraltar has been sold to the Empress 
 for two millions sterling. This report he hopes is true, " as 
 it has been sufficiently proved that this fortress is of no real 
 use to us, but on the contrary puts us to a nmch greater expence 
 than we can at present afford." He has been greatly struck 
 by the prosperous condition of Holland as contrasted with the 
 miserable deserts of Westphalia, and by the wonderful neatness 
 and cleanliness of the Dutch homes. He and D'lvernois 
 propose to move to Brussels in a few days by way of Rotterdam 
 and Breda. He is glad to hear of his mother's improved health, 
 but notes that no allusion is made to his sister in his father's 
 
Ixvii 
 
 last letter. In point of fact Emelia passed away on the 1 ith 
 August, and the intelligence was doubtless withheld purposely 
 from her brother. 
 
 The picture of Lawrence Palk presented by these letters from 
 himself and D'lvernois is one of a shy and sensitive youth of 
 transparently open character, who is amiable and considerate, 
 a dutiful son, an affectionate brother and a general favourite. 
 His mother died in 1788, and his father ten years later, when 
 Lawrence Palk succeeded to the baronetcy and the Haldon 
 estates. 
 
 The editor cannot conclude this report on the Palk letters 
 without acknowledging the liberality of their owner, Mrs. 
 Bannatyne, in placing the documents at his disposal and 
 affording the most ample facilities for their examination and 
 study. He has received invaluable help in his work from Sir 
 Murray Hammick, K.C.S.I., CLE., and ^Ir. William Foster, 
 CLE. The former has kindly examined tliat part of the 
 original collection which is now preser\ed in the Manuscripts 
 Department of the British Museum, and has consulted many 
 printed books ; while the latter has not only communicated a 
 store of information from the records of the India Office and 
 from his own wide knowledge of the subjects discussed, but has 
 read and criticized the proof sheets of this work. The editor 
 is indebted also to Mr. John S. Amery for particulars of the 
 Palk family, to Mr. Demetrius C Boulger for notes on the 
 iMarathas, to ^Ir. Stephen Wheeler for information concerning 
 sundry Anglo-Indian notables, to Mr. Hugh R. Vibart for 
 research in the British Museum, and to the Rev. Frank Pennv's 
 History of the Church in Madras for details of the ecclesiastical 
 portion of Sir Robert Palk's career. 
 
 Henry Davison Love, 
 
 Colonel, R.E., retired. 
 
Ixix 
 
 LIST 
 
 OF 
 
 CALENDAKED DOCUMENTS. 
 
 
 Date. 
 
 
 From 
 
 At 
 
 Serial 
 To No. 
 
 1755, Oct. 
 
 8 
 
 Col. Stringer Lawrence 
 
 Fort St. George . . 
 
 . Admiral Charles ... 
 Watson 
 
 1 
 
 17: 
 17( 
 17( 
 
 i8, Feb. 
 )0, Nov. 
 53, Mar. 
 
 5 
 10 
 16 
 
 John Pye 
 WilUani Fergusson 
 Lord Egremont 
 
 Bombay 
 
 Ayr 
 
 Court of St. James' 
 
 . Robert Palk 
 
 3 Maj. Gen. Lawrence, 
 
 &c. 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 17f 
 
 55, Sep. 
 
 27 
 
 Fra. Salvator a Sanctis 
 
 San Thom^ 
 
 . Robert Palk 
 
 5 
 
 17( 
 
 56, April 3 
 , Oct. 18 
 , Dec. i 
 
 Nawab Walajah ... — 
 Memorandum of Miles run by ship Pacific 
 Robert James ... ... India House 
 
 . Maj. Gen. Lawrence 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 
 171 
 
 57, Jan. 
 , Feb. 
 
 18 
 25 
 25 
 15 
 
 Henry Moore ... 
 Robert Falk 
 Ensign J. Carpenter ... 
 George Vansittart 
 
 Ship Osterley 
 Ship Lord Camden 
 Trichiuopoly 
 Madras 
 
 . Robert Palk 
 
 William M. Goodlad 
 . Robert Palk 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 
 , 
 
 19 
 
 Robert Palk, jun. 
 
 Fort St. George . . 
 
 ,, 
 
 13 
 
 
 , Mar. 
 
 3 
 
 Chokappa Chetti 
 
 j» 
 
 ,, ... 
 
 14 
 
 
 1 tt 
 
 12 
 15 
 16 
 
 Mary Povvney ... 
 Muperala Kistnaiya, &c. 
 George Vansittart 
 
 Calcutta 
 
 . ,, ... 
 . ,, ... 
 ■ ,, ... 
 
 15 
 16 
 17 
 
 
 
 16 
 19 
 21 
 22 
 
 Rebecca Casamaijor .. 
 Colonel John CaU 
 
 »> • ■ * 
 Charles Bom'chier 
 
 Fort St. George . . 
 Madras 
 
 ti ... 
 
 Fort St. George .. 
 
 ,, • • . 
 ,, ... 
 II ' ' ' 
 II ' ' ' 
 
 18 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 
 
 t tf 
 
 22 
 
 William M. Goodlad ... 
 
 ,, 
 
 • 
 
 22 
 
 
 , April 3 
 
 George Vansittart 
 Chokapiaa Chetti 
 Colonel John CaU 
 
 Midnapur ... 
 Fort St. George .. 
 Madras 
 
 . Anne Palk 
 . Robert Palk 
 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 
 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 George Piu-nell... 
 Robert Palk, jun. 
 
 Fort St. George . . 
 Fort William 
 
 • II ' ' ' 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 
 ) } > 
 
 11 
 
 James Johnson 
 
 Fort St. George . . 
 
 . II • ' • 
 
 28 
 
 
 1 7> 
 
 15 
 
 John M. Stone 
 
 ,, 
 
 II • * • 
 
 29 
 
 
 f it 
 
 i it 
 
 15 
 16 
 16 
 
 John Pybus 
 Henry Brooke ... 
 WiUiamM. Goodlad ... 
 
 St. Thomas's Moun 
 Fort St. George . . 
 
 J ,, ... 
 
 ' II ' ' ' 
 
 II * * * 
 
 30 
 31 
 32 
 
 
 , Oct. 
 , Nov 
 
 30 
 4 
 
 George Smith ... 
 John Calland 
 
 >> ... 
 
 * ,, ... 
 II • • ■ 
 
 33 
 34 
 
 
 » >> 
 
 • 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 15 
 
 Muperala Kistnaiya, &c. 
 Nawab Walajah 
 Prince Amir-ul-Umara 
 Robert Palk 
 
 Spring Gardens, 
 
 Londor 
 
 II ' ' * 
 
 . Maj. Gen. Lawrence 
 
 ,, ... 
 
 William M. Goodlad 
 
 1 
 
 35 
 36 
 37 
 38 
 
 
 N.D. 
 
 
 — 
 
 — 
 
 . Editor Morning ... 
 Chronicle 
 
 39 
 
 
 i9 
 
 
 Robert Palk 
 
 Laurence Suhvan 
 
 — 
 
 . Mr. S. 
 
 . Robert Palk 
 
 40 
 41 
 
Ixx 
 
 
 Date. 
 
 From 
 
 At 
 
 S 
 To 
 
 erial 
 No. 
 
 1768, 
 
 Feb. 20 
 
 Capt. Thomas Madge . . . 
 
 Khammamett 
 
 Robert Palk 
 
 42 
 
 f> 
 
 Mar. 1 
 
 Robert Palk 
 
 — 
 
 William M. Goodlad 
 
 43 
 
 „ 
 
 „ 28 
 
 William Aldersey 
 
 Port William 
 
 Robert Palk 
 
 44 
 
 »» 
 
 Apl. 25 
 
 John Calland 
 
 Fort St. George . . . 
 
 tt • * • 
 
 45 
 
 )f 
 
 „ 28 
 
 T. Orton 
 
 Vellore 
 
 It • ' ' 
 
 46 
 
 ti 
 
 May 2 
 
 James Bourcliier 
 
 Madras 
 
 It ' ' ' 
 
 47 
 
 it 
 
 „ 7 
 
 George Smith 
 
 Fort St. George . . . 
 
 f) • • • 
 
 48 
 
 9» 
 
 „ 7 
 
 Tom Palk 
 
 Off Cape of Good 
 
 Hope 
 
 ,, 
 
 49 
 
 
 ,. 7 
 
 Rev. John Thomas 
 
 Fort St. George . . . 
 
 1 i • * * 
 
 50 
 
 *) 
 
 ,, 10 
 
 Ramakistna 
 
 ,, 
 
 1 i ' ' ' 
 
 51 
 
 »> 
 
 ,. 12 
 
 WUliam M. Goodlad ... 
 
 ,, ... ... 
 
 , , ... 
 
 52 
 
 J J 
 
 „ 19 
 
 Laurence Sulivan 
 
 Great Ormond St. 
 
 I > ... 
 
 53 
 
 >} 
 
 Sept. 6 
 
 George Vansittart 
 
 Midnapur ... 
 
 ,1 
 
 54 
 
 ft 
 
 „ 30 
 
 Tom Palk 
 
 Camp near Kolar 
 
 ft • • • 
 
 55 
 
 tf 
 
 Oct. 4 
 
 Kitoria Sloper ... 
 
 Cuddalore 
 
 it • • • 
 
 56 
 
 >> 
 
 „ 9 
 
 Jane Morse 
 
 . Fort St. George . . . 
 
 n * • ■ 
 
 57 
 
 ^j 
 
 „ 16 
 
 Capt. Thomas Madge . . . 
 
 . Samulkota 
 
 >} ... 
 
 58 
 
 a 
 
 „ 24 
 
 Lieut. Thomas Palk . . , 
 
 »j • • • 
 
 tt • • • 
 
 59 
 
 ^, 
 
 „ 27 
 
 Geoz'ge Piu'nell... 
 
 . E'ort St. George . . . 
 
 ,, ... 
 
 60 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 Nicholas Morse 
 
 ,, 
 
 a • • • 
 
 61 
 
 1768 
 
 , Nov. 1 
 
 Robert Palk 
 
 . London 
 
 WiUiam M. Goodlad 
 
 62 
 
 yi 
 
 „ 22 
 
 ,, 
 
 ,, ... ... 
 
 ,, 
 
 63 
 
 }> 
 
 Dec. 5 
 
 ,, 
 
 ,, ... ... 
 
 >> 
 
 64 
 
 1769. 
 
 , Jan. 5 
 
 George Vansittart 
 
 . On the road to 
 
 Midnapiu' 
 
 Robert Palk 
 
 65 
 
 }} 
 
 Feb. 28 
 
 Nicholas Morse 
 
 . Fort St. George . . . 
 
 n ' • • 
 
 66 
 
 >» 
 
 „ 28 
 
 Certificate of President and Council, Fort St 
 
 . George 
 
 67 
 
 » t 
 
 Mar. 9 
 
 Ramakistna 
 
 . Fort St. George • • . 
 
 Robert Palk 
 
 68 
 
 „ 
 
 „ 11 
 
 William M. Goodlad . . 
 
 ); . . . 
 
 ,, ... 
 
 69 
 
 If 
 
 ., 17 
 
 Robert Palk 
 
 . London 
 
 William M. Goodlad 
 
 70 
 
 ) » 
 
 May 16 
 
 Capt. Thomas Madge . . 
 
 . Ellore 
 
 Robert Palk 
 
 71 
 
 i> 
 
 June 1 
 
 Jane Morse 
 
 . Fort St. George . . . 
 
 »» ... 
 
 72 
 
 )9 
 
 „ 15 
 
 Josias Du Pr6 
 
 ft • • • 
 
 „ 
 
 73 
 
 j^ 
 
 „ 20 
 
 Nicholas Morse 
 
 n • " • 
 
 l» ■ • • 
 
 74 
 
 J 1 
 
 „ 27 
 
 John M. Stone 
 
 • 
 
 ,, ... 
 
 75 
 
 J J 
 
 „ 28 
 
 Nicholas Morse 
 
 a * * ■ 
 
 It ■ • • 
 
 76 
 
 *» 
 
 „ 28 
 
 Ramakistna 
 
 * Si ■ * ■ 
 
 »» ... 
 
 77 
 
 j; 
 
 „ 29 
 
 Charles Bourchier 
 
 11 * ' • 
 
 t> • • • 
 
 78 
 
 n 
 
 „ 30 
 
 William M. Goodlad .. 
 
 ti • • • 
 
 it • • • 
 
 79 
 
 11 
 
 Nov. 3 
 
 Abraham de Paiba 
 
 . London 
 
 it ' • • 
 
 80 
 
 ,, 
 
 „ 5 
 
 Robort Palk 
 
 
 
 William M. Goodlad 
 
 ' 81 
 
 »# 
 
 „ 19 
 
 Sir Robert Barker 
 
 . Calcutta ... 
 
 Robert Palk 
 
 82 
 
 f > 
 
 Dec. 3 
 
 George Vansittart 
 
 ,, ... . . . 
 
 it • • • 
 
 S3 
 
 >> 
 
 22 
 
 Robert Palk, jun. 
 
 , , . .« . . . 
 
 f, ... 
 
 84 
 
 I ; 
 
 N.D. 
 
 Plstimate of Charges of 
 
 Coast Army, &c. 
 
 
 85 
 
 1770 
 
 , Jan. 12 
 
 Lieut. Thomas Palk .. 
 
 . Kondapalli 
 
 Robert Palk 
 
 86 
 
 J, 
 
 „ 23 
 
 Robert Palk 
 
 . Spring Gardens ... 
 
 His attorneys 
 
 87 
 
 it 
 
 „ 29 
 
 Warren Hastings 
 
 . Fort St. George . . . 
 
 Robert Palk 
 
 88 
 
 it 
 
 „ 31 
 
 Tom Palk 
 
 it • ' ' 
 
 tt • • • 
 
 89 
 
 ti 
 
 Feb. 5 
 
 >> ... 
 
 >} * * * 
 
 • 
 n • • • 
 
 90 
 
 a 
 
 „ 6 
 
 William M. Goodlad .. 
 
 • 
 
 li • • • 
 
 91 
 
 t» 
 
 ., 25 
 
 Hohcrt Palk, juii. 
 
 . Ingcrlee (Ilijili) ... 
 
 It • • • 
 
 92 
 
 If 
 
 Mar. 15 
 
 Robert Palk 
 
 . London 
 
 WiUiam M. Goodlad 
 
 93 
 
Ixxi 
 
 Date. 
 
 1770, April 3 
 
 „ ,. 7 
 
 „ ., 8 
 
 N.D. 
 
 1771), June It) 
 
 „ Aug. -J 
 
 „ Sept. 5 
 
 „ « 
 
 „ Ki 
 
 „ 19 
 
 „ „ 30 
 
 ,, Oct. 1 
 
 „ 1 
 
 1 
 
 „ 4 
 
 „ 12 
 
 „ „ 12 
 
 „ 12 
 
 „ 12 
 
 „ 12 
 
 ,. 12 
 
 „ 12 
 
 „ 12 
 
 „ „ 12/13 
 
 ,, Dec. 7 
 
 „ 13 
 
 1771, Jan. 4 
 
 ., 21 
 
 „ 22 
 
 „ Feb. 2 
 
 ,. 8 
 
 .. ,> 8 
 
 ., 26 
 
 „ Mar. 14 
 
 .. 1. "^"^ 
 
 „ „ 25 
 
 „ 26 
 
 „ April 2 
 
 „ 7 
 
 „ 10 
 
 „ 17 
 
 „ May 22 
 
 June 15 
 
 „ July 21 
 
 „ Oct. 3 
 
 ,. ,,4/14 
 
 ,, Nov. 2 
 
 5 
 
 „ „ 25 
 „ 29 
 
 .. Dec. 2 
 
 From 
 Warren Hastings 
 
 William M. Goodlad 
 Laurence Sulivan 
 Ri.hort Pa Ik ... 
 C. Bazett 
 George Vansittart 
 Robert Palk, jun. 
 Alexander VVynch 
 Jane Morse 
 Nicholas Morse 
 William Jackson 
 Lieut. Thomas Palk 
 Chokappa Chetti 
 Josias Du Pr^ ... 
 
 Tom Palk 
 
 Warren Hastings 
 
 Reynolil Adams 
 Nawab W'ala.iah 
 Henry Brooke ... 
 Nicholas Morse 
 Robert D. Munro 
 John M. Stone 
 William M. Goodlad . . . 
 Ro]>ert Palk 
 
 1 1 ' ' ' 
 
 Robert Palk 
 
 Reynold Adams 
 
 Tom Palk 
 
 Ensign John Palk 
 Chokappa Chetti 
 Wilham M. Goodlad . . . 
 Tom Palk 
 
 Lieut. Thomas Palk ... 
 
 Robert Palk 
 
 Chokappa Chetti 
 Kasturi & Kesava 
 William M. Goodlad . . . 
 
 Robert Palk 
 
 Colonel Gilbert Ironside 
 
 At 
 
 Fort St. George 
 
 St. Helena 
 Calcutta . . . 
 
 Masulipatam 
 Fort St. George 
 
 Madras 
 Kondapa Hi 
 Fort St. George 
 
 Madras 
 Fort St. 
 
 George 
 
 Madras 
 
 Fort St. George 
 
 London 
 Haldon House 
 Fort St. George 
 
 Samulkota 
 Fort St. George 
 
 Ship Vansittart 
 
 Ragapatam 
 
 London 
 
 Fort St. George 
 
 London 
 Fort William 
 
 To 
 Robert Palk 
 
 William M. Goodlad 
 Robert Palk 
 
 William M. Goodlad 
 
 II • ' • 
 
 Mrs. Goodlad 
 Robert Palk 
 
 John M. Stone, &c. 
 Robert Palk 
 
 Wilham M. Goodlad 
 Robert Palk 
 
 Paragraph of General Letter from Court of Directors 
 
 Robert Palk 
 
 Henry Vansittart, jun. 
 Capt. Thomas Madge . . 
 William M. Goodlad .. 
 Henry Vansittart, jun. 
 Wilham M. Goodlad . 
 
 Madeira ... 
 
 EUore 
 
 Fort St. George . . . 
 Cape of Good Hope 
 Fort St. George . . . 
 
 Nawab Walajah 
 Robert Palk 
 
 Maj. Thomas FitzGerald Angelville 
 Capt. James Rennell ... Bengal 
 Wilham Aldersey . . . Calcutta 
 Henry Vansittart, jun. At Sea, Indian 
 
 Ocean 
 Lajtitia Ironside . . . Chilton Lodge, 
 
 Berks. 
 
 Serial 
 No. 
 
 . 91 
 
 . 95 
 
 . 96 
 
 . 97 
 
 98 
 
 99 
 
 100 
 
 101 
 
 102 
 
 103 
 
 101 
 
 105 
 
 106 
 
 107 
 
 lOS 
 
 109 
 
 110 
 
 111 
 
 112 
 
 113 
 
 114 
 
 115 
 
 116 
 
 117 
 
 lis 
 
 119 
 120 
 121 
 122 
 123 
 124 
 125 
 126 
 127 
 128 
 129 
 130 
 131 
 132 
 133 
 134 
 135 
 136 
 137 
 138 
 139 
 140 
 141 
 142 
 143 
 144 
 145 
 146 
 147 
 
 148 
 
Ixxii 
 
 
 Date. 
 
 From 
 
 At 
 
 To 
 
 Serial 
 No. 
 
 1771, Dec. 2 
 
 Robert Palk 
 
 . Haldon House 
 
 William M. Goodlad 
 
 119 
 
 ,. 17 
 1772, Jan. 25 
 
 Edmund V. Lane 
 John Crichton ... 
 
 Bombay ... 
 Canton 
 
 Robert Palk 
 
 150 
 151 
 
 
 „ 29 
 , Feb. 2 
 
 Henry Vansittart, jun. 
 Robert Palk 
 
 Bengal 
 Park Place 
 
 William M. Goodlad 
 
 152 
 153 
 
 
 „ 20 
 „ 25 
 ,. 27 
 . ■ .- 28 
 ,. 28 
 
 Anthony Goodlad 
 Josias Du Pr6 
 Reynold Adams 
 Chokappa Chetti 
 Tom Palk 
 
 Fort William 
 Fort St. George . . . 
 
 i» * ■ * ■ • * 
 II ■ ■ • 
 tt * * * 
 
 Robert Palk 
 
 II ' * • 
 tt ' • • 
 II • • • 
 tl * • 
 
 154 
 155 
 156 
 157 
 158 
 
 
 ,. 28 
 
 WUIiam M. Goodlad . . 
 
 II * * • 
 
 1 1 ' ' 
 
 159 
 
 
 „ 29 
 , Mar. 20 
 
 
 „ 
 
 II 
 
 160 
 161 
 
 
 , April 2 
 
 4 
 
 Henry Vansittart, jun. 
 John M. Stone 
 
 ti ' • ' 
 tt ' ' ' 
 
 II 
 
 »l * * ' 
 
 162 
 163 
 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 Reynold Adams 
 William M. Goodlad . . 
 
 Madras 
 
 i» ' • • 
 
 164 
 165 
 
 
 7 
 
 Robert Palk 
 
 . Park Place 
 
 William 31. Goodlad 
 
 166 
 
 
 .. 13 
 
 WiUiam M. Goodlad .. 
 
 Madras 
 
 Robert Palk 
 
 167 
 
 
 „ 13 
 
 Colonel Gilbert Ironside 
 
 i Fort William 
 
 ji 
 
 168 
 
 
 , May 27 
 
 Laiu-ence Sulivan 
 
 Queen Square 
 
 ,, . . . 
 
 169 
 
 N.D. 
 
 ft 
 
 — 
 
 II 
 
 170 
 
 N.D. 
 
 1772, Aug. 28 
 
 tt 
 Henry Vansittart, jun. 
 
 Queen Square 
 Bengal 
 
 It 
 
 n 
 
 171 
 172 
 
 
 , Sept. 2 
 , ,,27/Oct 
 
 Ensign J. Snelling 
 
 Warren Hastings 
 
 2 WilUam M. Goodlad 
 
 Jelmur, Ganjam ... 
 
 Cossimbazar 
 
 Madras 
 
 Laurence Sulivan ... 
 Robert Palk 
 
 173 
 174 
 175 
 
 
 , Sep. 30 
 , Oct. 2 
 . .. 3 
 
 John M. Stone 
 Reynold Adams 
 William M. Goodlad . . 
 
 Fort St. George . . . 
 
 II • • ' 
 II ' • • 
 
 II 
 
 tt " ' 
 
 176 
 177 
 178 
 
 
 , „ 10 
 . ., 10 
 , „ 15 
 
 Chokappa Chetti 
 
 II 
 
 John M. Stone 
 
 tt • ' • • • • 
 If • • * 
 It • • • 
 
 tt 
 Charles Bourchier ... 
 Robert Palk 
 
 179 
 180 
 181 
 
 
 , ,- 15 
 
 Josias Du Pr6 ... 
 
 ,, 
 
 II • • • 
 
 182 
 
 
 , ,. 15 
 
 Edward Cotsford 
 
 Madras 
 
 tt ' • 
 
 183 
 
 
 , Nov. 10 
 
 Tom Palk 
 
 Calcutta ... 
 
 Robert Palk 
 
 184 
 
 
 . ., 11 
 , „ 11 
 
 Warren Hastings 
 Colonel Gilbert Ironside 
 
 Fort William 
 
 II • • • 
 
 tt * • • 
 
 n • • • 
 
 185 
 186 
 
 
 , .. 11 
 
 Henry Griffiths 
 
 Calcutta ... 
 
 It • * ' 
 
 187 
 
 
 , Dec. 1 
 
 Tom Palk 
 
 tt • ' • • ' • 
 
 It • • ■ 
 
 188 
 
 N.D. 
 N.D. 
 
 Stephen Sulivan 
 ^lemorandum of Reforn 
 
 Essex Court, 
 
 Temple 
 as effected by W. Hastings 
 
 189 
 190 
 
 1773, Jan. 11 
 
 Tom Palk 
 
 Calcutta ... 
 
 II . . . 
 
 191 
 
 
 . N.D. 
 , Jan. 28 
 
 Anthony Goodlad 
 James Daniell ... 
 
 Cuddalore 
 
 „ 
 
 192 
 193 
 
 
 „ 28 
 , .. 31 
 
 Chokappa Chetti 
 Venkatararaaiya, &c. 
 
 Fort St. George . . . 
 Madras 
 
 n • • * 
 
 194 
 195 
 
 
 , ,. 31 
 
 William Petrie 
 
 Fort St. George . . . 
 
 11 * ' * 
 
 196 
 
 
 , Feb. 1 
 . .. 1 
 . ., 5 
 
 Nawab Walajah 
 George SmitJi ... 
 Tom Palk 
 
 Chopauk 
 
 Fort St. George . . . 
 Calcutta 
 
 Maj. (tou. Lawrence 
 Robert Palk 
 
 197 
 198 
 199 
 
 
 ., 10 
 , „ 30 
 
 [sic] 
 
 , Mar. 1 
 .. 2 
 
 Roger Darvall 
 
 Tom Palk 
 
 Henry Vansittart, jun. 
 .iVnthony Goodlad 
 
 Fort Marlborough 
 Calcutta ... 
 
 Fort WilMam 
 
 If * • • 
 t$ * * * 
 
 JI • • • 
 
 19 • • • 
 
 200 
 201 
 
 202 
 203 
 
Ixxiii 
 
 
 
 
 
 Serial 
 
 Date. 
 
 From 
 
 At 
 
 To 
 
 No. 
 
 1773, Mar. 10 
 
 Chokappa Chetti 
 
 Port St. George . 
 
 . , Robert Palk 
 
 .. 204 
 
 ., „ 13 
 
 George Smith ... 
 
 »» ■ 
 
 $» 
 
 .. 205 
 
 „ ., 14 
 
 Muttukrishna Mudali 
 
 t> • 
 
 •• >» 
 
 .. 20(5 
 
 ., 22 
 
 Tom Palk 
 
 Calcutta ... 
 
 tt 
 
 .. 207 
 
 „ „ 28 
 
 Letter of Attorney from 
 
 Robert Palk, jun. 
 
 
 208 
 
 „ AprU 1 
 
 Henry Vansittart, jun. 
 
 Calcutta ... 
 
 .. Robert Palk 
 
 .. 209 
 
 „ 3 
 
 Warren Hastings 
 
 Port WiUiam 
 
 • • ft 
 
 .. 210 
 
 „ May 14 
 
 Eleanor Adams 
 
 Tavistock 
 
 • • 11 
 
 .. 211 
 
 „ July 7/22 
 
 Reynold Adams 
 
 Fort St. George . 
 
 • • l> 
 
 .. 212 
 
 „ Oct. 9 
 
 George Vansittart 
 
 Calcutta ... 
 
 .. His attorneys 
 
 .. 213 
 
 „ „ 13 
 
 James Daniell ... 
 
 Fort St. George . 
 
 . . Robert Palk 
 
 .. 214 
 
 „ „ 20 
 
 Anthony Goodlad 
 
 Purnea 
 
 ,> 
 
 .. 215 
 
 „ .. 25 
 
 Reynold Adams 
 
 Fort St. George . 
 
 * • *i 
 
 .. 216 
 
 „ „ 29 
 
 Edward Cotsford 
 
 Madras 
 
 ' • )» 
 
 .. 217 
 
 „ ,. 29 
 
 John d' Pries 
 
 Port St. George 
 
 • * ft 
 
 .. 218 
 
 „ „ 29 
 
 Chokappa Chetti 
 
 ft 
 
 )» 
 
 .. 219 
 
 „ Nov. 3 
 
 Robert Palk, jun. 
 
 Calcutta . . . 
 
 • • »» 
 
 .. 220 
 
 ,. „ 10 
 
 Henry Griffiths 
 
 i> " • ' 
 
 ' • t» 
 
 .. 221 
 
 „ „ 11 
 
 Henry Vansittart, jun. 
 
 »j • • * 
 
 • • tt 
 
 .. 222 
 
 „ „ 14 
 
 Warren Hastings 
 
 Port William 
 
 ti 
 
 .. 223 
 
 N.D. 
 
 Robert Palk 
 
 — 
 
 . . Tom Palk 
 
 .. 224 
 
 1774, Jan. 1 
 
 George Vansittart 
 
 Calcutta ... 
 
 . . Robert Palk 
 
 .. 225 
 
 ., 15 
 
 Colonel Gilbert Ironside 
 
 The Grove, Fort 
 
 * » 
 
 .. 226 
 
 
 
 William 
 
 
 „ „ 16 
 
 Robert Palk, jun. 
 
 Patna 
 
 ,, 
 
 .. 227 
 
 „ „ 20 
 
 Frederick Griffiths 
 
 Calcutta . . . 
 
 
 .. 228 
 
 „ Feb. 2 
 
 Reynold Adams 
 
 Port St. George . 
 
 
 .. 229 
 
 „ „ 4 
 
 Chokappa Chetti 
 
 t) ' 
 
 
 .. 230 
 
 „ „ 6 
 
 John d'Fries 
 
 1) 
 
 
 .. 231 
 
 „ „ 12 
 
 Muttukrishna Mudali 
 
 1} 
 
 
 .. 232 
 
 „ „ 23 
 
 Robert Palk, jun. 
 
 Patna 
 
 
 .. 233 
 
 „ Mar. 11 
 
 ,, ... 
 
 ,, ... 
 
 
 .. 234 
 
 „ „ 15 
 
 Muttukrishna Mudali 
 
 Fort St. George 
 
 
 .. 235 
 
 „ ,. 18 
 
 Joseph Price ... 
 
 Calcutta . . . 
 
 
 .. 236 
 
 N.D. 
 
 Robert Palk 
 
 — 
 
 . . Nawab Walajah 
 
 .. 237 
 
 1774, AprU 3 
 
 Stephen Sulivan 
 
 Paper Buildings, 
 
 Robert Palk 
 
 .. 238 
 
 
 
 Temple 
 
 
 N.D. 
 
 l> • ' 
 
 
 i» 
 
 .. 239 
 
 N.D. 
 
 »» ' * 
 
 Paper Buildings, 
 
 i> 
 
 ... 240 
 
 
 
 Temple 
 
 
 1774, Aug. 1 
 
 Statement of Account of Robert Palk with 
 
 the Estate of Henrj- 
 
 ' 241 
 
 
 
 
 Vansitta 
 
 rt 
 
 „ „ 23 
 
 Laurence Sulivan 
 
 Queen Square 
 
 . . Robert Palk 
 
 .. 242 
 
 ,, Sep. 15 
 
 »i ' ' 
 
 '» 
 
 * • »» 
 
 .. 243 
 
 „ ., 21 
 
 Robert Palk 
 
 Haldon House 
 
 .. Laurence Sulivan 
 
 .. 244 
 
 „ „ 24 
 
 Nawab Walajah 
 
 . Chepauk House 
 
 . . . Robert Palk 
 
 .. 245 
 
 „ „ 30 
 
 Lam-ence Sulivan 
 
 Queen Square 
 
 
 .. 246 
 
 „ Nov. 24 
 
 Thomas Short ... 
 
 Calcutta . . . 
 
 
 .. 247 
 
 1775, Feb. 12 
 
 Laurence Sulivan 
 
 Queen Square 
 
 
 .. 248 
 
 ... „ 24 
 
 Frederick Griffiths 
 
 Camp 
 
 
 .. 249 
 
 „ July 2 
 
 Chokappa Chetti 
 
 Fort St. George 
 
 
 .. 250 
 
 „ „ 4 
 
 James Hodges 
 
 } » 
 
 
 .. 251 
 
 „ ,. 4 
 
 John d'Fries ... 
 
 Madras 
 
 
 .. 252 
 
 „ .. 8 
 
 George Baker ... 
 
 Fort St. George 
 
 .. Tom Palk 
 
 .. 253 
 
 ,, Aug. 12 
 
 Tom Palk 
 
 MasuHpatam 
 
 . . George Baker 
 
 .. 254 
 
 „ Sep. 10 
 
 Colonel Robert Gordon 
 
 Bombay . . . 
 
 . . Robert Palk 
 
 .. 255 
 
 ,, Oct. 7 
 
 John d'Fries ... 
 
 Madras 
 
 i» 
 
 .. 256 
 
 „ „ 10 
 
 George Baker ... 
 
 Fort St. George 
 
 * ' »* 
 
 .. 257 
 
Ixxiv 
 
 
 
 
 
 Serial 
 
 Date. 
 
 From 
 
 At 
 
 To 
 
 No. 
 
 1775, Oct. 10 
 
 Chokappa Chetti 
 
 Fort St. George ... 
 
 RobertPalk 
 
 .. 258 
 
 „ „ 12 
 
 Richard Welland 
 
 Madras Roads 
 
 H 
 
 .. 259 
 
 „ 13 
 
 George Baker ... 
 
 Fort St. George . . . 
 
 if • 
 
 .. 260 
 
 „ 14 
 
 Reynold Adams 
 
 }f ' ' • 
 
 ft 
 
 .. 261 
 
 „ „ 14 
 
 Muttukrishna Mudali 
 
 ,, 
 
 ft 
 
 .. 262 
 
 „ Dec. 14 
 
 George Baker ... 
 
 i> • • * 
 
 ft 
 
 .. 263 
 
 ,, 14 
 
 Chokappa Chetti 
 
 ,, ... 
 
 >t 
 
 .. 264 
 
 „ 14 
 
 John d'Fries 
 
 Madras 
 
 Jf 
 
 .. 265 
 
 1776, Jan. 2 
 
 Major James Rennell 
 
 Bengal 
 
 ,, 
 
 .. 266 
 
 4 
 
 Lieut. J. Snelling 
 
 Sick Qrs. Vizaga- 
 
 patam 
 
 tt 
 
 .. 267 
 
 ,, 14 
 
 Colonel Gilbert Ironside 
 
 Calcutta ... 
 
 )> ' 
 
 .. 268 
 
 ,, 15 
 
 Sir Edward Hughes . . . 
 
 Bombay ... 
 
 a 
 
 .. 269 
 
 ,, Feb. 2 
 
 Chokappa Chetti 
 
 Fort St. Geoi'ge . . . 
 
 J 
 
 .. 270 
 
 ., „ 8 
 
 Tom Palk 
 
 MasuUpatam 
 
 t J 
 
 .. 271 
 
 „ „ 10 
 
 George Baker ... 
 
 Fort St. George . . . 
 
 }J 
 
 .. 272 
 
 „ „ 10 
 
 Mary Turing ... 
 
 ,, ... ... 
 
 > i 
 
 .. 273 
 
 ., „ 12 
 
 John M. Stone 
 
 ,1 ... 
 
 i t 
 
 .. 274 
 
 „ 12 
 
 Nawab Walajah 
 
 Chepauk 
 
 n 
 
 .. 275 
 
 „ „ 12 
 
 John d'Fries ... 
 
 Madras 
 
 t» 
 
 .. 276 
 
 ., „ 15 
 
 George Baker ... 
 
 Fort St. George . . . 
 
 , , 
 
 .. 277 
 
 ,, 16 
 
 Muttukrishna Mudali 
 
 , , ... 
 
 >> 
 
 .. 278 
 
 ,. ,. 17 
 
 A. Venkata 
 
 Madras 
 
 tl 
 
 .. 279 
 
 ,. „ 21 
 
 John M. Stone 
 
 Fort St. George . . . 
 
 > > 
 
 .. 280 
 
 ,, 23 
 
 George Baker ... 
 
 ,, ... ... 
 
 ft 
 
 .. 281 
 
 „ Mar. 16 
 
 Richard Goodlad 
 
 Dinajpur ... 
 
 } » 
 
 .. 282 
 
 ,. 21 
 
 Robert Palk, jun. 
 
 Calcutta 
 
 IJ 
 
 .. 283 
 
 ,, 22 
 
 Sir Edward Hughes . . . 
 
 Bombay ... 
 
 >t 
 
 .. 284 
 
 „ „ 30 
 
 Henry Vansittart, jun. 
 
 Calcutta ... 
 
 t> 
 
 .. 285 
 
 Juno 11 
 
 Daniel Corneillo 
 
 St. Helena 
 
 yy 
 
 .. 286 
 
 ,. 20 
 
 Nawab Walajah 
 
 Chepauk 
 
 ,, 
 
 .. 287 
 
 „ ., 20 
 
 John d'Fries ... 
 
 Madras 
 
 >t 
 
 .. 288 
 
 „ „ 27 
 
 Chokappa Chetti 
 
 Fort St. George . . . 
 
 } t 
 
 ... 289 
 
 ., July 11 
 
 Edmund V. Lane 
 
 Tannah 
 
 ») 
 
 ... 290 
 
 „ ,. 13 
 
 Lieut. J. Snelling 
 
 Chicacole ... 
 
 J J 
 
 ... 291 
 
 „ Aug. 16 
 
 Lieut. John Yarde 
 
 Berhampur 
 
 tt 
 
 .. 292 
 
 „ „ 30/Oct 
 
 8 George Baker. . . 
 
 Fort St. George . . . 
 
 tt 
 
 ... 293 
 
 „ Sept. 6 
 
 Richard Welland 
 
 Madras Roads 
 
 tt 
 
 .. 294 
 
 „ „ 15 
 
 Chokappa Chetti 
 
 Fort St. George . . . 
 
 it 
 
 .. 295 
 
 „ „ 18 
 
 Henry Vansittart, jun. 
 
 Calcutta ... 
 
 tt 
 
 .. 296 
 
 „ .. 20 
 
 George Smith ... 
 
 Fort St. George . . . 
 
 tt 
 
 ... 297 
 
 „ ., 20 
 
 Chokappa Chetti 
 
 >» • • • 
 
 tt 
 
 ...298 
 
 .. „ 21 
 
 John d'Fries 
 
 Madras 
 
 t» 
 
 ... 299 
 
 „ „ 22 
 
 Muttukrishna Mudali 
 
 — 
 
 tt 
 
 ... 300 
 
 ,. „ 25 
 
 Nawab Walajah 
 
 Chepauk 
 
 tt 
 
 ... 301 
 
 „ ., 25 
 
 Charles Floyer 
 
 Fort St. George . . . 
 
 ft 
 
 .. 302 
 
 „ ., 26 
 
 Sir Edward Hughes ... 
 
 Madras 
 
 tt 
 
 .. 303 
 
 „ „ 26 
 
 John d'Fries ... 
 
 »» ... ... 
 
 tt 
 
 .. 304 
 
 „ Oct. 1 
 
 Chokappa Chetti 
 
 Fort St. George ... 
 
 tt 
 
 .. 305 
 
 „ ., 2 
 
 Henry Brooke ... 
 
 II ' ' • 
 
 t> 
 
 .. 306 
 
 .. „ 
 
 George Baker ... 
 
 • 1 
 
 tt 
 
 .. 307 
 
 „ .. 8 
 
 Nawab Walajah 
 
 Chepauk 
 
 tt 
 
 .. 308 
 
 „ „ 9 
 
 Prince Amir-ul-Umara 
 
 tt * * ' • • • 
 
 tt 
 
 ... 309 
 
 ., ., 10 
 
 John d'Fries 
 
 Madras 
 
 1* 
 
 ... 310 
 
 „ 14 
 
 George Baker ... 
 
 Fort St. George . . . 
 
 n 
 
 .. 311 
 
 „ ,. 15 
 
 John d'Fries 
 
 Madras 
 
 tt 
 
 .. 312 
 
Ixxv 
 
 
 Date. 
 
 From 
 
 At 
 
 
 To 
 
 Serial 
 No. 
 
 1770 
 
 Dec. 17 
 
 Kdnmnd V. Lane 
 
 .. Salsette ... 
 
 ... Robert P 
 
 alk 
 
 .. 313 
 
 1777 
 
 Jan. 20 
 
 Chokappa Chetti 
 
 . . Fort St. George 
 
 ... 
 
 
 .. 314 
 
 >> 
 
 Feb. f) 
 
 6 
 
 „ 
 
 Sir Edward Hughes 
 George Baker 
 Tom Palk 
 
 .. Madras 
 
 . . Port St. George 
 
 .. Madras 
 
 • . . ,, 
 
 • . . ,, 
 
 • < > ,, 
 
 
 .. 315 
 .. 316 
 .. 317 
 
 
 Oct. 13 
 „ 20 
 
 George Baker ... 
 Robert Palk, jun. 
 
 . . Fort St. George 
 
 ... ,, 
 
 
 .. 318 
 .. 319 
 
 1778 
 
 Jan. 29 
 „ 30 
 
 George Baker ... 
 Muttukrislma Mudali 
 
 .. Fort St. George 
 
 ... J, 
 ... J, 
 
 
 .. 320 
 .. 321 
 
 
 Mar. 5 
 
 George Baker . . . 
 Muttukrislma Mudali 
 
 n 
 
 . * • ,, 
 * * ■ J, 
 
 
 .. 322 
 .. 323 
 
 »> 
 
 „ 22 
 
 Colonel Gilbert Ironside Calcutta ... 
 
 ... ,, 
 
 
 .. .324 
 
 if 
 
 11 
 
 Apl. 24 
 
 Oct. 11 
 
 „ 15 
 
 „ 15 
 
 Henry Van.sittart, jun 
 Thomas Felling 
 Tom Palk 
 Muttukrislma Mudali 
 
 • J , ... 
 
 .. Madras 
 
 .. Fort St. George 
 
 ... J f 
 ... ,, 
 ... ff 
 ... ,, 
 
 
 .. 325 
 .. 326 
 .. 327 
 .. 328 
 
 >* 
 
 „ 17 
 
 Edward Cotsford 
 
 .. Madras 
 
 ... ,, 
 
 
 .. 329 
 
 it 
 a 
 
 1779 
 
 „ 19 
 
 „ 21 
 
 „ 31 
 
 Nov. 1 
 
 Mar. 22 
 
 Oct. 15 
 
 Chokappa Chetti 
 Phihp Stowey 
 Chokappa Chetti 
 Felling & de Fries 
 Jolm d 'Fries ... 
 Tom Palk 
 
 .. Fort St. George 
 
 . . Madras 
 ... Port St. George 
 ... Madras 
 ... Fort St. George 
 
 11 
 
 ... ,, 
 ... J, 
 • . * ,, 
 ... ,, 
 ... J J 
 
 
 .. 330 
 .. 331 
 .. 332 
 .. 333 
 .. 334 
 .. 335 
 
 1780 
 
 Jan. 16 
 
 John d 'Fries ... 
 
 ... Madras 
 
 ... ,, 
 
 
 .. 336 
 
 >' 
 
 „ 30 
 
 Tom Palk 
 
 . .. Fort St. George 
 
 ... J ^ 
 
 
 .. 337 
 
 ,, 
 
 Feb. -1 
 
 John d' Fries 
 
 . .. Madras 
 
 ... ^, 
 
 
 .. 338 
 
 1783 
 
 5 Stephen Sulivan 
 7 George Baker ... 
 ,, 10 Felling <fe de Fries 
 April 8/May 20 
 
 Medical Case of Robe 
 
 . .. Fort St. George 
 
 . .. Madras 
 
 ft Palk, jun., and D 
 
 ... ,^ 
 ... ,, 
 ... J J 
 
 iary 
 
 
 .. 339 
 .. 340 
 .. 341 
 
 342 
 
 1783 
 
 Aug. 8 
 Sep. 10 
 
 X.D. 
 
 Sep. 12 
 
 „ 10 
 
 Henry Preston 
 Dr. Adam Burt 
 
 David Asquitii 
 Dr. Adam Burt 
 
 .. Fort St. George 
 . . . Limerick . . . 
 
 . .. Ship Surprise. 
 
 Limei 
 . .. Limerick ... 
 
 . . . 8ir Robert Palk . 
 ... Messrs. J. & D. 
 
 Wehst 
 Major J. McGowan 
 Sir Robert Palk . 
 ick 
 • ■ • ») 
 
 .. 343 
 344 
 
 er 
 345 
 
 .. 346 
 
 .. 347 
 
 
 Oct. 3 
 
 II • • ' 
 
 »i • • • 
 
 • . > f, 
 
 
 .. 348 
 
 
 <3 
 .. 10 
 
 II • • • 
 Major John McGowan 
 
 London 
 
 ■■■ 
 
 
 .. 349 
 .. 350 
 
 
 „ 14 
 
 Dr. Adam Burt 
 
 . . Limerick . . . 
 
 ... J J 
 
 
 .. 351 
 
 
 „ u 
 
 „ 15 
 
 Sober Hall 
 James Lyons ... 
 
 II ' ' ' 
 
 ... 
 
 
 .. 352 
 .. 353 
 
 
 „ 16 
 .. 17 
 ,. 17 
 
 Certificate by Dr. Adam Burt 
 
 II »» n 
 
 David Asquith . . . Limerick . . . 
 
 ... Sir Robert Palk . 
 
 354 
 
 355 
 
 .. 356 
 
 
 „ 31 
 
 Dr. Adam Burt 
 
 . . London 
 
 ... ,, 
 
 
 .. .357 
 
 
 Nov. 2 
 
 Henry McMahon 
 
 . . . Limerick . . . 
 
 ... ,, 
 
 
 .. 358 
 
 
 3 
 
 Sober Hall 
 
 
 ... ,, 
 
 
 .. 359 
 
 
 3 
 
 .. 7 
 8 
 
 William Douglas 
 Henry McMahon 
 William Douglas 
 Sober Hall 
 
 
 ... ,, 
 ... ,, 
 ... ,, 
 ... ,, 
 
 
 .. 360 
 .. 361 
 .. 362 
 .. 363 
 
 
 „ 9 
 „ 11 
 
 „ 15 
 
 William Young 
 William Douglas 
 Deposition by Dr. Ad 
 
 am Burt before the 
 
 ... ,, 
 ... ,, 
 Lord Mayor 
 
 
 .. 364 
 
 .. 365 
 
 366 
 
Ixxvi 
 
 Date. 
 
 From 
 
 At 
 
 To 
 
 Serial 
 No. 
 
 1783, Nov. 30 
 
 Dr. Adam Burt 
 
 London 
 
 Sir Robert Palk . . 
 
 . 367 
 
 ,, Dec. 16 
 
 William Young 
 
 Limerick ... 
 
 ,, 
 
 . 368 
 
 1784, Jan. 14 
 
 Sober Hall 
 
 ,, ... . . . 
 
 t> 
 
 . 369 
 
 „ „ 15 
 
 George Maunsell 
 
 ,, ... ... 
 
 >> 
 
 . 370 
 
 „ „ 21 
 
 David Asquith 
 
 Ship Surprise, 
 
 DO'RTIS 
 
 t) 
 
 . 371 
 
 „ Feb. 2 
 
 Tom Palk 
 
 Fort St. George . . . 
 
 >) 
 
 . 372 
 
 l» ff ^ 
 
 Henry Preston 
 
 Camp, Trivatur ... 
 
 M 
 
 . 373 
 
 .. „ 4 
 
 David Asquitb 
 
 Ship Surprise, 
 
 Falmouth 
 
 „ 
 
 . 374 
 
 ). <i 5 
 
 Thomas Maunsell 
 
 Dublin 
 
 ) ( • • 
 
 . 375 
 
 „ „ 14 
 
 ,, . . . 
 
 ,, ... ... 
 
 >) 
 
 . 376 
 
 „ Sep. 10 
 
 George Baker ... 
 
 Fort St. George ... 
 
 }> 
 
 . 377 
 
 ., 11 
 
 Chokappa Chetti 
 
 Madras 
 
 fy 
 
 . 378 
 
 „ „ 15 
 
 Nawab Walajah 
 
 Chepauk ... 
 
 t f • • 
 
 . 379 
 
 ., 18 
 
 Abraham Welland 
 
 Calcutta ... 
 
 »» 
 
 . 380 
 
 „ Oct. 8 
 
 Catharine Palk 
 
 Trichinopoly 
 
 it 
 
 . 381 
 
 „ 10 
 
 Tom Palk 
 
 1) ■ • ■ 
 
 17 • • 
 
 . 382 
 
 „ „ 10 
 
 George Baker ... 
 
 Fort St. George ... 
 
 tt 
 
 . 383 
 
 „ 12 
 
 Tom Palk 
 
 Trichinopoly 
 
 ij • • 
 
 . 384 
 
 „ Nov. 20 
 
 1 1 ... 
 
 ,, . . . 
 
 J» 
 
 . 385 
 
 „ Dec. 4 
 
 Henry Vansittart, jun. 
 
 Calcutta 
 
 tt 
 
 . 386 
 
 28 
 
 Vansittart & Kennaway 
 
 ,, ... 
 
 J> 
 
 . 387 
 
 1785, Jan. 25 
 
 George Baker ... 
 
 Fort St. George ... 
 
 ,, 
 
 . 388 
 
 ,. Feb. 2 
 
 Chokappa Chetti 
 
 Madras 
 
 fJ 
 
 . 389 
 
 3 
 
 William Wynch 
 
 ,, ... ... 
 
 ft 
 
 . 390 
 
 5 
 
 Major J. Shortt 
 
 ,, ... ... 
 
 ft • • 
 
 . 391 
 
 ., „ 7 
 
 Sitaram Pandit 
 
 ,, 
 
 >t 
 
 . 392 
 
 „ 9 
 
 Lieut. Gen. Ross Lang 
 
 Fort St. George ... 
 
 t) • • 
 
 393 
 
 ,, Mar. 12 
 
 Rawson H. Boddam . . . 
 
 Bombay ... 
 
 >> 
 
 . 394 
 
 „ „ 21 
 
 Aliraham Welland 
 
 Calcutta 
 
 f ) • • 
 
 395 
 
 „ Apl. 24 
 
 Capt. Francis S. Ward 
 
 — 
 
 Capt. J. Kennaway 
 
 396 
 
 ,, May 15 
 
 Ozias Humphry 
 
 Cape of Good Hope 
 
 Sir Robert Palk ., 
 
 397 
 
 .. „ 16 
 
 Ensign William Preston 
 
 Madras 
 
 >f 
 
 398 
 
 ,. ,. 20 
 
 Tom Palk 
 
 Trichinopoly 
 
 ti 
 
 399 
 
 ,, June 12 
 
 Felling & de Pries 
 
 Fort St. George ... 
 
 it 
 
 400 
 
 ,. July 12 
 
 Tom Palk 
 
 TrichinoiJolj- 
 
 i 1 • • 
 
 401 
 
 „ Aug. (i 
 
 Thomas Abraham 
 
 Calcutta ... 
 
 »> 
 
 402 
 
 ., -Sep. 17 
 
 Chokappa Chetti 
 
 Madras 
 
 t> 
 
 403 
 
 ,, Oct. 10 
 
 George Baker ... 
 
 Fort St. George ... 
 
 ft 
 
 404 
 
 ,, Nov. 8 
 
 Futwood Smerdon 
 
 Ottery St. Mary . . . 
 
 Walter Palk, jun. .. 
 
 405 
 
 „ Dec. 3 
 
 Lawrence Palk 
 
 Neuchatel 
 
 Sir Robert Palk .. 
 
 , 400 
 
 ,, 13 
 
 AV)raham ^\'elland 
 
 G uttaul 
 
 , , . . . 
 
 407 
 
 ., 24 
 
 F. D'lvernois ... 
 
 Neuchatel 
 
 t> 
 
 408 
 
 „ „ 25 
 
 Al)raham Welland 
 
 Calcutta ... 
 
 It 
 
 409 
 
 ,, 25 
 
 Tom Palk 
 
 Trichinopoly 
 
 ,, . . t 
 
 410 
 
 1786, Jjin. 5 
 
 Chokappa Chetti 
 
 Madras 
 
 ,, . . . 
 
 411 
 
 ,, 12 
 
 Felling & de Fries 
 
 Fort St. George . . . 
 
 ,, . . . 
 
 412 
 
 ,, 12 
 
 Tom Palk 
 
 Trichinopoly 
 
 ,, . . . 
 
 11. •} 
 
 „ „ 16 
 
 Walter Palk, jun. 
 
 Ashburton 
 
 ,, . . . 
 
 414 
 
 „ l? 
 
 F. D'lvernois 
 
 Neuchatel 
 
 ,, . • . 
 
 415 
 
 ,, 23 
 
 'fbomas Abraham 
 
 Calcutta 
 
 , , . . . 
 
 416 
 
 .. Fob. 4 
 
 Lawrence Palk 
 
 Besancon 
 
 ,, . . . 
 
 417 
 
 „ 6 
 
 F. D'lvernois ... 
 
 Neuchatel 
 
 ,, . . . 
 
 41 S 
 
 .. „ 9 
 
 Henry Vansittart, jun. 
 
 Calcutta 
 
 Gen. .biiiu C.iill.uKl 
 
 11!! 
 
 .,11 
 
 Hev. Samuel H.idoook 
 
 South Moltnn 
 
 Sir 1{,,I» It P.ilk ... 
 
 420 
 
Ixxvii 
 
 Date. 
 
 1786, Feb. 13 
 
 „ „ 1-' 
 
 „ 17 
 
 „ „ 22 
 
 „ 25 
 
 From 
 Lawrence Palk 
 
 Tom Palk 
 
 Avton, Brassev & Co... 
 
 At 
 Neucliatel 
 Trichinopoly 
 Lombard Street 
 
 To 
 Sir Robert. Palk 
 
 Mar. 
 
 2 
 
 „ 5 
 „ 9 
 ,,12/16 
 „ 15 
 „ 18 
 „ 18 
 „ 24 
 
 Apl. 10 
 ., 22 
 
 May 21 
 
 .Tune 3 
 „ 10 
 „ 26 
 ,, 26 
 
 July 2 
 
 ., 1 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 ,. 10 
 
 „ 21 
 
 .. 30 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 ,,9/11 
 
 Vansittart & Kennaway Calcutta ... 
 Thomas Abraham 
 
 Aytou, Brassey & Co Lonibard Street 
 
 Lawrence Palk... ... Neuchatel 
 
 Aug 
 
 13 
 
 19 
 
 21 
 
 26 
 
 29 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 18 
 
 30 
 
 14 
 
 19 
 
 8 
 
 12 
 
 U 
 
 20 
 
 2 
 
 „ „ 1!» 
 ,, 23 
 
 1787, Mar. 1 
 
 ,, Sept. 
 
 f > >t 
 
 1 ) ) I 
 
 J } > ) 
 
 „ Oct. 
 
 ','. Nov. 
 
 J > I > 
 
 t» If 
 
 .. Dec. 
 
 F. D'lvernois ... 
 George Baker ... 
 
 Tom Palk 
 
 PeUing & de Fries 
 Thomas Pellmg 
 Thomas Abraham 
 Lawrence Palk 
 F. D'lvernois 
 Lawrence Palk 
 
 it ' ' 
 
 F. D'lvernois 
 Lawrence Palk 
 Pelling &^ de Fries 
 Tom Palk 
 Rev. J. Bradford 
 Lawrence Palk 
 
 Tom Palk 
 
 LawTence Palk 
 
 1 1 • • • • ' 
 
 F. D'lvernois 
 
 Rev. Samuel Badcock 
 
 Thomas Pelling 
 
 F. D'lvernois 
 
 Vansittart & Kennaway 
 Simeon Droz ... 
 Law^rence Palk 
 Henry Vansittart, jun. 
 Pelling & de Fries 
 
 Tom Palk 
 
 Lawrence Palk 
 Thomas Abraham 
 Chokappa Chetti 
 Pelling and de Fries . . . 
 Rev. Samuel Badcock 
 
 G. Browne 
 Thomas Abraham 
 
 Tom Palk 
 
 Adrian de Fries 
 Pelling & de Fries 
 Ensign William Preston 
 Pelling &: de Fries 
 Rev. .Samuel Badcock 
 
 Fort St. George 
 
 Trichinopoly 
 
 Fort St. George 
 
 Madras 
 
 Calcutta . . . 
 
 Constance 
 
 Vienna 
 
 Feslau, near Vienna 
 
 Dresden ... 
 
 Fort St. George ... 
 
 Trichinopoly 
 
 Ideford 
 
 Berlin 
 
 Trichinopoly 
 
 Berlin 
 
 t > ' ' ' • * * 
 
 Brunswick 
 West Sandford 
 
 I'yrmont and 
 
 Gottingen 
 
 Calcutta 
 
 Arlington Street ... 
 Wesel 
 
 Calcutta 
 
 Fort St. George ... 
 
 Trichinopoly 
 
 The Hague 
 
 Calcutta ... 
 
 Madras 
 
 Fort St. George ... 
 
 South Molton 
 
 Calcutta ... 
 . Trichinopoly 
 . Fort St. George ... 
 
 Trichinopoly 
 
 Fort St. George ... 
 South Molton 
 
 Gen. .Tolin Caillaud 
 Sir Robert Palk .. 
 
 Serial 
 No. 
 
 . 421 
 
 . 422 
 
 . 423 
 
 . 424 
 
 . 425 
 
 . 426 
 
 . 427 
 
 . 428 
 
 . 429 
 
 .. 430 
 
 ,. 431 
 
 .. 432 
 
 .. 433 
 
 .. 434 
 
 .. 435 
 
 ,. 436 
 
 .. 437 
 
 .. 438 
 
 ,. 439 
 
 . 440 
 
 . 441 
 
 . 442 
 
 . 443 
 
 . 444 
 
 . 445 
 
 . 446 
 
 . 447 
 
 . 448 
 
 . 449 
 
 . 4.50 
 
 . 451 
 
 . 452 
 453 
 ,. 454 
 .. 455 
 .. 456 
 .. 457 
 .. 458 
 .. 459 
 .. 460 
 .. 401 
 .. 462 
 .. 463 
 .. 464 
 .. 465 
 .. 466 
 .. 407 
 .. 408 
 .. 469 
 .. 470 
 
It 
 
CALENDAR 
 
 OF THE 
 
 PALK MANUSCRIPTS 
 
 IN THE Possession of Mrs. Bannatyne, 
 OF Haldon, Devon. 
 
 [No. 1.] 
 
 [Lieut. Colonel] S[tringer] Lawrence to Charles Watson, 
 EsQR., Rear Admiral of the Red, and Commander in Chief of 
 all His Majesty's Ships employed in the East Indies. 
 
 1755, October 8th. Fort St. George. — " Sir, I beg leave to 
 present you with an account of my campaigns in India. The 
 better to make the cause of the war understood I shall begin 
 with a short account of the first rise of the troubles here ; 
 the state of affairs when I left India at the end of the year 
 '50 ; \\ hat happened during my absence and after my return 
 in March '52, unto the end of the year '54, when a cessation of 
 arms took place between the two nations, 
 
 " My narrative. Sir, will, I am afraid, savour more of the 
 soldier than the historian, but I submit my stile and actions 
 with all my heart to your inspection. Your good nature, I 
 know, will make large allowances, and your judgment in 
 correcting, at the same time it improves, will be a mark of 
 your esteem and regard, which I shall at all times think 
 myself highly honoured with. 
 
 " The Mogul Empire is divided into three Departments. I 
 shall only treat of the one in which we have been concerned : 
 it is to the southward and called the Deckan. The govern- 
 ment of this third is appointed by the Mogul himself ; and 
 by a power delegated from his Prince, he'^' names the Nabobs 
 to govern the different Subahs'-* in his Principality. The 
 Deckan has seven Subahships, which are named as in the 
 margin.*^) The capital of the Province is Aurengebade : 
 the three last Subahships are comprehended under the name 
 of the Carnatick, in wliich we have endeavoured to support 
 the Nabob Mahomed Allee Cawn. 
 
 (O The ruler of the Deccan undci' the Mo<)ul. 
 
 (■-) Provinces. 
 
 (3) Marginal note Ijy Lawrence : — " Names of llie Snhaliships in (he Deckan ; 
 Anrengel ade, Kandoes, Barraud, Hei'ainpoore, Ciolcondali, Ahaniad Nagar, 
 M/.apoor : (lie (lu'ce last compi'chended under the naiue of (lie f'ai'Tiadek."' 
 Wt. IIGI. A 
 
No. l.j 2 
 
 " The Carnatick is part on this side of the river Kitshna*^' 
 to Cape Comoriii, and Golconda is on the other side of the river 
 to Aurengebade : the whole goes under the name of the Deckan. 
 
 [Then follows Lawrence's Narrative substantially as printed 
 by R. O. Cambridge in his Account of the War in India, 1750 
 to 1760. London, 1761. The principal variations between 
 the written and printed versions are noted below. Lawrence's 
 letter terminates thus : — ] 
 
 " The day after it [the suspension of arms, proclaimed 11th 
 October, 1754] was declared I left the army and came down 
 to the Settlements, not the same man in constitution as when 
 I left them, after a campaign of two years and seven months, 
 and never absent from the feild but six weeks in the whole 
 time. 
 
 " A truce for a year and a half, or till we could receive 
 answers from Europe, succeeded the cessation. Since that 
 time our troops have some times been employed in settling 
 the country and assisting the Nabob to collect his revenues. 
 
 " I have now gone through my narrative, in which my 
 constant endeavour has been to give a true description of 
 our military transactions for the amusement and perusal 
 only of a few particular friends, who, I hope, will make allow- 
 ances for the want of a proper stile and correctness. If the 
 subject is clear and easily understood, the end proposed is 
 fully answered. 
 
 " I am, with the greatest esteem, Sir, your most obedient 
 humble servant, 
 
 " S. Lawrence." 
 
 [Autograjjh, 2\0j)p-, ^to., and an Appendix of lljjp. des- 
 criptive of the Island of Srirangam and its temples ; the zvhole 
 bound in pajjer covers in hook forjn.] 
 
 [Besides making verbal alterations, Cambridge omits several 
 paragraphs and notes which occur in Lawrence's MS. narrative. 
 The principal omissions are quoted below, and the positions 
 of the lacunae in the printed version are indicated. Cambridge's 
 Appendix to the narrative is not found in the MS. version.] 
 
 MS. p. 4. Marginal note (Camb. p.2). " The Marattoes are 
 Gentous, esteemed the best soldiers, except the Rashboot 
 cast, in India. The Princes of the Indostan hire them, as 
 European Powers do the Swiss. But now and then indeed 
 they march without being desired, raise contributions and 
 return to their own country. They are governed by a King, 
 whom they stile the Nana or Shaw Rajah :<-> the capital of 
 his kingdom is called Sattarah, about 800 miles north west 
 from Madrass." 
 
 (1) Footnote by Lawronco : — " Tlie rise and progress of this River may be 
 seen in a map lately published, as well as the Country I am treating of." 
 (-) Sahu Raja, (i1ul;ir I'uler of (lie Marathas, was a grandson of Sivaji. 
 
3 [No. 1. 
 
 MS. 2^- 5. Marginal note (Caiuh. p. 2). " Tlio Carnatick 
 about three centuries ago was all under the (ientou govern- 
 ment. The King resided at \^izepoor ;<^' the Kiver Cianges '^' 
 di\ided their dominions from tlie Mogul's, lloyallow was 
 the lirst Gentou king that quarrelled with the Moors, who 
 crossed the river, and after several turns of fortune they got 
 some footing in the Carnatick ; which still increased under 
 different JNIoguls until tlie time of Aurengzeb, who made all 
 the Carnatick tributary to the Mogul. It was his great grand 
 father Huckenbar"' that began the conquest. Nabobs were 
 then first sent to govern the country, but notwithstanding, 
 the Gentou form of government still remained in several 
 places, and does now. The Marattoes, being all Gentous, are 
 a great ballance against the ineroaehing power of the Moors. 
 Such was the state of Tritchinopoly when Chunda took and 
 changed its form of government." 
 
 j\IS. p. 64 {Camb. p. 28). " Thus Chunda made his exit and 
 paid the just price of his rebellion. In private life he is said 
 to have been a man of great benevolence, humanity and 
 generosity. And with regard to his publick character ; in 
 this mighty ill-ruled empire custom makes a rebell, or any 
 man that sets up for himself only, considered as he succeeds ; 
 according to his success he is a great man, the idea of good not 
 being necessarily annexed. Their ambition is generally 
 better pleased with the former. If he fails, he is only reckoned 
 unlucky. The rule of right is almost here defaced ; an 
 attempt may be deemed unlawfull, but possession justifies 
 the act, and makes it good and valid. Chunda thought him- 
 self born to rule, and as nature had given him parts, he was 
 willing to make use of them." 
 
 MS. p. 131 (Camb. p. 48). " On advice received from Mr. 
 Palk we continued our march near the Capital*^' at the King's 
 request and promise of a speedy junction ; so well had Mr. 
 Palk managed for our interest. Indeed I could expect nothing 
 less from his unwearied attention to remove all diilieulties, 
 which before prevented the assistance we so much wanted ; 
 and this is not the only good turn for which we are indebted 
 to this gentleman." 
 
 MS. p. 154 (Camb. p. 55). " The King t'^* was hesitating, and 
 very little was wanting to turn the scale against us. As my 
 advice was not always properly attended to, it was sometimes 
 given in vain. I wrote to Mr. Palk, who was willing to come 
 on the least request of the (ioNcrnour. Again I renewed my 
 request, begging at last, if they would not spare him, to send 
 me some body else of character and judgment, or the alliance 
 
 (1) An error for Vijayanagar, the capital of the ancient Hindu kingdom of the 
 same name. 
 
 (2) The Godavaii (Vriddha-Ganga). 
 
 (3) Akhar. 
 W Tanjore. 
 
 (5) The King of Tanjore, 
 
No. 1.] 4 
 
 of the King of Tan j ore was inevitably lost. After much delay 
 they sent a gentleman, 'i' one of the St. David's Comicil, a 
 good man, but as unfit a person for the business as they could 
 pick out ; and had it not been for two lucky accidents in our 
 favour, nothing would have prevented the King of Tan j ore 
 from signing a neutrality. One of them was the French mis- 
 carrying in their attempt on Trichenopoly ; the other the 
 Marattos being obliged to retire from the Tan j ore country 
 after having suffered considerably in their expedition, and 
 leaving behind them 1,000 horse and many officers prisoners." 
 
 MS. p.l59 {Camh. jj. 56). [The name of the gallant leader 
 of the escalading party, omitted by Cambridge, was " Valgra."] 
 
 MS. p. 178 {Camb. p. 62). [According to the MS., the disaster 
 to the British detachment was due to the commanding officer 
 " knowing but little of his business." Cambridge attributes 
 it to " misconduct."] 
 
 MS. p. 180 {Camb. p. 63). " I acquainted the Presidency 
 with the misfortune : they could now find men quick enough 
 to send a reinforcement when they were frightened. They 
 sent therefore 180 men immediately to Deve Cotah, and Mr. 
 Palk at last to Tan j ore to try once more his influence at that 
 Court. His coming, indeed, would have been sooner, but on 
 application to Mr. Duplex for a passport, he refused to grant 
 any unless he gave his word that his journey should not be 
 beyond St. David ; so that it took him 15 days to go by sea." 
 
 3IS. p. 190 {Camb. p. 66). " 111 as I was, I had myself carried 
 out to the top of one of the gateways of the Fort ;<^* but too 
 weak long to bear the anxiety and uneasiness I was in when 
 I saw our ticklish situation. I knew indeed our men were 
 brave, but such odds were too much." 
 
 MS. AjJpendix p. 5 {Camb. p. 19). "We have had many 
 ridiculous stories about the origin of these Pagodas,''^* but the 
 account most to be depended on is that they were Ijuilt by 
 an order of the great Gentou King called Kishtna Royallqu, 
 to whom all the rest of the Princes of the Carnatick were 
 tributary : you will see mention made of him in the beginning 
 of these sheets. The Moors in his reign first began the con- 
 quest of the Carnatick. By his orders was Seringam built 
 at the expence of foau* tributary Princes (who each were to 
 erect the side opposite to the countries they governed), the 
 east by the King of Tanjour, the nortli by the King of Gingee, 
 the west by the King of INIaisure, and the south by the King 
 of Trichenopoly." 
 
 (1) Thomas Cooko, jun., a civil servant of 171(1, who was npjuiintccl in 1717 a 
 Councillor at llio I'l'o.sidcncy of Fort St. David. 
 
 (2) Tlu' Fori of Trichinopoly. 
 (•^' Till' Siiiaiigaiu tcmiilcs. 
 
[No. 2] 
 John Pye <^' to 
 
 [Kiidorsc'd in Talk's hand. J " Jionibay. Mr. Pyc. 5th 
 Feb., 1758. Reed. 17th April." 
 
 1758, February 5th. Bombay. — " My dear Friend, I have 
 the pleasure to aequaint you of our arrival here the 23rd 
 of last month, all well, and that in a day or two we embark on 
 board the SwaUuic for Gombaroon, (^* from whence we go in 
 the Success to Bassorah ; but as I have very little time to 
 spare now, will proceed to commune with you on business. 
 
 " Your Respondentia Bond*"' on Capt. James I leave with 
 Capt. Hough to be received the 13th instant, being then due. 
 Your chest containing by your instructions ten thousand 
 sonnauts,*^' but by ocular demonstration only nine thousand 
 nine hundred and ninety five, I have sold by Capt. Hough's 
 advice for nine thousand five hundred and ninety five Bombay 
 rupees. I have settled your account with Hough & Spencer 
 to the 31st January last, and inclose you a copy of it, by which 
 you will see the ballanec due to you is thirteen thousand seven 
 hundred sixty three rupees and fifty reas,'^' and that your 
 Gheria'*^* prize money and Doidge's*"' Respondentia on the 
 Livelcy is included in it. . . . The Governor and Council will 
 give Hough bills for all the money we want, but not time enough 
 for me to take one with me ; but I shall leave instructions 
 with him to send two of your bills home by two of the European 
 ships which depart in about a month. Your bills will be made 
 payable to Charles Brett. (^^ As soon as I get home I will see 
 Brett, and commune with him on your affairs. No account 
 can be given of the 400 rupees paid to Smith, late supra cargoe 
 of the Gramjnis. 
 
 " The china of Japan and the third of a leager of arrack*^' 
 given you in former days by Henry Doidge, Esq., are safely 
 deposed in a godown'^^* in the Tank House under the charge 
 of George England. Observe your jars are not separated from 
 the rest ; either you or King of the Cumberland, Doidge says, 
 must carry the whole home for him, and then yours are to be 
 
 (1) John Pye was one of four Navy Agents in Julv, 1757. (Hill's Cat. Orme MSS. 
 X.I (25) ). 
 
 (2) Gombaroon, Gombroon or Bandar Abbas in the Persian Gulf, where the East 
 Hidia Company had a factory. 
 
 (3) Respondentia Bond, a bond on the security of a ship's cargo. 
 
 (■*' Sonnauts, from Ar. sanwclt, pi. of nan, year; Rupees which had (k'leriorated 
 in value after three years' currency. 
 
 (5) Jieas, small money of account used in lioiul^ay ; tlic Ilupee contained 100 
 reas. In Bombay accounts were kept in rupees, quarters and reas. 
 
 (6) Gheriah or Vijayadrug, the stronghold of the pirate Angria on the coast 
 south of Bombay, was attacked and destroyed by Admiral Watson and Colonel 
 Ciive in February, 175(i. 
 
 (") Henry Doidge, one of the four Navy ^Vgents. 
 
 (8) Charles Brett, a friend of Palk in England. 
 
 (9) Arrack, a fermented liquor obtained from the palm. 
 
 (10) Godotvn, a store, from Tel. yidanyi through Malay (jadotuj, a storeroom. 
 
No. 2] 6 
 
 rendered unto you. The cask of arrack has the noble name 
 of Martin wrote upon the head with chalk. 
 
 " I am sorry to tell you, in regard to your hoj^es of Doidge's 
 drawing on you for forty thousand rupees, that Captain 
 Hough having lain out for our and Mr. Steevens'<^> Squadron 
 more money than was left liere, there is no such thing as any 
 prize money to be got ; so nothing can be done in that affair. 
 
 " For the six dozen of claret we had of you at Bengal, vide 
 the following scheme — 
 
 The 9995 Sonnauts brought here produced 9,595 
 Your half of James's bond, principal and 
 
 premium . . . . . . . . . . 10,800 
 
 Hongh and Spencer's ballance . . . . 13,763 50 
 
 6 dozen of claret at 48 per dozen . . . . 288 
 
 Bombay Rupees 34,446 50 
 
 " Thirty four thousand four hundred and forty six rupees 
 at two shillings and five pence the rupee I humbly apprehend 
 amounts to pounds sterling 4,162 4 6, which you are morally 
 certain of getting home this year ; so as it can't be better, 
 Avhy you must e'en be content 'tis well as it is — 
 Si fortuna vestra te tormento 
 Let sperato tc contento. 
 
 " Ives<-> and Doidge send their best wishes. Mr. Shannon 
 deserted us at Cochin, and one Mackintosh is come in his room. 
 Alms'-^' goes with us, as does young Pigot.<*> I wrote to you 
 from Anjango. 
 
 " By advices overland the present Lords of the Admiralty 
 are Anson, Boscawen, West, Hay, Eliott, Hunter and Forbes. 
 Lord Holdernesse and IMr. Pitt Secretarys of State. Lord 
 Temple has the Privy Seal, and Counccllor Henley is knighted 
 and made Lord Kee]5er of the Great Seal. Of 34 transports 
 French bound to America we have taken 32, and of 23 Martinico 
 and Domingo ships 17 have fallen into the hands of the English. 
 The Duke<^' has been beat in Germany and the city of Hanover 
 is taken. The Prince of Hesse has lost all his dominions. Mr. 
 Osborne*^' has 16 sail of the line and Mr. Saunders'"' 14 in 
 the Mcditteranean. Fourteen capital ships and 20,000 troops 
 were on the point of sailing from England about July last 
 
 (1' C'funiiiodorc Chai-les Steevens, R.X. 
 
 (-) .Siirf^cnii Edward Ivos, wlu) travelled t'l'oiu Basra (o Alcpim in 17,j8-.")it. 
 
 (3) Lieutenant Alms, H.>J., lately commander of the Uardtrirkr, In<iianian, 
 was an <dd friend of Dr. Ives. As Captain he commanded the squadruu of three 
 ships whieh lirought General Medows's force to India in 1782. 
 
 (■*) JJr. Pi^ot, late surtrcon of a l)oml)-vessel. 
 
 (5) Tlie Duke of Cumlicrland, who was defeated at Ilastenheck and forced to 
 sign the convi-ntion of Kloster-Zeven. 
 
 (6) Admiral Henry Osborne was Coiuniander-in-Chief in the Mediterranean 
 early in 17.57. 
 
 (') Admiral Sir Charles Saundeis relieved Oslioi'ne in Mav 1757. 
 
7 [No. 2 
 
 under Mr. Hawke and General Mordaunt*^' on a secret 
 expedition. 
 
 " Tlie Chcsterfcild, Fortfeild and Kdgcote, Indianicn, arrived 
 at Limerick in June last. The Syren, sloop, Dick King, arrived 
 in England the begiiuiing of June, by whom the Company 
 knew of the capture and recapture of Calcutta. The Exj)eriment, 
 man of war, engaged and took a French privateer of 36 guns 
 and 400 men. Mr. Fox is Paymaster of the Forces. The Duke 
 of Newcastle at the head of the Treasury, and I think Mr. 
 Lcgge is Chancellor of the Exchequer. 
 
 " Adieu, and believe me with all sincerity your faithfull 
 friend, &c. 
 
 "John Pye." 
 
 " Doidge says 'tis doubtfull whether he shall write to you 
 or no. His head achs ; he has a great deal to do. To be sure 
 we have led fme lives since we have been here. Penible is a 
 fine fellow at 3 in the morning, and laughs heartily at the story 
 of Cousin Swinney. 
 
 " Pray give my best wishes to Capt. Smith." 
 
 [Holograph, 2| pp., flscp.] 
 
 [No. 3.] 
 
 VVill[iam] Fergusson'2' to Robert Palk, Esqr., 
 at Mrs. Ray's in Tavistock Row, Co vent Garden. 
 
 1700, November 10th. Ayr. — " I am favoured to-day with 
 your letter of the 4th, and shall write to the two gentlemen in 
 the north concerning the subject of your letter. They are 
 not at all punctual in their answers ; for though I wrote them 
 repeatedly of the necessity of returning an answer to the 
 Gruff ees'^) at Fort St. George, and to Mr. Smith'^' at Canton, 
 and transmitted them the letters and accounts you sent me, 
 desiring after perusal they would be pleased to send me back 
 the same, or copys of them ; and that they would either write 
 what answer they thought proper or leave it to me to do 
 it, yet I have not received any answer from them. . . . 
 
 " Since it appears inconvenient that Miss Munro'^' should 
 go in the same ship with you, I shall agree to her going with 
 Capt. Glover or with any other 3^ou shall approve, since there 
 are other ladys going out with her in the same ship. 
 
 (1) Admiral Edward Hawke and General Sir John Mordaunt. co-operated in the 
 expedition to Rochefort in 1757. The copy of Lawrence's Narrative wliirh is now 
 in tlie British Museum was addressed to Mordaunt. 
 
 (-) WilHam Fei'gusson, " Druggist and Chymist in London " and " tlie 
 Reverend Mr. Robert Palk of Fort St. George " were two of five Executors of tiie 
 will of Dr. Andrew Munro, who died at Madras on the 26th October, 1757. A 
 copy of the will, formerly among the Palk papers, is not now found. Its substance 
 is given in Indian Recordu Series, Vestiges of Old Madras, vol.11., pp. 45cS, l5iK 
 
 (■^) Gruljees, consignees of gruff goods, i.e., any bulky articles of merchandize : 
 from Dutch grof, coarse. 
 
 W George Smith, then at Canton and afterwards a free merchant at Madras, 
 was a nephew of Mrs. Munro. 
 
 (3) Katherine Munro, elder daughter of Dr. Munro. 
 
No. 3] 8 
 
 " As to what stocks it may be best to lay out the money in 
 belonging to our Gruff, '^^ I caimot determine. Only I am 
 afraid that trusting to the new supplys will be attended with 
 delay and other inconveniences, especially as none of us are 
 likely to be in London ; and therefore I should prefer eitlier 
 South Sea or Bank Annuitys, which always keep pace with 
 the other Stocks, and arc not liable to the same uncertaintys 
 as the new supplys. When I recieve Mr. Munro'-' and JNIr. 
 Robertson's'"^* answers, you shall be acquainted with them. 
 
 " Will Fergusson." 
 
 [Holograph, 1 |;., Uo. Wax seal,] 
 
 [No. 4.] 
 
 " Order for Restitution in the East Indies." 
 
 Duplicate. 
 
 1763, March 16th. Court at St. James.—" To our Trusty 
 and Welbelovcd Major General Stringer Lawrence, 
 Brigadier General William Draper,'^* Colonel Eyre 
 Coote,'^' or to the Olhcer Commanding any Part of Oiu' Land 
 Forces in the East Indies, or to the Commanding Oflicer in 
 any Islands or Places which shall have been taken possession 
 of by Our Army. 
 " George R. 
 
 " Trusty and Welbelovcd, We Greet you well. \Miereas 
 a Definitive Treaty of Peace has been signed at Paris, on the 
 Tenth Day of February last, by Our Minister Plenipotentiary 
 and Those of Our Good Brothers The Most Christian King"^** and 
 The Catholick King,'"' to which The Minister PlenijDotentiary 
 of Our Good Brother The Most Faithful King'^' acceded on 
 the same Day ; And Wliercas It is stipulated by the Eleventh 
 Article of the said Treaty that Great Britain shall restore to 
 France, in the Condition they are now in, the different Ftictories 
 which that Crown possessed, as well on the Coast of Coromandel 
 and Orixa as on that of Malabar, as also in Bengal, at the 
 Beginning of the year 171U ; And that His Most Christian 
 
 (1) Consignment of gniff goods. 
 
 (2) John Muiu'o, oT Cullcarn, lalo of Bouil)ay, one of (lie I'^xccutors. 
 
 (3) 'I'lic Hcv. Aii(li<>w l{()l)crtson, of Killcurn, Ross-shire, one of the Execulors. 
 ('i) Sir William Draper, I\.B., l*\>llow of Iving's College, Camhi'idge, envei'ed (he 
 
 British Army in 174J, raised the 7i)lh Regiment and eominantied it al tlu^ siege of 
 Fort 8t. George in 1758-5U. With ^Vdmiral Cornish lie led the Manila lOxpedition 
 of 17(52. He served later as Lieut-governor of Minorca. 
 
 (i^) Sir Eyre Coote, K.B., served in the llighlanil rising of 1715, eame to India 
 in 1751, accompanied <_'live to Bengal, and as Ma.jor was jjresent at I'lassey. In 
 1759, during Lawrence's alisence, Ccdonel Coote commanded (he Madras army, 
 defeating Lally a( Wandewash in January, 17li(), and reducing I'ondicherry a 
 year later. In .lul> , 1770, he arrived at Madras from home as Commander-in-Cliicf 
 in India, liul resigned almost imnnHlialely in consequence of a dispute with the 
 local Governmenl. In 1778 he again came to India as Commander-in-Chief with 
 the rank of Lieut. -General, and in 178(1 left Calcutta for Madras to engage llaidar 
 All, whom Jie defeated at I'orto Novo in 1781. Coote died at Fort St. George 
 in 1783. 
 
 («) Louis XV. of France. 
 
 (7) Charles III. of Spain. 
 
 (8) Joseph I. of Portugal. 
 
9 [No. 4 
 
 Majesty shall restore, on His Side, all that He may have con- 
 quered from Great Britain, in the East Indies, during the present 
 A\'ar ; .Vnd will ex])ressly eause Nattal and Tapanoully in the 
 Island of Sumatra to be restored ; And Whereas it is stipulated 
 in the Twenty Third Artiele ol" the same Treaty that all the 
 Countries and Territories which may have been Conquered, in 
 whate\er Part of the World, by the Arms of Us and of the jMost 
 Faithful Kinjj, as well as bv those of the Most Christian and 
 Catholiek Kings, which are not included in the ])resent Treaty 
 either under the Title of Cessions or under the Title of 
 Restitutions, shall be restored without Diiliculty and without 
 requiring any Compensation ; And It being further stipulated 
 in the Twenty Fourth Article of the said Definitive Treaty 
 that the Factories in the East Indies shall be restored Six 
 Months after the Exchange of the Ratifications of the present 
 Treaty, or sooner if it can be done, Which Ratifications were 
 exchanged on the 10th of this Instant March ; Our Will and 
 Pleasure is that You do, pursuant to the Stipulations above 
 recited, delixer or cause to be deli\ered to such Commissary 
 or Commissaries as shall be named and authorized on the 
 Part of our Said Good Brother The Most Christian King to 
 receive the same, any of the Factories under Your Command 
 which are to be restored to France in the Condition thev are 
 now in, agreably to the Stipulations of the Eleventh and Twenty 
 Fourth Articles of the Definitive Treaty abovementioned, and 
 also that You do deliver or cause to be delivered to the Commis- 
 sary or Commissaries duely authorized to receive the same any 
 Countries or Territories wdiich may be to be restored to France 
 or Spain in Consequence of the Twenty Third Article of the 
 said Treaty ; And it is Our further Will and Pleasure that you 
 should take the necessary Measures with the French Com- 
 missaries that Nattal and Tapanoully in the Island of Sumatra, 
 and all that France may have conquered from Great Britain 
 in the East Indies during the present War, be restored agreably 
 to the Stipulations of the said P^leventh Article of the Definitive 
 Treaty, as well as with the French and Spanish Commissaries 
 for the Restitution of any other Conquests which may have 
 been made upon Our Establishments in the East Indies by 
 the Arms of the Most Christian and Catholiek Kings, and w^hich 
 are to be restored in Consequence of the Twenty Third Article 
 of the said Definitive Treaty ; And that the same be restored 
 at the same Time that Restitution is made of any Conquests 
 which have been made by any of Our Forces under Your 
 Command upon the French or Spanish Establishments. And 
 for so doing this shall be Your Warrant. Given at Our Court 
 at St. James's the Sixteenth Day of March, 1763, in the Third 
 Year of our Reign. 
 
 " By His Majesty's Command, " Egremont."'^^ 
 
 [Autograph, 4| pp., flscp. Paper seal of George //.] 
 
 (1^ Lord Egremont, a yecretary iu Bute's ministry of 1762. 
 
10 
 
 [NoT 5.] 
 
 Brother Salvatoe, a Sanctis D'fon[se]ca to Governor Palk, 
 
 Madras. 
 
 1765, Sept. 27th. San Thome.*^' — Most illustrious and 
 invincible Governor, Lord Palk, 
 
 With the greatest respect I throw mj^self at your Lordship's 
 feet and approach, in the only possible way by means of this 
 letter, to kiss your hand and enquire after your health. If 
 that be good, I have no doul3t that your Lordship will be crowned 
 with yet higher honours due to the gifts and \'irtucs which 
 you possess ; for, as I have always heard, all men acknowledge 
 your piety, power and greatness. 
 
 When I arrived on this coast, I went to your Lordship's 
 residence on six occasions to deliver a letter of recommendation 
 from Dom Loppo ; but being unable to obtain speech with you, 
 I gave the letter to M. de Landreset, the senior officer of the 
 Portuguese forces at Goa, that he might deliver it by other 
 hands. 
 
 For your Lordship's satisfaction I will now be brief. I was 
 sent out as the head of the Missions of the Spiritual 'Province 
 of Portugal in the kingdoms of Jamseylon,*-' Achem'-^^ and 
 Queda.<^' I accordingly remained on your coast to supervise 
 necessaries coming from Portugal and Goa, so that the mission- 
 aries in the said kingdoms might carry on their appointed 
 work. 
 
 Being myself quite worn out by persistent sickness, and being 
 at present without means of subsistence, I suffer much. Like 
 a lonely sojourner in Jerusalem I find myself in this place, 
 where the power and honour of my kinsmen in Portugal are of 
 no avail by reason of distance and my vow of poverty — a vow 
 I find difficulty in observing in this country. Hearken there- 
 fore, my lord, to the counsel of Cln'ist and the Apostle St. Paul, 
 who says. It is more blessed to give than to receive. 
 
 In fine, by the love of Christ, and for the honour and 
 salvation of your soul, I humbly beseech your Lordship to 
 bestow alms on me according to the measure of your greatness 
 and charity. And I will ever pray to the utmost of my power 
 for your illustrious house, that God will guard you and deliver 
 you from your enemies for many years to come, so that you may 
 
 (1) San Thoiud was originally a Pt)rtuguese fortified settlomont dating from 
 about 1522, and the seal of a lii.sliojjrif from n)()(). Captured liy the King of 
 Oolconda in H)()2, it was taken by the Fi-eneh ten years later. In 1(171, after a 
 protraeted siege by Golcouda aided by the Dutch, it eaiiitulated, and the lortilica- 
 tions were demolished. In l(i87 the place was resettled by the Portuguese under 
 the native Government, and in 171!) it liecame British territory by a grant from 
 Xawal> Muhammad Ah. San Tliom6 is situatetl on the coast three nules soulli of 
 Foi't St. George. It possesses a cathedral and se\eral clmrches. Tiie cat bedral 
 contains the shi'ine of St. Thomas. 
 
 (-' Jamseylon or .iunkscylon (Ujuug Salang), an island nlT the west coast of 
 the Malay Peninsula. 
 
 (3) Achem (Achin) in Sumatra. 
 
 (•*) t^ueda (Kedah) in the Malay Peninsula, near Penang. 
 
11 [No. 5 
 
 attain to immortal glory. Amen. God knows with what 
 shame I expose my necessities to you. But forgive me, my 
 Lord . 
 
 Your most humble servant and true well-wisher with all my 
 heart ; now and always, and at all times and in every place 
 I will remember you as your petitioner, 
 
 Frater Magister Salvator a Sanctis D'Fonca. 
 San Thome, at the hospice of St. Ritta,'^' 
 2nli September, 1765. 
 
 [Latin. Holograph, 'S pp.. flscp. The outer cover has a wax 
 seal displaying a full length figure with aureole, and two 
 acolytes below. The seal is inscribed sdarrard. The cover 
 is addressed thus : — J 
 
 " Illustrissimo Gobernatori de Madrasta Domino Palco, Dcus 
 cum custodiat ad multos annos in Madrasta. 
 
 " De Sancto Thoma." 
 
 [No. 6.] 
 
 [Nawab Walajah<-'] to the "Honble. Robert Palk, Esqr., 
 Governor. • 
 
 [Endorsed in Palk's hand] " Nabob's Letters to the King and 
 Company per Pacific, 3rd April, 1766." 
 
 1766, April 3rd. — " Enclosed I send you a letter to the 
 Company enclosing one for his Majesty, which I desire may 
 be translated into English, and the copies sent to me that 
 they may accompany the original and be clearly understood. 
 
 " I know you will highly approve of my doing this justice 
 to General Lawrence, of whose glorious actions you ha^c so 
 often been an eye witness. Be pleased also to repeat my 
 attachment to the Company and my entire dependance, and 
 above all I desire that what I have said concerning the General 
 may be strongly recommended to the Company." 
 [1 p., demy.] 
 [Enclosure No. 1.] 
 
 " To the Honble. The Chairman and Gentlemen of the 
 Direction of the East India Company. 
 
 " The many and great obligations I am under to General 
 Lawrence induce me to request you will be pleased to present 
 the inclosed letter to his Majesty, whom God preserve. I 
 send a copy for your perusal. You are too well acquainted 
 with General Lawrence's eminent services to need a particidar 
 explanation. I have therefore only further to request that 
 he may recei^•e from you annually on my account on the 1st 
 
 of January Pagodas,''^' which shall be repaid here on that 
 
 day to your Governor and Council ; and I desire you will 
 
 (1' The Church of St. Rita, standing at the south end of the High Street of San 
 Thome, was completed in 1710. 
 
 (2) The title WaJajali was conferred by tlic Mogul in 1765 on Nawab Muhammad 
 All of Arcot and the Carnatic. 
 
 (3) The annuity granted was Pags. 3,75n, equivalent to about £1,50U. 
 
No. 6] 12 
 
 prevail on him to acccjjt this from me as a gratefull aeknow- 
 ledgmeiit to my great benefactor. By his Majesty's favor, 
 your powerfuh assistance and his signal successes, peace and 
 plenty have been happily restored to my country. It is 
 therefore equitable that he should reap a part of the fruits of 
 his own labor. He is grown old with toil, but his glorious 
 actions will never dve. 
 
 " By means of Lord Clive the Mogul Patcha has conferred 
 on me great honors and made my Government independent 
 of the Deckan, chiefly out of regard to my attachment to 
 the Company. Thus under your favor and protection my 
 Government is firmly established, and I am free from all manner 
 of api^rehension. May your prosperity and your fame ever 
 increase. 
 
 " What can I say more ? " 
 [1 _p., demy.] 
 [Enclosure No. 2.] 
 To His Most Excellent Majesty George the 3rd, &c., &c. 
 
 " I had the honor of addressing your Majesty by Admiral 
 Cornish*^* and Colonel Monson,<-> and now the departure of 
 General Lawrence, a servant of your Majesty as well as of the 
 Company, induces me again to express my gratitude for the 
 very great assistance I have on every occasion received from 
 the unwearied vigilance and distinguished abilities of this 
 excellent officer, whose sword has been often m}' only protector 
 in the day of battle ; who for years together kept the field 
 against a numerous ennemy, and by his courage and conduct 
 surmounted every difficulty ; who comforted me continually 
 in my distress, and with a spirit and perseverance peculiar 
 to himself was almost the onlv man in Indostan that never 
 dispaircd of my cause. No doubt Your Majesty is well 
 acquainted with his important services, disinterested character 
 and extraordinary merit, which are not to be described within 
 the compass of a letter, but which I and my family abo\'e all 
 others are bound to acknowledge. May your Majesty never 
 want such an Officer to command your Armies. I have desired 
 the Company to represent my firm reliance on your Majesty's 
 protection, and to present this letter, intended to express my 
 deep sense of your royal favor in giving mc such assistance 
 as 1 have found in General Lawrence. May your Majesty's 
 reign be long and happy. 
 
 " What can I say more ? " 
 [1 J)-') demy.\ 
 
 (1) Admiral Samuel Cornish reiaforced Steevous at the siege of Pondicheri-y in 
 17(51, and in the following year, in conjunction with General Di-apcr, conchH-tcd 
 the exjiedition against Manila. 
 
 (-) Colonel the Hon. George Monson entered the army in 175(1, came to India 
 \\itli Draper's l{cj^iiuent anil .served at Wanih-wasli and I'ondiclierry in 17(30, 
 Manila in 1702 and Madura in 1703. Eleven years later he came again to India 
 as a member of the Supreme Council of Bengal, and united with Clavering and 
 Francis against Ilastings until his death in 1770. 
 
13 
 
 [No. 7.] 
 
 Memorondttm of miles run by the Shi]) Pacific (wisigned). 
 
 17G6, October 18tli. — " Tlic minil)cr of miles run })er luoutli 
 
 by the Sliij) Pacifie,^^^ having sailed IVoni Madrass the 4th A])ril, 
 
 1700, and arrived at the Co^ e ot Cork the 18th day of October. 
 
 From the 4th of April to the 30th . . Miles 1,183 
 
 In May .. .. .. .. .. ,, 2,107 
 
 In June . . . , . . . . . . ,, 2,830 
 
 In July . . . . . . , . . . ,, 2,205 
 
 In August . . . . . . . . . . ,, 2,058 
 
 In September . . . . . . . . ,, 2,308 
 
 In October to the 18th . . . . . . „ 1,248 
 
 Total 14,005 " 
 
 [IP; 4/0.] 
 
 [No. 8.] 
 
 The Secretary to the Court of Directors to Major General 
 
 Stringer Lawrence. 
 
 1700, December 4tli. East India House. — " It is with great 
 pleasure I inform you that the Court of Directors yesterday 
 came to an unanimous resolution that the annuity of five 
 hundred pounds setled upon you for life, which ceased by 
 your resignation thereof on returning to your station as 
 Commander in Chief of the Company's forces in the East 
 Indies in 1701, is to be continued from the time of yoiir 
 leaving Fort Saint George for England, when your allowances 
 for the abovementioned station ceased. Most sincerely 
 wishing the Bath may have the desired effect, I remain, Sir, 
 your most obedient humble servant, Robt. James, Secretary." 
 [Autograph, 11 jj., -ito.] 
 
 [No. 9.] 
 
 Henry Moore to the Honorable Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1700, December 18th, Ship Osterley, near Anjengo. — 
 " As the Osterl[e^y is now standing into Anjengo road, I write 
 you half a dozen lines from on board her to advise you of our 
 arrival thus far. I hope they will salute you and Mrs. Palk in 
 good health. Mr. Vansittart*-' was well in Burlington street 
 the middle of March last. Should the Anson and Devonshire 
 be arrived with you, you must have heard of him much later. 
 When we were at Cadiz we heard of the arrival of the Admiral 
 Steevens at Lisbon in ninety days from Bengal : she arrived 
 there about^the'middle of April. We sailed from Cales [Cadiz] 
 the 3rd of May, but the repairs wc; got there proving ineffectual, 
 we were obliged to put in to Saint Salvador upon the coast of 
 
 (1) The Pacific carried the Nawab's letters to the King and Company. Vide 
 No. 6. 
 
 (2) Henry Vansittart, late Governor of Bengal. Vide p. 30, note 3. 
 
No. 9] 14 
 
 Brazil, where we arrived under the 13th of June with a leak of 
 five feet an hour. I need not to Mr, Palk paint our distresses. 
 Heading down, and the giving our crazy ship a new bottom 
 detained us. at that place untill the 20th of September. We 
 have since continued quite tight, and are all very healthy, nor 
 has any accident taken place during the remainder of the 
 voyage except the carrying away topmasts and other trifes 
 of that nature. Thanks to Providence, our voyage now draws 
 near a conclusion. When I embarque on another outward 
 bound one I hope it will use me worse than this has done. I 
 beg my respects to Mrs. Palk. . . . 
 
 " Henry Moore." 
 [Holograph, 2|- pp., 4to.] 
 
 [No. 10.] 
 
 Rob[er]t Palk to [William Martin] Goodlad.^^' 
 
 [Endorsed] " Letter from Mr. Palk, 25tli January, 1767, 
 dated on board the Lord Camden, Nathaniel Smith, in Madras 
 Road on the day he embarked for Europe." 
 
 1767, January 25th. On board the Lord Camden, Madras 
 Road — " Dear Goodlad, I am much obliged to Mr. Bourchier 
 and vou for convcvino- the intelligence of Mr. Pownev's*^* safetv. 
 At any rate he is likely to make a better voyage than I had 
 reason to expect. 
 
 " As I think I know the goodness of your heart full well, 
 I could never doubt of the sincerity of its sentiments. I freely 
 acknowledge that I have often felt a most particular satis- 
 faction in your success and well known improvement, and 
 those sentiments of honor and uprightness which I know will 
 never fail to be your constant companions ; and you can have 
 none that you ought to be fonder of. There is no good fortune 
 that can possibly happen to its greatest favorites that I do not 
 most heartily wish you, and it will at all times give me pleasure 
 to hear from you, or to be instrumental in promoting it. 
 
 " Mrs. Palk sends her most affectionate wishes, and I am, 
 dear Goodlad, imalterably your sincere friend, 
 
 " RoBT. Palk." 
 [Holograph, 2 pp., 4/o.] 
 
 [No. 11.] 
 
 [Ensign] J. Carpenter to [Robert Palk]. 
 
 [Endorsed in Palk's hand] " Mr. Carpenter, 25th January, 
 
 1767." 
 1767, January 25th. Tritchinopoly. — " Give me leave to 
 assure you that it is not in my power to express the sense 
 
 d' William Mailin Goodlad, a Madras civil servant of ITlil, was Secretary in 
 the Civil Di'parliuent. lEe was a protege oi Palk, who was a friend of the Goodlad 
 family. 
 
 (^) William I'owney had arrived iu the Sican at Tellicherry from Malacca. He 
 was a younger son of Capt. io\\n PowTiey, a seafaring man of Madras, who died 
 in 1740. 
 
15 [No. 11 
 
 I have of the very kind letter you honoured me with, or 
 how nuieh I am obhgcd lo you for the fa\()urs you have 
 shewn nie. I most gratcfidly thank you, Sir, for your 
 intentions to join my friends at home with your iiideaN ours 
 to recover the rank my former commission gives me. Mr. 
 Webber was the gentleman tliat gott me first appointed. Last 
 year my friends solhcited and })rocured me the interest of 
 Mr. Cruttendon and Mr. Harrison, both of which gentlemen 
 expressed the greatest desire of serving me, and, I am pers waded, 
 did every thing in their power then towards it. They likewise 
 applied, Sir, to Mr. Barrington, Mr. Savage, Mr. Scrafton and 
 Mr. Wheeler,*^' and engaged those gentlemen's interest in 
 my behalf. As my present situation deprives me of the hopes 
 of acquiring any thing farther than a maintenance suitable to 
 the character we are in a great measure obligated to support 
 at the expence of every thing valuable to us, and subjects 
 me to such disagreeable inconveniences as to deprive me of 
 serving me [sic] with that chcarfulness necessary to our duty, 
 I ha^'e wrote my friends that my whole welfare depends on 
 the success of their endeavours in the strongest manner I were 
 able ; but as you, Sir, know the very great difference between 
 my present situation and that of those gentlemen who were 
 appointed Lieutenants at the same time, or even those gentle- 
 men who were then made Ensigns, notwithstanding the}^ arrixed 
 in the country but a few months before me, I flatter myself, 
 Sir, that it will be in your power to get me restored to tlie rank 
 I am conscious to myself of never having deserved to be de- 
 prived of, and which I should be happ}^ to shew myself not 
 unworthy of possessing. This is the only hope I have. Sir, 
 of ever seeing again my friends with pleasure or persuing with 
 satisfaction the service I am engaged in. Most sincerely 
 wishing you and family health and every happiness, I am. Sir, 
 your ever obliged and obedient humble servant, 
 
 " J. Carpenter." 
 [Holograph, If p., 4/o.] 
 
 [No. 12.] 
 
 George Vansittart'-* to Rob[er]t Palk, Esqr. Duplicate. 
 
 1767, February 15th. Madras.—" Dear Palk, Two or 
 three days after your departure I received letters from 
 Russelh^) and Campbell'^' congratulating me on my being 
 
 (1) With the exception of Williaiu Weljber, who was a Director from 17(12 to 
 1765, the other patrons named, viz., Edward Holden Cruttendon, .)ohn Harrison, 
 Fitzwilliam Barrington, Henry Savage, Luke Scrafton and Edward Wheler, were 
 Directors between 1765 and 1767. 
 
 (-) George Vansittart, Bengal civil service, younger brother of Henry Vansittart. 
 
 (3> Claucl Russell, 6th Member of tlic Hengal Council. Russell entered the 
 Madras civil service in 1752, and was transfei'red to Bengal in 1766. In 1775 lie 
 returned to Madras as a member of Lord Pigot's Council, and mairied one of (he 
 Governor's daughters. 
 
 W Alexander Campbell, a Bengal civil servant of 1763, was 11th member oi 
 Council at Calcutta in 1767. 
 
No. 12] 16 
 
 appointed Resident at Midnapoor, and Campbell informs 
 me that for this step I am entirely indebted to Lord Clive, 
 who himself proposed it to the Board without solicitation, 
 or even my name being mentioned to him. This is a favour 
 which I little expected from his Lordship ; my obligation to 
 him is therefore the greater, and I think that I may now with 
 much propriety make him the acknowledgement which you 
 proposed by way of advance towards a reconciliation. You 
 know I am sensible that in some respects I have acted wrong ; 
 I have no objection therefore to the making of such an acknow- 
 ledgement on a motive of gratitude for the favour he has 
 conferred on me, although, as there have been causes of com- 
 plaint on both sides, I could not prevail on myself to do it 
 through fear of his power. Inclosed is a letter to him on the 
 subject. Consult with Harry^^' concerning it, and if you and 
 he approve it, let it be delivered. We shall set out in a day or 
 two for Bengal. The John and James schooner is to have the 
 honour of carrying us. 
 
 " Yours very affectionately, George Vansittart." 
 
 [Holograph, 2 pp., 4^o.] 
 
 [No. 13.] 
 Rob[er]t Palk<-' [jmi.] to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1767, February 19th. Fort St. George. — " Dear Sir, I em- 
 brace this opportunity of enquiring after your health and to 
 thank you for your bountifull kindness to me. I hope that 
 my future conduct will be such as to meet with your 
 approbation, and that I shall have it in my power to make 
 some return for the care you have taken of me from my 
 infancy. I hope you will continue to favor me with your 
 friendly advice, which hitherto has been of infinite service to 
 me, and I do assure you it will always be gratefully received and 
 acknowledged. 
 
 " I most sincerely wish you and Mrs. Palk may have a pleasant 
 passage, and a happy meeting of your friends in England. 
 
 " Lord Clive (juitcd his Government the 26th ultin.o in the 
 evening, and embarked on board the Brittannia very much out of 
 order. Before he resigned the Government a great many promo- 
 tions were made, and amongst the rest George''^' to the Chiefship 
 of Midnapore. If nothing better offers for me after my arrival 
 in Calcutta, I intend to ask to be appointed his Assistant, if 
 he approNcs it. At j)rcsent George tells me I had better wait 
 for something better, but I should be very well satisfyed with 
 that and the prospect of succeeding him in that employ some 
 years hence. As George is in a great hurry to get down, we 
 
 (1) Henry Vansittai-t, Governor of Bengal, 1760 — 1765. 
 
 (-) ]{(>l)crl. Palk, junr., a nengal civil servant of 17(i;5, was the second son of 
 Walter I'alk (elder brother of Governor I'alk) by his second wife Mary Widdecombe. 
 (3) George Vansittart. 
 
17 [No. 13 
 
 have taken our passage on the John and James schooner, and 
 are to set out from Trivatore the morning after to-morrow. 
 
 " Mr. Pybus'i' has had a severe attaek of his old disorder 
 since your departure, which made him resolve to follow you 
 on the Anson, Captain Linox, who arrived here four days ago, 
 but the people on board have the smallpox to such a violent 
 degree tiiat numbers have died of it, and Mrs. Pybus insists 
 on his not going on that ship, both on his own account and the 
 child's, I believe he will be persuaded to wait till October. 
 
 " Captain Richardson has come off with flying colours. It 
 appeared in the course of the examination that cloth was on 
 board, but the captain and officers knew nothing of it. In 
 short, the blame was thrown on the doctor, who died before 
 the ship arrived at Bengal, and the purser, who told the Com- 
 mittee appointed for the enquiry that, since the blame was laid 
 to him, he would not take up any of their time in contradicting 
 it ; so it ended in Captain Richardson's being requested to 
 dismiss him, which he did, and made the purser an acknow- 
 ledgement for his great good nature.*-* Mr. Mackey's*^' account 
 of their transactions at Tencriffe and Richardson's don't agree 
 at all, notwithstanding Mr, McKey wrote him what he had said 
 about it. The Pigot is expected here every day. 
 
 " On our journey to Gingee, being the fourth person, [I] was 
 under the necessity of playing at cards, and by bad manage- 
 ment and ill luck was a considerable looser, which drove me 
 to the necessity of applying to Mr. Morse'-'' for Pags. 100. 
 
 " By a letter I have just received from my father I under- 
 
 (1) John Pybus arrived in India as a Writer in 1743. After the capture of Madras 
 by de Ir. Bourdonnais he went to Fort St. David, and in 1751 was one of the eight 
 vohinteer officers who joined C'live in the attack and subsequent defence of Arcot. 
 Pybus v.as Supervisor at Fort Marlborough, Bencoolen, in 1754, and four years 
 later, when in cliarge of the Fort St. George Mint, was taken into Council. In 
 1702 he was sent on a political mission to the King of Kandy, and wrote ;in interest- 
 ing journal of his proceedings. He was a Trustee for the Nawab's consolidated 
 debt of 1767. Pybus married Martha Small in 1753. 
 
 (-* George Richardson commanded the ship Pigot. Her surgeon was George 
 Eethune, and i^urser Mark Carr. 
 
 (3) George Mackay came out originally as a free merchant in 1738, and traded 
 for many years at Madras. When in England in 1766 he was appointed Assay- 
 master -at Fort St. George, and he joined his post in January, 1767. He was 
 sliortly afterwards admitted to Council with the proviso that he was ah^ays to 
 remain its junior member. Mackay took an active part in the subversion of Lord 
 Pigot's government in 1776, and he was recalled to England in consequence. He 
 married in 1756 Sarah, daughter of John Stratton. 
 
 (■*' Nicholas Morse, Ijorn in 1700, entered the Madras civil service at the age 
 f)f eighteen. In 1728 he joined the Council, and shortly afterwards became Deputy 
 Governor of Fort MarII)orough in Sumatra, where he remained eighteen months. 
 Returning to Madras in 1729 as a Councillor, he succeeded Richard Benyon as 
 Governor in 1741. Two and a half years later Madras was attacked by the French 
 under de la Bourdonnais, and capitulate<l under promise of ransom. The terms 
 were repudiated by Dupleix, and Morse was carried prisoner to Pondicherry, but 
 was released by exchange. He was summoned to England to render account of 
 his actions, and eventually returned to Madras as a free merchant. From 1767 
 he acted as one of Palk's attorneys. He married Jane Goddard in 1730, and his 
 daughter I'^iuolia liecame tlie wife of Henry Vansitt;»rt. .Morse died at .Madras 
 in 1772. 
 
 B 
 
No. 13] 18 
 
 stand m}' brother'^' is coming out on the expected ships, but 
 he doth not tell me whether he is coming here or to Bengal. 
 Should he not come out in the Service, I hope you will interest 
 your-self in getting him appointed to Bengal. All your friend[s] 
 at this place are well, and every thing goes on just as you left 
 them. I desire my compliments to Mrs. Palk, Mr. and Mrs. 
 Van<-> and the General, '-^^ and am with great respect, dear Sir, 
 Your most obliged and obedient humble servant, 
 
 "RoBT. Palk." 
 [Holograph, 4 pp., 4to.] 
 
 [No. 14.] 
 Chocapah'*' to the Honourable Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1767, March 3rd. Fort St. George.—" Honourable Sir, I 
 shall be extreamly glad to hear of your Honour and family's 
 safe arrival in England and enjoy [ment of] a perfect health 
 in that delightfull country. 
 
 " Since your Honour's departure Mr. Bourchier'^* carrys on 
 his government in good order, and every thing going on at the 
 same terms [as] when you was here. The Company's broad 
 cloth on the 27th of last month [was] put up at publick outcry**" 
 at the Sea Gate on the usual terms, and sold about 30 lotts, 
 each lott consisting [of] 5 bales, [viz.] 3 bales of Auroras, one 
 bale Popinju,'"' and one bale ordinary red, and in some lotts 
 one bale ordinary yellow, at 585 to 591 Pagodas per lott, and 
 some Purpatanues*^' at the usual prices, and the remainder they 
 could not sell at that time. 
 
 " Mupral Kistnayah, farmer of Beetle'"' and Tabacoa, having 
 insulted with the Nabob and made demand [for] dutys for the 
 trifling Beetle and Tabacoa bought for his Excellency's use, 
 which the Nabob represented to the Governour and Council ; 
 and then the Governour and Council examined this in con- 
 sultation, and said to the said Mupral Kistnaya that he 
 is not fit to be that farmer any longer, and took away the 
 said Cowle*^*^' from him, and gave that farm to one Yidyanado 
 
 (1) Tliomas Talk, son of W.iltcr I'.ilk l.> liis Ihiid \\ife Mary Mugford, was haU- 
 brothor of Rolioi-t Palk, jim. 
 
 (-' Mr. and Mrs. Ilcnry V'ansittart. 
 
 (3) (Jciicral St linger Lawi-cnce. 
 
 (•*) Cliokapjia Clic'tti was one of tlie " Conipany's Merchanls "" who were charged 
 with " the Investment." Tlie Merchants made advances of the Company's money 
 to the weavers, and were resjjonsiljh^ for the deUvery of the manufactured goods. 
 
 (5) Charles Bourchier, st)n of llichard Bourciiier, Governor of Bombay, arrived at 
 ^ladi'as in 1711 as a Wtid-r. Ten >ears later he was Secretary, and in 1751, when 
 Military Storekeepei-, Rental Cienei'al and Scavenger, was taken into Co\incil. 
 JIc succeed(>d I'alk as Governor in 17()7. His period of oflice was marked by the 
 occurrence of the first Mysore war, and by the execution of a permanent rampart 
 around the Black Town of Madr.ts. Bourchier I'csigned antl retired to I"]ngland 
 early in 1770. 
 
 (<5) Rul)lio auction. 
 
 (7) Ani-aras and /'opiiijai/n were varieties of woollen cloth imjiorled from England. 
 
 iS) PerpehuiHOcs, a woollen clotli made in l-]ngland, so called from its diu'ability. 
 
 (0) Beetle, the betel leaf, used for clie\\ing witii aieca nut and lime. 
 '10) Coivir, grant, pei'mit, licence. 
 
19 [No. 14 
 
 Modcly, who was agent to Pushpuiiado Nainar sometime, and 
 one Moodu Kistna Modely, the kite Arraek farmer, for four years 
 and five months from 1st of this month, at twenty tliree 
 tht>usand Pagodas for every year. 
 
 " I shall be cxtreamly obliged to your Ilonom- if you will be 
 pleased to remember your old and faithfull servant Chocapah, 
 and reconuucnd him to your friends both here and coming up 
 from thenee. . . . 
 
 " We ha\"e not received any further news from Manilah, what 
 they have done with our ship and cargo ; and if we are permitted 
 to send our ships there to trade, it will be a very good thing 
 for the merchants at this Settlement. 
 
 " Since your Honour's dcpartm-e, here is nothing materials 
 that I can write to your Honour, but the Governour and Council 
 deferred the new contract for the Honble. Company's Invest- 
 ment for the present year untill first April. . . . 
 
 " Chocapah." 
 [Atitograph, 1| p.. demy.] 
 
 [No. 15.] 
 Mrs. Mary Powney'i' to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1767, March 12th. Fort St. George.—" Dear Sir, From 
 the long acquaintance I have had the happiness to have with 
 you flatters my hopes that you will pardon the intrusion of a 
 few lines from an old friend to assure you of the greatfuU sense 
 I shall always retain of the friendship and many civilities you 
 have so kindly, dear Sir, shewn me, and that my prayers 
 will be constant for your safe arrival in England and the 
 continuance of all blessings to you and yours. I hope some 
 time before this reaches, you will be enjoying yourself in 
 your own country. Pray present my respects to General 
 Lawrence and Calliaud,'-' and believe me to be with much 
 affection, esteem and respect, dear Sir, your most obliged 
 friend and humble servant, Mary Powney." 
 
 " P.S. Sir, I have the pleasure to acquaint you of my son 
 Wilh'^' being safe and well at Malacca. Since, I hear he was 
 arrived at Tellecherry and was going to Bombay, and I am afraid 
 it will be a ruiness Voyage." 
 [Autograph, 2 pp.^ 4>to.] 
 
 [No. 16.] 
 
 Mooperala Kistnia'^' and Raiaia Kisna to Robert 
 
 Palk, Esqr. 
 1767, March 15th. Fort St. George.— " Sir, I hope this 
 will find you safely arrived in England, and that you and 
 
 (1) Mary Powney, daugliter f)f Capt. Gf>oi'g(^ ITci'on, inastor mariner and tnarino 
 surveyor, was tlie widow of ('apt. .lolin Powney, master mariner. Siie dit-d a 
 centenarian in 1780. 
 
 (-' General John Caillaud. Vide No. T.'J, p. Iii2, note 1. 
 
 (3) Cf. No. 10. 
 
 (■*' ^liipei'ala Kislnnivn licld the mon-iTKiIy fi.i' (lie snle of held and tohncco. 
 He was tlie uncle of Uamakrlshna. 
 
No. 16] 20 
 
 your family have had the enjoyment of a perfect health . . . 
 and that you will not forget your old faithfull servants who 
 begin already to feel the want of your protection. 
 
 " Two days after your departure the Nabob delivered a 
 petition to the Governor and Council accusing me of want of 
 respect to him, and other trumped up storeys that I demanded 
 dutys from him on beetle and tobacco brought for his house- 
 hold use. You may well remember, Sir, that I once informed 
 you that on the Begum's arri\'al there was large quantitys 
 of beetle demanded, of which the under servants made a job 
 by selling at the market ; and you was pleased to order me 
 to acquaint Nazeeb Cawn to take just so much only as was 
 wanted for the use of the Nabob's family, and accordingly 
 45 bundles of beetle (instead of 60) was determined to be 
 sufficient for every day's expence ; and at the same time I 
 shewed him the account of the beetle supplied to that time, 
 amounting to twelve thousand fanams,'^> which he said he 
 would see about. No more past between the Nabob and me 
 untill the day after your departure, when some tobacco being 
 imported for the Nabob was, according to custom, brought 
 to my godown. The third day after it was brought, and when 
 my Peons'2' carried it to Nazeeb Cawn, they carried also a 
 memorandum at his own request of the dutys thereon, which 
 amounted to a pagoda and odd fanams, and of this the Nabob 
 made a handle as if I had slighted and made little account of 
 him ; and the Governor and Council was pleased to reprimand 
 me very much for it, and determined that it was a sufficient 
 cause to forfeit my cowl, and the farm was disposed of to 
 Vaydanadum and Moodukisna conicopoly<^' on the 23rd ultimo 
 for twenty three thousand pagodas per annum for the 
 remainder time that I was to have enjoyed it. 
 
 " I delivered your letter of recommendation to Mr. Bourchier 
 before the determination of Council, but it produced no favour- 
 able effect. I would not have given up the affair so easily 
 had not Mr. Morse seemed very desirous that I should be rid 
 of this business. Besides, I was very sensible that I could 
 have got no redress here, and that the only way to have 
 righted myself would have been to have pushed the matter 
 further ; but to a person of my time of life it would be too 
 troublesome and vexatious. . . 
 
 " Upon desiring Mr. Bourchicr's advice Av[h]at was best to 
 l)e done, whether we should put in an answer into the Council, 
 he told me the Nabob was so irritated that there was no other 
 method of pacifying him but to surrender up my riglit quietly : 
 that the Nabob had thoughts even of taking away the grant 
 of the village that was allowed for the support of Ramaniaka's 
 
 (1) The number of silver fanams to the gold pagoda varied with the exch.ange. 
 At this iieriod it was 42. 
 
 (-' Peons, olTicc-attoudants, orderlies, fooL-soldirrs, froui Port. peao. 
 
 (3) Conicopli/, an accountant, from Tarn, kanakka, writing, and piJlai, person. 
 
21 [No. 16 
 
 cliaritv flioullr\0 at Cliecrecoad, and that it was with dillicultv 
 he (Mr. Boiirchier) dis[s]uaded hini I'roin it. . . . 
 
 '' Th(> dianioiul business is growing worse and worse every 
 day, and if the Gentlemen in England don't stoj) |the] making 
 of remittanees,'-' they wdll lose a great deal. The prices at 
 Moonimadgoo is risen since the purchase for last ship, and the 
 demand for diamonds increases daily. Goeuh'^' laughs when 
 he is asked for the 5,000 pagodas oi' diamonds he promised 
 you to give Mr. Morse lor this ship, nor can Mr. Morse have 
 any remedy whilst he [isj supported by gentlemen in station. 
 Diamonds are carried now to Bengal and Surat, as there are 
 people now who purchase at those places for Europe. 
 
 " We desire you w'ill recommend us to your friends in power 
 here that we may always have their protection. We wish only 
 to live a quiet life. Please to present our humble respects 
 to Mrs. Palk. We are very gratefully, Sir, your most obliged 
 and obedient humble servants, 
 
 " MOOPERALA KjSTNIA." 
 
 " Rama Kisna." 
 
 {Holograph of Rama Kisna, 5| pp., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 17.] 
 George Vansittart to Rob[ert] Palk, Esqr. 
 
 17G7, March 16th. Calcutta. — " Dear Palk, Inclosed is a 
 duplicate of my letter of the 15th of February. A strong 
 north-east wind detained us at Madras from the 20th to the 
 27th. We arrived here the day before yesterday, and the 
 day after to-morrow I set out for Midnapoor, where I shall 
 be very w^ell contented to remain quiet and undisturbed 
 for some years. I believe I may be saved the trouble of a 
 trip to I^urope even if their honours in Leadenhall Street 
 should take it into their heads to dismiss me in consequence of 
 our last year's rebellion ; for I ha^'e been positively assured 
 by people who I should think must know' that in such case the 
 Conmiittee will recommend me to be reinstated, and in the 
 mean while continue me in the service till their further pleasure 
 can be received. I am at present on perfectly good terms with 
 all our rulers, and intend to adopt some of your prudential 
 maxims. 
 
 " What with 30,000 rupees which we have lent to Russell, 
 and the 20,000 which we are to pay to Robin, your balance 
 will be but a trifle. We shall keep it in our own hands at 
 8 per cent, till we have a good opportunity of remitting it. 
 
 " My love to Mrs. Palk and the little ones. Yours affection- 
 ately, George Vansittart." 
 [Holograph, 2 1 pp., Uo.] 
 
 (1) Choultry, a shelter for travellers, from Tel. chavadi, a hall, shed. 
 
 (2) A common mode of making private remittances from India was liy means 
 of diamonds. 
 
 (3) Gokal Tarvadi, diamond merchant, Cf No. 20. 
 
22 
 
 [No. 18.J 
 
 Mrs. Rebecca Casamaijor'^' to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 [Endorsed in Palk's hand] " Mrs. Casamayor." 
 
 1767, March 16th. Fort St. George.—" My dear Sir, As 
 no distance of place can ever decrease the respect, esteem 
 and gratitude that is due from me, I hope you will excuse 
 the liberty I take in troubling you with a few lines to 
 assure you of my ardent wishes that it may salute you 
 in your native land after a short and pleasant voyage in 
 health and a continuance of all other blessings. I suppose 
 by this time you have reached the Cape or pretty near it, and 
 hope Mrs. Palk and the little ones will be much benefited by 
 its fine air and all other refreshments. As you, dear Sir, have so 
 great a number of friends to write you all occur[r]cnccs, I shall 
 only mention, what 1 know will give you pleasure, that our 
 new Governor*-* goes on very well under the weight of go^•crn- 
 ment, in great spirits, and with much polit[e]ness and chear- 
 fulness entertaining his friends and company. I hope he will 
 continue in health and strength to acquit himself to the satis- 
 faction of all his well wishers. Gi^•e me leave to present my 
 son's<^' best respects, and that I am, with all acknowledgments 
 and regard, dearest Sir, your affectionate and much obliged 
 humble servant, 
 
 " Rebecca Casamaijor." 
 [Holograph, Ih p., 4^o.] 
 
 [No. 19.] 
 
 [Colonel] John Call*** to Robert Palk, Esqr. Duplicate. 
 
 1767, March, 19th. IMadras.— " My dear Friend, As I 
 persuaded myself you will impatiently expect to hear of the 
 progress of the Confederacy against Hydre Ally, so I take up 
 the pen with the greater pleasure to give you the state of 
 our military as well as civil transactions since you left us. 
 
 (I' IJohecca Casaiiiaijoi-, daughtef t>f Caj)(. .loliu Powiioy, maslor marim-i', was 
 the widow of Noah Casamaijor, a supercargo at Madras in 17:{2, who in 1711 was 
 appointed to the office of Accountant, and, after rising to tlic tank of Factor, died 
 in 17 1(). . 
 
 ('^) Charles IJourehicr. 
 
 (•5) James llc-nry Casamaijor, wlio ciilcied tlie Madras civil service in 17()2, 
 <anil was second of Council in 17S!i. 
 
 (■*) John Call, member of a Cornish family, l)egan his Indian career in 1751 as 
 an assistant to Benjamin Robins, F. R.S., I'higineor (leneral, and was gradetl as a 
 civil servant. Working Mrst on the .St. David Itirlilications, \w succeeded Captain 
 •lohii Hroliier in 1757 as I-^ngineer at h'ort St. Cicorge. lie developctl and extended 
 tlie latter fort, and was largely resj)onsili|e for its successful defence during l^ally's 
 siege of 1758-5U. He was then given military rank as Captain, and laid out the 
 western extension of tlie White Town. In 17(31 he conducted the siege of 
 Pondicherry, and became Engineer in Chief in India. In 1702 he was in the Madras 
 Council, and two y(>ai's later was present at the siege of Madiu-a. In 17()S he was 
 one of the I'McId i)ej)uties witii the army. He retired to England as Colonel in 
 177U, became a tuember of p;»rliament in 1781, was elected a Fellow of the Iloyal 
 Society, and in 17U1 was created a baronet. 
 
23 [No. 19 
 
 " ^'e^}• boon after Colonel Sniith'^' arrived at Eiderabad, 
 "vvhieh was the 15th or 16th January, the Subah'^* pitehed his 
 tents without the city, and in a few days proceeded towards 
 the Kistnah, which he crossed the 18th ultimo, having spent 
 some time in settling with the Polygars''^' on his route. The 
 19th Captain James Fitzgerald's battalion and Lieut. Povery's 
 detachment joined Colonel Smith, who had been very uneasy 
 at the delay of our troops ; but he will be obliged to wait 
 nuich longer for those from the Circars, because it was found 
 necessary to reduce the Zemindars*^' of Peddapore and Samil- 
 cotah, which kept Major Thomas Fitzgerald's detachment 
 till the loth February, and the 9th instant he was only advanced 
 as iar as Sangaverum near Eiderabad, so that it will be the 25th 
 instant or perhaps the end of the month before he can possibly 
 join the Subah, who on the 26th ultimo was just entering the 
 country of Adony. The troops from hence and Vellore were 
 delayed in the beginning of February by exceeding heavy 
 rain, which laid all the country under water and made it the 
 18tli February before they joined at Lalapett. From thence 
 they were to cross into the Cadapah country at a pass called 
 Mungalpettah, but having been disappointed of provisions 
 from Arcott, it was the 11th instant before they crossed the 
 hills, and they are now only near Cadapah, from whence you 
 may judge it will be the end of the month before they can join 
 the Su ball's army. 
 
 " Mahadarow*^) with his Marattas was early in motion and 
 made very rapid advances to the southward, so that his troops 
 entered the country of Adony and begun to plunder it by the 
 end of January. After some threats and a little burning and 
 fighting, which we suppose was by the Subah's connivance, 
 Bazalet Jing"^' settled with Mahadarow, and the Marattas 
 proceeded towards Sera.**^) One of Hydre Ally's Generals met 
 them with a considerable body of horse, but he was defeated, 
 made prisoner, and all his guns and baggage taken. Another 
 smaller body met the like fate, and the Marattas by the last 
 accounts we had were besieging Sera or Sirpi with their main 
 body, while the rest scampered all over the country. Hydra 
 
 (1) General Joseph Smith, son of Mr. Joseph Smith, who was Gunner and 
 Engineer of Fort St. George in 1744, entered the Madras service as Ensign in 
 1719. In 1757 he defended Trichinopoly against d'Auteuil, and was promoted 
 JMajor in ITlJf). As Brigadier-General he commanded the Madras Army almost 
 cimliiiuously from 1767 to 1775, conducting the campaigns against Ilaidar AH 
 and the Raja of Tanjore, and the expedition of 1772 against tlie Maravars. lie 
 retired to Kngland in 1775. 
 
 (-) The Subah, the ruler of the Deccan, Nizam Ali Khan. The word signifies 
 a province, but it was commonly used for subahdar, the ruler of a provuice. 
 
 (3) Poh/i/ars, local cliiefs, the descendants of the old Xaiks. 
 
 W Ze in in da IS, important landholders. 
 
 (5) Miidhu Kao, fourth Peshwa, 1761 — 1772. 
 
 (6) Basalat Jang, brother of the Nizam. Although the Northern C'ircai's had 
 been granted to the Company by the Mogul in 1765, it was arranged in 1768 that 
 Basalat Jang should hold Guntur for life. 
 
 (7) Sira, formerly capital of a province of the same name, S.E. of Chitaldrug iu 
 Mysore. It passed from Haidar to the Marathas, but was reduced by Tipu in 177 I. 
 
No. 19] 24 
 
 Ally during all this time is at Syringapatani, cither collecting 
 his forces or endevoring to compromise matters for money. 
 The latter, it is said, will take place, because it is not the inten- 
 tion either of the Marattas or the Subah to remain on this side 
 the Kistnah longer than the month of May. 
 
 " Allarmed at the apprehension of this event, and that all 
 our project will be frustrated, we are going to send James 
 Bourchier'^^ to make representations both to the Subah and 
 Mahadarow how impossible it is to effect the overthrow of 
 Hydre Ally in any year if they only cross the River Kistnah 
 in January and recross it in May. For Hydre Ally, aware of 
 this, need only garrison the places in the Sera Country and those 
 of his late conquest north of the ancient Mysore country, and 
 keeping behind Syringapatam with his main body, will never 
 have any thing to apprehend but the burning and ruining part 
 of the open country. Whereas if we proceed hand in hand 
 and continue our operations during the whole year, there is 
 no doubt but the expedition may be accomplished. Mr. 
 Bourchier is also to endevor to bring about a formal Treaty 
 between the Subah and Mahadarow, for which I lateh^ drew 
 out the enclosed reflections and articles.'-* This Treaty 
 we esteem absolutely necessary, for we cannot discover that 
 any agreement at present subsists, and it is said that the 
 Marattas proceeds on in the manner they do that they may 
 have the first plundering of the country and possession of what 
 places they can take. This is a system that must bring on 
 disputes, and will save Hydre Ally if not prevented. 
 
 " The Marattas, it seems, are jealous of the large force we 
 are sending to the Subah, and from the delay of our troops 
 conclude we never meant heartily to enter into the operations 
 against Hydre Ally. In a conversation yesterday with the 
 Maratta Vakeel*'^' Mr. Bourchier endevored to remove that 
 opinion, and assured him it was so much our intention to pro- 
 ceed to the utmost extremitys against Hydre Ally that if 
 Mahadarow would either continue himself on this side the Kist- 
 nah during the year, or leave Gopali Harry'-^' with 10,000 horse, 
 we would do all we could to persuade the Subah to ])crsist, 
 and exert our utmost efforts to expell Hydre Ally from the 
 Mysore country. The Vakeel seemed much pleased with the 
 assurance, and declared his master wished for nothing so nnich 
 as to continue the expedition with us, and he would immediately 
 acquaint hijn of our resolutions. 
 
 " Thus stand affairs at present, and the jjrospect of accom- 
 plishing our views in the ruia of Hydre Ally is very unpromising. 
 
 (1' Jiininf? Mdiiffliioi', brothor of Governor Charles Bournliicr, onlored (ho Madras 
 civil servi(te in 1 751 . Ten years later he was a Prize Commissary after the cai)ture 
 of Pondicherry, and in 17(58 was a member of Council. He left India with his 
 brother in January, 1770. 
 
 (2) Vide infra p. 31 et seq. 
 
 (3) Vakeel, agent, envoy. 
 
 (•*) Gopal Ilari Pant, the Peshwa* Conmiander-in-Chief. 
 
25 [No. 19 
 
 The SubaJi alTcct.s to say that the reason so httle lias been done 
 is owing to the dehiy of our troops, which he expeeted would 
 have joined liini tlie beginning of February ; that therefore 
 notliing can be done this year, and it will be better to take a 
 sum of money for the present, and return again early next 
 year on a better plan of operations. To this it may justly be 
 answered that unless the troops employed against Hydre 
 .Vliy continue their operations the whole year, it will be im- 
 possible to remove him from the Mysore government, because 
 he has nothing to do but put good garrisons in his frontier 
 places and avoid a battle with his main body. Three or four 
 months \sill then soon be spent, and there ends all his fears. 
 AVhereas if Sera, Chinnabollarum, Eengalure and the other 
 countries and places north of the Mysore country be first 
 taken, and the united forces proceed in a body to Syringa- 
 patam, Hydre Ally must either try his fortune in the field or 
 lose the capital, and therewith all his power and influence. 
 I shall only add that we shall use every argument we can 
 suggest to induce the Subali and Mahadarow, either in person 
 or by part of their troops, to continue the campaign during 
 the whole year ; and if we find they are determined to return 
 in May, we must take care not to let our expences exceed the 
 money agreed to be paid the Subah, and we shall know better 
 what dependance to place on such Allys hereafter. To say 
 that the Nabob<^* hath contributed all in his power by sugges- 
 tions and jealousys to break our connections with the Subah 
 would be ad\'ancing what I have no proof of, but if one may 
 judge from conversation and appearances, he certainly does 
 all he can to disgust us with Nizam Ally, and to bring about a 
 closer alliance with the Marattas, in hopes, I suppose, by their 
 means to share in the conquests to be made on Hydre Ally. 
 However, he will be mistaken, for except the country of Dinde- 
 gull and other places on this side the hills, he never shall have 
 possession of any other while I can help it. 
 
 " The disturbances in the Tinnevelly count rys still continue. 
 Major Flint, <^' after taking two heavy guns from Polamcotah 
 and a quantity of stores proper for a siege, marched against 
 the Etavaram Polygar, w^hich lays near Yeypar on the east 
 of that province. He breached the Fort and assaulted it, but 
 w^as again repulsed with loss. He then determined to blockade 
 it, but the Polygars making a sally in the night and being 
 roughly treated, they abandoned that place, Pannyallum 
 Crutch and Veypur, and fled no one knows where ; at least 
 we shall probably hear no more of them till our troops are 
 recalled. On the west side of the province the rebell Polygars 
 are still very numerous and in possession of many places, such 
 as Shatore, Rajapollam, Collangoody and Nadcutch, so that 
 while they remain there is no chance of peace. Considering 
 
 (1) Nawab Walajah. 
 
 (2) William- Flint, sen., held the rank of Colonel in 1775. 
 
No. 19] 26 
 
 therefore that keeping Major FKnt's party always in the field, 
 and that party not being sufficient to crush the rebells or 
 protect the country, ^^•ill not only incurr a considerable expence, 
 but the Nabob will still suffer the loss of great part of his 
 revenues, we have resolved to send 200 Europeans more to 
 join Major Flint's party, some sepoys and guns, intending 
 that the whole shall be 400 military with 6 guns and 2,000 
 sepoys of the Company's, besides the Nabob's troops and the 
 Auxiliarys of Tanjore, Tondeman 'i' and the Maraw^ar. '^^ 
 Donald Campbell, (-^^ as the next eldest officer to Colonel Smith, 
 is to command, and part of his regiment is gone from Vellore. 
 The Nabob has been very pressing for this party to be sent, and 
 by some hints occasionally let fall he seems to have in view 
 the quarrelling with the two Maraw^ars''*' and taking their 
 country. However, to prevent such a measure he has been 
 positively told that while he keeps Madurah it is necessary 
 these people should be his friends, and Donald Campbell has 
 instructions not to enter the Marawar country under any 
 pretence, nor suffer any of their places to be attacked. His 
 operations are to be confined to the rebell Polygars, and these 
 he is directed to extirpate, to demolish every fort, to make 
 severe examples of those he takes, and to establish a canton- 
 ment in such jDart between Madurah and Polamcotah as will 
 best answer the purpose of keeping the country in peace. 
 Donald's knowledge of these parts and the honesty of his 
 disposition will answer our purpose in sending him, and soon 
 put an end to the troubles. 
 
 " About the middle of last month the Nabob came to the 
 Fort, and having desired to speak to Mr. Bourchier and me, 
 confessed to us that he was quite tired with troubles raised and 
 complaints made to him every day by his managers in the 
 country s of Warriarpollam and Arielore. He therefore desired 
 that we would again take those places under the Company's 
 protection and raise another battalion of sepoys out of his 
 troops at these places for the defence of them, but to be com- 
 manded, disciplined and paid by the Company, though made 
 good at the end of the year by him. He then said he w'ould 
 withdraw or dismiss the rest of his troops, and leave the 
 suppressing Polygars and establishing peace and security 
 entirely to us, in which he said he hoped the King of Tanjore 
 would give more effectual and ready assistance. As we hoped 
 a tryal made of these plans of reconciling the Nabob's manage- 
 ment of the revenues with our command of the forces might 
 
 (1) Tondinian was the designation of the ruler of a small territory, now the 
 Pudukottai State, lying immediately south of Trinchinopoly. 
 
 (2) Marairar, the ruler of the Marava country. His territory lay on the coast 
 south of TanjoiM' and cast of Madura, its cliief (own ln'ing llamniid. 
 
 (^) Donald (,'aiu|il)cll, lirothor of Colonel Cliarlos Campbell, was present at the 
 fii-st siege of Madura in 17(>:5. He conducted tlic campaign of 1767 against the 
 rebel Poligars of Madura and Tinnevelly, and subsequently served in the first 
 Mysore war. 
 
 (*) The Great and Little Marawars, of Raninad and Kalaiyarkoil respectively. 
 
27 [No. 19 
 
 induce liim to come more readily into the same measure for 
 the Tinnevelly country, and by degrees dismiss all his sepoys, 
 or at least turn over the best of them to the Company, we very 
 willingl}- agreed to his proposal and have chosen C'aj)tain 
 ]\Iathews*^> with two subaltern|s] of the best dispositions and 
 characters to form this new battalion, to be called the 16th, 
 and to settle the country. Captain Mathews has very 
 l^articular instructions for his behavior, and is fully acquainted 
 of our hopes and views, and we have such an opinion of his 
 honor and good temper that we flatter ourselves we shall 
 be able to convince the Nabob that good men under proper 
 orders are capable of protecting instead of injuring his affairs. 
 
 " After much trouble and some altercation with the creditors, 
 we got the form of a general Assignment and new bonds agreed 
 to, and having collected in all the outstanding bonds and 
 calculated the interest to the 31st January, new bonds were 
 made out for e\'en sums of money, and all the odd pagodas, 
 fanams and cash*-' paid off, so that we find the Nabob's real 
 debt to his private creditors the 1st January, 1767, amounts 
 to 55,800 Porto Novo and 22,29,650 Star Pagodas. <-^» To 
 discharge this the Nabob has engaged that his Naib<^' at Areott 
 shall remit us from certain countrys during this year 8 Lacks '5' 
 of pagodas, and that the King of Tanjore shall pay us his 
 tribute, so that we are to have above 9 lacks of pagodas. All 
 this is very well, but three months of the year are nearly 
 elapsed and not one single pagoda is yet come to our hands, 
 nor can I say when these will. The Gentlemen from Bengali 
 who are creditors write in very strange terms, and tax the 
 Council here with having been very arbitrary and gone much 
 beyond the Company's orders, and add that they are allowed 
 by the regulations there to take the usual interest till the 
 30th April, and after that 12 per cent., which they expect to 
 have, or else demand immediate payment of their money. 
 This is very fine in speculation : I may as well insist on it that 
 I should have 8 per cent, for my money in England because I 
 liv^e at [a] place where it is the common rate of interest. And 
 as to demanding their money, why every body else would do 
 so could they get it. It is necessity that has pointed out the 
 present regulation to put every body on a footing, and not 
 any orders of the Council, and I do firmly believe that all the 
 
 (1) Richard Mathews served in the first Mysore war, and commanded al I lie 
 attack of the hill fort of Mull)agal in 1768. In 1783, when Brigadier General in 
 Malahar, he was besieged by Tipu at Bednore. The place surrendered after a 
 protracted defence, and Mathews was taken to Seringapatani, wlierc lie died in 
 confinement. 
 
 (2) The Cash was a coin of account, 80 going to the silver fancini. 'riie Paijodu 
 at this period contained 42 fanams. The smnjlest copper coin stitick appears to 
 have had the value of 4 cash of account. 
 
 (■^' The Star Paijoda, first struck in 1741, was a gold coin with tlie device of a 
 star on the reverse. Its stoi-ling value was about 8s. The Porto Novo Pagoda 
 was coined by the Xawal) and was of lower weight and value. 
 
 (*) Naib, deputy. 
 
 f5) Lack, lakh. 100,000. 
 
No. 19] 28 
 
 Avise heads in India could not have devised a more equitable 
 or simple method than we have established. The Nabob now 
 knows what he owes and to whom (which he never did before) 
 and every body knows hoAv much he owes and the measures 
 taken to pay off his debts fairly and equally to all as the money 
 comes in. We keep an open diary of our proceedings and a 
 regular sett of books open to the inspection of every creditor, 
 so that the most obstinate may be convinced of the justice 
 that is done them. 
 
 " The Nabob has sent part of his baggage to the Mount*^' 
 and proposes to leave us about the 23rd instant. It is high 
 time he was gone, for he never will be easy himself nor let 
 others be so while he stays here and listens to every tale that 
 is brought him. Nazeabeaur Cawn<^' has been playing some 
 tricks at court, and he has got the Subah to forbid the Nabob's 
 Vakeel from going to the Durbar or from going near Colonel 
 Smith. This same chap too affects to assume the management 
 of all our affairs, and lets Colonel Smith know just what he 
 pleases. The Nabob is much displeased at this, and begs we 
 will get him removed, for he will otherwise spoil all his and our 
 affairs. The fifth lack is not yet gone either in bills or money, 
 nor do I hear when it is to go. 
 
 " Lewin Smith'-^* hath recovered half the old ballances from 
 Hussein Ally, and therewith supplyed the northern factorys 
 with Madrass pagodas, (^> which we cannot get here at any rate. 
 He is now at Setteavaram settling with Sittaramrauze,<°' 
 but it seems that chap is very untractable, and does not seem 
 inclineable to pay even two lacks of pagodas for the Chicacole 
 Circars. The first point Lewin sticks on is bills for the 3rd 
 Kist"'' of last year, and he says he hopes to get them in a day 
 or two. Then he will proceed to the conditions of this year. 
 Sittaramrauz wants assistance to reduce more Zemindars. 
 This we are determined not to giyc, for the more powerful he 
 is made by our means the more troublesome he will prove to 
 us hereafter, and I think I see already that he must be reduced 
 next year or the latter end of this. 
 
 (1) St. Thomas's Mount, a hill 8 miles S.W. of Madras, capped by an ancient 
 Portuguese cliapel, is the reputed original burial place of St. Thomas. The East 
 India Company cstalilished a garden-house at the Mount in 1685, and the place 
 became a sanatorium and holiday resort. From 1770 it was the headquarters of 
 the Madras Artillery. 
 
 (2) Najib Yar Khan. 
 
 (3) John Lewin Smith entered the Madras civil service in 1752, and two yeare 
 later was a momljcr of the Vizagapatam Council. He accompanied the expedition 
 of Cornish and Draper to ilanila in 17G2asone of tlie Company's representatives. 
 In 17()7 he was serving as Chief at Masulipatam. 
 
 (4) The Old Madras Pagoda bore figures of Vishnu and his two wives on the 
 obverse, and had a granulated reverse. It was replaced by the M.M. Pagoda in 
 1730, which gave way in its turn to the Star Pagoda. The Old Madras Pagoda 
 liowever continued to be struck at Fort St. George for use in the Northern 
 Settlements. 
 
 (^) Sitaram Raz was a powerful Zemindar of Chicacole in the Northern Circars, 
 who tyrannized over his weaker brethren. 
 (6) Kist, Ar., instalment of revenue. 
 
29 [No. 19 
 
 " We have made Bandarnialanka'^' an independant factory 
 of Maziilipatani, and given Wliiteliill*-' leave to send one of 
 the servant[s] to Madapolhmi in h()])e.s of getting more cloth. 
 Sulivan'-^* is gone with liim as an assistant. Charles or James 
 Bonrchier will tell yon a long story of the Vizagapatam Invest- 
 ment. I fear that part of the CmnderVs cargoe is in the same 
 condition ; if so, it may spoil the sale of all the other goods ; 
 therefore it should he hinted to the Directors to examine the 
 Vizagapatam bales. Tlie discovery has retarded the dispatch 
 of the ship mnch, and given us abundance of trouble, for some 
 of the Council attend every day to examine every bale and 
 every piece. Nor is this all the inconvenience we have to 
 apprehend, for many other bales from the nortlnvard not 
 being arrived, w^e fear we shall not have tonnage enough for 
 the Pigot. 
 
 " We have yet received no further news of our Manilla ship, 
 nor of the sepoys from Zoloo.^*' The Minerva from Pegu is 
 just come into the road, but I cannot say what kind of voyage 
 she is likely to make. The Szvan, after many perils and adven- 
 tures, got safe to Malacca, and from thence sailed to the Malabar 
 coast, where, we hear, she arrived the middle of January, and 
 Will Powney<^' was then very well. The Devonshire'' s packet 
 and recruits were landed at Anjengo and sent to Palamcotah, 
 from whence we received our letters, and among them several 
 for you, which Mr. Morse took in charge. This ship w^as at 
 anchor in our road during part of the gale of wind, and suffered 
 much in the masts and rigging, so that she was obliged to bear 
 away for Galle after trying to reach Madrass again. 
 
 " I have now written all the publick news I can recollect. 
 As for private anecdotes I have none but such as you will have 
 elsewhere, especially of George, <•'* who left us about three weeks 
 ago. A sly chap he was never to drop an hint or let me dis- 
 cover by any means what he was about. Though I knew it 
 very soon, yet we never exchanged a syllable on the subject 
 to the time of his embarking from [? for] Bengali. Poor James 
 
 (1) Bandarnialanka. Vide No. 69, p. 94, note 2. 
 
 (2) John Whitehill entered the -Madras civil service in 1752, and was one of 
 the Prize Commissaries for Pondicherry in 1761. When Chief at Masulipatam in 
 1776 he visited England, and on his return in the following year found himself 
 provisional Governor pending Thomas Kumbold's arrival. He again acted as 
 Governor in 1780 until suspended l)y the Governor General for disobedience. 
 
 (3> John Sulivan was one of three brothers who served in Madras. The eldest, 
 Benjamin, arrived in India as a barrister in 1777, and was appointed successively 
 Government Advocate, Attorney General, and a Judge of the High Court. The 
 second brother, John, entered the civil service in 1765, successfully tendered in 
 1771 for the erection of the Madras Arsenal and new Hospital, and afterwards 
 served at Masulipatam and Tanjore. From 1801 to 1805 he was Under Secretary 
 .for War at home, and he survived until 1839. His younger brother, Richard 
 Joseph, became a Writer in 1768, was afterwards Secretary in the Military Depart- 
 nient at Fort St. George, and was created a baronet in 1804. 
 
 (■*' Zoloo, Sulu, a group of islands in the Kastern Archipelago, whither Alexander 
 Dalrymple had been sent in 1762, to open up trade with Madras. 
 
 (5) Vide No. 10, p. 14, notei2. 
 
 (6) George Vansittart and James Bonrchier both souglit the hand of Miss Sarah 
 Stonhouse. The lady accepted Vansittart. 
 
No. 19] 30 
 
 was greatly hurt at first, and is still very dolorous, though he 
 declares he will not think of any closer connection. 
 
 " Government seems to set very easy on our Friend. He is 
 very desirous of making every boddy happy, and of pleasing. 
 I ease him as much as possible of all military plans and details, 
 and indeed I am never happier than when I can be of use to 
 him or the publick. I shall be perfectly easy till I hear from 
 you or see Mr. Du Pre<^' arrive, and then I shall consider about 
 returning to England, but I Avill do nothing rashly. My concerns 
 in the Nabob's hands will keep me at least till the end of next 
 year, let what will happen, for I must get home some more 
 money. 
 
 " Lord Clive writes me, just as he was preparing to embark, 
 that he should endevor to send Dupre to Bengali if he was not 
 appointed to this place before his Lordship got home. For 
 my part I am as indifferent about it as ever I was about any 
 event of my life, and I think I should rather rejoice than repine 
 at a good reason for going home. 
 
 " I hope you have found England every thing you expected 
 or could wish it. Perhaps the introduction of Mr. Pitt — I 
 should sa}' Lord Chatham — and Lord Shelbourne to the Ministry 
 may have brought JMr. Sulivan'-> again into the direction, and 
 consequently Mr, Van.'"^' I wish all my friends well and 
 
 (1) Josias Du Pr^, son of the Company's Secretary of the same name, entered 
 the Madras civil service as Factor in 1752 at the advanced age of 31. He served 
 as Secretary and Solicitor to Government, and in 1761 was Tenth of Council and 
 Import AVarehousekeeper. After a period spent in England, during which he 
 married Rebecca, sister of James Alexander of the civil service, he returned to 
 Madras in 1768 as second member of Council. He negotiated the jDeace of 1769 
 with Haidar Ali at St. Thomas's Mount, and in January, 1770, succeeded Mr. 
 Bourchier in the chair. His period of office was marked by a great development 
 of the fortifications and buildings of the Presidency town, by improvement in the 
 pay and position of the Company's ser%'ants, and by difficult relations with the 
 Xawal) resulting from the action of the Crown. Du Pre resigned in February, 
 177.'), and retui'ned to England to reside at Wilton Park, Bucks. 
 
 (-) Laurence Sulivan was appointed a Factor in the Bombay civil service in 
 1741. Ten yeai'S later he entered Council, but returned to England in 1752 on 
 account of ill-health. In 1755 he was elected a Director of the Company and 
 served four years, l>ecoining Deputy Chairman in 1757 and Chairman in 1758. 
 Thereafter he was repeatedly re-elected to tlie Directorate, and he held office as 
 Deputy Chairman in 1763, 1772 and 1780, and as Chairman in 1760, 1761 and 1781. 
 From 1760 h(» was in conflict with Clive's party, who opposed his great influence 
 (111 Indian iiolicy. When invited by a resolution of the Court of Proprietors to 
 I'd urn to India, Clive made his acceptance conditional on Sidivan's exclusion from 
 the Chaii'inanshii) in 17til. From 1765 to 1768 Svdivan was out of the Direction, 
 but his impecunious circumstances and love of power impelled him to bid for office 
 again and again. He was on good terms with Hastings, and was an intimate 
 friend of Robert Palk. Sulivan sat as M.P. for Taunton from 1762 to 1768, and 
 for Ashburlon from 1768 to 1774. He died in February, 178(5. 
 
 (■5) Henry X'ansitlart, son of Arthur Vansittart of Shollesbrook, Berks (whose 
 daughter Anne married Robert Palk) was born in 1732. His mother was a daughter 
 of Sir John Stonhouse, Bt. Apjjointed to the Madras civil service at the age of 
 thii-teen, Vansittart ai'rived at Fort St. David in 1746, narrowly escaping captm-e 
 ofl" Madi-as, which had lie(>n taken by the French. He studied Persian assiduously, 
 and rai'ly in 1751, when Secretary and Translator at Fort St. George, he joined (he 
 Rev. Roller) I'alk in a mission to Sadras to confer with the French regarding a 
 siispension of iiostilif ies.' In the following December he accompanied Palk lo 
 Pondicheri'y in connexion \vi( h 1 he Treaty of Peace with the French. In the same 
 
31 [No. 19 
 
 happy, and I know of none wlio partake more sincerely of my 
 best wishes than you and Mrs. Palk, to whom I desire my most 
 respeetful comphments, hope all the little family is well, and 
 desire you will believe me, my dear Sir, your most oblige[d] 
 and affectionate 
 
 " John Call." 
 [Autograph, 21 f pp., 4to.] 
 
 [Enclosure.] 
 
 [Memorandum by Colonel John Call.] 
 
 " We are now entering on a very interesting and expensive 
 expedition, but the expence will be well laid out if the grand 
 object can be accomplished. This object is the entire overthrow 
 of Hydre Ally Cawn, who has usurped the government of the 
 Maysore country, and being at the head of a large body of 
 forces, in possession of a considerable treasure and revenues, 
 and ambitious of extending his conquests, appears ready to 
 take the first opportunity of invading the Carnatick and dis- 
 turbing the tranquility of that part of the country which it is 
 our principal care and interest to maintain and preserve in 
 peace. 
 
 " The Marattas, it is imagined, are equally desirous of reducing 
 Hydre Ally's power, and fortunately for us Nizam Ally Cawn, 
 Subah of the Decan, hath desired that the assistance of our 
 troops, which we are bound by treaty to give him, shall 
 immediately be employed for the same purpose. Nothing 
 could tally more exactly with our own interest and inclination 
 at this juncture ; and though we ought to be exceeding cautious 
 how we contribute to aggrandize the power of the Marattas, 
 yet as it is not possible for us to act against them in conjunction 
 with the Presidency of Bengal, agreeable to Lord Clive's grand 
 plan of reducing the Maratta power in general, till we have 
 reduced Hydre Ally and secured peace to the Carnatick while 
 we are employed elsewhere, so on this occasion we must tem- 
 porise and seem to fall in with the views of the Marattas, who 
 are the avowed and natural enemies of Hydre Ally. 
 
 " The grand point we have to obtain at the first setting out 
 is to bring about a formal Treaty between the Subah and 
 ]\Iarattas, by which the pretensions of each party may be 
 ascertained, and the disposition of the conquered countries 
 fixed. For unless this is done it is hardly possible that 
 two powers acting from different motives and independent 
 
 year he had married EmeUa, daughter of Nicholas Morse, hite Governor of Madras. 
 He was a member of Mr. Pigot's Council in 1758, and in the following year was 
 nominated Governor of Bengal in succession to Clive. \'ansittart assumed office 
 in July, 1760, and ruled Bengal until 1764, when he returned to England. He 
 purchased a house at Greenwich and property in Berkshire. Entering Parliainent 
 in 1768, ho was elected a Director of the K;ist India Company in 1769, and was 
 appointed one of tliree Commissioners to effect reforms in India. Tlic 
 Commissioners sailed in the Aurora in September, 1760, and the ship was never 
 heard of after she left the Cape in December. 
 
No. 19] 32 
 
 of each other should persist in the prosecution of an enterprise 
 where many events may be expected to embroil them with 
 each other, or to divert one of thein from the undertaking. 
 With us it is quite different : we only seek to procure tranquility 
 for the possessions we have, and we think that point cannot be 
 obtained while Hydre Ally Cawn continues to govern the 
 Mysore country. No offers, no concessions, no opposition 
 ought to divert us from our purpose if it can be effected : on 
 the other hand we had better never engage in it unless we can 
 make sure of our Allys and fix them steady in the same pursuit. 
 
 " The Subah, it may be supposed, will be the most easily 
 prevailed on to abandon the expedition, provided Hydre Ally 
 makes large offers of inoney, because the Subah's treasury is 
 quite empty, and there is a strong party at his court, w^ho, 
 actuated by the same motive, will plead strongly in favor of 
 Hydre Ally. Should we discover this to be the case, and the 
 Marattas continue firm, we must endevor to form a closer 
 connection with them, for it may be regarded as certain that 
 with their assistance the object of the expedition may be 
 accomplished though the Subah should not take any part therein. 
 Nay, more, it is highly probable that the Subah, seeing us and 
 the Marattas determined to persist, will rather fall in with our 
 views than risque the loss of his importance by withdrawing 
 from the Alliance. 
 
 " But should the Marattas, either by the force of money or 
 from a political motive founded on the apprehensions they may 
 entertain of ours and the Subah's designs against them after 
 the downfall of Hydre Ally is effected, be induced to accom- 
 modate matters with Hydre Ally, and, while the Subah is 
 engaged on the expedition, form designs on any part of the 
 Decan or threaten the Carnatick with an invasion, it is beyond 
 a doubt that we shall be obliged to relinquish the enterprise. 
 This event then is to be guarded against by every precaution 
 we can suggest, and in order to accomplish the establishing 
 a Treaty, as well as to reconcile all jcalousys and apply in 
 time proper argimicnts to prevail on both parties to adopt our 
 sentiments, it appears highly necessary that some person of 
 conse(jucnce sliould be scut to attend the Subah and Mahadarow 
 while Colonel Smith is engaged in his military operations, who 
 by his address and attention to e\"ery turn and event may 
 manage both parties in such a manner as to keep them steady 
 in prosecuting imanimouslv the expedition against Hvdre 
 Ally. 
 
 " One maxim must be laid down as positive and without 
 deviation (viz.) That as httle territorial possession as possible 
 be ceded to the Marattas, and in case the cession of some part 
 cannot be avoided, then it should be in that part of Hydre 
 Ally's possessions most remote from the Carnatick, that they 
 mav not become our neiohbours. To obviate anv discontent 
 on this head, a larger sum of ready money nmst be given by 
 
33 [No. 19 
 
 the Siibali, and the future Choutc"' be engaged to be punetually 
 paid. 
 
 " On these principles it is to be wished that the following 
 articles could be agreed to between the Subah and the JVIarattas 
 under our guarantee. 
 
 " 1st. The contracting Powers, assisted by the English 
 forces, shall nuitually and vigorously act in conjunction against 
 Hydre Ally Cawn till he falls in action, is made a prisoner, or 
 quits the government of the Maysore country and all other 
 countries he has usurped ; and neither party shall withdraw 
 their forces or make a separate peace without the consent 
 and approbation of the other party. 
 
 " 2nd. Whatever forts or towns may be taken during the 
 course of the expedition shall be garrisoned and kept by the 
 Subah's troops till disposed of as hereafter stipulated ; and 
 in case any treasure is found therein or otherwise taken, it 
 should be equally divided between the contracting parties. 
 
 " 3rd. When Syringajiatam is taken and the country of 
 Mysore entirely reduced, the government of it shall be restored 
 to the ancient family of the Rajah upon their agreeing to pay 
 
 annually a tribute or peshcush'-' to the Subah of lacks of 
 
 rupees. 
 
 " 4th. The country dependant on Sera or Sirpi being an 
 ancient domain of the Subah of the Decan, he shall be at 
 liberty to appoint whom he pleases to the government thereof, 
 and fix the peshcush at what sum he thinks proper. 
 
 " 5th, The country lately conquered by Hydre Ally Cawn 
 from the Queen of Biddanore shall be given up (if it cannot be 
 avoided) to the Marattas, to be by them restored to the late 
 family that governed, on such terms as the}' can agree on. 
 
 " 6th. All the other countrys and districts on the Malabar 
 coast conquered by Hydre Ally shall be restored to the late 
 possessors on such conditions as the Subah shall think proper ; 
 unless under this article the Subah, in return for the services 
 we may have rendered him, shall so manage that the English 
 Company may have certain grants and privileges near Calicut, 
 Tillichery, Onor,'^' or at other places most convenient for their 
 trade. 
 
 " 7th. The country of Bangalure, that of Chinnaballabaram, 
 and that formerly possessed by Mararow'^' near Cadapanattam'"'' 
 shall be disposed of as the Subah shall think proper, and the 
 peshcush to be paid for them shall be settled by him. 
 
 " 8th. The country of Dindegul shall be restored and ceded 
 
 (1) Choute, tribute levied by the Marathas of one-fourth of the revenue ; from 
 Mar. chauth, a fourth part. 
 
 (-' Peshcush, tril)ute ; from Pers. pesh-Kashlv, to place before (a person), to offer. 
 
 (3) Onnr, Honavar, a port on the Malal);u' const. 
 
 f-^' Mo-ari Rao, a Maratha freebooter, Cliicf of Gooty, served as a niei'conary 
 in 1750-51, sometimes with, l)ut generally against the British. He declared himself 
 independent, but was compelled to submit to the Peshwa. 
 
 (•'*' Kadapanattam, (iO miles west of Volloi-e, 
 
 C 
 
No. 19] 34 
 
 in perpetuity to the Nabob of the Carnatick as a dependance 
 on Trichinapoly, and all the countrys on the east of the hills, 
 such as Ahture, Chilnaick, Gegadevy, Yaniambady, &c., and 
 all the passes near them, shall be put into the said Nabob's 
 hands and ever hereafter be deemed a part of the Carnatick 
 Payen Gatte,*^' in consideration of his having paid part of the 
 seapoys with the English troops on this expedition. 
 
 " 9th. That part of the country taken by Hydre Ally Cawn 
 from the Cudapah Nabob shall be restored to him, and the 
 peshcush of that country fixed on reasonable terms, provided 
 he assists with all his troops on the expedition. 
 
 " 10th. A provision of some country, either what he at 
 present holds, or elsewhere to a larger amount, shall be made 
 for jNIararow in consideration of his services, if he assists against 
 Hydre Ally. 
 
 " 11th. Bazalet Jing and the Nabob of Canoul shall acknow- 
 ledge the Subah's sovereignty over the countrys they now hold, 
 shall always be obedient to him, and pay annually such a sum 
 for peshcush as the Subah shall agree to. 
 
 " 12th. In consideration that Mahadarow faithfully agrees 
 to all the above articles, and assists the Subah to establish 
 his authority over the above countries, he shall be paid at the 
 
 end of the expedition the sum of lacks of rupees, and 
 
 shall receive annuallv from that time as a lawful choute one 
 fourth part of all the peshcush the Subah receives from the 
 countries south of the Kistnah." 
 [10 pp., 4to.] 
 
 [No. 20] 
 [Colonel] John Call to Rob[er]t Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1767, March 21st, Madrass. " My dear Sir, By the Anson 
 I have sent you, on your own account and risque, with some 
 diamonds of my own and Gocull's*-' 2,000 Pags. worth, the 
 produce of which will be paid you by Mr. Cotsford,'" and 
 you will also receive herewith a bill at 8s. 9d. the pagoda 
 for 1,800£, being an equivalent for Pags. 4, lit 9f. 05c. 
 more, which you run the risque of home ; so that your 
 whole risque on the Anson is Pags. 6,1 14 9f. 65c., and 
 would have been about 8,000 Pags. but that I was obliged 
 to spare some to Mr. Morse in retiuni for some he gavG you on 
 the Camden. If any more diamonds come in before the Pigot 
 sails, which I imagine will be in fifteen days at farthest, I shall 
 endcvor to send some on your account, or to get bills. 
 
 " The remains of your money advanced to Gocull for 
 diamonds is Pags. 7,885 321'. 15c., which you may be assured 
 I will get in diamonds or bills as soon as possible, or make him 
 
 (1) Payen Galie, the territory l)olow the Eastern Ghauts ; from Pers. pa.in, 
 ))elo\v, and Hind, ghat, a raiifj;e of liills. 
 
 (2) Gokal Tai'vadi, diaiiinnd im^rcliant. 
 (:J) Willian-i C.itsford. 
 
35 [No. 20 
 
 pay the interest between the dispatch of the Pigot and the 
 October ship. 
 
 " The Marattas, it seems, have taken Sera, Meddighery, 
 formerly belonging to Morarow, and Rani-beddalure, where 
 the Queen of Biddanore was confined, and are now advancing 
 to Syringapatani. I only wish they may continue their 
 measures, and that we may not quarrell by and bye with them 
 to take out of their hands what they thus lay hold of before 
 we and the Subah join them. 
 
 " Lewin Smith hath got Soucar'^* bills from Sittaramrauze 
 for his third kist of last year amounting to 1§ lack of rupees, 
 but he still writes that he is apprehensive he shall not prevail 
 on the Rajah to pay two lacks of pagodas for the next year 
 without assisting him with troops, which we are utterly against 
 and hope to avoid. 
 
 " Mr, Law'-' some time ago returned to Pondichery, and 
 the moment he landed put Mr. Bayellan and all or most of the 
 Council under an arrest for their very refractory conduct 
 during his absence. He brought Nicolas and other Councillors 
 back with him to occupy their places, and it is said he is deter- 
 mined to send them all home on a ship now ready to be dis- 
 patched from Pondichery. We hear they have at present 
 no money to advance for an Investment. I can recollect 
 nothing more to add but to repeat my assurances of being, 
 my dear friend, your very obliged and affectionate 
 
 " John Call." 
 [Holograph, 3 pp., 4/o.] 
 
 [Enclostire.^ 
 
 GocuLL Tarwaddy to Messrs. John Call'^' and William 
 CoTSFORD, General Post Office, London. 
 
 " Exchange for £sl800 at 8*. 9rf. and 30 days. 
 1767, March 21st, Madrass, " Gentlemen, Thirty days after 
 sight of this my second bill of exchange (my first and 
 third of the same tenor and date not being paid) and 
 upon the safe delivery to you of two bulses of diamonds 
 sealed with my seal and marked No. 17 and 19, value as 
 per invoice sent you Pags.l9,204< 23f. 50ca. please to pay 
 to Robert Palk, Esq., or his order, at whose risque so mucli 
 of the said bulses of diamonds is to be conveyed to you, 
 the sum of eighteen hundred pounds sterling out of the 
 produce of the said bulses of diamonds. But in case of the 
 loss of the said bulses or any part thereof, you are then only 
 to pay to the said Robert Palk, Esq., or his order, at the rate 
 of 8s. 9d. for every pagoda's worth of diamonds of my concern 
 delivered to you according to the price in the invoice, and you 
 
 (1' Soucar, a native banker. 
 
 (-' Jean Law, Chief of C'ossiiuliazar and brother of Jacques Law wlio surrendered 
 at Srirangain, returned to France in 1702. He was subsequently appointed 
 Governor of Pondicherry. 
 
 (•■5) Father of Colonel John Call. 
 
Ng. 20] 36 
 
 will place the whole of this transaction to the account of, 
 Gentlemen, your most obedient humble servant, 
 
 " GocuLL Tarwaddy." 
 [Autograph, \ p., demy.] 
 
 [No. 21.] 
 
 Ch[arle]s Bourchier to [Robert Palk, Esqr.] 
 
 [Endorsed in Palk's hand] " Governor Bourchier." 
 
 1767, March 22nd, Fort St. George. " My dear Friend, 
 I am almost too late to send you even a line b}' this ship, 
 the Anson, though she has been detained much longer than 
 I expected by a lucky discovery of some torn and darned 
 cloth in some Vizagapatam bales overset in the surff, which 
 led us to an examination of some others, and to our 
 astonishment above a 6th part of their whole Investment 
 has been found in that condition, which is above 130 l^ales. 
 We thought it therefore most prudent to land near 800 bales 
 that had been shipped on board, and they being in the same 
 state with the rest, it is well we did so, or we might 
 have incurred severe resentment from home. I think they 
 will not disapprove this proceeding, though it has occasioned 
 the ship's detention, as such a quantity of torn cloth must 
 have prejudiced the sale of the rest, and the freight on it 
 would have come to as much or more than the demorage 
 incurred by the dela}^ 
 
 " I have had scarce a leisure hour since you went, so much 
 has the ceremonials on my coming to the Government, the 
 correspondence with officers on conmiand, frequent visits to 
 and from the Nabob, who is still here, and much other business 
 engrossed my time and attention. You must forgive me there- 
 fore if I do not give you a detail of our political affairs since 
 your departure. This I am the less anxious about, as Call tells 
 me he has wrote you fully on the subject. It is one I must 
 own I am not fond of. but our engagements with the Soubah 
 have led us into such a scene [? skein] that it will require more 
 of my attention than any other part of the Administration. 
 His Excellency'^' can't avoid still shewing his enmity to the 
 Soubah, but as I have already foimd that being a little austere 
 sometimes, and insisting on his compliance with what is right, 
 has a proper effect in keeping him within bounds, I hope to 
 prevent his being so ridiculous as to let his idle conduct be 
 known so as to reach the Souba's ears. I have indeed, my 
 dear friend, a heavy burthen to support for some time. I 
 have, however, the pleasure to tell you my friend Call is kind 
 enough to assist me very essentially, and I hope, if I enjoy 
 my health as well as I do at present, I shall rubb through it 
 tolerably well and see you at furthest in the year 1770. 
 
 " At the Nabob's desire I have sent you a letter from him 
 
 (') Nawab Walajah. 
 
37 [No. 21 
 
 inclosed. He imagines Mr. Van Sittart can explain it, and 
 therefore would not have it wrote in English. 
 
 " 1 send you one also for Mrs. Palk from Miss Stonhouse.'^' 
 I believe it is on a subject that you little imagine, and that it 
 will therelbre surprize you both. I confess to you I wish she 
 had never made her appearance in this Settlement, for she gave 
 me much uneasiness before you went on account of my brother's*^' 
 attachment, and this has been much increased by George Van 
 Sittart's paying his addresses to her, which he did within a week 
 after you was gone. After he had in a manner engaged her 
 consent, which, however, I must say she told him she would not 
 give without I approved it, he came to talk with me about it. 
 I candidly made him acquainted with my objections, indeed as 
 freely as I did my brother, and assured him, as I was persuaded 
 it would give you and Mrs. Palk uneasiness, I never could 
 concurr in it. He endeavored all he could to induce me to 
 determine otherwise ; but as you and Mrs. Palk seemed averse 
 to my brother's being so attached, I could not imagine otherwise 
 than that you will be much more affected at George's desire 
 to be so intimately connected with her.*^* I therefore persisted 
 in assuring him I could not alter my resolution, which he took 
 in very good part, as he said he perceived it proceeded from the 
 affection I bore you and Mrs. Palk. In what manner he repre- 
 sented it to the young lady I can't say, but she has never even 
 hinted to me a word of what had passed between her and George. 
 Since he left us I ha\ e heard that they are so farr engaged that, 
 if he is not ordered home for his behavior to Lord Clive, which 
 he suspects may happen, he is under a promise of marrying 
 her. I have taken an opportunity of letting her know that I 
 imagined such a step would not be looked upon by you and 
 Mrs. Palk as a handsome return for vour kindness to her here. 
 This has in some measure embarrassed her, but still I lind she 
 thinks her honor is too farr engaged with George to retract 
 with credit to herself ; that is, according to my idea of the 
 matter, that she would not willingly have you and* Mrs. Palk 
 displeased, but finds it too good a match to be relinquished ; 
 and if you are so, she can't help it. I may be too severe in my 
 sentiments of her possibly, and I shall be sorry if I am so, but 
 I can't divest myself of the opinion I once told you I had of her, 
 that she is mistress of too much art for so young a woman, 
 and in many circumstances relating to her conduct I am con- 
 firmed in it, as are many other people here. 1 shall leave no 
 endeavors untried to prevent their coming together that I can 
 decently pursue, persuading myself that you and Mrs. Palk 
 will be pleased if 1 succeed. Poor Jim cannot divest himself 
 
 (l> Miss Sarah Stonhovise, daughter of the Rev. Sir James Stonhouse, 7th Bart., 
 a physician who afterwards took lioly orders, becauie the wife of Gieoi'gt> Vansittart. 
 She and her husband were remote cousins, his mother iiaving been Martlia Ston- 
 house, daughter of Sir Jolm Stonhouse, 3rd Bart. 
 
 (-' James Bourchier. 
 
 (3) Mrs. Palk was Vansittart's sister. 
 
No. 21.] 38 
 
 of the prejudices he had in her favor long before you went away, 
 although he yielded to my persuasions and yours to decline all 
 thoughts of her for a wife ; indeed he has been more affected 
 since George became her admirer than before, arising both from 
 his affection for you and Mrs. Palk, and his regard for the young 
 lady, and what will be the end of it I don't know. I wish he 
 may not run away with her from George, and yet he is so 
 different from what he used to be that I had rather see him 
 married to her than that he should continue under so great an 
 anxiety of mind as he now does. At the same time I shall be 
 extreamly sorry if she is ever married to George, for I much 
 doubt from the short acquaintance they haAe had together if 
 they have realy much affection for each other, and she seems 
 to be ill calculated to make a discrete wife for so careless a chap 
 as George is. In short, my dear friend, the whole affair has 
 perplexed and vexed me to a very great degree, and I am not 
 likely to be relieved from this situation for some time. I 
 sincerely wish you and Mrs. Palk may suffer much less about 
 her than I have done. I have desired Mrs, B. will send me no 
 more female recommendations, and I must entreat the same 
 favor of you and Mrs. Palk. 
 
 " Of the two pipes of madeira you left here to be sent home, 
 Capt. Lennox has taken one, as will Richardson the other. 
 Lennox's receipt is inclosed, and as he is a very obliging, good 
 kind of man, I cannot avoid, as it is [his] particular request, 
 recommending him to your kind offices if it should at any time 
 lay in your power to assist him in geting a good voyage. 
 
 " As you was so kind to give me leave, I have desired Mrs. B. 
 and Cotsford to consult you in the disposal of some money I 
 remitted home by the Camden and now do by the An.son, and 
 I shall be obliged to you to favor them with your advice on 
 the occasion. There are great complaints of the bad quality 
 of the diamonds now sent, which makes many people appre- 
 hensive they will sell very ill. In this you are interested as well 
 as myself. If they should do so, how are we to get home any 
 more of our money at a better exchange than 7s. 8d. ? Pray 
 favor me with your sentiments about this matter. 
 
 " My being obliged to neglect Mrs. Palk by this conveyance 
 concerns me much, but you are so powerful and [?an] advocate 
 that I doubt not you will readily pre\ail on her to forgive me. 
 Let me beg you will assure her that, although I make but an 
 awkward figure in her place at the head of the table, a remem- 
 brance of her civilities is too strongly imprinted in my mind 
 for me ever to think otherwise tiian that I am under the greatest 
 obligations to her, and my best wishes always attend her. 
 Be assured, my dear friend, I have as deep a sense of gratitude 
 for your innumerable favors conferred upon me, and can never 
 cease to acknowledge myself your most sincerely obliged and 
 affectionate ' " Chs- Bourciiier." 
 
 [P.vS.] " The Pigut will sail in about ten days or a fortnight." 
 [Holograph, 7| pp., Uo.\ 
 
3!) 
 
 [No. 22.] 
 
 W|illiam] M[artin] Goodlad to | Robert] Palk, [Esq.] 
 
 1767, March 22n(l, Fort St. (ieorgc— " Dear Sir, I embrace 
 the very first opportunity, my dear Mr. Paliv, of returning you 
 my unfeigned tlianks for the favors you heaped on me during 
 vour stav in India. There is not, I assure vou, a dav passes 
 but they occur to me, nor do I ever reflect on them without 
 earnestl}' wishing you will give me some opportunity of shewing 
 the grateful sense I must ever retain of them. 
 
 " Nothing material has occurred in the Company's affairs 
 since your departure, and the operations going forward will 
 be so nuich better related by your other correspondents that I 
 shall avoid troubling you with anything on the subject. 
 
 " I have received a bond from the Nabob for the thousand 
 pagodas he promised to Withecombe's'^' father. It becomes 
 due the 1st Febrviary, 1768, and bears interest at 10 per cent. 
 As you left me no instructions concerning it, I know not whether 
 you would chuse the whole to be remitted when it becomes 
 due, or whether the bond is to be renewed and the interest only 
 sent home annually. I beg you will write me on this subject. 
 I shall remit the first year's interest without waiting your 
 reply. 
 
 " There is one circumstance, my dear Sir, on which I must beg 
 your advice. I remember you once mentioned to me that the 
 reduction of the Nabob's interest would be a considerable 
 drawback to my mother's income. It struck me so much 
 that I could not make an ingenuous reply, for you must know 
 that I have never allowed her more than 8 per cent, and my 
 reasons were these : — When my mother offered me this money, 
 it was with a view of being of service to me as well as herself, 
 and she repeatedly wrote me that she should be well satisfied 
 with 8 per cent. When I put it into the Nabob's hands I 
 concluded the risk to be mine, and therefore never wrote her 
 that it was there. I declare solemnly that, had the Nabob 
 failed, I should have thought myself accountable for the money 
 (as indeed I do to this moment), and I so far concluded the 
 interest to be mine that I remember to have once wrote her 
 tliat I cleared 12 per cent, by the money. I beg, my dear my 
 [?]\Ir.] Palk, you will favor me with your opinion on this matter. 
 If you think the 20 per cent, should go to my mother, I will 
 chearfully pay it, for I shall be then convinced that I have acted 
 wrong, though without any intention of doing so. It will, 
 I confess, be some disappointment to me, but I would pay fifty 
 times the sum rather that it should be imagined I could enter- 
 tain a thought of keeping to myself what is the right of another. 
 
 " The dispatch, which we thought would be nothing, has 
 
 (1) This Withecombe, who had probably been in the Nawab's service, may have 
 been a connection of Robert Palk, whose brother Walter married into the family 
 of Widdicombe (or Withecombe). Robert Palk, jun., left a legacy to one Tiiomas 
 Withecombe. Cj. Xo. 414. 
 
No. 22] 40 
 
 proved very heavy, and fagged me confoundedly. It is in a 
 good eause, and I shall probably continue writing in the same 
 post these ten years. . . . 
 
 " I flatter myself this will find you happy to the utmost of 
 your wishes, rewarded with ease and tranquility after a scene 
 of care and trouble. You know not, my dear Mr. Palk, how 
 well I wish you. I beg you will present my respectful 
 compliments to Mrs. Palk, and believe me with real esteem and 
 regard ^'our infinitely obliged and obedient humble servant, 
 
 " W. M. GOODLAD." 
 
 [Holograph, 3| pp., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 23.] 
 George Yansittart to Mrs. [Anne] Palk. 
 
 17G7, April 3rd, Midnapore.— " My dear Mrs. Palk,— Here 
 I am, safely moored for I hope four or five years, and perfectly 
 well pleased with my new abode. I wrote to Palk the middle 
 of last month by the Nottingham. If the Mercury, which is 
 now just ready to sail, should chance to arrive first in England, 
 pray acquaint him that I believe I should be saved the trouble 
 of a trip home even if the Court of Directors, through their 
 great impartiality and clemency, were to rout me out of the 
 service by their answers to the Grenville. I have been assured 
 by some members of the Select [Committee] that I should be 
 maintained in my station till their further pleasure could be 
 known. 
 
 " My present place of residence is very different from the 
 greatest part of Bengal. Instead of being a low, rich soil, it is 
 a high spot, very hard and rocky, and looks as if nature had 
 intended a hill but miscarried ; and at this season of the year 
 land winds prevail similar to those which you used to be so 
 fond of at Madras. 
 
 " Three days ago I wrote to Harry,' i' but I forgot to inform 
 him of a piece of news ; so I must employ you to communicate 
 it to him — an office which, as you are so well versed in the revolu- 
 tions of Hindostan, you will doubtless have pleasure in executing. 
 The Abdallee'-' haxing thrashed the Sics<'' and obliged them to 
 pay him a large sum of money, is advanced to within a few 
 cose'''^' of Delly at the head of 100,000 horse. He has written 
 to the chiefs of the empire to attend him with money and troops, 
 and it is said to be his intention to seat himself on the throne 
 of Hindostan. So our old friend Shah Aulum'-'' is like to lose 
 his kingdom. Yours most affectionately, 
 
 " George Yansittart." 
 
 [Holograph, 3 pp., 4io.] 
 
 (1) Henry Vansittai't. 
 
 (2) Ahiuad Shall Alxlfili, otliorwiso called Ahmad Shah Duifmi, approached 
 Delhi witli an arniv in -March, 1707, but retreated in tlio following month. 
 
 (3) The Sikhs. 
 
 (j) C'oKC, cons, a varial)lc' measure of distance, generally about two miles. 
 (5) Shah Alant, the titular emperor. 
 
41 
 
 [Nof 24] 
 Chocapah to the Honourable Robert Palk, Es(jr. 
 
 1767, April 3rd, Fort St. George.—" Honourable Sir, I had 
 tlie honour to write a few lines under the date of the 3rd of last 
 month j)or sliip ^inson. . . Last Monday the Governour and 
 Council was pleased to settle the present year's contract for the 
 Honourable Conipan\''s Investment the same as last year, but 
 only took the long cloth medlin'^' from Dessoo Rcddy and gave 
 to Mootaniary Chitty. Dessoo Reddy and Moota Chitty have 
 not behaved well in their duty of bringing their cloth agreeable 
 to their contract. . . The Governour and Council was pleased 
 to tell me in consultation that I have behaved very well, and 
 they are willing to give me some more articles, but there is none 
 at present, and therefore I must be contented with the 
 Salempores*-' fine, the same as last year. 
 
 " We have, not yet received any further news from Manilah, 
 which we expect every day. The Nabob still remains in the 
 Company's Garden, and it seems that he will go to Triclmaply 
 in a day or two. . . . 
 
 Chocapaii. 
 
 [Autograph, 2 pp., 4 to.] 
 
 [No. 25] 
 [Colonel] John Call to [Robert Palk, Esqr.] 
 
 1767, April 6th, Madrass. — " My dear Sir, By this ship you 
 will receive a duplicate of what I wrote you by the Anson. I 
 believe I shall not be able to get any more diamonds to send 
 you till next October. If any should come they will be sent 
 partly on your account to Mr. Cotsford and my father as before. 
 
 " All the detachments of our troops having been very near 
 the Subah the 25th ultimo, Colonel Smith waited on the Duan<-^' 
 and acquainted him that he was very uneasy at the Subah's 
 dilatory manner of proceeding, and the reports which were 
 spread of his intention to return very soon to the Decan and to 
 make up matters with Hydre Ally. He therefore desired to 
 be informed without evasion what were the Subah's real 
 intentions, that he might judge how far it was consistent with 
 his orders to conform thereto. After many excuses the Duan 
 declared that the Marattas having deceived the Subah and 
 already ])lundered all the country of what was to be got, and 
 the season of the year being far advanced towards the period 
 of repassing the Kistnah, the Subah for these reasons was 
 resolved to accept Hydre Ally's offer of money if he would pay 
 50 lacks of rupees, and proposed to defer the prosecution of the 
 expedition till next year, when he should set out much 
 earlier. 
 
 (1) Middling, of medium texture. 
 
 (-' Salempores, a variety of cotton cloth, made chiefly in South Arcot. 
 
 (3) Duan, diivdn, the Nizam's minister. 
 
No. 25] 42 
 
 " This was an event we most apprehended would ruin all our 
 project, and you may imagine Colonel Jo<i> was very much 
 chagrined. He urged a thousand arguments to induce the 
 Subah to persevere, and above all assured him that there never 
 was a finer body of troops sent out of the Carnatick than we had 
 sent out on this occasion, and that perhaps it might not be 
 in our power to assist him so effectually another time. Both 
 the Duan and Subah seemed deaf to all that could be urged, and 
 only rcplyed that the Marrattus had always deceived them, 
 and that in future they would entirely be guided by our advice, 
 being persuaded of our real inclination to support the Subah's 
 authoritv. Thus matters stand with Jo and the Subah ; but 
 we do not yet give up the point, and James Bourchier with 
 Stracey'-^ sets out to morrow to try whether he can be more 
 successful in the persuasive strain, or else to insist on the 
 Company's possessions and the Carnatick being included in any 
 arrangement that may be made with Hydre Ally. 
 
 " About the same time we received Jo's letter a Vakeel 
 arrived from Mahadarow, acquainting us of his master's success 
 in taking Sirpi and all the country north of Bengalure, asking 
 Choute for the Carnatick, and expressing a surprise that we 
 should have joined the Subah with such a powerful body of 
 troops without acquainting his master. To the first part we 
 rcplyed that we were Aery glad to hear of his master's success ; 
 to the second, that we never should consent to pay any Choute 
 for the Carnatick after the King'-^* and the Subah had confirmed 
 it as an Ultumgan<^' or free gift to Serajah Doulah,'^) and after 
 we had fought so much to maintain it in its present state : he 
 would therefore do well to touch no more on that subject. To 
 the third we obser\'ed that the Subah had assured us of a solid 
 and firm agreement made between him and the Marattas to 
 attack Hydre Ally, and that we had readih^ joined him in 
 consequence, and even acquainted jMahadarow of our intentions, 
 though he affected to be surprised at it. The Vakeel then 
 complained of the Subah's dilatoriness, and said that his master, 
 finding the Sul^ah was resolved to make up matters and return, 
 had been necessitated to adopt the same jjlan, though much 
 against his inclination. 
 
 " We told the Vakeel that we had still hopes of engaging the 
 Subah to persevere, and therefore desired he would Avrite his 
 master to defer the intended acconnnodation and wait till our 
 army came up. To this he observed that his master could not 
 depend on the Subah, but was apprehensive that with our 
 
 (1) Jo.scpli Smith. 
 
 (2) lOdwai'il Stracoy, a Madras civil servant of 175S, was Persian Translatm- in 
 ITiilt, wlion lio accompanied Du Pr6 to St. Thomas's Mount to settle tonus of peace 
 willi Uaidar. 
 
 (3) The Mogul. 
 
 W Ultumxiaii, from Turk, and Hind. ullai)u/ah, red seal, i.e., a royal grunt under 
 red seal. 
 
 (5) Siraj-ud-daula, one of (he titles of Nawah Wal-i jah. Cf. No. 3(), p. 5S. 
 
43 [No. 25 
 
 assistance \\v iwlvndvd to (juarrcll with the Marattas. IT we 
 would engage to join Maluiciarow and act with him, lie would 
 readily stay and prosecute the expedition to the utmost w^e 
 could wish, without retaining any countries in his hands. After 
 nuich other diseoiu'se it aj)peared clearly that Mahadarow was 
 \ery suspicious ot" the Subah's designs, and would not wait till 
 he came near him, but that he would be very glad to have our 
 friendship, and act, as the Vakeel expressed it, under our orders. 
 There is no saying what quantity of truth there is in all these 
 declarations, but that we may lose no opportunity of coming 
 at the designs of the iNIarattas, I am to set out privately 
 to-morrow imder pretence of visiting and providing for the 
 defence of the passes, and when arri\ed at Cadapanattum or 
 Palameleru,*^' Mahadarow himself, as the \'akeel says, but I 
 suppose some person deputed by him, is to come thither and 
 connnunicate to me the Marattas' real intentions, and if 
 anything can be effected to gain our point against Hydrc Ally, 
 I hope to accomplish it without interfering wdth the grand 
 plan laid down by Lord Clive. 
 
 " If both the Marattas and Subah (with whom we are deter- 
 mined not to break, and risque the tranquility of the Circars) 
 are resolved to go back next month, we shall then so far change 
 our project as to endevor to bring about a peace between the 
 Subah and Hydre Ally exclusi\'e of the Marattas ; to confine 
 him to the ancient Mysore dominions, settle the future Peiscash, 
 and engage him to assist us against the Marattas if there should 
 be occasion hereafter. 
 
 " Mr. Bourchier seems a good deal affected with this 
 disappointment of his hopes, and many of the members of the 
 senate cry out, ' I said it would come to this, and a pretty figure 
 we cut trulv.' For mv part I think verv diffcrentlv, and see 
 nothing more in it than this : — The Subah by treaty is entitled 
 to our assistance ; he asked it, and we gave it to him. He told 
 us he should attack Hydre Ally, and we rejoiced because it 
 coincided with our interest. We even went farther and sent 
 a poW'Crful body of troops, hoping by that step to engage the 
 Subah to root out Hydre Ally entirely ; but he ne\cr promised 
 us any such thing, and perhaps never intended to do more 
 than draw a sum. If then we are disappointed, we have nothing 
 to blame but our own sanguine hopes, which flattered us that 
 everything would go on as we would have it. Another time 
 we must endevor to know what w^e are going about before we 
 set out ; an.d at present comfort ourselves that we have faith- 
 fully adhered to our engagements and have 7 lacks of the 
 Subah's to make good the expence, besides 10 lacks of rupees 
 left clear to the company out of the C'ircar revenue, Lewin'-' 
 having at length let the Chicacole country to Sittaram and 
 Ragorauze for 8 lacks of rupees clear of charges. 
 
 (1) The Pass of Paluianer in the Eastern Ghauts is 10 miles N.E. of the Pass of 
 Kadapauattam, wh.ich is itself 50 miles due W. of \'eIlore. 
 (-) John Lewin Smith, Chief at Masulipatam. 
 
No. 25] 44 
 
 " We are Ibrniiiig a part}^ of observation at Vellore, and I 
 propose to reconnoitre Gegadevy*^' and Vaireanibady,*-' so 
 that if a good opportunity offers, I ha^■c lca\"e to attempt 
 to gain possession of these plaees. 
 
 " The Nabob goes away in three days to Arcott. His money 
 begins to come in from the 1st instant to pay liis private 
 creditors, and I hope he will not fail in his engagements. He 
 is still as jealous as ever of Nizam Ally, and at variance with 
 all his own family. 
 
 " My respects to Mrs. Palk. I have not time to say more 
 than that I am, my dear friend, your most obliged and 
 affectionate 
 
 " John Call." 
 
 [P.S.] " Pray show this to General Caillaud ; I have not time 
 to Avrite to him." 
 
 [Holograph, 8 pp., 4^o.] 
 
 [No. 26.] 
 George Purnell'^) to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 17G7, April 7th, Fort St. George.—" Sir, I take the liberty 
 to trouble you with enclosed duplicate of my last respects to 
 you of the 22nd of last month, and now beg leave to . . repeat 
 my most earnest request that you will interest yourself and 
 influence your friends on my behalf. I present my humble 
 respects to Mrs. Palk. 
 
 " George Purnell." 
 
 " P.S. — Sir, Since writing the above I have transcribed 
 sundry letters from Mr. Morse, dated the 2nd instant, to his 
 correspondents in England, wherein he acquaints them of his 
 design to withdraw from business after the dispatch of the ship 
 in March, 1769. It is therefore most humbly submitted to you, 
 Sir, whether, for divers reasons too obvious to need repeating, 
 it be not the more necessary to make immediate application 
 to your friends in my behalf, lest any delays might be 
 prejudicial to my interest. I flatter my self. Sir, that you will 
 be so good [as] to excuse this sollicitude in me. 
 
 "G. Purnell.'* 
 
 [Holograph, 1 p., demy.] 
 
 [No. 27.] 
 
 Rob[er]t Palk [jun.] to Robert Palk, Esqr., London. 
 
 1767, April 7th, Fort William. — " Dear Sir, T deferred writing 
 to you by Captain Howe as I was in the hope of having something 
 satisfactory to write you regarding myself. When 1 left Madras 
 I thought I should not meet with any difficulty in getting 
 
 (') Jegadevi Puss, thnnigh which flows the Palar River, is (id miles S.W. of 
 Vellore. 
 
 (2) Vaniambadi, on the Palar River, where there was a fort, is 35 miles W.S.W. 
 of Vellore. 
 
 l-^) George Purnell was a free merchant of Madras. 
 
45 [No. 27 
 
 appointed Goorge's'^' assistant to Midnapore in case nothing 
 better offered. On my arrival here I found that vacancy had 
 been filled up by one three years younger in the service tlian 
 myself. I was told on my arrival that gentleman should be 
 removed if possible to make room for me, but now I am told it 
 can't be done. I have been assured by persons to whom you 
 have recommended me that I shall be provided for the first 
 opportunity ; so that I can give you no better account of mysell" 
 than that I am living in Calcutta at a great expence without 
 anything coming in. 
 
 " When I arrived here I foimd the money you lent me laying 
 dead in your attorney's hands, notwithstanding the particular 
 request of George that it should be employed to the best 
 advantage. I am now employing it to the best advantage, but 
 I fear I am rather too late to expect much from it this season. 
 
 " Mr. Kelsall'-' is appointed Chief of Dacca in the room of 
 Mr. Cartier,^'" who resides in the Presidency as Second [in 
 Council.] 
 
 " Two of our brigades are marched towards Illiabad on a 
 report of the Abdallah's^^' coming down from Delly against us 
 by the particular desire of Shuja Dowla,'-^^ as it is asserted, who 
 in all probability will join them against us. 
 
 " I will (for many reasons) defer writing any thing of the state 
 of affairs here in this Settlement, &c. You will hear from other 
 hands how matters go on. I hope you will not forget to send 
 me Chambers's Gardenner's Dictionary. 
 
 " Mrs. Plowman'6) has been delivered of a child, and is so ill 
 that the doctors think she will not get over it. I desire my 
 compliments to Mrs. Palk, and am with great respect, dear Sir, 
 vour most obliged and obedient servant, 
 
 " RoBT. Palk." 
 • " P.S. — I wrote to you and Mrs. Palk, before I left Madras, 
 by the Anson.'' 
 
 " 12th April, Mrs. Plowman is no more." 
 
 [Holograph, 2f pp.. 4-to. iVax seal bearing the Palk arms.] 
 
 [No. 28.] 
 
 Ja[me]s Johnson*"' to [Robert Palk, Esqr.] 
 
 1767, April 11th, Fort St. George. — " Sir, You kindly promised 
 to use your influence in my behalf with the Court of Directors 
 for my admission into their service, and though I have little 
 
 U) George Vansittart. 
 
 (-) Thomas Kelsall, a Madras civil servant of 1755, was transferred to Bengal 
 in 176(5. In 1707 he was 9tli member of Council. 
 
 (3) John Cartier succeeded Verelst as Governor of Bengal in 1769. 
 
 (4) Ahmad Shah AbdaH. 
 
 (5) Shuja-ud-daula, Xawab Vizier of Oudh. 
 
 (6) Wife of Henry Plowman, George Vansittart's partner in private business. 
 (") James Johnson, a free merchant from 1761, was associated with W. M. 
 
 Goodlad, the Civil Department Secretary, in private business. He was afterwards 
 employed by the Nawab. 
 
No. 28] 46 
 
 pretence to such an act of friendship from you, the encourage- 
 ment you ever gave me induces me to solhcit your good offices. 
 
 " The Nabob's debt is at last settled. The amount of the 
 new bonds is Porto Novo Pags. 55,800 and Star 22,29,650. 
 Payments of the revenues began the first instant, and 29,000 
 pags. and a bill for a lack and ten thousand rupees are already 
 received. 'Tis imagined when the Tan jour tribute of 4. lacs 
 of rupees are received there will be money sufficient to make 
 a general dividend of 10 per cent. Mr. Ross,'^' who you know 
 is busy in all affairs but his own, has endeavoured, contrary to 
 the general voice of the creditors, to obstruct the proceedings 
 of the trustees and alter their plans. His remonstrances were 
 too unreasonable to merit even an answer. 
 
 " Some bales of Vizac[apatam] cloth were in landing 
 accidentally damaged. Being opened, it was discovered that a 
 very considerable part was torn. All the bales being examined 
 were found in the same condition. John Davidson, '2) the 
 Warehousekeeper, we fear will bear the whole censure at home. 
 His letter on the subject, far from vindicating him, acquaints 
 the Council with more truth than prudence that inexperience 
 makes him unfit for that employ. 
 
 " I must not forget to thank you for your promise to Goodlad 
 of recommending us to the Coral consigners. I think it a 
 valuable branch of business if early entered into, and it cannot 
 be very desirable to persons high in the service, as you have 
 already experienced.'^' 
 
 " I desire you will present my compliments to Mrs. Palk. . . 
 
 " Jas. Johnson." 
 
 [Holograph, 3 pp., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 29.] 
 J[ohn] M[axwell] Stone'*' to Rob[er]t Palk, Esq. 
 
 1767, April 15th, Fort St. George. — " Dear Sir, I could not 
 avoid by this conveyance enquiring after your's, Mrs. Palk's 
 and your family's health, particularly as it gives me at the same 
 time an opportunity of expressing the sense I have of the many 
 obligations I am under to you ... 
 
 " With regard to publick affairs, I make no doubt but you 
 will have a full account of them from Mr, Bourchier and Mr. 
 Call. I shall, however, do myself the pleasure of acquainting 
 you with the most material occurrences since you left us. 
 
 (1) Andrew Ross arrived as a free merchant in 1752. He took a prominent 
 part in civic affaii-s, and uKiinatcly died at .Madias after a continuous residence 
 of 45 years. 
 
 (2) John Davidson, a civil sci-vaut of 175.'5. 
 
 (■'' Coral was originally iiii|Kirtcd from ]<au'()pe l)y licensed merchants vmder a 
 bond that tlic sale proceeds siuudd lie devoted to the (inrchase of diamonds. From 
 17t)l (lie Governor of .Mndras was i)ermi)ted to receive a consulage oi- conmiission 
 on the coral so imported. The privilege was rclinqidshed in lSt)U. 
 
 (■*' John Maxwell Stone, a civil servant of 1755, was Secretary in the Military 
 and Pcditical J)ep;irlment. He entered Council in 1771 and afterwards supported 
 Lord I'igot's party. He married Mary Scale in 1757. 
 
47 [No. 29 
 
 " The detachments from V(»]l(nir and tlic Circars, on acconnt 
 of the many nnforeseen dillicidtics they met with from the 
 badness of the roads, could not, by the last advices, have joined 
 the Soubah before the 10th instant. Mr. James Bourchier set 
 off from hence a few days ago for the Soubah's Court to assist 
 Colonel Smith in endeavouring to prevail on him to persevere 
 in the expedition, as he has already given proofs of his back- 
 wardness under pretence that it cannot be finished in time to 
 return before the rising of the Kistna. He had only advanced 
 as far as Raydrugiu'e [?]'^* on the northern confines of Hyder 
 Ally's covmtry, and it is much to be feared a small sum of money 
 will induce him to march back without even attempting any 
 thing to Hyder Ally's prejudice. Maudharow, on the other 
 hand, has been very active, having already over-run great 
 part of the Biddenore country, taken Shirpi and several other 
 places, and was marching towards Bengalore. He has had large 
 offers from Hyder Ally, who remains at Syringapatnam, to 
 withdraw, but what his intentions are we know not. The 
 different conduct of Nizam Ally and the Morattas was a 
 convincing proof that they had not agreed on any settled plan 
 of operations, and indeed Ruccun Ud Dowla'-' at last acknow- 
 ledged as much to Colonel Smith. It was therefore a part of 
 Mr. Bourchier's and Colonel Smith's instructions to luring them 
 if possible to some certain determination with regard to their 
 proceedings, as well as concerning the disposal of the countries 
 that may be conquered from Hyder Ally, regarding which such 
 proposals were laid down as were thought would be agreeable 
 to both parties. After all, it is much to be apprehended that 
 Hyder Ally will escape for this time on paying a sum of money, 
 as the Soubah's poverty, with the rapaciousness of his ministers, 
 will probably, in spite of every argument that can be urged, 
 induce him to make up matters and return. Lest this should 
 be the case, a detachment of 200 infantry, four guns and a 
 battalion of sepoys is ordered to be posted near the passes to 
 oppose Hyder Ally, who will, if he has leisure, most probably 
 attempt to disturb the Carnatic. Or, if the expedition goes on, 
 and Hyder Ally should be obliged to withdraw his troops from 
 any of the posts near the passes, we may get possession of 
 such as it may be of importance to secure. 
 
 " This is the present state of affairs. A few days more will, 
 it is hoped, determine the fate of the expedition. The general 
 observation is how necessary it was that the Soubah and the 
 Morattas should have been brought to some fixed and settled 
 plan before General Caillaud left Hydrabad,*^' as Maudharow 
 has not been within 200 miles of the Soubah since Colonel 
 [Smith] joined him, and the Soubah seems so much incensed 
 at the Morattas having got the start of him, that it will probably 
 
 (1) Probably Rayadrug, a hill-fort close to the Mysore frontier. 
 
 (2) Rukn-ud-daula, Minister and Commander-in-Chief to Nizam AH. 
 
 (3) In 1766. 
 
No. 29] • 48 
 
 be difficult to bring them to act with that unanimity so necessary 
 for insuring success. 
 
 " The Circars of Ellore, Rajahmundry and Mustaphanagur 
 are entirely settled in peace, and all the Zemindars have been 
 brought to acknowledge the Company's authority. The 
 Chicacole Circar is lett for eight lacks of rupees for the present 
 year. Sitteramrauze has only taken the district of Vizianagram ; 
 the other part of the Circar is lett to one Ragorauze. 
 
 " Mrs. Stone continues in but an indifferent state of health. 
 She joins in the sincerest wishes for your's, Mrs. Palk's and 
 your family's health and happiness, and in best respects to 
 General Lawrence, with him who is, with the greatest gratitude 
 and esteem, dear Sir, your most obliged and obedient humble 
 servant, 
 
 " J. M. Stone." 
 
 " P.S. I need not say how happy I should be in receiving 
 a line from you. My little girl is very well, but I cannot prevail 
 on Mrs. Stone to let me accept of your exceeding kind offer." 
 
 [Holograph, 4 jjp., flscp.] 
 
 [No. 30.] 
 John Pybus(^) to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1767, iVpril 15th, Mount.'^)— " My dear Friend, Having 
 finished all my publick business for this ship, I am come out 
 here to spend a few days with my good woman and her boy 
 before she takes leave of this delightful retirement, which must 
 now be soon, for the weather begins to be uncomfortably warm. 
 
 I had hopes of His Honor's''^' company to celebrate with a 
 few more friends my dear little Patt's birthday, but he has yet 
 many letters to write to England, which will detain him in town, 
 where he suffers from the longshore winds'^' and wishes for an 
 opportunity of getting relief from this purer air. His Excellency 
 the Nabob, with much seeming reluctance, left us the day before 
 yesterday for Arcot, where he proposes making a short stay 
 and then proceed[ing] to Tritchanopoly. Money comes in but 
 slowly from him for discharging his private debts, and you may 
 suppose his creditors are consequently clamarous. The vicinity 
 of the Morattoes has given the Nabob some disquiet (though I 
 think he has nothing to fear from them) and the apprehensions 
 of an incursion into this country from those maroders alarm 
 ])eople whose only hopes of recovering their fortunes from 
 the desperate state in which they at present consider them 
 are wholely founded on it's tranquillity. Call has, I make no 
 doubt, given you a minute detail of all military and political 
 transactions since you left us. He is at present on the look 
 out at Cuddapanatam Pass for a Vakeel from the Moratta 
 
 (1) Vide No. 13, v 1'^, note 1. 
 
 (2) St. Thomas's Mount. Vide No. 19, p. 28, note 1. 
 
 (3) The Govornoi', C'liai-les Bourchier. 
 
 (4) An enci'vating S.S.W. wind. 
 
49 [No. 30 
 
 Mahadarow in hopes of diving into his designs. His'^' progress 
 in the Mysore covnitry has been very rapid and success astonish- 
 ing, having taken Sirpi, Medgeri and many other small forts 
 Irom llyder Ally without the least opposition. The Queen of 
 Biddanore*-' and most of the principal people of distinction 
 belonging to that country were prisoners in Medgeri, and have 
 been set at liberty by Mahadarow, Hyder Ally is in Siringa- 
 j)atam ])reparing for a vigorous defence should the place be 
 attacked, which will depend on the Subah's resolves. James 
 Bourchier is gone to him*-^' with a view of leading him on, but 
 Colonel Smith seems to apprehend the influence of Hyder Ally's 
 money will be more powerful than all the arguments which he 
 or James can urge. The Morattoes, we heard some time ago, 
 were about settling for a sum of money, but as they still con- 
 tinue their ravages 'tis plain no treaty can yet have taken place. 
 Todd '^* has had a most laborious, tedious and fatiguing 
 march from Velloiu' towards the Subah. He moved the 23rd 
 February, had not joined Colonel Smith the 5th instant, and 
 judged it would be still six or seven days before he could. 
 Fitzgerald*^' with the detachment from the Circars joined Smith 
 the 2nd. Want of provisions has been an universal complaint 
 from all quarters, and as the Morattoes have scoured the whole 
 country through which our troops are to march if they move 
 farther south, and the Subah's army consists of a most numerous 
 rabble, I think this will prove an insuperable obstacle to our 
 operations, unless by moving towards the passes it should be 
 in our power to furnish supplies of grain from this country. 
 The Subah seems unwilling to remain south of the Kistna during 
 the rains, and unless he does, all the past w^ill be labor lost. 
 Hyder Ally writes to us submissively and sues now for the friend- 
 ship he before rejected. If we can make use of his fears to 
 get possession of the forts which command the passes leading 
 into this country, and to secure such priviledges for the Company 
 on the Malabar Coast as the gentlemen there have sollicited, 
 'tis all we nmst flatter ourselves with hopes of from the 
 expedition, and more, I fear, than we shall be able to accomplish. 
 You know it never was a plan that I could think well of, but 
 my best wishes for it's success have kept equal pace with those 
 who were the most sanguine for it. 
 
 (l» Maclhu Rao. 
 
 (-' Bednur, a tf>vvn and district in the north-west part of Mysore. The last 
 Raja dying in 1755, left an heir, Clien Busvaiya, under the guardianship of his 
 widow. Tiie Rani compassed tlie deatli of tlie heir, and in 1763 Haidar attacked 
 Bednur, ostensibly to avenge the nun-dei-. The Rani cai)itulated and was im- 
 prisoned, and for some time Haidar contemplated making Bednur his capital under 
 the name of Haidarnagar. 
 
 (3) The Subah, Nizam Ali. 
 
 (*' Charles Tod was, as Captain, Coiumandant of Sepoys during the siege of 
 Madras of 1758-50, and subsequently Town ^Nlajor of Fort St. George. In 1707, 
 as Lieut-Colonel, he was placed in control of the whole of the native infantry. He 
 served in the first Mysore war. 
 
 (5> Major Thomas FitzGerald. Vide No. 141. 
 
 D 
 
No 30] . 50 
 
 " Donald Campbell'^' is gone with a detachment from the 
 garrisons of Vellour and Tritchanopoly to settle the southern 
 countries, and Major Bonjour'^) is out with a party to prevent 
 if possible any incursions from the Morattoes through the 
 passes. 
 
 " Smith'^' has settled with Sittaramrauze for the Cicacole 
 country at eight lacks, and soucar security has been given for 
 the third kist of last year. Nothing more from the northward 
 since you left us. 
 
 " A sad discovery has been made of negligence in embaling 
 the Vizagapatam Investment, and I fear that part which went 
 by the Loi'd CambderjL was in no better condition. We have 
 exculpated poor old Smith,'*' and Davidson <^) is ordered up. 
 Humanity has saved him from dismission, which he well 
 deserved. 
 
 " Madge'^' wrote to me to endeavour to get home for him a 
 chest of table china intended as a present for Colonel Monson,*^' 
 which he said you would clear from the India House. Capt. 
 Lennox of the Anson was so obliging as to carry it. The mark 
 or any thing else relating to it I am ignorant of, but I suppose 
 Madge has wrote to you about it. 
 
 "George Vansittart, you will no doubt have heard from other 
 hands, has made a bold stroke for a wife, but James Bourchier 
 seems still to maintain his influence with the young lady, and 
 'tis yet a doubt who will be the happy man. I shall leave this 
 subject to be treated on more at large by those who know more 
 of the matter than I pretend to do. 
 
 " You will by this time, I suppose, be about leaving the Cape, 
 where I think it likely you would meet Lord Clive if he recovered 
 his health. India affairs would afford you a large field to 
 expatiate on. He, you and Van'^' must go hand in hand, and 
 take upon you the whole management of the Company's con- 
 cerns at home, and then some regular plan and system may be 
 laid down for conducting them abroad, where they begin to 
 require very able heads and honest hearts for supporting with 
 honor and advantage the whole vast superstructure which has 
 been so suddenly and successfully raised. The most rigid 
 rules of abstinence are still observed in my family that no 
 
 (U Vide So. li), p. ■2(\, nolo ."5. 
 
 (-' Major A lira ham Umi Jour. In 1772, as Lioiil. -Colonel, he liold a coniniand 
 under (Jenorai Jo.sopli Siiiil li in Ihe Marava expedition, when owin^ <<> a miscarriage 
 of ordei'S great slaughter took place among the unresisting onomy at Kaliyarkoil, 
 the capital of tlie 'lattle Marava.' Malignantly attacked in I'higland hy Sir 
 Rohoi't fleicher, IJonJour was completely exonc'ralcd liy Ihc .Mathas ( Ion (Minucnt . 
 He lelt India in 177;) and settled in S\\ if -/Airland. 
 
 (•') John Lewin Smith, Chief at Masulipatani. 
 
 '■^' .lohn Smith, Chief at Vizagaiiatani. 
 
 (•'>> .lohn l>avidson, rirfe No. 28, /<.!(). 
 
 W Captain Thomas Madge, into, lieutenanl in Il.M.'s !)(ith Ileginxent, entered 
 the Con\pany's service in 17(!l. lie comm.imli'il a batl.'ilion of native infantry 
 in the Norther'n Ciroars. 
 
 (") Vide No. 0, p. 12, note 2. 
 
 l'^' llenrv Vansittart. 
 
51 [No. 30 
 
 impediments; may prevent the execution of our plan for leaving 
 India in October next ; so that, let what will happen, you may 
 be assured of seeing me in England about this time twelv^emonth. 
 We are looking out hourly for a ship from Europe, and are told 
 that Du Pre'^) may be expected as a successor to Mr. Bourchier. 
 Such an appointment after a service of four and twenty years 
 would iuu-t mc, I confess, because 'twould be disgracieux to 
 go home imdcr so disagreeable a circumstance ; but so much 
 is my heart set upon being with my young family that no 
 consideration upon earth shall keep me another year in India 
 if my boy is able to undertake the voyage, which I thank God 
 we have at present great encouragement to hope will be the 
 case, as he continues stout and jolly, and is almost weaned 
 already. I shall hoj^e the pleasure of finding a letter from you 
 either at the Cape or St. Helena in my way home, for I shall be 
 anxious to know how poor Mrs. Palk passed the first two or 
 three months of her voyage, which must, I think, have tried her 
 patience, spirits and constitution unless that unhappy woman 
 you carried with you was either soon relieved from her misery 
 or recovered ; and I am most heartil}" vexed to think she should 
 have had so little feeling or consideration for her mistress as 
 not to have accepted the offer made her of being accommodated 
 here. Mrs. Pybus desires most affectionately to be remembered 
 to you, and joins with me in the same to Mrs. Palk. I hope 
 your dear little ones got well over the voyage. Our kind 
 compliments if you please to Harry Van and his family and 
 
 General Caillaud 
 
 " John Pybus." 
 [Holograph, 6 jip., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 31] 
 
 Henry Brooke (2) to Robert Palk, Esq., at the East India 
 
 House, London. 
 
 1767, Aprill 16th, Fort St. George, per the Pigot, Capt. 
 Richardson. — " Dear Sir, I have the pleasure of acquainting 
 you that a few days after your departure Mr. Bourchier and 
 the rest of the Gentlemen did me the honour of calling me to 
 a seat in Council. Sensible of this, mv utmost endeavours 
 shall not be wanting to render myself worthy of it, and I flatter 
 myself that, had you been present, your concurrence would 
 not have been refused, especially after so strict a scrutiny into 
 the Manila disputes had been made, in which I was unhappily 
 concerned. I hope nothing has been determined in your 
 opinion but Avhat will prove my attachment to the Company's 
 interest throughout the whole of that expedition. Had I been 
 
 (1^ Vide No. 19, p- 30, note 1. 
 
 (-' Henry Brooke entered the Madras civil service in 1751, and eleven years 
 later joined the expedition of Admiral CornLsli and General Draper against Manila. 
 He was admitted to Council in 17(37, and in 1776 took an active part lq the de- 
 position of Lord Pigot. In consequence he was recalled to England, prosecuted 
 and fined. He married Marv Allhoarv in 17til. 
 
No. 31] 52 
 
 deficient in my duty or conscious of any failure in my integrity, 
 I would not dare to entreat your good offices for me in the 
 House when those affairs come before them. The great bulking 
 of those papers will frighten the members from a reading of 
 them : they will of course refer to you, who have had that 
 trouble. Your opinion as chief judge here will undoubtedly 
 carry the greatest weight with them ; and as you have allready 
 exculpated me from any capital error, I hope for a continuance 
 of your favour. I am the more induced to this as I am given 
 to understand Mr. Bean is sent home on the Anson by Mr. 
 Drake' ^' in the nature of a solicitor, who boasts not a little of 
 his interest at home, the power of Sir George Pocock,'-' Sec, 
 his relations. 
 
 " Since your departure I have ad[d]ed a little daughter to 
 mv familv, and I have the satisfaction to sav that Mrs. B. is 
 perfectly recovered, who joins with me in wishes for yoiu" and 
 Mrs. Palk's happiness. . . . 
 
 Henry Brooke." 
 
 [Holograph, 2| jjp., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 32] 
 
 W[illiam] M[artin] Goodlad to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1767, April 16th, Fort St. George.—" I shall never be able 
 to let a ship go, my dear Mr. Palk, without paying my respects 
 to you, for I must ever be mindful of your favours. 
 
 " The copies of letters'^' which I promised you have been 
 brought up only to August, 1765. The remainder shall be sent 
 by the October ship. Captain Richardson will deliver you 
 what are done. 
 
 " I am much hurried, and therefore unable to write long 
 letters, but beg you will tell Mrs. Palk as a piece of news that the 
 agreeable Mrs. Maitland'^* of Cuddalore is engaged to Doctor 
 Buchanan. , . . (■^' 
 
 "W. M. Goodlad." 
 
 [Holograph, 1 p., 4/o.] 
 
 (1) Dawsonne Drake, a Madras civil servant of 1712, was in Council in 1759, and. 
 in 1762 was nominali'd iJi'Dspcct ive Govor'iinr of .Manila, lie eventualh' ln'caine 
 a free meroliant. 
 
 (-' Admiral George Pocock .servi-d undi'i' Admiral Walsun at the cai)!!!!'!' of 
 Ghcriali in 17y() and of Calcutta in 17.")7, and on Watson's death succeeded to the 
 command of the East liulia .S(|uadron. lie fought actions witii d'Aelie off Cuddalore 
 in 1758 and off Ceylon in 17o!». He subsequently commanded in the West Indies 
 and was present at the capture of Ha\'ana in 1702. 
 
 '■'' Tliese copies are probably those now jireserved in the Hrilish Museum, 
 (Add. MSS. .'51,688). 
 
 (*' Jane de Morgan became in 1761 tlie wife of Lieut. Richard K. F. .M.iitland, 
 who dii^d of wounds .it tin- siege of .^ladui-a in 176-1 (7./.s7 o/ 1 tiscrijitions, 
 J. J. Cotton). 
 
 ^■''' Dr. Duncan Huchanan married Mrs. Jane Maitland in 1767. 
 
53 
 
 [No. 38.| 
 George Smith <^^ to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1767, October 30th, Fort St. (ieorge. (Received per Hector, 
 22nd A})nl, 17()cS.) — " Sir, I did myself the pleasure of writing 
 you by the Gluten, Capt. Dov^eton, whom I fell in with in the 
 Straights of Banca last January, and informed you of my 
 fortunate escape from Manila and the treatment I had met witli 
 there. The Nabob writes the Company on this subject, and 
 sends them a copy of my memorial and an estimate of the losses 
 arising to him from the iniquitous measures of the Spanish 
 Governor, which amovmts to Spanish dollars 144,650, which if 
 paid we shall make a good voyage. I am not so sanguine in 
 my expectations as to hope for this sum, though no more than 
 we have a just claim for, yet I think the justice of the C[atholic] 
 King will order us a restitution of the presents extorted from 
 us and the ship's denun-rage during her illegal detention in his 
 port. If the Company views this matter in its proper light, it 
 will appear interesting to them, because they have not only a 
 large duty on the goods provided and sent to Manila, but out 
 of the specie, the produce of said goods, they are supplied with 
 silver for China ; and if this is not imported from Manila or 
 Europe all the rupees in the country will be drained for China, 
 and in a short time none to be had, which would be attended 
 with serious consequences unless they send silver to Canton 
 from England, which they have not done for some years past. 
 In this ^'iew I hope they will regard the matter, and apply to 
 his Majesty for his good offices, through his minister at the 
 Spanish Court, for redress of our losses, and that the trade be 
 put on a more certain footing in future ; that is, to obtain 
 permission for the Nabob to send his ships to Manila under 
 the direction of such Europeans as he may appoint ; for if the 
 C[atholic] K[ing] employs foreigners in his service, why may 
 not the Nabob ? I hope you will use your influence to bring 
 this about by the Company, as well as with his Majesty's 
 ambassador at Madrid." 
 
 Various circumstances have prevented me from making 
 remittances to you either from China, Batavia or Madras, but 
 " I have told Mr. Morse that I would pay him the sum T owed 
 vou on demand, or continue it at interest untill I could remit 
 it to you ... I hope you will pardon any disappointment which 
 may arise to you from this money's not being paid in England 
 when due, as it arose from a series of events which I could 
 neither foresee nor prevent ... I have however the satis- 
 faction to -inform you that the sum I owe you is as good as any 
 in India, malgre Dom Joseph Raon,'^) whom if he had 
 succeeded in his avaritious views would not have incapacitated 
 me from paying my debts. I therefore account myself rich. 
 
 (1' George Smith came to Madras as a free mierchant in 1754, and subsequently 
 spent several years in China. 
 (-) Governor of Manila. 
 
No. 33] 54 
 
 1 recei\'ed from the General of Batavia the greatest marks of 
 pohteness and civihties, and obtained a valuable and well 
 assorted cargo at that port to the amount of 70,000 rix dollars, 
 and could the Sultanissa ha.xe carried goods for all the silver 
 on board her, I could have had them, and no questions asked. 
 But all the advantages I expected from this indulgence were 
 frustrated by Capt, Scott's want of judgement and experience 
 in steering an improper course for Ceyloan, which obliged us to 
 bear away for Atcheen, finding it impracticable to fetch any 
 part of this coast, not even Point Palmeiras. We were so far 
 to the East of Ceyloan when in its latitude, and blowing hard, 
 the south west monsoon having broke on us the 18th May, we 
 were obliged to bear away for Atcheen, which we could not fetch, 
 so were forced to go to Queda, which we reached in great distress. 
 We arrived here only the 21st September, and unfortunate as 
 our voyage has been, I hope we will still get our principal 
 concern if the Sultanissa can get a freight to Bombay from 
 Bengal, where she is now gone ; and I hope Mr. Russell will be 
 able to obtain this for us. If the C[atholic] King is just and 
 generous we will get the interest on our capital. 
 
 " The money which you lent Messrs. Jourdan,*^' kc, I have 
 delivered to Mr. Morse : this sum and that lent Capt. Scott " 
 I was unable to remit during my voyage, and I could not think 
 of leaving it " in the hands of any person at Batavia (where a 
 man to day exists and to-morrow is no more) until October, 
 when it would be received into the Company's cash. 
 
 " I brought several curious pieces of Japan ware and china 
 from Batavia, and made a tender of some of them to Mr. Morse 
 for you, but he told me that you had been amply supplied before 
 you departed from hence. 
 
 " I am favored with a most friendly letter from Mr. Vansittart 
 this season, wherein he very kindly desires me to communicate 
 my views as to myself, should not m\' Manila voyage 
 have answered my expectations ... I have taken the liberty 
 of hinting to him that I should be greatly obliged to him for 
 an introduction into Mr. Morse's house on his return to Europe 
 or retiring from business ... as I intend residing here untill 
 I can go home on the terms I have always proposed for myself. . . 
 £20,000 realized in England is the extent of my present wishes, 
 and but for Dom Kaon, I should now have been of this value. 
 As matters have turned out ... I must labour some \ears 
 more ... so have dropt my thoughts of seeing England so 
 soon as I hoped ; and now I have my hands at the oar I must 
 even pull away untill I have got my vessel) into port . . . 
 
 " Mrs. Munro<2' desires her compliments to you and Mrs. 
 
 (1^' F'rancis Jourdan joined as a Writer in 1759, and accompaniod the Manila 
 expedition in 1702. In 1776 he entered Council and held tlie appointments of 
 Land Customer, Rental General and Scavenger. lie sided with the majority 
 against Loi'd I'igot, and was recalled to England in 1777. 
 
 (-' Frances Mary Munro, widow of Dr. Andrew M\inr() and aunt of George Smith. 
 She resided at Madras until her death in 1771. 
 
55 [No. 3.3 
 
 Palk, and says she hopes you have assisted in getting Aurora'^* 
 sent to her under eare of a proper person. I have reeeived 
 Bob's'-' dividend ol" the Nabob's debt to him, and will eontinue 
 
 • . . . 
 
 to receive any more wliich may be made him, whieh I fear will 
 be but small and slowly paid. His mother is very anxious 
 about hers, and no wonder, as almost all her money is in those 
 funds. It Avill, I hope, in time be paid off. 
 
 " I was happy to hear of your and Mrs. Palk's safe arrival 
 at St. Helena, and hope this will find you happily setled in Old 
 England, where that you may live long in health and prosperity 
 I most sincerely wish . . . 
 
 " George Smith." 
 
 " P.S. The money I had in the Nabob's hands was 
 fortunately paid off in the currency of 1766 as my bonds 
 became due." 
 
 [Holograph, 7 jjp., 4/o.j 
 
 '[No. 34.] 
 
 John Calland'-^' to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1767, November 3rd, Fort St. George. — " Sir, The many 
 friendly offices I have received from you, added to the assurance 
 you gave me on leaving India, induces me to take this oppor- 
 tunity of writing you, as it will inform you of a circumstance 
 the most interesting to me that has ever yet happened, since it 
 not only effects [sic\ my character but future expectation, and 
 has badly rewarded me for so many years' service . . . 
 
 " You can be no stranger to the malicious disposition of the 
 gentlemen that I had for my Counsel at Cuddalore, who by 
 encouraging every thing that could oppose me and giving ear 
 to every story that was told them without foundation or 
 enquiry, I must greatly attribute what has happened, flattering 
 themselves that if they could but get me removed, their frauds 
 could not be detected . . . 
 
 " Shortly after your leaving Madras, the old Investment 
 being at an end, a new one was to commence, when I proposed, 
 as the most effectual means of making the Merchants fulfill 
 their future contracts, a penalty of 10 per cent, on failure. This 
 the INIerchants consenting to, a few days after were called to 
 execute them ; but instead of complying, not only refused 
 doing of it, but denied having agreed to any such thing. As a 
 letter had been wrote to the Presidency immediately on our 
 engagement, I was under the necessity of representing this 
 behaviour, when the Merchants were directly ordered up to 
 
 (1' Margaret Aurora Munro, yoiinger daughter of Dr. Munro. She la irried her 
 cousia George Smith in 1769. 
 
 (2) Robert Duncan Munro, son of Dr. Munro, was a Madras civil servant of 17o5. 
 He married Elizabeth Williamson in 1782. 
 
 (3' John Galland, a civil servant of 1751, was Chief at Cuddalore in 17U7, whuu 
 he was suspended. 
 
No. 34] 56 
 
 Madras. But previous to their setting out, Mr. Dowsett'^' sent 
 for Irshapah Chitty, the leading man of the whole and asked 
 him what he had done to me to occasion my being so inveterate 
 as to occasion my writing to Mr. Bourchier in particular 
 against him, to take away his Palankeen and turn him out of 
 the contract. This had the effect which was expected and 
 desired of enraging this man against me, and by that means 
 the others from his influence o^'er them." 
 
 Dowsett having obtained leave, hurried to Madras to repre- 
 sent to Mr. Bourchier that Irsappa Chetti was the cause of 
 the trouble. When the ^Merchants arrived " the GoAcrnor 
 was of course extreamly angry with them, but in particular 
 with this Irshapah Chitty, and laid the whole blame on liim fyr 
 the trouble they had given. This confirmed him in what had 
 been so falsely told him, and fearing the disgrace of having his 
 Palankeen taken from him and turned out of the contract, 
 and the others, not knowing what might happen to them, 
 thought it advisable to fall on some method to appease the 
 Governor's anger, and of course made their application to 
 Narrain Pillah and Chocapah Chitty'-' ... as ha\ing the ear 
 of Mr. Pybus . . . What ^vith preparations for the expedition 
 to Golcondah and other matters, the Merchants continued for 
 six weeks, if not longer, at Madras without anything further 
 passing ; which gave them all tlie time they could wish in 
 preparing and making good their story, and visiting Mr. Dowsett, 
 who was all this time there with them, daily." 
 
 Eventually the Merchants were received by the Governor 
 and Mr. P\'bus, and directed to submit their complaints in 
 writing. At the next Council meeting four of them handled in 
 petitions, which were entered in the proceedings ; the remaining 
 three said they had no cause of complaint. I was then ordered 
 to Madras. " On my arrival I visited the Governor, who 
 received me as he had always done and . . . with the same deceit, 
 his tongue saying one thing and liis heart another. However, 
 from the favourable reception I met with 1 freely told him 
 every thing . . . expressing my astonishment that any com- 
 plaint whatever should be made against me by these people, 
 as I had never given them any cause that 1 knew of, or e\er 
 heard tliey were dissatisfied. From the Go\ernor I went to 
 Mr. Pybus to pay my compliments, who, instead of receiving 
 me with even connnon politeness or ciAility due to a stranger, 
 absolutely insulted and abused me, comparing me to Governor 
 Macraey,'^) and telling me that if what the merchants alledged 
 against me was true, and which he made not the le[a]st doubt 
 of, I ought to be dismissed the ser\ice with infamy (for these 
 were his very words and expressions). . . . 
 
 (1) Robert Dowsett, who entered the Madras civil service in 1754, was 2nd in 
 
 the Cudiljilorc Cnuiiril in 17(i7. 
 
 (■^) Narayan I'illai and L'hokappa Clictti, Madras Merchants for tlu> Company. 
 
 f3) James Macrae, (lovernor of Madras 1725-30, was, on his supersession, charged 
 by cei'tain natives witli lyraimy and acc<'i)tance of brilics. {Madra.i Conttultation, 
 2nd June, 173U.) The charges appear to liave been unfounded. 
 
57 [No. 34 
 
 " Some (laNs after my arrival the petitions were sent me by 
 the Seeretary (another advocate for the cause by his connexion 
 with UoAvsett and Cuming'^') to answer whicli I did accord- 
 ingly ; but foreseeing . . . that I should ha\e tlie worst of it . . . 
 I went frequently and breakfasted with Mr. Bourchier, and 
 desired him to accommodate the matter, since it must hurt me 
 at any rate if such a thing aj)pcarcd on record. But all was to 
 no purpose. His answer was, that as it was now in c\cry one's 
 mouth, the only way was to go through with it . . . 
 
 '' It's unnecessary to repeat what arc in the proceedings, as 
 I haxf s.iit them to Colonel Campbell with direction to get 
 them drawn out in another manner, and to make the whole 
 j)ublick, since 1 not only think myself extreamly injured, but 
 tliere isn't a person in the Settlement acquainted with the service 
 but thinks so too." Suffice it to say that I hope you will use 
 vour influence with the Court of Directors on mv behalf. 
 "Though I intend to proceed to Phigland, 'tis not by choice, 
 but necessity that obliges me to if, and therefore shall perhaps 
 be glad to return again if I can do it with credit . . ." 
 
 " John Calland." 
 
 [Holograph, 8 pp., 4^o.] 
 
 [No. 35.] 
 
 • MooPERALA Kistnia'-> and Rama Kisna to Robert Palk, 
 
 Esqr. 
 
 1767, No^•enlber 4th, Fort St. George. (Received per Hector, 
 22nd April, 1768.) — " Sir, We had the pleasure of addressing 
 you per Anson, and the duplicate of which went per Pigot, 
 wherebv \'ou would have been fullv informed about the Beetle 
 and Tobacco farm is end[ed] to us soon after your departure . . . 
 
 '' Old Kistnia hinted to you several times that after your 
 government this poor country and the inhabitants would not 
 be so happay and quiet as during your. time. Just it has 
 happened accordingly, every body wishing for your goodness 
 and care that lived in peace with all the Powers of the country ; 
 whereas latch' a small body of the enemj^'s horse rode up to the 
 Governor's Garden House, (=^* burning and destroying all that 
 came in their way.''*' Numl5er[s] of poor innocent people from 
 St. Thome, the Mount, Conjevcram and other places were 
 killed, wounded and carried into captivity without one soul 
 going to their defence, which has occasioned such a general 
 consternation in our Black Town that most of the inhabitants 
 
 U) William Cuming, a civil servant of ITfiO, was at Cuddalnro in 17(i7. 
 
 C^) Vide No. 16, p. l!l, nolo I. 
 
 (•5) The Governof's (or ('oiii|iany's) Garden Imuse was situated one luile S.\\'. >>{ 
 the Fort. It is now Government House, Madras. 
 
 (■*' This raid on the suburbs was made on the 28tli and 2!)th September l)y about 
 8,000 of Haidar's cavalry. Madras lieing denuded of troops, the civil servants 
 and other Europeans, as well as the Portuguese and Armenian residents, were 
 armed for the defence of the Fort and To%vn (Madras Letters to England, 8th Oct., 
 1767). 
 
No. 35.] 58 
 
 have sent out their familys to places of security, which is a 
 great hinderance to all trade and business. God send us peace 
 and queetness, for otherwise the poor country will be entirely 
 ruined. 
 
 " It will give us great pleasure to hear of your safe arrival 
 in England, and that you and Mrs. Palk and General Lawrence 
 enjoy a good .health, to whom please to present our most humble 
 respects ..." 
 
 " MOOPERALA KjSTNIA 
 
 " Rama Kisna." 
 
 [Holograph of Rama Kisna, 3 pp., 4fo.] 
 
 [No. 36.] 
 Nawab Walajah to General [Stringer] Lawrence. 
 
 " Nabob Waulau Jau, Ummeer Hind, Umdetul Molck, 
 Seerajah Dowla, Anaverden Cawn Behauder, Munsoor Jung, 
 Sepoy Sardar, 
 
 to 
 
 " Shum Sool Mulk, Hisamood dowla. General Lawrence, 
 Behauder, Hous Bur Jung." 
 
 1767, November 5th, Fort St, George. — " Sir, The Company's 
 ship Hector being now under disjiatch for England, I embrace 
 with pleasure the opportunity of enquiring after your welfare, 
 as well as to acquaint you of the receipt of your letter, with the 
 tcllescope which you was so extreemly good as to get repaired 
 for me. I return you many thanks for the great care vou 
 have taken of it. 
 
 " I am sorry to acquaint you that the house and furniture 
 you was so kind [as] to leave me at the Mount was plundered 
 by our enemy, and particularly the cot you used to sleep upon 
 and the diamond cut globe were entirely destroyed. The loss 
 of these two articles gives me great concern ; but as this is a 
 subject of which you will hear of from some of your friends, 
 excuse me from mentioning [it] any further. 
 
 " Believe me I shall be ever ready of embracing ever}^ oppor- 
 tunity that presents itself of serving you, as I shall be ever 
 sensible of the many great obligations I lay under to you. Give 
 me [leave] to conclude. Sir, by saying I am and ever shall be 
 your sincere friend. What can I say more ? " 
 
 [2^ pp., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 37.] 
 The Young Nawab'^' to General [Stringer] Lawrence. 
 
 1767, November 5th, Fort St. George. — " Sir, My father by 
 this conveyance does himself the pleasure of writing to you. 
 
 " I have received your letter, and am glad to hear of your 
 safe arrival in England, and hope your native air agrees with 
 
 [ you]- 
 
 (1) Aiiiir-ul-Uiuara, Walajah's second and favourite son. 
 
59 [No. 37 
 
 " Wishing- you every joy this life affords, I remain, Sir, your 
 sincere friend ever to eonniiand. What can I say more ? 
 [P.S.] " My two brothers*" present their respects to you." 
 [1 ^;., 4/0.] 
 
 [No. 38.] 
 Rob[er]t Palk to [William Martin] Goodlad. 
 
 1767, November 15th, Spring Gardens. (Received 8th May, 
 1768, per Watson.) — " Dear Goodlad, By the ships lately arrived 
 I have recei^•ed two letters from you which ga\e me nmch 
 satisfaction. I shall always expect and I shall always be glad 
 to hear from you, as I take great part in your success and 
 prosperity. 
 
 " I saw Mrs. and Miss Goodlad yesterday, and was happy 
 to find your mother's health so well reestablished. She men- 
 tioned to me her intention of remitting j^ou one thousand 
 pounds, and I promised to give a bill for that sum Avhenever 
 it was convenient to her. 
 
 " I am settled in a town house at least for three years, and 
 whenever any thing offers to my likeing, I shall make a purchase 
 in the country : for in this very expensive land it becomes 
 necessary to get into a settled way of life as soon as possible. 
 
 " Capt. Martin has left a fine family, and in good time I hope 
 we shall be able to send you one of them. We are selling out 
 the India stock ; by the present price the estate wall be benefited 
 upwards of two thousand pounds. 
 
 " I ha^•e been well recei\ed both by His Majesty and the 
 Company. IMrs. Palk and the children are well, and I expect 
 soon to have an addition to the family. 
 
 " So many gentlemen returning to the Council will not be 
 very acceptable at Madras. Mackay's bar'^) was also intended 
 to be taken off, but that is dropt, for the present at least. Lord 
 Clive has exerted himself for Mr. Call, but Mr. Dupre has carried 
 it.'-^' Annual salaries are settled on the Governor and Council 
 of Bengal, and perhaps at Madras. No European is to trade in 
 salt, &c., and the Governor of Bengal is not to trade at all. 
 Such regulations as these, however, cannot be lasting. 
 
 " I have endeavoured to get you Coral consignments, but 
 with no success I fear. Tell Mr. Johnson'*' that I am sorry to 
 say that all my interest, with Lord Cliv'c's added to it, cannot 
 get my nephew (•^' out a w'ritcr. I hope, however, we shall be 
 more successful after the departure of the Watson. I am, dear 
 Goodlad, your affectionate and sincere friend, 
 
 "RoBT. Palk." 
 
 " Mrs. Palk sends you her best wishes." 
 
 [Holograph, 3 pp., 4/o.] 
 
 (1) Umdat-ul-Umara, VValajah's eldest sou, and Saif-ul-Mulk. 
 
 (2) George Mackay was barred by the conditions of his admission to Council 
 from rising above the position of junior member. 
 
 (3) The Directors determined that Du Pr6 should supersede Call in Council. 
 W James Johnson, cide Xo. 2S, />. to, note 7. 
 
 (5) Thomas Palk, son of Governor Palk's brother Walter. 
 
60 
 
 [No. 39.] 
 [To the Editor] " For the Morning Chronicle." 
 
 N.D, [?1767] — " You are desired to assure the writer off a 
 false and scandalous letter in your paper off yesterday, addrest 
 too L. S. Esq.<^) and signed Pericles, that fame was never more 
 mistaken than in what is alledged concerning 10,000 being given 
 too procure a Govcrmnent for a gentleman formerly in the 
 Church. The appointment at that time met the general appro- 
 bation. He had been long in the service, and without ever 
 applying by himself or freinds too any Director had been made 
 a member off the Select Committee, and had been ordered the 
 publick thanks off the Company and a present as a mark off 
 their approbation near the same time that General Laurance 
 and Lord Cli\e had been rewarded and distinguisht. 
 
 " Mr. Palk almost at the commenceinent off the war on the 
 coast of Caromandel had been deputed with General Laurance 
 too consert measures for its success with the powers from whome 
 assistance was expected, the Misoreans, Marattas, Tanjorins, 
 Maravars, &c. He was in several campains with General 
 Laurance, and in consert with him formed those military regu- 
 lations which have effectually almost ever since kept down the 
 great expence off the army on the coast of Caromandel. He 
 kept the Rajah off Tan jour in freindship and alliance with the 
 Nabob. He had the honoiu' of being appointed too meet the 
 French deputies at the congress held at Sadrass in the time of 
 Mr. Dupleix, when with the assistance of Mr. Vansittart a 
 forgery was discovered in the Mogul's saned.*^' He was also 
 deputed to conculde [sic] the truce with Mr. Godeheu, and his 
 appointment to succeed Lord Pigot was never solicited on his 
 part : it was freely and graciously offered, and given without 
 fee or reward." 
 
 [2 2^P', 4^0.] 
 
 [Note. The foregoing eccentrically spelt letter is written by 
 an unknown hand. It is endorsed in a different handwriting 
 " Mr. Palk's services." The file of the Monii)ig Chronicle 
 preserved in the British Museum is incomplete, and neither 
 the letter signed Pericles nor this reply can be traced.] 
 
 [No. 40.] 
 Robert Palk to [(?)Thomas Saunders.] 
 [Endorsed in Palk's hand] " War with Hyder Aly. Draft 
 
 of a letter to Mr. S."(^) 
 N.D. [cir. 1767.] — " Dear Sir, It having been said that the 
 treaty '^* with Nizam Aly was the cause of the present war with 
 
 (1) Laurence Sulivan, who was Chairman of the Court of Directors when Talk 
 became Governor in November, 176^. 
 
 (-' Saned, Ar. annad, a deed of grant. 
 
 (•'" Mr. .S. was probably either Thomas Saunders or Laurence Sulivan. 
 Saimders is the more Hkely, as he was Deputy Chairman of the Court of Directors 
 in 17ti7, while Sulivan was not on the Directorate. 
 
 l^) The Treaty of I7GG, negotiated l)y Caillaud. 
 
61 [No. 40 
 
 Hyder Aly. wlu'cli it was intended to prevent, T sliall give you 
 very brielly my sentiments on this sidjject, from memory and 
 recollection only, as my papers are in town. 
 
 " When I took possession of the Government in 1703 after 
 an unsuccessful attack on Madura, I saw the necessity of keeping 
 on good terms with Ilyder Aly, not only as he was grown very 
 powerful, hut that he might not intermeddle in the troubles 
 caused by Cawn Saib ; '^' and in this I succeeded so well that I 
 doubtetl not of kee})ing the peace between the Nabob and him, 
 till the surrender of Madura, when manV of his letters of 
 encouragement and promises of assistance were found amongst 
 the papers of Cawn Sahib ; on which I remonstrated to the 
 A^aquil, who assured me his master would in future alter his 
 conduct and by our means hope to live in peace with the Nabob, 
 with whom however he did not correspond. At this time Hyder 
 Aly was attacked by the Marattas, and after several obstinate 
 engagements obliged them to retire from the Misore country. 
 Inuuediately after this he reduced the province of Shirpi*-' and 
 a part of Currapah, and the Nabob of the former with the 
 principal men took refuge with Mahomet Aly.'-^> I endeavoured 
 often to prevail on him to send them away, and he promised 
 they should be carried to Mecca, though Hyder Aly had given 
 like protection to Chunda Saib's son '^' and many others who 
 had been rebels to his government ; and after that Mauphus 
 Cawn, the elder brother of our Nabob, under the pretence of 
 going over land to Bombay and proceeding from thence to 
 Mecca, took shelter with the Misore Usurper. 
 
 " In this manner things went on till the French arrived and 
 Hyder Aly had sufTiciently alarmed the Gentlemen of Bombay, 
 reduced the whole Malabar Coast from Sunda. east of Goa, 
 to Travencore and enriched his treasury with the immense wealth 
 of Bidnoor.'"'* He then came round in the rainy season to the 
 neighbourhood of Caroor, west of Trichenopoly, and fmding 
 that place too strong to be carried by a sudden attack, he 
 desisted from that enterprize ; but he spread so much 
 disaffection by sending Mauphus Cawn**"'' toward the Madura and 
 
 (1) Muhammad Yusuf Khan, commonly known as " Cawn Saib," attracted 
 notice in 1752 by his gallant behaviour under Captain Dalton at Utatur. In 175^1 
 he received a commission as Commandant of the Company's native troops, and he 
 did good service Avith the field force during the siege of Madras in 1758-59. He 
 subsequently became Renter in the Southern districts, and the power he wickled 
 tempted him to aim at independence. Obtaining French assistance, he fortified 
 himself in Madura, where he was besieged by Donald Campbell in 1703 and Ciiarles 
 Campbell in 1701. The place ultimately capitulated after a protracted defence. 
 Yusuf Khan was delivered up by M. Marcliand and was executed as a rebel. 
 
 (-) Sira or Sirpi. Vide Xo. li), p. 2;5, note 7. 
 
 '3) Muhammad Ali Khan, Nawah of Arcot and the Carnatic, who received the 
 title Walajah in 1705. 
 
 (*) Chanda Sahil> had been supported by the French in his claim to be ruler of 
 the Carnatic in opposition to ISluhammad Ali, who was backed by the British. 
 Chanda Sahib fell into the hands of tlic Tanjoi-c general in 1752 and was beheaded, 
 but he left a son, Raza Sahib, who was natui'ally regarded with disfavour by the 
 Nawab. 
 
 (5) Bednur. Vide No. 30, /). 19, note 2. 
 
 (6) Mahfuz Khan, elder brother of Nawab Muhammad Ali. 
 
No. 40] 62 
 
 Tinnavilly Polligars that those very large districts scarce paid 
 the expence of the troops we were obUged to keep there. I 
 should before have said that Caroor had been taken from the 
 Misorians when they endeavoured to relieve Pondicher}', and 
 though frequently demanded, nobody judged it ought to 
 be ceded, especially as Dindagul, which formerly belonged to 
 Trichenopoly, had been added to the Misore Government. 
 
 " The French were now at Pondichery and the great number 
 of prisoners from Trichenopoly and [Madras delivered up to 
 them, unable to pay them or willing to create troubles and 
 encourage their old allv Hvder Alv, thev suffered their officers 
 and men to desert to him ; and when the Nabob remonstrated 
 against so suspicious a conduct they said Pondichery was open, 
 and therefore not in their power to prevent desertion. 
 
 " In 1765, after Nizam Aly's disgraceful attempt on the 
 Arcot Province, and demanding 17 years' tribute, great court 
 was paid to him by Hydcr Aly, Mauphus Cawn sent to Hidrabad, 
 and a saned obtained for the Carnateck. 
 
 " It now became necessary to set on foot a negotiation with 
 Hyder Aly, to which we were the more encouraged as we had 
 all along to all appearance kept on very good terms with him. 
 I therefore prevailed on the Vakil to make the proposal 
 as from himself ; and it was determined that Mr. James 
 Bourchier, one of our Council, should be deputed to him, and 
 he accordingly set out with proper instructions and presents with 
 the Vaquil, who was to meet his master on the other side of 
 the hills and advise Mr. Bourchier at Velloor of the place of 
 interview. But after waiting an unreasonable time he returned, 
 and Hyder, having changed his mind, gave in excuse that 
 troubles on the Malabar coast called for his immediate presence. 
 The Vaquil confessed to me that his master and his Dirbar'^' 
 were so intoxicated with their success that they seemed to 
 think even the Europeans could not stop their career. 
 
 " In this situation I prevailed on the Nabob to send a trusty 
 person to Nizam Aly to insinuate to him the bad consequences 
 which would attend the seat of the Dekkan Government from 
 our neighbourhood in the Circars if he persisted in encouraging 
 Hydcr Aly, and this messenger had instructions on the part 
 of the Nabob and us to estabhsh harmony and a good under- 
 standing ; but Nizam Aly was so much exasperated against 
 the Nabob that he would not listen to any proposals. I was, 
 however, at the same time acquainted that if I applyed for a 
 gentleman of our own to come, he should be furnished with a 
 passport. 
 
 " Accordingly General Caillaud went and concluded the 
 treaty'-) which gave us quiet possession of the Circars and, 
 what we judged of equal consequence, an easy method of putting 
 
 (1' Dirbar, durbar, ministers, Coiu-t, hall of audience, lev^e : ivom Pers. dar-bdr, 
 within the court -yard. 
 
 (-) The Treaty of Hyderabad of 12th November, 170C. 
 
0.3 [No. 40 
 
 an end to the views of Hydcr Aly on tlic Carnatcck, witlioiit 
 making ourselves ]:)rineipals, hy obliging him to pay his long 
 arrears of tribute to Nizam Aly, to eonline himseli' within the 
 bounds of the antient kingdom of Misore and to leave the Nabob 
 in possession of the passes, wliieh it was our intention, as well 
 as the Company's orders, to take possession of as soon as 
 possible, but which would- never be done without coming to 
 hostilities, most of them ha\ing been formerly surprized by 
 Hyder Aly ; and without these it was in the power of every 
 petty PoUigar to disturb the peace of the Nabob's country from 
 Tinnavilly to Cadapa, a length of 700 miles. 
 
 " Many unforeseen accidents happened to prevent the speedy 
 success of this expedition, which was intended to be undertaken 
 with all possible dispatch, and it was reasonably imagined that 
 20,000 horse of Nizam Aly's joined to [a] reasonable body of 
 our Europeans and sepoys, with a good train of artillery, would 
 in a few months happily finish the expedition ; but unfortunately 
 Nizam Aly was so tedious and dilatory in joining that when [he] 
 entered the hills which divide the Carnateck and the Misore 
 country, it was almost time to return to save his passage over 
 the Christna ; and the rains soon coming on, in which the army 
 could not act effectually, the want of subsistence and pay for 
 his troops induced him through necessity to change sides and 
 accept the offers of Hyder x\ly ; though the army in the Circars. 
 soon made him repent of that measure so contrary to treaty 
 and his own true interest." 
 
 [Holograph, 5 pp., Uo.'\ 
 
 [Note. The al)ove draft letter is in Palk's handwriting, but 
 is imsigned.] 
 
 [No. 41.] 
 
 [Mcmorandimi by Laurence Sultvan.] 
 
 N.D. [17G7, July — December.] — " Governor Palk to apply 
 to the following : — General Calliaud ; (^) Mr. Pechell and friends; 
 T. and C. Brett, Esqs., and friends ; the Vaughans ; A. Chorley ; 
 E. Mason ; R. Home, &c., formerly qualified ; Mr. Pybus, 
 w^ien he comes ; (2) the Boscawen familly ; Mrs. Boscawen*-^) 
 kindly qualified as well [as] Mrs. Judy Levy at her desire ; 
 Colonel Charles Campbell(^) and friends ; R. Fairfield'^) and 
 
 (1) General John Caillaud. Fiiie'No. 73, ;). 10:2, note 1. 
 
 (2) John Pybus was expected to arrive about April 1768. (Cf. Xo. 30, p. 51). 
 
 (3) Frances, widow of 7\dmiral tlie Hon. E. Boscawen. 
 
 (■*' Colonel Cluirles Campbell, l)rother of Colonel Donald Caiuiibell, served as 
 Captain with the Madras European Regiment in 1758. As Major he successfully 
 conducted the second siege of Madura in 1764. In the two following years Colonel 
 Campbell commanded the force acting against the Poligars north of Trichinopoly. 
 He wrote a join-nal of his operations, which is preserved among the Oriue MSS. 
 
 (5) Richard Fairfield entered the Madras civil service in 1716. In 1758 he was 
 one of the signatories to the articles of capitulation of Fort St. David, and in the 
 following year was a Councillor at Fort St. George. 
 
No. 41[ 64 
 
 friends ; Captain Kilpatrick and friends ; R. Starke <i' and 
 friends ; A. Preston and friends ; Mr. Line ; Mr. Lind ; 
 Cotsford deceased, his stock to be transferred and made a 
 vote ; Vantellingen to buy largely ; Rev. Erasmus Sanders ; 
 Sir Harry and George Bridgeman*-* through Mrs. Martin ; 
 Mr. Palk and Mr. Brett's bankers to be made a point — they 
 can do much. 
 
 " Van'-^' has several memorandums in which Mr. Palk can 
 greatly assist, particularly with J. Boyd<^' and Mr. Somner." 
 
 [Holograph, 1 p., 8do.] 
 
 [Note. The above memorandum is in the handwriting of 
 Laurence Sulivan, but is unsigned. It names friends of Palk 
 who were qualified (by the possession of not less than £500 of 
 India stock) to vote for candidates for the Directorate.] 
 
 [No. 42.] 
 Captain T[homas] Madge to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1768, February 20th, Camp near Combammett. — " Sir, The 
 permission you were pleased to indulge me with, at taking my 
 leave of you at Madrass, of writing you by exevy opportunity 
 emboldens me to embrace this first opportunity since you left 
 India " ; for sailings have hitherto been notified too late to 
 permit of my writing, " owing to the great distance I was at 
 these times from any of our Settlements. 
 
 " I am sorry to acquaint you that the command of the troops 
 stationed in the Circars, which you procured the promise of 
 my being appointed to, never took place, as notwithstanding . . 
 the assurances made you by those who had it in their power . . 
 you were no sooner out of sight of Madrass than an entire 
 alteration in their measures occasioned me no longer to hope 
 for any favor from those I had been recommended to . . . 
 Indeed I met with some difficulty at Masulipatam in getting 
 Mr. Palk(^) appointed to my battalion, which I could not effect 
 till I wrote Mr. Bourchier on the occasion. 
 
 " As soon as I found my disappointment certain by the 
 Governor's declaring the command in the Circars was never 
 intended for me, I wrote my friend Mr. Pybus on the occasion, 
 desiring him to acquaint you in his next letters that this contempt 
 of your recommendation had not been owing to my misconduct. 
 At the same time I desired him to procure a conveyance for a 
 
 (1) Richard Starke, a Madras civil servant of 1735, was Deputy Governor of 
 Fort St. Gi-opfjc for a short period in 1752, and thereafter Deputy Governor of Fort 
 St. David until 175(>, when he resij^ned the service. 
 
 '-) Sir Henry Biidjieiiian, Bt., was created Baron Bradford. TTis brother (ieorgo 
 died in December 17(57. The date of Laiwenco Sulivan's Memorandum must 
 therefore lie between the 13th .luly, 17f>7, wlien Palk arrived in England, and the 
 end of tlie year. 
 
 (•" Henry Vnnsittart. 
 
 (•*) .lolin Boyd, formerly a Director. 
 
 (5) Lieut. Thonuis Palic, a kinsman of Goveiiior I'alk (probably grandson of 
 an uncle of the latter), not to be confused with Thomas Palk, son of Walter Palk 
 and nephew of Governor Palk. 
 
65 [No. 42. 
 
 box of cliina, wliich T had wrote to my Unkle to send me from 
 China, as a present for my old friend Colonel Monson,(i> and 
 Avliieh T assumed the Hherty to desire miglit be direeted to your 
 care in Enirland . . . But he never vouchsafed to send me 
 an answer till within a day or two of his leaving the country. 
 This neglect of his prevented my sending you a letter with the 
 box , . . 
 
 " About a month after my retm-n from Madrass, on the troops 
 designed for the Ilydrabad service leaving the Circars, I was 
 sent up to the Chicacole province with a small detachment to 
 assist the newly appointed Renter in plundering the country, 
 for his method of collecting the revenues could be construed in 
 no other light. As a particular favor I was allowed to take 
 Mr. Palk with me, which I thought more for his interest than if 
 he remained at Ellour, as the morals of most of the officers left 
 in the Circars were such as would not have improved his by 
 following their example. I did not find the Chief of Masuli- 
 patam(2) was willing to do any thing for him, as he would not 
 consent to his having the command at Condapillee, though it 
 was garrisoned only by a part of my battalion, and the other 
 lieutenant chose to be with me in the field. 
 
 " The impropriety in the choice of the Chicacole Renter for 
 the last year surprised every body, and gave the country powers 
 no very favorable opinion of the abilities or penetration of the 
 person who entrusted him with it, as after a great many frivolous 
 excuses for the non-performance of his engagements, his 
 intentions began to be suspected and Jague Pundat was sent up 
 to settle accounts with him. He left me to settle some affairs 
 in the Ichapour country, whither he said there was no necessity 
 for my attending him ; and on Juggo Pundat's arrival at my 
 camp he took care to amuse him with idle stories till he had 
 collected the revenues of the Circar. Which when he had 
 secured, vmder pretence of coming to settle his accounts with 
 Jague Pundat, he pursued a different rout through the hills and 
 threw himself into Vizianagaram, and put himself under the 
 protection of Sitteramrauze,'-^) who had the insolence to insist 
 on being arbitrator in the dispute between the Company and 
 the Renter, which, I am almost ashamed to tell you, was tacitly 
 consented to. 
 
 " I left the Renter and Jague Pvmdat at Vizianagaram in 
 December last in dispute before the Raja, on my way to join 
 the army intended to act in the Deckan ; since when I have 
 been informed that the Renter has compromised his affairs with 
 the Company at the expence of some individuals from whom 
 he has received large deductions, to make good which it is very 
 probable he will be again entrusted with the management of 
 the Circar ! 
 
 (1) Vide No. 6, p. 12, note 2. 
 
 (2) John Lewin Smith. 
 
 (3) Sitaram Raz, Vide No. 19, p. 28, note 5. 
 
No. 42.] 66 
 
 " As you will undoubtedly receive a better account of the 
 war with the Soubah and Hyder Ally in the Carnatic than I can 
 pretend to give you, I shall decline the task, and confine myself 
 to what has been doing in this part of the Deckan, which has 
 brought the Soubah to a proper way of thinking for himself, 
 as he pretends to be heartily tired of his alliance with Hyder 
 Ally, from whom he has withdrawji himself, and is now negotiat- 
 ing with the Council at 'Madrass for a new alliance, which, it is 
 reported, is nearly finished. 
 
 " At the commencement of the war in the Carnatic applica- 
 tion was made to the Presidency of Calcutta for a body of troops 
 to be sent to Masulipatam, who were to act against the Soubah 
 in the Deckan, Accordingly three battalions of Bengal seapoys 
 were landed at Vizagapatam in the month of October, and 
 notwithstanding the urgent necessity that appeared for their 
 immediate proceeding to Masulipatam, they could not be put 
 in motion till the month of December for want of conveniences 
 for transporting their stores and baggage, which I was obliged 
 to furnish them with at last from Chicacole. 
 
 " In December three companies of Bengal infantry arrived 
 at Masulipatam, with whom, and two companies of the Coast 
 infantry, some artillery, and my battalion of seapoys. Colonel 
 Hart(^' was ordered to take the field. I had been ordered from 
 Chicacole to go with the expedition as soon as it was concerted, 
 unless I preferred the command I then enjoyed ; but by a 
 private letter from the artfuU Chief of Masulipatam I could 
 easily perceive he wished I would join the army, hinting as if 
 Colonel Hart was not equal to the command of so important 
 a service. Though the 'remaining at Chicacole was certainly 
 more to my advantage, I never hesitated a moment about 
 resigning it, and accordingly repaired to the army with Mr. 
 Palk, who I was allowed to bring with me from Chicacole. 
 On my arrival I found Mr. Smith had ordered Hart to appoint 
 me his Aid de Camp and Secretary ; and to add to the affront 
 I was actually put in orders without being consulted whether 
 or no I approved of the ajipointment. 
 
 " By representing to the Chief the impropriety of my acting 
 in the capacity of a staff officer whilst I remained second in 
 conmiand, together with my resolution of acting as a private 
 officer, he accjuiesced in my declining it ; when Hart offered 
 me to dispose of it to whom I pleased — a favor I had no right 
 to expect. I however procured it for Mr. Palk, who was 
 appointed accordingly. 
 
 " We marched the 10th of December from Ellour towards 
 Combammett, the Phousdahr (-' of which had bargained for 
 the surrender of the Fort and Circar with the Chief of Masuli- 
 
 U) Simon Hart, who entered the Madras Army as Ensign in 1754, and, as 
 Captain acconipMiiicd Caillaud to Bengal in 1759. He was serving at 
 Triohinopoly in I7(i2. 
 
 (-) I'limt.sclur, ;i magistrate, native goveincir, I'idiu I'ers. jaujddr, a military 
 commander. 
 
67 [No. 12. 
 
 patain some time before we took the field. Hut so indiscreet 
 was the Chief's conduct on the occasion that, had the Soubali 
 any trooj)s at Hydrabad, wc could not have taken it, as lie 
 could ha\e thrown in a sufTieient force to have defended it 
 against all the troops in the Circars long before we could have 
 taken advantage of the disposition of the Phousdahr in our 
 favor. However, circumstances proved more lucky than we 
 had a right to expect, and we reached the place in time to secure 
 it, though a body of the Soubah's rabble had been assembled, 
 and on the march to dispossess the Phousdar of his charge. 
 They halted within twenty coss of the place on hearing we had 
 got possession of it, and as soon as we were joined by the Bengal 
 seapoys from Vizagapatam we advanced upon them and 
 came up with their main body, consisting of 4,000 horse and 
 foot, which had taken post under the walls of a small fort. They 
 made a few flourishes with their horse, but on our advanced 
 guard's attempting to close with them, they walked off in such 
 a hurry that we had not time to lire three shot from our field 
 pieces till they were put of sight, nor did they ever stay within 
 two days' march of us afterwards. A desperate sett of them 
 had thrown themselves into the fort, which they resolutely 
 defended for two hours, and did not surrender till I brought up 
 my battalion to the gateway, which we had nearly burst open 
 with our field pieces, wdien they threw down their arms. 
 
 " The resolute behaviour of our troops at this place so 
 intimidated the Zemindars, who were before assembling to stop 
 our progress, that they all sent letters desiring our favor and 
 protection to the commanding officer. And we took possession 
 of the fort of Worrangele and the Circar which bears its name 
 without seeing the face of an enemy. 
 
 " The progress of our arms in the Deckan began to alarm the 
 Soubah, w^ho never imagined we could bring an army into the 
 field against them from the Circars, from the accounts he had 
 received of our small force and the hopes of opposition to our 
 Government he had reason to flatter himself with from the 
 refractory Pollygars. But as soon as he found out his mistake, 
 he applied to Madrass for an accommodation, which has been 
 in some respects attended to, and we in consequence of it stopt 
 in our career, with the prospect of the plunder of Hydrabad 
 almost within grasp, without hopes of being allowed to make 
 use of the opportunity. We arc now within 30 coss of the city, 
 and notwithstanding the Soubah's son<^' has been exerting his 
 utmost endeavours to persuade the Zemindars dependent on 
 his family to join him, he has not been able to collect together 
 above 5,000 bad horse and Sibbendy,*-' and these so badly paid 
 and provided, and at the same time so frightened, that we might 
 expect to find the place abandoned before we could come within 
 a day's march of it. 
 
 (1) Nawab Sikandar Jah, son and eventual successor of Nizam Ali. 
 
 (2) Sibhendji, from Hind, slhandi, irregular soldiery iiuiintained for garrisons 
 and guards. 
 
No. 42] 68 
 
 " Colonel Peach, '1) who joined the army the last month with 
 the Grenadiers and colours of his regiment and assumed the 
 command, seems greatly chagrined at our being ordered to halt, 
 as he had promised himself great things by prosecuting the war 
 with the Soubah. It is supposed, should peace be the conse- 
 quence of the present negotiation, that he will either be ordered 
 to join Colonel Smith in the Carnatic, or be immediately sent 
 back to Bengal by land ; when he may on his way call the famous 
 Narrain Dew*-' to account, who since I left his neighbourhood 
 has withdrawn his allegiance from the Company in consequence, 
 as he says, of the Soubah's positive orders, and has been for 
 some time raising contributions and laying waste the country. 
 
 " I am sincerely concerned to acquaint you with the death of 
 Captain Cranch,*^) who died some time in August last of the 
 gout at Trichanapoly, regretted by all who knew him. He left 
 a will amongst his papers, in which he has nominated me one 
 of his executors. The other two are officers of the late 79th 
 Regiment, and both in England. On receiving information 
 of his death I wrote to the officer commanding at Trichanopoly 
 (Major Flint) desiring him to send the will to my attorney at 
 Madrass that it might be proved in the Mayor's Court, and 
 attested copies of it taken for the satisfaction of his family. I 
 at the same time desired him to dispose of his effects, the amount 
 of which and other particulars of his estate as soon as collected 
 I will take the liberty to remit to you by the first opportunity, 
 as there appear some circumstances in his private connexions 
 as make me cautious of pay[ing] the legacies or disposing of his 
 estate lest it should give umbrage to his family, with whom I am 
 entirely unacquainted . . . 
 
 " Long ere this I flatter myself you are happily settled in 
 England, and experience in the society of your friends and the 
 frequent opportunities of doing good an adequate recompense 
 for the many years of business and fatigue you have known in 
 this country. And that health, content and every other blessing 
 requisite to perfect happiness may long attend you and Mrs. 
 Palk will always be the unfeigned wishes of, Sir, your much 
 obliged, faithful, humble servant, 
 
 [Holograph, Q\ pp., Uo.] " T. Madge." , 
 
 [No. 43.] 
 Rob[er]t Palk to [William Martin] Goodlad. 
 [Endorsed] " Received 8th August, 17G8, by the hand of 
 Mr. HelHng." 
 
 (1) Joseph Peach entered tlie Bengal Infantry as Major in 17G4. Late in 1767 
 Colonel IVaoli condiictod a force sent from Calcutta against the Nizam. Joining 
 Colonel llart'is detachment from the Circars, he took command and apiJroached 
 Hyderabad. Nizam Ali sued for i)eace, anil l\>ach rctui'iicd to Bengal, where he 
 died in 1770. 
 
 (■-) Narayan Deo, insurgent zemindar of Kimedi, was attacked and dcfealed 
 by Colonel Peach near the fort of Jelmur in Ganjam in May, 1768. 
 
 (•^) Lieut. Peter Cranch joined the Company's service from II.M's 79th (Draper's) 
 Hogt. 
 
69 [Xo. 43. 
 
 1768, March 1st. — " Dear Goodlad, I thank you for your 
 letters since my departure, and I beg I may always hear from 
 \ou. Give, I desire you, my nephew Tom your advice and 
 assistance. I intended him for a Writer, but was refused. 
 
 " If you can help the bearer, jNIr. Helling, to the command of, 
 or a birth in a country vessell, you will oblige a very capable 
 deserving man, and also your sincere and faithful friend, 
 
 [Holograph, 1 p., Mo.] " Robt. Palk," 
 
 [No. 44.] 
 W[illiam] Aldersey (1) to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1768, March 28th, Fort William.—" Dear Sir, I did myself 
 the pleasure of writing to you by Mr. Campbell,'-' who embarked 
 for England in the Europa, and cannot omit the last opportunity 
 I shall have this season of repeating my sincere acknowledgments 
 of your friendly offices in this part of the world. 
 
 " Under the care of Captain Riddle I have sent a parcel 
 directed to jMr. Phipps, in which is a piece of silver specked 
 muslin, which I hope Mrs. Palk will do me the favor to accept 
 of for her little daughter,*-^' whom I shall hope to salute in Old 
 England one of these days, though the prospect yet appears 
 at a distance. 
 
 " Since our last dispatch the Gentlemen at Madras have con- 
 cluded a treaty with Nizamally, and Hyderally has walked off 
 to his own country, the particulars of which you will no doubt 
 be fully informed of from that quarter. The situation of affairs 
 here has not undergone the least alteration since our last 
 advices. 
 
 " My best respects attend JMrs. Palk, General LaAvrence and 
 General Caillaud. I have already paid my compliments to 
 Mr. Vansittart this season, but request you will take the first 
 opportunity of repeating my acknowledgements for his many 
 favors. I am . . 
 
 " W. Aldersey." 
 
 [Holograph, 2^ pp., Mo.] 
 
 [No. 45.] 
 
 John Calland to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1768, April 25th, Fort St. George. — " Sir, It being the advice 
 and opinion of every one acquainted with the Cuddalore 
 3Ierchants' complaints against me, and the severe usage I have 
 met with in consequence, that I renew by all means my applica- 
 tion to you ... I beg leave to enclose you duplicate of my 
 letter per Hector, copies of the four petitions given in against 
 
 (1) William Aldersey, a Madras civil servant of 1754, served for several years 
 as Secretary in the Political Department. In 1766 he was transferred to Bengal, 
 and entered Council. 
 
 (-' Alexander Campbell. Vide Xo. 12, p. 15, note i. 
 
 (3) Anne Palk, born 1764. 
 
No. 45.] 70 
 
 me, my answer thereto and refutation of the whole, which are 
 the material papers of the proceedings. The remaining part, 
 containing little more than the examination of the witnesses . . . 
 I have sent to Colonel Campbell,* i' who will shew them to you 
 if you will please to take the trouble of asking for them. 
 
 " As Mr. Saunders(-) will in all probability be Chairman when 
 this affair comes under consideration, I cannot avoid looking 
 upon it as the most propitious circumstance for me that could 
 happen ; being in the first place a man of sense and who has 
 a thorough knowledge of the service, and in the next that you 
 are intimately acquainted with him ; from which I hope the 
 complaints made against me will be so far mitigated that I shall 
 be restored, by their being looked upon ... as malicious and 
 ill-grounded, and merely in consequence of my imposing the 
 penalty of 10 per cent, on failure of contract, and thwarting the 
 ambition and evil practices of the most considerable Merchants, 
 but Irshapah Chitty and Moodo Kistna in particular . . . 
 
 " Had I robbed or defrauded the Company (as it seems those 
 who were in Council with me are judged to have done), or had 
 the service in the le[a]st suffered, I should have thought myself 
 justly deserving the treatment I have received. But on the 
 contrary, did I not bring the Cuddalore Investment to fifteen 
 hundred bales, which was more by some hundreds than had been 
 got for many years before ? . . Besides, is there a man in the 
 service that can accuse me of ever wronging the Company the 
 value of a fanam, or not doing my duty in every office I have 
 been employed during the seventeen years of my servitude, which 
 brought me the next to Council ? . . .1 flatter myself you will 
 interest yourself so far in my behalf with Mr. Saunders as to get 
 justice done me and every prejudice removed by my re-instate- 
 ment . . . yet, should it happen otherwise, and the reward of 
 so many years' diligent and faithful services be cancelled . . . 
 I shall then think it incumbent on me to use those materials I 
 am possessed of in taking a laudable satisfaction of those men 
 who have so cruely injured me . . . The materials I have got 
 I have neither spared money or trouble in procuring, and which 
 are such as, without ostentation or deceit, must inevitably ruin 
 Mr. Pybus, and give such an insight into things as will hurt 
 the servants in general. 
 
 " Mr. Bourchier, I hear, accuses me of using him ill and being 
 ungrateful. But sure, not upon reflection ? Let any one read 
 my letter to him of the 23rd March, and the Merchants' to me 
 a month afterwards, and be told the repeated sollicitations I 
 made him to compromise the affair, to no purpose ; and then 
 judge of the reason he has for saying so, and if I have not had 
 suflicient cause and provocation for every thing I have said and 
 ten times as nmch more. Words are nothing. 'Tis the actions 
 of a man that another is to judge by, either of his friendship or 
 
 (1) Colonel Charh'S Canipljell, ride No. 41, p. 63, note 4. 
 
 '-' Thomas .Saunders was Deputy Chairmau in 1767, but did not succeed to 
 the Chaii' in the following year. 
 
71 [No. 45. 
 
 sincerity . . . T hope for my own sake, as well as the invidious 
 Mr. Pybus's, and in short every other person connected with 
 the service, that you will use your influence with Mr. Saunders 
 and others so as to make further proceedings unnecessary. . . 
 
 " John Calland." 
 [Holograph, 7 pp., 4^o.] 
 
 [No. 46.] 
 T. Orton'I) to [Robert Palk, Esqr.] 
 
 1768, April 28th, Velloor. — " Sir ... A few months after your 
 departnre I experienced my loss, and to speak with confidence 
 to you, a very rash effort was made to ruin me. It may suffice 
 to say I am sorry the country could afford such a glaring instance 
 of credulity on one hand and malice on the other. It consisted 
 of a letter from Colonel Smith at camp to the Board in the most 
 aggravated terms of complaint ' that were an abominable 
 shame and ought to be rectified,' which evidently appeared 
 to have so little foundation that I acquired credit instead of 
 the intended infamy. 
 
 " Mrs. Orton came up here directly after you embarkt and 
 has remained here ever since ... If any oppertunity offers, I 
 beg leave to request your favorable mention of me to any 
 gentleman coming out, where you may think it proper. . . 
 
 "T. Orton." 
 
 [Holograph, 2f pp., 4^o.] 
 
 [No. 47.] 
 James Bourchier to Rob[er]t Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1768, May 2nd, Madrass. — " Your favor, my dear Mr. Palk, 
 from St. Hellena, contrary to your expectation, reached me 
 in November before we could have any intelligence of your safe 
 arrival in England, nor have we yet any further tidings of you ; 
 but I will hope you are there, and happy to the extent of your 
 wishes. Your friend poor Charles*-' has had a very troublesome 
 government almost ever since you left him in it : this 
 confounded war has kept his hands full and his spirits harrassed, 
 yet fortunately he has enjoyed great health. As I presume 
 Call, whose genious lies in political narrative, has given you 
 every particular of what has happened and what is to be 
 expected, I will not touch on the subject. He with Mackay<'^> 
 are gone as Field Deputies to assist the Nabob and Colonel Smith 
 with their counsel, and I hope by a vigorous and spirited effort 
 we shall subdue the Hydra. 
 
 " The Gentlemen of Bengal, notwithstanding their boasted 
 promises of an exertion of their assistance, have failed in the 
 
 'D T. Oi-ton has not l)een traced. Captain Roderick Orton was tried l)y court 
 martial in ITtii) and cashiered for yielding the fort of Erode to llaidar in the 
 preceding December. 
 
 (^' Charles Bourchier. 
 J3> George Mackay, Cf. No. 13.. p. 17, note 3. 
 
No. 47.] 72 
 
 most essential point of mony, which will, I fear, force us to 
 break in upon the China stock. However, nothing must now 
 be spared to put an end to this war. If we succeed (as we have 
 all the reason in the world to expect) in the down fall of Hyder 
 Naigue, we shall secure stability to the Company's possessions 
 on this and the Mulabar Coast, and root out a power, the only 
 one indeed that could afford our neighbors (the French) any 
 support in case of a rupture between our nations — an object 
 in my opinion of the first importance. By the reports we have, 
 and indeed they themselves confirm, they are collecting and 
 disciplining a large body of troops at the Islands, <^) which, 
 depend upon it, they will augment by every vessell they can 
 steal out thither. It therefore behoves the Honourable Twenty 
 four'-) to keep a ^^ery watchful eye on them, and to give us early 
 intelligence of the first likelihood of trouble, as well as secure, 
 by the Piscash they are to pay the Government, a formidable 
 naval force to preserve to us the command of the seas. In that 
 case they will put it in our power to divest the gentry of all 
 they possess here ere they can be reinforced or even in a 
 condition of defence. 
 
 " Most probably I shall leave India ere there can be a war, 
 yet I shall ever retain that attachment to the service, and 
 Madrass in particular, as to wish the utmost success to their 
 affairs. You will know our situation, my dear Mr. Palk, and 
 the precautions that ought to be taken to preserve the well 
 being of the Company abroad, and I make no doubt will give 
 them every useful light that can tend to that desireable end. 
 It's to be hoped the Company will earnestly endeavor to keep 
 complete our military establishment. This has been a fatal 
 season to many valuable young officers as well as the private 
 men ; it's therefore the more necessary we should be amply 
 supplyed with recruits. 
 
 " Our society of males continues much the same as when 
 you left us, except the loss of poor Griffiths,*^* who dyed after 
 a long fit of illness the latter end of last month, much lamented 
 by those who were intimately acquainted with him. Thomas* '' 
 and Stone(^) are his executors, who will do the greatest justice 
 to his estate. George Stratton*®) is married to a Miss Light*"* 
 that came out on one of the latter ships of last year : — you may 
 remember a brother'^) of hers that came out a Writer the season 
 
 'D The Isles of France and Bourbon (Mauritius and Reunion). 
 
 (-' The twenly-four Directors of the East India Company. 
 
 (3) Tlie Uev. C'liarles Griffiths arrived in India as eliaplain to the 79th Regiment, 
 and entered the Company's service in 17tJ2. lie died 25th Ajuil, 17ti8, when 
 chaplain at Fort St. George. 
 
 (*) The Rev. John Thomas, chaplain. 
 
 '5) John Miixwell Stone, ^'uh No. 20, />. J(i, note 4. 
 
 (6) George Slr;it(on, a Madras civil servant of 1751, entered the Council in 17G1. 
 In 1771) he suliverted tlie Government of Lord Pigot, and was recalled to England 
 in the following year. 
 
 (7) Hester Eleanora Light. 
 
 (8) William Light, appointed to Madras as Writer in 1765. 
 
73 [No. 47. 
 
 before you went home. And Alexander Davidson, (^' when he 
 quitted tlie sub accountantship, asked leave to go to Bengal to 
 establish a correspondence and of course to commence merchant, 
 is returned with a wife, a Miss Pigou, you may remember 
 formerly under the patronage of Phebe Graham. How he 
 succeeded in the first scheme I have not heard. Pasley,'^) 
 Briggs'^' and the two secretaries*'^* are very jolly, and hold you in 
 grateful remembrance. I have given Mrs. Palk an account of 
 all the females, so I shall refer you to her for particulars. Adieu, 
 my dear Mr. Palk. Believe me, with all the gratitude a heart 
 susceptible of the nicest feelings can possess, your ever 
 affectionate Jim." 
 
 [Holograph, 3f pp., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 48.] 
 George Smith to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1768, May 7th, Fort St. George.—" Sir, I did myself the 
 pleasure of addressing you by the Hector,''^^ informing you of 
 the safe arrival of the Sultanissa Begam at this port the 20th 
 of September, and of her being sent to Bengal," whence she 
 proceeded to Bombay. The difficulty of remitting your money 
 has been increased by the formation of an Association of 
 diamond buyers, and " Gocull and Nellacuntaker, though they 
 had promised me as far back as October last to take from me 
 each the sum of 5,000 pagodas at Respondentia on diamonds 
 security, have broke through their promise in consequence of 
 the above combination. Thus circumstanced, and no other 
 channel but the Company's cash at 7s. 4d. open, what can I 
 do ? I must have recourse to your good nature and friendship 
 for a further credit . . . 
 
 " I have given Mr. Morse a statement of your moneys in 
 China," which I hope to be able to remit shortly, as " the silver 
 of this country begins to be pretty well drained, and moreover 
 the call for money here will soon be so great that the Company's 
 cash in Canton must again be opened .... 
 
 " By this ship comes a copy of a letter from the Governor 
 of Manila to the Nabob, by which it plainly appears that what 
 
 (1' Alexander Davidson joined the Madras civil service in 1760, and became a 
 member of Council in 1777. He was provisional Governor of Fort St. George from 
 1785 to 1786. 
 
 (-' Dr. Gilbert Pasley came to India with Adlercron's Regiment in 1754, and 
 subsequently joined tlie Company's medical service. In 1761 he was transferred 
 from the army to cival duty at the Presidency, where he remained until his death 
 twenty years later. He married Hannah Dashwood in 1778, and was appointed 
 Surgeon General in 1780. According to an obituary notice in Hicky's Bengal 
 Gazette, Pasley came out originally in the Artillery, " but soon exchanged the 
 sword, spunge, worm and ramrod for the lancet, gold headed cane and snuff 
 box." 
 
 (3) Dr. Stephen Briggs was Surgeon General with the .Vrmy wlien he was sum- 
 moned in 1763 to serve at Fort St. George. In 1770 he was senior Presidency 
 Surgeon. 
 
 (*) John Maxwell Stone and William Martin Goodlad. 
 
 (5) Vide Xo. 33, p. 53. 
 
No. 48.] 74 
 
 was done to me proceeded from suspicions of English property 
 being under my management, and that the hke treatment is 
 menaced to any ship in the same circumstances with the Sulta- 
 nissa : from which it is evident that the Company should fall 
 on some mode of securing the Manila trade from insult and even 
 confiscation, or they must soon export bullion from Europe, 
 which they will not for some time, I imagine, find convenient. 
 
 ' ' I refer you to your other friends here for a detail of the war, 
 the peace with the Nizam, and the present operations against 
 Hyder Ally : they will be better able to inform you of these 
 series of events than I can possibly do. 
 
 " Mrs. Munro(^) desires her compliments to you and Mrs. 
 Palk, and she hopes you have been so kind as to send out her 
 daughter*^' by the ships of this season. . . . 
 
 " George Smith." 
 
 [Holograph, 5 pp., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 49.] 
 
 T[homas] Palk'-^' to Rob[er]t Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1768, May 7th [at Sea.] — " My dear Sir, I now set down to 
 write to all my particular friends. The man at the mast head 
 . spys land, where he has been to look out for a ship. We are 
 now steering round the Cape, without the wind alters its point, 
 and if it does, we shall certainly put into the Cape. I shall 
 first begin to write to you, as I imagine we shall meet with some 
 ship or other, for I would not miss any opportunity whatever 
 of writing my friends an account of my hea[l]th and welfare. 
 We sailed from the Downs the 31st January, and after a trouble- 
 some passage of about three weeks, we made Tenariffe, from 
 whence I wrote to you by a Dutch man that was fi.rst going to 
 Cadiz and from thence to England. . . I can only mention one 
 or tvvo particulars. By the rolling I met with a terrible fall, 
 that occasion[ed] me the head[ache] for several days afterwards, 
 which I have felt since three weeks most severely. Several 
 days together we were obliged to set on the deck to dine. You 
 may easily judge. Sir, how great the motion was, but we have 
 felt no such weather since, nor never do I desire to again. 
 " At our landing at Teneriffe Mr. Wynch <*> went to his 
 
 (1) Prances Mary, widow of Dr. Andrew Munro. 
 
 (2) Margaret Aurora Munro. 
 
 (3' Tlioinas Palk, son of Walter Palk and nephew of Governor Palk, arrived in 
 the Diillon in 17(iS and entered the Madras Army, Imt was sul)se(|uently transferred 
 to tlie civil service. lie must not be coniound(Ml with his remote cousin, Lieut. 
 Thon^as Palk, who was serving in the Northern Circars. 
 
 (4) Alexander Wynch was entertained locally in 1734 as an unpaid assistant 
 at Miidras, and afterwards as a monthly writer, but was not brought on the civil list 
 uidil 1710. In 1711 he was a Councillor at Fort St. David, and in 1758, when that 
 fort yielded lo the French, lie was o(Tiri,itiiig as Dejuity Governor. Wyncli was 
 made a iirisoner of war, and he subseiiuently resigueil the service ' and went 'to 
 England. In 17(58 he was reappointed and nominated Chief at "Masulipatain. 
 He was Governor of Port St. George from 1778 to 177o, and retired to Englantl 
 after Lord Pigot's arrival. He married first Sophia Croke, and secondly in 1751 
 Plorentia Gradock. Tic diod in Tiondon in 1781. 
 
75 [No. 49. 
 
 friend's house and his family with him, and had there been 
 room he would have introduced me to him, but I made him an 
 apology. Alexander, another who goes as a free merchant'^) 
 and me took a lodging at a French house during our stay. I 
 at first often received invitations from my good friend Mrs. 
 W. to walk out on their sharp flint stones, which she liked, and 
 most generally on the terrass on the top of the house ; but 
 afterwards when we [were] reconciled in respect to our intimacy, 
 and found that my company was accepted of, I made free to 
 introduce m}'self. On the day of our departure Mrs. W. intro- 
 duced me to Mr. Dupree.*"-' During the little time I picked a 
 little acquaintance with him, and [after] about an hour stay 
 I took my leave of him in company with 3Irs. D. and Miss 
 Monro,*-^) who are very well except Mr. D. He has carried the 
 gout on board with him, but Mrs. D. is in great concern about 
 her little [child] as the small pox is on board the Queen. 
 
 " We sailed from Tenariffe the 7th of March, from which 
 time we had surprizing good weather with constant fair winds. 
 We are almost becalmed in the lattitude of 35 d[e]grees south, 
 which is something surprizing. We are not likely to have such 
 weather as what was suspected we should. My good Mrs. W. 
 has been under a great deal of chagrin on account of the death 
 of her little child, which expired about a month ago. She has 
 often been taken in fits since, more so than before, and has 
 seemed to recover her spirits ; but Miss Flora has been 
 onfortunately taken ill of a fever, and is again at present restored 
 to her former health I hope. We had her company to drink a 
 cup of tea with us in our little cabbin this afternoon, which 
 we have often had and hope to again. She is a good little girl. 
 Mr. Wynch has shewn me several very friendly marks, which 
 I must keep up at all events. 
 
 " Francisco has long been our waiting man, but is at present 
 obliged to turn cook, which at first he was often complaining 
 to me of ill usage ; but that is now all o\'er, as the complaints 
 have been presented to the Captain, who has been ill, but is 
 now better again. I shall say nothing more particular at 
 present till we get sight of a ship ; then I shall make a conclusion. 
 —May the 4th. 
 
 " We are now making up to a sail as fast as we can. What she 
 is we can't yet tell, but imagine she is a homeward bound East 
 India man. Mr. and Mrs. Wynch are all well at present, and 
 desire their best respects to you and Mrs. Palk, &c. . . I remain, 
 my dear sir, your most dutiful and ever respectful nephew, 
 
 "T. Palk." 
 
 " Sunday, May 7th, 1768." 
 
 [Holograph, 4 jyj)., Uo.] 
 
 (1) The writer perhaps means Alexander Wynch, jun., a cadet who accompanied 
 his father, and Alexander Williams, the only free merchant on board the Duiton. 
 
 (2) Josias Du Pre. Vide No. 19, p. 30, note 1. 
 
 (3) Margaret Aurora Munro. 
 
76 
 
 [No. 50.] 
 [The Rev.] John Thomas f^' to Robert Palk, Esq. 
 
 1768, May 7th, Fort St. George. — " Sir, As you had poor 
 Mr. Griffiths'*"' interest aiways at heart, I hope this letter 
 relative to him will need no apology. 
 
 " After a tedious and painful illness, which he bore with great 
 resignation, he paid his last debt to nature the 25th of last 
 month. His last sickness, which was a complication of diseases, 
 the gout and palsy, with a disorder of the bowels, deprived him 
 during the last fortnight of his life first of his memory and 
 afterwards of his understanding. Happy for him in such 
 circumstances that he was released out of his misery ! 
 
 " He has left every thing he possessed in India for the 
 education and emolument of his two sons, which after the sale 
 of his books and furniture may probably amount to 7,000 
 pagodas, Mr. Stone and I, who are appointed his executors, 
 intend employing this money here, except what may be 
 expended on their education. For Mrs. Griffiths' support he has 
 left a sum lent on Government security ; how much I cannot 
 ascertain. The Revd. Mr. Richard Canning, senior, of Ipswich, 
 is appointed guardian to his sons. 
 
 " It was always Mr. Griffiths' desire that both his sons should 
 come out to this presidency in the civil service. 
 
 " You will pardon me. Sir, for embracing this opportunity 
 of returning my most thankful acknowledgments for your 
 favours to me at Madrass, a sense of which I hope ever to 
 retain . . . 
 
 " John Thomas." 
 
 [Holograph, 2\ pp., Mo.] 
 
 [No. 51.] 
 Rama Kisna to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1768, May 10th, Fort St. George. — " Sir, I did myself the 
 honor to pay you my respects by the Hector, '^^^ which sailed 
 hence in November last. The Admiral Watson is arrived the 
 8th [instant], and I greatly rejoiced to hear of your safe arrival 
 in England. 
 
 " You will be informed by Mr. Morse of the Association 
 entered into by all the European diamond merchants for 
 buying on certain terms and conditions, as a means of reducing 
 the Guzerat merchants to more reasonable terms ; but since 
 it took place they have been standing out in their sales at 
 Moonimadgoo. Perseverance on our part, we hope, will at 
 last have some good effect, without which the trade must be 
 entirely ruined. 
 
 " Since my last I have had the misfortune to loose my good 
 
 (1) Chaplain at Port St. George. 
 
 (2) Vide No. 47, p. 72, note 3. 
 
 (3) Vide No. 35, /». 57. 
 
77 [No. 51. 
 
 uncle Mooperala Kisnya, and my wife . . . which has been 
 two very severe strokes to nie at once and the same time. The 
 old man served me in the stead of a father, and 1 am much 
 indebted to his care for the good situation of my house after 
 the decease of my father Ramaniah. By the decease of my 
 wife I am left without the hopes of having any issue for some 
 considerable time, as you are sensible of our custom of marrying 
 [a] ^•ery young wife before they are come to [the] age of puberty. 
 " Peace has been made with the Nizam, and we are carrying 
 on vigorously the war against Heyer[.52'c] Ally. We have taken 
 Kisnagviry, and the army is marching into the Mysore country. 
 The scarcity of money is very great and the condition of trade 
 very indifferent. God send us better times . . . 
 
 " Rama Kisna." 
 
 [Holograph, 2f pjj., 4/o.] 
 
 [No. 52.] 
 W[illiam] M[artin] Goodlad to [Robert] Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1768, May 12th, Fort St. George.—" My dear Mr. Palk, The 
 Admiral Watson brought me your very affectionate letter*^) 
 of the 15th November, which afforded me a pleasure I cannot 
 easily describe to you. Indeed, my dear Sir, I will ever 
 remember your kindness to me with a grateful heart. 
 
 " Your endeavours to procure me coral consignments were 
 very obliging. jNIr. Bourchier's strong recommendations have 
 brought us one chest, and a promise of employment from two 
 or three other dealers. 
 
 " Enclosed you will receive a bill for £200, being two years' 
 interest on the money you so very obligingly lent me. ... I have 
 no directions from you regarding the money given by the 
 Nabob to poor Withecombe's father. . . I would fain have got 
 from him both principal and interest, but my endea^'ours were 
 fruitless ... I wrote you of poor Cranch's (-> death, and 
 promised to administer to the estate and settle his affairs. 
 This, howe^'er, I have Ijcen prevented from doing by his having 
 made a will when at Batavia. Madge is the only surviving 
 executor. The state of his affairs I know not, but imagine 
 they will yield about 1,500 pagodas. 
 
 " The next dispatches will, I fear, cut off all the creditors' 
 resources from the Nabob for some time, as . . . we have a 
 hint about pri\ate interest clashing with the payment of his 
 debt to the Company. Should the Court direct his discontinuing 
 the payments to his creditors, I know not what they will say 
 on the subject, or how they will reconcile such an order. There 
 are some turbulent spirits amongst them not quite so ready to 
 
 (1) Vide No. 38, p. 59. 
 
 (2) Vide No. 42, p. 68, note 3. 
 
No. 52.] 78 
 
 conform to commands as the President and Council are in 
 general. 
 
 Mr. Dupre, &c., returning to Council is, as you say, not very 
 agreeable to the Gentlemen here. For my own part it matters 
 not, Andrews'^' his appointment is the only thing that vexes 
 me, for I profess a regard for the service, and I cannot but think 
 him unworthy of it. Is there a probability even that a man 
 will pay a proper attention to the Company's concerns who was 
 totally lost to any care for his own ? And this is the man 
 expressly sent out because it was necessary to strengthen the 
 Council with sober and sedate people ! Fie on it ! 
 
 " Poor Ardley<-' was with me just now, hopping about like a 
 parcht pea. ' What vexes me is that Call should be put 
 over my head, for 'tis disgracing me without answering any one 
 end.' The little man is really much hurt. He wants to get 
 out of the Settlement, and will probably turn or endeavour to 
 turn Smith(^) from Vizagapatam. I think, however, he will not 
 effect it . . . 
 
 " With respect to politics, the Governor and Mr. Call, I 
 suppose, write you fully. They will explain to you what is 
 doing and what is intended, but can they tell you what has 
 been done ? I most sincerely wish, for the sake of my worthy 
 friend Mr. Bourchier, that a man of real capacity may arrive 
 to take the command of the army. Smith, <^' with a most 
 amiable heart, has not an head for his station. It has been 
 evident from the commencement of the war — too evident to 
 us here. But will it be equally apparent to the Gentlemen at 
 home that such has been the chief cause of our expending 
 immense sums almost to no purpose ? I love Mr. Bourchier 
 in my heart's core, and I therefore feel the more for the many 
 unlucky events that have fallen out since he came to the Chair. 
 You know the Governor full well, and must have been sensible 
 of the influence Mr. Call would have over him. The latter is 
 unsteady. He is very snug behind the curtain. When any of 
 our actions (to speak in the military style) redound to our 
 credit, he has the power to engross a great share of it : when 
 the contrary, he knows on whose shoulders they will naturally 
 fall. I would not lay open my thoughts on such subjects to 
 any man but you, whom I shall ever regard as a father. If I 
 am culpable, chastise me as you would a son. 
 
 '■ Poor Griffith died last month after a very lingering and 
 painful illness. Captain McLean was killed some time ago. 
 Stratton is married to Miss Light, and Miss Carter to Captain 
 
 (1) John Andrews, who arrived in India in 1713, served in Ganjam as a political 
 officer, and was afterwards Resident at Madapollam. He was a member of Pigot's 
 Council in 175U, and ten years later was scut as envoy to Haidar Ali during the 
 first Mysore war. He is mentioned as an inhabitant of Madras in 1790. 
 
 (2) Samuel Ardley joined the Madras civil service in 1719. In 1754 he was 
 ' Register of the Choultry ' and under the Laud Customer at Fort St. George, and 
 five years later was in Council. 
 
 (3) John Smith, n Madras civil servant of 1752, 
 
 (4) Colonel Joseph Smith. 
 
79 [No. 52. 
 
 Gec.C Mrs. Tom Powncy''^' has been innoculatcd, and is well 
 again witlioiit being- marked. Most oi' the ehiidren in the 
 Settlement have undergone the same operation. Poor Donald 
 Campbell lost two, the onl}^ [ones] that died. 
 
 " I most sineerely hope the increase (•^' you expected in your 
 family has proved to your satisfaction. I am particularly 
 interested in the happiness of yourself and Mrs. Palk, and shall 
 be ever, with the most grateful sentiments of esteem and regard, 
 your ever affectionate and obliged servant, 
 
 " W. M. GOODLAD." 
 
 " P.S. I have delivered to Captain Mears the remainder of 
 the letters'^' you desired of me. The former part was sent by 
 Captain Richardson of the Pigot, and I hope have got safe to 
 you. By the next ship you shall have the translate of the 
 Spanish arguments respecting the reduction of Sooloo. Adieu 
 once more, my dearest Sir. Stone tenders his best wishes to 
 you and Mrs. Palk." 
 
 [Holograph, 5| pp., fiscp.] 
 
 [No. 53.] 
 Lau[rence] Sulivan to [Robert Palk, Esqr.] 
 
 [Endorsed in Palk's hand] " Mr. Sulivan, concerning what I 
 have advanced." 
 
 1768, May 19th, Great Ormond Street.—" My dearest Friend, 
 If I have hitherto taken no notice (except in casual discourse) 
 of the money I ow'e you, it is because I have expected from 
 week to week, by clearing my self of India embarrassments, 
 to have been in a capacity to do it ; but since my own honour 
 with the interest of my friends have determined me to go deeper 
 than ever, and consequently it will be convenient to me to delay 
 the payment some months longer, I think it right (though by 
 you not desired) that \ou ha^e my obligation payable on demand, 
 and which is now^ enclosed. The whole I make £4,108, viz., a 
 bill on the Navy, 3,000 ; paid Mrs. Darvall, 1,000 ; paid Mrs. 
 Wood; 108 ; [Total] £4,108. 
 
 " What you liaAC lately at times disbursed at Ashburton, let 
 me know the amount and I will give an order on my bankers 
 for the payment. I am, with true and unalterable affection, 
 my dear Sir, your most sincere friend and obedient servant, 
 
 " Lau. Sulivan." 
 
 [Holograph, 1 p., Uo.] 
 
 '1' Captain Michael Gee married Marian Carter in 1768, and was killed shortly 
 afterwards. 
 
 (2) Catherine, daughter of Quintin de la Metrie, married in 1761 Thomas Powney, 
 free merchant, one of the sons of Capt. John Powney, master mariner. 
 
 (3> Catherine Palk, born 1st January, 1768, 
 
 W Cf. No. 32, p. 52, note 3. 
 
80 
 
 [No. 54.] 
 George Yansittart to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 [Endorsed — Received] 2nd May [1769, per] Valentine. 
 
 1768, September 6th, Midnapore. — " Dear Palk, I have 
 received your letters ... in favour of Mr. Darell,*^' and hope 
 to see him when I go to Calcutta. I will also do what I can 
 for Mr. Yarde,'-) but cannot at present learn where he is, 
 
 " I li\'e much to my satisfaction at Midnapore, but the matter 
 of profit is entirely changed by the Court of Directors' orders 
 concerning salt, who choose rather that the benefit of that 
 trade should be enjoyed by a parcel of Calcutta Banyans'-^' 
 than by their own servants. Of three things I have now to 
 determine which to prefer — spend more money than I can gain, 
 improve my fortune by means which would be prejudicial to 
 the Company, or trade in salt, &c., in spite of their orders at 
 the risque of being dismissed from their service. 
 
 " I am sorry to have a piece of very disagreeable news to 
 communicate to you. Through the influence of bad example 
 and bad advice your nephew**' has been led into a scrape, which 
 I fear will be the means of his losing the Company's service. 
 Upon his arrival at Cossimbazar he was appointed to the office of 
 Buxey,(^) and in consequence had the care of providing materials 
 for the cantonments which are building there. In the manage- 
 ment of this business his predecessors had been used to charge 
 the Company 30, 40, 50 per cent, above the bazar price. Your 
 nephew was unfortunate enough to continue the practice. 
 A month or two ago it was discovered, and it is now under 
 strict examination. I have sent Harry*^' a copy of what he 
 has been able to say in his defence : he will show it to you. 
 
 " Mrs. G. Yan. desires to be remembered. She was brought 
 to bed of a boy'"' the 19th of last month, and is now very well. 
 My love to Mrs. Palk. I will write to her by the next ship. 
 My congratulations to you both on the increase of your family. 
 
 " Mr. Yerelst '^> talks of going home this season, and Mr. 
 Cartier(^) will succeed to the Chair. We are at present in peace, 
 but probably shall not be so long : however, I will not go about 
 to entertain you with politicks or news. I write fully and 
 freely to Harry, and that must suffice. I am ever, my dear 
 Palk, your very sincerely affectionate 
 
 " George Yansittart." 
 
 [Holograph, 4 pp., Mo.] 
 
 (1) Lionel Darell, a Bengal civil servant of 1768, resigned in 1776. He became 
 a Director of the Company in 1780, and was created a baronet in 1795. 
 
 ('-) John Yarde, a lately arrived Cadet. He became Captain in 1777, and died 
 in the same year at Dinapore. He appears to have belonged to Churston Ferrers. 
 
 (3) Banyan, from Hind, banya, a native trader, especially from Guzerat. 
 
 (4) Robert Palk, jun. 
 
 (5) Buxcy, from Hind, bakhshi, paymaster. 
 
 (6) Henry Vansittart. 
 
 (7) George Henry Vansittart. 
 
 (8) Harry Verelst became Governor on the retirement of Clive in February, 1767. 
 
 (9) John Cartier succeeded Verelst in 1769. 
 
81 
 
 [No. 55.] 
 T[noMAs] Palk to R[obert] Palk, Esq. 
 
 1768, September 30th, Camp near Colar to the southward of 
 Madras. (1) — " My dear Sir, We arrived here the 13th July after 
 a passage of six months, which I thought very long. . . Mr. 
 Wynch behaved exceedingly well to me : I wanted for nothing, 
 I came ashore at Madras in the boat with him and Mrs. W., 
 who was very kind to me, more so than I ever could expect ; 
 not the least vanity appeared in her. I was to have had a 
 room in his house, but Mr. Goodlad insisted that I should be 
 with him wiiilst I remained at Madras, which was about a 
 fortnight, I being very busy preparing myself for camp. 
 Goodlad is vcrv much mv friend and adviser. . . . 
 
 " Mr. Goodlad recommended me to his worthy friend Captain 
 Hector Mackay, with whom I live in camp, who advises in 
 everything : he is [a] worthy man. 
 
 " Ever since I have been here we have been running about 
 the country after our hero Hyder, who wants to take our great 
 guns that we are getting up to go against Bangolure, a very 
 strong fort, our army being divided ; our army being in the 
 road to Bangulore, and the other division watching Hyder's 
 motions. We want to bring him to an engagement, but he is 
 so artful a warrier he won't let us . . . He has, I hear, made 
 proposals of peace to us, which is at present a secret, it being 
 an uncertainty. ... It may be well enough for those that have 
 made their fortunes, but as for the subalterns I know not what 
 they will do. This is a life. Sir, that I am contented with and 
 that I like very much, was I not so low on the list, but that is 
 I hope to your certainty of getting me in the Civil list. 
 
 " I assure you I meet with a great many friends here. Colonel 
 Campbell is very kind to me ; he wanted me to live with him. 
 He wen£ to Colar sick on account of the ball he received in his 
 body,'^' but I fear it will hinder him from taking the field again. . . 
 I need not tell you how much he is beloved here, which I imagine 
 you are no stranger to. Colonel Smith is an exelent man. 
 I often dine with him, as I shall to day. He is a man, which 
 no one is unless he is sensible of feeling. How much my father 
 is mistaken [in] the objection he had against my being in the 
 army, that I should be more exposed to bad company. Here 
 is, [I] own, good and bad, and very good genteel young fellows : 
 therefore if I keep tiie bad company it is my fault. 
 
 " I wrote to my brother^'^) at Bengal, but whether it will go 
 safe I know not, as he is not at Calcutta. . . I had a letter 
 from Tom Palk^*' the night I got to camp, who is with Captain 
 
 (1) Colar (Kolar) is 200 miles due west of Madras. 
 
 (2) Donald Campbell received a wound at the siege of Madura in 17G3, wliich 
 troubled him for years. 
 
 (3) Robert Palk, jun. 
 
 (4) Lieut. Thomas Palk. 
 
No. 55.] 82 
 
 Madge. ... I hope that Mrs. P. is well and my little 
 cousins. . . I remain, my dear Sir, your sincere and affectionate 
 nephew 
 
 "T. Palk." 
 
 [P.S.] " Since I wrote you the former. I told you how happy 
 I was with Captain Mackay, but since [then] I have lost him, 
 lost him ; he is no more. In attempting to escalade the Fort 
 of Malwagle (i> on a high rock, that is an impossibility to 
 perform ever. We took it by stratagem from Hyder, as did he 
 again, but 'tis imagined by bribery ; but, however, Colonel 
 Wood'-' marched there immediately and ordered a party to 
 storm it if possible, and my dear Hector would go a volunteer, 
 and was obstinate enough not to be advised to the contrary ; 
 but he got on the wall twice and [was] knocked off, and making 
 the retreat my friend, whom I could venture to call so, was 
 killed. What his friend Goodlad suffers is unaccountable, 
 whom he made his executor." 
 
 [Holograph, 6 j)p., 4to.] 
 
 [No. 56.] 
 
 Mrs. Kitoria Sloper'^) to Robert Palk, Esqr, 
 
 1768, October 4th, Cuddalore. — Sir, I have received from 
 your attorneys sums of £903 8s. 3d. and £454 19s. 5d. in pagodas 
 at 7s. 8d. as interest on the children's legacies from January, 
 1767, to April, 1769, for which I and the other guardians have 
 given bills in your favour on Messrs. Boehm & Sons, merchants, 
 of Size Lane, in whose hands Major Brownrigg has deposited a 
 declaration of trust. " You have greatly obliged me in your 
 assistance and has restored peace and gladness to my heart . . . 
 I am also greatly obliged to Major Brownrigg for so honourably 
 discharging his trust . . . 
 
 " Kitoria Sloper." 
 [Autograph, 1 p., flscp.] 
 
 (1) The hill fort of Mulbagal, 17 miles east of Kolar.'was taken by stratagem in 
 June, 1768, by Captain Richard Mathews, disguised as a native officer. Haidar 
 recovered the place three months later. He was attacked by Colonel Wood, who 
 retook the lower defences on the 3rd October, but failed in an attempt to escalade 
 the rock. A battle followed on the -1th, in which Wood narrowly escaped defeat. 
 
 (2) John Wood was commissioned Ensign in the Company's Europeans in 1753, 
 and held the rank of Captain five years later. He served as Major at the second 
 siege of Madura in 1764 under Colonel Charles Campbell. In 1767 Lieut. Colonel 
 Wood moved from Trichinopoly to join Colonel Joseph Smith against Haidar Ali, 
 and was present at the battle of Trinomalai. In 1768 he conimanded an independent 
 division in the Baramahal, where he met with remarkable success. On the summons 
 to Madras of Colonel Smith, Wood assumed chief command, but displayed incapacity 
 and sustained such serious reverses that he was recalled. He was tried by court- 
 martial in 176!) on charges of misappropriation of stores and misconduct in the 
 field, and though acquittcnl l)y the Court was dismissed the service by Government. 
 The Directors subsequently upheld the acquittal. He married Elizabeth Owen 
 in 1762, and died at Madras in 1774. 
 
 (3j Widow of Robert Sloper, a civil servant of 1749, who was Sea and Land 
 Customer at Cuddalore in 1754, 
 
83 
 
 [No. 57.] 
 Mrs. Jane Morse 'i' to [Robert Palk, Esqr.] 
 
 1768, October 9th, Fort St. George. — ^" Dear Sir, Yesterday 
 arrived a pacquet from Bombay with letters from Europe dated 
 the 27th of May, gi\'ing an account of the arrival of the Hector 
 with a list of the new Directors ; that Mr. Saunders '-* had 
 resigned in a pet, and Mr. Sulivan not being in, there is little 
 hopes of seeing Mr. Van'"^' again in India. I imagin he will 
 therefore forme a plan suitable to his fortune and incressing 
 family. 
 
 " The disagreeable disputes Mr. Majendia <*' and young 
 Carmichael has had with Captain Jackson has given their 
 friends concern and trouljle. However, the attention which 
 Mr. Holland and Mr. Morse has had to both partys has prevented 
 its being brought before the Board, and indeed I think it had 
 been better let alone on all sides. Mr. Majendia came a shore 
 very ill. He found great benefit from the Mount air. They 
 staid here two months, and went to Bengal in a French ship. 
 
 " The Directors has sent orders to all their Settlements that 
 all those people that are come to India without their leave 
 should be sent home by the first ship. Young Carmichael and 
 Mr. Cuthbert's(^) brother are of the number, and how that affair 
 may be settled at Bengal I do not know. 
 
 " I have the pleasure to tell you, dear Sir, your nephew Mr. 
 John Palk(^' is well at camp. He seems of a happy dis- 
 position and ready to take any advice his friends may give him. . . 
 The Nabob is expected from camp in a few days to live at 
 Lawrence Baug,<"' and I hear Mr. Hydro*'^' does not intend we 
 should go to the Mount. My compliments to dear ]Mrs. Palk, 
 and I am, dear Sir, your affectionate and obliged humble servant, 
 
 " Jane Morse." 
 [Holograph, 3f pp., Uo.] 
 
 (1) Jane Morse, nee Goddard, became in 1730, the wife of Nicholas Morse of the 
 civil service, who was Governor of Madras when the town capitulated to the French 
 in 1746. She was granted a permit Viy De la Bourdonnais to leave the Fort prior 
 to its boml)ardment, but refusing to seek security she employed herself with other 
 ladies in making cartridge cases for the heavy guns. After the surrender she was 
 sent with her husband to Fondicherry. When Madras was threatened by Lally 
 in 1758 Mrs. Morse and her daughter Mrs. Vansittart were despatched for safety 
 to the Dutch settlement of Sadras, but that town having been occupied l)y the 
 French a few days earlier, the two ladies fell into the hajids of the enemy. 
 
 (-1 Thomas Saunders had been President and Governor at Fort St. David 
 1750-52, and at Fort St. George 1752-55. Vide al^o p. 70, note 2. 
 
 {•^) Henry Vansittart, Mrs. Morse's son-in-law. 
 
 (*' Andrew Majendie was a Madras civil servant of two years' standing. 
 
 (5) Arthur Cuthl)ert came to India with Admiral Watson in 1754. From 17(i3 
 he traded at Madras as a free merchant, and in 1771 became Agent for the Squadron. 
 He married Sarah Hopkins in 1765. 
 
 (6) An error for Thomas Palk. John Palk, who was not a nephew of Governor 
 Palk, arrived in India in June 1770. 
 
 '") General Lawrence's garden-house at St. Thomas's Mount. 
 (8) Sportive for Haidar All, 
 
84 
 
 [No. 58.] 
 Captain T[homas] Madge to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1768, October 16th, Samulcotah. — " Dear Sir, I had the 
 pleasure to receive your favor by Mr. Welshford,*^' who 
 forwarded it to me from Madrass, as he was ordered to proceed 
 with some other cadets to join the army under Colonel Smith 
 to the southward." I have recommended him to friends there, 
 and when the campaign is over I shall apply for his transfer 
 here, as well as that of young Palk unless you have previously 
 secured the latter's admission to the civil service. 
 
 " I wish I could say anything in favor of Mr. Smerdon, or 
 could flatter myself with hopes of being able to do justice to 
 your recommendation in his behalf. But as his behavior is so 
 very inconsistent with the way of life he has engaged on. . . I 
 fear he will never get a commission. He may thank his ill- 
 judging father for his present imbecillity and infatuation. The 
 latter has been the consequence of his morose behavior to 
 and close confinement of the young man to the study of books 
 at hours and times when he ought to have been taught to form 
 his judgement of men, and have instructed himself in their 
 manners ; for the neglect of which, notwithstanding his 
 laborious education, his boasted skill in classical learning, he 
 can be deemed no otherwise than a learned block head. The 
 close attachment to study so much disgusted him that now he 
 is left to his own discretion he indulges his inclinations to their 
 utmost scope, some of which are very much to the prejudice 
 of his character and principles. 
 
 " The niggardly behavior of his father when he launched 
 him into the world is scarcely credible ; for who would imagine 
 a person in his circumstances would have sent his son on a 
 voyage to India with no other allowance to furnish [him] with 
 necessaries for the voyage but the £10 he received at the India 
 House ? Plowever, with that sum, and that only, was he hurried 
 aboard the Clive, Indiaman, at a very short notice, even after 
 he had declared (as he tells me) his aversion to the way of life 
 he was precipitated into, unprovided with proper cloaths for 
 the country or even the voyage. This unnatural beha^•ior 
 of the father subjected the young man to such mean distresses 
 as quite suppressed the small share of spirit he derived from 
 constitution, as he was driven to the necessity of living on the 
 bare ship's allowance before he had been three months at sea, 
 which excluded him from the mess and consequently the society 
 of the other cadets . . . and so unprovided was he with cloaths 
 that he was obliged to borrow of his conn-adcs what he was 
 deficient in before he could come ashore at Madrass ! 
 
 " He ought,' however, to have thought his distresses at an 
 end on his arrival in India, as I allowed him whatever money 
 he pretended to have occasion for, and had ordered my agent 
 
 d' a fiulct. Cf. No. 71, p. 99, nole 1. 
 
85 [No. 58. 
 
 at Madrass to equip him for camp, whither he had been ordered 
 to proceed with some other cadets. On being acquainted with 
 these orders lie declared pul)hckly that he would on no account 
 go to camp till he had seen me, and tliat he had been sent out 
 by you to be under my care, otherwise he would never have 
 come to India. His obstinately persisting in his resolution of 
 not going to camp began to be taken notice of at Madras, which 
 would soon have infallibly ruined him, had not a friend of mine 
 then on the spot . . . advised me to get him to the northward." 
 On this hint I wrote to Mr. Bourchier, who kindly arranged 
 his transfer. 
 
 " Since his arrival he has given another reason for refusing 
 to join the army than that the military life is not agreeable to 
 his inclination, and — what is only commendable in his whole 
 conduct — frankly confesses his want of spirit. He is now at 
 head quarters, where " he has already tried Colonel Tod's 
 patience " by his dronish method of life and aversion to improve 
 himself . . . You will at once perceive he will never make a 
 soldier, nor be fit for any other way of life in so licentious, so 
 dissipated a country as India. And if his father has the least 
 share of affection remaining for his son, he ought immediately 
 to send for him home and preserve him from unavoidable ruin 
 and disgrace, which must otherwise be his fate ! 
 
 " The adopting the cause of our almost friendless military 
 establishment by you, General Lawrence and General Caillaud 
 gives me some faint hopes that the injustice done us by the 
 Directors will not be repeated the next season, as nothing can 
 be more grievous or unmerited. They are themselves pleased 
 to commend the behavior of their military servants on the 
 Coast, whilst they disapprove of the licentiousness of those at 
 Bengal, to check which his lordsliip was under the necessity of 
 taking another trip to India. And the sending out field officers 
 for that establishment might have been thought necessary 
 by him in order to curb that spirit of dissension he had reason 
 to apprehend was not entirely suppressed. But as our Corps 
 has never been known to have proved refractory, it is really 
 hard we should suffer for the faults of another." 
 
 The Company's action in sending us two new majors from 
 England is resented by the superseded captains, and the Madras 
 Board has made no remonstrance. When peace is made with 
 Haidar, Donald Campbell, Wood, Hart and another field officer 
 are expected to retire, and I shall be senior captain for 
 promotion. If I am superseded I must protest by resigning. 
 Having saved about £4,000, I shall be able to clear off my 
 father's debts, " when the allowance of my half pay will soften 
 the pains and infirmities of declining age and render that 
 generally comfortless portion of life at least tolerable," 
 
 I will not attempt an account of political matters on the 
 Coast, nor of the operations to the southward, but will only say 
 that " the not pursuing the measures you had lain down at 
 
No. 58.] 86 
 
 your quitting the Government, and which seemed so well 
 calculated for checking, if not effectually destroying, the hopes 
 which our old enemies the French promise themselves in a 
 future national war in India with the assistance of the Mysorean, 
 appears very strange to an impartial observer. The French 
 very visibly exult in our want of penetration, and amongst 
 themselves promise the speedy accomplishment of that revenge 
 they in their late despair comforted themselves with — the hopes 
 of reducing us to the same degree of misery we had the good 
 fortune to make their lot in the late war." 
 
 I enclose probate of Captain Cranch's will. The amount 
 hitherto collected of his estate, some Pags. 300, is required to 
 pay off a trust for the relations of a deceased officer. Learning 
 that Cranch's mother is in poor circumstances, I beg you to 
 pay the legacies left to her and her son and daughter in advance 
 of future collections and remittances. " The leaving the 
 principal part of his fortune to a natural child . . . when he 
 knew he had a mother and a lawfull wife who were in want of 
 every thing he could leave them, is what I never expected from 
 the honest disposition of my old friend. As he has made no 
 provision in his will for his wife, she will, I presume, be entitled 
 to a third of what he may have died worth . . . 
 
 " I cannot finish this voluminous letter without congratulating 
 you on your getting a seat in Parliament for Wareham,'^* nor 
 be singular amongst the joyfull inhabitants of Ashburton in 
 not testifying my acknowledgements for the share you have 
 had in procuring them so valuable a representative as Mr. 
 Sulivan, to whom I could wish to be gratefully remembered 
 likewise. 
 
 " The happy delivery of Mrs. Palk and the joy expressed by 
 your wellwishers at Ashburton on your return to your native 
 country gave me that becoming satisfaction I shall always feel 
 on every occasion of your happiness. And that you and Mrs. 
 Palk may long enjoy every blessing which health attended with 
 affluence, and the disposition of making the proper use of it, 
 will never cease to bring you, are the unfeigned wishes of, dear 
 Sir, your truly devoted and gratefully obliged humble servant, 
 
 "T. Madge." 
 [Holograph, 8 pp., Uo.] 
 \Enclosure.] 
 
 Copy of Probate of Will of Lieut. Peter Cranch of the Com- 
 pany's service, signed by Charles Smith, Mayor of Madras- 
 patnam, on 12th April, 17G8, together witli copy of Will of 
 Lieut. I'etcr Cranch, of H.M. 79th Regiment, executed at 
 Batavia on 28th August, 1764. Executors, Capt. Francis Du 
 Pont, Lieut. William Fleming and Lieut. Robert McNab, all 
 of H.M. 79tii Regiment, and Lieut. Thomas Madge, of H.M. 
 96th Regiment. 
 
 [5| pp. Jl-scp. IVa.r seal, defaced, of the Mayor's Court.] 
 
 II) Asliliiiitnn \\;is rcproHonti'd liy Uol)ort I'alk, from 17U7 to 1708 aiul fioiu 
 1771 (o I7S7, aud l>y Laurence SuLivaii from 1768 to 1771. 
 
87 
 
 [No. 59.] 
 Lieut. Thomas Palk to [Robert Palk, Esqr.] 
 
 1768, October 24th, Sainalcotah. — " Sir, I hope you have 
 duly received my last letter dated from C'hicacole, in which I 
 acquainted you of an expedition's being ordered to march 
 against Hyderabad. We soon returned, as peace was made 
 with the Nizam when we were within five days' march of his 
 capital. Soon after our joyning Colonel Hart I was appointed 
 his Aid du Camp, in which station I acted a very short time, 
 as the command was taken from him by Colonel Peach, of the 
 Bengali detachment. 
 
 " Hyder Ally has been very troublesome ere since, although 
 he has been worsted in every engagement. Colonel Wood has 
 been excessive lucky in his conquests of late : he has taken 
 several of Hyder's forts, in one of which he put about 6,000 
 people to the sword ; he indeed in general gives them little 
 or no quarter. About the beginning of this month he attacked 
 Hyder's whole army, which consisted of about thirty thousand 
 horse and foot, with only 450 Europeans and three thousand 
 sepoys. The action lasted five hours, when Hyder was obliged 
 to retreat, leaving in the field about 2,000 (thousand) foot 
 killed, 100 (hundred) horse, and several elephants and camels. 
 On our side were killed Captains Villiers Fitzgerald*^' and Hector 
 Mackay, 2 ensigns and 63 private killed and wounded, and 
 about 250 sepoys killed and wounded. 
 
 " About two months since, on an alarum in our Morattoe 
 camp, Captain Gee, who was Aid de Camp to Colonel Smith, 
 was ordered to see what was the matter ; but the Morattoes, 
 imagining him to belong to Hyder Ally cut him to pieces.*-' 
 He is greatly lamented . . . He married Miss Carter about 6 
 months before his death. 
 
 " Cousin Thomas arrived some time since, but I have not 
 as yet had the pleasure of seeing him . . as he is at present with 
 Colonel Smith. He acquaints me by letter that he left all 
 friends in Devonshire well . . . He seems to like a camp life 
 very well, and says most of your friends behave excessive kind 
 to him. Young Mr. Smerdon was with us at this place (for a 
 few days) about 2 months since, but is at present at Ellore under 
 Lieutenant Colonel Tod's command. I am sorry to acquaint 
 you that his behaviour has been very indifferent since his arrival. 
 I shall defer giving any account of him, as Captain Madge tells 
 me he intends writing you a long letter concerning him, and 
 another to Mr. Smerdon to advise him to send for his son 
 home . . . 
 
 (1' Captain Robert Villiers PitzGeralJ distiaguished himself at the attack on 
 the hill-fort of Kistnagiri in 1767, and was killed at Mulbagal in Octoljer, 1768. 
 
 (2) The Marathas here mentioned were a contingent of mercenaries under Morari 
 Rao, Chief of Gooty, engaged by the British after the defection of the Pcshwa's 
 army. Haidar's cavalry made a night assault on their camp on the 22nd August, 
 and Morari Rao ordered his troopers to remain on foot and attack all mounted 
 men. Captain Gee galloping up from the adjacent British camp to investigate, 
 was mistaken for a Mysorean and cut down. 
 
No. 59.] 88 
 
 " I received a letter from cousin Robert about a month ago. 
 He is still third in Council at Cossimbuzar. He acquaints me 
 that Suraja Dowla (^' is on the point of breaking out with the 
 Company again, and that he has an immense army now in the 
 field. It is also thought that the Nizam will not keep to his 
 treaty long, for which reason Councillor Why tie '-' is ordered 
 on an embassy to Hyderabad to endeavour to prevent Hyder 
 Ally's bringing him over, which it is conjectured would be the 
 case unless Mr. Whytle settles matters . . . 
 
 " There are three field officers and three captains arrived 
 this season .: one of the majors is dead since his arrival. It is 
 reported several of the field officers intend leaving the country 
 as soon as the war with Hyder Ally is at an end. 
 
 " By letters from my mother and uncle this season they inform 
 me of their having seen you at Ashburton soon after your 
 arrival, [and] of your kindness in promising to send my brother f-^' 
 out as soon as of a proper age ... Be pleased to make my 
 respects to Mrs. Palk, and to Mr. Palk(^) and his spouse at 
 Ashburton. I remain, with due regard and esteem, Sir, your 
 most obliged and devoted humble servant, 
 
 "Thomas Palk." 
 
 " P.S. This last engagement with Hyder Ally is said to have 
 been the warmest contested action that has happened since 
 General Lawrence appeared on the plains of Thichanopoly ; 
 by which Colonel Wood has gained great honour." 
 
 [Holograph, 4 jjp-i 4^o.] 
 
 [No. 60.] 
 George Purnell to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1768, October 27th, Fort St. George. — Sir, I could scarcely 
 expect replies from you to my applications of February and 
 April, 1767, but letters received from the correspondents of 
 Mr. Morse's house show how greatly I am indebted to you. 
 " I am likewise informed by Mr. Morse of the kind pains you 
 was at, relating to my being fixed in it, which renders me so 
 greatly obliged to you that I want words to express my most 
 gratefull thanks. . . ." If I may make one more request it 
 is that you will favour me with a recommendation to Mr. Du 
 Pre .... 
 
 " George Purnell." 
 
 [Holograph, 1 p., 4fo.] 
 
 [No. 61.] 
 Nic[holas] Morse to Rohert Palk, Esqr. 
 1768, October—, Fort St. George.—" Dear Sir . . . My letter 
 wrote you the 1st of August . . will let you know the situation of 
 
 (1) Shiija-ud-daula, Nawab Vizier of Oiulh. 
 
 (^) John \\ hiloliill, a member of the Madras Council. 
 
 (3) Joliii Palk. 
 
 (■1) Walter Palk, brother of Governor Palk. 
 
89 [No. 61. 
 
 affairs at that time, and I wish I could now say that Vengalore 
 had been attacked, but yet the siege of tliat is not begun. The 
 getting up the heavy cannon, ammunition and other matters 
 have taken up all this time, and Hydro Naigue trying every 
 thing to save his capital. Colonel Wood lately engaged him 
 in battle for several hours, and 'tis said Rilled on his side eight 
 of his principal officers, 400 horses and one thousand men. 
 The English loss was 4 officers killed, 5 wounded, 20 Europeans 
 and one hundred sepoys. Some days ago he sent an agent to 
 the camp, perhaps only to amuse till his horse that he had sent 
 for from Biddanore came to him, and who were in the action 
 with Colonel Wood. I believe the Gentlemen would come into 
 any honourable proposals for setling matters with Hydro, as 
 the war is expensive, and attended with nmch trouble, and 
 injurious to the revenues ; and his horse may make sad ravages 
 in the country, which desperation may drive him to. It will 
 be that only that will put him on sending for the Morattas to 
 assist, for he is jealous of them, and would rather chuse to have 
 none near him ; and we may wish that those locusts may not 
 appear in the Carnatic. The Nabob has been much out of 
 order of late, chiefly, I believe, owing to vexation of mind . . 
 and he has had a large share of it since 1750. He remains yet 
 in the camp, but [it is] uncertain if he will stay long there or 
 come to Velloor. 
 
 " I find that Lord Clive's friendship for Mr. V.(^) was but of 
 a short continuance. He, it's said, is much recovered, and 
 probably is with you at London before now to try at some thing 
 or another, for he can never rest. His behaviour to Mr. V. has 
 not been suitable to the professions he made, and it would have 
 been more honourable to have not made them when he knew 
 what he had underhand done to hurt him. 
 
 " Letters overland from London of the — May bring advices 
 of the election and a list of the Directors chosen ; Mr. Bolton,'^* 
 Chairman, Sir George Colebrooke, Deputy, &c., and Mr. 
 Saunders (^' quitted. This seems to have not been expected, 
 nor is it said how it has happened. We must waite to know 
 how these gentlemen stand affected to Mr. V., or if there is 
 any likelihood of his coming abroad. It was mentioned in a 
 letter that came by the Grenville that Mr. V. had desired a 
 General Court to be called on the 8th of April, but we are 
 strangers to what was done there on that day with regard to 
 him. It is publickly talked in town that the Gentlemen at 
 home do not approve of the war with Hydro, or the connection 
 with the Subah of Golcondah. 
 
 " Capts. Johnson and Paine have had my advice in regard 
 to the disposal of their adventures .... So many ships, and 
 all bringing the same articles, overstocked the market. How- 
 
 (1' Henry Vansittart. 
 
 (2) Henry Crabb Boulton, Chairman in 17G8. 
 
 (3) Thomas Saunders, Deputy Chairman in 1767. 
 
No. 61.] 90 
 
 ever, considering all things, they have fared as well as could be 
 expected . . . Mr. Helling delivered me the garden seeds, as 
 Mr. Carmichael did the broad cloth . . . Mr. Helling is in a 
 way to soon get the command of a vessel by the help of Mr. 
 Johnson, and seems a very deserving person. I hope the 
 accounts of the House will be ready to send you by the next 
 opportunity. Mr. De Fries<^) has not kept up to his repeated 
 promises to finish them . . . There was no ship to Manilla this 
 year, not is there likely to be one the next, nor till it is known 
 what treatment the ship is to meet with .... 
 
 " Captain Mackay being killed in the storming a small fort 
 on a hill, your nephew will be recommended to some other 
 person. ^- 
 
 " There are orders from Europe to endeavour to get in the 
 Nabob's debt to the Company, which by the war is greatly 
 inlarged. The creditors have agreed, on the Governor and 
 Council's pressing instances, to lend them upwards of 200,000 
 pagodas ; but I imagine they can do no more, as the want of 
 money is very great, and some have their all there, and perhaps 
 others somewhat more. Persons are not a little uneasy 
 on this occasion, and desirous of getting what they can ; and 
 it would be ^^ery hard upon many to waite for years to get 
 in their money, which is secured to them under the strongest 
 obligations and when the Company's then debt was in a fair 
 way of being cleared in that period . . . 
 
 " The diamonds now sent are esteemed here to be about 
 4 to 5 per cent, better in quality than what went on the 
 Egmont, and the Association has been of some service to the 
 giving a check to the bringing in goods of an inferior quality. 
 Nilcantaker has not been so forward as we could have wished 
 in furnishing us for this ship. . . . 
 
 " Nic. Morse." 
 
 [Holograph, 6 pp., Mo.] 
 
 [No. 62.] 
 Robert Palk to [William Martin Goodlad.] 
 
 1768, November 1st, London. Received 18th May, 1769, 
 per Lioness. — " Dear Billy, Your two last letters are of the 
 21st September and 6th November [1767], and we have since 
 in some measure been relieved from our anxiety by some success 
 against Hyder Aly, and the return of Nizam Aly to our alliance. 
 This I hope will inable you sufficiently to lower Hyder Naig, 
 and prevent his being troublesome in future. 
 
 " Being but just returned from Devonshire, I have not lately 
 seen Mrs. or Miss Goodlad, but I hear they are well. I have 
 succeeded no better than last year in the consignment way. 
 The trade is become so bad that they all talk of withdrawing 
 
 (1) John d'Fries, who later succeeded to Morse's Ixisinoss and estal>lished the 
 firm of Pelliug & De Fries. 
 
91 [No. 62. 
 
 their concerns ; therefore be careful liow you meddle with 
 diamonds, for in general they will not now bring seven shillings. . . 
 
 '' Your militia*!* no doubt was admirably appointed, well 
 disciplined and well conmianded ; but with such light infantry 
 as James Bourchier, Jos. Smith, yourself and Troutback t^) 
 should have marched out to the enemy and given them a fright, 
 of which they would have been very susceptible ; but I suppose 
 you were taken by surprize, and they were too quick in their 
 motions. 
 
 " Mr. Sulivan '^' would not be dissuaded from trying his luck 
 once more : the lists of Proprietors will be published in a few 
 days, and then, if I mistake not, he will see clearly that, with 
 all the split votes**) the Dutch could furnish, he has not the 
 least chance ; and I shall be glad to see an end to all contest. 
 
 " Nancy and Lawrence are well, and a little girl<^' [was] 
 born the first of this year. My nephew Tom being appointed 
 a Writer, I desire that you and Stone*^' will take him under your 
 management and endeavor to qualify him for a good Company's 
 servant. I forgot to say to his Honor the Governor that the 
 General desires he will favor and protect Mr. Ballard, who went' 
 out a Cadet in the same ship with Mr. Alexander. I am ever, 
 dear Billy, your affectionate and sincere friend, 
 
 [Holograph, 2f pp. Jlsc]}.] " Robt. Palk." 
 
 [No. 63.] 
 Robert Palk to' [William Martin] Goodlad. 
 
 1768, November 22nd, London. Received 31st May, 1769, 
 per Mr. Cockrane.*'"* — " Dear Goodlad, The friends of the bearer, 
 a son of Lord Dundonald, having desired a recommendation, 
 what greater service can I render him than to desire you will 
 take care that he is well instructed in his dut}- to the Company, 
 which is the only method to contribute to his future success ? . . 
 
 " Your sincere and affectionate friend, 
 
 [Holograph, 1 p., Uo.] " Robt. Palk." 
 
 (1) Embodied iu September, 1768, vvhen Haidar's horse raided the suburbs of 
 Madras. 
 
 (2) Samuel Troutback, born in 1700, was Ijoatswain of the King George when 
 that ship was wrecked near Sadras in 1721, after which lie Ijecame a free merchant 
 at Fort St. George. He married Susanna Morgan in 1726, and died in 1785, leaving 
 the bulk of his property to St. John's Charity School, Wapping, where he had been 
 educated. Legal difficulties resulted in the bequest passing to the Crown. 
 
 (3) Laurence Sulivan. 
 
 (4) Each holder of £500 and upwards of India stock possessed one rote in the 
 Court of Proprietors, which elected the twenty-four Directors. To increase their 
 voting power it was the practice for large stockholders to spUt their holdings into 
 blocks of £500 and transfer them nominally to friends, retaining a call on their 
 votes, which were termed split-votes. 
 
 (5) Catherine Palk. 
 
 '6> John Maxwell Stone, Secretary in the Military and Political Department. 
 
 (7) The Hon. Basil Cochrane, fifth son of the 8th Earl of Dundonald, entered 
 the Madras civil service at the age of sixteen. He filled various minor appoint- 
 ments and was engaged in private commercial undertakings. In 1800, when 
 Military Paymaster, he completed a canal on the west side of Fort St. George, 
 which bears his name. 
 
92 
 
 [No. 64.] 
 Robert Palk to W[illia]m Martin Goodlad. 
 
 1768, December 5th, London. Received 27th July, 1769, 
 per Mr. Phipps. — " My dear Billy, The bearer is a son of Mrs. 
 Phipps, who is a near relation of Mr. Aldersey's, and on that 
 account I am sure you will be very happy to shew him your 
 hospitality during his stay at Madras; and I desire you will 
 introduce him to Mr. Bourchier and all my friends, that he may 
 pass his time agreeably while he stays with you ... I am, 
 dear Billy, most affectionately yours, 
 
 " RoBT. Palk." 
 [Holograph, 1 p., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 65.] 
 George Vansittart to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1769, January 5th. On my way from Calcutta to Midnapore. — 
 You will have heard of Plowman's (^> unexpected death. I 
 went to Calcutta to adjust our business, and made it over to 
 Darrell*-' and Hollond,'^* with whom I have entered into 
 partnership for commission business only. 
 
 I did not before mention " that your nephew'^) had involved 
 himself the deeper in his scrape by agreeing with the other 
 Cossimbazar gentlemen to destroy his Bengal accounts at the 
 time they were demanded from him by the Committee of 
 Inquiry. This, however, was the case ; and this being considered, 
 the Gentlemen of the Council have, I think, acted towards him 
 with all the lenity which could be expected. Upon Ms deliver- 
 ing to them a just account of his profits, and acknowledging 
 the impropriety of his conduct, they have allowed him an 
 emolument of 15 per cent, upon the prime cost of the materials 
 in consideration of trouble, risks and charges, and they have 
 continued him in the service with only the restriction that he 
 shall not be employed out of Calcutta till the Company's pleasure 
 be known. It must now be your care and his other friends' 
 in Europe to get his pardon confirmed and compleated. Mr. 
 Verelst promises that both in his publick and private letters 
 he will write strongly in his favour.'^' The prime cost of the 
 materials which he provided was about a lack of rupees ; his 
 profits about 60,000. I look upon Alexander'^* to be the person 
 to whom he is principally obliged for escaping so well ..." 
 
 I am ordered on " deputation to Janoojee, the Moratta Chief 
 
 (1) Henry Plowman, Vansittart's partner in private business. 
 
 (2) Lionel DareU. Vide No. 54, p. 80, note 1. 
 
 (3) William Hollo nd was a Bengal civil servant of 1767. 
 
 (4) Ro])ert Palk, jun. 
 
 (5) Cf. Letter from Verelst to Robert Palk, sen., 21 Sept., 1768. (B.M. Add. 
 MSS. 31,686.) 
 
 •(6) Jauies Alexander entered the Madras civil service in 175^;. He was admitted 
 to Council in 1763, and went home in the following year. Returning to India in 
 1767 on transfer to Bengal, he served there until 1771. He sat as M.P. for Derry 
 from 1772 to 1789, and in 17UU he was created Earl of Caledon. 
 
93 [No. 65. 
 
 at Nagpore," a trip of 400 or 500 cos. Shuja-iid-daula has 
 agreed to a limitation of liis forces, and we are now good friends 
 
 agani. 
 
 George Van Sittart. 
 
 [Holograph, 4 pp., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 66.] 
 Nic[holas] Morse to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1769, February 28th, Fort St. George.— " By the accident 
 of the Chatham being blown out of the road our friends will 
 have been disappointed of having the letters wrote for her so 
 early as they may have been expected. The Dutton takes them 
 now, on which ship take passage Mr. Carter, Mr. Calland and 
 family, Mr. Sadleir, Mrs. Donald Camj^bell and children, 
 Captains Adair and Drilling. 
 
 " I have ballanced the books of our concerns, and I send you 
 a copy of the journal. There are only two or three articles 
 to be accounted for : one the Nabob's debt, which is paying off 
 yearly. Part of what has been paid the last year has been lent 
 the Company at the desire of the Governor and Council. . . 
 
 " Mr. Plowman's death j^ou will hear [of] by the ships from 
 Bengali. Mr. George has taken for partners Messrs. Darell 
 and William Hollond. It's said he is going on an embassy to 
 Jonadee,*^) Chief of the Morattoes. 
 
 " There has been a great scarcity of money at Calcutta, which 
 has been a great hindrance to business and to the making 
 regular payments, whilst the French and Dutch abound. The 
 difficulty of getting money home furnishes the former with such 
 large sums that their Company is enabled to carry on their 
 affairs with great advantage, and private persons also enjoy 
 the benefit. They are erecting their fortifications at Pondichery 
 by order from France, to which they give much attention. . . " 
 
 Mr, Churchill, who brought letters of recommendation from 
 you to Mr. George Vansittart and myself, delayed proceeding 
 to Bengal, and asked for an advance of money. I ga^^e him 
 £100, but declined a further application. Mr. Vansittart writes 
 that he has directions to pay Mr. Churchill £100 only per annum. 
 
 " I send you a box containing 40 of St. Ignatius's Beads,'"-* 
 which I- have desired Mr. Carter to put in his chest. They have 
 been lately found to be a very good remedy for the bite of a rat, 
 both inwardly and outwardh' made use of. 
 
 "Your nephew, Mr. Thomas has been appointed an ensign 
 for some time, and is well esteemed in the armv . . . 
 
 " You will by this ship have a very disagreeable account of 
 the state of the war with Hydro Naigue. As I am only a 
 
 (1) Janoji. 
 
 (2) St. Ignatius's Beans, wliicli Morse calls " Beads," were the seeds of a plant 
 of tlio Pliilippines reseniljling nux v^oiuica, and were used by the natives in cases 
 of cliolera. In Xovenii)or, I7(i7, Palk had written to James Bourchier to ask for 
 St. Ignatius's beans. {Brit. Mus. Add, MSS. 34,685.) 
 
No. 66.] 94 
 
 bystander I shall not take upon me to write on the subject, but 
 leave it to Mr. Bourchier to write, and Mr. Carter to tell you how 
 matters stand. They will no doubt occasion much uneasiness 
 at home, as they do abroad, to find the country so terribly 
 harrassed and distressed by the ravages of this man daily 
 committed in one part or other of the country. I wish the 
 advices by the Thames may be more agreeable . . . 
 
 " Nic. Morse." 
 [Holograph, 4| pjj., Uo.'\ 
 
 [No. 67.] 
 Certificate of the President and Council of Fort St. George. 
 
 1769, February 28th, Fort St. George. — That the sum of 
 Pags. 272, 26 fa, 15 ca. has been received into the Company's 
 cash from Mr. Reynold Adams'^) on account of the estate of 
 Captain Peter Cranch, deceased. Signed by Chs. Bourchier, 
 Jos. Du Pre, John Call, Ar. Wynch, John Andrews, 
 Geo. Stratton, Geo. Daw^son, Jas. Bourchier, Richd. 
 Brickenden, Geo. Mackay. 
 
 [1 iJ. flscp.] 
 
 [No. 68.] 
 Rama Kisna to Robert Palk, Esq. 
 
 1769, March 9th, Fort. St. George. — Diamonds to the value 
 of Pags. 350,000 go by this ship, the Dutton. 
 
 " This war of Hyder Ally has been very unfortunate to the 
 English, and caused great troubles and anxiety to the inhabi- 
 tants, [so] that if we don't soon have a peace to relieve us from 
 our miserys, we shall be very miserable indeed. I pray for the 
 continuance of your protection towards me and old Mooperala 
 Kisnia's son Cassavaia . . . 
 
 " Rama Kisna 
 
 »>» 
 
 [Holograph, 1 p., flscp.] 
 
 [No. 69.] 
 W[illiam] M[artin] Goodlad to [Robert Palk, Esq.] 
 
 1769, March 11th. Fort St. George. — I have received your 
 letter by Mr. Helling. Johnson and I have procured for him 
 the command of a fine ship now building at Bandermalanka.<-' 
 I hear good reports of your nephew Thomas, who has now held 
 a commission for some months. He will not readily resign 
 military for civil duties, but will nevertheless follow your wishes. 
 
 " I am almost affraid to say any thing on politics, but still I 
 
 '1) Vide No. 112, p. 141, note 1. 
 
 (2) A port on the Qodavari coast, where al)undant supplies of teak were available. 
 
95 [No. 69. 
 
 cannot entirely be silent. You will hear from all hands how 
 truely unprofitable the war has proved to us, and that indeed 
 we were nexer before so handled. Excepting Cuddalore, 
 Trichenopoly, Madura and Pallanicotah, we have not a foot to 
 the southward of Pondicherry that we can call our own : all 
 the country to the southward entirely laid waste ; not an hutt 
 or inhabitant to be seen for sixty miles together, so terrible have 
 been, and still are, the devastations of the enemy's horse. The 
 Coimbatoor country we once called our own, but alas, every 
 fort surrendered again on the first summons, and we are in a 
 much worse situation than ever we were. I dare not touch 
 further on these matters or on our real situation at this time : 
 you will in all probability be fully informed of it from other 
 quarters, and my silence is therefore the more pardonable. 
 
 " Our friend Mr. B.<^* will most probably retiu'n to England 
 about this time next year, as heartily sick of his station as ever 
 man was. He has indeed been truely unfortunate, for his 
 government has been attended with nothing but the most 
 untoward circumstances. I feel for him most sincerely, and 
 tremble at the consequences which our ill success may bring 
 on him. He would have been much happier if the same ship 
 had carried you both to England, and for his sake I really wish 
 he had then quitted us ; for I cannot believe that his circum- 
 stances will have much benefitted, and I am sure his mind would 
 have been much more at ease than it can be after the change 
 which has happened in the Company's affairs under his adminis- 
 tration .... I know no man who ought to hug himself more 
 than you, for surely never was there a less ruffled Government 
 than when the reins were in your hands. 
 
 " I have very little to say to you on the score of news. Pinke*^* 
 died a martyr to the bottle the beginning of January. George 
 Smith is married to Aurora*^' ; James Taylor<^> to Miss Philips. 
 
 " The war has been truelv fatal to our officers. The flowers 
 of our army have been untimely cut off, those indeed who might 
 justly be called so. Alas ! my dear friend, how can I tell you 
 what I have suffered on this occasion ! My invaluable friend, 
 poor Hector Mackay, is no more. It is impossible to express 
 to you how much I valued him, or what I feel at this time at 
 the loss of him ; which you also have reason to regret, as I had 
 placed your nephew under his tuition, and he really took all 
 the care of him that he could of his brother. Captain Gee 
 (who married Miss Carter), and Captain Villiers Fitzgerald, 
 with many others, have fallen in the same cause. 
 
 " We all wish most heartily for peace. Trade is exceedingly 
 dull : the Nabob's payments to his creditors at an end, and in 
 short, in short, we are in a situation by no means pleasing . . . 
 
 (1) Charles Bourchior. 
 
 '2) Thomas Ahu-ed Pincke, a free merchant. 
 
 (3) Margaret Aurora Muriro. 
 
 (4' James Taylor, a civil servant of I7(il, married Ann Phillips. 
 
No. 69.] 96 
 
 "Carterd' Sadleir'^) Mrs. Campbell,'^) Callandf*) and family 
 return to England by this ship : of the last you will hear more 
 from Mr. Bourchier . . . 
 
 "W. M. GOODLAD." 
 
 [Holograph, 4| pp., Mo.] 
 
 [No. 70.] 
 Robert Palk to [William Martin] Goodlad. 
 
 1769, March 17th. London. Received 3rd September. — 
 " My dear Goodlad, In future I promise you to be a much 
 better correspondent, which hitherto has not been the case. 
 Interruption and dissipation are so much in fashion that it has 
 been difficult in this great town to keep an hour to oneself. 
 I have many friends besides yourself to whom I ought to make 
 a better apology. 
 
 " I have now before me your letter of the 12th May,(^) which 
 conveys to me the true state of affairs, that state which I always 
 dreaded. To carry on such a war required the greatest abilities 
 in the commanding officer, and the highest consideration in 
 laying in provisions. Nizam was too long and too much 
 distressed on his march to be of any service to the alliance ; and 
 unless he could have been supplied with money, the consequence 
 must be his getting it from Hyder Naig. I hope the ship which 
 we daily expect will give us better advices. If we could have 
 kept our ground at Onor, I should have concluded the war in 
 a fair way of being finished. You have attributed our want of 
 success to the right cause. Many here are of the same opinion, 
 but those who have it only in their power to remedy that defect 
 do not chuse to show the world that they could be mistaken." 
 
 The Governor and Mr. Call have both incurred the displeasure 
 of the Directors. When they leave for England, I request that 
 Wynch, Morse and yourself may take their places as my 
 attorneys. Withecombe's money you should remit to me as 
 soon as you receive it. The Company would like to cut off 
 the resources of the Nawab's creditors, but legal opinion is 
 against them. They have appointed a secret Committee of 
 Inquiry, which will be occupied two or three years, by which 
 time I hope most of the Nawab's debts will be paid. " You 
 may remember that I always shuddered at the Nabob's debt, 
 and I shall be happy when I hear the creditors are out of 
 danger. 
 
 (1) Roger Carter, late Governor of Bencoolen, Sumatra. 
 
 (2) Anthony Sadleir entered the Madras civil service in 17G0. As Resident of 
 Ingeram he was suspended for oppressing the natives, but was reinstated. Admitted 
 to Council in 1780, he d(>livered so trenchant a minute on the inaction of Whitchill's 
 Government during Ilaidar All's invasion of the Carnatic tliat he was again sus- 
 pended. In 1783 he was employed on missions to tlie French at Cuddalore and 
 to Tipu at Mangalore. In the following year he quarrelled with Lord Macartney 
 at the Council table, and fought a duel with him in whicli tlic Governor was wounded. 
 Sadleir was ultimately transferred to Masulipatam, where he died in 1703. 
 
 (3) Mrs. Donald Campbell. 
 
 (4) John Calland. Vide No. 'Si, p. 55. note 3. 
 
 (5) No. 52, p. 77. 
 
97 [No. 70. 
 
 " Inclosed is a letter to Moodu Kisna/^) who is desired with 
 you to settle a certain affair. Royala Punt,'-' formerly Renter 
 of St. Thome, Devecotah, &c.,says he was turned out soon after 
 my departure, and wants some presents which he made for 
 that reason to be returned. I never in my life asked any man 
 for a present, and those he gave me were so large that indeed 
 they astonished me, viz., one thousand pagodas when he rented 
 Munnimunglum from the Nabob's manager, one thousand 
 when I came to the Government, and, long after he had taken 
 the above farms for five years, I think six or seven thousand 
 more — Moodu Kisna knows which. Of the latter sum I am 
 willing to return him so much back as was unexpired of his 
 term, dividing the latter sum into five ; but this must be done 
 in a judicious manner, and that nothing of it may ever transpire. 
 In short, more or less I leave it to you and Moodu Kisna to 
 settle on any terms confidentially, and to receive the amount 
 from my attornies, to whom I have mentioned it but very 
 slightly. I am sure during my whole government I never sought 
 or intended to oppress any man. And yet I apprehend some 
 European must have forced him to make this demand. 
 
 " I recommend my nephew Tom to your care and protection. 
 The Directors promised he should be the first on the list, and they 
 made him the last. In this country all is party, and poor Tom 
 is involved, though his unkle never meddles further than to give 
 his single vote . . . All our little family, one boy and two girls, 
 are very well. I am still unsettled both in town and country : 
 indeed in this country it requires good management to live 
 within bounds ... I am ever, my dear Billy, your sincere and 
 affectionate friend, 
 
 " RoBT. Palk." 
 
 [Holograph, 4 pp., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 71.] 
 
 [Captain] Thomas Madge to Robert Palk, Esq. 
 
 1769, May 16th. Ellore. — For the last six months anarchy 
 and confusion have reigned in the Carnatic. " As the communica- 
 tion betwixt our Settlements has been so often interrupted by 
 Hyder's cavalry, together with the great care taken by the 
 Gentlemen at Madrass to prevent any correspondence to be 
 carried on concerning the situation of public affairs, most people 
 chose not to write at all rather than run the risque of their letters 
 being stopt and opened at Madrass, or even of being suspected 
 
 (1) Muttukrishna Mudali succeeded ' Paupa Braminy,' jun., in 1749 as Company's 
 Interpreter. In 1751 lie accompanied Palk and Vansittart to Sadras as Translator 
 to their Mission, and detected a fraud in connexion with the grants wliich Dupleix 
 alleged had been made to him by the Subahdar of tlie Deccan. Muttukrishna was 
 Governor's Dubash to Mr. Pigot and his successors, and in 1766 founded and 
 endowed the Town Temple of Madras which replaced ' the great Jentue Pagoda ' 
 of 1646. In 1771 he drew up a rejiort on the historv of the Maravars from 1500 
 A.D. He died in 1792. 
 
 (2) Elsewhere described as Rajah Pundit. 
 
 G 
 
No. 71.] 98 
 
 the authors of any disagreeable though true reports of affairs 
 that might transpire in the country." 
 
 On this account I did not send you earher the enclosed letter 
 of attorney regarding Cranch's affairs. The value of his estate 
 is still uncertain, but the amount of the legacies has been 
 remitted. 
 
 My judgment of the conduct of young Smerdon has proved 
 correct. " He had been ordered on detachment with Captain 
 Bellingham <^) to attack a small fort in their neighbourhood, 
 when he discovered such uncommon tokens of cowardice as 
 I am ashamed to mention. The day after the fort was reduced 
 (it having been abandoned by the enemy) a report prevailed 
 that a field engagement was soon expected ; which so much 
 terrified Smerdon that he immediatelv waited on Bellinoham 
 and told him that he found the air did not agree with him, 
 neither did he by any means approve of a military life ; which 
 induced him to demand leave to quit the detachment 
 immediately in order to repair to Ellore (head quarters in the 
 Circars), as on his arrival there he was determined to quit 
 the service ! In spite of every argument that could be made 
 use of to dissuade him from so scandalous a step, he still 
 persisted in it, and accordingly left the detachment. On his 
 arrival at Ellore Colonel Tod ordered him to set out for Samul- 
 cotah, where I at the time resided, where he advised him to 
 consult with me before he resigned the service. It was with 
 much difficulty he was prevailed upon to make his appearance, 
 and loitered at a small village about 16 coss from Samulcotah 
 five or six days under the most frivolous pretences, till I was 
 under the necessity of threatening to bring him to Samulcotah 
 with a file of men : this brought him immediately. Soon after 
 his arrival he was appointed an ensign from Madrass, a pro- 
 motion that filled him with the greatest concern, as he assured 
 me he would never take the field again as he was sure he could 
 not support his character as an officer. Accordingly, on my 
 being ordered into the field, Smerdon writes a letter to either 
 Colonel Tod or the Chief at IMasulipatam, in which he declares 
 his want of capacity and resolution for the station he had been 
 promoted to, and therefore begs leave to quit the service befoi:e 
 he is put to any further trial ! On receipt of this letter he was 
 ordered to proceed immediately to Madrass, which, sore against 
 his inclinations, he was obliged to comply with. 
 
 " At parting from me he expressed a desire of getting 
 employed as a monthly Writer in the office at Madrass. But 
 as his passion for dissipation, together with an unconquerable 
 aversion to business of any kind, would not allow me to hope 
 he would ever be able to support himself on 10 pags. per month 
 when he could hardly make both ends meet with double the 
 
 (1) Captain Belliiiicliani, who was an Ensign of the Company's European Infantry 
 in 1758, accompanied Cailhuid's detachment to Bengal in the following year. 
 In 1769 he commanded a battalion of native infantry in the Northern Circars, 
 
99 [No. 71. 
 
 sum, I advised him to think seriously of returning to his friends 
 by the first opportunity. Since his leaving the northward, 
 which was in the month of January last, I have never received 
 a letter from him, notwithstanding he derives at present his 
 sole support from my purse. All that I can learn of him is 
 from the accoimts sometimes sent me by a friend at Madrass, who 
 informs me he has been ordered by the Governor and Council 
 to go to Europe by the present opportunity. I have, however, 
 applied to Mr. Bourchier for leave for him to remain at Madrass 
 till the arrival of my unkle's ship, when I shall ship him off 
 immediately. To this the Governor has consented. I am 
 sorry to assure you that he is not indued with one good or even 
 neutral qualification, and what his unhappy father will do with 
 him on his return to England I cannot divine . . ." 
 
 Of affairs in the Carnatic you will hear from other sources. 
 " Our reputation at present seems to be at a very low ebb, as 
 we have experienced such a terrible reverse of fortune during 
 the last ten months of the war as has put such an indelible blot 
 on our arms and councils as will require many years' prudent 
 administration, and as many well conducted successful 
 campaigns, to wipe off before our affairs can be restored to 
 that flourishing condition in which you left them. 
 
 " Hyder has been permitted, it is said, to make good his 
 bravado of granting us a peace close at the gates of Madrass. 
 He was, according to report, very near it with a very incon- 
 siderable body of horse, having by two very long retrograde 
 marches given Colonel Smith the slip, and got betwixt him 
 and jMadrass. He was suffered to remain very near it 
 unmolested, though there were at the time upwards of 300 
 Europeans and two battalions of seapoys in garrison ready to 
 push out upon him, whilst the army without, who was on the 
 march after him, would soon have been so near (had it not been 
 countermanded) as to have prevented his escape. Peace was 
 however concluded with him notwithstanding his situation ; 
 the particulars of which are most of them a profound secret, 
 and by their being disapproved of by the Nabob are not supposed 
 to be much in our favor. He has been gone off for some time 
 to the Mysore country, and the Gentlemen of Madrass are now 
 settling the distribution of the troops belonging to the Madrass 
 establishment in such a manner as to be in utrumque paratus 
 should Hyder take it into his head to renew the war and, as 
 he threatened, overwhelm us with Marattas from all quarters." 
 
 The troops in the Circars are to be increased to a brigade. 
 To the south there will be two brigades. As more subalterns 
 will be needed here, I have asked Mr. Call to get your nephew 
 and Mr. Welsford*^* included in the number, especially the 
 former, because his friend Mr. Wynch, who has been appointed 
 Chief at Masulipatam, will be able to help him. 
 
 (1) A lately arrived cadet. Cf. No. 58, p. 81. 
 
No. 71.] 100 
 
 Our military establishment is going to ruin owing to the 
 assumption of all power by civilians. " Even the Commander 
 in Chief will not very soon have as much authority, independent 
 of the civil power, as a Writer in the office." Mr. Du Pre, who 
 will succeed shortly as Governor, appears to be specially hostile. 
 A recent order prohibits correspondence between military 
 officers and natives unless copies of the letters are submitted 
 to the Presidency. This I consider a hardship. As I have little 
 to expect from ]Mr. Du Pre, and as my only friend in the Council, 
 Mr. Call, is about to quit India, I think of applying for leave to 
 England. If I should be unable to return with my present 
 rank, I shall purchase a troop or company in the King's service 
 at home. 
 
 " T. Madge." 
 [Holograph, 9| pp., 4to.] 
 
 [Enclosure.] 
 
 Letter of Attorney, dated Masulipatam, 11th April, 1769. 
 
 Power of Attorney granted by Captain Thomas Madge, one 
 of the executors of the will of Peter Cranch, formerly lieutenant 
 in H.M.'s 79th regiment and afterwards lieutenant in the East 
 India Company's service, authorizing " Robert Palk of Ashburton 
 in the County of Devon, Esquire," to be his attorney in all 
 matters respecting the executorship. (Signed) T. Madge. 
 
 Witnessed by J[ohn] L[ewin] SmiTH, Chief of Masulipatam, 
 and John Whitehill. 
 
 [2 1 pp. demy. Wax seal with arms and crest] 
 
 [No. 72.] 
 Mrs. Jane Morse to [Robert Palk, Esq.] 
 
 [Endorsed in Palk's hand.] " Mrs. Morse, 1st June 1769. 
 Answered 16th March, 1770." 
 
 1769, June 1st. Fort St. George. — " I think with you, dear 
 Sir, Mr. Van has done well in the purchas he has made at Black 
 Heath. It is convenient for many reasons ; they have a 
 growing family, and oeconomy is highly necessary ... I am 
 glad to hear Mr. Hastings is coming to succeed Mr. Duprei^' 
 for the good of the place, and we shall have a very agreeable 
 friend . . . 
 
 " The painter has not done Mr. Van justice : he has made 
 him look stiff and grave, which I am sure he is not in his nature. 
 There is a strong resemblance of Harrv's features, but I think 
 the complexion too dark. Mr. Stonehouse'^' has wrote Mr. 
 James Bourchier that he has a brother and sister'^' coming 
 out in these ships for Bengal at the desire of Mr. George and 
 his lady, and that he was at a loss how to provide for the young 
 
 (1) As Second Memlior of Council when Du Prd became Governor. Hastings 
 arrived in Seplotnl)er, 17(5!). 
 
 ('-) Lieutenant Thomas Stonhousc of the Bengal establishment, brother of Mrs, 
 George Vansittart. 
 
 (3) Lucia Stonhousc. 
 
> I . 
 
 101 ■,''', ;.,.-r ".'^,'^[N-o.: 72. 
 
 lady during her stay here ; on which Mr. James made 
 appHcation to me, thinking Mr. George might have wrote to 
 us about it. I told him our Midnapore friends had not, but 
 that he might depend on our receiving the lady into our house 
 and shewing her every civility in our power during her stay 
 in Madrass . . . 
 
 "Jane Morse." 
 
 [Holograph, 3 jip., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 73.] 
 
 Jos[iAs] Du Pre to Robert Palk, Esq, 
 
 1769, June 15th. Fort St. George.—" Dear Sir, I will not 
 attempt to give you an account of our unfortunate transactions 
 in the course of the war ; you will have it at large, I dare say, 
 from some of your other friends, and you will find that, far 
 from depriving Hyder of the power of doing mischief, we have 
 been brought to disgrace. Though our armies, with a good 
 General at their head, may almost command victory over any 
 country enemy who will risk a battle, there are other ways by 
 which we may be overcome. We may be ruined by expence. 
 That the peace we have made will be blamed there can be no 
 doubt ; ill success can never share any other fate. I am clear, 
 however, all our circumstances considered, that there was no 
 alternative but that or worse. We must now bend all our 
 endeavors to restore our finances, which are reduced to worse, 
 much worse, than nothing. 
 
 " What ! is there to be no end to wars and rumours of wars 
 in Leadenhall Street ? For my part I have been endeavouring 
 to lay in a small store of philosophy on that subject ever since 
 I was appointed. If I am permitted to stay here a few years, 
 'tis well, I will do the best I can ; and if I should be invited 
 home, why that too will be well, for it will save me an infinite 
 deal of trouble, which I fear, as things are, will procure but 
 little honor and little profit. 
 
 " Your nephew, I understand, after having tried and very 
 well endured a fatiguing campaign, seems to prefer the sword 
 to the quill. He has not yet made a decisive choice. He shall 
 have my support in either, for I hear he has merit. Mr. Morse 
 will always find me ready to give all the assistance that I can 
 with propriety in your affairs or his own. 
 
 " I hope Mrs. l-*alk and your little ones enjoy good health. 
 I wish I could send them a few rays of our sun. We could spare 
 them, for I have never known so hot and dry a season. We are 
 burnt to cynders. Mrs. D. sends her compliments ; she has 
 lately presented me with another girl. 
 
 " Mr. Ballard<i) ! Thank God he is not here. I should be 
 sorry not to take notice of any one recommended by General 
 
 (1) A cadet. Cf, No. 62, j). 91. 
 
Ng. .7I5 102 
 
 Lawrence. I am told that he is a very bad character : he got 
 into some scrape here and fled to Bengal. 
 
 " I beg leave to make my salam to General and Mrs. Caillaud.(^) 
 
 " Have some mercy, I pray you, upon poor America, or you 
 will repent it by and by. Keep off a French war a few years 
 longer if possible, that your affairs in the East as well as the 
 West may be better prepared : — I am speaking now to the 
 Senator. 
 
 " I wish you happiness. What can you wish for more ! 
 
 "Jos. Du Pre." 
 
 {Holograph, 3 pp., 4fo.] 
 
 [No. 74.] 
 Nic[holas] Morse to Robert Palk, Esq." 
 
 1769, June 26th. Fort St. George. — I am of opinion that 
 Harry Vansittart's purchase of a house at Greenwich is well 
 judged. His coming abroad again will depend on circumstances. 
 The want of currency in Bengal is affecting both revenue and ■ 
 trade, and the Government there have ordered the coining of 
 gold mohurs. The causes of the deficiency of silver are natural, 
 and little improvement can be expected while the country 
 remains disturbed. I regret the frequent changes in the 
 ministry at home. " Luxury and licentiousness were never 
 at so great a higth, and the nation in general [is] much altered 
 for the worse. 
 
 " Mr. Bourchier talks of leaving Lidia next January. The 
 appointment of Mr, Hastings next to Mr. Du Pre I find had been 
 determined in the Court of Directors. They are happy in having 
 so worthy and capable a person in their service, as the present 
 state of India requires those of such a character ; for though 
 there has been a peace made with Hydro Naigue, yet there is 
 no dependance on him ; but rather that he might joyn the 
 French on any rupture with them, as it is certain there are 
 connections between them, and it may be apprehended that 
 Sujah Doulah might be ready to make use of any advantage 
 of time and circumstances. The Morattas are powerful and 
 always acting for interest ; and on the whole the English may 
 esteem themselves happy if they can preserve what they have, 
 
 (1) John Caillaml arrived in India with a British detachment in 1753, and was 
 commissioned Captain in the Madras Army. He served under Lawrence in Trichin- 
 opoly, and from 1755 to 175!) commanded in the Southern districts. During that 
 period lie operated against Mahfuz Khan in Tinnevelly and IVIadura and reheved 
 Tricliinopoly, which was besieged l)y d'Auteuil. At llie siege of Ma(h-as l»y Lally, 
 Caillaud commanded tlie field force at Chingloput, and fought a vigorous action at 
 St. Thomas's Mount in February, 1759. Appointed to command the troops in 
 Bengal, he saw active service in Bihar in 17tiO and 1761. Returning to Madras, 
 Colonel Caillaud reduced Nellore in lliS'l and laid siege to Arnee. In the following 
 year he liecame Brigadier General, and in 17l)() took possession of the Circars, which 
 had Ix'en coded to tlie British l)y the Mogul. To placate the Nizam, Caillaud was 
 deputed to Hyderabad, where he concluded a treaty under which the Company 
 agreed to pay a tribute for the new territory. On retirement he settled in Oxford- 
 shire, where he died in 1810. 
 
103 . [No. 74. 
 
 to do which will require great care and circumspection, and to 
 be prepared. Had a peace been made in September last, the 
 Carnatic would not have suffered in the unhappy manner it 
 has, nor Hydro boasted that it was now his time to do it. 
 The terms are not yet made public, although concluded six weeks 
 ago .... 
 
 " Mr. Call is far from being well, yet cannot resolve to go to 
 Europe on this ship. He and the military have not agreed, and 
 I think if the Deputies had not been sent it might have been 
 better ; at least there would not have been so much uneasiness 
 in the camp. As to the late war, much has been wrote to Europe 
 by the Button, and as to the peace, there will be a great deal 
 to say by this ship from different hands . . . 
 
 " The justices and jury at the last sessions had some disputes : 
 the first sworn in were soon dismissed, and another set sworn 
 in. Messrs. Majendie*^), Benfield*"*, and Marsden(^> are bound 
 in recognizances of £1,000 to appear at the Court of King's Bench 
 on Michaelmas Term, 1771. 
 
 " The advices by the Egmont occasioned the Gentlemen at 
 home to put some treasure on each ship bound to China, which 
 was well judged . . . The supracargoes have liberty to draw 
 for £200,000 on England at 5s. per dollar, and will greatly help 
 persons in their remittances home of their money. 
 
 " Your nephew, I believe, has not yet determined about the 
 civil or military : I shall therefore refer you to him for an 
 explanation. He seemed apprehensive that his allowances in 
 the civil might not be equal to the other ; on which I assured 
 him that your attorneys would make up that to him, which 
 might be about [Pags ] 12 more to his diet money, the Ensign's 
 pay being, with the allowance, about 20 pagodas per month ; 
 and that I did not doubt but you would hereafter order him 
 some money to assist him in business. I have said much to 
 him on the occasion, and endeavoured to persuade [him] not 
 to miss the opportunity of being in the civil, as what you had 
 obtained for him with some trouble, and as the best way of 
 his getting forward in life. He is a very good lad, sedate and 
 well disposed, and has given much satisfaction to his superior 
 officers, and may do well in either way." 
 
 I have arranged matters with all the correspondents of the 
 House, and shall relinquish business as soon as the accounts are 
 closed, so the next despatch will be from Mr. Hollond and his 
 associates. I am quite tired out, " finding it impossible to 
 satisfy every one. You are sensible of the trouble I have had, 
 and the difficult times I have had to negotiate their affairs in, 
 which others are not. I never kept back any money that could 
 be remitted, and yet find some of them think we have . . ." 
 
 " Nic. Morse." 
 
 [Holograph, Q\ pp., Uo.] 
 
 (1) Andrew Majendie. Vide No. 57, p. 83, note 4. 
 <2) Paul Benfield. Vide No. 78, p. 109, note 1. 
 (3) Thomas Marsden. Vide No. 78, p. 109. note 2. 
 
104 
 
 [No. 75.] 
 J[ohn] M[axwell] Stone to Robert Palk, Esq. 
 
 1769, June 27th. Fort St. George. — " A peace was in April 
 last concluded with the formidable Hyder : I wish I could say 
 that we had compelled him to it. The particulars of all publick 
 affairs you will no doubt have from Mr. Bourchier, whose 
 situation for this long time past has been truly to be pitied. 
 Vexations and disappointments seem to have been his constant 
 attendants, though I am convinced no man could deserve them 
 less if a truly good heart and an earnest desire to promote the 
 Company's interest could keep him free from them. 
 
 " Your nephew Tom has been in some doubt whether to 
 continue in the military or accept of the civil service. Indeed 
 I was not surprized at it, as he seems to have a turn for a soldier's 
 life, and during the last campaign, which has been a very severe 
 one, has acquired his share of honor and the esteem of every 
 officer in the army. He has, however, at last determined on 
 the civil, and this day signed his covenants, though not without 
 some reluctance. 
 
 "J. M. Stone." 
 
 " P.S. — You will no doubt have heard of the death of our 
 poor friend Griffiths. Mr. Thomas'^' and I have the management 
 of his affairs, which, with your kind assistance to him, will I 
 hope turn out a sufficient provision for his children . . . We 
 expect one of them may arrive in India this season . . ." 
 
 [Holograph, 3 jjp., flscp.] 
 
 [No. 76.] 
 Nic[holas] Morse to Robert Palk, Esq. 
 
 1769, June 28th. Fort St. George. — Mr. Bourchier has 
 decided to leave India next January, and I think it will be well 
 if Mr. Call accompanies him. " The times at home and abroad 
 are far from giving that satisfaction persons here have long 
 wanted." Your nephew has signed covenants as a Writer. 
 
 " Nic. Morse." 
 
 [Holograph, 1 2^., 4to.] 
 
 [No. 77.] 
 
 Rama Kisna to Robert Palk, Esq. 
 
 1769, June 28th. Fort St. George. — " I heard Mr. Hastings 
 comes out this year for this place to succeed Mr. Dupre in the 
 Government.*-) I beg you will recommend me to his protection 
 if I have any business, which is very necessary on account of 
 my village, which you was so kind as to obtain from the Nabob 
 for the use of my Charity Choultry at Chccrecoad, to this time 
 by Mr. Bourchicr's favor going on without any interruption . . . 
 
 'D The Rev. John Thomas, Chaplain at Fort St. George. 
 
 (2) As Second Member of Council when Du Pr^ becomes Governor. 
 
105 [No. 77. 
 
 " Your old friend Mooperala Kistnaia's son begs leave to 
 present his humble respects to you and your family." 
 
 "Rama Kisna." 
 [Holograph, 1^ p., flscp.] 
 
 [No. 78.] 
 Ch[arle]s Bourchier to Robert Palk, Esq. 
 
 1769, June 29th. Fort St. George. " I am infinitely obliged 
 to you, my dear friend, for many of your most acceptable 
 favors, and for so warmly espousing my cause with the Court of 
 Directors. They did me but justice in believing . . . that I 
 was doing my best for them, as I can with truth say my sole 
 view in continuing the warr was the interest and welfare of the 
 Company ; and as the reducing the power of Hyder Alice was 
 a measure strongly recommended by Lord Clive for the security 
 of the Company's possessions in the Carnateck as well as the 
 Nabob's dominions — a measure also repeatedly urged by the 
 present Committee in Bengal, and which in my own judgment 
 and of my colleagues here [was] of essential consequence to 
 the Company's prosperity — I cannot help being vexed that 
 they should think me and some others so culpable in adopting 
 it when there was the greatest probability of carrying our point. 
 I cannot however be surprized that they should be so much 
 out of humor ; for accountable as they are now become to 
 Parliament for all transactions, to avoid any reproach they 
 may apprehend, they no doubt will load us with censure ; and 
 should we escape it this year we shall inevitably be dismissed 
 the next when they are acquainted how much the scene has 
 changed since the Egmont left us, and with the distressful 
 situation the Carnateck, the Nabob's and the Company's affairs 
 have been reduced to by the continuance of the warr. I ha^^e 
 therefore determined to leave India next January at all events, 
 and hope to be happy amongst you and the rest of my friends 
 in England towards the end of summer if the Directors will let 
 me be at peace there ; but as I have reason to believe an ill 
 starr presided at my birth, I have apprehensions that they will 
 give me some trouble after I am got home. 
 
 " We have at length happily put an end to the enormous 
 expences occasioned by the warr by concluding a peace with 
 Hyder, who, having led Colonel Smith a dance of near a month, 
 had the address, after drawing him as farr as Villaporum, to 
 slip by him, and making a march of no less than 45 miles the 
 first day, got so much ahead of our army that he reached the 
 Mount three days before they got the length of Vendaloor. 
 On his arrival there he wrote to me that he was come so near 
 to make peace with us himself. In the* extremities we were 
 reduced to we gladly embraced the opportunity of opening the 
 Conference again ; for the country being entirely at his mercy ; 
 our army being incapable of protecting it or bringing him to a 
 
No. 78.] 106 
 
 decisive action, and daily diminishing by sickness and fatigue ; 
 the promised succors of horse by the Nabob and Mora Row <^' 
 not arrived, nor hkely to be for some months, and our distress 
 for money great ; our whole dependance being on the Nabob, 
 who though he promised largely we had doubts of his performing ; 
 and it being also the Company's positive orders to make peace, 
 we were under the necessity of doing it almost at all events. 
 I will not trouble you with a detail of all that passed on the 
 occasion, though I have been very particular therein to both 
 Mr. Rous(2) and Mr. Sulivan, and probably you may know from 
 the latter ... I hope therefore you will be satisfied by my telling 
 you that after five days spent in the most tiresome and vexatious 
 discussions with the Vackeels that were sent in after Mr. Du 
 Pre had been with Hyder one whole day at the Mount, the 
 articles were settled of. which you have a copy inclosed.*^' 
 Besides which, the Nabob was obliged to submit to consent 
 that all of the Novoyt cast <*' who were in the Carnateck should 
 be permitted to leave it if such was their choice. As this article 
 the Nabob thought affected his honor, it was agreed to be left 
 out of the written treaty." 
 
 We also agreed, after the treaty was signed, to give up to 
 Hyder some stores at Colar, as we understood from Captain 
 Kelly, <^> who commanded there, that the place could not hold 
 out beyond the 10th April. As a fact, it held out until the 
 treaty was signed, and we are therefore holding an inquiry 
 into Captain Kelly's conduct. 
 
 " As you are well acquainted with the Nabob's rooted 
 antipathy to Hyder, and how ambitious he is, you will not be 
 surprized that he should be so very averse to our making the 
 peace as he has expressed himself on several occasions. It is, 
 however, very extraordinary that these foibles should so much 
 get the better of his reason as to blind him to his own interest 
 in the highest degree. He saw our united efforts could not 
 prevent the daily ravages of his enemy, and that every hour 
 we delayed coming to an accommodation subjected him and 
 his wretched subjects to the severest losses without the least 
 glimpse of hope that we could find any other means of preventing 
 it than by concluding a peace ; yet he wished it could have 
 been avoided ; would not consent to have his name inserted 
 
 (1> Morari Rao. Vide No. 19, p. 33, note 4, 
 
 (-) Thomas Rous, a Director from 1745 to 1771, who had been several times 
 Chairman. 
 
 (3) Not found. 
 
 (•i) Novoyt, Narai/nt, a new-comer, from Skt. nava, new, implies a Muhammadan 
 of mixed descent. The descendants and adiierents of tlie former Carnatic dynasty, 
 which ended with Nawab Safdar Ah in 1744, were commonly known as Navayats. 
 Some of these adlierents, hke the family of Chanda Saliib, had been detained by 
 Muhammad Ali, and llaidar, wliose mother was a Navayat, insisted on tlieir being 
 granted permission to leave the Carnatic. 
 
 (5' Robert Kelly entered the Madras Infantry in 1760, and became Captain in 
 1765. He acted as Chief Engineer at the siege of Mah(5 in 1779, and commanded 
 a brigade under Fullarton in 1783. Colonel Kelly died at Arnee in 1790 when in 
 command of the Centre Armv. 
 
107 [No. 78. 
 
 as a contracting Power ; and, though he promised to authorize 
 us to act for him in making peace for the Carnateck by a letter, 
 we have never yet been able to obtain such an authority from 
 him. Pie has indeed been so very refractory lately that I have 
 at times had inhnitc trouble with him, and I am very suspicious 
 he has somebody he places a confidence in that puts false 
 notions into his head, which induce him to act so very differently 
 to what seemed to be his former disposition ; and who knows 
 it may be the author of the curious pamphlet wherein you and 
 I and Call are extolled for being such excellent cooks. 
 
 " The apprehension that the Company will in time take his 
 country into their hands (as has been done in Bengal) to clear 
 off their debt, now no less than 12i lacks of pagodas, besides 
 the expenses of the warr amounting to 1-lh lacs more (a sum you 
 will be amazed at, and which I fear I shall be hanged for : 
 however, so it is, and I must abide by the consequences) alarms 
 him beyond measure and throws him into the utmost despair. 
 He is nevertheless meditating at times the means to clear off 
 his debt to the Company, and promises to effect it in three 
 years if peace subsists so long. Indeed I suspect he must have 
 a hoard somewhere, as the Company and individuals assisted 
 largely soinetimes towards defraying his expenses, during 
 which interval the revenues of the country were collected by 
 him ; and this I am the readier induced to believe from his 
 having at times talked of discharging his debt in even 18 months. 
 Possibly if the Company propose any measures that may be 
 dissatisfactory to him and that may increase the suspicions 
 he has already entertained, he may exert himself and pay off 
 what he owes them. With respect to the charges of the Avarr, 
 notwithstanding he made an agreement with us, which is entered 
 in Consultation, to bear them all, provided we left the manage- 
 ment of the conquered countrys to him and the produce at the 
 time they were so, with all the plunder taken, he now disputes 
 the matter and says his agreement was conditional that we 
 took Seringapatam ; than which nothing is more untrue. We 
 have left this circumstance to the Company's determination ; 
 and as they had an interest in the warr, which was begun in 
 consequence of our possessing the Circars, they ought in reason 
 [to] take to themselves some portion of the charge of it ; and 
 I think that ought to be at least one third, as the value of their 
 possessions bears about that proportion to the amount of the 
 Nabob's . . . 
 
 " Hastings's superceding Call is a mortifying circumstance. 
 Call, however, will go home as soon as he possibly can settle 
 his affairs, but I iDclieve he will not do so before me . . . 
 
 " I wrote you in duplicate by the Dutton, which my friend 
 Carter carried, to put one packet on board any ship he might 
 meet with in the voyage. I therein gave you a full account of 
 Calland's malevolent intentions. What you mention of the 
 letter vou received from him and his declarations therein 
 
No.'^TS.] 108 
 
 confirm my suggestions. I hope, agreable to what I proposed 
 to you, that you have found means to prevent his executing his 
 vile purpose ; for in the humor the Directors seem to be at 
 present a hint only from him will be sufficient to awaken all 
 their suspicions, which may occasion such orders as will affect 
 numbers both at home and abroad. Nothing has been done 
 here yet relative to the enquiry ordered last year, as Ruccun 
 ud Dowlah, the Souba's minister, who had the principal hand 
 in concluding the Hydrobad Treaty,*^) has been absent ; but as 
 he is soon to return there, he will be applied to on the subject. 
 I shrewdly suspect from advices I have seen that further 
 scrutinies will be ordered this year from home, and I wish I 
 may not have trouble thereby. 
 
 " Rajahpundit*-' is an infamous rascall, and so much involved 
 in debt to the Nabob as well as others that he is now under 
 confinement with the Nabob on that account. I have talked 
 with Moodoo Kistnah and communicated what you desired of 
 me to Goodlad : by the next dispatch I shall let you know what 
 has been resolved on ; hitherto nothing, as there has been little 
 opportunity for it. 
 
 " It has been with some difficulty your nephew Tom has been 
 prevailed on to lay down the sword. He has been an Ensign 
 some time, and [the] being reduced from 17 pagodas to P. 8 23/. 
 per month was a powerful argument against relinquishing it. 
 He promised to make a good officer, being fond of his profession, 
 but is convinced that his future prospects of advantage are 
 more extensive in the civil than the militarv. He is a sedate, 
 sensible youth, and much regarded in the corps he belonged to. 
 Could he be assisted a few years with the addition of 10 pagodas 
 per month to his writer's stipend, it would be very acceptable, 
 and little enough to keep him out of debt, as you know . . . 
 
 " By the way of China [I] shall find means to make 
 remittances to you my attorneys of at least £30,000 on account 
 of myself and Jim ; '■^' and by the end of next year shall have 
 in England, I hope, with what is already in your hands, about 
 £60,000, the mode of remittance being already secured. How 
 much more we are possessed of I am yet uncertain, but I shall 
 set tight to work as soon as the Thames is sailed to settle all 
 my accounts and dispose of outstanding concerns . . . 
 
 " I tha!ik you for the house you have purchased for me, 
 which according to Mrs. B.'s description of it must be a very 
 excellent one. I wish the price may be not too great for my 
 fortune ; but if it should appear to be so, I imagine I can always 
 have it in my power to dispose of it without much loss. 
 
 " Besides the vexation our late troublesome situation gave 
 me, we have had further cause for it from the refractory 
 behavior of a Grand Jury, who treated us so contemptuously 
 
 (1) The Treaty of 1768 relating to the Ch-cars. 
 
 »2) Elsewhere called Royala Piint. Cf. No. 70, /-. !I7. 
 
 li^) James Bourchier. 
 
109 [No. 78. 
 
 on the Bench that we were at lengtli put to the disagreable 
 necessity of ordering three of thcni, 13enfield,<i' Majendie and 
 Marsden,*-' to prison because^they refused to enter into a 
 recognizance to appear and answer for their misconduct before 
 the King's Bench . . . but whicli they were released from on 
 signing the recognizance. They threaten us with great damages, 
 whicli has occasioned us to be very particular in an address to 
 the Court of Directors on the occasion ; and I am so much 
 persuaded we have done no more than we can answer for that 
 I am perfectly easy on the occasion. However, I shall be glad 
 if you will make some enquiry into the matter at the India 
 House, and write me a line to meet me at St. Helena in what 
 light the matter is taken at home, as well as any other intelligence 
 that materially concerns me . . . 
 
 " Crs- Bourchier." 
 {Holograph, 13| pp., Mo.] 
 
 [No. 79.] 
 
 W[illiam] M[artin] Goodlad to Robert Palk, Esq. 
 
 1769, June 30th. Fort St. George. — " You will learn from 
 other hands in what manner our war with Hyder has ended. 
 Who ever thought that the intended conquerors of the Mysore 
 country would be reduced to make peace at the gates of their 
 own capital ! 0[h,] my dear friend, how greatly is the face of 
 affairs altered since you left us ; instead of a flourishing 
 Investment and full treasury we can scarcely maintain our 
 troops, and are over head and ears in debt. Mr. Bourchier's 
 Government has been truely unfortunate from the beginning : 
 it has not been attended with one favorable circumstance, and 
 he is indeed most heartily sick of it. The Coast and Bay ships 
 threaten us with a chaubuke.''^' He is quite prepared for it, 
 and seems fully to expect to return a private gentleman. In 
 good truth I am most heartily sorry for him, and I know so 
 
 (1) Paul Benfield was appointed by the Court of Directors to be Civil Architect 
 and Engineer at Madras, where he arrived in 176-1. He was employed under Call 
 on the new works at Fort St. George with the rank of Lieutenant, though he was 
 borne on the list of civil servants. In 1769 he resigned his post of Engineer to 
 become contractor for the fortifications of Black Town. This work, which involved 
 the construction of 3 J miles of rampart, was practically finished in 1770. In that 
 year Benfield was dismissed the service for factious behaviour. Though readmitted, 
 lie was guilty of disobedience in 1772, and was suspended. Benfield next contracted 
 for the new works at Fort St. George, and was engaged on theni until 1776. He 
 lent large sums of money to the Nawal), secured on assignments of the revenues 
 of Tanjore. On the rendition of Tanjore to the Raja by Lord Pigot in 1776 Benfield 
 advanced claims, which produced dissensions in Council and led to the arrest of 
 the Governor. Benfield was suspended by the Directors and recalled to England, 
 but he was eventually restored to the service. In 1781 he was appointed a naember 
 of the Committee of Assigned Revenue. He finally left India in 1788, lost his 
 fortune by speculation, and died in Paris in 1810. 
 
 (2) Thomas Marsden entered the service as Ensign in 1767. Two years later, as 
 Lieutenant and Sub-Engineer, he was engaged on a survey and valuation of Black 
 Town for purposes of assessment of a fortification tax. He died at Tripassore 
 in 1771. 
 
 (3) Chnuhuke, a castigation from the Directors by the next ships ; from Hind, 
 chabuk, a whip. 
 
No. 79.] 110 
 
 well how anxious he has ever been to act for the best that he 
 is still more to be pitied. If the changes we expect should take 
 place, it will be almost sufficient to deter any one from wishing 
 to become a man of power in these parts, and yet I confess my 
 thoughts turn very much that way. That said pinacle has 
 certainly many charms, and it is doubtless attended with its 
 uneasinesses ; but, take it all in all, it is a desirable station. It is 
 what I do and will aspire to, and what I hope one time or other 
 to attain ; but pray tell me, how am I to accomplish it ? . . . 
 
 " I am apt to think from the conduct of the French that we 
 shall not long continue at peace. Pondicherry is fortifying 
 with all diligence, and 'tis said considerable forces are expected 
 out this year. At Chandernagore too they would fain make 
 themselves secure, and under pretence of a drain have dug 
 a noble ditch fifty feet wide and twenty feet deep, and the earth 
 being thrown towards the town forms an excellent fortification. 
 But this, I trust, is demolishing by this time, for if they will not 
 do it themselves, our Gentlemen at Calcutta are determined 
 to do it for them. 
 
 " Every thing is quiet in Bengal. You must remember what 
 an enmity subsisted between the King and Soujah ul Dowlah. 
 They are now to all appearance perfectly reconciled, and after 
 paying each other a visit, Soujah has undertaken to place his 
 Majesty on the throne of Delly. They are now at Illahabad, 
 but a circumstance has lately happened which it is thought may 
 delay, if not entirely put off, his Majesty's journey : — Soujah 
 had laid a plan for the assassination of Munire ud dowlah,*^' 
 the King's old and greatest favorite. A faithful Coffree'^* 
 saved his life by receiving the blow, which cost him his arm, 
 and 'tis thought this may open his Majesty's eyes. 
 
 " Our friend Mr. B. showed me that part of a letter from you 
 relative to Rajah Pundat, and we shall soon take that matter 
 into consideration. However, he is so much indebted to the 
 Nabob for the countries he rented, to the Company and to 
 individuals, that a compromise would be of little service to his 
 creditors. 
 
 " Your nephew Tom has executed his covenants as Writer, 
 a good deal against his inclination, I assure you, for he seems 
 greatly to prefer a military life : however, I hope to make a 
 good Company's servant of him . . . Lewin Smith and Mrs. 
 Mackay'^) leave us by this ship, and are just gone over the surf. 
 The Bourchiers, Call and Ardley*'** will get away as soon as 
 they can. Miss Mulkirke is married to Captain Bruce. Barker 
 and Raitt*'"' died lately. . . 
 
 "W M. GOODLAD." 
 
 [Holograph, 4 pp., 4^0.] 
 
 (1) Munir-ud-daula was Naib Vizier in 1707. 
 
 (2) Coffrce, a negro, from Ar. Lilfir, infidel. 
 
 (3) Sarah Mackay, nde Stratton, wife of George Mackay, junior Member of Council, 
 
 (4) Samuel Ardley. Vide]No. 52, p. 78, note 2. 
 
 (5) Thomas Raitt was a civil servant of 176.3, 
 
Ill 
 
 [No. 80.] 
 Ab[raha]m de Paiba to Robert Palk, Esq. 
 
 1769, November 3rd. London. — I have been unable to see 
 you lately to tell you about business done. I sold your diamonds 
 last month to Messrs. Gumperts & Hymans at 7s. 9d. per pago- 
 da, excepting the large stones, which will be disposed of later, 
 and have paid in at Lee & Ayton's £4,100 in Bills of Exchange. 
 
 " Ab^i- de Paiba." 
 
 [Holograph, 1 p., 4/o.] 
 
 [No. 81.] 
 Robert Palk to [William Martin Goodlad.] 
 
 1769, November 5th. London. Received 1st May, 1770. 
 — " My Dear Billy, Your letter of the 11th March* ^> recording 
 the unhappy state of affairs on the Coast gives me the most 
 sensible concern and uneasiness. We have gone on from 
 victory to victory without reflecting how the whole was to be 
 preserved and governed, and what fatal consequences a reverse 
 must have involved us in. When Nizam Aly settled with 
 Hvder, certainlv we should have done the same. We should 
 then have given all India a strong impression of our power, 
 and probably have secured the Carnateck from future invasions. 
 As it is, I dread and am very anxious for the next accounts. 
 
 " Your kindness to Mr. Helling as well as my nephew has 
 been very great. The latter I should rather have continued 
 in the military, but his mother, reflecting on the loss of so many 
 of his countrymen, will not hear of it ; and so I suppose he 
 brings up the rear of the Writers, a piece of revenge in Direction 
 which I did not deserve, and owing to those perpetual struggles 
 at the India House, where the parties have for some years 
 been violent to the last degree. At Mr. Vansittart's departure'^) 
 a Coalition had taken place, which lasted only a few days, but 
 I still hope it may be renewed ; though I know little of the 
 matter, being just arrived from a six weeks' tour into Devonshire. 
 
 " On Bourchier and Call's coming away I have desired that 
 Wynch and you may succeed them as my attorneys. I have 
 another copy of the letter from Rajah Pundit, and hope that 
 long ere now a proper gratuity has been made him, as I had 
 rather be at any expence than that any man should say I had 
 done him any injustice. 
 
 " Great preparations I find are making to send you every 
 assistance. I am sorry the loss of so many officers makes a 
 reinforcement of them necessary . . . The General and Mrs. 
 Palk remember vou must cordiallv. I am ever, mv dear friend, 
 most affectionately yours, 
 
 "RoBT. Palk." 
 
 [Holograph, 2 pp., Uo.] 
 
 (1) No. 69, p. 94, 
 
 (2) Henry Vansittart sailed for India in the Aurora in September, 1769. 
 
112 
 
 [No. 82.] 
 
 General Sir R[ober]t Barker'^' to R[obert] Palk, 
 
 Esq. 
 
 1769, November 19th. Calcutta. — " Sir, I have had the 
 pleasure to receive your letters of the 21st and 28th of February, 
 1768, which were delivered me by Messrs. Everet and Fitzgerald. 
 Both these gentlemen are in the Artillery Corps, and are inuch 
 esteemed by their commanding officers. I have as yet had no 
 opportunity of doing them any service. 
 
 " I hope you and Mrs. Palk have enjoyed a good state of 
 health since your return from India. I beg my compliments 
 may be acceptable to her, and am. Sir, with regard, your very 
 obedient humble servant, 
 
 " Rt. Barker." 
 
 [Holograph, 1 p., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 83.] 
 George Vansittart to Robert Palk, Esq. 
 
 1769, December 3rd. Calcutta.—" Dear Palk, The Grafton 
 brought me a short letter from you without date, but written 
 I imagine in March, and we have since received news overland 
 of my brother's and Mr. Sulivan's success at the April election. 
 On many accounts I rejoice much at this event, but particularly 
 from the hope that his directorship will pave the way for his 
 return to the government of Bengal . . ." 
 
 My family has lately been increased by the birth of a second 
 boy, who has been named Edward. We return to-day to 
 Midnapore. I have your letter appointing your nephew'^' to 
 be your attorney jointly with me. " The partnership which 
 I have entered into with Darell and Hollond puts it out of my 
 power to act separately from them. Vansittart, Darell & 
 Hollond must therefore represent me as one of your attornies 
 and your nephew as the other. 
 
 (1) Robert Barker came to India about 1749. In August 1753, when a lieutenant 
 of Madras Artillery, he was employed as an Engineer at the request of Colonel 
 Caroline Scott, tlie Engineer-General. Barker's fine draughtsmanship is attested 
 by a plan of Port St. George executed by him in October, 1753, which is preserved 
 in the King's Library of the Britisli Museum. In 175(1 Captain Barker conunanded 
 the Artillery with Clive's expedition to Bengal, and served at the battle of Plassey. 
 As Major he accompanied Draper's force to Manila in the same capacity, and was 
 knighted in England for his services. Returiiiug to India, Colonel Sir Robert 
 Barker was posted to Bengal, where he commanded one of the three brigades of 
 the army, and in 1770 he became })rovincial Commander-in-Chief. He had great 
 influence with the Nawab Vizier of Oudh, and in his interest negotiated in 1772 the 
 Treaty of Fyzabad with the Rohillas against the Marattas. Disapproving of 
 Hastings's army reforms. General Barker resigned the service and went home in 
 1771. He entered Parliament, was created a baronet in 1781, and died in 1789, 
 
 f2) Robert Palk, jun. 
 
113 [Xo. 83. 
 
 " General Smith '^' is going home npon this ship (the 
 Hampshire). Mr. Verclst*-) will follow in a few days upon the 
 Lioness. The General has picked np a very large fortune, and 
 as he has abilities and application, and seems disposed to busy 
 himself in India matters, will probably have a good deal of 
 weight when he gets to England. Harry and he w'ere connected 
 formerly : I hope they will be able to agree. 
 
 " I am appointed Supervisor of Dinagepore, but I am not to 
 go there till the end of February . . . My Residency of Midnapore 
 is to remain in my possession ..." 
 
 [Holograph, 3. pp., flscp.] " George Vansittart." 
 
 [No. 84.] 
 Robert Palk, jun,, to Robert Palk, Esq. 
 
 1769, December 22nd. Calcutta. — Dear Sir, I enclose bills 
 drawn on Mr. Pybus for £540 on account of the estate of Captain 
 John Adams, which please pay to Mrs. Eleanor Adams. <-^' I 
 send two parcels of Soucey and Cossimbazar handkerchiefs, one 
 for my father,'*' to be forwarded to Yolland Hill, and the other 
 for Mr. Call. If you would like a pipe or two of wine, " I can 
 purchase very good madeira, brought here in '66 by Captain 
 Thomas Rous,'^) for 380 Arcot Rupees ... 
 
 " I have nothing to mention regarding my own situation 
 but that I am living in Calcutta at a great expence, unemployed 
 and in great anxiety to hear the determination of the Court of 
 Directors. I hope for success now that Mr. Van, Mr. Sulivan, 
 &c., are in the Direction." 
 
 Since I have been in Calcutta I have been treated with much 
 kindness by Mr. Floyer.'^' I now stand 24tli on the list, and 
 there are only four servants between George Vansittart and 
 myself. 
 
 " Robert Palk." 
 
 " P.S. — 24th December. The Governor'"' comes to town 
 to-day to resign his government to Mr. Cartier, although he is not 
 certain that he will be able to go before the end of the month." 
 
 [Holograph, 2| pp., flscp.] 
 
 (1) Richard Smith was a lieutenant on the Madras Establishment from 1753. 
 As captain in 1758 he commanded at Chingleput and in 1760 at Trichinopoly, 
 whence he attacked and seized Karur. In 1761 he resigned and sailed for England, 
 and three years later was appointed by the Directors to Bengal. In 1767 Colonel 
 Smith assumed command of the Bengal Army. He retired at the end of 1769 as 
 Brigadier General. He married at Madras in 1756 Amelia, daughter of Charles 
 Hopkins, sometime Chief at Devikota. 
 
 (2) Vide No. 54, p. SO, note 8. 
 
 (3) Cf. No. 211. p. 220. 
 
 W Walter Palk, of Yolland HiU, Ashburton. 
 
 '») Thomas Bates Rous commanded the Britannia on her voyage to Bengal in 
 1766. He was a Director of the East India Company from 1773 to 1770. 
 
 (6) Charles Floyer, jun., entered the Madras civil service in 1755, and in 1767 
 was transferred to Bengal as Tenth of Council. After a visit to England in 1772 
 he reverted to Madras. He took an active part in the sul)Vcrsion of Lord Pigot's 
 government in 1776, and was recalled to England. In 1782 he was serving in 
 Guntur. 
 
 (7) H. Verelst. 
 
 H 
 
114 
 
 [No. 85.] 
 1769, N.D. 
 
 " Estimate 
 of the Expences of the Military Establishment on the Coast of 
 
 Choromandel in 1769. 
 3 regiments of infantry 
 1 battalion of artillery, 5 companys 
 
 1 troop of cavalry ( Pags. 6,99,307 or 
 19 battalions of seapoys and 7 [ Rs. 24,47,921. 
 
 independent companys 
 Lascars in all the garrisons 
 Of which the Nabob to be charged with 
 10 Carnatic battalions of seapoys 
 
 2 independent companies of seapoys , 
 and a proportion of the lascars in the \ [Pags ] 2,50,000 
 several garrisons, all which will amount 
 to about 
 
 The Company's annual charge, about Pag^- 4,49,307. 
 [On the reverse] 
 
 " The Nabob's Agreement to pay in discharge of his debt, asfolloivs : 
 
 In ready money by the 20th January, 1770 Pags 5,00,000 
 
 In money or f by ultimo June, 1770 do. 8,00,000 
 
 Soucars'(i) securitv ■< by ultimo April, 1771 do. 10,00,000 
 
 [by ultimo June, 1771 do. 2,00,000 
 
 Pags 25,00,000 
 
 [Unsigned, Ij i?., Mo.] 
 
 [No. 86.] 
 Lieutenant Thomas Palk to Robert Palk, Esq. 
 
 1770, January 12th. Condapillee. — " Honoured Sir, ... I 
 expected my brother*-' out the last season from what my mother 
 acquainted me in her last letter, and the accounts I heard from 
 cousin Thomas at Madrass. The latter informed me there was 
 one of our name coming out on one of the ships. But I was 
 agreeably disappointed, for I think he was then rather too 
 young to set out in the world . . . But even though he had come 
 out the last year in a military capacity, he would not have yet 
 been an officer, for out of the 50 or 60 cadetts that arrived the 
 last season there are not more than 6 or 8 have got com- 
 missions ... I am still a lieutenant, and expect to continue so 
 for some time, as there is now between me and a company 
 sixteen . . . 
 
 " Colonel Wood,'^' Captains Kelly'^' and Orton'^' were tryed 
 
 (1) Vide No 20, p. 35, note 1. 
 
 (2) John Palk. 
 
 (3) Vide No. 55, p. 82, note 2. 
 
 (4) Vide No. 78. p. 100, note 5. 
 
 (») Captain liodorick Orton, when in command of the fort of Erode in December, 
 1708, was summoned hy Ilaidar to surrender. He went out under a safe conduct 
 to arrange terms, and was constrained by Haidar to sign an order to the garrison 
 to capitulate. He was tried by court martial in 1709 and cashiered. 
 
115 [No. 86. 
 
 lately at Madrass by a court martial for sonic misconduct tliey 
 were guilty of during the late war with Hyder Ally. The former 
 was, I hear, charged with eight crimes. The sentence of the 
 court is not yet made publick in general orders . . . Most of the 
 3rd Regiment has been stationed at Ellore ever since peace was 
 concluded, under the command of Lieut. Colonel Tod. He 
 will not remain there long it's thought, as Colonel Hart is 
 expected there very soon . . . 
 
 " About 5 months since I was ordered from Ellore with 4 
 companies of Captain Madge's battalion to the command of 
 this garrison . . . Captain Madge at the same time marched 
 with the remaining six companies and relieved Captain 
 Bellingham from the command of Samalcottah." The latter 
 goes to command the Chicaeole Circar. 
 
 I have not been able to ascertain what effects were left by 
 Mr. Mould, who " was drowned from on board a vessell in 
 Madrass roads." Mr. Bourchier resigns the chair to Mr. Du 
 Pre about the end of this month. When my brother arrives 
 I shall ask Mr. Call to get him appointed to the 3rd Regiment, 
 now in the Circars. " Captain Madge . . . will inform you 
 this season of young Mr. Smerdon's elopement from Madrass. 
 He took a journey there about six months since on purpose to 
 endeavour to get him home on some of the last ships, but he 
 went off before his arrival there, and has not since been heard 
 of I believe . . . 
 
 " Cousins Robert and Thomas are both very well. I keep a 
 constant correspondence with them, and heard from each of 
 them very lately. The latter informs me he has an intention 
 of paying his brother'^' a vissit this year with the two Mr. Stone- 
 houses. . . . Be pleased to remember me most affectionately 
 to Mrs. Palk, and to Mr. Palk's'-' family at Ashburton . , . 
 
 " Thomas Palk." 
 
 [Holograph, 3| pp., flscp.] 
 
 [No. 87.] 
 
 Robert Palk to [his Attorneys at Madras.] 
 
 1770, January 23rd. Spring Gardens. — " Gentlemen, The 
 sudden departure of the bearer, Mr. Snelling,''^' only gives me 
 time to say that I have received on his account £40, wdiich I 
 desire may be paid to Mr. Goodlad, and that he will advance 
 him from time to time as occasion may require ; and if any 
 more should be wanted before he gets a commission, I desire 
 he may be supplied moderately. I must request also that Mr. 
 Goodlad will speak to Mr. Du Pre and Mr. Hastings to send him 
 to one of the out-garrisons under a good officer who will have 
 
 (1) Robert Palk, jun. 
 
 (2) Walter Palk. 
 
 (3) A cadot. 
 
No. 87.] 116 
 
 an eye to his conduct, and that my nephew Tom will take care 
 of him during his stay at the Presidency . . . 
 
 " RoBT. Palk." 
 [Holograph, 1 p., Mo.] 
 
 [No. 88.] 
 Warren Hastings to Robert Palk, Esq. 
 
 1770, January 29th. Fort St. George. — " Dear Sir, I have 
 received your favor of the 23rd June by the Lapwing, and am 
 much obliged to you for your good wishes. A part of these is 
 happily accomplished. All wars are at an end, and if there is 
 not the fairest prospect of the continuance of peace, there is a 
 very hearty inclination to it and a determination to maintain 
 it if possible on our side, which is the best security for it. Our 
 people are yet sore of their late ill success, and are all more 
 anxious to secure the Company's property than to extend their 
 dominion or retrieve the reputation of their arms. There is 
 certainly some defect, whether in our civil or military system 
 I will not say, which ought to be removed before we engage 
 in new wars, as I do not find that either Hyder Alice's abilities 
 are of the first kjjid, or his horse equal to those of Shuja Dowla ; 
 and I believe we have been successful against as powerful 
 enemies, and with less than a fifth part of our present strength. 
 
 " A reformation in this point I shall hope for from the abilities 
 and experience of our friend* i' and his assistants. To explain 
 the intimation in the beginning of my letter that we had not 
 the fairest prospect of peace, I must add that we have been 
 alarmed for some time past by formidable preparations made 
 by all our neighbours, which have begun to shew their 
 object by hostilities between Mahadebrow*^* and Hyder Alice. 
 Negociations have been formed between them, and seem likely 
 to take place by the payment of a sum to the former for the 
 chout,<^' and a further aid, it is said, for an expedition against 
 the Payengaut,'*' As the harvest, which has been very plentiful, 
 is almost gathered, I hope we shall be provided both with grain 
 and money to prevent the effects of their ravages if the Marattas . 
 should make us a visit. 
 
 " It gave me an unspeakable pleasure to hear of the new 
 commission granted to Mr. Van, and to find such a man as 
 Colonel Forde<^' joined with him. I cannot say I was so well 
 pleased to see Scrafton's*^' name with theirs, but a further 
 reflexion has reconciled me to it. All parties will be better 
 pleased with the measures taken by the Connuissioners than if 
 
 (1) Mr. Du Pr^. 
 
 (2) Madhu Rao, the Peshwa. 
 
 (3) Vide No. 19, /). 33, note 1. 
 
 (4) Vide No. 19, /(. 34, nolo 1. 
 
 (5) Colonel Francis Forde, who defeated the French in the Circars in 1758-59 
 and took Masulipatam. 
 
 (CI Luke Scrafton had preceded Hastings as Resident at Murshidabad. 
 
117 [No.fSS. 
 
 Mr. Van alone, or joined only with his friends, had formed 
 them ; and Scrafton is neither illnatured nor hard to manage 
 when he has no troublesome people about him. Forde will, if 
 I mistake not, have a great ascendant over him. He is a 
 reasonable and steady man, and Mr. Van, from his superior 
 abilities and knowledge of the methodical part of business, in 
 which I believe the others are deficient, will certainly take the 
 lead in every tjiing. I suppose the Commission will last during 
 the period of Cartier's government, and our friend return to 
 his former station. I know no other recompense the Company 
 can make him for his trouble and the odium which the execution 
 of such a trust will unavoidably draw on him. Bengal certainly 
 requires such a ruler. The Company's affairs there have been 
 declining very fast, and for their sake more than that of this 
 Presidency, which stands in great need of such a reforming 
 power also, I am most heartily glad the Company have adopted 
 so wise a plan, the wisest they ever thought of. 
 
 " Young Griffiths*^) has always behaved very well. He is 
 goodnatured and willing, and his parts such as will mend. He 
 lives with me, and I have put him under Goodlad in the 
 Secretary's office. I hope you will have interest enough to 
 obtain his appointment upon the covenanted list, as I fear 
 there will be strong objections to a public recommendation 
 of him from hence. I had Mr. Bolton's*^* promise, voluntarily 
 given, for his appointment if he behaved well. He is now 15 
 years of age. 
 
 " I have lived almost in the Council Chamber since my 
 arrival. I cannot boast of having done much in it, as our 
 attention has been mostly taken up in clearing away the dirt 
 of the late war. It seems to be the fate of the age we live in 
 that all public acts shall be personal ; and it has been my hard 
 lot to arrive at a time when the whole Settlement was ready to 
 take fire at every measure of the Government, partly from past 
 discontents and partly from present interest. Among other 
 disagreable things, the Board were under the necessity of 
 bringing Colonel Wood to a court martial, of disapproving the 
 sentence by which he was acquitted, and of dismissing him from 
 the service. From the great opinion I have of Mr. Sulivan's 
 integrity, I am sure he will applaud the conduct of the Board 
 if he believes it to have been just, and be the first to confirm 
 their proceedings. But as it is possible to be prejudiced when 
 we think ourselves guided by motives of strict justice : as Colonel 
 Wood is a relation of Mr. Sulivan and will take more pains to 
 vindicate himself than others to convict him : and as the 
 proceedings of the court martial are so voluminous as to frighten 
 any man who sets a value on his time from an attempt to read 
 them, I hope, if he has any doubts of the propriety of Colonel 
 
 (1) Henry GrifiSths, son of the Rev. Charles Griffiths, deceased. 
 
 (2) Henry Crabb Boulton, a Director from 1753 to 1773, and three times 
 Chairman. 
 
No. 88.] 118 
 
 Wood's dismission, he will take the trouble to examine the facts 
 on which it was founded, and that you Avill have so much 
 influence with him as to persuade him to this. My regard for 
 his friendship, and my desire to see the authority of this Govern- 
 ment duely supported (and it much wants it) are my inducements 
 for mentioning this, though I believe it unnecessary. 
 
 " I beg you will present my compliments to Mrs. Palk and 
 the General, who with yourself have my sincere and hearty 
 wishes. I am, dear Sir, your obliged and affectionate humble 
 servant, 
 
 " Warren Hastings." 
 
 [P.S.] — " It is necessary to advise you that I secured bills 
 for the amount of my bond to Mr. Sumner, <i' which will go by 
 the March ship." 
 
 [Holograph, 6| pp., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 89.] 
 Tho[mas] Palk to Robert Palk, Esq. 
 
 1770, January 31st. Fort St. George. — " Honoured Sir, I 
 have now the pleasure to write you by the Britannia, Captain 
 Rous,<^> who is come down from Bengal to carry our present 
 Governour, his brother and Mr. Call home, all of whom I shall feel 
 much the loss of in many respects, particularly my good friend 
 Mr. Call, who has treated me like a friend, which is rare in this 
 country. I have lived with Mr. C. ever since I gave up the 
 sword . . . 
 
 " Since my taking up the pen I have through oeconomy 
 been applying to Mr. Bourchier, &c., to get me to a subordinate 
 [station], and not to stay in this luxurious place . . . but the 
 Governor told me it was your express desire that I should be 
 kept in the office for three years, which is a long while to slave 
 for a scanty eight pagodas a month . . . 
 
 " In consequence of Mr. B.'s departure they have made me 
 an allowance of twenty pagodas per month ... It has been 
 my whole study to live on the little I have, and likewise to be 
 as frugal as possible. It may perhaps, Sir, be made appear 
 to you that I have been extravagant, but my study has been 
 the contrary I assure you." With diffidence I venture to ask 
 you for a loan, on which I shall of course pay you the usual 
 interest. 
 
 " I have already began to merchandize. I do not know 
 whether it is through Mr. Call's recommendation or not ; I 
 believe not, as my brother wrote long since to me on the subject 
 of sending me consignments. I have accordingly received one 
 from him by the Britannia containing three bales of Radnagor 
 raw silk, which he says is a little for a beginning, so I expect 
 
 (1) William Brightwell Sumner, who had rf^tired from the Bengal civil service 
 about 17(i7. 
 
 2) Vide No. 84, p. 11:5, note 5. 
 
119 [No. 89. 
 
 more soon, and I intend to apply myself very strickly to 
 business. 
 
 " The coming out of the C'onnnissioners in the Aurora frigate 
 make[sj every body surprized it seems, as they will have it in 
 their power to turn out and take in as they please. I hope not. 
 If they do, it will be nuicli longer than I imagine before I eome 
 to be of any rank who are [sic] the youngest servant on this 
 Coast. Had you waited till the last election you might have 
 got me at least at the head of the list. However, a certainty is 
 better than an uncertainty. . . Your most dutiful and most 
 obedient nephew, 
 
 "Tho. Palk." 
 
 [Holograph, ^pp., flscp.] 
 
 u 
 
 t'[No. 90.] 
 Tho[mas] Palk to [Robert Palk. Esq.] 
 
 1770, February 5th. Fort St. George. — I send this by the 
 hand of Mr. Call. " You desired me in your letter by the Duke 
 of Grafton to give you some account of that wretch Smerdon. I 
 am sorry he should have come here under your recommendation. 
 He stayed here about a month after he arrived, and I believe 
 behaved tolerably well. He then went recommended to Captain 
 Madge and stayed with him about two months, which he spent 
 in drinking , . . &c., &c., what is disagreeable for me to mention 
 and much more so for you to peruse. Captain M. having tried 
 every means and way to make something of him and took an 
 immense deal of trouble, he was obliged to send him down here 
 
 to Mr. , I forgot his name ; he came a free merchant 
 
 recommended by you, who had promised to carry him to sea . .; 
 but instead of waiting on that gentleman he has absconded, and 
 no accounts have since been heard of him . . He squandered 
 away a great deal of money, which he has left for poor Madge 
 to pay, which I believe he will do on account of Mrs. Smerdon's 
 desire, who wrote him on the subject of lending him a little 
 money, and his coming very bare here ; but without ever signing 
 her name to the letter, so that he is in doubt whether he will 
 ever be paid ..." 
 
 If you grant the loan asked for in my last letter, I would 
 place the sum in the hands of my friend Mr. Morse, and be guided 
 by his advice. " Mr. M. begins to be tired of the world : he 
 is settling his affairs, and intends retiring into the country ; I 
 imagine to the Mount, as he is building a house there . 
 
 [Holograph, 3 jjp- flscp.] " Tho. Palk.' 
 
 55 
 
 [No. 91.] 
 
 W[illiam] Martin] Goodlad to Robert Palk, Esq. 
 
 1770, February 6th. Fort St. George. — "We are still in 
 peace, and I hope likely to continue so ; though as yet I think 
 it altogether doubtful whether we shall or not. Hyder and 
 
No. 91.] 120 
 
 the Marattas are at present disputing the superiority. Some 
 skirmishes only have hitherto happened, though a considerable 
 part of his country has been laid waste by them. Should 
 matters be compromised, I think it hardly to be doubted but 
 the latter will pay us a visit ; but their exorbitant demands 
 on Hyder give us some hopes that no accommodation will 
 take place. He has sent to demand our assistance in 
 consequence of the late treaty, and Vackeels from the other 
 party are shortly expected to arrive. If there is a possibility 
 of keeping the mid channel, we certainly shall ; at any rate 
 every species of delay must be used without coming to any 
 determination ; for it cannot be our interest to espouse the cause 
 of either, especially in our present situation as to cash. It is 
 a most difficult card to play. 
 
 " I am exceedingly pleased with the appointment of the 
 Commissioners on many accounts. Such extraordinary poMcrs 
 were absolutely necessary to regulate affairs in Bengal, where by 
 all accounts the expences, as well civil as military, but 
 particularly the latter, have grown to a most enormous degree. 
 The Commissioners, however, have undertaken one task which 
 I most heartily wish they may accomplish with honour — I mean 
 the regulation of our political system. It appears to me to be 
 attended with so many difficulties, and those of such a nature 
 that I much fear they will fail in the attempt. Can any plan 
 be fallen upon for so regulating the system that the three 
 Presidencies may co-operate ? I think not. 
 
 " Private letters inform us that restoring the Circars is to be 
 another object of the Commissioners' attention. This there 
 can be no difficulty in executing ; but why restore them ? The 
 argument, I suppose, is that by keeping them our force is too 
 much divided, and that in case of a rupture with the French 
 such division would expose the whole of our possessions. It has 
 weight, and for that reason our first principle, I think, should be 
 to abandon them in case of such a rupture : but why give up 
 at once a very considerable revenue (they will probably produce 
 this year more than 5 lacks of pagodas, besides Cicacole), 
 and by relinquishing these countries give the French the fairest 
 opportunity they can have of firmly establishing themselves ? . . 
 I cannot persuade myself that the Commissioners will restore 
 the Circars, even though they should have come out with that 
 intention . . . 
 
 " I have acquainted you of the transactions of the Select 
 Committee and Nabob's creditors in my former letters. These 
 matters still continue on a very unsettled footing . . . for 
 the creditors will not rely on the Company for the recovery of 
 what is due to them, and the pressing demands of the Select 
 Committee to have the Company's debt discharged in preference 
 has prevented the Nabob from making any payments in dis- 
 charge of his debt to individuals. There are amongst these 
 some turbulent spirits . . . They address the Court by this 
 
121 [No. 91. 
 
 ship, and liave appointed attorneys to act for them in England. 
 General Richard Smith is at tlie head of them. Fairliehl/^' 
 Calland,*-' AfHcek, Saunders, and, I tliink, nine others are in 
 commission with liim, but what their instructions are I know 
 not. . . The creditors have hopes that the Commissioners will 
 liave it in their power to settle matters to the satisfaction of 
 all })arties ; and I most heartily wish it may prove so, since it 
 will relie\e the distresses of many, and restore harmonv to 
 the Settlement, which we have long been strangers to. At 
 present discontent prevails in every countenance. 
 
 " I told you of the Court Martial on Colonel Wood, and 
 expressed my apprehensions that the charge of having appro- 
 priated to himself the provisions taken in the Coimbatoor 
 country would appear too clearly for the Court to pass it over. 
 I was, however, mistaken, for he was acquitted of every charge, 
 though nine in number. But no sooner was the sentence 
 known than the President and Council dismissed him from the 
 service on a clear conviction that, though acquitted, the charges 
 (or most of them) were proved beyond dispute by the evidence 
 produced before the Court. The matter, as I take it, was 
 thus : — the Court were convinced that several of the charges 
 were proved, but they could not condemn Wood for many 
 things which most of themselves had probably been guilty of, 
 nor disapprove of his proceedings without acknowledging those 
 perquisites to be illegal which they would fain establish as their 
 right. The privileges of a Commander-in-Chief appeared 
 therefore in great measure to depend on the issue of this affair ; 
 and the President and Council found it necessary to assert 
 their authority, and by dismissing W^ood convince the w'hole 
 corps that they would not allow of those abuses, which began 
 to be regarded as dues to the officers in command. I have been 
 told that this step has given great dissatisfaction, and that the 
 officers in general complain loudly of the injury done to the 
 service bv the dismission of an officer on articles which he had 
 been acquitted of by his judges ; but still I think the step was 
 absolutely necessary ; and if the President and Council were at 
 all culpable, it was in not publishing their reasonings on the 
 proceedings of the Court . . ., because in my opinion conciliating 
 the minds of the corps of officers and preventing as far as 
 possible any discontent from getting possession of them is a 
 point that should be materially attended to . . . 
 
 " Verelst, I imagine, w^ill be in Elngland before this can reach 
 you. His administration is greatly censured, and there are 
 those who scruple not to say it was a compound of indolence 
 and ignorance. 
 
 " Mr. B., Call, James Bourchier, Debeck'^' and Frieschman'*^ 
 
 (1) Richard Fairfield. Vide No 41, p, 63, note 5. 
 
 (2) John CaUand. Vide No. 34 p. 55, note 3, 
 
 (3) De Beck was in 1758 a Captain in the Madras European Regiment. 
 
 (•11 Daniel Frieschman was an Ensign of Swiss Infantry in 1754. As Lieut.- 
 Colonel he served in the first Mysore war. 
 
No. 91.] 122 
 
 all leave us on the Britannia. Du Pre became Governor the 
 31st ultimo agreeable to the Company's orders ; but he has 
 hitherto remained quiet in his new station, and there will be 
 no meeting till Mr. B. has left us. Then we shall see what 
 we shall see, and you shall know how we go on. I have before 
 expressed to you what my apprehensions are. Hastings's 
 amiable disposition has, however, in great measure eased them, 
 and I am willing to hope that his mildness will prove a palliati\e 
 to the rigour of the other. 
 
 " Mr. B. and myself have been on the most friendly footing 
 during his whole government . . . His administration has been 
 truely troublesome and unfortunate, and he now labours under 
 the displeasure of the Court for faults which I cannot think 
 were his own ... To me it is past a doubt that our want of 
 success has been in great measure owing to Call ; and I will 
 frankly declare to you that I have seen sufficient of him most 
 heartily to wish that he may never have the administration of 
 affairs lodged in his hands. I will go so far as to sav he has 
 neither steadiness or abilities for such a post ; and after saying 
 this you must not imagine you are reading the opinion of a 
 prejudiced person, for Call and I have had no sort of dispute ; 
 we have rather been on an intimate footing. I speak from 
 conviction that he might make a good Counsellor, but that he 
 would be a wretched Governor. 
 
 " I have nothing to say to you on the subject of Madras 
 news, except that Jack Hollond<^' has brought a young wife 
 from Bengal, who is more admired for her good sense than 
 beauty, though in the latter she surpasses most of our females. 
 But this is mere hearsay, for I have been so tied to my desk 
 that I have not paid a visit for many months .... 
 
 " The matter which you wrote about to Moodu Kistnah and 
 me still remains in the same situation. I wish I may not 
 shortly have occasion to observe your instructions on that 
 head. I have my fears however . . . 
 
 " W. M. GOODLAD." 
 
 [Holograph, 9| pp., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 92.] 
 Robert Palk, jun. to Robert Palk, Esq., Spring Gardens. 
 
 1770, February 25th. Ingerlee. — I am sending a parcel of 
 " 20 neck cloths for my brother Walter," who is to divide them 
 with my father if the latter needs them. I came here yesterday 
 to see Mrs. Floyer on board the Anson, as the lady is going to 
 visit Madras. 
 
 " We have some appearance of troubles again up the country. 
 Cossim Ally Cawn*^* is reported to have mustered up a strong 
 
 (!• John Hollond, a Madras civil servant of 1701, entered Council in 1777, became 
 Resident at Hyderabad in Kuniljold's administration, and in 1789 acted as 
 Governor of Madras for a year. 
 
 (2) Ka'iim All Khan (Mir Kasim), late Nawab of Bengal, who was responsible 
 for tiie Patna massacre of 1703. 
 
123 [No. 92. 
 
 force, wliich in ;ili j)r()l)ability will be joined to thai of Slnija 
 Dowla. A liircairah*'' has been taken in conveying letters from 
 the one to the other. If the French do not tronblc us, we shall 
 give a very good account of our northern i'riends . . Ceorge 
 and his little family at Midnapore are all in good health . , . 
 
 " Robert Palk." 
 
 " P.S. — Young Mr. Sulivan*-' is with me. lie is just arrived 
 from China, where he was obliged to go for the recovery of his 
 health." 
 
 [Holograph, 2 pp., 4 to. Wax seal ivith the Palk crest.] 
 
 [No. 93.] 
 I{ob[er]t Palk to [William Martin] Goodlad. 
 
 1770, March 15th. London.—" Dear Goodlad , . . The French 
 are not likely, I think, soon to disturb you, for their situation 
 in Europe is certainly more pitiful than ours. They have been 
 obliged to make use of the sponge, finding it impossible to raise 
 supplies sufficient to pay the annual interest of their debt. 
 
 " Oceans of people are gone this year to India, and I am at a 
 loss to guess how they can all be provided for. However, the 
 num])er is much less for Sulivan's opposing it. To support a 
 proprietary interest the Directors are in a manner obliged to 
 overload India. It is very uncertain which party will be 
 triumphant this year in Leadenhall Street ; both sides seem to 
 be sure of success. Whoever carries it, I should think it will 
 be the last great struggle, and wdiichever way it goes I think 
 your little brother'^' will have a good chance of seeing you 
 next year. 
 
 " In m}^ last I told you we w^ere on our journey into Devon- 
 shire, where I have at last, near Exeter, pitched my tent — in a 
 good house and very pleasant country, close to the road when in 
 good time you land at Plvmouth . . . 
 
 "RoBT. Palk." 
 
 [P.S.] — " Mrs. Mackay came home in good time to save the 
 dismission of her husband." 
 
 [No. 94.] 
 
 Warren Hastings to [Robert Palk, Esq.] 
 
 1770, April 3rd. Fort St. George. — " Dear Sir, I wrote to 
 you by the Britatniia, and at the same time acknowledged the 
 receipt of your fa\ or of the 23rd of June last. By this packet 
 I have sent bills to my attorneys to enable them to discharge 
 my bond to Mr. Sumner,*^* and have directed them to apply 
 to you to assist in settling that account, w^hich is the last trouble 
 that I shall have occasion to give you in this business. For 
 
 (1) Hircarrah, from Hind, harkdra, a messenger, spy. 
 
 (2) John Sulivan. Vide No. 19, p. 29, note 3. 
 
 (3) Richard Goodlad. 
 
 (4) William Brightwoll Simmer. Vide No. 88, p. 118, note 1. 
 
No. 94.] 124 
 
 that which you have already had, and the risque you have 
 undergone in it on my account, I repeat my thanks. 
 
 " I hope I shall have your excuse for the trouble which I am 
 going to give you in an affair of another kind, having taken the 
 liberty to consign two bulses of diamonds to you, one marked 
 No. 1, the property of Mr. Hancock,'^) the other marked No. 2, 
 belonging to Lieut. Colonel Ironside.'^' It was the only way 
 I had of complying with the pressing sollicitation of these gentle- 
 men to remit money for the use of their families, as they had 
 been disappointed of bills in Bengal. Having neglected to 
 give proper directions to me concerning the consignments, their 
 first application being for bills, they have made it necessary 
 for me to request you to receive these commissions, as Mr. 
 Hancock's attorneys can be but incompetent judges of the value 
 of diamonds or the methods of disposing of them, and as Mrs. 
 Ironside, like other ladies, is most probably acquainted with 
 only one way of laying out jewels. 
 
 " I do suppose that Mr. Hancock's attorneys will be glad 
 to leave the disposal of his diamonds to your management. 
 In that case I shall be obliged to you if you will dispose of them 
 to the best advantage, and let them have the produce ; but if 
 they should rather chuse to receive them unsold, be pleased to 
 deliver them into their charge. I have only written to Mrs. 
 Hancock upon the subject, by whose directions I request you 
 will be guided. That lady, Francis Austen, Esq., and the Rev. 
 Mr. George Austen are Mr. Hancock's attorneys. 
 
 " The produce of Colonel Ironside's diamonds you will be 
 pleased to pay to Mrs. Ironside, his lady. She is a relation of 
 the General's, and of an amiable and deserving character. 
 This will serve as an excuse for troubling you with her concern. 
 I believe I shall have your ready permission for the other. 
 
 " The late arrival of the Aurora gives us all much uneasiness. 
 I never knew any object in which the wishes of all men seemed 
 so heartily to concur as in the coming of the Commissioners, 
 and this may be the reason why we are so alarmed at their long 
 passage, which is what ought to be expected from the difficulty 
 of the navigation round Ceyloan at this time of the year, and 
 
 (1) Tyso Saul Hancock, a Madras surgeon, attended Clive at Tricliinopoly in 
 1752, was transferred to Bengal in 1750, and resigned the service two years later. 
 He continued to reside at Calcutta, where he practised medicine in conjunction with 
 commerce. Hancock acoompanied his intimate friend Warren Hastings to England 
 in 1765 and returned to Madras with liiin in 1760. In 1770 lie was reappointed 
 to the Bengal medical service. He married at Cnddalore in 1753 Philadelphia 
 Austen, aunt of Jane Austen the novelist, and died at Calcutta in 1775, aged 64. 
 
 (2) Gilbert Ironside, descended from two Bishops of Bristol of that name, was a 
 son of Edward Ironside, hanker, of London, who died when Lord Mayor in 1753. 
 Born in 1737, Gilbert was educated at Wincliester, and wcMit to India, in 175{) as 
 lOnsign of an independent comijany. Returning to lOngland by way of China, he 
 re-embarked in 1750 as I<'nsign in the Bengal Army, lie accompanied Hastings to 
 Patna in 1762, was employed on the Staff by both Clive and V^ansittart, became 
 Lieut. Colonel in 1768, and served as Hastings's Military Secretary in 1772. As 
 Colonel he commanded a brigade in 1774, retired in I78(i, and died in l"'ngland in 
 1801. Ironside married in 1 7(!3 Let ilia, (laught(>i' of the Rev. Robert Roberts. 
 He left unpublished works on logic, tactics and Persian grammar. 
 
125 [No. 94. 
 
 the inexperience of the men of the Navy in these seas. Would 
 to God they were come ! We are just arrived at the crisis in 
 which I fear we shall be compelled to declare ourselves the 
 friends or foes of Hyder or INIahdebrow. Both have been hitherto 
 kept in expectation of our alliance, and that expectation only 
 has, I believe, prevented the ravages of the latter. Grilliths 
 is well, and goes on well. Pray present my compliments to 
 Mrs. Palk and the General, and believe me to be with the truest 
 esteem and regard, dear P., your obliged humble servant, 
 [Holograph, 4 pp., Mo.] " Warren Hastings." 
 
 [No. 95.] 
 Warren Hastings to Rob[er]t Palk, Esq. 
 
 1770, April 7th. Fort St. George. — " Dear Sir, I must 
 trouble you again to desire that you will not sell the diamonds 
 by an advance on the invoice price, which I understand is the" 
 usual method, because they are, I am assured, of a superior 
 quality to most sent to England by this ship. You will be 
 pleased therefore to open the bulses, and rate them by their 
 quality when you dispose of them. 
 
 " Shall I beg the favor of you to send the enclosed to 
 Lieutenant Douglass of the York man of war ? I cannot recollect 
 a more particular direction to him. I am, dear Sir, your 
 most obedient servant, 
 
 [Holograph, 1 p., Uo.] " Warren Hastings." 
 
 [No. 96.] 
 W[illiam] ^I[artin] Goodlad to [Robert Palk, Esq.] 
 
 1770, April 8th. Fort St. George. Received 15th October. 
 — " My dear Friend, . . . W^e have been long looking out for the 
 Aurora, and persuade ourselves that she must make her appear- 
 ance very shortly. The Stagg arrived at Anjengo the 19th 
 February, and we learn by her that the Aurora left the Cape 
 between the 20th and 30th of December. According to the 
 common course of passages she should be here now, yet the 
 uncertain season makes us very little apprehensive for her, 
 particularly as the Duke of Kingston was at the Cape at the same 
 time, and ought by the same rule to have been with us. 
 
 " Peace still prevails, and in my opinion we have little to 
 apprehend for the present year. The season is already very 
 far advanced, and the Marattas too much engaged with Hyder 
 to trouble us. No compromise seems likely to take place between 
 them, and the apprehensions of our joining Hyder will prevent 
 their commencing hostilities as long as their disputes subsist. 
 Each party would rejoice at our assistance, and 'tis possible the 
 Marattas may endeavour to frighten us in order to obtain it ; 
 but I cannot believe they will go further, and unless the}' do, 
 I regard it as certain that we shall remain neuter. Thev have 
 plagued Hyder confoundedly. ^lay they continue to torment 
 each other ! 
 
No. 96.] 126 
 
 " At present our prospect is very good. The Committee'^' 
 had, previous to Mr. B's depa ture, settled very advantageous 
 terms with his Excellency'-' for the disciiarge of his debts, and 
 he has hitherto been very punctual in his payments. We shall 
 be able to pay off our debt, assist China largely, and nevertheless 
 provide an ample Investment. How different was our prospect 
 twelve months ago ! 
 
 " Colonel Wood did intend to have taken his passage on the 
 Anson, but his unfortunate disputes with the Board have 
 prevented it, for they would not give him leave unless he would 
 give security to stand the issue of the suits commenced against 
 him in the Mayor's Court . . . He talks loudly of the injustice 
 done him in many respects .... 
 
 " Matters have hitherto gone on very smoothly in the new 
 government. Du Pre is very cleaver and calculated for business. 
 We are punctual in every thing — registers closed, papers signed 
 and dispatches delivered to an hour . . . and my poor pate and 
 fingers have paid pretty severely for many days past . . . 
 
 " A storm is said to be brewing in Bengal, and 'tis probable 
 the name of Cossim*-^' will be once more familiar to us. The 
 Gentlemen there, however, seem more alarmed with expectations 
 of the French than from inland appearances ; with what reason 
 I know not, but I am sure we are not equally apprehensive here. 
 That great preparations have been making at the Islands '*> is 
 certain, but in my opinion their views are more bent towards 
 the entire conquest of Madagascar than this way .... 
 
 " Calcutta itself is in a deplorable way, and the want of 
 money felt to a degree scarcely to be conceived ; — -individuals 
 daily becoming bankrupts, property sold by the Mayor's Court 
 for not a third of its value, and, what is still worse, grain so 
 exceedingly scarce that the distresses of the country people are 
 beyond all conception. The Nabob Syfe ut Dowlah'^' thought 
 to be past recovery in the small pox .... 
 
 "W. M. GOODLAD." 
 
 [P.S.] — " Pray, my respectful compliments to the General. 
 The Nabob sent his annuity late last night ..." 
 [Holograph, 3 j^P-, flscp.] 
 
 [No. 97.] 
 Lau[rence] Sulivan to [Robert Palk, Esq.] 
 
 N.D. [1770, cir. May--September.]— " Dear Sir, That one of 
 the best businesses in this life is to do good offices is your 
 opinion, confirmed by practice. Indulge me then with a few 
 words. 
 
 " To carry the India election last year and to compleat it 
 
 (1) The Select Committee. 
 
 (2) Nawal) Wala.i;ili. 
 
 (3) Kfisim A\i Klian. Vide No. 02, p. 122, mi(o 2. 
 (*) Vide No. 47, p. 72, note 1. 
 
 (•>) Nawal) Saif-ucl-daula, second son of Mir Jafar, succeeded liis brother Najm- 
 ud-daula as Nawab of Bengal in 17GG, and died in March, 1770. 
 
127 [No. 97. 
 
 the next has involved the fortunes of ]\rr. Vaiisittart and mvself, 
 though I have since found wc did not start ahkc. I had then 
 a comfortable independance ; it was necessary that he should 
 once more sec India ; his wishes (thank God) are accomphslied, 
 but the fortunes of botli are still at stake, a return to his former 
 affluence still depending, and much, upon my interest and 
 industr^^ It will be the joy of my life to see him happ}% and 
 in seeking the recovery of my own prosperity it nevcT has or 
 ever shall clash or take preference. Something then is due to 
 me, 
 
 " We are pledged and engaged mutually for large sums to 
 prevent our suffering severely in the sale of stock in these hours 
 of panic. As it was a common cause, I never considered who 
 advanced the money necessary so long as one of us had the 
 money to advance, and accordingly when he left England, and 
 many months before, I had paid in twelve thousand pounds, and 
 he was indebted to this joint concern 3,000/. Upon the eve of 
 his departure we had very serious discourse upon the subject 
 of his leaving me behind in a dreadfull situation, having no other 
 resources left that I could reach but my estate and 3,500L 
 India stock. He stated that 20,000?. of the French bills, 2,000 
 India stock, his sallary from the Company and license to draw 
 upon him for 10,000/. were the aids he would leave absolutely 
 at my call under the direction of Mr. Motteux,'^' and if more 
 was necessary he would leave a letter with that gentleman to 
 be delivered to his attorney ; though this not to be done 
 without the last necessity ; and at my earnest request promised 
 that his attorney should have no negative in these aids, but 
 directions absolute to comply. Supposing then (which I 
 cannot doubt) that Van has not deceived me, how much must 
 I be astonished at the behaviour of Mr. Boehm<-) towards Mr. 
 Motteux and me ! He has demurred to grant what an enemy 
 does not refuse me. You see by the enclosed what has been 
 desired, which I will again explain to you : — Mr. Boyd'^> in last 
 Direction lent us 9,000/. to make 18 votes,*'** and Messrs. 
 Vansittart, Manship,*^' and Sulivan gave him an obligation to 
 return him the stock by calling in these votes whenever 
 demanded. Mr. Manship having quitted us — at least keeping 
 himself to act as he shall please — demands that his name may 
 be taken out of the obligation, but says, as he means always 
 to act like a gentleman, will be content (if this is inconvenient) 
 to have the 18 names with the receipts deposited with him. 
 As I did not chuse to allarm Mr. Boyd or to trust Manship 
 with votes that he would have the power to disqualifie, I asked 
 Mr. Manship, instead of this, to take an obligation from me 
 and Mr. Vansittart's attorney importing that his name to Boyd's 
 
 (1) John Motteux, a Director in 1769. 
 
 (2) Edmund Boehm, Attorney for Heniy Vansittart. 
 f3) John Boyd, a Director from 1753 to 1764. 
 
 (4> Vide No. 62, 7). 01, note 1. 
 
 (5) John Manship, a Director from 1762 to 1809. 
 
No. 97.] 128 
 
 obligation was null and void. Manship very kindly acquiesces 
 and does us a real favour. Ought Mr. Boehm then to hesitate 
 a moment, as Van's attorney, to sign with me such a paper, 
 which Van himself, if present, must have done ? Don't I offer 
 Mr. Boehm (which he has no right to claim of me) the same 
 security that an enemy (Manship) is willing to accept ? Is 
 Vansittart to ruin himself and me by appointing a person that 
 will not act for him ? 
 
 " Mr. Motteux's treatment hurts me, and may injure us if I 
 cannot calm him. He has been a usefull friend indeed, and we 
 owe him much. Mr. Pleydell,'^' in deep distress, applys for 
 part of money lent, and often promised, by Van. We could 
 not pay him. He is drove to state his situation to a friend, 
 and he, wishing Van well, gives him 1,000Z. and takes his order 
 upon Motteux. This person was Mr. Gainor [?] ; depending 
 the draft would be honoured, waits upon Mr. Motteux, who 
 states it to Mr. Boehm, and being daily dunned he writes him 
 a letter whose answer is such as might be given to his clerk ; 
 and Motteux has paid the money (for the honour of Vansittart) 
 out of his own cash. 
 
 " Such being the history, I am, in behalf of Van and myself, 
 to implore your good offices (and remember that I positively 
 ask and desire no more) with a person who, however good and 
 amiable he may be in other respects, is acting in these instances 
 deeply to the injury [of] Mr. Vansittart. I want no favour of 
 Mr. Boehm, but common justice, to do that in behalf of Mr. 
 Vansittart which he must and would have done if present, and 
 which Mr. Boehm is instructed to do, or I am cruelly deceived. 
 If he has not those powers and will not contribute those aids, 
 Mr. Vansittart must share with me the consequences. I (not 
 he) shall be ruined, but still with a balm to all good minds, 
 honest to the last. I trouble you on many accounts ; — your 
 friendship to us both, but particularly Mr. Boehm's asserting 
 he can take up no point without your opinion and approbation. 
 If I have a negative respecting Manship, who is to have his 
 answer by Tuesday, I will directly put him in possession of 
 18 votes. 
 
 " I am ever, my dear Sir, yours most affectionately, 
 " Sunday." 
 
 " Lau. Sulivan." 
 
 [P.S.] — " I understood you had lent lately to Mr. Boehm, 
 for the purpose of serving Van in this business, 5,000Z. Mr. 
 Motteux could with difficulty get 1,500. 
 
 " The matter, as mentioned in Mr. Boehm's note relative 
 to Messrs. Manship and Boyd, is that Manship would apply 
 to Boyd demanding his name to be given up, to which Mr. 
 Boehm has no objection." 
 
 [Holograph, 3 pp., Mo.] 
 
 (1) Charles Stafford Pleydell (or Playdell). Vide No. 256, p. 252, note 4. 
 
129 
 
 [No. 98.] 
 Rob[er]t Palk to I William Martin] Goodlad. 
 
 1770, June 16th, per Dolphin frigate. Received 20th 
 February, 1771. — " My dear Goodlad, . . I join in all you say " in 
 your letters of 16tli September and 19th November " coneerning 
 poor Bourehier, and will only add the times have been very 
 unfortunate. However, his reception will be more to his 
 satisfaction than he expected. I only wish, instead of driving 
 Calland to despair, he had moved him from St. David ... I 
 desire you will still continue your application concerning 
 Withecombe's money . . . 
 
 " I hope in God you will continue in peace ; but as long as 
 we are to protect the Carnateck troubles will sometimes arise, 
 and it will require the most prudent management to keep clear 
 of them. I have, however, great expectations from Mr. Du 
 Pre and Mr. Hastings, if more cooks do not spoil the soop, and 
 the Commissioners at least do no harm. The only good these 
 gentlemen can do, I judge, at Madras will be to soften the 
 severity of the Company's orders concerning the Nabob's 
 creditors . . . The Company cannot set aside the rights of the 
 creditors ; and the whole can only be meant to shew at a 
 General Court that the Directors have exerted themselves, and 
 there I suppose it will end. However, entre nous, it seems 
 surprizing to me that the Governor and Council ever gave 
 their sanction to such an Assignment, because the only induce- 
 ment the Company could have in launching out their money 
 to the Nabob seemed to be a just expectation that the Carnateck 
 was bound for the security of repayment. I very sincerely 
 pity the poor Nabob, and wish there was any prospect of an 
 end to his troubles. I often advised him, when he was borrowing 
 such large sums, of the consequences which might hereafter 
 follow . . ." 
 
 I recommend you to correspond with Mr. Purling* ^) on the 
 Company's affairs, as he is strongly supported by Lord Clive, 
 and the present directors are now firmly established. I am 
 writing on my way to Devonshire for the summer. Hint to 
 my nephew, whose letters show marks of carelessness, that more 
 thought is called for. " Robt- Palk." 
 
 [Holograph, 2| pp., Uo.'\ 
 
 [No. 99.] 
 C. Bazett(2) to Robert Palk, Esq. 
 1770, August 9th. St. Helena. — I desire to secure a 
 nomination as Writer for my son in England, and seek your kind 
 recommendation and support. " C. Bazett." 
 
 [Autograph, 2\ pp., Uo.] 
 
 (1) John Purling was Deputy Chairman of Directors in 1770, and Chairman in 
 1771. 
 
 (2) Several members of the Bazett family were domiciled at St. Helena. They 
 appear to have been descendants of Captain Matthew Bazett, who was tefuporary 
 Governor of the island in 1714, 
 
130 
 
 [No. 100.] 
 George Vansittart to Rob[er]t Palk, Esq. 
 
 1770, September 5th. Calcutta. — " Dear Palk, ... I must now 
 communicate to you a piece of intelligence on which I cannot 
 reflect without tJhe deepest sorrow, and which will be equally 
 afflicting to you. The Aurora left the Cape the latter end of 
 December, and has no more been heard of. Faint hopes are 
 entertained that she may still be safe ; but for'my part I must 
 confess that I can flatter myself with none. A storm, a rock 
 or fire have, I fear, deprived us for ever of our brother. I write 
 by this ship (the Lapzving) to you and^my eldest brother*^' only, 
 and to you two I leave the disagreeable task of informing my 
 mother, Mrs. Harry Van, Mrs. Palk and the rest of our friends 
 of this most unhappy event ... I shall in future write fully 
 to you whatever may occur to me relative to the transactions 
 in Bengal as I used to do to Harry . . . 
 
 " Councils are established at Moorshedabad and Patna for 
 the management of the Dewanny revenues. Messrs. Becher, 
 Reid, Lawrell and Graham compose the former ; Alexander, 
 Vansittart and Palk the latter. Palk and I shall travel off to 
 Patna in a few days . . . You will hear from your nephew that 
 he is now a married man . . . Our little George Henry'^' has 
 been very dangerously ill, but by Mr. Hancock's'^' good 
 management is now recovered ..." 
 
 " George Vansittart." 
 
 [P.S.] — " Colonel Ironside is apprehensive of being super- 
 seded by Colonel Lesly,'^' and has desired me to request your 
 interest in his behalf . . ." 
 
 [Holograph, 4 pp., 4to.] 
 
 [No. 101.] 
 Robert Palk [jun.] to Robert Palk, Esq. 
 
 1770, September 8th. Calcutta. — I gratefully acknowledge 
 the trouble vou have taken to obtain mv reinstatement in the 
 service. Councils are nominated for Moorshedabad and Patna 
 for revenue collection, and I am appointed to the latter with 
 Alexander(^) and Vansittart. 
 
 " George has told you in his letter how faint our hopes are of 
 ever hearing of the Aurora. She left the Cape the 23rd of 
 December, and has no more been heard of. The captain talked 
 of making a short cut ; said the Indiamen took too great a 
 circle in general. Our fears are that fire, a rock or something 
 of the kind has for ever deprived us of poor Mr. Van — a cruel 
 fate indeed ! His loss will be severely felt in India as well as 
 at home. 
 
 '1! Rolxu't V;in^ittart. 
 (2) Afterwards General G. H. Vansittart. 
 '3) Dr. Tyso Svul Hancock. Vide No. 94, p. 124, note I. 
 
 ('^'1 Colonel Matthew Leslie, a King's officer, had previously served in the West 
 Indies. 
 
 f5> James Alexander. Vide No. fiS, p. 02. note 0. 
 
131 [No. 101. 
 
 " The Stag has been on her embassy to Persia, but I can give 
 no account of lier proceedings there. She is daily expected 
 from Madras with General Coote on board. 
 
 " We have had a most drcadfull scarcity in Bengal and Bahar 
 this year. Many hundred thousand of poor creatures have 
 died for absolute want. In many parts of the country there are 
 not hands enough to cultivate the lands . . ." 
 
 My acknowledgments are due to Mr. Vanrixtal's father. I 
 shall do my best for his son : " indeed I have often endeavoured 
 to bring him out of a strange unaccountable way of life, which 
 has brought on him much misery and must in a few years end 
 his existance. . . 
 
 " I hope some of the ships of the season will bring me the 
 books you promised to send, Millar's Dictionary and Hooker's 
 History. You sent me a very handsome supply of books from 
 Madras, and it is with infinite satisfaction I dedicate an hour 
 or two every day to their study, which, to my shame I say it, 
 is more than ever I did before . . ." 
 
 I correspond with my brother at Madras, who is now " in 
 joint house keeping with James Call,"*^' and have consigned 
 goods to him. I have heard nothing of Mr. Yarde,*-* who was 
 in bad health when he left Calcutta to join the army. Mr. 
 Becher(3> has been seriously ill, and intends making a sea 
 voyage " as his last resource." 
 
 " I have not yet communicated the most material piece of 
 news regarding myself, and what will, I believe, surprise you 
 much. You may remember how alert I used to be at Madras 
 when in the company of Miss Stonhouse,(^) the propensity I 
 had to make myself a favorite ; but George's coming down cut 
 off all my hopes. I have, however, allyed myself to the family 
 by marrying the second sister.*^' I fear you will think that by 
 this act I have defeated your good intention of rendering me 
 usefull to my friends at home ; but I give you my word, Sir, 
 it shall be no obstacle to that end. I have no desire to see any 
 of my sisters in India, but if you think proper to send either of 
 them out, I shall give them a most sincere reception and take 
 every care of them in my power. If either of 'em should come 
 out, as well as I can recollect my youngest sister (Grace) is 
 the best calculated ..." 
 
 " Robert Palk." 
 
 " 11th [Sept.] — I have just received a letter from Mr. Morse 
 giving hopes of the Aurora . . . R.P." 
 [Holograph, 10\ pp., Uo.] 
 
 (1! James Call entered the Madras civil service in 1765. He never left India, 
 and died in 17!tit. 
 
 (2) Lieut. John Yarde, Bengal Army. Vide No. 51, p. 80, note 2. 
 
 (3) Richard Bocher, Bonjial civil service. 
 
 (4) Sarah Stonhouse. 
 
 (5) Lucia Stonhouse. 
 
132 
 
 [No. 102.] 
 A[lexande]r Wynch to Robert Palk, Esq. 
 
 1770, September 16th. Masulipatam. — " Dear Palk, Happy 
 indeed should I be could I by this ship give you some account 
 of our friend Van. Our expectations and, I was going to say 
 our hopes, are almost over, for every part [?port] where she 
 could be gone to in the Indian seas we have heard from. Pitty 
 you all I do ; I feel myself for the man I loved . . . Du Pre 
 would think it a very fortunate event if Providence was to send 
 the Aurora to Fort St. George, as at once they would be able 
 to determine between the Governor and General.'^* The latter 
 by his commission thinks himself the first person. The 
 Governor will not give it up, nor can he in my opinion, as the 
 President of each Settlement must be the Supreme over all the 
 Company's servants both civil and military . . . Coote acts 
 not now on the Coast, and if the Gentlemen at Bengali do not 
 choose to give him the rank he expects, he intends home by 
 the first ship. I am surprized there was not more circum- 
 spection in the orders that were sent out with him. ' This and 
 the altercation there has been with Sir John Lendsey*-) has 
 made it disagreeable to all concerned. . . The dignity of the 
 Governor is greatly lessened, and Walaw Jaw seems to look 
 upon it in that light. He already has asked the Governor and 
 Council if they know who he is, &c. Repent what he is now 
 doing he will, as sure as the sun will shine again. An extra- 
 ordinary commission Sir John's is, if what it is reported to be 
 is the truth, that he is [to] negociate independant of the Company 
 with any country Powers he pleases, to examine into what he 
 pleases, and make use of any measures he may please in doing 
 it, even underhand and private ones . . . Du Pre has a bad 
 time of it, Hastings is, I think, to be pittyed ..." 
 
 I am anxious to leave India on account of my age, and 
 because my girls need me at home, but I must first find means 
 to remit the little money I possess. 
 
 " At present we as Englishmen are free from war, but whether 
 we may not be under the necessity of assisting Hyder, who is 
 going to be attacked again by both Soubah and Morattas, or 
 of joining them to overset him, is more than I can say ; but 
 this I do, that if both can be avoided without detriment to 
 ourselves, that will be the measure we would choose. At 
 Bengali they are free from war, but famine rages to the greatest 
 degree. All above Calcutta 2 and 3 seer of rice only for a rupee, 
 and thousands dye dayly . . . 
 
 " My son George'^) will be 16 in November, 1771, and be ready 
 to offer his services to the Company as a Writer. If you can 
 
 d' Majoi'-Goncral Eyro C'ooto, Conimnndcr-in-Chiof in India. 
 
 '-' Admiral Sir John Lindsay, Naval Conunander-iu-C'hief and Minister Pleni- 
 potentiary, arrived in India in July, 1770, at the age of thirty-three. In the following 
 year he was invested by Nawab Walajah at Chepauk with the insignia of the Order 
 "of the Bath. 
 
 (3) George Wynch was appointed a Writer in 1773. 
 
133 [No. 102. 
 
 get him a god father he will, as well as myself, be obliged to 
 you. Bengali or Madrass I would have him come to ; the first 
 I would prefer, having 2 here already. . . . Billy' i' called here 
 last month on his way to Bengali ; he is gone to see his aunt 
 Watts. Alexander is just made a lieutenant, and ordered to 
 Madge's battalion of sepoys. Madam lay in last month : 
 another girl we have, so that when I come home I should want 
 a whole Great Cabbin. I thank you for the attention you have 
 paid to my son Bob. If a war should commence, I think he 
 had better try his fortune this way, especially if he can be got 
 into the Admiral's ship. His chance of promotion would be 
 greater than at home, where I have but little interest with the 
 gentlemen of the Navy. I dayly expect to receive orders from 
 Madrass to go into the Circars again this year to settle the 
 Zummabundy.*^) By what I did the last, the Zemindars begin 
 to feel the good effects of our government, being free from all 
 kind of oppressions, which under a rapacious Renter (and none 
 I have known to be any other) they were not. . . . 
 
 " I fear I shall never be able to enjoy the sweets of country life, 
 for the education of my daughters will compel me to live where 
 proper masters can be obtained. I have not heard this year 
 from my daughter Sophy ". 
 
 " Ar. Wynch." 
 
 [Autograjyh, 8 pp., Mo.] 
 
 [No. 103.] 
 
 Mrs. Jane Morse to [Robert Palk, Esqr.]. 
 
 1770, September 19th. Fort St. George. — " Dear Sir . . . The 
 Aurora has not been heard of since she left the Cape the 24 of 
 December. Providence has given ni}^ dear Mrs. Van a large 
 portion of affliction, but I trust he will give her a proportional 
 degree of fortitude to enable her in some degree to bear with 
 patience this last most fatal trial . . . Mr. Morse is much 
 afflicted : scenes of such interesting an nature are too much at 
 his age to bear up against, especially to one whose life has been 
 filled with care and anxiety. How shocked I was to hear the 
 distracted state Mr. Van's affairs were in ! We thought his 
 fortune much reduced to what it was, and therefore necessary 
 for him to return again to India for the benefit of his family, 
 but could have no idea that his fortune had suffered so largely. 
 The losses our family has sustained in the stocks are much 
 talked of here : there are no secrets in this place . . . Mr. Morse 
 has not for some [time] past taken any of the allowance Mr. Van 
 was pleased to give us, and by his care in letting the office and 
 godowns the house has produced, clear of all charges and repairs, 
 five per cent, for his money. Now I imagine it will be sold for 
 
 (1) William WjTich entered the Madras civil service in 17(36. 
 
 (2) Jamahandi, the annual settlement of fluctuating items of land revenue ; 
 from Hind, jama, whole, and Pers. bandhi, settlement. 
 
No. 103.] . 134 
 
 the most it will fetch. We shall then hire a house in the Black 
 Town, there lieing none in the White<^' to be got but what are 
 at too high prizes for us." 
 
 Mrs. Van will be guided in everything by you and Mr. 
 Bourchier, and desires to retire into the country for the sake 
 of economy. 
 
 " Mr. Palk is married to Miss Stonehouse. She is a prudent 
 girl, and I hope she will make a good wife . . ." 
 
 " Jane Morse." 
 
 [Holograph, 3| pp., MoJ] 
 
 [No. 104.] 
 Nic[holas] Morse to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1770, September 30th. Fort St. George.—" Dear Sir, This 
 waites on you by the Lapwing . . . and by her [I] have an 
 opportunity to acquaint you that, to our great concern, we have 
 not yet seen our friend in the Aurora, but hear she left the Cape 
 of Good Hope the 24 of December, and from the report of 
 Lieutenant Johnson of the Stag, who was aboard in the harbour, 
 that there was a gale of wind on the next evening after the day 
 the Aurora sailed, which he imagined might have occasioned 
 the loss of her mastes, and the wind being from the south east, 
 which generally prevails at that season, carryed them to the 
 Brazils to refit. If nothing is heard of them by the month of 
 January, it may be concluded that some accident has befallen 
 them, and in that case a heavy loss to the family ; and my poor 
 Mrs. Van [will] stand in need of all your kind care and regard 
 to support her under so great an affliction . . . 
 
 " This country is at present quiet, but Hyder and the Morattas 
 are still in arms against each other, and it will be scarce 
 practicable for the English to satisfy both. The French are 
 increasing their military force at Pondicherry, every ship 
 bringing officers, men and ammunition, &c. They have some 
 ships in India already of 60 guns, and are reported to have 
 large numbers of men both at the islands of Mauritius and 
 Madagascar. At this last they have erected a strong fort, 
 and are training the natives to arms ; so that I should be glad 
 to sec some of his Majesty's ships abroad to be ready for them, 
 as it is very probable the rupture will begin in these parts . . . 
 You will hear that the Governour and Council here have had 
 some differences with General Coote in regard to the extent 
 of his commission, as has occasioned the General to decline 
 acting." 
 
 George Vansittart and your nephew Robert have been 
 appointed to the Committee for collecting the revenue of Bihar, 
 and the former has resigned the Chief ships of " Midnapore and 
 Dynagcpore " in consequence. 
 
 . (1) The White Town lay within the walls of Fort St. George ; the Black Town 
 was the native citv sitiiated north of the Fort. 
 
135 [No. 104. 
 
 " The famine in Bengal has been so great that in some parts 
 rice was not to be bought for more than two seer for a rupee, 
 which used to be at 30 and upwards ; and the number of dead 
 bodies has occasioned a sickness, so that the country is in deep 
 distress. Loaves of bread that were at 32 last year per rupee 
 are reduced to 4 at Calcutta . . . 
 
 " As Harry* ^^ is, I find, intended for India, the best way I 
 think will be to send him in the civil service to Bengal to his 
 uncle, who may have it in his power to serve him ; and that 
 Settlement you are sensible has greatly the advantage of the 
 others for persons to get forward in fortune . . . Pray let neither 
 him nor any of his brothers be sent out cadets. 
 
 " Mr. Carty, as one of Mr. Sloper's executors, applyed to 
 me some months ago for money for bills for the portion of 
 one of the daughters . . . but the match was broke off . . . 
 Your nephew Mr. Thomas is well and under Mr. Goodlad in 
 the office, and has his allowance of twenty pagodas per month. 
 His brother at Bengal has made some consignments to him and 
 Mr. James Call, and he has entered as a merchant ..." 
 
 It is understood that Mr. Brooke is to go to the northward 
 on the occurrence of a vacancy, although Messrs. Ardley, 
 Stratton and Dawson are senior to him. The Nawab has paid 
 in fourteen lakhs of pagodas to the Company, and about Pags. 
 90,000 for the creditors, but the latter have not yet been 
 allowed to receive the amount. The despatch of military 
 officers from England is very discouraging to those on the Coast 
 establishment. 
 
 " I wish you much happiness in your new purchass,*-' and 
 that you and Mrs. Palk may find it answer your expectations, 
 and that a retirement may prove agreeable after the bustle 
 and noise of a town situation. My house at the Mount is near 
 finished, and we purpose, with the leave of Mr. Hydro and 
 Moderow, to live there about 8 months in the year, or the 
 greatest part of that time. Whether those great gentlemen 
 will chuse to indulge us time is to shew . . ." 
 
 [Holograph, 6f ijp., Uo.] " Nic. Morse." 
 
 [No. 105.] 
 William Jackson*^^* to [Robert Palk, Esqr.]. 
 
 1770, October 1st. Madrass. — " You were so kind [as] to give 
 Mr. Dunning'** in December, 1769, two letters of recommendation 
 for me, one of which was to Mr. Stone, who has paid the utmost 
 regard to your recommendation." For this I return you 
 grateful thanks. 
 
 [Holograph, 1 p., Uo.] " William Jackson." 
 
 (1) Henry Vansittart, jun., son of Governor Henry Vansittart. 
 
 (2) Haldon House. 
 
 (3) William Jackson entered the Madras civil service in 1770. 
 
 (4) John Dunning of Ashburton, barrister, became Solicitor General in 1768, 
 and was created Baron Ashburton in 1782. 
 
136 
 
 [No. 106.] 
 Lieut. Thomas Palk to [Robert Palk, Esqr.]. 
 
 1770, October 1st. Condapillee. — " Honoured Sir, ... I 
 have the pleasure to inform you that my brother'^) arrived at 
 Madras the 30th of June last. He has been in that neighbour- 
 hood ever since, so that I have not as yet had the satisfaction 
 of seeing him. Just after his arrival he, with the rest of the 
 cadets of this season, were ordered out to Poonamale in order 
 to learn their exercise. Mr. Dupre then promised him he should 
 be sent down to the Circars as soon as he had been there his 
 time. . . All the cadets on this establishment were a few days 
 ago appointed ensigns. »My brother has been very lucky in 
 getting a commission so soon . . . ; but General Coote since 
 his arrival has been the means of great alterations in the 
 military corps." There are accounts of disputes between Mr. 
 Dupre and General Coote, as well as between the Governor and 
 the Commodore.*-' Much alarm is felt at the non-arrival of 
 the Aurora. I am as far off promotion as I was a year ago 
 owing to the number of captains sent out by the Conipany. 
 It is reported that the Coast troops are to be brigaded as in 
 Bengal. I have now commanded this garrison upwards of a 
 year. Captain Madge, who is not hopeful of early promotion, 
 is engaged with Poligars near Samulcotah. 
 
 " I heard from cousin Thomas some days ago. He is well. 
 He still remains at Madrass. Cousin Robert was married to 
 Miss Stonehouse the 12th of June last, since which he writes 
 me he has been appointed third to a Council of revenues for 
 the Bahar Province, and that he and Mrs. Palk will shortly 
 set out for Patna ..." 
 
 " Thomas Palk." 
 
 [Holograph, 4 jW-y ^io.] 
 
 [No. 107.] 
 Chocapah to the Honble. Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1770, October 1st. Fort St. George. — The Government have 
 appointed two sets of Merchants to provide the Company's 
 Investment. The first set, consisting of " Chippermall Chitty, 
 myself, Subrumania Chitty, Lingapa Chitty, Condepah Chitty 
 and Audynarayenah Chitty " are to supply longcloth, 
 salempores, moorees, ginghams, Conjeveram beteelas and 
 muslin handkerchiefs to the value of Pags. 108,000. The other 
 set, comprising " Mannar Chitty, and Arnachella Chitty," will 
 provide longcloth, beteelas Oringal and beteelas Pulicate. 
 
 " Madavaraw would on no account whatsoever make up 
 matters with Hyder. He left 30,000 horses under the command 
 of Gopalraw in Hyder's country, and is gone back to his country 
 [in] June last. It is reported that Madaviraw himself will be 
 
 (1) John Palk. 
 
 ('-' Sir Juhn Lindsay. 
 
137 [No. 107. 
 
 ill Hydcr's countr>' [in] January next, and if we don't assist 
 Hyder the Marattys will certainly ruin him, and we are uncertain 
 what troubles the Marattys may give us afterwards." 
 
 Bengal is much reduced by famine, the scarcity of rice being 
 unprecedented. The Armenian and native merchants have 
 commissioned a ship for" Manila this year. The French are 
 receiving supplies of men and military stores. " The French 
 Settlements in India are entirely delivered up to the French 
 King, and Mr. Law<i) is appointed Marshall de Camp and 
 King's Governour, and they have now at Pondichery I nine 
 hundred soldiers and four hundred seapoys ..." 
 
 Chocapah. 
 
 [Autograph, 2 pp., flscp.] 
 
 [No. 108.] 
 Jos[iAs] Du Pre to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1770, October 4th. Fort St. George. — " Dear Sir, Give me 
 leave in a few words, for I have not time for more, to thank you 
 for your two obliging letters of the 11th November, 1769, and 
 9th March, '70. You will have grief enough on hearing that we 
 have no news of the Commissioners. I shall therefore say no 
 more than that it is a disappointment to us, who, far from fearing 
 the result of their enquiry s and the effects of their power, 
 thought them the only means by which we could find redress, 
 and effectually refute the malevolent insinuations which must 
 have gone home in private letters and have been magnified 
 there to answer private purposes. 
 
 " You say Coote was to have the same powers General 
 Lawrence had. You will find his ideas run much higher : he 
 thinks himself above controul. We would not submit to be 
 trampled on, and so he refused to sit with us or to act, and is 
 gone down to Bengal'-' in a great huff. How he will be received 
 there I cannot tell. It would take up a volume to give you the 
 history of our quarrel 1 : my brother Alexander Avill be able to 
 give it to you at large. We have also been drawn into a 
 correspondence with Sir John Lindsay, by which I suppose 
 Ave shall draw on ourselves the vengeance of the Ministry who 
 sent him out. These are dangerous times, and I wish I was 
 well out of them. What is doing between Sir John and the 
 Nabob, I can't say, but I believe no good to the Company or 
 their servants now and for years past. We are no more what 
 we were. We have neither controul nor influence over the 
 Nabob. People at home think him full of virtue and honor. 
 Good God ! that a man so devoid of both should by deceit have 
 acquired such a character ! You hope, now that peace is 
 concluded, we may be able to put the immense length of country 
 we have to protect into a better state of management and 
 
 U) Jean Law, Governor of Pondicherry. 
 
 (2) Coote changed his mind at the last moment and went to England via Basra. 
 
No. 108.] 138 
 
 security ; but how, my friend, are we to do [it] ? The Company 
 abuse us hke pick-pockets, send over a mihtary officer to quarrell 
 with and tyrannise over us and throw us into confusion. The 
 Government send Sir John Lindsay to threaten and awe us, to 
 wrest all our actions into crimes and to support the Nabob 
 (perverse enough before) against all our measures ; and then, 
 if misfortunes happen, we must bear the whole. I tell you. my 
 friend, the Company's affairs never were in so dangerous a way. 
 We are surrounded with enemys, and the most dangerous are 
 neither Hyder, the Morattas, the Soubah or the French. 
 
 " I hope Mr. Hastings will write you more at large of our 
 situation. I have no rest night or day. 'Tis a great comfort 
 in my distress to have such a man as Mr. Hastings. We are 
 upon the best terms, and he supports me cordially. I think 
 myself obliged to you for your friendly letters : you will add 
 to the obligation if you will not expect long answers. Mrs. 
 Du Pre expects next month to be in the straw : she joins to 
 mine her sincere good wishes for your and Mrs. Palk's health 
 and happiness. I am, dear Sir, your most obedient humble 
 servant, 
 
 [Holograph, 3 pp., Uo.] " Jos. Du Pre." 
 
 [No. 109.] 
 Tho[mas] Palk to Rob[er]t Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1770, October 9th. Fort St. George. — I miss my friends who 
 sailed in the Britannia, especially Mr. Call, with whom I lived 
 from the time I quitted the army. I am now in the office 
 under Mr. Goodlad, but should like to change to the Accountant's 
 branch. From " the intimate friendship that appeared to 
 me to subsist between you and Mr. Hastings it was natural for 
 me to expect he would pay some kind of attention to me, but 
 to my surprize he never once asked me in his house ; though 
 from one in his station, and so superciliously disposed, it is not 
 extraordinary. Mr. Morse is exceeding kind to me and very 
 much my friend." I thank you for the allowance of Pags. 20 
 per month, which you have made me. My brother in Bengal 
 has been very good in sending consignments of raw silk to me 
 and Mr. James Call jointly. He has lately been appointed to 
 Patna. " I make no doubt, Sir, but you will be surprized to 
 hear that he was, on the 12th June last, married to Miss Ston- 
 house, sister of Mrs. George Vansittart's, a very agreeable girl, 
 and above all a young lady of sense ..." 
 
 No news has been received of the Aurora since she left the 
 Cape ten months ago. " I feel greatly for poor Mrs. Van : 
 the loss of a husband and son*^' at once must be a killing stroke 
 to her. Mr. and Mrs. Morse are very deeply afflicted . . ." 
 
 'D Arthur, second son of Henry Vansittart, accompanied his father. The latter, 
 writing from Madeira on the 16th Oct., 1769, says, " Arthur is well, nukes a good 
 sailor, takes well to his Persian." (Brit. Mus. Add. MSS. 34,686.) 
 
139 [No. 10!). 
 
 The (i()\erii()r and Council are much at variance with General 
 Coote and Sir John I^indsay, and the General is about to sail 
 for Bengal. 1 laid aside the sword with regret and only in 
 deference to the wishes of my friends. 
 
 "Tho. Palk." 
 
 " P.S.— As I should be very glad to peruse some of the latest 
 of the old news papers and magazines, I hope your goodness 
 will excuse the liberty I take of requesting you will enclose me 
 a few now and then. . ." My respects to the General and 
 " to that good lady Mrs. Jiourchier." 
 
 [Holograph, 7| pp., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 110.] 
 Warren Hastings to Rob[er]t Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1770, October 12th. Fort St. George.—" Dear Sir, I wrote 
 to you two letters by the Anson, and informed you that I had 
 taken the liberty to consign two bulses of diamonds to you, 
 requesting you to sell them and pay the amount of them, of 
 one to Mrs. Hancock and of the other to Mrs. Ironside, for whose 
 use they were sent. Enclosed are duplicate bills of lading 
 and invoices of both. 
 
 " I have since received your favors of the 10th November 
 and 23rd March last, with two recommendations, which I will 
 gladly comply with as far as I am able. Mr. Morse has also 
 communicated to me, by your desire, several letters from you 
 to him and Mr. Van, for which I return you my thanks. I wish 
 I could give you any hope of the Aurora, or could form a 
 conjecture that could account for her long absence on the 
 supposition of her safety. I fear it is now impossible. 
 
 " I presented your letter to the Nabob, who received it with 
 great demonstrations of friendship both for you and for myself, 
 for which I am obliged to you. I will with great pleasure join 
 Messrs. Morse and Goodlad in the charge of your affairs whenever 
 they shall have any occasion for my assistance. They cannot 
 be in better hands than those they are now in. I am glad to 
 hear that my French bill has been received, and thank you 
 for clearing off so much of my bill due to Sumner.'^) The rest 
 I hope is by this time discharged. 
 
 " I shall write to you a second letter by this packet, and shall 
 only add in this my desire to be kindly remembered to Mrs. 
 Palk, the General and such of my friends as you shall meet with. 
 I have written a long letter to Mr. Sulivan, which I have desired 
 him to shew you. 
 
 " I am, dear Sir, your most obedient and obliged humble 
 servant, 
 
 [Holograph, 2 pp., Uo.] " Warren Hastings." 
 
 (1) Willijnii Brightwoll Sumner. Cf. No. 88, p. 118, note 1. 
 
140 
 
 [No. 111.] 
 Warren Hastings to [Robert Palk, Esqr.]. 
 
 1770, October 12th. Fort St. George.— " Dear Sir, This 
 letter requires no apology. I have been informed that his 
 Excellency*^) has written a long remonstrance either to the King 
 or to Sir J[ohn] L[indsay] for his M[ajesty]'s information, 
 containing the particulars of all the injuries, indignities and 
 losses which he has sustained from the Company and their 
 Governors since his connection with them ; that yourself and 
 Lord Pigot stand among the foremost of these, charged with 
 such high crimes and misdemeanors as, if true, would cost 
 you (to use the expression delivered me) both your heads ; and 
 that whatever had been at any time received by either of you 
 from his Excellency as pledges of his benevolence was extorted 
 from him by violence and contrary to his inclination. This 
 information I received in confidence from Mr. Brooke,'^) by 
 whose permission and desire I repeat it to you, that you may 
 be upon your "guard against the effects of such an attack, if it 
 be true that such an one is made upon you. He had it from a 
 friend, who told it to him with authority, having himself 
 received it from some of Sir J. L.'s family who had read the 
 remonstrance. I am told I am also begrimed in the same black 
 list, I am sure without cause. 
 
 " Stone has already told you that you could not expect any 
 recommendation of young Griffiths in our general letters. It 
 is peremptorily forbid. But I hope you will have interest to 
 obtain his appointment. He is a good, well tempered, decent 
 boy. He has been lately admitted into Stone's office, and is 
 as good a hand as Stone has, willing and improvable. He will 
 do credit to the service, and I heartily wish you may be able 
 to place him in it. He lives with me, is stout and healthy, 
 and advances fast towards six feet. 
 
 " We are still in peace abroad, but in open war at home. 
 General Coote is returning to England in disgust, because we 
 will not acknowledge his supremacy. Sir J. L. stays, because 
 (as I suppose) his Excellency acknowledges his supremacy. 
 Appeals will be made by both to their respective constituents, 
 and all the powers of the Company and of the Crown called upon 
 to punish us for disobedience, contumacy and rebellion. The 
 history of these contests is too long for a letter. I never was 
 concerned in any business in which I was so perfectly satisfied 
 of the propriety of my own conduct as in both these instances, 
 yet I doubt the issue of them at home. 
 
 " The Ministry will certainly support Sir J. Lindsay, and if 
 Coote's friends are in the Direction, they will justify him. Yet 
 I think it impossible to furnish reasons for either. I am very 
 uneasy at the dismal prospects which these contests afford me, 
 
 (1) Nawab Walajah. 
 
 (2) Henry Brooke. Vide No. 31, p. 51, note 2. 
 
141 [No. 111. 
 
 and more for other more alarming symptoms which I dare not 
 mention. I have been able to write onlv to Mr. Sulivan, and 
 to him I have been very explicit. 
 
 " I hope I am not unreasonable in desiring your advice and 
 information where you think cither may prove of utility to me, 
 as in a thousand instances it would be. I write this in the 
 Council Chamber, and have not time to add more, though I have 
 much that I wish to say to you. 
 
 " I am, with a real regard and esteem, dear Sir, your most 
 obedient servant, 
 
 [Holograjjh, Sh pp., Uo.] " Waeeen Hastings." 
 
 [No. 112.] 
 Reyxo[ld] Adams'^) to [Robert "Palk, Esqr.]. 
 
 1770, October 12th. Fort St. George.—" Dear Sir, . . . Mr. 
 John Palk ... is arrived safe .t has been, since he came, in 
 cantonment at Ponamallee, and is going shortly to the north- 
 ward. jMr. Thomas Palk is here and very well." I shall 
 render them every service in my power. I hope you duly 
 received the pipe of madeira which I sent you by the Britannia. 
 
 " Be pleased. Sir, to present my best compliments to Mrs. 
 Palk and to the fair Miss Nancy.*-' She may be assured that 
 her house in Fort St. George shall not be neglected, but all 
 possible care taken to preserve and keep it in good repair. . . 
 Bengal has and does groan under a most dreadful famine and 
 pestilence, which has swept off many thousands. . . The 3Ior.se 
 is not yet arrived. I understand there is a person'^' on her 
 appointed to succeed me. I hope I shall not be superceded . ." 
 
 [Holograph, 3 pp., Uo.] " Reyno- Adams." 
 
 [No. 113.] 
 Nawab Walajah to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1770, October 12th. IMadrass. — " I received your letter of 
 the 10th November, and understand the contents. Mr. Van- 
 sittart's not being heard of must give you great concern, as 
 it does me and all his friends here. General Coote also is going 
 to Bengal, so that what the Company expected from the great 
 abilities of these gentlemen coming here is come to nothing. 
 The Carnatick is as much exposed and threatened as ever. I 
 am very glad that you, the General and your family are well. 
 I wish you a continuance of health and happiness." 
 
 [Autograph cipher, 1 p., 4/o.] 
 
 [No. 114.] 
 Henry Brooke to Robert Palk, Esqr., London. 
 1770, October 12th. Fort St. George. — The mortgage bond 
 of my three houses here Avill expire in September next. I am 
 
 (n RejTiold Adams, a Madras free-merchant of 1764, was appointed Master 
 Attendant (or Harbour Master) in succession to George Baker. 
 (2/ Anne, elder daughter of Governor Palk. 
 (3) George Taswell, afterwards Master Attendant. 
 
No. 114.] 142 
 
 willing to renew for a further period of five years if we can agree 
 as to terms. 
 
 " Henry Brooke." 
 [Autograph, 1 p.. Mo.] 
 
 [No. 115.] 
 Nic[holas] Morse to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1770, October 12th. Fort St. George. — " Since what I 
 mentioned to you concerning General Coote, I have since been 
 told that he designed [to have] gone for Bengal, but that was 
 not allowed, and that [he] has now determined to proceed to 
 Europe, and the Hawke man of war [is] to land him at Bussorah, 
 who sails to-morrow. This is the news of the dav . . ." 
 
 "Nic. Morse." 
 
 [Holograph, 1 p., 4/o.] 
 
 [No. 116.] 
 
 R[ober]t D[unca]n Munro'^) to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1770, October 12th. Madras. — I thank you for your careful 
 execution of the trust placed in you by my deceased father. 
 By the death of Mr. Fergusson'^) you are left my only friend in 
 England. My mother and sister join me in good wishes for 
 yourself and family. 
 
 " RT DN MUNRO." 
 
 [Autograph, 3 pp., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 117.] 
 
 J[ohn] M[axwell] Stone to [Robert Palk, Esqr.]. 
 
 1770, October 12th. Fort St. George.—" Dear Sir, . . . Our 
 situation becomes every day more precarious. Maudavarow 
 is expected to return as soon as the season will admit in order 
 to make another attempt to reduce Hyder, who warmly solicits 
 our aid ; and the Nabob as strenuously urges our joining the 
 Morattas, notwithstanding it is evident that, if IMysore were 
 once reduced to the Moratta yoke, the Carnatic would be 
 constantly exposed to their ravages. They would soon overrun 
 the whole province with their numerous bodies of cavalry 
 without our being able to bring them to action. Our care must 
 be confined to our forts, which nnist also soon fall for want of 
 revenue to pay the troops for their defence. It should therefore 
 seem that it is not for the interest of the Carnatic that Hyder 
 should be entirely reduced, as he is the only cheek on the 
 Moratta power in these parts ; for while he is in a condition 
 to oppose them we may hope for peace. But it is to be feared 
 that he will scarce be able to withstand the force they can, and 
 probably will, bring against him. . . Although peace ought to 
 
 (1) Vide No. 33, p. 55, note 2. 
 
 (2) William Fergusson. Vide No. 3, p. 7, note 2. 
 
 I 
 
143 [No. 117. 
 
 be (Uir principal object, and we should strenuously avoid all 
 measures that may tend to involve us in war, yet, if we could 
 assist Hyder effectually, our interest as well as engagements 
 with him would lead us to do so rather than see his country 
 added to the power of the Morattas. But we have not the 
 means within ourselves, and without them it would be imprudent 
 to attempt. For want therefore of ability, we must remain 
 quiet untill we are actually attacked . . ." We had hoped 
 something from the arrival of the Commissioners, but it is 
 feared that some fatal accident has befallen their ship. 
 
 " To increase our perplexity and embarrassments we have 
 lately been engaged in very disagreeable altercations with Sir 
 John Lindsay and General Coote . . . On Sir John Lindsay's 
 arrival the letters and presents from their Majestys were, 
 agreeable to the Company's orders, delivered to him to be 
 presented to the Nabob. He soon after took an opportunity 
 of acquainting the Governor with the plenipotentiary powers 
 with which he was invested by the King to treat with the Princes 
 of India. His first application to the Board was for them to 
 attend him in the delivery of the letters and presents to the 
 Nabob. This the Board declined, since their acquiescence 
 would have degraded this Government into a mere attendant, 
 and which would not fail lessening its authority in the eyes of 
 the country Powers . . . Sir John Lindsay then required to be 
 put in possession of our original proceedings, or authenticated 
 copies of them, with respect to the Nabob, the Soubah and other 
 Powers of India since the conclusion of the Treaty of Paris, to 
 enable him to make a faithfull report to His Majesty of the rise 
 and progress of the war with the Soubah and Hyder Ally. In 
 answer to which he was told that the whole of our proceedings 
 were transmitted to the Company, to whom application might 
 be made in a regular and proper manner ; that Ave had no 
 authority to expose the records of the Company to the inspection 
 of any individual, and which our oaths and covenants to the 
 Company prevented us from doing. He at last, in the course 
 of his correspondence, required the counsel and advice of the 
 Board to enable him to treat with the Powers of India ; and 
 offered the sanction of His Majesty's name to give weight to 
 our negotiations. To which it was replied that we had all 
 reason to believe the Company were entirely unacquainted with 
 the powers with which he was invested ; that we understood 
 from the publiek papers and pamphlets that the Ministry did 
 apply to the Court of Directors to give the Commander of His 
 Majesty's ships in India a seat and voice in their councils 
 abroad ; that this proposal was laid before a Court of Proprietors 
 and formally rejected. That we could not therefore agree to 
 what our constituents had refused. This, my dear Sir, is a brief 
 recital of what hath passed with respect to Sir John Lindsay. 
 I shall only add that we begin to feel very sensibly the ill effects 
 of these very extraordinary and unprecedented powers ; and if 
 
No. 117.] 144 
 
 the Company do not take some measures very speedyly, they 
 may bid farewell to all influence and consequence in India. 
 
 " I come to General Coote, who arrived here very full of the 
 powers granted him by his commission of Commander-in-Chief, 
 which I must acquaint you is exactly the same as that granted 
 to General Lawrence. He has indeed, by the Company's orders, 
 a power of calling for returns from the several Presidencies, 
 and is authorized to form a general plan of discipline for the 
 whole. The first difficulty which occurred was the manner in 
 which he should be given out in orders. The Board would not 
 consent to his being given out simply as Commander-in-Chief, 
 since the Governor's commission as Commander-in-Chief must 
 thereby be abrogated. It was therefore proposed that the 
 Company's orders of February, 1766, (wherein the powers of 
 the Governor are fully, clearly and positively laid down . . .) 
 should be given out at the same time. To this General Coote 
 objected. . . It was then proposed that circular letters should 
 be wrote by the Board to the several commanding officers, 
 directing them to make returns to General Coote in the same 
 manner as to the Governor, and for them and all others to obey 
 him as their superior officer. This General Coote approved, 
 and letters were wrote' accordingly." Shortly afterwards he 
 put forward a plan for the seniority and promotion of officers 
 and their distribution to commands, which, as it ignored the 
 control and approbation of Government, was rejected. The 
 question as to the superiority of his or the Governor's commission 
 was decided in favour of the latter. " General Coote then 
 withdrew, and declared his resolution of remaining here in a 
 private station untill he could receive the sentiments of the 
 other Presidencies respecting his commission. We have sent 
 a particular account of the above correspondence to Bengali, 
 to which place General Coote purposed proceeding ; but he has 
 since altered his resolution, and embarks to-morrow on the 
 Hawke sloop of war, which Sir John Lindsay has lent him, in 
 order to go to Bussorah, and from there over-land to England. 
 His sudden arrival will no doubt have a strange effect in 
 Leaden Hall Street. A short letter is, however, now wrote to 
 the Company to go by the same way, advising them thereof, 
 and desiring them to suspend their judgment till the arrival 
 of the Larpwing. 
 
 " I have thus, my dear Sir, given you as particular an account 
 of our situation as time will admit ; and I believe you will 
 readily allow that, what with Morattas, Hyder, Sir John 
 Lindsay and General Coote, we have had trouble and vexation 
 enough ..." 
 
 "J. M. Stone." 
 [Holograph, 9 pji., fiscp.] 
 
 I 
 
145 
 
 [No. 118.] 
 
 W[illiam] M[arttn] Goodlad to [RoRERT Palk, Esqr.]. 
 
 1770, October 12th.— " My dear Friend . . . We still continue 
 in peace, but how long it will last I think is very uncertain. 
 It appears to nie that the neutral part we have hitherto pursued 
 cannot much longer be supported. The Marattas will not let 
 us be quiet, and our situation is altogether exceedingly critical. 
 We are surrounded with difficulties, and those of a nature which 
 it appears impossible to surmount. The Nabob is totally 
 changed. Presents and letters from the King have turned his 
 brain. He looks for support from thence, and the friendship 
 of the Company seeins scarcely a consideration with him. He 
 shews himself every day more independant, and hence springs 
 our grand obstacle. He has an inveterate enmity against 
 Hyder, and wishes to overthrow him even at the ruin of himself. 
 If we must take part in the Mysore quarrel, we ought doubtless 
 to make Hyder our friend — he is the only barrier against the 
 Marattas ; but the Nabob will not hear of it, and prefers the 
 Council at any rate to join the Marattas to effect the overthrow 
 of the other, though it is evident that the Carnatic will next 
 fall a prey to them. To join Hyder by ourselves is 
 impracticable : to support the Marattas is impolitic to the last 
 degree. If we could remain as hitherto it would be well, but 
 I must say that I have scarcely a doubt but that in three months 
 the scene will be totally altered. We are bound to see it out. 
 But this is only one of our difficulties. 
 
 " Sir John Lindsay arrived here in July, and to our great 
 astonishment declared himself Ambassador and Plenipotentiary 
 from his Majesty to treat with the Princes of India. Such secret, 
 independant and unprecedented powers are truely alarming. 
 The Company (as we imagine) wholely unacquainted with their 
 existance, had been entirely silent on the subject, and the 
 Governor and Council were obliged to withstand the attacks 
 of the Plenipo, and support the cause of their constituents, 
 uninstructed by them in the smallest degree . . . The Company's 
 loss of inffiience is every day more visible, and the most trifling 
 exertion of Sir John's authority will render them cyphers 
 indeed ... To me it appears that Sir John's powers strike 
 at the very root of the Company's existance. 
 
 " I have told you . . . how totally the Nabob is changed. 
 You will naturally conclude that the Ambassador's presence 
 tends not a little to widen the breach with the Company. E^^ery 
 action, every letter from him breathes independance with 
 respect to the Company, and reliance for support on the Crown. 
 Judge then of our situation. We are not the same beings as 
 when you left us. 
 
 " But the discription of difficulties does not end here. 
 General Coote came amongst us as Commander in Chief of all 
 the forces in India under the respective Presidencies. As such 
 he thought himself supreme and independant, and refused to 
 
 K 
 
No. 118.] 146 
 
 submit to the approbation of the Council matters which have 
 ever been within their immediate province. He regarded his 
 commission as superior to that of the Governor, and the 
 arrangement of officers as depending on himself alone. The 
 Governor, who, you well know, bears a commission of 
 Commander in Chief ; who the Company have declared to be 
 their superior military officer ; who was clearly pointed out 
 as such when the old General and you were amongst us, could 
 not depart from his authority : he had it not in his power to 
 relinquish the trust reposed in him. Dissentions ensued ; the 
 point of seniority became the subject of debate. The Council 
 were unanimous in giving it to the Governor. General Coote 
 refused to act, retired as a private gentleman, and is now'on his 
 way to Bengal ..." 
 
 What the intentions of the Company were in giving the General 
 his commission it is hard to say. Time will show. " The 
 command of the military must rest in the Board or, if seperated, 
 our system must be wholely altered, for the direction of military 
 and political matters cannot be divided : they are inseperable. 
 Take away one, and you must take the other ; and consequently 
 the Council, though charged with the protection of the Carnatic, 
 become mere providers of long cloth ordinary." 
 
 13th October. — Coote has since decided on going to Europe, 
 and the Hawke, sloop, conveys him to Basra. The Bengal 
 Council are understood to approve our action in regard to both 
 the Genera] and Sir John Lindsay. 
 
 " I have said above that the Nabob is totally changed. An 
 instance this moment occurs to prove that he will do every 
 thing in his power to represent the servants of the Company 
 in the worst colours. You remember the orders from home 
 about reducing the interest to 10 per cent. They were positive, 
 and directed the dismission of all who should lend at an higher 
 rate. His Excellency has just wrote a letter to the Board 
 representing that Charles Smith, (^' Monckton,*^) &c. (without 
 mentioning other names) have lent money in the Jaguire*^' at 
 the accumulating interest of 54 per cent, per annum, which 
 he, to preserve the Companies possessions from utter riiin, has 
 made good to them at his own immediate expence. The charge 
 is heavy : that the money was lent is certain, and that the 
 orders of the Company are positive is equally so. It may 
 possibly go hard with them : but will you believe me when I 
 tell you that this money was absolutely lent with the Nabob's 
 
 (1) diaries Smith, a Madras civil servant of 1764, was in Council twenty years 
 later. On the suspension of Whiteliill in 1780 he served as provisional Governor 
 until Macartney's arrival. He niai-ried first Elizabetli Carvalho in 1702, and 
 secfjndly Francos Law in 1772. 
 
 (2) The Hon. Mdward Monckton, who entered the Madras c'wW service in 1762, 
 conducted a mission to Quedah ten years later. He married Sophia, elder daugjhter 
 of Lord Pigot, in 177(5. 
 
 (3) The Conipany's .Tagliire (from Pers. and Hind, jdglr, an assignment of land) 
 comprised gi-ants of territory made by Nawali Muhammad Ali in 17.5(1, 1756 
 and 1703. The area- embraced the greater part of the present Chingleput District. 
 
147 [No. 118. 
 
 consent, and that there is the strongest presumptive proof that 
 it was aetually borrowed by himself ! Tis scarcely credible ! 
 But a charge like this is nuts to an Ambassador, and a noble 
 bone for tlie Ministry to get hold of against the Company and 
 their servants ..." 
 
 No payments liave been made to the Nawab's creditors. 
 The Commissioners have instructions, but they, alas, have not 
 been heard of since they left the Cape. 
 
 " Taken all in all, our situation is critical indeed. The 
 Council, I think, were never so responsible for their conduct as 
 at this juncture ; the Nabob doing every thing to thwart them ; 
 a Government spy picking holes in their coat on every occasion, 
 and the Commander of the Army bellowing out vengeance 
 because he cannot be supreme. They have need of every 
 support at home. If they meet with it, matters may again 
 be conducted in their former channel. If they fall, a great 
 remove must take place, for they are unanimous in their conduct. 
 Desirous as -I am of distinguishing myself in the Company's 
 service, it would concern me to rise by such a step. I shall 
 wait this and other great events with a becoming patience . . . 
 
 " Every thing is quiet in Bengal, but the most terrible famine 
 ever known has raged throughout the provinces for many 
 months. Calcutta itself has felt the dreadfull effects of it, and 
 when the last letters came away the dead were still laying in 
 heaps about the streets. This has naturally made Calcutta 
 very sickly to the Europeans, and indeed great mmibers have 
 been carried off. Tis asserted that more than two millions 
 have been swept away in the different provinces. We have 
 also been very sickly here, and the liver has prevailed more 
 than I ever remember it before. Charles Westcott'^' was carried 
 off by it, and many others have been in great danger. Captain 
 Frazer'^) is at last no more. 
 
 " Your nephew Tom and his cousins are all well. Snelling'^' 
 has had the money advanced him which you desired, and a 
 trifle more. I have got him to Pallamcotah, where George 
 Brown**> will take care of him : he is a promising young man . . . 
 The affair which you entrusted to Moodu Kistnah and me shall 
 very shortly be adjusted ... I now enclose you a bill for £400, 
 being the money given by the Nabob to Withecombe's 
 friends ..." 
 
 " W. M. GOODLAD. 
 
 [Holograph, 10 pp., 4to.] 
 
 (1) Charles Westcott, a free merchant of 1768, died in September, 1770. 
 
 (2) Captain Robert Fraser died in May, 1770. 
 
 (3) J. Snelling. Vide No. 87, p. 115. 
 
 (4) Captain George Brown commanded a l)attalion of native infantry in the 
 first Mysore war, and was present at the battles of Changama and Trinomalai. 
 In 1780, as Lieut. Colonel, lie conducted a Madras force to Surat to join General 
 Goddard's expedition to Guzerat ; and in the following year he commanded a 
 brigade in the second battle of Polihir under Sir Eyre Coote. 
 
148 
 
 [No. 119.] 
 Rob[er]t Palk to [William Martin Goodlad]. 
 
 1770, December 7th. Received 11th July, 1771, per 
 Hursenden. — ^" My dear Billy, I have both your letters of the 
 6th February and 8th April. '^> I have been long a stranger to 
 the politics in Leadenhall Street, but I could never have con- 
 ceived the giving up of the Circars to be a part of them, and 
 hope they are wiser than to entertain such a notion, since most 
 of the force may be drawn from them upon occasion, and still 
 Masulipatam, Ganjam, &c., be preserved. 
 
 " I am disquieted beyond measure about the safety of the 
 Aurora, and begin almost to despair of it . . . 
 
 " You do well, my friend, to interest yourself so deeply in 
 the Company's prosperity, and I doubt not in due time your 
 thorough knowledge of their affairs will be amply rewarded. 
 
 " The Nabob's creditors' agents have hitherto made little 
 stir in their commission, most of them as individuals being 
 inclined to do as you and others have done in India, and expect 
 justice from the Company, who in the end will certainly give 
 their assistance . . . 
 
 " You reason very justly on the subject of Colonel Wood's 
 dismission, and I wonder the Governor and Council did not, 
 to silence all clamor, make known their reasons for disagreeing 
 with the Court martial and dismissing the Colonel. I have 
 long entertained the same opinion with you of Call : from the 
 moment the conquest of Misore was projected I foresaw the 
 impracticability of the wild plan and dreaded the event, and 
 was heartily sorry our friend B. had so readily submitted his 
 own judgment to such an extravagant idea. That sore is now 
 in some measure healed, and if you could avoid taking part 
 with Hyder or the Marattas, I think we shall soon arrive at 
 our former prospect of prosperity. 
 
 " Mr. Bourchier was very well received by the Court of 
 Directors, and having no party to support or enemies to contend 
 with, I think he will very happily enjoy the fruit of his labors 
 among those he loves . . . His father,*^) after living to see his 
 sons so happily returned, expired in their arms last week . . , . 
 
 " We are preparing with all our might for war with Spain, 
 whose Ambassador, however, having full powers to settle the 
 dispute, wc have some reason to expect an accommodation, 
 more especially as the French are not prepared for war, their 
 finances being undoubtedly in a much worse state than ours, 
 and their country laboring under a prodigious scarcity of grain 
 and a bad vintage. 
 
 " Little Dickf'^) is all ready for imbarking . . . No contest 
 this year for Directors. Opposition has been crushed with a 
 
 (1) Nos. 91 and 96. 
 
 (2) Richard Bourchier, a " seafaring man " of Madras, was appointed Chief at 
 Anjonf^o in 1713, and suliscquonlly became Governor of Bombay. 
 
 ('i) Kicliard Uoodhid, brother of W. M. Goodlad. 
 
149 [No. 119. 
 
 vengeance, and they make Sulivan the a7?iende honorable by 
 readmitting him to their society in April : indeed it seems 
 necessary that there should be somebody there a little 
 acquainted with India matters ... I am always, my dear Billy, 
 your sincere, affectionate and obliged friend, 
 
 " RoBT. Palk." 
 
 [P.S.]— " Thank ye for the bill of lOOl. 
 
 " 12th December, — Alas, my friend, it is but too true that you 
 had no accounts of the Aurora the 14th June. Our only small 
 hopes now are on Batavia, or that after attempting the Coast 
 she is gone to the Maldivias or Bengal. 
 
 " Two days since I was surprized^ with an intended appoint- 
 ment of a Mr. Stewart(^) to be Secretary at Madras. I 
 acquainted Mrs. Goodlad, and we are trying to prevail on our 
 friends that you may at least have it in your option to remain 
 your own time. They say they mean no ill to you, but the 
 contrary, but that this same gentleman, whom I know not, 
 must be provided for." 
 
 [Holograph, J^^ pp., 4>to.] 
 
 [No. 120.] 
 
 Rob[er]t Palk to W[illia]m M[artin] Goodlad, Fort St. 
 
 George. 
 
 1770, December 13th. London. Received June 1771, by 
 Mr. Ley. — " Dear Billy, The bearer, Mr. Ley of the Ponsborne, 
 being a particular friend, I request your notice of him and 
 advising him of any thing that may be of benefit to him in his 
 vovage. Yours most sincerely, 
 
 " RoBT. Palk." 
 [Holograph, \p.. Mo. Wax seal with crest, defaced.] 
 
 [No. 121.J 
 Rob[er]t Palk to Mrs. Goodlad. 
 
 1771, January 4th. Haldon House. — " Dear Madam, Finding 
 Mr. Bourchier's letter in my possession, 'tis proper to return it 
 to you, as you may think necessary to send it to Billy. 
 
 " I have talked to several of the Directors on this subject, 
 and most of them know nothing of the matter, and all seem 
 well inclined to be well pleased and satisfyed with the present 
 Secretary ; but as Mr. Bourehier thinks Billy wants to be 
 relieved from the post, we must rest satisfyed that they will 
 recommend at least his being taken care of. Mr. Bourehier, 
 however, I think must be mistaken that the Governor and 
 Council have requested a perpetual Secretary, for I think Mr. 
 Du Pre and every Governor would chuse to keep the appoint- 
 ment of so material an assistant to himself. However this be, 
 
 '1' John Stewart (or Stuart). Vide No. 256, p. 252, note 3. 
 
No. 121.] 150 
 
 I have no doubt of Billy's deserving the attention of the 
 Directors, and if wrong is done him in this instance they 
 must make amends. 
 
 " I am come here from Berkshire for a few days all alone. I 
 wish you and all yours most heartily many, many happy new 
 years ; and by the help of pressing, and bad weather, may yet 
 return soon enough to see Mr. Richard before he imbarks. If 
 I should not, pray give him my sincerest wishes. 
 
 " I am always, dear Madam, your faithful and obliged humble 
 servant, 
 
 " RoBT. Palk." 
 
 [Holograjjh, 1^ p., Mo.] 
 
 [No. 122.] 
 Reyno[ld] Adams to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1771, January 21st. Fort St. George. — Received 12th July. 
 " Dear Sir, . . Mr. and Mrs. Morse are both well but much 
 afflicted, as well as myself, at the non-arrival of the Aurora, 
 which we are much affraid leaves very little hope of her safety, 
 notwithstanding the supposition of her having gone to the 
 Brazils . . . Mr. Tom Palk and his two cousins to the north- 
 ward are well . . . One Mr. Taswell, who, I apprehend, you have 
 heard of, is come out to succeed me in my employ,'^) and I hear 
 is arrived at Bombay. This, I am informed, is in consequence 
 of a report that I was about to come home, though I never 
 dropped a hint of such a thing, nor can I entertain any thoughts 
 of that sort for some years to come." I hope you will prevent 
 my supersession. 
 
 Captain Madge is anxious that the collections on account of 
 Captain Cranch's estate should be remitted. Two methods 
 offer ; Company's bills at 8,§. 5d. per pagoda payable in three 
 years without interest, or private bills at 7s. 4fZ. from Pelling 
 and de Fries payable in 90 days. The former method appears 
 the more favourable, but as cash must be paid in dollars, which 
 are hard to procure, I am remitting by private bill. 
 
 " Reyno- Adams." 
 
 [Holograph, 3| jjp., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 123.] 
 Tho[mas] Palk to [Robert Palk, Esqr.]. 
 
 1771, January 22nd. Fort St. George. Received 12th 
 July. — I have not time to write, as the ship Houghton sails 
 to-day and I have much to do. " My brother Bob is married, 
 of which I imagine he has acquainted you with. My love to 
 Mrs. P. and family. Your most dutifull, &c., nephew, 
 
 "Thomas Palk." 
 
 [Holograph, 1 p., Uo.] 
 
 (1) As Master Attendant, i.e., Harbour Master, at Madras. 
 
151 
 
 [No. 124.] 
 Ensign J|ohn] Palk to [Robert Palk, Esqr.]. 
 
 1771, February 2nd. Camp near Samulcotah. — " Sir, After 
 the great kinesses and civilitys I received from you while in 
 London it would be ingrateful in me should I omit any oppor- 
 tunity of letting you hear from me. . . We sailed from Spithead 
 the 11th of January with a fair wind that earried us elear of 
 the Channel and to the Island Madeira in three weeks. We 
 stopped there 10 days, during which time I found the place 
 very agreable, the English merchants residing there being very 
 hospitable people. 
 
 " After having sailed from Madeira we had a pleasant passage 
 untill doubling the Cape of Good Hope, where we meet with 
 severe weather and were harassed about for some weeks, in 
 which time we had the misfortune to loose several topmasts 
 and to have our rigging damaged much, so that it was no small 
 satisfaction to all on board to double that dangerous promontory. 
 We had a very pleasant passage the remaining part of the time 
 we stayed on board ship, and arrived at Johanna*^) the 25th 
 of May. On our landing we found the island very pleasant and 
 agreable. Having stopped there five days, we sailed for 
 Madrass and landed safe on the 30th of June to the great joy 
 of all the passengers. I was much surprised to find the Super- 
 visors had not been seen on the Coast nor heard of, and am sorry 
 to tell you that they are now given over for lost . . . 
 
 " On my landing I meet with my cousin, who behaved very 
 kind and genteel to me. . . The letter you was so kind as to 
 give me to Mr. Dupre, after several applications got me changed 
 from General Coote's regiment at Poonamallee that was formed 
 of this year's recruits, where I was first appointed, into Captain 
 Madge's battallion of seapoys at Samulcotah. I am very much 
 pleased with the situation, and likewise with my commanding 
 officer, who, I find, is worthy of the great character I have heard 
 given him in England. 
 
 " I have not seen my brother yet, but expect to see him in a 
 few days, as he is coming down from Condapillee in order to 
 join these six companies that are encamped near Samulcotah, 
 waiting for orders to march against the Totapillee Rajah, who 
 refuses to comply with the Company's demands in paying his 
 tribute. It is thought we shall have a despirate service of it, 
 as we shall be obliged to pursue them over the mountains, 
 which are very unhealthy, and where Europeans never were 
 before. 
 
 " General Coote behaved very kind to me, and I believe 
 would have done anything to serve me ; but his power here was 
 very little on account of the Governor and Council, who took 
 every step in their power to thwart his designs. A story prevails 
 here that he is comming out again. I could wish it were true. 
 
 (1) One of the Comoro Islands in the Mozambique Channel. 
 
No. 124.] 152 
 
 " At present every thing is quiet at the southward. There 
 was a Morattoe war expected this season in the Carnatic, but 
 I beheve at this time it is all hushed up, I am, Sir, with the 
 greatest respect, your much obliged and most humble servant, 
 
 "J. Palk." 
 
 [Holograph, 2\ pp., Mo. Wax seal with Palk arms and crest.] 
 
 [No. 125.] 
 Chocapah to the Honourable Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1771, February 5th. Fort St. George. — The Merchants have 
 delivered a great part of the goods for the Company's Investment. 
 In Bengal there has been good rain and grain is fairly cheap, 
 though trade is bad. The news from Manila is that our people 
 have sold the " blue goods," but could not dispose of the 
 " paintings'^) and chey goods. "(2) At Pondicherry affairs are 
 stationary through want of money. 
 
 " Madavarave with his large force came as far as the river 
 Kistna. His intention was to distroy Hyder first, then to 
 trouble us for money if we don't give him assistance ; but in 
 the meantime he had some family disputes, which obliged him 
 to return back to his country. . . Hyder is at Mysore, and 
 unable to beat off the Marattys that are in his country. . . I 
 can do nothing with Jangama Chitty. He is very poor, and 
 remains in prison for money due to Mr. Lewen Smith ..." 
 
 " Chocapah." 
 
 [Autograph, 1^ p., flscp.] 
 
 [No. 126.] 
 W[illiam] M[artin] Goodlad to R[obert] Palk, Esqr. 
 1771, February 7th. Fort St. George. — " His Excellency 
 [i.e. the Nawab] seems rather more reconciled to his old friends. 
 This, however, is regarded as a mere temporising scheme till 
 he can see what turn affairs will take at home. We are in 
 peace, and I think have nothing to fear during 1771. The 
 Nabob has promised to pay 10 lacks to his creditors during 
 the year . . ." 
 
 " W. M. Goodlad." 
 [Holograph, 1 p., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 127.] 
 Tho[mas] Palk to Rob[er]t Palk, Esqr. 
 1771, February 8th. Fort St. George. — " I continue still 
 in Mr. Goodlad's office, the business of which I do with a great 
 deal of ease to myself, and I hope with a deal of satisfaction 
 to my Secretary. The Carnatic at present remains very quiet, 
 but the Morattoes have lately demanded the assistance of our 
 arms ; who have been refused . . . The Morattoes are now this 
 
 (1) Paintings, i.e., chintz coloured by hand or stamped with wood blocks. 
 
 (2) Chey, chay, from Tarn, saya, a plant whose root furnishes a fine red dye. 
 
153 [No. 127. 
 
 side the Kliistna and will very shortly move, 'tis feared, towards 
 the Cariuitic. They have earried their conquests a great way 
 into the Mysore country, having plundered and destroyed the 
 country to the very gates of his capital, and Ilyder remains 
 shut up in Seringapatam . . . 
 
 " I make no doubt but ray brother has long since acquainted 
 you with his change of life. I have received many very pressing 
 invitations to visit them, which I intend to do, and go down 
 in one of the September ships. All my country men in the 
 military are well, and very fine young fellows. My friend Major 
 Fitz-Gerald takes his passage on the Van-Sittart, who was 
 always kind to me ..." 
 
 "Tho. Palk." 
 
 [Holograph, 4 pp., Mo.] 
 
 [No. 128.] 
 
 Tho[mas] Pai-k to Rob[er]t Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1771, February 8th. On board the Vansittart.^—luetter of 
 introduction for Major Thomas FitzGerald.'^' 
 [Holograph, 2 pp., 4fo.] 
 
 [No. 129.] 
 Lieut. Thomas Palk to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1771, February 26th. Camp at Ragapatam. — I was relieved 
 at Condapilly in January, and on the 9th February I joined 
 Captain Madge at Samulcotah. He took the field against some 
 refractory poligars. " On the 20th we left Samalcottah with 
 6 companies of seapoys*and 2 guns against the Polygars who had 
 occasioned the rupture, and are now advanced 50 miles into 
 their country, which is the most romantic I ever saw, being 
 covered with high mountains intercepted with pleasant valleys, 
 where are fine villages abounding with plenty of grain. The 
 Rajah of the country on hearing of our approach fled to his 
 strong holds further in among the hills. We have meet with 
 no opposition as yet from any of his people ; on the contrary, 
 numbers have excepted [sic\ of the company's cowl,*^' and put 
 themselves under our protection ... so that in all probability 
 the country will be soon settled and the Rajah drove out of it . . . 
 
 " By the last accounts from Bengali it is reported that 
 iiostilities are commenced between Surajah Dowla'^' and the 
 Company . . . General Coote left India last November very 
 much dissatisfied with the reception he meet with from the 
 President and Council at Madrass . . . 
 
 " My brother was appointed to this battalion in November 
 last and joyned Captain Madge at Samalcotah soon after, who 
 has behaved excessive kind to him. He has made him a present 
 
 (1) Vide No. 144. p. 156. 
 
 (2' Coiol. Vide No. 14, p. 18, note 10. 
 
 (3) Shuja-iid-daula, Nawab Vizier of Oudh. 
 
No. 129.] 154 
 
 of a horse and shewed him many other civiUties ... I have 
 been honoured with but one letter from you since your return 
 to England. I seldom miss an opportunity of writing you, 
 and should think myself highly honoured were I to hear oftner 
 in return ..." 
 
 [Holograph, 3 pp., Uo.] " Thomas Palk.' 
 
 »j 
 
 [No. 130.] 
 
 Robert Palk to Messrs. Stone and Goodlad, Secretaries at 
 Fort St. George. 
 
 1771, March 14th. London. — " Gentlemen, I beg leave to 
 recommend to you Mr. Willet, Secretary to Sir Robert Harland,(i' 
 who being quite a stranger, your notice and assistance will be 
 of much use to him. I cannot think or write much on other 
 matters in this state of great uncertaintv of the Aurora's safety." 
 
 " RoBT. Palk." 
 
 [Holograph, 1 p., Mo. Wax seal, device defaced.] 
 
 [No. 131.] 
 Chocapah to the Honorable Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1771, March 23rd. Fort St. George. — There are reports 
 from England via Basra that war is about to break out in 
 Europe. Our Manila ship has arrived, bringing upwards of 
 200,000 dollars. Half as much again was sent to China on 
 Madras account. 
 
 " The Nabob made a grand wedding for his elder son,'^' and 
 is going to make another wedding to his second son.*^' The 
 wedding was very expencive and with, the greatest pomp and 
 magnificence. We think we shall have no trouble at all with 
 the Marrattys this year ; and there are now some disputes 
 arrising between the Nabob and the Kingof Tonjore, but I hope 
 this will be made up in an amicable manner." 
 
 The Merchants have fulfilled the Investment contract. Most 
 of the goods have been delivered into the Company's warehouse, 
 and the balance is ready for sorting. 
 
 [Autograph, 1 p., flscp.] " Chocapah." 
 
 [No. 132.] 
 Custoory and Casavah to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 1771, March 25th. Fort St. George. — Our family has sus- 
 tained a great loss by the death of " our poor Rama Kisna " <*' 
 on the 9th February. Our chief anxiety is to preserve his 
 Charity Choultry, and we beg you to write to Mr. Hastings 
 about it. 
 
 [1^ p., Uo.] " Custoory and Casavah. 
 
 55 
 
 (1) Admiral Sir Robert Harland, Bt., succeeded Sir John Lindsay, arriving at 
 Madras in September, 1771. 
 
 (2) Umdat-ul-Umara. 
 
 (3) Amir-ul-Umara. 
 
 (4) Cf. No. 77, p. 104. 
 
155 
 
 [No. 133.] 
 W[illiam] M[artin] Goodlad to I Robert Palk, Esqr.]. 
 
 1771, March 2Gth. Fort St. George. — I have received your 
 letter of the 16th June,<^> and rejoice that Mr. Boiirchier's 
 reception was friendly. Your remarks about Calland are just : 
 he will probably return here this year. 
 
 " His Excellency has promised to pay ten lacks of his debt 
 in the course of the year, and the whole in fourteen months 
 should peace continue . . When you express your surprise 
 that the Governor and Council ever gave their sanction to the 
 Assignment, I know not what to make of you, for the Assignment 
 was actually made during your government. It bears date the 
 1st January, 1767, and the letter from the Nabob promising 
 such Assignment was received in the month preceding, so that 
 you were consenting. This circumstance, I imagine, must have 
 escaped your memory." 
 
 I have written to Mr. Purling as you suggested, and hope he 
 may get my brother Richard to Bengal this year. 
 
 " Although your last letter is silent on the subject of the 
 person*-) concerning whom you wrote to Moodu Kistnah and 
 me . . , I have lately had an interview with him. The terms 
 are settled agreeable to your recommendation, and by the next 
 ship I shall write you the particulars. I have not yet drawn 
 on Mr. Morse on this account. Every thing has been managed 
 as you could wish, and nothing will transpire. 
 
 " By great good management we still continue in peace, but 
 we are surrounded with embarassments, and you cannot 
 conceive a Government more harassed and perplexed. But 
 for unanimity amongst ourselves every thing would be in the 
 utmost confusion. In this respect we are happy, and have 
 men of ability at the head of affairs. The Marattas and Hyder 
 still continue hard at it, and though the latter has lately suffered 
 a considerable defeat, he is not rendered incapable of prolonging 
 the war and giving them infinite trouble. This may probably 
 prevent their molesting us for some time, though we are not 
 without our apprehensions, for the late conduct of Tanjour 
 indicates a promise of support from some quarter, and we know 
 not whence it can come but from them. He has lately marched 
 a very large force against the Marawar,'^' and even laid siege 
 to the capital (Ramanadaporum). A compromise then ensued, 
 and he has returned to Tanjour. Though necessity obliged 
 us to look on upon this occasion, we were by no means silent, 
 and it is said that the Rajah's return was owing to our letters ; 
 but this will never serene him. The Treaty of 1762 with Tanjour 
 obliges us to support the cause of the Nabob. Marawar is 
 his tributary, and an attack might as well have been made upon 
 
 (1) Vide No. 98, p. 129. 
 
 (2) Royala Punt or Rajah Pundit. Cf. No. 70, p. 97, and No. 78, />. 108. 
 '^) The Marawar. Vide No. 19, ji. 26, note 2. 
 
No. 133.] 156 
 
 the Carnatic. Preparations have accordingly been made for 
 calhng him to account. Joe Smith* i) is gone for Trichenopoly, 
 and unless his Rajahship makes very humble submissions, blows 
 must ensue. But this is a most critical business. Circumstances 
 are not wanting to render it dangerous at any rate. If we 
 commence hostilities, we lay open to the Marattas ; Fazul Beg 
 Cawn'-) threatens the Circars, and advices from Bussera give 
 us reason to expect a national war. If we continue quiet, the 
 Nabob's Government is calmly suffered to be invaded ; we are 
 wanting in attention to the Treaty of Paris, which ensures the 
 jjeace of the Carnatic ; and the natural conclusion is that, were 
 the Carnatic itself attacked, we should be equally passive. 
 These are ministerial speeches from the mouth of our Minister 
 Plenipotentiary. He has lately wrote a letter accusing us of 
 this latter conduct. The answer is : — ' We account to our 
 superiors for what we do ' ; and my gentleman is left just as 
 wise as he was before. The N[abob]'s conduct has latterly 
 born more the appearance of confidence in us than it has before 
 since Sir John's arrival, but it is evident to me that he is merely 
 temporising. Matters cannot much longer continue in this 
 state. The orders from home must be decisive one way or the 
 other. Our authority and influence must be restored, or we 
 must be reduced as formerly to mere providers of long cloth 
 ordinary. 
 
 " In Bengal matters look threatening. A brigade is watching 
 the Marattas : Cossim'^* has collected a rabble of Pitans and 
 Rohillas with some disciplined seapoys under a soldier of 
 fortune, and is now to the northward of Delli, prepared to 
 join the Morattas should they invade the provinces. The 
 generality of people suspect that war must shortly ensue. 
 
 " From this sketch (run off in an hurry) you will be able to 
 form some judgment of the present posture of affairs — Nabob, 
 Plenipo, Tan jour, Marattas, Fazul Beg Cawn, Bengal — the letters 
 from the Court totally unconfidential, and the Council left 
 entirely without orders to guide them. Can you call to your 
 recollection circumstances half so intricate ? Our friend 
 Bourchier would have sunk under the weight of them. Du 
 Pre, though indefatigable, is almost harassed to death ; Hastings 
 knows not which way to turn himself, and the Secretaries (for 
 I am employed in all departments) have not a moment that they 
 dare call their own. Glorious times ! Happy circumstances ! . . ." 
 
 "W. M. GOODLAD." 
 
 " P.S. 12 at night. — I have with much concern received 
 intelligence just now that Lieut. Thomas Palk died at Ellore 
 the 20th instant ..." 
 
 [Holograph, 7 ])p., 4>to.] 
 
 (1) General Joseph Smith. 
 
 (2) Fazil Beg Kliau, tlie Nizam's hakhshi. 
 
 (3) Kasim Ali Khan. Vide Xo. 92, p. 122, note 2. 
 
157 
 
 [No. 134.] 
 Rob[er]t Palk to [William Martin Goodlad]. 
 
 1771, April 2nd. London. — " My dear Billy, "I have received 
 your letter of the 12th and 1.3tli Oetobcr.*^) " I suppose we 
 shall hear more of the contents of thcni when Coote arrives : 
 hitherto he has not been heard of. The Court of Directors 
 judged they had given him the same powers with General 
 Lawrence ; but as there is hardly amongst the Directors any 
 who consider these matters attentively or endeavor to make 
 themselves masters of the Company's affairs, such jarring orders 
 and resolutions must always be the consequence. I was 
 amazed when I heard they had appointed Coote to sit as one 
 of the Commissioners. I took an opportunity to remonstrate 
 against the measure, and I thought they had altered it . . . 
 They are now, I hear, sending up a remonstrance to the King 
 against his intermeddling, and I suppose the commanding 
 officer will be told not to interfere, because the natural con- 
 sequence must be the destruction of the Company's authority. 
 They talk, I hear, of sending out more Commissioners, but I 
 know not where they are to look for them." 
 
 I told you of the intention to send out a Mr. Stewart as*^) 
 Secretary. This I was able to prevent, and I said much in 
 your favour. Hastings has been proposed for Bengal, and I 
 supported him, but Mr. Rumbold's'-^* interest appears to 
 prevail. 
 
 " The loss of the Aurora , for I now give her entirely up, is a 
 most severe stroke indeed to all this family. Henry VanSittart 
 goes a Writer to Bengal in the Colehrooke. I hope you correspond 
 fully with Mr. Purling, who, I find, is to be the next Chairman. 
 For once there is to be no contest at the next election. Sulivan 
 comes in singly with the consent of all parties. I should have 
 thought, after all that is passed and in such times as these, 
 he had better have relinquished so troublesome and, to him, 
 so very unprofitable an employ. However, it is to him the 
 summum bonum . . ." 
 
 Robt- Palk. 
 
 55 
 
 [Holograph, 3| pp., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 135.] 
 Colonel Gilbert Ironside'^' to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 1771, April 7th. Fort William.—" Sir, I cannot let the 
 earliest occasion escape of rendering my sincerest acknowledge- 
 ments for your polite and friendly offers to Mrs. Ironside, whose 
 happiness, of every thing on this side heaven, lies nearest my 
 heart. 
 
 (1) Vide No. 118, p. 145. 
 
 (2) John Stewart. Vide No. 256, p. 252, note 3. 
 
 '3) Thomas Rumbold, afterwards Governor of Madras. Fide No. 320^ p. 315, 
 note 4. 
 
 (4) Gilljert Ironside. Vide No. 94, p. 124, note 2. 
 
No. 135.1 158 
 
 " My request to Mr. Van Sittart to furnish her with money 
 was made at a time when I had no opportunity to make the 
 remittances I wished. I have since found means to get home a 
 few thousand pounds ; but still, should any unexpected and 
 pressing necessity require a sudden supply, your favouring her 
 with it will confer an essential obligation on me. 
 
 " That we shall ever see the Supervisors I now totally 
 despond ; but that some tidings of their unhappy fate may 
 still reach us is not, I think, altogether improbable. It has 
 been long believed and currently reported that an outward 
 bound French Indiaman descried the wreck of a vessel off 
 Madagascar, which conjecture led to surmise might be of the 
 Aurora : and on that presumption that some frigates were 
 ordered from Bombay to cruise round that island for further 
 discoverys . . . 
 
 " About the 14th of Februar}^ arrived the Dolphin, a King's 
 frigate, at Madras. Captain Dent brought with him, we hear, 
 two red ribbands for General Coote and Sir John Lindsay, with 
 powers and instructions to the Nawab of Arcot to invest them 
 with the Order of the Bath. Also credentials to the Commodore 
 to act as his Majesty's Plenipotentiary to all the European 
 Powers in India. General Coote returned home the latter end 
 of last year by way of Bussorah . . . 
 
 " George, who is a sad idle fellow in every thing but down- 
 right plodding business," asks me to obtain for you the second 
 volume of the Code of IMuhammadan Law. It may be among 
 some oriental manuscripts with Mrs. Ironside, who will submit 
 them to you. Meanwhile I will try to procure the volume in 
 India. 
 
 " Both George and Palk are at Patna I believe. . . My latest 
 letters from thence pronounce them all well, and the ladies, as 
 all ladies should be, in a promising way. Permit me to request 
 you will make my best wishes acceptable to IMrs. Palk and my 
 old commander General Caillaud, whom I very affectionately 
 remember ..." 
 
 " Gilbert Ironside." 
 
 [Holograph, 4 pp., 4io.] 
 
 [No. 136.] 
 
 [Copy of a] Par[agrap]h of a G[enera]l L[ette]r [Endorsed] 
 
 "No. 4." 
 
 1771, April 10th. — " Observing that you have appointed Mr. 
 Palk one of the Board of Revenue at Patna, we cannot but 
 express our astonishment that you should have gi^-en a post of 
 that consequence to a person who had behaved so unbecomingly 
 in the affair of the overcharge and abuses committed at the 
 cantonments of Burampore, and who, since his being pardoned 
 for that offence, had not given you proof sufficient of his integrity 
 to justify you in making such an appointment. We therefore 
 
159 [No. 136. 
 
 direct that he be recalled from that station upon receipt hereof, 
 and employed in his proper rank in onr service at Calcutta." 
 [1 p., 4 to. This cop}/ niai/ perhaps have formed an enclosure 
 to No. 220.] 
 
 [No. 137.] 
 [Robert Palk] to his Excellency the Nawab Walajah. 
 
 1771, April 17th. — I have received your letter of the 12th 
 October. (^> I grieve for the loss of Mr. Vansittart on your 
 account as well as my own, for he contemplated the promotion 
 of your interest together with that of the Company. 
 
 " I have often repented not staying longer in India. On 
 many accounts it was necessary, but you know that, seeing my 
 services were not so well received here as I thought they deserved, 
 I determined to make room for Mr. Bourchier, whom I wished 
 to be more fortunate ; but surely no man could take more pains 
 than myself, or was ever better inclined to labor day and night 
 to do my duty both to the Companj^ and yourself. I watched 
 over their expences and yours with the most scrupulous and 
 unceasing attention, and how far I succeeded must be left to 
 the Company and yourself to judge. 
 
 " A squadron of good ships is now sent to India, commanded 
 by Sir Robert Harland, a gentleman of great experience, and 
 who, I hope, will be able to co-operate in the most effectual 
 preservation of the peace in India. A regiment is also appointed 
 here to raise the best soldiers to be sent out as recruits : all 
 which will shew that neither his Majesty nor the Company are 
 neglectful of proper measures. I only wish that harmony 
 as well as great abilities may be established in the right use of 
 them. 
 
 " By the eldest son of Mr. Vansittart, who is obliged to seek 
 his fortunes abroad, I send this letter, and also a new Persian 
 grammar for your acceptance. A new dictionary by the same 
 author is soon to be published, and shall also be sent to you. 
 General Lawrence and Mrs. P[alk] add their good wishes to 
 mine for the continuance of your health and the prosperity of 
 the whole family." 
 
 [Holograph, 2 pp., 4 to. Unsigfied draft in PaWs hand.] 
 
 [No. 138.] 
 
 Henry Vansittart, jun. to Robert Palk, Esqr., at Edmund 
 Boehm's, Esqr., Size Lane, liondon. 
 
 1771, May 22nd. Madeira. — " Dear Sir, Deferring all other 
 intelligence for a further opportunity, I send you the account 
 only of my health and arrival here last Sundaj^ the 19th, by 
 a King's packet, which goes by the way of the West Indies. 
 As the other conveyance will most probably be the earliest, I 
 
 (1) Vide No. 113, ;;. Ml. 
 
No. 138.] 160 
 
 shall by that forward a more enlarged account of what has 
 
 happened. 
 
 " Belive me your dutiful nephew, Henry Vansittart." 
 
 " P.S. — The Packet sails in a few hours." 
 
 [Holograph, 1 ii., Uo. Wax seal with the Vansittart arms.] 
 
 [No. 139.] 
 
 Captain T[homas] Madge to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 [Endorsed in Palk's hand] " Account of the Death of Thomas 
 and John Palk." 
 
 1771, June 15th. Ellore.—" Dear Sir, My last letter con- 
 cluded with some accounts of your two cousins, which did 
 honor to their family as well as themselves. It was, however, 
 the last opportunity allowed me to speak of them with satis- 
 faction unalloyed with regret, for very shortly after the despatch 
 of the letter dated from the unwholsome hills which terminate 
 our possessions in the Circars, a pestilential disorder broke out 
 amongst the detachment under my command, which in less 
 than the space of three weeks destroyed two thirds of the 
 Europeans that composed it, and has rendered the condition 
 of those that have survived it little deserving the estimation 
 of existence from the havoc it has made in our constitutions, 
 many of which are irrecoverably ruined ! 
 
 " The end of the expedition into those fatal hills having been 
 accomplished by the successfull effort to surprise the Pollygar 
 by Lieut. Palk, we retired from them the fourth day after his 
 again joining the main bod}^ of the detachment, congratulating 
 ourselves on having escaped the disorder so generally experienced 
 in those hills by all strangers who reside any time amongst them. 
 But we had not made one day's march into the open country 
 till it began to shew it had got footing amongst us. Your two 
 cousins and myself were the first officers it affected, and as 
 they appeared to be more so than me, I sent them down to 
 Rajamundry recommended to Mr. Wynch, w^ho at that time 
 resided there on account of settling the revenues of the Circars, 
 and had a surgeon to attend him. The business of the service 
 would not admit of my availing myself of the assistance of a 
 surgeon, and obliged me to remain so long in the field that when 
 I got to Rajamundry my condition was pronounced too 
 dangerous by the doctor to admit of my proceeding any further. 
 Your two cousins had almost recovered their health under his 
 management, and were at last thought so far out of danger 
 as to run no risk from proceeding to Ellorc, whither they were 
 in consequence sent with some other officers and soldiers under 
 charge of a surgeon. They arrived at Ellore the 18th of March 
 last in a very promising way for recovery ; but the day after 
 their arrival the disorder took an unfavorable turn, and in 
 spite of every possible assistance carried off the eldest almost 
 suddenly : the youngest survived his brother but four days 
 
161 [No. 139. 
 
 only. Tlic disorder had gained so mnch gromid on me from 
 neglcctino- it tliat it was thought impossible for me to survive 
 it many days after my comiug- to this place, diu'ing which 
 time the fate of my two young i'riends was kept a secret from 
 me. They had, however, all the attendance possible from the 
 surgeons, who ne\'er left them for a moment whilst they could 
 be of service to them, but the disorder soon rose superior to 
 medicine and ballled all their skill. After three relapses I have 
 at last some hopes that I have entirely got the better of the 
 disorder, but ImAC suffered so much from its malignant effects 
 in my constitution that I fear I shall never again recover my 
 former state of health. Out of twenty Europeans two only 
 escaped the disorder, and eight only that were infected by it 
 survived it ! 
 
 " The concern this unfortunate event must give their mother 
 and every individual of their family may be partly conceived 
 from the universal regret it has occasioned amongst your cousins' 
 slightest acquaintance in India. The gentle manners of the 
 eldest had so much endeared him to me that I cannot refrain 
 from tears whenever I reflect on his untimely fate. I shall 
 endeavor to pay the most essential tribute to their memory 
 and your friendship in my power on the occasion by taking 
 care of their estate, which when collected together will, I hope, 
 amount to nearly 2,000 pags., a sum few subalterns can boast 
 of having honestly acquired in so short a time as the eldest 
 was in the service, and I think does as much honor to his 
 prudence as it will afford satisfaction to his friends . . . 
 
 " I have desired your nephew at Madrass to administer to 
 their estate, as there is no will ; to whom I shall remit the 
 amount of it as I receive it. And I hope you will have no 
 objection to the money's being paid to your attornies in India, 
 nor to your remitting it to their mother in Cornwall as soon as 
 they advise you of its having been received by them in India." 
 
 I see no prospect of early promotion, owing partly to super- 
 sessions from England and partly to our being saddled with 
 the newly created corps of engineers, who will probably claim 
 a share of " off-reckonings." My best respects to Mrs. Palk 
 and General Lawrence. 
 
 "T. Madge." 
 
 [Holograph, 6 pp.. Mo.] 
 
 [No. 140.] 
 
 W[illiam] M[artin] Goodlad to [Robert Palk, Esq.]. 
 
 1771, July 21st, Fort St. George. "My dear Friend, . . . 
 Your apprehensions for the Aurora . . . are but too justly 
 founded, for it is beyond a doubt that she must have been 
 lost. Circumstances give reason to think that she struck on 
 a reef of rocks off the N.E. end of Madagascar, but we have no 
 certain accounts . . , 
 
 i4 
 
No. 140.] 162 
 
 " All disputes with the Nabob's creditors have been for some 
 months at an end. The President and Council discharged their 
 duty amply. They insisted on the preference, and obtained 
 the payment of all they were authorised to demand and insist 
 on ; for false representations had so much weight with the 
 Court that the Nabob had consented to the payment of | of the 
 charges of the Mysore war. Their orders did not authorise 
 demanding it. The Nabob, who has intelligence from home 
 of all that passes, had learnt their sentiments, and refused to 
 make good his agreement. He defrayed the current charges, 
 and then stopped. The Council had no further demand on 
 him, and upon his proposing to pay 10 lacks to his creditors 
 they readily consented . . . 
 
 " Private advices tell us that the sentence of Wood's court- 
 martial is approved, and that he is restored. Had he been 
 restored without approval of the sentence, we should all have 
 acquiesced with pleasure ; but . . . reversing an Act of Govern- 
 ment is a humiliation to that Government : it weakens its 
 faculties and impairs its honor. . . . But perhaps it is intended 
 that the faculties of Government should be weakened. In that 
 case . . . where will be the authority over the military in 
 future? ..." 
 
 When I last wrote the Tan j ore situation was precarious, as 
 the Rajah had palpably violated the treaty of 1762. " We were 
 pressed on every side to call him to account, and urged to 
 measures which must have involved us in endless difficulties. 
 An immediate attack upon Tan j ore was repeatedly urged by 
 the Nabob and the Ambassador ; but the consequences were 
 too apparent for such a scheme to be rashly entered into, and it 
 was evident that the plan from first to last was intended pur- 
 posely to oblige us to assist the Marattas against Hyder — the 
 favourite system of the Nabob and the adopted plan of his 
 champion (the Ambassador). . . . The Council therefore 
 refused compliance, but promised to call Tanjore to account 
 when circumstances would admit. Everything necessary for 
 such an expedition has accordingly been prepared at Tricheno- 
 poly, and our readiness declared : but mark the end. The 
 stimulators and advisers of the measure, seeing that we will 
 not be forced into their plan, draw in their horns, and when 
 the Nabob is told we are ready to undertake the expedition, his 
 apprehensions of the Marattas are declared, and he cannot 
 venture on such an enterprise at the risk of an invasion. . . . 
 Thus we stand at present : we have avoided the junction 
 with the Marattas, we have not assisted Hyder, and we continue 
 in peace. But Tanjore must finally be called to account. . . . 
 The two Marrawars and Tondeman^' have felt the effects of his 
 arms, and unless he be checked, what may not be the consequence 
 in the end ? " 
 
 I am pleased at Sulivan's return to the Directorate and at 
 
 (1) Vide No. 19, p. 26, notes 1, 2 and 4. 
 
163 [No. 140. 
 
 Boiirchier's good reception. I should be mortified if I were 
 nio\cd from my post as Secretary, which I would not excliange 
 for anything short of a seat in Council. I have offered to 
 become a regular correspondent of Mr. Purling. The Ponshorne^s 
 stay was so brief that Mr. Ley could not land, so I recommended 
 him to my brother Anthony in Bengal. The death of Lieut. 
 Palk and his brother is deeply regretted by me. Your nephew 
 Tom has been on a trip with the General'^' to Trichinopoly. 
 
 " You will see by your account current what has been done 
 in the affair you recommended to me to settle. I can only say 
 at present that nothing, not one syllable, has transpired, and 
 I have acquitals of the most ample nature should anything of 
 the matter be talked of hereafter, . . ." 
 
 [Holograph, 12 pp., Uo.] " W. M. Goodlad." 
 
 [No. 141.] 
 
 Henry Vansittart, jun., to Robert Palk, Esq. 
 
 1771, October 3rd, Capeof Good Hope. "Dear Sir, — After our 
 departure from Madeira the 5th of June we have chiefly met 
 with either contrary winds or calms after the latitude of 
 8 South. We saw the Canary and Cape de Verd Islands, 
 and crossed the Line the middle of July. About a month 
 afterwards we saw the coast of Brazil at Rio des Ilhos, a 
 little below the Bay de Todos Santos. We spoke with the 
 Britannia the 1st of September, who left England the 23rd 
 of June. We arrived in False Bay the 22nd of September, 
 which is about 20 miles distant overland from the Cape 
 Town. The old Governor died a few weeks ago, and a 
 deputy is appointed till advices are received from Holland. 
 The Lord Holland sailed from hence the 12th, and the Hampshire 
 the 24th. The Britannia goes to-morrow, and the Colebrooke 
 the next day if possible. A French ship bound to Mauritias 
 came in the 25th and sailed yesterday. Sir Robert Fletcher^^) 
 and Captain Parker'^) proceed from hence in the Britannia to 
 
 (1' General Joseph Smith. 
 
 (2) Robert Fletcher was engaged locally as a monthly Writer in Madras in May, 
 1757, but was shortly afterwards commissioned as Ensign. In 1700 he was 
 dismissed for insubordination, but was reinstated at the instance of Eyre Coote. 
 Captain Fletcher served as Brigade Major in the Manila expedition of 1702, and 
 in the following year was transferred to Bengal as Major. In 1706 Lieut.-Colonel 
 Sir Robert Fletcher, who was then commanding one of the three brigades of the 
 Army, supported the junior officers who combined to protest against the withdrawal 
 of Mir Jafar's special grant of batta. He was tried by court-martial and cashiered. 
 Returning to England, he obtained reinstatement on the recommendation of 
 Lawrence and Caillaud, and he was posted to Madras as Colonel. Succeeding 
 General Joseph Smith in the conmiand of Army in 1772, he proved so obstructive 
 in Council that he was ordered to Trichinopoly by Du Pre's Government. He 
 claimed to resume his seat in Parliament and returned to England. In 1775 Sir 
 Robert Fletcher again arrived in Madras as Brigadier General, took command of 
 the Army, and supported the Majority of Council against Lord Pigot, in whose 
 deposition he assisted. In 1776 he sailed for the Cape on sick leave, and died on 
 the way at Mauritius. 
 
 (3) Probably Captain J. N. Parker, who as Lieut.-Colonel won tlie battle of 
 Bomorey in June, 1776. ' 
 
No. in.] 164 
 
 Aiijango, and Trom thence overland to Madrass for the sake of 
 expedition. I lodge with Captain Morris at Mr. La Febre's, 
 but proceed to-morrow to False Bay. I have been used very 
 civilly by the captain and the rest of the passengers. iNIr. 
 Johnson presents his compliments to you. Pray give my love 
 fo ^Irs. P;ilk, and remember me to Nancy and Lawrence. I am 
 your (lutiful nephew, 
 
 " Henry Vansittart." 
 
 \Ho}o!lraph, 1 p.. flscj).] 
 
 [No. 142.] 
 W[illiam] MfARTTN] GooDLAD to RoBERT Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1771, October 4th, Fort St. George. I have not heard from you 
 for some time, and am impatient for a reply to my letter of 
 the 13th October, 1770<i) by the Lapwing, as I think the fate 
 of the Company will depend on the turn of affairs at home 
 after the receipt of the advices by that ship. 
 
 By the Duke of Portland, which sailed in July last, I gave 
 you a history of the Tanjore affair.'-' " We were then prepared 
 to call the Rajah to account, and waited only for the concur- 
 rence of the Nabob to set an expedition on foot. From his 
 behavior at that time I confess that T little expected he would 
 have been brought to act at all, for, baulked in his darling plan 
 of an immediate attack in hopes of introducing the Marattas 
 and thereby obliging us to join them against Hyder, he seemed 
 resolved to pass over the Rajah's conduct rather than call him 
 to account at a time which, however it might promise success, 
 clashed with his favourite project. But matters had gone too 
 far for him to recede, and it was evident to himself as well as 
 his champion that they could not justify inaction. . . . After 
 many objections on his part and repeated urging on ours he 
 at length resolved to commence a negotiation, and we promised 
 to support his demands by a force sufficient to reduce the capital, 
 even should those demands be refused. . . . He would not 
 stir one step till we totally relinquished every idea of becoming 
 mediators in consequence of the guarantee of 1762, and he 
 refused to act unless the negotiation were left wholely and 
 solely to himself. . . . Upon this footing, therefore, was 
 the expedition undertaken. The eldest son proceeded with 
 full powers to negociate or proceed to hostilities as occasion 
 might require : the second son set forward charged with supplying 
 the army with provisions ; and the English army, the finest 
 I believe that the Company ever had in the field, proceeded as 
 mere auxiliaries, to act hostile or otherwise as the eldest should 
 think eligible. How I feel when I reflect on the situation we 
 are reduced to ! 
 
 " The last convoy and the last detachment . . . reached 
 the banks of the Coleroon about the 24th August, but a most 
 
 H) Vide No, H8, p. 145. <2) Vide No. 140^. p. 162, 
 
165 [No. 142. 
 
 untimely swelling of the river prevented tiieir crossing for many 
 days, and it was not till the 12th September that the whole 
 force proceeded from Trichenopoly. Demands on the Rajah 
 had been made and refused previous to their marching from 
 thence. Hostilities were consequently commenced, and the 
 army proceeded with very little interruption to \^ellam (about 
 6 miles N.W. from Tanjore), where they arrived on the 16th. 
 The place refused to surrender, and it cost four or five days to 
 reduce it, but the acquisition was great indeed, for (Vellour 
 excepted) there is not so strong a fort in the Carnatic. . . . 
 Our army reached Tanjour the 23rd in the morning, and it is 
 expected that batteries must have been opened about the 3rd 
 instant. In that case our accounts give us reason to think 
 it cannot hold out above a fortnight more. . . . Should 
 Tanjore fall, and fall I think it must, how glorious a stroke for 
 the Company, how fatal a blow to the French ! Could there be 
 so dangerous an enemy as one in the heart of the Carnatic ? 
 Could there be so noble an ally for the French ? . . ." 
 
 Notwithstanding his late defeat, Hyder still keeps the 
 Marathas at bay, so we have little to fear from the latter at 
 present. The Circars are peaceful and the Nizam quiet. We 
 are providing great part of the Investment from the Circars. 
 Sir John Lindsay's recall has, I hope, put an end to disputes 
 with the Ambassador. Sir Robert Harland possesses the same 
 powers, but desires harmony. 
 
 " I know not what to say to you on the subject of affairs 
 in Bengal. . . . The King resolved many months ago to 
 throw himself into the hands of the Marattas upon their offer 
 to seat him on the throne of Delli. He set forward accordingly, 
 but the rains and the uncertainty of the real intentions of the 
 Marattas detained him on the frontiers of the Corah<^) Province 
 till very lately. He is now again set forward, the Marattas 
 having delivered over the city and fort of Delli to his officers. 
 You will allow that it is hard to judge what may be the event, 
 but troubles I think must ensue should the Marattas assume his 
 name, and make that a cloak for their depredations. . . . 
 
 " 10th October. Since writing the former part of this letter 
 we have news from Tanjore. The enemy made a most vigorous 
 sally on the 1st instant upon the covering party, but were 
 repulsed with great loss after continuing the attack from | past 
 10 in the morning till 3 in the afternoon. Our battery opened 
 on the 2nd, and by the 3rd at night the fire from the fort was 
 nuich reduced. Every thing promises fair . . . but they 
 will never lose the fort but by storm, and the issue of such an 
 event is always uncertain. . . ." 
 
 I do not feel satisfied with my own position, though I would 
 not change it for any other outside the Council. Still, I have 
 had over nine years' service, and see little prospect of reaching 
 Council in nine more. " Must I be contented to drudge on 
 
 (1) Corah (Kora) a district of Oudh. Cf. No. 227, p. 231, uoto i. 
 
No. 142.] 166 
 
 in the plain line of preferment ? I know your answer will be, 
 ' Patience and perseverance, Billy ' ; but can you tell me no 
 method that will push me forward ? I have opened a corres- 
 pondence with Purling : he is certainly my friend. Shall I 
 write to Sulivan ? ... In good truth this fagging and 
 fagging and still fagging on with a prospect almost as distant 
 as the steeple of St. Paul's is not the thing. ..." 
 
 14th October. Our latest news of Tanjore is favourable. 
 
 "W. M. GOODLAD." 
 
 [Holograph, 10 pp.,flscp.] 
 
 [No. 143.] 
 
 W[iLLiAM M[artin] Goodlad to RoBERT Palk, Esqr., 
 
 Spring Gardens, London. 
 
 1771, November 2nd, Fort St. George. I have only time to say 
 that " the Nabob has concluded peace with Tanjore. It 
 happened on the 27th ultimo. In a few days I will write you 
 further. This goes by way of Bengal. . . ." 
 
 " W. M. Goodlad." 
 
 [Holograph, 1 p., Mo.] 
 
 [No. 144.] . 
 
 Major Tho[ma]s FitzGerald*^) to Robert Palk, Esqr., 
 
 Bruton Street, London. 
 
 1771, November 5th, Angelville. I received your friendly letter 
 with much pleasure, and wish I could have met you in London 
 to communicate some messages from your nephew Tom. I feel 
 sure that Tom was better fitted for the army than the civil 
 service. You are more competent to judge, but I assure you he 
 is deserving of promotion. Captain Oats*^' begged me to thank 
 you for all your kindness to him. He is a first-class officer. 
 
 "Thos. FitzGerald." 
 
 " P.S. — I must beg of you to tender my best wishes and 
 compliments to Mrs. Palk, the good General and all your family. 
 My being travelling some hundred miles in this kingdom to 
 make a purchase, which I have at last effected if the title deeds 
 are made clear to me, hindered me of replying sooner to your 
 friendly favor. If ever I should be honored with a line from 
 you, please to direct to me at Mr. Finlan's, Merchant, Breda 
 Street, Dublin." 
 
 [Holograph, 2 pp., Mo. Wax seal hearing arms and crest.^ 
 
 (1) Captain Thomas FitzGerald took part in 1764 in the second siege of Madura, 
 and in tlio following year defeated the rebellious Raja of Ongole. As Major he 
 served with distinction during the first Mysore war, was present at the battle of 
 Trinomalai in 1767, and in 1768 extricated Colonel Wood from a critical position 
 ncMr Hosur. His report led to Wood's recall and trial. Major FitzGerald was tlien 
 sent with a detached force into the Barauiahal in pursuit of Elaidar, whom, 
 however, he was unable to overtake. FitzGerald left India early in 1771. 
 
 <2) Captain Thomas Oats married Ann, daughter of Thomas Felling, of Madras. 
 
167 
 
 [No. 145.] 
 
 Captain J[ames] Rennell*^' to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1771, November 12th, Bengali. I fear my several letters to 
 you have miscarried, as I have not received any rei)ly. I 
 asked your interest towards getting me placed on the Invalid 
 List so that I might enjoy a pension. " I might have saved 
 you the trouble, for by the regulations established I find 
 myself too rich a man to partake of the provision. I have 
 an epithet at my tongue's end which I could with propriety 
 have prefixed to it, but which I suppress out of respect to you. 
 If the makers of those regulations think that a man can 
 subsist genteely on the sum allotted, my only wish is that 
 their fortunes may be stinted to it. 
 
 " With respect to my health, I find myself very well during 
 the cold season, but the heats and damps of the other season 
 are too powerful for the present relaxed state of my nerves. 
 I could therefore wish myself at home ; but previous to a step 
 of that kind 'tis necessary that I should be provided with means 
 to subsist comfortably. Had the Fund been settled agreeable 
 to the scheme originally proposed, that is, £200, or £180 a 
 year to a Captain, I might at the end of this year have left 
 India and have had sufficient for a decent maintenance at 
 home ; but now I am left to shift for myself. 
 
 " I have entirely done my business in the field, and all that 
 remains to be done to compleat the General Survey of Bengali, 
 Bahar, our part of Orixa, and the Provinces of Allahabad and 
 Awd will be compleated within these four months. The sea 
 coast and rivers also have had a regular survey, and a surveyor 
 in a sloop has been all round the Bay of Bengali and described 
 the sea coasts and islands. It will now be mv business to 
 compile all these surveys, and for that purpose I am now 
 setting down seriously for at least 13 months. The general and 
 particular surveys are to be drawn in about 45 or 50 large folio 
 maps, and will be a very compleat work when finished. Each 
 province is to be drawn in a separate map, and most of these 
 provinces are as big as the County of Norfolk, and some as big 
 as Yorkshire. . . . 
 
 " I have inclosed this to Mr. Barrington,(-> a very particular 
 friend of mine and a neighbour of yours. J. Rennell." 
 
 [Holograph, 3 pp., Uo. Endorsed in Palk's hand] " Capt. 
 Rennell, 12 Nov., 1771. [Received] 26 July." 
 
 (1) James Rennell, of Chudleigh, Devon, entered the Navy in 1756. After 
 seven years' service, three of which were spent on the East India station, Rennell 
 was transferred to the Company in 1763, and received command of a ship at the 
 age of 21. WhUe engaged in transporting troops and stores for the siege of Madura 
 he surveyed the coast down to Palk Strait. In 1764 he was appointed Surveyor 
 General by Vansittart, and was commissioned in the Bengal Engineers, becoming 
 Captain in 1767 and Major in 1775. His great work, the General Survey of Bengal, 
 Bihar and Orwsa, begun in 1764, was completed within twelve years, and Rennell 
 retired on a pension in 1777. His Bengal Atla.s was published two years later. 
 Other geographical works followed. Rennell was elected P.R.S. in 1781 : he 
 died in 1830, and was buried in Westminster Abbey. 
 
 (2) Fitzwilliam Barrington was a Director from 1759 to 1767. 
 
168 
 
 [No. 146.] 
 W[illiam] Aldersey<^) to Rob[er]t Palk, Esq. 
 
 1771, November 25th, Calcutta. I received your letter of the 
 17th December, 1770, by the hand of " Mr. Clevland," but he 
 has been so unwell since his arrival that I have not yet seen 
 him. " The adventurers to India of late have found them- 
 selves woefully disappointed with barren prospects." I will 
 do what I can, however, for any who may be recommended 
 by you. 
 
 " Poor Mr. Van ! What a loss to the publick, to his own 
 family and to society in general ! " Please refer for news to 
 my friends Russell'^' and Kelsall,''^' who go by this ship. 
 Remember me to Mrs. Palk, General Lawrence, the Bourchier 
 family and other Indian friends. 
 
 " W. Aldersey." 
 
 [Holograph, 2 pp., 4to.] 
 
 [No. 147.] 
 Henry Vansittart, jun., to [Robert Palk, Esqr.]. 
 
 1771, November 29th. — " Honoured Sir, — Being by this 
 day's observation in the latitude of 2d. 16m. South, our 
 passage has been very favourable from the Cape, which we left 
 the 11th of October. We now think we shall arrive at Bengal 
 in the beginning of January, but in these seas conjectures are 
 seldom found true. The Dutchman that is now in sight has 
 desired us to give him our letters. He left Point de Gol 8 days 
 ago, so that we shall now taste some Indian fruit. From 
 Batavia, to which he is now bound, he will sail directly for 
 Europe. I have time to write no more letters at present, but 
 should be obliged if you would let Mama and the rest of my 
 friends partake in this information. We are 122 Dutch leagues 
 from Ceylon. 
 
 " I am your dutiful nephew, 
 
 " Henry Vansittart." 
 
 [Holograph, ^ p., flscp.] 
 
 [No. 148.] 
 Mrs. LiETiTiA Ironside to [Robert Palk, Esqr.]. 
 
 1771, December 2nd, Chilton Lodge, near Hungcrford, Berks. 
 
 I enclose a letter to you from my husband, which reached me 
 last night. I am now staying with General and Mrs. Smith, <*' 
 and forward this to your seat in Devonshire. When I hear 
 that you are in London I will send you my husband's Persian 
 books. 
 
 ") William Aldersey, V-ide No. 44, p. 09, note 1. 
 
 C-i) Claud Kussell. Vide No. 12, p. 15, note 3. 
 
 (3) Thomas Kclsall. Vide No. 27, p. 45, note 2. 
 
 (•!' General Richard Smith. Vide No. 83, p. 113, note 1. 
 
169 [No. 148. 
 
 Soon al'ter I reached England I heard that a gentleman in 
 India named Leslie^^' was trying to supersede Colonel Ironside. 
 Being nnsnccessfnl there, he has eome home to renew his efforts. 
 " The Directors say INIr. Leslie was recommended to them as a 
 jewel worth their preserving. If those gentlemen will take the 
 trouble to enquire Mr. Ironside['s] character of the General 
 officers who he has served under, I make no doubt but they will 
 find him equally qualified with Mr. Leslie to hold any post in 
 their service." I hope you will use your influence in the 
 matter. 
 
 " L^TiTiA Ironside." 
 
 [Holograph, 1| p., Mo.] 
 
 [No. 149.] 
 Rob[er]t Palk to [William Martin Goodlad]. 
 
 1771, December 2nd, Haldon House. — " My dear Billy, . . . 
 I am glad that you have found out a method of adjusting a 
 most impudent and rascally demand. What the man gave he 
 gave of his own free will. In my life [I never] asked him or 
 any other person for a douceur, and I cannot yet bring myself 
 to believe that this is a claim of his own setting up. I should 
 think, my friend, some European has done me this injury. 
 The sum I am vei'y indifferent about, though I suppose it is the 
 first instance of the kind. To you, however, I am much obliged, 
 and shall be well satisfy ed with any proper mode you judge 
 least dishonorable. . . . 
 
 " I know nothing of the present politics of the India House, 
 where all seems confusion and a want of steadiness and 
 reflection in the Company's affairs. God grant you a 
 continuance of more wisdom than they seem to shew at home. 
 My love to all friends, and INIrs. Palk's and the General's. 
 
 " I am ever and most affectionately yours, 
 
 " RoBT. Palk." 
 
 [Holograph, 2 pp., 4fo.] 
 
 [No. 150.] 
 Edmund Veale Lane<-' to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1771, December 17th, Bombay. — I have received your letter 
 brought by Mr. Facey^^^ on the Dutton, and was glad to be able 
 to show that gentleman hospitality and supply him with money. 
 He duly received his commission and rank, and lives at present 
 at no expense, so " it will be his own fault if he does not do 
 well. I hope he will, as he seems to be a very prudent young 
 man." I am very grateful for all your past kindness to me. 
 
 " Edmund Veale Lane." 
 
 [Holograph, 2 pp., 4/o.] 
 
 (1) Colonel Matthew Leslie. Vide No. 100, p. 130, note 4. 
 
 (2) Edmund Veale Lane was a Bombay civil servant of 1767. He died in 1780 
 at Bombay. 
 
 (3) Ensign George Facey, Bombay Infantry. 
 
170 
 
 [No. 151.] 
 John Crighton to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1772, January 25th, Canton. — Having instructions from Mr. 
 Nicholas Morse to remit to you the sum of Spanish dollars 
 6,159hV at 5s. 3d. per dollar, I send a bill of exchange for 
 £1,616 18s. 3d. " Jno. Crighton." 
 
 [Autograph, 1 p., Mo.\ 
 
 [No. 152.] 
 
 Henry Vansittart, jun., to Robert Palk, Esqr. at 
 
 Edmund Boehm's, Esqr., Sice Lane, London. 
 
 1772, January 29th, Bengal. — " Dear Sir, I shall leave 
 Kedgree in about | an hour, and hope to arrive at Calcutta in 
 3 days. The Asia and Speke sail too soon for me to write from 
 town. My uncle and Mr. Palk are well at the Durbar. I shall 
 be able to add nothing more till the dispatch of the Rochford. . . 
 
 " Your dutiful nephew, Henry Vansittart." 
 
 [Holograph, | p., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 153.] 
 Rob[er]t Palk to [William Martin] Goodlad. 
 
 1772, February 2nd, Park Place. — " Dear Goodlad, I thank 
 you for your letter of the 21st July,*^' which, considering the 
 busy life you lead, is much longer than I had a right to expect. 
 It reached me at my house in Devonshire early in a morning, 
 and I found afterwards that it was dropped by Colonel 
 Campbell,(2> who passed within a mile of me, but was in too 
 great a hurry to call upon me. 
 
 " I rejoice that the Nabob's creditors are made easy, and hope 
 they are now in a fair way of being paid off. As to the measures 
 of the Directors, they are passed finding out, and every day they 
 are more and more convincing the world that the direction of 
 the Company's affairs by a sett of men who have views of their 
 own cannot be managed to advantage. They throw the blame 
 on their servants abroad, and accordingly the King in his 
 speech has strongly recommended regulations to be made; 
 and the situation of affairs at Bengal is soon to be laid before 
 them. 
 
 " No complaints are made of the management of affairs on 
 the Coast, but the Directors have sent Lord Clive and most of 
 the Bengal Counsellors a long list of informations against them, 
 which have been collected abroad by a Mr. Petre and supported 
 by the Johnstones,<^> proving or attempting to prove many 
 
 (1) Vide No. 140, p. 161. 
 
 (2) Prol)al)ly Colonel Charles Campbell. 
 
 (3) John JohiLstoiie, a member of the Bengal Council at Clivc's arrival in 176.5, 
 was suspended for accepting gifts. He resigned, and became a bitter opponent of 
 the Governor in England. His brother George Johnstone, M.P., likewise attacked 
 Clive both in the Court of Proprietors and in Parliament. 
 
171 [No. 153. 
 
 frauds in the salt duties and revenues to the amount of 5 or 
 600,000/. Having never seen these charges, I cannot be more 
 particular, but Lord Clive and the gentlemen themselves make 
 very light of them, and say the Directors will be found nmch 
 more to blame than their servants. It happens, however, at 
 an unlucky time, mankind in general being willing to suspect 
 that so many great fortunes cannot be fairly acquired. Govern- 
 ment, I believe, are far from wishing to take the management 
 out of the Company's hands, but they wish to see their affairs 
 in a better train. 
 
 " It is now very certain that Choiseul<^' had made preparations 
 for beginning a war in India, to which is owing the great force 
 collected at the Islands, which Lord North gives us to under- 
 stand is to be recalled ; but till that happens we are to have a 
 superiority at least in men-of-war, and it is for this reason that 
 two ships of force are soon to sail to join Sir Robert Harland, 
 which, however, are to return when the marine force at the 
 Islands returns. 
 
 " The approval of the sentence of Wood's court martial was 
 certainly a severe stroke to Government, and till your letter 
 told me so I never conceived any sett of men could have been 
 so wanton in their resentments. I seldom see any of them, 
 and when I do they are too knowing themselves to want any 
 advice, and too secret to be communicative. Nothing, I 
 understand, is yet determined about a successor to Mr. Du Pre, 
 and it is a misfortune to the service that nobody near him in 
 Council is thought proper for the station. Macguire,*^' it 
 seems, applyed, and was very properly refused. Mr. Sulivan 
 wanted to be a Supervisor, and on that account, I hear, they 
 resolve at present to send none for want of being able to find 
 fit men. It is not alledged that the Coast wants supervision. 
 
 " I am afraid the calling Tan jour to account, which is become 
 so absolutely necessary, will be attended with risk and difficulty. 
 I hope Sir Robert Harland will be a better adviser. 
 
 " Having long been acquainted with the good heart of 
 Captain Baker,''^' let me bespeak your kindness to him, and 
 likewise to the two Kennaways*'^' during their short stay with 
 
 tl) The Due de Choiseul, French Minister for Foreign Affairs. 
 
 (2) William McGwire of the Bengal civil service, who was dismissed by the 
 Directors in 1701, when he was Chief at Patna. 
 
 l3) George Baker, of Tor Mohun (now called Torre, near Torquay) a seafaring 
 man, made his first voyage to India in 1743. In 1747 he was with Boscawen at 
 Pondicherry, and ten years later, as master of the Cuddalore, did good service during 
 the siege of Fort St. George. In 17(52, wlien commanding the London, he was 
 appointed first Master Attendant of the port of Madras. On resigning this post 
 he went to England, and in 1771, when residing at Kenton near Haldon, made a 
 contract with the Directors to deUver water to the Madras Fort and shipping from 
 a source north of Black Town, himself receiving fees for 21 years. lie returned to 
 India in 1772 and duly executed the work. Baker died at Madras on the 4th July, 
 1799. A monument to his memory was erected in Torre Church by his nephew 
 William Baker. 
 
 (^) John and Richard Kennaway, who were arriving to join the Bengal army and 
 civil service respectively, were sons of William Kennaway, of Exeter, a friend of 
 Robert Palk. 
 
No. 153.] 172 
 
 you. I am satisfyed that you have balanced the account, 
 though I was much more in debt than I expected. May every 
 blessing attend you ! 
 
 " I am, my dear friend, most affectionately yours, 
 
 " RoBT- Palk." 
 
 [Holograph, 4 pp., Mo.] 
 
 [No. 154.] 
 ANT[noN]Y GooDLAD to RoBERT Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1772, February 20th, Fort William. — Expresses anxiety at 
 not receiving any reply, excepting a brief note of 1768, to his 
 many letters. Feels much gratitude for past favours. 
 
 [Holograph, 2h pp., Mo.] 
 
 [No. 155.] 
 Jos[iAs] Du Pre to [Robert] Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1772, February 25th, Fort St. George.—" Dear Sir, Receive 
 my acknowledgements for your favours of the 6th August and 
 2nd December, 1770. I have had as good a constitution as 
 most men : it has been put to the tryal, and if it bears me through 
 this year 'tis as nmch as it can. There is no end to embarass- 
 ment. Our good friend Wallau Jau is daily carving out fresh 
 matter. We have had a short war with Tan j ore, terminated by 
 a peace, I know not why. After the Nabob had irritated the 
 Rajah into unjustifiable acts 'twas necessary to call him to an 
 account, and if we had the power of doing justice, it might have 
 been done without firing a gun. As we had not, and consequent- 
 ly the Rajah could not rely on us, 'twas necessary to put it 
 out of his power to be dangerous, and, a war once begun, it 
 seemed best to get as much power by it as we could : arrange- 
 ments might afterwards have been made as should seem best. 
 We were obliged — for a thousand reasons which a volume 
 would not suffice to explain — to give the lead to the Nabob. 
 Oh, what a falling off from the days of yore ! The Nabob 
 blames the General, and the General the Nabob, A peace was 
 made just when the breach was practicable. I will not take 
 upon me to say whether 'tis better so, or worse than if the place 
 had been taken, for that must depend on the ideas and measures 
 at home. I know this, that either the Rajah must be so sup- 
 ported in his government as that he may have a confidence in 
 the Company, or he must be reduced. To leave him in continual 
 fear of the Nabob will ensure his enmity whenever it may be 
 dangerous to us and when we shall most need his friendship. 
 
 " We have been under great apprehensions of a Maratta 
 invasion — at least the Nabob made us believe we were in great 
 danger, from which I believe that he will be able to relieve us, 
 finding that all his arts and efforts could not drag us into an 
 
173 [No. 155. 
 
 offensive alliance with them, seconded by the threats of the 
 mighty Plcnipos. I begin now to hope that we may enjoy 
 peace at least for this year. 
 
 " I have been hap])y in the assistance and support of Mr. 
 Hastings. He has left us to take upon him the charge of affairs 
 in Bengal. I am afraid he will find diHiculties enough if he 
 attempts, as he intends, a reform. He has had a good seasoning 
 here, and is enured to difliculty and contest. I heartily wish 
 him success, for he is a good and a valuable man. 
 
 '' Mrs. Dupre begs to offer her good wishes to you and Mrs. 
 Palk. I don't know whether my pen or my eyes are failing, 
 but T can hardly see what I write. 'Tis late at night, but never 
 too late to assure you that I am, with every good wish to you 
 and yours, dear Sir, your most obedient and most humble 
 servant, 
 
 " Jos. Du Pre." 
 
 [P.S.] — " I have put the Nabob in mind of the General's 
 annuity. Pie promised to send it. 'Tis not yet come. I shall 
 give him another hint by and bv." 
 
 [P.P.S.]— " 27th. The money is come." 
 
 [Holograph, 3 pp., 4to.] 
 
 [No. 156.] 
 Reyno[ld] Adams to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1772, February 27th [Fort St. George].— I send you a bill of 
 exchange for £1,000 from Captain Madge, and one of £800 on 
 my own account. Please deal with the latter as you think 
 best. By the Britannia I requested your acceptance of a pipe 
 of old madeira, to be delivered to you by my relative Mr. 
 Daniell. Mr. Taswell has arrived, but I hope there is no risk 
 of his superseding me. 
 
 " Reyno. Adams." 
 
 [Holograph, 3 pp., 4to.] 
 
 [No. 157.] 
 Chocapah to the Honble. Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1772, February 28th, Fort St. George. — " Honourable Sir, 
 Since I had the honour to write to you under date of the 18th 
 July last . . . the Company's order and appointment of 
 Mr. Hastings [as] Governor of Bengal arrived here, and that 
 gentleman embarked on a brigantine and sailed to that place 
 the 2nd of this month." 
 
 The ship Carnatic from Manila made an unsatisfactory voyage, 
 selling only part of her cargo, and that at the rate of a dollar 
 per pagoda, " which grieves the merchants' hearts very much." 
 Trade all over India is bad. 
 
 " The Governour and Council appointed Mr. Monkton*^) to go 
 
 W Tlie Hon. Edward Monckton. Vide No. 118, p. UG, note 2. 
 
Xo. 157.J 174 
 
 to Quedda with a few soldiers and seapoys and all the necessary 
 servants to settle a trade there for the Company, and also Mr. 
 Desveaux'i' in the same manner to Acheen, Mr. Ardley*-' 
 departed this life the 9th of this month, and Mr. Charles Smith'^' 
 is admitted one of the members in Council .... 
 
 " Our forces was very near of taking Tanjore, but in the 
 mean time the King made up matters with the Nabob, paying 
 all the expences of the expedition, and the tribute money due 
 from him, and also the plunder and present that he had received 
 from the Maravah of Ramanadapurum. Since my last the 
 French received no ships, money nor any thing else from Europe, 
 and they are as poor as rats at present, and if it was not owing 
 to the capacity of Mr. Law, the Settlement of Pondichery would 
 have fallen long before this. The Morattas tryed all they could 
 to see if our Governour will give them assistance to beat Hyder, 
 but our Governour by his great wisdom made the Nabob settle 
 with the Morattas without sending them any force against 
 Hyder. 
 
 " A great accident happened at Trichinopoly on the 14th 
 instant. The expence magazine, a large stone choultry, with 
 about 1.30 barrels of powder and a very large quantity of musket 
 and fixed ammunition, was blown up. Stones of several ton 
 weight were thrown to a considerable distance. By that accident 
 about 200 Eiiropeans and about two thousand black people 
 perished, and several of the houses, stores, etc., damaged, 
 which is a very great loss, and such accident was never heard 
 of in these parts. 
 
 " His Majesty's squadron was at Trincanamally all the winter, 
 and they are now at Madras, which is a great awe to all the 
 country Powers abroad. . . ." 
 
 " Chocapah." 
 
 [Autograph, 2 pp., flscp.] 
 
 [No. 158.] 
 
 Tho[mas] Palk to Rob[er]t Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1772, February 28th, Fort St. George. — I received no letter 
 from you during the whole of last year, and feel anxious as to 
 the cause of your silence. By the Colebrooke, whose packet 
 has just reached us, I heard from my father only. Mr. Hastings 
 left in January to succeed Mr. Cartier in Bengal. He promised 
 me, at the request of Mr. Morse, a transfer to Masulipatam 
 under Mr. Brooke, who is to succeed Mr. VVynch as Chief. Of 
 your many friends here none except Mr. Morse has taken the 
 least notice of me. Mr. Morse, however, has been more like a 
 parent than a friend. He has been seriously ill with gout, 
 
 (1) Charles Desvceux, a civil servant of 1703, was employed under Call in 1764 
 as an Engineer on the Madras fortifications. In 1772 he was a Junior Merchant. 
 
 (2) Vide No. 52, /). 78, note 2. 
 
 (3) Vide No. 118, p. 146, note 1. 
 
175 [No. 158. 
 
 but is now better. Henry Vansittart, who went on to Bengal 
 in tlic Britannia, is coming here on a visit to Mr. Morse. Mr. 
 Call was expected to succeed Mr, Du Pre as Governor, but now 
 it is said Mr. Cartier will do so. 
 
 " By letters from my brother I am sorry to find that the 
 Leaden Hall Street Gentlemen have not forgot the Cozimbazar 
 afl'air. It is a most cruel thing to refresh his memory with 
 what has already given him so much trouble. He is, he says, 
 called down from Patna, which I should imagine might have 
 been prevented, as Mr. Sulivan is in the Direction, and he 
 consequently must have some friends. He has requested of 
 the Gentlemen at Bengal to allow him 6 months' longer stay 
 ... to settle his affairs. He seems to be very happy in his 
 present matrimonial situation. His spouse brought him a son 
 and heir 30th September last. 
 
 " The country is now very quiet again. The Morattoes 
 have been threatening an invasion in the Carnatic, but are 
 obliged to return to their own country to restore peace to their 
 own dominions ; so that Hyder laughs at them, and is in 
 possession of his country again. The Tan j ore expedition I 
 am almost ashamed to mention ; but let it suffice that after 
 having lost a great many men, and a practicable breach made, 
 our army retreated back to Trichinapoly, notwithstanding I 
 saw under Mr. Dupre's own hand that he was resolved to reduce 
 that Rajah ; though it is not surprising, nor unlike every thing 
 else that is done. 
 
 "The following is an extract from a letter I received from 
 Trichinapoly, dated 16th January, 1772, [from] a gentleman in 
 the family of General Smith : — ' I should have set down and given 
 you some account of the calamity that happened here the 14th, 
 but till now I have been employed attending the people at 
 work, at first in endeavouring to save those who had any remains 
 of life, and afterwards getting the dead bodies removed. On 
 the 14th, about 4 in the afternoon, we were surprized with an 
 explosion in the fort, which was so violent that, though we 
 were upwards of a mile distant, the doors and windows of the 
 house, though bolted, were forced open with the shock. On 
 going into the Fort we found the expence magazine, a large 
 stone choultry, with the artillery,*^' part of the infantry barracks 
 and all the buildings adjoining, particularly upwards of 60 
 feet of a brick wall 4 feet thick and 40 in height, were blown 
 up and laid level with the ground. You know the wall I mean : 
 it is where the gentlemen sometimes play at fives (the Nabob's 
 garden wall), and under which in the day there is a constant 
 thorough-fare of people. About 40 Europeans were killed in the 
 spot and a great number of natives, and had it happened at 
 any other time of the day, God knows what would have been 
 the consequences. The powder that took fire consisted of 
 about 130 barrels, with a very large quantity of musket and 
 
 W Note by T.P. " Not one gun remains serviceable scarce." 
 
No. 158.] 176 
 
 fixed ammunition. Stones of several tons weight were thrown 
 at a great distance, many of them into the houses, and after 
 making their way through all, buried themselves in the earth. 
 Ensign McNeal was killed by one on the opposite side of the 
 Rock, though it is of an enormous height. The cavalry that 
 were picketed on the glacis were obliged to fly : part of a six 
 pound fell on the terrace of Warriore Plospital*^' ; in short 
 the poor inhabitants were under, for some time, a most 
 tremendous shower of stones, shells and shot, and the shock so 
 great that they were scarce able to stand. Many thousands 
 fled to the fields, and a more melancholy scene [than] that they 
 left behind cannot possibly be imagined. The unhappy 
 sufferers buried in the ruins, the heads of some appearing above 
 the rubbish, the arms and legs of others, and many torn to 
 pieces. The unhappy mothers, who on the first alarm flew to 
 save their children, lying dead with their infants clasped in 
 their arms. Spare me from going farther with this scene ; it 
 is too shocking to bear a recital. The General's house in the 
 Fort is a perfect wreck. Mr. Hay's'^* and many others suffered 
 much, and himself covered with rubbish. Major Braithwate,'^' 
 passing the main guard, was thrown out of his palankeen : 
 his peon, to save him, threw himself on his master, who had 
 just then received a bruise on the side of his head by a six 
 pound shot in its fall. His house is beat in, one of his servants 
 killed and both his horses, which must also have been his own 
 fate had it happened three minutes later and he had time to 
 get home. To mention the particulars of this affecting scene 
 would be endless. 
 
 " ' It is not known how the accident happened. There were 
 13 artillery men and some lascars drying ammunition, who 
 were all killed. It is, however, supposed that one shott falling 
 on another communicated fire to the powder in the linnen bags, 
 and by that means occasioned all that happened.' 
 
 " The above is a very perfect account [of the] melancholy 
 event." 
 
 " Tho. Pai.k." 
 
 P.S. — Please do me the favour of having two or three rings 
 made for me in memory of my poor cousin Tom Palk. A 
 newspaper or magazine of recent date will be acceptable. 
 
 [Holograph, 13| pp., Uo.] 
 
 (1) Note by T.P. " One mile distant or upwards." 
 
 (2) James Hay. Vide No. 230, p. 235, note 2. 
 
 (3) Major John Brathwaite reduced the Poligars of Madura and Tinnevelly in 
 1772 and, as Licut.-Colonel, took Mah(i from tlie Frencli in 177!). Wlion commanding 
 in Tanjore in 1782 lie was badly defeated by Tipu, taken prisoner and carried to 
 Seringapatam, whence he was released at the peace of 1784. General Brathwaite was 
 Commander-in-Chief, Madras, for four years from 1792, and captured Pondicherry 
 in 1793, 
 
177 
 
 [No. 159.] 
 
 W[illtam] ]M[arttn] Goodlad to [Robert Palk, Esqr.]. 
 
 1772, February 28th, Fort St. George. Received 20th 
 September. — " My dearest Friend ... To the best of my 
 reeollcction you have had a clear account of matters to 
 the saihng of the Stag in October last.<^* We were then in 
 the height of expectation in respect to Tan jour .... Peace 
 ensued without our accomphsliing the reduction of the 
 capital. Various were the conjectures on this occasion, and 
 the motives for such a step are not to this hour ascertained. 
 Six hours more would have rendered the breach practicable, 
 and in all human probability a storm would have ensured us 
 the capture. But curbed by the Nabob ; acting as auxiliaries 
 without a will of our own, and having our operations wholely 
 subservient to Indostan politics, the object of the campaign 
 was in great measure frustrated. Vellum, it is true, was taken 
 and remains in our hands ; a sum of money was paid, and some 
 countries were relinquished by the Rajah ; but our prospects 
 promised more substantial benefits, and we lost the opportunity 
 of compleatly humbling a dangerous rival situated in the very 
 heart of the countries from whence we draw our support. The 
 Nabob, unwilling to discover the real cause of the accommoda- 
 tion, would willingly attribute it to the General, but all 
 unprejudiced minds seem to hold him blameless. For my own 
 part I am willing to believe him so ; and if I could venture to 
 start an opinion of my own. I would declare the loss of Tanjour 
 to be solely oAving to the Nabob's apprehensions of the 
 Marattas. Did I say solely ? I meant it not. A jealousy of 
 the Company, never to be eradicated, had its share in his 
 determination. In short, Tanjour was within his grasp, but 
 his apprehensions would not suffer him to seize it ; and thus 
 ended our expedition. It has nevertheless certainly been 
 attended with good- effects, for the Rajah^is evidently humbled, 
 and the possession of Vellum must be a great check upon him ; 
 but there is this to be said, that the Rajah will never regard 
 an accommodation (to which we are not Guarantees) as binding 
 on the Nabob. He will look for fresh troubles when the Nabob 
 has it in his power, and he will consequently take the first 
 opportunity of throwing off the yoke by affecting [sic] a junction 
 which it was one object of our expedition to prevent. But we 
 must rest satisfied. The Company are not what they were, 
 and never will recover themselves whilst Ministry interposes ; 
 and this accommodation may justly be regarded as one of the 
 many bad effects of the ministerial plan. The Nabob would 
 never have thought of laying aside the guarantee had he not 
 depended on support from the Crown ; and, had the guarantee 
 been regarded as subsisting, we had never quitted Tanjour till 
 the Rajah, admitting an English garrison, had put it out of 
 
 (1) Vide No. 142, p. 164. 
 
No. 159.] 
 
 178 
 
 his power to become troublesome in future. And thus ends 
 my history . . . 
 
 " I have been so particular before in describing to you the 
 cause we had to apprehend a Maratta invasion — the warmth 
 of the Nab()l)'s solicitations to join them in reducing Hyder ; 
 our desire rather to assist Hyder if a part nnist be taken ; and 
 the repeated entreaties of both that we would take part in their 
 disputes — that a repetition here is unnecessary. Matters have 
 lately become much more serious, but, greatly to the honor 
 of Du Pre, we have hitherto surmounted all difficulties. A 
 determined firmness has overcome every obstacle, and we 
 continue in peace notwithstanding every threat and every 
 solicitation. 
 
 " The very pressing applications from both parties, and the 
 apparent consequences of our acquiescing or refusing, rendered 
 every art of procrastination necessary. The expectation of 
 the Commissioners long afforded an excellent plea, and their 
 non-arrival gave still further time. Orders from home in 
 consequence of their loss were then represented as necessary 
 for our determination. In short, every twig was grasped at 
 to prevent us from sinking, but at length it became necessary 
 to resolve. The Marattas were on our borders, and had even 
 committed hostilities, though they denied the intention of so 
 doing. The Nabob used every argument to bring us over to 
 their party . . . The Minister backed his representations . . , 
 but the Covmcil still continued firm, and when matters came [to] 
 a cricis, declared openly that they would defend the Nabob's 
 possessions to the utmost, but would join neither party. The 
 Nabob and Minister both found they had struggled in vain ; 
 and as the Marattas had been fed with hopes of our assistance, 
 it became necessary to recompense them for their disappoint- 
 ment. They are gone off, and we are promised peace for a 
 time. The causes which have produced this may easily be 
 guessed at, though they cannot with any certainty be declared. 
 " You will see from the foregoing that our new Minister has 
 not been idle. He long remained silent, and we had hopes 
 that he would have given us little interruption ; but he at 
 length assumed his character, and promised to be more active 
 than his predecessor. Blustering was not wanting, but it is 
 no match for calmness. After attempting to speak daggers, 
 he sheathed his weapon, and (to the best of my judgement) we 
 remain triumphant. It is suspected that during the height of 
 our disputes he was checlced from home. From the most 
 hauty stile he descended at once to (wliat I call) the lowest 
 submission, and has since been perfectly calm . . . 
 
 " I have frequently told you how much the Nabob's conduct 
 was altered since the arrival of the Plenipos . . . You must 
 have beared of the Agreement between the Company and the 
 agents for the creditors in England. He refuses absolutely 
 to acquiesce, hints that he will pay each seperately, but will 
 
179 [No. 159. 
 
 make no declaration that he will really discharge his debt to the 
 Company . . . Many of the creditors have declared their 
 resolution to abide by the Agreement, and have appointed a 
 connnittee to transact their affairs, at the head of which I am. 
 The Council promise us every assistance in their power . . . 
 
 " Hastings left us the 2nd instant, much regretted, for he is 
 a very valuable man both in his public and pri\^ate character. 
 Unless my letters from Bengal tell me wrong, he will have much 
 on his hands, for matters there are represented to be in a state 
 which will require the exertion of all his abilities to reform them. 
 Ardley died the 9th instant. Pyne'^' and Charles Smith are in 
 Council. When shall I be there ? Alas ! the reflection gives 
 me pain . . ." 
 
 [Holograph, 8f pp., Mo.] " W. M. Goodlad." 
 
 [No. 160.] 
 
 W[illiam] M[artin] Goodlad to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 N.Y. [1772], February 29th, 2 a.m. [Fort St. George.]—" I 
 have wrote you so particular a letter by the packet per Lord 
 North that I request of you to use your utmost endeavours to 
 procure it. Pray send word to my mother that I am in health 
 and spirits. May every blessing attend you ! Adieu. 
 
 "W. M. Goodlad." 
 
 [Holograph, 1 p., 4io.] 
 
 [No. 161.] 
 W[illiam] M[artin] Goodlad to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1772, March 20th, Fort St. George. Received 20th Sept. — 
 Since I wrote by the Ijord North last month,*-' nothing special 
 has occurred. The Nawab totally disregards the Agreement 
 made between his creditors and the Company, and is resolved 
 to suit his own convenience in regard to payments. 
 
 " Whatever the Minister may be about in private, he continues 
 silent, and all correspondence is dropped ; but there is no 
 cordiality subsisting between us, and indeed if I had time to 
 describe to you in how many instances he descends beneath 
 the dignity of his character, you would not be surprised at it. 
 We are free from apprehensions as to the Marattas for the 
 present . . . Hastings is arrived in Bengal, but we have yet 
 no accounts of his having taken possession of the Government, 
 or of the situation in which he has found affairs there . . . 
 
 " I enclose you a bill on my mother for £200, interest to 
 August, 1772, on the money I am so much obliged to you for. 
 Accept it with my best thanks, my dearest friend, and be 
 assured there does not exist a more grateful heart than in the 
 
 U) George PjTie, a civil servant of 1753. 
 l2) Vide No. 159, p. 177. 
 
No. IGl.j 180 
 
 the breast of your ever obliged and affectionate friend and 
 servant, 
 
 [Holograph, 4i pp., Uo.] " VV. M. Goodlad." 
 
 [Enclosure] — First of Exchange for £200 at 90 days to Mrs. 
 Goodlad, King's Road, Gray's Inn, London, in favour of Robert 
 Palk, Esqr. 
 
 [1 p., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 162.] 
 
 Henry Vansittart, jun., to Robert Palk, Esqr., at Edmund 
 Boehm's, Esqr., Sice Lane, London. 
 
 1772, April 2nd, Fort St. George. — " Dear Sir, I landed in 
 good health at Calcutta the 31st of January, and in consequence 
 of several pressing letters I received from Mr. Morse, left it in 
 order to proceed to Madras in the Lord Holland in the latter 
 end of February. I had before my departure been introduced 
 to Mr. Hastings, who has invited me to live with him when I 
 return. After a passage of 25 days we arrived in Madras road, 
 and I had a happy meeting with Mr. and Mrs. Morse the next 
 day. The time of my stay here is not yet settled, but, however, 
 I shall find employment in the study of the Persian language 
 and in the instructions of my grand father. The Nabob, having 
 heard from Mr. Du Pre of the letter you have sent by me, has 
 already given me an invitation to come and see him, and when 
 Mr. Morse thinks proper he will carry me there. I have 
 received many civilities here, but I cannot say that I am so 
 fond of this place as Bengal. Mr. Alexander*^' and Mr. Floyer,'^' 
 who are going in the Lord Holland to Europe, have treated me 
 in the most obliging manner during my stay in that ship, and 
 to them I chiefly am indebted for my passage. 
 
 " Remember me to Mr. Tripe,'^* and give my duty to Mrs. 
 Palk, and love to Nancy and Lawrence. Your dutiful nephew, 
 
 " Henry Vansittart." 
 
 [Holograph, 2 pp., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 163.] 
 J[ohn] M[axwell] Stone to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1772, April 4th, Fort St. George. — I have lately received your 
 letter of the 2nd April, 1771, and now reply by the Lord Holland. 
 Alexander and Floyer go in her, the former " to enjoy his 
 fortune at ease," the latter to procure reinstatement on the 
 Bengal establishment. 
 
 " Our situation for these two or three years past has indeed 
 been very distressing and perplexing, and my wonder can only 
 be equalled by the satisfaction I feel to find that we have got 
 
 (1' James Alexander. Vide No. 65, ]>. 92, note 6. 
 
 (2) t'liarles Floyer. Vide No. 84, p. llo, notf ('.. 
 
 (3) Nicholas Tripe, of iV3lil)urton, who married Giace I'alk, niece of Governor Palk, 
 
181 [No. 163. 
 
 thus far in safety. Great merit is certainly due to Mr. Du Pre, 
 who, notwithstanding all the embarrassments and diffieulties 
 with which he was surrounded, notwithstanding the disagreeable 
 and vexatious altercations he has been obliged to maintain 
 with the Nabob, His Majesty's Ministers and General Coote, 
 could persevere with such steadiness and resolution in the line 
 he first laid down." 
 
 At the end of last December we learned with gratification 
 that the conduct of the Governor and Council in regard to the 
 Nawab, the Marattas, Hyder Ali and the King's Minister was 
 approved at home, though nothing was said about Coote. 
 
 " Sir John Lindsay did not cease plaguing us till the end of 
 July last, when it may be supposed he had got as much as he 
 could expect, and the news arrived of Sir Robert Harland's 
 being appointed to succeed him with plenipotentiary powers. 
 The Squadron arrived here the beginning of September, and 
 Sir Robert Harland immediately upon his^ landing laid before 
 the Board his plenipotentiary powers and instructions, the sum 
 and substance of which were ; — to see that the Treaty of Paris 
 of 1763 had not been infringed, and to receive from the Nabob 
 any complaints he might have to make, and transmit them to 
 the Ministry. These powers, which we understand were the 
 same with Sir John Lindsay's, could not, you will say, authorize 
 the steps taken by the Minister. However, by a very extra- 
 ordinary construction put on the 11th article of the Treaty of 
 Paris, they were used to that end. The Nabob, by the inter- 
 pretation given to that article, is deemed an ally of the Crown 
 of Great Britain, and as such has a right to the support and 
 protection of the Crown. In virtue of which the Minister took 
 upon him to urge the Government to such measures as the 
 Nabob should dictate. You, I dare say, will be surprized at 
 this forced construction put upon that article, and the arguments 
 used in consequence, as you are well acquainted with the 
 cause of that article being inserted, which was evidently with 
 no other intent than to put it out of the power of the French 
 to set up Chunda Saib's son<^' or any other pretender to the 
 Phousdarv<2) of the Carnatic in opposition to the Nabob. If the 
 interpretation now given to the article be admitted, the Nabob 
 is equally an ally of the Crown of France as of Great Britain, 
 as they are both equally bound by the Treaty to acknowledge 
 him for Nabob ; and it is incumbent on England and France 
 to support him against all the world, even against the Mogul 
 and the Soubah, to whom, by the custom of the Empire and his 
 own acknowledgment, he is subject. You will, I am certain, 
 see the impropriety, I may say the absurdity, of this doctrine. 
 But what will you say when I tell you that the Directors have 
 adopted the like notions, which has been the cause of much 
 embarrassment to us in our transactions with the Nabob ; 
 
 (1) Raza Khan, commonly called Raja Sahib. 
 
 (2) Phousdary, from Pers. faujddri, governorship. 
 
No. 163.] 182 
 
 which must in the end prove very detrimental to the Company's 
 affairs ; and I may venture to pronounce, without pretending 
 to the gift of prophecying, that it is impossible matters can long 
 remain in the present situation. The Company must adopt 
 some uniform plan and system in their connexions with the 
 Nabob, or give him up entirely. The defence and protection 
 of the Carnatic rests on them, while the resources are in the 
 Nabob's hands, who refuses to furnish the means necessary 
 for that purpose, and counteracts and opposes every measure 
 of this Government. There was a time when the arguments 
 which worked upon his hopes or fears had some weight, but he 
 now hears everything with the utmost seeming indifference. 
 He no longer looks up to the Company as his friends and 
 supporters, but places his whole confidence in the aid of the 
 Crown. His drift seems to be to play off one against the other, 
 by which means he hopes to free himself from any dependance 
 on the Company ; and when he has gained sufficient strength 
 he flatters himself with the idea of entire independancy. These, 
 my dear Sir, are my thoughts of the consequences of the present 
 system, or rather want of system with the Nabob, which I 
 communicate in confidence to you ; and I can assure you they 
 frequently give me much uneasiness, as I have little pro[s]pect 
 of being able to retire from a scene which promises nothing but 
 perplexity and embarrassment ; and more especially when I see 
 the Company, whose interest I shall ever make it my study to 
 promote, threatened with such imminent danger. 
 
 " From the open and candid manner with which Sir Robert 
 Harland exposed to us his powers, we hoped we should not have 
 been again subjected to the like vexatious correspondence we 
 had been engaged in for a twelvemonth before. But we were 
 only led to hope what we wished. A Minister from the Crown 
 without employment must be without consequence. He must 
 render himself usefull to the Nabob in one shape or other, or 
 the end of his mission is not answered. Sir Robert Harland, 
 rather than remain idle, renewed the same subjects which had 
 been so fully discussed with his predecessor ; but he ventured 
 further. He threatened, when he found we would not adopt 
 the Nabob's system of joining the Morattas, to engage the 
 Crown in an alliance with them, and desired to know whether 
 the Company would in that case assist them with their troops. 
 He was told plainly, but in respectful terms, that they would not. 
 About this time the advices by the Lord Holland arrived, and 
 which it is believed brought orders to Sir Robert Harland from 
 the Ministry respecting the powers he was vested with, as he 
 wrote a letter a few days after very different in style and 
 sentiment from those we had before received from him, and 
 which might be almost construed a disavowal of his former 
 conduct. He, however, still preserves a very close intimacy 
 with the Nabob, who is no doubt led to expect powerfull support 
 from him. This is our situation with regard to the Nabob, and 
 
183 [No. 163. 
 
 which must, continue untill the extraordinary powers sent out 
 are withdrawn, and the Nabob can be again brought to look 
 for no other support from Enghmd but tlu-ough the means of 
 the Company. But I nmcli fear such a change will not soon 
 take place. It will be no easy matter to prevail on the Ministry 
 to relinquish the footing they have gained in India, and the 
 Nabob will give them all the encouragement in his power to 
 persevere in the plan they have adopted untill his views are 
 compleated. 
 
 " The arrival of the Lord Holland gave the Governor and 
 Coimcil an opportunity of acting as they had long wished to 
 do with regard to the Morattas and Hydcr Ally, The latter 
 had not ceased to solicit our assistance, and the Morattas had 
 constantly demanded it with threats, in which they were 
 supported by the Nabob and his Majesty's Minister. The 
 Board were fully determined not to assist the Morattas, from 
 the dangerous consequences to be apprehended from an increase 
 of their power ; and the Nabob could never be prevailed on 
 to take any measures in favor of Hyder Ally. Thus circum- 
 stanced, the Governor and Council thought it expedient to 
 return no decisive answer to either, and to inform both that we 
 should be guided by the orders we might receive from England. 
 Indeed we had so long made use of evasions that it was impossible 
 they could ha\e availed us any longer ; and we must have been 
 obliged to have declared openly in favor of the one or the other, 
 or our resolution to remain neuter. The arrival of the orders 
 by the Lord Holland put us out of suspence, and we no longer 
 hesitated to declare plainly both to the Morattas and Hyder 
 Ally that we were not empowered to afford assistance to either. 
 When the Nabob found that neither his solicitations, the threats 
 of the Minister, nor the fear of a Moratta invasion could induce 
 the Governor and Council to adopt his favourite plan of joining 
 the Morattas, he then, and not till then, set earnestly to work 
 to prevent their ravaging the Province. They had already 
 advanced to the borders, and some parties had actually entered 
 the country and plundered some villages. The negotiation 
 was begun and concluded in a few days, and the Morattas 
 retired into the Balaghaut<i' on the other side of the hills, and 
 were by the last accounts near Syringapatam. We know not 
 on what terms they consented to withdraw, as the Nabob 
 industriously conceals from us every transaction ; but we have 
 heard that he only paid them the four lacks of rupees which 
 remained due of the agreement made in 1760. The ease with 
 which the Nabob settled this business, and that too at a season 
 of the year the most favourable for the Morattas to lay waste 
 the country, confirmed the suspicions we had long entertained 
 that the Morattas had been encouraged, if not invited, by the 
 Nabob himself to threaten this Province in order to frighten or 
 
 (1) Balaghat, the country above the ghauts, the Mysore plateau. 
 
No. 163.] 184 
 
 compell us into an alliance with them. And indeed a circum- 
 stance came to light in the course of the correspondence which 
 afforded further cause for our suspicions. It appeared that the 
 Nabob had obtained from the Morattas a promise of the cession 
 of the Barhamall<^> country and of the fort of Syringapatam 
 in case he could prevail on us to assist in reducing Hyder Ally ; 
 and although he could not be ignorant how little dependance 
 was to be placed on such a promise from the Morattas, it had 
 certainly great weight with him in his political system. Not- 
 withstanding the Morattas had advanced to the very 
 borders of the Province, and we received daily accounts of 
 villages plundered by them, nothing we could urge could 
 prevail on the Nabob to consent that the army, which was 
 returned from before Tan jour to Trichinopoly, should move 
 to some central position to protect the country. We could 
 take no measures without his concurrence, because we had 
 neither the means of paying or subsisting the troops in the 
 field, and because, as the country is the Nabob's, we can 
 attempt nothing for its security without his consent, as we 
 should make ourselves responsible for all consequences, which, 
 considering the present temper of the times, might be ha- 
 zarding too much. 
 
 " I have thus, my dear Sir, given you a faint, but I will venture 
 to say a true, picture of our situation. I need not express my 
 wish that this letter be only comnmnicated to my friend Mr. 
 Bourchier, as it would be improper in me to offer my opinion 
 unasked to others when my situation does not require it." 
 
 I offer you my condolences on the loss of Mr. Vansittart in 
 the Aurora. I had hopes that Harry Griffiths'^) would have 
 been admitted to the service this year. He is a fine sensible 
 boy, and works in my office without pay. I have urged Mr. 
 Du Pre to exert his influence, but he does not care to ask for 
 favours. Mr. Canning'^) is desirous of getting Harry Griffiths' 
 brother William to India as a cadet. Your kindness to the 
 Griffiths' father makes me hope for your aid. 
 
 " Mrs. Stone having for several years labored under a very 
 bad state of health, I have at last been under the necessity of 
 consenting to her proceeding to England. She went the last 
 season by the way of China, and I have had the satisfaction to 
 learn from her that the voyage has given so favourable [a] 
 turn to her constitution that she is perfectly recovered, and 
 would have returned to me without going to England but on 
 account of my dear little girl, whom it was necessary to send 
 home. I need not say how very painfull this separation must 
 be to me, but I have endeavoured to support myself under it 
 with all the patience and resolution I am master of, and with 
 
 U) The Maraiiiahal was the teiTilory situated S.l'L of the present province of 
 Mysore between the lirst and second ranges of the Eastern Ghauts. It extended 
 roughly from the Palar to the Cauvery, and took its name from the circumstance of 
 its division into twelve districts. 
 
 (2) Vide No. 88, p. 117, note 1. 
 
 (3) The Rev. Richard Canning. Cf. No. 50, p. 76. 
 
185 [No. 163. 
 
 the reflexion of my having acted for her's and the child's 
 good ..." 
 
 [Holograph, 14 pp., Uo.] " J. M. Stone." 
 
 [No. 164.] 
 Reyno[ld] Adams to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1772, April 4th, Fort St. George. — I was glad to receive 
 your letter of the 14th April, 1771, brought by Mr. Vansittart. 
 " It gives me much pleasure to find that the wine (a poor token 
 of my gratitude) proved agreeable, which will induce me to 
 repeat it when a favorable opportunity offers, unless any thing 
 else might appear more acceptable." I have remitted to you 
 Pags. 2,000, which I beg you to lend on mortgage or otherwise 
 invest for me. 
 
 " Reyno. Adams." 
 
 [Holograph, 2| pp., 4to.] 
 
 [No. 165.] 
 W[illiam] M[artin] Goodlad to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1772, April 4th, Madras. — I was glad to receive your letter 
 of the 2nd April, 1771,(^) brought by Henry Vansittart. The 
 Plenipotentiary remains quiet, having probably received 
 instructions to that effect, but the Company cannot recover its 
 influence until the powers of the Crown are withdrawn. We 
 have no decision yet regarding the dispute with Coote. The 
 question of my supersession by Mr. Stewart*-' has been settled 
 in my favour, and I am grateful to you for your help in the 
 matter. I shall do what I can to make Harry Vansittart's stay 
 here agreeable, but I have been so overw^helmed with work that 
 I have not yet been able to see him. I am writing to Mr. Sulivan, 
 to whom I owe my first appointment to the Company's service. 
 I would address Mr. Bourchier if I could find the time. 
 
 "W. M. Goodlad." 
 
 [Holograph, 6 pp. -ito.] 
 
 [No. 166.] 
 
 Robert Palk to [William Martin Goodlad]. 
 
 1772, April 7th, Park Place.—" My dear Billy . . The 
 Directors were well pleased with the last accounts from Madras. 
 The success against Tan jour will not raise the Stock, but if we 
 fail it will have a confounded tumble. Sir Robert Harland 
 possibly may have the same powers with Lindsay, but his 
 instructions must be very different. Whatever they are, the 
 House of Conniions will desire to see them, and next Tuesday 
 is appointed for an enquiry into the state of India. On that 
 motion Lord Clive spoke for two hours in vindication of his own 
 
 (1) Vide No. 134, p. 157. 
 
 (2) Cf. No. 119, p. 149. 
 
No. 166.] 186 
 
 conduct. He was followed by Rumbold, Carnac and Coote. 
 The last said that three times the number of troops now 
 employed in India might be paid with the same money, but 
 that the contractors and the canaille spent all the money. All 
 which every officer who ever commanded in India is ready 
 flatly to contradict." 
 
 I have done all in my power to bring your merit to notice 
 in Leadenhall Street. Sir George Colebrooke,'^' to whom I 
 showed your last letter, will be pleased to hear from you. I 
 shall also speak to Purling'-* ; " but they are all such ignoramus's 
 that they understand little or nothing of the affairs abroad. 
 They are only anxious for appearances and carrying on their 
 own jobbs. Suhvan still is a candidate for the succession at 
 Madras, but there seem to me many difficulties in his way." 
 
 "RoBT. Palk." 
 
 [Holograph, 2f pp., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 167.] 
 W[illiam] M[artin] Goodlad to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1772, April 13th, Madras. — I send this by way of Anjengo 
 in hopes of catching the Bombay ships. The Lapwing arrived 
 here yesterday, but the advices by her give us little information. 
 " We shall never be restored to our formergfooting so long as a 
 Minister from the Crown is continued in these parts. The little 
 confidence which remained between His Excellency and the 
 Board must be daily lessened as we find his character open 
 more and more. It seems that the Lapwing was freighted with 
 complaints to the Crown, and I suppose the subsequent dis- 
 patches have been of the same nature. Is it possible to live 
 on terms with the man who is known to endeavour all in his 
 power to thus stab in the dark ? He makes no ceremony of 
 telling the King that the Company's servants encrease his 
 expences at pleasure. By Jove ! I — I am very angry, for I 
 detest every thing so ungenerous." 
 
 The Court of Directors are said to be displeased at the tone 
 of recent letters from here. If any changes take place in 
 consequence, Stone will probably become a member of the 
 Board. In that case I shall try for the Military Secretaryship, 
 and slave until I secure preferment. Purling seems to be my 
 friend, and I hope to win over Sulivan. We continue at peace, 
 but an expedition against the Marawars is talked of. On the 
 whole the prospects on the Coast are promising. 
 
 " W. M. Goodlad." 
 [Holograph, 4<pp., Mo.] 
 
 (1) Sir George Colebrooke, Bt., was Chairman of the Court of Directors in 1769, 
 1770 and 1772. 
 
 (^) John Purling. Vide No. 98, p. 12U, note 1. 
 
187 
 
 [No. 1C8.] 
 CoLONET, Gilbert Ironside to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1772, April 13th, Fort William. — I am very grateful for 
 your civility to Mrs. Ironside and her brother. I have just seen 
 Mr. Palk and his wife. Although he incurred the Company's 
 displeasure some years ago, I think he might have been treated 
 more leniently in consideration of his good service at Patna. 
 " From Mr. Hastings, however, I am persuaded he will meet 
 with those instances of esteem and regard he can wish for from 
 the Governour and the friend. George is now next to Council, 
 and I am afraid will soon be called to the Board. 
 
 " There was a talk not long since of Mr. Hastings' intentions 
 to desire my assistance to promote the public cause, and in 
 consequence to remain at the Presidency with him. Whether 
 he perseveres in his resolution I know not. His accession to 
 the Chair was on the 13th instant. A few days therefore will 
 determine whether I am to continue a devious campaign life, 
 or to repose under the olive shade 'till my rank entitles me to a 
 brigade. The latter I think most probable, for though 
 experience and disappointments have rendered me rather 
 diffident of cherishing too fond and sanguine expectations from 
 the smiles of power, yet I have the firmest reliance on the 
 obligations of friendship . . . 
 
 " From the library of the Nawab Mahmud Riza Chan'^* I had 
 the good fortune to meet with a copy of the digests or pandects 
 of the Arabian Canon and Civil Laws. One volume is entirely 
 transcribed, and my Arabic writers are advanced far in copying 
 the remaining one with the Comment. I thought it preferable 
 to procure both rather than the second volume only that you 
 wrote for, least the first of yours should be imperfect. They will 
 be ready to dispatch by the packet of September. 
 
 " In political matters here there is nothing very remarkable. 
 The King, in the hands of the Morrattas, gained a considerable 
 victory over the Rohellas in the course of the month of February, 
 and afterwards besieged a strong fortress in the same country 
 called Pattagur,(-> where he took an immense booty. Shujah 
 Dowlah, against whom the Moratta[s], from former resentments, 
 have long vowed vengeance, is at present with his forces on 
 the Rohellah frontier, and one of our brigades at the Caram- 
 nassah*^' in readiness to march to his assistance. But it is 
 now the general opinion that they will not trouble him this 
 season, for they entertain a very formidable idea of our force 
 united to the Vizier's, and with reason. 
 
 <!' Nawab Muhammad Raza Khan was Naili Diwan, or finance minister, of Bengal 
 until the Company itself assumed the Diwani m accorilance with the grant procured 
 hy Clive. 
 
 '2) Patthagarh, a fort now in ruins in the United Provinces. The place was sacked 
 by the Marathas in 1772. 
 
 (3) The river Caramnassah (Karamnasa), a tributary of the Ganges, formed the 
 boundary between the Company's Bengal territories and the country of the Nawab 
 Vizier of Oudh. 
 
No. 168.] 188 
 
 " All apprehensions of a French invasion may be laid aside, 
 I tjiink, for this monsoon. Last year, indeed, they might have 
 effected much from the supineness, negligence and weakness 
 of our administration ; but neither in present nor in future 
 can they have any great probability of succeeding, for we have 
 now a very large force near Calcutta, and the fortifications on 
 the river and at Fort William are advanced beyond an appre- 
 hension of insult. Another year I hope completes them . . ." 
 
 " Gilbert Ironside." 
 
 [Holograph, 3f pp., flscp.] 
 
 [No. 169.] 
 
 Lau[rence] Sulivan to Robert Palk, Esqr., Park Place, 
 St. James's. 
 
 1772, May 27th, Queen Square. — " Dear Sir, I am now to 
 give you a melancholly state of those affairs that in the decline 
 of life have compleated my ruin. 
 
 " When Mr. Waller's bond is recovered we have suflficient 
 (within one hundred pounds either way) to discharge every 
 debt (your own excepted), and upon the close will stand 
 thus:" . . To you I owe 10,490/. 25. lid., and to Henry 
 Vansittart's estate 7,325/. 5*. 2d. ; total 17,815/. 85. Id. 
 
 " For these sums it's at present out of my power to offer 
 more than my bonds, my estate being (between ourselves) 
 mortgaged to Mr. Dunning'^' . . . My India qualification is 
 also mortgaged. I have nothing left. All that I can at present 
 secure to you or the familly is " the sums due from Mr. Maclean,'^' 
 Lord Shelburne, Lord Verney and Mrs. Forest, aggregating 
 9,070/. " If these are accepted as transferrs, my debt of 17,815/ 
 8*. Id. will be reduced to 8,745/. 8s. Id. ; or my bonds may be 
 taken for the whole sums, and these made over as part payment 
 when received. I have not a shilling more to appropriate. 
 We live now principally upon my son's income, the good youth 
 hardly allowing himself 100/. a year. My wife (who merits a 
 better fate) suspecting and dreading (though not knowing) my 
 circumstances, has often pressed me to part with our two 
 houses [? horses], coach and some servants, which indeed I had 
 agreed to, but Mr. Motteux'^) soon convinced me that such a step 
 would defeat all my prospects both as to India or even the India 
 House, giving my enemys the very proof they were in diligent 
 search of for to destroy me. 
 
 " I trust, however, that nobody shall suffer, as my deter- 
 mination is fixed to go to India, and hope and believe there 
 will be no dilliculty ; but my desperate situation and the 
 contents of this letter must be lodged in your own breast, for 
 in its extent this is known to no soul living but your self. 
 
 As I have experienced your affection, I build upon your 
 
 it. 
 
 <1) John Dunning. Vide No. 105, p. 135, note 4. 
 
 (2) Colonel Lauchlan Macleane. 
 
 (3) John Motteux. Vide No. 97, p. 127, note 1. 
 
189 [So. 109. 
 
 friendship to settle for me with Mr. Van's executors before you 
 leave town, and indeed I ask and entreat it as the greatest 
 favour; for my feeUngs are such and my heart, thank God, so 
 pure, tluit disagreeable altercations with Mr, Boelini*^* or even 
 the most distant insinuation writ [?] would hurt me beyond 
 expression ; for though I will never complain, I must do 
 justice to Mr. lioehm's character as an honest man. Yet I, 
 cannot forget him (and I hav^e a witness to remember) as the 
 cause of my present extensive misery. I will not doubt but 
 the familly have some regard for me, and good policy must lead 
 them to every act of consistent tenderness, for abroad I may be 
 of essential service, and even at home (should it be wanted) a 
 usefull friend, and I think my conduct has ever been such as 
 to claim their confidence . . . 
 
 " As the ballance of my account differs from the amount in 
 the books kept by Mr. Motteux, ... I shall be ready to meet 
 Mr. Boehm at Mr. Motteux's to explain the whole to him . . " 
 
 " Lau. Sulivan." 
 
 [P.S.J — " I look upon the whole that Mr. Maclean owes to 
 be very secure, for (not to be mentioned) Sir George Colebrooke 
 is pledged to send him to India to some very lucrative post."'^' 
 
 [Holograph, 2 pp., flscp. Wax seal hearing arms.^ 
 
 [No. 170.] 
 L[aurence] Sulivan to Rob[er]t Palk, Esqr., Park Place. 
 
 N.D. [1772, cir. end of May]. Wednesday. — " Since my letter 
 to you was closed I have received from Mr. Motteux the 
 accompany[ing] note sent him by Mr. Boehm. It is Mr. 
 Motteux's desire to do no more than to deliver Mr. Boehm 
 copys of my account and Mr. Vansittart's, deceased, as they 
 stand upon the books ; or the books themselves for Mr. Boehm 
 to take copys ; or he will meet Mr. Boehm and me (if I ask it), 
 and follow our directions. I have given Mr. Motteux no answer, 
 nor will he be in town untill next week. 
 
 " I can have no objection to settle my account, and leave out 
 the unliquidated claims, and there are but two ways of 
 adjusting : — the one as stated to you in my letter, where I 
 consider my self as answerable for the whole deficiency, to you 
 for your whole debt, and to Van's estate for his ballance ; or, 
 to you for my half of your debt, and Van's estate answerable 
 to you for the other moiety. This no doubt you may claim, 
 which puts my debt to Va[n] at upwards of £12,000, and to 
 
 (1) Edmund Boehm. Vide No. 97, p. 127, note 2. 
 
 (2) Laucblan Macleane entered the Bengal Army as Captain in 1758, and retired 
 as Major in 1766. Re-appointed by the influence of Sir George Colebrooke, who 
 was Chairman of the Court of Directors in 1772, Macleane returned to India with 
 the rank of Lt. Colonel and the appointment of Commissary General, Bengal. In 
 1775 he was selected to act as Hastings's agent in England. He watched the 
 Governor General's interest in Parliament, negotiated with the King's Ministers 
 and the Court of Directors, and took part in the conference at Haldon House which 
 led to his tender of Hastings's conditional resignation. Colonel Macleane, who 
 also represented Nawab VValajah in England, died in 1778. 
 
No. 170.J 190 
 
 you 5,240Z. It will be kind (and I trust safe) if you suffer 
 me to be your debtor for the whole, when the executors will 
 make no great difficulty in taking my bond for the 8,000 and 
 odd pounds. They may for 12,000/, 
 
 " My dear friend, the hour grows critical to me and those 
 who depend upon payment. Rash and imprudent conduct may 
 be destructive. For this reason I dread vour going out of town. 
 For God's sake fix matters for me before you go. It shall be 
 the last trouble I will give you. My obligations to you are great : 
 my heart will ever gratefully feel them, and I pledge myself 
 you shall not suffer by me. The Supravision I think will take 
 place in a fortnight or three weeks, which will end all my 
 difhcultys. 
 
 " I am, dear Sir, your faithfull and most affectionate 
 
 " L. SULIVAN." 
 
 [Holograph, 1| p., Mo. Wax seal with a^'ms.] 
 
 [No. 171.] 
 Lau[rence] Sulivan to Robert Palk, Esqr., Park Place. 
 
 N.D. [1772, cir. end of May]. Queen Square. — " All in my 
 power is to thank you, and, if Providence favours me, you shall 
 not suffer. I will meet Mr. Boehm at Mr. Motteux's at 
 11 o'clock next Wednesday. 
 
 " Mr. Ley has desired to continue with Captain Hough, and 
 Hough and Mr. Lane'^' are as desirous to keep hiin," Should 
 he wish a transfer to another ship I will do what I can, but it 
 will be best for him to remain in the Ponsborne. 
 
 " Lau, Sulivan." 
 
 [Holograph, | p., Uo. Wax seal with arms, defaced.] 
 
 [No. 172.] 
 Henry Vansittart, jun., to [Robert Palk, Esqr.]. 
 
 1772, August 28th, Bengal. — " Dear Sir, Mr. Palk sent me 
 your letter from Calcutta to Cossimbuzar, where, after the fatal 
 accident that carried off Mr. Morse, I was sent bv mv friends, 
 and became one of Mr. Hastings's family. From thence I set 
 off a week ago for Patna, and am now advanced on my way as 
 far as Raja Mall. 
 
 " As I shall never be settled till I see my uncle, I long much 
 for the time, as I do not doubt, from the affection he expresses, 
 he will afford me all manner of assistance, and particularly in 
 my study of the Persian language . . ." 
 
 " Henry Vansittart." 
 
 " September 9th. I arrived yesterday at Monghyr, which is 
 situated at the distance of more than 300 miles from Calcutta. 
 Mr. Finch, ^-' who was my shipmate, is now an ensign upon the 
 Coast, and at present is stationed at Trichinopoly . . ." 
 
 [Holograph, 2 pp., Uo.] 
 
 (1^ Thomas Ley was third officer of the Ponsborne, under Captain Samuel 
 Hough, jind Thomas Lane was managing owner of the ship. 
 (2) Ensign James Finch. 
 
191 
 
 [No. 173.] 
 Ensign J. Snelling to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1772, September 2nd, Jillmore.'^' — My brother Corwarcled 
 to nie your kind letter of condolenee on the loss of my mother. 
 Thanks to you, 1 am now able to support myself. 1 saw Mr. 
 Morse shortly before his death. Both he and Mr. Goodlad 
 showed me kindness. T was unfortunate in not seeing service 
 either at Tanjore or in the Marawa expedition. When my 
 battalion left Palamcotah lor Madras I was transferred to this 
 place, which is near Ganjam. 
 
 [Holograph, 2 p/?., Uo.] " J. Snelling." 
 
 [No. 174.] 
 Warren Hastings to Lau[rence] Sulivan, Esqr. 
 
 1772, September 7th, Cossimbuzar. — " Dear Sir, I hope you 
 will not expect a long letter from me when you see the name of 
 the place which I write from. I will be more communicative by 
 the Lapwing, which perhaps will arrive as soon as this ship, 
 unless I hear before that you are certainly on your way to Bengal 
 as a Commissioner, or to Fort St. George as a Governor, for 
 report says you must be one. 
 
 " I have made use of the information and talents of Nund 
 Comar. I have obtained a reward for him equal to his future 
 services, be they ever so important, and far beyond his past 
 deserts. And I have avoided to give him such trust or authority 
 as he could turn to the Company's detriment. This was the 
 proposition laid down for me in the letter of the Secret Committee 
 and enjoined in yours. I beg you will support and confirm your 
 own work. I am happy that you recommended it. It was the 
 only measure which could have effectually broken the power 
 of Mahmud Rizza Cawn<^'. 
 
 " Munny Begum, the widow of Meer Jaffier, is appointed 
 Superintendant of the Nabob's household, an irreconcileable 
 enemy to Mahmud Rizza Cawn. 
 
 " Rajah Goordass, the son of Nund Comar is made Dewan of 
 the Nizamut. 
 
 '' The Nabob's stipend is reduced from 32 lacks to 16. This 
 ought to have been done 7 months ago. 
 
 " The settlement of the revenue of Bengal has been begun 
 and compleated as far as 60 lacks for a term of .5 years upon 
 the plan of which you were informed in a former letter. The 
 remainder will take up some months more. The Company 
 will not lose nor the inhabitants suffer from our arrangements, 
 although the depopulation by the late famine and mortality 
 exceeds all belief. 
 
 (1' Jelmur in Ganjam, where Narayan Deo was defeated by CoJonel Peach 
 in 1768. Cf. No. 42, p. 68, note 2. 
 
 (2) Muhammad Raza Khan (vide No. 168, p. 187, note 1) was arrested in 
 A-ugust, 1772, on charges of peculation. He was eventually acquitted. 
 
No. 174.J 192 
 
 " The Collectors still remain, but their power is much reduced. 
 
 " It has been resolved, as the most effectual means of con- 
 ducting the Dewaunee on the system ordered by the Company, 
 to transfer the collections to Calcutta, which will become the 
 seat of the Dewaunee and the capital of the Province. 
 
 " Regulations have been framed for the administration of 
 justice, which will do us little credit with the learned in the law, 
 but they will prove of service in a land which to this day exists 
 without any Court or forms of Justice. 
 
 " The principles of all our measures have been to establish 
 the new system which the Directors have adopted ; to 
 break the influence of the former administration ; to avail 
 ourselves of the present minority to establish the line of the 
 Company's power, and habituate the people and the Nabob to 
 their sovereignty, and to make it acceptable to the former by 
 an attention to their ease and by a mild and equal plan of 
 government. 
 
 " I beg of you to read such of the proceedings of this Committee 
 as have been communicated to the Board. You will find them, 
 I suppose, in the Consultations. 
 
 '' Much has been said against Nund-Comar, whose real 
 character I have endeavored to delineate. 
 
 " The reasons assigned for dividing the offices of the 
 Nizamut'i) and giving the chief administration to a woman 
 deserve your attention. The preface to our judicial establish- 
 ment will also shew the state of the Courts and offices of Justice 
 before in being, and fully evince the necessity as well as the 
 propriety of those which we have adopted. 
 
 " The examination of Mahmud Rizza Cawn still remains in 
 suspense. I am inclined to leave it , to the Supervisors, for I 
 doubt the sufficiency of my own powers to bear me through it. 
 
 " The other enquiries referred to me will only serve to shew 
 the impotency of the authority which constitutionally rests 
 with the President. You empower me to punish, but you give 
 me no means to call the offenders to account. But I am going 
 into too wide a field for the time allowed me to finish this letter. 
 This may be the subject of a longer. 
 
 " We are yet happily at peace, but great pains have been 
 taken by the Vizier*^) to draw us into a war, which I shall use 
 all my efforts to avoid. In this I hope to be heartily supported 
 by my fellow laborers. The Marrattas have retired, as was 
 foreseen, from the Rohella country, and arc engaged in a war 
 with the Jauts*''' with little success. They will probably return 
 after the rains. The Vizier has demanded the presence of our 
 forces, which we have promised, with a declaration that they 
 shall be employed only in the defence of his dominions, but not 
 move an inch beyond them unless the Marattas begin hostilities 
 
 (1) Nizdmat, administration. 
 
 (2) Shu.ja-ud-daula, Nawnl) Vizier of Oudh. 
 
 (3) The Jats occupied territory to the westward of the Rohillas. 
 
193 [No. 174. 
 
 with us. The King is at Delhi in union, that is, in subjection 
 to the Marrattas. 
 
 " I am, with the most sincere regard, dear Sir, your obhged 
 and faithful servant, 
 
 " Warren Hastings." 
 
 [Autograph, 6 pp., Uo. Duplicate.] 
 
 [No. 175.] 
 W[illiam] M[artin] Goodlad to [Robert Palk, Esqr.]. 
 
 1772, September 27th, Madras. — I enclose my last letter, 
 which missed the ship at Tellicherry. Hence I am not yet in 
 correspondence with Mr. Sulivan ; in fact it will be of little use 
 to write to him, as we hear he is to be our next Governor. I 
 received your letter of the 2nd December from Haldon House, 
 and one of the 2nd February*^' from Park Place, delivered 
 by Captain Baker. The orders received from home 
 commend our proceedings except in regard to Coote. In this 
 matter the Directors are inconsistent: — "When Coote comes 
 out they declare his commission to be similar to that of General 
 Lawrence ; while the General remained here under that commission 
 they declared their Governor to be their superior military officer ; 
 and now they say they intended that Coote should have had 
 the powers he claimed. I am ashamed of them . . . The papers 
 and some private letters make mention of a speech made by 
 Coote in the House of Commons relative to the discipline of 
 our troops. The confidence of some people is astonishing ! 
 Could you believe that this man never saw any of the troops 
 whilst he was here but those of Madras (allowed on all hands 
 to be the worst disciplined in the service), and the recruits at 
 Poonamallee, and yet he could take upon himself universally 
 to condemn ? . . ." 
 
 I am glad that the plan of sending out Supervisors is 
 suspended, though they might have been of some use in Bengal. 
 " Hastings is warm on the plan of reformation, and has already 
 so curtailed the expences as to render the clear revenues to 
 the Company much more considerable than they were . . .1 
 have seen more of the charges laid against Lord Clive than has 
 possibly fallen to your share or that of most in England, and 
 have not a doubt respecting the truth of most of the articles ; 
 and yet I do not think the accused will meet with their deserts. 
 The truth is that they cannot suffer without others are also 
 involved, and I imagine that after some little bustle in the 
 House of Commons the affair will drop." 
 
 I told you in my last of the expedition projected against the 
 Mara wars. " It did take place accordingly, and with little 
 trouble the countries of both Marawars were subdued. The 
 treasure taken in Ramanadapuram and Calacoil is said to have 
 been immense ; but whatever sums were then obtained, the 
 
 (1) Vide No. 149, p. 169, and No. 153, /). 170. 
 
 N 
 
No. 175.] 19-i 
 
 acquisition to the Nabob is immense, as the countries, even 
 without tyranny and oppression, are well worth 20 lacks of 
 rupees per annum . . . The Colleries'^' in those parts are still 
 troublesome, and the eldest son'^* with a detachment keepfs] 
 the field ; but every thing must be soon totally subdued , . , 
 The Marattas, finding it impossible totally to subdue Hyder, 
 have compromised matters for 60 lacks and returned to their 
 own country. Hyder will not be in a condition to disturb us 
 for some time. The Soubah is too weak to create troubles in 
 the Circars. The French are by all accounts returned to Europe 
 with their ships and troops, and I think matters wear a general 
 aspect of peace. We have had no disputes with the Plenipo 
 since those I wrote you of, though there have been some little 
 bickerings with the Admiral, but not of much moment . . . 
 
 "It is now the 2nd October, eleven years this day since we 
 landed at Madras. How many more shall I be obliged to 
 slave ? I shall have much to say to you when Du Pre leaves 
 us. I think that in him I have made a valuable addition to 
 my friends ..." 
 
 "W. M. GOODLAD." 
 
 [Holograph, 7 pp., 4^o.] 
 
 [No. 176.] 
 J[ohn[ M[axwell] Stone to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1772, September 30th, Fort St. George. — I send this by the 
 Hazvke, sloop, which the Admiral is dispatching to the Cape. 
 
 " The Morattas, having made peace with Hyder Ally, are 
 returned to their own country. The Maravar and Naalcooty'^' 
 Polygars have, at the desire of the Nabob, been reduced. We 
 have now two detachments in the field, the. one employed in 
 assisting the Nabob to settle that country, and the other is 
 going against the Polygars in the Tinnevelly country, whom we 
 were obliged to call to account in' 1765, and whom the Nabob 
 represents as being refractory and disobedient. Our disputes 
 with His Majesty's Minister are for the present subsided. Most 
 of the French troops are returned to Europe from the Islands, 
 and the Company's affairs on this coast wear as favourable an 
 aspect as can be expected considering the state of their present 
 connexions with the Nabob . . . 
 
 " You will probably have received advices from other hands 
 of the death of Mr. Morse. Mrs. Morse, soon after the event, 
 sent for me and requested of me, in case of her death, to be one 
 of her executors. My earnest desire of affording all the 
 assistance in my power to a family so respectable, and with 
 whom you are so nearly connected, induced me to assure Mrs. 
 
 (1) The Colleries (KaUars) of Madura and Tinnevelly, men skilled in forest 
 warfare, formed the irregular levies of the local Poligars. 
 
 (2) Umdat-ul-Umara. 
 
 (8) The Nalkottai Poligar was the Little Maravar. He is now styled llaja of 
 Sivaganga. 
 
195 [No. 176. 
 
 Morse of my readiness to accept of the charge." Mrs. Morse 
 has smce been seriously ill, but is now better. " On the death 
 of Mr. Morse, Mr. Boddam'^' at Tellicherry requested that I 
 would, with Mr. De Friez, take charge of his affairs. This I 
 have consented to, and so nuich the more readily as Mr. De 
 Friez, who had the management of them in Mr. Morse's time, 
 is well acquainted with the state of them. 
 
 " After just seventeen years' service I was in June last taken 
 into Council and appointed a member of the Select Committee. 
 By desire of Mr. Du Pre I still, however, retain my post of 
 Secretary to both." I shall be glad to relinquish the secretary- 
 ship, which I have held for ten years. " Whenever I resign I 
 believe Goodlad will succeed to my department, for which no 
 one is better qualified . . . 
 
 " I believe Mr. Du Pre will certainly leave us in January. 
 It will not be easy to find a person endowed with equal abilities, 
 steadiness and attention to business to succeed him. We have 
 no intimation from home who the person is to be. If a successor 
 does not arrive before his departure, he will leave the charge 
 of the Government in the hands of Mr. Wynch. 
 
 " I hope Mrs. Stone and my little girl are before this time 
 safely arrived in England . . ." 
 
 [Holograph, 6| pp., Mo.] " J. M. Stone." 
 
 [No. 177.] 
 Reyno[ld] Adams to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1772, October 2nd, Fort St. George.—" Captain Baker 
 brought me your esteemed favor of the 7th February. . . I am 
 sorry to say that his watering scheme will entirely overset my 
 employ, as, if he pleases, [he] may furnish all the shipping with 
 water, which ... is almost the only perquisite belonging to 
 my employ, and which, since the arrival of the squadron, has 
 been something considerable." I have represented this to Mr. 
 Du Pre, who admits the hardship but will not interfere, 
 
 " By the death of Mr, Morse Mr, Goodlad is, I believe, yovir 
 sole attorney. I shall regularly pay him the rent of Miss Palk's 
 house, which, if ever you should chuse to dispose of, I will be 
 glad to purchase at what price you may please to put on it . . " 
 
 The person sent out to succeed me is a Mr. Taswell, who is 
 trying to secure the command of a country ship until I leave 
 the service. My health has not been good of late, and I shall 
 resign if Captain Baker succeeds with his water scheme. The 
 latter has not treated me generously, and I hope you will use 
 your influence to prevent my being deprived of the right of 
 watering the shipping. Failing this, I might share the right 
 with Captain Baker, with whose town water supply I should 
 not interfere. " Reyno. Adams." 
 
 [Autograph, 2f pp., flscp. Duplicate.] 
 
 (1) Rawson Hart Boddam, afterwards Governor of Bombay. 
 
196 
 
 [No. 178.] 
 W[illiam] M[artin] Goodlad to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1772, October 3rd, Fort St. George. — lit my letter of the 
 30th September " I mentioned the death of Mr. Morse. By 
 this accident and the departure of Mr. Hastings, Wj^nch and 
 I are left your only attornies here, and he probably will not 
 remain long with us, and it is therefore necessary that you 
 should join someone with me. It will be necessary also that 
 you send particular instructions relative to your affairs in general, 
 for the executors of Mr. Morse tell me that your sentiments 
 are partly conveyed in private letters to him and partly in 
 general letters to your attornies. His affairs are left in so 
 perplexed a state that, though he died in May, I could not 
 obtain the papers till a few days ago." The amount due to 
 you will be about Pags. 6,500, and to the General Pags. 1,500. 
 " Permit me to recommend Mr. William Petrie*^) to be joined 
 with me in the management of your affairs. I know his worth, 
 or I would not mention him." 
 
 "W. M. Goodlad." 
 
 [Holograph, 2 pp., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 179.] 
 Chocapah to the Hon'ble Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1772, October 10th, Fort St. George. — " Govcrnour Du 
 Pre's intention is to place Mr. Wynch in the government of 
 this place, and to take his passage home in January next. This 
 gentleman in every respect made a good Govcrnour, and all the 
 inhabitants in these parts enjoyed peace and quietness in his 
 government. The Marattys has at last settled with Hyder 
 Ally, and received eighty lacks of rupees and gone up to their 
 country. I hope they will not [give] trouble to the Carnatick 
 for sometime ; and Hyder, after settling with them, is preparing 
 his army to go against the King of Travencore to see if he can 
 get any thing there." 
 
 The French received three ships from France this year with 
 goods and money. At Pondichcrry they have now 700 men 
 and 400 sepoys, and works of fortification are being carried on 
 by M. Law. " Mr. Charles Smith(-) went to Pondichcry in 
 August last and stayed there for about a month, married one of 
 the daughters of Mr. Law, who was a military officer when that 
 place was taken by the English, and brought her sister with him 
 to get her a husband. General Smith resigned the service to 
 Colonel Sir Robert Fletcher, and intends taking his passage 
 Jiome in January next." 
 
 (1) W'illiaiu Petric, a Madras civil servant of 17(55, bccaino Resident at Nagore 
 on the acquisition of that territory in 1778. Ho subsequently erected an astro- 
 nomical observatory at Madras, which was taken over by Government in 1789. 
 In the fnllowiiif,' year Pctrie entered Sir Charles Oakeley's Council as second member, 
 and in 1S(I!I he was apixiinted Governor of Prince of Wales's Island, where he died 
 in 1810. 
 
 (-) Charles Smith. Vide No. 118, /). IJti, note 1, 
 
197 [No. 179. 
 
 Mr. Andrews*^) has resigned the service and goes to England ; 
 Mr. Stratton*-' has become Chief at Vizagapatam, and Mr. 
 Brooke*'** is to reheve Mr. Wyneh at Masuhpatani. It is reported 
 that Mr. SuHvan will come out as Governor. If he does, please 
 recommend me to him. " Mr. Morse departed this life the 
 28th May last, who was a father and freind to all the people 
 in Madrass. Jangama Chitty is in prison ever since your honour 
 went home, and he has hardly any thing to maintain himself. 
 I don't think he is able to discharge any part of your debts ..." 
 
 " Chocapah." 
 
 [Autograph, 2 pp., flscp.] 
 
 [No. 180.] 
 Chocapah to the Hon'ble Charles Bourchier, Esqr. 
 
 [The greater part of this letter is identical with No. 179 to 
 Robert Palk.] 
 
 1772, October 10th, Fort St. George.—" I have in my 
 former letters advised your honour of the bad situation 
 Cheppermall Chitty's'^' affairs were in, and that he was greatly 
 reduced . . . for want of business in the Mint . . , and therefore 
 requested your honour would be pleased to intercede in his 
 behalf to Lord Pigot, and get his Lordship to excuse him of the 
 debt he owes to him . . ." " Chocapah." 
 
 [Autograph, 2 pp., flscp.] 
 
 [No. 181.] 
 J[ohn] M[axwell] Stone to Robert Palk, Esqr, 
 
 1772, October 15th, Fort St. George.— The subject of this 
 letter has long been on my mind, but before discussing^it I 
 desire to thank you for your favourable mention of me to some 
 of the Directors. My obligations to you are very great. 
 
 " I am well aware how irksome, and I may say odious, a task 
 it is to arraign the capacities and abilities of men ; and I am 
 thoroughly sensible that such an attempt may be imputed to 
 presumption or arrogance or, what is worse, to motives of self- 
 interest and advantage. However, as I am conscious that 
 my intentions are only to promote the good of the Company ; 
 as I am convinced that I am addressing a friend to whom I may 
 with safety lay open my sentiments without reserve from an 
 assurance that an improper use will not be made of them, I shall 
 lay them before you with that freedom which I think the 
 subject requires. 
 
 " I remember, when you was in India, to have frequently 
 looked over with you the list of Company's servants on this 
 
 (1) John Andrews. Vide No. 52, p. 78, note 1. 
 
 (2) George Stratton. Vide No. 47, p. 72, note 6. 
 
 (3) Henry Brooke. Vide No. 31, p. 51, note 2. 
 
 (4) Cheppermvll Chitty, also called Tapermaul Chitty, succeeded his father 
 Linga Chetti in 1757 as native manager of the Mint under the Assay Master. 
 
No. 181.] 198 
 
 establishment. The remarks made by you at that time with 
 respect to some of them have since made a deeper impression 
 on my mind ; and I every day see more forcibly the danger 
 to which this Government may be exposed by admitting persons 
 into Council merely because they stand next in succession, 
 without a proper regard to their merit and abilities. It is true 
 the repeated orders of the Company on this subject are 
 sufficiently clear and express, and give the Board full latitude 
 in the choice of their members ; but it is a subject of a very 
 tender and delicate nature, and there are few men who are 
 willing to declare publickly on their records their opinion of 
 any one when such opinion may tend to the prejudice of the 
 person in question." 
 
 You are well acquainted with the characteristics of the present 
 members of the Board ; and in view of the approaching 
 departure of Mr. Du Pre and the difficulties we may have to 
 meet in connection with the INIinister and the Nawab, I would 
 urge that future selections for the Council should be regulated 
 on the basis of ability and strength of character rather than 
 seniority. Should such a course be adopted, " I will venture 
 to say that the Company cannot fix upon a person more 
 deserving in every respect of such a mark of their preference 
 than Goodlad. I acknowledge the sincere friendship I have for 
 him ; but at the same time I can assure you that is not the 
 motiv^e which weighs with me. I am induced to mention him 
 from the perfect knowledge I have of his disposition, capacity 
 and abilities, and to which you are no stranger ; and I may add 
 that the credit and reputation with which he has so long filled 
 one of the most laborious and difficult employs in the service 
 would, in my opinion, well justify such a mark of the Company's 
 favor and attention . . ." " J. M. Stone." 
 
 [Holograph, 9 pp., 4<to.] 
 
 [No. 182.] 
 Jos[iAs] Du Pre to [Robert] Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1772, October 15th, Fort St. George. Received 12th April, 
 1773. — " I wish a successor had been appointed that I might 
 have crossed the surf with all due forms. Yet considering that 
 all our affairs arc in tranquility, that my constitution is worn 
 out, and that I have 150 other good reasons, I seriously intend 
 to seat our friend Wynch in the Chair and embark for Europe 
 in January. My enemies will blame me. I have weighed 
 the consequences on both sides. The arguments for going 
 appear to me irresistable, and I yield to them . . . 
 
 " Our best wishes wait on Mrs. Palk and your family. Pray 
 remember me to the worthy General." 
 
 " Jos. Du Pre." 
 
 [P.S.] — " The plate I received from Mr. Bourchier has been 
 valued and the amount paid to Mr. Morse, who, you will hear, 
 
199 [No. 182. 
 
 is numbered with those who have hved. I have shown to Mrs. 
 Morse every attention in my power. 
 
 " Don't bcHeve them — those I mean who told you we 
 threatened to appeal to a higher tribunal. We said no sueh 
 thing, but we made them ashamed of themselves for what 
 they said, and they did not know how to get off but by aeeusing 
 us of what we never said. Peace be with them. I deliver them 
 over to their own conseiences, if they have any." 
 
 [Holograph, 1| p., 4^o.] 
 
 [No. 183.] 
 Edward CoTsroRD(i) to [Robert Palk, Esqr.]. 
 
 1772, October 15th, Madrass. Received 12th April, 1773.— 
 " Dear Sir, After so long a silence it is with difficulty I can 
 prevail on myself to address you at all ; not through want of 
 inclination, but from a conviction that it requires more rhetoric 
 than I am master of to set forth sufficient reasons for having 
 so long neglected paying you my respects . . . 
 
 " About two months after yoiu* departure for England I was 
 under the necessity of leaving Ganjam through illness, having 
 been brought to death's door by a violent fever. During my 
 absence Narraindoo'-' (Zemeindar of Khimedy and since dead) 
 took possession of all the northern part of the Cicacole Circar, 
 so that I escaped being made a prisoner, but lost all the effects 
 I had at Ganjam. Some time afterwards, in consequence of 
 the war with Hyder Ally, a very considerable reinforcement of 
 troops were transported to the Coast from Calcutta, and 
 proceeded by the way of Commamett and Worangol tov/ards 
 Hyderabad, which l^rought the Soubah of the Decan to a. peace 
 with us. The Bengal detachment not being wanted in the 
 Carnatic, it was employed in reducing Narraindoo, and in which 
 they so far succeeded as to drive him out of the country and 
 take all his forts and strongholds. 
 
 " At the time the peace was made with the Soubah I made 
 application to Mr. Bourchier to return again to Ganjam, 
 thinking it a favourable juncture for getting a detachment of 
 seapoys for the service of the Itchapour district, to act under 
 my own orders. The Governour at first did not encourage it, 
 judging there was but a small probability of any advantage 
 accruing to the Company from the measure, and also a great 
 risque to myself. For my own part, I was an adventurer, and 
 had nothing to lose. So I returned again and carried with 
 
 (1) Captain Edward Cotsford entered the military service in Dec, 1758, as 
 Practitioner Engineer and Ensign, but tiis name was also borne on the civil list 
 from 1759. He served in the Manila expedition of 1762 and in the two sieges of 
 Madura. After a visit to England he was appointed by Palk irx 1766 to bo Resident 
 in Ganjam, a post he occupied for several years. He was independent of the Chief 
 at Vizagapatam and was responsible directly to Madras. In 1776 he prepared for 
 Orme a monograph on the development of the Fort St. George defences from 1743 
 to the time of the siege of 1758-59. 
 
 (21 Narayan Deo. Vide No. 42, p. 68, note 2. 
 
No. 183.] 200 
 
 me a detachment, and was as expeditious as I possibly could 
 with the Zemeindars that I might not lose the opportunity of 
 the vicinity of the Bengal detachment. At the close of the war 
 with Hyder Ally the Europeans of the Bengal detachment 
 embarked for Calcutta at Vizagapatam, and the three battalions 
 of seapoys proceeded by land, that being an indulgence promised 
 them at their embarkation for the Coast. In their passage 
 through the Itchapour country I made use of their presence as 
 essentially as I could consistent with the time they were to 
 stay and reflections on what my situation would be after their 
 departure. I have since from time to time been reinforced, 
 and we have now stationed in that district fifteen companies 
 of seapoys and the Coffery'^> company. 
 
 " I have been extreamly fortunate in every measure I have 
 engaged in in that country, and have brought the Zemeindars 
 into some kind of order, though not without a considerable 
 share of trouble and some loss of men, having had killed and 
 wounded in all at different times between 4 and 500 men. 
 However, the Company have not lost a grain of military 
 reputation, and their revenues there are increased. We have 
 not yet began an Investment, the country not being in a state 
 to undertake it without the risking the loss of the money, the 
 weaving villages lying in the Zemeindaries for the most part. . . 
 At present it yields an annual profit of 150,000 rupees, after 
 paying the charges civil and military, and expence of fortification 
 and buildings. The Fort is nearly finished with a revetement — 
 I mean the body of the place — and is sufficiently large to contain 
 all the buildings necessary for merchandize and military stores 
 suitable to the degree of importance of the place. As you are 
 the person to whom I am indebted for this post, I have been 
 somewhat more particular than I should otherwise have been. 
 It has answered my expectations in every respect, and I feel 
 the greatest pleasure in informing you that my conduct has 
 always been approved by the Board. 
 
 " The Zemeindaries dependant on Vizagapatam are for the 
 most part under the immediate management of Sitteram 
 Rauze,<2' which is undoubtedly improper, as it prevents the 
 Chief there from ever gaining such a knowledge of the country 
 as is absolutely necessary to enable him to ascertain the real 
 value of the country, and how far the revenues will bear 
 increasing ; and in all other respects it prevents the authority 
 of the Company from being felt and understood. When that 
 country was first taken possession of, it was, I suppose, absolutely 
 necessary to support Sitteram Rauze in all the power he could 
 possess himself of; but according to my judgment the reasons 
 for such a conduct do not now subsist. It appears to me that 
 every Zemeindar should be independant of Sitteram Rauze 
 (who himself is no more than a Zemeindar) and of each other, 
 
 (1) Coffery. Vide No. 79, p. 110, note 2. 
 
 (2) Vide No. 19, V- 28, note 5. 
 
201 [No. 183. 
 
 and transact all their affairs immediately with the Chief . . . 
 The only reason which can be offered in favour of it [sic] is that he 
 is more capable, throuoh his authority and knowledge of the 
 country, of keeping in subjection those Zemeindars whose lands 
 lie amongst the hills and in the interior part of the Circar. But 
 this is by no means the case, as I know by experience that 100 
 of our seapoys will go where a thousand of his people dare not 
 shew themselves. 
 
 " Some months since Hussein Ally Khan died, and the 
 Company, I believe, allow one lack of rupees per annum to his 
 children in lieu of the Jaguire held by the father ; and the 
 lands which formed the Jaguire have been returned to two of 
 the Zemeindars, whose property they originally were, and their 
 tribute in consequence proportionably increased. 
 
 " Since the war with Hyder Ally the Nabob's affairs are, I 
 believe, in a very flourishing state, as he has paid off a very 
 considerable part of his debts both publick and private, besides 
 maintaining a very respectable army. He has been very 
 successful against the Rajah of Tanjour and the countries of 
 the Great and Little Maravas. In some forts of the last mentioned 
 places he found very considerable riches. An expedition is now 
 talked of against the King of Travancore. Notwithstanding 
 the good state of his affairs, I believe the Nabob was never less 
 at ease than he is at present at any period of his life scarce. 
 The interposition of the Crown in his affairs and the great 
 attention paid to him by Sir John Lindsay caused him to assume 
 an appearance of independance on the Governor and Council 
 he had never before shewn. He has also by the same means 
 acquired a very clear idea of the nature of our Constitution ; 
 but I believe he is loaded with doubts and fears, which the 
 knowledge he has gained seems only to increase. He has 
 discernment enough to perceive that he is in a labyrinth. He 
 knows by experience the power of the Company, and fears the 
 greater power of the Government, 
 
 " A few days since, Sir Robert Harland, with the squadron 
 under his command, left this coast for Bombay. He did not 
 take leave of the Governor, as he thought it inconsistent with 
 his station to pay that compliment to any one acting under 
 the authority of the Company. And the Governor resented it 
 by not taking any notice of him at his departure, for he went 
 on board without having any publick honours shewn him, and 
 was not even saluted with cannon. Various opinions are given 
 on Mr. du Pre's conduct, and I dare say this matter will make 
 some noise in England. 
 
 " Sir Robert Fletcher, who is now with me, desires his 
 compliments to yourself and Mrs. Palk, with wishes for your 
 health and happiness. Edward Cotsford." 
 
 [P.S.] — " I am now here on a visit, and shall return again 
 to Ganjam in a few days." 
 
 [Holograph, 7f pp., 4ito.] 
 
202 
 
 [No. 184.] 
 Tho[ma]s Palk to Rob[er]t Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1772, November 10th, Calcutta.—" I left Madras the 
 beginning of September to come here ... I have at last paid 
 my brother the long intended visit. I arrived here the 24th of 
 October, when I found him very well. It is with much concern 
 I tell you of the loss he has lately met with (which gave him 
 much affliction for a long time) by the death of his wife. I 
 cannot help expressing the greatest concern on my side for the 
 loss of that amiable woman ... I am sorry to inform you of 
 the death of Mr. Morse, my most valuable friend, for so he was 
 to the strictest meaning of the word ; and the good old lady has 
 been at death's door herself, but she is now perfectly well again. 
 She has taken her passage with Captain Elphinston of the 
 Triton . . . 
 
 " I am still under Mr. Secretary Goodlad. Had I been 
 appointed at the time an opportunity happened at Masulipatam, 
 I might in this [have] been money in pocket. I should have 
 been near Captain Madge, whose assistance I should not have 
 found wanting. I had the pleasure of seeing him in my way 
 here at that place, where he commands, who offered me then 
 the loan of a sum of money, which I refused for several reasons. 
 Mr. Bourchier not only talked of his friendship for me, but might 
 have really proved himself a friend, so that I have nothing to 
 thank him for, and very little more Mr. J. Call. His intentions 
 might be good, but they have proved contrary. 
 
 " I find from my brother [that] he wrote last year requesting 
 Grace'^' might be sent out to him, and he as well as myself were 
 a little surprized she did not arrive. I should be exceeding glad 
 to see her, as I hear she is grown a fine girl. . . My brother, 
 notwithstanding his misfortunes, is in a fair \yay of doing well 
 for himself, though I don't see how he could otherwise, as he 
 has had all the advantages he could wish for . . ." 
 
 "Thos. Palk." 
 
 " P.S. — Mr. H. Vansittart was at Madras some time with his 
 grand father. He is now at Patna with his uncle, and no doubt 
 will turn out a cliver man, as there is all the appearance at 
 present of it." 
 
 [Holograph, 8 pp., 4^o.] 
 
 [No. 185.] 
 
 Warren Hastings to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1772, November 11th, Fort William. Received 19th April, 
 
 per Lapwing. — " Dear Sir, The last letter I addressed to you, 
 
 if I am not mistaken, was dated September 7th. This is to 
 
 acknowledge your favor of the 26th March, 1772. 
 
 " It affords me no inconsiderable concern to observe the 
 people of England, and even our Hon'ble Masters, who should 
 
 (1) Grace P;ilk. Vide No. 162, y. 180, note 2. 
 
203 [No. 185. 
 
 form their opinions with more candour and exactness, thus 
 easily induced to the credit of every cahmniy put forth by each 
 paltry scribbler of the day. The productions of Bolts'^) and 
 Dowe*-) are mcdiics replete, though not in an equal degree, 
 with abominable untruths, base aspersions and absurdities. 
 How cruel to judge the reputation of any one by such criterions ! 
 
 " I have exerted my power to the utmost to destroy even 
 the shadow of Mahomed Riza Cawn's influence. I have placed 
 his enemies in his seat, and have him imder a secure confinement. 
 When I shall be able to release him God knows. It is my 
 intention to bring him to his trial ; and I flatter myself the issue 
 will prove that if I am not his enemy (as in fact I by no means 
 am) yet I am incapable of being prepossessed either by partiality 
 or bribe to serve him : but I am overwhelmed with present 
 business and cannot look back. 
 
 " I am sorry the House of Commons should think of estab- 
 lishing laws for this country, ignorant as they are of the laws 
 in being, of the manners and customs of the inhabitants, or of 
 the form of government. I hope the Act will not take place, 
 for should it, every thing we have done will be destroyed, and 
 my labour will prove like the toil of Sisyphus. 
 
 " As before, I enclose my letter to Mr, Sulivan to you. You 
 will read it and then deliver it to him, as I know not where he 
 is and do not admire trusting my correspondence in strange 
 hands. 
 
 " Poor Grifflthsf^) is with me. What shall I do with him ? 
 He is a good and a valuable young man, and will do credit to 
 your patronage if you will employ it to get him into the service. 
 
 " I am, with an unfeigned and most affectionate regard, dear 
 Sir, your most obedient and faithful servant, 
 
 " Warren Hastings." 
 
 [Holograph, 3 pp., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 186.] 
 Colonel Gilbert Ironside to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1772, November 11th, Fort William. — " I have been favoured 
 by your letter of the 19th March by Mr. Berdmore'*' ... I 
 took him in my hand to Mr. Hastings, and shall remember to 
 remind the Governour of your desire to have him placed at some 
 advantageous station. He appears to be a good young man . . . 
 
 " By the Lapwing, Captain Gardener, I do myself the pleasure 
 to send you the Arabian MSS. mentioned in my letter of the 
 15th of last April . , Mr. Hastings has began well. Qualis 
 
 (1) William Bolts, a Dutchman, was formerly in the Bengal civil service. He 
 was deported in 1768, and subsequently published a work attacking the Bengal 
 Government. 
 
 (2) Alexander Dow, translator of Fcrinhta and author of a History uj Hindustan, 
 1770. 
 
 (3) Henry Griffiths. Vide No. 88, v- 117, note 1. 
 
 (4) Samuel Beardmuro, a cadet. Vide No. 226, p. 280, note 2. 
 
No. 186.] 204 
 
 ab incepto processerit, et sihi constet. He had three or four mean, 
 dirty, factious oppositions to contend with on his outset, but 
 by tlie force of abihty, assiduity, temper, steadiness and 
 moderation has already almost surmounted them all . . . 
 
 " Mr. Vansittart and Mr. Palk are extremely well. Mrs. 
 Van is lately recovered from lying in. Poor Mrs. Palk died in 
 June, much regretted for her gentle amiable disposition. Mrs. 
 Van, Mr. Palk, with his brother and Lieut. Stonhouse, visitors 
 from Madras, live together at the gardens about a mile from 
 town. George, it is expected, will be called down to take his 
 seat at the Board about February. . . The fortunes of civilians 
 are at present created from the rank of Senior Merchants to 
 Factors, while the Council as well as the Governour are starvinu." 
 
 [Holograph, 4 pp., Mo.] " Gilbert Ironside. 
 
 55 
 
 [No. 187.] 
 
 Hen[ry] Griffiths(I) to [Robert Palk, Esqr.]. 
 
 1772, November 12th, Calcutta. — Accept my grateful thanks 
 for your efforts on my behalf. " Mr. Hastings, to whom you 
 were so kind [as] to recommend me, has done every thing in his 
 power to serve inc. I am at present at his house in expectation 
 of being employed. It will be shortly, I hope, as a young man 
 cannot live here on a trifle and without the emoluments of 
 any employ . . . ." 
 
 [Holograph, 2 pp., 4>to.] " Hen. Griffiths.' 
 
 55 
 
 [No. 188.] 
 Tho[ma]s Palk to Rob[er]t Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1772, December 1st, Calcutta. — " I some time ago was 
 requested by your attornies to deliver to them an account of 
 the estate of my two deceased cousins, which I should have 
 done had I come at the least knowledge of [it], though I have 
 not had anything to do regarding it. . . I am sorry to observe 
 to you, though I believe I have done it in a former letter, 
 of his having left a child unprovided for, which is a cruel 
 circumstance. . . . Captain Madge and myself shall be careful 
 that it never wants . . . Madge as well as myself are sorry that 
 we were so hasty in giving Palk's mother an estimate of the 
 estate, as we might have detained some part of it for its 
 maintenance without her suffering by it, as the death of her 
 two sons ought by no means to lay her under the expectations 
 of an independency . . . 
 
 " I request, Sir, that you will deliver the enclosed to my young 
 sister Grace, who I as well as my brother are waiting with 
 great impatience to see . . . 
 
 "Thos. Palk." 
 
 [Holograph, 4 pp., 4tto.] 
 
 (I) Henry Griffiths. Vide No. 88, p. 117. note 1. 
 
205 
 
 [No. 189.] 
 Stephen Sulivan*^) to [Robert Palk, Esqr.] 
 
 N.D. [?1772] Sunday. Essex Court, Temple.—" For God's 
 sake, my dear Sir, let me entreat you by that love and regard 
 that I hope you still have for one who will always be proud of 
 yoiu" good opinion, let me entreat you to pay that attention 
 that I wish to the subject of this letter, for in so doing you will 
 confer a favor upon me greater than it is possible for you to 
 conceive, unless you could put yourself into my particular 
 situation. But, do what you will, I am afraid that you cannot 
 relieve my mind from those uneasy reflections with which it 
 has been agitated for some time past, though I have had 
 fortitude enough to disguise it from the world. It is but too 
 certain that I am distressed for monev : if therefore, without 
 an inconvenience to yourself, you could give me an order for 
 500/., I pledge myself to you, as a young man who never yet 
 deceived anybody, that at the expiration of six months I will 
 repay you most chearfully ; and this (I speak positively) the 
 remittances of my own income from Ireland will enable me 
 to do. 
 
 " I ought now. Sir, from a principle of justice to you as well 
 as to myself, after having made known my request, to make you 
 acquainted likewise with the reasons for this application ; 
 otherwise at first sight it may seem to argue a something in my 
 own conduct that might expose me to the just reproof of a parent, 
 which I therefore mean to avoid, or else a distrust of that 
 parent, as if he had refused to supply me in whatever was 
 reasonable, and had therefore reduced me to the necessitv of 
 solliciting in another quarter. From both these imputations 
 I can aflirm with safety that I am free. There is no part of my 
 conduct (though perhaps it has never been, nor is at present, 
 nor ever will be, such as I wish it), there is no part of ni}- conduct 
 that I would not submit tomorrow to my father's examination, 
 because I know that as long as he continues to be a father to 
 me, so long will he continue to be a friend; And I profess 
 further that from my earliest infancy to this hour, from the 
 moment that I have been capable of thinking, I have experienced 
 such a continual series of kind offices and attentions as few other 
 young men beside myself have experienced. What is it then 
 that hinders me from taking that liberal and open method, to 
 which my inclination leads me, of unbosoming myself to you 
 without reserve, as I shall always look upon you, next to my 
 own parent, the most worthy of my confidence and esteem ? I 
 will answer you fairly. It is a nice sense of honor, a delicacy 
 of sentiment and a firm regard to my word— considerations 
 from which nothing can move me . . . 
 
 " Adieu ! my dear Sir. Think more for me than I am able 
 to express, for if you knew with what reluctance I have brought 
 
 (1' Son of Laurence Sulivan. 
 
Xo. 189.] 206 
 
 myself to write to you. and the peculiarity of my situation at 
 present, you would make considerable allowances. Indeed I 
 am not used to such a trade as this. It hurts that commendable 
 pride that has been the fruit of a generous education ; and yet 
 necessity must overcome even motives stronger than these. I am, 
 with perfect regard, your sincere friend and obedient servant, 
 
 [Holograph, 3 pp., 4fo.] " Stephen Sulivan." 
 
 [No. 190.] 
 Memorandum of Reforms Effected by Hastings in 1772. 
 
 N.D. [?1772]— " In the beginning of June Mr. Hastings left 
 Calcutta with a deputation from the Council consisting of Messrs. 
 Middleton, Dacrcs, Lawrell and Graham*^', and they continued 
 at the city'^' till the middle of September executing the orders 
 of the Court of Directors transmitted by the Lapwing packet. 
 Mahomed Ryza Cawn and Shittabroy*-^' were removed from 
 their offices. An o[e]conomical arrangement was made of 
 the Nawab's household. Munny Begum, wife of Jaffier All 
 Cawn, was constituted guardian to the Nawab. Rajah Goordass, 
 son of Nund-Comar, was appointed Naib Dewan, and Rajah 
 Juggut Chund his Peshkar or steward. A settlement was made 
 of the revenue by leases at an increasing rent for five years. 
 All the useless pensions were withdrawn, and none continued 
 except to the old provincial families — a considerable saving 
 and beneficial, as it rids the Nawab's court of a parcel of 
 foreigners (chiefly Persians), infamous retainers to it. A 
 thorough regulation was established in all the Courts and offices 
 of the State, whether civil, criminal or of revenue. These 
 Courts with their records were removed to the Presidency, and 
 the Council of Durbar in consequence dissolved. Regulations 
 were formed for a certain, easy and perspicuous method for 
 the receipt of future collections. A reform took place in the 
 silk manufactories. Mr. Middleton was continued Chief of 
 Cassimbuzar, Resident at the city, and Collector of the districts 
 dependant on Mursheedabad. The three youngest members 
 of the Committee proceeded to Dacca to make the settlement 
 of the Eastern provinces. 
 
 " Since the return of the Governour to the Presidency his 
 time has been occupied (exclusive of the current business) in 
 adjusting a regular method of conducting the management of 
 the revenue at Calcutta. Various plans were presented and 
 considered. By some it was proposed that every Counsellor 
 should have his distinct department of some Court, or Collector 
 General of some province, with an appeal to lie to the Governour 
 in the last resort ; but this was rejected on account of the many 
 
 (1) Samuel Middleton, Philip M. Dacrcs, James Lawrell and John Graham. 
 
 (2) Mui-shidabad. 
 
 (") Muhammad Raza Klian and Shatfib Kai were Naibs or Deputies of the 
 Nawab for the provinces of Bengal and Bihar respectively, and virtual rulers of 
 (;hose territories. 
 
207 [No. 190. 
 
 difficulties it was fraught with, and abuses it appeared liable to. 
 The system actually adopted is : — One of the Counsellors to 
 preside, in weekly rotation, over all the revenue business, the 
 papers and accounts of wlii(;h are dehvered to him by the 
 Counsellor next in rank, who previously audits them after they 
 have been examined by the Mutsuddees'^' and Company's 
 servants in the several offices, A daily report is made of every 
 thing to the Governour by the Royryan'-* and the superiour 
 native officers, and a periodical one to the Board by the weekly 
 presidents and auditors. The employment of auditor is an 
 introduction of the Governour's, and is found to answer so 
 well that he designs to fix such an officer in every department." 
 [2 1 pp., flscp. Unsigned.] 
 
 [No. 191.] 
 Tiio[ma]s Palk to Rob[er]t Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1773, January 11th, Calcutta. — " I am still here with my 
 brother, who contributes every thing in his power to my 
 pleasure, as this happens to be the season for all sorts of diver- 
 sions, of which we have little or none on the Coast." When 
 I hear from Mr. Wynch, who by this time must have succeeded 
 Mr. Du Pre, I shall decide about returning to Madras. " My 
 beloved friend General Smith" goes home "on the Triton, in 
 consequence of which the command of the troops has devolved 
 on Sir Robert Fletcher, who is universally despised, the court 
 martial business'^) having laid a stain on his principles that will 
 never be forgot or washed out. Consequently I have not the 
 least intimacy with him." There is a report here, which I do 
 not credit, that Mr. Barwell,'*' of the Bengal Council, is to be 
 Governor of Madras. Should it prove true, I shall take care 
 to ingratiate myself with him. 
 
 " ]Mr. George Vansittart is coming down from his Chief ship 
 at Patna to take his seat at the Board. Mrs. V., my brother 
 and myself are going up as far as Cossimbazar to meet him in 
 a week more, a thiiig not common in this count?\y for a wife to go 
 any small distance to meet her husband. 
 
 " The army here is in motion. They are marched up to the 
 frontiers of Suja ul Dowlah's country to be a check on the 
 Morattoes. They have paid the King of Delhi a visit, and were 
 very ruffly received by him. The King and them have had 
 an engagement, in which the former was worsted, with great 
 loss on both sides .... 
 
 " Mr. Secretary Goodlad, since I have left Madras, has been 
 in a very dangerous way. He has had a violent attack in his 
 liver, for which he has been cut, and is recovering verv fast . . ." 
 "Thos. Palk." 
 
 (1) Muisuddee, mutasaddi, writer, clerk. 
 
 (2) lioyrijan, rairaicni, cliief revenue officer under the Diwan. 
 
 (3) Lieiit-Colonel Sir R()l)ert Fletcher was casiiiered in 1766 for supporting the 
 combination of Bengal oflScers. Cf. No. 141, p. 163, note 2. 
 
 (4' Richard Barwell, afterwards a member of the Supreme Council. 
 
No. 191. J 208 
 
 " P.S. — I beg leave to hint to you that it will be doing me 
 in [sic] a great service to prefer me as a tenant to the one'^' in it, 
 as the present one rather makes more use of it as godowns*^) 
 than a dwelling house. Your attorney must also have your 
 directions regarding it. It will be easy to get him out without 
 giving offence by your specifying that you chuse to serve me 
 preferable to one who has less right to expect it. Be so good, 
 Sir, as to take notice of this by the first ship." 
 
 [Holograph, 6 pp., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 192.] 
 Ant[hon]y Goodlad to Rob[er]t Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1773, [cir. January 11th], Calcutta. — I received your letter 
 of the 7th February by Mr. Kennaway*^'. to whom I will show 
 every attention. For the last two months he has been my 
 assistant in the Translator's oflfice, where he is working well. 
 From the correspondence of ]\Ir. Hastings with Mr. Sulivan you 
 doubtless know of the various changes made by the Governor. 
 " I shall be happy if they meet with the approbation of the 
 Gentlemen at home, but they are of late so very difficult to 
 please that I must confess in many instances I doubt of success. 
 Mr. Cartier returns to Europe upon this ship after having 
 experienced, I must say, the severest treatment from his 
 employers for his 23 years' services. If a disinterested conduct 
 in a public capacity is meritorious in these days, they will never 
 meet with such another Governor of Bengal. 
 
 " A violent attack of the liver, which my brother INIartin has 
 labored under for some time past, and for which he has under- 
 gone the operation of having his side opened, gives me too much 
 reason to apprehend that a trip to Europe is absolutely necessary 
 for the re-establishment of his health. I am very sorry for 
 the occasion, as it cannot, I am afraid, prove otherwise than 
 highly prejudicial to his interest . . . Pie is the head and support 
 of the family, and on his success depends the enjoyment and 
 happiness of the whole . . ." 
 
 "A. W. Goodlad." 
 
 [TI olograph, 5|- pp., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 193.] 
 
 Ja[me]s Dantell'*' to Roi?ERT Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1773, Januarv 28th, Cuddalorc. — I venture to write to vou 
 on behalf of our conunon friend Sir Robert Fletcher, who " has 
 not only felt the effects of Mr. Du Pre's measures since the 
 resignation of General Smith, but has some reason to apprehend 
 
 (1* Reynold Adams, tenant of Palk's house in Fort St. Geoi^e. 
 (2) Godoun. Vide No. 2, p. 5. note 10. 
 (3> Richanl Konnaway. Vide No. 153, p. 171, note 4. 
 
 (•*) James DauioU, a Madias civil servant of 1701, entered Council in 1777, He 
 was Chief at Masulipatam in 1782, and retired in 1785. 
 
209 [No. 193. 
 
 his representation of them at lionio. Sir Robert is of conrse 
 obh'fTccI to oxert all his inflncncc to prevent sueh an intention ; 
 uiui as you have been often pleased to serve him at the tribunal 
 of lieaden liall, he hopes you will not forsake him on the present 
 occasion . . . ." 
 
 I chanced to see the papers relating to recent disputes in 
 Council, which are now transmitted to Europe. They are 
 voluminous, but I can give you an idea of the origin of the trouble 
 in a few words. " It began by an application from the Nabob, 
 introduced by the Governor, to be addressed from the Board 
 under the title of Arzdashf^^ ; and the impropriety of doing 
 so will appear to you by reading the different dissents. The 
 Governor has, however, succeeded, and though this mode of 
 address is only used throughout Indostan from an inferior to 
 a superior, the Governor and Council have adopted the practise. 
 When a difference of opinion has once appeared between men 
 in power, it seldom ceases on a sudden, but serves only as a 
 prelude to other discords. So it is in the present instance, and 
 as the authority of command is a theme on which Mr. Du Pre 
 has often exercised his abilities, it has been again renewed with 
 all its force. Sir Robert, in consequence, has been voted from 
 the Council and ordered within 2 days to proceed to the 
 command of the fort and garrison of Tritchenopoly, Thus is 
 he placed beyond the reach of opposition and deprived of his 
 seat at the Board, to which the Court of Directors have been 
 pleased to appoint him. On a perusal of the papers you will 
 be able to form a judgment of the propriety of Sir Robert's 
 proceedings, and determine if any part is the effect of private 
 pique, or contrary to the intention of his employers. If not, 
 I presume that you will not only assist his cause, but exert your 
 influence wdth the Directors to assist the rights of justice and 
 prevent the attempts of a misrepresentation. 
 
 " Sir Robert would have wrote to you on this subject if his 
 time had permitted him to do so. He passed here yesterday 
 on his way to Tritchenopoly, and desired me to communicate 
 the substance of his cause, and hopes you will admit his apology 
 for not addressing you himself. 
 
 " You may much better conceive that [?than] I can express 
 my feelings by closing this letter with the account of poor 
 Goodlad's death. He had been lately cut for an inflammation 
 in his liver, and a relapse carried him off. He is universally 
 lamented, and the Company have reason to regret the loss of 
 his abilities." 
 
 " Jas.|Daniell." 
 
 [Holograph, 5 pp., Uo.] 
 
 (1) Arzdasht, Pers., a humble (written) petition. It is not a title, aa stated by 
 Daniell, but a respectful form of address. 
 
210 
 
 [No. 194.] 
 Chocapaii to the Honble. Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1773, .January 28th, Fort St. George. — " Governour Du Pre 
 takes his passage home on the Nassau . . . and leaves the 
 Government in the hands of Alexander Wynch, Esqr., who is a 
 gentleman that has been a long time in India'^', and well 
 acquainted with the affairs of this country ; and besides he is 
 civil, good natured, and will undoubtedly make a good 
 Governour. I wish he may keep the Chair for some time, but 
 it is strongly reported here that Mr. Sullivan is coming out for 
 President of this place .... 
 
 " The Morattas will, I hope, give us no trouble this year on 
 account of Madavarave, their Chief, departing this life about 
 two months ago, and his l^rother Narranrave being appointed 
 Chief in his room, and his uncle Rakobah is appointed General 
 of the Army ; which will take up some time more to settle 
 their family affairs. . . . 
 
 " The^Export^Warehousekeeper carrys on the Company's 
 Investment by employing Gomastas'^) in the weaving towns, 
 and the goods he provides now is very good and in proper order. 
 . . . Mr. Samuel Johnson*^) married Miss Law, a lady that came 
 with Mr. Charles Smith from Pondichery lately ..." 
 
 " Chocapah." 
 
 [P.S.] — " Poor Mr. Goodlad departed this life the 24th instant." 
 
 [Autograph, 1 p., de?ny.] 
 
 [No. 195.] 
 
 GooNTOOR Vencata Ramia and Vencata Royloo to the 
 Hon'ble Rop.[er]t Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1773, January 31st, Madrass. — Your old servant, Braminy 
 Goontoor Vencatachelum, is dead, and we his brothers, being 
 in poor circumstances, beg you to help us to obtain employment 
 under the Company. 
 
 *' Goontoor Vencata Ramia 
 Vencata Royloo." 
 [1 p., flscp.] 
 
 [No. 196.] 
 
 W[illia]m Petrie to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1773, January 31st, 3 a.m., Fort St. George. Received 5th 
 November. — " My much esteemed and invaluable friend Mr. 
 Goodlad, after a long and severe illness, which he supported 
 with the most manly fortitude, bid adieu to this world the 24th 
 instant. So long ago as . . . October last he had adopted a 
 
 (1) First employed in 173d. 
 
 <2) Gnmatita, fi'oin Pers. gotnashta, an agent. Tlie substitution of perambulating 
 gomastas i'oi' th(^ Company's Merchants was a reform introduced by Hastings 
 in 1771. 
 
 (3) Samuel Johnson, a Madras civil servant of 1754, entered Coimcil twenty years 
 later. After serving as Chief at Vizagapatam he retired in 1781. 
 
211 [No. 196. 
 
 scheme of going to Europe, not so much on the score of health 
 as to promote a favourite plan which he had before communi- 
 cated to you in his letters. From his masterly abilities and 
 the strongest testimony in his favour from the Board, his friends 
 had conceived the most flattering hopes of his success. Soon 
 after the despatch of the A^ottinghatn he was attacked with 
 a vi(jlcnt obstruction and inflammation in his liver, which from 
 the beginning foreboded the most fatal consequences. However, 
 the disease appeared at one time to take a favourable turn, 
 and the operation of opening the side was performed about the 
 beginning of last month with such favourable effects upon his 
 disorder that the surgeons entertained the most flattering hopes. 
 By the advice of Mr. Pasley(^) he determined on a voyage to 
 Europe, and took his passage on the Nassau along with Mr. 
 Du Pre. The Board gave him the strongest testimony of their 
 high opinion of his merit and voted him a minute of publick 
 thanks, besides recommending him in the strongest manner to 
 the Court of Directors. But, alas, in the midst of our hopes a 
 general suppuration took place in his liver, attended with a 
 fever and ague, which put a period to his life on the 24th. The 
 service, the Settlement, in short the community, mourn his loss 
 as a servant to the Company, a valuable citizen and an useful 
 member of society . . . 
 
 " Had not our friend been involved in joint concerns his affairs 
 would have been distinct and his fortune something considerable, 
 but unfortunately for him and unfortunately for his friends, 
 his affairs are so blended and involved with Mr. James 
 Johnson's'-' that I am much afraid heavy losses may be expected." 
 For years past he has been vainly urging Mr. Johnson to settle 
 accounts. During our friend's last illness I took every step in 
 my power, and even threatened Mr. Johnson with a Bill of 
 Discovery in the Mayor's Court, but Goodlad thought that legal 
 action would only defeat his object. The executors, Messrs. 
 Macpherson,'^' De Souza'^' and myself will not therefore 
 proceed to extremities. " Mr. Johnson is in the capacity of 
 English accountant with the Nabob, and the world supposes 
 him in a fair way of making money, so that there may still be 
 a possibility of receiving at least a considerable part of the 
 debt . . . You may collect enough from what I have said to 
 perceive that a large part of our friend's fortune is in very 
 indifferent hands. 
 
 " The will is unfinished. He leaves his fortune, after the 
 pavment of his debts and certain legacies, to his sister. Here 
 the will breaks off without relating the legacies." The amount 
 due from Mr. Johnson is believed to be between Pags. 15,000 
 and Pags. 20,000. " To sum up what I have said in a few 
 
 (11 Gilbert Pasley. Vide No. 47, p. 73, note 2. 
 
 (2> Vide Xo. 28. p. 45, note 7. 
 
 (3) John Macpherson, Vide No. 270, p. 2fi:-i, note 2. 
 
 (4) Antonio de Souza, free mercliant. 
 
No. 196.] 212 
 
 words : — if we recover from Mr. Johnson the money he owes the 
 estate of Mr. Goodlad, a considerable balance, I think, will 
 remain in favour of the estate ; but on the other hand, if we 
 cannot recover this debt, I am afraid his estate will fall 
 considerably short." 
 
 Shortly before Goodlad 's death I handed to Mr. Wynch the 
 papers relating to your affairs and those of General Lawrence, 
 together with Pags. 2,800 in cash. The balance due to you is 
 about Pags. 5,800, and to the General about Pags. 3,800. As 
 suggested by Goodlad, I shall be pleased to manage your affairs 
 in India under a power of attorney. 
 
 " Upon the resignation of our friend, a young gentleman of 
 the name of Oakely'^' succeeded to the Civil department. He 
 had been in the office of Deputy Secretary for two years, and 
 had recommended himself much by his assiduity and promising 
 abilities. Mr. Stone, who had held his office of Secretary for 
 several months after he had been taken into Council, had 
 continued in it during Mr. Goodlad's illness, as Goodlad intended 
 removing to the Military department ; upon his resignation 
 Mr. Stone quitted his office, and I was appointed Secretary and 
 Judge Advocate General. 
 
 " The feuds and animosities which have distracted our 
 Council for some months past seemed to collect and unite all 
 their force to overwhelm the President on his departure for 
 Europe. Minutes, dissents and debates of a more violent nature 
 than ever appeared on the records have been entered in the 
 course of this month. The majority of the Board removed Sir 
 Robert Fletcher from his seat by appointing him to the command 
 of Trichinopoly. He pleaded privilege of parliament, and 
 demanded a passage on the first ship for Europe. The Board 
 insisted on obedience to their order : he complied, and proceeded 
 as far as Cuddalore. The Board having inforced their authority, 
 they not only admitted his plea, and exonerated him from all 
 obligation to serve the Company, but also removed him from the 
 command of the Army, and requested General Smith to resume 
 the command and his seat in Council, which he accordingly 
 did . . . The Board met to take leave of the President and sign 
 the dispatches. But it was decreed that Mr. Du Pre should not 
 depart in peace. An extraordinary circumstance happened : 
 the conclusion was the suspension of Mr. Mackay(-) from the 
 service. The President has been thanked by the Board for his 
 services to the Company, and embarks to-morrow morning with 
 his family on the Nassau, and leaves the Government to Mr. 
 Wynch .... 
 
 " These unfortunate animosities have come unseasonably 
 on a young secretary. The business in the Political and Military 
 department has of late years been so extensive from our 
 connections with the country Powers, the frequent wars we have 
 
 (1) Afterwards Sir Charles Oakeloy, Bt., Governor of Madras, 1792-1794. 
 'i^' Goorge Mackay. Vide No. I'd, j>. 17, note :<• 
 
213 [No. 196. 
 
 waged as principals and as auxiliaries, and the violent attacks 
 on the Company's rights by the King's Minister, that some 
 months entirely devoted to studying the records would not have 
 been too much to qualify me for the office of Secretary. But I 
 have all at once been hurried into the midst of intricacies and 
 difficulties .... 
 
 " The Carnatick is in profound peace with all her neighbours. 
 The King of Tan j ore, completely humbled by the late siege, 
 makes daily professions of duty and attachment. General 
 Smith, before he resigned the command to Sir Robert Fletcher, 
 subdued the countries of the Great and Little Marawar. Hyder, 
 yet smarting from his recent losses in the war with the Morattoes, 
 seems to have adopted a defensive plan, but a mere defensive 
 plan is not long to be expected from one of his active genius. 
 The Maharattoes since the death of Mahadevarow seem un- 
 determined as to any plan of action, and are more engaged in 
 the contests of parties at home than in designs against the repose 
 of their neighbours. The squadron is still at Bombay, and is 
 not expected here till March or April ..." 
 
 "Wm. Petrie." 
 
 [Holograph, 11 pp., 4>to.'\ 
 
 [No. 197.] 
 Nawab Walajah to General [Stringer] Lawrence. 
 
 1773, February 1st, Chepauk, [Madras].—" The Nabob 
 Waulaujah Bahauder, «Src., presents his salams to his friend 
 General Lawrence, and sends him the inclosed with his wishes 
 for long life and happiness." 
 
 [Autograph cipher, \ p., 4^o.] 
 
 [No. 198.] 
 
 George Smith to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1773, February 1st, Fort St. George. — " Having declined 
 (not refused) the execution of the new and extraordinary 
 covenants sent out by the Company for me as a free merchant 
 to execute, because I judge it very unsafe to trust my liberty 
 and property into other hands than my own, lest of their being 
 abused," I am asking my friends in London to apply to the 
 Court of Directors for permission for me to remain here long 
 enough to settle my affairs, that is, for about eighteen months. 
 I beg your influence in support of my request. The Council 
 here are friendly, but have resolved " that I am to be laid under 
 an interdict of trade, the Company's protection to be with- 
 drawn from me, and to be ordered home in twelve months, 
 which last is too short a space to wind up my very extensive 
 concerns, which when I have done, on their present footing 
 will afford me a genteel and comfortalile independency in my 
 own country north of the Tweed. 
 
No. 198.J 214 
 
 " General Smith's resignation of the command of the army, 
 and his resumption thereof two days ago will surprise you, as 
 will Mr. Mackay's suspension from the service, which took place 
 on the same day. Sir Robert Fletcher is left at liberty to attend 
 his duty in parliament according to his plea . , . Mr. Du Pre's 
 conduct in Sir Robert's affairs does him credit, for he has 
 outwited the Chevalier . . . 
 
 " Mrs. Smith, on the first December last, made me the happy 
 father of a fine little girl." 
 
 " George Smith." 
 
 [Holograph, 5 j^P-, 4^o.] 
 
 [No. 199.] 
 Tho[ma]s Palk to [Robert Palk, Esqr.]. 
 
 1773, February 5th, Calcutta. — " We set out to-morrow with 
 Mrs. Van (meaning my brother and me) for Cossimbazar to 
 meet Mr. Van, who is coming down in order to be sworn into 
 Council . . . ." 
 
 "Thos. Palk." 
 
 [P.S.] — " Mr. Goodlad takes his passage on the Nassau for 
 England for the recovery of his health . . ." 
 
 [Holograph, 2 J pp., ito.] 
 
 [No. 200.] 
 Roger Darvall(i> to Rob[er]t Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1773, February 10th, Fort Marlborough [Bencoolen]. — In 
 consideration of the friendship between you and my late parent, 
 I beg for your kind notice, as " I am now. Sir, in a situation 
 that requires the greatest assistance . . . ." 
 
 " Roger Darvall." 
 
 [Holograph, 1 p>.. Mo. Wax seal, defaced.] 
 
 [No. 201.] 
 Tho[ma]s Palk to [Robert Palk, Esqr.]. 
 
 1773, February 30th [sic], Calcutta. — " I have never but 
 once ask[cd] for anything in the service, and that was refused 
 me by your most then intimate friend ; and if those professed 
 friends shew themselves backward in serving me, what am I to 
 expect from those who are clear of any such tie ? I am not so 
 presuming as to ask any thing : but from Mr. Wynch's readiness 
 in endeavouring to get me appointed to his Chiefship, I did, 
 three months ago, write him a letter requesting he would do 
 something for me, to which I have never yet seen the least reply, 
 which not a little astonishes me. That gentleman is now in 
 the Government, Mr. Du Pre being gone home on the Nassau.^' 
 
 General Smith resigned the army command to Sir Robert 
 Fletcher in August last, but owing to a difference between Mr. 
 
 '1' Roger Darvall entered the Mailras civil service in 1772. He becanne Collector 
 of the Northern Di\ isiou of the Jaghirc in 171(1, anil was a member of the Board 
 of Trade from 1798. 
 
215 [No. 201. 
 
 Dii Pre and Sir Robert, he has consented on public grounds to 
 resume it. " I learn that General Coote and Mr. Sulivan left 
 England in August, which, was it true, I think we might have 
 seen them on the Coast by this time. I shall be happy if those 
 accounts prove true. I think I may safely depend that he will 
 do something for me — I mean Mr. S. 
 
 "It is with much concern I inform you of the death of Mr. 
 Goodlad. . . He had been very severely attacked by the liver, 
 and had been cut for it and got pretty well, when he had 
 resolved on going to England for a season or two of cold weather. 
 I have never heard from what cause that he died. I feel for 
 his poor mother. The young brother Dick has also been on the 
 point of death. I saw him last night, and he is recovering 
 fast. I do not imagine Mr. G. died worth much money, as he 
 was a great lover of claret and every thing that was good. 
 
 " I am about thinking of returning to the Coast. 1 have, 
 'tis true, little to do there, and less here. My brother might, 
 if he pleases, assist me greatly, but has not yet shewed any 
 inclination. He might however, I think, make a better use 
 of his money. I suppose he spends not less than 4 or £5,000 a 
 year. He is a lucky fellow." 
 
 [Holograph, 4 pp., 4<to.] 
 
 Thos. Palk." 
 
 [No. 202.] 
 Henry Vansittart, jun., to [Robert Palk, Esqr.]. 
 
 1773, March 1st, Calcutta. — " I arrived here about a week ago, 
 and shall begin to write for the Company in one of their offices, 
 for I have as yet spent my time either at Madras or Patna. 
 However, I have been idle at neither of them, and my uncle 
 took particular care that I should find employment at the last. 
 
 " You may [have] heard of the death of Mr. Goodlad at 
 Madras. Indeed his younger brother at Bengal has narrowly 
 escaped it, and is now obliged to undertake a journey to Dacca 
 for the effectual recoverv of his health. 
 
 " Pray remember me kindly to your family, in which I almost 
 include Mr. R. Boehm. 
 
 " Your dutiful nephew, Henry Vansittart." 
 
 [Holograph, 1 p., Mo.] 
 
 [No. 203.] 
 
 A[nthon]y Goodlad to [Robert Palk, Esqr.]. 
 
 1773, March 2nd, Fort William. — When I wrote my last letter 
 " I little expected that my next to you would have been upon 
 so melancholy a subject as the loss of poor Martin, who was 
 carried off, poor fellow, on the 24th January by a mortification in 
 his side, to the inexpressible uneasiness of all who were intimately 
 acquainted with him." 
 
No. 203.] 216 
 
 As Mr. Petrie has written to you, I feel sure that you have 
 done everything possible to alleviate my mother's affliction. 
 There was so much family money in my brother's hands that 
 I proposed going down to Madras, but Mr. Hastings refused 
 permission on the ground that the affairs were already in good 
 hands. I believe the estate will realize enough to pay everybody. 
 I do not think my mother can be in want of money, but should 
 she be temporarily inconvenienced, I hope you will advance 
 what may be necessary. 
 
 " Ay. W. Goodlad." 
 
 [Holograph, 5 pp., Mo.] 
 
 [No. 204.] 
 Chocapah to the Hon'ble Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1773, March 10th, Fort St. George.— The Government is 
 carried on by Mr. Wynch as it was by Mr. Du Pre. There is 
 no war ; good rain has fallen ; but trade is dull, especially 
 with Manila. "It is reported here that Mr, James Johnson, 
 that was under Mr. Bourchier, his affairs is but in a very bad 
 situation, and that he spent of the Nabob's money thirty four 
 thousand pagodas, which His Highness was so gracious as to 
 forgive him so large a sum. Still it is said that he is indebted 
 to Mr. Bourchier 10,000, to Mr. Jourdan 13,000, to Mr. Goodlad's 
 estate 16,000, to Nellakontawker 3,500, and to some others 
 besides ; and that his debt in all will amount to about 60,000 
 pagodas. He don't know himself what became of so much 
 money, and can produce no proper account for it neither." 
 
 Two years ago Mr. de Souza and sundry others formed an 
 association to deal in piece-goods. The capital was Pags. 
 300,000 in 30 shares. It now appears that the shareholders 
 have not only received no dividends, but will lose one-fourth 
 of their capital. 
 
 Mrs. Wynch, Mr. Quintin Crauford'^' and Sir Robert Fletcher 
 sail for England in the Triton. Mr. Mackay is suspended, and 
 Mr. Monckton becomes Assaymaster in his room. I have no 
 employment at present except " the Arrack and Toddy farm." 
 
 " Chocapah." 
 
 [Autograph, 1| p., flscp.] 
 
 [No. 205.] 
 
 George Smith to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1773, March 13th, Fort St. George.—" Since the Nassau 
 sailed I have received the orders of the Board to transport 
 myself, family and effects to Great Britain in twelve months 
 from the 23rd of February last, at the same time laying me 
 under an interdiction of trade during that period ; but this 
 thev have removed on the remonstrance of Andrew Ross'-' and 
 
 '^' Quintin Cr<anford was a Madras civil servani of 17t)l. 
 (2) Andrew Ross. Vide No. 28, p. 46, note 1. 
 
217 [No. 205. 
 
 myself, so I have no complaint to make. Inclosed I send you 
 a copy of my letter to the Board, of which I hope you will 
 approve. I have been moderate and honest in my reasons for 
 not executing the new covenants, and I hope all honest men 
 will approve of my reasons. All I want from the Company 
 is time to settle and collect my affairs, which I hope to do by 
 June, 1774, when I purpose going by the way of China for the 
 conveniency of remitting my money there, and for the better 
 accommodation of myself and family ; and I hope. Sir, that you 
 will do me the favor to use your influence with your friends in 
 the Direction to obtain my request, for I do not chuse to 
 embarass my friends here by asking them to do what may be 
 contrary to their orders. 
 
 " You will have heard from others, I doubt not, of Sir Robert 
 Fletcher's behaviour and of Mr. Mackay's. This last must 
 hurt himself, in the opinion of his friends, by his information 
 against Mr. Stracey,*^) it having so much the appearance of 
 resentment ... I am sorry to see so many discords among us, 
 but I steer clear of all of them . . ." 
 
 [Holograjjh, 3 pp., flscp.] " George Smith. 
 
 5» 
 
 [Enclosure] — To the Hon'ble Alexander Wynch, Esqr., 
 President and Governor, &c. Council of Fort St. George. 
 Dated 6th March, 1773. 
 
 I have received your Secretary's letter of the 23rd ultimo, 
 requiring me to leave for Great Britain within twelve months 
 unless I sign a new covenant. As your order casts a slur upon 
 me, permit me to speak in my own vindication, I am already 
 under a covenant with the Company, which I have not infringed. 
 The new covenant renders me liable to the surrender of my 
 personal liberty and property, and of the protection of the laws 
 of my country — conditions to which I cannot subscribe. As 
 " one of the Judges of his Majesty's Court of Record at this 
 place," I cannot relinquish the independence so essential to a 
 judge and magistrate. As I am already settling my affairs, 
 the execution of a new covenant appears to be unnecessary ; 
 but since interdiction of trade will interfere with the winding 
 up, I trust you will see fit to remove it. 
 
 " Permit me to add a short account of myself since my 
 comming to India. Soon after my arrival at Madrass I went 
 to China, where I resided some years ... I left that country 
 to my very great detriment in obedience to the Company's 
 orders. The Company, sensible of the injury done to me by 
 ordering me to leave China, permitted me in the year 1765 to 
 return to that country, and gave me three years to settle my 
 affairs there, but the engagements I had entered into here 
 previous to the receipt of that permission prevented my making 
 use of it then ; but it being still in force, I purpose benefiting of 
 
 (1^ Edward Stracey. Vide No. 25, p. 42, note 2. 
 
No. 205.] 218 
 
 the Company's indulgence to me as soon as my affairs here are 
 adjusted, having large concerns in China unsettled, which may 
 render my presence in that country necessary ..." 
 
 " (Signed) George Smith." 
 [Copy, 8 pp., flscp.] 
 
 [No. 206.] 
 
 MuDoo KiSTNA(i) to [Robert Palk, Esqr.]. 
 
 1773, March 14th, Fort St. George. — " Since Mr. Dupre 
 embarked . . Mr. Wynch governs in the place, assisted by 
 his Counsellors, especially by Messrs. Stone and Stracey. The 
 Nabob fixed his residence firmly at Chepauck'^) near the 
 Company's Gardenhouse,'^) and does not seem to remove to 
 his own city of Arcot and Tirchinojjoly. The country is in 
 peace and tranquility at present, excepting the Marava and 
 Naulcooty's**' country, which was lately taken by the Nabob, 
 and for that reason the Kellery(^) inhabitants of that country 
 (who were attached to their old sovereigns) are raising rebellions 
 in the said countries ; but Colonel Bonjour,*^' jointly with the 
 Nabob's son, is exerting himself there to suppress the same . . ." 
 
 " MuDOO KiSTNA." 
 
 [Autograph, 1| p,, flscp.] 
 
 [No. 207.] 
 Tho[ma]s Palk, to Rob[er]t Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1773, March 22nd, Calcutta. — Since I last wrote, I have been 
 appointed by Mr. Wynch to Masulipatam in preference to 
 several senior applicants. I am just starting for Madras, so 
 cannot seek a passage direct to Masulipatam. 
 
 " It was Captain Madge that wrote me of this appointment. 
 He writes to my brother also, proposing a most noble and 
 generous scheme ; that they do in conjunction lend me a sum 
 of Rs. 15,000 ; that my brother contributes 6 or 8,000 of it, 
 and he will do the rest ; that I shall enter into a partnership 
 with Mr. Burton, a gentleman you know at Masulipatam, who 
 has had a deal of experience in the world . . . What my brother 
 intends to do I know not ; but this I know, that he can well 
 afford it, and that he makes much worse use of his money than 
 he would by setting me out in the world. I shall have the 
 
 (1) Mudoo Kistna (Muttukrislma Mudali). Vide No. 70, p. 97, note 1. 
 
 (2) In 1707 the Navvab acquired a house and land at the fishing village of 
 Chepauk, one mile south of Port St. George, and built a palace. The area enclosed 
 meas\u"od 1 17 acres. The jialirc is now used as GovorTinient ofTices. 
 
 (•^J The Company's Garden-liuuse near Chepauk, one mile south-west of the Fort, 
 replaced an earlier l)uilding in I'cddanaikpetta which was destroyed by the French 
 during their occupation of ITKi-dS). The new house was acquired in 1753, and it 
 became the suburban residence of the Governor. Enlarged and extended, it is now 
 Government FTouse. 
 
 (4) The Nalkottai Poligar. Vide No. 176, /). I'.M, note 3. 
 
 (6) Kellerij (Kallar). Vide No. 175, p. 19-i, note 1. 
 
 (6) Colonel Abraham Bunjour. Vide No. 30, p. 50, note 2. 
 
219 [No. 207. 
 
 greatest opportunities of making money now, provided this 
 scheme of my friend Madge's takes. I cannot conceive that 
 he can give any justifiable reasons for his not agreeing in it ; 
 but this I shall insist upon, that he gives no reasons to Madge 
 that may in any means whatever prevent him from lending 
 me any money. The amount of this is yet to be determined, 
 and of which I shall not have an opportunity of communicating 
 to you till October next . . . Thos. Palk." 
 
 [Holograph, 3 pp., 4to.] 
 
 [No. 208.] 
 
 1773, March 28th [Calcutta.]— Letter of Attorney from 
 Robert Palk, of Calcutta, constituting Robert Palk, of 
 London, his Attorney. Signed by Robert Palk, of Calcutta, 
 in the presence of Henry Vansittart and Richard Kennaway. 
 
 [2 pp., fscp. War seal bearing the words " Robert Palk " in 
 Persian characters.] 
 
 [No. 209.] 
 Henry Vansittart, jun., to [Robert Palk, Esqr.]. 
 
 1773, April 1st, Calcutta. — " I hved in the same family with 
 your two nephews and Mr. Kennaway'^' for some time, but Mr. 
 Thomas Palk left us last week and proceeded on his voyage to 
 Madras. Mr. Thomas Stonhouse'^) (Mrs. Van's brother) went 
 away at the same time ... I have not yet entered upon the 
 business of the Persian Translator's office, but shall begin 
 immediately after the dispatch of the Hector. I shall profit 
 more by all accounts in that office than I could possibly in 
 any other . . . Henry Vansittart." 
 
 [Holograph, 2 pp., 4io.] 
 
 [No. 210.] 
 Warren Hastings to [Robert Palk, Esqr.]. 
 
 1773, April 3rd, Fort William. — " Dear Sir, I request the 
 favor of your care of the accompanying letters. That to Mr. 
 Du Pre I have troubled you with because I am uncertain of his 
 address ; the others, one for Mr. Sulivan and one for Mr. 
 Bolton, <3) I have sent under flying seals for your perusal. I 
 have not time to address you as I could wish, a declaration 
 which I am sure your kindness will admit as a full excuse. 
 
 " Harry Vansittart has just sent me a history of the 
 Seneassies,'^' which I enclose with this. Perhaps it may amuse 
 you, and you may probalily consider it as a curiosity when I 
 
 <l) Richard Kennaway. Vide No. 153, p. 171, note 4. 
 
 (2) Vide No. 72, p. 100, note 2. 
 
 (3) Henry Crabb Boulton. Vide Xo. 88, p. 117, note 2. 
 
 (4) The Sanyasis, figuring as religious devotees, formed themselves intr) roving 
 robber bands, each of several thousand men. They gave much trouble during 
 Hastings's first year in Bengal, and native regiments were employed to hunt them 
 down. 
 
No. 210.] 220 
 
 acquaint you that it was but yesterday morning (noon) I gave 
 him the original to be translated. The subject is important to 
 us, though to you it may appear trifling, for they are the people 
 who have latelv given us so much trouble bv their incursions, 
 and have obliged us to employ a considerable force to drive 
 them out of these provinces. 
 
 " I beg my compliments may be made to Mrs. Palk, the 
 General and all friends. 
 
 " I am, with a most sincere regard, dear Sir, your most 
 oV)edient and humble servant, 
 
 "Warren Hastings." 
 
 " P.S.— The letter to Mr. Du Pre and that to Mr. Suhvan, 
 together with the history of the Seneassies are by mistake under 
 another cover to you." 
 
 [Holograph, 2^ pp., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 211.] 
 Mrs. Eleanor Adams to Robert Palk, Esqr., Park Place, 
 
 London. 
 1773, May 14th, Tavistock. — Sends statement of account, as 
 received from Robert Palk of Bengal, of the balance due to the 
 estate of Captain Adams,'^) Current Rs. 7,134. 15 as. to be paid 
 at 2*. 2|<Z. per rupee. 
 [1 p., 4to.] 
 
 [No. 212.] 
 
 Reyno[ld] Adams to [Robert Palk, Esqr.]. 
 1773, July 7th, Fort St. George.— I duly received your letter 
 of the 17th November, 1772. Your proposal to invest my 
 remittance in the Funds I entirely approve. Mr. Hill and Mr. 
 Ley brought me your letters of introduction, and I have tried 
 to be of service to them. Both gentlemen will now proceed 
 in their respective ships to China. 
 
 " Reyno. Adams." 
 [P.S.] — " 22nd July. The Bridgwater is just arrived, all well 
 on board, and I am going off this afternoon to bring Miss 
 Vansittart'-> ashore, who is to be with Mrs. Hopkins. <^) . . ." 
 
 " Reyno. Adams." 
 
 [No. 213.] 
 
 Extract from a Letter from George Vansittart to his Attorneys 
 
 in England. 
 
 1773, October 9th, Calcutta. — " I have a plan of remittance, 
 which it is necessary should be insured. I will give you as 
 particular an account of it as I can, and leave you to manage 
 
 (1) John Adams entered the Bengal Engineers in 1761, and became Capt.- 
 Lieut. two years later. 
 
 (2) Emelia, siatcr of Henry Vansittart, jun. 
 
 (3) Phyllis n()f)kins, widow of (diaries Ilopkins who was Chief at Devil«>ta in 
 1754. A seafaring man from 17.S0 or eariior, ITopkiiis was .Kliuitlcd to the Madras 
 civil service in 175(K TTo married Phyllis Britrht in 17;Ul and died at Madras in 
 1757. Mrs. Hopkins sailed for England in 1775. 
 
221 [No. 213. 
 
 the insurance so as to afford no room for quibbles liereafter. 
 Mr. Law, Mr. Falk and myself have purehased for 30,000 
 rupees a ship formerly ealled the Madras Mcrcluntl, but now 
 named the Sarah. She is to sail from Calcutta about tlie 1st 
 of December laden with 4 or 500 chests of ophium, of which 
 it is intended that part should be sold at the dilTcrent islands 
 to the eastward where the Captain may judge it advisable to 
 touch, and the rest at China. She is to be commanded by 
 Captain Shaw, who has already twice performed the same 
 voyage with safety." 
 
 Remittances will be made to you from Bencoolen or Batavia 
 and from China as the cargo is disposed of. The value of ship 
 and cargo is estimated at £24,000 from Calcutta to China and 
 £10,000 from China to Calcutta, and these are the sums to be 
 insured. The Captain expects to reach China by August, 1774, 
 and to be back in Calcutta by August, 1775. The insurance 
 should extend to every place within the Company's limits. 
 " Here, where insuring is in general much dearer than in England, 
 we could procure an insurance for 12 per cent, to China, but 
 this would not answer our purpose of securing, at all events, a 
 remittance to England . . . The proportions of the concern 
 are : — on my account, one half ; on Mr. Robert Palk's, one 
 fourth ; on Mr. Ewan Law's, one fourth. Do you be kind 
 enough to insure the whole ..." 
 
 [4 pp., 4/0.] 
 
 [No. 214.] 
 Ja[me]s Daniell to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1773, October 13th, Fort St. George. — In my letter of the 
 ISth January'^) I mentioned Sir Robert Fletcher's contest with 
 the Board. " Little did I then imagine I should so soon have 
 occasion to tell you that I likewise have most materially suffered 
 from the exertion of my duty. Mr. Turing'-* and myself have 
 been called from our stations at Cuddalore from a desire of 
 forwarding the Company's Investment at that Factory. From 
 a perusal of the accompanying minutes you will find the truth 
 of my assertion, and though the Governor and Council have 
 been pleased to adopt another pretence for removing us, it 
 cannot alter facts so demonstratively pointed that there remains 
 not a single doubt to oppose them." 
 
 We are sending copies of the papers to our friends, so that 
 the Court of Directors may not be prejudiced in their opinion, 
 and I hope for your support against any injurious orders from 
 the Court. 
 
 " Jas. Daniell." 
 
 [Holograph, 5 pp., ito.] 
 
 <1) An error for 28th January. Vide No. 193, p. 208. 
 
 <2) John Turing, a civnl servant of 1762. He married in 1773 Mary, daughter of 
 Dr. Rohert Turing. 
 
222 
 
 [No. 215.] 
 A[nthon]y Goodlad to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1773, October 20th, Purnea in Bengal. — Your letters of the 
 9th and 1 Ith April addressed to poor Martin have been delivered 
 to me. I realize your friendship for my family, and trust that 
 yon will extend the same favour to his survi\'ino- brothers which 
 you always showed to Martin. 
 
 The disputes between the Government and the Company 
 in England cause disquietude in India. Some definite plan of 
 reform is urgently needed. " Mr. Hastings has been 
 indefatigable in his assiduity and attention to the dutys of 
 his station, but he must have friends to support his measures 
 at home to make them meet with the approbation of the 
 publick ; and the unfortunate event of Mr. Sulli^•an and his 
 friends being thrown out of the Direction gives me too 
 much reason to apprehend that his plans may meet with 
 disapprobation. I, however, hope for the best, for as I have 
 enjoyed the honor of his confidence, and experienced instances 
 of his friendship, I cannot be otherwise than interested in his 
 success, and ardent in my wishes for his benefit. He has lately 
 been up the country, and settled a new treaty with Soujah 
 Dowlah, but as I cannot acquaint you with the particulars of it 
 so fully and explicitly as Mr. Van*^', who was on the spot, I 
 shall leave him to relate the matter to you . . ." 
 
 After six years of arduous work in the Persian Translator's 
 office I was transferred last year at my own request to the 
 comparative retirement of the Purnea collectorship, where my 
 brother Dick is my assistant. My prospects, however, are not 
 too favourable. " I thank God I am honoured with the friend- 
 ship and good opinion of the Governor and Mr. Van, and am 
 sensible that they will assist me whilst they continue in the 
 country ; but, as I look upon Mr. Hastings's situation as 
 precarious, and that there is little dependance to be placed in 
 these times upon a man's holding a station which is so much 
 the envy of half the world, I shall be obliged to you by 
 confirming mv connection with Mr. Van (which is alreadv on a 
 proper footing) by urging every thing on your part which you 
 may deem me worthy of . . . " 
 
 Mr. Petrie at Madras has succeeded beyond my expectations 
 in the settlement of my brother's affairs. I think there will 
 be enough to pay everybody, though I have little hope that 
 Johnson will meet his debt. 
 
 [Holoi^mph, 4| pp., flscp.] " Ay. W. Goodlad." 
 
 [No. 216.] 
 Reyno[ld] Adams to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 1773, October 25th, Fort St. George.—" My last went by 
 Mr. Ley by the way of China, since which nothing material has 
 
 (1) George Vansittarfc. 
 
223 [No. 216. 
 
 happened here but the takitijOf of Tanjoiir, which lately fell into 
 our hands and is ffarrisoncd by the Xaboli. Tlie captive King 
 is sent to Trichenopoly. 
 
 " It is with great concern I acquaint you that this last 
 expedition will, I fear, prove fataFto poor Major Madge. He has 
 long been much out of order while he stayed to the northward, 
 and not recovered when lie Avcnt to the siege of Tanjour, where, 
 contrary to the advice of his friends, he ventured in the trenches 
 before his health was established. This brought on a relapse 
 and a dangerous illness, so that he was advised to go to 
 Cuddalore. About ten days ago he arrived at my house'^*, 
 where he stayed three or four days, as he allways lives with 
 me when at Madras. But as a cooler apartment was recom- 
 mended for him, the Governor has given him a room at the 
 Admiralt}^'-'. Mr. Paissley*-^' attends him, but he seems loth 
 as yet to give his opinion about him. It's said, however, that 
 he is not worse than when he first arrived. He is very low- 
 spirited, and thinks himself that he cannot live many days . . ." 
 
 " Reyno. Adams." 
 
 [Holograph, 4 pj)., 4/o.] 
 
 [No. 217.] 
 Edward Cotsford'*' to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1773, October 29th, Madrass. — About a year ago I gave you 
 some account of my work, in which I believe you are interested, 
 as it was you who conferred on me the management of the 
 Ganjam territory. " In all probability it w^ill become a Settle- 
 ment of importance, it being an establishment in the heart of a 
 country which, from the quantity of grain exported from thence 
 to the Presidency, may be considered as its granary ; and 
 indeed the amazing opulence of Madrass within these three 
 years makes such an one almost absolutely necessary. The 
 money received from Ganjam annually amounts to upwards 
 of 150,000 rupees over and above maintaining near two battalions 
 of seapoys for the protection of the country (now ind[e]ed 
 quiet), and also, if necessary, to keep peace in the southern 
 provinces of the Cicacole Circar. 
 
 " You doubtless will learn from other hands of the success 
 of his Highness the Nabob against Tanjore. The reduction of 
 that province may, I suppose, in general be considered in a 
 considerable degree as advantageous to our nation. The Nabob 
 is so connected with the English that, if the Government here 
 be prudently administered, it will be very difficult for him to 
 effect any considerable change ; but nevertheless the extra- 
 
 (1) Adams rented a house in the Port from Palk. 
 
 (2) Admiralty House in Charles Street, Port St. George, was so called as early as 
 17o8. It liad been acquired l)y the Company a few years before, and it ultimately 
 became the town residence of the Governor. The house, which is now the office 
 of the Accountant-General, was rented by CUvc in 1752-53. 
 
 (3) Surgeon Gilbert Pasley. Vide No. 47, p. 73, note 2. 
 <4> Vide No. 183, p. 199, note 1. 
 
No. 217.] 224 
 
 ordinary strides he has lately made towards a formidable 
 independency cnight to be considered by ns as most certainly 
 tending in the end to that degree of subordination we were 
 necessarily obliged to submit to under the government of the 
 Mohammedans in former times. The last siege of Tan jour has 
 been attended with a circumstance which may by and bye be 
 attended with serious consequences. The deposed Rajah, 
 finding himself in a desperate situation, made over to the Dutch 
 a grant of Nagore (a seaport) and some other districts on the sea 
 coast for a valuable consideration in money. The lands are in 
 value, I think, about four lacks of pagodas. The Nabob 
 considered this act in the King of Tanjore (according [to] the 
 feudal system of the government) as unwarrantable, and 
 accordingly demanded the assistance of the Company to assist 
 his troops in the recovery of the alienated lands. The Governor 
 and Council .... determined on assisting him against the 
 Dutch, in which opinion they were strengthened by the 
 concurrence of Sir Robert Harland, the King's Minister. The 
 Dutch are accordingly driven out of their new acquisition, and 
 have made a protest in form to General Smith, which is signed 
 by their whole Council. The recovery of the lands for the 
 Nabob is but a trifle I think, as the Dutch have not withdrawn 
 their claim, and are strengthening their fortress, which, if 
 perfect, would doubtless be held as a strong fortification even 
 in Europe ; and they are collecting all the troops they can draw 
 from Ceylon, and doubtless will have a reinforcement from 
 Rata via as early as the season will permit. I think it is probable 
 the Dutch government at Ratavia have taken into consideration 
 the practicability of such measures as might lead to their 
 procuring some territorial possessions on the coast of Chormandell 
 ever since the first siege of Tanjore. If so, there is no saying at 
 present what revolutions may be brought about by their 
 interfering with the Marattas or any other Powers. I think 
 it is remarked of the Dutch that they are wise in their delibera- 
 tions and persevering in their conduct." 
 
 As the attack of Tanjore may have serious consequences, I 
 am surprised that the Governor and Council do not garrison 
 the place with Company's troops. The interference of the 
 King's Minister ought not to force the Roard to any policy 
 detrimental to the Company. 
 
 " There is still another measure which I shall take leave to 
 say may in the end be of great detriment to the Company — I 
 mean the bargaining with individuals beforehand (a committee 
 of officers) for the services to be rendered by them to take the 
 Fort for a certain sum of money to be payed them in lieu of 
 plunder : 2,000 pagodas to each captain, and so in proportion 
 to the rest of the army. Officers and men doing their duty 
 under such a condition never consider themselves any other 
 way than as conferring a favour on the Nabob who employs 
 them ; and indeed the impropriety has already appeared, it 
 
225 [No. 217 
 
 having been reported here that the officers might probably- 
 refuse to act against the Dutch, as that did not appear to come 
 within their agreement with the Nabob. It opens a road for 
 the Nabob to have great influence over our troops, and has many 
 other disadvantages . . . 
 
 " I arrived here from Ganjam in the beginning of this month 
 in order to proceed to England, but by the loss of the Lord 
 Mansfield I have been disappointed. However, I hope to make 
 my acknowledgments to you in person about the middle of the 
 next summer . . ." 
 
 " Edward Cotsford." 
 
 [P.S.] — " As I have not time to make a copy, I hope you will 
 excuse all errors and blots." 
 [Holograph, 4 pp., demy.] 
 
 [No. 218.] 
 John d'Fries to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1773, October 29th, Fort St. George.— The Nawab has given 
 an order on the Tinnevelly Renter for Pags. 36,960|, payable 
 by instalments between November and April next, on account 
 of the estate of the late Mr. Vansittart. The order has been 
 sent to Captain Cooke'^' at Palamcotta so that he rnay receive 
 the sums as they fall due. I have settled your own account 
 with Mr. Morse in the Nawab's bond, and handed a statement 
 to Mr. Stone. 
 
 [Holograph, 1| pp., Uo.] " John d'Fries." 
 
 [No. 219.] 
 Chocapah to the Honble Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1773, October 29th, Fort St. George. — The French received 
 this year three King's ships and eight merchantmen, bringing 
 goods, specie and 100 soldiers. M. Law is governor general 
 and commander-in-chief, and a M. Fochon'-' has been sent out 
 as superintendent to settle affairs. The latter has discharged 
 all the Company's civil servants, including those in council. 
 M. Law and he rule Pondicherry for the King, and it is said 
 that there will be no Company in future. 
 
 " Our army under the command of General Smith, together 
 with the Nabob's forces under command of the Nabob's second 
 son Maddor Ulmoolk,'^' laid siege to Tan j ore in August last. 
 After seven weeks they conquired that place on the 17th 
 September. The King was taken prisoner, and remains there 
 to this day. It is said the Nabob promised to treat him with 
 all the respect imaginable and maintain his cxpences." 
 
 [Autograph, 1^ p., deimj.] " Chocapah." 
 
 '1) Apparently Captain William Cooke, -who had cerred in the first Mysore wnr. 
 (2' Or Foucault. Cf. No. 230, p. 2:?o. 
 (8) Aniir-ul-Umara. 
 
 P 
 
226 
 
 [No. 220.] 
 Robert Palk, jun., to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1773, November 3rd,' Calcutta. — Thanks to yoiir influence, 
 the order which removed me from Patna last year has been 
 revoked by the Company, and I am now about to return thither. 
 " Mr. Hastings has been very kind to me on all occasions, and 
 on the present has shown himself particularly so by his readiness 
 to send me back to Patna. Mr. Aldersey has given me many 
 proofs lately of his inclination to promote my interest." 
 
 There has been lack of rain, and the price of rice has advanced 
 from 40 to 25 seers'^) per rupee. The export of grain is con- 
 sequently prohibited. The Renters have lost heavily on their 
 farms. Politically the country is quiet. 
 
 " You will hear of Miss Van from George and others . . The 
 early introduction she had into company in England has nearly 
 disqualified her for India. At present we Indians in her eyes 
 are but contemptible beings. However, she is upon the whole 
 a very worthy good young woman, and I hope will be much 
 esteemed and very happy in this country. Harry Van and the 
 Kennaways are well." 
 
 I enclose two interest bonds from Dr. James Ellis, payable 
 in 1775 ; one on your account for £2,880, being the balance 
 of your money in my hands ; the other for £3,896 on my own 
 account, which sum is to be invested at j^our discretion. George 
 considers interest bonds a safer mode of remittance than bills. 
 
 " Robert Palk, jun." 
 
 [Holograph, 4 pp., 4/o.] 
 
 j Enclosure] 
 
 (1) Company's order of revocation, 7th April, 1773. 
 
 (2) Robert Palk's letter to the Governor and Comicil of 
 
 Bengal, 21st Oct., 1773. 
 
 (3) Governor and Council's order of restoration, 21st 
 
 October, 1773. 
 [Copies, 1 p., 4/0.] 
 
 [No. 221.] 
 Hen[ry] Griffiths to [Robert Palk, Esqr.J. 
 
 1773, November 10th, Calcutta. — In my last letter I 
 mentioned the kind proposal of Mr. Hastings that I should 
 accompany him to Bengal. By Mr. Stone's advice I did not 
 inniiediately accept ; but Mr. Hastings has used his interest 
 in England and now leads me to expect that I shall shortly 
 obtain a nomination to the Bengal establishment. My brother 
 William has arrived with Captain Mcars, and is about to join 
 his corps. He and I are both grateful to you for your kind 
 exertions on his behalf. 
 
 [Holograph, 2^ pp., Uo.] " Hen. Griffiths. 
 
 (1' Seer, aliout 'i H'. wriLclit. 
 
 J5 
 
227 
 
 [No. 222.] 
 Henry Vansittart, jun., to [Robert Palk, Esqr.]. 
 
 1773, November 11th, Calcutta. — " I have received your 
 letter of the 10th February, and have heard the news from 
 Emelia, Uncle George and Mr. Palk. I think Emelia much 
 taller than when I left England, and I may add improved, if 
 I do not offend against delicacy by speaking in praise of her. 
 She was much disappointed at the news she heard at Madras, 
 but I hope she is now very well reconciled to her situation at 
 Bengal. 
 
 " My uncle's interest has procured me the post of Persian 
 Translator to the Calcutta Revenue Committee, which is the 
 beginning of my rise, and will give me practise in Persian. 
 
 " Your nephew set off for Patna 3 or 4 days ago, very happy 
 at his appointment ... I shall be obliged to you if you will 
 direct the inclosed letter to Mr. Tripe,<^' as I value my school 
 acquaintance. I beg you will give my duty to Mrs. Palk, and 
 my love to Nancy, Lawrence and Kitty. I have heard the 
 history of them from my sister." 
 
 " Henry Vansittart." 
 
 [Holograph, 2 pp., Mo.] 
 
 [No. 223.] 
 Warren Hastings to R[ober.t] Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1773, November 14th, Fort William.—" Dear Sir, Our friend 
 George has kindly taken out of my hands every subject which 
 I could write to you upon, and as I consider our correspondence 
 as resting on a principle superior to the forms of compliment, 
 I hope you will allow his letters to pass as mine. You will find 
 nothing, I believe, in his sentiments differing from my own. 
 I have a pleasure in acknowledging to you the benefits and 
 satisfaction which I derive from his friendship. 
 
 " I beg leave to repeat my request that Mr. Sulivan and Mr. 
 Du Pre may see the papers which you will receive from George 
 containing the particulars of the late treaty*-' at Benaris. The 
 General*^' has had the last word, but I still think his arguments 
 stand as they did, and (if I may be the judge) plainly refuted. 
 
 " The first payment of the treaty money has been some time 
 paid to Mr. Lambert'*', whom I left with the Vizier to receive 
 it, and is by this time on the way down. I beg your attention 
 to a remark which you will find somewhere in the papers which 
 are now going to you, that the addition of so much ready money 
 to the exhausted currency of the country is a profit scarce less 
 
 (1) Nicholas Tripe, son of Dr. Tripe of Ashburton. Cf. No. 162., p. ISO, noto 3. 
 
 (2) The Treaty negotiated at Benares in 1773 between Hastings and Shuja-ud- 
 daiila, by wJiich the districts of Kora and Allahabad were ceded to the NawaV> 
 Vizier for 50 lakhs, the British engaging to aid him in the conquest of Kohilkhand 
 on pajTnent of expenses. 
 
 i:^' Sir Knt.ort Barker. 
 
 (•*) William Lambert, a member of the Bengal Council, 
 
No. 223] 228 
 
 than the addition of so much to the weak Treasury of the 
 Company. 
 
 " I have referred General Caillaud to you for the particulars 
 of Bengal intelligence, and beg that he too may see these papers. 
 There are indeed some anti-military passages which may not 
 suit his ideas, but in truth our connection with the Vizier till 
 now rested wholly with the mihtary commander. In all other 
 points I have endeavoured to conduct myself with such equality 
 between the civil and military corps that I believe I can safely 
 say that I have not even a biass to either ; and in my conferences 
 with the Vizier I took pains to give a consequence to the General, 
 although I took care to let the Vizier know that his dependence 
 was on the Governor alone. In this I surely acted with 
 propriety. The Governor only is charged with a separate 
 responsibility, and ought to guide the measures for which he 
 is responsible. 
 
 " Enclosed I send you a paper, which has been drawn up 
 by a young gentleman of my family, containing an abstract of 
 the arrangements which have taken place in the Revenue 
 department. It may give a competent idea of what has been 
 done, but over rates, perhaps, the advantages which are likely 
 to be derived from it. 
 
 " I beg to be kindly remembered to Mrs. Palk, the General, 
 and all friends. 
 
 " I am, with the sincerest regard and esteem, dear Sir, your 
 obedient and faithful servant, 
 
 " Warren Hastings." 
 
 [Holograph, 4i pp., Mo.] 
 
 [No. 224.] 
 [Robert Palk to Thomas Palk]. 
 
 N.D. [cir. 1773.] — " Dear Tom, I have this year received 
 from you many letters, and none of them have given me pleasure. 
 I have provided, or endeavoured to provide, for many young 
 men, and you are among those who seem to me least of all 
 to deserve it ; for if I can guess from your correspondence, 
 inconsiderate and vacant as it is, you have not only neglected 
 your own improvement and the duty, attention, industry and 
 diligence you owe the Company and your own character, but 
 have given yourself most entirely to idleness, extravagance 
 and folly very unbecoming your situation and circumstances, 
 who have nothing to depend on but your own merit and the 
 qualifying yourself for those offices wliich hereafter may fall to 
 your share if your unworthiness docs not prevent it. I pass over 
 your hesitating between military and civil, though a young man 
 who, having had some pains taken with his education, might 
 at least have learnt patiently and chearfully to submit to what 
 his parents so much wished and had thought best for him. 
 
 " Jn short, 1 cannot observe in your letters or your conduct 
 one generous sentiment which can give me a prospect of your 
 
229 [No. 224 
 
 future success and well doing. Character and a virtuous 
 ciiiulatiou after reputation and a good name seem to make 
 no part of your pursuit, and provided you can support your 
 illjudged extravagance, no matter from whence it comes. You 
 are descended, if not from very opulent, at least very honest 
 and worthy ancestors. Your father,'^' though distressed 
 beyond measure in his younger years, preferred an honest and 
 \irtuous reputation. Your grandfather*^) lives in the friendship 
 and esteem of all that knew him, and the same have I heard of his 
 father*^) ; and yet they had not those advantages in their 
 youth which (happily we hoped) have fallen to your share. 
 But the dawn of your reason seems not to have been exercised 
 in preserving yourself from ignorance, or accustoming yourself 
 to good habits, or reconciling to yourself the good will and 
 kindness of those with whom you must have an intercourse. 
 You unfortunately have judged that attention and provision 
 is due to you, merit out of the question. It is painful to me 
 to write such a letter, and it ought to be more so [to] you for 
 having made it necessary. I shall mention no particulars of 
 your idle and unthinking conduct : your own memory will 
 serve sufficiently to recollect them. Only imagine to yourself 
 that I am well acquainted with what you would most wish to 
 conceal, and try to retrieve all this by adopting a little more 
 morality into your conduct. Forget not your Creator in the 
 days of your youth, and learn to live on your own allowances 
 without pitifully running in debt with every man you meet 
 or have the least connection with. The allowance I gave you 
 was amply sufficient had you lived in the Fort as you ought to 
 ha^e done, and looked on yourself only as a servant to the 
 Company, from whom only you were to expect the encourage- 
 ment that was due to diligence and merit." 
 
 [Unsigned draft.] 
 [Holograph, 2 pp., Mo.] 
 
 [No. 225.] 
 
 George Vansittart to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1774, January 1st, Calcutta. — " Dear Palk, This will be 
 delivered to you by Captain Duff,<^' who, I believe, was formerly 
 recommended by you to my brother. The state of his health 
 obliges him to go home, but he means to return to Bengal, and 
 hopes to recover the rank of which he was deprived in '66 in 
 consequence of false representations made against him. He 
 will himself acquaint you with the particulars, and I am sure 
 
 <1) Walter Palk, elder brother of Governor Palk, b. 1714, d. 1801. 
 
 (2) Walter Palk, father of Governor Palk, b. 1686. 
 
 (3) Walter Palk, grandfather of Governor Palk, b. 1659, d. 1706. 
 
 ^*' Captain Patrick Duff, Bengal Engineers, had been involved in the combination 
 of oflScers of 1766, but his supersession by two other captains was unconnected with 
 his action at that time. It was the result of promotions which had lieen made 
 locally without regard to the seniority determined by the Company's original 
 appointments. (Bengal Pub. Proceedirujs, 14th Jime, 1773.) 
 
No. 225.] 280 
 
 he will do so without the smallest partiality. We have recom- 
 mended him very strongly to the Court of Directors in our 
 general letter, and I shall be really obliged to you if you will 
 give him all the support in your power. He has every right 
 to the Company's favour which can be derived from long and 
 distinguished services, from being wounded in their service, 
 and from an universal good character both in his military and 
 private capacity. Yours affectionately, 
 
 [Holograph, 1| p., Mo.] " George Vansittart." 
 
 [No. 226.] 
 Colonel Gilbert Ironside to Rob[er]t Palk, Esq. 
 
 1774, January 15th, The Grove, near Fort William. — " Some 
 time in October last, soon after her arrival, Mrs. Ironside did 
 herself the pleasure to acquaint Mrs. H. Vansittart of the health 
 and safety of her daughter*^' after a short and not altogether 
 an unpleasant passage. Mrs. Ironside brought with her a 
 greater share of health than she possessed for some years before, 
 and bids fair, thank heaven ! to preserve it. 
 
 " About two months ago Mr. Palk was restored to his seat 
 at the Board of Revenue at Patna, which is looked upon to be 
 a certain and considerable fortune in the space of a few years . . . 
 
 " From Mr. Hastings I never entertained any very ardent 
 expectations of assistance, and it is probable I shall see his 
 entrance and exit with little benefit either to my fortune or 
 preferment. 
 
 " Dulcis inexpertifi (says our friend Horace) cultura potentis 
 amici, 
 " Expertus metuit ; 
 and as I am of this veteran class, I am not likely to succeed at 
 Court. The unlucky line I am in is a material obstacle besides 
 to my independance, exclusive of the mean talents I have 
 in repetundis, and in the dexterities of political commerce." 
 
 For a sketch of our transactions here, please refer to General 
 Caillaud, to whom I have described them. I have paid to Mr. 
 Samuel Beardmore*-' the £100 for which you gave him an order 
 on me in 1772, as he is likely to be long a cadet, and is in need 
 of money. In return he has handed me a bill on you, which 
 will be presented by my attorney, Major Grant. 
 
 [Holography 3 j)p., Uo.] " Gilbert Ironside. 
 
 » J 
 
 [No. 227.] 
 
 Robert Palk, jun., to [Robert Palk, Esqr.j. 
 
 1774, January IGth, Patna. " I left Calcutta the 9th 
 November, and arrived at this Factory the 20th ; distance 
 about 400 miles . . , P^nclosed I send you a draft on Mr. 
 
 <1) Emelia Vansittart, jun. 
 
 '2) Samuel Beardiuore, a Bengal cadet of 1772, did not obtain his eniigncy 
 until 177H. lie died three years later. 
 
231 [No. 227. 
 
 Keiinaway'^- for a further sum advanced his sons . . . Captain 
 Skottowe undertook the care of a box for you, which I expect 
 you will say contains a monument of my folly. If it should 
 not pro\'e acceptable at Haldon House, I daresay it will be very 
 much so at Yolland Hill.*'-' Mrs. Van*'^' undertook to forward 
 two or three small parcels for me, directed to you, but 
 containing pieces of muslin, shawls, &c., for my friends at 
 Ashburton ; but by whom she has sent them I know not . . . 
 In additit)n to the silk stockings I requested you would cause 
 to be sent out annually, I shall be obliged to you if you will add 
 the following : — 2 black and 1 white hat, 6| in. diameter, 1 pair 
 boots and 6 pairs shoes ... I shall also be glad of a large 
 alarm watch or small clock of that kind, and a small light royal 
 hunting saddle, red leather and quilted seat, with light furniture 
 for the hind part only . . . 
 
 " We have no appearance of any disturbance in the country. 
 Shuja Dowla has paid twenty lacks of the sum he was to give 
 the Company for Corah and Illiabad<'*> by the Governor's treaty. 
 J\[r. Hastings goes on with great spirit reducing the Company's 
 expences, civil and military, but I do not think it possible for 
 the re\'enues to be increased. The attempt of it has been the 
 error of our Government ever since Lord Clive obtained the 
 Dewanny for the Company. . . The whole of the provinces 
 ha\'e suffered greatly this last season by a heavy fall of water 
 in the month of September, which overflowed the whole country, 
 destroyed not even [?only] the grain, but carried away many 
 villages and destroyed the cattle . . . Since that time we have 
 had a remarkable drought, so much so as to alarm the natives 
 with the fear of another famine. A stop was put to the 
 exportation of grain . . ." 
 
 The Collectors are recalled throughout the provinces, and 
 Revenue or Provincial Councils take their place. I enclose the 
 regulations on the subject, from which you will see that the 
 Company's servants generally are much restricted as to trade. 
 " This Factory is most materially hurt, for in order to grant an 
 allowance of 3,000 Rs. per month to the Member of adminis- 
 tration without taking it immediately from the Company, they 
 have claimed in the Company's name all the opium produced 
 in this province, hitherto the particular advantage of the 
 gentlemen at this Factory, which will be about equal to the 
 above allowance. This is a severe loss to all us Patna folks, 
 for there is no one article of trade left us but salt and Europe 
 articles, which barely bring us the full interest of our money. 
 This misfortune make[s] me feel the ill luck I was in by my 
 
 (1) William Kennaway, of Exeter. 
 
 (2) Yolland HiU, by Ashburton, the lionio of Walter I'alk. 
 
 (3) Mrs. George Vansittart. 
 
 (4' The pro\-inces of Kora and Allahabad, which had been assigned to the titular 
 Emperor Shah Alam for his maintenance, were taken from liim when he placed hiiii- 
 Belf in the hands of the Marathas. By the Treaty of Benares they were ceded to 
 the Nawab Vizier. 
 
No. 227] 232 
 
 removal in 1772, for had I staid here to this time, I should in all 
 probability have it in my power to take leave of India, and 
 avoided some misfortunes I have experienced. However, as 
 I am not ambitious, a small matter will satisfy me. I therefore 
 hope it will not be long before I see old England — some time 
 between this and 1780. We hear Lord Pigot is coming out on 
 the Eagle with his new plan of government. Also that Lord 
 Clive has been killed by a young nobleman whose name is not 
 mentioned, nor the cause of their disagreement. 
 
 " I am concerned to mention the loss of my worthy friend 
 Madge. He died at Madras the 8th November last. He estimated 
 his fortune in his will to be about seven thousand pounds, Mr. 
 Baker writes me, which for the most part he has left to his family. 
 
 " My brother is at Masulipatam, and much pains T have taken 
 to correct his errors and advise him to the best of my judgement ; 
 but wdiether it will be of service to him or not I can't determine. 
 I have said and done all in my power, and added 4,000 Rs. 
 within these few days to 12,000 which he has alread}^ had and, 
 I fear, spent. I have little expectation of seeing my money 
 again. It will, however, be some satisfaction to me if it saves 
 him from ruin. I do not wish you to say any thing to him on 
 this subject. I have already said so much as to make him 
 express himself very unguardedly in his replies to my letters 
 of advice. He is yet young enough to reform. 
 
 " Mr. Petre(^) has been tried for the murder of Mr. Rochford*-) 
 and acquitted, and is already by his countrymen's influence 
 promoted to a good employ, whilst his seniors in the service 
 are out of employ and in want. He renewed his application 
 to George for permission to marry Emelia. George declared 
 he never would agree to it. He then proposed that George 
 should admit of their waiting till such time as he (Petrc) could 
 write to Mrs. H. Van on the subject. To this George did not 
 object, and Petre accordingly addressed Emelia on the subject. 
 She mustered up a little resolution, seeing how disagreeable 
 it was to her uncle, and gave her lover a positive refusal ; so 
 I hope that connexion will never be renewed. 
 
 " The young Kennaways are very well. Dick is with George, 
 and makes himself usefull. Jack was left behind at this place 
 when the brigade marched down to the Presidency, very sick ; 
 for some time dangerously so. I have made a stout man of him 
 again by good nursing, and have just sent him down to join 
 his brigade . . . 
 
 " General Sir Robert Barker is gone home, and the command 
 of the army has in consequence devolved on Colonel Chapman,*^' 
 who is grown old and very unequal to the task. The old 
 gentleman has been remarkably attached to gaming till within 
 
 (1) Pr(>l>;il)ly John Pctrie of the civil service, who was a Writer in 1773. 
 
 >2) Gcorfje liochford, appf)inted Writer in April, 1773, was buried at Calcutta 
 on the 7th Septcnihcf of the same year. 
 
 (■^) Colonel Charles Chapman hold tlie command from December, 1773, to 
 January, 1771. 
 
233 [No. 227 
 
 these two years, and thereby sunk his estate considerably. 
 His'only wish of kite has been to accomphsh the amount of his 
 loss. It is said a compromise has lately taken place, that the 
 sum of near 80,000 Rs. has been made up to him, that he is to 
 return to Europe with Captain Meers of the Egmont, and Colonel 
 Champion to command the army, a very active officer, and in 
 every respect equal to the station ..." 
 
 " Robert Palk." 
 
 " P.S. — I have received your letter of the 15th March, 1773, 
 by Mr. Ives, and will give him every assistance in my power. 
 I've not yet seen him. 
 
 [Holograph, 8 pp., Uo,] " R.P." 
 
 [Enclosure. Revenue Regulations of] 23rd November, 1773 
 A Duan*'' will be appointed to each of the provincial councils, 
 and the Roy Royan<-) will serve as Duan to the committee at 
 Calcutta. The provincial councils and the Calcutta committee 
 will take orders from the revenue council, as the Collectors do 
 at present. The parwanas'-^) of the revenue council to the 
 Duans, and all sanads*^' granted by the council, will be signed 
 by the Governor. Collections in districts which are not the 
 seat of provincial councils are to be managed by Naibs.<^) The 
 Naibs under each provincial council are to hold courts of 
 Diwani Adalat,'^) appeals being allowed to the provincial 
 Sadr Adalat.'") They are to decide all cases not exceeding 
 Rs. 1,000 revenue for Malguzari*^' lands, and Rs. 100 for 
 alienated or free lands. For larger sums appeal lies to the Sadr 
 Diwani Adalat.'^^ Complaints against head farmers, district 
 naibs, zemindars, &c., are to be decided by the provincial 
 councils, appeals being carried to the revenue council at 
 Calcutta. 
 
 Military officers are forbidden to detach parties of sepoys 
 save on military service, or to confine any person not under 
 their orders, or to lend or borrow money, or to have any concern 
 in farms, taluks<^°' or securities, or to sell any article, or to have 
 dealings with any landholder or revenue officer. 
 
 Officers of the Faujdari Adalats'^^' are forbidden to hold 
 farms or other offices in the mofussil.*^^) Any complaints 
 against them will be made to the Governor, to be referred by 
 him to the Sadr Nizamat Adalat'^^) for decision. 
 
 (1) Dtian {dlwdn), chief revenue officer. 
 
 (2) Boy Royan (rairaiyan), deputy chief revenue officer. 
 (3^ Paricana {parwdna), written order, permit. 
 
 (4) Sanad, deed of grant. 
 
 <5) Naib, deputy. 
 
 <8J Diwani Addlat, civil coui't. 
 
 (7) Sadr Addlat, chief court. 
 
 (8) Malyuzari, assessed for revenue. 
 
 (^' Sadr Diwani Addlat, chief civil court. 
 (10) Taluk, from Ar. alaka, signifies (in Bengal) a tract of proprietary land. 
 (H) Faujdari Addlat, police or criminal court. 
 
 (12) Mofussil (mufassal) , outlying districts. 
 
 (13) Sadr Nizamat Addlat, chief criminal court. 
 
No. 227.] 234 
 
 Members of the superior councils either in Calcutta or the 
 divisions are prohibited from every kind of trade, except in 
 diamonds for remittances, or goods bought in Calcutta for 
 export to foreign markets, or goods brought from foreign 
 markets. In compensation for their lost privileges an allowance 
 of Rs. 3,000 per month will be granted. The export warehouse- 
 keepers at Calcutta and in the divisions are forbidden to trade 
 in articles of the Company's Investment. 
 
 No covenanted servant shall make advances for the purchase 
 of grain or other article of prime necessity for natives, such as 
 ghee, fish, oil, jute, straw, betel or tobacco, all which must be 
 purchased for ready money at market prices. 
 
 [8 pp., 4/0.] 
 
 [No. 228.] 
 Frederick Griffiths'^) to [Robert Palk, Esqr.] 
 
 1774, January 20th, Calcutta. — My brother has informed 
 you of my arrival here after a not unpleasant passage, thanks 
 to the gentlemen to whom you kindly recommended me. 
 
 " I am happily situated in the family of Mr. Hastings, whom 
 I am already under obligations to. When my brother'-' 
 presented me to him, he generously desired me to consider 
 myself in his family while I remained in Calcutta. Shortly 
 after, I was ordered to join the corps of cadets, a great distance 
 up the country. My brother, with the advice of some military 
 gentlemen, his acquaintance, mentioned to Mr. Hastings his 
 wish that I should have leave to remain some time longer at 
 Calcutta . . . He agreed, and would employ me to assist him, 
 ashehadseensomeof my writing. This he has since done . . ." 
 
 " Frederick Griffiths." 
 
 [Holograph, \\ p., flscp.] 
 
 [No. 229.] 
 
 Reyno[ld] Adams to Robert Palk, Esqr., Park Place, St. 
 
 James's. 
 
 1774, February 2nd, Fort St. George— I am sending you a 
 pipe of old madeira, which I ask you to accept. " As I have 
 no thoughts at present of leaving this country, and as my 
 employ will be ruined if Mr. Baker should have the watering 
 of tiic ships, I have thought of a thing which is very advan- 
 tag[cJous if it can be obtained, and which I think may be 
 done if you will be pleased to favor me with your assistance. 
 It is to make a tender to the Court of Directors for the Bettle 
 and Tobacco farm and Bang''^> leaves (as they always go together) 
 
 (1) Frederick Griffiths, one of the two sons (No, 60, p. 76) of the Rev. Charles 
 Grifliths, ai)pcars to be identical with William Griffilhs (No. 163, p. 184, and 
 No. 221, />. 226). His name was probably Fredorick William. 
 
 (2) Henry Griffiths. 
 
 *■'' Bang, bluing, from Sansk. bhangu, hoiiip : the leaves of Cannabis indica, from 
 which a narcotic is derived. 
 
235 [No. 229. 
 
 as soon as the present cowl expires, which will be about two 
 years hence. It was granted to the present renter fur Pags. 
 28,000 per annum, and I mean that my tender for the next term 
 shall be Pags. 30,000, and to give Soncar or other security to 
 the Governor and Council . . and I will supply the publick 
 in such beatle, tobacco and bang leaves as other renters has done 
 before me . . " 
 
 It has not been customary, it is true, to let the farm to a 
 European, but this is probably because no European has 
 hitherto tendered. I look to you for your kind assistance, and 
 I have written to Mr. Boehm for his. 
 
 " Reyno. Adams." 
 
 [Holograph, -If pp., Uo.] 
 
 [Duplicate, 2 pp., flscp. Wax seal with arms and initials 
 
 [No. 230.] 
 Chocapah to the Honble Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1774, February 4th, Fort St. George. — Since December last 
 the French at Pondichcrry have been employing 2,000 coolies 
 on the fortifications on the west side of the town, under the 
 direction of their engineer, M. Beausset. Since M. Foucault's 
 arrival in October the Council has not met, but in December a 
 council of justice was formed, consisting of M. Law, M. Foucault 
 and four others. The military force now comprises about 1,000 
 Europeans, 600 sepoys, lascars and coffrees, and about 150 
 peons. 
 
 It is reported from Muscat that the Company's charter is 
 renewed to 1787, and that Bengal is to become a King's settle- 
 ment, but nothing is said about the Coast. We shall soon receive 
 definite advices. Mr. Cotsford'^' and Mr. Hay*^) are leaving for 
 England. 
 
 " Rackobah, the Chief of the Morattas, with about 70 or 
 eighty thousand horses, came near Hydrabad and settled 
 matters with Nizam Ally Cawn, and is arrived at Seerpoor'^' 
 with the said force to concert measures with Hyder Ally : and 
 as soon as this is done 'tis reported that he intends marching 
 with his whole force towards the Carnatick. It is reported 
 that his demand of the Nabob is chiefly to put the King of 
 Tanjore in possession of his territorys, and the delivering up 
 of the Marawars' country back to them, Arrany*'** countr}-, 
 and the tribute for several years past due to them ; and 
 threatens otherwise to remain a long time in these parts and 
 to destroy and ruin the country. The Nabob, we are appre- 
 
 (1) Edward Cotsford. Vide No. 183, p. 199, note 1. 
 
 (2) James Hay, Paymaster at Tricliinopoly. a civil servant of 175<5. 
 
 (3) Seerpoor. Chokappa prohalilv means Sirpi, otherwise called Sira, in Mysore. 
 Cf. No. 232, p. 237. 
 
 W Arrany (Ami). The Marathas had ruled this territory for about thirty years 
 in the seventeenth century, and still laid claim to it. 
 
No. 280] 236 
 
 hensive, will not incline to deliver up any of those comitrys, 
 but endeavors to make up matters with money . . . 
 
 " Mr. Benfield'^' is banker and soukar to his Highness the 
 Nabob : all drafts and bills for the payment of the kists*-' to 
 the Company are sent to him, and he discharges it , . ." 
 
 " Chocapah." 
 
 [Autograph, 2 pj)., demy.'] 
 
 [No. 231.] 
 
 John d'Fries to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 177J., February 6th, Fort St. George. (Duplicate). " The 
 Tenively business don't go on well. The Renter at first said 
 he had no Star pagodas. When we agreed to take Porto Novos 
 he would not pay, he said, on Captain Cooke's receipt, but must 
 have mine, as the Tanaka''^' run[s] in my name. I sent Captain 
 Cooke my receipts for the first three payments. When he 
 presented them to the Renter, he said he had no pagodas, but 
 offered to pay in chacram*^' or fanams. These fanams anywhere 
 out of that country is not worth three quarters of the monc}'^, 
 and to exchange them there in Porto Novo pagodas or Bombay 
 rupees would take up a very long time. I applied to Buckunjee's 
 House, '^) and offered them to discount five per cent, if they 
 would give me bills. They said they had thirty thousand of 
 those fanams lying there to be exchanged. I considered, 
 however, if I refused taking the fanams it might furnish the 
 Nabob with a pretext to say that I refused, for the sake of a 
 trifle, taking the money when offered ; and the Nabob sending 
 to tell me he would make good the difference, I wrote away to 
 Captain Cooke to receive even the fanams ... I assure you. 
 Sir, I do every thing in my power, but you are too sensible that 
 it is an affair that requires influence, and I am but a private 
 person . . ." 
 
 " John d'Fries." 
 
 [Autograph, 2 pp., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 232.] 
 
 MuDOO KiSTNA to [Robert Palk, Esqr.]. 
 
 1774, February 12th, Fort St. George. — " The Nabob resides 
 at Chepauck as usual ; and as he had long design upon Ton j ore, 
 marched his troops jointly with the English forces against it 
 in the beginning of August, and took that Fort and the country 
 on the 19th of September last. The Rajah and his ministers 
 were made prisoners and their effects seized, and they still 
 
 (1) Paul Benfield. Vide No. 78, v- 109, note 1. 
 
 (2) Kif<t, instalment of land rcvonuo. 
 
 <3) Tanaka. Vide No. 2.52, p. 248, note 2. 
 
 '*' Charram, from Tam. chakram, a wheel ; silver coin formerly widely current in 
 Southern India. The gold pagod.a was equivalent to 22 J Tanjore silver chakram. 
 At the present day 28 J Travancorc chakram go to the rupee. 
 
 (5) A noted firm of native bankers. 
 
237 [No. 232 
 
 remain confined in the Fort. The Nabob has placed his own 
 garrison in the said Fort : none of the Company's troops are 
 there. The Company's garrison only remains in the Velhun 
 Fort as usnal. The Dnteh raised some disputes about certain 
 districts of the Ton j ore country, which at length were settled 
 between them and the Nabob, who has an entire possession and 
 sole management of the Tonjore country and the Fort at present. 
 
 " Narrain Raw,*^' General of the Maratters, being murdered, 
 his uncle Ragonada Raw succeeded in his room, and took the 
 field with his army, and after having made up the difference 
 which subsisted between him and Nizam Ally Cawn, crossed 
 the river Kishna and [is] now steering, as it is said, towards Serah 
 in the Balagat*-^ ; and it is talked that after he settles with 
 Hyder he will think of marching to the Pain Gaut Carnatick 
 to receive his Chout and to get the Tonjore country restored to 
 the Rajah if possible. But our Nabob is not unmindful of his 
 own affairs, for he has employed people to negotiate with the 
 said Ragonada Raw, but what success he will meet with none 
 but God can tell. At present the country is very much alarmed 
 of the Marattas ..." 
 
 [Autograph, 2i pp.^ Mo.] "^Mudoo Kistna. 
 
 »j 
 
 [No. 233.] 
 Robert Palk, jun., to Robert Palk, Esqr., London. 
 
 1774, February 23rd, Patna. — I have unfavourable accounts 
 of our remittance by way of China. Mr. Price could not sell 
 the opium at a profit owing to its poor quality. I shall be 
 lucky if I recover the principal from him. The cost of insurance 
 will fall on me, you and the Adams sisters, unless you think 
 I ought to bear it all. Price ought to pay the insurance, but 
 his affairs are much involved. At the outset I was unwilling 
 to engage with him, but I was overruled by George Vansittart. 
 He and I stand to lose Rs. 36,000. We began a lawsuit, but 
 George has relinquished his claim on Price owing to the latter's 
 misfortunes, and wants me to do likewise. I do not now know 
 of any good method of remitting to England. Unless you can 
 procure money by bills on me, I must send home gold mohurs. 
 
 " It is reported that the Marrattas have settled all their own 
 disputes, and are now about to take the field ; that a body is 
 to march for Delly and another for Arcot. We are under no 
 apprehension of them this way. Shuja Dowla is fighting with 
 the Jauts,<^> and is now before the fort of Agra, and so is 
 Nudjuff Cawn'*' with the King's troops, but they cannot take 
 it. Shuja has applied for one of our brigades to assist him, 
 
 (1) Narayan Rao, fifth Peshwa, was murdered in 1773 at the instigation of his 
 uncle Ragliunath Rao, commonly known as Raghoha. 
 
 (2) The Bfilaghat. Vide No. 163, p. 183, note 1. 
 
 (3) The Jats, who occupied territory to the westward of the Rohillas, had taken 
 Agra in 1773. 
 
 (■*' Najaf Khan, the Emperor's general. 
 
No. 233.] 238 
 
 and it is now near Banaras marching up. Whether the Governor 
 and Council will permit our troops to march beyond Shuja 
 Dowla's dominions I can't say, but I fancy it's his wish that they 
 shall be employed to reduce all that country. 
 
 " I believe 1 have not mentioned some views of Patna and 
 Dinapore cantonments taken by a black man, which I left in 
 Calcutta to be sent you. They are pretty well done. Miss Van 
 was to send them to you by Captain Skottowe ..." 
 
 " Robert Palk." 
 
 " P.S. — I've just heard that Agra was to be given up to 
 Nudjuff Cawn for the King about the 28th of this month. R.P." 
 
 [Holograph, 5^ pp., 4to. Wax seal inscribed " Robert Palk " 
 in Persian characters.^ 
 
 [No. 234.] 
 Robert Palk, jun., to R[obert] Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1774, March 11th, Patna. — I enclose for your information 
 copies of correspondence between George Vansittart and myself 
 about the scheme of remittance by way of China. I consider 
 that Mr. Price has not behaved well in the matter. 
 
 " George writes me the Council are going to pay off all the 
 Company's bonds granted before 1769, and that in future no 
 more than 5 per cent, interest will be allowed on borrowed 
 money. Every charge in the Civil department is decreased 
 to the utmost : they are now beginning with the Military. A 
 saving of some lacks is talked of only in the article of lascars 
 stationed with the artillery and at subordinate Factories. A 
 post is to be established all over the country the first of next 
 month, that is to say, from that time all persons are to pay at 
 the rate of 2 annas per himdrcd miles for a single letter.'^' 
 Hitherto the Dawks'-' have been an annual charge of above 
 
 2 lacks of rupees to the Company. It is now expected that the 
 Company will gain by them. At this rate I imagine in 2 or 
 
 3 years the whole of the Company's debt in Bengal may be 
 cleared from the savings made during Mr. Hastings's govern- 
 ment. 
 
 " I hear the Marattas have given some alarm at Madras, 
 although they have not entered the Carnatic, nor perhaps 
 intend to. Notliiiig has been done above since the taking of 
 Agra. Our troops are marching on towards Shuja's frontiers, 
 and it's imagined will be quartered there till the rains. The 
 settlement Mr. H. has made with Shuja Doula for paying the 
 Company's troops when in his country doth not meet with the 
 approl)ation of })e()ple in general. It is called hiring the troo])s 
 to the country J\)wers." 
 
 [Holograph, 4 pp., Uo.] " Robert Palk." 
 
 (1' a ' single ' letter wus one nut oxceedinfj; 2i tulas in weight. 
 (2) Duirk (ddk), post, transport by relays of ineu or hoiiiios. 
 
239 [No. 234. 
 
 [Enclosures. Copies of five letters which had passed between 
 Robert Palk, jun., and George Vansittart relative to their China 
 scheme of remittance.] 
 
 [No. 235.] 
 MuDoo KisTNA to [Robert Palk, Esqr.]. 
 
 1774, March 15th, Fort St. George.—" It pleased God to put 
 an end to the alarm ol" the Maratas, for Narainraw's relations 
 at Poona, having joined together, raised an army by concurrence 
 of Narainraw's mother and widow, and are upon a scheme to 
 attack Ragonadaraw and to put an end to his authority. Which 
 news coming to Ragonadaraw while he was upon his march 
 to the Balagat country, he thought it dangerous to stay there 
 any longer, and so he returned on a sudden to his own country, 
 by which means the country in these parts is cleared from the 
 apprehensions of the Marata troubles at present. 
 
 " As to the Nabob, he keeps his Court at Chepauck, and every 
 thing goes very well with him according to his satisfaction. 
 He seems to be firmly settled in his new acquired province of 
 Tonjore. The Raja of the said place, with his family, is still 
 kept prisoner in the Fort of Tonjore, and whose hopes are 
 entirely vanquished at present by reason of the return of the 
 Marata army as aforesaid . . ." 
 
 " MiTDOO KiSTNA." 
 
 [Autograph, 1 p., flscp.] 
 
 [No. 236.] 
 
 J. Price to Messrs. Fitz Owen Jones and James Potter, 
 Jerusalem Coffee House, *^' London. 
 
 1774, March 18th, Calcutta.— In my letter of the 6th instant 
 I stated that I had settled with Mr. Vansittart and Mr. John 
 Call as I did with Dacre & Harris, except that the insurance 
 premium paid by Mr. Call on his ventiu'c of Arcot Rs. 25,000 
 on the Albion to China is to be repaid by you on my account. 
 
 I have since arranged with Mr. Palk as with Mr. ^^ansittart. 
 Of the Arcot Rs. 50,000 lent by the former. Current Rs. 27,000 
 belonged to his uncle Goxernor Palk, and Current Rs. 7,135 to 
 the estate of Captain Adams the Engineer.'-' I have engaged 
 to meet the insurance premium on both these sums, and I 
 request you to pay it to the agent of either Mr. Palk or Mr. 
 Vansittart. 
 
 "J. Price." 
 
 [Autograph, 2 pp., flscp.] 
 
 [Endorsed in the hand of Governor Palk] " Captain Price 
 to- Fitz Owen Jones and James Potter, Esqrs. to repay the 
 insurance made by R. Palk on the Albion to Canton on his 
 
 (1) The Jerusalem Coffee House is mentioned in An Essay on Friendship published 
 in 1725. 
 
 (2) Vide No. 211, p. 220, notejl. 
 
No. 236] 240 
 
 account and Capt. Adams', vizt. Robert Palk, Esqr,, Current 
 Rs. 27,000 ; Adams, C. Rs. 7134 15a. Insured April, 1773, at 
 5 guineas per lOOZ." 
 
 [No. 237.] 
 [Robert] Palk to H.H. the Nawab of the Carnatic. 
 
 N.D. [1774, cir. March.] " To his Highness the Nabob of 
 the Carnateck Mr. Palk always most fervently wishes an increase 
 of glory and happiness. 
 
 " The gentlemen who are to join Mr. Hastings at Bengal and 
 compose the new Government there now proceed on their 
 voyage, and propose to pay their compliments to your Hig[h]ness 
 on their way. They come with the best intentions to give their 
 best assistance for preserving peace and prosperity over all 
 India, and from them you will learn the state of affairs in Europe 
 and who is most likely to receive the Government from Mr. 
 Wynch. I hope and believe it will be an appointment to your 
 satisfaction. Colonel Charles CampbelF^^ is endeavouring to 
 return to the command of the troops, and as I find he will be 
 very agreeable to you, he shall have all the assistance in my 
 power. General Lawrence in joins me to make you his most 
 grateful acknowlegments and, though his memory in other 
 matters begins to fail him, he shall never forget your singular 
 kindness to him. I still endeavor to keep up his spirits and 
 make his life comfortable as formerly, and we often recount 
 the many happy days we have passed with your Highness in 
 the field, in garrison and at the Mount." 
 
 [Holograph draft, unsigned, 1| p., Mo.'] 
 
 [No. 238.] 
 
 Stephen Sulivan to Robert Palk, Esqr., Park Place, St. 
 
 James's. 
 
 1774, April 3rd, 11, Paper Buildings, Temple. — " Dear Sir, 
 Ever since I last troubled you for money my father's circum- 
 stances (no secret I dare say to you) barely enable him to supply 
 me with what is necessary. I am sure that I as a son cannot 
 feel more than you as a friend. You have uniformly contiiuied 
 your regard to him, and as for me, you have laid me under the 
 greatest of all obligations. I protest to you, Mr. Palk, that I 
 have no other resource but in your generosity, and therefore 
 I venture to request two or three himdred pounds if you can 
 possibly spare it. The tide is against my poor father in every 
 thing. I see not even a glimmering of chance at the election, 
 and my own prospects here are so gloomy that the East must 
 be my lot, let me go ovit how I will. I only wish for an oppor- 
 tunity to convince you of my honor and gratitude ; but till that 
 opportunity offers, accept, I entreat, the sincerest sentiments 
 
 (1) Vide No, 41. p. 63, note 4. 
 
241 [No. 238. 
 
 of affection and esteem from, dear Sir, your most faithful and 
 obliged servant, 
 
 " Stephen Sulivan." 
 
 [P.S.] " I earnestly beg an answer from you to-morrow 
 morning." 
 
 [Holograph, 1 p., 4-to.] 
 
 [No. 239.] 
 Stephen Sulivan to Rob[er]t Palk, Esqr., Park Place. 
 
 N.D. [1774, April.]—" My dear Sir, After my last letter it 
 looks importunate to write any more ; but as I have only one 
 guinea, if you could possibly procure me the money and send 
 it me some time this day, you will essentially oblige your ever 
 affectionate 
 
 " Stephen Sulivan." 
 
 [P.S.] " If my servant should happen to be out, your servant 
 can drop the letter, and it will be very safe." 
 
 [Holograph, | p., Uo. Wax seal, device a deer.] 
 
 [No. 240.] 
 Stephen Sulivan to Robert Palk, Esqr., Park Place. 
 
 N.D. [1774, April.] Wednesday evening. Paper Buildings, 
 Temple. — " Dear Sir, I am infinitely obliged to you for your 
 kind letter, and though I can with truth say I would not have 
 troubled you if a real necessity had not constrained me, I must 
 and ought to wait till it perfectly suits you. When it does, I 
 have not a doubt but you will obligingly keep me in your 
 remembrance. I am happy always to wait on you, and I think 
 myself fortunate in your friendship, which I shall endeavour 
 through life to retain : but to-morroAV I am forced to be out 
 very early to do all that is in my power by solliciting at the door 
 of every Proprietor. The very first leisure moment I can find 
 I will dedicate to you, to thank you for those constant and 
 steady proofs of regard with which you have always dis- 
 tinguished, dear Sir, your most affectionate friend and servant, 
 
 " Stephen Sulivan." 
 
 [Holograph, Ip., 410. Wax seal, device a deer.] 
 
 [No. 241.] 
 
 1774, August 1st, Fort St. George. — Statement of Account of 
 Robert Palk with the Estate of Henry Vansittart. Signed 
 by J. M. Stone, George Purnell, Moses de Castro, and Pelling 
 &: de Fries. 
 
 [2 pp.. Mo.] 
 
 [No. 242.] 
 
 Lau[rence] Sulivan to [Robert Palk]. 
 
 1774, August 23rd, Queen Square. — " My dear Sir, As I 
 wished to communicate your letter to my son, who returned but 
 
No. 242.] 242 
 
 yesterday from the country, it has not been in my power to 
 give an earlier answer. 
 
 " The people of Ashburton are undoubtedly bound to you 
 by the powerfull tyes of gratitude and affection as well as of 
 interest, and therefore their disposition to so generous a 
 benefactor could hardly be called in question. And the inference 
 I must draw is that in pressing Mr. Palk to be their INIember 
 they make an absolute rejection of Mr. Sulivan, because it 
 seems to be an agreed point that they can carry but one Member. 
 The preference is natural. At the same time I have the pleasure 
 to believe that, with two exceptions only (yourself and Mr. 
 Dunning)'!' the freeholders of Ashburton would continue 
 heartily attached to me. 
 
 " When I ventured to encourage Stee'-' with hopes of 
 succeeding me, it was from a riveted (but mistaken) opinion I 
 had imbibed that Ashburton was the last borough that you or 
 Mr. Dunning would meddle with ; but the moment I found that 
 you inclined to stand for this place, I did then, as I do now, 
 resign the whole to your determination, desiring that you will 
 direct me in the steps most proper to be taken to do you honour 
 with the freeholders on my resignation. 
 
 " From public motives alone I sought Parliament, but so 
 little satisfaction have I experienced within those walls that, 
 had I noiv my then independance, no temptation upon earth 
 should have carried me thither again. But the melancholly 
 change makes it (if possible) necessary to the future prospects 
 of my familly that either I or my son should be in the Senate. 
 If he happily succeeds any where, and I should in some degree 
 recover my India line, every wished for purpose will be answered ; 
 but if the whole ends (not unusual to me) in building castles, 
 I shall still trust ' that whatever is, is best.' 
 
 " It was more my misfortune than fault that I did not meet 
 IMr. Dunning. I went out to Putney with a full intention to 
 lay open to him every circumstance, and determined to adopt 
 such advice as such an inestimable friend should give ; but wlien 
 I found those were to dine with us whose smiles had always 
 attended mv better davs, I wanted that fortitude whicli has 
 seldom failed me, and therefore only said to our friend at 
 parting that I should call upon him in Town to mention some 
 material matters. I did so three times. My son also called, 
 but we could not meet. 
 
 " I have the pleasure to tell you that Mr. Maclean*^' goes on 
 well, and will certainly wind up honourably. He has already 
 made a begiiming, and sends me by the Resolution money to 
 buy in Mr. Dunning's India Stock, which will so far take off 
 a load from \'an's estate and me. If I can return to the Direction 
 and keep him upon his legs, a very large debt will be secured. 
 
 (1) .Tolin DiiTinint;. Vide No. 105, q). 135, note 4. 
 
 (2) Ktc|ih('ii Sulivan. 
 
 (3' Coli.iicl [,an<lilan Mfulranc Vide^o. 109, /). 189, note 2. 
 
243 [No. 242. 
 
 " I am unalterably, my dear Sir, your most affectionate and 
 obliged servant, 
 
 " Lau. Sulivan." 
 [Holograph, 2 pp., 4<to.] 
 
 [No. 243.] 
 
 Lau[rence] Sulivan to Robert Palk, Esqr., Haldon House, 
 
 near Exeter. 
 
 1774, September 15th, Queen Square. — " My dear Sir, 
 Except my kindest acknowledgements, I shall wave for the 
 present the subject of your last letter. 
 
 " Mr. Boyd'^' being vmeasy at the security given by Sir George 
 Colebrooke,*-' and, if good, by no means clear when the money 
 will be paid, he has been offered, and I understand will accept 
 in lieu of this security a mortgage on Sir George's Granada 
 Estate, the nett value 50,000/. at six per cent, per annum for 
 six years certain, and two reputable merchants enter into bonds 
 to pay the interest annually in England. Sir George proposes 
 to borrow 25,000/. on this estate, or he will exchange the Allum 
 (our) securitys to that amount. Purling, '-^^ I hear, means to 
 take the mortgage for his, which with Boyd's will be about 
 20,000/. If you should likewise think this more eligible, give 
 me a line and this shall be reserved, as I have desired Sir George 
 to wait untill I have an answer. 
 
 " I am ever, my dear friend, yours most affectionately, 
 
 "Lau. Sulivan." 
 
 [Holograph, 1 p., 4/o. Wax seal with arms, defaced.] 
 
 [No. 244.] 
 
 Rob[er]t Palk to Laurence Sulivan, Esqr,, M.P., Queen 
 Square, Ormond Street. 
 
 1774, September 21st, Haldon House. — " My dear Sir, I 
 have your favor of the 15th. Sir George is very good in making 
 me the kind offer of a Grenada security, but as I cannot wait 
 six years for the money, it will not suit me. He has used me 
 very unhandsomely. The Stock which I lent to him and Mr. 
 Motteux,'4) 4,000/., was bought for the purpose at 223|-, and 
 was to have been returned in May 1772. But when Mr. Boehm*^' 
 demanded it, you desired it might remain sometime longer ; 
 so that on the latter I lost 75 per cent., and on Sir George's I 
 find I am in danger of losing the whole. At his desire it was 
 transferred the 8th October, 1771, to 4 names, and I was charged 
 with the transfers. It was to have been delivered back the 
 May following ; but antecedent to that, on the 11th April, 1772, 
 
 (1) John Boyd. Vide No. 97, p. 127, note 3. 
 
 (2) Sir George Colehrooke. Vide No. 16f), V- 186, note 1. 
 <3) John Purling. Vide No. 98, v- 129, note 1. 
 
 «) John Mottciix. Vide No. 97, p. 127, nnfe 1. 
 (S) Edmund Buchni. Vide No. 97. /*. 127, note "J. 
 
No. 244>.] 2U 
 
 it was transferred into one name and sold off, he, who was in the 
 secret, knowing when to sell for his own advantage what did 
 not belong to him ; and to make amends he gives me an Allum 
 security of £3,000 for what he disposed of for his ozvn advantage 
 at about 4,400. This is the true state of the case. I never 
 asked Sir George but one favor, my nephew's reinstatement, 
 and you know how mvich I was hurt upon that occasion. 
 
 " I hope, however, the Allum security is ample and sufficient. 
 Mr. Smith'i' told me it was worth doulDle the sum it stood for, 
 and if Mr. Purling's and Boyd's assignments are discharged from 
 it, I suppose it is still better. Sir George indeed wrote me at that 
 time that this security was given us out of kindness, because our 
 demands would certainly be liquidated in a 12 month ; and I still 
 hope that we shall have a good prospect of receiving our ballances. 
 
 " I am ever, my dear Sir, yours most affectionatelv, 
 
 "ROBT.^ALK." 
 
 [Holograph, If ^., Mo. Wax seal ivith the Palk artns.] 
 
 [No. 245.] 
 Nawab Walajah to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1774; September 24th, Chepauck House, near Madras. — " His 
 Highness Nawab Waulaujah, Ummeer ul Hind, Omdaht ul 
 Mulk, Ausuph ud Dowla, Anwar ul dee[n] Cawn Bahauder, 
 Munsoor Jung, Sepoy Salaar, Subadar of Arcot and the 
 Carnatick, to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 " I have already written to you many friendly letters, and 
 have been much rejoiced to hear you are happy, as you are my 
 old friend. I have heretofore made some representations to 
 the Gentlemen in England, but as I have not hitherto learnt 
 that anything has been done to give me satisfaction, I have sent 
 Colonel Macleane'-' and Mr. James Johnson'^' to England. 
 From them all matters may be fully understood. Your friend- 
 ship for me is of long standing, and I am always thankful for 
 it. I hope the favor of your assistance will not be wanting to 
 settle my affairs, and my obligations will be encreased. 
 
 " What can I say more ? " 
 
 [Autograph cipher, 1| p., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 246.] 
 
 Lau[rence] Sulivan to Robert Palk, Esqr., Haldon House. 
 
 1774, September 30th, Queen Square. — " My dear Friend, 
 By the time this reaches you we arc no longer INIembers of 
 Parliament, for I am this moment assured, indeed I know it, 
 that a proclamation for its dissolution comes out to morrow, 
 and orders are issued to the Post Ollicc to stop franking on 
 Monday. 
 
 (1) Probably Nathaniel Smith. Cf. No. L>18. p. 245. note 6. 
 '-' Vidr No. Kii), /». 18!t, note 2. 
 '3) Vide No, :i8, ^, 45, note 7. 
 
245 [No. 246. 
 
 " H()wc\'cr com ("iiicnt it iiia>- be lo nic to lia\c a scat in the 
 next Parliaiiient, I cannot bear the thought of keeping you 
 from Ashburton, and therefore beg that you will instantly 
 secure yourself there. And pray assure our friends the 
 freeholders that I shall e\ er retain a grateful remembrance 
 of their generous attachment, and that if ever I have power 
 again to oblige individuals, I shall consider my self as much 
 belonging to them as if [I] was still their JMendjcr, and I request 
 Mr. Dunning, scnr.,<i' the Winsors, Mr. Abraham'^' and Mr. 
 Tripe*-'* may in particular know these my sentiments. 
 
 " I am ever, my dear Sir, your most affectionate and obedient 
 servant, 
 
 " Lau. Sulivan." 
 
 [Holograph, 1 />., -Uo. Wax seal with arms.] 
 
 [No. 247.] 
 Tho[ma]s Short to R[obert] Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1774, November 24th, Calcutta. — Having arrived here, I beg 
 to thank you for your kind recommendations to Mr. Vansittart 
 and Mr. Palk. The former has rendered me nmch assistance ; 
 the latter is away at Dacca. 
 
 "T. Short." 
 [P.S.] " I was sorry to hear of the death of Major Madge at 
 Madras, to whom you had favored me with a letter." 
 [Holograph, 1 p., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 248.] 
 L[aurence] Sulivan to Robert Palk, Esqr., Park Place. 
 
 1775, February 12th, Queen Square. — " My dear Sir, 1 hope 
 you have seen Mrs. Morse and Mrs. Van, and have pressed them 
 to obtain Mr. Boddam's**' solemn promise that he will vote for 
 me to be upon the House list, as no time is to be lost. Yesterday 
 a friend informed me that the Boehms have great influence with 
 Boddam. Pray speak to them. You have supported Captain 
 Halh^' and Nath. Smith. '^^ I wish you would ask them the 
 same favour. They have been applied to by several, and they 
 will not chuse to disoblige many Proprietors. 
 
 (!• John Dunning, sen., whose son of the same name was created Lord Aslilnirton. 
 Tlie family homestead was a small farm about a mile south f)f Ashbuvton on the road 
 to Pridhamsleigh. 
 
 <^' Robert Abraham, of Gui-rington, Ashbmton, a fii'st cousin of Kol)ert Talk. 
 
 (•J) Dr. Tripe, of Ashburton, whose son Nicholas married Grace Palk, niece of 
 Robert Palk, sen. 
 
 (4) Charles Boddam, then a Director and formerly a Madras civil servant, married 
 in 1754 Frances Morse, sister of Mrs. Henry Vansittart. 
 
 (•^) Richard Hall, who commanded the Indiaman Worcffter for ten yearn from 
 1761, was a Du-ector from 1773 to 1789. 
 
 '*" Nathaniel Smith was a Director fron; 1774 to 1795. He formerly com- 
 manded the Lord Camden. Cf. No. 10, p. 14. 
 
No. 248.] 246 
 
 "I have spoke to Mr. Manship^" and others, and still hold 
 the same clear opinion that our friend will be foiled. 
 " I am, my dear Sir, ever yours, 
 
 "L. SULIVAN." 
 
 [Holograph, Ip., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 249.] 
 
 Frederick Griffiths to Robert Palk, Esqr., Park Place, 
 
 St. James's. 
 
 1775, February 24th. Camp, Mydagaut.— I set out on the 
 21st October last to join my Cadet corps, and reached camp on 
 the 8th February. " My pay and batta, with a little oeconomy, 
 will allow me to keep a small table and to save fifty rupees a 
 month." My brother Harry has doubtless written to you ere 
 
 this. 
 
 " Frederick Griffiths." 
 
 [Holograph, lip., 4<to. Wax seal, device a head.] 
 
 [No. 250.] 
 Chocapah to the Honble Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1775, July 2nd, Fort St. George. — I informed you in my 
 letter of the lOtli February that " his Highness the Nabob 
 endeavoured to put his second son Madar ul Mulk'-' head of 
 Tanjore Fort, and of his intention to give up that country to 
 him in time ; for which the Governor, Mr. Dawson, <'^' Mr. 
 Brooke, ''^' Mr. Palmer,'^' Mr. Jourdan*^) and Mr. Mackay''' 
 would not give their consent, thinking that Madar ul Mulk 
 being not such a person as his Highness's elder son,***' and very 
 probably he may in time breed a dispute with his brothers : 
 if it happen so, and his having so large countrys in his hands, 
 he may afterwards not regard the English, and may join with 
 other European forces and may create troubles. General Smith, 
 Mr. Stone'^* and Mr. Johnson*^"' are inclined to consent to it, 
 and that he may go to Tanjore. For which reason the 
 Governour and Council at present are in two party s. We hear 
 that this matter are referred to the Supreme Council at Bengali. 
 
 " We hear that there are great disputes at Bengali between 
 Mr. Hastings and General Clavering, which you will come to 
 understand better by the publick advices from Bengali. 
 
 (1) John Manship. Vide No. 97, p. 127, note 5. 
 
 (2) Amir-ul-Umara. 
 
 (3) George Dawson, who joined the civil service in 1751, was, like Pybus, one of 
 Olive's little band of volunteer officers defending ^Vrcot in the same year. He was 
 in Council in 1768, and retired in 1776. 
 
 (4) Henry Brooke. Vide No. 31, p. 51, note 2. 
 
 (5> Archdale Palmer joined as a Writer in 1755. He entered Council twenty 
 years later, and sided with the Majority against Lord Pigot. 
 
 (6) Francis Jonrdan. Vide No. 33, /). 54, note 1. 
 
 (7) Geoi-ge Mackay. Vide No. 13, p. 17, note 3. 
 
 (8) Umdat-ud-Umara. 
 
 W John Maxwell Stone. Vide No. 29, p. 46, note 4. 
 (1(J) Saiuuvl .lolinson. Vide No. 194, p. 210, note 3. 
 
247 [No. 250. 
 
 " We have had two Coast and China ships and two Coast and 
 Bay ships arrived from England the 22nd of last month : on one 
 of these ships Sir Robert Fletcher and his wife arrived here, 
 and no news of the appointment of any gentleman at home 
 for the Government of Madras, but the people imagine that 
 Lord Pigot will, however, come out to this place . . . 
 
 " The Morattas are very troublesome at Bombay, and lately 
 I hear that our Government there met with great loss of a 
 detachment of 170 Europeans and 700 seapoys being cut off ; 
 and also by a hard gale of wind at Surat nine large ships and 
 about 40 boats were destroyed with goods and merchandizes . . 
 
 " Mr. Mackay has sold his great house in the P'ort to his 
 Highness the Nabob for 25,000 pagodas, and Messrs. Felling'^' 
 & de Fries sold Mr. Vansittart's house, that Mr. Morse lived in, 
 to his Highness also for thirty thousand pagodas . . . 
 
 " The Governour and Council affixed an advertizement at 
 the gates that the Parliament's direction to all the gentlemen 
 either civil or military in this place and at the Subordinates [is], 
 from the 1st August, 1774, not to receive any presents, money 
 or any thing else, either by themselves or by their servants or 
 people for their benefit, from the Indian princes, powers, 
 ministers, agents, or from the renters and farmers ; and if 
 any gentleman receive any such thing and the same be dis- 
 covered, that they will be obliged to pay double the same they 
 received, one half of which to be for the Company's benefit, 
 and the other half to the informer ; and that those gentlemen 
 shall be sent home immediately unless they give a sufficient 
 security to embark within twelve months. And if this is the 
 case, the Madrass gentlemen in the Company's service will find 
 great difficulty in getting a fortune after they disburse their 
 own pri\^ate expences, unless the Company makes them a 
 handsome gratuity . . . 
 
 " The Morattas' Admiral ship was blown up on the Malabar 
 coast in an engagement with some of our fighting ships, and 
 since which their fleet did not appear on that coast ; but we 
 don't know what trouble they may give us hereafter, since the 
 loss of so many of our ships in the storm at Surat ..." 
 
 " Chocapah." 
 
 [Autograph, 3f ^9., demy. Duplicate.] 
 
 (1) Thomas Pelling was born in India in 1723, and is believed to liave boon the 
 son of Thomas Pellinj^, sen., Coiirt Sergeant at Madras, who died in 1735. The 
 younger Tliomas was in correspondence witli Orme from 1761 to 17U.3, but his name 
 does not appear in the list of free merchants until 1775, when ho is described as 
 ' native,' i.e., country-bom. He joined John d'Fries in the firm of Pelling &, de 
 Fries, afterwards De Castro, Polling & de Fries. Pelling had several daughters, 
 of whom Elizabeth married in 1766 Captain Thomas Gibson ; Ann married 1st 
 Captain Thomas Oat« and 2nd Colonel Ross Lang ; Mary inarried in 1772 Cotton 
 Bowerbank Dent, M.C.S. , Catharine married in 1777 Thomas Palk, M.CS., and 
 Sophia married in 1783 Dr. Job Bulman. 
 
^48 
 
 [No. 251.] 
 
 James Hodges'^' to Robert Palk, Esqr., St. James's 
 
 Place, London. 
 
 1775, July 4th, Fort St. George.— Since I last wrote to you 
 in 1772, I have been obliged through illness to make a second 
 voyage to China. I returned cured, and my health for the 
 last eighteen months has been better than at any time during 
 the past five years. The interest of my bond shall be duly 
 discharged, but I am not yet able to refund the principal. I 
 have lately been nominated to a seat in the Council at 
 Masulipatam, where I hope to be able to repay to your nephew 
 some of the many kindnesses I have received from you. 
 
 " James Hodges." 
 
 [Holograph, 1^ p., Uo. Wax seal, defaced.] 
 
 [No. 252.] 
 John d'Fries to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1775, July 4th, Madras. — " We have now only the amount of 
 the ruby ring and the house to receive from the Nabob, which 
 I make no doubt, if the country continues peaceable, we shall 
 be able to do in the limited time, having obtained Tuncaws^-' 
 for the whole of the amount on the Wongole'-^' country, which 
 from its nearness is a convenient assignment "... We shall 
 remit through Mr. George Vansittart. The amount due by 
 Mr. George Smith to the estate of Mr. Vansittart is about £400. 
 " Mrs. Vansittart's character is vastly raised by her sufferings. 
 Her misfortune has rendered her mind great. I hope she 
 will hereafter enjoy the satisfaction of seeing her children 
 imitating their virtuous parents. Harry is very promising. 
 Mrs. Parry''^' is happy in her marriage . . . 
 
 " Bengal is over run with informers' accusations against 
 each other. Joe Fowke'^' stands foremost in this honorable 
 list. Nuncomar was to be tried for perjury and forgery. The 
 sessions at Calcutta begun the 3rd of last month. Our last 
 advices from there is of the 12th. They continued setting 
 still and were upon Nuncomar's cause. A treaty was concluded 
 
 (1) James Hodges, a civil servant of 1764, was Mayor of Madras in 1775. Most 
 
 of his subsequent terna o. service was spent at Masulipatam. 
 
 (2) Tuncaw, from Pers. lunkhicdh, a draft for money : an as!-ignnicnt of future 
 revenue. 
 
 (•^) Ongole, a town and taluq in the Guntur District. 
 
 (4) Emelia, daughter of Henry Vansittart, married on the 21st March, 1774, 
 I'^dwiird I'arry, a Bengal civil serv.int of 171)7. He became a Director of the 
 Company in 1800. 
 
 (5) Joseph Fowke, son of Randall Fowke of the Madras civil service, was himself 
 a Writer at Fort St. George as early as 17;}6. He was present at the capture of 
 Madras in 174(5, and in common with otlier civil servants was allowed to go to Fort 
 St. David. There he remained unemployed luitil 17u(t, when he was appointed a 
 member oi Sauiidefs' Council. It is uncertain wlieii he left tlie service, but in 1775 
 he was a free mei'ciinnt in Bengal witli his son Francis. He associated with Nand- 
 kumar, and was bitterly hostile to Hastings. The latter and Harwell prosecuted 
 both father jnd son for conspiring with Xandkmnar to prociu-e false accusations 
 «i?ainsl them. In 1778 Joseph Fowke was entertained as a Senior Merchant in 
 consideratiou of his " long and faithful services." 
 
249 [No. 252. 
 
 ^vith Siijah Dowlat's son, who has ceded to the Company 
 Buhvansing's''* country, reckoned worth 35 lacks of rupees 
 per annum. 
 
 " The Gentlemen of Bombay entered in a war with the 
 Morattas for the concjuest of Salsett. They are joined by 
 Ragopah, and ha\c to contend with the ^linisterial Party, who, 
 by having the treasure and the army for them, have all the 
 power, and our army has met with a considerable loss in an 
 engagement with the enemy in Cambay. 
 
 " Here, a sreat division in Council. The majoritv in l)ad 
 terms with the Nabob. It was a great oversight the sulTcring 
 the Nabob to garrison Tanjore, and may be productive of 
 disagreeable altercations. Already, I am told, there have 
 been many warm and many illiberal minutes entered on 
 record. The minority is General Smith, Messrs. Johnson and 
 Stone . . " 
 
 [Autograph, 4- pj)., Uo.] " John d'Fries." 
 
 [No. 253.] 
 George Baker to Thomas Palk. 
 
 1775, July 8th, Fort St. George. — I learn from your uncle, 
 Robert Palk, Esqr., that Major Madge's children have arrived 
 in England. Your uncle writes that the deceased Major had 
 in his hands the effects of Lieut. Thomas Palk and Ensign John 
 Palk. The Ensign's estate is Arcot Rs. 449 la. Ip., while the 
 balance due on that of the Lieutenant is Pags. 1,718 14/. 72c., 
 and Mr. Palk asks me to recover the latter amount. I replied 
 that I would refer the matter to you as surviving administrator. 
 The case appears to me to stand thus : — To the two estates there 
 is due from Major Madge's estate Pags. 1,361 26/. 72c., and 
 from you Pags. 356 24/. Oc, total. Star pagodas 1,718 14/ 72c. 
 According to a letter from the Major to your uncle this sum is 
 due to Lieut. Thomas Palk's estate alone, while A.Rs. 449 
 la. Ip. in addition belongs to that of Ensign John Palk. But 
 in his statement of account Major Madge represents the former 
 sum as the total due to both estates, and he makes no mention 
 of the smaller figure. I shall be glad if you can explain the 
 discrepancy. Please send me the money you hold belonging 
 to your kinsmen's estates, so that I may remit it to your uncle. 
 
 " George Baker." 
 
 [Autograph, 5 pp., flscp. Endorsed in Robert Palk's hand.] 
 " Cornish Palks, 8th July, 1775, Capt. Baker to Tom Palk." 
 [This certified copy probably formed an enclosure of No. 257.] 
 
 [No. 254.] 
 Thomas Palk to George Baker. 
 1775, August 12th, Maz[ulipata]m. — Although only nominally 
 one of Lieut. Thomas Palk's executors, I feel bound to give you 
 
 (1) Tributary Raja of Benares. 
 
No. 254.] 250 
 
 all the information I can. My own debt to the estate, S. Pags. 
 315 16/". Oc, arose in this way : — In 1772, at ]\Iajor Madge's 
 request, I visited JMasulipatam on my way to Bengal and 
 discussed with him the affairs of my deceased cousin. Lieut. 
 Palk left no will, but it was his expressed intention to give 
 everything to his child. On Palk's death in March, 1771, the 
 Major wrote home to my cousin's friends, but, receiving no reply, 
 decided after two years that some provision must be made for 
 the infant, and arranged with me that the sum of Pags. 315, then 
 in my hands, should be set apart for that purpose. I accordingly 
 gave a bond for the amount. " It is not fit that I should here 
 expatiate on the astonishing conduct of Lieut. Palk's friends ; 
 but how an orphan infant, so nearly in affinity of blood to the 
 mother of the child's father, could have escaped notice is 
 unaccountable." 
 
 As to the estate of Ensign John Palk I know nothing, but 
 surmise that it consisted only of clothing and equipment. I 
 suppose that Major Madge brought both estates under one head 
 in order to save trouble. The item A. Rs. 449 la. Ip. must be 
 part of the total sum of Pags. 1718 14/. 2c. 
 
 "Thos. Palk." 
 
 [Holograph, 5 pj}., Uo. This letter formed an enclosure of 
 No. 257.] 
 
 [No. 255.] 
 Colonel Robert Gordon'^) to Rob[er]t Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1775, September 10th, Bombay. — It gave me much pleasure 
 to receive a letter, dated 7th March, from so valued a friend as 
 yourself. " Mr. Edmund Veale Lane,'-* whom you mention, 
 is a young gentleman that I greatly esteem. He served lately 
 with me as Judge Advocat at the siege and reduction of Tannah 
 in Salsett, on which event that island, contiguous to Bombay, 
 was annexed to the Company's revenues, and may be supposed 
 in peaceable times to produce about five lacks of rupees. Mr. 
 Lane is now of the Council at Tannah. By [his] being in the 
 civil department it does not lie in my way to be of much 
 service to him, as you well know ; but if ever it should, I shall be 
 happy . . to do him every good office in my power. 
 
 " I am happy to hear my old friends Charles Brett and Mac 
 are alive and well. Pray remember me to them and to Colonel 
 John Campbell, whose acquaintance I seem to have entirely 
 lossed, though I do not know how or from what cause, as I do 
 believe our mutual regard and friendship was for many years 
 sincere, and on my side ever has continued the same. Mr. 
 Facey,'^* now a Lieutennant, is at present on duty at Tellicherry, 
 
 (1) Colonel Robert Gordon commiinded au expedition to Surat and Broach in 
 1771, and in 1775 one against the Island of Salsettc, which he seized and occupied. 
 
 (2) Vide No. 150, y. 169, note 2. 
 
 (3) George Facey. Vide No. 150, p. 169, note 3. 
 
251 [No. 255. 
 
 which Settlement, it's said, will soon be reduced from a Chier.sliip 
 to that ol' a Residency . . ." 
 
 " ROUEKT CiORDON." 
 
 [P.S.] — " Our Board have lately, and 1 think contrar[y] to 
 every rule of military service, employed Lieut. Colonel Keating, 
 Chief Engineer and Commanding Officer of Artillery, to 
 command an army as auxiliaries to the side they have taken, 
 vizt. that of Kagaboy, who murdered his nephew,'^' in the 
 present internal disputes among the Maharrattas. This 
 Ragaboy was in possession of the government for sometime 
 after the murder, but it so happened that his nephew's widow 
 was brought to bed of a posthumous son, whose interest the 
 ministry support, and are possessed of all the country and the 
 revenues. After being four months in the field and nothing 
 done of the smallest importance to the general cause, the 
 ministry very artfully applyed to the Supreme Council and 
 obtained their express orders for a cessation of arms ; and they 
 have sent Lieut. Colonel Upton from Bengali to Poonah as 
 their Ambassador with full powers to accommodat[e] all 
 differences. 
 
 " From a difference with our Board regarding the meaning 
 of the last instructions of 29th March, 1774, and alluding to a 
 Lieut. Colonel left in the command of Tannah Fort, his not 
 receiving the parole from a Resident, and a very extraordinary 
 letter I received from the Board in consequence, I had then 
 resigned the service when a convenient oppertunity offered for 
 England or by the way of China. Soon after which time the 
 Board took a part in the Maharratta war, and therefor 
 nominat[ed] Lieut. Colonel Keating, which I repeatedly 
 opposed, and afterwards offered my service ; but they chose 
 to adhere to their nomination, which I do believe they have 
 since repented, our President and Council having signified 
 their wishes that I should continue in the command till the 
 cause of our differences should be determined by the Court of 
 Directors, to whom they are referred ; which proposal, as an 
 approbation of my passed services, I reddily accepted of." 
 
 [Holograph, 8 pp., 4to.] 
 
 [No. 256.] 
 
 John d'Fries to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1775, October 7th, Madras. — I shall be ready to take charge 
 of your affairs from Mr. Stone when desired. I recommend 
 the sale of the house. Although out of repair, it will fetch a 
 good price owing to its situation. " I look upon houses to 
 be now at their meridian in Madras." General Smith sails in 
 the Colebrooke on the 16th. Mr. Wynch remains till Lord 
 Pigot arrives. " The disagreement between the majority in 
 
 (1' Narayan Rao, the Peshwa. 
 
No. 256.] 252 
 
 Council and the Nabob continues still. Mr. Stratton has quitted 
 Vizagapatam. Sam Johnson is appointed to succeed him. 
 
 " The Governor General and Supreme Council having wrote 
 to Basala Jung'^' to dismiss all the Europeans in his service, 
 (it is reported he has five hundred men, French and others, in 
 his pay) a considerable party is set out to be the bearers of 
 the letter. I hope it will have no serious consequence. 
 
 " The animosities in the Supreme Council at Bengal rage 
 very high. Nothing is done but from the spirit of party, and 
 the majority seem determined to carry their point in everything 
 and spare none of those that they think to be of a different 
 interest. Joe Fowke is rewarded with the Residency of 
 Banares'-' ; his son Collector of that province ; Mr. Stewart'^' 
 put out of the Secretaryship ; Playdwell'"^* dismissed from 
 Master of the Police — a post of profRt. He joined in an address 
 to the Judges. In short, it is a melancholy prospect. 
 
 " The Supreme [Council] having disapproved of the measures 
 pursued by the Bombayers in the war with the Morattas, a 
 cessation of arms has taken place. After the risques we had 
 run in a rupture with those powerful people it will be to be 
 lamented if we give up the advantages we have gained in the 
 acquisition of the island of Salsett, which is the grainery of 
 Bombay. The conjuncture is favorable for dividing and thereby 
 lessening the Moratta power ; although it must be allowed the 
 Government of Bombay did not concert their measures properly, 
 which exposed us to real danger." 
 
 Hyder Ali preserved neutrality in the Maratha disputes. He 
 has reorganized his army, and is expected to take possession 
 of the districts east of Goa which Ragoba made over to him. 
 Some suspect that he is aiming at Travancore. 
 
 " The exportation of the specie continues with us to a greater 
 degree than ever. It is reckoned that in the course of this 
 present year six lacks of pagodas have been exported to China 
 and Europe — a melancholy and very alarming circumstance, 
 for it must drain the country, and that very soon if continued . ." 
 
 " John d'Fries." 
 [Holograph, 3f pp., Uo.} 
 
 W Basalat Jang. Vide No. 19, p. 23, note 6. 
 
 (-' This was a false rumour : Joseph Fowke was peuinitteil to reside at Benares, 
 but he was not appointed Resident. 
 
 (•5) John Stewart, apixnnted l)y the Directors Secretary to the Bengal Govern- 
 iiictit, arrived at Madras in 1772 ami accompanied llastinss tlience to Calcutta. 
 Dismissed liy the majority of Council in 1775 against tiie wish of the Governor 
 General, he returned to England. His restoration was demanded as one of the 
 conditions of the delivery of Hastings's provisional resignation. 
 
 (■») Cliarles Stafford Playdell (or IMeydell) arrived in India in 1714. He resigned 
 tlie civil service about 1705 and returned to Kngland, liut went out again in 1771. 
 Jn 1771 Hastings appointed him Superintendent of Police, a post from which he 
 was dismissed by the Clavering faction in the following year. Ue was subsequently 
 reinstated by order of tlie Directoi-s. He mai'ricd l"-li/abeth, daughter of Governor 
 Holwell in 1759. and died at Calcutta in 1779. 
 
253 
 
 [No. 257.] 
 George Baker to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1775, October lOth, Fort St. George. — I regret that the 
 pagodas sent home on account of Major Madge's estate reahzcd 
 an indifferent price, but I cannot follow your recommendation 
 to send gold in ingots because I have nothing left to remit. 
 The balance of the estate comes in bonds at Is. (kl. per pagoda, 
 payable one year after sight. 
 
 The statements of account which you send of the estates of 
 your kinsmen Thomas and John Palk agree with those found 
 among Major Madge's papers ; but I can trace nothing regarding 
 the item Rs. 449 la. Ip., and I assume that both estates were 
 included in the statement sent to you in October, 1772. I wrote 
 to your nephew Thomas Palk on the subject, and I now enclose 
 his reply to my letter. I also send a final statement of the 
 account at the time of the Major's death. The balance due, 
 Pags. 1,361 26/. 72c., I have paid to your attorneys here. 
 
 " George Baker." 
 
 [Autograph, 3 pp., fiscjj.] 
 
 [Enclosure. — Statement of Account of the Estates of Thomas 
 and John Palk. Other enclosures were Nos. 253 and 254.] 
 
 [No. 258.] 
 Chocapah to the Honble Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1775, October 10th, Fort St. George. — Since I addressed you 
 by the Swallozv, man-of-war, on the 2nd July, I have learned 
 with satisfaction " that Lord Pigot is coming out on the 
 Greeynmlle for the Government of Madrass, which gives all the 
 inhabitants, merchants and people in these parts much pleasure 
 and joy, as they lived very happy in his Lordship's Government 
 formerly by his defending Madrass and distressing the French 
 at Pondichery. 
 
 " We hear that our Government at Bombay and the Marattys 
 are in cessation of arms, and the Gentlemen of [the] Supreme 
 Council at Bengali sent an English gentleman'^* as Ambasidor 
 to Ponnah to settle the matters with the Marattys, and to settle 
 the difference of their family disputes ; and if that affair is 
 once settled by our Ambasidor, the Marattys will always be our 
 friends, and we shall have none of their troubles in these parts 
 any more." 
 
 Four merchant ships have arrived at Pondicherry from France, 
 bringing goods consigned to MM. Law and Moragin and some 
 warlike stores. AVork on the fortifications there goes on. " Mr. 
 Dowsett*-' was obliged to go away from this place to Pondichery 
 about two years ago on account of his creditors, and from thence 
 
 (1) Colonel John Upton, Bengal Infantry. Vide Xo. 260, /). 255, note 6. 
 
 (2) Robert Dowsett. Vide No. 34, p. 56, note 1. 
 
No. 258.] 254 
 
 went to France. Now he came back upon one of these ships 
 arrived lately at Pondichery . . ." 
 
 Mr. Monckton's ship has returned from Manila with dollars 
 for the owners and "for the Arminion and Black ^Merchants 
 of this place," but the goods did not sell well. 
 
 " Mr. Hastings and the Gentlemen of [the] Supreme Council, 
 they say, do not agree with one another, and they say both of 
 them are waiting for answers from England about their 
 disputes." 
 
 General Smith and Governor Wynch are preparing for their 
 homeward passage. " Mr. Wynch has been very kind and civil 
 to every one in the place. [He] made a good Governour to all 
 the inhabitants and people of these parts . . 
 
 Chocapaii. 
 
 [Autograjjh, 2 pp., demy.] 
 
 [No. 25©.] 
 
 Richard Welland'^^ to Robert Palk, Esqr., M.P., Halldon 
 
 House, near Exeter. 
 
 1775, October 12th, Madrass Road. — " Honoured Uncle . . 
 We are just come from Masulipatam, where I was on shore and 
 saw Mr. Thomas Palk, and he behaved very kind to me and gave 
 me some books. Mr. Baker asks me on shore very often, 
 likewise Mr. Adams . . We sail for Bombay on Sunday next. 
 We expect Lord Pigot here every day, and Governor Winch 
 goes home this year. I think hats is very dear in India . . . 
 
 " Believe me to remain, with the sincerest love for you and 
 my aunt and cousins, &c., &c., dear Uncle, affectionately your 
 ever dutiful nephew, 
 
 " Richard Welland." 
 
 \Holnffraph, \ p. fJscp. Wax seal with profile head.] 
 
 [No. 2C0.] 
 George Baker to Rob[er]t Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1775, October 13th, Fort St. George. — In a separate letter I 
 have dealt with the affairs of your deceased kinsmen Thomas 
 and John Palk. Those of Major Madge, I learn, j'^ou have 
 committed to his father and family. I congratulate you on 
 the increase to your own family. 
 
 " I should be glad to give 3'ou some account of publick affairs 
 here, but my knowledge in this respect is very confined, though 
 on the whole I think I may say that the Board do not draw well 
 together. The late disputes about the Nabob's sending his 
 second son as Fousdar*'-' to Tan j ore gave birth to party and 
 resentnuMit, perhaps to rancour, which has not yet subsided, 
 nor is it like to in the present reign. The expectation of Lord 
 
 <!' Riflmrd WoUand, a naval cadet in Sir E. Hui^hes's flagship, was a son of 
 Ricliard WCllaiid, son., who iiiai'riod Oi-aco, Gt)Vi'rnor Palk's only sister. 
 (2) Fousdar (faujdar). Vide No. 12, p. 66, note 2. 
 
255 [No. 260. 
 
 Pigot's speedy arrival has by no means increased the respect 
 that was paid to the present (Governor. lie has in general a 
 party of Brooke, Dawson, Palmer and Jourdan, but not always 
 a majority. Mr. Stratton*" is very lately arrived here from 
 his Chicfship of Vizagapatam, and a few days since resigned it. 
 Dawson and Johnson were the best supported candidates, but 
 the latter carried it for the Chiefship. Brooke sollicited, but 
 had no support. He was told by some that he had had his 
 chance at Masulipatam. 
 
 " The ramparts of the \Vest front of the town and the faceing 
 thereof are up to the cordong,'-' and bombproof casements'-''' 
 all round compleated. The dry dyt[c]h and cunette'^' are also 
 in a good degree of forwardness, but the covered way and 
 glacis not far advanced. The ramparts are indeed very subs- 
 tantial, but some cracks in the faceing have already made their 
 appearance, and have very lately been mended without any 
 publick notice taken of it, and plaistered over. The East lire 
 is contracted for by Mr. Binfield,'''* and the foundation to the 
 S.E. was just begvm on, but left off again till after the monsoon. 
 " Mr. Stratton has tryed by every means he could to prevail 
 on Mr. Wynch to go on the Nottingham and leave him in 
 possession of the Chair untill Lord Pigot's arrival, but to no 
 purpose. Mr. Wynche's friends prevailed on him to continue, 
 as not knowing what may happen to prevent Lord Pigot's 
 speedy arrival." 
 
 Affairs in Bengal you will hear of from your friends there. 
 Our latest news from Bombay was " that the Mahrattas and 
 our Gentlemen there had agreed on a cessation of arms ; and 
 the Supreme Council at Bengali haveing sent a Colonel Lupton*^* 
 from there over land to Poonah with full powers to treat on 
 a peace, it is supposed that good work will be effected. 
 
 " The General'"' and Colonel Bonjour'^' come home on the 
 Colebrooke, which with the Nottingham, it is said, will certainly 
 sail on the 15th instant. And on that day also Sir Edward 
 Hughes in the Salishury, together with the Coventry and Sea 
 Horse, sail for the Mallabar coast. Sir John Clark'^' in the 
 Dolphin sailed in iNIarch last from Bengali with a quantity of 
 the Company's opium for Balambungan,*i*" since which it has 
 been reported, but without any certain foundation, that 
 settlement is cut off. 
 
 (1) George Stratton, Vide No. 47, 2'- 72, note 6. 
 
 (2) Cordon, the string-course at the base of the parapet. 
 
 (3) Casemates, chaniLers in the ramparts. 
 
 (•1) Cunette, a longitudinal trench dug in the ditch. 
 (5) Paul Benfield. Vide No. 78, p. 109, note 1. 
 
 '6) John Upton entered the Bengal Infantry as Captain in 1704, and became 
 Lieut. Colonel in 1769. 
 
 (7) General Joseph Smith. 
 
 (8) Colonel Abraliam Bonjour. Vide No. 30, /j. 50, note 2. 
 
 (9) Sir John Clarke, who carried off Eliza Draper from Bombay in 1773 (C/. No. 
 281, p. 271, note 4) commanded the man-of-war Prudent in the preceding year, 
 when he was knighted. 
 
 UO) Balambangan, an island off the north coast of Borneo, where a settlement 
 was established by Alexander Dalrymnlc in 1704, 
 
No. 260.] 256 
 
 " Your nephew Mr. Palk at Bengali has been ill of a fever, 
 but is well recovered again. Mr. Thomas Palk at Masulipatam 
 was well a few days since. The Salisbury, man-of-war, was very 
 lately there for some of the Company's bales, which gave your 
 two nephews, Messrs. T. Palk and R. Welland, an opportunity 
 to see each other. Master Welland is very well, but as he has 
 not been on shore since they came from Masulipatam, I have 
 not seen him lately. For the Commadore pays close attention 
 to the manner in which all his young gentlemen spend their 
 time, and lets them come on shore when he thinks proper, and 
 then only . . . 
 
 "As to myself and my affairs, they remain as they were ; 
 and I confess that I am glad we are to have Lord Pigot or any 
 other new Governor, since, be who it will, he may he less partial — 
 more so than the present he cannot heJ" I have in fact been much 
 hampered in my work, and unless matters are placed on a 
 better footing I may have to seek redress in England. " The 
 grand point I have had in view throughout life has been peace 
 and quiet at the eve of it. I will still keep to my own maxim, 
 and procure it if I can at any rate. This I hope you and yours 
 now do, and may long, very long injoy in the most ample 
 degree . . ." 
 
 " George Baker." 
 
 [Holograph, \2 pp., UoJ] 
 
 [No. 261.] 
 Reyno[ld] Adams to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1775, October 14th, Fort St. George. — " Mr. Stone tells me 
 he has wrote to you to recommend your selling the house I 
 live in. If you should resolve upon this, I beg leave to repeat 
 my request of being the purchaser, as I have dwelt in it so 
 long . . . 
 
 " I have now to request your acceptance of a hogshead of 
 old Goa arrack, said to be the best ever brought to Madras, on 
 which account the small quantity brought here lately is much 
 esteemed. It was got of the dispersed Fathers of the Inquisi- 
 tion ..." 
 
 " Reyno. Adams." 
 
 [Autograph, 2 pp., Uo. Duplicate.] 
 
 [No. 262.] 
 
 MuDOO KiSTNA to [Robert Palk, Esqr.] 
 
 1775, October 14th, Fort St. George. — " The Carnatick at 
 present enjoys perfect peace and tranquility. Our Nabob and 
 Ilydcr Ally Cawn in outward appearance seem to be upon good 
 terms. Tlie Moratta state is involved in a civil war ; our 
 Gentlemen upon the Malabar Coast are in alliance with Ragonaud 
 Raw, who contends for the Government of Poona ; a battle 
 or two was fought between him and the ministerial army of the 
 
257 [No. 262. 
 
 said place, but it was not decissive. These domistic troubles 
 have proved very lucky to Nizam Ally Cawn, who by the offers 
 of his assistance not only draws money from the Ministers of 
 Poona, but seizes all such districts and forts of his own territories 
 which have been lately taken by the IMorattas and added to 
 their dominions. These troubles have also proved lucky to 
 the other country Powers both on this and the other side of 
 the river Kistnah, so as to free them from their incursions and 
 demands of Choutt. 
 
 " By the account we received by his Majesty's frigate the 
 Coventry, Lord Pigot may be daily expected ; but some people 
 are of opinion that he, being embarked upon the Bombay ship, 
 may probably arrive at that place, and proceed hither in the 
 begining of the next year ; but what may be the will of Divine 
 Providence no body can tell." 
 
 [Autograph, 2\ pp., Uo.] " Mudoo Kistna." 
 
 [No. 263.] 
 
 George Baker to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1775, December 14th, Fort St. George. — " This acknowledges 
 the receipt of your favor of the 12th of April last per Granvil. 
 That ship anchored here about sunset on the 9th instant. 
 Lord Pigot, Messrs. Russel,'^' Dalrymple,*-* Crawfurd,'^' &c., all 
 well. His Lordship, &c., landed the next morning between 
 eight and nine o'clock in the midst of a vast croud of people. 
 Governor Wynch and Council, the Nabob and his family all 
 met him at the seaside and accompanyed him to the Council 
 Room, which was filled with a croud of people. After about a 
 quarter of an hour's stay there, Lord Pigot and the Nabob 
 withdrew to the Admiralty, where they had about half an hour's 
 conversation, when the Nabob retired to Chaupauk and his 
 Lordship returned to the Council Room in the Fort Square. 
 Here his commission was read and the usual compliments paid 
 him. This done, the troops were drawn up on the parade and 
 his commission read again, when he was saluted with three 
 volleys of small arms and nineteen guns from the saluting 
 battery. 
 
 (1) Claud Russell. Vide No. 12, p. 15, note 3. 
 
 (2) Alexander Dalrymple, a Madras civil servant of 1753, was in 1755 appointed 
 Assistant to the Assaymaster at Fort St. George " to be instructed in the art of 
 assaying." During the siege of Madras he was Sub-Secretary. In 1759 he was sent 
 on a commercial mission to the Eastern Islands, where he spent two and a half years, 
 and concluded a treaty with the Sultan of Sulu, In 1762 he was given the command 
 of the ship/-o>if/oH, in which he passed a further period of two years among the islands, 
 estal)lighing a settlement at Balanil)angan, off the coast of Borneo, and constructing 
 a series of charts. In 1765 he returned to England and pul)lished works on geo- 
 graphy and hydrography. In 1775 Dalrymple sailed for Madras with Lord Pigot, as 
 a memlier of Council. He sided witli the Governor during the revolution, and was 
 suspended by the Majority. Recalled to England in 1777, he was appointed 
 Hydrographer to tlie Company in 177!t and to the Admiralty in 1795. 
 
 "(•^' Quintin Crauford. FWe No. 20^, p. 216, note 1. 
 
No. 263.] ' 258 
 
 " The late and present Governor, together with the Council, 
 &c., now retired to the Admiralty, where the keys were delivered 
 to Lord Pigot and all the formallityes of his introduction to the 
 Go^'ernment compleated, and the late and present Go^-ernor and 
 Council all dined together both that [day] and the next, which 
 was a Military Council day and the first of the present Govern- 
 ment, But Mr. Wynch never assisted on any publick service 
 after Lord Pigot's landing, though orders have been given to 
 show him the usual publick marks of respect. He lives at the 
 (iardens, where Lord Pigot has hitherto generally breakfasted, 
 though he sleeps in the Fort Square and the young ladyes*^' and 
 the rest of the family live at the Admiralty, The day after 
 his Lordship landed he returned the Nabob's visit and passed 
 about an hour and [a] half with him. No extraordinary news 
 of what may be intended to do with respect to the Tanjore 
 business has yet transpired here, though people seem inclined 
 to think that something new may happen. 
 
 " I have paid my respects to Lord Pigot and Messrs. Russel 
 and Dalrymple. They received me very civilly, but I have not 
 yet had an opportunity to speak to either of them about my 
 business ..." 
 
 I will make further enquiries about poor Goodlad's affairs, 
 but full accounts were sent to England last June. This letter 
 goes by the Salisbury, Indiaman, Captain Bromfield, which 
 called here yesterday on her way from Bengal. We hear Sir 
 Edward Hughes arrived at Anjengo on the 18th November. 
 
 " By letters of the 1st November from Bombay Colonel 
 Lupton,<2) the Envoy from Bengali, was arrived in the neigh- 
 bourhood of Poonah. Our army was, it is said, advancing 
 from the north nearer to the Maharatah capital, and the 
 Government of Bombay had directed the Chief of Anjengo to 
 advise the trade from Bengali, China, &c,. to proceed so high 
 as Tellicherry without fear, but not to run the risk of proceeding 
 further till they sent them convoy. This looks as though all 
 apprehensions of danger from the Maratahs was not yet o\'cr . . . 
 
 " Oiu* Nabob haveing desired and obtained the permission 
 of the General Council at Bengali to send Mr. Chambers'^' 
 (a gentleman who has made a great progress in the Persian and 
 other languages) to Poonah as his Eml^assador, he is to set 
 out on that service in a few days, 
 
 " Bazzallyzung'^' haveing got together a number of French 
 and other Europeans, induced our Cientlemen to send Ca})tain 
 Edmonds with about a hundred Europeans to Ongole to be 
 ready to joyn the troops at Ellore if occation should require it, 
 but they have hitherto remained (juiet. This chief haveing 
 lately laid siege to the capital of some neighbouring little 
 
 (1' Sopliia and (/(^onnra Pigot, 
 
 (2) Oolnn.-l TTpton. 
 
 <"^' AVilliaiu ( 'liainlicis, of I lie Xawali'a service, 
 
 '*> Ma.salal .i;iiig, \i(li' .\o. lit, i>. 2:<, note (J. 
 
 I 
 
250 [No. 203. 
 
 state, the besieged applyed to Hydcrally for assistance. He 
 immediately, and as privately as possible, sent his son Tippa 
 Saib witli a large party of horse to the relief of the place, and 
 came upon the besiegers so very unexpectedly and attacked 
 them so vigorously as to cut off a great number of them, and 
 among the rest a great part of Bazzallyzung's Europeans, 
 which has for the present abated our apprehentions of his 
 designs . . . 
 
 " About ten days since we received certain (though neither 
 publick nor particular) accounts that Ballambangan had been 
 taken by the people of Solo. It was a private letter from a Mr. 
 Coles'^' of Council there. He exclaims much against the 
 conduct of Mr, Herbert,*-' both as to his management before 
 and at the attack of the place, for I cannot call it defence. It 
 seems they neither made or endeavored to make any. Loose- 
 ing gamesters always complain, and Mr. Herbert in his turn 
 may perhaps have as much to say against his colleague in 
 Council. But be this as it may, the Company, it seems, loose 
 two himdred thousand pounds sterling in goods, &c., &c., by 
 it. As they took to their vessels as soon as they could, I don't 
 find that many, or perhaps any, lives were lost on the occation. 
 They are now at a place on the N.W. part of the Island of 
 Borneo which they call Borneo proper, and from whence we 
 expect publick advices from them every day." 
 
 Messrs. Stratton, Dawson and Brooke all talk of leaving 
 for England shortly. Mr. Thomas Palk at Masulipatam was 
 well when I last heard from him. 
 
 " The good old General''^' ! My heart warms as the idea of 
 him comes to my recollection, but I cannot say I lament him. 
 He lived to a fulness of days and glory, and what could vanity 
 itself wish more ? . . ." 
 
 " George Baker." 
 
 " P.S. — Lord Pigot is just returned from a visit to the Nabob 
 in a rich palankin, which he has presented to him." 
 [Holograph, 11 pp., flscp.] 
 
 [No. 264.] 
 
 Chocapah to the Honble. Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1775, December 14th, Fort St. George. — " Ship Grenvelle 
 arrived here the 9th of this month, with Lord Pigot, Mr. Russell, 
 Mr. Dalrymple and Mr. Crawford, who landed themselves the 
 next morning, and his Lordship's commission was read, and 
 the Chair was delivered up to him immediately, and all the 
 inhabitants, merchants and people paid our visit to his Lordship, 
 and are all in these parts extremely glad to see his Lordship 
 again in ]\ladras . . . Moodu Kistna is acting at present all 
 
 (1* Edward Coles, second of Council at Balambangan. 
 
 '-' John Hprl>ert, Chief at Balambangan. 
 
 (3) General Stringer Lawrence, who died 10th January, 1775. 
 
No. 264.] 260 
 
 his Lordship's affairs . . . Mr. Wynch has resigned up the 
 Government, and Hves at the Admiralty House ..." 
 
 " Chocapah." 
 [Autograph, 1 p., demy.] 
 
 [No. 265.] 
 John dTries to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1775, December 14th, Madras.— You will learn from iNIr. 
 Petrie,'^* when he reaches England, of the state of Goodlad's 
 affairs. " We have received the amount of the ruby ring from 
 the Nabob, which shall be remitted by Company's bills in 
 January, and make no doubt of as easily receiving payment for 
 the house at the end of the term : by which means the concerns 
 of Mr. Vansittart in Madras will, I hope, turn out much beyond 
 expectation ... I am happy to find Mrs. Morse Ijctter 
 reconciled to England than at her first going. I think if Mrs. 
 Morse and Mrs. Van could hve together, it might greatly add 
 to the satisfaction and contentment of both. I hope their 
 pecuniary circumstances will turn out better than either of 
 the ladys apprehended . . . 
 
 " Lord Pigot arrived the 9th, and I hope will pass the 
 remainder of his days with us. A person of his reputation and 
 intimate knowledge of the Company's and India affairs must 
 l)e of great service to us in case of need. There was much alarm 
 at Chepauk House, which is not over yet, but I wish and hope 
 every thing will be settled and adjusted in a reasonable and 
 friendly way. The machine certainly wanted winding up, and 
 a tight hand is very necessary on such occasions. 
 
 " The dissentions at Bengal continue as violent as ever. 
 Nothing will put an end to it but the removal of one party or 
 the other. The war with the Morattas on the other coas[t] 
 continues in suspense. The miserable settlement of Balam- 
 bangan, I am told, will cost the Company four himdred thousand 
 £, and the lives of many people ..." 
 
 " John d'Fries." 
 
 [Holograph, 2 J pp., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 266.] 
 
 Major J[ames] Rennell'-> to Rob[er]t Palk, Esqr., at 
 
 Halden House. 
 
 1776, .January 2nd, Bengali.- — ^Forgive my failure to reply 
 earlier to your letter of March last. " I am aware of the 
 iiiconveniencies and folly of returning to England without a 
 c()nipet(;ncy. I thank (iod Mrs. RenncU*-" and mysoU" look no 
 I'arthcr than for the mere conveniencics of life ; so that what 
 
 (1) William Petrie. Vide Nd. 178, p. 196, note 1. 
 
 (2) Vide No. 145, p. 167, note 1. In the course of 1776 Rennoll was attacked 
 by a l>a(ul of Hanvitisis and danKcroiisly wounded. 
 
 (3) HeniicU luai'iied al OalcuUa in 1772 .Jane Thackeray, great-aunt of the 
 novelist. 
 
261 [No. 266. 
 
 would be a trifling pittance to many will be adlucnec to us. 
 Mrs. Rennell joins me in best Avishes to yourself and Mrs. Palk. 
 We have had the misfortune to lose our little girl, our only 
 child ; but I hope God Almighty will in good time give us 
 another."'i> 
 
 " J. Rennell." 
 [Ilolograjjh, 1 p., Ito. Wax seal with arms.] 
 
 [No. 267.] 
 Lieut. J. Snelling to Rob[er]t Palk, Esqr., Halldown House. 
 
 1776, January 4th, Sick Quarters, Vizagapatam. — " My ever 
 honoured and esteemed Patron, Sick as I am at present, 
 gratitude for the numberles[s] favors I have received obhges 
 me to let you hear how 1 go on and where I am stationed." I 
 wrote last from Aska, whence I was transferred to Captain 
 INIathews's battalion at Chicacole. This was for me a fortunate 
 event, for " Captain Mathews,'-' whome I have the pleasure 
 of informing you is my very generous and sincere friend, is 
 esteemed by every body to be the most warlike genius in India, 
 and the most enterprizing man that ever drew sword in this 
 part of the country." Since he took command of the Chicacole 
 battalion " he has not only conquered countries before un- 
 conquerable, but even with one battalion executed greater 
 undertakings than his predecessors durst attempt even w^ith 
 thrice his number of men and some companies of Europeans 
 besides . . . What a pleasure and satisfaction it is for a young 
 fellow like myself to be under a man so renowned for every 
 particular of the military art ! . . . Not long ago I was on 
 detachment amongst those hills so famous for their fatality 
 to European constitutions. I got a most severe fever and ague, 
 which had very near ended my life ; and though I have been 
 for six weeks under the doctor's hands, am not as yet perfectly 
 recovered. My friends perswade me to leave northern climes 
 and try those more healthy ones to the southward, but what 
 signifies my going to a place where, with the strictest o[e]conomy 
 I should find it difficult to live on my pay, and probably, from 
 the number of pleasures to be met with there, such as plays, 
 horseracing, cockfighting, in short almost all those expensive 
 amusements you have in England, might be drawn on to live 
 at greater expence than my income can afford ? I can live 
 here very genteelly on my means, and as I shall probabl}^ never 
 more visit England, will make every thing as agreable to myself 
 as possible. Nothing but an extraordinary gust of fortime can 
 ever procure a soldier one in these iron days, and to be dependant 
 at home will not agree with my constitution ; consequently I 
 shall never leave India . ." 
 
 [Holograph, 3 pp., Uo.] ' " J. Snelling." 
 
 *1) Two sons and a daughter were born later. 
 
 '-) Captain Richard Mathews, commanding in the Circars, took Jeypur in 
 1775. Vide also No. 19, p. 27, note 1. 
 
2C^ 
 
 [No. 268.] 
 Colonel Gilbert Ironside to Rob[er]t Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1776, January 14th, Calcutta. — I enclose some papers for 
 your perusal, and venture to offer the following observations 
 on them : — " What could induce the man to so envenomed an 
 attack without any provocation on my part, and to the branding 
 himself with the obloquy of an informer, except it were to 
 ingratiate himself, as many have lately attempted, with a 
 prevailing party, no one can devise ; for the trifling difference 
 we had about a command was merely a pretence, and could 
 never be the cause of so virulent a proceeding. Thus however 
 was it represented to the General,'^' and by him to the Board. 
 To every member of the Council the charges appeared, as they 
 really are, frivolous and insignificant ; and the Gentlemen 
 individually declared to me how willingly disposed they all were 
 to take a favourable part in it on my account. Unfortunately 
 at that juncture the contentions at the Board on the dismission 
 of their late Secretary Mr. Stuart*^' had produced great personal 
 animosities, and a debate ensued on the manner and form in 
 which my business was to be taken up. The Governour insisted, 
 as the matter was introduced by the General, on his making 
 the proposition ; and the General asserted that it ought to 
 proceed oflicially from the Governour. 
 
 " During the controversy Mr. Hastings sent me frequently 
 to assure the General of his acquiescence in any terms tending 
 to my justification, and General Clavering returned me as 
 often with the like assurances to Mr. Hastings : both of them 
 at the same time affirmed that they could repose no confidence 
 in each other, and that their only repugnance to make the first 
 advances proceeded from the diffidence each entertained that 
 some advantage might be taken to the prejudice of the 
 proposer ; — ^on one part because I had formerly acted as 
 Secretary to the Governour, and on the other because the 
 General since his arrival had particularly distinguished me, and 
 had taken Mr. Roberts, Mrs. Ironside's brother, as his Persian 
 Translator. The other Gentlemen, well inclined to serve me, 
 attended their deternunation. But with every suffrage in my 
 behalf, their nuitual jealousies and disagreements absolutely 
 prevented the effect of those favourable resolutions all of them 
 wished might be adopted, and produced tiie general orders 
 which arc annexed to my letters. The ultimate decision of 
 the matter itself is referred to the Court of Directors with a 
 favourable representation of it from the Council in their public 
 capacity, and, if I can believe themselves, a recommendation 
 of it in their private characters. Yet I confess I cannot but 
 deem myself, by the publication of these orders, very hardly 
 dealt with, not only from their exposing me to the reflexions 
 
 U) General Sii* John Clavoi'lnp. 
 
 (2) John Stewart, Secretary to the Govcrmueut of Bengal. 
 
203 [No. 268. 
 
 of the world, but as it must of course contribute to impair my 
 authority in the army. 
 
 " Sliould you regard it's consequence in the same point of 
 view, you will grant mc, I hope, your Icind assistance, whenever 
 the matter comes in agitation before the Court of Directors, 
 to obtain an alleviation, if not a reversal, of those orders and 
 of the censure they convey . . ." 
 
 " Gilbert Ironside," 
 
 [Holograph, 3| pp., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 269.] 
 Sir Edw[ar]d Hughes to Robert Palk, Esqr., at his house 
 
 in St. James's Place. 
 1776, January 15th, Bombay. — " I came here to dock and 
 rclitt, [as] well as assist, if I can, in the treaty making at Poonali. 
 This onh' serves to acknowledge the receipt of your favour per 
 Grenville, arrived the 10th of last month at Madras, and to 
 assure you of the welfare of your nephew, 'i' who grows a very 
 smart young man. He is perfectly well, and shall want no 
 one thing in my power. I will do myself the pleasure to write 
 you by the Dolphin more fully. You will have received many 
 letters from me in the course of last year, and which you shall 
 continue to do while [I am] abroad." 
 
 "Edwd Hughes." 
 [P.S.] — " My best respects wait on Mrs. Palk." 
 [Holograph, 1| j}-, 'ito. Wax seal with arms, defaced.] 
 
 [No. 270.] 
 Chocapah to the Honble, Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1776, February 2nd, Fort St. George.—" I hear that the 
 Government of England and the East India Company has gi\en 
 positive orders to Lord Pigot to take Tonjore and the countrys 
 belonging thereunto from the Nabob, and to put the same in 
 the King of Tonjore's possession, where the Company's troops 
 are to be placed, and the King to disburse the charges of the 
 troops. The Nabob at first seemed unwilling, and told the 
 Governour and Council to do herein as they think proper ; but 
 at last his Lordship and the Gentlemen in Council, I hear, are 
 determined . . . , and orders is sent to Trichinopolly for the 
 regiment there to be in readiness to march . . . 
 
 " Mr. Macpherson,*^' who came here as purser to Captain 
 
 <!' Richard Welland. Vide No. 259, p. 254, note 1. 
 
 (-' John Macpherson came to Madras at the age of 22 as purser of a ship which 
 was commanded by his uncle Alexander ^lacleod. He ingratiated himself with 
 Walajah, and was engaged to represent him in England. Macpherson approached 
 the Duke of Grafton on the Nawab's behalf, and obtained from the Du'ectors a 
 writership for himself. He entered the Madras civil service in 1770, but in 1776 he 
 was dismissed by Lord Pigot's Government for conduct prejudicial to the Company. 
 Returning to England, he entered Parliament, and in 1781 was appointed by Lord 
 North to be a member of the Supreme Council. On Hastings's resignation in 1785 
 Macpherson became provisional Governor-General, and he was created a baronet 
 in the following year. 
 
No. 270.] 
 
 264 
 
 Macl[e]od in 1767 . . made great interest with the Nabob, 
 promising to get some great men in his Majesty's Court in 
 England to his interest, as also that he will come out to India 
 as a covenanted servant to the Company. The said Mr. 
 Macpherson, I hear, when he came out as a Company's Writer 
 . . . contracted great friendship with the Nabob, and gives him 
 all the intelligence he possibly can of what passes amongst 
 the Gentlemen here . . . And since the present circumstances 
 commenced between his Lordship, &c., and the Nabob, he was 
 found frequent[ly] going [to] the Nabob in an unseasonable 
 hour, that is, at eleven or twelve at night . . . ; and |a] few 
 days ago he, together with Mr. Stuart*" that came from Bengali 
 to go from hence, went to the Nabob at about 12 at night. 
 This behavior of Mr. Macpherson coming to the knowledge of 
 the Governour and Council, they thought proper to suspend 
 him the Company's service . . . 
 
 " I hear that Mr. Sadleir,<-' Resident at Bandermulunka, 
 behaved very ill to the inhabitants and merchants there, 
 taking their vessels at freight against their will to load them with 
 his goods and merchandize, beating and ill treating several 
 people, taking bribes and extorting money from several people. 
 Some of them, I hear, complained of it to the Governour and 
 Council, upon which the Board was pleased to appoint Mr. 
 Holland, Mr. Perring and Mr. Davidson'-" as [a] conmiittce to 
 examine into this matter . . . They are now examining this 
 affair *at Masulipatam . . . 
 
 " Several gentlemen in the place, for want of a way of 
 remitting their fortune to England by bills, sends it in gold and 
 Star pagodas on every ship that goes from hence, which 
 impoverish[es] the place very much. 
 
 " I hear that the Malays has taken Ballumbungam, and our 
 Gentlemen who were there quitted the place and went to another 
 Malay island. The Company on this occasion, I hear, will 
 sustain a loss of about four hundred thousand pounds on that 
 island. I hear this is all owing to the bad proceeding of our 
 Gentlemen there . . . 
 
 " Chocapaii." 
 
 " P.S. — Since I wrote the above the Nabob has given written 
 orders in the hands of his Lordship, and directed to Najceb 
 Cawn, who is Killador**' of Tonjorc, to deli\cr up the place to 
 the English ; and orders has been sent to Colonel Harper*^' at 
 Trichinopolly to march with his regiment there and take 
 possession of Ton j ore the 9th of this month . . . And it is 
 further reported that Sir Robert Fletcher and another gentleman 
 
 (1* John Stowarl, Into Socrclary, BoiiKnl. Vide No. 256, p. 252, note 8. 
 
 (2) Antliony Sadlcir. Vide No. Oi». /'. S»6, note 2. 
 
 (■'> Poioi' Porring, Alexander Davidson and John IIolloiul wim'c Madras civil 
 sci'vanls of 175!), 1700 and 1701 respectively. 
 
 (*) KiJadflr, (he commander of a fortress ; from Pers. Icila, a fort, 
 
 (5) Triimpln-ey Harix-r, as Captain, comtnanded a sepoy battalion in 1770. He 
 was a Li'iil. Cnldncl in 1775, and in 1779 led a force into Uuntur in aid of Basalat 
 Jang against Uaidar Ali. 
 
265 [No. 270. 
 
 ■will soon set out from hence for Tonjorc, and restore to tlic 
 King- tlie eoinitrys belonginfr to liim in the name of the Enghsh 
 Company. Tlie restoration of the eountrys to tlie King of 
 Tonjore will be a lasting monument to the Enghsli nation, to 
 the Company and to his Lordship all over these parts, and the 
 ^larattys will rejoice greatly in the English nation's generosity, 
 and [it will] he a lasting fame to the nation. 
 
 ■• The 10th February, 1776." 
 
 [^lutugraph, 2\ pp., denitj.] 
 
 [No. 271.] , 
 Tiio[maJs Palk to Rob[er]t Palk, Es(|r. 
 
 1776, February 8th, Maz[ulipata]m. — Not ha\ing received 
 a single letter from you during the past two years, I fear that 
 you must be displeased with me. Were j'our silence due to the 
 reports of malicious persons, you would doubtless have given 
 me an opportunity of replying to their charges ; so that I know 
 not to what cause to attribute your displeasure. I owe nnicli 
 to vou, and I assure \'ou that mv conduct has alwavs been such 
 as you would approve. 
 
 I ha^•e been at this station nearly three years, but my position 
 does not yet enable me to dispense with the allowance you are 
 pleased to make me. I refer you to Mr. Whitehill'^', who has 
 resigned the Chiefship and is now going home, for information 
 regarding me. From him I have received many civilities. 
 
 " The Naboli is dispossessed of his newly acquired territory, 
 and our troops are marching to take possession — a severe stroke 
 on the Nabob, and he seems to be sensibly affected. India at 
 present is '\\\ a state of tranquility, and likely to continue so if 
 the French do not take it into their heads to disturb us . . ." 
 
 "Thos. Palk." 
 
 [Holograph, 3 pp., flscp.] 
 
 [No. 272.] 
 
 George Baker to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1776, BVbruary 10th, Fort St. George. — " The new Governor 
 seems to have been particularly attentive in showing his 
 predecessor every civility in his power during the two months 
 he has continued here since his supercession. Lord Pigot has 
 indeed taken the Fort House to himself, but the .Vdmiralty and 
 Garden House are occupyed in conmion by him and Mr. Wynch 
 together with both their l"amil\'s. The late Governor continues 
 to recei\ e all the honours usually paid to him in that capacity 
 equally with the present. He has the head of the table, does 
 and receives all the honours of it, and each ask their own friends 
 as they please. In fine, it appears to me that Lord Pigot is 
 willing to send home Mr. Wynch in as good humour as his 
 
 (1) John Whitehill. Vide No. lii, p. 2'J, note 2. 
 
No. 272.] 266 
 
 adopting contrary measures in respect of publick affairs will 
 admit of, well knowing, I should suppose, that a man of two 
 plumbs in England will be a more desireable friend or formidable 
 enemy in proportion as that sum exceeds a mere competency. 
 
 " The negotiation of the surrender of Tanjore to the 
 Company's troops has been carryed on between the Nabob and 
 Lord Pigot (on the part of the Board) with such secrecy that 
 I am utterly unable to say on what conditions or under what 
 restrictions, either in respect of the Rajah, the Nabob or the 
 Company, the new arrangements are to take place. Report 
 has it that the Nabob's garrison was to march out, and a 
 garrison of the Company's to march in, as yesterday the 9th 
 February . . " 
 
 The Ankenvyke, which is now ready to sail, carries Mr. Wynch 
 'and also Mr. Stuart'^', late Secretary, Bengal. Mr. and Mrs. 
 Vansittart arrived here yesterday in the Hillsborough on their 
 way to England. Mr. Thomas Palk has asked me to repay to 
 Mr. Wynch what the latter advanced to him in respect of your 
 allowance since receipt of your instructions to withhold the 
 allowance. I was obliged to reply that your orders must be 
 obeyed. This attitude was painful to me owing to my friendship 
 for Mr. Palk. When I met him in Madras in 1772 he seemed to 
 be financially embarrassed, and on the occasion of his visit to 
 Bengal I ad^"ised him to confide in his brother. Whether he 
 did so or not I cannot say, but I venture to suggest that one 
 more effort of benevolence on your part might set him on his 
 feet again. 
 
 After the death of Mr. Goodlad it was found that his bond 
 debts were about Pags. 25,000 and book debts Pags. 15,000. 
 Of the former, half has been paid, and the assets suffice to meet 
 the remaining half. James Johnson, now insolvent in Elngland, 
 owes Pags. 8,000, but the Nawab gave such engagement for that 
 sum as permitted Johnson to leave Madras. On the recovery 
 of the amount the book creditors will receive about half their 
 dues. 
 
 " liy the last accounts from Bombay we are gi^•en to under- 
 stand that Colonel Lupton'-' was arrived there, and that there 
 was then a prospect of a peace being concluded between the 
 English and the Maratahs on faAorable terms for the former. 
 Sir Edward Hughes with his Squadron is there, and will not 
 return hither till May next ..." 
 
 " George Baker." 
 
 " P.S. — That you might nt)t be too much puzled in making 
 out my scrawl I have made my amamiensis (who does not 
 imderstand a word of what is said) transcribe it." 
 
 [Autograph, Of pp., flscjJ.] 
 
 (1) John Stewart. Vide No. 266, p. 252, uoto 3. 
 f2) Colonel Upton. 
 
267 
 
 [No. 273.] 
 Mrs. Mary Turing'^' to Robert Palk, K.s(|[r. 
 
 1776, February 10th, Fort St. George. Received 17th 
 Feb., 1777. — I have askctl my son to wait on you with this letter. 
 Tliouph I ha\c' not received anv direct conmuuiieation from 
 Mrs. Palk. I ha\ e had news of her and your family from my 
 IViend Mrs. Casamaijor'-'. " My tw^o daughters' '* arrived here 
 in June. 1773, and in August following were both hap})ily 
 married, the eldest to Mr. John Turing, and the youngest to 
 Mr. Saunders. They both made nie a grandmother . . . My 
 eldest son, Taylor, is an officer in the Company's service, so 
 Bob'*' is now my only care. My wish is to get him appointed 
 a Writer in the ser\iec at Madras, for which I nuist solicit and 
 rely upon the interest of my friends. You have upon all 
 occasions shewn a regard for me and my family, which emboldens 
 me to re(jucst your assistance towards my son . . ." 
 
 " Mary Turing." 
 
 [Holograph, 2|- pj:>., Mo.] 
 
 [No. 274.] 
 J[oiin] M[axwell] Stone to Rob[er]t Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1776, February 12th, Fort St. George. — " You have already 
 been advised that Mr. De Fries had taken upon him the joint 
 management of vour affairs . . . 
 
 " The orders received by the GrenviUc regarding the Nabob 
 are exceedingly mortifying to him. They direct that the 
 country of Tanjore shall be restored to the Rajah, and have 
 severely censured this Government for having dispossessed 
 him. It might easily be shew'n where the blame ought to lie ; 
 but as a refutation of the arguments used by the Directors can 
 answer no good end either to [the] service or myself, I shall not 
 attempt it. I have frequently, my dear Sir, in my letters to 
 you shewed the dangers to be expected from the support the 
 Nabob received from home in opposition to this Government. 
 The eyes of people seem to be now open ; but they now proceed 
 from one extreme to the other, and have, I think, unhappily 
 missed that proper medium which alone could unite the 
 Company's and the Nabob's interest on a solid and permanent 
 footing. 
 
 " The Court of Directors have appointed a Connnittee of 
 Circuit, who are to make the tour of the Circars and Jaguecr'"'', 
 and report their present state and capacity for improvement. 
 The members of the Connnittee were appointed by the Directors, 
 
 (1) This lady, daughter of Captain John Dc Morgan, married first Tlioiuas 
 Taylor and secondly Surgeon Robert Turing. 
 
 (-) Rebecca Casamaijor. Vide No. 18, p. 22, note 1. 
 
 (3) Mary and Helen Turing married, respectively, John Turing and Edward 
 Saunders, both civil servants of 17()2. 
 
 (*> Robert Turing, jun., entered the Madras Army in 177S, rose to the rank of 
 Major, and died in 1801. 
 
 t5) The Company's Jaghire. Vide No. 118, p. 140, note 3. 
 
No. 274.] 268 
 
 and consist of Messrs. Dawson, Russell, Dalryniplc, Johnson 
 and Mackay. I am, I can assure you, exceedingly happy at 
 being left out of this disagreeable conniiission, for sueh 1 am 
 convinced it must prove if it be executed in the manner 
 intended ..." 
 
 " J. M. Stone." 
 [Holograph, 3 pp., 4^o.] 
 
 [No. 275.] 
 H.H. the Nawab Walajah to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1776, February 12th, Chepauk. — " The Gentlemen of the 
 Company have been induced by groundless reports, which 
 have never had any foundation from me or my family, and the 
 representation of people who attend only to their own interest, 
 to send orders by Lord Pigot in regard to the Tanjore affairs, 
 as you may have publickly heard. His Lordship has, since his 
 arrival, been an eye witness of the state of affairs, and is con- 
 vinced that the reports which prevailed in England were false. 
 He has therefore solemnly promised that he will make a just 
 representation to England. I have, however, agreed to take a 
 Company's garrison into Tanjore on the same terms as in 
 Trichinopoly and other forts to convince the Company of my 
 invariable friendship and dcpendance on them, which have 
 imiformly subsisted from the beginning. I am always obliged 
 to them. You'll be thoroughly informed of all matters by the 
 copies of my letters to the Gentlemen of the Company and to the 
 Governor and Council of Madrass, which I have sent to Colonel 
 Macleane. I expect candor and justice from the Gentlemen 
 of the Company in regard to the Tanjore country, which is 
 entirely my right. You are my old friend ; therefore I hope 
 you'll give me your assistance in protecting my rights that I may 
 always remain under obligations to you. 
 
 " What can I say more ? " 
 
 \1\ p.,/Z*q9. Wax seal on outer cover with Persian inscri}jtio}i.] 
 
 [No. 276.] 
 
 John D'Fries to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1776, February 12th, Madras.—" Mr. (Jeorge Yansittart is 
 here in his way to Old England on the Hillsborough. To him 
 I shall beg leave to refer you for all partieidars of India news, 
 con lining myself entirely to the subject of our Nabob, who, 
 poor man, has been greatly affected with the Company's orders 
 regarding Tanjore. Lord Pigot has belui\ed with a great deal 
 of management and indulgence towards the Nabob in the 
 execution of the orders, and he is himself perswaded of his 
 Lordship's favorable disposition towards him. The English 
 troops were to enter Tanjore the 9th instant : it is said a part 
 of the Nabob's people are to continue in the Fort. The Nabob 
 agrees to everything — an English garrison, the release of the 
 
269 [No. 27G. 
 
 Rajah, a proper maintenance to him, a handsome Jaghire for 
 the Company ; I daresay he will give up all the seaports, 
 Nagore, Trimelivashel ; — in short, he will do every thing to save 
 appearances, that the countrey be not wrested out of his hands, 
 which undoubtedly nuist make him look \'ery little in the eyes 
 of his own people as well as the other countrey powers. His 
 best friends have advised him to submit chearfully to the 
 Company's orders, and then remonstrate to Europe. It has 
 cost him a great deal to bring himself to this way of thinking, 
 which his good sense has at last determined him to. It has 
 certainly been a bitter cup to him, and he has found it out when 
 late that his new friends have been the principal cause of the 
 mortification which he now suffers. He has great confidence 
 in your friendship and of Mr. Vansittart's family, and tells me 
 he has wrote to you and sent copys of some papers which will 
 inform you of what past in this business. His request is so 
 reasonable now that I dare say you and his other friends will 
 afford him assistance in having him redressed. As it is not 
 sound policy that he should be lifted up too much, I don't 
 think it prudent neither that he should be too much lowered, 
 as it certainly is the case in this business. The Nabol) declares 
 that this business of the conquest of Tan j ore has cost him in 
 the two expeditions three millions of sterling, near three crores 
 of rupees ; and although he has had the revenues of the country 
 for two years, he has been obliged to maintain so considerable 
 a military force that it has, I think, taken off above one third 
 of it ; so that if the country is taken away from him entirely, 
 he must be a great looser by his bargain. 
 
 " The unlucky turn that the American business lias taken 
 has filled us with much serious reflection. We anxiously wait 
 to hear from England. God send that matters may have been 
 made up." 
 
 " John d'Fries." 
 
 [Holograph, 3 pjj., -ito.] 
 
 [Xo. 277.] 
 Geo[rge] Baker to Rob[er]t Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1776, February loth, Fort St. George. — " My last address to 
 you was under date the 10th instant per Anlienvike, on which 
 ship Governor Wynch imbarkcd this morning about eight 
 o'clocke. News having been received from Colonel Harper 
 that he with his detachment took possession of Tanjore the 
 9th instant, that ship carryes advices thereof. She lyes with 
 her topsails atrip ready to get under way the moment the wind 
 admits of it . . . 
 
 " The Committee of Circuit will soon set out on their business. 
 Mr. Whitehill,*^^ who was chief of Masulipatam, resigned soon 
 
 (1) John'Whitehill. Vide No, 19, p. 29, note 2, 
 
No. 277. J 270 
 
 after Lord Pisjot's arrival. The busy world sav he chose not 
 to stay till the new Committee eame their rounds." He and 
 Mr. John Sulivan'^' sail in a French ship, the ^Ija.r. from 
 Pondieherry. Crauford.'-' as senior, takes eharge temporarily 
 at Masulipatani. Stratton. Broi)ke, Dawson and Russell are 
 all said to be candidates for that Chiefship, but the last named 
 will probably be appointed. 
 
 " In Lin\l Pilot's intercourse with the Nabob he has somehow 
 procured IVom him a memorial from a Mr. Macjiherson'^' (wlio 
 is about six years' standing in the Company's civil service) to 
 the Nabob, representing his essential services and claiming a 
 consideration for them. This gentleman has been in great 
 conhdenee with his Highness, and report has it that his council 
 [sic] to him has been to disregard the Company and cultivate 
 a good understanding with [the] Ministry, which he 
 (Macpherson) made the N'abob believe he could greatly promote 
 by his connections in England. But the affair of Tanjore seems 
 to have opened his eyes. Macpherson's memorial was produced 
 to the Board by Lord Pigot, and he in consequence was 
 immediately dismissed the service and ordered to Europe. It 
 is said he has made twenty thousand pounds ..." 
 
 " Geo. Baker." 
 
 [Holograph, 4 pp„ flscp.] 
 
 [No. 27S.] 
 MuDoo KisTXA to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 177G, February lOth, Fort St. George. — " After long expecta- 
 tion Lord Pigot arrived on the 9th December last, came ashore 
 on the 10th. and succeeded to the Government ; which being 
 attended with the seasonable rains in the country this year, 
 proved very agreeable to the people. At present the Carnatick 
 enjoys a perfect peace and traiupiility. Ilyder Ally Cawn in 
 the Balagaut waged a war against Basalut Jung and other 
 country powers, and after he obliged them to pay him certain 
 sums of money, marched against Moraryraw and beseiged his 
 capital (iutty.^' It is thought that the matters will be 
 accDinodatcil between them. 
 
 " His Lonlsliip got our garrison placed in the Tanjore Fort, 
 and it is said that the King is set at lil)erty, and that the country 
 will be soon restored to him . . ." 
 
 " MUDOO KiSTNA." 
 
 [Autograph. 2 /)/)., Uo.] 
 
 n> Jolin Sulivan. Vide Xo. 10, />. i!i). noto 3. 
 (2> Quintin Craufoitl. Vide No. 204. ;>. 2U5, note 1. 
 l3) .Tohn Maophofson. Vide Xo. "JTO, u. 2l)3, note 2. 
 t*> Gooty (Guti), a to\vn iu the Anautapiu* District. 
 
271 
 
 [No. 279.] 
 A. Venkata to Roh[er]t Pat,k, Esqr. 
 
 177C, February 17th, Madrass.— The grant ol' ^' tlie villaoe 
 of Aniurampadoo de{)eii(laiit on |the) '' Seven Magauniinis," "> 
 Avliieli yon were jileased to make to nic, has been recognized 
 by yoiu' sneeessors, and the Charity eonneeted with the t(Mnj)le 
 is maintained. Mr. Stone has helped nie to overeome a dillienlty 
 witii the Durbar by set thug the rents ol" the village, and I hope 
 you will ask him and Mr. Strattoii to support me in the event 
 ol' any interference by th(T servants of the Nawab. 
 
 " Amerambadoo Venkaty," 
 
 " Dubash to Mrs. Palk." 
 
 [Holograph, 2 pp., 4to.] 
 
 [No. 280.] 
 J[onN] M[axwell] Stone to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 177C, February 21st, Fort St. George. — I advise the despatch 
 of a First of exchange by Mr. Arthur Owen,*-' who sails from 
 Pondicherry in the Aquilon. The Second will be conveyed by 
 Mr. John Sulivan'^' in the Ajax. 
 
 "J. M. Stone." 
 
 [Autograph, 1 p., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 281.] 
 George Baker to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 177G, February 23rd, Fort St. George.—" The Hillshoroug[h], 
 with Mr. and Mrs. Vansittart on board, was dispatched hence 
 for Europe the IGth instant, but on account of light or un- 
 favorable winds she did not get out of sight till the 20th . . . 
 This letter comes by Captain Pegou, late of the Huniingdon. 
 He with Mr. Whitehill and John Sulivan go passengers in the 
 old Ajax, now a French Indiaman. A Mrs. Draper'^' of Bombay 
 (who is a niece of Mr. Whitehill's) accompanyes them. They all 
 set out for Pondicherry to-morrow . . . 
 
 " We have now a garrison in Tanjour. The King is said to 
 
 (1) The " Seven Magans " <if Tiipassore, from Tain, magdnant, a small revt-nue 
 area of aliout six villages. 
 
 (2) In 1778 " Mr. Arthur Owon," Aide-de-camp to Sir Eyre Coote, was granted 
 liy the Directors a brevet lieut.-culonelcy on the Bengal estallii^s^lllH■nf . He came 
 (o India with Coote at the end of that year, accompanied liirn (o Madias in 1780, 
 and commanded a brigade at the second battle of Polilur. Owen was with Coote 
 at the time of the General's death in 178.'3. 
 
 (3) Vide No. 19, p. 29, note 3. 
 
 (4) Ehza Draper, born at Anjengo in 1744, was the daughler of May Sclater, 
 who had married a sister of John Whitehill. Eliza became the wife of Daniel 
 Draper of the Boml)ay civil service. When on a visit to England in 17()0, she met 
 Laurence Sterne, with whom she corresponded. She returned to India in 1767, 
 and about 1773 eloped from Bombay in a ship conmuinded by Sir John Clarke. 
 Mrs. Draper went first to her uncle Thomas Whitehill, of the Bombay service, and 
 afterwards to hia l»rother John at Masulipatam. She accompanied tlie latter in 
 X77b to England, where she died two yeais later, 
 
No. 281.] 272 
 
 be at large ; but what the terms are on which the Nabob made 
 the surrender, or on which the King has been restored, I am 
 utterly ignorant. The transactions of the Board are kept 
 abimdantly more secret than they were in the former reign. 
 The Board has struck off all the half batta from the garrisons 
 which had that emolument heretofore, save only that of the 
 commanding officer. You will readyly suppose this will not 
 be considered as a popular act by the army." 
 
 Crauford is now in charge at Masulipatam, but the appoint- 
 ment of Chief will probably go ultimately to Russell, though tl.e 
 latter is at present one of the Committee of Circuit. 
 
 [Holograph, 4 pp., flscp.] " George Baker." 
 
 [No. 282.] 
 Rich[ar]d Goodlad'i' to Rob[er]t Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1776, March 16th, Dinagepoor. — Both my brothers have had 
 the privilege of corresponding with you. I now follow their 
 example, and hope you will forgive me for not having done so 
 earlier. I am Persian Translator to the Revenue Council at 
 this place, where I have been for two years. My brother 
 Anthony is well. 
 
 [Holograph, 3 pp., 4to.] " R. Goodlad." 
 
 [No. 283.] 
 Robert Palk, jun., to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1776, March 21st, Calcutta. Received 28th October.—" I 
 received your favor of the 9th April. It had been so well 
 ducked in the salt water that it was with great difficulty I could 
 make it out. The packet was dispatched from Madras on a 
 country vessel which was lost near Annoar'-' together with the 
 greatest part of her cargo . . . 
 
 " Tom, I believe, can give the best account of himself. He 
 has lately taken me in to pay a debt of 2,000 Rs. for him to 
 Mr. Whynch, money it seems he borrowed of Mr. W. on the 
 footing of an allowance from you, which he was called on to 
 repay ; and rather than plead inability, he chose to draw the 
 money from me by representing that he had incurred several 
 small debts to that amoimt at Madras for necessarys which he 
 could not do without, &c. I paid the money, but T must confess, 
 had I known the real state of the case, I should ha\"e told him 
 that Mr. Whynch was better able to wait his time of payment 
 than myself. I am informed that Mr. Russell is appointed to 
 Masulipatam. In that case I will request he will take Mr. 
 Thomas under his protection and employ his time well. I 
 beliexe Whitehill and Sulivan were as well please[d] to let him 
 live in idleness. 
 
 (1) Richard Goixllad, hrotlKf of William Martin Goodlad and Anthony Goodlad. 
 
 (2) Ennure, 12 miles north of Madias, 
 
273 [No. 283. 
 
 " I am writing witli aching bones. Harry and I got overset 
 in a ditch last night returning from town in the midst of a 
 violent storm . . ." 
 
 " Robert Palk." 
 
 [Holograph, 3 pp., 4to.] 
 
 [No. 284.] 
 Sir Edw[ar]d Hughes to Rob[er]t Palk, Esqr. 
 
 177G, March 22nd, Bombay. — I received your letter of the 
 11th April by the ship Grenville, which brought Lord Pigot to 
 Madras, and am surprised you had had no letters from me. 
 '• Though I sailed from Madras four days before the arrival of the 
 Supreme Council and Judges, I waited in the mouth of the river 
 and never sett my foot on shore till I did so with them at 
 Calcutta. They were well pleased with us, and have continued 
 so ; I wish I could say as much among themselves. Indeed I 
 have had that good fortune at all the Company's Settlements, 
 making their welfare my great object. 
 
 " The climate agrees perfectly with me. I go early to bed, 
 rise the same, and very seldom chevaux [sic\. I am told Lord 
 Pigot brings regulations respecting Tan jour, but am afraid not 
 very pleasing to the poor Nabob, who certainly merits every 
 attention from the English, being in my opinion their most 
 sincere friend in this country. Nor has Colonel Upton been 
 able to procure one article for him in his late negociation with 
 the Mharattas. You will hear much said of this Treaty ; that 
 Ragobah has been able to get little security and no share in 
 the government : in short,, the Presidency of Bombay made a 
 treaty with him to support his attempt, which that of Fort 
 William disapproved and sent a deputy to make peace, which 
 was concluded and signed at Poonah the 1st of this instant. 
 What they look upon [as] the view and intention of the Court 
 of Directors [is] that, if Salsette and Bassein could not be acquired 
 by treaty, it should not be by force. Yet the presence of the 
 squadron has had its use at this juncture. Docked and refitted, 
 I shall return next month to Madras. 
 
 " Here I must tell you your nephew'^) is perfectly well, a fine 
 lad and will make a very clever man in our profession. He 
 wants for nothing ; has just paid me a week's visit on shore. 
 The demands of so very few ships are so trifling I cannot serve 
 you as you desire, or be assured I would do it. I hear Mr. 
 Vansittart and family are gone home : he was very busy when 
 
 I was in Bengal ..." 
 
 " Edwd. Hughes." 
 
 [Holograph, 4 pp., Uo.] 
 
 (1) Richard Welland. Vide No, 259, p. 254, note 1. 
 
274 
 
 [No. 285.] 
 
 H[enry] Vansittart, jun., to Robert Palk, Esqr., Park Place, 
 
 London. 
 
 1776, March 30th, Calcutta.— I have received your letter of 
 the 4th April, and beg to assure you that, notwithstanding my 
 former ill-chosen words, I am very sensible of your goodness 
 to me. I now renew my request that you will be so kind 
 as to undertake the management of my affairs in England. 
 " I shall be obliged if you will present my duty to Mrs. Palk, 
 and love to Nancy, Lawrence, Kitty and the unknown.*^' 
 Your dutiful nephew, 
 
 " H. Vansittart." 
 
 [Holograph, If p.. Mo. Wax seal with arms.] 
 
 [No. 286.] 
 Dan[ie]l Corneille^2) to Rob[er]t Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1776, June 11th, St. Helena.— Your letter of the 27th 
 February has reached me, and its enclosures for Messrs. Wynch 
 and Vansittart have been delivered. " I have been made happy 
 in the acquaintance of the only part of the Vansittart family 
 l)efore unknown to me, as they have been in my house during 
 their stay upon this island. The good example you have set 
 me of four little ones I am endeavouring to follow. My present 
 family consist of two boys and one girl, besides one upon the 
 stocks that will make his or her appearance in three months ; 
 after which, having followed your example, I aspire to no further 
 wish of greater perfection . . ." 
 
 " Danl. Corneille." 
 
 [Holography 2 pp., 4to.] 
 
 [No. 287.] 
 H.H. the Nawab Walajah to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1776, June 20th, Chepauk.— " His Highness the Nabob 
 Wallaujau, Ummeer ul Hindh, Omdaht ul Mulk, Ausuph ud 
 Doulah, Anweer ud Deen Cawn Bahauder, Zuphur Jung, Sepah 
 Salaur, Subahdar of the Carnatick, to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 " I have received your friendly letter of the 17th November 
 last. It arrived at a time I was under great imeasiness of mind, 
 and gave me great comfort, I am nnich obliged to you for 
 your promises to assist Colonel Macleane'^' in my affairs. I 
 have already acquainted you with the arrival of Lord l^igot 
 and his bringing the Company's order in regard to Tanjorc. 
 Though the Fort was provided with all kinds of military stores, 
 
 (1) Emeliiv Palk, Ijorn 1771. 
 
 (2) Daniel Corneille was Lieut. Guvernor of St. Ilclcn.i. He became Oovernor 
 of the Island in 1782. - 
 
 (:^> Culone] Lauflilun Mailcatie Vide No. 1()9, //. ISil, m.te 2. 
 
275 [No. 287. 
 
 I put it into his Lordship's hands without any difficulty, and 
 gave no opposition to my friends the Company, but submitted 
 to them the state of affairs here. Every gentleman here 
 evidently perceives that it is his Lordship's intention to distress 
 and disgrace me, and he has seized every opportunity of injuring 
 my affairs and of hurting my honor and authority ; and though 
 I am the firmest ally to his Majesty, the Company and the 
 nation that they have in this country, his Lordship has reduced 
 me to a situation not to be described. The Gentlemen here as 
 well as at Bengal have much disapproved of his Lordship's 
 conduct. I place great dependance upon your assistance, as 
 you are my old friend, and were you here now you would protect 
 my honor from his Lordship's insults ; and I now hope that 
 you will explain these matters to your friends, and take measures 
 for giving me redress. As the ship in which this goes sails 
 immediately, I can not now write at length, but I have desired 
 that Colonel Macleane will acquaint you fully with Lord Pigot's 
 behaviour. Mr. Salmon, who will (leliver this letter, has been 
 an eye witness to his Lordship's proceedings. Sir Edward 
 Hughes has acquainted me with what you wrote to him about 
 mv affairs, and I am much obhoed to vou for it. 
 
 " What can I say more ? " 
 
 " P.S, — The reason of his Lordship's great displeasure towards 
 me is this : — The order which he brought here in regard to 
 Tanjore, to answer private views of his own, was prejudicial to 
 the Company and the publick business ; and though I made no 
 opposition to it, and wanted only to explain the true state of 
 my affairs and my rights, and the prejudice that would attend 
 my business, his Lordship endeavoured to shut up my mouth, 
 as he thought that my representations would prevent him from 
 pursueing his private interest ; but I have laid a true state of 
 affairs before his Lordship, and before the Company also. 
 What he now constantly does is with a view of destroying my 
 honor and my rights." 
 
 [3| pp., f hep. Endorsed " Nabob, 20th June, 1776. Received 
 22nd .Tune, 1777." The outer cover, which is addressed to " Robert 
 Palk, Esq., Rruton Street," is marked "Duplicate of letter 
 of the 20th .Tune," and is endorsed " Detained till 9th June, 
 having been enclosed in a packet directed to Colonel Macleane 
 (by the Grenville). L.M." The cover bears a ivax seal inscribed 
 in Persian character tvith the titles of the Nazvab nearly as set 
 forth at the head of his letter. The ori<^inal letter appears to have 
 been received on the 3rd February, 1777.] 
 
 • [No. 288.] 
 
 .John d'Fries to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1770, June 20th, Madras. Heeeived otli TY'l)ruary, 1777.— 
 " I have received yoiu- favor of the 15th Decern l)er, and waited 
 on the Nabob myself with your letter, who seemed very happy 
 at your expressions of frieudsiiip, and puts great relyance in 
 
No. 288.] 276 
 
 your assistance. He has of late been in a very disagreable, 
 nay distressful! situation. The part Lord Pigot had to act of 
 delivering up Tanjore naturally occasioned a distance between 
 them. Two months after his Lordship's arrival the Nabob 
 consented to deliver up Tanjore Fort to an English garrison : 
 he could not be prevailed upon to go further. Lord Pigot, 
 after trying in vain for near two months more to perswadc the 
 Nabob to surrender the countrey to the Rajah, he went down 
 himself, being vested by the Council with the powers of a 
 deputation for reinstating the Rajah, and he was declared 
 Commander in Chief of all the garrisons he went through. 
 Messrs, Dalrymple'^' and Jourdan'-' accompanyed his Lordship, 
 but they were simple companions, the former doing all his 
 business. The Rajah was accordingly reinstated on the 11th 
 of April. The Nabob had assigned the revenues of Tanjore 
 proceeding from the February crop of grain to Europeans and 
 others to the amount of, as it is currently reported, fifteen 
 or sixteen lacks of pagodas. Mr. Benfield had the largest 
 Tanakaw ; Mr. Monckton, George Smith, Adams, De Souza 
 and others had also. The grain was a great part cutt and 
 received by the Tanakawholders. However, it did not signifie : 
 the Rajah's people, supported by our troops, possessed 
 themselves of it. Since Lord Pigot's return there has been some 
 division in Council, and the Majority was that the Tanakaws 
 should be paid. The Nabob having applyed to Sir Edward 
 Hughes for his protection, alledging that he apprehended 
 violence from Lord Pigot, has prevented his Lordship from 
 going to him of late. The Supreme Council has also wrote to 
 the (iovernor and Council here, disapproving Lord Pigot's 
 sending for the Dabir*-^' away by a military force from the 
 Nabob's territorys. He was manager for the Rajah, and since 
 for the Nabob, of the Tanjore countr}^ and he was ordered 
 away to Alianore just before liOrd Pigot got to Tanjore. 
 
 " These disagreements render the Settlement unhappy, and 
 affects credit very much, and I am afraid the breach between 
 Lord Pigot and the Nabob is so wide that it will hardly be closed. 
 I apprehend things were pushed rather too far. The Tanakaws 
 was a matter of such general concern to the Settlement that it 
 interests almost every body, and has occasioned nuich uneasiness. 
 Such is our situation at present, and no doubt \ery different 
 things will be wrote by the different partys. The Nal)ob's 
 character will on the one side be made out as a dissi})atiiig 
 intriguing man aiming fast towards independence : and his 
 own partizans will represent him as ill treated and oppressed 
 grandure. It is very certain that the Nabob is so very different 
 a eiiaracter now, both in his political as well as personal 
 capacity, to what he was 14 years ago that the method of 
 
 (1) Alpxcander Dalrymple. Vide No. 263, p. 257, note 2. 
 ('-) Fi'iinci.s Jourdan. Vide Xn. '.i'.i, p. 51, note 1. 
 (3^ J^Abir, Pcid., secretary. 
 
277 [No. 288. 
 
 treating him tlien can't be any ways prf)por at present. A 
 vicforons Administration can easily contain the Nabob within 
 the ])roper bounds, at tlic same time that he should not be 
 lowered too much in the eyes of the publiek, particularly the 
 natixes. It is certain that he has not the least notion of order, 
 reffularitv or oeconomv in his finances, and if our (iovxrnment 
 could settle the revemies and expenees of the Nabob on a 
 proper reasonable footing, it will be the greatest service they 
 could render the publiek as well as the Nabob. It will be a[n] 
 arduous as well as a very delicate undertaking : however, in 
 my humble opinion better worth attempting than many things 
 else which causes ill blood and no real advantage. Your 
 assisting the Nabob in this time of perturbation to him will be 
 very acceptable . . . 
 
 " A peace was concluded with the Morattas the 1st of May." <^* 
 
 " John d'Fries." 
 
 [Holograph, 4 pp., Mo.] 
 
 [No. 289.] 
 
 Chocapah to the Honble. Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1776, June 27th, Fort St. George. — " Since mine of the 2nd 
 February last . . . Lord Pigot, Mr. Dalrymple, Mr. Jourdan, 
 Captains Wood'-' and Thomson and one or two officers and 
 doctors, with a battalion of seapoys and fifty European cavalry, 
 and Moodu Kistnah, &c., set out from hence the 28th of March 
 to Tonjore. And also his Lordship desired Chippermall Chitty, 
 Sunca Rama Chitty and me from this place, and Irshepah Chitty 
 and Sree Salupudy from Cuddalore to accompany him. We 
 did accordingly, and we all, in company with his Lordship, 
 arrived at Tonjore the 8th April, and the ceremony at the time 
 of the restoration of the Rajah is wrote in a seperate paper and 
 enclosed herein. And by what I heard and saw, the poor Rajah 
 has been treated very ill by the Nabob's people taking every 
 thing from him, and left him in a small place in his palace, and 
 he had only one turband and no coat to put on, or any kind 
 of iewells or anv household furniture. Thev hardlv left the 
 copper potts and things commonly used in their necessary 
 affairs, and also took away every kind of Jewells from the 
 Rajah's women, and left them with black beeds on their necks, 
 and with very few clouts and very poor allowance daily given 
 them. He could hardly maintain his family and attendants. 
 Several of his relations and people were kept close prisoners, 
 and they were released after his Lordship's arrival there ; 
 but most of the people thanked the Nabob for keeping the King 
 so long with hfe. That he would not have done if it were not 
 
 (1) An error for 1st March, Cf. No. 284, p. 273. 
 
 f2) Captain Robert Wood, Town Major of Fort St. George. 
 
No. 289.] 278 
 
 for his promise, when that place was taken by our forces, to 
 the Governor and Council and General Smith. All which ga\e 
 much concern to his Lordship and the rest of the gentlemen to 
 see the Rajah in such miserable condition as the Nabob's 
 people treated him, and his Lordship was so gracious as to buy 
 a pullenkeen, a horse and a dagger, and presented them to the 
 Rajah, and afterwards remained at Ton j ore about 18 days . . . 
 
 " Comaroo, who was dubash to Mr. Hay<^' at Trichinopoly, 
 and after Mr, Hay went home he served Mr. Benfield and acted 
 in the saucar business ; and I hear that he played several 
 tricks with the Rajah and hurted the kingdom in several 
 respects before the place was taken . . . And now he went, 
 with his Lordship's leave, to Tonjore with us, and as soon as 
 he got there, that very same night he went to the Rajah in 
 the middle of the night and told him ... as soon as lie get 
 the country to let him haxe the management, and that he will 
 advance what money he wants . . . His Lordship was informed 
 of it, and sent for the said Comaroo . . . and ordered him to 
 receive 10 or twelve lashes, and told him to go about his 
 business . . . 
 
 " I, in company with Chippermall Chitty and Irshcpah 
 Chitty . . . went to see Trichinopoly, Seerangam and Jcmboo 
 Kistnah, where I heard by the English gentlemen there that 
 the Maravars of Ramanadapurum and Shivagunga are prisoners 
 there, with very poor allowances given to them by the Nabob's 
 people ..." 
 
 The Nawab received private intelligence last September of 
 the Company's intention to restore Tanjore. " Therefore he 
 collected most of the revenues produced in that country as fast 
 as he could, and afterwards gave Tanaca or draft to Mr, Benfield, 
 Mr. Monckton and several other English gentlemen for a 
 considerable sum, upwards of twenty lacks of pagodas , . , 
 After the country was put under the Rajah's management , . , 
 these gentlemen that lent the above sums to the Nabob repre- 
 sented their case to the Board and demanded Tanaca from the 
 Rajah, for which the Governor and Council met in council 
 several times, and have not brought it to a conclusion yet. 
 But once seven Gentlemen in Council were of one side, and Lord 
 Pigot, Mr. Dawson, Mr, Russell, Mr. Dalrvmple and Mr. Stone 
 on another side, that is seven against five. The Majority gave 
 their opinion that the Tonjore Rajah must discharge all the 
 Tanaca that was granted by the Nabob, and Lord Pigot and 
 J'(jur Gentlemen in Council on the other side ga\c their opinion 
 that the Rajah or the country of Tonjore had no thing to do 
 with the Nabob's Tanaca, but the Nabob nuist be accountable 
 for it . . . The Nabob may discharge the above Tanacas if he 
 pleases, but he will not do it l)efore the Comi)any send out 
 positive orders to him to do so. The Nabob's intention is to 
 ruin the Rajah again, though the country was delivered up to 
 
 (1) James Hay, Vide No, 230, p. 235, note 2. 
 
279 [No. 289. 
 
 liim . . , hut the poor Rajah has no other aid ami assistance, 
 but intirely depends on your honour's and the Company's 
 protection. 
 
 " Mr. Dawson resigned the service . . . Mr. Monckton has 
 married liOrd Pigot's eldest daughter*^* March last. Lord 
 Pigot carrys on his government with nmch civility . . . There 
 was a peace concluded between our Government of Bombay 
 and the great Marattas, and every thing settled in our favour . ." 
 
 " Chocapah." 
 
 [Autograph original, 3| pp., f hep., and duplicate, 4 pp., Uo.] 
 
 [Enclosure]. " Tonjore, 11th April, 1776. 
 
 " It is the Right Honourable Lord Pigot's orders that the 
 following Proclamation, this day made publick on the restoration 
 of the Rajah to the Musnud, be read at the head of each corps 
 and explained the seapovs of the different battalions at 7 
 o'clock." 
 
 " By Order. (Signed) Robert Wood, Aid de Camp." 
 
 [Proclamation.] 
 
 " The Right Honourable Lord Pigot, President of the Council 
 for affairs of the East India Company on the Coast of 
 Choromandal, and Governor of Fort St. George, &c., to all whom 
 it may concern. 
 
 " Whereas a Treaty Avas concluded in 1762 betAveen the 
 Nabob of the Carnatick and the Rajah of Tonjore, to which 
 Treaty the English became guarantee, and whereas, in direct 
 violation of the above Treaty, the troops of the P2ast India 
 Company, at the instigation of the said Nabob, did remove the 
 Rajah from his government : the East India Company, dis- 
 approving the conduct of their servants, have thought proper 
 to require that the Rajah be again restored. And in virtue of 
 the orders of the said Company all officers, civil and military, 
 and all persons under the protection of the said Company are 
 hereby required to consider the Rajah of Tonjore as again 
 restored to the government of his country in the full extent 
 of that government as at the conclusion of the Treaty in 1762, 
 and to give him all proper aid and assistance. Dated in 
 Tonjore the 11th day of April, 1776." 
 
 "(Signed) Pigot." 
 
 " The Rajah made his appearance a quarter before three in 
 the afternoon. On his appearance on the parade he was 
 saluted with 21 gims, and then was carried round the capital 
 streets accompanyed by the troop of cavalry, the (irandicr 
 Company [of] Pjuropeans, the Artillary two guns, and six com- 
 panys of Grandier Seapoys, His Lordship, &c. On the Rajah's 
 return he went round the square, [and] was saluted by all the 
 -officers as he went round. On his going in[to the] Palace a 
 second [salute] and three volleys of small arms by [the] whole 
 
 (1) Sophia Pigot. 
 
No. 289.] 280 
 
 [of the] troops. And at 8 o'clock at night the Rajah, in 
 company with his Lordship, Messrs. Dalrymple, Jourdan, 
 Benfield and Chambers,*^' Colonel Harper,'-' Captains Wood 
 and Thomson set at the Cuchery'^' and read the above pro- 
 clamation in jNIaratty language in the presence of all the 
 Madrass Merchants and the people of that place ; and then all 
 the Madrass Merchants went with his Lordship, named Moodu 
 Kistnah, Chippermall Chitty, Chocapah Chitty, Sunca Ramy 
 Chitty, Arnachella Chitty, Gandavady Suby Chitty, Bugavan 
 Puntuloo and Ballumoodu Chitty ; and Sree Salupuddy and 
 Irshepah Chitty of [the] Cuddah^re Merchants — they all paid 
 their respects to the Rajah with the usual Xuzar**' of few 
 pagodas and few gold mohurs, and received beetlenut and 
 roes water [sic] as customar3\ Thus ended the ceromoney." 
 [2 pjj.i Mo.] 
 
 [No. 290.] 
 Edmund Veale Lane to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1776, July 11th, Tannah.— " You will, long ere this reaches 
 you, have the news and particulars of the dishonorable and 
 wretched Treaty*^* concluded by the Supreme Council's Plenipo 
 with the Ministerial Party of the Marrattahs, by which we have 
 violated the national honor and made our faith justly doubted 
 by every Prince in India ; and, what is more immediately felt 
 by the Company, all our acquisitions . . are given up. Out 
 of the whole there is only reserved about Broach a territory of 
 three lacks annually, and the islands of Salsette and Caranjar.'^' 
 There surely was never ought so fatal to this Settlement, for 
 besides the great loss in returning a rich tract of country, we 
 are at this time forced to be nearly at the same expense as we 
 were when there was war, for the wretches with whom this 
 notable treaty was made neither seem to be inclined, or appear 
 to be able, to fullfill their engagements, none of their officers 
 scarce obeying their orders. 
 
 " As they are disunited among themselves, and attacked 
 from without by Hyder All\-, and likewise have, in many parts 
 of the dominions they have left, a number of ci\il broils to engage 
 their attention, therefore it is quite a doubt if the peace will 
 last, or even those who made it will be there to answer for it, 
 as lately one of the Peshwah family, who for a long while 
 managed the Morattah government under Nannah/^* by name 
 
 (1' Williaiu Chambers. Vide No. 2fj3, p. 258, note 3. 
 
 (2) Lt.-Col. Iluiuphrey Harper, Madras Infantry. Vide No. 270, }i. 2G4, note 5. 
 
 (■^) Cuchery, nilrherry, from Hind, karhahri, office of administration, court-house. 
 
 (4) Nuzar, from IVrs. nazar, a complimentary present. 
 
 (5) The Treaty of Furandhar. 
 
 (•" Karanja, on tlie east side of Boml)ay harbour. 
 
 (7) Nannah, Nana, tlie appellation of the Peshwa, the cliief minister of the Raja, 
 and the virtual ruler. The office of Peshwa was held, at the time referred to, by 
 J^alaji Haji Kao ( I 7 10— 1701). 
 
281 [No. 290. 
 
 Sudabali,'^' who, having lost a battle in HiiidostaTi about the 
 year 1751) against the Abdalhihs,*-' and being wounded and 
 taken, underwent a severe and long captivity ; but at last 
 gaining his liberty, returned to Foonah nine years ago, where 
 by the means of the jieople now at tlie iiead ol" alTairs at that 
 Durbar, he was treated as an ini])ostor, loaded with irons and 
 eonhncd in a fort. But the confusion caused by the intestine 
 disj)utes of the Marrattahs has at last given an opportunity to 
 Su(hd)airs i'riends to effect his release, and he is now at the head 
 of between 15 and 20 thousand men. He pretends to be an 
 enemy to none, but only a well wisher to the Peshwah family, 
 of which he is one. It is, however, believed he is not \'ery sincere 
 in the former, and that he will get the better of the Ministry, 
 which should he do, as Ragonath Row and him were always 
 the best of friends, it is generally thought the latter (who is 
 now left destitute on a trifling allowance from the Company) 
 will get a share in the government, if the child, *'^* as the 
 Ministerial Party pretend, be really the late Prince's ; and on 
 the contrary, if an impostor, it is impossible to say how it will 
 go, for the throne of so large an empire is too great a temptation 
 to be lightly given up. Time therefore can only determine it. 
 
 " However, at any rate the Company are great sufferers by 
 the pacifick inclinations of the Supreme [Government], for 
 though there is a peace concluded, we in no shape benefit by 
 it, but, as I before observed, labour under every disadvantage 
 of a war, though without the advantage of it . . ." 
 
 [Holograph, 7 pjj., Uo.] " Edmund Veale Lane. 
 
 \Enclosure]. Letter, dated 1th June, from Mr. Griffith, 
 Attorney for Mr. Boddam, to E. V. Lane about remitting to 
 England the amount of Lane's debt to Robert Palk. 
 
 [No. 291.] 
 Lieut. J. Snelling to Roe[er]t Palk, Esqr., near Exeter. 
 
 1776, July 13th, Chicacole. — I beg to be favoured with letters 
 of recommendation to influential persons at Madras, such as 
 Mr. Jourdan and Mr. Claud Russell, in view to my being 
 appointed to a regiment as Quartermaster or Adjutant, or to 
 the command of an outpost. Lieutenants are now in a worse 
 position than Ensigns were formerly, owing to the withdrawal 
 of half-batta. 
 
 [Holograph, 3 pp., Uo.] " J. Snelling." 
 
 (1) Sudasheo Chimnaji, known as Sudal)a, a famous chief and a cousin of Ragliol)a, 
 was second in command of the Mai-athas at the battle of i'aaijjal in 17(U, when he 
 was reported missing. The man calling himself Sudalia who aiipearcd (luce years 
 later was an impostor. After long imprisonment this pei-son esca)>iMl in Apr-il, 
 177(5, gained credence of a large following, collected an army, secured |io.s.session of 
 the Konkan, and was countenanced hy the Government of Bombay. In Octolier 
 he was rout.ed, and yielded himself to Raglioji Angria. Tlie latter delivcicd him to 
 the ministers at Poona, who put him to dcatli. 
 
 (2) The Abdalis were Afghans, who fought under Ahmad Shah Abdali at the 
 battle of Panipat. 
 
 (•^) The alleged posthumous son of the murdered Peshwa Narayan Rao. 
 
 ?5 
 
282 
 
 [No. 292.] 
 Lieut. John Yarde'^' to [Robert Palk, Esqr.]. 
 
 1776, August 16th, Barhampore. — All military appointments 
 are now in the hands of the General, who is unfavourable to 
 officers recommended to Mr. Hastings. I am now nearing 
 promotion to Captain, " Nothing material has happened since 
 I wrote you last, but we are in hopes, if things take a change, 
 that Avc shall have a Maharatta war, which will make the army 
 all alive again . . ." 
 
 [Holograph, 3 pp., Uo.\ " John Yarde." 
 
 [No. 293.] 
 Georgi: Baker to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1776, August 30th, Fort St. George. — " I heard from Mr. 
 Palk at Bengali under date the third instant . . . Colonel 
 Monson was very ill. The Vizier's troops haveing mutinied 
 for want of pay, and some of our officers haveing been lent him 
 for the discipline of those troops, it is said some five or six of 
 them suffered on the occasion. After some time had elapsed . . 
 two battalions of our seapoys had a warm skirmish, or rather a 
 pitched action, with eight or ten battalions of the Vizier's, in 
 which the latter were worsted and suffered a good deal. The 
 conmianding officer of our troops has been called down to 
 Calcutta to account either for fighting against orders or without 
 them . . . This must not alarm Mr. Kennaway for his sons : 
 I have heard from them both since this happened. 
 
 " The Supreme Council have concluded a Treaty with the 
 Ministerial Party at Poonah, by which Raganout Row is 
 ])recluded from any share of the government, but allowed a 
 jaghire for his support, though he himself does not accede to 
 the terms. Since this treaty was concluded another chief,'"' 
 who was supposed to be dead, has made his appearance. He is 
 a man banished by a former faction, but now generally acknow- 
 ledged as the next heir to the Poonah government. Those are 
 the accounts from the other coast of about the lieginning of 
 this month, by which we are also told that Mr. Hornby'-^' was 
 then about dispatching a small packet (by the southern passage) 
 to Suez for Europe. By this channel letters of the middle of 
 May last arrived at Bombay on or about the 1st instant from 
 England for Mr. Hastings, and were inunediatcly forwarded from 
 thence to Bengali, where they are probably ere now arrived . . . 
 
 " At our Presidency for the last few months there has been 
 much to do. . . Lord Pigot arrived here on the ninth of last 
 December to the, in appearance, very great satisfaction of the 
 Settlement, and certainly to the real satisfaction of a very great 
 majority of it. By pacifick though firm and determined 
 
 (1) John Yarde. Vide No. 54, p. 80, note 2. 
 ^2) Sudaba. Cf. No. 290, p. 281, note 1. 
 (3) William Hornby, Governor of Bombay. 
 
283 [No. 293. 
 
 measures he got the Nabob to vvitlnlraw his garrison from 
 Tanjorc, and to consent to the CompaiiN's placeing one there 
 tliemselves. This was done in hist February. The remaining 
 part of that month and all March was spent in prevailing on 
 the Nai)ob to give the country up to the Rajah . . . About 
 the end of Mareli or the begiiming of April T.ord Pigot was 
 dejMited b}- the Hoard, and set out henee to execute the Com- 
 pan\'s orders as to the restoration of the liajah to his throne 
 and kingdom, and which was, I think, done on or about the 
 !)th of April. Dalrymple and Jourdan accompanyed him, 
 but were not of the deputation. The business effected, his 
 Lordship returned here about the end of April or the beginning 
 of May, and . . . made his report to the Board. This . . . was 
 received without any invidious remarks or publiek dis- 
 approbation, but . . , soon after the cloud began to gather. 
 
 '' A black man of this place, whose name is Comerah, and 
 who was dubash to Mr. Hay while Paymaster at Thrichinopolly, 
 had in that capacity been very usefull to that gentleman in 
 the acquisition of a very competent fortune, and in the course 
 of the business (being, though young, very acute) had gained 
 great knowledge and influence in the Tan j ore country. On 
 Mr. Hay's going home, and after the capture of Tanjore, this 
 man was sought for l)y many. Mr. Benfield afforded him the 
 largest held of action, and under the auspices of, perhaps in 
 conjunction with, Mr. Wynch, imployed him in negociating 
 money matters in the Tanjore country to a vast amount ; 
 which, together with the countenance given him by the Nabob, 
 . . . gave him in that country the consequence of a Basha. 
 
 '' The Nabob, for prosecuting the siege of Tanjore and paying 
 the prize money after it was taken, had borrowed of Benfield 
 six lacks and seventy thousand pagodas, for the repayment 
 of which he had assigned the produce of certain districts of 
 that country ; and this Comerah was imployed there by Benfield 
 to collect it. When it came under consideration to send a 
 deputation for the restoration of the Rajah, Comerah was (by 
 his master) called down . . . His Lordship desired him to 
 stay till he himself went up. But as this neither suited his, 
 his master's or the Nabob's purposes, he set off, got before, and, 
 Avas found there when Lord Pigot arrived at Tanjore ; which, 
 with some remonstrances n\ade against him b}' tlie Rajah, . . . 
 tempted Lord Pigot in an unguarded moment to corporally 
 punish him with twelve lashes in a publiek manner. This 
 furnished fuel for a future flame. 
 
 " The Nabob's manager of the Tanjore country being then 
 at some distance from the capital, liord Pigot conceiNcd a 
 notion of getting from him the account of the revenues, &c., 
 received ; and in order thereto sent a party of horse to secure 
 either him or the accounts. But the man . . . set off for, and 
 got within the conRnes of the Carnatiek before he was overtaken, 
 notwithstanding which, he or his accounts were seized. This 
 
No. 293.] 284 
 
 furnished the Nabob with a very specious pretext (perhaps a just 
 one) for complaint, and of whicli he made the most bv addressing 
 the Board here and the Supreme Council at Bengali ... in 
 terms of strong resentment. 
 
 " The Nabob's reception of Lord Pigot on his arrival was in 
 appearance the most cordial and affectionate. One day, after 
 Lord Pigot had breakfasted with him at an elegant tal3le, the 
 Nabob sent him the tea service of rich gold and silver plate that 
 he had been entertained with ; which he, after some hesitation, 
 and to preserve as far as might be a good imderstanding, 
 accepted. By the best account I can get it was worth from 
 three to hve thousand pagodas. But the value has been much 
 exaggerated, and Lord Pigot has been threatened by Benfield 
 with a prosecution for venality . , . 
 
 " The Nabob . . . very artfully led on Lord Pigot by one 
 hness or other from December to April to delay his departure 
 for Tanjore till that period, with an intention ... to collect, 
 or permit his creditors to collect, in discharge of his debt what 
 they could of the crop of grain . . . As the grain had been cut 
 and stacked, it was marked with Mr. Benfield's chop'^' and 
 claimed as his property. About the time the Rajah was restored 
 .this grain was demanded of Lord Pigot by Benfield, but it seems 
 the Rajah applyed it to his own purpose. Benfield calls it a 
 violent seizure of British property by Lord Pigot, and declares 
 he shall be made by law to account to him for the whole. Lord 
 Pigot says it was a transaction of the Rajah's, and what he 
 has nothing to say to. 
 
 " Here then is the bone of contention. Benfield and that 
 part of the Council who support his cause say that this grain, 
 assigned to his creditors by the Nabob, should have gone in 
 discharge of his debt, but as it did not, the Rajah ought to be 
 made to pay it. Lord Pigot and his party say ; — Let the Nabob 
 produce his accounts ... of the Tanjore country, and if there 
 is any thing remains unpaid we consent that the Rajah of Tanjore 
 be made to pay it ; l)ut if the Nabob will not produce his 
 accoimts, let the whole be referred to the Company, and wait 
 their determination. This Benfield and his party will not 
 agree to ... . 
 
 " After much warm debate. . . . Benfield's (or if yon please 
 Sir Robert's)*-* party carrved their point of sending Colonel 
 Stuart^'*' to conmiand at Tanjore ... to assist them there in 
 recovering this money from the Rajah. Next, the scale turned 
 the other way, and T^ord Pigot's party got Russell appointed 
 Resident tiiere, he being the man they wished to be with the 
 King. A few days only elapsed when Russell was, in con- 
 
 n' Cliiiii, slamp, (lie : fi'oiii Ifind. cJihftpna, to print. 
 
 {-) Uri^.-({("m'ral .Sir Holx-i'l^ Fletcher, comma luliii^' tli(> ^ladiMS Arm\-. Vide 
 No. Ill, /'. 1<):5, note 2. 
 
 (■') Colonel James Stuart, after 2U years' service in the British Army, was 
 n])pointe(l l)y the Company to he second in comtnand at Port St. George, where he 
 an-ived in .May, 177(i. lie hail seen active service ui Nova Scotia in 1758, and 
 subsequently in the West Indies. 
 
285 [No. 203. 
 
 sequence of the Company's orders, directed to go on the circuit. 
 Now things grew serious . . . Sir l^obert's party was the 
 Majority (though, as he was ill, he did not always attend Council) 
 and orders were drawn out for Colonel Stuart to proceed to 
 Tanjore. They lay on the tal)le ready Tor signing, but the 
 President would not sign them. After much altercation the 
 Secretary'^' was (by Sir Robert's party, who was the Majority) 
 directed to sign them /o/' the President. But the Secretary did 
 not think it safe to do so without a written order. An order 
 for that j)urpose was accordingly drawn out, and Stratton and 
 ]3rooke haveing signed it (as the rest of the Majority were 
 going to do) Lord Pigot desired to see the paper before Brooke 
 had (as he was in the very act of doing) given it to Floyer ; and 
 haveing thus received it, drew another paper out of his pocket 
 containing a charge against Brooke and Stratton for signing 
 such an order without the President's . . . consent, and 
 immediately moved that they should be suspended the service 
 for it ; which they accordingly were by Lord Pigot's easting 
 voice. Sir Robert, being ill, was not present. 
 
 " This transaction happened late in the afternoon of the 22nd 
 of this month of August. The Council broke up innnediatcly, 
 and Sir Robert's party met at his house on Choultry Plain'-' 
 that evening, where they stayed till midnight ; then retired, 
 and met at five next morning. liOrd Pigot summoned a Council 
 for that forenoon . . . but left Stratton and Brooke out of the 
 summons. Lord Pigot's party met accordingly. . . The other 
 party did not come, but about noon sent a Notary Publick with 
 a strong protest against the expulsion of Stratton and Brooke 
 . . . , declared the nullity of Lord Pigot's and the Minority's 
 powers, and asserted that the Government rested in them, the 
 Majority . . . The party, or Council if y/)U please, broke up 
 with an intention to consider of the matter till Monday the 26th. 
 But while they were at dinner a letter was brought to Lord 
 Pigot by a gentleman who had received it from Sir Robert's 
 party, chargeing him as a Company's servant not to regard any 
 orders of the Minority, as the Government was regidarly vested 
 in them the Alajority, and that they expected his obedience. 
 This induced liOrd Pigot's party to assemble in Council again 
 after dinner. While they were there the officer of the Main 
 Guard brought in another letter to the same purport addressed 
 to him as such. And soon after it was known that similar 
 letters had been circulated to all in office, ci\il and military. 
 This Lord Pigot, &c., considered as sowing sedition and tending 
 to raise a mutiny in the garrison ; and then on that ground 
 (Sir Robert being first put in arrest by Lord Pigot, &c.) they 
 suspended the whole of his party. This last transaction 
 happened on the 23rd in the evening. 
 
 (1) Richard Joseph Sulivan. Vide No. 19, p. 29, note 3. 
 
 (2) C'hmiltry Plain extended for iU miles S.W. of Fort St. George towards the 
 Mount, and was the principal residential locality (if the period. It was so called 
 from a Choultry on the main road 2 J miles from the Fort. 
 
No. 293,] 286 
 
 " On Sir Robert being put under arrest by Lord Pigot, &c., 
 they offered the command of the Army to Colonel Stuart (as I 
 believe the other party did also . , ,). Stuart desired a little 
 time to consider of it. In the evening of the 23rd he accepted 
 of the command from Lord Pigot, &c. . . . and came to 
 breakfast with him at the Gardens, where I happened to be 
 also. After breakfast Lord Pigot and Stuart withdrew and 
 had some conversation together, but they parted soon, and some 
 time after met again in the Council Room. After which they 
 with others dined together, and I think went to Council again 
 after dinner, where they sat till the evening. On breaking up 
 Lord Pigot desired Stviart to sup with him at the Gardens, 
 which the other readyly accepted, but said he was at a loss for 
 a conveyance, as his servants had disappointed him of his 
 carriage. Stone told him his was at Stuart's service, but he 
 declined it and said as his Lordship was going out himself he 
 begge^l leave to accompany him. Pigot gladly accepted of his 
 company. They set off together about I past seven in the 
 evening. In passing over the Island, Captain Lysaght'^' stepped 
 up from the side of the road and stopped the carriage with a 
 pistol in his hand, and told Lord Pigot he was his, Lysaght's, 
 prisoner. At the same instant came up Captain Edington'^' 
 with a party of seapoys to support Lysaght. Then Stuart told 
 Pigot in those words to (iet out, get out. Pigot said (speaking 
 to Stuart), You have deceived me. They then put him into a 
 close chaise, prepared and at hand for the purpose, and Lysaght, 
 attended by an orderly, set off full speed with him. He asked 
 where they meant to carry him. They said, To the Mount ; 
 which they accordingly did, and delivered him to Major Horne,*^' 
 then in cantonment there with about 2 or 3 hundred artillery. 
 This happened in the evening of the 24th August. 
 
 " The principal officers of the garrison had their Que. Stuart 
 returned to them immediately, and his Council, if I may call it 
 such, was into Town and in the Council Room immediately after 
 him. The military were told [that]. Sir Robert being ill, Stuart 
 commanded ; and he with his dependants very luckily preserved 
 such order as to prevent any blood being shed. 
 
 " All the members of the Council slept in the Council Room 
 that night, and the next morning, \izt. the 25th August, a 
 paper was circulated informing the publick that the then 
 Government desired the Company's ci\il and military servants, 
 as well as tlie inhabitants in general, to attend at the Council 
 Room at 11 that day ; wliieh being accordingly done by most, 
 a proclamation was read to them and afterwards affixed at the 
 Seagate, setting forth the reasons for the measures which had 
 been taken ; and Mr. Stratton, after haveing been thvis pro- 
 claimed Governor of Fort St. George and i^residcnt of the Council, 
 
 (1' Caphiin Artliur Lysaght. ciiimnajulcd a Scjioy haHalion. Brother of the fiist 
 Loi-il Lisle, lie married ill 177() Martha, (iau^htei' of y\v. John Pyhii.s. 
 *-' Tjt .-("cilonel James Mdington was tlio Adjiitaiil -(ienei-ah 
 l^) Major Aluttliew Horne, coiumaiidiiig the Ai-tillery. 
 
287 [No. 293. 
 
 and saluted with nineteen guns on the occasion, stood ready 
 to receive the compHments of rnare than he found disposed to 
 bestow them. 
 
 " The niiHtarv however (it being a work ol" their own) together 
 with the prinei|)al l)l;ick and Arniciiian merchants . . . j)aid 
 their devoirs, but a rcniarkal)le backwarthiess appeared in tlie 
 bulk of the civil scr^■ants . , . Some few ofTicers, whose approba- 
 tion of the Revolution was doubt lull, were ordered to the out 
 garrisons. 
 
 " The Gentlemen now in power being, however, fearfull of 
 some attempt being made to wrest the goNcrnment out of their 
 hands in favor of Lord Pigot, sent a party privately to the 
 Mount under the command of Captain Edington, at midnight 
 between the 27th and 28th instant, to remove his Lordship's 
 person elsewhere, but to what place they would not then say 
 (though they have since declared it to be Chingleput). This 
 unreasonable and unexpected measure much surprised Lord 
 Pigot and alarmed his friends, who put the worst construction 
 on it. Edington, by virtue of a written order, peremptoryly 
 demanded his person of Major Home, and Home as 
 peremptoryly insisted for a time on Lord Pigot yielding 
 himself up to Edington ; but he as positively asserted he would 
 not do so, and declared they should not take him away alive. 
 
 " On this the Artillery (some two or three hundred in number) 
 then in cantonment there were put under arms, and called on 
 to do their duty ; but Pigot harangued them on the occasion, 
 told them that he and he only was their lawful Governor, 
 that his person had been violently seized without a reason, that 
 he was then in secure confinement under them and not possible 
 for him, if he was so disposed, to escape, and on that account 
 there could be no reason for his removal at such an hour, \n 
 such a way, to be carrycd he knew not where, and for purposes 
 which he feared could not be good. Home called again on the 
 men to do their duty, told them he was their officer, and asked 
 if they woidd not obey him. Notwithstanding which they stood 
 stock still luider arms and perfectly nuite. Home and Edington, 
 haveing thus nuich reason to apprehend the defection of those 
 troops, dropped the design, and so it ended. 
 
 " September 10th. On the 31st August Lord Pigot applyed 
 by his friends to the Mayor's Court for a writ of Habeas Corpus." 
 After some deliberation the Court decided it had power to 
 grant the writ, but an adjournment took place on formal 
 grounds and when the Court assembled again on the 2nd 
 September the previous decision was reversed. " And thus 
 that affair ended." 
 
 Prior to the subversion of the Government reports of the 
 ]?oard's proceedings and disputes had been sent to the Supreme 
 Council. Sir Robert Fletcher was in correspondence Avith 
 (General Clavering, but no private representations were made 
 on behalf of Lord Pigot's party. " Answers to the whole 
 
No. 293.] 288 
 
 detail of what was sent previous to the RevoKition have been 
 received from the Supreme [Government] condemning in general 
 Lord Pigot's measures, more especially those at Tanjore, and 
 particularly his seizure of the Nabob's agent within the confines 
 of the Carnatick. No answers are yet received to the accounts 
 sent of the Revolution. They cannot well be expected till 
 towards the end of this month . . . 
 
 " September 21st . . . The Szvallow, sloop of war, is to sail 
 the 30th instant with accounts of the Revolution to Suez ; 
 Dalrymple'i' on one part and Colonel Capper'^* on behalf of the 
 other go on her . . " 
 
 " George Baker." 
 
 "P.S. — October 8th. On the 6th instant the Administration 
 here received publick letters from the Supreme [Council] at 
 Calcutta, acknowledging the receipt of the letter containing 
 the account of the late Revolution here : of which they give 
 their full approbation, and promise to support them in their 
 government. Thus this matter now stands. What measures 
 will be taken on your side the water time will unfold. The 
 Swallow's departure was postponed, but she is now to sail for 
 Suez on the 10th instant. . ." 
 
 " G. Baker." 
 
 [Autograph, \5\ pp., Jlscp. The grosser errors in spelling 
 made by Ba/cer's amanuensis have been corrected.^ 
 
 [No. 294.] 
 Richard Welland to Robert Palk, Esqr., Bruton Street, 
 
 London. 
 
 1776, September 6th, Ship Salisbury, Madrass Roads. — 
 " Honoured Uncle, . . We are just come from Bombay and 
 we expect to go to Masulapatam soon. I have done sc[h]ool 
 now, and I do duty on the quarterdeck as Midshipman. Mr. 
 Adams is dead, and I heard he died wo[r]th 80 thousand pounds. 
 Sir Edward Hughes behaves very well to me ; likeways Mr. 
 Baker, for I gt) ashore very often, and he sends me [plenty] 
 of fruit every Sunday. I am glad brother Robert has made 
 choise of the army. All my covisins in India are well. The 
 governer of Madrass suspen[d]ed some of the Council for private 
 correspondence witli the Nabob. The Council tooke him the 
 next morning out of his chariot, and put him in prison at the 
 Mount, and suspcii|d](.'d him and Mr. Stone and several otliers, 
 and Mr. Striatcly''^' \sic] is mad[e] gove[r]ner. All the Com- 
 pany's ships saluted him with 19 guns, and the Fort saluted us 
 with 15 guns, and we returned the same number . . . 
 
 " Your affcctiotiate anrl ever dutiful nephew, 
 
 " Richard Welland." 
 
 [Holograph, 2 pp., t/o. Wax seal with monogratn.] 
 
 (1) Alexander Dali > in|il.-. Vide No. 263, p. 257, note 2. 
 
 '-' Jaiiios CapiitT, a civilian, was ajipoinf ctl l)y tl>e Directors in 1773 to be 
 Cuimuissai'y General, Madras, with the relative rank o( Colonel, 
 '3) George Stratton. 
 
289 
 
 [No. 295.] 
 Chocapah to the Honble. Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1776, September 15th, Fort St. George. — Received 21st April, 
 1777. — Since I wrote to you on the 27th June'^' a revolution has 
 occurred here. The Nawab, forgetting that he owes his position 
 as ruler of the Carnatic to Lord Pigot during the latter's first 
 administration, has lately supported those who are hostile to 
 the Governor. The Nawab and his sons instigated the Majority 
 in the Council to vote against the appointment of Mr. Russell 
 to Tanjorc, and to require that gentleman to accompany the 
 Circuit Committee to the Northern Circars. 
 
 On the 22nd August, after Lord Pigot had suspended Messrs. 
 Stratton and Brooke for inciting the Secretary to commit an 
 unlawful act, the Majority, consisting of Mr. Stratton, Sir 
 Robert Fletcher, and Messrs. Brooke, Floyer, Palmer, Jourdan 
 and Mackay, joined (with the exception of Sir Robert, who was 
 ill) Messrs. Benfield and Macpherson and the two sons of the 
 Nawab at night at Mr. Benfield's garden house, where they 
 received communications from the Nawab. Next morning all, 
 except the Nawab's sons, met at Sir Robert Fletcher's garden, 
 where the Majority resolved to assume the Government, and 
 sent out notices to that effect. On receipt of the notice Lord 
 Pigot suspended the Majority members and appointed Colonel 
 Stuart Commander-in-Chief. Colonel Stuart, after repeatedly 
 enjoying his Lordship's hospitality, drove with the Governor 
 on the evening of the 24th from the Fort towards the Company's 
 Garden, having previously arranged with Benfield, Macpherson 
 and others that the carriage should be stopped by Colonel 
 Edington and Captain Lysaght, supported by an armed party 
 of sepoys and Nawab's troops. The two officers emerged from 
 the shadows of the avenue of trees on the Island, and presenting 
 pistols, halted the chaise. Colonel Stuart forced Lord Pigot 
 to enter Mr. Benfield's carriage, which was in waiting, and 
 despatched him a prisoner to the Mount, where he was placed 
 in the custody of Major Home. The Majority immediately 
 went to the Fort, and next morning issued orders to " all the 
 military and civil servants of the Company and white and black 
 inhabitants of IMadrasspatnam to give them their attendance 
 at the Fort Square at 11 o'clock in that morning, and to hear 
 the proclamation they drew out themseh'es in the names of 
 his Majest}^ [the] English nation and the East India Company. 
 . . . On the 26th the Nabob and his two sons with great pomp 
 came to the Fort to give his visit to Mr. Stratton, and the 
 27th Mr. Stratton went to the Nabob with great pomp, where 
 he was received very handsomely ..." 
 
 On the 28th at midnight Colonel Edington went to the Mount 
 to remove Lord Pigot to Gingee, but through the action of 
 Major Home and Messrs. Russell, Dalrymple and Monckton 
 
 (1) No. 289, p. 277, 
 
No. 295.] • 290 
 
 the intention was not executed. " Mr. Russell came down to 
 Sir Edward Hughes at St. Thome at three in the morning, and 
 got him out of his bed and acquainted him. . . . Sir Edward 
 Hughes immediately came to the Fort, and spoke to IMr. Stratton 
 and the rest of the Gentlemen at 4 o'clock in the morning," 
 and induced them to promise that no further attempt to remove 
 Lord Pigot would be made. Most of the civil servants have 
 refused to recognize any Governor but Lord Pigot, and all the 
 native inhabitants are profoundly grieved and depressed. 
 Many of the military officers have no sympathy with the 
 revolution. We are in hopes that such gentlemen as yourself, 
 Mr. Du Pre and Mr. Call will return to India to put matters 
 right. 
 
 " I used to get my letters corrected by somebody else before, 
 but I [am] now afraid to shew this letter to any one here, and 
 therefore I wrote it myself as well as I can, and request you will 
 please to excuse me the errors and broken English wrote in 
 this letter ..." 
 
 " Chocapah." 
 
 [Holograph, 6 pp.y Mo.] 
 
 [No. 296.] 
 H[enry] Vansittart, jun., to [Robert Palk, Esqr.]. 
 
 1776, September 18th, Calcutta. — " I have received your 
 favors of the 14th December, 1775, and 7th January, 1776. 
 If I should ever prove an honor to my name, I shall attribute 
 it to my good fortune in meeting with friends who have suggested 
 its importance and animated my pursuit ... It gives me 
 uneasiness that I should transmit memorials of myself to my 
 friends in an uncouth form, and hope that my future perfor- 
 mances will not be liable to such exception. The friend at 
 whose instance you imparted the counsel being unknown, I 
 can only thank him through you for his kind attention ..." 
 
 " H. Vansittart." 
 
 [Holograph, If p., flscp.] 
 
 [No. 297.] 
 
 George Smith to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1776, September 20th, Fort St. George. — " How great must 
 be your surprise on receipt of this to know that a revolution 
 has taken place in our Government, that Lord Pigot is a 
 prisoner under a military guard at the Mount, and George 
 Stratton in the chair of Government. To enumerate the 
 circumstances which have led to this change would be to swell 
 this beyond the limits of a letter. I must therefore refer you 
 to the India House and to the public papers for the detail. 
 In order, however, to gratify your curiosity thus raised by me, 
 I will here inform you of a few uncontrovcrtable facts, which 
 will guide you to the source of this event. 
 
291 [No. 297. 
 
 " The present Adiniiiistration accuse Lord Pigot with 
 despotism, arbitrary power, an intention to subvert tlie con- 
 stitution of (Government, and with the receipt of })resents. 
 These are the sunuuary of the accusations against him, wliich, if 
 true, would scarcely justify the measures which have been 
 adopted ; but, being ialse, how nuich more culpable iire the 
 men who have seized on his Government and person ! If 
 opposition to a venal faction in his Coimcil, and putting a 
 negative on resolves formed on injustice and self-interest ; if 
 a strict observance of the interest and honour of the Company, 
 and a punctual regard to their instructions and orders can be 
 termed despotic and arbitrary measures tending to the sub- 
 version of the Constitution, then is my Lord guilty of the charge 
 against him ; if not, he is innocent. Of these charges I most 
 readily acquit him. Effects but too evidently demonstrate the 
 cause of this revolution ; self interest is the source and spring 
 of it — Tanjore loans and money from the Nabob to load the 
 Rajah with the payment of these moneys — this the true, the 
 undoubted cause. You know me, and I tell you that I am 
 totally disinterested in my representation ; and to convince 
 you that I am so, I need only tell you that I have a Tanka for 
 pearls, which I last year sold the Nabob, . . . on Tanjore, 
 unpaid, to the amount of Pags. 31,500, which is a large sum to 
 me, and for which I could now get an order on the Rajah by an 
 application to the present Administration ... In regard to the 
 information of presents, from whom do they [sic] come ? From 
 the declared foes of Lord Pigot — Benfield and his man Comaroo. 
 . . . Benfield's enmity against Lord Pigot is incredible : he 
 has said such things to me of him that I could not have believed 
 if he had not told me them himself. 
 
 " Since the revolution the sentiments of the Supreme Council 
 on the conduct of my Lord Pigot towards the Nabob have come 
 to hand. These give great hopes to the present Administration 
 that their measures in regard to him will also be approved. 
 These resolves you will see. Until! you do, and know circum- 
 stances, please to suspend your opinion, for I will take upon 
 me to say that they are crude, indigested and malignant . . . 
 
 " Bob Munro,*"^' considering the present Administration 
 illegal, has had the honesty and fortitude to say so in a letter 
 to them, jointly with 37 other civil servants, and . . thinking 
 he could no othcrways address Mr. Stratton than as ' stiling 
 himself President and Governor of Fort St. George ', has for 
 this address been suspended the service. The smalness of 
 the crime, the friendship which you had for his father . . . will, 
 I hope, be incentives with you to aid his other friends in getting 
 him reinstated . . . 
 
 " In regard to Randall's plot of assassination'-' ; the orders 
 
 d' Robert Duncan Munro. Vide No. 33, ]>. 55, notf 2. 
 
 '2) William Randall, late Captain in the Nawab's army, was alleged to have 
 plotted with the Nawab's second son, Amir-ul-Umara, to poison Lord Pigot. 
 
No. 297.] 292 
 
 of these gentlemen to Major Hornfe] ' That in case a rescue was 
 attempted, as the last resource his Lordship's life must answer 
 for it, and this you are to signify to him ' ; and Colonel 
 Edington's attempt to take him from Horn[e] in the dead of 
 night, are horrible things. The two last bear hard on the new 
 Powers, and resemble much the seven Tyrants of Syracuse. As 
 to the first, every person will judge for himself, I know Omer 
 a] Omrah to be a bad man, and I can figure to myself what a 
 bad man is capable of doing . , ." 
 
 " George Smith." 
 [Holograph, 8 pp., 4io.] 
 
 [No. 298.] 
 Chocapah to the Honble. Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1776, September 20th, Fort St. George. — I advise the despatch 
 per Grenville of " one box containing six small jarrs of limons 
 and chillies pickles," of which I beg your acceptance. 
 
 " Chocapah," 
 
 [Autograph, 1 p., Mo.] 
 
 [No. 299.] 
 John d'Fries to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1776, September 21st, Madras. — " We have had an instance 
 lately of the dispatch with which advices may be sent from 
 Europe to India by forwarding the letters to Grand Cairo 
 directly, and from thence over the Isthmus of Suez, where 
 vessels may be stationed to fetch them away to India. A 
 private packet for Mr. Hastings of the 20th May from London, 
 with letters from Mr. Graham at Marseilles of 3rd June, was 
 received at Calcutta the 15th August, and we had extracts 
 of it here from Bengal, come overland, the 7th instant . . . 
 Colonel Monson has been very ailing lately . . . Lady Monson'^' 
 dyed some months since. 
 
 " The arrival of the present packet from India will fill you 
 all with much surprize as well as serious concern ... at the 
 unfortunate lengths to which the animosities and dissentions 
 in Council have been carried, and the violent end it is brought 
 to by the arrest of Lord Pigot, who is now a prisoner at the 
 Mount, and the gentlemen who sided Avith him in Council, 
 Messrs. Russell, Dalrymplc, Stone and Latham'-*, being sus- 
 pended. I enclose you copys of several of the proceedings 
 which were made publick ... I shall avoid all reflections, but 
 only observe that extremities of this nature must prejudice 
 the Government very much and reduce its dignity and con- 
 sequence, more so with the Asiatics, whose notion of a Chief 
 Magistrate or the Government of a single person is congenial 
 
 (1) Colonel the Hon. George Monson, married Lady Anne Vane, daughter of the 
 Earl of D.u'liiiKton. 
 
 (-) Richard Lathoni, (^hief at Cuddalorc, sal in Council when at Madras. He 
 was a civil servant of 175G, 
 
293 [No. 299. 
 
 to them. The Nabob with reason seems to be sorry for what 
 has happened, as I told him that it was out of his power to 
 prevent suspieions being entertained of his having had some 
 hand in all that is come to pass . . . 
 
 " You will perceive by the resolutions of the Supreme Couneil 
 of the 7th August last that they disapproved entirely of most 
 part of Lord Pigot's conduct towards the Nabob, whom they 
 declare they were determined to protect in his just rights. The 
 present Administration waits to hear from Bengal regarding the 
 last act ... I may aver for truth to you that if Lord Pigot 
 had been less violent, and more moderate and attentive to the 
 great interest the Settlement had in the Tanjore countrey from 
 the Tanakaws and orders for money granted by the Nabob to 
 individuals, much of what has happened may have been pre- 
 vented, for it was certainly the interest of private individuals 
 that increased the opposition . . . 
 
 " It will be strongly urged by those that do not favor the 
 Nabob's cause that he should not be permit[t]ed to reside here, 
 as it gives him a convenient opportunity to form partys in 
 Council, &c. . . . The advantages to this Settlement since his 
 constant residence here for the last ten years are very great 
 and visible, both in the considerable increase of inhabitants, 
 near a third more than before, as well as of the trade and 
 benefits reaped by them by the great consumption of many 
 articles of use and ornament for the Nabob's family and court. 
 But in a political sense also the Nabob should be kept here in 
 preference to any distant place, as we can watch better over his 
 actions ... A great deal has been said about the Nabob's 
 aiming at independance, and his great force, &c. The first 
 will never be attained by him but by a weak Administration on 
 our part suffering him to do so. He certainly had a numerous 
 rabble, and has still too many useless people that occasions to 
 him a great but unnecessary expence. When our Government 
 is on good terms with the Nabob, he may be easily prevailed 
 upon to regulate many things, but when both sides are in an ill 
 humour it is no time for reforming abuses. It is of the most 
 important consequence to the Company that a sincere 
 harmony and good understanding should subsist between their 
 Government here and the Nabob . . . 
 
 "During these political contests many things have been said 
 of presents received on both sides. His Lordship was accused 
 also of a large sum received from the Nabob since his arrival. 
 
 " Mr. Adams'i' dyed lately with a sudden attack of an 
 apoplcctick fit. He remained speechless for two days before 
 he expired. He has left upwards of fifty thousand £. . . . 
 The Mayor's Court are going to petition the King for power to 
 grant writ of Habeas Corpus, w^hich will be a great security 
 to the subject, and a very necessary power to the Court here. 
 It is the commonly received opinion here that Sir Edward 
 
 <!' Reynold Adams. Vide No. 112. p. 141, note 1. 
 
No. 299.] 
 
 294 
 
 Hughes has not behaved the most steadily in this business 
 from the rank he holds. . . . 
 
 " I beg once more you will think of establishing — that is, 
 propose to the Company for doing it — a communication to 
 India through Grand Cairo and Suez, which may be accom- 
 plished at very little expence by appointing an English 
 merchant at Cairo as their agent to forward the letters to Suez, 
 where a small vessell from Bengal or Bombay should be con- 
 stantly kept, relieving each other, to fetch away the packet to 
 India . . . The Company entertains vessells enough at Bengal 
 and Bombay to be employed in this service without putting 
 them to any additional expence, and b}' this means we may 
 have intelligence through that channel at least four times a 
 year ... If you should have occasion to write us that way, 
 please to recom[m]end your letters to Mr. George Baldwin,'^' 
 merchant at Grand Cairo, who corresponds with us . . . 
 
 " The Nabob has lately shewn some kindness to Mrs. 
 Vansittart ; indeed his disposition towards all the family is 
 very friendly. It is much to be regret[t]ed that he will not 
 attend to the regulation of his finances, which are ever 
 anticipated, and thereby it costs him an onerous interest. 
 Benfield is gone to Tanjore to endeavor (it is supposed) at the 
 recovery of his property there ..." 
 
 " John d'Fries." 
 
 [Autograph, 10| pp., 4<to.] 
 
 [Enclosures.] 
 
 No. 1. 1776, August 22nd. Copy of order suspending George 
 Stratton and Henry Brooke, and nominating Claud Russell to be 
 Second of Council. Signed by the Secretary, R. J. Sulivan, by 
 order of the Rt. Hon. President and Council. 
 
 Appended is an order that the honours due to the Second of 
 Council shall be paid to Claud Russell. Signed by the Town 
 Major, Capt. Robert Wood, by order of the Rt. Hon. the 
 Governor. 
 
 No. 2. 177C, August 23rd. Copy of letter from George 
 Stratton, Robert Fletcher, Henry Brooke, Charles Floyer, 
 Archdale Palmer, Francis Jourdan and George Mackay, con- 
 stituting the Majority of Council, to the Rt. Hon. Lord Pigot, 
 President, and Claud Russell, Alexander Dalrymplc and John 
 Maxwell Stone, constituting the Minority, stating that the 
 Majority deem themselves the only legal representatives of the 
 Company, and decline to obey a summons issued to some of 
 them to attend a meeting of the Council on that day. 
 
 No. 3. 177G, August 23rd. Copy of order of arrest of Sir 
 Robert Fletcher for being concerned in circulating letters tending 
 to cause mutiny in the garrison. Also order of appointment 
 
 (1' In 1787 George Baldwin, H.M. Consul in Epypt, was appointed Company's 
 agf!it at Cairo. 
 
295 [No. 299. 
 
 of Colonel James Stuart to command the army. Signed by the 
 Secretary, 11. J. Sulivan, by order of the lit. Hon. President 
 and Council. 
 
 No. 4. 1770, August 2ith. Copy of proclamation by the 
 Majority in the name of his Majesty and the English nation, 
 setting forth the acts of the Minority, anmdling their powers, 
 and proclaiming George Stratton President of the Council. 
 Signed by the Majority. 
 
 Appended is an extract from the Company's Standing Orders, 
 providing that all questions in Council are to be decided by a 
 majoritj' of votes. Signed by the wSecretary, R. J. Sulivan. 
 
 No. 5. 1776, August 25th. Copy of proceedings of George 
 Stratton and Council, recording the arrest of Lord Pigot, the 
 suspension of Claud Russell, Alexander Dalrymple and John 
 Maxwell Stone, and the assumption by George Stratton of the 
 office of President. Signed by the Majority. 
 
 Appended are orders appointing Colonel Stuart to command 
 the army and garrison during the illness of Sir Robert Fletcher, 
 nominating Captain Lysaght to be Town Major, and making 
 certain transfers of officers. 
 
 No. 6. 1776, August 28tli. Copy of resolution that the order 
 of the Minority for the arrest of Sir Robert Fletcher be erased 
 from the records. Signed by the Secretary, R. J. Sulivan, by 
 order of the President and Council. 
 
 No. 7. N.D. [1776, August 31st]. Copy of Petition of George 
 Lord Pigot to the Mayor's Court, setting forth the circumstances 
 of his arrest on the 24th August, removal to the Mount, and 
 delivery into the custody of Major Home, part of whose orders 
 were—" As the last resource in case of an attempt to rescue 
 Lord Pigot, his life must answer for it." The Petition con- 
 cludes thus : — " Your Petitioner therefore most humbly prays 
 this Honorable Court that, taking into consideration the violent 
 and felonious assault and capture of him the said George Lord 
 Pigot by the said James Eidingtoun, the said Arthur Lysaght 
 and the said James Stuart, as also the illegal detention of him 
 the said George Lord Pigot at St. Thomas's Mount aforesaid 
 by the said Matthew Home, will be pleased to issue a Writ 
 of Habeas Corp[u]s ad faciendum, subjiciendum et recipiendum, 
 to do, submit and receive wdiatsoever the Judges of this Honor- 
 able Court shall consider in behalf of him the said George 
 Lord Pigot." 
 
 No. 8. N.D. [1776, August 31st— September 2nd.]— Copy of 
 letter from Justice S.C. Lemaistre*^' to Charles Oakeley, Secre- 
 tary, Civil Department, expressing his opinion that the Mayor's 
 Court has no power to issue a Writ of Habeas Corpus. 
 
 [3 sheets, flscp.] 
 
 d' Justice Lemaistre, one of the judges of the Supreme Court of Bengal, chanced 
 to be in Madras at this time. 
 
296 
 
 [No. 300.] 
 MuDOO KiSTNA to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1776, September 22nd. — Lord Pigot, on his arrival from 
 England, began the settlement of Tanjore affairs, released the 
 Rajah and placed a British garrison in the Fort. Subsequently 
 he visited the district, accompanied by Messrs. Dalrymple and 
 Jourdan and myself, and reinstated the King. These acts 
 were naturally disagreeable to the Nawab. After the Governor's 
 return to Madras disputes arose in Council, and Lord Pigot was 
 arrested by the Majority and confined at St. Thomas's Mount. 
 "It is the opinion of most people that Lord Pigot acted upon 
 the principles of honor and virtue, and with a view of the 
 Company's interest in every respect, and that his conduct was 
 no ways to be blamed. However, he got into the present 
 misfortune, which was lamented by the whole people in the 
 country, because they knew him to be a person that [had] 
 done them singular service by putting an end to the French 
 troubles in the Carnatick during the late war and saving 
 Madrass from their invasion. 
 
 " As soon as George Stratton, Esqr., took the Government 
 upon himself, my son Choliapah (who acts in my room) went to 
 see him. He then told him that he will send for him when he 
 wanted, by which it is supposed that he listened to the 
 calumnious stories of our cncmys [and] took us for Lord Pigot's 
 party . . . Narrain, our bitter enemy, became his head Dubash 
 in the same manner as he was under Mr. Bourchier, and 
 according to his usual custom is contriving mischiefs against 
 us . . " 
 
 " MuDOO KiSTNA." 
 
 [Autograph, 4| pp., 4to.] 
 
 [No. 301.] 
 
 H.H. the Nawab Walajah to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1776, September 25th. Chepauk. — " I have received from 
 you, my friend, three letters filled with friendship, and they 
 arrived when my mind was filled with sorrow, and they gave 
 great relief to my heart. I have seen your letter to Commodore 
 Sir Edward Hughes, and am much obliged to you for it, and I 
 hope you will, as usual, give attention to settling my affairs 
 in England. Though I could not but think that the order in 
 regard to Tanjore was unjust, I would not oppose it, and hoped 
 for redress ; and Lord Pigot not only executed it, but did 
 every thing in his power to destroy my rights and hurt my 
 honor ; and he shewed no consideration to a thirty five years' 
 friendship with the Company and the English nation, but 
 broke the peace of the Carnatick by acting contrary to his 
 Majesty's guaranty. He endeavoured by every means to 
 disgrace me, thinking to provoke me to some measure that 
 would have given him a pretence to destroy me and my family ; 
 
297 [No. 301. 
 
 but depending on the Company's friendsliip and justice, I gave 
 liim no opposition. 
 
 '* His Lordship at last, through his own l^ad conduct, fell from 
 his high station. I had no concern therein, and knew nothing 
 of it 'till after it had happened. You will perceive the concern 
 of my mind by the paper which I wrote to Governor Stratton 
 on this subject the day after the affair happened, a copy of 
 which I enclose you . . The Council here, and the Governor 
 General and Supreme Council of Bengal have disapproved of 
 all his Lordship's conduct, as well in what regards my affairs 
 as the Company's. Mr. Hastings, who is your friend and mine, 
 wrote a letter to Sir Edward Hughes (an extract of which 
 Colonel jMaeleane will show you) by which you will see how 
 nearl}' your opinion and his agree . . . 
 
 " People may for their own interest raise w'hat reports they 
 please, but I am an unalterable friend to the Company and the 
 English nation, and nothing will ever change me . . . 
 
 " What can I say more ? " 
 
 " P.S. You told me many things which I now' recollect, 
 and two of them particularly. The first, that wdien the news 
 of Lally's beseiging Madrass reached England, the Directors 
 then asked you (as you had then newly arrived from India) 
 would 3Iadrass stand or fall, and you answered that it would 
 not fall whilst General Lawrence commanded there. I hope 
 that you will positively assure them of a similar thing, which 
 is that as long as I and my family exist in the Carnatick, we will 
 never admit of the least diminution of our friendship with the 
 Company and the English. Secondly, you told me that should 
 the Government of Madrass do me any injury, I should not 
 oppose them, but make my complaint to England. This 
 advice has been of great use to me, and in all the injuries that 
 Lord Pigot has heaped on me I made no opposition, but have 
 made my representation to the Company in hopes of their 
 justice ..." 
 
 [Autograph cipher, 4 pp., flscjj.] 
 
 [Enclosure.] — " Translation of a letter from H.H. the Nabob 
 to Governor Stratton, dated 14 Rajib, 1190 Hegira, or 29th 
 August, 1776. 
 
 " I have been favoured with your letter dated 25th August, 
 1776, in which you inform me that the unconstitutional, violent 
 and illegal conduct of the late President, Lord Pigot, . . . 
 has reduced the Majority of the Council ... to put the said 
 President into arrest . . . Your assurances to me in your letter 
 of the friendship and protection of the Company made me 
 very hapjjy. As to the conduct of Lord Pigot and those 
 gentlemen who supported him, it is uimccessary for me to say 
 any more. The situation into which his Lordship has fallen 
 in consequence of his own conduct awakes my remembrance 
 of his former services, and makes me forget much of what has 
 
No. 301.] 298 
 
 lately past. It is sufficient that I made my representations 
 by letter to him and to the Governor General. In these letters 
 the King, the Parliament, the Company and the English nation 
 will read my sufferings and the injuries which their honor has 
 suffered in the treatment I have met with ... As I have 
 neither a right nor a disposition to interfere in your affairs, 
 what can I say more than that I am ready with all my ability 
 and force to unite with you in promoting the Company's interest 
 and the welfare of the Carnatick ? . . . I am devoted by all 
 means to the good and assistance of the English. With what 
 happiness then do I rely on your declaration of your firm 
 resolution to shew me every mark of attention, respect and 
 support. 
 
 " What can I say more ? " 
 
 m PP'> flscp.] 
 
 [No. 302.] 
 Charles Floyer'^' to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1776, September 25th, Fort St. George. — " The news now 
 conveyed to England by His Majesty's sloop the Swallow to 
 Suez, and from thence by land, are of so serious a nature as to 
 require the inmiediate attention of the Court of Directors, the 
 Court of Proprietors and of the Ministry itself. They relate 
 solely to this Presidency, and must be deemed the more 
 important as they contain matters for which no precedent can 
 be traced amongst the Company's records.*-' In short, my 
 dear Sir, the minion of the public, and the Governor, nominated 
 in so distinguished a manner (Lord Pigot) by a Court of 
 Proprietors, has proved the greatest tyrant 3^ou can possibly 
 conceive, not only in his avowed principles of government, but 
 in the most injurious, most oppressive and most illegal measures 
 he has pursued in his attempts to subvert the constitutional 
 rights of our nation and of the East India Company, and in 
 making every thing subservient to his private interests in direct 
 breach of his trust and of the positive orders of the Company. 
 To enumerate a tenth part of the outrageous acts he has com- 
 mitted would require much more time than the present dis- 
 patch affords me : permit me therefore to refer you to my 
 brother, whom I have desired to wait upon you with a particular 
 relation of the most important parts of our transactions, by 
 which you will perceive that the Majority of Council . . . 
 has been reduced to the very disagreable necessity of causing 
 the person of Lord Pigot to be arrested, and of suspending 
 Messrs. Russell, Dalrymple and Stone from the service . . . 
 
 " His liOrdship's grand and favorite object was the restoration 
 of the Rajah of Tan j ore, and the rock on which he and his 
 associates split. That his Lordship came to India at his 
 
 (1) Vide No. 8-1, p. iV.i. note 0. 
 
 '2) Tho HuI)version of Mr. Foxcroft's Goveruincnl hy Sir Edward Wintor in 1()($5 
 presents points of resemblance. 
 
299 [No. 302. 
 
 advanced time of life merely to enforce the orders of the 
 Company on that subject without ha^■ing in view his private 
 interest also I believe cannot be supposed even 1)}' his warmest 
 friends. He had a most extensive field for the gratification 
 of every wish. It was the restoring in his single person a King, 
 dispossessed of his country and reduced to a state of oblivion 
 and obscurity, to a throne. This was the man destined to 
 look up to his restorer as his demi-god, and from whom alone 
 he could expect the future blessings of this life. And in order 
 to effect so favorite a point his Lordship . . . proceeded to 
 Tanjore to execute singly the orders of the Company. Hence 
 originated all the evils lately experienced . . , as well from his 
 conduct during and after his public transactions there as from 
 his indecent behavior towards the Nabob, who was doomed to 
 fall a victim to the support his Lordship had determined to give 
 to the Rajah ... If we very early conceived suspicions of his 
 Lordship's self-interested motives . . . , the event must prove 
 such suspicions were not groundless, for Mr. Benfield has 
 addressed a letter to the Board . . . wherein he charges Lord 
 Pigot with having received presents in plate, jewels and money 
 to a very considerable amount from Indian Princes ; and that 
 having obtained undoubted proofs thereof, he is determined 
 to commence prosecutions against him for a breach of the late 
 Act of Parliament. The charge, I fear, is too true ; and if 
 public report is to be credited, the sum amounts to between 
 three and four hundred thousand pounds. 
 
 " In confidence to you, my dear Sir, ... I shall now inform 
 you of his Lordship's supposed plan, and which has, in my 
 opinion, been so strongly corroborated by his late conduct . . . 
 that I frankly confess I believe it to be true. The greatest part 
 of the above enormous sum was to come from Tanjore. A 
 Resident therefore . . . was to be appointed at the Rajah's 
 Court, and that Resident insisted upon by his Lordship to be 
 only his friend Mr. Russell, who W'as to marry the youngest 
 Miss Pigot (a child of sixteen years of age) ; to have as large a 
 fortune with her as had been given to Mr. Monckton with the 
 eldest daughter (at least £20,000) ; to receive for his Lordship 
 the ballanee due to him from the Tanjore country ; to wait the 
 departure of Messrs. Stratton and Brooke, who had determined 
 to go to Europe . . ., when Mr. Russell becoming second of 
 Council, his Lordship was to embark upon the very next ship 
 for Europe, leaving the Government to his friend and son-in-law. 
 The other son-in-law (Mr. Monckton, w^ho has very handsomely 
 availed himself of his relationship to a Governor) and his lady 
 were to have accompanied the father to Europe. No bad plan, 
 I think, for all the parties concerned. But unfortunately for 
 them it has failed in all its points : — Vide the violent efforts 
 of the Minority to send Russell to Tanjore ; the obstacles they 
 threw in the way of . . . the Committee of Circuit ... of 
 which Committee Messrs. Russell and Dairy mple were nominated 
 
No. 302.] 300 
 
 members from home ; and the last violent effort attempted 
 by Lord Pigot to suspend Messrs. Stratton and Brooke from 
 the service, who were the only two members between Mr. 
 Russell and the Chair." 
 
 The Majority having protested against this suspension as 
 illegal, the Minorit}' reassembled, suspended their remaining 
 opponents, and appointed Colonel Stuart Commander-in-Chief. 
 " We therefore did assert our rights as a Majority, and causing 
 Lord Pigot to be arrested, we assumed the government of the 
 Company's affairs on the day following (the 24th August), and 
 suspended Lord Pigot from being President of the Council, 
 and Messrs. Russell, Dalrymple, Stone and Lathom from the 
 Company's service . . . The last named gentleman, although 
 he had been arrived at Madrass twelve days before this happened, 
 in his way to the Committee of Circuit, had never attended a 
 single Council untill the day on which we were all suspended : 
 and finding he concurred in the unanimous resolutions of . . . 
 the Minority . . ., we included him also in the list of suspended 
 members . . . 
 
 " Of the rectitude of the cause I have been under the absolute 
 necessity of espousing ... I am under no apprehension . . . 
 I am well aware that the circumstance of arresting Lord Pigot 
 will be represented in the strongest colours by his friends at 
 home, and that it will at first operate strongly in his favor, 
 because it is an event for which there is no precedent abroad. 
 But when, among the many other reasons assigned in the 
 narrative to my brother, ... as well as those more fully stated 
 in our address to the Court of Directors, we consider . . . the 
 very violent and uncontroulable disposition of Lord Pigot, who 
 had so deep a stake, and his having a military commission as 
 Commander-in-Chief of the military forces within the garrison 
 of Fort St. George and the Black Town, I am led to hope those 
 reasons will sufficiently evince the absolute necessity of arresting 
 his person as a previous step to the Majority's resuming the 
 Government . . . Had the Majority contented themselves 
 with merely suspending his Lordship from the Government, 
 an insurrection must have ensued . . . and the loss of many 
 lives would certainly have been the consequence, and Lord 
 Pigot's amongst them, for he never would have yielded to an}' 
 power ; whereas by the measures which were taken not a man 
 was seen under arms, and the Government was as peaceable 
 and quiet from the day we resumed it as if nothing had happened, 
 excepting a remonstrance which was signed and sent to us from 
 some of the youngest civil servants of the Company, headed by 
 his Lordship's son-in-law, Mr. Monckton, and two or three 
 Senior Merchants ... 
 
 " As for his Lordship, it is only the name of an arrest, for he 
 is lodged in the house of Major Home, who commands the 
 artillery at the Mount and who has an order to treat him with 
 all possible respect and attention. The houses at the Mount 
 
301 [No. 302. 
 
 are filled with his sons-in-law, his daughters and a tribe of his 
 followers ; people of all denominations visiting him daily ; and 
 he has the whole IMonnt for his range of cxereise and amusement. 
 He wishes, naturally enough, to return as Governor to his Fort, 
 and has frequently declared to the troops that he would put 
 himself at the head of them and mareh them into it. 
 
 " This, my dear Sir, is in few words the real matter of fact. 
 If you shall find I have acted upon fair, honest and constitutional 
 grounds in my small attempts to crush tyranny and oppression, 
 I hope I shall meet from the Company, from you and my other 
 friends those tokens of approbation which alone can relieve 
 my mind from the very great uneasiness I labor under . . ." 
 
 " Charles Floyer." 
 
 [Holograph, 10| 2)P; 4/o.] 
 
 [No. 303.] 
 Sir Edw[ar]d Hughes to Rob[er]t Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1776, September 26th, Madras. Received 28th April, 
 1777. — " I was not only obliged to go last year to Bombay to 
 dock and refitt, but it was the seat of business, and all India 
 wished me there with the squadron to assist in reconciling their 
 disputes with the Mharattas, which were terminated before I left 
 again by a treaty concluded at Poonah between the Mharatta 
 Ministers and that Presidency, for the effecting of which the 
 presence of the squadron proved very usefull ... I hope the 
 measure will be approved at home, for I can assure you . . . 
 that we took by much the weakest side. 
 
 " Your nephew is a very clever lad, and has learned both 
 practice and theory of his profession much as could be expected. 
 He does the duty of midshipman now, and I flatter myself will 
 do very well, though, as is the case with most young people, 
 he is a little pickle, and [I] am obliged to look very sharp after 
 him, which I will do for your sake. He [is] sometimes with 
 Captain Baker on shore, but not too often : that would ruin all. 
 
 " You might well be apprehensive of the orders brought out 
 by Lord Pigot deeply affecting His Highness ; yet the Gentlemen 
 at Bengal, to whom he has appealed, find most fault with the 
 carrying them into execution, of the manner of which the Nabob 
 loudly complains, as you will find. The consequence of that 
 and other steps at the Board has brought about a strange 
 revolution. The Gentlemen of what is said to be the Majority 
 have possessed themselves of the Government, laid a restraint 
 on liOrd Pigot l)y seizing on the person of his Lordship and 
 sending him to the Mount, where the Train of the Company 
 is stationed, and his Lordship remains under the care of Major 
 Home. Both parties have appealed to me, both declaring they 
 are the legal Government. The only line of conduct I thought 
 my self qualified to take has been that of not })retending to 
 determine that of which I am not a competent judge, but giving 
 the assistance of the ships under my command where I see the 
 
No. 303.] 302 
 
 power is of carrying on the Company's service and benefit of 
 the nation. They have also appealed to the Supreme Council, 
 and their determination is eagerly expected . . . 
 
 " His Lordship claimed the protection of the King's colours, 
 which [claim], from some circumstances that happened, I thought 
 necessary to make of the Board, who did not think proper to 
 part with his Lordship from under their authority ; and so 
 the matters stands, except his Lordship haveing farther offered 
 for reason a design being formed to take away his life, but which 
 has not gained any credit and said to have been in agitation 
 nine months ago. If so, why was it not discovered before ? . . . 
 
 " I am glad you assist Mr. Macleane. It is my opinion, had 
 that gentleman been at home sooner, the orders respecting 
 Tanjore had ne'er been obtained. A Company's garrison in 
 the place and the country to remain with the Nabob is, in my 
 opinion, most for the benefit of nation and Company, for I am 
 sure he will ever remain their fast friend notwithstanding 
 the many distresses daily, I may say, imposed on him. It is 
 much to be lamented that no express or written treaty has ever 
 been concluded between the Nabob and the Company. It has 
 been recommended in the letters of last year from Bengal to 
 the Court of Directors, but [it] is doubted whether it can be 
 properly effected by that Government without their authority. 
 But he will be firmly supported in his just rights, and effectually, 
 till their orders can be received for the application of a lasting 
 treaty. I see no fault to be found in giving up Tanjore to the 
 Nabob. The servants of the Company should, in my opinion, 
 have insisted on a Company's garrison, . . . though I believe 
 nothing of his aiming at independancy : on the contrary, that 
 it is the farthest from his thoughts. 
 
 " I expect to be relieved in May and to see you some time 
 next year : — I think [by] Sir E. Vernon most likely. I shall 
 then compleat four years absence, and Lady Hughes will agree 
 with me that [is] long enough. I hope the troubles in America 
 will be ended ere that. God knows 'tis dreadfull in every 
 shape. 
 
 " Oh, I wish it was in my power to give your attorneys bills ; 
 but our wants for so few people are so few also, it makes it 
 impossil)le. They tell me there is not nuich to remitt. 
 
 " I am, with best respects to Mrs. Palk and compliments to 
 the Bretts, 
 
 " EuwD. Hughes." 
 
 [Holograph, 8 jjp-, 4/o.] 
 
 [No. 304.] 
 
 John d'Fries to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1776, September 26th, Madras. — " This is to inclose you the 
 declaration of Captain Randall against the Nabol:)'s son Amir 
 ul Omrah, which at a distance must injure his character, more 
 
303 [No. 304. 
 
 particularly so as he bears an unfavorable one already in 
 England. Captain Randall is a bad character, and little credit 
 is given to his information here. No advices yet from Bengal 
 since the revolution. I send you also Mr. Russell's declaration 
 regarding himself of what passed on the 24th August . . . 
 
 " Several affidavits have been made within these two or 
 three days which greatly invalidates Captain Randall." 
 
 " John d'Frtes." 
 
 [Autograph, 1 p., Ito. Duplicate] 
 
 [Enclosures. Besides Randall's declaration, two other affidavits 
 ha\e been found which appear to have been forwarded by d'Fries 
 with this or a subsequent letter. Russell's declaration has not 
 been traced.] 
 
 No. 1. 1776, September 15th. Copy of deposition before the 
 Mayor by William Randall, now or late Captain in the service 
 of the Nawab, and Aide de Camp to his son Amir-ul-Umara. 
 The latter frequently instigated deponent to murder Lord 
 Pigot, and proposed to engage Benfield's dubash, Comaroo, 
 to aid him. Deponent visited Comaroo, who was acquainted 
 with the Prince's design. Amir-ul-Umara has also pressed 
 deponent to go to England and expose the weakness of character 
 of his elder ])rother Umdat-ul-Umara in view to the succession 
 devolving on himself. Sworn before John Turing'^', Mayor. 
 
 No. 2. 1776, September 21st.^ — Copy of deposition before the 
 Mayor by Samuel Mills, late Lieutenant in the service of Amir- 
 ul-Umara. William Randall told deponent, with whom he lived, 
 that he had a plan for making his fortune. He wrote a paper, 
 which he took first to Lord Pigot at the Mount, then to the 
 Mayor, and afterwards showed to deponent. Subsequently 
 Randall received letters and money from Mr. Monckton. Sworn 
 before John Turing, Mayor. 
 
 No. 3. 1776, September 26th. — Copy of deposition by Edward 
 Monckton. On going to his house at the Mount for dinner at 
 1 p.m. on the 15th September, deponent found Captain Randall 
 among the guests. Randall showed deponent a written state- 
 ment which he wished to make on oath. Next morning Randall 
 brought the paper duly attested, and said that he had resigned the 
 Nawab's service, and that Lord Pigot had promised to befriend 
 him and pay his passage to England. He asked for a loan of 
 Pags. 600, which deponent provided. Sworn in Court before 
 James Taylor'^), Registrar. 
 
 [3 sheets, flscp.] 
 
 [No. 305.] 
 
 CnocArAH to the Honble Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1776, October 1st, Fort St. George. — I hear that Captain 
 Randall, an officer in the Nawab's service, has declared on oath 
 
 <1) Vide No. 214, p. 221, note 2. 
 
 \2) James Tavlor, a civil servant of 1764, 
 
No. 305.] 304 
 
 before the Mayor that " Mudar Mulk, the Nabob's second son," 
 instigated him to murder Lord Pigot by poison or otherwise, 
 and promised him the aid of Comaroo, Benfield's dubash. 
 
 " Chocapah." 
 [Autograph, 2h pp., 4/o.] 
 
 [No. 306.] 
 Henry Brooke to Robert Palk, Esqr., London. 
 
 1776, October 2nd, Fort St. George. — " You will be surprized 
 at the news that you will hear on the arrival of the Company's 
 packet by this conveyance. The unhappy division which has 
 prevailed in our Council . . . and the put[t]ing Lord Pigot 
 under an arrest is of such importance that I have wrote a short 
 account of it to Mr. Roberts'^', Chairman at the India House, 
 in two letters, copies of both which I have transmitted to my 
 brother Thomas Brooke in Charles Street, St. James's, London, 
 to both of which I beg leave to refer you." 
 
 " Henry Brooke." 
 
 [Holograph, 1 p., 4/o.] 
 
 [No. 307.] 
 George Baker to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1776, October 6th, Fort St. George. — Owing to the unsettled 
 state of public affairs I am obliged to relinquish my duties as 
 your attorney, but my resignation should cause no incon- 
 venience to your other attorneys here. 
 
 The Minority in the recent revolution included Lathom, Chief 
 of Cuddalore, who came up to join the Circuit Committee. 
 " He did not take his seat at the Board till a, day or two before 
 the event of the 24th of August, so that he came in just time 
 enough (as it were) to be suspended. I am sorry for him. He 
 is a good man, and means ivell at least. 
 
 " Sir Robert Fletcher has been ill for some months past of 
 a decline, and for the last week it has been said that he will go 
 to the Cape for the recovery of his health. Apartments, are 
 kept for him and I^ady Fletcher on board the Greenwich, but 
 it is thouglit by some that the late favorable accounts from the 
 Supreme | Government] may induce him to put off his voyage. 
 
 " Binfield is just retiu'ned from Tanjore, where he went to 
 recover his money by virtue of a recommendatory letter from 
 the Board to the Rajah. The King . . . denyes owing him 
 any thing. Binfield being chagrined, was rude and insolent, 
 and left the King aliruptly. One part of Binfield's busyness 
 was to have ])rocured proof there of Lord Pigot's vcnallity, 
 but it does not appear that he has succeeded. He has long 
 threatened him with a prosecution on that score, and if he can 
 
 (I) John Hobcrls was Chairman in 177(5, 
 
305 [No. 307. 
 
 find ground to go on, I am perswaded will not spare him, haveing 
 repeatedly declared that he will spend one hundred thousand 
 pounds to obtain satisfaction of him . . ." 
 
 " George Baker." 
 [Holograph, 5 j^P-, -ito.] 
 
 [No. 308.] 
 II. H. the Nawab Walajah to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1776, October 8th, Chepauck. — " My letter that goes to you 
 herewith will inform you of the situation of my affairs. You 
 may recollect that at the time the treaty was made by Lord 
 Pigot with the Rajah of Tanjore in 1762, when you. General 
 Lawrence, Mr. Bourchier and Colonel Call were at Madrass, I 
 complained to you and General Lawrence that it was contrary 
 to my inclination that the treaty was made ; that I had told 
 his Lordship so, and had refused to subscribe to it ; but that 
 he put a pen in my hand and obliged me to sign it, and also 
 took my Chop'^' and put it with his own hand to the treaty. 
 I hope that . . . you will declare this circvmistance to every 
 body, as it will shew how unjust his Lordship's conduct has 
 been. He made a large fortune and went home ; but not 
 content, he has returned to India to pursue his private interests 
 and to make another fortune by repeating his ill treatment 
 to me. 
 
 " What can I say more ? " 
 
 [1 p., flscp. The outer cover is addressed in both English and 
 Persian character. Its ivax seal bears the NawaVs titles in 
 Persian.] 
 
 [No. 309.] 
 Prince Amir-ul-Umara to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1776, October 9th, Chepauk. — " Though I have not had the 
 pleasure of a correspondence with you, I am very sensible of 
 your great friendship for my father when you were in this 
 country, and of the assistance you give Colonel Macleane . . . 
 You'll see by my father's letter to you, as w^ell as from the 
 representations of Colonel Macleane, how things are situated 
 here, and the troubles that his Lordship has occasioned in my 
 father's rights and country. We have great hopes from your 
 assistance. Your letter to Sir Edward Hughes rejoiced my 
 father's heart. W"e have had great support from our mutual 
 friend Mr. Hastings. I give as much assistance as is in my 
 power to your attorney, Mr. de Vries . . ." 
 
 " What can I say more ? " 
 
 [1 p., flscp. Nawab's cipher.] 
 
 (V Vide No. 293, p. 284, note J, 
 
 V 
 
306 
 
 [No. 310.] 
 
 John d'Fries to Robert Palk, Esqr. 
 
 1776, October 10th, Madras. — " This goes by the Sti-allow, 
 which is to put the letters ashore at Suez, to be forwarded from 
 thence to Grand Cairo and Alexandria and so to Europe, and 
 may probably be the first advice that you will receive of the 
 revolution that happened in the Government of this Settlement 
 on the 24th of August last. Mr. Dairy mple goes with Lord 
 Pigot's packet, and Colonel Capper with the Nabob's, by whom 
 I send this. 
 
 " The measures pursued by Lord Pigot in the surrender of 
 Tanjore to the Rajah and the total disregard paid to the interest 
 of individuals (English and others) who had a very large amount 
 to receive there by assignment from the Nabob, caused a very 
 great discontent in the Settlement as well as a disgust in the 
 Nabob, and occasioned a strong opposition in Council against 
 his Lordship, who had on his side Messrs. Russell, Dalrymple 
 and Stone ; the Majority consisting of Messrs. Stratton, Sir 
 Robert Fletcher, Brooke, Floyer, Palmer, Jourdan and Mackay. 
 After a contest of three months the grand point of dispute 
 became that Mr. Russell, who had been appointed, by the casting 
 vote of the President only. Resident at Tanjore, was afterwards 
 named on the Committee of Circuit. Colonel Stuart was to be 
 Commandant at Tanjore. Lord Pigot refused absolutely 
 signing to his instructions, which were drawn out, without Mr. 
 Russell was permit[t]ed to go to Tanjore for a few days at least. 
 This brought matters to a crisis. Lord Pigot by a finess 
 suspended Messrs. Stratton and Brooke the 22nd, which gave 
 to his party the majority, as he called in the next day Mr. 
 Lathom to Council, who has come down from Cuddalore to 
 proceed on the Circuit. 
 
 " Mr. Stratton's party would not admit that they were 
 suspended, and on the 23rd met themselves as a Board ; and, 
 as the legal representatives of the Company, signified a protest 
 to Lord Pigot and his party, who thereupon suspended the rest 
 of them and put Sir Robert Fletcher under an arrest. This 
 drove them to the extremity on the next [day], the 24th, of 
 seizing on Lord Pigot, who was carried to the Mount, and is 
 kept there \mder guard of the Artillery commanded by Major 
 Hornc. Messrs. Russell, Dalrymple, Stone and Lathom [were] 
 suspended . . . 
 
 " We are in daily expectation of hearing from Bengal the 
 opinion of the Supreme Council hereon. In their resolutions 
 of the 7th August they disapproved entirely of Lord Pigot's 
 conduct towards the Nabob and of his proceedings in the 
 surrender of Tanjore . . . It will be of the utmost consequence 
 that the Company's determination of this important subject 
 be proper, considerate and impartial, as the future well-being 
 of this very considerable Colony and their good correspondence 
 
307 [No. 310. 
 
 with the Nabob will entirely depend thereon . . . The most 
 essential thing for the Company as well as the pnbliek is that 
 there be always a good understanding subsisting between their 
 Administration here and the Nabob, who should be used with 
 proper respect, and not slighted and irritated. We have raised 
 him ourselves to what he is, and to think now of treating him 
 as we did twenty years ago will be neither just nor judicious. 
 He is too sensible of his own consequence ; but I do believe that 
 he is a sincere friend of the English. His own good sense will 
 lead him to be so. 
 
 " The choice of persons to conduct the Company's affairs 
 here should be made with the greatest care and attention to 
 their abilities and characters, as much depends on a vigorous, 
 well conducted Administration. A line should be drawn of 
 the extent of the powers of a Governor and that of a majority of 
 his Council, as different opinions are held thereon by the different 
 partys. In those troubles at Bengal during Mr. Vansittart's 
 government nothing but his incomparable mildness of temper 
 prevented things running into extremities. And it should be 
 clearly pointed out whether the military power should at any 
 time interfere in disputes of the civil government, as the not 
 determining it very clearly may leave a door open to dangerous 
 proceedings hereafter. 
 
 " We are quiet in these parts. Although a peace has been 
 made many months ago betw^een the Presidency of Bombay 
 and the Morattas, yet there don't seem to be much cordiality 
 subsisting. Trade is almost ruined all over India. The scarcity 
 of specie is much felt here : the exportation continues as great as 
 ever both to China and Europe . . ." 
 
 " John d'Fries." 
 
 [P.S.] — " The Supreme Council have unanimously approved 
 of the act of the Majority, and promise their support, acknow- 
 ledging them to be the legal representatives of the Company." 
 
 [Autograph, 4 pp., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 311.] 
 
 George Baker to Robert Palk, Esq. 
 
 1776, October 14th, Fort St. George. — " Since I closed my 
 last Lord Pigot has put Sir R. Fletcher into our Mayor's Court 
 for two hundred thousand pounds damages, and required 
 security for that sum ere he leaves the Settlement, which he 
 was about to do for the recovery of [lis health at the Cape. The 
 Court have accepted bail for ten thousand pounds only, and Sir 
 Robert and Lady Fletcher go on the Greenwich. Report says 
 that Miss Pybus"> is to be marryed to Captain Lysaght . . . 
 Mr. R. Adams dyed about six weeks since, worth near two lacks 
 of pagodas. Colonel Monson has been long dangerously ill . . . 
 
 (1) Cf. No. 293, V- 28G, note ], 
 
No. 311.] 308 
 
 " I have made no comment on the narrative sent you. Were 
 I to do so, it would be some thing Hke what follows : — The spirit 
 of liberty within these few years spreading and thriveing 
 throughout the British dominions extended itself even here, 
 and this at the time of a lax and weak government. People, 
 at least some of the Council, dreaded a restraint under Lord 
 Pigot's government which they had not been for a long time 
 used to . . . The orders he came to execute as to the 
 restoration of the King of Tan j ore alarmed those who had lent 
 money to the Nabob on his assignment of the produce of parts 
 of that country. The Settlement, it is said, had lent him on such 
 assignments (called Tankas) some fifteen lacks of pagodas, 
 which if they could not recover by virtue thereof, they had no 
 one to look to for it but the Nabob ; and he told them that 
 they haveing accepted of those assignments as their security, 
 they were to look to that and not to him for payment. So that 
 it became their joynt interest either not to restore the country 
 to the King, or restore it only on condition of its being saddled 
 with the payment of that sum of money . . . And this, in 
 the opinion of many, was the principal private motive for oppos- 
 ing Lord Pigot's measures, though it was not the avowed one. 
 
 " This being the case, the Opposition chose the best grounds 
 of argument that offered in a course of long altercation, kept up 
 perhaps for the very purpose of involveing Lord Pigot in 
 inextricable difficultyes, or to compel him to submit to the 
 government of a majority against him, which I suppose his 
 spirit could but ill brook, and which I believe brought things 
 and persons to the state they are now in." Lord Pigot, moreover, 
 failed to cultivate a good understanding with the Supreme 
 Council, while the members of the Majority corresponded 
 privately with Bengal and ascertained how far they might expect 
 support. " The restoration of the Rajah of Tanjore on terms 
 precluding those from the prospect of recovering it who had lent 
 the Nabob money on that country was to this Settlement a 
 most unpopular measure, and such as rendered the supporters 
 of it odious. Those who opposed it were of course dubbed 
 patriots, though perhaps done for their own sakes . . ." 
 
 " George Baker." 
 
 [Autograph, 3^^ pp., flscp. Some corrections have been made 
 in the spelling.'] 
 
 [No. 312.] 
 John d'Fries to RoiiERT Palk, Esq. 
 
 1776, October 15th, Madras.—" The Supreme Council have 
 entirely approved of the conduct of the Majority of Council, 
 and have promised them their support . . . The business 
 must now be finally determined in Europe. It will not do for 
 his Lordship to preside here again. 
 
 " Colonel Monson dyed the beginning of this month, which 
 
309 [No. 312. 
 
 will leave Mr. Hastings with a clear majority. Sir Robert 
 Fletcher embarks ou the Greenwich for the Cape, but there is 
 very little hopes of his life. He has given bail for 10,000/. to 
 answer suit, my Lord Pigot having entered an action in the 
 Mayor's Court for two hundred thousand /. damages against 
 him. 
 
 " Mr. Baker has wrote us a letter signifying that from ill 
 health he is obliged to relinquish the charge of your affairs. 
 Mr. Stone is gone to the Mount to live, to be nearer Lord 
 Pigot ..." 
 
 " John d'Fries." 
 
 [^Autograph, 2 pp., 4/o.] 
 
 [No. 313]. 
 Edm[un]d Veale Lane to Robert Palk, Esq. 
 
 1776, December 17th, Salsette. Received 28th July, 1777.— 
 " I wrote to you in my last of the peace which the Supremes had 
 concluded with the Ministerial Party of the Morattahs, and that 
 they had compelled the Governor and Council to break their 
 engagements to Ragonath Row (or Ragobah). It was owing 
 entirel}' to an accident the Treaty was in any shape complied 
 with by the Ministers ; for had not Sudabah,'^* a first cousin 
 of Ragobah's, got released from confinement and very near 
 wrested the government from them, Colonel Upton might have 
 returned to Calcutta without having an article of the Treaty 
 fulfilled. But on Sudabah's success, being apprehensive we 
 should join him, the Ministers made good most of the cessions 
 stipulated for, though they had either refused or evaded to do 
 it for some months before. Notwithstanding this good fortune 
 at first, poor Sudabah was at last betrayed by some of his 
 people, and taken prisoner by Madjee Scindy,*-* one of the 
 Ministerial Generals. 
 
 " Ragobah, who had resided at Surat ever since our leaving 
 him, finding his relation out of prison, and a promising prospect 
 of success, left that place and made the best of his way towards 
 Basein in order to join Sudabah. But when the misfortune 
 just now mentioned happened, Ragobah was so hard pushed as 
 to be obliged to take shelter on board one of the Company's 
 vessels, and is now safe at Bombay. 
 
 "It is now said the officer who took Sudabah prisoner has 
 declared for him, and means to make him Vizier to the young 
 child, and that Ragobah has in consequence been invited to 
 return to Poonah. However, it is believed by most to be only 
 a finesse of the Ministers to get Ragobah into their hands. Be 
 it as it will, I wish most sincerely there was an end to the dispute. 
 Were the Presidency of Bombay once more permitted to inter- 
 fere, it would soon terminate to our advantage ; but as that 
 
 (1) Vide Xo. 29n, p. 281, note 1. 
 
 (2) Mahadaji JSindia. 
 
No. 313.] 310 
 
 seems to be very uncertain, if not improbable, I fear the present 
 possessors of the Morattah government will continue in power, 
 which if the case, we shall ever have a most inveterate enemy 
 near us, that will lay wait for the first opportunity that offers 
 to injure the Company . . . 
 
 " As General Carnac'^' is appointed to be our Governor on 
 the resignation of Mr. Hornby, I shall think myself greatly 
 favoured could you . . . procure me a letter of recommendation 
 to him from some of his friends . . ." 
 
 " Edmd. Veale Lane." 
 
 [Holograph, 4 pp. 4fo.] 
 
 [No. 314.] 
 Chocapah to the Honble. Robert Palk, Esq. 
 
 1777, January 20th, Fort St. George. — I hear that Mr. 
 Benfield, obtaining no satisfaction for the tanka given him by 
 the Nawab on Tanjore, appealed to the Council, but received 
 no support. " Upon which, on the 24th October last, Mr. Ben- 
 field went to the Nabob's cutchery, where he made [a] great 
 noise, and stayed there from 8 o'clock in the morning to 8 at 
 night without taking any victuals nor drink, and said that he 
 would not go from the door without the Nabob give him some 
 proper manner of satisfaction to his money ; and the Nabob 
 sat with him so long without victuals, and at last told Mr. 
 Benfield that he will appoint Mr. Mackay, Mr. Macpherson, 
 Cojah Ashum Cawn*-* and another Moorman to settle his accounts 
 . . , but not a word of Tanaca money of Tanjore . . . 
 
 " Mr. Stratton and the Gentlemen at the Fort affixed an 
 advertisement at the gates, giving notice that they are willing 
 to receive sealed proposals untill the loth of PVbruary next 
 (though the Cowles expire the 31st July next, which is about 
 Sg months more) for farming the Beetle and Tabacoa Farm, 
 Arrack and Toddy Farm, Ruby Brokerage, Paddy Field and 
 Salt Pans, Trivatore, Egmore, Perembore and St. Thoma," 
 and also the Fort St. David farms, for five, eight or ten years ; 
 but it seems doubtful whether the acceptance of tenders by a 
 self-constituted Government will be valid. Lord Pigot was 
 
 (1) John Carnac came to India in 1751 at the age of 38 as a subaltern in Adler- 
 cron's Regiment, and three years later joined tlie Company's forces with a step of 
 rank. In 1760 Major Cai-nac succeeded Caillaud in command of tlic army at Patua, 
 and in tlie followinj,' year defoaled Ihe Mogul, who was aided hy a French contingent 
 un<l<T Jean Law. In I?!!.") ni-iLr.-Ocneral ("arnac worsted tlu> Maratlias, and in 17(37 
 n-signed the service, wont to luiglaiul and entered I'ai liaineut . Kelurning to India 
 in 1770, he was appointed a nieml)er of the Bombay Council. As a Field Deputy he 
 accompanied Egeiton's ill-fated expedition against the Marathas, and was dismissed 
 the service for his share in concluding the Convention of Wargaon in 1779. Camac 
 resided at Bombay until ISIM). when he visited Mahe for his health. On the 
 return voyage lie was seizetl with illness, and was landed at Mangalore, where he 
 died, aged 84 years. 
 
 (-' Khwaja Assam (yilashim) Khan, the Nawabs Diwan. In 17>sl lie was deputed 
 to Calcutta v.-ith Richard Sulivan to offer the assignment of Walajah's revenues 
 to the Company for the charges of the war with llaidar. 
 
311 [No. 311. 
 
 offered payment of his salary up to the 2-lth August, but refused 
 to accept it, as the amount was only part of what was due to 
 him. Tlic Council were obliged to break open the Treasury, 
 because the keys were in Lord Pigot's possession. His Lord- 
 ship is in good spirits, and we hope that orders for his reinstate- 
 ment will be received in due course. 
 
 Mr. Andrew Ross*^' having enquired of the Supreme Court of 
 Bengal whether the Board has power to convene Quarter 
 Sessions, the Chief Justice declined to give an opinion, but 
 authorized Mr. Stratton to hold sessions provisionally pending 
 receipt of orders from England. Mr. Turing, the late Mayor, 
 received a similar intimation regarding the Court of Mayor and 
 Aldermen. 
 
 Colonel Stuart has been seriously ill. Captain Lysaght is 
 transferred to Ganjam, and Major Sydenham succeeds him as 
 Town Major. " Mr. Russell made a grand entertainment of 
 cards and supper at the Mount," both at Christmas and on New 
 Year's Day, and put up a handsome pandal.''^^ Most of the 
 civil servants, some of the officers and the principal English 
 and Armenian residents were present. Mr. Stratton found 
 himself deserted on those occasions, as everyone went to visit 
 Lord Pigot. When Chippermall Chetty and I called on Mr. 
 Mackay we were refused admission by his chobdarsS^^ The 
 dubash said his master was displeased with me for visiting Lord 
 Pigot and supplying materials for Mr. Russell's pandal. The 
 Bombay Council have refused to acknowledge any Governor 
 here but Lord Pigot. A proposal to send his Lordship forcibly 
 to England was strongly supported by Colonel Stuart and Mr. 
 Mackay, but opposed by Mr. Stratton and the other members 
 of the Council. 
 
 The French have stopped work on the fortifications at Pondi- 
 cherry. The new Governor, M. Bellecombe, arrived there on 
 the 8th instant, and took charge from M. Law. Haidar Ali is 
 reported to have taken Cranganore, one of the Dutch settlements 
 on the Malabar Coast, and to be preparing to attack the Rajas 
 of Cochin and Travancore. The latter expect assistance from 
 the Dutch at Colombo. Haidar, having made a prisoner of 
 Morari Rao and seized territory on this side of the Kistna, will 
 be opposed by Nizam Ali as well as by the whole power of the 
 Marathas. 
 
 Mr. Macpherson**' is about to sail for England in the Lioness. 
 Mr. Brooke desired to depart likewise, but was refused leave 
 by his colleagues in Council. Colonel Stuart will go shortly to 
 Tanjore, where the Raja expects little consideration from him. 
 
 " Chocapah." 
 
 [Autograph, 13 pp., 4to.] 
 
 <1> Vide No. 28, p. 46, not.- 1. 
 
 (2) Pandal, an open shed, draped pavilion. 
 
 (>*) Chobdar, bearer of a (silver) staff. 
 
 (*) John Macpherson. T'trfc No. 27(i, j). 2tJ3, note 2. 
 
312 
 
 [No. 315.] 
 Sir Edw[ar]d Hughes to Rob[er]t Palk, Esq. 
 
 1777, February 6th, Madras. — " I returned the middle of last 
 month from Ceylon to this Presidency, where I find things much 
 in the same state I left them ; Lord Pigot still under restraint 
 at the Mount ; his Lordship, the Gentlemen in the Fort and the 
 Nabob all anxious to receive the determination of the Court of 
 Directors, which I fear cannot be before August. It seems there 
 was some steps taken at the Board to send Lord Pigot to England 
 in this ship, but overruled by a majority of two. The Nabob 
 very much averse to such a measure : indeed, as their differences 
 are referred to a Court of Directors, sure it is most proper his 
 Lordship should wait here the result. 
 
 " Nothing has arrived here since the Triton, nor do I expect 
 anything now sooner than May, when I have reason to believe the 
 ships will arrive to relieve me, and I shall be prepared to leave 
 India immediately. The Coventry has been at Mocha and 
 Judda, the Seahorse to China : both joined me again after 
 performing well the service I sent them upon. . . . 
 
 " I hope you and Mr. Macleane have succeeded in favour of 
 the Nabob. There is already an English garrison there,*^' to 
 which his Highness readily consents, but I hope the Company 
 will recall their former orders that took the country from him, 
 though the remark you make of our former labour and expence 
 is very just. Some plan may be settled to avoid the same 
 difficulties relative to the brothers*-' after the father's decease, 
 yet the Nabob at the same time may be satisfied. 
 
 " A new Governor has taken place at Pondichery, Major 
 Creneral Bellecombe. Mr. Law is not pleased at his immediate 
 remove from the Chair. There is also a new Intendant, and a 
 70-gun ship lent to the Company has just landed 100 men 
 from Mauritius. I conclude their operations in India will 
 depend much on what has passed last year in America. 
 
 " The death of Colonel Monson gave the majority to Mr. 
 Hastings, and, it is said from Bengal, has made many changes 
 by displacing some of the late appointments, establishing others, 
 and that the Company's affairs are carried on now chiefly on the 
 old plan. General Clavering has been very ill also, and though 
 clear of his fever and boils, much emaciated. This climate is 
 n(;t good for too great strain of the mind, what has, I am afraid, 
 attended the General ever since his arrival. It is probable a 
 greater number of members of that Council may be judged 
 necessary to provide against these casualties. 
 
 " Our friend Captain Baker is very well ; greatly displeased 
 with this late revolution in Government. He is nevertheless 
 carrying his water through the surf*'^' to supply the shipping, and 
 
 (1) At Tanjoro. 
 
 '21 Tlio quostion of succession as between llie brothers Umdat-ul-Uuiarri and 
 Aiiiir-til-riiiara. 
 
 (^) Baker engineered a pipe line througli the surf to deliver water to sliips outside. 
 
313 [No. 315. 
 
 hearty though he grows old. Mr. Stone is at the Mount with his 
 liordship. I would gladly assist them with bills for the money 
 you may have in their hands, but our demands at present for 
 the use of 600 men oidy are so small, very little is in my power." 
 
 " Edwd. Hughes." 
 [Holograph, G jjp., ito.] 
 
 [No. 316.] 
 George Baker to Robert Palk, Esq. 
 
 1777, February Gth, Fort St. George. Received 28th July. — 
 " Mr, Maepherson,'^' a gentleman well known (and in some degree 
 distinguished here, though of but little standing in the 
 Company's serviee) takes his passage on the Lijoness. He was 
 dismissed the service in Lord Pigot's Government for counselling 
 the Nabob to pursue measures incompatible with the Company's 
 interest ; and it is supposed he goes to England on account of 
 the Nabob to support his cause. Colonel Stuart sets out in a few 
 days for his command at Tan jour . . ." 
 
 " George Baker." 
 
 [Autograph, 2\ jjp., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 317.] 
 Tho[ma]s Palk to [Robert Palk, Esq.] 
 
 1777, February 6th, Madras. — " However unacceptable 
 information of this nature may prove, yet it is, Sir, nevertheless, 
 my indispensable duty to make known to you an event which 
 I dread will meet with your disapprobation, as well as a dis- 
 appointment to my father, etc. family ; but I must say that 
 it woidd most sensibly grieve me should any one action of my 
 life, though attending with the most perfect state of felicity to 
 
 myself, meet your disapprobation I have connected 
 
 myself to the family of Mr. Thomas Pelling'-' by marrying his 
 fourth daughter, Miss Catharine. With respect to her 
 aeeompli[sh]ments it would be absurd in me to sound forth, 
 but I must do her that justice to say that they are such as no 
 man would make the least objection to. On the 30th ultimo 
 our nuptials were celebrated . . ." 
 
 " Thos. Palk." 
 
 [Holograph, 2\ j)p., Uo.'\ 
 
 [No. 318.] 
 
 George Baker to Robert Palk, Esq. 
 
 1777, October 13th, Fort St. George. — " My last was per his 
 Majesty's ship Salishurij under date the 28th ultimo . . . 
 Johnson and Perring arrived here the 6th instant, Charles 
 
 <1) John Macpherson. Vide No. 270, p. 263, note 2. 
 (2) Vide No. 250, p. 247, note 1. 
 
No. 318.] 314 
 
 Smith'^' yesterday. Sir Edward Vernon sailed with his squadron 
 this morning for Trinconomaley and Bombay . . . Stone and 
 Russell go on the Egmont. Mr. Stratton and his colleagues stay 
 to take their tryal. They have been admit[t]ed to bail. . . 
 The new Government'^* have not yet entered on the disposition 
 of the chiefships or of the places of profit. ... I hope Perring 
 will not forget your nephew.'"' He has been put in mind of 
 him, and shows a disposition to serve him . . ." 
 
 " George Baker." 
 [Autograph, 2\ pp., Uo. Duplicate.] 
 
 [No. 319.] 
 Rob[er]t Palk, jun., to [Robert Palk, Esq.]. 
 
 [Enclosure in a missing letter of date below]. 
 
 1777, November 20th. — An account of remittances to England 
 by Robert Palk, jun., from 1771 to 1777, aggregating £57,429 
 2s. 7d. 
 
 [4 jjp., flscp.] 
 
 [No. 320.] 
 George Baker to Robert Palk, Esq. 
 
 1778, January 29th, Fort St. George. Received 11th x-iugust. 
 — " The last letter that I troubled you with was of the 13th 
 of last October per Egmont. . . Russell (who married Miss 
 Leonora Pigot the day before they imbarked) and Stone both 
 went on the Egmont . . . Messrs. Stratton and Brooke left 
 this early in December for Anjango, where they imbarked on 
 a small vessel the 31st of that month for Suez in their way to 
 Europe. Early in this month the Valantine, in her way hither 
 from Bengali, ran aground on the shoal between this and Pullicat, 
 from which she got off with difficulty after haveing thrown over 
 board the least valuable part of her cargoe, together with most 
 of her guns, and cutting away all her masts. She is now in this 
 road prepareing to sail for and dock at Bombay, from whence 
 she is expected to be here again some four, five or six months 
 hence to load for Europe ; when it is said Jourdan and Benfield 
 will take their passage on her thither. I hear nothing of Floyer 
 or Lathom's proceeding to Europe at present." Monckton and 
 his family and Colonel Ross,'"^* the Chief Engineer, are sailing for 
 England immediately. 
 
 " Messrs. J. Whitehill, C. Smith, S. Johnson and P. Perring, 
 constituteing our present Board of Government, go on calmly 
 
 (1) Charlps Smith, Hamuel Johnson and Peter Perring were members of the new 
 Council nominated by the Directors in June, 1777. 
 
 (2) Thomas T'alk, in whuin Pcii-iiifi;, as a Devonian, was iiilerested. 
 
 (:j) Patrick Ross was (•oiiuuissi( mod to the Royal Kn^^ineei's after <a year's previous 
 work witli the Royal Ai'lillery, and saw nuicli active service in tlie West Indies as 
 well as in India and at the Cape. In 1770 he joined the Company as Chief Engineer, 
 Madras, witli the rank of Lieut. -Colonel. To him Fort St. George owed its final 
 I'cfoi'm and completion. lie retired in 1802 when Major-General. 
 
 I 
 
315 [No. 320. 
 
 with the administration of pubhc affairs, though tlie empty 
 state of the Company's treasury has been rather an imbarrassing 
 circvniistance. But the Board haveing been successfull in a 
 deputation of Mr. Perriiig to the Rajah of Tanjore for antici- 
 pateing the payment of the annual four laeks, that circumstance 
 has set them afloat again . . . We really see the fortifica- 
 tions at the north east and south east angles of the town 
 carrying on briskly . . . 
 
 "Party still subsists in the Settlement . . . Mackay has 
 prosecuted Monckton for fifty thousand pound damages, as 
 haveing been a principal means of causeing what he calls an 
 illegal inquest being held on the body of Lord Pigot/^' by 
 which he (Mackay, etc.) were charged with a heinous crime 
 and put to much trouble and expence. It is said that the 
 coroner^-' is to be prosecuted apart and the jury joyntly for 
 what they call a conspiracy, the Judges at Bengali haveing 
 declared that the President and Council of Fort St. George 
 have no legal authority to appoint a coroner. 
 
 " Your nephew^ is appointed Paymaster of Chingleput, a 
 place equal to his expectations, and in obtaining which he must, 
 I am perswaded, have had Perring's interest . . . The 
 Nabob has lyquidated his new^ debt, which is said to amount to 
 some sixty or sixty-five lacks of pagodas, which is now become 
 a new consolidation, for payment of which his creditors have 
 received certain assignments of revenue. It is said there is 
 about five lack of the old debt unpaid. . . . 
 
 " I have just had a letter from Mr. R. Kennaway at Bengali 
 of the 31st ultimo, by which it appears he has been lately ill, 
 but is now recovered ; though by the advise of his friends he 
 intends to take a trip hither for the reestablishment of his 
 health. I expect him dayly, shall endeavor to accommodate 
 him while here, and make no doubt but (under God) the good 
 Doctor Pasley, with the pure air of Madrass, will soon confirm 
 him in his former state of health. Mr. J. Kennaway was well 
 in December last ... 
 
 " My affair*'^) continues still in an unsettled state. As 
 Rumbold**' is expected soon, I am willing to see if, on his 
 
 (IJ At an inquest held on the l>udy of Lord Pigot on the 11th May, 1777, the 
 jury Ijrought m a verdict of wilful murder against Stratton, Fletcher, Brooke, Floyer, 
 Palmer, Jourdan, Mackay, Stuart, Edington, Lysaght and Home. A case was 
 begun at the Quarter Sessions in September, but the proceedings were quashed in 
 November. 
 
 (2) Immediately after the revolution the Majority ordered the removal of George 
 Andrew Ram, a civil servant of 1767, from the office of Coroner, and appointed a 
 successor. Ram maintained that his supersession was illegal, and he held the 
 inquest on Lord Pigot. George Smith was the foreman of the jury. 
 
 (3) The water supply of the Fort, for which Baker had contracted in 1771. The 
 project embraced a pipe line from the ' Seven Wells,' north of Black Town, and 
 storage cisterns under the ramparts of Fort St. George. 
 
 (4) Thomas Rumbold entered the Madras civil service in 1752, but was trans- 
 ferred to the army. He served under Lawrence at Trichinopoly, accompanied Clive 
 to Calcutta and was wounded at Plassey. Reverting to the civil service, he sat in 
 the Bengal Covincil from 17(56 to 176!>, returned to England, entered Parliament, 
 and served as a Director of the Company from 1772 until he was appointed Governor 
 of Madras. He was created a baronet in 1779. 
 
No. 8*.»0.1 
 
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 (No. .r«.j 
 
 IUkER to H<»UKKT P.M.K. Km| 
 
 Fort St. < K.Tcivetl 5tb N niber.— 
 
 . amv«i hrir the l»cjririi»inff of Fe^";iry last. 
 
 an.! in a fair wav of Ixing rcstr.Ml to his 
 
 1! ts out to " .w on a vf ^^ V^"'' 
 
 i i'...k at Ch. It. . . . '•,^"^'^ 
 
 n (hv which ship thi< . • • arved here 
 
 » 
 
 M.ka.u-ux^>i 
 
317 [No. 322. 
 
 a few days sice from Bengali. . . . Mrs. Parry/^' Mrs. Hessman 
 and a Mrs. Saw were passengers on her for FAirope, but it is 
 said that Mr. Parry has some thoughts of staying here. . . . 
 Mr. and Mr> Flover and Colonel and Mrs. Ross take their 
 passages on br. . . . 
 
 '•' The Bes\\horough and Lord North, with Mr. Rumbold, 
 General MonDe,'-' Sir J. Day,'-^' etc., arrived here the 8th of 
 last month, d well. The Government being again established, 
 wc enjoy domstick quiet, and party resentment, it is to be hoped, 
 will in a reasnable time wear away. The new Governor being 
 of course buv, ... I have not yet had a proper opportunity 
 to speak to Im on my affair. Some thing must, however, be 
 finally resolvd on between this and next October. My state 
 of health an- time of life will not allow me to play with time 
 any longer. . . 
 
 " The Freeh, under the direction of Saint Luban,'^' have 
 hoisted theiicolours at Choul, a ])lacc you know on the sea 
 coast in the laratah dominions a little to the south of Bombay. 
 . . . The GNcrnmcnt of Bombay did some two months' 
 since apply t this Presidency for troops. The answer returned 
 was that the could take no step of that kind without the 
 approbation 'f the Government General, but that they would, 
 as they did, 'rite to Bengali on the subject. . . . 
 
 " The Coipany havcing ordered a Court of Encpiiry into 
 General Sturt's conduct respecting the late revolution here, 
 he, instead tercof, has requested an immediate court-martial 
 without that])revious formality ; but the Board, it is said, have 
 declined a omplyance with that request. . . . And it is 
 said that hissix months' suspension, which expired on the last 
 day of the ast month, is continued. . . . The General has 
 many friend in the army, that corps eousjderi ng him as theirs. 
 Major Horn. Captains Lysaght and Edington are ordered to 
 repair to thd^resideney. . . . While General Stuart's [conduct] 
 remains uniipeached at martial law, theirs (who acted under 
 his orders) lay perhaps be unimpeachable . . . (iod send a 
 speedy end t this unlucky business. . . ." 
 
 " George Baker." 
 
 [P.S.] — " 'his letter was wrote but a few hours when I 
 
 (1) Mrs. Parr n^e Emclia Vansittart. 
 
 '2) Major Geiral Hector Munro, Commander-in-Chief, Madra.s. Mum-o went 
 to India in 176 as Major of the 89tli Regiment, and three years later he won the 
 battle of Buxai In October, 1778, on the outbreak of war with France, he took 
 Pondicherry, f< which he received the knighthood of the Bath. His inertia, 
 however, in 17j^ contributed to the annihihition of Baillie's force by Haidar Ali, 
 and led to his on dismissal from the Company's service in 1782. 
 
 (•^) Sir John 'ay. Advocate General, Bengal, remained at Madras during the 
 inquiry into th>tauses of the late revolution. 
 
 '*) A person ilHng liimself the Chevalier dc St. Lubin, wlio professed to have 
 an intimate ki.wledge of Haidar Ali's plans, had been employed in 1708 as 
 intelligence ofti^r to the Field Deputies with Colonel Smith at Kolar. In May, 
 1777, he appeaxl at Poona as a genuine emissary from the King of France with 
 letters and giftfor the Peshwa. Nana Farnavis gave him the use of the port of 
 Chaul in returnor a promise of armed assistance, 
 
No. 322.] 
 
 318 
 
 accidentally heard that Mr. Monroe* i' (who was Paymaster of 
 Chinglepat at the time of the revolution in our Government, 
 but who had been dismissed the service by Mr. Stratton . . .) 
 had been restored to that office, and set out to take charge of it 
 yesterday. So that Mr. Kennaway is not only disappointed in 
 his journey, but, what is far worse, Mr. Palk of his place. The 
 former inconvenience we can easyly remedy, but as to the latter 
 it depends on Mr. Palk's friends and good fortune to supply a 
 substitute." 
 
 [Autograph, 5| pp., flscp.] 
 
 [No. 323.] 
 MuDOO KisTNA to Robert Palk, Esq. 
 
 1778, March 14th, Fort St. George.—" Mr. Rumbold arrived 
 on Sunday, the 8th February, and succeeded to the Government. 
 I went and paid my respects to him, and soon after presented a 
 letter to him together with a representation containing an 
 account of my long service to the Company beginning in the 
 year 1747, and how I was prevented by Mr. Stratton in the 
 execution of my office without cause, but he has not yet given 
 me any answer. 
 
 " The Nabob and his son Madarul Mulk, in direct opposition 
 to justice, are still busy in hurting and ruining myself and 
 family. I do not know what to say to them. As they are 
 princes they think that nobody can oppose or contradict their 
 assertions, or call them to an account. I have the pleasure to 
 hear that Governor Rumbold is your friend, and hope therefore 
 that you will be so kind as to write to him what is necessary in 
 my behalf to protect me and family against the insults and 
 malicious proceedings of the Nabob and his said son, and 
 likewise about the restoration of my employ. . . ." 
 
 " MuDOO KiSTNA." 
 
 [Autograph, 2 pp., 4/o. Duplicate.] 
 
 [No. 324.] 
 
 Colonel Gilbert Ironside to Robert Palk, Esq., London. 
 
 1778, March 22nd, Calcutta. — I have not replied earlier to 
 your letter of the 20th December, 1776, in consequence of press 
 of work and " some particular incidents which lately occurred 
 here, and which General Caillaud will . . . communicate .... 
 A whole budget of papers had I collected for your amusement, 
 and had commenced a long narrative in illustration of them," 
 but these nnist wait a sul:)seqiient despatch. Meanwhile I 
 must refer to another matter. The aj)pr()a('hing termination 
 of the Company's charter renders pr()l)able the advent of a 
 number of King's oflieers, or possibly the amalgamation of the 
 King's and Company's forces in India. Before such a con- 
 tingency can occur it is important to me to secure promotion. 
 
 W Robert Duncan Munro, Vide No. 33, p. 55, note S, 
 
. 319 [No. 324. 
 
 1 have accordingly applied to General Caillaud and other friends 
 in England to obtain for me a brevet as brigadier, with an order 
 for succession to Hrigadier-Gencral Stibbert when that ofiiccr 
 leaves for England. As I am now, after 20 years' service, the 
 senior colonel on the Bengal list, such grant of rank Avill injure 
 no-one and cost the Company nothing. I hope my application 
 may receive your support. 
 
 " Gilbert Ironside." 
 
 " P.S. — After perusal of the accompanying papers, permit 
 me to request your communication of them to General Caillaud." 
 
 [Holograph. 4 pjj., 4/o.] 
 
 [Enclosures : The papers mentioned in the postscript above 
 appear to have been eight in number, of which Nos. 2 and 3 
 have not been traced'^'.] 
 
 No. 1. Copy of letter dated Fort William, 22nd June, 1777, 
 from Warren Hastings and Richard Barzvell to Colonel 
 Ironside, commanding the 3rd Brigade in the field. 
 
 " Whereas General Clavering has thought proper to 
 assume to himself the title, place and office of Governor 
 General of this Presidency," we submitted the proceedings 
 of the Board on this matter to the Chief Justice and Judges 
 for opinion. General Clavering and Mr. Francis presented 
 to the same authorities the Directors' orders relative to 
 the appointment of Governor General. A copy of the 
 Judges' opinion is now transmitted to you for publication 
 in General Orders. 
 [1 p., flscp.] 
 
 No. 4. Copy of Resolutions [by the Board, dated 23rd June, 
 1777]. 
 
 Resolved that by his usurpation of the office of Governor 
 General Lieut. -General Clavering has thereby relinquished 
 his offices of Senior Counsellor and Commander-in-Chief ; 
 that Richard Barwell be appointed Senior Counsellor ; 
 that the office of Commander-in-Chief no longer exists, 
 and that Lieut. -General Clavering be not admitted to 
 meetings of the Council. 
 [l^ p., flscp.] 
 
 No. 5. Copy of Minute hy Mr. Francis, dated Revenue Board, 
 2Uh June [1777]. 
 
 Advances arguments for reversing the resolutions of 
 the 22nd June'^) regarding General Clavering. Points 
 out that he and Clavering had acquiesced in the opinion 
 given by the Judges,, and states that he himself now appears 
 as " mediator of peace and amity in Council." Argues 
 that under the Act of 1773 Clavering's seat in Council is 
 
 (1) No. 2 was probably a copy of the Judges' opinion, delivered on the 20th June, 
 that the assumption of office by Clavering was illegal ; and No. 3 a copy of the letter 
 from Clavering and Francis to the Judges acquiescing in their decision. 
 
 (2) An error for 2'ird June. Cf. Hastings' letter to Sykcs of 29th June, {l-ife 
 of Warren Hastings, Gleig, ii., 151.) 
 
No. 324.J 320. 
 
 not vacant, and that the Board has no power to dismiss 
 
 the Commander-in-Chief in respect of his authority outside 
 
 Bengal. 
 
 [2| 2jp., flscp.] 
 
 No. 6. Copy of letter, dated Fort WiUiam, 2Uh June, 1777, 
 from E. Impeij, R. Chambers, S. C. Lemaistre and J. Hyde 
 to the Honble. Warren Hastings, Esq., Governor General, and 
 the Gentlemen of the Council. 
 
 We have " this morning " received a letter from (General 
 Clavering and INIr. Francis relative to your resolution of 
 " yesterday," declaring vacant the offices held by General 
 Clavering. Though we have not on this occasion received 
 any representation from you, yet, as we regard the present 
 question as part of the transaction on which you lately 
 asked for our decision, we now deliver the opinion that your 
 Board has not the power to remove a member from the 
 Council nor declare his seat vacant, 
 [li p., flscp.] 
 
 A^o. 7. Copy of Extract of the Proceedings of the Governor 
 General and Council, dated 25th June, 1777. 
 
 " Resolved that the Board do recede from putting in 
 execution all their resolutions passed since the 20th instant, 
 which can in any wise prevent the General from the full 
 and immediate exercise of his several offices . . ." 
 [I p., flscp.] 
 
 No. 8. Copy of letter, dated Fort William, 25th June, 1777, 
 from Warren Hastings, J. Clavering, R. Barwell and P. 
 Francis to Colonel Ironside, commanding the 3rd Brigade 
 in the field. 
 
 We transmit copies of a letter from the Supreme Court 
 and Government resolution thereon, direct their publi- 
 cation in General Orders, and revoke all orders issued 
 [?since] the 19th instant which have a contrary tendency. 
 [I p., flscp.] 
 
 No. 325. 
 Henry Vansittart, jun., to [Robert Palk, Esq.] 
 
 1778, April 24th, Calcutta. — " The eldest Kennaway has been 
 obliged to visit the Coast for the recovery of his health . . . 
 His brother is present in the scene of emolument, deriving very 
 considerable; advantages from his situation in Asoph-ud- 
 Dowlah's'i* country. 
 
 " We dread a revolution in our Government by the first packet 
 from Europe. ... I am not very a})j)rehensive of one my- 
 self, provided the news of the General's*"' death should have 
 reached England before a new Act of Parliament passed. We 
 
 (1) Asaf-u(i-(laiila, Nawab of Oudh, wlio snccooded on tlio doath of his father 
 Shuja-iid-daiila in January, 1775. 
 
 (3) JSir John CJavering died in August, 1777i 
 
321 [No. 325. 
 
 think the Minister will be obliged to lay India affairs before 
 Parliament in order to restrain the authority of the Supreme 
 Court. 
 
 " I think the expedition into the eountr}' of the Mahrattoes, 
 though apparently the troops are only to pass through it in 
 their wav to Boniljav, mav raise a clamour at home. However, 
 the Government defends the measure with many plausible 
 arguments, and declares it will produce a good effect even if the 
 troops should l)e obliged to return. The French had certainly 
 been intriguing with the Mahrattas, and it is a maxim well 
 know^n to foreigners that the only method of establishing them- 
 selves in India is by connecting themselves with the country 
 Powders. 
 
 " I am obliged to you for interesting yourself in my concerns, 
 and be assured that I have no friend on w^hom I can place more 
 reliance, and none whose good offices are more pleasing . . . ." 
 
 " Henry Vansittart." 
 
 [Holograph, 2 pp., flscp.] 
 
 [No. 326.] 
 Tho[ma]s Pelling to Robert Palk, Esq. 
 
 1778, October 11th, Madras. — I have pleasure in acceding 
 to your w^ish that I should become one of your attorneys in 
 concert with Mr. d 'Fries. 
 
 " Your nephew, Mr. T. Palk, was appointed Paymaster at 
 Chenglaput when the arrangement was made on Mr. Whitehill's 
 arrival last year, where he would have been happily situated 
 for a few^ years ; but had the mortification to be recalled by 
 the Governor and Council, who, on the arrival of Mr. Rumbold, 
 received orders from the Court of Directors to restore the young 
 gentlemen that were under suspension to their former stations. 
 He has the promise of being provided for, but favourites and 
 weighty recommendations will ever be predominant, so that 
 he must rest content and look forward. I have no reason to 
 find fault with his conduct since marriage, and should be happy 
 he regained your former paternal affection by con^'incing him 
 of it in a line from yourself. ..." 
 
 " Thos. Pelling." 
 
 [Holograph, 2 pp., 4/o. Duplicate.] 
 
 [No. 327.] 
 
 Tho[mas] Palk to [Robert Palk, Fisq.]. 
 
 1778, October 15th, Fort St. George. Received 11th Sep- 
 tember, 1779. — " I am sorry to acquaint you that poor Snelling'^' 
 departed this life the 17th of August in Madras. His station 
 for six years past has been in the Cicacole district (so fatal to 
 
 U) Lieut. J. Snelling. Vide No. 267, p. 261, 
 
No. 327.] 322 
 
 many), and had been at death's door several times. Even those 
 who have the shghtest attack of that pernicious disorder, 
 though survive, never get quit of it. He made a will, leaving 
 what little monev he was worth to a child and its mother, which 
 I have taken care of for the present, as I hope that Snelling's 
 friends will send for it. I am told it is very white, having not 
 yet seen it. ]My having no knowledge of Snelling's relations, 
 who they are and where they are, is the reason of my troubling 
 you, Sir, with this information." 
 
 I learn with much satisfaction from Mr. Baker that Mrs. Palk 
 has recovered from her late indisposition. 
 
 " Tho. Palk." 
 
 [Holograph, 2 pp., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 328.] 
 
 MuDOO KisTXA to Robert Palk, Esq. 
 
 1778, October 15th, Fort St. George. — I have received no 
 satisfactory reply from Governor Rumbold to ni}^ application 
 for reinstatement — a result which I attribute to the malign 
 influence of the Nawab and his son, who suspect me of being the 
 cause of the rendition of Tan j ore. It is hard that I should 
 suffer when all the Company's servants who were suspended by 
 Mr. Stratton's Government have been restored to the service. 
 My desire for reinstatement is due to a regard for my reputation, 
 as well as for the sake of my son Choliappa, who has been trained 
 in native languages in view to his becoming useful to the Com- 
 pany. I beg that you will use your influence with the Directors 
 on my behalf, and also write to Mr. Rumbold. 
 
 " MuDOO KiSTNA." 
 
 [Autograph, 3 jyjj-^ ^^^-l 
 
 [No. 329.] 
 
 Edward Cotsford'^' to Robert Palk, Esq. 
 
 1778, October 17th, Madrass. Received 17th March, 1779.— 
 " We arrived here safe and sound on the 16th of August last, 
 meeting with our greatest risque when we imagined the cares 
 of the voyage over. Not knowing of our differences with the 
 French, we passed within sight of Pondicherry and their fleet 
 at anchor injthe road. When we came off the place in the morn- 
 ing we saw a ship astern crowding after us. At the same time 
 one of those in the road slip])cd from her anchor and gave us 
 chace. She sailed ill, and the one astern was still too far off to 
 do any thing with us. After a chace of upwards of twenty miles, 
 when the largest began to near us very fast, we saw six sail 
 ahead, and about a quarter of an hour afterwards the two 
 Frenchmen hauled their wind and stood to the eastward. The 
 falling in with Sir Edward Vernon (for they proved to be his 
 
 (1) Vide No. 183, p. 19H, note L 
 
823 [No. 320. 
 
 squadron) I believe saved us. English ships in the situation 
 of those Frenehnien Avould certainly have shewn a better 
 conduct. 
 
 " We have had open trenches before Pondiehcrry for some 
 time, where we have met with more opposition than was 
 expected. Considering we were masters of the time for declaring 
 hostilities with the French, it aj)pears to me that the greatest 
 advantage has not been made of so very commanding a privilege. 
 Before discovering our purpose we might have recei^'ed e^■ery 
 kind of inforination respecting the works of Pondiehcrry, the 
 strength of the garrison, the quantity of stores and provisions, 
 and numberless other particulars, a knowledge of which might 
 have put it in our power to have carried the place by surprize, 
 or have prepared us for the difliculties we have met with ; for 
 our experience has shewn that we held them too cheap, having 
 either made too light of their strength or given ourselves credit 
 for too much. What I have said is merely my private opinion, 
 and I give it with some diffidence lest I shoidd be mistaken. 
 We have had a great deal of rain lately, which has impeded our 
 operations, and, considering the season of the year, great vigour 
 and expedition is necessary. Indeed we expect every hour to 
 hear that the business is decided. 
 
 " A resolution very detrimental to an increase of reputation 
 and my pri\'ate interest has been lately adopted here — I mean 
 the calling all the Zemindars up to the Presidency, and in a great 
 measure taking the business of that chiefship out of the hands 
 of the Chief and Council. This, together with other particulars, 
 makes me apprehensive the Otterton*^' estate will not come 
 within my grasp. I have desired Mr. Webster to wait upon you 
 for your opinion. He will shew you my letter to him, and 
 likewise the copy of one which I have writ to Mr. Wombwell*^' 
 by this dispatch, which treats on the affairs of Masulipatam .... 
 
 " Advices are just now received from camp that the Governor 
 of Pondicherr}^ has sent out a flag of truce desiring permission 
 to send out propositions for a capitulation. God grant it may 
 terminate successfully, for much depends upon that event. 
 
 " M}^ situation here is extreamly disagreeable, as all the 
 Zemindars are now here, and when they will return I cannot 
 tell. 
 
 " If the state of things should put it in your power to serve 
 me towards my promotion in this country, your assistance 
 will always be very gratefully acknowdedged by me. My 
 presumption grows in seeing the small abilities of the present 
 Governor and Council. . . ." 
 
 " Edward Cotsford." 
 [Holograph, 5 pp., Mo.] 
 
 <1) A village between Sidmouth and Exmouth near the moutli of tlie Otter. 
 (2' George Wombwell, fhairman of the Company in 1777 and 1778, was created 
 A baronet in the latter year, 
 
324 
 
 [No. 330.] 
 Chocapah to the Honble. Robert Palk, Esq. 
 
 1778, October 19th, Fort St. George.—" I have the pleasure 
 to inform your Honour that Mr. Bellecombe, the French 
 (ioNTruour, and his Council were at last obliged to surrender the 
 Fort and town of Pondicherry to General Munro by capitulation 
 yesterday under the following terms : — That private fortunes 
 of the white and black inhabitants of Pondicherry are to be 
 secured to themselves, and they are to be permitted to carrj' 
 them where they please ; the fortifications [and] the houses 
 belonging to the Government and the inhabitants both white 
 and black are not to be destroyed untill they further hear from 
 Europe ; the French troops and the French gentlemen are 
 surrendered themselves prisoners of war to his Britan[n]ick 
 Majesty on condition they are permitted to proceed to Europe 
 under the cost of the English. . . . 
 
 " We the inhabitants under the English protection are very 
 well secured by the present victory, as we shall certainly be 
 under no apprehension from the French, who can do nothing 
 in these part[s] of the world during the present war, as they 
 have no Settlement in the East Indies to send their forces and 
 land them. ..." 
 
 " Chocapah." 
 
 [Autograph, 2 pp., Mo.] 
 
 [No. 331.] 
 Philip Stowey'^' to [Robert Palk, Esq.]. 
 
 1778, October 21st, Madrass. — " After a passage of six 
 months I arrived here safe and well. The Settlement at that 
 time did not seem very flattering to my views on account of a 
 determined war carrying on against the French in these parts; 
 but as great siiccess[es] have attended it since, and particularly 
 so in the reduction of Pondicherry, things now bear a much 
 better aspect, and I have no doubt but the purposes of my 
 coming here will on the long run be fully answered, provided I 
 continue in health. . . . 
 
 '' 1 iia\'e been called into employ, and have formed plans for 
 an alteration and enlargement to the Admiralty building,'^'' 
 which is now carrvingr into execution. Your and Mr. Call's 
 letters were received by Mr. Rumbold with seeming attention, 
 and T was flattered with ideas of his intention to serve me, but 
 that is all to come . . . Yesterday T had the honor of an 
 audience with his Highness the Nabob, who, on deliNcry of your 
 and Mr. Call's letters, received me very gratiously and requested 
 my assistance in the way of my profession. He is building at 
 
 (^) Philip Stowcy was njipointod Civil Architect at Madras by the Company, 
 with liliprly In imdcrtako jn'ivato woi-k, 
 '-) Vidc'iso. 216, V- ^^-'i, note 2, 
 
325 [No. 331. 
 
 the Diirbarr*^' in the Moorish stile, and I fear has gone on too 
 far to be prevailed on to alter it." 
 
 Details of the siege of Pondieherry yon will hear from other 
 sources, " Our batteries against that place were opened the 
 18th of last month, and after a noble defence, in which the brave 
 Belcombe*-' have gained nuich honor, the Fort was surrendered 
 the 17th instant. Our loss of men is not inconsiderable, par- 
 ticularly officers, among which fell Major Stcphins,*-^' Chief 
 Engineer. A man of good abilities and most indcfatiguable 
 in the exercise of his profession, his loss is universally lamented 
 here. Mr. Baker, for whom I brought a letter from you, is now 
 almost inconsolable for the loss of his son,*-*' who was also killed 
 before Pondieherry. . . ," 
 
 " Philip Stowey." 
 
 [Holograph, 2f pp., 4to.] 
 
 [No. 332.] 
 Chocapah to the Honble. Robert Palk, Esq. 
 
 1778, October 31st, Fort St. George. Received 27th March, 
 1779, — Since waiting to you on the 19th instant I learn that 
 " our Grenadiers . . , marched in at the Villinour Gate and 
 entered into the town of Pondieherry a little before 5 o'clock 
 the 18th in the evening, and [a] little before 6 of the same 
 evening the French troops with their officers marched out, 
 colours flying and drums beating, to the glacis, where they piled 
 their arms and were received prisoners of war by a party of our 
 troops commanded by Captain Lysaght, and marched about a 
 mile beyond our camp, where they remained that night ; and 
 next day they marched down to Madrass, and arri\cd here the 
 28th. They were about five hundred prisoners and about 
 forty officers, part of which they keep prisoners in the Black 
 Town,'^' and the rest sent down to Poonamally,*^* where they 
 remain prisoners ; and the officers are set at liberty upon their 
 parole, to live here and at St. Thome. The Company allows 
 them the usual allowance." I hear " they have also about 
 two hundred more French prisoners in the hospital at Pondi- 
 eherry", who are to be brought here by sea. 
 
 " Mr. Bellecombe, Mr. Law, and the rest of the gentlemen of 
 Council and other private merchants and the French inhabitants 
 are still at Pondieherry." M, Bellecombe is expected here early 
 next month. " The French frigate that was in the Road of 
 
 (1) The Nawab's palace at Chepauk. Cf. No. 206, p. 218, note 2. 
 
 f2) General Bellecombe, Governor of Pondieherry. 
 
 '3) William Stevens joined the Madras Engineers as Ensign in 17(51, and was 
 employed in the following year in a survey of Adam's Bridge in Palk Strait. He 
 served as Captain at the siege of Tanjore in 177^, and was promoted Major in 1774. 
 In 1778, when acting as Chief Engineer during the absence of Colonel Ross in 
 England, he was killed by a cannon shot in the trenches before Pondieherry. 
 
 (■i) Ensign George Baker. 
 
 (5) These prisoners were lodged in a building known as the 'Company's Granary,' 
 which occupied the site of llie jiresent Custom House. 
 
 (5) Poonamallee, 15 miles west of Madras, possessed a fort and barracks. 
 
No. 332.] 326 
 
 Poiidicherry is permitted to go to Mauritius and from thence to 
 France." After the surrender General Munro received the 
 merchants and other native inhabitants with much civihty, and 
 allowed them to reside and carry on business under British 
 protection. The Governor and Council also granted permission 
 to the gentlemen and other residents of French nationality to 
 remain and trade, provided they took an oath of fidelity to the 
 Government. 
 
 " General Munro returned from Pondicherry this morning. 
 Captain William Rumbold (our Governor's son) is ready to take 
 his passage with all the news on the Cormorant, now under 
 dispatch for England. . . ." 
 
 " Chocapah." 
 
 [Autograph, 3| _2:>p., 4io.] 
 
 [No. 333.] 
 Messrs. Felling & de Fries to Robert Palk, Esq. 
 
 1778, November 1st, [Madras]. Received 17th March, 1779. — 
 " We have desired Lord Shelburne to send us directions about 
 the bills we have in our hands belonging to him. There is no 
 likelyhood of its being paid in India now that poor Mr. 
 McLeane*^' is lost ! 
 
 " We hope that you will be able to procure payment from 
 Mr. Stone in England. We can't learn that he has any property 
 here besides his houses. '2) We find by Comroo's will, which 
 was proved in court, that Mr. Stone is considerably indebted 
 to Comroo, and it has been reported that Mr. Benfield (between 
 whom and Mr. Stone there was not much affection subsisting) 
 endeavored to take along with him Mr. Stone's bond to Comroo, 
 that he might recover it in England, but we don't know 
 absolutely for certain whether he has taken it along with him 
 or not. We thought it was necessary to give you a hint .... 
 
 " The Nabob since the fall of Pondicherry has promised to 
 make a dividend to his creditors. God send he may keep his 
 Avord. The whole Settlement is in want very much of pay- 
 ments from him. Whenever we are in cash we shall endeavor 
 to remit to you to the best ad\'antage, for we think your property 
 will be safer nearer vou than at this distance. India is a 
 country of revolution, and we think we shall alwavs be subject 
 to it." 
 
 " Felling & de Fries." 
 
 [2| 2^P'> 4^0-] 
 
 [No. 334.] 
 John d'Fries to Robert Palk, Esq. 
 
 1779, March 22nd, Fort St. George. Received 2nd January, 
 1780. — " This is purposely to inclose'^' to you copy of a letter 
 
 (n C()lonel Lauchlan iMaclcano. Cf. No. 10!), /). 189, note 2. 
 
 (2) Ji)lin Maxwell Stdiic owned (wo liniises in Fori SI. Georgo, one in St. Thom6 
 Street and one in diaries Street. 
 
 (3) Enclosures not found. 
 
327 [No. 334. 
 
 wrote by the Nabob's new consolidated creditors to the (iovernor 
 and Select Committee, and also extract of their letter to the Court 
 of Directors, reeonimendin»T the business of the creditors to 
 them. I act in it as a trustee J'or the Nabob, and our house are 
 creditors to a considerable amount. The failure of payment 
 from the Nabob (occasioned chiefly by the pressing calls upon 
 him for money by the Company's agents here) has thrown the 
 whole Settlement in the greatest distress imaginal>le, and unless 
 some measure be taken by Government to proeiu-e satisfaction 
 and relief to the creditors, who constitute the greatest part of 
 the British subjects in this place and the other Settlements in 
 India, it must end in their total ruin. As it is, there is hardly 
 any trade subsisting in the place at present, and an entire loss 
 of private credit and confidence. 
 
 " As this matter will merit the most serious attention on the 
 part of the Company, may I beg your interest and assistance 
 when it comes to be debated at a General Court or otherwise ; 
 in doing of which I assure you it will be rendering service to the 
 cause of the English in India in general, and to this once flourish- 
 ing Settlement in particular ; and I dare say many in P^ngland 
 will find themselves in a very disagreable situation if the interest 
 at least on this fund is not regularly discharged. ..." 
 
 " John d'Fries." 
 
 [Autograph, 2 pp., Uo. Dujjlicate.] 
 
 [No. 335.] 
 
 Tho[mas] Palk to Robert Palk, Esq. 
 
 1779, October 15th, Fort St. George.—" I have already 
 informed you of the cause of my removal from the paymastership 
 of Chinglaput. It was a cruel stroke upon me indeed. However, 
 Sir, I flatter myself that you and Mr. Sulivan will endeavor to 
 get me some appointment. I have been out of employ ever 
 since, and see no probability of being otherwise, notwithstanding 
 Mr. Rumbold has so often engaged his word of honor to serve 
 me, and as often forfeited it. Never was a man so universally 
 disliked. He employs people not in the service, and gives away 
 places to the youngest servants which the oldest would grasp 
 at ; takes away places and gives it to otherS; and such like 
 conduct. There is scarce a foot of land between this and 
 Ganjam but he has sold. The Guntoor Circar the Nabob is to 
 have, or has it. The Jaghire'^^ in December last was adver- 
 tized to be lett, but it did not take place, because of course the 
 Nabob paid handsomely for it. But what could the country 
 otherwise expect from a man of his stamp ? The seeds of 
 corruption ha\e so effectually taken root that I do not think it 
 possible to eradicate [them]. Gaming is arrived to that height 
 that it requires the most vigorous measures to break the spirit 
 of it, and to begin with the Select Committee. I dined with the 
 
 (1) Vide No. 118, i>. 146, note 3. 
 
No. 335.] 328 
 
 Governor a few days ago, when he proposed a rubber, which of 
 course was readily assented to. The party consisted of the 
 Governor, Mr. Plumer,*^' Lieutenants Low and Malcohii*-', which 
 was scarce begun when dinner came upon table, and kept 60 
 people waiting for its being finished. 
 
 " The Circars will soon be in the state of the Nabob's country. 
 The Zemindars were so very handsomely squeezed when they 
 were called down last year that I hear the zemindaries are in a 
 state of depopulation owing to the oppression of the Zemindars. 
 Thus, Sir, you have but a slight view of our situation, though it 
 may convey a strong idea. Mr. Cotsford will no doubt give 
 you a better view of it than I am able, though not with more 
 truth. The Company are sinking so very gradually step by 
 step into mire as if they really intended it, and I am sure their 
 affairs were never so well conducted as by a Governor and 12 
 Council,'^' for the less opposition a wicked Governor has to 
 encounter, the more mischief he can do. You are a Proprietor, 
 Sir, so therefore for the Company's sake become a Director. I 
 shall then hope they may still be saved. 
 
 " You are indebted, Sir, to Mr. Floj^er for his kindnesses to 
 me, as I am sure it was on your account I received so much 
 friendship from him. ..." 
 
 "Tho. Palk." 
 
 [Holograph, 3f pp., Mo.] 
 
 [No. 336.] 
 John d'Fries to Robert Palk, Esq. 
 
 1780, January 16th, Madras. — " Three ships of Sir Edward 
 Hughes's fleet are arrived, the Superb, Eagle and Nymph, which 
 were sent forward with the sick of the squadron, being a great 
 many. The rest of the fleet is expected in a week hence. Mr. 
 Cuthbert'^' is come," so we shall tender money to him on your 
 account for Navy bifls. Mr. Stone's affairs here are not as he 
 represented them to his creditors in England, and we shall not 
 trouble ourselves with them unless we find that we can be of 
 use to you and others. 
 
 " The Maratta war still continues. A few days ago 500 
 Europeans were sent away from hence to join Colonel Goddard'^' 
 at Surat. This is an improper time to be quarrelling with the 
 country Powers and with so powerful a one as the Marrattas. 
 Hydcr seem[s] to be only waiting for an opportunity to break 
 with us. A great fire happened in November last at Bengal 
 in the Company's warehouse, which burnt 18 lacks of rupees of 
 
 (1) Hall Plumcr, a civil servant of 1760. 
 
 (2) Pn)l)al)ly Hcru'v Mak-olin (or Malcomhc) \sln) oiitcrt'd the Madras army iu 
 17(57, and hccamc licutcii.iiit in 177(1, and captain in 17711. 
 
 (3) l>ig()(,'.s ('i)uiu'il ci>nsLsU'd of IVcsident and eleven iiuMul>er.s, including the 
 C.-in-C. ; Kinnhold's of President and four civilian nienihers. 
 
 (*) Arthur Cuthbert. Vide No. 57, p. S'd, note 5. 
 
 (5) Colonel Thomas Goddard superseded Colonel Leslie in the cuiuiaaiKl of a 
 Bengal force which luarehed across India to Surat. 
 
329 [No. 3;JG. 
 
 raw silk and piece goods. . . . The treasury at Bengal is very- 
 low. Here on the Coast they can hardly make both ends meet, 
 the expenccs of fortification, etc., being \xay great. We have 
 heard nothing of any French ships in the Indian seas since the 
 taking of the Osterley. 
 
 " It is said that Mr. Ilumbold is to leave us in the course of 
 March next, having taken his passage on the General Barker. 
 The Nabob desire[sj his compliments to you and for a con- 
 tinuance of your friendship. His affairs can hardly be worse 
 than they are at present, the drain being continual, and the 
 sources lessening every day. The divided interest in his family 
 continues as great as ever notwithstanding the death of 
 Maphauscawn,*^' which happened some months ago. . . ." 
 
 " John d'Fries." 
 
 [Autograph, 2\ pp., -ito. Duplicate,] 
 
 [No. 337.] 
 Tho[mas] Palk to Robert Palk, Esq. 
 
 1780, January 30th, Fort St. George. — " I had, Sir, flattered 
 myself that your displeasure would have in some measure 
 subsided by this time, and that you would have honored me 
 with a renewal of your correspondence ; but I am unhappy 
 enough to find myself still lying under it, and unfortunately at 
 a time that I have more need of your friendship than ever I 
 had." Being still without employment, I beg you to use your 
 influence to procure me some appointment, such as a paymaster- 
 ship or a seat in the Masulipatam Council. " Mr. R[umbold] 
 has put me off ever since I was removed from Chinglaput with 
 the strongest assurances of his serving me. Mr. Sulivan*^* has 
 interposed in my behalf with him in an uncommon friendly 
 manner, but without any other success than promises. In 
 short, Sir, he is blind and deaf to every other consideration but 
 that of establishing a strong interest at home ; and I hope that 
 if he does not do something for me, that he will repent he had 
 not considered it an object to have acquired yours. I do. Sir, 
 assure you that a King of France was never so absolute as he is 
 here. Every thing he proposes is carried without the least 
 opposition. He is now on the point of going home, and Mr. 
 Whitehill will of course succeed. I could say a great deal, but 
 at present it would not be prudent. I shall say this much, 
 that the Company is sinking into ruin as fast as possible. . . . 
 
 " We have accounts that Colonel Goddard has at last taken 
 the field against the Morattoes. A detachment has been sent 
 from hence of 400 Europeans and 2 battalions of sepoys, but 
 they cannot possibly reach Surat till the middle of February. 
 Hyder-Ally, seeing how we are entangling ourselves, is growing 
 very troublesome. A vessel in the month of November coming 
 
 '1) Mahfuz Khan, elder brotlier of Nawab Walajah. 
 
 <-) Stephen Suhvan (I'ide No. 189, p. 205), son of Lawrence Sulivan, came to 
 Madras about 1778 as Secretary and Persian Translator. 
 
No. 337.] 330 
 
 down the Malabar Coast was taken by one of his, and carried 
 into CalHcutt, with six gentlemen and three ladies*^' from Europe 
 by Suez. And 'tis reported that he stopt by the same means 
 Captain Bonnveau'^' and another gentleman with dispatches 
 from the Company so late only as August. 
 
 " Mr. Grey,'^^ that was once in the Bengal Council, has been 
 pitched upon, in preference to a Company's servant, to go 
 Ambassador to Hyder. He also had an employ at the siege of 
 Pondicherry and at Mahe, when at least a dozen Company's 
 servants were unemployed. But, Sir, this is nothing to other 
 oppressive acts of Government. 
 
 " Sir E. Hughes arrived here with his squadron and nine 
 Indiamen the 18th instant. He has this day presented his 
 Majesty's letter to the Nabob. Sir Edward is extremely well 
 and hearty, and Sir E. Vernon goes home in an Indiaman much 
 displeased thereat, Dick Welland is now with me, and is very 
 much esteemed by the Admiral and officers. He seems to think 
 it better he had staid at home, as he would be more in the way 
 of promotion. 
 
 " I send this by his Majesty's ship Coventry by way of Suez, 
 though I am very doubtful of his reaching you safe, for the 
 gentlemen that have lately come that way met with a great 
 many difficulties. I have made a mistake, Sir. Captains 
 Banks^^' and Bonnevaux'^) were coming from Bussora, and 
 [were] taken by the Marattoes and not by Hyder-Ally. 
 
 " I shall esteem it a favor [if] you will send me a line for 
 Mr. Whitehill. My wife is well, and joins me in presenting her 
 respects to you and Mrs. Palk and love to mv cousins. . . ." 
 
 " Tho. Palk." 
 
 [Holograph, 5 pp., 4fo.] 
 
 [No. 338.] 
 
 John d'Fries to Robert Palk, P^sq. 
 
 1780, February 4th, Madras. — " This goes by way of Suez. 
 The Coventry is sent there to demand satisfaction for the vexation 
 committed by that Government last year on our people. Sir 
 Edward Hughes arrived here with the rest of his ships on the 
 
 (1) Tiic J)aiiisli shij) Nalhalia, from Suez to Uengal, put into Calicut, wiioi'o she 
 was seizi'd by llaidar ; and her nine Britisli passengers, including two ladies, were 
 arrested. Anthony Fay, barrister, and his wife Eliza were confined at Calicut, 
 and tlic remainder, among whom were Mr. and Mrs. 'I'ulloh, were carried to Seringa- 
 liatam. All were released after about three months" detention. (Oriijhuil Letters 
 from Iiidia, Mrs. Eay. 1817.) 
 
 (2) Captain Bonncvaux was captux'ed by the Marathas, as stated later in the 
 letter. 
 
 (3) Mr. George (Jray was sent to Seringapatam to ask for the release of the 
 Calicut prisoners. 
 
 (4) (ioorge Banks, Madras Engineers, entered the service in 1771, and retired as 
 Major in 1791. 
 
 (o' Peter Bonnevaux joined the Madras Infantry as Ensign in 17liS. In 1782 
 Captain Bonncvaux commanded the detachment which sailed with Sir E. Hughes 
 for the reduction of Trincomalee. He became Lieut. -Colonel in 179-1, and died 
 three years later. 
 
331 [No. 338. 
 
 19th ultimo. I applyed to hi in for Navy bills on your account. 
 He gave me a civil answer, but desired [nic] to send in my 
 tender, which I have accordingly done. 
 
 " Sir Thomas Riimbold*^' goes for certain on the General 
 Barker, when wc shall be left with Mr. Whitehili for our Governor. 
 I hope nothing will happen to require the exertion of extra- 
 ordinarv abilities, for I believe thev will not be found in our 
 Council. The INIaratta war continues still. They took lately 
 Messrs. Bonnivaux and Banks, who were coming over with a 
 packet from England, which they left in July last. 
 
 " Although I have not been able to go out on account of the 
 inflanmiation in my eye, which has been a very severe attack 
 on me, I have intimated to the Nabob what you desired me to 
 conuuunicate to him. His situation is rather worse, nor do I 
 see any likely hood of its bettering." We reluctantly consented 
 to act as attorneys for the trustees of Mr. Stone, but only till 
 others can be appointed. " I am sorry to find that Mr. Stone's 
 affairs are likely to turn out much worse than what was 
 represented to you. We shall do the best with what little 
 remains there are here. Colonel McLeane's executors sent out 
 powers of attorney to iNIr. Oakely,'-' Mr. Felling and myself . . . 
 which we refused, and would have nothing to say to it. . . . 
 Your nephew Mr. Welland was made a lieutenant at the 
 Madeira. . . ." 
 
 " John d'Fries." 
 
 [Autograph, 3 pp., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 339.] 
 Stephen Sulivan to [Robert Palk, Esq.]. 
 
 1780, February 5th, Fort St. George. — " I return you my 
 sincere thanks for your obliging enquiries after Mrs. Sulivan's 
 and my health. Mine, you will hear from Queen Square, has 
 been exactly the same as when I partook of red mullets with 
 you in Devonshire. I wish I could speak as favorably of Mrs. 
 Sulivan, who has suffered severely indeed from this relaxing 
 climate so inauspicious to women in general. She is, however, 
 at present considerably recovered, and I trust with suitable care 
 and attention will have no more relapses. 
 
 " On the arrival of Sir Edward Hughes, he scarce waited for 
 an introduction of me to him, but took the first opportunity of 
 mentioning your name and the friendly manner in which you 
 had been pleased to express a soUicitude for my prosperity, 
 adding at the same time on his own part he should be happy 
 to forward my wishes in any way I would point out to him 
 from the regard he had for his old friend Mr. Palk. . . . 
 From my father's*^' letters I find you have been equally atten- 
 
 (1) Rumbold was created a l)aronet on the 27th March, 1779. 
 (2' Vide No. 10(5, ;). 212, note 1. 
 ('*) Lawrence SuUvan. 
 
No. 339.J 332 
 
 tive in desiring Mr. John De Fries to give me his confidence 
 and advice. No man in the Settlement is better calcidated 
 for such a task from his local knowledge and long experience 
 in business. . . . 
 
 " To my father's letters I refer yon for particulars of my 
 situation, as I have not a secret upon earth I wish concealed 
 from you. You will there find how mistaken he was when he 
 attributed to the Nabob any other motives of conduct than an 
 artful policy operating from fear, without a single remembrance 
 of past obligations, or a view to present favor but as it may 
 prove a channel for the gratification of his ambition. Mr. 
 Macpherson, who must write because he is hired, may employ 
 volumes to expiscate (in his own elegant new coinage of words) 
 the reverse ; but men who have no restraints of this kind to 
 warp or mislead their judgment are contented with the facts 
 and the evidence before them. 
 
 " My father will likewise explain to you the reasons for my 
 resigning the Persian Translatorship, which have the sanction of 
 Mr. De Fries' approbation. When I was given to understand 
 that not an iota of confidential communication was to pass 
 through me, but that at best I was to be a mere letter carrier, 
 it was time to recollect I had a connnendable pride about me, 
 which will prevent me, I hope always, from being insignificant. 
 The profits of my place of Secretary are so scanty, and the 
 expence of Madras since your time so increased, that it ceases 
 any longer to be an object. In short, my dear Sir, I have laid 
 such stress in my letters to my father on a seat in Council or the 
 Residency of Tanjore'^' as the only two objects on this Coast 
 that can enable me to acquire a competency, that I hope you 
 will use every argument to persuade him to bring either of those 
 points forward, that it may be settled in the new arrangements 
 at home, and not left to be done here. . . ." 
 
 " Stephen Sulivan." 
 
 [Holograph, 3| pp., 4io.] 
 
 [No. 340.] 
 
 George Baker to Robert Palk, Esq. 
 
 1780, February 7th, Fort St. George. Received December — , 
 1780. — " Although it is considered as very doubtfull whether 
 (after what has past) an Englishman may be suffered to pass 
 unmolested through Egypt with a packet, yet our Government 
 have found it necessary to make the tryal, and for that purpose 
 the Company's ketch'-' Nancy is to be dispatched this evening 
 for Suez or else where in the Red Sea with one Mr. Woolley,'-^' 
 a gentleman in the Nabob's service. Such an opportunity 
 
 (1) Sto|ilion Siiliviin was appointed Resident at Taujoro by the Directors in 1780, 
 but he resigned tiie post iimiiediatcly to become personal assistant to ilastings in 
 Bengal. Tie was succeeded in the Residency by .Tolin Sulivnn. 
 
 (^) Tlie " ketch " of the period was rigged as a brigautine. 
 
 (3) James WooUey, secretary to the Nawab. 
 
333 [No. 340. 
 
 offering, I mean to try if I can get this single sheet into that 
 packet, just to acknowledge the receipt of your several favors 
 by the ships that arrived here on the 18th ultimo under convoy 
 of Sir Edward Hughes. . . . 
 
 " Sir Edward is in good health, and is the same good man as 
 ever. Your nephew. Lieutenant Welland, got a conmiission at 
 Madeira. He is a charming youth, modest, manly and discreet, 
 and in good health and spirrits. He has been on shore some 
 days, and passes his time with his cousin Palk, Mr. Perring or 
 myself, to either of which he is, as at many other friends' he soon 
 will be, welcome." 
 
 Our Bengal friends are well, " as is your nephew Mr. T. Palk 
 and family here. He has not indeed yet got an employ, but 
 lives in hope of something soon. He is made happy by your 
 kind remembrance of him, and will, I am clearly and fully per- 
 swaded, deserve your favor, which no doubt will be conferred 
 on him. . . . 
 
 " As to publick affairs, you will be better informed by your 
 other correspondents. I have only to wish that the Marattah 
 war be not at this juncture found an arduous task. As to my 
 personal affairs, I will not by this conveyance speak of them, 
 . . . though I may perhaps touch on that subject by the 
 March ships. Some time in that month the General Barker, 
 Ganges, Norfolk and Talbot are to be dispatched from Bengal 
 and this place for Europe, on some of which it is very confidently 
 expected that Sir Edward Vernon and Sir Thomas Rumbold 
 are to take their passage. ..." 
 
 " George Baker." 
 
 [Holograph, 4 pp., Mo.] 
 
 [No. 341.] 
 
 Messrs. Pelling & de Fries to Robert Palk, Esq. 
 
 1780, February 10th, Madras. — Contains particulars of 
 remittances made to England by Navy bills and otherwise for 
 Robert Palk and Robert Palk, jun., and of the latter's risk on a 
 Respondentia bond. 
 
 [2 pp., 4/0.] 
 
 [No. 342.] 
 
 The Case of Robert Palk, jun., on board the Surprise. 
 [By Surgeon Adam Burt.] 
 
 1783, April 3rd, Calcutta. — " Agreed to attend as surgeon to 
 Robert Palk, Esq., during his voyage to Europe in the Surprise 
 packet. This gentleman appears to be about 38 or 40 years of 
 age. He is of a spare habit of body ; has been at least 20 years 
 in India, and for the most part very healthy during that time. 
 Mr. Campbell,*^' the Surgeon General, informs me that Mr. Palk 
 has had more than one very severe fall within these last two or 
 three years ; particularly once when he was walking on the 
 
 (1) Daniel Campbell, Surgeon General in Bengal 
 
No. 342.] 334 
 
 roof of a house, which in this country is generally flat ; it gave 
 way under his feet, and he fell through from a very considerable 
 height. From this his system in general received a shock, the 
 effects of which confined him several days. However, no 
 remarkable symptoms followed as a consequence immediately 
 after this or any other accident which happened to him. 
 
 " Mr. Campbell also informed me that, as Mr. Palk was riding 
 on horseback some weeks ago, he suddenly fell to the ground 
 without any apparent cause. The nearest medical assisstants 
 were instantly called : they found him in a state of insensibility, 
 laying as if asleep. It was imagined that some injury had been 
 received from the fall, and phlebotomy was performed. He 
 gradually recovered his senses, but was affected with spasms, 
 or as he himself expressed it, startings of the muscles of one side 
 of his body. His face was also much distorted. Mr. Stark, '^' 
 Surgeon at Calcutta, took more blood from him, but I do not 
 know what medicines were prescribed. In two or three days 
 after this first attack he was seized with a fit, which Mr. 
 Campbell says was of the apoplectic or epileptic kind. Since 
 then he has had several returns of epileptic fits." 
 
 Diary. 
 
 " 16th April. Mr. Palk is in good spirits. The spasms of 
 one side are not so frequent as usual, but his face is considerably 
 distorted. He takes pills of assafoetida as prescribed for him 
 by Mr. Campbell. 
 
 " 17th. He says that ' he had a slight touch of his disorder 
 last night, but he sleeped it away.' Mr. Campbell and Mr. Stark 
 thought it adviseable to put a seton in his neck, which I have 
 performed this day. He is pretty chearful, but his tongue is 
 swelled . . . and he pronounces his words with much difficulty. 
 
 " 18th. This afternoon, as Mr. Palk and I were sitting on 
 the quarter deck, he started up very suddenly from his seat, 
 and without having time to utter a single word he fell down in 
 violent convulsions, which continued near a quarter of an hour. 
 . . . He soon recovered his senses, but continued very languid 
 during the remainder of the day." I prescribed camphor, 
 antimony Avine and assafoetida. 
 
 " 21st. Very free from spasms ; pronounces his words with 
 unconuuon ease ; is chearful. . . . 
 
 " 23rd. Mr. Palk had a fit this morning." I prescribed 
 valerian root. 
 
 " 20th. He had a fit this morning at G o'clock ; is very 
 languid ; his tongue is exceedingly swelled. ..." I gave 
 camphor and valerian. 
 
 " 29th. The spasms are abated, and the distortion of his 
 face is scarcely perceptible. 
 
 "1st May. Mr. Palk is in excellent spirits. 
 
 " 3rd. He is almost entirely free from spasms ; tongue not 
 
 (1' Surgeon James Starki 
 
335 [No. 342. 
 
 so much swelled, and he speaks with ease. T continue the 
 camphor and valerian," and also the antimonial wine. 
 
 " 4th. Mr. Palk appears as if in perfect health. Medicines 
 as i'ormerly. 
 
 " 8th. The ease which Mr. Palk has enjoyed for some time 
 is too soon interrupted. He had a fit this morning about four 
 o'clock. . . . 
 
 " 9th. Mr. Palk had another severe attack last night, and 
 was extremely languid this morning, 
 
 " 11th. The spasms of his muscles are very frequent, 
 particularly of the right side of the body. . . . 
 
 " 12th. Mr. Palk had another fit this morning. After the 
 convulsions were over he remained comatose for a considerable 
 time ; is very languid. Medicines given as formerly. . . . 
 
 " 13th. To-day lie is in extraordinary good spirits ; walked 
 the deck in the evening for a considerable time, and is pretty 
 free from spasms. . . . 
 
 " 14th. Mr. Palk was seized with his disorder this morning 
 about 5 o'clock. The convulsions were uncommonly severe. 
 When these abated he remained without any signs of life for 
 several minutes. ... At length breathing succeeded, but 
 that more laborious than I ever saw in any other case. By 
 degrees it became more moderate, but he remained comatose, 
 at least for the most part. He is now and then seized with 
 violent convulsions, which gradually terminate in an universal 
 tremor, and leaves him insensible. ... In the evening the 
 convulsions w^ere very alarming. ..." I accordingly bled him. 
 
 " 15th. We have been becalmed these 2 or 3 daj's in 2 degrees 
 N. latitude. Mr. Palk remains insensible and in a comatose 
 state, but frequently seized with convulsions. . . . 
 
 " 16th, Mr. Palk does not recover his senses in the least. 
 ..." I applied blisters to his temples. 
 
 " 17th. He gives some signs of returning sensibility, but 
 remains speechless. He is restless, and twists his body into 
 many very awkward postures. . . . 
 
 " 18th. During last night Mr. Palk appeared to be in great 
 agony .^His cries were dreadful. The unnatural exertions of 
 his body were so great that it required two men to keep him 
 in the cotte. . . . There is an universal tremor of the muscles. 
 His pulse 80. . . . 
 
 " 19th. He is still comatose ; lies with his eyes open, but now 
 and then he is seized with convulsions, which gradually ter- 
 minate in tremors. . . . Pulse 100. . . . W^e are in 28 miles 
 N. lat. and still becalmed." 
 
 " 20th. Mr. Palk died about 4 o'clock p.m. 
 
 [Holograph, unsigned. 10| pp., 4^o.] 
 
336 
 
 [No. 343.] 
 
 Henry Preston*^* to Sir Robert Palk, Bart.*^), Bruton 
 
 Street, London. 
 
 1783, August 8th, Fort St. George. — ^" As you have always 
 been so sincere a friend to me, I presume to inform you of my 
 safe arrival here after a very prosperous voyage of four months 
 and ten days. We sailed from England on the 11th of March, 
 and touched at St. Jago about 3 weeks after. This was the 
 only place we touched at : we staid there but three days. We 
 met with nothing remarkable till we came in sight of the Coast, 
 July 19th, and we came to an anchor on the 22nd. 
 
 " I was greatly surprised to hear of Hyder Alley's death, '^' 
 and also of Sir Eyre Coote's, who died on his passage to Bengal 
 by sea.'*' Hyder's son Tipo Seib carries on the war at present. 
 He is not above 40 miles from hence with all his horse. I hear 
 that there is a cessation of arms for a month to take place, but 
 I am not certain. 
 
 " There was an engagement the 22 of June between Sir 
 Edward Hughes and Suffrcin off Trincoumale. I am not 
 acquainted with the particulars, but I think we had 500 men 
 killed, and the fleet came in here in a very shattered condition. 
 
 " I began to receive pay as soon as I came ashore. iiMy pay 
 is 18 pagodas per month ... I have not had an opportunity 
 to go to Bengal as yet, but I think I shall go in a few days . . ." 
 
 " Henry Preston." 
 
 " P.S. — I return you my most grateful acknowledgements 
 for the genteel station your goodness has placed me in." 
 
 [Holograph, 2 pp., 4to. Wax seal, defaced]. 
 
 [No. 344.] 
 
 Dr. Adam Burt to Messrs. James & David Webster, 
 
 Leadcnhall Street. 
 
 1783, September lOtli, liimerick, Ireland, — " I was ordered 
 by the Governor and Council of Bengal to attend as surgeon 
 to Robert Palk, P^lsq., during his voyage from thence to J^urope. 
 Accordingly I embarked along with him on board the Surprise 
 packet, and we sailed in April. This gentleman had been 
 attacked with an epilepsy, from which, in the opinion of the 
 most experienced medical jM'actitioners in Calcutta, he could 
 not recover in India. I am sincerely sorry to add that his 
 disease defeated my utmost efforts to preserve him. He died 
 about a month after we left Bengal. 
 
 (1) Henry Preston crilrnil (In- Hciig;il Army as a cad.t in ITS.'i, aiui died in 1791 
 at Dinapnro. 
 
 (-' Hulicrt I'alk was ci-catcd a baronet on (he IDtli June, 17S2. 
 
 (•'" Haidar Ali cxiiii-cd a( Cliittoor on the 7<Ii I )<'ccnilier, 1782. 
 
 (4' Sir Eyre Ooote died at Madras on the 27tli April, 1783, three dap after lijg 
 ftfrival from Bengal, 
 
337 [No. 31-4, 
 
 " I proposed to have set off immediately for London, where 
 I might have commnnicated tlic intellifrcnce in person to some 
 of Mr. Palk's relatiojis. • But I think it is necessary for me to 
 remain here till I shall hear from them. 1 will Ije happy if 
 Capt. Asquith of th.e Surprise has given a satisfying aceount of 
 matters. I am nuieh afraid, however, that he has not aeted 
 Avith bceoming delieacy as a person to whom devolved the charge 
 of effects belonging to a gentleman of very extensive concerns. 
 The captain opened the bureau and escritoire of the deceased, 
 and took into his possession what papers he thought proper. 
 I advised him to call some gentlemen to witness and sign an 
 attestation of the propriety of his proceedings. This he 
 neglected. 
 
 " Major Macgowane'^' came a passenger in this ship. He 
 will wait on Mr. Palk's relations in England as soon as he can 
 convenientlv after his arrival there. I need not now enlarge 
 on the many improprieties of Capt. Asquith's conduct with 
 regard to ]\Ir. Palk. The Major will give them a more particular 
 aceount of circumstances which render my stay here for a little 
 while adviseable. I write this in a hurry just as the ship is 
 coming to an anchor, lest Mr. Palk's relations should take any 
 measures in consequence of the captain's letters without making- 
 farther enquiry. 
 
 " The friends of Mr. Palk may command my services towards 
 procuring all the papers of the deceased, if possible, and to 
 forward the other effects as they shall direct. If, however, it is 
 deemed necessary for me to interfere, a method must be adopted 
 with which the captain cannot elude a ready and implicit 
 compliance. 
 
 " Mr. Palk had a Bengal and a European servant on board. 
 The former was promised a passage out again to India. The 
 latter has not yet received any wages. They both wait here, and 
 will proceed agreeable to directions. Meantime I supply them 
 with what money is necessary for their subsistence. 
 
 " My stay in England cannot be long. I wish to wait on 
 Mr. Palk's relations, and on many accounts am anxious to get 
 to London. I hope there will be as little delay as possible, at 
 least after the arrival of Major Macgowane. 
 
 " Now, Gentlemen, as the captain conceals every information 
 he has derived from the perusal of Mr. Palk's papers, I do not 
 even know the address of any of his relations. Permit me to 
 request of you to connnunicate the above as expeditiously as 
 possible. ..." 
 
 " Adam Burt." 
 
 [Holograph, 4 pp., 4to.] 
 
 U) ^ajor John McGowan. Vide No, 350, p. 343, note 1. 
 
338 
 
 [No. 345.] 
 
 Dr. Adam Burt to Major J. McGowan. 
 
 " Memorandum for Major Macgowane from his very obedient 
 servant Adam Burty 
 
 N.D, [1783, circa September 10th.] — " As you mean to wait 
 on Mr. Palk's relations in England, ... I trust that you 
 will communicate to them the various improprieties of Capt. 
 Asquith's behaviour. Without doubt his claims on my account 
 will not escape attention. You are no stranger to the unjusti- 
 fiable manner by which Mr. Palk was compelled to promise to 
 Capt. Asquith the payment of 1,500 rupees for my passage 
 after our embarkation and notwithstanding the sum which 
 Mr. Palk had already given. Besides, the table for Capt. 
 Asquith and his officers has been kept during the voyage entirely 
 at the expence of Mr. Palk, excepting the stores which you 
 brought on board. If Mr. Palk's relations do not dispute the 
 payment of the above 1,500 rupees, they will certainly treat 
 the captain with very undeserved generosity. I shall not be 
 surprised if Capt. Asquith retains in his possession the money he 
 found in Mr. Palk's escritoire, thinking in that way to be sure 
 of payment. If Mr. Palk's relations shall view this claim of 
 the captain in the light in which it appears to me as an 
 unprejudiced person, I will in that case make Capt. Asquith my 
 debtor for attendance on the sick of the ship's company during 
 the passage to Europe, and request of Mr. Palk's friends to 
 delay payment of Capt. Asquith till my bill shall be discharged. 
 
 " You was present when the captain solicited me to attend 
 the sick people on board. When I complied it was by no means 
 from any pecuniary motives. Afterwards, however, I could 
 understand from Mr. Palk's conversation that he meant to 
 advise me to some measures similar to the above. 
 
 " But if Mr. Palk's relations, after your explanation of the 
 alTair, shall on the contrary be of opinion that it is not worth 
 while to elude the payment of 1,500 to Capt. Asquith in addition 
 to the 10,000 which Mr. Palk already paid, then my claim may 
 be laid aside, for I only desire by that means to compel the 
 captain to what Mr. Palk's relations may deem equitable." 
 
 [11 olograph, 2\ pp., Mo. Endorsed in Sir K. Palk's hand] 
 " Mr. Burt's letter bv Major McGowan, and inventory 
 of Mr. Palk's stores."" 
 
 \Knclosure.] 
 
 " After the death of Mr. Robert Palk on board the Surprise 
 Capt. Asquith opened the l)ureau and escritoire of the deceased. 
 I observed that the following articles were contained therein, 
 and I instantly made a memorandum of it : — Gold mohurs, 72 ; 
 ru})ees, 398; guineas, 11: English silver coin. 13 shillings; 
 small gold pieces, 8 ; four bags supposed to contain gold ehecpiins, 
 and marked A, B, C, D ; a small box supposed to contain gold, 
 addressed to Messrs, John Grant and Thoniys Hinchman in 
 
 li 
 
339 
 
 [No. 345. 
 
 Berners Street, London ; 
 of seals : 1 silver wateli 
 
 3 gold watches, chains and a 
 
 variety 
 1 pair gold slee\'e buttons ; a gold 
 stockbuckle ; a diamond breastbuckle ; a silver stock-buckle ; 
 a variety of pocket books and papers contained in them : a 
 Persian seal ring se't in silver ; 2 pairs silver shoe-buckles ; 
 2 sapphire rings ; one l:)rilliant diamond ring ; 1 hoop ring ; 
 several miniature pictures ; Voltaire's works in English, 
 volumes 39. 
 
 " List of Mr. PciWs Stores transcribed from the original in 
 possession of his European servant.'" 
 
 Nos. 
 
 Nos. 
 
 I & 2 Chests of Kico, 12 Maunds. 
 
 3 Chest of Waters. 
 
 4 Lime and Mango Slirub, 1 doz. 
 
 of each. 
 
 5 Waters. 
 
 G Cherutes, 32,000. 
 7 ,, in Bagfuls. 
 
 8 & 9 Four pipes of Rum. 
 
 10 Contains 2 doz. Brandy, 2 doz. 
 Rum, 15 Bottles of Lime 
 Juice, and 6 bottles of 
 Barley. 
 
 II to 20 Potatoes. 
 21 to 24 Yams. 
 
 25 Contains C Hams and 5 
 Tongues. 
 26 to 29 Sugar Candy. 
 
 30 Europe Pickles. 
 
 31 Sago. 
 
 32 to 40 Biscuits. 
 
 41 
 
 42 
 
 43 
 
 44 
 45 
 46 
 47 
 
 48 
 49 & 50 
 
 51 
 
 52 
 
 53 
 
 54 
 55 & 56 
 
 57 
 
 58 
 
 59 
 
 60 
 
 61 
 
 62 
 63 
 64 & 65 
 
 Contains 1 Saddle, 2 Bridles, 
 
 2 Pistols, some Powder and 
 
 Shot. 
 10 doz. Madeira, 20 bottles of 
 
 Hock, and 3 of white 
 
 Brandy. 
 4 doz. and 10 bottles of Cyder, 
 
 21 bottles of Rum, and 22 
 
 of Mango Shrub. 
 12 doz. of Claret. 
 Chest of Waters. 
 Contains 12 doz. of Porter. 
 2 doz. of Vinegar, 2 doz. of 
 
 Lime Juice, 1 doz. of Sweet 
 
 Oil and 6 bottles of Mustard. 
 Box of Limes. 
 Mango Pickles, 1800. 
 Onions. 
 Raisins. 
 
 Sweetmeats and Limes. 
 Bamboo Pickles. 
 Onions. 
 
 Ginger and Garlick. 
 Preserved Tamarinds. 
 20 Bottles of Butter. 
 Biscuit. 
 10 Ijottlos of Tamai'ind Syrup, 
 
 10 do. of Honey. 
 Butter, 16 jars. 
 
 Portalile Soup and Sweetmeat;. 
 Gingerbread Nuts. 
 
 [Holograph, 3 pp., 4to.] 
 
 66 Jar of Dates. 
 
 67 Box of Curry Stuffs. 
 
 68 Europe Sweetmeats. 
 
 69 Sugar, 20 seer. 
 70 to 75 Rice. 
 
 76 to 89 Paddy for the Fowls. 
 90 to 92 Saltpetre. 
 
 93 Contains 2 case bottles of Gin, 
 
 1 silver Teapot . . . 1 silver 
 Sauce pan, 1 smaller do., a 
 silver CofTee-iJot, 5 bottles 
 of Coffee, one silver Plate, 
 a silver Bowl, 6 parcels of 
 Tobacco, Spoons, Knives, 
 Forks, Plates, Cups, W'ine 
 glasses, etc. 
 
 94 Ghee, 15 seer. 
 
 95 Wax Candles, also 1000 Eggs. 
 
 96 Cotte and Beddmg. 
 97 & 98 Salt and Tamarinds. 
 
 99 Wax Candles, Cloves, Cinna- 
 mon, Nutmeg, small Box 
 of Essences. 
 
 100 Walnuts. 
 
 101 Chest of Silver Plate, 30 
 
 different articles, and 2 doz. 
 of Knives and Forks. 
 
 102 Shaving Box, Washing Bason 
 
 and Bottle. 
 
 103 Walnuts. 
 
 104 Chalk. 
 
 105 to 108 Sugar Candy. 
 
 109 Bag of Coffee. 
 
 110 Linen; also some pieces of 
 
 India Cloth. 
 Ill to 113 Linen. 
 
 114 Cloathes, Linen. 
 
 115 Linen. 
 
 116 Settee. 
 
 117 Box of various necessaries. 
 
 118 Tea and Coffee. 
 
 119 Linen and Cloaths. 
 
 120 Box of Hats, and a Firelock. 
 
 121 Coats and Linen. 
 
 122 Books. 
 
 — 1 Bureau, 2 Chairs, a Table, 
 an Escritoire, 2 Glass Lamps, 
 a filtering Stone. 
 Live Stock. 12 Turkeys, 26 Geese, 30 
 Ducks, 220 Fowls, 30 Sheep, 8 
 Goats, 6 Kids, 10 Hogs, 5 Deer. 
 
 Adam Burt." 
 
 A true copy. 
 
340 
 
 [No. 346.] 
 D[avid] Asquith to [Sir] Robert Palk, Briiton Street, London. 
 
 1783, September 12th, Surprise packet. Limerick, Received 
 14th October. — " I am sorry to inform yon of the death of Mr. 
 Robert Palk, who departed this hfe May 21st on his passage to 
 Europe. ^L-. John Nimmo, who goes up with the packet, will 
 inform you of the particulars. He has left sundry articles on 
 board, consisting of plate, some money in Venetians,'^) and 
 wearing apparel. He has two servants. I shall be glad of 
 your instructions for sending those things round to you, or in 
 what manner you chuse to have them disposed off. Mr. Burt 
 was ordered to attend him home as doctor, for whose passage 
 Mr. Palk agreed to pay 1,500 Rs. He has mentioned it in a 
 small diary he kept Avhile alive, and he likewise mentioned it to 
 the doctor and Major McGowan." 
 
 "D. Asquith." 
 
 [Holograph, 1 p., Uo. Wax seal, defaced.^ 
 
 [No. 347.] 
 Dr. Adam Burt to [Sir] Robert Palk. 
 
 1783, September 16th, Limerick. Received 3rd October. — 
 " Immediately after my arrival at this place I wrote to Messrs. 
 Websters, enclosing a letter which I hope they will forward 
 without delay. As I did not then know your address, I was 
 obliged to take that method of communicating to his friends 
 the death of Robert Palk, Esq., on board the Surprise packet 
 bound from Bengal to Europe. He had been attacked with 
 an epilepsy, and on that account quitted India. I was ordered 
 by the Governor and Council of Bengal to attend a[s] surgeon 
 to that gentleman during his voyage to Europe. You may 
 readily conceive how much the fatal termination of his disease 
 is to me a subject of regret. 
 
 '' In the letter to which I allude I also mentioned that the 
 captain of the ship had conducted himself with great impro- 
 priety, in my opinion, with regard to the effects of the deceased, 
 and that I was determined to stay here till I should hear from 
 the relations, and endeavour to procure for them a satisfying 
 account of matters. I am happy to say that I believe the 
 property of Mr. Palk on board the Surprise is now in security. 
 The captain is now sensible of what a serious nature the irregu- 
 larities of his conduct M'^ere, and he has adopted measures with 
 which I readily coincided because I thought they tended to the 
 preservation of Mr. Palk's el'fects. Everything which belonged 
 to that gentleman remaining on board the Surprise packet was 
 locked up and sealed in presence of Captain Asquith, two ofllcers 
 of the shi]), Mr. Louch, agent for Colonel AVatson in Bengal, 
 the owner of the ship, the late Mr. Palk's servants, and myself. 
 The money, the diamond rings and pearls, also all the kees are 
 
 U) Sequins, 
 
341 [No. 347. 
 
 deposited with Mr. Lyons, agent for the India Coni])any in this 
 place. 
 
 '' I am sorry that I referred for a just accoinit of the business 
 to Major Maegowane, who came a passenger in tiie Surprise. 
 He said that he had bussiness with Mr. Palk's relations, and at 
 any rate intended to wait on them. The Major had a disj)ute 
 with the captain at sea, but they both behaved with civility 
 to each other afterwards. I relied so far on the Major as to 
 belie\e that in a matter of such importance to me he would 
 represent things impartially. But I am surprised to find that 
 before he left this place he gave an exaggerated account of the 
 improprieties of Captain Asquith's behaviour to the agent for 
 the Company. The bad conduct of the captain does not require 
 to be magnified. ... It is therefore necessary for me to 
 say that my memorandums with which I have entrusted Major 
 Maegowane are to be relied on as conveying my sentiments . . , 
 
 " When Captain Asquith opened the bureau and escritoire 
 of the deceased, it was in the presence of Major Maegowane and 
 myself, and the watches, rings and other trinkets I saw sealed 
 up. But the captain appeared to me to be most culpable in 
 not taking an inventory of the papers which he took into his 
 possession, though I advised him to it. That neglect first 
 awakened in me suspicions of the captain's intentions, and the 
 imputing it to an impertinent curiosity in him to peruse private 
 papers is perhaps the best construction which it will bear. 
 Several expressions which the captain used enereased my doubts 
 as to his honesty. . . . 
 
 " Mr. Palk's servants are now gone on board to keep an eye 
 over e\'ery thing w^iicli belonged to their late master. But as 
 they entertained the same ideas as to the captain's intentions 
 that I did, they would not remain in the ship till affairs were 
 more regularly gone about, lest they sliould be deemed answer- 
 able for any thing which might afterwards be missed. 
 
 " I will willingly proceed agreeable to directions, and will 
 forward or carry along with me every thing belonging to Mr. 
 Palk with the greatest care in case I shall be so authorized . . ." 
 
 " Adam Burt." 
 
 [Holograph, 4 pp., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 348.] 
 Dr. Adam Burt to [Sir Robert Palk], 
 
 1783, October 3rd, Limerick.— I have just received your letter 
 of the 22nd September in reply to mine of the 10th, but I shall 
 remain here until I get your answer to mine of the 16th. I have 
 no ^^■ish to injure Captain Asquith, but there are circumstances 
 which render me suspicious of him. 
 
 '' Captain Asquith eonnnanded a small vessell some time ago 
 in India. She was bound from Bengal to Madrass with a cargo 
 of rice, and insured for the voyage at the risque of a societv' 
 
No. 348.] 342 
 
 in which Mr. Palk was principally concerned. The captain 
 thought proper to call at Trincomallee with a view, as was said, 
 to get a good price for some commodity of his own. The ship 
 was taken from that circumstance, and the owners lost their 
 property, who certainly had great reason to blame Captain 
 Asquith. This account I had from Mr. Palk himself. I could 
 clearly understand from the captain's conversation that he had 
 perused Mr. Palk's papers about that bussiness, and he hinted 
 that the claim upon the underwriters would probably be 
 renewed. Since we arrived here I accompanied the captain to 
 see all Mr. Palk's effects on board sealed up, ... I then 
 insisted that the papers, which the captain brought from his 
 own trunk, should be put up by themselves, and that he should 
 mark them accordingly, with which he complied. 
 
 " The captain talked of exposing letters for Sir Thomas 
 Rumbold directed to be delivered by Mr. Palk into the hands of 
 Sir T. or his uncle. He threatened to flog Mr. Palk's servant 
 to oblige him to give up a list of Mr. Palk's stores," though a 
 copy would have served every purpose. " I hope soon to 
 elucidate more fully the cause of my proceedings . . . when 
 I shall have the honour of a personal interview with you." 
 
 " Adam Burt." 
 
 [Holograj)h, S pp., Mo.] 
 
 [No. 349.] 
 Dr. Adam Burt to Sir Robert Palk, Bart. 
 
 1783, October 6th, Limerick. — I shall remain here for a few 
 days longer in the hope of receiving definite instructions from 
 you respecting the effects of your nephew. I fear you have 
 found it dillicult to fornx a just opinion from the captain's com- 
 munications, the reports of Major McGowan and the 1st mate, 
 and my own letters. " I was afraid that the Major was influenced 
 too nuich by prejudice against the captain, and might perhaps 
 advise you to measures whicli . . , would in the end turn 
 out abortive. I imdcrstood that before the Major left this 
 place he shewed the memorandiuns with whicli I had entrusted 
 him ... to different gentlemen here, and endeavoured by 
 them to corroborate his own accounts, which were that the 
 captain had certainly embezzled the property of the late Mr. 
 Palk. I readily submit to your decision when you shall have 
 arrived at a thorough knowledge of this bussiness, whether or 
 not the cautions were proper which I gave against the prejudice 
 that influenced the Major." 
 
 As regards the ca})tain's claim for 150/. for my passage, I 
 suggest yoiu' delaying decision until you have examined your 
 nephew's papers. . . . 
 
 " Adam Burt." 
 
 [Iloloiiraph, S^ pp., Mo.] 
 
343 
 
 [No. 350.] 
 Major J. McGowan'^' to [Sir Roi^ert Palk]. 
 
 1783, October 10th, London, — " I had the honor to receive 
 your letter of the 6th instant. . . . I was present at the opening 
 of Mr. Palk's papers to look for a will, but none, I believe, 
 was found by the captain of the ship. From a knowledge that 
 I had of your nephew's method and attention to his affairs, and 
 that he knew the dangerous tendency of his complaint, I must 
 own I felt greatly disappointed in my expectations in not findiiig 
 either a will or memorandum which could give the desired infor- 
 mation. When you arrive in town I will do myself the honor 
 to wait on you." 
 
 " J. McGowAN." 
 
 [Holograph, 1| p., ^to.] 
 
 [No. 351.] 
 Dr. Adam Burt to Sir Robert Palk, Bart. 
 
 1783, October 14th, Limerick. — " Last night I was favoured 
 with your letter of the 4th October. . . . Captain Asquith 
 at first made objections to delivering any thing over to my 
 charge . . . principally because you sent no order directly 
 to him. Captain Hall, who resides in this town, acquaints me 
 that he is desired by you to assist me . . . By his advice 
 Captain Asquith consents to deliver to me the money and 
 papers. 
 
 " Mr. Louch, agent for the ship, positively refuses to allow 
 any of the effects of the late Mr. Palk to be carried round to 
 England in the Surprise, Limerick being the destined port. 
 I shall therefore provide boats, and . . . will superintend 
 the landing of Mr. Palk's effects. They must be deposited in the 
 Custom House here till some person authorized by you shall 
 demand and forward them in a vessel bound for London. 
 Probably there may be some things which are seizable. I am 
 informed that you can procure an order for the Collector here to 
 deliver the effects to be forwarded to the India House. . . . 
 Captain Hall promises his services. 
 
 " I really do not know whether or not Mr. Palk left any will. 
 On the 14th Mav he was seized with violent convulsions, and 
 continued totally insensible . . . till the 20th. Consequently 
 he gave no directions. ... It was thought that the papers were 
 not safe in any part of the ship : they were accordingly landed, 
 and have remained sealed up in the Custom House. ... I 
 propose to set off for London two days after this." 
 
 " Adam Burt." 
 
 [Holograph, 3 pp., -Uo.] 
 
 (1) John McGowan entered the Bengal infantry as Heutenant hi 17li7. On 
 becoming major in 1781 he accompanied Colonel Pearse's force hi its mardi Irum 
 Miduapur to Madras. lie was promoted lieut. -colonel in 1788. 
 
344 
 
 [No. 352.] 
 wSoBER Hall to [Sir Robert Palk]. 
 
 1783, October 14th, Limerick. — " I was favoured last night 
 with your letter of the 4th of this month, and have advised 
 Mr. Burt to get what things are witli the captain at Mr. Lyons's, 
 and proceed with them to you, as I hear they are mostly the 
 papers of your deceased nephew, and may be of much con- 
 sequence. I find that Mr. Louch, the agent for Colonel Watson, 
 who[m] the ship belongs to, has ordered all the chests, trunks, 
 etc., that are now on board to be sent up to the Custome House 
 here, refusing to let them go round in the ship. ... I will do 
 all I can to forward them to London by the first convenience 
 after I shall receive your orders. Mr. Burt goes down tomorrow 
 morning to bring them up. Should there be any muslines, etc., 
 which might be me[a]nt by my late worthy friend as presents 
 to his relations, I perhaps may be able to get them out here 
 without nmch difficulty, or you might get an order from the 
 Tre[alsury to the Commissioner of the Customes to let them be 
 reship[p]ed here without their being opened. . . ." 
 
 " Sober Hall." 
 
 [Holograph, 2 pp., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 353.] 
 
 James Lyons to [Sir Robert Palk]. 
 
 1783, October 15th, Limerick. — " It having been represented 
 to me by Major McGouan and Mr. Burt that part of the effects 
 of the late Mr. Palk on board was in cash, I gave it as my opinion 
 to have it brought on shore and deposited in the Custom House 
 or in some safe hands, ... as I could not answer for its 
 safety on board, where the vessell lay 20 miles down our river. 
 Accordingly the purser of the ship, Mr. Louch, the captain and 
 Mr. Burt brought it up, and in Mr. Burt's presence were sealed 
 up : and agreable to your letter thev shall be handed to Mr. 
 Burt. ..." 
 
 "James Lyons." 
 
 [Autograph, 1| pp.. Mo.] 
 
 [No. 354.] 
 
 Certificate by Dr. Adam Burt. 
 
 1783, October Kith, Limerick. — At my request Mr. William 
 Douglas, merchant, of Limerick, attended yesterday on board 
 the Surprise as a witness to my protest to Captain Asquith and 
 Mr. liouch against landing f he effects of Mr. Palk. After I had 
 protested a boat was brought alongside and loaded with the 
 goods by the seamen. 
 
 "Adam Burt." 
 
 Attested by " William Douglas." 
 [1 p., flscp.] 
 
345 
 
 [No. 355.] 
 
 Certificate by Dr. Adam Burt. 
 
 1783, October 17th, Limerick. — Mr. Louch, agent for Colonel 
 Watson, having refused to carry the effects of the late Mr. Palk 
 to London or any part of England, and having insisted on send- 
 ing them ashore here, 1 certify that T protested against their 
 being landed. 
 
 " Adam Burt." 
 Certified to be a true statement. 
 
 " Sober Hall." 
 [^p.,flscp.] 
 
 [No. 356.] 
 D[avid] Asquith to [Sir Robert Palk]. 
 
 1783, October 17th, Limerick. — I am surprised to learn from 
 Mr. Burt that you have received no letter from me. I wrote 
 by Mr. John Nimmo, my chief mate, who carried the Company's 
 dispatches and a bundle of letters addressed to the care of the 
 late Mr. Palk. I instructed Mr. Nimmo to call on you in Bruton 
 Street and give you a detailed account of the effects of Mr. Palk. 
 " Why he has not waited on you or delivered my letter remains 
 a mystery to me. If you please to send to the Swan with Two 
 Neck[s] in Lad Lane,'^* where I find Mr. Nimmo is to be heard of, 
 possibly the above letters may be recovered. Some of them, I 
 believe, contained bills of exchange belonging to the particular 
 friends of Mr. Palk. 
 
 " Your not receiving any advices from me must no doubt 
 appear very strange to you. I have only to request you will be 
 kind enough to suspend forming any unfavourable opinion of 
 me till I have the honour of seeing you. ... I have received 
 orders to bring the ship round to London, and now only wait for 
 a favourable wind to proceed. ..." 
 
 " D. Asquith." 
 
 [Holograph, Ih _?:>., 4/o.] 
 
 [No. 357.] 
 Dr. Adam Burt to Sir Robert Palk, Bart. 
 
 1783, October 31st, London. — " This day I have deposited 
 the effects of your nephew, which I brought from IJmerick, in 
 your house in Bruton Street, where I had the honour to receive 
 yours of the 27th instant. You only desired me to bring the 
 articles which were deposited with Mr. Lyons, but Captain Hall 
 concurring with me in opinion that it would give you satis- 
 faction to get the papers as soon as possible, I have also brought 
 all of them that were placed in the Custom House on the 16th 
 ultimo. 
 
 " I do not wonder that you arc surprized at Mr. Louch's 
 behaviour. He and Mr. Lyons, agent for the Company, are 
 
 (1) Now Gresham Street, E.C. 
 
No. 357.] 346 
 
 joined agents for Colonel Watson in Bengal, the proprietor of 
 the vessel. ... 
 
 " I saw 32 packages delivered over to Mr. Sexton Bayllee, 
 Surveyor of the Port of Limerick, among which are a large box 
 for Francis Roberts,*^* at Dr. Lawrence's, Essex Street, Strand, 
 and a small box for Mrs. Elizabeth Ironside, at Twickenham, 
 Middlesex, both by favour of Mr. Palk, The effects were 
 delivered to the Surveyor with the seals entire which had been 
 put on on the 16th ultimo. I was not a little astonished to find 
 almost all the seals broken . . . the next day after they were 
 landed. ... In presence of Mr. Louch and Captain Hall I 
 requested permission again to seal up all the packages, which 
 the Surveyor refused me. He said it was dark when the 
 effects were landed, and the seals might have been broken off 
 by the porters ; l3ut he insisted on inmiediately inspecting all 
 the packages, and that he himself would open them if no other 
 person would be present to superintend it. I told him that I was 
 not answerable for the consequences of landing the effects, yet 
 I would do all in my power towards their preservation, and had 
 witnessed their being delivered over to him to be deposited in 
 the King's stores merely as a place of security. That I would 
 immediately make an affidavit concerning his proceedings, 
 which, if you pleased, might be laid before the Commissioners. 
 This surely alarmed him, for next day he requested of me to seal 
 up all the packages, to which I consented, at the same time 
 observing that sealing them up at that time would not supersede 
 my affidavit, which I made accordingly. 
 
 " Before I left Limerick the Surveyor had set off for Dublin. 
 He gave out that he would lay before the Commissioners infor- 
 mation concerning the contents of Mr. Palk's packages," based 
 on statements of Mr. Louch. I represented to the Collector of 
 Limerick that Mr. Louch could not know anything about the 
 contents. 
 
 " I had so much luggage that I could not possibly bring any 
 of Mr. Palk's servants along with me. Mr. liouch and Captain 
 Asquith had no objection to carry them round in the ship. The 
 European will probably take another mode of conveyance. 
 The Indian proposed officiating as servant to the 2nd mate till 
 their arrival in London, which I encouraged, as I thought it 
 would ensure him protection." " Adam Burt." 
 
 " P.S. — I am to be heard of at Messrs. Websters." 
 
 [Holograph, 4 pp., Mo.] 
 
 [No. 358.] 
 
 Henry McMaiion to Sir Robert Palk, Bart., Bruton Street, 
 
 London. 
 
 1783, November 2nd, Limerick. — I have been engaged by 
 Dr. Burt to look after the effects of Mr. Palk. Directly after 
 
 d' Francis Hcilnifs ,i I'cl^itivc of Mrs. Letitia Ironside. 
 
3^7 L^'o. 358. 
 
 Dr. Burt's departure, Mr. Baillie went to Dublin to see the Com- 
 missioners, and on his return made a seizure of the effeets. He 
 falsely asserts that Dr. Burt offered him 500/. to give up the 
 goods. I propose to file a claim tomorrow lest the effects 
 should be forthwith condenmed, though I am not able to comply 
 with all legal recpiiremcnts ; but I hope you will depute a 
 person who can make a claim in accordance with the Act, of 
 which I enclose an abstract. I have already sent a memorial 
 to the Conunissioners praying for a postponement of proceedings 
 pending investigation. 
 
 " The Speaker of our House of Commons (Mr. Pery) is Baillie's 
 relation and patron, but would by no means countenance him 
 in an act of injustice. I therefore take the liberty to recommend 
 to you either to write yourself, or procure some other gentleman 
 of consequence who may know Mr. Pery, to represent this matter 
 in its true light. If this is done, I have little doubt that Baillie 
 would instantl}^ be checked in his career, which may save much 
 expence. . . ." " Henry McMahon." 
 
 [Holograph, 2^ pp., -ito. Wax seal.] 
 
 Enclosure. Extract from Statute 19 and 20 Geo. Ill, cap. 12, 
 sees. 1 and 2. 
 
 [1 p., Mo.] 
 
 [No. 359.] 
 Sober Hall to Sir Robert Palk, Bart., Bruton Street, London. 
 
 1783, November 3rd, Limerick. — " Finding the goods at the 
 Custome House that were sent from the Surprise are to be con- 
 demned and sold as a legal seizure, I have directed Mr. Henry 
 McMahon, Attorney at Law, to send a petition and a copy of the 
 affadavit sworn to by Mr. Burt to the Commissioners of the 
 Customs at Dublin, in hopes . . . they will give further time, so 
 that you may have an oppertunity to make such application 
 and send over such instructions as you think proper. ..." 
 
 " Sober Hall." 
 
 [Autograph, 1 p., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 360.] 
 
 William Douglas to Sir Robert Palk, Bart., M.P., Bruton 
 
 Street, London. 
 
 1783, November 3rd, Limerick. — Encloses a letter for Dr. 
 Burt, which, in case of the doctor's absence, is to be opened by 
 Sir R. Palk. 
 
 [Holograph, 1 p., Uo. Wax seal.] 
 
 [No. 361.] 
 
 Henry McMahon to Sir Robert Palk, Bart., Bruton Street, 
 
 London. 
 
 1783, November 4th, Limerick. — ■" I yesterday got at the 
 Custom House a copy of the seizing note lodged for the goods 
 in the stores, and found it dated the 15th of October, being about 
 
No. 361.J 
 
 348 
 
 the day the goods were landed, though I am convinced it was 
 not filed until yesterday morning ; but it was intended so as 
 that the time for claiming may expire before you could possibly 
 have an opportunity of putting in a claim according to the Act, 
 of which I sent you an abstract. 
 
 " I instantly tendered a claim such as the nature of the case 
 would admit of. It was peremptorily refused, . . . not being 
 according to law. I immediately prepared and sent off by Post 
 Office express a memorial to the Commissioners. ... I refer 
 you for further particulars to . . . copies of the seizing note, 
 memorial and claim herewith sent." 
 
 " Henry McMahon." 
 
 [Holograph, 1 ]j., 4>to. Wax seal.'\ 
 
 [Enclosures.^ 
 
 No. 1. — Copy of seizing note, dated Port Limerick, loth 
 October, 1783. Signed by S. Baylie, Surveyor, and 
 addressed to George Maunsell, Esq., Collector. 
 
 No. 2. — Copy of claim by Henry McMahon as agent for the 
 owner. Sir Robert Pa Ik, dated Port of Limerick, 3rd 
 November, 1783. 
 
 No. 3. — Copy of further memorial by Henry McMahon to the 
 Chief Commissioners of Revenue, praying that the claim 
 may be admitted. 
 
 [1|- p.,flscp.] 
 
 [No. 302.] 
 
 William Douglas to Sir Robert Palk, Bart,, Bruton Street, 
 
 London. 
 
 1783, November 7th, Limerick. — Encloses a letter for Dr. 
 Burt, which, in case of the doctor's absence, is to be opened by 
 Sir R. Palk. 
 
 [Holograph, 1 p.. Mo. Wax seal.] 
 
 [No. 363.] 
 
 Sober Hall to Sir Robert Palk, Bart., Bruton Street, 
 
 London. 
 
 1783, November 8th, Limerick. — I write for Mr. McMahon to 
 say that the Connnissioners have granted time for the submission 
 of a proper chiim. You might send Dr. I3urt over to make the 
 claim. " Thus far is Mr. HaiHc disappointed, who flattered 
 liimscll' with the notion (jf accelerating matters so as to have 
 the goods condenmed and sold before there would be either a 
 claim or trval. . . ." 
 
 " Sober Hall." 
 
 [Holograph. 1 p., Uo.] 
 
349 
 
 [No. 364.] 
 
 William Young to Sir Robi<:rt Palk, Bart., M.P., Briiton 
 
 Street, London. 
 
 1783, November Dtli, T>inierick. — "Hononred Sir, I am given 
 to understand your honour is heir to my late master, Robert 
 Palk, Ks(j. I think it my duty to aequaint you with the 
 particulars which were taken of his stores after his diseease. 
 I would have acquainted your honour sooner, but Capt. Asqueth 
 has not sailed for London till last Thursday. ... I have a 
 particular accoimt of the contents of each of my late master's 
 trunks and eirects of every kind, as they were all conmiitted 
 to my charge since they left India till landed and lodged in this 
 Custom House. ... I request your honour will be pleased 
 to send me directions whether I am to remain with the effects 
 till they proceed to London, or how I am to conduct myself. 
 At present I am at the house of IMr. William Douglas of this 
 town. ..." 
 
 " William Young." 
 
 [Autograph, If p., 4to. Wax seal.] 
 
 [Enclosures.] 
 
 No. 1.— Copy of " List of Mr. Palk's stores." 
 
 [2 pp., 4/0.] 
 
 No. 2. — " A list of stores belonging to my late master, Robert 
 
 Palk, Esq., expended after his diseease bv order of Capt. 
 
 Asqueth. (i> . . ." " William Young." 
 
 [Autograph, 1 2^- flscp.] 
 
 [No. 365.] 
 
 Willia^i Douglas to Sir Robert Palk, Bart., Bruton Street, 
 
 London. 
 
 1783, November 11th, Limerick. — " Inclosed you have a 
 cop3^ of the Board's letter to the Collector, Never the less Mr. 
 Baylie, Port Surveyor, entered the stores yesterday in company 
 with Mr. James Lyons, merchant in this town, broke open every 
 chest and package belonging to Mr. Palk, rummaged and tossed 
 the whole of his effects. 
 
 " William Young, Mr. Palk's servant, is the bearer of this . . ." 
 
 " William Douglas." 
 
 [Holograph, 1 p., Uo.] 
 
 [Enclosure.] 
 
 Copy of letter from the Board of Customs to George Maunsell, 
 Esq., ("ollector of Customs, Limerick, dated Dublin, 6th Novem- 
 ber, 1783. " The Board direct that the tryal be delayed and a 
 proper time given for making a legal claim." 
 
 [1 p., 4/0.] 
 
 (1) Among the articles exp. ndod were • — 4 doz. Iji-andy, 7 J doz. madeira, 6* doz. 
 waters, 7 doz. shrub, 8 doz. porter, 1 OU-gal. cask of rum broached, 6 tubs sugar 
 candy, 1 bag cheroots, 2 bags walnuts, 15 shpep, 6 goa^s, 4 kids, 3 hogs, 3 turkeys, 
 24 geese, and 72 fowls, 
 
350 
 
 [No. 366.] 
 
 1783, November 15th, London. — Deposition of Adam Burt 
 sworn before William Pfxkham, Lord Mayor, setting forth 
 the circumstances of the landing of Mr. Palk's effects, and their 
 dehvery into the charge of Mr. Sexton Bayhe. 
 
 mp.,flscp.] 
 
 [No. 367.] 
 Dr. Adam Burt to Sir Robert Palk, Bart. 
 
 1783, November 30th, London. — " I have reason for beheving 
 that Captain David x\squith, of the Surprise packet, intends to 
 claim 1,500 rupees on account of my passage, and in addition 
 to the sum which Mr. Palk advanced to him in Bengal. There 
 was not any surgeon belonging to the vessel. At the intreaty 
 of the captain I attended the sick of the ship during the passage. 
 Surely it must be granted that in a ship of so considerable force 
 the assistance of a surgeon in time of war is an adequate recom- 
 pence for the room he occupies on board. I used no other 
 provisions during the voyage but what had been provided at 
 the particular expence of Mr. Palk. I hope therefore that you 
 will not attend to the above demand of the captain till he shall 
 have consented sufficiently to reward me." 
 
 " Adam Burt." 
 
 [Holograph, 1 p., Uo.'\ 
 
 [No. 368.] 
 William Young to [Sir Robert Palk]. 
 
 1783, December 16th, Limerick. — I have the pleasure to 
 inform your honour that the goods are delivered up, and are 
 ready for conveyance to Dublin and thence to the India House. 
 The only cause of delay is Mr. Baylie's bill of expenses, which 
 Captain Hall declines to pay until Mr. McMahon can learn from 
 the Commissioners what amount is just. 
 
 " William Young." 
 [Holograph, 1 _/:>., 4fo.] 
 
 [No. 369.] 
 Sober Hall to [Sir Robert Palk]. 
 
 1784, January 14th, Limerick. — " At last we have been able 
 to get all the chests, etc., out of the Custome House here, and 
 they went off for Dublin under the care of your late nephew's 
 servant (who has behaved with great propriety and attention) 
 and a Custome House officer for Dublin. ... I enclose you 
 a list of the plate and the other articles [of] that seazable nature 
 for your satisfaction and guide when they arrive at the India 
 House. . . ." 
 
 " Sober Hall," 
 [Holograph, 1 p., 4^o.] 
 
351 
 
 [No. 370.] 
 
 Geo[rge] Maunsei.l to [Sir Robert Palk]. 
 
 1784, January 15th, Limerick. — I received orders from the 
 Revenue Commissioners to forward your nephew's goods to 
 Dublin as soon as Mr. Baylie's account was paid. The account 
 was settled for 40/. by your friend Captain Hall and your attor- 
 ney, for which I accepted a bill drawn by William Young on 
 Mr. T. Maunsell,*^' as instructed by you. Mr. Hall and I 
 decided that some of the sea stores, which were not worth the 
 cost of carriage, should be sold. They realized over 37/. The 
 remaining articles are now on their way to Dublin, and I have 
 asked Mr. Maunsell to forward them thence to London without 
 delay. 
 
 " Geo. Maunsell." 
 
 [Holograph, If ji., 4/o.] 
 
 [No. 371.] 
 
 D[avid] Asquith to Sir Robert Palk, Bruton Street, 
 
 London. 
 
 1784, January 21st, Ship Surprise, Downs. — I am surprised 
 to learn from your letter of the 17th January that the things 
 have not been delivered. I have written to Mr. Louch on the 
 subject. The delay is by no fault of mine. 
 
 " D. Asquith." 
 
 [Holograph, 1 p., 4io. Wax seal with arms.] 
 
 [No. 372.] 
 
 Tho[mas] Palk to [Sir Robert Palk]. 
 
 1784, February 2nd, Fort St. George. — " This will be delivered 
 to you by Captain Tod with my little boy Tom. The enclosed 
 paper contains a list of the clothes I have sent with him, meant 
 more as a check upon the servant than any thing else, who is a 
 man that never was employed upon such an occasion before. 
 . . . For Tom's passage I have paid 500 pags., which is 
 more than hath of late been paid for such children, so that I 
 hope the captain will make no farther demand on his account." 
 
 "Tho. Palk." 
 
 " P.S. — The garrison of Palagaut-Cherry, a fort taken during 
 the cessation of hostilities (and after the Embassy'-' had set 
 out) by Colonel Fullarton,'"^' was, in its return to join him, 
 
 '1' Thomas Maunsell was in 1757 one of the Agents for the Army in Bengal. 
 
 (-) The Commissioners dcjiutcd to Mangalore to negotinte with Tijiii. Vide 
 No. 378, p. 35.5, note ]. 
 
 (•^) Lieut.-Colonol \\ illi.uii FuUaiton, commaudiug 11. M. t)Stli Kegt., defended 
 Negapatam against tlic French in 1781.'. On promotion to Colonel in the following 
 year he superseded Ross Lang in command of the Soutliern army, and prosecuted 
 vigorous and successful operations against Tipu and the Poligars of Dindigul and 
 Madura. He took I'alglialcherri in November, 1783, and was preparing to march 
 against Seringapatam when he received orders to suspend hostilities pending nego- 
 tiations with Tipu. His victorious campaign ]e(l (o tbp Peace treaty of JMangaJore 
 pf the 11th March, 1784, 
 
No. 372.] 
 
 352 
 
 having ceded the fort to Tippoo, attacked and sustained a very 
 heavy loss by one of his tributary Poligars. This and other 
 causes of a similar nature will delay the so much desired peace." 
 [Holograph, 1 p., flscp . ] 
 
 [No. 373.] 
 
 Henry Preston to Sir Robert Palk, Bart., Bruton Street, 
 
 London. 
 
 1784, February 2nd, Camp at Trivetore. — " I was prevented 
 by sickness from going to Bengal till the monsoons set in, when 
 I could not possibly get a passage ; which induced me to make 
 application to join a Bengal detachment which was then under 
 orders to march round to Bengal. I was fortunate enough to 
 obtain permission from Colonel Pearce,*^' who had the command 
 of the detachment, to join, and I now enjoy 340 rupees per month. 
 It is to your goodness. Sir, I owe this preferment ; and permit 
 me to return you my most grateful acknowledgments for the 
 many obligations I lie under to you." 
 
 Please forward the enclosed to my brother Fitzgerald in 
 Dublin. 
 
 " Henry Preston." 
 
 [Holograph, 2 j^P-, 4fo.] 
 
 [No. 374.] 
 
 David Asquith to [Sir Robert Palk]. 
 
 1784, February 4th, Ship Surprise, Falmouth. — The quilts 
 which Mr. Louch sent you were the only things belonging to 
 Mr. Palk which remained on board. 
 
 David Asquith." 
 
 [Holograph, 1 p., 4-to.] 
 
 [No. 375.] 
 
 Tho[ma]s Maunsell'-' to [Sir Robert Palk]. 
 
 1784, February 5th, Dublin. — " I had the pleasure to receive 
 your letter of the 22nd in the country, where I have been detained 
 by illness and the severity of the season. I came to town a few 
 days ago, and inuucdiately came to the Custom House about 
 your nephew's ci'fects. In my absence I had a })articular friend, 
 Robert Alexander,*'') to attend to this business. We have done 
 all in our jiower to get the effects lodged with me, and I am 
 really much disappointed it cannot succeed. Mr. Winder**' 
 wrote to you upon the stores being lodged at the Custom House, 
 
 '1' Tliomas Dcane Poarsc entered the Bengal Artillery as Major in 1768, and 
 liecanie Lieut .-fV)l(inol in the following year. In 1781 he commanded a force which 
 was sent from Bengal lo aid Eyre Cuote against Haidar All. After a march of six 
 months Colonel Pearse joined Coote shortly after the battle of Porto Novo. He 
 commanded a Iirigade at the battles of Polilurand Sholinghur, and did good service 
 until his return in 1781 to Bengal, where he died in 1787. 
 
 (2) Vide No. 370, p. :<51, note 1. 
 
 <3) Elder brother of James Alexander. Vide No. 65, p. 92, note 6. 
 
 (4) Thopias \\inder, Secretary to the Commissioners of Customs. 
 
353 [No. 375. 
 
 and unless yon can prevail in Englaiul to have them dehxcred 
 to nic, I shall apply to have them shi})ped by the first vcsscll to 
 London. 
 
 " I was anxious to see William Young, and could not I'md him 
 out till last Tuesday. ... I am sorry for the trouble this 
 poor man met with in his journey from Limerick. He was 
 taken up on a suspicion of being a highway man, and Mr. lAike 
 Flood, a magistrate, wrote to me upon the occasion, whose 
 letter I enclose vou. He was immediatclv discharged, but lost 
 his pistols by the villainy of the people. It was fortunate for 
 him that I was in the country about 13 miles from the place 
 where this affair happened. 
 
 " I shall be impatient to hear what you have done by your 
 application to the Court of Directors and Colonel Barre,<i' and 
 ha\'e only wrote to you now to let you know what has passed 
 at this side. . . ." 
 
 " Thqs- Maunsell." 
 
 [Holograph, 2| 2^P-> ^i^-] 
 
 [Enclosure.] 
 
 Letter from Luke Flood to Thomas Maunsell, dated Corvill, 
 Roundwood, 17th January, 1784. 
 
 " William Young, brought before me this day on suspicion 
 of being a highway man, and who writes to you by the bearer, 
 has mentioned a circumstance of having drawn a draft on you 
 for fourty pound on account of Mr. Palk. I shall be thankful to 
 you for your information if any such transaction happened, 
 and your idea of the matter. Young says he was servant to the 
 deceased Mr. Palk, who was brother to Sir Robert Palk, an 
 English member of Parliament, and is now employed by him 
 in the care of the deceased's property." 
 
 " Lu. Flood." 
 
 [Holograph, 1 p., 4fo.] 
 
 [No. 376.] 
 Tiio[ma]s Maunsell to [Sir Robert Palk]. 
 
 1784, February 14th, Dublin. — " I yesterday received your 
 letter of the 6th to Alexander and me, and went this morning to 
 the Commissioners, from whom I have obtained an order that 
 the effects should be immediately shipped on board the Draper, 
 Capt. Rendell, for London, consigned to you at the India House. 
 I took William Young with me to the Custom House, and shall 
 have him attended to on board ship, as it is certainly better he 
 should go with the effects. . . . 
 
 " I am glad to acquaint you that we shall recover the pistols 
 which were taken from William Young. . . ." 
 
 " Thos Maunsell." 
 
 [Holograph, 1\ p., Uo.] 
 
 (n Colonel Isaac Barr6 (172(3 — 1802), a member of Parliament from 17fil and 
 {(.n active politician, was Paymaster General under Lord Slielburue's Oovernmcnt. 
 
354 
 
 [No. 377.] 
 George Baker to Sir Robert Palke,<i' Bart. 
 
 1784, September 10th, Fort St. George. — " I condole with you, 
 your brother' 2' and family most sincerely on that very affecting 
 circumstance the loss of your nephew Mr. Robert Palke, late 
 of Bengali. . . . Your nephew Mr. T. Palke and family are at 
 Trichinopoly. . . . ('aptain J. Kennaway is with his detachment, 
 encamped near Bimblepatam, from whence I have understood 
 the}^ were to set out on their march to Bengali about the end of 
 October. . . . 
 
 " Sautgur and Amboor were a few days since delivered up 
 to us by Tippoo, and about the same time he was put in posses- 
 sion of Dingigul by us, so that things are said to be fully and 
 amicably adjusted with him, at least for the present. Cuddalore 
 and Trinconomaly still continue in the possession of the French,*-^) 
 owing, it is said, to the want of explicit instructions from 
 Europe. I have understood that Mr. Hastings continues still 
 up the co[u]ntry, and is not expected down till October. He has 
 now, or has had, the King's son with him. Money is, as it has 
 long been, and as it is likely long to continue, very scarce : — 
 the army and civil servants greatly distressed for want of their 
 arrears. . . . About the 25th of last month the Surprise packet 
 layed too for an hour off this road, landed a packet for this 
 place from Europe, and proceeded directly on to Bengali. 
 
 " Sir Edward Hughes, being disappointed in his expectation 
 of relief, will, it is said, sail early in the next month for the other 
 coast, where he may perhaps in the beginning of next year 
 meet it. The distressed state of publick affairs at home kecp[s] 
 this co[u]ntry in sad disorder. Some sisteni for the good 
 government of India is surely much wanted. God send that 
 that which may be adopted may be perfect in proportion to 
 the great length of time that has been bestowed on the 
 investigation of the subject. . . ." 
 
 " George Baker." 
 
 " P.S. — I have understood that Mr. John Sulivan'^' has 
 obtained leave to come down to the Presidency. It is said 
 that he has made a large fortune at Tanjore by being concerned 
 in providing grain, j:»rovision and stores for the troops to the 
 southward in tlie hitc war, and that he means to return to Europe. 
 In that case there will be a vacancy in the Residency at that 
 place, which I suppose your nephew Mr. T. Palke would be 
 glad to fill if it could be procured for him. G.B." 
 
 [Holograph, 7| pp., Uo. Duplicate.] 
 
 (1) An old spelling revived. Cf. Devonshire Wills, C. Worthy. 
 
 (2) Walter Palk. father of Robert Palk, jun. 
 
 '•') Delay was due <o Ihe conlention l>y the Frencli that tlio restitution of Trin- 
 conialee to (ho HiKisli was to he only formal, pendinK (he iiiuufdiati' (raiisfer of 
 the port to (he Didch. The Madras (!overnmeii( liad ni> kno\\ii'tlgi' of such an 
 agreement, and referred tiie ma(ter to England in .Tidy, 1781. 
 
 '•*' John Sulivan had been Resident at Tanjore since 178(1, when Stephen Sulivau 
 resigned the post to which he had then just been appointed, 
 
355 
 
 [No. 378.] 
 Chocapaii to the Hoiiblo. Sir Robert Palk, Baronet. 
 
 1784, September 11th, Madrass. — Since I last wrote, Messrs. 
 Sadlcir, Hiulleston and Stannton'D made peace with Tippoo 
 at Mangalore, and return(Hl in April to Madras. 
 
 " Lord Maeartney*^) and the Nabob do not agree at all in 
 any respect, bnt his Lordship is very honest and do[es] not 
 receive anv present nor allowance from anv bodv ; but he has a 
 long dispute with | the] Governor General and Council of Bengal 
 about [the] Nabob's affairs. . . . 
 
 " General Bussey is at Pondichery, and their forces is about 
 one thousand Europeans both at Pondichery and Cuddalore, 
 and the rest he sent away to Mauritius, and he is in very great 
 distress to feed those troops now with him. And upon some 
 disputes between them and our Government on account of 
 Tricamally(3) the French do not deliver up Cuddalore to us nor 
 take charge of Pondichery." 
 
 No taxes are collected at Pondichery either by the British 
 Resident or the French. Trade is bad and money scarce. 
 
 " Chocapaii." 
 
 [Autograph, 2 pp., 4-to.] 
 
 [No. 379.] 
 H.H. the Nawab Walajah to Sir Robert Palk, Bart. 
 
 1784, September 15th, Chepauck. — " You are my old friend 
 and have been the faithful servant of the Company in an exalted 
 station in this Government. During your government the 
 affairs of the Company were conducted with honour, propriety 
 and advantage ; and you was an eye witness to the friendship 
 and support which I shewed towards the Company, and the 
 sincerity, chearfulness and punctuality with which I paid my 
 current charges with them. But now the misconduct of the 
 Company's servants is the sole cause of the ruin in which their 
 affairs and those of the public and their friends are involved. 
 
 " Lord Macartney has brought utter ruin upon all the affairs 
 of his employers, their friends and the public. In return for 
 the good I have done his Lordship has done every injury to me, 
 my family and eoimtry. Large sums of money from the 
 revenues of my countiy have been dissipated and made away 
 with, and not brought into the Company's treasury to my 
 credit. In short, my friend, a full detail of liOrd Macartney's 
 evil conduct towards me and the public would fill volumes. 
 I request therefore to refer you for particulars to Mr. James 
 
 (1) A Commission consisting of Anthony Sadlcir, John Iludleston and George 
 Staunton, the last of whom wa» the Governor's private secretary, had lieen sent to 
 Mangalore to arrange terms with Tipu. A treaty wns ronchided on the 11th 
 March, 1781, whereby restitution of prisoners was agreed to. Those released by 
 Tipu in March and April numbered 1,140 British and about 3,000 native soldiers. 
 
 '■-) Lord Macartney assumed charge as Governor in June, 17S1, 
 
 (3) Trincomalee, in Ceylon. Vide No. 377, p. 354, 
 
No. 379.] 356 
 
 Macpherson,'^' and I flatter myself no exertions on your part 
 will be wanting to the reestablishment of my government 
 and country. 
 
 " It was during my friend's time that the last peace with 
 France w^as concluded, and you know that Monsr Law, who 
 came out as Commissary on the part of the French King, though 
 the villages around Pondichery had been dependant on it from 
 ancient time, yet he did not think it right or proper to hoist 
 the French flag in Pondichery, or to receive the said villages 
 without my concurrence and authority, nor untill he had sent 
 a Vackeel to me and had an interview himself at Sadrass. In 
 that business you was pleased to show me every token of honour 
 and respect, and you gave me every friendly information and 
 support : we were both one and the same. But now, though 
 the King of Great Britain has engaged in his late treaty with 
 France to procure for that nation the cession of two additional 
 districts*-' of my country, to which the French can claim no 
 right, and as the acquisition will greatly increase their power 
 in this country, they consequently should be bound by stronger 
 restrictions than heretofore with a view to the good of the 
 Carnatic and of the English possessions in this part ; yet Lord 
 Macartney, in his implacable enmity towards me and my family, 
 has endeavoured to deprive me totally of my inherent rights ; 
 and though I chearfully consented to the cession of the districts 
 to the French agreeable to the engagements of his Majesty the 
 King of Great Britain, yet his Lordship denied me the privilege 
 of giving away my own countries, and determined to surrender 
 them to the French without my interference and without making 
 them enter into any Crarnamah.'-^' His Lordship accordingly 
 signified to Monsf Bussy, through his own private secretary 
 Mr. Staunton, that he possessed the sovreignty of the Carnatic, 
 and that all negotiations must be entered into with him. But 
 Bussy, though an enemy, denied his Lordship's position, as you 
 will iniderstand from the letter to Lord Macartney on this 
 subject. I write this for your information. 
 
 " My friend will be pleased to recollect that it was himself 
 who delivered to me the letter which was addressed me by the 
 late Earl of Chat[h]am, the father of the present Minister, Mr. 
 Pitt. You have now a hap])y opportunity of exerting your 
 interest with the Minister and your other friends ibr the 
 re-establishment of my affairs, and I trust that your exertions 
 will not be wanting. 
 
 " May you long enjoy every earthly blessing. What can I 
 say more ? " 
 
 [3 pp.y demy. Duplicate.] 
 
 (1) James IVIacplRTSon idok over clmr^'c of Walajah's intcrcsls in Enplaml from 
 his cousin Joiin wiion the latter sailed for India to become a membci- of the 
 Supreme^ Council. 
 
 '-) The villages of Villenour and l^ahour, which now form part of rondicherry 
 territory. 
 
 '•" Crarnamah, Pers., kamr-nfnua, n written airroement, 
 
357 
 
 [No. 380.] 
 A[BRAirAM] Welland'1' to Sir Robert Palk, Bart. 
 
 1784, September 18th, Calcutta. Received Kith October, 
 1785. — I am pleased to hear that my cousin Abraham*^' is 
 coming to India. I shall of course render him all assistance in 
 my power. " The expences I incurred at Madrass are 
 undoubtedly very great, but believe me, had I not received 
 Mr. Thomas Palk's approbation for every article I bought, I 
 would not have spent half the money I did. 
 
 " How very much the times are altered since you was in 
 India, when a person was satisfied with one or two servants ! 
 I can assure you a Writer in Bengal can not now exist under an 
 establishment of less than thirty. The goodness of INIr. Hastings 
 to the black people has lain us under this imposition." However, 
 I live as economically as possible. 
 
 " Your very dutiful and affectionate nephew, A. Welland." 
 
 [Holograph, 6 pp., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 381.] 
 Mrs. C[atharine] Palk to [Sir Robert Palk]. 
 
 1784, October 8th, Trichinapoly. Received 23rd October, 
 1785.'^^ — " I have had the pleasure to receive your letter of 
 the 15th of February, and the satisfaction it affords me is more 
 than I can express, particularly for your too kind assurance of 
 taking care of my children in England. . . . 
 
 " My Tom is, I hope, by the blessing of the Almighty safe 
 arrived, of which I am very anxious to hear. We could not 
 possibly hear of him since he left the Cape, when he was well. 
 Catharine is my next, who is four years old. I shall embrace 
 the first good opportunity for sending her to England. My last 
 is Bob, and as every parent is proud of its own, I cannot help 
 saying he is a very fine child, and I flatter myself with hopes 
 that by the time he comes of age to be sent also, that we shall 
 be able to accompany him ourselves. 
 
 " The loss of our valuable brother was somewhat unexpected, 
 as we flattered ourselves that the voyage would restore him to 
 health. We feel the loss most sensibly. 
 
 " An end being put to a dreadful war enabled me to return 
 here with ^Ir. Palk in April last. I hope we shall be allowed 
 to remain here for the future undisturbed. . . . 
 
 " Your most obliged and most affectionate niece, C. Palk." 
 
 [Holograph, 2^ pp., Uo.] 
 
 (1) Abraham Welland, brotlior of Lieut. Richard Welland, R.N., and son of Sir 
 Robert Palk's sister Grace Welland. 
 
 <2) Thomas Al)raham, son of Robert Abraham of Gurrington, near Ashl)urton, 
 was born in 1769 and died in 1818. He was a cousin of Sir Robert Palk, whose 
 mother was Frances Abraham. 
 
 (3) The Pigot, which was to have left for England on the 15th Oct. 1784, was 
 employed locally, and did not sail on the homeward voyage until Feb., 1785. 
 
358 
 
 [No. 382.] 
 Tho[ma]s Palk to Sir Robert Palk. 
 
 1784, October 10th, Trichinapoly. Received 23rd October, 
 1785. — Your acceptance of the care of my boy Tom without 
 my having first obtained your approbation impresses me with 
 the deepest sense of gratitude. " Had it pleased the Ahnighty 
 to have spared my poor brother, he would no doubt have taken 
 those charges upon himself. This imhappy e\ ent was first inti- 
 mated to me by a town report, nor did I see any letter confirming 
 it for many days, so that I was in a painful melancholy suspence 
 during that period. He appears to have possessed a very 
 handsome fortune. 
 
 " Though the peace took place in March last, it is only within 
 the last month that a final exchange of places took place, 
 owing to, I believe, some delay occasioned by the Supreme 
 Council, who, it seems, do not altogether approve of the Treaty, 
 as the Nabob has been totally excluded therefrom. To such a 
 length hath private animosity gone forth ! The Supreme Council 
 have taken up the matter very warmly, and have threatened 
 our Select Committee w4th suspension should they not open an 
 immediate negotiation with Tippoo, and insist upon the Nabob's 
 being inserted in the Treaty. The Committee have peremptorily 
 refused doing it, and it is expected that a change in this Govern- 
 ment will very soon take place. It appears to me to be at present 
 a very unhappy one, that gives general disapprobation and 
 disgust. It is a very happy circumstance for the Coast that a 
 man of Mr. Hastings's experience and abilities guides the helm. 
 He proves himself a man of inexhaustable resource. The 
 Directors and Company between them have irritated him a 
 great deal . . . , but he has too much honor to leave them 
 in tiie hour of danger, and hath proven that no ill treatment 
 whatever can swerve him from the publick good. He set out 
 on a tour through the provinces in February last, and returned 
 to Calcutta only in August. You will no doubt, Sir, hear from 
 better authority than mine tJie good which hath been derived 
 from this excursion to the publick. 
 
 " Mrs. Palk wishes to have sent her a picture of her son Tom. 
 Should you think of it, Sir, you will oblige us by getting one 
 taken , . . ." 
 
 " Tho. Palk." 
 
 [Holograph, 4 pp., 4^o.] 
 
 [No. 383.] 
 
 George Raker to Sir Robert Palk, Rart. 
 
 1784, October 10th, Fort St. George. — " I know of no publick 
 news worth your notice except the mutinous disposition of the 
 Army, which has shewn itself a second time very lately. The 
 3Gtli Regiment took to their arms, and were with difficulty 
 
359 [No. 383. 
 
 prevailed on to lay them down after one of the most active had 
 been blown from a gun. Tlieir complaint was the want of their 
 arrears, aggravated perhaps by the knowledge of all Batta but 
 in a few particular places being to be taken off about the end 
 of the year. This, it seems, has been resolved on in Committee, 
 and may perhaps have been published in General Orders. It 
 may be difficult wholly to suppress the spirrit of dissatisfaction 
 for a long time, and perhaps equally so to pay up their arrears 
 in a short one. The different Powers of Hindostan are . . . 
 at peace, but the rumour of an approaching rupture between 
 the Nizam and Maratahs as allyes and Tippoo is very prevalent. 
 Some think that in such a case w^e shall keep aloof. . . . 
 
 " Sir Edward Hughes sailed early this morning with his 
 squadron for the other coast. A dispute having arisen in our 
 Select Committee between the Gove[r]nor and Mr. Sadleir (our 
 friend) about the time of the Jiino^s departure, the former gave 
 the latter at the Council Board the lye direct. This terminated 
 in a duel between them after the Juno sailed. <i* The Governor 
 was wounded, but not dangerously, in the left side. The 
 partyes are said to be reconciled — in appearance only I should 
 suppose. 
 
 " I had got thus far in my letter, and was about to tell you 
 that the Cormvallis arrived here on the 7th instant, wiien Mr. 
 Abraham* 2* came into my room with your most kind and 
 acceptable favor of the nineth of March last. I offered him and 
 indeed pressed him to accept of a room with me dureing his 
 short stay here, but he being as he said well accommodated 
 with Captain Abercrombie in the Fort, and being to depart in 
 a very few days for Bengali, declined the acceptance of it. . . . 
 It appears that the Cornwallis has been remarkably healthy, 
 haveing not buryed a man since she left England. My residence 
 is at St. Thome : Mr. Abraham might perhaps think the situation 
 inconvenient. 
 
 " We are indeed in quiet possession of the Carnatick, but it is 
 desolated to the extent of any representation that I have seen 
 of it ; depopulated, uncultivated and deprived of its manu- 
 factures of course. And, what I conceive to be no inconsiderable 
 thing, its stock of cattle of every species exhausted by the 
 destruction or pillage of the late enemy, or the consumption of 
 the Army, Settlement and Squadron for draught, carryage 
 and food. A country in such a state surely requires time to 
 recover itself before it can either furnish the sinews of war, the 
 means of commerce or a sourse for revenue. Pardon, I pray 
 you, the obtrusion of these reveries. . . ." 
 
 " George Baker." 
 
 [Holograph, 6 pp., flscp.] 
 
 (1^ The duel was settled with pistols at ten paces on the 24th September. 
 Alexander Davidson acted as Macartney's second. Major John Grattan of H.M.'s 
 100th Regiment, as Sadleir 's. 
 
 '2) Thomas Abraham. Vide No. 380, p. 357, note 2. 
 
360 
 
 [No. 384.] 
 Tho[mas] Palk to [Sir Robert Palk]. 
 
 1784, October 12th, Trich[inopol]y. Received 22nd April, 
 1786. — " I did myself the pleasure to address you by the Pigot ; 
 and this is chiefly to introduce to you Major Geils,'i' who is 
 lately arrived from England, but owing to the neglect of the 
 Court of Directors is obliged to return thither for ascertaining 
 what corps he is to serve in, which after 19 years' zealous and 
 faithful service is a hard case. He is a very brave and excellent 
 officer in various departments of the service. Upon those 
 grounds may I presume. Sir, to hope that you will promote his 
 views so far as to hasten his return to this country ? . . . " 
 
 " Tho. Palk." 
 
 [Holograph, 1 p., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 385.] 
 
 Tho[mas] Palk to Sir Robert Palk, Bt., Bruton Street, 
 
 London. 
 
 1784, November 20th, Trich[inopol]y. — Advises despatch of 
 a piece of muslin for Miss Palk by the hand of Captain Gardner, 
 102nd Regiment. 
 
 [Holograph, 1 p., -ito. Wax seal inscribed " Thomas Palk " 
 in Persian characters]. 
 
 [No. 386.] 
 Henry Vansittart, jun., to Sir Robert Palk. 
 
 1784, December 4th, Calcutta. — " I am exceedingly obliged 
 to you for your congratulations to me on my marriage, '^^ and 
 for the kind notice which you. Lady Palk and my cousins have 
 taken of your new relation[s]. It is a circumstance esteemed 
 extremely fortunate by them, and brings to mind the friendly 
 attentions which Mrs. Powney experienced from you at Madras. 
 They hope to enjoy the continuance of your regard, and do not 
 doubt of making you every return of gratitude which it is in the 
 power of sincerity to inspire. ... 
 
 " Kennaway, in a joint letter with me, has informed you 
 fully of the state of your nephew's affairs. We hope that, im- 
 mediately after your knowledge of the contents of his will, you 
 will send us explicit instructions regarding the legacies and the 
 disposal of the property remaining in this country. It is now 
 almost confined to the house in Calcutta and the Company's 
 
 <l> Tlioinas Gcils entered the Madras Artillery in 1707. He was transferred in 
 tiie followinj? year to the Engineers, and, as ('aptain, was employed in 177!» on the 
 deiuulilion of th(> fortifiealions of Tondieherry. On his return in 1781 from home 
 leave the Directors fiiilcti (o speeify the corps with which Major Geils was to 
 serve, luil, aflcr eonsulf.itidii witli (i.-ierals ('.lilijuid and Sir Hol'crt Barker, (hey 
 posted liim in 1 7S7 to the Artillery as Lieut. -Colonel. lie hecame Major-General in 
 17!Mi, and was Ojmmandant of Artillery durinj^- the mutiny at St. Thcmias's Alount 
 in 17!)S. For his action on that occasion he was censured. He married Mary Pascal 
 in 177:5, and diccl in Scotland in 181."). 
 
 '-' Henry Vansittart, jun., married Miss t'atiurinc Ann I'ownc) at Calcutta in 
 I'Vluuary, 1783. 
 
361 [No. 386. 
 
 bonds. The house, I think, should not be sold for much less 
 than 50,000 S.Rs. . . . 
 
 " Mr. Hastings has rejoined us in Calcutta, but before his 
 return had the misfortune to lose his only friend in Council, 
 Mr. Wilder. The other members have not yet eonmieneed an 
 active opposition, but the Settlement is now trembling and 
 confounded with the expectation of a change of Government. 
 Mr. Hastings has declared himself on the point of departure, 
 and desired that the Burrington, Tndiaman, may be detained 
 for him. 
 
 " Our situation at present is very disagreable. There is talk of a 
 reform and retrenchment of expences. The latter is to be effected 
 by a reduction of the avowed allowances of the Company's 
 servants, of which a complete statement has been made out. 
 The amount of my commission is very considerable, and in case 
 such a plan should be carried into execution, more liable to 
 reduction than anv other. The secret and illicit emoluments 
 will be untouched, so that persons whose advantages are of this 
 description will have a great superiority over those to whom 
 the Council have thought proper to allot a fair and legal recom- 
 pence for their services. I speak only of reports, and am by 
 no means certain that such an event will happen. On the 
 contrary, I think the measure will not be pursued in the tottering 
 state of the present Council on the eve of a change. . . ." 
 
 In July last Mrs. Vansittart presented me with a son, who 
 has been named Henry. Mr. Abraham is living with me, but 
 he will shortly move into Writers' Buildings. Kennaway, 
 Stables'^' and I agree in advising him to enter the Coinmercial 
 branch, where he may have an initial salary of Rs. 400 to 
 Rs. 500, rather than the Political or Revenue. 
 
 " Henry Vansittart." 
 
 [Autograph, 4 pp., 4to. Duplicate.] 
 
 [No. 387.] 
 
 Henry Vansittart & R[ichard] Kennaway to Sir Robert 
 
 Palk, Bart. 
 
 1784, December 28th, Calcutta. — " You were informed in 
 our letter by the Surprise of the application from Captain 
 Asquith for payment for the passage to England of Mr. Burt 
 the surgeon, and of the refusal we gave to it. Lest this matter 
 should be litigated in England we think it necessary to inform 
 you of the following circumstances, the kiunvledge of which 
 may be serviceable in resisting the claim. Colonel W^atson 
 demanded passage money upon this plea, that no surgeon was 
 necessary for the care of the ship's company, whereas it 
 
 C^' John Staliles, a Bengal civil servant, succeeded Pliilip Francis as a member of 
 the Supreme Coutncil. 
 
No. 387.J 362 
 
 happened on the passage that many of the seamen had absokite 
 occasion for his assistance, which Mr. Burt gave them at the 
 formal requisition of Captain Asquith. After this he became 
 to all intents and purposes surgeon of the ship, and has recovered 
 allowances in that capacity from Colonel Watson by the decision 
 of referees or arbitrators. The claim to passage money of 
 course, if any previously existed, was done away with by this 
 act, which rendered him an officer of the ship. . . . 
 
 " We observe that in the will Mr. Palk bequeathes'2,000/. to 
 his brother Mr. Thomas Palk on the Coast, from whom is due 
 by his books Current Rupees 20,359 \2cis., in part of which his 
 bond for Current Rupees 19,290 10 is in our possession. This 
 bond we recommend to be delivered up to him, the debt being 
 about cancelled by the legacy. . . ." 
 
 Henry Vansittart, 
 R. Kennaway." 
 
 [Autographs, 5J- pp., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 388.] 
 George Baker to Sir Robert Palk, Bart. 
 
 1785, January 25th, Fort St. George. — My, last letter, dated 
 10th Octoljcr, was sent by the Pigot, which was due to sail for 
 England on the 15th idem. For want of cargo, howe\'er, and 
 to save demurrage, she was diverted to the eastward, but she 
 has now returned here, and will leave for Europe early in 
 Februar3^ 
 
 " Colonel Pearse's detachment is, I suppose, arrived in 
 Bengali by about this time. The last letter that I had from 
 Captain J. Kennaway was on his leaving Ganjani, in which he 
 told me he hoped to be in Calcutta about the end of the year . . . 
 
 " Mr. Hastings came down to Calcutta about the beginning 
 of November, and it was then said that he intended to go home 
 by the ships of this season ; but as a copy of Mr. Pit[tJ's amended 
 Bill has been received here with a few letters from England 
 dated the Gth of /Vugust last, and as the purport of the 
 whole has been . . . received in Bengali, it is now confidently 
 reported here that the GoAcrnor (ieneral has declared it to be 
 his intention to continue in India some time longer. 
 
 " It is said that liOrd Macartney keeps the Greyhound packet, 
 which [is] now in this road, till the new Bill shall have passed 
 and be received here, together with the Court's of Controul and 
 Directors' Orders in consequence thereof, that he may be sure of 
 a passage home inuuediately if he shall then be either desireous 
 or in want ol' it. 
 
 " The bulk of the troops arc in cantonment at Arcot. The 
 King's olfieers there have complained loudly of the impropriety 
 of the commanding officer's (Brigadier General Horn[e]) privilege 
 
3G3 [No. 388. 
 
 of selling arrack to the troops ; in conseqnence of which our 
 Government have by public advertizement signified their desire 
 to receive proposals for furnishing the troops . . . with that 
 article by contract. IIorn[e] is called down, hut is appointed 
 to connuand all the troops to the southward of the C'oUeroon, 
 and General Campbell* ^^ is sent up to Arcot to command there 
 in his stead. 
 
 " The Batta, which was to have been taken off on the 31st 
 of the last month, the Board have now declared to be their 
 intention to continue till further notice. Indeed they could not 
 do otherwise, the clamours of the Army haveing been so loud 
 on that score that I believe nothing less than a general mutiny 
 Avould have been the consequence of their persisting in their 
 former resolution. ... 
 
 "It is proposed to send a Committee, comprising the Com- 
 mander-in-Chief and Chief Engineer, to examine the forts 
 throughout the Carnatic with the object of determining which 
 shall be preserved and which demolished. A Committee of 
 Accounts has lately been appointed to examine all financial 
 claims on the Company. Mr. William Jackson,*-' one of the 
 members, who has been deputed to the country south of the 
 Coleroon, finds huge war claims put forward there. 
 
 " A small American ship (the first belonging to the United 
 States) from Phyladelphia arrived at Pondicherry on the 26th 
 of last month. The captain and supracargoe have been here, 
 and are just gone back to that place, and talk of returning to 
 America soon. 
 
 " The 52nd Regiment now at Poonamaly are at this moment 
 in nuitiny. I have not yet heard their pretext or complaint, 
 though i understand that it is rather specious than well 
 grounded ; for however much the Company's troops are in 
 arrear, it appears that the King's are so regularly paid as to 
 leave little reason of complaint on that score. 
 
 " Mr. Bussy dyed in the begin[n]ing of this month at Pondi- 
 cherry. Orders have been received by our Government from 
 the Governor General and Council to receive from and restore 
 to the French and Dutch the several places agreeable to the 
 terms of the respective treatyes. Mr. Floyer is gone to the 
 southward as Commissary for that purpose. 
 
 " Mr. Daniel, <3) who has for the last three or four years been 
 Chief of Masulipatam, came up here with his family this month 
 on the Pigot, and means to send them home on that ship .... 
 Dureing his Chiefship in that Circar he has used extraordinary 
 exertions with great moderation and good effect in collecting 
 ... a very great part of the arrears of the revenue, amoimt- 
 ing, I think, in the whole to some thirty lack of pagodes, 
 and thereby rendered himself a good and faithfuU servant to 
 
 n) Majoi-General Allan Cainplull a Kintr's oflicer. 
 
 (-' Vide No. 105, p. 135, nolo 3. 
 
 (3) James Daniell. Vide No. 193, p. 208, note 4. 
 
No. 388.J 
 
 364 
 
 the Company, and a friend to this Settlement, with the character 
 of an able, worthy, honest man. . . ." 
 
 " George Baker." 
 
 " P.S. — The 52nd Regiment at Poonamaly submitted. . . ." 
 
 [Holograph, 12 pp.. Mo.] 
 
 [No. 389.] 
 Chocapah to the Honble. Sir Robert Palk, Baronet. 
 
 1785, February 2nd, Madrass. — Nothing extraordinary has 
 happened since I last wrote except that " Lord Macartney 
 and Mr, Sadleir challanced with pistoles on the 23rd of September 
 last near Egmore Fort,'^' when his Lordship was wounded on 
 his right side, and soon after he is recovered. . . ." 
 
 Orders have been sent to this Presidency from Bengal 
 forbidding the drawing of bills. As this part of the country 
 has been ruined by the enemy, there is difficulty in finding 
 money to pay the troops, who are giving trouble. 
 
 " General Bussey is dead at Pondichery the 5th of last 
 month, and since [then] we have taken charge of Cuddalore, 
 and the French have taken charge of Pondichery." 
 
 " Chocapah." 
 
 [Autograph, l^ p., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 390.] 
 W[illiam] Wynch'^) to [Sir Robert Palk]. 
 
 1785, February 3rd, Madras. — I enclose a letter from Mr. 
 Pybus relating to Goodlad's estate. 
 
 Lord Macartney's new system is disliked by the Company's 
 servants, and the economy he talks of has injured credit. " It's 
 now with the greatest difficulty even a trifling loan can be 
 obtained from a black man. Those of the Company's servants 
 who have applied for their arrears of pay have been paid in 
 Bengal bills, which bills were discounted at 50 per cent., while 
 Lord Macartney himself regularly every 3 months pocketed his 
 own pay of 10,000 pagodas, and his Council receiving theirs 
 at a discount in Bengal bills. . . . Nothing but the most 
 disagrcable circumstances have attended us lately, duels, 
 dissensions in Council and mutiny among the King's troops." 
 
 After being eighteen months without emplo\iuent I have 
 been ajipointed a Commissioner of the Board of Accounts, 
 thanks to the exertions of my friend Mr. liarclay,' " one of the 
 Council. I beg that you will interest yourself on liis behalf. 
 He is desirous of succeeding Mr, Sulivan**' as Resident of 
 Tanjore when the latter leaves for Europe. 
 
 [Holograph, 2| pp., 4>to.] " W. Wynch." 
 
 (1) A i-i'dniiM alxnit tui) miles west of l''«prt St. (ii'orgi'. 
 '■-' Willi.im W ynch. so!i of (Hivci'iinf \\'\mc1i, was a civil scrvaiif cf 1 TliC. 
 ("*) Kobert Bart-lay, ;i civil servant of 17(5:?, was junior ihcihIkt of Maiart iicy's 
 Coiiiu-il. 
 
 W Juliu Sulivan. Vide No, 377, p. 354, note 4. 
 
865 
 
 [No. 391.] 
 [Major] John Shortt'^^ to [Sir] Robert Palk. 
 
 1785, February 5th, Madras. — I wrote to you last year " on 
 the interesting suljjeet of a stop being put to my rank in the 
 government of liord Maeartney and Lieut.-General Lang*^) as 
 Commander in Chief. The reason I nexer could arri\e at, and 
 the only answer I received through the Secretary was that it 
 was the Connnittee did it from mature consideration." In 
 order to obtain redress I wrote to you and General Caillaud and 
 other friends. I now again beg you to use your interest on my 
 behalf. " I cannot charge myself with any thing more than 
 being too hospitable heretofore, which, as it has proved 
 prejudicial to my interest, I will in future study to correct." 
 
 [Holograph, 2\ pp., Uo.] " John Shortt." 
 
 [No. 392.] 
 Colurk Seetaram Pundetii to Sir Robert Pai.k. 
 1785, February 7th, Madrass.- -" With all humility I humbly 
 presume to address to your honour that after the Northern 
 Circars became Jaqueer to the Honourable Company, and since 
 the end of Mr. Bourchier's government to the last of Mr. 
 Rumbold's government, the Jamidars'^) of Chicacole Circars 
 are suffered great cruelties and oppressions through the means 
 of Seetaram Rauz,'*> by which the Honourable Company 
 suffered a great loss in their revenue." 
 
 As an old servant of the Company I presented many petitions 
 on this subject, but without obtaining redress. Copies of these 
 I now send, together with an address for submission to the 
 Directors and a letter to be kindly forwarded to the Hon. 
 Edward Monckton. 
 [2 pp., Mo.] 
 [Enclosures.] 
 
 No. 1. — N.D. — Copy of petition from Collure Seetaram 
 
 PuNDETH, Mazoomdar,*^' of Vizagapatam, to the Honble. 
 
 Thomas Rumbold, Esq., President, and Governor of 
 
 Fort St. George. [To the same effect as No. 3 below]. 
 
 [H PP'^ flscp.] 
 
 (1) John Shortt (or Short) entered the Madras army as Ensign in 1760, and 
 attained the rank of Major in 1778. He -was ultimately invalided in India, and 
 died in 180.'^. 
 
 (2) Koss Lang, a Lieutenant in the Madras European Regiment in 1758, accom- 
 panied Caillaud 's force to Bengal in the following year. As Captain he commanded 
 a hattalion of native infantry at the siege of Madura in 1763, and as Lieut. -Colonel 
 served in the first Mysore war, taking command of the experlition on tlie iccall of 
 Cf)lonel Jolui Wood in 17().S. In 1777 Colonel Lang acted as Conuuander-in-Chief 
 during the susjiension of Colonel James Stuart, and in 1780 he defended Vellore 
 against Haidar Ali. On the deportation of General Stuart in 1783 Lang was 
 promoted Lieut.-General and became Commander-in-Chief, holding the appointment 
 until his retirement in 1785. He niarried Ann, widow of Captain Thomas Oats 
 and daughter of Thomas Pelling. 
 
 (3) Zemindars. 
 
 (■l) Sitaram Ilaz. Vide No. 10, p. 28, note 5. 
 
 (5) Majumddr, a revenue accountant who keeps a Record of the Governinent 
 collections, 
 
No. 392.] 366 
 
 No. 2. — N.D. — Copy of letter or petition from Row 
 Seetaram Rungarow, Sirdar in the Sircar of Chicacolc, 
 to the Honble. Thomas Rumrold, Esq., President, and 
 Governor of Fort St. George. 
 
 I beg to represent that " my country [is] called Beb- 
 booly in the^Circar of Chicacole under the districts of 
 Vizagapatam. That Poosapauty Seetaram Rauze and 
 Vijiaram Rauze having imprisoned my l)rother Vencata 
 Runga Row in the Fort of Vijanagram and unjustly 
 possessed my country ; the said my l^rother is five and 
 twenty years of age ; he is not married yet. Since 3 
 years he is in their confine, and not put on the turband 
 since he has been confined. . . ." The Chief and 
 Council of Vizagapatam took no notice of the matter. 
 Governor Wynch at Madras prevented Mr. Stratton, 
 the Chief, from releasing the prisoner. Lord Pigot, on 
 his arrival, referred the case to the Committee of Circuit. 
 I give some account of my family and that of Poosa- 
 pauty, and of the disputes and warfare between them, 
 especially when the French held the Circars. 
 
 I now pray that my country may be restored to me, 
 and my brother released. 
 [3 pp., flscp.] 
 
 No, 3. — N.D. — Copy of petition from Seetaram Pundeth, 
 Majoomdar, of Vizagapatam, to the Rt. Hon. Lord 
 Macartney, K.B., President and Governor in Council, 
 Fort St. George. 
 
 Your petitioner represents that he is a Majoomdar 
 in the Company's service at Vizagapatam. After the 
 transfer of the Circars Poospatty Seetaram Rajah 
 recommended a sepoy to the Chiefs as their Dubash, 
 with resulting loss to the Company. Several Zemindars 
 were dispossessed of their districts, and the Chiefs, who 
 had accepted presents, concurred in the spoliation. 
 The Zemindars were detained prisoners at Vizagapatam, 
 some of them being put in irons. Your petitioner 
 ajipealed on their behalf to the Governor of Madras, first 
 to Mr. Wvnch and afterwards to T^ord Pisfot. " It 
 however unfortunately haj){)encd that iiis Ivordship was 
 dispossessed of his Government.'" Your petitioner then 
 appealed to Governor Rumbold, but the Rajahs 
 concerned came to Madras " and presented sums to a 
 considerable amount to the said (Governor, as also to 
 the CoimeiTlors, Seeretarys and Dubashes. which entirely 
 shut their eyes against justice." 
 
 Your petitioner prays that you will not suffer the 
 Circuit Committee to be influenced by the gifts of the 
 Ilajahs, but direct the Committee so to act that the 
 
367 [No. 392. 
 
 losses of rcv(MUie may be repaired and the dispossessed 
 Zemindars may reeover tlieir territories. 
 [2| pp., f I Sep.] 
 
 No. 4. — Copy of petition of Collore Seetaram Pundeth, 
 Mazoomdar of Vizagapatam, to the Honble. Warren 
 Hastings, Esq., President, and Governor Cieneral of 
 Fort William. Dated Sth January, 1785. 
 
 Represents that his ancestors and himself served the 
 Company in \'izagapatani for upwards of a century. 
 " After the Circars were subjoined to the Vizagapatam 
 territories the Poospatty Seetaram Rauz, in order the 
 better to succeed in his own private views, etc., recom- 
 mended a common seapoy called Jaggoo to the then Chiefs 
 to act as their Dubash, and by whose means the said 
 Seetaram Rauz procured the interest of the gentlemen, and 
 by which he has encroached on several of neighbouring 
 » Jamidars' coimtrys, who were known to be well affected 
 to the Honourable Company. And nevertheless the said 
 Poospatty Seetaram Rauz killed the Cawsepatty Rauz 
 and his sons, and also he has closely imprisoned the 
 Rungarow's son, etc. Jamidars, who are yet in confine- 
 ment, but some of them are dispersed into different 
 countries." 
 
 Petitioner applied to the late Lord Pigot, who promised 
 to restore the lands to the Zemindars ; but he is now 
 no more. Mr. Claud Russell carried the papers to Europe 
 to submit them to the Court of Directors, but he effected 
 nothing. He returned to India as Chief at Vizagapatam, 
 and is friendly with Seetaram Rauz. Petitioner has 
 presented some papers to the Circuit Committee, but 
 none to Lord Macartney, as the Governor has a great 
 regard for Seetaram Rauz. 
 
 Petitioner prays for redress for the injured Zemindars. 
 [3| pp., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 393.] 
 Lieut.-General Ross Lang to Sir Robert Palk, Bart. 
 
 1785, February 9th. Fort St. George. Received 23rd Octo- 
 ber, 1785. — " I have the pleasure to acknowledge your favor 
 of the 8th March last by Mr. Abraham, and should have been 
 happy to have shewn that gentleman any civility in my power 
 in consequence of your recommendation of him ; but the 
 shortness of the stay he made here prevented my shewing him 
 that attention which I could have wished. 
 
 " I have the pleasure to inform you that the situation in which 
 Captain Collins'^' now is is a very favorable one : he commands 
 
 (1' Edward Collins entered the Madras Army as Ensign in 1765, becoming 
 Caiitainfin 1772, Lient.-Colonel in 1786 and MaJor-GeflefaJ in 1795, B[e djed at 
 >Iadras in 1808, 
 
No. 393.] 368 
 
 a battalion of Native Infantry. You may be assured that I 
 shall be happy in an opportunity of serving him when in my 
 power, both on account of his own merits, and as you are 
 interested in his welfare. 
 
 " I am fully sensible of the obligation under which I lay to 
 you for confirming the Court of Directors in the good opinion 
 they had of my services, and the part you have taken in my 
 favor, and shall hope for a continuance of your support with 
 them. . . ." 
 
 " Ross Lano." 
 
 [Autograph, 2 pp., Mo.\ 
 
 [No. 39i.] 
 
 R[awson] H[art] BoDDAM^i) to SiR RoBERT Palk, Loudou. 
 
 1785, March 12th, Bombay, — " In conformity to your desire 
 I applied to Mr. James Hatley, who has had the management of 
 Mr. Lane's<2) affairs since his demise, for the payment of the 
 deceased['s] bonds to you. . . . The amount of the assests [sic] 
 being j^laced in the Honble. Company's Treasury, no payment 
 can be received therefrom, on account of the situation of their 
 affairs and the very heavy debts due by this Presidency ; and 
 when they will be able to settle them, without assistance in 
 some effectual mode from Europe, God only knows : therefore 
 [I] did not chuse to take on me, without your particular 
 directions, to receive as payment for your demand on Mr. Lane's 
 estate any transfer on his credit on the Bombay Treasury. . . . 
 I can at any time . . . get such a transfer made ; but when 
 you may get paid therefrom I will not pretend even to give a 
 guess at, as their Bombay Government is so very deeply involved 
 that any the least prospect seems very distant indeed, and I can 
 see not even a chance for [it] without some very effectual step 
 is taken by Government, such as funding the debt altogether, 
 [that] can ever give any prospect of relief. 
 
 " The great changes in the Governments of Madrass and 
 Bombay by the reduction of their Councils to a Governor, two 
 civilians and the Connnander-in-Chief of the Forces has greatly 
 affected the senior servants, and I believe nothing but their 
 being so very deeply involved in their Treasury debt keeps 
 many now in India. We, thank God, are in entire tranquility 
 with all our neighbours ; but the idea of losing Mr. Hastings 
 from liengall, as private advices lately received assure us he 
 was to proceed to Enropc on the Bcrrington in the first week in 
 February last, has thrown a general damp on all our prospects ; 
 . . . and the late rapid progress and success that has 
 attended Mahadjee Sindia in now being possessed of the whole 
 power at the Court of Dilly . . . forebodes no very favour- 
 able prospects from so able and enterprizing a genius. Time, 
 
 (1) Rawson Hart Boddam, Governor of Bombay 1781 to 1788. 
 '8) Edmund Vcale Lane. Vide No. 150, p. IG'J, note 2, 
 
369 [No. 304. 
 
 however, will disclose matters, ami I shall hope that the jealousy 
 of the Poonah durbar at one of their Jaggeredars being grown so 
 powerfull will furnish means to attruct [?obstruct] Sindia's 
 views, so as to leave the Company in full security both for 
 themselves and allies on that side of India. . . ." 
 
 " R. H. BODDAM." 
 
 [Autograph, 2^ pp., Mo.] 
 
 [No. 395.] 
 A[braham] Welland to Sm Rob[er]t Palk, Bart. 
 
 1785, March 21st, Calcutta. — I am still serving as Assistant 
 in the Import Warehouse. I was lately recommended as Deputy, 
 but that post has been otherwise filled. I hope to repay sh' rtly 
 the sum which Mr. Kennaway advanced from the estate of the 
 late Mr. Palk on account of my brother Richard. 
 
 " Your dutiful nephew, A. Welland." 
 
 [Holograph, 7 pp., 4>to.] 
 
 [No. 396.] 
 
 [Captain] F[rancis] Swain Ward(i> to Captain John 
 
 Kennaway. 
 
 1785, April 24th.— Printed form of receipt, filled up in MS., 
 for Rs. 100 as subscription for one set of Perspective Views of 
 Hindoo Temples, Buildings, etc., to be published and delivered 
 within eighteen months in England and two years in India. 
 Appended is an instruction to deliver to Captain Kennaway or 
 his order, signed by 
 
 [Autograph, 1 p.,Uo.] " F. Swain Ward." 
 
 [Endorsement.] " John Kennaway desires the views may be 
 delivered to Sir Robert Palk, Bart., Bruton Street, London." 
 
 [No. 397.] 
 
 OziAS Humphry(2' iq Sir Robert Palk, Bart., M.P., 
 
 Bruton Street. 
 
 1785, May 15th, Cape of Good Hope. — I have just heard of the 
 death of Mr. Wheler,*^) the resignation of Mr. Hastings and the 
 return of Sir John D'Oyley,'*' to each of wdiom I carry recom- 
 mendations. " You had the goodness to promise me your kind 
 favor with Mr. Vansittart'"^) if he should be appointed Governor. 
 
 (1) Francis Swain Ward, though trained as an artist, entered the Madras military 
 service. lie resigned his commission in 1764 and became Secretary to the Society 
 of Artists. In 1774 he was reappointed to the Madras Army witli the rank of 
 Captain, when he presented to the Company a set of his landscapes painted in 
 Soutliem India. He retired as Lieut.-Colonel in 1786, and died at Negapatam in 
 1794. A number of his views were engraved liy Edward Onne. 
 
 (2) Ozias Humphry, portrait painter and associate of Romney and Blake, painted 
 portraits in India from 1785 to 1788. He was elected R.A. in 1791, and died in 
 1810. 
 
 (3) Edward Wheler, a member of the Supreme Council. 
 
 (4) Sir John D'Oyly, Bt., a Bengal civil servant of 1770, returned to England 
 in 1784. He went ovit again in 1804, and died at Calcutta in 1818. 
 
 (5) ^eorge Vansittart, 
 
 y 
 
No. 397.] 
 
 370 
 
 I take the liberty to write to yoii from hence to entreat it, as I 
 shall now be in the East Indies unprotected in a wide sea. I am 
 sensible how slight a claim I have to your favor, but any service 
 you have the kindness to do me with Mr. Vansittart, or the 
 present Governor, or whoever is appointed to succeed him will 
 be received with thankfulness, and remembered with the 
 warmest gratitude. . . ." 
 
 " OziAS Humphry." 
 [Holograph, 1 p., Uo. Wax seal with crest and initials O.H.] 
 
 [No. 398.] 
 Ensign W[illia]m Preston'^' to [Sir Robert Palk]. 
 
 1785, May 16th, Madras. — As a supernumerary ofhcer of 
 Captain Edmonds''^) battalion I am not ehgible for the alloAV- 
 ance in lieu of half batta ; but General Lang has been good 
 enough to transfer me to a regiment at Trichinopoly where I 
 can draw it. " We are informed [that] General Sloper is to 
 command in India, and General Balling'^* on the Coast. . . . 
 I shall be very thankfull if you will please to recommend me to 
 these gentlemen or to Mr. Holland,**' who [it] is expected will 
 govern. 
 
 " I find this service to be very good, particularly for a single 
 man, but the pay of an ensign is not sufficient to support a 
 family. Several subalterns who have their familys with them 
 were immediately provided for. A fort adjutant's appointment 
 is very good, I am informed. They are frequently appointed 
 by the Court of Directors, or strongly recommended by them 
 to the Governor or Commander-in-Chief for the succession of a 
 place. I trust. Sir, your goodness will assist me with your 
 interest, so that I may have it in my power to get my family 
 out. . . ." 
 
 " Wm. Preston." 
 
 [Holograph, 2 pp.. Mo.] 
 
 [No. 399.] 
 
 Tho[mas] Palk to [Sir Robert Palk]. 
 
 1785, May 20th, Trichinapoly. — " Though it is now a year 
 since the restoration of peace, I do not find that in poj)ulation 
 or cultivation any material increase has occurred : so effectually 
 has the sword and famine swept away its inhabitants and 
 destroyed agriculture. I did think that the Poligar countries 
 woidd have been conducive to the saving of thousands of lives, 
 and that at the conclusion of peace they would be flocking back 
 
 tl) William Preston joined the Madras Army as Ensign in 1783. He attained 
 the rank of Captain in 1798, and died in 1802. 
 
 (2) Edward Edmondes entered the service as a cadet in 17()-}. 
 
 '3' Lt. -General Rol)ert Sloper and Lt. -General Sir John Dalling, Bt., arrived in 
 1785 as C.-in-f. in India and C.-in-C, Madras, respectively. 
 
 ^*1 John Ilollond, who was expected to succeed Lord Macartney. Vide No. 91, 
 p. 122, note 1. 
 
371 [No. 399. 
 
 to their former residencies ; but in this hope I liave been cruelly 
 disajjpointcd. Frt)ni the Colleroon to Arcott liic country is 
 almost laid waste from the want of inhabitants to enltiv'ate, 
 and other countries which ha\c not been so destitute have failed 
 in their crops from a scarcity of rain ; and from those causes 
 are we still labouring under a heavy debt and large arrears, 
 wdiich the continuance of the Assignment and peace can only 
 relieve us from. God grant them both is my constant praj'er, 
 but sorry I am to say that I fear neither will be of long 
 duration. . . . 
 
 " I am anxious to have some account of Tom, which I am 
 noAv in daily expectation of. . . . " 
 
 "Tho. Palk." 
 
 [Holograph, 2| j^P-^ 'ito.] 
 
 [No. 400.] 
 Messrs. Felling & de Fries to Sir Robert Palk, Bart. 
 
 1785, June 12th, Fort St. George. Received 30th March, 
 1786. — We thank you for your information regarding the dis- 
 posal in England of the business of the Nawab's creditors. 
 " Mr. Call's'^* diligence and assiduitv on this occasion deserves 
 the particular acknowledgement of the creditors, wdio are now 
 put on a public and solid footing. The Nabob will no doubt 
 for some time find much difficulty to fulfil his engagement of 
 paying annually sixteen lacks of pagodas, 12 on account of his 
 debt to the Company and creditors and 4 for the expences of the 
 army, from the ruined state of some part of the country, which 
 has been almost entirely unpeopled ; but it is possible with 
 good management and strict occonomy, should we continue in 
 peace and tolerable plentiful seasons. 
 
 " Lord Macartney left us the 4th instant on the Greyhound 
 packet for Bengal, He is to call at Vizagapatam, from whence 
 it is said he means to send his resignation. Our Administration 
 at present consist of Mr. Davidson, General Sir John Bailing, 
 Mr. Danniell and General Sloper, who as Commander-in-Chief 
 of India has a seat and vote in Council. 
 
 " The Company's letter to the Nabob has been delivered, 
 and security demanded for the payments he is to make. We 
 are told the Nabob is to give Souckar securities, such as they are, 
 on which the countries will be delivered up to him. Much will 
 depend on the person presiding over the Company's affairs 
 keeping always a strict hand in exacting a due compliance with 
 the different parts of the agreement. Lord Macartney would 
 haAc been an excellent person for this purpose, but he was 
 absolutely against having any thing to do with the Amier,*^) 
 who has still the management of his father's affairs, which made 
 him quit his station sooner than otherwise he would have done ; 
 
 (1) Colonel John Call, formerly Chief Engineer and a member of the Madras 
 Council. Vidr No. 1!', p. 22 note 4. 
 
 (2) Amlr-ul-Umara, Walajah's second son, 
 
No. 400.] 372 
 
 and he has declared that he would not accept of the Government 
 of Bengal should he be appointed to it. . . . 
 
 " We are in peace with all the Powers of India, and likely to 
 continue so, in which will depend our salvation, for the arrears 
 and bond debt of the Company in India at present amounts to 
 upwards of seven millions sterling, to clear which will require 
 at least fifteen years of a continuance of peace. The discount 
 of bonds here is 40 per cent., at Bengal 25 and Bombay 70. At 
 thi<; last Settlement no interest has been paid for four years. 
 
 " The French seem to turn their views in India entirely to 
 commerce. They have a small garrison at Pondicherry and has 
 done nothing to the fortification of that place. Trincomale 
 has been delivered up to the Dutch, who has not yet taken 
 possession of their Factories on this coast. They have been at 
 war with the Mallays, and in the whole their power in India 
 seem[s] to be very much on the decline. ..." 
 
 " Pelling & DE Fries." 
 
 [3 pp., 4io.] 
 
 [No. 401.] 
 Tno[MAs] Palk to [Sir Robert Palk]. 
 
 1785, July 12th, Trichinapoly. Received 10th April, 1786. — 
 This goes by a French ship. I am glad to learn " that my little 
 boy was safe arrived at Haldon House. Your intentions of 
 putting him to the school at St. Mary Ottery has given us much 
 pleasure, and I doubt not from the tendency of his disposition 
 but he will give Lady Palk and you, my very much esteemed 
 Sir, satisfaction. Mrs. P. is very desirous of embracing the 
 opportunity of General Lang's return to Europe to send Kitty 
 and Bob with her sister Mrs. Lang, but I think Bob too young 
 to be parted with. . . . 
 
 " By the late orders from home the Nabob is upon tlie point 
 of being again put in possession of the Carnatick. This day or 
 to-morrow it will, I believe, take place, his Highness having 
 engaged to pay to the Company 4 lacks of pagodas more than 
 the Presidency had authority to stipulate for. Should the old 
 gentleman perform, we shall have no occasion to repent the 
 change, though our situation cannot well be worse tium at 
 present. Besides the old arrears to the troops we are incurring 
 new ones from 1st February last, going on 6 months. Having 
 told you this, you will be naturally led to conclude that there 
 are defects somewhere. It is a melancholy truth, as is that of 
 the troops having suffered a loss of 8 per cent, in all payments 
 since Mr. Irwin' i' received the management of this district, 
 arising from his introduction of the debased coin of Tinnevelly, 
 and stopping the coinage of this. Complaints have been made, 
 but the transaction has been so plausibly coloured over that 
 Lord M. approved of it. Such injustice to troops meriting the 
 
 *" I';yll^s Ii'wiu, a civil servant of 1 7(!S, was one of tlio ('I'minissjdncrs of Assiprnct} 
 Eevenuc in 1781. 
 
373 [No. 401. 
 
 most kind treatment, who have to my knowledge for the last 
 4 years laboured under the most uncon\mon hardships, is most 
 sensibly felt, and if not redressed by tiiis Government, which I 
 hope is a more moderate one tlian the last, meaning Lord IM.'s, 
 a very unpleasant detail of grievances will be laid before the 
 Company. Believe me. Sir, I have seen the native troops 
 perishing in the streets, selling their children for a rupee, and it 
 is not a month ago that they were begging about the canton- 
 ments almost in the saine condition. . . . These, Sir, are 
 truths that happen under my own eye. The native troops are so 
 sensible of the ill-treatment they have received from Government 
 that it is the general opinion they never will suffer themselves 
 to feel the like distress again. The reasons are many and 
 obvious for my communicating these facts to you, for it is my 
 opinion that the existence of the British Empire in India 
 depends upon their being redressed or not. 
 
 " Mr. Davidson is at present in the Chair, and I cannot say 
 that our honourable masters have shewn their wisdom in 
 providing a successor to Lord M., but we are in daily expecta- 
 tion of Mr. Holland's*^) arrival. . . ." 
 
 "Tho. Palk." 
 
 [Holograph, 4 pp., Mo.] 
 
 [No. 402.] 
 Tho[ma]s Abraham to Sir R[obert] Palk, Bart. 
 
 1785, August 6th, Calcutta. — ^It is reported that Lord 
 Macartney, who arrived here five or six days ago, after resigning 
 the Government of Madras, has been appointed Governor 
 General of Bengal. As, however, he has not taken his seat, it 
 is thought he must have declined the post. Failing his Lordship, 
 I hope that Mr. Vansittart will be appointed. The Government 
 are retrenching expenditure, and the people of Calcutta are 
 preparing a petition against certain clauses of the late Act of 
 Parliament. '2' 
 
 I send my respects to Lady and Miss Palk, and beg you to 
 remember me to Lawrence when you write to him, as I under- 
 stand that he is now in France. 
 
 " Thos. Abraham." 
 
 [Holograph, 3 pp., 410.] 
 
 [No. 403.] 
 Chocapah to the Honble. Sir Robert Palk, Baronet. 
 
 1785, September 17th, Madrass. — In May last orders arrived 
 from the Company to restore the Assigned Districts to the Nawab, 
 and to receive from him yearly 12 lakhs of pagodas on account 
 of his debt to the Company and private creditors, and 4 lakhs 
 
 (1) Mr. John Hollond was nomin.ated by the Directors to succeed Lord Macartney, 
 hut he declined the appointment. After the resignation of Sir Archibald Campbell 
 in 1789 Mr. Hollond served for a year as provisional Governor. 
 
 (2) The India Act of 1784. 
 
No. 403.] 374 
 
 for current charges. Lord Macartney, disapproving of these 
 instructions, resigned and proceeded to Bengal on his way 
 home. The Company's packet dehvered here on the 16th July 
 nominated him Governor General of Bengal. The orders were 
 at once forwarded to Calcutta, but Lord Macartney declined 
 the appointment and sailed for England in the SwaUozv on the 
 10th August. 
 
 The Government here is in the hands of Mr. Davidson, with 
 Sir John Bailing and Mr. Daniell as Councillors. They arranged 
 to deliver the territories to the Nawab, but the latter could not 
 find sowcar security for the payment he was bound to make. 
 He promised, however, to pay three lakhs this month, six in 
 January and seven in June. 
 
 " The Marattys sent their Vackeel here to request for our 
 assistance to beat Tippoo. By what I hear our Government 
 does not chuse to do it. I hope they will do, and destroy 
 Tippoo entirely, as he is always [an] enemy to us." 
 
 It is reported that General Campbell'^) is to succeed Lord 
 Macartney. As the latter has refused Bengal, it seems likely 
 that the General will go there, in which case another appointment 
 will be made to Madras. 
 
 " Chocapah." 
 
 [Autograph, 2^ pp., Uo. Duplicate.] 
 
 [No. 404.] 
 George Baker to Sir Robert Palk, Bart. 
 
 1785, October 10th, Fort St. George.— I send this by Mr. 
 Thomas Barnard,'-* late of the Masulipatam Council, who takes 
 his passage by a French ship from Pondicherry. I acknowledge 
 receipt of your letters of December, 1784, and March and April; 
 1785, and thank you for all you have done towards recovering 
 my money from the Company. Mr. Kennaway wrote to me 
 in April that the principal sum of my bonds had been received, 
 but only two years' interest instead of three. 
 
 " George Baker." 
 
 [Holograph, 3 pp.. Mo.] 
 
 [No. 405.] 
 
 FuTWOOD Smerdon to Walter Palk, jun.,<^' Ashburton. 
 
 1785, November 8th, Ottery. — " As it is usual with me to 
 send my bills luilf yearly, I have taken the liberty of writing 
 out Master Palk's,<^' which you will, I trust, find perfectly right. 
 He is in good health and spirits, and has no suspicion that the 
 Christmas vacation is drawing on. 
 
 (1) Major General Sir Archib'ald Campbell, K.B., an oflicei- of Royal Engineers 
 of 1758, was lent to the East India Company from 17()l to 1772 as Chief 
 EnKineer, Heiigal. He was Governor of Madras from 17S()1o 1780. 
 
 '2) Thomas Barnard, a civil servant of 17(ir), known for liis v.ilualiK' survey of 
 the Company's Jm/ir. 
 
 (3) Son of'Walter Palk. s.ii.. and ucph.w of Sir Hol.crl I'alk. 
 
 (■*' Tliomas Palk, jun., son ol' Thomas P.ilU of (hr Madras civil service. 
 
375 [No. 405. 
 
 " The dancing master, Monsr. Faye, having succeeded Tolver 
 in his schools, demanded no entrance for your nephew. Master 
 Tom begs me to present his affectionate duty to his Uncle and 
 Aunt, who will have the goodness to accept of mine and Mrs. 
 Smerdon's respectful compliments." 
 
 " FuTWOOD Smerdon." 
 
 " Master T. Palk to Michaelmas, 1785 {half-year). 
 
 " Board and tuition, £15 15s. ; w^ashing, £1 Is. ; mending, 5s ; 
 servants, 5s. ; shoe-cleaning, 2s. 6d. ; in weekly threepences, 
 5s. 9d. ; spelling book, Reading made easy. Watts' hymns 
 and a smaller book, 2s. 6d. ; April 11, a pair of gloves and gar- 
 ters. Is. 6d. ; June 17, paid driver for conveying Master P. to 
 Exeter, 2s. ; gave Master P. at same time, 6d. ; to cutting hair 
 at different times, Is. ; a hymn book and prayer. Is. 4d. ; Total 
 £18 3s. Id. 
 
 " Dancingf master to Michaelmas, £l lis. 6d. ; entrance, nil ; 
 writing master, 12s. ; shoemaker's bill, lis. 3d. ; two pair of 
 worsted stockings, 3s. Total, £2 17s. 9d." 
 
 [Holograph, 2 pp., Uo. Wax seal with monogram.] 
 
 [Endorsement.]—'' Mr. Smerdon's bill, £21 Os. lOd. ; to a 
 pair shoes, 2s. 9d. ; to breeches and waistcoat, 14s. 7d. ; to a 
 hat, 4s. 3d. : to entrance at Mr. Smerdon's School, £4 4s. ; 
 to Mrs. Cooksley for schooling, £3 Is. 6d. ; to Mr. Davis for 
 cloath, £1 6s. ; ' to Mr. Stone for shoes, 7s. ; to a hat, 10s. 
 Total, £31 10s. lid. 
 
 " 9 Nov., 1785. Received the above. 
 
 "Walter Palk, Junr." 
 
 [Autograph, I p., 4io.] 
 
 [No. 406.] 
 
 Lawrence Palk to Sir Robert Palk, Bart., Haldon House, 
 
 Exeter. 
 
 1785, December 3rd, Neuchatel. — I enclose a letter for Sir 
 Bourchier Wrey. " I am happy to find that my sister has made 
 so good a choice, and it is the most anxious wish of my heart 
 that she may meet with that happiness she most justly merits. 
 ... I am but just risen from my bed, to which I have 
 been confined this week past by an operation which has given 
 me the greatest pain, but the good effects of which I already 
 begin to feel. Having been recommended to a dentist, the 
 excellency of whose talents has gained him a decided superiority 
 over the other masters in his profession, I determined to follow 
 the advice of my friends, and summoned up sufficient resolution 
 to have one of those great tusks entirely pulled out, and the rest 
 of my teeth put in order. The operation, I can assure you, has 
 succeeded, and though the pain has not entirely left me, I have . 
 every reason to be satisfied, and my mouth is no longer ashamed 
 to be seen. 
 
No. 406.] 376 
 
 " I am now quite settled, and find my residence very agreable. 
 The language comes apace, and I am now able to join pretty 
 well in the conversation. ... At present the French and 
 fencing masters only give me employment, but I intend taking 
 a drawing master, as I find there is one of ability here, and 
 every day convinces me of the utility and pleasure which is to 
 be derived from a knowledge of that art. . ". ." 
 
 " Lawrence Pai.k." 
 
 [Holograph, 3 pp., Mo. Wax seal with crest.^ 
 
 [No. 407.] 
 A[braham] Welland to [Sir Robert Palk]. 
 
 1785, December 13th, Guttaul. — " By the arrival of the last 
 ships from England we find that the Court of Directors have 
 thought proper to reduce our salaries more than one half, 
 and also to add that this is but a trifle to what we may expect. 
 Small as they may conceive it to be, I am apprehensive it will 
 cause a very great change, for how can it be supposed that when 
 we are not allowed a sufficiency to live on we shall scruple at 
 peculation of any thing else to procure a competency ? Should 
 they also, as we hear it is intended, cut off the batta from the 
 allowances of the officers, this country, I fear, will not remain 
 much longer in their hands. A number of gentlemen have already 
 resigned their offices, and are gone to live at Serampore, Chin- 
 surah and Chandernagore on account of every thing being much 
 cheaper at those places than in Calcutta. Many others have 
 given up the Company's service altogether, and are going home 
 on the ships that are now about to sail. A captain of one of the 
 Indiamen has received a lack and [a] half of rupees for passengers 
 only. Five and twenty families, besides a number of other 
 gentlemen of the first rank in the service intend to return this 
 year to Europe. Mr. Larkins,*^' the Accountant General, has 
 had fifty thousand rupees cut off from his salary. Mr. Kenna- 
 way is reduced from two thousand to five hundred rupees per 
 mensem, and the rest in proportion. Small as my allowances 
 were, they have, however, thought fit to deduct four hundred 
 rupees from it monthly. In short, there is not a Company's 
 servant from a Senior Merchant to a Writer but who has in some 
 degree suffered ; so that the misfortune, being general, is not 
 so severely felt as it otherwise would be. The saving altogether 
 to the Company amounts to about fil'ty lacks of rupees. The 
 Governor and Council had, before the arrival of these orders, 
 reduced our establishment as low as was thought possible, but 
 this was so very small in comparison to the Court of Directors' 
 [instructions] that they will gain neither credit nor honor by it. 
 
 " On the Gth instant the Montague, Capt. Brittcl, was burnt at 
 her moorings at Diamond Point. Fil'ty of her people perished, 
 among whom [was] her chief officer. The Dublin was much 
 
 (1) William Larkins, a Bengal civil servant. 
 
 i 
 
 f 
 
 l 
 
377 [No. 407. 
 
 hurt by the explosion. It was occasioned by the carelessness 
 of the armourer, who in carrying some lire from the galley to the 
 forge let drop a few coals on the salt petre, which instantly took 
 fire, and notwithstanding all the exertions of the crew com- 
 municated itself to the whole ship. This is the fifth Indiaman 
 the Company have lost by fire within these two years past. 
 
 " Our petition to the House of Commons against certain 
 clauses of Mr. Pitt's Act of Parliament*^* will be ready to be 
 sent home by the last ship of the season. A committee of fifteen 
 gentlemen have been sitting for these six months past, among 
 whom is Mr. Vansittart. The petition has been framed, and 
 signed by most of the people here. Old Price, <-' the person 
 who wrote so virulently against Mr. Macintosh'^* and Mr, 
 Francis, has, under the feigned name of An Inhabitant of Calcutta, 
 given every support in his power to the Bill. No person on its 
 first arrival could say more against it .than he did, and I am 
 very certain that he was one of the party who at a drinking 
 bout burnt it. 
 
 " Accompanying I have the pleasure of sending you all the 
 
 news papers for the last year, and also Mr. Dallas's''** speech at 
 
 a meeting of the inhabitants of Calcutta, with many other 
 
 publications, which I hope will afford you some amusement ..." 
 
 " Your very dutiful nephew, A. Welland." 
 
 [Holograph, 8 pp., 4:to.] 
 
 [Enclosure.] Printed copy of resolutions passed " at a 
 meeting of the British inhabitants of Calcutta, held at the 
 Theatre on Monday the 25th of July [1785] in pursuance of a 
 public summons by the High Sheriff at the request of the Grand 
 Jury, on the 15th of June last, for the purpose of taking into 
 consideration the propriety and necessity of a petition on certain 
 parts of an Act of the 24th of his present IMajesty, entitled 'An 
 Act for the better regulation of the affairs of the East India 
 Company and of the British possessions in India, and for 
 establishing a Court of Judicature for the more speedy and 
 effectual trial of persons accused of offences committed in the 
 East Indies.' " 
 
 Eighteen resolutions were proposed and unanimously agreed 
 to. The following are the most important : — 
 
 Resolution 2. Protests against the obligation imposed on 
 the Company's servants, on their return home, to deliver upon 
 oath an inventory of their whole property. 
 
 Resolution 3, — Represents that the new tribunal deprives 
 them of their birthright, trial by jury. 
 
 Resolution 4. States that the Act renders them liable to 
 
 (1) The India Act of 1784, which established a Board of six Commissioners for 
 India, commonly knowii as the Board of ('<iu(rnl. 
 
 (2) Captain Joseph Price wrote pamphlets in defence of Hastings against Francis 
 and Macintosli. 
 
 (•^) WiLLiam Macintosh, author of Travels in Europe, Asia, etc. (1782), was a 
 supporter of Francis. 
 
 (1) George Dallas, a Bengal civil servant of 1776. He was created a baronet in 
 1798. 
 
No. 407.] 
 
 378 
 
 be sent forcibly to England, there to be tried for offences said 
 to have been committed in India. 
 
 Resolution 7. States that petitions to the King and Parliament 
 are desirable. 
 
 Resolution 8. Determines that a Committee of fifteen be 
 appointed to draw up petitions. 
 
 Resolution 13. Gives the names of the Committee. 
 
 [2 pp., f/scp.] 
 
 [No. 408.] 
 
 F. D'lvERNOis to Sir Robert Palk, Eart., Haldon House, 
 
 Exeter. 
 
 1785, December 24th, Neuchatel. — I notice the hint you 
 have given your son regarding an early move to Germany and 
 Italy. I was about to make a similar suggestion. The fact 
 is, your son is too much at home at Neuchatel. His familiarity 
 with the society we meet tends to make him relax that effort 
 to please which he would be compelled to exert with fresh 
 acquaintances of superior rank. . . . The notion which Mr. 
 Beeke<i' has imparted to you of your son's spending the coming 
 summer in Germany is well adapted to this end, provided 
 that his halts are limited in duration, that he obtains recom- 
 mendations to the Courts of Dresden, Berlin and Vienna, and 
 that he associates with people of the country rather than with 
 young English travellers. Here he is too intimate with Mr. 
 Spencer, who resides in this house. The latter is of good 
 family and possesses many excellent qualities, but he has more 
 to gain by association with Palk than your son with him. 
 Spencer is apt to be idle, and he deprives your son of time 
 which would otherwise be devoted to literature. 
 
 Your son will certainly be reluctant to quit Neuchatel, but 
 there is no object in his remaining save the improvement of 
 his French, in which he makes steady progress. I suggest that 
 you might urge him, as if of your own motion, to spend March 
 in the south of France in order to perfect himself in the 
 language, which is spoken more rapidly there than in 
 Switzerland. . . . 
 
 " F. D'lVERNOIS." 
 
 [Holograph, French, S pp., Mo. Wax seal, defaced]. 
 
 [No. 409.] 
 A[braiiam] Welland to [Sir Robert Palk]. 
 1785, December 25th, Calcutta. — I am sorry to hear that my 
 friends consider me backward in writing to them. " I would 
 willingly compound with their employing one hour to my two 
 in our correspondence. ... I have not received more than 
 twelve letters from them since my residence in this country, 
 
 (1) \'ide No. 470, /-. llili, ude 1. 
 
370 [No. 409. 
 
 wliic'li is now almost four years. T do not, liowevcr. include 
 you in this number. . . . 
 
 " I shall certainly follow your advice with regard to my 
 cousin Abraham.* 1' He at present lives with me in the Writers' 
 Buildings, to which I have, since the late reductions, been 
 entitled to a room. 1 nuist indeed own that my utmost exertions 
 have lately been used to rid him of a little of his country rust, 
 and by dint of perseverance my efforts in some respects have 
 not been rendered ineffectual. I shall now, however, change 
 my conduct, and from being master submit myself to be a 
 scholar. He undoubtedly deserves great credit for his attention 
 to business, and in leading so regular a life. If one may judge 
 of his future fortune by his present manners, I will venture to 
 say that he will not discredit your opinion of him. 
 
 " I always have and shall continue to apply to Mr. Kennaway 
 for his advice or assistance, whenever necessary. . . . The 
 late reduction in his salary has given him much discontent, and 
 I should not wonder if he was, in the space of one or two years, 
 to return to Europe. Captain Kennaway is at present at 
 Benares, but will come to Calcutta soon. Since his arrival 
 from the Coast he has labored under a severe fit of sickness, and 
 we were at one time in some anxiety for fear that his ill state of 
 health should oblige him to quit the country. 
 
 " The Surprise packet has, we hear, brought great news, but 
 the particulars have not yet transpired. We are all much 
 surprised at Mr. Macpherson's being continued in the Govern- 
 ment. His abilities are no ways suited to it, nor indeed are 
 any of his coadjutors, particularly Mr. Stables, whose head is 
 too thick ever to cut a very conspicuous figure. I think the 
 character Mr. Hastings gave of them in his last letter to the 
 Court of Directors was a very just one. Six lacks of rupees 
 were dispatched the other day to Bombay, and they have also 
 incumbered themselves with the whole debt incurred there by 
 the Maratta War. Twelve lacks more are ordered on board the 
 Rodney for Madrass, Avhile our most capital merchants here are 
 distressed beyond measure for cash, and have almost stopped 
 business for want of money. ... 
 
 " General Sloper has lost a good deal of his popularity here 
 by appointing King's officers to the command of the out stations, 
 greatly to the detriment of the Company's military, who have 
 held several meetings to consult about it. . . . 
 
 " Your dutiful nephew, 
 
 " A. Welland." 
 
 [P.S.] — " Major Cloud's*'^* regiment of seapoys have confined 
 their officers, and will not march till their whole arrears of pay 
 are given to them." 
 
 [Holograph, 8 pp., 4/o.] 
 
 (1) Thomas Aln-aham. Vide No. 380, p. 'M3I , note 2. 
 
 (-) Apparently .Major William C'lode, Bengal Infantry, who entered the service 
 in 1766. 
 
380 
 
 [No. 410.] 
 Tiio[mas] Palk to [Sir Robert Palk]. 
 
 1785, December 25th, Trichinaj^oly. — " I have just heard 
 that the Rodney Indiaman is to be at Madras about the end of 
 the month, and to wait there but twenty-four hours. By her 
 I have the pleasure to send you duphcate of a sett of bills for 
 £2,000, and the first of another sett for £4,400, both made 
 payable to you. The first remittance of £800 through the same 
 channel is, I hope, paid. . . . 
 
 " Mrs. Palk and the three young ones are very well. We 
 were disappointed in not having a single line by the Surprise, 
 but suppose her dispatch to be sudden. . . . 
 
 " Tho. Palk." 
 
 [Holograph, 2 pp., 4io.] 
 
 [No. 411.] 
 Chocapah tu the Honble. Sir Robert Palk, Bart. 
 
 1786, January 5th, Madrass. Received 26th August. — By 
 advices received from England in November we heard that the 
 ships of the new French East India Company may be expected 
 to arrive this season, and that all private merchants must cease 
 trading by the 8th October. There are now about 2,000 
 European troops at Pondicherry, where some work on the 
 fortifications is in progress. 
 
 We are happy to learn that free trade to Manila is now open 
 to us. Mr. Sadleir, Chief at Masulipatam, has preferred sundry 
 charges against Mr. Daniell, who is about to sail for England. 
 There has been good rain, and the countrv is in better condition 
 than it has been at any time during the past five years. 
 
 " Chocapah." 
 
 [Autograph, 2| pp.. Mo. Duplicate.] 
 
 [No. 412.] 
 
 Messrs. Pelling & de Fries to Sir Robert Palk, Bart. 
 
 1786, January 12th, Fort St. George. — " The Nabob appointed 
 Messrs Storey'^' and Binny*-' his agents to meet the Company's 
 Commissioners for ascertaining the three classes of his debt to 
 individuals, agreeable to the orders from Europe. The interest 
 on the bonds has been adjusted to the 31st December, 1784, 
 when the total of the three debts amounted to near seventy 
 lacks of pagodas. The Nabob has been paying regularly 
 according to the agreement he entered into witii this Govern- 
 ment to pay annually sixteen lacks of pagodas. If the Company's 
 orders are strictly adhered to, the creditors should have a 
 dividend in next month ; but there is no saying what the 
 necessity of this Government may induce them to do, for the 
 
 '1' J)r. Itiil.ci't Slon-y, surjioon to tlie Nawal). 
 
 '^' ('h.u'lcs ninn>-, fDi'iiiefly secrekiry to Sir Tbuuias Kumlmld, uabuuw socivtaiy 
 to the NawaL). 
 
381 [No. 412. 
 
 expenses are very great. The King's troops are a heavy charge. 
 The arrears to the army remain still unpaid, and Go^'ernment 
 paper [is] selling at a great discount from the continual increase 
 of the bond debt, as most accounts are adjusted by granting 
 bonds. The distresses of individuals from not having received 
 any part of the Nabob's debt for so long a space of time are 
 great, and affect the trade and welfare of the Settlement. 
 
 " Mr. Sadleir, Chief at Mazulipatam, seem[s] to be more 
 employed in preparing accusations and informations against 
 his predecessors than in collecting the revenues entrusted to 
 his charge. Mr. Daniell goes by this ship, and Mr. Floyer is to 
 succeed him at the Council Board. 
 
 " We have had a report for a week past that Tippoo is killed. 
 It wants confirmation, but the report coming from various parts, 
 it is probable he has met with some misfortune. The Marattas 
 [are] threatening invading his country. We have had no inter- 
 course of trade with the Mysore Country since the peace, 
 Tippoo keeping the passes closely guarded. . . . 
 
 " We have a report that the Company, having taken up an 
 extraordinary number of ships this year, will permit their 
 servants and others living under their jurisdiction to send piece 
 goods on freight to England. This will be a wise plan, as the 
 Company have no funds for carrying on an Investment on the 
 Coast, there being hardly a thousand bales made on their 
 account during the whole year ; and if private trade is per- 
 mitted to be carried on the Company's ships, it will be a great 
 convenience to their servants or others living under their 
 protection, and will be of great national benefit. It will besides 
 effectually defeat the commercial operations of foreign nations 
 to India, as they will be deprived of the assistance of British 
 money. If the Company don't fall on some such method, they 
 will neither benefit b}' their trade nor be able to act in 
 competition with the foreign traders." 
 
 " Felling & de Fries." 
 
 [2 pp., 4/0.] 
 
 [No. 413.] 
 Tho[mas] Palk to [Sir Robert Palk]. 
 
 1786, January 12th, Trichinapoly.- — I enclose two sets of 
 l)ills in your favour, one for 2,000/ and the other for 4;000/. 
 This goes bv a French conveyance. 
 
 " Tho. Palk." 
 
 [Holograph, 1 p., flscp.] 
 
 [No. 414.] 
 
 Walter Palk, jun., to Sir Robert Palk, Bart., Haldon 
 
 House. 
 
 1786, January 16th, Ashburton. — I return the letters from 
 Vansittart and Kennaway. I have consiilted my father, who 
 
No. 414.] 382 
 
 agrees with me that their claims on my brother Tom and 
 Abraham Welland should be relin(][uished. The legacies to 
 them may accordingly be paid. I have entered the legacy to 
 Thomas Withecombe/^' as it was omitted before. 
 
 " Walter Palk, jun." 
 [Holograph, 1 p., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 415.] 
 F. D'lvERNOis to Sir Robert Palk, Bruton Street. 
 
 1786, January 17th, Neufchatel. Received 28th January. — 
 I hasten to give the information you ask for about your son's 
 teeth. Two of the upper ones were irregular, a circumstance 
 which not only affected what may be called la decoration de sa 
 houche, but interfered with its hygiene. A lady who is a friend 
 of your son advised him to avail himself of the skill of a dentist 
 of repute who visits Neufchatel twice a year. The dentist was 
 at first inclined simply to remove both teeth, but he afterwards 
 judged that the interval left by one of them would allow of his 
 replacing the tooth after he had extracted it and reduced its 
 size. This was the operation which he skilfully performed on 
 a courageous patient. The space left by the tooth which was 
 entirely removed has already diminished. Our only fear now 
 is that the other tooth, which was taken out and replaced may 
 not become as firm as the rest. 
 
 I thank you, Sir, for your interest in what concerns myself. 
 I am entirely at your service if you wish me to continue the 
 tour as your son's companion. His friend I shall ever remain. 
 He is prepared to leave Neufchatel in March if the roads are then 
 practicable. In travelling through Germany I propose that 
 we hurry over the smaller Courts and make a prolonged stay 
 only in the three or four principal cities. Dresden would be the 
 first place for such a stay on our way to Rerlin, unless the Court 
 Palatine should be at Mannheim. Letters of recommendation 
 we shall of course need. 
 
 " F. D'lVERNOIS." 
 
 P.S. — In the account which I sent you last October there was 
 a slight error, although the total was correct. The personal 
 expenses for three travellers should iuive been 7/5,057, and the 
 common expenses L8,676 10,9. Total 7>18,788 Ifxs-.d) Of the 
 ])ersonal ex])cnses I owe L626. The balance relates to Messrs 
 Palk niul Rceke. 
 
 Our furtlier expenses IVoiii the 27th Sept. to the 31st Dec. 
 have been L(i,863 156'., of which Ll,689 10.9. is due from me. 
 Grand total, L20,597 11.9. 
 
 Should you wish it I will lurnish a more detailed statement. 
 
 [Holograph. French, 3 pp., 4<to. Wa,r seal xvith arms, defaced.] 
 
 (1) Vide No. 22. p. 39, note 1, 
 
 (2) Tl''' Jii'rc ••••rrospondofl w itii tlio modern franc, and contained 20 sous, 
 
388 
 
 [No. 416.] 
 Tiio[ma]s Abkaiia.m to Sir R[oi3Ektj Pajjv, Bart. 
 
 1786, January 23rd, Calcutta. — I now hold two appointments 
 in the Commercial Dejjartment, one in the ofhce of Secretary 
 to the Board of Trade on 100 sicca rupees a month, the other in 
 the Export Warehouse on 150. In the Revenue Department I 
 receive 100, so that with my Writer's allowance I draw about 
 450 sicca rupees in all. Although the greater part is paid in 
 paper, on which there is a heavy discount, I esteem myself 
 fortunate. 
 
 " Every person here, I think, seems tired of the present 
 Government, and I believe it is the general wish that Mr. 
 Hastings may come out again ; but nobody supposes he will, 
 unless possessed of greater powers than the Board of Controul 
 will be willing to give him. . . . There has been some talk 
 lately of a French war, and that the Council here were going to 
 send a vessel to the ^Mauritius to make enquiry relative to some 
 troops that are there ; but I hope it is without foundation, 
 as if a war was to break out now, they would probably take 
 many of our homeward bound Indiamen, which would be a very 
 great loss to the Company, especially those from China of this 
 year, as they have so much tea on board. . , ." 
 
 " Thos. Abraham." 
 
 [Holograph, 4 pp., 4to.] 
 
 [No. 417.] 
 Lawrence Palk to [Sir Robert Palk]. 
 
 1786, February 4th, Besancon. — " My dear Father, — You will 
 no doubt be surprised at receiving a letter from me at this place. 
 Thus far I have accompanied my friend Spencer on his return 
 to England, and shall leave him tomorrow to proceed on his 
 journey. He has promised me to be the bearer of this letter 
 himself. . . ." 
 
 From your last letter to M. D'lvernois I judge that you wish 
 us to leave Neufchatel in March. I fear, however, the weather 
 will not permit us to start so soon, for there is every reason to 
 expect snow. 
 
 " I hear with pleasure that Lord Macartney is returned from 
 Madras, and has refused the Governor Generalship : — with 
 pleasure, because in that case my LTncle George may be sure of 
 gaining the election if he has the least idea to attempt it. 
 
 " I now begin to talk French fluently, but never expect to 
 arrive at the same point of perfection as my friend Spencer, 
 whose accent cannot be distinguished from that of a Frenchman. 
 You may perhaps have an opportunity of hearing him and 
 judging yourself. For the German, it goes on very slowly, but 
 when the first difficulties are surmountedj I flatter myself I 
 
No. 417.J 384 
 
 shall make sufRcient progress to be able to make my way through 
 Germany, that is to sav at the inns, etc., for as for talkino- it 
 fluently, I give up all hopes. . . ." 
 
 " Lawrence Palk." 
 [Holograph, 4 pp., 4>to.] 
 
 [No. 418.] 
 F. D'lvERNOis to Sir Robert Palk, Bart., Bruton Street. 
 
 1786, February 6th, Neuchatel. — Your son has just returned 
 after accompanying INIr. Spencer on part of his journey. M. de 
 Traytorrens went v\'ith them. You seem to be unfavourable 
 to the intimacy with Mr. Spencer, but as the latter lived in the 
 same house, ordinary courtesy compelled some association, 
 and it is impossible not to like him. The disadvantage of the 
 tendency of the two young men to converse in English is now 
 removed by Mr. Spencer's departure. 
 
 You are desirous that we should leave Neuchatel as soon as 
 possible, but I suppose not before March. Your son would 
 like to stay longer, and many here will certainly regret his 
 departure. I beg you to intimate to him, as of your own motion, 
 the beginning or middle of March as the time for leaving 
 Switzerland. 
 
 " F. D'lVERNOIS." 
 
 [Holograph, French, 2| pp., Uo. Wax seal hearing arms.] 
 
 [No. 419.] 
 Henry Vansittart, jun., to John Caillaud,'1' Esq. 
 
 1786, February 9th, Calcutta.— I send this by the hand of 
 your particular friend Mr. Droz.'-> He is embarrassed on 
 account of his bond of about Rs. 9,000 left by the late Mr. Palk, 
 which ought to hav^c been cancelled, as Mr. Droz never obtained 
 the consideration for which the bond Mas given. The executors 
 have no power to release Mr. Droz from the debt, but the 
 circumstances should be laid before Sir Robert Palk in view to 
 the claim being relinquished. I hope that you will be able to 
 assist in the matter. Please remember me to Mrs. Caillaud. 
 
 " Henry Vansittart." 
 
 [Holograph, 2 pp., \to.] 
 
 [No. 420.] 
 
 The Rev. Samuel Badcock'^' to Sir Robert Palk, Bart. 
 
 1786, February 11th, South Molton. — " I received the box 
 of MSS. last week perfectly secure. I shall soon be at leisure 
 to examine them with the care which thev deserve, and will 
 
 (1) Genonil .lolin ('nillaud. Vide No. 78, y. 102, note. \. 
 
 (2) Simeon Droz, a Bongal civil servant of 1761. 
 
 (3) Samuel Badeock was a Nonconfin-niist minister of SoiiUi l\Iollon, Devcn, 
 who contributed to literary magazines, especially llie Mtnildy Beiietc. He 
 entered tl»e EslabUshod Church in 1786, and died two years later at the age of 41 1 
 
385 [No. 420. 
 
 endeavour to reduce this disordered mass to some degree of 
 consistency, I am more and more convinced of their utihty 
 to any one who may liave health, ahihties and s|)irit to undertake 
 a History of the County ; and when arranged on the plan I 
 have projected, they will he a most curious rejjository of materials 
 l)oth to anuisc and to inform the antiquary. . . . 
 
 " I may at some future period engage in an undertaking of 
 which indeed I had formed no conception a short time since. 
 I would not indeed have it j)ul)licly known that I entertain even 
 the most distant prospect of writing a regular History of the 
 County of Devon, nor would I have it supposed that I shall 
 proceed l)eyond an arrangement of the papers which you have 
 done me the honour of entrusting to my charge. . . . After 
 1 have classed the MSS., and written a catalogue of them and 
 such an index tt) their several contents as may facilitate the 
 researches and inquiries of any person who may have the 
 curiosity to inspect them, I will return them to you with care 
 and fidelity." 
 
 " Samuel Badcock." 
 
 " P.S. — I hope I have not taken too great freedom by enclosing 
 a letter to a friend who hath the superintendence of the MontJiJij 
 
 [Holograph, 2 _/9_p,, Uo.\ 
 
 [No. 421.] 
 Lawrence Palk to Sir Robert Palk. 
 
 1786, February 13th, Neuchatcl.—" My dear Father. At 
 my return from Bcsanyon last Monday I found a letter from 
 you. . . . With regard to quitting Neuchatcl, we shall be 
 ready whenever you think proper. For my own part I must 
 own I shall be rather sorry to leave it so soon, as I am convinced 
 it is almost impossible, at least very difficult, to find another little 
 town, the society of which is so excellent and the manners so 
 polished. By the departure of Spencer there is no Fnglishman 
 but myself in Mrs. Borel's house, and in the town but two, . . . 
 -SO that I shall imdoubtedly acquire the French much quicker 
 than I did heretofore. . . . 
 
 " I am happy to hear that things are so nearly settled 
 relative to my sister's marriage. That she may derive from 
 it every happiness and l)lessing ... is the only desire of my 
 heart. . , . 
 
 '* Mr. D'lvernois tells me he has satisfied you with regard to 
 the sums we have expended since your last letter of credit . . . 
 I shall wait till I receive another letter from you before I consult 
 Mr. D'lvernois uj)on our tovn- for the spring. He seems, however, 
 to prefer Germany to the South of France, and wishes our first 
 course to be to Berlin. . . . 
 
 " I suppose Haldon will be so entirely altered when I return 
 that it will almost be impossible for me to recognize it. I hear 
 
 z 
 
No. 421.] 
 
 386 
 
 the winter has been remarkably severe in England, and has 
 done considerable damage. I hope your plantations have not 
 come in for their share. My best duty attend my mother, with 
 love to Nancy and Emelia . . . 
 
 [Holograph, 4> pp., Uo.] " L. Palk." 
 
 [No. 422.] 
 Tho[mas] Pai.k to Sir Robert Palk. 
 
 1786, February 15th, Trichinapoly. — " By this conveyance 
 (a Dane) I transmit you a third sett of bills on Copenhagen for 
 2,400/,, which sum will, I hope, bring my remittances to near 
 10,000/., to which Walter will, I imagine, add the Jegaci/^K . . . 
 
 " The funding of the Company's debts incurred in India was 
 very much to be wished by us all, but we have not been guilty 
 of peculation to that extent as to induce us to accept of it upon 
 the terms it offers for doing it. However wanting its con- 
 stituents may be to do their servants justice, I never despaired 
 of receiving it from the hands of our employers, but the 
 proposed exchange of 1^. 8f/. the rupee manifests them to be no 
 better ; though I cannot think but some error has been com- 
 mitted somewhere, which the arrival of General Campbell must 
 clear up. . . . Were it not for the general good character 
 given of him, we should have little more to hope for than what 
 we experience from the present Administration. Lord M. is 
 certainly very culpable in leaving the Chair to so weak and 
 indolent a man as fills it at present, that never was capable of 
 conducting even his own domestick affairs. 
 
 " Mr. Daniell, appointed Governor C.'s successor, sailed the 
 very day before this news arrived, and though it is e\ident the 
 Company never meant that Mr. Floyer should . . . hold a 
 seat at the Board, he was sworn in the 14th day after Mr. D.'s 
 departure, though his appointment to Cuddalore was known 
 before it took place, and of Mr. Cas[a]major's'-^ to succeed 
 Mr. Daniell. ..." 
 
 [Holograph, 4 pp., ito.] " Tho. Palk." 
 
 [No. 428.] 
 
 Messrs. Ayton, Brassey & Co., to Sir Rob[er]t Palk, Bart., 
 
 Bruton Street. 
 
 1786, February 17th, Lombard Street. — Messrs. Agassiz, 
 Rougemont & Co., to whom we gave a guarantee to pay bills 
 up to 500/. drawn by your son, inform us that this sum is 
 exhausted. Please state whether you wish us to give a further 
 guarantee. 
 
 [1 p., 4/0.] " Ayton Brassey & Co." 
 
 [Endorsed in Sir. R. Palk's hand]. — " Desired Lawrence may 
 have a credit for a 3rd 500/. more." 
 
 (1) The legacy of £2,000 left by Robert Palk, jun. 
 
 (2) James Henry Casamaijor, son of Noah and Rebecca Casamaijor, a civil 
 Hcrvant of 1702. Vide No. 18, /). 22, note .'5. 
 
387 
 
 [No. 424.] 
 
 Messrs. Henry Vansittart & R[ichard] Kennaway to 
 
 [Sir Robert Palk]. 
 
 1786, Febniarv 22nd, Calcutta. — A bond from Mr. Droz to 
 Mr, Palk for Current Hu])ces 9,000 at 1 per cent, was found 
 among the latter's pajiers. It was payable on th(> 31 st January, 
 1784, when we clainietl the amount, but Mr. Droz denied having 
 received any consideration for the bond. We enclose his 
 affidavit. He states that the intended consideration " was a 
 Filature or building for winding silk, in the neighbourhood of 
 Cossimbuzar. of which he should have received possession to 
 render the obligation of the bond complete, but which was never 
 yielded to him : on the contrary, that Mr. Palk, holding a 
 contract for raw silk under another name with the Board of 
 Trade, continued to employ this Filature in the provision of his 
 silk." The latter part of this statement is confirmed by the 
 enquiries we have made. As to whether the Filature was the 
 consideration for the bond, we cannot speak positively, but we 
 are inclined to think that Mr. Droz's assertion is correct. The 
 Filature was sold by Mr. Palk before his departure for Rs. 8,000. 
 
 Mr. Droz says that Mr. Palk promised to return the bond, 
 but the matter was delayed partly by the latter's illness, and 
 partly by his own absence from Calcutta. We have no power 
 ourselves to grant release, but refer the case to you for disposal. 
 
 " Henry Vansittart, 
 R. Kennaway." 
 
 [Autographs, 3| pp., 4to. Duplicate.] 
 
 [No. 425.] 
 Tho[ma]s Abraham to Sir R[obert] Palk, 
 
 1786, February 25th, Calcutta. — " Since my last we have had 
 agreeable news from England for those who are in the possession 
 of Company's bonds, and much in arrears, vizt. that the Govern- 
 ment General have permission to draw on them to the amount 
 of 6 crores of rupees — about 6 million sterling. The only 
 objection to this mode of payment is that it is rather a bad 
 remittance, as the Current Rupee is to be drawn only at 1*. 86?., 
 and the payment in England will be so very long and doubtful. 
 There is also a new plan adopted here in the payment of the 
 Company's servants with a view of stopping the present very 
 high discount on the Company's treasury orders, and making 
 the late reductions as light as possible, which at best nuist be 
 bad. This is a plan of Mr. Larkins's, the Accountant General. 
 How far it will succeed time only will discover. The mode is 
 by certificates bearing interest. . . . 
 
 " I had, a few weeks ago, some prospect of going up as an 
 assistant to the C'ollector of Chittagong from the promises Mr. 
 Maepherson made me, and of his wishes to serve me in con- 
 sequence of my letter to him from Lord North. Indeed I cannot 
 
Xo. 425.] 
 
 388 
 
 blame him for it, as another gentleman was applied for by the 
 Collector, and it is a compliment generally paid the Chiefs and 
 Collectors of appointing the assistants they apply for. . . . 
 I have still some hopes of getting up the country some where, 
 . . . Mr. Macpherson has always been very friendly to 
 me whenever I have gone to speak to him, and expressed his 
 wishes to serve me, which gives me the greater hopes of success 
 in my application, as I see everything still goes by interest 
 notwithstanding the late Act of Parliament. I can convince 
 you of this no better than by telling you that the greatest part 
 of the many appointments that have been given away lately 
 have been given to Scotchmen. 
 
 " Mr. Williams'^' from Exeter has got a very good appoint- 
 ment lateh^ but it was, I believe, owing to his being appointed 
 by the Court of Directors to succeed upon the first ^'acancy. 
 AVe are in very great hopes of getting a new Governor in a little 
 time. Every person seems to be tired of the present one 
 already. . . . 
 
 " My best respects to Lady [and] Miss Palk,. Emelia, and 
 Lawrence when you write him, as I suppose he is in France . . ." 
 
 " Thos. Abraham." 
 
 {Holograph, 4 pj)., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 426.] 
 
 Messrs. Ayton Brassey & Co. to Sir Rob[er]t Palk, Bart,, 
 
 Bruton Street. 
 
 1786, February 25th, Lombard Street. — Stating that a 
 further credit of 500/. has been assigned to Messrs. Agassiz, 
 Rougemont & Co., to be drawn on by Mr. Lawrence Palk at 
 Xeuchatel and Vienna. 
 
 [1 p., 4/0,] 
 
 (Endorsed in Sir R, Palk's hand], "A third 500/. to 
 Lawrence." 
 
 [No. 427.] 
 
 Lawrence Palk to [Sir Robert Palk]. 
 
 1786, March 2nd, Ncuchatel, — " My dear Father,— I am 
 happy to hear that Mr, Spencer has given you the letter with 
 which I charged him, but am sorry that he has given you so bad 
 an account of my progress in French. . . ." 
 
 I shall be ready to leave Neuchatel directly I receive letters 
 of reconniiendation and credit. I fear there is no prospect of 
 meeting liord ^V'ycombc,*-* as we camiot reach Vienna under 
 three weeks, by which time he will have left. I am distressed 
 to hear of Emelia's serious illness, but hope soon to have better 
 news. 
 
 (I) John Williams, a Bengal civil servant of 1783, was assistant in the Secretary's 
 offlce in 1785. 
 
 (-) John, only son of the 1st Marquess of Lansdowne aiul 2nil Karl <>f Shelburne, 
 
389 [No. i'27. 
 
 " T sliall be extremely lia])py to hear that my sister is united 
 to Sir IJoureliier."* ... 1 wiUin<^ly promise that I never will 
 propose to any lady to whom either you or my motlier objeet, 
 and your goodness to me upon ever}- oceasion makes me flatter 
 myself you would not wish to oblige me to make choiec of one 
 that I do not approve. Your fortune is certainly of your own 
 acquiring, and T would not wish to have the least share of it if 
 \()U have the least reason to imagine I do not deserve it. 
 Hitherto I have done e\ery thing in my power to show you 
 liow gratel'ul I am for all the kindnesses bestowed upon me — 
 kindnesses which I never shall forget, and in return for which 
 I shall c\er make it my study to oblige you. Adieu, my dear 
 Father ; I earnestly join in every wish that it may be possible 
 I'or me to render myself such a character as you desire, and to 
 deserve which will always be the endeavour of 
 
 " Your ever dutiful and affectionate son, Lawrence Palk." 
 
 [Holograph, 3|- pp., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 428.] 
 Lawrence Palk to Sir Robert Palk, Bart., Bruton Street. 
 
 1786, IMarch 5th, Neuchatel.— " My dear Father,— I received 
 this morning your letter of the 13th last month. ... As it 
 seems to be your desire that I should quit Neuchatel innnediatel v 
 I sh(juld do it with the greatest pleasure, did not the want of 
 letters of recommendation hinder me, and more so as it is 
 impossible to arrive at Vienna before the departure of Lord 
 ^Vycombe. . . . 
 
 " The character I have licard of Sir Bourchier from every 
 quarter, and especially so from our common friend Mr. Beeher,'-' 
 makes me exceedingly happy in the thoughts of his alliance to 
 our family. . . . 
 
 " Mr. D'lvernois has accompanied his sisters on their return 
 to (Jencva. They have been here for a few days to assist at a 
 ball I have lately given to my friends at Neuchatel seJon Vusagc. 
 ... I can assure vou he iustlv merits mv conlidenee. I 
 esteem myself superiorly happy in having joined so good and 
 amiable a friend. . . . 
 
 " Your account of Lord Cornwallis's success with regard to 
 the (Governor Generalship gives me rather more pain than 
 pleasure, as I expected my LTncle (ieorge''" would have been 
 appointed, knowing he rather desired it. . . ." 
 
 " Lawrence Palk." 
 
 \II olograph, ^\ pp., Uo. Wai' seal.] 
 
 <1) Sir Bourchier Wrey, Bt. Vide p. 396, note 1. 
 
 (2) Probably Richard Bechcr, a Director of the Company from 1775 to 1783. 
 Cf. No. 101, p. 131, note 3. 
 
 (3) George Vansittart. 
 
890 
 
 [No. 429.] 
 F. D'lvERNOis to Sir Robert Palk, Bart., Briiton Street. 
 
 1786, March 9th, Neuchatel. — I enclose an account of the 
 money we have drawn since we left England, so that yon may 
 judge what fresh credit will be needed. There is still a balance 
 of 200 louis with Messrs. Pourtales. 
 
 Your son gave a very pleasant entertainment a week ago to 
 his acquaintances, for it is the custom with the English on 
 leaving to acknowledge thus the various attentions received 
 during their stay. What pleased me most was the general 
 praise accorded to Mr. Palk for the ease, gaiety and air of 
 distinction with which he did the honours. He was kind 
 enough to invite my sisters, so I had to be absent four days to 
 escort them homeward until avc could meet my mother half 
 wav fron\ Geneva. On my return vour son told me that vou 
 had again urged his departure. He wished to wait for letters of 
 recommendation to Germany, but I conclude that we shall find 
 these at Vienna. The cold, however, is so severe just now that 
 I think we cannot start before the beginning of April. 
 
 It would gratify you and Lady Palk could you both witness the 
 signs of regret which all who know your son show at his impending 
 departure, and could you realize how greatly he is esteemed. 
 His progress in French has been marked since Mr. Spencer left ; 
 and I can promise that Ijcfore he returns to England he will be 
 able to speak, if not like Mr. Spencer without accent, at any 
 rate sufficiently well for an ambassador, the standard generally 
 aimed at by young Englishmen. 
 
 As you direct our journey towards Vienna, I suppose you 
 have given up the idea of including Italy in our tour. I should 
 like to know what you propose, so that I may be able to refresh my 
 knowledge of Italian. Please intimate to Lady Palk the pleasure 
 1 feel at hearing of your younger daughter's convalesccjice. 
 
 " F. D'lVERNOIS." 
 
 Since our departiu'c from London to the 9th March we have 
 received the folloAving :— 
 
 L. s. 
 From Mr. Beeke, LondoTi, for expenses in England, 
 
 66/. 5^. (id. sterling . . . . . . . . 1,590 6 
 
 „ Mr. Beeke, on our arrival at Calais, 75 guineas 1,904 
 „ Sir J. Lambert, 21st July, 200/, sterling in 
 
 notes . . . . . . . . . . 4,966 
 
 „ Mr. Beeke at Neuchatel 72 
 
 „ Messrs. Pourtales, in August, 98 louis for 100/. 
 
 sterling . . . . . . . . . . 2,352 
 
 ,, Mr. Beeke at St. Gall and Constance. . . . 600 
 
 ,, Mr. Beeke at Berne, a note for 1,000 livres, 
 
 which realized only . . . . . . 972 
 
 „ Messrs. Pourtales, 26th September, 150 louis 3,600 
 
 Carried over 16,056 6 
 
391 [No. 429. 
 
 L s. 
 Brought over 1(),050 6 
 From Mes.srs. Pourtales, 8th Oct. to 31st Jan., seven 
 
 paynients of 50 loiiis each . . . . . . 8,400 
 
 Messrs. Pourtales, 28th Februarv, 100 louis 2,400 
 
 L26,856 Qs. 
 
 [Holograph, French, ^ pp., Uo. Wax seal hearing arms.] 
 
 [No. 430.] 
 [George Baker] to Sir Robert Palk, Bart. 
 
 1786, March 12th, Fort St. George. Received 26th August.— 
 " It is now about two months since that a report of Tippoo 
 Sultan's death was first reported and generally credited here. 
 It continued in this state for about a fortnight, then became 
 doubtfull or disputed, and continues so to the present hour. 
 It would gratifye my curiosity if I could but know what our 
 Government say on that subject to the Company by this dis- 
 patch, for hitherto they appear to have been as ignorant of the 
 truth as I am. But whether Tippoo be dead or alive, we are, 
 thank God, in peace. Report[s] of the Marahtas' and Nizam's 
 joynt hostile intentions against Tippoo's co[u]ntry are very 
 prevalent. . . . Harvest in the Carnatick, now gathering in, 
 is, compared to the few cultivators of the land, very plentifull, 
 and the great quantityes of various kinds of grain brought by 
 sea from the northward has brought the respective prices 
 thereof down as low as I have at any time heretofore known it. 
 
 " You undoubtedly know that a cantonment was (before the 
 Assignment of the Carnatick was yielded up) fixed on, and 
 barracks prepareing for about twelve thousand men at or near 
 Sheveram, a small village in the road from Canjeveram to 
 Chingleput, and at about the distance of eight or ten miles from 
 the former place. The site of this cantonment is, for by far 
 the greater part, within the boundary, but on the very verge, 
 of the Companye's Jaghire ; and in order to compleat the plan 
 thereof to its necessary extent and in the precise situation that 
 was deemed most eligible, it has been made to extend in one or 
 more particular parts for a very little space and distance into 
 the Nabob's country — a circumstance that either gave his 
 Highness umbrage, or that he did not at least approve of. 
 This then became a subject of conference or discussion between 
 his Highness and our (iovernment, which terminated about a 
 week since in the following manner, vizt. : The Nabob, his son 
 the Ameer, Mr. Da\idson our present Governor, and General 
 Balling went to the spot, where and when the former party 
 formally yielded up to the Company that part of its domain 
 which fell within the limits of the cantonment on their receiving 
 from the Company as a compensation for the same such a portion 
 of the Jaghire as was deemed equivalent thereto. This done, 
 
No. 430.] 
 
 392 
 
 his Highness the Nabob, cither at the desire or with the appro- 
 bation of our Governor and General, gave the plaee his name of 
 Wahlahjah,*') which when announced to the publick liv a 
 salute of twenty-one guns, all partys returned to their respective 
 })laccs of residence. 
 
 " Thus far was wrote on the 12th. I had more to say, but 
 was through indisposition obliged to stop, and thus conclude 
 on the 16th." 
 
 [5 pp., 4'to. Unsigned, but endorsed in Sir R. Palk\s hand] 
 " From Capt. Bakei\" 
 
 [No. 431.] 
 Tho[mas] Palk to [Sir Robert Palk]. 
 
 1786, March 15th, Trichinapoly. Keceived 26th August. — 
 " The Nizam and Marattoes have actually taken the field with 
 a view of attacking Tippoo, who is not dead, as was the general 
 belief for two months, and is very busy disciplining his troops 
 and bringing them together. From hence you may infer that 
 we keep ourselves exceeding ignorant of what passes beyond 
 even the walls of Madras, which is truly the case, so indolent and 
 inactive we arc. I cannot penetrate Tippoo's real design by 
 feigning himself dead and keejjing the gates of Seringapatam 
 shut for so long a time, which wc know beyond a doul)t to have 
 happened, at a time that his brother and chief officers are so 
 disaffected to him, and his country threatened with imasion, 
 unless the report of the intentions of those powers be not true, 
 and so draw us into a scrape by supposing we would put in our 
 claims in the participation of his country, which (fortunately 
 perlia])s) our situation has forbid, were the present a more 
 enterprizing (iovernment than it is. 
 
 " Every one is dissatisfied, and looking out with the most 
 painful anxiety [for] the speedy arrival of Governor 
 Campbell. . . ." 
 
 " Tno. Palk." 
 
 ^Holograph, 2| pp., Uo.\ 
 
 [No. 432.] 
 
 Messrs. Pelling & de Fries to Siti Robert Palk, Bart. 
 
 1786, March 18th, Fort St. George. Received 26th August.- 
 " (ieneral ('anipl)cll is not arri\ed yet. AVe want much an able 
 (iovernor : our jjrescnt Administration is but a i'eeble one. Mr. 
 Floyer was taken in to fill the })lacc of Mr. Danicll, who is 
 returned to Furope. Storms brewing around us. A formi<lal)lc 
 army of the Marattas, aided by most of their princij)al chiefs, 
 together with the Nizam's army have crossed the Kistna and 
 in\'aded Tipj^oo's country. It is the general o})inion that they 
 will not be satisfied with money oidy, but intend recovering 
 
 (1^ Wiil/viiil>;i<l ill (ho ('liiiit,'lopu( Distri<'i on (lie rivci- Pfilar. Ks cantonment, 
 cstiilili.shcd in IT.SCi, was aljaiuloiK'd as uiilicalMiv in LSliO. 
 
393 [No. 432. 
 
 the countries taken by ITyder from tlie Mnrnttas, Nizam and the 
 l*atan Nabobs. Tippoo has a very considerable lorce, bnt 
 Ironi his tyrannical dispositit)n don't stand so well in the 
 alTection of his snbjects as c>Kl Hyder did. whose ])olitical 
 al)ilities were inluiitely suj)crior. The frontiers and confines 
 of the C'arnatiek will be fdicd with armed trooj^s. and although 
 we ha\"e nothing to ap})rehend directly with the present (piarrel 
 with these Indian Powers, yet in their consequences may alfect 
 us iC proper care is not taken by wise and skilful negociation 
 to preserve our neutrality and our rights unaftcctcd. There 
 was no truth in the reports of Tij)poo's death. 
 
 -' The Nabob has j^aid regularly his first and second kists, 
 amounting to nine lacks of pagodas, and yet no dividend made 
 to his j)rivate creditors. A notice from the Government came 
 forth oil the 1 tth instant that a di^■ide^d of one lack and |aj 
 hair of pagodas will be made on the 1st April, and we are told 
 that the Company is to have a share of this trifling sum, the 
 Cio\'ernment here construing that the dividend is to be made 
 only annually at the end of every year after the 12 lacks of 
 })agodas are receiNcd. This is a great hardship on the creditors, 
 and we don't know how to help ourselves bnt by a reference to 
 Europe. . . . 
 
 '' The Bengal (iovermiient has afforded great assistance to 
 this Presidenc}' in money, etc., and have taken upon them 
 entirely to pay the King's troops on this coast ; but we appre- 
 hend these great aids have not been made properly use of. 
 The arrears of the army still unadjusted. Mr. Sadleir and 
 Hodges' •' are removed from ]Masulipatam. . . . 
 
 " The Court of Directors ha\'e sent out orders under date 
 1,5th Septend)er last'-' for liquidating their bond debts in India 
 with bills of exchange to be granted on them. The exchange 
 for ^Madras and Bond)ay is left to the Bengal Government to 
 hx upon, which is not done yet. Unfavourable as this remit- 
 tance will be, for it will take up near fifteen years before the 
 l)ills can all be cleared on the footing they are granted, yet it 
 A\ ill be of great service, as numbers may avail of this mode of 
 realising in preference to keeping their bonds in India without 
 any prospect of pa\inent, the Company's credit in India being 
 \('ry low indeed. Bills granted by this Presidency on that of 
 Jiengal are discounted at 30 per cent., and Company's bonds 
 33 to 40." 
 
 [3 pp., 4/0.] " Pellixg & UE Fries." 
 
 [No. 433.] 
 Tii()[majs Pkllinc; to Sii{ Robert Palk, Ikirt. 
 1780, March 18th. Madras. Received 2Gth August. — '' I now 
 take the lil)ertv to reconnnend to vour notice two of n\\ grand- 
 
 <l> James Hodges. Vule No. 251, }>. 218, note 1. 
 
 '-' Among the Palk MSS. is a ropy of " Court's Orders to Bengal, dated 15th 
 Sept., 1785. rospecting the liquidation of the Company's del)ts in India " (l|p. 
 flgcp.). This pajx-r was jx-rliajis onclnscd in I'l'lliiig A: de Fries' letter. 
 
No. 433.] 
 
 894 
 
 children (at present in England under the guardianship of Mr, 
 Daniel De Castro'^'), the sons of poor Gibson,'-* whom you 
 knew. He dying insolvent and in their infancy, the care of 
 maintaining and educating them fell to my lot. The humanity 
 of Governor Hastings was such as to admit these children 
 minor cadets on the Bengal establishment, and who enjoyed 
 the Company's indulgence until they arriNcd at the age of four- 
 teen years, when they were to appear, or to be struck out of the 
 list of cadets by a military regulation of Sir Eyre Coote's. To 
 have had them come out to India at that age, their little educa- 
 tion would be lost. I therefore requested of Mr. De Castro to 
 continue them in England until the year 1788, when the eldest 
 boy will l)e eighteen and the youngest seventeen years old. 
 As it is my intention and wish that these lads should make their 
 first appearance in the world in the military line on the Bengal 
 establishment, your prevalent and kind assistance will be 
 wanted my dear Sir. . . . 
 
 " Your nei)hcw Mr. Palk and wife are well at Trichin[o]polly. 
 Their family was increased last year with another son. Young 
 Robert is a charming boy. My daughter Gibson takes the liberty 
 to join her daughters in most respectful compliments to your 
 good self and ladv." 
 
 " Tnos. Pellixg." 
 
 [Holograph. 2 pp., j'lscp.] 
 
 [No. 434.] 
 Tho[ma]s Abraham to Sir R[obert] Palk, Bart. 
 
 1786, March 24th, Calcutta. Received 8th October. — " I 
 should imagine this Government will incur the displeasure of the 
 Board of Controul when they find out what little attention has 
 been paid to the late Act of Parliament in general, but particularly 
 those parts of it relative \o giving away all appointments 
 according to seniority in the service, whicli has scarce hccn 
 attended to in any one instance, as the munber of memorials 
 that are gone home to the Court of Directors on the subject 
 will evince ... It is a Scotch (iovernnient. and very few but 
 Scotchmen get anything , . . 
 
 " Amongst the number of expedients lately thought of to 
 alleviate in some measure the present public distress for want 
 of money there has been one lately suggested, and I think 
 seems to be approved, which is to establish a bank under the 
 denonn'nation of ' the Cieneral Bank of India ' (a small one \vc 
 had l)ef()re'''*) to consist of 100 subscribers, and also meant to 
 extend to the other Presidencies in the following proportion : — 
 
 ll> The I)c Castros were Hebrew merchants of Madras. In the Fort St. George 
 records mention is made of Samuel De Castro in 1719, of Daniel De Castro in lT(i.S 
 and of Moses De Casti-o in 176(5. 
 
 (-) Captain Tlioinas Gilison married Kli/.al)eth Pellini: at Ma(h-as in 17()(). 
 
 (3) Kstahlished liy Hastings in 177;j, liut aholishcd l>y the n.'W Couneil of tlie 
 Governor (ieneral. 
 
395 [No. 434. 
 
 Bengal, 75 siihscribors. Madras, 15, Bombay, 10, at 20,000 nipces 
 each, inakinjj: a capital of Rupees 20,00,000, e(pial Lt) about 
 200,000/. sterlin<j:. If tlie subscription is filled up, it is likely 
 to turn out a very advantageous institution, not only to the 
 proprietors of it. bul the public in general, by lowering the 
 present enormous discoimt on Company's paper, etc., and of 
 course making money more current in Cali'utta , . ." 
 
 [Iluloi^rapli, \ pp.. Mo.] " Tiios. Abraham." 
 
 [No. 435.] 
 
 [Lawkenci: Talk] to Sir Robert Palk, Rart., Bruton 
 
 Street. 
 
 1780, April 10th, Constance.— " My dear Father,- -We 
 quitted last Thursday an ith great regret our abode at Neuchatei. 
 For my own part I resembled very much the knigJd of the sorrow- 
 ful countenance . . . Among the different people to Avhom I 
 am most particularly obliged for their kindnesses and attentions 
 there is no one who more deserves my thanks than Mr. Reaufoy 
 and his amiable wife . . . Their house Avas the resort of 
 the best company ; and by being often admitted to their 
 society I haAc in great part got rid of that shyness Avhich you 
 haA'c so often and so justly found fault Avith. I trust in time 
 I shall intirely shake off this failing. 
 
 " Our rout has been retarded by the breaking doAvn of our 
 carriage tAvice. . . . Mr. D'lvernois having expressed a desire 
 to remain here one day to see his brothers in exile, whom 
 the Emperor has permitted to establish their manifactories in 
 this toAvn. gives me this opportunity of writing to you. The 
 Colony succeeds even beyond their expectations, and it is to be 
 cx})ected that this once flourishing city Avill soon regain its 
 ancient opulence and splendour. Their manifactories consist 
 iti Avatches and enamel, Avhich the Emperor admits into his 
 territories subject to Acry small dutyes. The number of 
 Genevans Avho have Aoluntarily expatriated themsehes amounts 
 at present to nearly 200 , . . The tyranny of the aristocrats 
 cAcr since the late rcA'olution, and the means they empk)}' to 
 (oppress the natiA'cs have rendered GencAa disgusting to its 
 inhabitants. . . . The Emperor does CA'cry thing in his poAver 
 to faA our tliis rising colony : to many particulars he has giA'cn 
 places of abode for themsehes and their families, and to all a 
 free exercise of their religion and the permission of forming 
 their oAvn laAvs. 
 
 " TomorroAv avc set out for Vienna through Munich, where 
 perhaps avc may find a boat Avhich Avill conduct us and our 
 equipage, by descending the Danube, to that capital of Austria. 
 ... I do not yet give up all hopes of meeting Avith mv 
 friend Lord Wycombe at Vienna. Perhaps he stays there to 
 accompany the Emperor to Chinon, Avhere the Empcress of 
 Russia means shortlv to hold her Coronation. 
 
 / 
 
No. 435.] 396 
 
 " Your account of my sister's marriage gives me real pleasure. 
 Every person speaks well of Sir Bourchier,'!' and thinks that 
 he will make one of the best of husbands , . . You give me 
 but a very midling account of my poor Emelia . . . 
 
 " I forgot to send you in njy last letter a copy of the will of a 
 Mr. Des Plaiis,'-' late Lieutenant Colonel in the ser\ice of the 
 East India Company. His sister, who has been particularly 
 kind to me, desired me to recommend her case to your notice, 
 that if you had any acquaintance at Bengal, you wv)uld be kind 
 enough to endeavour to procure her that justice which has been 
 so often denied her. You are no doubt acquainted with the 
 parties concerned. One of them, Mr. Bonjour,'-^' enquired 
 A'cry kindly after your health, and said that if I mentioned his 
 name to you, he was certain you would recollect him . . ." 
 
 [Signature removed]. 
 
 \ Holograph, 6f pjj., Uo. Wax seal bearing crest and monogram.] 
 
 \ Enclosures,] 
 
 No. 1. N.D. — Copfj of the Will of IJeut.-Colonel Des Plans. 
 
 I, Jean Des Plans, Lieut. -Colonel in the service of the English 
 East India Company, declare this my last will to be as follows : — ■ 
 I give to my friend Elizabeth, whom I took under m\' protection, 
 and v.'ho is in fact under the care of the Rev. Mr. Eabriciiis,'^' 
 Bags. 400, which simi is actually in the hands of iMr. Fa))ricius. 
 Besides this I give her Bags. 200. I bequeath the rest of my 
 property to my wile Maria Victoriana Des Plans and my 
 daughters Ilcnriette ajid L^rsule Des Plans in e(}ual portions. 
 In the event oJ'the death of my wife and daughters, my property 
 is to go to my sister Marie Elizabeth of Xeucluitcl, Switzerlancl, 
 excepting Bags. 1,000, of which one half is to be added to the 
 little fortune of my friend Elizabeth, and the other half is to go 
 to mv wife's two sisters JNIichaela and Charlotte. 
 
 I appoint the Rev. Mr. Fabrieius and Lieut. -Colonel Abraham 
 lioiijour my executors. I gixe to Mr. Fabrieius my silver 
 tal)le-ser\ice and my sih'cr bowl and ladle. My horses I give 
 to Colonel Bonjour. 
 
 (Signed) Jean Des Blans, Lieut. -Colonel. , 
 
 \Frcnch, 1 ', p., 8ro.] 
 
 No. 2. N.D. — Unsigned IMemorandum respecting the Will of 
 Lie id. -Colonel Des Plans. 
 
 Lieut. -Colonel Des Blans, who died at Madras in 1772, left 
 his fortune by his will, which is dej)osited in the Lulia ]Iouse, 
 London, to his wife and two daughters. Failing these, he named 
 
 "> Sir noiii'chirr Wn-y. fitli nrironc* , in.ifi'icd Anne I'nik. IKli >rai'cli, 178(5. 
 
 She (lird ill 17!l|. 
 
 (-) ('(iloiicj J)<'s I'i.iiis, (if tile Compaiu's l'",iiri>|)(';iii I iifaiit r> , was an Knsiij;u in 
 1758, and served as Captain in tlio .Manila expedition. 
 
 (■" t'olonel Aliraliani IJonjimr. I'lV/r No. IJd, /). 5(1, note 2. 
 
 (^) Tlic Rev. .John I'liilip Fubiicius was sent to India by the S.P.C.K. iu 17 JO as 
 a missionary. lie officiated at Clivc's marriage in 175^, and ultimately died at 
 Madras in 1701. 
 
397 [No. 435. 
 
 his sister Marie Elizabeth, of Ncuchatel, as heiress. Conse- 
 qiientl}' the property remained in the hands of the Rev. Mr. 
 Fabricius, who was named cxeeiitor jointly with Lieut. -Colonel 
 Bonjoiir. The two children died in the same year as their 
 father. Their mother married a M. Pignon, and died in 1776 
 without obtaining possession of the property, of which she was 
 granted only the income. After her death Pignon claimed the 
 property as her heir, and in 1777 he brought a suit in the Mayor's 
 Court of Madras which was decided in his favour in 1780. The 
 executor appealed to Government against the decision, and I 
 have heard nothing further of the matter. 
 [French, 2 pp., 8vo.] 
 
 [No. 436.] 
 [F. D'lvERNOis to Sir Robert Palk.] 
 
 1786, April 22nd, Vienna. — Now that we are 200 leagues from 
 Ncuchatel I can, without alarming you, give the true reason 
 for my long-standing wish to see your son away from that 
 place. . . . Soon after his arrival there he was attracted by a 
 young lady of irreproachable character. Within a month the 
 budding preference became so marked as to cause me some 
 disquiet. I heard that the young lady's parents were building 
 hopes for the future on the attachment, although Palk had 
 spoken plainly of the impossibility of his marrying outside his 
 own country. This disturbed me, and I ))egged you, Sir, to 
 prepare him for departure . . . 
 
 Now, Sir, you ha\e the key to all Palk's delays. Perhaps 
 you may blame me for not keeping you informed, but I was 
 unwilling to alarm you needlessly ... It is unnecessary 
 to say that the young lady was as much in love as he was. I 
 could not save Palk from final heart-rending inter\icws ; but 
 he made no promise except that he would pay another visit 
 to Ncuchatel when he coidd. He was rather depressed during 
 the first few days of our journey, but soon brightened up. He 
 assured me yesterday that he had never been so happy as during 
 the last six months — and he might have added tior so prudent, 
 for his whole behaviour shows that he can unite the sensi)>ility 
 of a young man with the reserve of a man of experience who 
 knows the value of honour too well to offer anything which 
 can be construed as a promise . . . 
 
 We left Ncuchatel on the 5th instant after settling our bills 
 and drawing the amount of your last credit on Messrs. Pourtales. 
 When we started there remained only L5, 676 6s., which we took 
 with us in cash and letters of credit. Our expenses were 
 certainly high, considering the habits of the people among whom 
 we lived. I scAcral times discussed this point with your son. 
 Though it would be unfair to charge him with extravagance, 
 he is certainly inclined to be careless in ])usiness matters . . . 
 
 [The remainder of the letter is 7nissi7ig]. 
 
 [Holograph, French, ^ pp.^ 4/u.] 
 
398 
 
 [No. 437.] 
 
 [Lawrence Palk] to Sir Robert Palk, Bart., M.P., 
 
 Bniton Street. 
 
 1786, May 21.st, Vienna. Received 2nd June.—" My dear 
 Father, — The Court having acconipanied the Emperor to 
 Luxembourg, Vienna is become quite empty and consequently 
 dull ; therefore I think the sooner I quit it the better . . . Mr. 
 D'lvernois seems to be of the same opinion with me, and only 
 waits to hear your intentions upon the subject, and the receit 
 of that letter relating to our tour which you informed me T^ord 
 Lansdown w^as about to send him. The only houses into which 
 I am now admitted are those of Prince Kaunitz'^' and the 
 Russian Ambassador's. The former is opened every e\'ening, 
 and I must own that I have taken so great a liking to its owner, 
 who is reckoned the Oracle of Vienna, that I scarcely ever miss. 
 The only thing however to be gained by this constant attendance 
 is the ton and manners of a man of the world : as for politics, 
 you never hear talk of them, and I believe the Emperor has 
 enjoined silence upon every one of his Ministers. Your letter to 
 Madame la Comtesse de Thun was of particular use to me, as 
 she is the only lady who admits the English constantly into 
 her house . . . She was made choice of by the Emperor 
 to accompany him to Luxembourg." 
 
 I am very disturbed about Emelia's health and anxiously 
 await news. 
 
 [Signature I'emoved.] 
 
 [P.S.] — " Monsr. D'lvernois . . . desires you will be kind 
 enough to beg Mr. Dumont, who is at present at Lord 
 Lansdovvn's, to send us without delay at Berlin the letter of 
 introduction for the Count de Goertz which he had the goodness 
 to promise us." 
 
 [Holograph, 3|- pp., Uo. Wax seal.] 
 
 [No. 438.] 
 
 [Lawrence Palk] to Sir Robert Palk, Bart., M.P,, 
 
 Bruton Street. 
 
 1786, June 3rd, Vienna. — " My dear Fatlicr, — Your obser- 
 vations are very just, and I really remained in Switzerland 
 longer than I ought to hiwc done ... I infoi'mcd you of 
 the loss of Mr. Cleveland's introductory letter to Madame de 
 Prangin . . . This is the sole reason that deprived me of 
 the pleasure of paying my compliments to her during my 
 residence at Neuchatel. Vienna has been for the last week 
 remarkably dull owing to the departure of most of the nobility 
 for their country seats, and particularly those who kept open 
 house for strangers ; during which time we have visited every 
 thing that is curious, which consist only in some very fine 
 
 U) Prinro Kaunitz, " shining star and guide of Austrian policies," represented 
 Austria at the Treaty nf Aix-la-Chapelle in 1718, wlieu he was 37 years of age. 
 
899 [No. 438. 
 
 edifices, the Treasury and the Arsenal. The Treasury is 
 remarkably rich, and contains the jewels, etc., which have been 
 collected from every part of the dominions belonging to the 
 house of Austria , . . 
 
 " The Arsenal is a very large pile of buildings, and contains 
 arms for upwards [of] 350,000 men. They show you the jacket 
 which Gustavus Adolphus wore when he was treacherously 
 murdered at the battle of Lutzen, which was afterwards gained 
 by the Imperialists, and the chains which the Turcs had brought 
 with them to lead the then Emperour in captivity to 
 Constantinople . . ." 
 
 [Signature removed.] 
 
 [Holograph, 31 pp., 4to. Wax ffeal.] 
 
 [No. 439.] 
 
 F. D'TvERNOis to Sir Robert Palk, Bart., M.P., Bruton 
 
 Street. 
 
 1786, June 10th, Feslau, near Vienna. — About a week ago Me 
 told you of a little expedition we were about to make into 
 Hungary. Our three-day visit enabled us to form an idea of 
 the inexhaustible fertility of that kingdom. We are now staying 
 with the Countess de Friez, four leagues from Vienna. Your 
 son would like to prolong the visit, but an engagement to dine 
 with Prince Kaunitz obliges us to leave to-morrow. Our 
 departure from Vienna is fixed for the 16th. We should have 
 started even earlier but for the festival of Corpus Christi and 
 the installation of the Bishop of Liege. 
 
 Palk is as ready to leave Vienna as he was reluctant to say 
 good-bye to Neuchatel . . . Our business will end with 
 Paris now that he is familiar with its language. Tliough I have 
 no reason to be partial to Frenchmen, the more I travel 
 among continental people the more convinced I am that the 
 French are the most interesting for a young foreigner to culti- 
 vate. The advantages and dangers of the capital depend on 
 the society with which he mixes, and ... it would be well 
 for you to provide us with some good letters of introduction. 
 
 I hope that Madame de Friez will give us a letter to the 
 Austrian Ambassador at Berlin. This, with the one I expect 
 from my friend Dumont to Count de Goertz, will suffice us for 
 that capital. We expect to be there by the end of the month, 
 halting only at Dresden and Prague. Through the Chevalier 
 Keith*^' your son has just drawn on you for £2.50 sterling in 
 bills of exchange. 
 
 [Signature removed]. 
 
 [Holograph, French, 3| pp., iio. Wax seal ivith monogram]. 
 
 (1) Vide No. 441, /-. 10.'^ iimIo 1. 
 
^00 
 
 [No. 440.] 
 Lawrence Palk to [Sir Robert Palk], 
 
 1786, June 26th, Dresden. Received 19th July. " My dear 
 Father, — My last letter . . . made you acquainted with 
 my intended tour through a small but interesting part of 
 Hungary in company with a very agreable party of my English 
 friends. After having travelled for the space of about ten 
 German miles through a beautiful and well cultivated comitry 
 we arrived at Esterhazi, the seat of the Prince of that name. 
 The flattering accounts I had heard of it from every quarter 
 made me anxious to be myself a spectator of its beauties, I am 
 sorry to say, however, my expectations were very much dis- 
 appointed. The Palais, though large, contains nothing which 
 deserves the title of real magnificence, and out of nearly two 
 hundred rooms there are only two that are above the usvial size. 
 The gardens, on the contrary, are in general very prettily laid 
 out and pleasantly interspersed with grottos, hermitages, 
 temples, etc., etc. One building in particular (which is called 
 the Belvidere) attracted our notice not only for its elegance 
 and simplicity but also for its novelty, being entirely different 
 from the (ierman taste, who admires nothing but what is entirely 
 covered with gilding and awkward ornaments . . . The 
 present Prince has continually about his person a guard of two 
 hundred men collected from amongst his tenants, dressed in 
 magnificent uniforms, and as many more inhabit the other 
 country seats. Two companies of players, the one Italian, the 
 other German, perform alternately in a new and very beautiful 
 theatre . . . Every stranger has the permission to enter, 
 even without having been presented to the Prince, who very 
 seldom shows himself and lives here quite a retired life . . . 
 
 " From Esterhazi we proceeded as far as Presburg, the capital 
 of Plungary, a very ugly, ill-built town situated upon the 
 Danube, over which you pass by a flying bridge. The town, 
 since the Duke of Saxe Tesehen has removed his residence to 
 Brussels, has fallen into decay. The castle is a very large and 
 rather beautiful building inhabited by nearly six hundred young 
 men, all of the country, who are there bred up I'or the church. 
 They received us very politely and showed us every curiosity they 
 possess'ed. We saw the window from which the late Empress 
 Queen' ^' addressed the people in a most pathetic speech, holding 
 in her arms the })resent Emperour,*-' then a cliild of scarcely a 
 year old, imploring their assistance to extricate her from those 
 calamities which her numerous enemies heaped upon her. 
 Her faithful Hungarians, softened by this spectacle, swore to 
 sacrifize the last drop of their blood in her and her son's defence ; 
 but little did they think at that time that tlie child would one 
 day prove their greatest oppressor, and make slaves of those 
 
 (1) Maria Theresa, widow of Francis I. 
 (-) Joseph II. (1705—1790). 
 
101 [No. 440. 
 
 people, to wlioin he not only owed his life but his erown, by- 
 overthrowing their rights and liberties, which he had religiously 
 promised to maintain. 
 
 "We talk of setting off tomorrow or the day after for Berlin 
 through Leipsig. . . . You are now thinking, I suppose, of 
 going into Devonshire, the Parhament being nearly at an 
 
 end. ..." 
 
 " Lawrence Palk." 
 
 [Holograph, 4 2>P-, 4<to.] 
 
 [No. 441.] 
 
 Messrs. Pelling & de Fries & Co. to Sir Robert Palk, Bart., 
 
 Bruton Street, London. 
 
 1786, June 26th, Fort St. George.—" This serves chiefly to 
 inform that we have lately received two dividends on account 
 of the Nabob's old consolidated debt. The bond to General 
 I/awrence amounted ... to Pagodas 5,782 25/". 16c. . . . The 
 Nabob has kept up his payments in a surprising manner, 
 having compleated them before the kists became due. . . . 
 If the present regulation for discharging the Na])ob's debt be 
 continued unaltered, the old deljt will be entirely paid off^in 
 less than three years. 
 
 " We are in perfect tranquillity. Tippoo and the Marattas are 
 fighting out their quarrels amongst themselves. The Nizam 
 took the field with the Marattas, but soon returned to his 
 own capital of Hyderabad. 
 
 " Your nephew Tom is doing very well at Trichinopoly . . . 
 We hope you have recommended him to Sir Archibald Campbell, 
 as it will always have due weight. The higher a person rises in 
 the service, the more necessary it is that he should have interest 
 with those in power. 
 
 " The CV)mpany's credit is greatly restored since the orders 
 sent out by the Court of Directors to grant bills on them in 
 discharge for Company's bonds and other papers, although 
 the Supreme Council has not determined the exchange of bills 
 for this Presidency." 
 
 " Pelling & de Fries & Co." 
 
 [2 jjp-, -ito. Wax aeal with monogram.] 
 
 [No. 442.] 
 Tno[MAs] Palk to [Sir Robert Palk]. 
 
 1786, July 2nd, Trichinapoly. — I send you a first Bill of 
 Exchange for 2,062/. 106., payable six months after sight. 
 My remittances to you to this date have aggregated 13,724/. 105. 
 This sum I h.ope to increase to 20,000/. through the supercargoes 
 of Canton, As soon as the whole is realized, I propose to follow 
 it home. 
 
 " Mrs. Palk is exceedingly desirous of seeing her unknown 
 
 A A 
 
No. 442.] 402 
 
 relations, and so am I of her seeing England before it be too late 
 for her to benefit any thing by the change . . . 
 
 " Sir A. Campbell arrived in good time, and promises to make 
 a very good Governor ; so the general voice says. Boards of 
 Commerce and Revenue are established, and the Army cncreased 
 and brigaded . . . The Morattoes are still at war with Tippoo, 
 but not carried on with that vigour which it is our interest 
 to wish should be. The former show some degree of determina- 
 tion to carry their point by keeping south of the Kistnah, and 
 Tippoo by negotiation is trying to gain his. The French, as 
 well as ourselves, are lookers on. Pondicherry is still an open 
 town, except a barrier which has been thrown up around it, and 
 seems calculated for a defence against cavalry only. . . ." 
 
 " Tho. Palk." 
 
 [Holograph, 2 1 pp., large Uo.] - 
 
 [No. 443.] 
 The Rev. J. Bradford to [Sir Robert Palk.] 
 
 1786, July 4th, Ideford. — " My second son, just turned of 
 sixteen, has been educated chiefly at Mr. Crawford's Academy 
 at Newington. He understands French and all sorts of accounts, 
 writes an exceeding good hand, and is, I flatter myself, perfectly 
 free from vice, and of a compilable, steady, sober disposition . . . 
 
 " I had at first thoughts of putting him into trade, but find 
 upon enquiry that the premiums they expect in any reputable 
 shop are not less than four or five hundred pounds. This is so 
 far beyond my finances . . . that I must decline all thoughts 
 of it, and am sorry to be under the necessity of being trouble- 
 some to my friends. If, my dear Sir, you would oblige me so 
 far as to put me in a method of getting the lad a clerkship in 
 any public office or reputable banking house, ... I would 
 willingly advance 200/. if required, and think myself under the 
 greatest obligation to you. 
 
 " I beg leave to congratulate you and Lady Palk on the 
 marriage of your daughter. I had lately the pleasure of meeting 
 Sir Bou[r]chicr Wrey at Star Cross, when he told me Miss Palk 
 was much recovered, which we are most sincerely glad to 
 hear. . . ." 
 
 " J. Bradford." 
 
 [Holograph, 2| pp., ito.] 
 
 [No. 444.] 
 
 Lawrence Palk to Sir Robert Palk, Bart., M.P., Bruton 
 
 Street. 
 
 1786, July 0th, Berlin. — Had your last letters to Vienna been 
 addressed to Leipzig, " we could have profited of Lord 
 Lansdown['s] kindness, and have been introduced to the Prince 
 Anhalt Dessau, (^) whose place we have visited and admired. 
 
 (1) Leopold of Anhalt-Dossau, " the Old Dessauer." 
 
403 [No. 444. 
 
 It is really the best copy of an English park and garden I ever 
 beheld . . . There are few seats in England more beautiful 
 than Dessau. 
 
 " Nothing. I can assure you^ made me regret Vienna more 
 than the Prince Kaunitz. He ever treated me with particular 
 attention and affability, and at the same time that I admire 
 him as ])eing one of the greatest politicians and the best of men, 
 his politeness and kindnesses to me have gained him my 
 esteem . . . Sir Robert Kcith'^' too merits the esteem of 
 every Englishman, nor is there a minister upon the continent 
 who takes more pains ... to introduce his countrymen into 
 the best society. 
 
 " Tomorrow we intend to deliver our letters of recom- 
 mendation to Lord Dalr\'mple*2) ^nd the Prince de Reuss,^^' 
 the Imperial iimbassador. The King of Prussia'*' still continues 
 in a very alarming situation, and it is the general opinion that 
 he will not live out the winter. . . . Our stay at this place will 
 be about a month, . . . but as we arc informed the King 
 will not permit any strangers to pay their court to him, and 
 as most of the fash[i]onable world have quitted the capital, 
 perhaps we shall remain here but half that time. 
 
 " Your accounts of my dear mother as well as of Emelia have 
 given me the greatest pleasure, and I trust her new physician 
 will soon operate a complete cure. . . ." 
 
 " Lawrence Palk." 
 
 [Holograph, 3| pp., ito. Wax seal.] 
 
 [No. 445.] 
 Tho[mas] Palk to Sir Robert Palk, Bart., Bruton Street. 
 
 1786, July 8th, Trichinapoly. — Encloses a first bill of exchange 
 for ],031/. hs. 
 
 [Holograph, I p., 4to. Wax seal inscribed ' Thomas Palk ' 
 in Persian characters.] 
 
 [No. 446.] 
 
 Lawrence Palk to Sir Robert Palk, Bart., M.P., Bruton 
 
 Street. 
 
 1786, July 10th, Berlin. — " Our stay at this place, I apprehend, 
 will be rather shorter than we originally intended, as Lord 
 Dalrymple informs us that most of the beau monde have retired 
 from this city, some to Potsdam, but most of them to their 
 country houses. . . . Tomorrow we are to be presented to the 
 Queen and some of the Princes. The King, not being entirely 
 
 (1* Sir Robert Murray Keith, British Ambassador since 1772 at Vienna, where 
 his father had formerly served in the same capacity. 
 
 (2) John, Ix)rd Dah-ymple, afterwards Earl of Stair, British Ambassador to 
 Prussia. 
 
 (3) Every member of \m{\\ branches of the Reuss family was called Ilenry, with 
 a distinctive l)ut confusinfr numeral attached to the name. 
 
 (4) Frederick the Great. 
 
No. 446.] 
 
 404 
 
 recovered from his late indisposition, does not as yet show 
 himself at Court, and remains at Potsdam with a chosen 
 party of his Generals. People say here that he is pretty well, 
 as he gallops on horsel)ack for two German miles ; but this 
 circumstance in my opinion proves better the strength and 
 health of his steed than of his own. . . ." 
 
 " I hope Emelia's speed}^ recovery will soon permit you to 
 visit Haldon. . . . The late acquisition you have made will 
 certainly render it, if possible, more beautiful and more compact 
 than ever. The most earnest of my wishes is that }ou may 
 long live to admire its beauties. . . ." 
 
 " Lawrence Palk." 
 
 [Holography 2f pp., Uo. Wax seal.] 
 
 [No. 447.] 
 
 Lawrence Palk to Sir Robert Palk, Bart., M.P., Bruton 
 
 Street. 
 
 1786, July 21st, Berlin. Received 2nd August.—" At our 
 return from Potsdam last Wednesday, where we had been invited 
 to dine with the Prince of Prussia,^i> we received your last 
 favour of the 4th instant, inclosing a letter of credit, . . . 
 for which we return you our most sincere thanks, particularly 
 so as the money we took up at Vienna is now entirely 
 expended. ... 
 
 " You say in your last kind letter, ' My inducement to send 
 my son abroad was to supply the want of study at home, to 
 teach him to be a good citizen, and that qui mores hominiim 
 midiorum vidit et nrhes might make his own remarks, adopt the 
 good and avoid what was otherwise.' During my travels on 
 the Continent my time has been principally employed in reading 
 the histories of the several States T have passed through, in 
 acquainting myself with the different objects of conmierce, 
 and of their different manner of government. These have 
 been my princi])al studies, and if I have not succeeded in my 
 attempts, the fault ought rather to be imputed to the badness 
 of my memory than to my want of application . . . 
 
 " Berlin is at present remarkably dull, most of its inhabitants 
 having retired to their country seats, or to Potsdam, where the 
 alarming indisposition of the King calls for their almost constant 
 attendance. It is generally feared that he will not survi^'e the 
 winter. His legs are swelled in such a manner as to prevent 
 his walking without the assistance of his servants even from 
 one chamber to another. He has not, however, lost his accus- 
 tomed chearfulness, but dines every day in company with a 
 chosen party of his generals . . . Great expectations arc formed 
 of the abilities of his successour, the Prince of Prussia, and the 
 generallity of people imagine that the kingdom will be in the 
 same flourishing condition during his administration as it has 
 
 :^ (1) The Crown rdnce, shortly to become Frederick Wilham II. 
 
405 [No. 447. 
 
 btcii during tluiL ol" his uncle. Be this as it may, the death of 
 the present king cannot but cause great disturbance and be 
 sincerely felt in every part of the kingdom. The Emperour 
 has his eyes continually iixed on Silesia, keeps his troups in 
 readiness, and waits only for that event to attcm[)t the conquest 
 of that province, which has been so unjustly ravished from him. 
 The Prussian army, is however, on a very good footing, com- 
 manded by excellent and very expert generals . . . But if the 
 Prince of Prussia does not, upon his coming to the throne, 
 augment the pay of his soldiers, and relax in some measure the 
 se\erity of their discipline, it is feared that nearly half his army 
 will desert upon the first breaking out of a war. The soldiers 
 complain very much, and honestly confess, even to their own 
 officers, that they only wait for a good opportunity to quit their 
 present masters. 
 
 " We intend setting off the day after tomorrow for Brunswic 
 and Hanover. After having been presented to the Duke of 
 York we shall proceed to Dusseldorf, from whence we shall 
 descend the Rhine to Wesel, where I hope to have the pleasure 
 of hearing from you. We expect to be there in about six weeks. 
 If you do not think your letters can arrive there by that time, 
 I shall be obliged to you to direct them to Amsterdam ..." 
 
 " Lawrence Palk." 
 [Holograph, 31 pjj., ito. Wax seal.] 
 
 [No. 448.] 
 F. D'lvERNOis to [Sir Robert Palk]. 
 
 178G, July .30th, Brunswick. Received 17th August. — We 
 arri^•ed here yesterday, and have already been received by 
 the Duchess, sister of the King of England, with the greatest 
 affability . . . Your son felt that he deserved your little lecture 
 on economy, and was anxious to reduce his expenditure, which, 
 though considerable, could not be called extravagant. Part of 
 it was due to beneficence : in other cases he was duped by the 
 false prejudices which most young Englishmen bring to the 
 Continent. But he is rapidly curing himself of them, and our 
 expenses are certainly less than at Neuchatel, where no display 
 was called for. Moreover, rapid travelling and brief halts, 
 such as we have had in Germany, involve increased cost. At 
 Vienna we spent nearly 250/. in two months, but it was less 
 than Mr. Spencer's expenditure, and much below that of Mr. 
 Dunt/, who got through lOOl. in one month all by himself. 
 
 Still, I am glad that you have read your son a homily, and I 
 shall be happ}^ if you will say a further word on the subject 
 when we reach Paris, where opportunities of spending w411 
 be both numerous and tempting. I shall send you a detailed 
 statement of account from Cassel, where wc are to attend the 
 
No. 448.] 
 
 406 
 
 ceremony, with which Lord Dalrymple is charged, of investing 
 the Landgrave of Hesse with the Garter. 
 
 "F. D'lVERNOIS." 
 
 [Holograph, French, 4- pp., Ato.] 
 
 [No. 449.] 
 The Rev. Samuel Badcock to [Sir Robert Palk]. 
 
 1786, August 1st, West Sandford. — " I have taken the hberty 
 of transmitting to you a paper, which, if it meets with your 
 approl)ation, I should be glad to see published in the Gentleman'' s 
 Magazine. I flatter myself that I have expressed myself at 
 the conclusion in a manner sufficiently delicate not to give you 
 offence. I wished to have given wider scope to my gratitude, 
 but was restrained by the sense of that very liberality to which 
 I found myself under such great obligations. If you approve 
 of this paper and will permit it, I will communicate to the Editor 
 some farther account of the MSS. which you have entrusted 
 with me. But I will not move a step without your permission. 
 
 " I had drawn up a catalogue, with some general account of 
 the contents of the several papers^ before I had the honour of 
 writing to you an account of the progress I had made. Since 
 that I have heard of a very curious MS. in Mr. Coffin's library, 'i' 
 entitled Hooker\9 Surveij. I believe it is the only one now 
 existing, and I wish to procure a sight of it, that I ma}^ extract 
 from it whatever is curious to be added to vour collection. 
 I doubt not but Mr. Coffin would very readily permit it if the 
 favour were asked him cither by yourself or Sir John 
 Chichester ..." 
 
 " Samuel Badcock." 
 
 {Holograph, 2 jjp., flscp.] 
 
 [No. 450.] 
 Tno[MA]s Felling to Sir Robert Falk, Bt. 
 
 1786, August 2nd [Madras]. — Encloses duplicate of his letter 
 of the 18th March, 1786, and announces that the natural sons 
 of Mr. ]^arclay<-* and Colonel Kelly'-^* have arrived in India 
 with commissions as ensign. 
 
 [Holograph, h p., 4/o.] 
 
 [No. 451.] 
 
 F. D'Ivernois to [Sir Robert Falk]. 
 
 1786, August 9th, Fyrmont, near Hanover. ReceiAxd 23rd 
 August. — Since I wrote from Brunswick we have visited 
 Hanover. We were there presented to the Duke of York, 
 who honoured us with an invitation to dinner. liCaving 
 
 (1) Tlift lil)r;iry at Poi'tledgo, near Bideford. 
 
 (2) Rol>crt Barclay. Vide Xo. 39n, ;). 304, note 3. 
 '^) Robert Kelly. Vide No. 78, p. 106, note 5. 
 
407 [No. 451. 
 
 Hanover for Cassel, we made a circuit by Pyrmont, where the 
 Geriuaii society of the vicinity had assembled to take advantage 
 of the mineral springs. We ex[)eetcd to meet here the ruling 
 Uuke of C\)urland and his Duchess, whose acquaintance we had 
 made at the residence of the Crown Prince of Prussia. This is 
 the second da\' ol" our stay, and as we havx no need of the cure, 
 thank heaven, we shall make for Cassel very shortly. That 
 place is not likely to oiler attractions, as the Court is in retreat. 
 We shall go a little out of our way to visit Gottingen, get a 
 glimpse of its celebrated university, and be presented to the 
 young Princes, as General Grenville has been good enough to 
 give us a letter to their Governor. 
 
 From Cassel there are two routes to Holland open to us ; one 
 to Wesel through Westphalia, which is direct but devoid of 
 interest ; the other, double the distance but much more 
 attractive, by Frankfort and the Rhine. We shall probably 
 adopt the latter, as it will enable us to see Coblentz, Cologne, 
 Diisseldorf, etc. This route will take us a fortnight or more . . , 
 Allowing from two to three weeks to reach Wesel and two more 
 for passing through Holland, we ought to be at the end of our 
 travels b}^ the middle of September. This is rather earlier 
 than you expected, and is the result of our having visited the 
 capitals at a period when the nobles were out of town. As I 
 believe that the cultivation of good society rather than topo- 
 graphical knowledge is your chief aim for your son, there would 
 have been no advantage in prolonging our halts in Germany. 
 
 The question now is whether you wish us to establish our- 
 selves at once in Paris until next February, or whether we 
 should travel a little in France before settling down. As you 
 are aware. Sir, there is one essential difference between the 
 capitals of France and England. The English people can be 
 studied adequately in London ; but to know the French nation 
 it is not enough to reside in Paris. One must penetrate the 
 country . . . Meanwhile I suggest that you should procure 
 for us as many letters of reconnncndation as possible, for it is 
 chiefly on them that your son must rely for the connections he 
 will form in the capital. A letter to the Ambassador is of little 
 service bv itself. . . . 
 
 "F. D'lVERNOIS." 
 
 P.S. — August 11th, Gottingen. We arriv^ed here yesterday, 
 and have already been presented to the three young Princes, 
 who have asked us to supper this evening. We also met Sir 
 Isaac Heard, '1' who told us the Cassel ceremony M^as over. 
 Apparently we have not lost much by our absence from it. 
 What we rcffrct much more is that the letter which vou entrusted 
 to him for us has not f)cen delivered. Sir Isaac handed it to 
 Lord Barnard,'"-' who is taking it to Berlin, where he expects to 
 find us. Palk, though disappointed, is cheered by the good 
 
 - ■ ■ ■ - . ■ ■ — I -■■..- I I ^ ■ ■ .- ,. , - -— -■■ .1.1 ■ I 
 
 d' Sir Isaac Hoard, Garter King of Arms. 
 
 (-) William Harry Vane, Viscount Barnard, son of the Earl of Darlington. 
 
No. 451.] 408 
 
 account of your health which Sir Isaac gives. Your son has 
 had the pleasure of meeting several of his Oxford friends, who 
 all agree that he never looked better . . . By Sir Isaac Heard 
 I am sending you a copy of our accoimts from the time we left 
 London. The balance of cash remaining on this date is Crowns 
 311-23-6,. besides 100/. of the letter of credit of Sir R. Herries 
 and Co. . . . 
 
 [Holograph, French, 8 pp., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 452.] 
 Henry Vansittart & R[icnAR]D Kennaway to [Sir 
 
 Robert Palk]. 
 
 1780, August 13th, Calcutta. — " We are very glad your 
 brother and nephew have taken on them the debt of Lieut. 
 Welland to his brother. Our pa^mient of it Avas a serious object 
 to young Welland's convenience. We believe Welland has a 
 proper sense of errors, and disposition to reform, which regulates 
 his present conduct ; but his embarrassments from the past we 
 believe are not small, and such as time and oeconomy only in 
 the present situation of this service can entirely remedy . . . 
 
 " Tom Palk's legacy being set off against his debt to the 
 estate; 'i' as it is not only for the convenience of the estate but 
 agreeable to his wishes to receive the sum still intended him in 
 England, whither our attention is engaged in remitting the 
 property, we recommend his being indulged with the payment 
 of it there." 
 
 We hope you duly received bills for a lakh of rupees, and 
 also those for our remittance of 8,859/. We shall shortly send 
 the accounts of the estate. 
 
 " Henry Vansittart, 
 Rd. Kennaway." 
 
 [Autographs, S^ pp., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 453.] 
 Simeon Droz'^) to [General John Caillaud]. 
 
 1786, August 19th, Arlington Street. — " I arrived in England 
 the 6th instant, and landed at Weymouth. From thence I 
 proceeded with my family to Bath, where I left Mrs. Droz very 
 poorly indeed, her nerves being nuich siiook by the fatignc^s of 
 the voyage, and they were in a very indilTerent state before. 
 I liad the pleasure of seeing your sister, being well at Bath. 
 I arrived in town last Thursday night, and am comfortably 
 lodged for the present in the same house with John Boileau . . ." 
 
 My chief object in writing is to ask you to use your inlluence 
 with Sir Rol)ert Palk, with whom I am not acquainted. " The 
 case is this : — When I succeeded my late frieiul Mr. Palk in the 
 chiefship of Cossimbuzar, he proposed that I should take off his 
 hands some concerns in small Filatures or places for making silk, 
 
 (1) The estate of Robert Palk, jun. ' 
 (^) Vide No. 41!), p. 881, note 2. 
 
409 [No. 453. 
 
 Avliic'li ]\v i)ossessed in the neighbourhood of the Factory ; and 
 in consc(][uence I gave him at his request a bond^for 9,000 Rs., 
 bearing interest at 1 per eent. per annum, and payable in ^3 
 vears : but I never received the said Fihxtures or anv smallest 
 advantage from them ^vllatever . . ." Mr. Palk promised to 
 return the bond, but forgot to do so, fell ill, and died on liis way 
 home. Messrs. Vansittart & Kennaway afterwards presented 
 the bond for payment. I explained the matter and, in return 
 for the original bond, gave a bond of indemnity to cover them in 
 case Sir Robert Palk and the other executors should insist on 
 pavment. I now beg you to interest yourself with Sir Robert 
 on my behalf and secure the return of the bond of indemnity. 
 [Ilulograph, 4 pp., Mo.] " Simeon Droz." 
 
 [No. 454.] 
 
 Lawrexce Palk to Sir Robert Palk, Bart., M.P., 
 
 Bruton Street. 
 
 1786, August 'Jlst, Wesel. Received 5th September. — 
 " We arri\cd here \'esterday evening some moments after the 
 express which brought the account of the King of Prussia's 
 death f)n the 17th instant, and of the heri[di]tary Prince's 
 accession to the throne by the name of Frederick William the 
 2nd. This morning we were at the parade when the troups 
 comprising this garrison took the oath of fidelity and obedeance 
 to their new souverain. Notwithstanding the trouble and 
 confusion this event cannot fail of producing in every part of the 
 Prussian territories, it seems here to be the general opinion that 
 the Emj^erour, actually in Transilvania and far remo^'ed from 
 the frontiers of Silesia, will not strike a blow in attempting to 
 regain this part of the possessions anciently belonging to his 
 family . . . 
 
 " I this moment receive your kind letter of the 11th inst. . . . 
 Your accounts of my dear mother's health . . . have gi\'en 
 me the greatest uneasiness, and make me accept with the 
 sineerest acknowledgements }'our permission to return to England 
 as soon as possible. Had you not desired me to continue my 
 tour through Holland, I might perhaps have been the avant- 
 courcur of this letter. The alarming state of my poor Emelia's 
 health, joined to th[at] of my dear mother, makes me 
 unc()ni[mon] anxious to join my endeavours to yours in searching 
 a means to render them every consolation in my jifower. 
 
 " Mr. D'lvernois, whom I have consulted with regard to our 
 proposed tour through Holland, is of opinion it will not take up 
 more than three weeks, at the end of which time I hope to add 
 to the pleasure of embracing that of assuring my dear father 
 by word of mouth how truly and sincerely I am his most dutiful 
 and affectionate son, 
 
 " Lawrence Palk." 
 
 [Holograph, 3| pp., 4/o. Wax seal.] 
 
410 
 
 [No. 455.] 
 Henry Vansittart jun., to Sir Robert Palk. 
 
 1786, August 26th, Calcutta. Received — March, 1787. — 
 " I am very much obhged to you for an intimation contained 
 in one of your lettei's to Kemiaway and myself that you would 
 get us reconmiended to Lord Cornwallis. This I believe will 
 be the last instance of assistance which I shall require from you 
 after the man}^ which I have received, both in fixing me upon 
 this establishment and in promoting my successful progress 
 through this service. Every consideration inclines me to go 
 home next year. I gain very little more than a subsistence, 
 and my situation is rendered every year more disagreable by the 
 interference of the Government here, the Court of Directors 
 and Parliament ... 
 
 " We expect Lord Cornwallis in a lortnight, and the business 
 of Government is in suspencc untill his arrival. His appointment 
 may be productive of much good or much harm, and it will not 
 be in the power of the best intentions to prevent the latter, 
 either if his Lordship acts without advice or if he is influenced 
 by bad . . . 
 
 " I think we shall })e able completely to close our administra- 
 tion of your nephew's estate this year . . ." 
 
 " H^NRY Vansittart." 
 
 [Autograph, 3| pp., Uo. Duplicate.'] 
 
 [No. 456.] 
 Messrs. Pelling »fe de Fries to Sir Robert Palk, Bart. 
 
 1786, August 29th, Fort St. George.—" The Nabob has 
 regularly compleated, even by anticipation, the payment of his 
 annual subsidy of sixteen lacks. The Government has not 
 l)een cjuite so regular in making the dividends to his creditors, 
 some part being still unpaid. We shall . . . remit you . . . 
 whatever dividends we may receive on account of the Nabob's 
 bond to General Lawrence, and for your concern under the late 
 Mr. Morse. The executors of Goodlad liave not made any 
 further payment. We do not fail to remind them from time 
 to time, but until money becomes more plenty in the Settlement 
 punctuality will not be observed in dealings. 
 
 " Lord CornwaUis arrived here on the 22nd instant after a 
 very short passage, and is to leave this for Bengal the 1st of next 
 month. People's mind[s] are made easy for the repeal of the 
 ol)noxious part of Mr. Pitt's India Bill. We are peaceable 
 throughout all onr possessions \n India. Tippoo, the Marattas 
 and Nizam |are] lighting out their own battles. This last has 
 lost the whole of the Adoni country to Tippoo. The rains at 
 present on that side prevent operations in the held, but it is 
 likely to take place with more vigour the next spring." 
 
 " Pelling & de Fries." 
 
 [2 pp.y Uo. Duplicate.] 
 
411 
 
 [No. 457.] 
 Tho[mas] Palk to Sir Robert Palk. 
 
 178(), September 7tli, Trich[inopol]y.— " I am happy that so 
 handsome an addition has been made to my poor brother's 
 legacies to my sisters, and thankful for the cancelling of my debt 
 to him, which in that event has been, I hope, . . . carried to 
 my credit in England . . . When all the bills which I have 
 transn)itted to you are paid, with the legacy, their amount will 
 be 18,976/. [?18*7n6/.] . . . 
 
 " You may, my dear Sir, very naturally conclude that I am 
 most anxious to see those dear friends at home once more, and 
 that T am straining every nerve to effect it, but alas I fortunes 
 are not to be made so rapidly now as before the war. People 
 in my situation have never made them by their employs, but 
 by loans of money to the country at, as you know, an high 
 interest ; but it is no longer safe to do it on any terms ; and 
 the Nabob, since the restitution of the Assignment, has not 
 practised that good old custom. A most cordial understanding 
 exists at present between me and his Highness, and it shall not 
 be my fault should it not continue . . . 
 
 " My brother,'^' I see, is purchasing away. I hope you will 
 be able to do something of the same sort for me soon. I forgot 
 to tell you, after enimierating the simis I had remitted, that I 
 have Company's paper for Pagodas 60,000, . . . for which I 
 have the bond of the Bengal Government ; so that, airthings 
 considered, my having been 12 years without any employ, and 
 finding myself much in debt on my coming here, you will not 
 think I have been idle. I hope, however, that by the end of '87 
 I shall find myself in very comfortable circumstances, and that 
 the Januar\' following will enable me to lea\"e India . . . 
 
 " I am happy to find Tom is well and improving. When 
 you think him of age to be put to a school at or near London, I 
 shall be nuich pleased. In January next we intend to send 
 Kitty and Bob by Mrs. I^ang, Mrs. Palk's sister ; the former 
 in particular to be presented to Lady Palk. She is a sweet 
 child, and will I doubt not be a great favorite. Neither of 
 them as yet have had the smallpox. They will go on the 
 Manship, Capt. Gregory . . ." 
 
 [Holograph, 7-i pp., 4/o.] " Tiro. Palk." 
 
 [No. 458.] 
 
 Lawrence Palk to [Sir Robert Palk]. 
 
 1786, September 8th, I^a Have. — " We arrived here yesterday 
 in company with the Count dc Boui'ghaus and his I'amily, who 
 were kind enough to olTtr us a place in their boat from Amster- 
 dam, At my arrival I had the pleasure of receiving the letters 
 you had entrusted to the care of Sir Isaac Heard, amongst 
 
 (1) Walter Palk, jim. 
 
No. 458.J 412 
 
 which I found a recommendatory one to Sir James Harris. '^^ 
 I do not suppose it will be of any great use to me, being informed 
 our Ambassador is at present entirely occupied with the Prince 
 of Orange's affairs, which seem to grow every day worse and 
 worse, insomuch that a civil war appears now to be almost 
 inevitable. The States of Holland, who assembled this mornina', 
 have come to a resolution almost unanimous, not only to 
 divest him of all his employments, but also of his Statholderat. 
 . . . The King of Prussia has sent one of his principal Ministers, 
 the Count de Gortz (late envoy to the Court of Petersbourg) to 
 endeavour to accomplish "a reconciliation between the Prince 
 of Orange and the States ; but they seem to be so exasperated 
 against [himi] that it is feared this negotiation will turn out 
 unsuccessful. 
 
 " I cannot conceive how the Stadholder, united solely with 
 the province of Gueldre, can resist the imited efforts of the 
 remaining six, whose troups are at least five [times] as numerous 
 as those at present under his command, unless his brother in law 
 the King of Prussia makes a diversion in his favour, which in 
 the present position of affairs appears to be ^'ery improbable. 
 
 " In addition to this piece of news we have received advice 
 of the declaration of war between Russia and the Turks, and 
 that we have sold Gibraltar to the Empress'^) for the sum of 
 2,000,000 })ounds sterling. I am to[o] good an Englishman 
 not to wish this piece of news to be authentic, as it has been 
 sufliciently proNcd that this fortress is of no real use to us, but 
 on the contrary puts us to a much greater expence than we can 
 at present afford. 
 
 " We have been thus far ^'ery much deliglited with our tour 
 through Holland. At ovu' entrance into this country every 
 thing announced to us the riches and general ease of its inhabi- 
 tants, and this spectacle was greatly heigthened by the idea of 
 the marks of misery and oppression we had left behind us in 
 the deserts of AVestphalia. But ^vhat particularly attracted 
 our attention was the astonishing neatness and cleanliness of 
 all the houses both great and small ... I cannot give any idc^a 
 of the societies, as, not ha\ ing anv letters of recommentUiliou 
 
 7 7 O •- 
 
 for Amsterdam or any other town througli which I have passed, 
 I was not admitted amongst them. The Dutch seem to me to 
 ])e in general a very good kind of people in their own way, who 
 uiiderstaiul speculation as well, if not nuich better than tluir 
 neighl)ours. 
 
 " Your letter to Mr. D'lvernois, which we yesterday received, 
 gives me no account of Emelia,'^* though it makes me happy 
 in the receit of [ncw^s ofj the better health of my dear mother. 
 We intend setting off in three or four days for Brussels, and on 
 
 '1' Sir James Hams, afterwards Earl of .Maltucsbury, was British Minister at the 
 HaKue. 
 
 '■-> Catheriue II. of Russia. 
 
 '^' Tlic ucws of limelia Palk'd death ou the 11th Augu;st was doubtless withheld 
 intentionally. 
 
413 [No. 458. 
 
 our way we shall pass throiigli Rotterdam and Breda. We 
 expect to arrive at Brussels in about a fortnight. Avlien I flatter 
 myseli' I sluiU have the pleasure of hearing from you . . ." 
 
 " Lawrence Palk." 
 [Holograph, 4: pp., -ito.] 
 
 [No. 450.] 
 Thomas Abraham to [Sir Robert Palk]. 
 
 1780, September 18th, Calcutta. — " It is reported that Mr. 
 Stables intends going home this season on one of the Indiamen. 
 Mr. IMacpherson will also go probably, in consequence of having 
 lost his appointment, and haAang such little influence from" his 
 being only a Member of Council. The Governor, I suppose, 
 will do anything noAv even without the Council. It is rather 
 dangerous now, I l^elieve, to say much about public affairs in 
 consequence of the late orders from home, which I shall 
 accordingly take care to pay attention to ; indeed there is very 
 little to say if one wished it. 
 
 " General Lang intends embarking for Europe this season 
 in an Indiaman from hence that is to call at Madras. Mr. 
 .Jackson, son of the musician at Exeter I believe, is gone from 
 Madras to China . . . and thence to England." I have not 
 yet met Ensign Preston.'^' ;; He called on me once in Calcutta, 
 but I missed him, and he left directly afterwards with Colonel 
 Pearse's detachment. Ensign Preston'^) of the Coast establish- 
 ment was here some time ago. He proposed, after returning to 
 Trichinopoly, to proceed to England to bring oat his wife and 
 children. I thank you for recommending me to Lord Cornwallis 
 and Mr. Shore, and congratulate you on Miss Palk's marriage. 
 
 " Thomas Abraham." 
 
 [Holograph, 4 pp., Mo.] 
 
 [No. 460.] 
 
 Chocapah to the Honble. Sir Robert Palk, Baronet. 
 
 1786, September 30th, Madrass. — " Sir Archibald Campbell 
 is arrived here the 6th April last . . . According to the Company's 
 order a Board of Revenue and a Board of Trade were appointed, 
 . . . the former consisting of Mr. Davidson as President, and 
 Messrs. Oakeley, Moubray<^' and Haliburton'^' members ; the 
 latter consisting of Mr. Casamaijor as President, and Messrs. 
 Hollond,'^) Hamilton and John Balfour'*^' members ; and the 
 
 (1) Ensigm Henry Preston, Bengal Army, Vide No. 313, p. 336, note 1. 
 
 (2) Eiisign William Preston, Madras Army. Vide No. 30S, p. 370, note 1. 
 
 (•^' Geort^e Monbray came to India in 1771 as a Senior Merchant with the fixed 
 apjjointinent of Accountant. He retired in 1792. 
 
 (4) David Haliburton, a Madras civil servant of 1770, was Persian Translator and 
 Interpreter. 
 
 (5) Edward John llollond, wlio entered the service in 1769, was eventually 
 provisional Governor for a week in succession to his brother John Hollond. 
 
 (6) William IlaTniUon and John Balfour were Madras civil servants of 1766 and 
 1772, respectively. 
 
No. 460.] 414 
 
 Governor is to take his seat in both these Departments whenever 
 he pleases . . . 
 
 " Earl of Cornwall is arrived here with a commission for the 
 Government of Bengali, and with a new one for Sir Archibald 
 Campbell " as Commander-in-Chief of the Coast army. Lord 
 Cornwallis sailed for Bengal on the 31st August. 
 
 " Hyder's son Tippoo directed his war in another part of the 
 world. He declared against the Nizam and Marattas, and has 
 marched with a large army against Adoni, the capital of the 
 late Basalat Jing. He invaded the fort, but was repulsed with 
 great loss by Bassalat Jing's son, who was in the fort with his 
 family. The Nizam, hearing of Tippoo's great army, dispatched 
 a large force under the command of his brother Mokar Ally, 
 assisted with a body of the Marattas horse, who were safely 
 arrived into the fort of Adoni. But unfortunately for the Nizam 
 the conductor of this large army came in such haste that he had 
 not taken the usual precaution to bring provision sufficient for 
 his army as well as [to] supply those in the fort, and exhausted 
 the little provision that was in the fort in a few days after their 
 arrival. When they found it difficult to get provision into the 
 fort on account of Tippoo's being on the frontiers of it, they 
 thought it proper to evacuate the fort of Adoni, and marched 
 with all their forces to the fort of Royachoor ; and Tippoo 
 immediately entered into the fort of Adoni . . . Tippoo, after 
 this success, intends to march against Conoul, which if not 
 timely succoured by the Nizam will, it is thought, fall into his 
 hands . . . 
 
 " Sir John Bailing will, I think, sail for England soon according 
 to the orders of the Court of Directors. He is very sorry at 
 the death of his son Lieut. Dalling, who died here the middle of 
 this month. The Connnittee of Circuit, having examined the 
 Circars under Vizagapatam, , . . arc now in the Masulipatam 
 district . . ." 
 
 " ClIOCAPAH." 
 
 [Autograph, i J^p., 4/o.] 
 
 [No. 461.] 
 Messrs. Felling & de Fries to Sir Robert Palk, Bart. 
 
 1786, October 1 Itli, Fort St. George. — " Although the Nabob 
 paid very punctually his stipulated sum of sixteen lacks for last 
 year, this Government has not coniplcated the payment due 
 for the creditors' share. AVe are promised a di\i(lend soon . , . 
 The Nabob was lately very ill, but he is now in a fair way of 
 recovery, and continues his payments regularly. He sent us 
 word by his Braminy to present his compliments to you his old 
 friend. 
 
 " Lord Cornwallis took possession of his Government on the 
 12tli September. Mr. Shore was unwell : the damp climate of 
 Bengal will be unfavourable to his asthmatick complaint. 
 
415 [No. 461. 
 
 " Tippoo and the Marattas are gone into winter quarters, to 
 recommence their operations after the rains. 
 
 " The rate of bills granted by the Presidencies in India on 
 the Company in liquidation of their debt is so low — 7 shillings 
 per pagoda for this place — that we don't imagine much of their 
 debt will be transferred to Europe." 
 
 " Felling & de Fries." 
 
 [1 p., Uo.] 
 
 [No. 462.] 
 
 The Rev. S[amuel] Badcock to Sir Robert Palk, Bart,, 
 
 Bruton Street. 
 
 1786, October 19th, South Molton.— " I have frequently 
 made enquiries after the health of Lady Palk, but the accounts 
 I received were so very unfavourable that I was fearful of 
 writing to you lest I should intrude on you ... I most sincerely 
 sympathize with you in the affliction you have lately gone 
 through . . . 
 
 " Since my last I have received Hooker's Account of Devon 
 from Mr. Coffin's library. What is valuable shall be transcribed. 
 I expect Westcote's Description'^^^ . . . that a cop^y of it may 
 [be] procured for your collection. A very large folio of arms 
 and genealogies is the only remaining MS. in Portlege'^) Library 
 that respects the County. 
 
 " In Fuller's Worthies, under the article of Devonshire, 
 mention is made of a manuscript relating to the County written 
 
 by ' Northcote, Baronet.' Fuller refers to it several times, 
 
 and even gives some extracts from it. Bishop Nicholson,'^) 
 however, in his Historical Library supposes that Fuller had 
 confounded Northcote with Westcote, and then says in a pun- 
 ning way that ' the author was often at a greater distance from 
 truth than North and West.' Yet Mr. Gough seems positive 
 that Fuller made no mistake, and says that the late Sir Henry 
 Northcote*'*' (who practised physic and lived in the parish of 
 Tawstoek) had the manuscript in his possession that Fuller 
 quotes, and intended to have published it with considerable 
 enlargements. He further says that the MS. was afterwards 
 in the possession of Mr. Hesket. I have desired Mr. Chichester 
 of Hall to ask his relation Sir Stafford Northcote if he possesses 
 any IMSS. that may be worth transcribing relating to the County. 
 The Mr. Heskett mentioned by Gough is supposed ... to have 
 been the same gentleman who some years since possessed 
 i^ldiscot near Torrington, now Mr. Rowe's estate. What 
 became of his papers I could never learn. 
 
 " I will take care to have the MSS. belonging to your collection 
 bound in the way you have mentioned, and will superintend 
 the business that no mistakes may be made . . . 
 
 U) Thomas Westcote published a View of Devonshire in 1630. 
 
 (2) Portledge, near Bideford, the scat of the Pine-Coffin family. 
 
 (3) William Nicolson, Bishop of Carlisle. 
 
 W Sir Henry Northcote, Bt., M.D., (1655—1730). 
 
No. 462.] 416 
 
 " I have lately spent a fortnight at Colonel Simcoe's and at 
 other places in the neighbourhood of Exeter ; and then took 
 the opportunity of writing to my uncle to inform him that I had 
 at last come to a resolution to quit my office among the Dissenters. 
 I explained my reasons, and then left him to judge whether I 
 had not taken a right step. It was the step that my inclination, 
 my judgment and my conscience equally concurred to dictate. 
 . . . The risque I ran with my uncle I was well aware of, but I 
 was resolved to hazard it . . . 
 
 " The Bishop hath offered me ordination, and was so obliging 
 as to say that he considered me as a great acquisition ... I told 
 the Bishop that ordination was too serious a business to be 
 determined on in haste . . . but it was probable that I should 
 avail myself of his Lordship's offer next summer. I have no 
 ambition of preferment. A rerij moderate competency is all 
 I wish, and my prospects do not exceed a hundred a year. 
 If I could secure that, I shall be perfectly resigned to the loss 
 of my uncle's favour and fortune ..." 
 
 " S. Badcock." 
 
 " P.S. — I am much with Sir John Chichester, who often, 
 very often, speaks of you and Lady Palk with great friendship 
 and esteem. I went to call on Sir Bourchier Wrev this week, 
 but he and I^ady Wrey were gone to Barley. We wished much 
 to know how liady Palk was ; and Sir John (whom I shall see 
 this afternoon) will rejo^^ce to hear that any favourable circum- 
 stance appears in her Ladyship's complaint." 
 
 [Holograph, 4 pp. flscp. and | p. 4to.] 
 
 [No. 463.] 
 
 G. Browne to Sir Robert Palk, Bart. 
 
 1780, November 8th. — " Mr. Ward's^i) last letters informed 
 me that he had directed his agent at Calcutta to remitt money 
 to engrave the Vie^^■s of Hindoo Buildings, and I have in con- 
 sequence been in daily expectation of it. None is yet received. 
 So soon as I find myself in cash to carry the work into execution 
 I shall give notice in the papers." 
 
 " G. Browne/' 
 
 [Holograph, 1 p., 4to.] 
 
 [No. 464.] 
 
 Tiio[ma]s Abraham to [Sir Robert Palk]. 
 
 1786, November 12th, Calcutta. — " It is with extreme concern 
 that I communicate to vou the mclancholv event since mv last 
 of the death of my poor friend Mr. Van Sittart, miiversally 
 })elovcd, lamented and regretted, of which, as you will have no 
 doubt very particular information, I shall quit the painful and 
 
 (1) Culonel Francis Swain Ward. Vide No. 396, p. 369, note 1. 
 
417 [No. 464. 
 
 disagreeable further relation by only observing the bad effects 
 of too long a stay in this country, both in this and another 
 recent instance . . . 
 
 " The bill I drew on my father for 150/. I hope has been 
 honoured. I shall use my utmost endeavours to prevent any 
 necessity for drawing again. I can live upon my present salary 
 without running into any debt, which I shall always studiously 
 take care to avoid : it hangs like a millstone about the neck of 
 a young man, now certainly when there is so bad a prospect of 
 ever being able to repay it. My salary has been reduced so 
 much lately that I should imagine it will be cut no more, or 
 that I may be able to get some little encrease to it . . ." 
 
 [Holograph, 3^ pp., Uo.] " Thos. Abraham." 
 
 [No. 465.] 
 Tho[mas] Palk to [Sir Robert Palk]. 
 
 [17]86, November 14th, Trichinapoly. — " These few lines 
 will be conveyed by the Swallow packet. By the MansMp, 
 which will sail from Madras about the 15th of next month, I 
 shall have the pleasure to write you again. General Lang and 
 family will go on this ship, and will have my children Kitty and 
 Bob under their care. We are about setting off for Madras for 
 that purpose. I shall write to Ashburton by that conveyance, 
 though I have not heard from thence this year . . ." 
 
 [Holograph, 2\ pp., Uo.] " Tho. Palk.' 
 
 9> 
 
 [No. 466.] 
 Adrian de Fries'^' to Sir Robert Palk, Bart. 
 
 1786, November 20th, Fort St. George.— On the 16th instant 
 I sent you a First Bill of Exchange for 2,000/. on account of 
 Mr. Thomas Palk of Trichinopoly. I now enclose a First of 
 Exchange drawn by the Governor and Council of Tranquebar 
 on the Royal College of Economy and Commerce at Copenhagen 
 for 1,856/. 5*., payable to your order for credit to Mr. Palk. 
 
 [Autograph, 1 p., Uo.] " Adrian de Fries." 
 
 [No. 467.] 
 
 Messrs. Felling & de Fries to Sir Robert Palk. 
 
 1786, December 2nd, Fort St. George.— " The creditors of 
 the Nabob have not received their last dividend from the 
 Government yet to compleat their share of the annual pa3'ment 
 of 16 lacks, which was fully paid by the Nabob in July last. 
 The Company having sent out instructions to the Governor and 
 
 (1) The firm of Felling & de Fries bore for a time the designation Adrian & 
 John de Fries. 
 
 BB 
 
No. 467.] 
 
 418 
 
 Council regarding the New Cavalry Loan'^' to make provision 
 with the Nabob for the liquidation of it, the Governor and 
 Council have thought proper to join this loan to the three former 
 classes of creditors ; which being looked upon as an innovation, 
 and contrary to the arrangement made with the Court of 
 Directors under the sanction of Parliament, the Committee of 
 Creditors have strongh^ remonstrated against it. 
 
 " We beg leave to inclose you copys of two letters*^) written 
 on this occasion, and hope from the justice of the Board of 
 Control that the creditors will have satisfaction to their just 
 complaint . . . We are convinced of your good inclination to 
 render service to the poor creditors and for promoting the 
 welfare of this Settlement, and shall therefore take the liberty 
 to recommend their cause to your good offices . . . 
 
 " We have nothing new. The war between the Maratta 
 and Tippoo continue[s] without any extraordinary occurrence. 
 Lord Cornwallis gives universal satisfaction at Bengal." 
 
 [2 pp., Uo.] " Felling &z de Fries." 
 
 [Enclosure].— QoY^y of letter dated Fort St. George, 24th 
 November, 1786, from the Committee of the Three Classes of 
 the Nawab's creditors to the Honble. Major General Sir 
 Archibald Campbell, K.B., President and Governor in Council, 
 Fort St. George. 
 
 With reference to our letter of the 21st instant, and to Mr. 
 Secretary Chamier's reply intimating that Government have 
 resolved to carry out the Court's orders " by placing the debts 
 of Colonel Sir Henrv Cosbv,*^' Lieut. -Colonel Dugald CaniDbell*'^' 
 and Mr. Doll " in the same category as the creditors in the 
 Cavalry Loan, we ask for reconsideration of this decision on 
 the ground that it prejudices oiir rights and alienates in favour 
 of others a public negotiable fund which is the property of our 
 constituents. 
 
 (Signed) 
 
 [2f pp., flscp.] 
 
 " John Turing, James Taylor, 
 Edward Hollond, Paul Benfield, 
 George Moubray." 
 
 (1) The Cavalry Loan of 1769 was of Pags. 1,00,000 advanced by James Taylor. 
 Andrew Majendie and James Call for the satisfaction of arrears of i>ay to the Nawali's 
 troops. 
 
 (2) One letter only has been traced. 
 
 (3) Captain Henry Augustus Cosby commanded a battalion of native infantry 
 in the first Mysore War, 1767-69. In 1774 he became Adjutant General of the 
 Madras Army with the rank of Lieut. -Colonel, and three years later conducted a 
 force against the Poligars of Chittoor. He afterwards served in the second Mysore 
 war, and died in 1787. 
 
 (4) Dugald Campbell served in 1771 as a lieutenant in the 1st Madras Cavalry, 
 and two years later he commanded the regiment at the siege of Tanjore. Colonel 
 Clampbcll was afterwards in command of the four regiments of native cavalry which 
 mutinied at Arnee in 1781. lie must n^t be confused with Lieut. Dugald 
 €ampl)ell, who accompanied Killpatrick in 1756 to Bengal, where he was killed 
 in the same year. 
 
419 
 
 [No. 468.] 
 
 Ensign Wjli|ta]m Pkeston to Ste Robkut Pai.k, Bart., 
 
 London. 
 
 1786, December IDth, Trichinopoly.— " I did myself the 
 pleasure of writing to you from Calcutta in July last. Nothing 
 material has happened since but the death of Mr. Yansittart, 
 whose loss is lamented by all who had the honor of his acquain- 
 tance. I returned here in October, and am . . . restored to the 
 eft'ectis'c list, as I have declined all thoughts of visiting Europe 
 till Mr. Palk returns. He tells me it will be in another year. 
 General Lang has deferred going home this season. It's a dis- 
 appointment to Mr. and Mrs. Palk not being able to send their 
 children. We were on our way to Madras and within eighty 
 miles, when Mrs. P. received intelligence from the General that 
 he had changed his mind. 
 
 " The present Government renders our situation very satis- 
 factory. Tippoo Saib and the Mahrattoes have lately had 
 desperate actions, which terminated in favor of the latter . . ." 
 
 [Holograph, lip., 4fo.] " Willm. Preston." 
 
 [No. 469.] 
 Messrs. Pelling & de Fries to Sir Robert Palk, Bart. 
 
 1786, December 23rd, Fort St. George.—" At last the Govern- 
 ment has made, on the 15th instant, the dividend to the Nabob's 
 creditors to compleat the first annual payment on the present 
 arrangement ; and even this was made one half in money and 
 one half in bills on Mazulipatam, which may occasion us some 
 small loss . . . We inclose you a statement of General 
 Lawrence's bond with the Nabob to 1st January, 1785 . . ." 
 
 We have pressed Messrs. Petrie and De Souza for a settlement 
 of Goodlad's estate. They say that the bond creditors will 
 shortly be paid in full, and that the book creditors will receive 
 60 per cent, of their claims. We enclose you a first bill of 
 exchange for 1,000/., being Pags. 2,500 at 8^. per pagoda, which 
 is a very favourable rate. 
 
 " Publick affairs are in a good train. We are in peace with 
 all the country Powers. The administration of Lord Cornwallis 
 is acceptable to all Bengal, and must greatly recover the 
 Company's credit by his great savings and good management. 
 The Marattas and Tippoo continue at war, but nothing 
 remarkable done on either side." 
 
 [2 pj)., Uc] " Pelling & de Fries, &c." 
 
 [No. 470.] 
 The Rev. Samuel Badcock to Sir Robert Palk, Bart. 
 
 1787, March 1st, South Molton.— " I was sorely disappointed 
 in missing the opportunity of seeing you o' Tuesday, as I pro- 
 posed and most earnestly wished, at Sir John Chichester's, but 
 
No. 470.] 
 
 420 
 
 a violent attack of the head-ach (my old and unconquerable 
 enemy !) confined me all day to my bed at Hall . . . 
 
 " I . . . beg that when you return to London you will be so 
 obliging as to second my application to Sir George Yonge for 
 any little thing that he may hav^e it in his power to procure 
 for me, as the time approaches when I wish to get orders, and I 
 have no prospect from any other quarter. I have stated to 
 Sir George my situation ; and as I have the History of the 
 County greatly at heart, and will exert myself to complete it 
 to the best of my power so as to make it a monument for futurity, 
 I only want a present support to sit down without care ; and a 
 little, a very little, will suffice. I shall then have leisure to 
 prosecute my engagement with you in this great and arduous 
 undertaking ... 
 
 " And as to yourself — my recompense hath exceeded not 
 only my expectation but my desert." 
 
 " Sam. Badcock." 
 
 " P.S. — I will beg the favour of you to direct the enclosed 
 to Mr. Beeke at Oxford'^) ..." 
 
 [Holograph, 3 pp., large 4to.] 
 
 tl' ProVjably the Rev. Henry Beeke, Vicar of St. Mary the Virgin, Oxford, from 
 1782. 
 
421 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Abdalee, The. 5ee Ahmad Shah Abdali. 
 
 Abdalis. The, 281, 281 n2. 
 
 Abdallah, The. See Ahmad Shah Abdali. 
 
 Abdallahs, The. See AbdiiUs, The. 
 
 Abercrombie, Captain, 359. 
 
 Abington, Major William, li. 
 
 Abraham, Frances, iv, 357 7i2. 
 
 Abraham, Robert, 245, 245 ?«2, 357 h2. 
 
 Abraham, Thomas ; arrives in India, 
 Ivi, 359, 359 ?«2 ; criticizes Mac- 
 pherson, Ixi, 388, 394 ; note on, 
 357 «2 ; letters from, 373, 383, 387, 
 394, 413, 416; commended, 379, 
 379 nl; salary of, 383, 417 ; men- 
 tioned, V, Iv, 357, 361, 367. 
 
 Account of Devon, Hooker's, 415. 
 
 Accou7tt of the War in India, Cambridge's, 
 
 X. 
 
 Achin, Achem, Atcheen, 10, 10 7i3, 54, 
 174. 
 
 Act, India, Ivii, Iviii, 362, 377. 
 
 Act, Regulating, xxxii, xxxiii. 
 
 Adair, Captain Thomas, 93. 
 
 Adam's Bridge, 325 ti3. 
 
 Adams, Captain John, 113, 220, 220 nl, 
 239, 240. 
 
 Adams, Mrs. Eleanor, 113, 220. 
 
 Adams, RejTiold ; Master Attendant, 
 xxxv, 141 n\, 150 ?!l ; a fanka- 
 holder, xl, 276 ; death of, xlii, 
 288, 293, 293 nl, 307; letters 
 from, 141, 150, 173, 185, 195, 
 220, 222, 234, 256 ; remits mone3% 
 185 ; tenant of Palk's house, 195, 
 208, 208 Hi, 223, 223 nl, 256 ; his 
 fortune, 288, 293, 307 ; mentioned, 
 xxxvi, 94, 235, 254. 
 
 Adams sisters, The, 237. 
 
 Adlercron, Colonel John, xii. 
 
 Admiralty House, ^Madras ; enlargement 
 of, xlviii, 324 ; Madge at, 223 ; 
 note on, 223 n2 ; conference at, 
 
 257 ; Governor's residence, 258, 
 
 258 « 1,260, 26.5. 
 Admiralty, Lords of the, 6. 
 
 Adoni district ; force to protect, xlvii, 
 devastated by Tipu, Ix ; Nizam 
 in, 23 ; Xizam loses, 410. 
 
 Adoni fort ; taken by Tipu, 414. 
 
 Advocate, Government, 29 «3. 
 
 Affleck, (Captain Philip?), 121. 
 
 Afghans, The, xvi. 
 
 Agassiz, Rougemont & Co.. 386. 388. 
 
 Agra, xxxi, 237, 237 ?i3, 238. 
 
 Agreement as to Walajah's debt, 178, 179. 
 
 Ahmad Shah Abdrih, the Abdalee, the 
 Abdallah ; threatens Delhi, xvi, 
 40, 40 7i2, 45, 45 ?i4 ; at Panipat, 
 xxxvi, 281 n2. 
 
 Ahmadnagar, 1 «3. 
 
 Ahtur, 34. 
 
 Aix-Ia-Chapelle, v. See Treaties. 
 
 Akbar, Huckenbar, 3, 3» 3. 
 
 Aldersey, WilUam ; letters from, 69, 
 168 ; note on, 69 nl ; aids R. Palk, 
 jun., 226 ; mentioned, iv nl, 92. 
 
 Aldiscot, 415. 
 
 Alexander, James ; supports R. Palk, jun., 
 92 ; note on, 92 n6 ; at Patna, 
 130, 130 n5 ; goes to Europe, 
 180, 180 nl ; mentioned, 19 nl, 
 91, 352 n3. See Caledon. 
 
 Alexander, Rebecca, 30 nl. See DuPre. 
 
 Alexander, Robert, 352, 352 n3, 353. 
 
 Alexandria, 306. 
 
 Allahabad ; troops sent to, xvi, 45 ; 
 ceded to Shuja-ud-daula, xxxi, 
 227 n2 ; Mogul and Vizier at, 
 110; survey of, 167; payment 
 for, 231 ; note on, 231 n4. 
 
 Allbeary, Mary, 51 n2. See Brooke. 
 
 Allum securities, 243, 244. 
 
 Alms, R. N., Lieut. James, 6, 6 n3. 
 
 Ambrooke, v. 
 
 Ambur fort, Iv, 354. 
 
 America ; war with, xxxviii, 269, 302, 
 312 ; first U.S. ship arrives, Ivii, 
 363 ; Du Pre's advice as to, 102. 
 
 Amery, ilr. John S., Ixvii. 
 
 Amir-ul-Umara ; proposed employment 
 of, xxxiv, 246, 246 n2, 254 ; liia 
 mot. Hi ; Macartney's dislike of, 
 Ux, 371, 371 n2; manages the 
 Nawab's affairs, lix ; letters from, 
 58, 305 ; note on, 58 nl ; wedding 
 of, 154, 154 n3 ; his army com- 
 mand, 164, 225 ; his alleged plot, 
 291n2, 302, 303, 304 ; his character, 
 292, 303 ; question of his succes- 
 sion, 312, 312 n2; called Madar- 
 ul-mulk, 225, 225 n3, 246, 316, 
 316 nl, 318 ; mentioned, Ixii, 391. 
 
 Amurampadu, 271. 
 
 Amusements, 207, 261, 327. See Sport. 
 
 Anantapur, 270 n4. 
 Anderson. Dr. James, xliv. 
 
 BB 
 
422 
 
 Andrews, John ; envoy to Haidar, ix ; 
 criticism of, 78 ; note on, 78 
 nl ; signs certificate, 94 ; resigns, 
 197. 
 
 Angel ville, 166. 
 
 Angria, x. 
 
 Anhalt-Dessau, Prince Leopold of, Ixv, 
 402, 402 wl. 
 
 Anjengo ; the Sclaters of, xxxvii ; 
 recruits at, 29 ; Chief at, 148 n 2, 
 258 ; Hughes at, 258 ; embarka- 
 tion at, 314 ; mentioned, 6, 13, 
 125, 164, 186. 
 
 Annoar. See Ennore. 
 
 Anson, George, Lord, 6. 
 
 Architect, Ci\il, 109 )il, 324 nl. 
 
 Arcot ; entered by Nawab, ^di ; Clive's 
 defence of, xii, 17 nl, 246 7i3 ; 
 fails in supplies, 23 ; Walajah's 
 visit to, 44, 48 ; Nizam's attempt 
 on, 62 ; neglected by Walajah, 
 218 ; attack expected on, 237 ; 
 troops at, 362 ; the command at, 
 363, 363 nl ; desolation around, 
 371. 
 
 Arcot, Nawab of. .See Muhammad Ali. 
 See Walajah. 
 
 Arcy, Robert D'Arcy, Earl of Holder- 
 nesse, 6. 
 
 Ardley, Samuel ; superseded, 78 ; note 
 on, 78 n2; death of, 174, 179; 
 mentioned, 110, 110 n4, 135. 
 
 Arielore (Araiyalur), 26. 
 
 Armenian merchants, 137, 254. 
 
 Army ; combination of officers of, xxviii, 
 207 nS, 229 n4 ; officers bargain 
 ^\^th Walajah, xxx, 224 ; pay u-ith- 
 held from, Iv, Ivi, Ivii, 364, 372, 
 381, 393 ; mutiny in, Ivi, Ivii, 358, 
 363, 364, 379, 418 «4 ; distress 
 in, Ivii, 354, 373 ; want of supplies 
 ' for, 49 ; lack of personnel, 72, 
 88, 111, 135, 159; distribution 
 of, 99, 362 ; transfer of authority 
 from, 100; cost of Coast, 114; 
 Engineer corps created, 161 ; 
 off- reckonings, 161 ; acts as 
 auxiliary, 164, 177 ; movements, 
 184, 199, 200, 207, 2,58, 328, 329 ; 
 waste in, 186 ; discipUne in, 193 ; 
 negroes in, 200 ; prize money for, 
 224 ; dealings with natives by 
 officers of, 233 ; aids Shuja-ud- 
 daula, 238 ; losses in Cambay, 
 249; agents, 351 ?!l ; arrack for, 
 362, 363. .S'ee Batta. See Court- 
 martial. See Regiments. 
 
 Arnachala Chetti, 136, 280. 
 
 Aniee (Ami) ; beseiged, 102 nl ; death 
 of Kelly at, 106 n5 ; claimed by 
 the Maratlias, 235, 235 n4 : mutiny 
 at, 418 n4. 
 
 Arrack ; Goa, xxxv, 256 ; for troops, Ivi, 
 362, 363 ; consignment of, 5 ; 
 note on, 5 n9. 
 
 Arrack and Toddv ; contract for, xxxii, 
 216, 310. 
 
 Arrany. See Amee. 
 
 Artists, Society of, 361 nl. 
 
 Arzdasht, 209,' 209 nl. 
 
 Asaf-ud-daula ; Xawab of Oudh, xxxiii, 
 li, 320, 320 nl ; cedes Benares, 
 xxxiii, 249. 
 
 Ashburton ; the Palks of, iv, v ; 
 Grammar school of, v ; member 
 for, 30 n2, 86 h1, 242, 245; 
 Dunning of, 135 ni, 245 nl ; 
 mentioned, 79, 88, 113 n4, 115, 
 180 n3, 227 nl, 231, 231 n2, 374, 
 381. 
 
 Ashburton, John Dunning, Lord, 135 n4, 
 245 nl. See Dmining. 
 
 Aska, 261. 
 
 Asquith, Commander David ; commands 
 the Surprise, hi ; his conduct. Hi, 
 hii, 337, 338, 341, 342; claims 
 passage money, liii, 338, 350, 361, 
 362 ; letters from, 340, 345, 351, 
 352 ; his previous command, 
 liii, 341, 342; his table, 338, 
 349, 349 nl. 
 
 Assaymaster, 197 n4, 216, 257 n2. 
 
 Assigned Revenue, Committee of, 109 nl. 
 
 Assignment; Walajah's second, li, 371, 
 391 ; surrender of the, h, lix, 
 374, 411 ; Walajah's first, 129, 
 155. 
 
 Association of Piece-goods merchants, 216 
 
 Association of Diamond merchants, 73, 
 76, 90. See Diamonds. 
 
 Atcheen. See Achln. 
 
 Attorney, Letter of, 219. 
 
 Attorney-General, 29 n3, 
 
 Audynarayenah Chitty (Achnarayana 
 Chetti), 136. 
 
 Aurangabad, 1, 1 n3. 
 
 Aurangzeb, 3. 
 
 Aurora, frigate; Commissioners embark 
 in, 119 ; at the Cape, 125, 
 130, 138; fears for, 130, 134, 
 136; given up for lost, 139, 148, 
 149, 150, 154, 157, 158, 161, 184; 
 mentioned, 30 n3, 124. See Ships. 
 
 Auroras. »S'ee Textiles. 
 
 Austen, Francis, 124. 
 
 Austen, Jane, 124 nl. 
 
 Austen, Philadelphia, 124 ?)1. See Han- 
 cock. 
 
 Austen, Rev. George, 124. 
 
 Auteuil, Louis Combault dc, xi, 23 nl, 
 102 nl. 
 
 Awd. See Oudh. 
 
 Avton, Brassey & Co. ; letters from, 
 386, 388. 
 
423 
 
 BadCOCk, Rov. Samuel ; his career, 
 Ixiii ; letters from, 384, 400, 
 415, 410 : note on, 384 h3 ; 
 mentioned, 416. 
 
 Bahour, xi, Ivi, 356 )i2. 
 
 Baillie, Colonel William, I. 317 w2. 
 
 Baji Rao, Peshwa, xxxvi. 
 
 Baker, Aaron, x nl. 
 
 Baker, Commander George ; his ser- 
 vices, XXXV ; describes the 
 revolution, xl, 282—288; his 
 view of the revolution, xliii, 308, 
 312 ; liis water-supplv scheme, 
 xJiii, xlv, 195, 234, 312, 312 n3, 
 315, 315 »3, 316; reports on 
 fortifications, xlv, 255, 315 ; his 
 hostility to Wynch, xlv, 316 ; 
 commends R, Welland, xlix, 
 333 ; describes results of the 
 war, Ivii, 353 ; Master Atten- 
 dant, 141 )i\ ; recommended by 
 Palk, 171, 193; note on, 171 
 «3 ; reports on Madge's estate, 
 232; letter to, 249; letters 
 from, 249, 253, 254, 257, 265, 
 269, 271, 282, 304, 307, 313, 
 314, 316, 332, 354, 358, 362, 
 374, 391 ; his kindness to R. 
 Welland, 254, 288, 301 ; ham- 
 pered in his work, 256 ; his 
 ill-health, 309 ; loss of his son, 
 325 ; mentioned, xxxvi, xxxvii, 
 xxxviii, Iv, Ixii, 322. 
 
 Baker, Ensign George, xlvii, 325, 
 325 ni. 
 
 Baker. William, 171 «3. • 
 
 Bakhshi\ buxey, 80. 80 w5, 156 n2. 
 
 Bjllagh.1t, The ; Marathas retire to^ 
 183, 183 «1 ; Raghoba in, 237, 
 239 ; Haidar Ali in, 270. 
 
 Balaji Baji Rao, Feshwa, 280 nl. 
 
 Balambangan ; opium for, 255 ; note 
 on, 255 « 10; settlement at, 
 257 ?i2 ; capture of, 259, 259 «2, 
 260, 264. 
 
 Balamuttu Chetti, 280. 
 
 Baldwin, George, 294, 294 nl. 
 
 Balfour, John, 413, 413 nQ. 
 
 Ballard, Mr. ; a cadet, 91, 101, 102. 
 
 Balwant Singh, Raja of Benares, 249, 
 249 »1. 
 
 Banca, Straits of, Sumatra, 53. 
 
 Bandar Abbas, 5 n2. 
 
 Bandarmalanka ; factory at, 29 ; ship- 
 yards at, 94 ; note on, 94 «2 ; 
 oppression at, 264. 
 
 Bangalore ; threatened by Col. Smith, 
 xiii ; proposed action regarding, 
 25, 33 ; Marathas advance on, 
 
 Bangalore — conl. 
 
 42, 47 ; delay of British action 
 against, 81, 89. 
 
 Bank ; at Calcutta, Ixi, 394 7i3. 
 
 Bank of India ; proposed, Ixi, Ixii, 
 394, 395. 
 
 Bank Annuities, 8. 
 
 Banks, (Captain George ; taken by 
 Marathas, xlix, 330, 331 ; note 
 on, 330 n4. 
 
 Bannatyne, Mrs., iii, iv, Ixvii, 1. 
 
 Bantam, x ?tl. 
 
 Banyan, bani/a, 80, 80 n3. 
 
 Baramahal, The ; Wood's success in, 
 XV, 82 n2 ; promised to Wala- 
 jah, xxi, 184 ; FitzGerald in, 
 166 %1 ; situation of, 184 »1. 
 
 Barclay, Robert ; member of IMadraa 
 Council, 364, 364 nS ; his son, 
 406, 406 n2. 
 
 Barhampore. See Berhampur. 
 
 Barker, 13 rig. -Genera] Sir Robert ; letter 
 from, 112; his career, 112 wl; 
 at Benares, 227, 227 n3 ; leaves 
 India, 232 ; mentioned, xxxi, 
 xlv, 360 ?il. 
 
 Barker, Mr., 110. 
 
 Barnard, Thomas, 374, 374 w2. 
 
 Barnard, William Harry Vane, Vis- 
 count, 407. 
 
 Baroda, Barraud, 1 n3. 
 
 Barr6, Colonel Isaac, 353, 353 nl. 
 
 Barrington, Fitzwilliam, 15, 15 nl, 
 167, 167 n2. 
 
 Barvvell, Richard ; member of Supreme 
 Council, xxxii ; supports Hast- 
 ings, xxxiii ; rumour regarding, 
 207, 207 w4 ; prosecutes the 
 Fowkes, 248 «5 ; mentioned, 
 319, 320. 
 
 Basalat Jang ; rules Guntur, viii, 
 23 «6 ; his French troops, xxxv, 
 xlvii, 252, 252 nl, 258, 258 n4, 
 259 ; besieges Bellary, xxxv ; 
 is routed by Tipu, 259 ; nego- 
 tiates with Rumbold, xlvii ; his 
 agreement about Guntur, 1 ; his 
 death, Ix, 414 ; his settlement 
 with i\Iadhu Rao, 23 ; brother 
 of Nizam Ali, 23 n6 ; tributary 
 to the Nizam, 34 ; British aid 
 for, 264 n5 ; at war with Haidar, 
 270 ; his son at Adoni, 414. 
 
 Basra ; passengers via, xlix, 330 ; 
 voyage to, 5 ; Coote travels via, 
 137 n2, 142, 144, 146, 158; 
 news from, 154, 156. 
 
 Bassein, xxxiv, 273. iV^- 
 
 Basset, Mrs., ix. 
 
 Batavia ; Governor of, 64 ; Cranch at, 
 77. 86 : remittances from, 221 ; 
 
424 
 
 Batavia — cont. 
 
 Dutch troops from, 224 ; men- 
 tioned, 149, 168. 
 
 Bath, Order of the, 158. 
 
 Batta ; withdrawal of, Ivi, 359, 376 ; 
 continuance of, 363. 
 
 Batta, Half ; abolition of, 272, 281 ; 
 still dra-mi at Trichinopoly, 370. 
 
 Bay of Bengal ; survey of, 167. 
 
 Bayelan, M., 35. 
 
 Baylie, Sexton ; receives Palk's goods, 
 liii, 346, 350 ; seizes the effects, 
 liv, 347—349 ; Surveyor of the 
 port of Limerick, 346 ; his 
 conduct, 346—348 ; his bill of 
 costs, 350, 351. 
 
 Bazalet Jing. See Basalat Jang. 
 
 Bazett, C. ; letter from, 129. 
 
 Bazett, Captain Matthew, 129 n2. 
 
 Bazzallyzung. See Basalat Jang. 
 
 Beads, St. Ignatius's. See Beans, St. 
 Ignatius's. 
 
 Bean, Mr., 52. 
 
 Beans, St. Ignatius's, 93, 93 »2. 
 
 Beardmore, Samuel ; cadet, 203, 203 n4, 
 230, 230 n2. 
 
 Beaufoy, Mr. and Mrs., 395. 
 
 Beausset, M., 235. 
 
 Bebbooly, See Bobbili. 
 
 Becher, Richard ; his office, 130 ; ill- 
 ness of, 131, 131 ?i3 ; mentioned, 
 389, 389 712. 
 
 Beck, Captain de, 121, 121 «3, 122. 
 
 Bednur ; taken by Tipu, li, 27 nl ; 
 ravaged by the Marathas, 47 ; 
 note on, 49 n2 ; taken by 
 Haidar, 61 ; mentioned, 89. 
 
 Bednur, Rani of ; her country taken 
 by Haidar, 33 ; a prisoner, 35 ; 
 liberated, 49, 49 n2. 
 
 Beeke, Rev. Henry ; goes to Switzer- 
 land, Ixiii ; suggests a tour, 
 378 ; receipts from, 390 ; at 
 Oxford, 420, 420 nl ; men- 
 tioned, 382. 
 
 Beetle. See Betel. 
 
 Begams of Oudh, li. 
 
 Bellary, xxxv. 
 
 Bellecoinbe, Major-General ; Governor 
 of Pondicherry, xliii, 312; capit- 
 ulates, xlvii, 324, 325, 325 «2 ; 
 succeeds Jean Law, 311 ; a 
 prisoner of war, 325. 
 
 Bellingham, Captain, 98, 98 m1, 115. 
 
 Belvidero, The ; at Haldon, ix ; at 
 Estei-hazy, 400. 
 
 Benares ; ceded to the British, xxxiii, 
 249, 249 nl ; Raja deposed, li ; 
 Treaty of, 227, 227 ?i2 ; troops 
 approach, 238 ; mentioned, 252, 
 379. 
 
 Bencoolen ; Governor of, 96 nl : re- 
 mittances from. 221 ; mentioned 
 17 721,214. 
 
 Benfield, Paul ; liis career, xl, 109 «1 ; 
 soucar to Walajah, xl, 236, 
 236 ?!l ; a ianka-holder, xl, 276, 
 278, 284, 310; supports the 
 Majority, xli, 289 ; liis charges 
 against Pigot, xHii, 284, 291, 
 299 ; his visits to Tanjore, 
 xliii, 280, 294, 304 ; summoned 
 to England, xUv, 326 ; his 
 refractory conduct, 103, 103 n2, 
 109 ; contractor for fortifica- 
 tions, 255, 255 7?5 ; his dubash, 
 278, 283, 303 ; his loans to 
 Walajah, 283 ; his enmity to 
 Pigot, 291, 305 ; mentioned, 
 314, 418. 
 
 Bengal ; survey of, xxiii, 167, 167 nl ; 
 Nawab of, xxv, xxvi, xxvi nl, 
 122 ?!2, 126, 126 «5, 191, 206; 
 combination of officers in, xxviii ; 
 revenue regulations for, xxxi, 
 191, 192, 206, 207, 228, 231, 233, 
 234; affairs of, 110, 165, 170; 
 reform needed in, 117, 120, 179 ; 
 trouble expected in, 126, 156, 
 156 n3 ; terrible famine in, 131, 
 132, 135, 137, 141, 147, 191 ; 
 Coote intends going to, 137, 142, 
 144 ; Hastings proposed as 
 Governor of, 157 ; charges 
 against Councillors of, 170 ; 
 Hastings becomes Governor of, 
 173, 174, 179 ; Naib Diwan of, 
 187 ?d, 206 w3; Hastings's re- 
 forms in, 191, 192, 20(i, 228, 233, 
 238 ; Cartier as Governor of, 
 208 ; floods in, 231 ; rumour 
 regarding, 235 ; Hastings Gover- 
 nor-General in, 240 ; informers 
 in, 248 ; Governmenl credit in, 
 364, 372 ; reduction of salaries 
 in, 376. 
 
 Bengal Atlas, Rcnnell's, xxiii, 167 nl. 
 
 Bengal, Bay of. See Bay of Bengal. 
 
 Bengal Detachment, Peach's ; marches 
 on Hyderabad, xiv, xv, 68, 199 ; 
 defeats Narayan Deo, xxx, 
 68 722 ; returns to Bengal, 200. 
 
 Bengal Detachment, Pearse's ; marches 
 from Midnapur to JMadras, 1, 
 343 71 1 ; in action, lii, 352 nl ; 
 returns to Bengal, Iv, 352, 362. 
 
 Bengal Government. See Council, 
 Bengal. 
 
 Berar, Raja of, xlix, 1. 
 
 Berdmore, I\Ir. See Beardmore. 
 
 Berhampur, Berampoore ; province of, 
 1 «3. 
 
425 
 
 Berhampur, Barhampore, Burham- 
 pore ; cantonment of, 158, 282. 
 Berlin, Ixv, Ixvi, 402, 403, 404. 
 Besan^on, 383. 
 Betcelas. See Textiles. 
 
 Betel, 18, 18 ?^9. 
 
 Betel and Tobacco farm, xxxv, 19 ?(4, 
 57, 234, 235, 310. 
 
 Bethune, Dr. George, 17, 17 n2. 
 
 Bhagavaii Pantulu, 280. 
 
 B/irnig, xxxv, 234, 234 n3. 
 
 Biddannr, Bidnoor. See Bedniir. 
 
 Bihar ; Naib Diwiln of, xxvi, 206 »3 ; 
 famine in, 131 ; Revenue Covm- 
 cil for, 134, 136 ; survey of, 167. 
 
 Bimlipatam, I, 354. 
 
 Binny, Charles, 380, 380 n2. 
 
 Black To^^l, Madras ; defences of, 
 18 no ; source of water near, 
 171 n3 ; Governor's military 
 powers in, 300 ; French prisoners 
 lodged in, 325, 325 v5. 
 
 Blue Goods. See Textiles. 
 
 Board of Commerce. See Board of 
 Trade. 
 
 Board of Control ; orders of, 362 ; con- 
 stitution of, 377 nl ; disappro- 
 bation of, 394 ; justice expected 
 from, 418. 
 
 Board of Police, xix. 
 
 Board of Revenue ; in Madras, Ixii, 
 402, 413 ; in Bengal and Bihar, 
 130, 134, 136, 158, 230. 
 
 Board of Trade, Ixii, 402, 413. 
 
 Bobbili, Bebbooly, 366. 
 
 Boddam, Charles, 245, 245 )i4. 
 
 Boddam, Rawson Hart ; Governor of 
 Bombay, hdii, 195 wl, 368 nl ; 
 at Tellicherry, 195 ; letter from, 
 368 ; mentioned, 281. 
 
 Boehm & Sons, 82. 
 
 Boehm, Edmimd ; agent for Vansit- 
 tart, 127, 127 n2, 128; character 
 of, 189, 189 ?zl ; his dealings in 
 India stock ; 243, 243 no ; men- 
 tioned, 159, 170, 180, 190, 235. 
 
 Boehm, R., 215. 
 
 Boehm family. The, 245. 
 
 Boileau, Jolm, 408. 
 
 Bolts, William, xxvi, 203, 203 nl. 
 
 Bombay ; Governor of, 18 no, 148 n2, 
 282, 282 «3 ; squadron at, 213, 
 263, 266, 273; British envoy 
 at, 266 ; Hughes's work at, 301 ; 
 Raghoba at, 309 ; ship docked 
 at, 314 ; financial situation at, 
 368, 372 ; mentioned, 5, 150. 
 
 Bombay Government. See Council, 
 Bombay. 
 
 Bomorev, 163 n3. 
 
 Bonds, Company's ; discount on, Ivii, 
 lix, Ixi, 364, 372, 381, 393; 
 liquidation of, 238, 387, 393 «2, 
 401, 415. 
 
 Bonjour, Colonel Abraham ; captures 
 Kalaiyarkoil, xxviii ; at Neu- 
 chatel, Ixiv, 396 ; guards the 
 Carnatic passes, 50 ; note on, 
 50 w2 ; suppresses the Kallars, 
 218 ; 218 n6 ; leaves India, 255, 
 255 n8 ; executor for Des Plans, 
 396, 396 h3, 397. 
 
 Bonnevaux, Captain Peter, xlix, 330, 
 330 n2, no, 331. 
 
 Books ; Palk's gift of, 131 ; on Moslem 
 law, 158, 187 ; gift of Persian, 
 159 ; Ironside's Persian, 168 ; 
 Arabic MS., 203. 
 
 Borel, Mrs., 385. 
 
 Borneo, 255 nlO, 257 n2, 259. 
 
 Boscawen, Admiral the Hon. Edward ; 
 his expedition to India, v, xi ; 
 a Lord of the Admiraltj', 6 ; 
 Baker's service with, 171 n3 ; 
 mentioned, vi, xxxv. 
 
 Boscawen, Hon. Mrs. Frances, 63, 63 h 3. 
 
 Boulger, ]\Ir. Demetrius C, Ixvii. 
 
 Boulton, Henry Crabb, Chainnan, 89, 
 89 h2; a Director, 117, 117 «2 ; 
 Hastings addresses, 219, 219 ?;3. 
 
 Bourchier, Charles ; succeeds Palk as 
 Governor, viii, xii, 18 ; luckless 
 administration of, xiii, 43, 95, 
 105, 109, 129; recalls Col. 
 Smith, xiv ; liis opinion of 
 Rayalu Pant, xvii, 108 ; his 
 resignation, xviii, 95, 95 nl, 
 102, 104, 105, 111, 115, 118; 
 liis fortune, xviii, 108 ; Orme's 
 opinion of, xviii ; liis career, 
 18 /i5 ; confers with Walajah, 
 26 ; letters from, 36, 105 ; Ms 
 expected successor, 51 ; his 
 attitude to Calland, 70 ; his 
 difficulties, 71, 71 7i2, 104; is 
 influenced by Call, 78 ; arranges 
 Smerdon's transfer, 85 ; incurs 
 displeasure, 96, 122 ; liis accomit 
 of the treatv with Haidar, 105, 
 106; leaves IncUa, 121, 122; 
 his reception in England, 148, 
 154, 163 ; letter to, 197 ; his 
 silver plate, 198 ; his neglect of 
 Tom Palk, 202 ; a creditor of 
 Johnson, 216 ; his dubash, 296 ; 
 his term of office, 365 ; men- 
 tioned, ix 7il, xvi, XXV, 20, 22, 
 22 ri2, 29, .30 nl, 48, 48 n3, 56, 
 57, 64, 77, 92, 94, 96, 99, 110, 
 134, 149, 159, 184, 185, 199, 
 305. 
 
426 
 
 Bo.urchier, Mrs. (Charles), 38, 108, 139. 
 Bourchier, James ; his attachment, 
 xiii, 29 w6, 37, 37 »2, 38, 50; 
 returns to England, xviii, 121, 
 122 ; envoy to the Marathas, 
 24 ; note on, 24 ?il ; envoy to 
 the Xizam, 42, 47, 49 ; envoy 
 to Haidar, 62 ; letter from, 71 ; 
 applies to Mrs. Morse, 101 ; his 
 remittances, 108, 108 7i3 ; men- 
 tioned, viii 7i2, xii, 29, 91, 93 n2, 
 94. 
 Bourchier, Richard ; Governor of Bom- 
 bay, xviii, 18 ?t5 ; his death, 
 148 ; note on, 148 n2. 
 Bourchier family. The, 168. 
 Bourghaus, Count de, 411. 
 Bowhaj', X nl. 
 
 Boyd, John ; loan by, 127, 127 nS ; 
 mortgage offered to, 243, 243 nl, 
 244 ; mentioned, 64, 64 h4. 
 Bradford, Rev. J., Ixiii ; letter from, 
 
 402. 
 Brathwaite, Colonel John ; reduces 
 Mah6, xlvii ; defeated in Tan- 
 jore ] ; narrow escape of, 176 ; 
 note on, 176 n3. 
 Brazil, 150, 163. 
 
 Brett, Charles, 5, 5 w8, 03, 250. 
 Brett, T., 63. 
 Brett family, The, 302. 
 Brettell, Commander Thomas, 376. 
 Brickenden, Richard, 94. 
 Bridgeman, George, 64, 64 n2. 
 Bridgeman, Sir Henry, 64, 64 n2. 
 Briggs, Dr. Stephen, 73, 73 «3. 
 Bright, Phyllis, 220 «3. See Hopkins. 
 Bristol, Gilbert Ironside, sen.. Bishop 
 
 of, xxvi. 
 Bristol, Gilbert Ironside, jun., Bishop 
 
 of, xxvi. 
 British Museum ; Palk MSS. in, iii, iv, 
 vinn2, ixnl, n'S, xvi «2, xviii, 
 xix, xxvii 11 1 , xxxiv, Ixvii, 52 ??3; 
 Hastings's letters in, iv, iv nl ; 
 Lawrence's Narrative in, x n2 ; 
 letters from Call in, xv ; Bar- 
 ker's diawing in, 112 ?!l. 
 Broach, xxxvi, 250 nl, 280. 
 Broadcloth, Company's. See Textiles. 
 Brohier, Captain John, 22 n4. 
 Bromlicid, Commander Philip, 258. 
 Brooke, Henry ; member of the 
 Majority, xl, 289, 306 ; sus- 
 pended, xli. xliii, 285, 294, 300, 
 306 ; fined, xliv ; leaves India, 
 xlv, 314; letters from, 51, 141, 
 304 ; note on, 51 n2 ; involved 
 in Manila dispute, 51, 52 ; his 
 transfer, 135, 174, 197 ; imparts 
 secret information, 140, 140 /(2 ; 
 
 Brooke. Henry — c^ont. 
 
 his houses, 141 ; opposes Wala- 
 jah, 246. 246 n4 ; charge against, 
 285; leave refused to, 311; 
 verdict against, 315 nl ; men- 
 tioned, xii, 255, 259, 270, 299. 
 
 Brooke, Mrs. Mary, 52. See Allbeary. 
 
 Brooke, Thomas, 304. 
 
 Brown. Captain George, 147, 147 h4. 
 
 Browne, G., letter from, 416. 
 
 Brownrigg, JMajor, 82. 
 
 Bruce, Captain, 110. 
 
 Brunswick, Augusta, Duchess of, Ixvi, 
 405. 
 
 Buchanan, Dr. Duncan, 52, 52 n5. 
 
 Buckunjee ; banking house of. 236, 
 236 n5. 
 
 Bucldand-in-the-Moor, iv. 
 
 Bulman, Dr. Job, 247 n\. 
 
 Bulwansing. See Balwant Singh. 
 
 Burhampore. See Berhampur. 
 
 Burt, Dr. Adam ; attends R. Palk, 
 jun., Iii, 336, 340 ; takes charge 
 of effects, liii, 343, 344; his 
 affidavit, liv, 350 ; prepares 
 medical case, 333 ; letters from. 
 336, 340, 341, 342. 343, 350 : at 
 Limerick, 337 ; his memoran- 
 dum, 338 ; attends the crew, 
 338, 350, 362 ; passage money 
 for, 340, 342, 361 ; is suspicious 
 of the captain, 341 ; his protest, 
 344, 345 ; engages an attornej', 
 346 ; travels to London, 345, 
 347. 
 
 Burton, Mr., 218. 
 
 Bussera, Bussora, Bussorali. See 
 Basra. 
 
 Bussy, Charles Joseph, Marquis de ; 
 defends Cuddalore, li ; upholds 
 Walajah's sovercignt}', Ivi, 356 ; 
 his death, Ivii, 363, 364 ; his 
 troops, 355. 
 
 Butterford, Ixiii. 
 
 Buxar, xlv, 317 n2. 
 
 Buxey. See Bakhshi. 
 
 Cadapanattatn See Kadapanattam. 
 
 Cadets ; Elinor, Ixii, 394 ; arrival of, 
 114. 
 
 Cadiz, Cales, 13, 74. 
 
 Cailiaud, Brig.-General John ; occupies 
 the Circars, viii ; negotiates 
 Treaty of Hyderabad, viii; 
 60 n4, 62 ; Nizam's gift to, ix ; 
 Lawrence's Narrative attri- 
 buted to, X >t2 ; at Hyderabad, 
 
427 
 
 Caillaud, Brig. -General — conl. 
 
 47 ; his expedition to Bengal, 
 66 »1, 98 nl, 365 «2 ; in Eng- 
 land, 85; his career, 102 «1 ; 
 supports Fletcher, 163 »2 ; at 
 Patna, 310 n\ ; letters to, 384, 
 408 ; mentioned, xi, xlv, Ixi, 
 19, 19 «2, 44, 51, 63, 63 nl, 69, 
 102, 158, 228, 230, 318, 319, 
 360 «1. 384 «1. 
 
 Caillaud. Mrs. (Jolin), 102, 384. 
 
 Cairo ; mails via, xxxi, 292, 294, 306. 
 
 Calacoil. See Kalaiyarkoil. 
 
 Calcutta ; becomes seat of the Diwani, 
 XXV, 192 ; capture of, 7, 52 n2 ; 
 lack of money at, 93, 126 ; price 
 of bread at, 135 ; corpses in 
 streets of, 147 ; troops near, 
 188 ; troops for the Coast from, 
 199, 200 ; revenue adminis- 
 tered from, 206, 227, 233; 
 arrival of Councillors and Judges 
 at, 273 ; CUve's expedition to, 
 315 n4 ; petition from, 373, 
 377; mentioned, 113, 124 ?il, 
 130, 131, 159, 202, 208, 214, 
 218, 219, 220, 226, 229, 230. 
 
 Caledon, James Alexander, Earl of, 
 92 ?i6. See Alexander. 
 
 Cales. See Cadiz. 
 
 Calicut ; ship seized at, xlvii, 330, 
 330 n\ ; reduction of, li ; pro- 
 posals regarding, 33. 
 
 Call, James ; note on, 131 n\ ; his 
 private trade, 135, 138 ; a 
 creditor of Walajah, 418 n\ ; 
 mentioned, 131. 
 
 Call, John, sen., 35, 35 ?i3, 41. 113. 
 
 Call, Colonel John ; Chief Engineer 
 and a Councillor, xii, 109 nl, 
 174 /tl ; a Field Deputy, xii, 
 xiv, 71 ; reports on the war, 
 XV, 22—26, 41^3 ; his letters 
 in the British Museum, xv ; 
 retires to England, xvlii, 121, 
 122 ; aids the Xawab's creditors, 
 Ux, 371, 371 nl ; letters from, 
 22, 34, 41 ; his career, 22 «4 ; 
 his proposed treaty, 24, 31 — 34 ; 
 his policy, 25, 31 ; sends home 
 diamonds, 34 ; aids the Gover- 
 nor, 36 ; envoy to the Marathas, 
 43, 48 ; supported by CUve, 59 ; 
 , superseded by Du jfr^, 59 n'i ; 
 his abilities, 71 ; his conduct 
 criticized, 78, 122, 148 ; incurs 
 di.spleasure, 96 ; application to, 
 99 ; prepares to sail, 100, 104, 
 107, 110, 111, 118; his health, 
 103 : expected as Governor, 
 175 ; his insurance premium. 
 
 Call, Colonel John — cant. 
 
 239; mentioned, 94, 115, 119, 
 138, 202, 290, .305, 324. 
 
 Calland, John ; letters from, 55, 69 ; 
 note on, 55 «3 ; his difference 
 with Bourchier, 56, 57 ; com- 
 plaints against, 69 ; leaves 
 India, 93, 96, 96 h4 ; his in- 
 tentions, 107 ; acts for the 
 Xawab's creditors, 121, 121 n2 ; 
 his despair, 129 ; his expected 
 return, 155. 
 
 Cambay, 249. 
 
 Cambridge, Richard Owen ; his Account 
 of the War in India, x, 2. 
 
 Campbell, Alexander, 15, 15 ni, 69, 
 69 »2. 
 
 Campbell, Major-General Allan, 363, 
 363 nl. 
 
 Campbell, Major-GJeneral Sir Archi- 
 bald ; arrives as Governor, Ix, 
 Ixi, 402, 413 ; liis previous 
 service, Ixi, 374 nl ; appointed 
 C.-in-C, Ixi, 414 ; his early 
 measures, Ixii, 402 ; his expected 
 arrival, 374, 386, 392; com- 
 plaint to, 418 ; mentioned, 
 373 nl, 401. 
 
 Campbell, Colonel Charles ; at second 
 siege of Madura, 61 nl, 82 n2 ; 
 note on, 63 n4 ; in England, 
 170, 170 n2 ; hopes to return, 
 240 ; mentioned, 26 n3, 57, 63, 
 70, 70 nl. 
 
 Campbell, Daniel ; Surgeon- General, 
 333, 333 nl, 334. 
 
 Campbell, Colonel Donald ; his com- 
 mand, 26 ; note on, 26 n3 ; 
 instructions to, 26 ; his expedi- 
 tion against the Poligars, 50 ; 
 at first siege of Madura, 61 nl, 
 81 n2 ; loses two children, 79 ; 
 at Kolar, 81 ; prepares to sail, 
 85 ; mentioned, 63 n-l. 
 
 Campbell, Mrs. (Donald), 93, 96, 96 n3. 
 
 Campbell, Lieut. Dugald, 418 n4. 
 
 Campbell, Lt.-Colonel Dugald, 418, 
 418 n4. 
 
 Campbell, Colonel John ; defends 
 ]\Iangalore, Li. 
 
 CamiDbell, Colonel John, 250. 
 
 Canal, Cochrane's, 91 n7. 
 
 Canar}' Lslands, 163. 
 
 Cannijig, Rev. Richard, 76, 184, 184 n3. 
 
 Canoul, Xawab of. See Kumool. 
 
 Canton ; G. Smith at, 7, 7 n4 ; silver 
 for, 53, 73 ; remittance from, 
 170 ; voyage to, 239 ; super- 
 cargoes of, 401. 
 
 Cantonment; at Sheveram or Wala- 
 jahbad, Ixii, 391, 392, 392 nl ; 
 
428 
 
 Cantonment — coni. 
 
 at Cossirabazar or Berhampur, 
 80, 158. 
 
 Cape of Good Hope ; Ozias Humphry 
 at, lix, 369 ; the Aurora leaves, 
 125, 138 ; severe weather off, 
 151 ; H. Vansittart, jmi., at, 163, 
 168 ; the Hawke sent to, 194; 
 Fletcher sails for, 304, 300; 
 mentioned, 22, 50, 51, 74, 357. 
 
 Cape Town, 163. 
 
 Cape Verd Islands, 163. 
 
 Capper, Colonel James ; carries des- 
 patches, xliii, 288, 306 ; note 
 on, 288 ??2. 
 
 Caramnassah River. See Karamnasa. 
 
 Caranjar. See Karanja. 
 
 Carlisle, \^^illiam Nicolson, Bishop of, 
 415, 415 w3. 
 
 Cannichael, Mr., 83, 90. 
 
 Carnac, Brig. -General John ; speaks in 
 Parliament, xxv, 186 ; expected 
 to succeed Hornby, 310; his 
 career, 310 rd ; mentioned, xlv. 
 
 Carnatic battalions, 114. 
 
 Camatic, Nawab of the. See Muham- 
 mad Ali. See Walajah. 
 
 Carnatic, The ; invasions of, xiii, xiv, 
 1, 66 ; devastation in, xiv, xvi, 
 1, Ivii, 95, 103, 105, 359 ; fears 
 of invasion of, xxi, xlix, 31 ; 
 threatened by the Marathas, 
 xxi, xxiii, xxxii, 141, 142, 145, 
 152, 153, 175, 235, 238 ; passes 
 of. See Passes, Carnatic ; des- 
 cription of, 1 n3, 2, 3, 3 «1 ; 
 grant of, 42, 62 ; chant demanded 
 for, xxxii, 42, 237 ; frontier of, 
 63 ; anarchy in, 97 ; British 
 reverses in, 99 ; protection of, 
 129, 182; peace in, 152, 213, 
 256, 270 ; hostilities with the 
 French in, 296 ; sovereignty 
 claimed foi", 356 ; inspection of 
 forts of, 363 ; assignment of, 
 372, 391. 
 
 Caroor (Kfirur) ; Haitlar at, 61 ; taken 
 from I\lysorc, 62 ; seized by 
 R. Smith, 113 nl. 
 
 Carpenter, Ensign J., letter from, I +. 
 
 Carr, :\Iark, 17, 17)i2. 
 
 Carter, Marian, 78, 19 7il, 87, 95. 
 
 Carter, Roger ; sails for England, 9.'}, 
 96 ; Governor of Bencoolcn, 
 96 ?(1 ; mentioned, 94, 107. 
 
 Cartier, John ; Governor of Bengal, 
 xxii, xxv, 45 h3, 113, 113 nl, 
 117 ; in Council, 45, 80, 80 j^9 ; 
 is succeeded by Hastings, 174; 
 his j)rospects, 175 ; leaves India, 
 208 ; treatment of, 208. 
 
 Carty, Mr., 135. 
 
 Carvalho, Elizabeth, 146 nl. 
 
 Casamaijor, James Henry ; appoint- 
 ments of, 386, 413 ; note on, 
 386 n2 ; mentioned, 22, 22 )!3. 
 
 Casamaijor, Xoah, 22 nl, 386 h2. 
 
 Casamaijor, Mrs. Rebecca ; letter from, 
 22 ; note on, 22 nl ; mentioned, 
 267, 267 n2, 386 v2. 
 
 Casavah (Kesava) ; letter from, 154. 
 
 Casemates, 255, 255 ?i3. 
 
 Cash. See Coinage and Currenc3^ 
 
 Cassavaia (Kesavaiya), 94. 
 
 Castro, Daniel de, 394, 394 nl. 
 
 Castro, Moses de, 241, 394 nl. 
 
 Castro, Samuel de, 394 » 1 . 
 
 Castro, De, Pelling & de Fries, 247 nl. 
 
 Catherine II., of Russia, 412 n2. 
 
 Cauvery (Kaveri) River, 184 nl. 
 
 Cawn Sahib, 61. See Muhammad 
 Yusuf. 
 
 Cawsejjatty Rauz, 367. See Gajapati 
 Riiz. 
 
 Ceylon ; navigation round, 124; Dutch 
 troops from, 224 ; Hughes's 
 return from, 312 ; mentioned, 
 54, 168. 
 
 Chabuk, whip, 109, 109 n3. 
 
 C'hacram. See Coinage and Currciicv. 
 
 Chait Singh, li. 
 
 Chambers, Sir Robert, 320. 
 
 Chambers, William ; represents Wala- 
 jah, 258, 258 »3 ; at Tanjoic, 
 280, 280 nl. 
 
 Chamier, John, 418. 
 
 Champion, Brig. -General Alexander, 
 xxxi, 233. 
 
 Chanda Sahib ; supported by the 
 French, xi ; executed, xi, 3 ; 
 his character, 3 ; his son, 61, 
 181 ; note on, 61 ?(4 ; hisfamil3% 
 106 »4. 
 
 C!handcrnagore ; migration to, hiii, 
 376; defences of, 110. 
 
 Changama ; battle of, xiii, 147 ;i4 ; 
 pass of, 1. 
 
 Chapnxan, Colonel Charles ; succeeds 
 Barker, xxxi, 232, 232 n:i ; his 
 gambling losses, 232, 233. 
 
 Charity Choultry. See Choultry. 
 
 Charity School. See School. 
 
 Charity, Temple, 271. 
 
 Charles 111., of Spain. 8, 8 ??7. 
 
 Chatham, William Pitt. Earl of, 30, 
 356. 
 
 Chaubuke. See Chdbuk. 
 
 Cliaul ; port of, xlvi, 317, 317 ?i4. 
 
 Chaut, chout, choute; claimed from 
 the Camatic, xxxii, 42, 237 ; 
 expected from Haidar, 33, 116 ; 
 etymology of, 33 nl ; freedom 
 
429 
 
 Chant, chout — cont. 
 
 from, XXXV, 257. 
 
 Checrecoad (Chakmkodo?), 21, 104. 
 
 Chen Busvaiya, 49 n'2. 
 
 Chepauk ; Xawab's palace at. xlviii, 
 218, 218 h2, 244, 260, 325, 
 325 »1 ; investiture at, 1.32 n2 ; 
 Nawab's conrt at, 239 ; Wala- 
 jah at. 257, 268, 274, 355. 
 
 Clieppermall C'liitty. See Chippenuall 
 Chetti. 
 
 Chey goods. See Textiles. 
 
 Cliicacole Circar ; attacked by Xarayan 
 Deo, XXX, 199 ; oppression in, 
 lix, 365, 366 ; Sitarain Raz in, 
 28 n5, 50 ; let to Renters, 43, 
 48, 50, 65 ; troops in, 65, 115, 
 223, 261, 281; supplies from, 
 66 ; imhealthiness of, 321, 322. 
 
 Chichester, Charles ; of Hall, 415. 
 
 Chichester, 8ir John, 5th Bart., ix. 
 
 Chichester, .Sir John, 6th Bart., 406, 
 416, 419. 
 
 Cliildren, sale of, Ivii, 373. 
 
 Chilnaik, 34. 
 
 Cliina ; export of specie to, 154, 252 
 307 ; voj-age to England via 
 184 ; (t. Smith's interests in 
 217, 218 ; sale of opium in, 221 
 remittances through, 237, 238 
 239 ; war-sliip sent to, 312 
 mentioned, 123, 126, 220, 248. 
 
 Chingleput ; Caillaud's force at, 102 n\ 
 R. Smith at, 113 ?;1 ; district 
 includes the Jaghire, 146 n3 
 Pa}Tna.ster at, 315, 321, 327 
 mentioned, 316, 391. 
 
 Chiimabolaram, 25, 33. 
 
 Chinon, 395. 
 
 Chinsurah ; migration to, Iviii, 376. 
 
 Cliintz. See Textiles. 
 
 Chippermall Chetti ; Company's Mer- 
 chant, 136 ; his affairs, 197 ; 
 ]\Iint Manager, 197 ?; 4 ; with 
 Pigot at Tanjore, 277, 280 ; 
 visits Trichinopoly, 278 ; j\Iac- 
 kay's reception of, 311. 
 
 Chittoor, 336 n3. 
 
 Chittagong, 387. 
 
 Chobddr, 311, 311 h3. 
 
 Chocapah Chitty. See Chokappa 
 Chetti. 
 
 Choiseul, Due de, 171, 171 nl. 
 
 Chokappa Chetti ; a Company's Mer- 
 chant, xii, xxxii, 18 ni, 56, 
 56 m2 ; deprecates export of 
 specie, xxxvtii, 264 ; Ansits 
 Tanjore and Trichinopoly, 
 xxxix, 277, 278, 280 ; commends 
 Macartney, Iv, 355 ; letters 
 from, IS, 41, 136, 1.32, 1.34, 173, 
 
 Chokappa Chetti — cont. 
 
 196, 197, 210, 216, 225, 235, 
 246, 253, 259, 263, 277, 289, 
 292, 303, 310, 324, 325, 355, 
 364, 373, 380, 413 ; mentioned, 
 xxxiv, xl, xli, xliii, xlvii, Ixii. 
 
 Choliappa, 296, 322. 
 
 Chop ; stamp, die, 284, 284 h1 ; Wala- 
 jah's 305. 
 
 Chorley, A., 63. 
 
 Chormandell, Choromandel. See Coro- 
 niandel. 
 
 Choultry, Charity, 21, 104, 154 ; note 
 on, 21 nl. 
 
 Choultry Plain, 285, 285 »2. 
 
 Choultry, Register of the, 78 /;2. 
 
 Chout, choute. See Chaut. 
 
 Christna. See Kistna River. 
 
 Chudleigh, 167 ?(1. 
 
 Chudleigh, Sir George, ix. 
 
 Church of St. Rita, San Thome, 11 »1. 
 
 Churchill, Mr. 93. 
 
 Cicacole. See Chicacole. 
 
 Circars, Northern, The ; acquisition 
 and occupation of, viii, xv, 23 h6, 
 62, 102 nl, 107, 365 ; annual 
 I'ent for, \iii, xiv ; expedition 
 from, xiii, xv, 23, 47, 49, 63, 65 ; 
 threatened by Fazil Beg, xxiii, 
 156 ; administration of xxxvii, 
 43, 120, 133, 367 ; unhealthy 
 liills of, xxxvii, 160 ; claim for 
 abolition of tribute for, xlvii ; 
 Zemindars summoned from, 
 xlviii, 323 ; oppression in, 
 xlviii, 328 ; threatened by 
 Xizara, xlix ; pacification of, 
 48 ; troops in, 64, 99, 261 n2 ; 
 morals of officers in, 65 ; treaty 
 of 1768 regarding, 108, 108 nl ; 
 the French in, 116 n5, 366; 
 question of restoring, 120, 148 ; 
 the Palk brothers in, 136 ; 
 peace in, 165, 194 ; Circuit 
 Committee to visit, 267, 289, 
 414 ; mentioned, v, 28 no, 
 74 n3. 
 
 Circuit Committee. See Committee of 
 Circuit. 
 
 City of Dreadful Night, xvii nl. 
 
 Civil Servants ; resignation and exodus 
 of, Ivui, 376 ; trade restrictions 
 of; 234 ; pay withheld from, 354. 
 
 Clarke, Captain Sir John, R. X. ; carries 
 opium, 255 ; note on, 255 n9 ; 
 carries off Mrs. Draper, 271 n4 ; 
 mentioned, xxx^^i, xxxvii ?;1. 
 
 Clavcring, Lt.-General Sir John ; 
 member of the Supreme Council, 
 xxxii ; his relations with the 
 Madras ^Majority, .\liii, 287 ; 
 
430 
 
 Clavering — cont. 
 
 attempted usurpation by, x]v, 
 xlvi, 319, 319 7il, 320; Iiis 
 death, xlvi, 320, 320 ?i2 ; opposes 
 Hastings, 12 w2, 246, 262, 262 nl, 
 282 ; his faction, 252 ni ; his 
 ilhiess, 312. 
 
 Cleveland, Mr., 398. 
 
 Clevland, Augustus C, 168. 
 
 Clive, Robert, Lord ; quarrels with 
 Fordj^ce, v ; visits England, 
 vi ?il ; obtains grant of Circars, 
 viii ; defeats d'Auteuil, xi ; 
 his defence of Arcot, xii, 246 ?i3 ; 
 vindicates himself, xxv, 185 ; 
 suppresses combination of offi- 
 cers, xx\Tii ; his expedition to 
 Bengal, xlv, 112 »1, 315 ?i4 ; at 
 Gheriah, 5 nd ; favours Wala- 
 jah, 12 ; his relations -with G. 
 Vansittart, 16, 37 ; sails for 
 England, 16, 50 ; writes to Call, 
 30 ; his partes 30 7i2 ; his plans 
 regarding Marathas and Haidar, 
 31, 43, 105 ; sujiports Call, 59 ; 
 breaks wdth H. Vansittart, 89 ; 
 is attended by Dr. Hancock, 
 124 nl ; employs Ironside, 
 124 n2 ; supports Purling, 129 ; 
 charges against, 170, 170 nd, 
 171, 193 ; obtains grant of the 
 Diwani, 187 7*1, 231 ; rents 
 Admiralty House, Madras, 
 223 n2; "reported killed, 232; 
 liis marriage, 396 ??4. 
 
 Clode, Major William, 379, 379 }i2. 
 
 Gloth, Broad. See Textiles. 
 
 Coast, The. See Coromandel. 
 
 Cochrane, Hon. Basil, 91, 91 nl. 
 
 Cochrane, Thomas, Earl of Dundonald, 
 91, 91 nl. 
 
 Cochin, Raja of, 311. 
 
 Coffery, Coffree ; bravery of a, 110; 
 etymology, 110 ??2; company, 
 200. 
 
 Coffin, Mr., 406, 406 nl, 415. 
 
 Coimbatore ; Wood's doings in, xxi, 
 121 ; Fullarton's success in, lii ; 
 in Haidar's hands, 95. 
 
 Coinage and Currenc}^ ; sonnaut, 5, 
 5 h4, 6 : rea, 5, 5 «5 ; fanam, 
 20, 20 nl, 27, 27 ?i2, 236; 
 jiagoda, 20 nl. 27 )i2 ; cash, 27, 
 
 27 «2 ; Star pagoda, 27, 27 «3, 
 
 28 n4, 236, 249, 250; Porto 
 Novo pagoda, 27, 27 «3, 236 ; 
 Old Madras pagoda, 28, 28 n4 ; 
 M.M. pagoda, 28 tA ; gold 
 mohur, 102, 237, 280, 338; 
 Arcot rui>ee, 1 13, 239, 249, 250 ; 
 Spanish dollar, 170 ; Bombay 
 
 Coinage and Currency — cont. 
 
 rupee, 236 ; chacram, 236, 
 236 ?i4 ; Current rupee, 239, 
 362, 387 ; chequin (sequin), 338 ; 
 Sicca rupee, 361 ; debasement 
 of, 372; French livre. 382, 
 382 «2. 
 
 Coja Ashum Cawn. See Khwaja 
 Assam Khan. 
 
 Colar. See Kolar. 
 
 Colebrooke, Sir George ; liis Grenada 
 estates, xxii, 243 ; favours 
 Macleane, xxxix, 189, 189 7^2 ; 
 Deputy Chairman, 89 ; Chair- 
 man, 186 ml ; Palk's relations 
 ■with, 243 ; liis dealings in stock, 
 244 ; mentioned, 186. 
 
 Colefax, Rev. Thomas, vi. 
 
 Coleroon River, 164, 363, 371. 
 
 Coles, Edward, 259. 
 
 Collangoody (Kollangudi), 25. 
 
 Collectors ; replaced by Councils, 231. 
 
 Colleries (Kallars) ; rebel, 194, 218 ; 
 note on, 194 7il. 
 
 ColHns, Captain Edward, 367, 367 h1. 
 
 Comaroo, Comerah, Comroo. See 
 Kumara. 
 
 Combamett, Commamett. See Kham- 
 mamett. 
 
 Commander-in-Cliief, Bengal, xxxi, 
 112 nl. 
 
 Commander-in-Chief, India : Lawrence 
 as, xi ; Coote as, xx, xlv, 133 «1, 
 144 ; Sloper as, lix, 370, 370 ni, 
 .371. 
 
 Commander-in-Chief, Madras ; Smith 
 resigns office of, xx\iii, 196 ; 
 Fletcher becomes, xxviii, 214 ; 
 Smith resumes duties of, xxix, 
 212, 214 ; Stuart as, U ; Lang as, 
 lii ; Dalling as, Ux, 370, 370 ti3 ; 
 Campbell as, Ixi, 414 ; Gover- 
 nor's powers as, 144, 146, 300; 
 Brathwaite as, 176 w3; to in- 
 spect forts, 363. 
 
 Commander-in-Chief, Naval, 132 n2. 
 
 Commerce, Board of. See Board of 
 Trade. 
 
 Commercial career ; premium for entry 
 on a, 402. 
 
 Commissary-General, 189 «2. 
 
 Commissioners, Debt, 308. 
 
 Commissioners, Peace ; negotiate with 
 'lipu, lii, 351, 351 »2 ; return 
 from Mangalore, Iv, 355. 
 
 Commissioners, Reform ; appointed, 
 XX, 120 ; lost in the Aurora, xx ; 
 voyage of, 119 ; desire for 
 arrival of, 121, 124, 129; no 
 news of, 137, 147, 151 : fears 
 for, 143, 158 ; proposal to re- 
 
481 
 
 Commissionors, Reform— co«/. 
 
 place, 167, 171, 191, 192, 193. 
 
 Committee of Accounts, 30.'3, 301. 
 
 Committee of Assigned Re venue, 109 nl 
 
 Committee of Circuit ; appointed, 
 xxxvii, 2(57 : Lathom joins, xli, 
 3(H), 30-4; work of, Ixii, 2G7, 
 209, 289, 3(56. 367, 414 ; Ruasell 
 noiuinated to, 272 ; members 
 of, 299. 
 
 Committee, Revenue, 227. ^ee also 
 Councils, Revenue. 
 
 Committee, Secret, vii, 191. 
 
 Committee, Select, of Bengal, 40. 
 
 Committee, Select, of Madras ; Palk 
 nominated to, vii ; to negotiate 
 with Tipu, ha, 358 ; disputes in 
 the, Ivi, 359 ; to settle terms of 
 debt, 120, 126, 126 nl, 327 ; 
 Stone a member of, 195. 
 
 Comoro Islands, 151 nl. 
 
 Company's Gardens, xli, 286, 289. See 
 also Garden House. 
 
 Comroo. See Kumara. 
 
 Condapillee See Kondapalli. 
 
 (-'ondepa Chitty (Kondappa Chetti),136. 
 
 Confederacy against Haidar, xiii, 32. 
 
 Confederacy of Haidar, Nizam and 
 Marathas, xlix. 
 
 Conicoply, 20, 20 nZ. 
 
 Conjeveram ; Baillie's disaster near, 1 ; 
 raided by Haidar, 57 ; canton- 
 ment near, 391. 
 
 Conoul. See Kurnool. 
 
 Constance, 395. 
 
 Convention of Wargaon, xlvi. 
 
 Cooke, Thomas, 4, 4 nl. 
 
 Cooke, Captain William, 225. 225 nl, 
 236. 
 
 Coote, General Sir Eyre ; C.-in-C. in 
 India, xx, 131, 137, 139, 145; 
 quarrels with Du Pre, xx, 132, 
 132 Hi, 134, 136, 139, 141, 142, 
 
 143, 146, 151, 181, 185 ; refuses 
 to act, XX, 132, 1.34, 144, 146 ; 
 leaves India, 137 n2, 140, 142, 
 
 144, 153, 157, 158 ; speaks in 
 Parhament, xxv, 186, 193 ; 
 reappointed, xlv, 215 ; sent 
 against Haidar, 1 ; his victories, 
 1, 147 n4 ; his illness, 1 ; returns 
 to Bengal, li ; his death at 
 Madras, U, 8 ?i5, 217 n2, 336, 
 336 »i4 ; orders to, 8 ; his 
 cai'eer, 8 n5 ; his powers, 144, 
 157, 193 ; order of the Bath for, 
 158 ; is joined by Pearse, 352 nl; 
 regulations by, 394. 
 
 Copenhagen, 386, 417. 
 
 Corah. See Kora. 
 
 Coral ; importation of, 46, 46 /(3, 59, 77. 
 
 Cordon, 255, 255 n2. 
 
 Cork Harbour, 13. 
 
 Corneille, Daniel, xxxviii ; letter from, 
 274 ; note on, 274 n2. 
 
 Cornish, Admiral Samuel, 8h4, 12, 5bi2. 
 
 Cornwallis, Charles, Earl ; appointed 
 Governor-General, Ixi, 389, 414 ; 
 arrives at Madras, 410, 414 ; 
 assumes office, 414 ; his ad- 
 ministration, 418, 419 ; men- 
 tioned, 413 ; 
 
 Coromandel Coast ; cost of army on, 
 114; good government on, 170, 
 171 ; Dutch desire territory on, 
 224. 
 
 Coroner, 315, 315 n2. 
 
 Corpus Christi festival, 399. 
 
 Cosby, Colonel Sir Henry, 418, 418 /(3. 
 
 Coss, cose ; a measure of distance, 40, 
 40 n4. 
 
 Cossim Ally Cawn. See Kasinz Ali 
 Khan (Mir Kasim). 
 
 Cossimbazar ; the French at, 35 n2 ; 
 R. Palk, junr., at, 80, 175; 
 Hastings at, 190, 191 ; IMiddle- 
 ton as Chief at, 206 ; fihiture 
 near, 387 ; mentioned, 207, 214. 
 
 Cotsford, Edward ; his ship chased, 
 xlvi, 322 ; complains of Rum- 
 bold, xlvni, 323 ; his service, 
 xxix, XXX, 199 ?tl ; letters from, 
 199, 223, 322 ; reports on Gan- 
 jam, 199—201, 223 ; his troops, 
 200 ; visits England, 225, 235, 
 235 nl ; mentioned, 328. 
 
 Cotsford, William, 34, 34 /i3, 35, 38, 
 41, 64. 
 
 Council, Bengal, 71, 226. 
 
 Council, Bombay ; attack Marathas, 
 xxxiv, 249, 251 ; ignore Strat- 
 ton, xliii, 311 ; support Raghoba 
 xlvi, 256, 273 ; denounce Con- 
 vention of Wargaon, xlvi ; re- 
 duction of, Iviii, 368 ; take Sal- 
 sette, 250 ; their action condemn- 
 ed, 252 ; suspend hostilities, 
 253, 2.55 ; conclude peace, 279, 
 301 ; abandon Raghoba, 309 ; 
 Carnac a member of, 310 nl ; 
 ask Madras for troops, 317. 
 
 Council Chamber, Fort St. George, 257. 
 286. 
 
 Council, Madras ; aid Walajah with 
 troops, xxiv, 164 ; dissensions 
 in, xxix, xxxiv, xxxv, xl, Ivii, 
 209, 212, 252, 254, 278, 284, 
 296, 306, 364 ; parties in, xli, 
 xliv, 246, 249, 254, 278, 285; 
 strength of, xliv, 314, 328, 328^3, 
 368, 371, 374; want of ability 
 in, xlix, I, 323, 331 ; unpopular. 
 
482 
 
 Council, Madras — cont. 
 
 Ivi, 358 ; G. Smith's application 
 to, 217 ; suspend Macpherson, 
 264 ; enquire into Sadleir's 
 conduct, 264 ; proceedings of, 
 272 ; Minority in, 278, 292, 294, 
 306 ; Majority assume the 
 Government, 286, 289, 294, 
 295, 30U, 301, 306; Majority 
 arrest Pigot, 300 ; action of 
 INIajority approved, 308. 
 
 Council of Durbar, 206. 
 
 Council, Suj^reme ; constitution of, 
 xxxii, 207 w4, 273 ; Hastings's 
 position in, xxxiii, xliii ; Mac- 
 pherson enters, xxxix, Ivi ; 
 sujiport Madras Majority, xlui, 
 288, 307, 308 ; condemn Pigot's 
 acts, xliii, 276, 288, 291, 293, 
 297, 301, 306; rescind a reso- 
 lution, xlvi, 320 ; their difference 
 Avith Rumbold, xlviii ; difference 
 Mith ]\Iacartney, Iv, 355 ; order 
 revision of a treaty, Ivi, 358 ; 
 aid Bombay and Madras, Ixi, 
 393; dissensions in, 246, 252, 
 254, 260, 262, 319, 320; send 
 an envoy to Poona, 251, 253, 
 253 wl, 280; their orders to 
 Basalat Jang, 252 ; disapprove 
 action of Bombay, 252 ; sanc- 
 tion Walaj all's request, 258 ; 
 Walajah's complaint to, 284 ; 
 their relations with Madras, 
 287, 308 ; make peace with the 
 Marathas, 309 ; tlieir orders to 
 Dr. Burt, 336. 
 
 Councils, Provincial, 231. 
 
 Councils, Revenue, xxiii, 231. 
 
 Courland, Duke and Duchess of, 407. 
 
 Court Martial ; on Colonel Wood, xxi, 
 82 n2, 117, 121, 171 ; on Colonel 
 Stuart, xliv, 317 ; on Captain 
 Orton, 71 ii\ ; on Captain Kelly, 
 114, 115. 
 
 Court, Mayor's ; decision regarding 
 Des Plans, Ixiv, 397 ; will 
 proved in, 68, 86 ; suits against 
 Wood in, 126 ; threat of action 
 in, 211 ; no power to grant 
 writ of Habeas Corpus, 287, 
 295 ; desire further powers, 
 293; Pigot's petition to, 295; 
 suit against Fletcher in, 309 ; 
 authorized to sit, 311. 
 
 Court of Directors ; despatches from, 
 and letters to, iv, 52, 52 ?i3, 79 : 
 receive Palk, viii, 59 ; called 
 the ' Honourable Twenty-four,' 
 72, 72 u2 ; displeasure of, 96 ; 
 Ministry's request to, 143 ; their 
 
 Court of Directors — conl. 
 
 orders regarding Tanjore, 267 ; 
 censure Madras, 267 ; appoint 
 Circuit Committee, 267 ; reduce 
 salaries, 376 ; orders on bond 
 debt, 393, 393 nl, 401 ; their 
 orders about Walajah's debts, 
 418. See East India Company. 
 
 Court of Enquiry, 317. 
 
 Court of Judicature, Supreme ; created, 
 xxxiii ; opinion regarding a 
 verdict, xHv : assuine excessive 
 authority, xlvi, 321 ; arrival of 
 Judges of, 273 ; authorize 
 Quarter Sessions, 311 ; opinion 
 regarding Clavering, 319. 
 
 Court of Proprietors, xlv, 91 ; reject 
 IMinis try's request, 143 ; men- 
 tioned, 170 n3, 316, 
 
 Court of Record, 217. 
 
 Courts, Civil, Criminal and Revenue, 
 206. 
 
 Courts of Justice, 233, 233 n6, nl, «9, 
 nil, 7i,13. 
 
 Cowle ; grant, licence, 18, 18 7ilO, 310. 
 
 Cradock, Florentia, 74 n4. See Wynch 
 riorentia. 
 
 Cranch, Captain Peter ; his deatli, 68, 
 77 ; note on, 68 n3 ; his will, 77, 
 86, 100 ; his estate, 94, 98, 150. 
 
 Cranganore, 311. 
 
 Crarnamah,(^'omr-Hf7//w), written agree- 
 ment, 356, 356 ?;3. 
 
 Crauford, Quintin ; aids WJiiteliill, 
 xliv ; leaves India, 216, 216 n\ ; 
 returns to Madras, 257, 257 7i3, 
 259 ; at MasuUpatam, 270, 
 270 w2, 272. 
 
 Crawford, Mr., 402. 
 
 Creditors of Walaj ah ; total debt to, 
 XV, xxiv, 27, 46 ; rates of 
 interest for, xxv, 39, 146 ; 
 agents in England for, xxv, 121, 
 148 ; Tanjore assignments for 
 certain, xl, 276, 278, 283, 284 ; 
 payments cease to, xlviii, 95, 
 147 ; distress of, lix. 326, 327, 
 381 ; Call's efforts for, lix, 371 ; 
 payments promised for, lix, 
 373 ; assignment to, 27 ; short 
 payments to, 44, 48, 77 ; lend 
 dividends to Government, 90 ; 
 enquiry regarding debts to, 
 96 ; Select Committee nego- 
 tiate wth, 120, 126 ; promises 
 to, 152, 155, 162, 170, 326, 327 ; 
 agreement between Company 
 and, 178, 179 ; Nawab disre- 
 gards agreement with, 179 ; 
 payments made, 380, 393, 401, 
 410, 414, 417 ; classes of, 418. 
 
433 
 
 Crighton, John, 170. 
 
 Croke, Sophia, 74 ni. 
 
 C^o^^^l Prince of Prussia, 1x9, 404, 
 404 Hi, 409. 
 
 Cruttenden. Edward Holden, 15, 15 «1. 
 
 Cuchery. See Cutclierry. 
 
 Cuddalore ; Clive at, v ; Lathoni as 
 Chief at, xli, 292 «2, 304 ; falls 
 to Tipu and the French, I ; 
 attacked by Stuart, li ; held 
 by the Frenoli, Iv, 354, 355 ; 
 restored to the British, Ivii, 
 364 ; Conipanj-'s Merchants at, 
 69, 70 ; the Investment at, 70, 
 221 ; remains British, 95 ; Sad- 
 leir as envoy to, 96 ?!2 ; Daniell 
 at, 208 ; Fletcher reaches, 212 ; 
 JIadge visits, 223 ; Floyer 
 posted to, 386. 
 
 Cuddapah, 23 ; Xawab of, 34 ; Haidar's 
 successes in, 61. 
 
 Cumberland, Duke of, 6, 6 no. 
 
 Cuming, William, 57, 57 nl. 
 
 Cunette, 255, 255 «4. 
 
 Currapah. See Cuddapah. 
 
 Currency ; exhausted in Bengal, 227. 
 See also Coinage and Currency. 
 
 Custoorv (Kasturi) ; letter from, 154. 
 
 Cutcherry, Cucherv, 280, 280 «3. 
 
 Cuthbert, Arthur, 83 «5, 328, 328 h4. 
 
 Dabir, secretary, 276, 276 ?i3. 
 
 Dacca, 45, 206, 215, 245. 
 
 Dacre & Harris, Messrs., 239. 
 
 Dacres, Philip M., 206, 206 nl. 
 
 Dallas, George, 377, 377 ni. 
 
 Dalling, Lt.-General Sir John, ; C.-in- 
 C, Madras, lix, 370, 370 w3 ; 
 returns to England, Ixi, 414 ; 
 member of Council, 371 , 374 ; loss 
 of Ms son, 414 ; mentioned 
 Ixii, 391. 
 
 Dalling, Lieut., 414. 
 
 Dalrymple, Alexander ; member of the 
 Minority, xl, 294, 306; sus- 
 pended by the Majority, xlii, 
 292, 295, 298, 300, 306 ; carries 
 despatches, xliii, 288, 288 nl, 
 306 ; at Sulu, 29 ni ; forms a 
 settlement, 255 nlO ; arrives 
 with Pigot, 257, 259; note on, 
 257 7(2, member of Circuit 
 Committee, 268, 299; at Tan- 
 jore. 276, 276 nl, 277, 280, 283 
 296; supports Pigot, 289, 
 mentioned, xxxviii, 258, 278. 
 
 Dalrymple, John, Lord ; Ambassador 
 
 Dalrymple, John, Lord — cotit. 
 
 at Berlin, Ixv, 403, 403 n2 ; at 
 Cassel, 406. 
 
 Dalton, Captain John, 61 nl. 
 
 D'Arcy, Rol)ert, Earl of Holdernesse, 6. 
 
 Darrell, Lionel ; note on, 80 nl ; G. 
 Vansittart's partner, 93, 112; 
 mentioned, 80, 92, 92 n2. 
 
 Darlington, Henrv Vane, Earl of, 
 292 »1. 
 
 Darvall, Roger, 214, 214 nl. 
 
 Darvall, Mrs., 79. 
 
 Daniell, James ; Chief at Cuddalore, 
 xxix : member of Council, lix, 
 371, 374 ; leaves India, lix, 380, 
 381, 386, 392; letters from, 
 208, 221 ; note on, 208 «4 ; 
 Chief at Masulipatara, 363, 
 363 n3 ; eulogy of, 363, 364 ; 
 accused by Sadleir, 380 ; 
 nominated to succeed as Gover- 
 nor, 386. 
 
 Daniell, Mr., 173. 
 
 Dashwood, Hannah, 73 n2. 
 
 Dasu Reddi, Dessoo Reddy, 41. 
 
 Davidson, Alexander ; provisional 
 Governor, lix, Ix, 371, 373, 374 ; 
 administration of, Ix, 386, 392 ; 
 visits Bengal, 73 ; note on, 
 73 nl ; member of a Comniittee, 
 264, 264 ?i3 ; second in a duel, 
 359 nl ; President, Board of 
 Revenue, 413 ; mentioned, Ixi, 
 Ixii, 391. 
 
 Davidson, John. 46, 46 n2, 50, 50 n5. 
 
 Dawk (dak), 238, 238 n2. 
 
 Dawson, George ; opposes Walajah, 
 246 ; note on, 246 7i3 ; member 
 of Circuit Committee, 268 ; 
 resigns, 279 ; mentioned, 94, 
 135, 255, 259, 270, 278. 
 
 Day, Sir Joim, 317, 317 n3. 
 
 De Beck, Captain. See Beck, Captain 
 de. 
 
 De Castro. See Castro. 
 
 De Morgan. See Morgan. 
 
 De Paiba. See Paiba. 
 
 De Souza. See Souza. 
 
 Deccan, The ; Subahdar of, viii ; 
 capital of, 1 ; provinces of, 1 n3. 
 
 De la Bourdonnais ; capture of Madras 
 by, xxxiv, 17 nl, n 4, 83 nl. 
 
 De la Metric, Quintin, 79 n2. 
 
 Delhi, Delly, Dilly ; threatened by the 
 Abdfili, xvi, 40, 40 n2, 45; 
 occupied by the Marathas, xxiii ; 
 is delivered to the Mogul, xxiii, 
 XX vi, 165, 193 ; the Mogul's son 
 escapes from, Iv ; Sindia's power 
 at, Iviii, 368, 369 ; the Mogul to 
 be restored to, 110 ; threatened 
 
434 
 
 Delhi, De]l3% Dilly— ro«/. 
 
 by Kasim Ali, 156 ; King of, 
 267, See ]\Iogul ; threatened 
 b}' ]Marathas, 237. 
 
 Dent, Captain, R.X., 158. 
 
 Dent, Cotton Bowerbank, 247 n\. 
 
 Des Plans, Henriette, 396. 
 
 Des Plans, Colonel Jean ; his \rill, 
 Ixiv, 396 ; note on, 396 «2. 
 
 Des Plans, Mrs. Maria Victoriana, 396. 
 
 Des Plans, Marie Elizabeth, Ixiv, 396, 
 397. 
 
 Des Plans, Ursule, 396. 
 
 Dessoo Redely (Dasn Reddi), 41. 
 
 DesvcBux, Charles, 174, 174^1. 
 
 De\'ikota ; Renter of, x\di, 97 ; troops 
 sent to, 4 ; Chief at, 113 n\. 
 
 Devon ; proposed History of, Ixiii, 385, 
 420. 
 
 Dewanny, dewaunee. See Diwdni. 
 
 DTries, John. See Fries, John de. 
 
 Diamond Merchants ; association of, 
 73, 76, 90 ; of Guzerat, 76. 
 
 Diamonds ; remittances by, xxxviii, 
 21, 21 n2, 73 ; trade 'in, 21, 91 ; 
 quality of, 38, 90 ; scarcity of, 
 41 ; sales of, 76, 111, 125; 
 export of, 94 ; consignments 
 of, 124, 139. 
 
 Dinajpur, DinageiDore, 113, 134, 272. 
 
 Dinapur ; views of, 238. 
 
 Dindignl, Dingigul ; Fullarton's success 
 in, lii ; restored to Tipu, Iv, 354 ; 
 Walajah's claim on, 25 ; dis- 
 posal of, 33 ; transferred to 
 Mysore, 62. 
 
 Directors of the E. I. Company. See 
 Court of Directors. See East 
 India Company. 
 
 Discount on Company's bonds, Ivii, 
 lix, 381, 387, 393. 
 
 Diseases ; malarial fever, xvii, xxxvii, 
 160, 161, 223, 261 ; phthisis, 
 xliii, 304; apoplexy, 1, 293; 
 epilepsy, lii, 333 — 335 ; small- 
 pox, 17, 75, 79 ; gout, 68, 76 ; 
 pestilence after famine, 135, 
 147 ; liver abscess, 147, 207, 208, 
 211, 215. 
 
 D'lvemois, F. See Ivernois, F. de 
 
 Dlwan, duan ; Walajah's, li : Nizam's, 
 41, 41 h3 ; chief revenue officer, 
 207 n2, 233, 233 nl. 
 
 Diwdni, The ; Calcutta the seat of, 
 XXV, 192 ; assumed by the Com- 
 pany, xxvi, 187 71 1 ; revenues 
 of, 130 ; mode of conducting, 
 192 ; Clive obtains grant of, 231. 
 
 Diwdni Addlat ; civil court, 233, 233 n6. 
 
 Doidge, Henrv, 5, 5 nl, 6, 7. 
 
 DoU, Mr., 418. 
 
 Douglas, William, merchant, 344 ; 
 letters from, 347, 348, 349. 
 
 Douglass, Lieut., R.N., 125. 
 
 Doveton, Commander Richard, 53. 
 
 Dow, Alexander, xxii. 203, 203 »2. 
 
 Do^^^ls, The, 351. 
 
 Dowsett, Robert ; at Cuddalore, 56, ^ 
 57 ; note on, 56 nl ; evades his 
 creditors, 253, 253 >i2 ; returns 
 from France, 254. 
 
 D'Oyly, Sir John.* See Oyly. 
 
 Drake, Dawsonne, 52, 52 nl. 
 
 Draper, Daniel, xxxvii, 271 n4. 
 
 Draper, Mrs. Eliza ; her career, xxxvii ; 
 ■ elopes from Bombay, 255 n9 ; 
 sails for England, 271 ; note on, 
 271 ??4. 
 
 Draper, Brig. -General Sir William ; 
 orders to, 8 ; his career, 8 n4 ; 
 his Manila expedition, 12 7il, 
 51 n2, 112 nl. 
 
 Dresden, 400. 
 
 Drilling, Captain (Captain George 
 Drinnen), 93. 
 
 Droz, Simeon ; buys a filatui-e, Ixi ; 
 his bond, Ixi, 384, 387, 409; 
 note on, 384 n2 ; Chief at 
 Cossimbazar, 408 ; letter from, 
 408; visits Bath, 408. 
 
 Droz, Mrs. (Simeon), 408. 
 
 Duan. See Diwdn. 
 
 Dubash, Governor's, 296. 
 
 Dublin ; Breda Street in, 166 ; T. 
 i\Iaunsell in, 352. 
 
 Duff, Captain Patrick, 229, 229 n4, 
 230. 
 
 Dumont, Mr., 398, 399. 
 
 Dunchideock, ix, x, x wl. 
 
 Diindonald. Thomas Cochrane, Earl of, 
 91, 91 »7. 
 
 Dumiing, John, sen., 245, 245 «1. 
 
 Dunning, John ; introduction to. 135 ; 
 note on, 135 ni ; L. Suli van's 
 mortgage to, 188, 188 nl ; his 
 popularity, 242, 242 nl ; his 
 India stock, 242 ; created Lord 
 Ashburton, 135 «4, 245 «1. 
 
 Duntze (John ?), 405. 
 
 Dupleix, Joseph, Marquis de ; recall 
 of, xi ; imposes forged docu- 
 ments, xxxii, 60. 97 nl ; repudi- 
 ates De la Bourdonnais' terms, 
 17 n4. 
 
 Du Pr6, Alexander, 137. 
 
 Du Pr6, Josias ; a member of Council, 
 xii, 78 ; negotiates with Haidar, 
 xiv, 42 n2, 106 ; his views on 
 the war, xvi, xvi?il, 101 ; his 
 career, xix, 30 «1; succeeds 
 Bourchier, xix, 50, 104, 104 7i2, 
 115, 122; his difficulties, xx. 
 
435 
 
 Du Pn^, Josias— co/(^ 
 
 132, 136, 138, 139, 144, 147; 
 maintains neutrality, xxi, 125, 
 172, 174, 178 ; L. Sulivan hopes 
 to succeed, xxii. xxv, 186 ; 
 much harassed, xxiii, 156 ; 
 refuses to assist tlie Marathas, 
 xxiv, 172 ; returns to England, 
 xxix, 198, 210, 211, 212, 214, 
 218 ; arrives in India, 30, 78 ; his 
 marriage, 30 h 1 ; to supersede 
 Call, 59, 59 h3 ; T. Palk meets 
 75, 75 n2 ; hostile to military 
 authority, 100 ; to be relieved 
 by Hastings, 100, 100 n\, 102 ; 
 letters from, 101, 137, 172, 198 ; 
 his advice regarding Anxerica, 
 102; his abilities, 116, 116 nl, 
 126, 129, 181 ; expects censure, 
 140 ; his orders to Fletcher, 
 163 h2, 208, 209, 214, 215 ; his 
 successor, 171, 175, 207, 210; 
 his Tanjore expedition, 172, 
 175; praise of, 178, 181, 195, 
 196, 214 ; refuses to ask favom-s, 
 184 ; is friendly to Goodlad, 
 194 ; resignation of, 195, 196, 
 198, 210; complaint to, 195; 
 resents Harland's discourtesy, 
 201 ; disputes in his Council, 
 209, 212 ; letter for, 219, 220 ; 
 mentioned, 88, 94, 149, 151, 
 180, 216, 227, 290. 
 
 Du Pr6, ]\Ii-s. Rebecca, 101, 138, 173. 
 See Alexander. 
 
 Du Pont, Captain Francis, 86. 
 
 Durani, Ahmad Shah. See Ahmad 
 Shah Abdali. 
 
 Durbar ; Haidar's, 62 ; etymology of, 
 62 nl ; at Patna, 170 ; Council 
 of, 206 ; at Poona, 369. 
 
 Dutch, The ; receive but relinquish 
 Nagore, xxx, 224 ; their Coast 
 settlements taken, 1 ; receive 
 Trincomalee, Iv, Ivii, 372 ; 
 waning power of, Ivii, 372 ; 
 their claim settled, 237 ; their 
 Malabar settlements, 311 ; their 
 Malay war, 372. .See Holland. 
 
 Dynagepore. See Dinajpur. 
 
 East India Company, The ; L. Suli- 
 
 van's influence in, xiii ; inter- 
 ference by Parliament with, 
 xix, xxv, xxxi, 105, 143, 213, 
 222 ; appoint Commissioners for 
 reform, xx,4l6 ; uphold Wood's 
 acquittal, xxi, 162, 171 ; voting 
 
 East India Company — cont. 
 
 qualification for, xxii, 91 ni ; 
 split votes of a Propi*ietor of, 
 xxii, 91, 91 «4, 127; assume 
 the Diwani, xxvi, 187 nl ; claim 
 opium trade, xxvi, xxvii, 231 ; 
 their orders as to Tanjore, 
 xxxviii, 267, 279 ; decision 
 regarding the revolution, xliv ; 
 bonds of. See Bonds ; financial 
 position of, Ixi, 372, 386, 393, 
 401, 415; the Investment of. 
 See Investment ; Directors of. 
 See Court of Directors ; send 
 out field officers, 85 ; their views 
 on the Mysore war, 89 ; their 
 enquiry into Walajah's debt, 
 96 ; differences among Directors 
 of, 101, 111, 123; Palk pleads 
 with, 105 ; India overmanned 
 by, 123 ; displeasure of, 138, 
 186, 208, 267 ; waning power of, 
 143, 144, 145, 177, 329 ; recep- 
 tion of Bourchier by, 148 ; 
 ignorance of Directors of, 157, 
 202, 203 ; mismanagement by, 
 170, 171 ; Walajah's jealousy of, 
 177 ; responsible for defence of, 
 the Carnatic, 182 ; stock of, See 
 Stock; orders regarding Coote, 
 193 ; orders as to Comicillors, 
 198 ; orders for reforms in 
 Bengal, 206 ; the tribimal of, 
 209 ; revoke an order, 226 ; 
 restrict private trade, 231 ; 
 charter of, 235, 318; forbid 
 acceptance of presents, 247 ; 
 acquire Benares, 249 ; lose 
 Balambangan, 259, 260 ; Iron- 
 side's case referred to, 262, 263 ; 
 appoint Committee of Circuit, 
 267. 
 
 Edington, Colonel James ; arrests Lord 
 Pigot, xli, 289 ; attempts to 
 remove Pigot, xlii, 287, 292; 
 Adjutant-General, 286, 286 n2 ; 
 charge agaiiist, 295 ; verdict 
 against, 295, 315 wl; sum- 
 moned to Madras, 317. 
 
 Editor, Morning Chronicle; letter to, 60. 
 
 Edmondes, Captain Edward, 258, 370, 
 370 «2. 
 
 Egerton, Colonel Charles, xlvi, 310 nl. 
 
 Egmore Fort, 364, 364 nl. 
 
 Egremont, Charles Wvndham, Earl of, 
 9. 
 
 Egypt, xlix, 332. 
 
 Eiderabad. iS'ee Hyderabad. 
 
 " Eliza," Sterne's. See Draper, Mrs. 
 
 Elliot, (Sir) Gilbert, 6. 
 
 Ellis, Dr. James, 226. 
 
436 
 
 Ellore ; Circar of, 48 ; morals of 
 officers at, 65 ; Colonel Tod at, 
 87 ; military headquarters at, 
 98 ; death of T. Palk at, 156 ; 
 Madge at, 160; the Palk 
 brothers moved to, 160 ; troops 
 at, 258. 
 
 Elphinstone, Commander the Hon. 
 William, 202. 
 
 Embassy to Tipu, 351, 351 n2. 
 
 Emperor Joseph II., The ; favoms a 
 Genevan colony, Ixv, 395 ; goes 
 to Luxembourg, Ixv, 398 ; aims 
 at Silesia, Ixv, Ixvi, 405 ; in 
 Transylvania, Ixvi, 409. 
 
 Engineers, creation of corps of, 161. 
 
 England, George, 5. 
 
 English Historical Library, Bishop 
 Nicolson's, 415, 415 ?i3. 
 
 Ennore, Annoar, 272, 272 n2. 
 
 Ensign ; pay of an, 103. 
 
 Erode, 71 n\, 114 ?i5. 
 
 Esterhazy, Prince, Ixv, 400. 
 
 Etaiyapuram, Etavaram ; Poligar of, 
 25. 
 
 Everet, Mr., 112. 
 
 Exchange, Bills of, iii. 
 
 Exchange, Rates of ; for pagodas, Ixi, 
 38, 73, 111, 150, 173, 253, 415, 
 419 ; for rupees, 6, 386, 387 ; 
 for Spanish dollars. 170, 173. 
 
 Exeter, 123, 171 n4, 231 7i\, 375, 388. 
 
 Export Warehousekeeper ; Palk as, 
 viii ; Hastings as, xix, xxxii ; 
 conducts the Investment, 210, 
 
 FabriciUS, Rev. John Philip, 396, 
 
 390 n4, 397. 
 Facey, Lieut. George ; as Ensign, 
 
 169, 169 ?i3; at Tellicherry, 
 
 250, 250 «3. 
 Factories, 8, 9, 29. 
 Fairfield, Richard ; note on, 63 n5 ; 
 
 re])re.sents Walajah's creditors, 
 
 121, 121 n\ ; mentioned, 63. 
 False Bay, 163, 164. 
 Famine in Bengal, xxiii, 131, 132, 135, 
 
 137, 147. 
 Fanam. See Coinage. 
 Fares, Passenger ; to England, Iviii, 
 
 338,351,376. 
 Farm; Arrack and Todd v, 216,310; 
 
 Betel and Tobacco, 234, 235, 
 
 310 ; Villages, 310. 
 Faujdar, fousdar, phousdar, 66, 66 ?(2, 
 
 67, 254, 254 n2. 
 
 Faujddri Addlat. See Courts of Justice. 
 
 Fav, Anthony and Eliza, xl\di?2l, 
 330 nl. 
 
 Faye, M., 375. 
 
 Fazil Beg Khan, xxiii, 156, 156 n2. 
 
 Fergusson, William ; letter from, 7 ; 
 note on, 1 n2 ; death of, 142, 
 142 n2. 
 
 Feslau, 399. 
 
 Field Deputies ; interference of, xiv, 
 xvi 7!l ; in first Mysore war, 
 xlvi, 71. 317 ni ; criticism of, 
 103 ; with Egerton's force, xl\a, 
 310 j;l; Call as one of the, 
 22 7i4 ; Carnac as one of the, 
 310 «1. 
 
 Filature, Ixi, 387, 408, 409. 
 
 Finch, Ensign James, 190, 190 n2. 
 
 Finlan, Sir., 166. 
 
 Fire, damage by, 328, 376, 377. 
 
 FitzGerald, Captain James, 23. 
 
 FitzGerald. Captain Robert Villiers ; 
 killed, 87, 87 nl, 95. 
 
 FitzGerald, Major Thomas ; his ad- 
 vance, 23 ; his march from the 
 Circars, 49, 49 n5 ; sails for 
 England, 153 ; letter from, 166. 
 
 Fitzgerald, Mr., Bengal Artillery, 112. 
 
 Fitzroy, Augustus Henr}', Duke of 
 Grafton, 263 n2. 
 
 Fleming, Lieut. William, 86. 
 
 Fletcher, Colonel Sir Robert ; com- 
 mands IMadras armv, xxviii, 
 163, 196, 207, 213, "214 ; his 
 previous career, xx\nii, 163 7i2 ; 
 quarrels with Du Pre, xxix, 215, 
 217, 221 ; is ordered to Trichi- 
 nopoly, xxix, 209, 212 ; claims 
 to go to England, xxix, 212, 214, 
 216; returns to Madras as 
 C.-in-C, xxxiv., 247, 284, 284 n2; 
 member of the Majority, xl, 285, 
 289, 294, 306 ; placed "hi arrest, 
 xli, 285, 294, 295, 306; plans 
 arrest of Pigot, xli ; his illness, 
 xliii, 286, 295, 304, 309 ; death 
 of, xliii ; vilifies Bonjour, 50 7)2 ; 
 court-martial on, 207, 207 «3 ; 
 Du Prc's measures regarding, 
 208, 209 ; hopes for Palk's aid, 
 209 ; is expected at Tanjore, 
 264, 265 ; corresponds with 
 Claveruig, 287 ; is prosecuted, 
 307, 309 ; sails for the Cape, 
 309; verdict against, 315 7!l; 
 mentioned, xlv, 201. 
 
 Flctclicr, Lady, 247, 304, 307. 
 Flint, Lieut. William (jun.), 1. 
 
 Flint, Major William (sen.), 25, 26, 68. 
 
 Flood, Luke, liv, 353. 
 
 Floyer, Mrs. Catherine, 122, 317. 
 
^3^ 
 
 Floyer, Charles ; member of the 
 Majority, xl, 289, 294, 306; 
 defends his action, xlii ; his 
 surmises, xlii, xliii, 299 ; is 
 fined, xliv ; is rc-emplovod, Ivii, 
 lix, 363, 381, 386, 392; his 
 kindness to the Palks, 113, 328 ; 
 note on, 113 h6; goes to Eng- 
 land, 180, 180?!2, 317; letter 
 from, 298 ; verdict against, 
 315 «1 ; mentioned, 314. 
 
 Fochon, M., 225. See also Foucault. 
 
 Fonseca, Fra. Salvator de, 10. 
 
 Forbes, Admiral the Hon. John, 6. 
 
 Forde, Colonel Francis ; a Commis- 
 sioner, XX, 116, 117 ; note on, 
 116 ?i5. 
 
 Fordyce, Rev. Francis, v. 
 
 Forest, Mrs., 188. 
 
 Fort Marlborough, 17 nl, «4, 214. 
 
 Fort St. David ; R. Palk at, v ; seat 
 of Government at, v ; S. Law- 
 rence at, X ; taken by the 
 French, xii, xxx, 63 n5 ; Deputy 
 Governor of, xxx ; defences of, 
 22 ?z4 ; farmed villages of, 310 ; 
 mentioned, 17 nl, 129, 248 n5. 
 
 Fort St. George, Madras ; restored by 
 the French, v ; the seat of 
 Government, v ; garrison of, x ; 
 Lally's siege of, xix, xxxv, 
 xxxviii, 8 n4, 171 n3 ; Walajah 
 acquires houses in, xxxiv, 247 ; 
 water supply of, xxxv, 171 n3, 
 315 n3 ; Palk's house in, xxxv, 
 208, 208 «1. 251 ; new defences 
 of, xxxv, xl, xlv, 199 nl, 255, 
 314 ??3, 315, 329; the Fort 
 House of, xli, 265 ; Town 
 Major of, 49 n4, 277 n2, 294 ; 
 Barker's drawing of, 112 ?(1 ; T. 
 Palk lives outside, 299; the 
 Fort Square in, 257, 258, 289 ; 
 proclamation in, 286, 289 ; 
 Governor's military powers in, 
 300 ; streets in, 326 n2. See 
 also Madras. 
 
 Fort William, Calcutta ; the seat of 
 Government, 157, 215, 219, 
 227 ; defences of, 1 88 ; men- 
 tioned, 172, 202, 203. 
 
 Fortifications ; of Madras, xxxv, xl, 
 xlv, 18 «5, 174 nl, 255, 315; 
 cost of, xlviii, 329 ; of Fort St. 
 David, 22 »4. 
 
 Foster, Mr. William, Ixvii. 
 
 Foucault, M., 225 n2, 235. See aha 
 Fochon, M. 
 
 Fousdar. See Fav.jdar. 
 
 Fowke, Francis ; is prosecuted, xxxiii : 
 son of Josci)h Fowke, 248 n5 ; 
 
 Fowke, Francis — cont. 
 
 is employed, 252. 
 
 Fowke, Joseph ; accuses Hastings, and 
 is prosecuted, xxxiii ; an in- 
 former, 248 ; note on, 248 n5 ; 
 rumour regarding, 252, 252 n2. 
 
 Fowke, Randall, 248 n5. 
 
 Fox, Henry, 7. 
 
 Foxcroft, George, 298 n2. 
 
 Francis, Philip ; member of the Su- 
 preme Council, xxxii ; appeals to 
 the Judges, xlvi, 319 ; opposes 
 Hastings, 12 n2 ; is vilified by 
 Price, 377 n2 ; mentioned, 320, 
 361 nl. 
 
 Fraser, Captain Robert, 147, 147 n2. 
 
 Frederick William II., of Prussia ; as 
 Crown Prince, Ixv, 404, 404 nl, 
 405 ; as King, Ixvi, 409. 
 
 Frederick the Great ; at Potsdam, Ixv ; 
 his critical condition, Ixv, 403, 
 403 n4, 404; death of, Ixvi, 
 409. 
 
 French prisoners, 325, 325 n5. 
 
 French, The ; restore Fort St. George, 
 V. ; ca^pture Madras, x, 218 n3 ; 
 support Chanda Sahib, xi ; war 
 of 1757 with, xii ; hostility of, 
 XX, 138 ; seize Sadras, xxxiv ; 
 intrigue with the Marathas, 
 xlvi, 317, 321 ; war of 1778 with, 
 xlvi, 322 ; capture Cuddalore, 
 1 ; peace of 1783 with, li ; hold 
 Cuddalore and Trincomalee, Iv, 
 354, 354 n3, 355 ; receive Pondi- 
 cherry, Ivii, 364 ; deliver up 
 Cuddalore, Ivii, 364 ; commer- 
 cial aims of, Ivii, 372 ; troops of, 
 72, 134, 137, 194, 235, 355; 
 their relations with Haidar, 86, 
 102 ; their defences at Pondi- 
 cherry, 93, 110, 3U; Sadleir's 
 mission to, 96 n2 ; defeated by 
 Forde, 116 n5; results of war 
 wdth, 120 ; poverty of, 123, 148, 
 174 ; fears in Bengal of, 126 ; 
 effect of fall of Tanjore on, 
 165 ; lose Mah6, 176 7i3 ; effect 
 of Treaty of Paris on, 181, 
 356 ; no risk of attack by, 
 188 ; their activities, 196, 
 235 ; their system of govern- 
 ment, 225 ; capture a ship, 
 329 ; attack Negapatam, 351 n3 ; 
 receive villages, 356 ; rumour 
 of war with, 383. 
 
 French East India Company, 380. 
 
 Fries, Adrian de, 417, 417 nl. 
 
 Fries, John de ; advocates the Suez 
 route, xxxi, 292, 294 ; his house 
 of agency, xxxiii, 247 nl ; com- 
 
 CC 
 
438 
 
 Fries, John de — cont. 
 
 ments on the Maratha situation, 
 XXXV, 249, 252 ; deprecates 
 export of specie, xxxviii, 252 ; 
 his account of the revolution, 
 xl, xliii, 306, 307 ; approves 
 Madras as the Xawab's domicUe, 
 xlii, 293 ; reports on the 
 Nawab's finances, xhnii, 327 ; 
 his estimate of the Council, 
 xlix, 331 ; his association with 
 Morse, 90, 90 «1, 195; letters 
 from, 225, 236, 248, 251, 260, 
 268, 275, 292, 302, 306, 308, 
 326, 328, 330 ; is agent for Palk, 
 267 ; is aided by An.ir-ul- 
 Umara, 305 ; his wide know- 
 ledge. 332; mentioned, 321. 
 
 Frieschmann, Lt.-Colonel Daniel, 121, 
 121 n4. 
 
 Friez, Countess de, Ixv, 399. 
 
 Friez, Mr., 195. See Fries, John de. 
 
 FuUarton, Colonel William ; his suc- 
 cesses, Hi ; takes Palghat, Iv, 
 351 ; note on, 351 nS ; men- 
 tioned, 106 n5. 
 
 Fuller, Thomas, 415. 
 
 Gajapati Raz, Cawsepatty Rauz, 
 367. 
 
 Galle, Gol, Pomt de, 168. 
 
 Ganges, River ; the Karamnasa a 
 tributary of, 187 n3 • the river 
 Godavari named as, 3, 3 n2. 
 
 Ganjam ; the Resident in, xxix, xxx, 
 78 nl, 199 wl, 201, 225; situa- 
 tion in, xxix, xxx, 199, 200; 
 importance of, 148 ; revenue 
 of, 200, 223; fort at, 200; 
 grain produce of, 223 ; men- 
 tioned, Iv, 191, 191 nl, 362. 
 
 Garden House, The Company's ; 
 Pigot's death at, xliv ; Walajah 
 at, 41 ; situation of, 57, 57 n3, 
 218, 218 n3; Wynch at, 258, 
 265. See Company's Gardens. 
 
 Gardiner, Commander Henry, 203. 
 
 Gardner, Captain, 360. 
 
 Gee, Captain ]\licl>aol ; death of, xv, 
 87, 87 7)2, 95 ; his marriage, 
 79, 79 nl, 87. 
 
 Gegadevy. See Jcgadovi. 
 
 Geils, Major Thomas, 360, 360 nl. 
 
 Geneva, Ixiv, Ixv, 389. 390, 395. 
 
 Genevans ; colony of. Ixv, ?,9'^. 
 
 ilentlemau's Mafj'izine, 406. 
 
 George III, Iving ; i-eceives Palk, 
 viii, 59 ; letter to, 12 ; men- 
 tioned, Ix^i. 
 
 Germany, Tour in, 378. 
 
 Ghauts, Eastern, 184 nl. 
 
 Gheriah ; destruction of, x, 5 w6, 
 52 n2 ; prize money, 5. 
 
 Gibraltar, Ixvi, 412. 
 
 Gibson, Mrs. Elizabeth, 394, 394 7?2. 
 See Pelling, Elizabeth. 
 
 Gibson, Captain Thomas ; his sons, 
 Lxii, 394 ; his marriage, 247 n\ ; 
 note on, 394 n2. 
 
 Gifts from natives ; order regarding, 
 xxxiv, 247. 
 
 Gtngee (Jtnji) ; Raja of, 4 ; journey 
 to, 17 ; intended removal of 
 Pigot to, 289. 
 
 Ginghams. See Textiles. 
 
 Glover, Commander Alphonsus, 7. 
 
 Goa, 10, 61. 252. 
 
 Godavari River ; called Ganges, 3, 
 3w2. 
 
 Goddard, Jane, 17 n4, 83 nl. See 
 Morse, Jane. 
 
 Goddard, Colonel Thomas ; supersedes 
 Leslie, xlvi, 328 n5 ; his ex- 
 pedition to Surat, xlvi, 147 ni, 
 328 n5 ; operates against the 
 Marathas, xlix, 329 ; is re- 
 inforced, 328. 
 
 Godeheu, Charles Robert, 60. 
 
 Godown, 5, 5 nlO, 208. 
 
 Goertz. Count de, Ixvi, 398, 399, 412. 
 
 Gokal Tarvadi, diamond merchant, 
 21, 21 n3, 34, 34 7i2, 35, 73. 
 
 Gol. See Galle. 
 
 Golconda ; situation of, 1 n3, 2 ; 
 King of, lOnl ; Subah of, 89. 
 See also Subah. 
 
 Golden Rock, xi. 
 
 Goynasta, xxxii, 210, 210 n2. 
 
 Gombroon, 5, 5 n2. 
 
 Goo'dlad, Anthony; in Bengal, 163 ; 
 letters from, 172, 208, 215, 
 222 ; mentioned, xxix, xxxi, 
 272, 272 7! 1. 
 
 Goodlad, Richard ; expected appoint- 
 ment of, 123, 123 «3, 155 ; 
 embarkation of, 148, 148 n3, 
 150; illness of, 215 ; atPurnea, 
 222 ; letter from, 272 ; note 
 on, 272 n\ ; mentioned xxix, 
 
 Goodlad, William Martin ; a Secretary 
 to Government, iii, xii ; des- 
 cribes Haidar's ravages, xvi, 
 95; arranges the affairs of 
 Rayalu Pant, xvii, 108, 163 ; 
 comments on the situation, xx, 
 xxi,'^109,^ 125,:T45'; his views 
 on Wood's dismissal, x.xi, 121, 
 
439 
 
 Goodlad, Williani Martin — conl. 
 
 162 ; his opinion as to Tanjore, 
 xxiii, 155, 156, 162 ; his views 
 on the Plenipotentiary, xxiv, 
 186 ; his death, xxix, 209, 210, 
 215 ; his estate, xxix, 211, 212, 
 215, 216, 258, 260, 266, 364, 
 410, 419: letters to, 14, 59, 
 68. 90. 91, 92, 96, HI, 129, 
 148, 149, 154, 157, 169, 170, 
 185 ; note on, 14 «l ; letters 
 from, 39, 52, 77, 94, 109, 119, 
 125, 145, 152, 155, 161, 164, 
 166, 177, 179, 185, 186, 193, 
 196 ; his association with J. 
 Johnson, xxix, 45 ?i7, 211 ; coral 
 consignments for, 46, 46 nS ; 
 supplies copies of documents, 
 52, 52 h3, 79 ; trains T. Palk, 
 81, 91, 135, 202; his sorrow 
 for H. iVIacka}', 82 ; agent for 
 Palk, 96, 111, 195, 196; his 
 aspirations, 110, 166, 186; 
 trains Griffiths, 117 ; his length 
 of service, 165, 194 ; his 
 prospects, 1 95 ; recommended 
 for Comicil, 198 ; illness of, 
 207, 208, 210, 211, 214; 
 appreciation of, 211 ; Palk's 
 friendship for, 222 ; mentioned 
 xviii, 73, 73 n4, 115, 191, 
 272 nl. 
 
 Goodlad, Mrs. ; rates of interest for, 
 39; letter to, 149; bills of 
 exchange on, 179, 180 ; her 
 affliction, 216 ; mentioned,59, 90. 
 
 Goodlad, Miss, 59, 90. 
 
 Goods, English, 231. 
 
 Goordass, Eajah. See Gurdas, Raja. 
 
 Gooty (GCiti) ; besieged by Haidar, 
 XXXV, 270, 270 «4; Chief of, 
 33 /i4, 87 «2. 
 
 Gopal Had Pant, 24, 24 nA. 
 
 Gopal Rao, 136. 
 
 Gordon, Colonel Robert ; occupies 
 Salsette, xxxiv, 250 ; letter 
 from, 250; note on, 250 «1; 
 his difference with Bombay, 
 251 ; mentioned, xxxv, xxxvi. 
 
 Gough, Richard, author and anti- 
 ■ quarian, 415. 
 
 Government bonds. See Bonds, Com- 
 pany's. 
 
 Government House, Madras, 218 ?!3. 
 
 Government of Bengal, ^ladras, &c. 
 Sec Council, Bengal, &c. 
 
 Government, Supreme. See Council, 
 Supreme. 
 
 Governor of Madras ; his military 
 powers, 276, 300 ; need for 
 definition of his powers, 307 ; 
 dinner party of, 328. 
 
 Grafton, Augustus H. Fitzroy, Duke 
 of, 263 w2. 
 
 Graham, John ; at Mursliidabad, 130 ; 
 tours with Hastings, 206, 
 206 nl ; at Marseilles, 292. 
 
 Graham, Phoebe, 73. 
 
 Grain ; prohibition of export of, 
 226, 231. 
 
 Granary, Company's, 325 7i5. 
 
 Grand Cairo ; mails via, 292, 294, 306. 
 See Cairo. 
 
 Grant, John. 338. 
 
 Grant, Major, 230. 
 
 Grattan, Major John, 359 nl. 
 
 Gray, George ; envoy to Haidar, xlvii, 
 330, 3.30 ?i3. 
 
 Greenwich. Vansittart's house at, 102. 
 
 Gregorie, Commander Charles, 411. 
 
 Grenada estate, 243. 
 
 Grenville, General, 407. 
 
 Griffith, Mr., 281. 
 
 Griffiths, Rev. Charles ; death of, 72, 
 76, 78, 104 ; notes on, 72 n3, 
 76 /;1 ; his sons, 234 nl ; 
 mentioned, 117 m1, 184, 
 
 Griffiths, Frederick ; letters from, 234, 
 246 ; note on, 234 nl. 
 
 Griffiths, Henry; is commended, 117, 
 117 nl, 12.5, 140 , 184 ; Hast- 
 ings's interest in, 203, 204, 226 ; 
 letters from, 204, 226 ; intro- 
 duces his brother, 234, 234 n2 ; 
 mentioned, 246. 
 
 Griffiths, William! U (Frederick Wil- 
 liam ?), 184, 226, 234 nl. 
 
 Griffiths, Mrs., 76. 
 
 Gruff goods, 7n3, 8, 8nl. 
 
 Gruffees, 7, 7 n3. 
 
 Guelder, Province of, 412. 
 
 Gumpertz t Hymans, Messrs. 111. 
 
 Guntur Circar ; ruled by Basalat 
 Jang, viii, 23 n6 ; transferred 
 to the Company, xlvii ; rented 
 by Walajah, xlvii, xlviii, 327 ; 
 to be restored to Basalat, 1 ; 
 Floyer at, 113 n6; expedition 
 to, 264 «5 ; mentioned 248 n'i. 
 
 Gurdas, Raja, 206. 
 
 Gurrington, 245 n2, 357 n2. 
 
 Gustavus Adolphus, of Sweden, 399. 
 
 Gutty. See Gooty. 
 
 Guzerat ; diamond merchants of, 76 ; 
 expedition to 147 /(4. 
 
 Gwalior ; capture of, xlix, 1. 
 
 '" Probably identical with Frederick Griffiths, mentioned above. 
 
440 
 
 Habeas Corpus ; writs of, 287, 293, 
 295. 
 
 Haidar Ali ; causes of first war with, 
 viii,' 61 ; mission of Andrews 
 to, ix, 78 «1; confederacy 
 against, xiii, 22, 32, 41, 47 ; 
 progress of first war witli, 
 xiv, 23 3il, 49, 74, 77, 81, 87, 
 88, 90, 93, 94, 95, 105, 199; 
 ravages the Carnatic, xiv, xvi, 
 94, 95, 97 ; signs treaty at the 
 Mount, xiv, xvi, 30 nl, 42 «2, 
 99, 104, 106 ; his relations with 
 Walajah, xiv, xlvii, 145, 183, 
 184, 256 ; his hostility to the 
 British, xx, 138 ; is attacked 
 by the Marathas, xxi, 61 ; 
 question of British aid for, xxi, 
 120, 142, 162, 178, 181, 183; 
 reduces Malabar, xxxii, 61 ; 
 attacks Basalat Jang, xxxv, 
 259, 264 « 5, 270; captures 
 Morari Rao, xxxv, 270, 311 ; 
 his overtures repelled, xlvii ; 
 seizes British passengers, xlvii, 
 329, 330, 330 nl ; attitude of, 
 xxxvi, xlviii ; Gray's mission 
 to, xlvii, 330 ; Rumbold 
 quarrels with, xlviii ; joins a 
 confederacy, xlix ; second war 
 with, I, 96 7i2, 310 n2 ; 
 devastates the Carnatic, 1 ; 
 annihilates Baillie's force, 1, 
 317 n2 ; Coote's operations 
 against, 1, 8 n5, 352 nl ; his 
 relations with the French, li, 
 102; his death, li, lii, 336, 
 336 n3 ; popularity of, Ix, 393 ; 
 at Seringapatam, 24, 47, 49, 
 153 ; British policy towards, 
 26, 125, 137, 142, 145, 178, 181, 
 183 ; Call's i)lan of operations 
 against, 31 ; raids Madras, 57, 
 57 7/4; his intrigues, 61 ; courts 
 the Nizam, 62 ; is tributary to 
 the Nizam, 63 ; retreats, 69 ; 
 sportively called The Hydra, 
 Hvdro, Hydro Naigue, 71, 83, 
 83 «8, 89, 93, 102, 135; his 
 downfall expected, 72 ; attacks 
 at Mulhagal, 88, 89 ; Directors 
 (lisaj)[)rove of war with, 89 ; 
 Palk's comments on first war 
 with, 96 ; victorious in iirst 
 war, Idl ; his mother, 106 ?^4 ; 
 Nizam settles with. Ill; 
 captures Erode, 114 n5 : Hast- 
 
 Haidar Ah — conf. 
 
 ings's comments on, 116 ; his 
 war with the Marathas, 116, 
 119, 120, 125, 132, 134, 136, 
 152, 155, 165, 174, 175, 178, 
 194, 196, 213; pursuit of, 
 166 nl ; makes peace with the 
 Marathas, 194, 196 ; his aims 
 against Travancore, 196, 252, 
 311 ; negotiates with Raghoba, 
 235, 237, 252 ; his attitude to 
 the Marathas, 280, 311 ; be- 
 sieges Vellore, 365 n2 ; his 
 conquests, 393 ; his son Tipu, 
 414. 
 
 Haidarnagar, 49 n2. 
 
 Haldon ; purchased by Palk, ix, 135, 
 135 n2 ; former owners of, ix ; 
 improvements at, ix, 385, 404 ; 
 conference at, ix, 189 «2 ; T. 
 Palk, jun. arrives at, Ixii, 372 ; 
 Palk at, 149, 193, 375, 378, 
 381; mentioned, 169, 231, 
 243, 244, 254, 260, 261. 
 
 Haliburton, David, 413, 413 n4. 
 
 Hall, Commander Richard, 245, 245 no. 
 
 Hall, Commander Sober ; aids Burt, 
 liv, 343, 345, 347, 351 ; letters 
 from, 344, 348, 350 ; mentioned, 
 346. 
 
 Hamilton, William, 413, 413 n6. 
 
 Hammick, Sir Murray, Ixvii. 
 
 Hancock, Mrs. Philadelphia, 124, 139. 
 See Austen. 
 
 Hancock, Dr. Tyso Saul, 124, 124 nl, 
 130, 130Ji.3. 
 
 Hanover, City of, 6. 
 
 Harland, Admiral Sir Robert ; arrives 
 as Naval C.-in-C. and Pleni 
 potentiary, xxiv, 159, 181 
 threatens the Council, xxiv, 182 
 note on, 154 7? 1; his powers, 
 165, 181, 185; reinforcement 
 for, 171 ; his attitude to Du 
 Pr6, 178, 179, 181, 194, 201 
 his intimacy with Walajah, 182 
 supports Walaj all's claims, 224 
 mentioned, xxxvi. 
 
 Harper, Colonel Humphrey ; occupies 
 Tanjore fort, xxxix, 269 ; 
 marches on Adoni, xlvii ; 
 ordered to Tanjore, 264 ; note 
 on, 264 n5 ; with Pigot at 
 Tanjore, 280, 280 n2. 
 
 Harris, Sir James, \xvi, 412, 412 h1. 
 
 Harrison, John, 15, 15 «1. 
 
 Hart, Colonel Simon ; his expedition 
 from the Circars, xiii, xv, 66 ; 
 note on, 66 nl ; his retirement 
 expected, 85 ; is sui)ersc'cled , 87 ; 
 is expected at Kllore, 115. 
 
441 
 
 Hastenbeck, 6 n5. 
 
 Hastings, \\'anen ; his agents in Eng- 
 land, ivjil,_xxxix, 189 rt2; his 
 correspondence, iv, iv ?il ; his 
 provisional resignation, x, xlv, 
 189 h2, 252 v3 ; his early service, 
 xix, 116 n6 ; his service at 
 Madras, xix, 100, 100 7il, 102, 
 104, 10-1 h2, 107, 117, 132, 156, 
 173 ; Governor of Bengal, xix, 
 XXV, 157, 174, 179, 187 ; his 
 view of the situation, xx, 116, 
 140 ; expects invasion of the 
 Carnatic, xxi, 116; his opinion 
 as to Wood, xxi, 117 ; is over- 
 worked, xxiv, 156 ; liis reforms 
 in Bengal, xxv, xxvi, 112 7il, 
 191, 192, 206, 207, 231, 238 ; 
 his guiding principles, xxvi, 
 192; relations with the Xawab 
 Vizier, xxxi, 222, 228, 238; 
 reforms the plan of Livest- 
 ment, xxxii, 210 n2 ; becomes 
 Governor-General, xxxii ; his 
 Council, xxxii, 12 h2, 240, 246, 
 254, 262, 273, 282; charges 
 against, xxxiii, 248 n5 ; secures 
 a majority, xliii, 309, 312 ; 
 consults the Judges, xlvi, 319, 
 319 nl, n2, 320 ; sends a force 
 across India, xlvi ; opposes 
 Rimibold, xlvii ; liis able 
 diplomacy, 1 ; liis differences 
 with Macartney, li ; deposes 
 the Raja of Benares, li ; his 
 treaty with Sindia, li ; his 
 settlement of Oudh, Iv ; meets 
 the Mogul's son, Iv, 354 ; his 
 consideration for the natives, 
 haii, 357 ; his departure, Ixviii, 
 lix, 263 h2, 361, 362, 368, 369 ; 
 his Calcutta bank, Ixi, 394 nS ; 
 admits Minor Cadets, Ixii, 394 ; 
 letters from, 116, 123, 125, 139, 
 140, 191, 202, 219, 227 ; com- 
 ments on the peace with Haidar, 
 116; liis kindness to the 
 Griffiths brothers, 117, 140, 
 226, 234 ; consigns diamonds, 
 124, 125 ; his relations with 
 Palk, 129, 138, 139 ; praise of, 
 138, 179, 203, 204, 222, 358; 
 Walajah's sentiments towards, 
 140; sails for Bengal, 173, 179; 
 his kindness to H. Vansittart, 
 jim., 180, 190; his considera- 
 tion for R. Palk, jun., 187, 226 ; 
 corresponds with L. Sulivan, 
 191, 20S ; negotiates Treaty of 
 Benares, 227, 227 n2 ; supports 
 Walajah, 305 ; on tour, 354, 
 
 Hastings, Warren — cont. 
 
 358, 361, 362 ; petition to, 367 ; 
 
 characterizes Macpherson and 
 
 Stables, 379 ; his return to 
 
 India desired, 383 ; mentioned, 
 
 xiii, xxii, 115, 154, 196, 216, 
 
 230, 292, 297, 310, 320, 332 nl. 
 Hatley, James, 368. 
 Hats,'^231, 254. 
 
 Hawke, Admiral Edward, 7, 7 nl. 
 Hay, George, 6. 
 Hay, James ; at Trichiuopoly, 176, 
 
 176 n2, 283 ; goes to England, 
 
 235 ; note on, 23a n2 ; his 
 
 dubash, 278, 278 nl. • 
 Headborough, iv, \'iii. 
 Heard, Sir Isaac ; Garter King of 
 
 Arms, Ixvi, 407 ?il ; mentioned, 
 
 407, 408, 411. 
 Helling, ^Ir. ; arrives at Madras, 68 ; 
 
 is recommended, 69 ; delivers 
 
 seeds, 90 ; obtains a ship, 94 ; 
 
 Goodlad's attention to. 111. 
 Henlev, Sir Robert, 6. 
 Herbert, John, 259, 259 «2. 
 Heron, Commander George, 19 nl. 
 Herries, Sir R., & Co., 408. 
 Heskett (Hesketh ?) Mr., 415. 
 Hesse ; Prince of, 6 ; Landgrave of, 
 
 406. 
 Hessman, Mrs., 317. 
 Hever Allv, 77. See Haidar Ali. 
 Hifili, Ingerlee, 122. 
 Hill, i\Ii-., 220. 
 Hinchman, Thomas, 338. 
 Hircarrah (hurkdra), messenger, spy, 
 
 123, 123 7il. 
 Hodges, James ; letter from, 248 ; 
 
 note on, 248 n I ; at Masuli- 
 
 patam, 393, 393 nl. 
 Holdernesse, Robert D'Arcy, Earl of, 6. 
 Holkar, xlix, Ix. 
 Holland ; war with, 1 ; prosperity of, 
 
 Ixvi ; tour in, 412 ; See also 
 
 Dutch, The. 
 Holies, Thomas Pelham, Duke of 
 
 ^Newcastle, 7. 
 Hollond, Edward John, 413, 413 n5, 
 
 418. 
 Hollond, John ; envoy to the Nizam, 
 
 xlvii, xlviii ; will succeed Morse, 
 103 ; his marriage, 122 ; notes 
 
 on, 122 nl, 373 nl ; on special 
 
 duty, 264, 264 n3 ; expected 
 
 as Governor, 370, 370 n4, 373 ; 
 
 mentioned, 413 n5. 
 Hollond, William, 92, 92 n3, 93, 112. 
 Holwell, Elizabeth, 252 n4. 
 Holwell, John Zephaniah, 252 n4. 
 Honavar, Onor, li, 33, 33 n3, 96. 
 Hooker's Survey, 406. 
 
442 
 
 Hopkins, Amelia, 113 nl. See Smith, 
 
 Mrs. Amelia. 
 Hopkins, Charles, 113 nl, 220 7t3. 
 Hopkins, llrs. PhyUis, 220, 220 /i3. 
 
 See Bright. 
 Hopkias, Sarah, 83 )i5. 
 Horace ; quotation from, 230. 
 Hornby, William, 282, 282 h3. 
 Home, Major ]\latthew ; has custody 
 
 of Lord Pigot, xl, xlii, 286. 287, 
 
 289, 292, 295, 300, 306; as 
 Brig. -Gen. at Arcot sells arrack, 
 Ivi, 362, 363 ; commands 
 Artillery, 286, 300, 306 ; verdict 
 against, 315 h1 ; ordered to 
 Madras, 317. 
 
 Home, R., 63. 
 
 Hosur, 166 «1. 
 
 Hough, Commander, 5. 
 
 Hough, Commander Samuel, 190, 
 190 Hi. 
 
 Hough & Spencer, Messrs., 5, 6. 
 
 House of Agency, Morse's, xii, xxxtii, 
 44, 88, 90'h1, 103, 119. 
 
 House of Commons ; speeches in, xxv, 
 186, 193 ; petition to, 377. 
 
 Howfe, Commander Thomas, 44. 
 
 Huckenbar, 3. See Alcbar. 
 
 Hudleston, John, lii, 355, 355 h1. 
 
 Hughes, Admiral Sir Edward ; escorts 
 Councillors, xxxiii, 273 ; com- 
 mands the squadron, xxxvi, 
 330 ; comments on tlie Puran- 
 dhar Treaty, xxx\a, 273 ; sym- 
 pathizes with Walajah, xxxviii, 
 xxxix, 273 ; ^\'alajah claims 
 protection of, xl, 276 ; confers 
 with Majority about Pigot, xlii, 
 
 290, 302 ; his opinion as to 
 Tanjore, xlii, 302 ; his relief 
 by Vernon, xlvi, 302 ; relieves 
 Vernon, xlviii, 330 ; is com- 
 mended, xlix, 333 ; takes 
 Trincoinalee, 1, 330 ?i5 ; engages 
 Suffren, 1, hi, 336 <U; liis flag- 
 ship, 254 nl ; sails for the 
 Malabar coast, 255, 258, 266, 
 354, 359 ; discipline of liis 
 cadets, 256 ; letters from, 263, 
 273, 301, 312; communicates 
 with Walajah, 275 ; commends 
 Wclland, 263, 263 » I, 273, 
 273 ?(1, 301; his conduct 
 criticized, 294 ; liis duties at 
 Bombay, 301 ; his correspond- 
 ence with Palk, 305 ; returns 
 from Ceylon, 312 ; liis civility 
 to S. Sulivan, 331 ; mentioned, 
 xliii, 288, 296, 297. 
 
 Hughes, Lady, 302. 
 
 Humberstone, Colonel Mackenzie, li. 
 
 Humphry, Ozias ; pamter, lix ; letter 
 from, 369 ; note,on, 369 h2. 
 
 Hungarj' ; excursion into, 399. 
 
 Himgerford, 168. 
 
 Hunter, Thomas Orbv, 6. 
 
 Hussain Ali, 201. 
 
 Hyde, John, 320. 
 
 H^'derabad ; threatened from the 
 Circars, xiv, 87 ; Hollond as 
 Resident at, xhdi. 122 ?il ; 
 Colonel Smith at, 23 ; Caillaud 
 at, 47 ; ^Mahfuz Khan deputed 
 to, 62 ; Treaty of, See Treaties ; 
 Nizam's weakness at, 67 ; re- 
 ported embassy to, 88 ; Ragho- 
 ba threatens, 235 ; Nizam 
 retreats to, 401. 
 
 Hydra, The, Hydro, Hydro Xaigue ; 
 sportive for Haidar Ali, q.v. 
 
 Hydrographer, 257 n2. 
 
 Ichchapur, Itchapour, lilil, 200. 
 
 Ideford, 402. 
 
 Ilheos, Rio dos, 163. 
 
 Illahabad, llliabad. See Allahabad. 
 
 Ilsington, v. 
 
 Impe3% Sir Elijah, xxxiii, xliv, 320. 
 
 India ; intervention of the Home 
 Government in, xix, xx, 143 ; 
 laws for, xxvi, 203. 
 
 India Act ; protest against, Iviii, 373, 
 373 n2, 377, 377 «1 ; disregard 
 of, 394 ; repeal of part of, 410 ; 
 mentioned, 388. 
 
 India Bill, Pitt's, Ivii, 362. 
 
 India House, The ; differences at. 111 ; 
 lack of wisdom at, 169 ; men- 
 tioned, 84. See East India 
 Company. 
 
 India Stock. See Stock. 
 
 Ingeram, 96 n2. 
 
 Ingerlce. See Hijili. 
 
 Inoculation, 79. 
 
 Inquest, xliv. 
 
 In([uisition, The, xxxv, 256. 
 
 Insurance; of country vessels, 221, 
 341 ; rates of, 221 ; cost of 
 Palk's, 237 ; premiums, 239. 
 
 Interest, Rates of, xxv, 27, 39, 146. 
 
 Interpreter, Company's, 97 ?il. 
 
 Invalid List, 167. 
 
 (i> Vide p. 459, not© 1, and p. 472, note 1. 
 
443 
 
 Investment, The Company's ; nature 
 of, xii, 18 n4 ; system recast, 
 xix, xxxii, 210 ; lack of funds 
 for, lix, 381 ; at Madras, 19, 
 41, 136, 152 ; At Vizagapatam, 
 29, 36, 46, 50; at Cuddalore, 
 55, 70, 221 ; for the Circars, 
 165 ; trade forbidden in articles 
 of, 234 ; mentioned, 126. 
 Ipplepcn, V. 
 
 Ironside, lildward, 124 )i2. 
 Ironside, Mrs. Elizabeth, 346. 
 ironside, Gilbert, sen., Bishop of 
 Bristol, xxvi, 124 n2. 
 
 Ironside, Gilbert, jun.. Bishop of 
 Bristol, xxvi, 124 w2. 
 
 Ironside, Colonel Gilbert ; procures 
 native law-books, xxvi, 158, 
 187, 203 ; charges against, 
 xxxiii, 262 ; reports Clavering's 
 usurjiation, xlv, 319, 320 ; re- 
 mits by diamonds, 124 ; note 
 on, 124 w2 ; fears supersession, 
 130, 130 h4 ; letters from, 157, 
 187, 203, 230, 262, 318; his 
 merits, 169 ; his prospects, 
 187, 230 ; mentioned, xiii. 
 
 Ironside, Mrs. Letitia ; arrives in 
 India, xxvi, 230 ; diamonds 
 for, 124, 139; is related to 
 General Lawrence, 124 ; Palk's 
 civility to, 157, 187 ; is charged 
 with oriental MSS., 158 ; letter 
 from, 168 ; her brother, 262 ; 
 mentioned, 346 nl. 
 
 Irsappa Chetti, Irshapah Chitty ; 
 Company's Merchant, 56, 70 ; 
 accompanies Pigot, 277, 280 ; 
 visits Trichuiopoly, 278. 
 
 Irsvin, Eyles, 372, 372 nl. 
 
 Island, The, at Madras, 286, 289. 
 
 Islands, The ; French troops at, 72, 
 171, 194 ; note on, 72 nl ; 
 warlike preparations at, 126. 
 
 Isle of Boiu-bon (Reunion), 72 nl. 
 
 Isle of France (Mauritius), 72 nl. See 
 Mauritius. 
 
 Itchapour. iS'ee Ichchapur. 
 
 Ivernois, Francois de ; tours with L. 
 Palk, Ixiii ; advises departure 
 from Switzerland, Ixiv, 378, 385 ; 
 letters from, 378, 382, 384, 390, 
 397, 399, 405, 406 ; his financial 
 statements, 382, 390, 391 ; at 
 Constance, 395 ; at Vienna, 397 ; 
 at Brunswick, 405 ; at Pyrmont, 
 406 ; mentioned, Ixv, Ixvi, Ixvii, 
 389, 409, 412. 
 
 Ives, Dr. Edward, 6, 6 n2. 
 
 Ives, Edward Otto ; civil servant, 233. 
 
 Jackson, Commander Joseph, 83. 
 
 Jackson, William ; letter from, 135 ; 
 note on, 136 nS ; special duty 
 of, 363 ; goes to China, 413. 
 
 Jafar Ali Khan, JafHer Ali Cawn (Mir 
 Jafar), 126 n5, 191, 206. 
 
 Jaiiiabandi, zuinmabundy, 133, 133 n2. 
 
 James, (Sir) William ; Commodore 
 of the Bombay Marine, 5, 6. 
 
 James, Robert ; letter from, 13. 
 
 Jamseylon, Junkseylon, 10, 10 n2. See 
 Ujung Salang. 
 
 Jangama Chetti, 152, 197. 
 
 Jagat Chand, 206. 
 
 Jaghire, jaguire, ja</iV, The Comjjany's ; 
 insiDcction of, xxxvii, 267, 
 267 no ; rented by Walajah, 
 xlviii, xlviii nl, 325 ; money 
 lent in, 146 ; note on, 146 n3 ; 
 survey of, 374 ?i2 ; new can- 
 tonment in, 391 ; mentioned, 
 214, nl. 
 
 Jdcjir ; Hussain All's, 201 ; proposed, 
 269; Raghoba's, 282. 
 
 Jdgirddr, jaggeredar, 369. 
 
 Jagu Pandit, Jaggoo, Jague, Juggoo, 
 65, 367. 
 
 Jambukistna Temple, 278. 
 
 Jamidar. See Zemindar. 
 
 Janogi, Jonadee ; Chief of Xagpore, 
 92, 93, 93 nl. 
 
 Jats, Jauts, The ; at war with the 
 Marathas, xxvi, 192 ; yield 
 Agra, xxxi, 238 ; at war with 
 Oudh, 237, 237 n^. 
 
 Jegadevi, Pass of, 34, 44, 44 nl. 
 
 Jelmur, Jillmore, 68 n2, 191, 191 nl. 
 
 Jeypur ; taken by Mathews, 261 n2. 
 
 JUlmore. See Jelmur. 
 
 Johanna, Island of, 151, 151 nl. 
 
 Johnson, James ; Goodlad's partner, 
 xxix, 211 ; in Walajah's service, 
 xxix, 211, 244; letter from, 
 45 : note on, 45 n7 ; aids 
 Helling, 90, 94 ; his debts, 211, 
 212, 216, 222 ; insolvency of, 
 266 ; mentioned, 59, 59 n\. 
 
 Johnson, Commander John, 89. 
 
 Johnson, (Pvalph ?), 164. 
 
 Johnson, yamuel ; supports Walajah, 
 xxxiv, 246, 246 n 10, 249 ; re- 
 enters Council, xliv, 313, 314, 
 314 nl ; his marriage, 210, 
 210 n3 ; Chief at Vizagapatam, 
 252, 255 ; member of Circuit 
 Committee, 268. 
 
 Johnson, Lieut., R.N., 134. 
 
 Jonadee, 93. See Janoji. 
 
444 
 
 Jones, FitzOwen ; letter to, 239. 
 Jones, John, ix. 
 
 Johnstone, George, xxv, 170, 170 nS. 
 Johnstone, John, xxv, 170, 170 h3. 
 Joseph I., of Portugal, 8, 8 h8. 
 Joseph II., EmjxTor, 400, 400 n2. 
 Joiirdan, Francis ; member of the 
 
 Majority, xl, 289, 294, 306; 
 
 loan to, 54 ; note on, 54 ftl ; 
 
 a creditor of J. Johnson, 216 ; 
 
 opposes Walajah, 246, 246 «6 ; 
 
 accomijanies Pigot, 276, 276 n2, 
 
 277, 280, 283, 296; verdict 
 
 against, 315 ?il ; mentioned, 
 
 255, 281, 314. 
 Judda (Jedda), 312. 
 Judge-Advocate, 250. 
 Judge-Advocate-General, 212. 
 Judges of the Supreme Court ; 
 
 opinions of, xliv, 319 ; arrival 
 
 of, 273. 
 Juggut C'hund. See Jagat Chand. 
 Jur3', Coroner's, xliv, 315 nl. 
 Jury, Grand, 103, 108. 
 
 Kadapanattam ; Morari Rao's terri- 
 tory near, 33 ; position of, 
 33 « 5, 43 Hi ; Colonel Call at, 
 43, 48; pass of, 43, 43?il, 48. 
 
 KalaiyarkoiJ, Calacoil ; slaughter at, 
 xxviii, 50 ??2 ; treasure taken 
 at, 193 ; Maravar of, 26 ti4. 
 
 Kallars, Colleries ; rebellious, 194, 218 ; 
 note on, 194 7il. 
 
 Kandees. See Khandesh. 
 
 Kandy, 17 «1. 
 
 Karamnasa, Caramnassah, River, 187, 
 187 nS. 
 
 Karanja, Caranjar ; island of, 280, 
 280 n6. 
 
 Karur ; Haidar at, 61 ; taken from 
 Mysore, 62 ; seized by General 
 R. Smith, 113 71 1. 
 
 Kasim Ali Klian (jViir Kasim) ; 
 threatens Bengal, xxii, xxiii, 
 156, 156 h3 ; defeated at Buxar, 
 xlv ; trouble expected with, 
 122, 122 «2, 126, 126^3. 
 
 Kaunitz, Prince ; L. Palk visits, Ixv, 
 398, 399 ; note on, 398 h1 ; 
 liis kindness, 403. 
 
 Keating, Colonel Thomas, xxxiv, 251. 
 
 Kedgeree, 170, 
 
 Keith, Sir Robert Murray, 399, 403, 
 403 III. 
 
 Kellery inhabitants, 218. See Kallars. 
 
 Kelly, Captain Robert ; liis conduct, 
 106 ; note on, 106 h5 ; court- 
 
 Kelly, Captain Robert — cont. 
 
 martial, on, 114, 115; his son, 
 406, 406 n3. 
 
 Kelsall, Thomas, 45, 45 «2, 168. 
 Kermaway, Captain John ; with 
 Pearse's force, Iv, 354, 362 ; 
 recommended, 171 ; note on, 
 171 «4 ; illness of, 232, 379 ; 
 his service in Oudh, 320 ; letter 
 to, 369 ; at Benares, 379 ; 
 mentioned, 226, 315. 
 
 Kemiaway, Richard ; reduction of his 
 salary, Iviii, 376, 379 ; recom- 
 mended, 171, 208, 208 h3 ; note 
 on, 171 ?i4 ; at Calcutta, 209, 
 209 nl, 232; illness of, 315; 
 visits Madras, 315, 316, 320; 
 acts with H. Vansittart, jun., 
 360, 361, 387, 408 ; advances 
 money for R. Welland, 369 ; 
 mentioned, lix, 219, 219 ?il, 
 226, 318, 374, 410. 
 
 Kemiawaj-, \YiIliam ; of Exeter, 
 171 Ji4 ; draft on, 231, 231 >il ; 
 his sons, 282. 
 
 Kenton, 171 n3. 
 
 Kerjean, Jacques de, xi. 
 
 Kesava, Kesavaiya, 94 ; letter from, 
 154. 
 
 Ketch, 332, 332 ??2. 
 
 Khammamett Combamett, Comma - 
 mett ; capture of, xv, 67 ; 
 faujdar of, 66 ; march to, 199 ; 
 mentioned, 64. 
 
 Khandesh, 1 ?t3. 
 
 Khimed}', 199. See Kimedi. 
 
 Khwaja Assam (Hashim ?) Khan, 310, 
 310 n2. 
 
 Kiladar, 264, 264 «4. 
 
 Killpatrick, Major James, xi, 418 h4. 
 
 Kilpatrick, Captain, 64. 
 
 Kimedi ; Zemindar of, xxx, 68 «2, 
 199. See also Xarayan Deo. 
 
 King, Commander Richard, 7. 
 
 King, , R.N., of H.M.S. Cumber- 
 land, 5. 
 
 Kisnagury. See Ivrishnagiri. 
 
 Kid, instalment, 28, 28 h6, 236. 
 236 n2. 
 
 Kistna River ; crossed by Nizam, Ix, 
 23, 63 ; a boundary, 2, 2/(1; 
 crossing of the, 24, 41, 47, 49; 
 crossed by Mahdu Rao, 152, 
 J 53; Raghoba crosses the, 
 237 ; freedom from chaut of 
 states bordering tlie, 257 ; 
 crossed by Nizam and the 
 Marathas, 392 ; Marathas re- 
 main south of, 402. 
 
 Kloster-Zeven, Convention of, 6 n5. 
 
 Kolar, Colar; the arm}' at, xiv, xv, 81, 
 
445 
 
 Kolar, Colar — cont, 
 
 81 »1 ; ceded to the Marathas, 
 xxi ; surrender of, 10(5. 
 
 Kondajjalli, Condapillee ; garrison of, 
 65 ; Lieut. T. Palk at, 114, 136, 
 151, 153. See IMustafanagar. 
 
 Konkan, The, xxxvi, 281 nl. 
 
 Kora, Gorah ; the Mogul near, 165, 
 165 «1 ; ceded to the Vizier, 
 227 «2 ; 2)a3Mnent for, 231 ; 
 note on, 231 «4. 
 
 Kri.sluiagiri, 77, 87 nl. 
 
 Krishna Rayalu, Raja of Vijayanagar, 
 3, 4." 
 
 Kumara, Comaroo, Comerah, Coniroo ; 
 dubash to Benfield, 278 ; his 
 intrigues, 278, 283 ; is flogged, 
 278, 283 ; informs against 
 Pigot, 291 ; his alleged plot, 
 303, 304 ; his will, 326. 
 
 Knrnool, Canoul, Conoul ; Nawab of, 
 34 ; threatened, 414. 
 
 Lack (lakh), one hundred thousand, 
 27 uo. 
 
 Lally, Thomas Ai-thur, Comte de ; 
 captures Fort St. David, xii ; 
 XXX ; his siege of Fort St. 
 George, xii, xix, xxxiv, xxxv, 
 102 nl ; threatens Madras, 
 83 nl. 
 
 Lambert, Sir John, 390. 
 
 Lambert, William, 227, 227 ni. 
 
 Landreset, ]\I. de, 10. 
 
 Lane, Edmmid Veale ; condemns 
 Treaty of Purandhar, xxxvi, 
 280; his death, Iviii, 368, 
 368 n2 ; his debt to Palk, Iviii, 
 281, 368; letters from, 169, 
 280, 309 ; note on, 169 n2. 
 
 Lane, Thomas, 190, 190 nl. 
 
 Lang, Lt.- General Ross ; defends 
 Vellore, 1 ; commands IMadras 
 army, lii, 365 ; postpones de- 
 partui-e, Ixiii, 419 ; liis marriage, 
 247 nl ; is superseded, 351 n3 ; 
 note on, 365 n2 ; letter from, 
 
 367 ; his obligation to Palk, 
 
 368 ; prepares to sail, 372, 413, 
 417 ; mentioned, 370. 
 
 Lang, Mrs. Ann, Ixii, 372, 411. See 
 
 Pelling. See Oats. 
 Lansdowne, William Petty, Marquess 
 
 of, 388 «2, 398. 
 Larkins, William, 376, 376 ?il, 387. 
 Lathom, Richard ; Chief at Cuddalore, 
 
 xii, 304 ; suspended by the 
 
 Majority, xlii, 292, 300j 304, 
 
 Lathom, Richard — cont. 
 
 306; note on, 292 n2 ; appre- 
 ciation of, 304 ; in Council, 
 .306 ; mentioned, 314. 
 
 Law; Muhammadan, xxvi, 158, 187, 
 203; English, xxxiii. 
 
 Law, Ewan, 221. 
 
 Law, Frances, 146 nl, 196. 
 
 Law, Jacques, xi, 35 n2. 
 
 Law, Jean ; Governor of Pondicherry, 
 xxxii, 35, 137, 137 nl ; super- 
 seded by Bellecombe, xliii, 
 311, 312; note on, 35 h2 ; 
 abilities of, 174 ; fortifies 
 Pondicherry, 1 96 ; governs for 
 the King, 225 ; stores for, 253 ; 
 aids the Mogul, 310 nl ; a 
 prisoner, 325 ; a commissary 
 to receive Pondicherry, 356. 
 
 Law, Jeanne, 210. 
 
 Lawi-ell, James, 130, 206, 206 nl. 
 
 Lawrence, Dr., 346. 
 
 Lawrence, Major- General Stringer; his 
 Narrative, iii, x, x ?i2, 1-4, 
 7 nl ; Palk's relations with vi, 
 vii ; returns to India, viii ; 
 his death, ix, 259, 259 Ji3 ; 
 monuments to, ix ; his career, 
 x-xii ; C.-in-C. in India, xi, 13, 
 144 ; Ms campaigns in Trichi- 
 nopoly, xi, xlv, 88, 102 »1, 
 315 n4 ; liis pensions, xii, 11, 
 11 n3, 13, 126, 173; leaves 
 India, xii, 12 ; portraits of, 
 xii ; his failing health, xxxii, 
 240 ; letter from, 1 ; his march 
 towards Tanjore, 3, 3 ^4 ; asks 
 for Palk's services, 3 ; order 
 to, 8 ; letters to, 13, 58, 213 ; 
 his native titles, 58 ; liis house 
 plundered, 58 ; aided by Palk, 
 60 ; acts on behalf of the army, 
 85 ; recommends a cadet, 91, 
 102 ; is related to Mi-s. Ironside, 
 124 ; his powers, 144, 157 ; 
 supports Fletcher, 163 /i2 ; Ms 
 agent in India, 212 ; his defence 
 of Madras, 297 ; Walajah's 
 comjjlauit to, 305 ; Walajah's 
 bond to, 401, 410, 419 ; men- 
 tioned, 18, 18 h3, 19, 48, 69, 
 111, 118, 125, 139, 141, 159, 
 161, 166, 168, 169, 198, 220, 
 228. 
 
 Lawrence Bagli, 83, 83 n7. 
 
 Leadenhall Street (i.e. the India 
 House) ; jjolitics of, 148 ; Good- 
 lad's merits reported to, 186 ; 
 the tribunal of, 209. See India 
 House. 
 Lee & Ayton, Messrs., 111. 
 
446 
 
 Legge, Hon. Henry Bilson, 7. 
 
 Leij3zig, 402. 
 
 Lemaistre, Justice Stephen Caesar, 
 295, 295 nl, 320. 
 
 Lennox, Commander John, 17, 38. 
 
 Leslie, Colonel Matthew ; Ms command, 
 xlvi ; tries to supersede Iron- 
 side, 130, 169, 169 Hi ; a 
 King's officer, 130 n4 ; the 
 Director's opinion of, 169 ; is 
 superseded by Goddard, 328 7i5. 
 
 Levy, Mrs. Judy, 63. 
 
 Ley, Thomas ; is recommended, 149 ; 
 a ship's officer, 190, 190 «1 ; 
 goes to China, 220, 222 ; men- 
 tioned, 163. 
 
 Liege, Bishop of, 399. 
 
 Light, Hester Eleanora, 72, 72 )i~, 78. 
 
 Light, William, 72, 72 nS. 
 
 Limerick ; the Surprise at, liii, 340, 
 344, 345 ; Indiamen at, 7 ; 
 Burt at, 336 ; effects of R. 
 Palk, jun., at, 343 ; journey 
 from, 353. 
 
 Lind, Mr., 64. 
 
 Lindsay, Admiral Sir John ; Naval 
 C.-in-C. and Plenipotentiary, 
 XX, 132 ; differences with, xx 
 132, 136, 136 «2, 137, 138, 139 
 143, 181 ; supports Walajah, 
 xxi, 137, 140, 201 ; urges 
 attack on Tanjore, xxiii, 162 
 is succeeded by Harland, xxiv 
 154 nl, 181 ; his appointment 
 xxxix, 138 ; his powers, 132 
 143, 145, 185 ; note on, 132 n2 
 his charges against the Govern 
 ment, 156 ; is decorated, 158 
 is recalled, 165. 
 
 Line, Mr., 64. 
 
 Linga Chetti, 197 n4. 
 
 IJngappa Chetti, 136. 
 
 Lisbon, 13. 
 
 Lisle, John Lysaght, Lord, 286 »]. 
 
 Loan, New Cavalry, 418, 418 h1. 
 
 London Streets, Buildings, &c. 
 Bcrncrs Street, 339. 
 Bruton Street, ix, liii, 166, 275, 
 
 288, 336, 345-409 passim. 
 Burlington Street, 13. 
 Charles Street, St. James's, 304. 
 Essex Court, Temple, 205. 
 Kssex Street, Strand, 346. 
 Great Ormond Street, 79. 
 Jerusalem Coffee House, 239, 
 
 239 11 \. 
 King's Koad, Gray's Inn, ISO. 
 Lad Lane (now Grcsham Street), 
 
 345, 345 nl. 
 Leadenhall Street (India House) 
 liii, 21, 101, 123, 144, 336. 
 
 London Streets, &c. — cont. 
 
 Lombard Street, 386, 388. 
 Paper Buildings, Temple, 240, 
 
 241. 
 Park Place, St. James's, ix, 
 
 170, 188-274 passim. 
 Queen Square, 188, 190, 241, 
 
 243, 244, 245, 331. 
 Sise Lane, 82, 159, 170, 180. 
 Spring Gardens, ix, 59, 115, 
 
 122, 166. 
 Swan with Two Necks, Lad 
 Lane, 345. 
 
 Loppo, Dom, 10. 
 
 Louch, jMr. ; agent for the Surprise, 
 340, 343, 344; his behaviour, 
 343, 344, 345 ; his information, 
 346 ; mentioned, 351, 352. 
 
 Louis XV., of France, 8, 8 nQ. 
 
 Low, Lieut., 328. 
 
 Luclaiow, Iv. 
 
 Lupton, Colonel, 255. See Upton. 
 
 Liitzen, Battle of, 399. 
 
 Luxembourg, 398. 
 
 Lyons, James ; Company's agent at 
 Limerick, 341 ; letter from, 
 344 ; supports Baylie, 349 ; 
 mentioned, 345. 
 
 Lysaght, Captam Arthur ; arrests 
 Lord Pigot, xli, 286, 289 ; note 
 on, 286 nl ; Town Major, 295 ; 
 charge against, 295 ; engaged 
 to Miss Pybus, 307 ; in Ganjam, 
 311; verdict against, 315 7il ; 
 ordered to ^ladras, 317 ; at 
 siege of PoncUcherry, 325. 
 
 Lysaght, John, Lord Lisle, 286 nl. 
 
 Macartney, George, Lord ; arrives 
 as Governor, 1, 355 ?^2 ; ini- 
 willing to give up the Assign- 
 naent, li ; deports Stuart, li ; 
 his differences with Hastings, 
 li, Iv, 355 ; his relations with 
 Walajah, Ivi, 355, 356 ; liis 
 duel with Sadleir, Ivi, 96 n2 ; 
 359, 359 /; J, 364; his dcj)arturo, 
 Ivii, lix, 362, 371 ; Ids stipoud, 
 Ivii, 364 ; declines the Governor- 
 Generalship, lix, 373, 374, 383 ; 
 his dislike of Amir-ul-Umara, 
 lix, 371 ; petition to, 366 ; his 
 regard for Sitarfuu Rfiz, 367 ; 
 criticized, 386 ; mentioned, 
 146 ?il, 365, 370 Ji4, 372. 
 
 McGowan, Major John ; his voyage 
 home, lii, 337 ; liis services, lii, 
 343 nl ; conveys information. 
 
447 
 
 McGowan, ^[a j(ir Jolm — CAjnt. 
 
 liii, .'J.'iS ; his dispute with 
 Asquitli, U41, 342 ; letter from, 
 343 ; his report, 344 ; men- 
 tioned, 340. 
 
 McGwire, William, 171, 171 n2. 
 
 ^Macintosh, \A'illiam, 377, 377 »3. 
 
 ^lackay, George ; a Field Deputy, xiv, 
 71. 71 «3 ; susi)ended, xxix, 
 212. 212 «2, 214, 216 ; member 
 of the Majority, xl, 289, 294, 
 306 ; lined, xliv ; at Teneriffe, 
 17 ; liis career, 17 n'i ; bar to 
 his promotion, 59, 59 n2 ; his 
 conduct, 217 ; opposes Walajah 
 246, 246 nl ; liis house, 247 ; 
 member of Circuit Committee, 
 268 ; refuses a visit, 311 ; 
 prosecutes Monckton, 315; 
 verdict against, 315 «1 ; men- 
 tioned, 94, 310. 
 
 Mackay, Captain Hector ; takes charge 
 of T. Palk, XV, 81 ; killed in 
 action, xvi, 82, 87, 90, 95. 
 
 Mackaj, ]\Irs. Sarah, 110, 110 h3, 123. 
 See Stratton, Sarah. 
 
 Mackintosh, Mr., 6. 
 
 McLean, Captain, 78. 
 
 Macleane, Colonel Lauchlau ; at the 
 Haldon conference, ix ; Hast- 
 ings's agent, xxxix ; Walajah's 
 agent, xxxix, 244, 268, 274, 
 274 n3, 275, 305, 312; his 
 mission to England, xlii ; 
 tenders Hastings's resignation, 
 xlv ; his death, xlviii, 326, 
 326 n\ ; Iiis debt to L. Sulivan, 
 188, 188 «2, 189, 242, 242 «3 ; 
 his career, 189 n2 ; Iiis influence 
 with the Directors, 302 ; Ms 
 executors, 331 ; mentioned, 297. 
 
 Macleod, Commander Alexander, 
 263 n2, 264. 
 
 McMahon, Henry ; attorney-at-law, 
 liv, 347 ; letters from, 346, 
 347 ; his claim, 348 ; men- 
 tioned, 350. 
 
 McNab, Lieut. Robert, 86. 
 
 McXeal, Ensign, 176. 
 
 Macpherson, James ; agent for Wala- 
 jah, Ivi, 355, 356 ; note on, 
 356 n\. 
 
 Alacpherson, John ; his career, xxxix, 
 263 n2 ; supports the Majority, 
 xli, 289 ; goes to England, xliii, 
 311, 313, 313 n\ ; enters the 
 Supreme Council, Ivi, 356 n\ ; 
 Governor- General, lix, Ixi, 379 ; 
 his abilities, lix, 379 ; sends an 
 envoy to Mysore, Ix ; executor 
 for Goodlad, 211, 2117^3; his 
 
 Macpherson, John — cont. 
 
 relations with Walajah, 2(53, 
 264, 332 ; is suspended, 264 ; 
 is dismissed, 270, 270 n'i, 313 ; 
 his prouiiscs to Abraham, 387 ; 
 favours Scots, 388, 394 ; ex- 
 pected departure of, 413; men- 
 tioned, xlv, xlix, 310. 
 
 Macrae, James, 56, 56 h3. 
 
 Madagascar ; French preparations in. 
 126, 134; wreck off, 1.58, 161. 
 
 MadapoUam, 29, 78 »1. 
 
 Madar-ul-mulk, Madurul Mullock, 
 Mudar ]\lulk. See Amir-ul- 
 Cmara. 
 
 Madavaraw^ INIadavarave. See Madhu 
 Rao. 
 
 Madeira ; island of, 151, 159, 163, 
 331, 333; wine, xxxv, 38, 113, 
 141, 173, 185. 
 
 Madge, Major Thomas ; in the Circars, 
 xii, 64, 65 ; joins Hart's ex- 
 pedition, XV, 66 ; comments on 
 the peace terms, xvi, 99 ; his 
 illness, x\di, 161, 223 ; at siege 
 of Tanjore, xvii, 223 ; death 
 of, xvii, 232, 245 ; his scheme 
 to aid T. Palk, xx\dii, 202, 218, 
 219 ; his gift for Monson, 50, 
 65 ; note on, 50 h6 ; letters 
 from, 64, 84, 97, 160 ; executor 
 for Cranch, 77, 86, 150 ; late 
 of 96th Foot, 86 ; at Samulkota, 
 115, 151 ; his consideration for 
 Smerdon, 119 ; operates against 
 Poligars, 136, 153 ; reports 
 death of the Palk brothers, 160 ; 
 losses of his detachment, 161 ; 
 remittance from, 173 ; ad- 
 ministers estates of the Palks, 
 204, 250 ; his estate, 232, 253, 
 254 ; his children, 249 ; men- 
 tioned, 82, 87, 100. 
 
 Madhu Rao, Peshwa, (Madavaraw, 
 jNIadavarave, ^lahadarow, I\Iaha- 
 debrow, ^lahadevarow, Mahde- 
 brow, ]\Iaudavarow,^laudharow, 
 jModerow) ; leads his army 
 in person, xiii, 23; engages 
 Haidar, xxi, 23, 116, 116 h2, 
 136, 142 ; his death, xxxii, 210, 
 213; fourth Peshwa, 23 no; 
 proposed grant for, 34 ; Iiis 
 successes, 42, 47, 49 ; his 
 claims, 42 ; negotiations with, 
 43 ; British attitude towards, 
 125 ; advances to the Kistna, 
 152 ; mentioned, 135. See also 
 Marathas, The. 
 
 Madjee Scindy, 309. See Mahadaji 
 Sindia. 
 
448 
 
 Madras ; its capture by the French, 
 X, xii, 248 no ; raided by Haidar 
 in 1767, xiii, xv, 57, 57 «4, 
 91 ?il ; White TowTi of, xxviii, 
 XXXV, 22 n4, 134, 134 nl ; 
 Black Town of, xxxv, xl, 57, 
 109 r!l,n2, 134, 134 nl. See 
 Black Town ; fortifications 
 of, xxxv, xI, 18 «5, 109 nl ; 
 its Island, xli ; as Walajah's 
 domicile, xlii, 293 ; its suburbs 
 raided by Haidar in 1780, I ; 
 devastation aromid, I ; arsenal 
 and hospital at, 29 n3 ; Govern- 
 ment House at, 57 h3, 218 «3 ; 
 Lally's siege of, 61 nl, 102 nl, 
 257 «2, 296, 297 ; Town Temple 
 of, 97 nl ; survey of, 109 n2 ; 
 sickness in, 147 ; revolution in, 
 xl-xliii, 282-302. See Fort St. 
 George. See Council, Madras. 
 
 Madura; Muhammad Yusuf's- re- 
 bellion in, viii, xv ; capture of, 
 XV ; sieges, of, xxx, 61 nl, 
 199 nl; first siege of, 12 n2, 
 26 n3, 61, 61 nl, 81 n2, 167 nl, 
 365 3(2 ; second siege of, 22 n4 , 
 52 n4, 61 nl, 63 n4, 82 n2, 
 166 nl; cantonment needed 
 in, 26 ; remains British, 95 ; 
 Mahfuz Khan's rebellion in, 
 102 nl; exiJedition agamst 
 Poligars of, 176 n3 ; Kallars of, 
 194 nl. 
 
 Mahadaji Sindia ; occu2:)ies Delhi, 
 xxiii ; cajDtures Raghoba, xlvi ; 
 plans to attack Goddard, xlix ; 
 Hastings's treaty with, li ; his 
 jjower at Delhi, Iviii, 368 ; 
 captures the pretended Sudaba, 
 309. 
 
 Mahadarow, Mahadebrow, ]\Iahade- 
 varow, Mahdebrow. See Madhu 
 Rao, 
 
 Mah6 ; reduction of, xlvii, 106 n5, 
 176 ?t3 ; Carnac visits, 310 7!l. 
 
 Mahfuz Khan ; his death, xlviii, 329 ; 
 his rebellion, (51 ; note on, 
 61 n6 ; deputed to Hyderabad, 
 62 ; Caillaud operates against, 
 102 nl ; elder brothei' of 
 Walajah, 329, 329 h1. 
 
 -Maliiiuid Hiza Chan, IMahmud Kizza 
 ( 'awn, Mahomed Kyza Cawn. 
 See Muhammad Baza, Nawab. 
 
 Mails ; sent via Suez, xxxi, 282, 292 ; 
 proposeil route for, 294, 306. 
 
 Maitland, Mrs. Jane, 52, 52 n4. See 
 Morgan. 
 
 Maitland, Lieut. Bichard, 52 n4. 
 
 Majendie, Andrew ; his dispute witli 
 
 Majendie, Andrew — cont. 
 
 Jackson, 83, 83 n4 ; his con- 
 tempt of court, 103, 103 nl ; 
 committed to prison, 109 ; his 
 loan to Walajah, 418 nl. 
 
 MdjumdCir, mazoomdar, 365, 365 n5, 
 366, 367. 
 
 Malabar ; reduced by Haidar, xxxii, 
 61 ; operations in, 1 ; Mathews 
 commands in, li ; disposal of 
 Haidar s conquests in, 33 ; 
 Company's possessions m, 72 ; 
 Maratha ship blown up off, 
 247 ; Hughes sails for, 255, 258, 
 266, 354, 359. 
 
 J\lalacca, 29. 
 
 Malays, The ; capture Balambangan, 
 264 ; make war on the Dutch, 
 372. 
 
 Malcolm (or Malcombe), Henry, 328, 
 328 n-2. 
 
 Maldivias (Maldive Islands), 149. 
 
 Malguzari lands, 233, 233 n8. 
 
 Malmesbury, James Harris, Earl of, 
 Ixvi, 412, 412 nl. 
 
 Malwagle, 82. See Mulbagal. 
 
 Mangalore ; Campbell's defence of, 
 li ; surrender of, lii ; Treaty of. 
 Hi, 355, 355 7(1 ; Peace Com- 
 missioners at, Iv, 351 ?i2 ; 
 Sadleir's mission to, 96 ?;2 ; 
 Carnac's death at, 310 «1. 
 
 Mangalpetta ; pass of, 23. 
 
 IManila expedition ; led by Draper and 
 Cornish, 8 ?i4 ; Lewin Smith, 
 with, 28 «3 ; Brooke with, 51, 
 51 n2 ; B. Barker with, 112 nl ; 
 Fletcher with, 163 h2 ; Cotsford 
 with, 199 «1 ; mentioned, xx\-iii, 
 xxix, 12/(1, ?(2, 396 n2. 
 
 Manila trade ; permission desired for, 
 19 ; difficulties of, 53, 74 ; 
 Spanish Governor's statement 
 as to, 73 ; ships for, 29, 90, 
 137 ; state of, 152, 154, 173, 
 216, 254 ; freedom of, 380. 
 
 Maiiimangalam, Munnimunglum, 97. 
 
 Mannar Chetti, 136. 
 
 Manni Begam, Munny Begum, 191, 
 206. 
 
 Manshij), John, 127, 127 n5, 128, 246. 
 
 Maphauscawn, 329. See IMahfuz Khan. 
 
 Maps, Pvciuiell's, xxiii, 167. 
 
 Marathas, The ; their wars with Haidar, 
 xiii, xxi, xxxii, 23, 35, 41, 61, 
 120, 125, 132. 134, 137, 153, 
 155, 165, 175, 280, 311 ; fears 
 in the Carnatic of, xxi, xxxii, 
 48, 116, 120, 152, 155, 162, 172, 
 175, 177, 178, 184, 237, 238; the 
 Mogul joins, xxiii, 1 65 ; retire 
 
41*) 
 
 Marathas, The — con*. 
 
 from Rohilkhanrl, xxvi, 192 ; 
 attack the Jats, xxvi, 192 ; 
 dominate the IMogul, xxxi, 19;5, 
 231 ?(4 ; dissensions among, 
 xxxii, 175, 213, 237, 251 ; their 
 reported claims, xxxii, 235 ; 
 Bombay attacks the IMinisterial 
 party of, xxxiv, 249 ; civil war 
 among, xxxv, 256, 257 ; de- 
 feated at Panijjat in 1761, 
 XXX vi ; intrigue with the French, 
 xlvi, 321 ; Avar renewed with, 
 xlviii, 328, 329, 331, 333; 
 seize British passengers, xlix, 
 330 ; are allied with Haidar 
 and the Nizam, xlix ; conclude 
 Treaty of Salbai, 11 ; join Nizam 
 against Tipu, Ix, 392, 393, 401, 
 402, 410, 414, 415, 418, 419; 
 account of, 2 ; J. Bourchier 
 negotiates with, 24 ; British 
 policy towards, 31, 32, 142, 
 145 ; lack confidence in Nizam, 
 42, 43 ; as mercenaries, 87, 
 87 n2 ; risks from, 89, 102, 156 ; 
 ask British aid, 152, 174, 374 ; 
 threaten Bengal, 156 ; British 
 neutrality towards, 173, 181, 
 183 ; Walajah's attitude to, 
 174, 182, 183, 184 ; defeat the 
 Rohillas, 187 ; their hostility 
 to Oudh, 187 ; make peace with 
 Haidar, 194, 196; attack the 
 Mogul, 207 ; negotiate with 
 Haidar and Nizam, 235, 237 ; 
 cause trouble in Bombay, 247 ; 
 their fleet, 247 ; agree to an 
 armistice, 251, 252, 253, 255, 
 260 ; Upton's negotiations with, 
 266, 273 ; peace concluded with, 
 277, 277 n\, 279, 280, 282, 301, 
 307, 309 ; defeated by Carnac 
 in 1765, 310 n\ ; expedition 
 through territory of, 321 ; are 
 jealous of Sindia, 369 ; in- 
 cidence of cost of war with, 
 379 ; threaten Tipu, 381, 391 ; 
 mentioned, 138, 179, 210, 224, 
 239, 265, 359. 
 
 Maravar of Ramnad, The ; is attacked 
 by Raja of Tanjorc, xxiii, 155, 
 174 ; his auxiliary force, 26 ; 
 his territory, 26 «2 ; called The 
 Great Maravar, 26 n\ ; ex- 
 pedition of 1772 against, 194 ; 
 is subdued, 213 ; his country 
 taken by Walajah, 218; a 
 prisoner, 278. 
 
 Maravar of Kalij^arkoil, or of Siva- 
 ganga, The ; called The Little 
 
 Maravar of Kaliyarkoil — cont. 
 
 Maravar, 26 7!4 ; attacked by 
 Colonel Bonjour, 50 v2 ; ex- 
 pedition against, 194 ; called 
 The Nalkottai Poligar, 194, 
 194n3,218,2l8n4; is subdued, 
 213 ; a prisoner, 278. 
 
 Maravars, The two ; expedition 
 against, xxviii, 23 «1, 186, 191, 
 193 ; held prisoners by Walajah 
 xxxix, 278 ; Walajah's designs 
 against, 26 ; a history of, 97 n\ ; 
 oppressed by Tanjore, 162; 
 revenues of, 194 ; Walajah's 
 success against, 201 ; Maratha 
 aid expected for, 235 ; men- 
 tioned, xxxii. 
 
 Marchand, M., 61 nl. 
 
 Maria Theresa, Empress, Ixv, 400, 
 400 n\. 
 
 Marriage custom, Hindu, 77. 
 
 Marsden Thomas ; his contempt of 
 court, 103, 103 n3, 109; note 
 on, 109 n2. 
 
 Martin, Captain, 59. 
 
 Martin, Mrs., 64. 
 
 Mason, E., 63. 
 
 Master, Attendant ; post of, xxxv ; 
 Adams as, 141 nl, 150, 150 nl ; 
 Baker as, 141 rd, 171 ?i3 ; Tas- 
 well as, 141 «3. 
 
 Masulipatam ; Lewin Smith as Chief 
 at, 28 n3, 50 n3, 65, 65 n2, 
 100; Whitehill as Chief at, 
 29 n2, 269 ; Bengal troops at, 
 66 ; Wynch as Chief at, 74 ?z4, 
 99, 132, 197 ; Sadleir at, 96 n2, 
 380 ; taken by Forde, 116 ?i5 ; 
 value of, 148 ; Daniell as Chief 
 *at, 208 «4, 363; T. Palk at, 
 218, 232, 249, 250, 254, 256, 
 259, 265, 329; S. Johnson as 
 Cliief at, 255 ; Committee of 
 Inquiry at, 264 ; Crauford at, 
 272 ; affairs at, 323 ; bills on, 
 419 ; mentioned, 29, 43 n2, 66, 
 98, 174, 202, 248. 
 
 Mathews, Brig. -General Richard ; as 
 captain captures Mulbagal, 
 xxxvii, 82 wl ; commands in 
 Malabar, and surrenders at 
 Bednur, li ; his battalion, 27 ; 
 note on, 27 n\ ; j^raise of, 261, 
 261 w2. 
 
 Maudavarow, Maudharow. See Madhu 
 Rao. 
 
 Maunsell, George ; at Limerick, 348, 
 349 ; letter from, 351. 
 
 Maunsell, Thomas ; bill drawn on. 
 liv, 351 ; acts for Palk, Iv ; 
 note on, 351 «1 ; letters from. 
 
450 
 
 Mannpell, Thomas — conK 
 
 352, 353 ; letter to, .353. 
 
 Mauphus Cawn, 61. See Mahfuz Khan. 
 
 Mauritius ; Fletcher's death at, xliii, 
 163 n2 ; note on, 72 n\ ; French 
 reserv^es at, 134, 312, 355, 383 ; 
 mentioned, 163, 326. 
 
 IMayor of I\Iadi-as, 303. ^ee also Court, 
 Mayor's. 
 
 Mazoomdar. See Majumdar. 
 
 Mears, Commander Charles, 79, 226, 
 233. 
 
 Mecca, 61. 
 
 Meddighery, IMedgeri (Mudigiri ?), 35, 
 49. 
 
 Merchants, Armenian, 254. 
 
 Merchants, The Company's ; replaced 
 by gomastas, xxxii, 210 7i2 ; 
 duties of, 18 7)4 ; of Cuddalore, 
 55, 56, 69, 280 ; appointment 
 of, 136 ; deliver goods, 152 ; 
 of Madras, 280. 
 
 Merchants, Native ; of Calcutta, 80, 
 80 w3 ; of Madras, 254. 
 
 Middleton, Samuel, 206, 206 nl. 
 
 Midnapur ; G. Vansittart at, 16, 21, 
 113, 123, 134; aspect of, 40; 
 conditions at, 80 ; Pearse's 
 march from, 343 nl. 
 
 Militia, Madras, 57 n4, 91, 91 nl. 
 
 Mills, Samuel, 303. 
 
 Minister Plenipotentiary. See Pleni- 
 potentiary. 
 
 Minor Cadets, Ixii, 394. 
 
 Mint, 197, 197 n4. 
 
 Mir Jafar, ]\Ieer Jaffier. See Jafar Ali 
 Khan. 
 
 Mir Ka.sim. See Kasim Ali Khan. 
 
 Mission, Commercial ; Monckton's, 
 173, 174; Desvoeux's, 174; 
 Dalrymple's, 257 «2. 
 
 Mocha, 312. 
 
 Moderow, 135. See IMadhu Rao. 
 
 Mofussil (mujassul), 2.33, 233 r!l2. 
 
 Mogul, The ; cedes the Circars, viii, 
 23?^6, 102 nl ; Walajah sub- 
 ordinate to, xxiv, 181 ; govern- 
 ment of, 1 ; confers honours on 
 Wahijah, 11 n2, 12 ; grants the 
 Carnatic, 42 ; is reconciled to 
 the Vizier, 110; receives Delhi 
 from the ]\Iarathas, 165; is 
 dominated by the IMarathas, 
 187, 193 ; defends Delhi, 207 ; 
 joins the ]\larathas, 231 ^f4; 
 loses territory, 231 ?i4 ; is de- 
 feated by Carnac, 310 nl ; 
 mentioned. Iv, 238. See also 
 Sliah Alam. 
 
 Mokar AH, 414. 
 
 Monckton, Hon. Edward ; a tunica- 
 holder, xl, 276, 278; his 
 marriage, xl, 279, 279 nl, 299; 
 Xawab's charge against, 146 ; 
 note on, 146 n2; his mission 
 to Quedah, 173, 173 nl, 174; 
 Assaymaster, 216 ; his Manila 
 trade, 254 ; supports Lord 
 Pigot, 289; his protest, 300; 
 his affidavit, 303 ; prepares to 
 sail, 314 ; is prosecuted, 315. 
 
 Money ; lacking in ^Madras, Iv, Ivii, 
 90, 329, ■ 354, 355, 364, 410 ; 
 scarce at Calcutta, 93, 126, 
 394 ; needed in Bengal, 102, 
 227, 329 ; sent from England, 
 103 ; supplied to INIadras and 
 Bombay, 379. See also Specie. 
 
 Monghyr, 190' 
 
 Monson, Colonel the Hon. George ; 
 member of the Supreme 
 Council, xxxii ; his death, 
 xxxiii, xliii, 308, 312 ; notes 
 on, 12 n2, 292 nl ; Madge's 
 gift for, 50, 65 ; illness of, 
 282, 292, 307 ; mentioned, 12. 
 
 Monson, Lady Anne, 292, 292 nl. See 
 Vane. 
 
 Monthly Review, The. 384 «3, 385. 
 
 Moodoo Kistna, Moodu Kisna. See 
 ]\Iuttukrishna Mudali. 
 
 IMoonimadgoo. See Munimadgu. 
 
 Mooperala Kistnia. See Jlupirala 
 Kistnaiya. 
 
 Moore, Henry ; letter from, 13. 
 
 Moorees. See Textiles. 
 
 Moota Chitty. See Muttu Chetti. 
 
 Mora^in, Leon, 253. 
 
 Morari Rao ; surrenders to Haidar, 
 XXXV, 311 ; dies in confinement, 
 XXXV ; his territorj^ 33, 34, 35 ; 
 note on, 33 n4 ; Chief of Gooty, 
 87 n2 ; serves the British, 
 87 «2 ; fails to assist, lOG, 
 1 06 nl ; is attacked by Haidar, 
 270. 
 
 IVIordaunt; General Sir John, 7, 7 nl. 
 
 Morgan, Captain Augustus de, xlvii. 
 
 Morgan, Jane de, 52 »4. 
 
 Morgan, Captain John de, 267 nl. 
 
 IMorgan, Mary de, 267 nl. 
 
 Morgan, Susanna. 91 »2. 
 
 Morris, Commander Artlmr, 164. 
 
 Morse, Emelia ; marries H. Vansittart, 
 sen., 17 /;4, .30 /(3. See Van- 
 sittart, Mrs. Enielia. 
 
 Morse, Frances ; marries C. Boddam, 
 245 n4. 
 
 Morse, Airs. Jane ; goes to England, 
 xxxiii, 202 ; her experiences, 
 
451 
 
 Morse, Mm. Ja.ne—cnnt. 
 
 xxxiv ; letters from, 83, 100, 
 133 ; note on. 83 nl ; afflicted 
 by loss of Aurora, 150; moots 
 H. Vansittart, jun., 180 ; her 
 illness, 11)5, 202; Du Pr6's 
 consideration for, 199 ; in 
 England, 245, 2(50 ; mentioned, 
 17 n4, 194. jSee Goddard, Jane. 
 
 Morse, Nicholas ; late Governor, xii, 
 17 »4, S3 n\ ; his house of 
 agency, xii, xxxiii, 44, 88, 90 nl, 
 
 103, 119 ; liis views on the war, 
 xvi, 89 ; dei^lores loss of H. Van- 
 sittart, XX, 133, 150 ; his death, 
 xx\ii, 17 «4, 190, 191, 194-199 
 passitn, 202 ; is succeeded by 
 d'Fries, xxxiii ; his career, 
 17 ?!4 ; deals in diamonds, 21, 
 90; letters from, 88, 93, 102, 
 
 104, 134, 142 ; liis house at the 
 Mount, 119, 135; his kinchiess 
 to T. Palk, 138, 174; illness 
 of, 174 ; receives H. Vansittart, 
 jmi., 180 ; his affairs, 196 ; 
 appreciation of, 197 ; agent for 
 Palk, 93, 225, 410; occupies 
 Vansittart's house, 247 ; men- 
 tioned, 17, 20, 29, 30?i3, 34, 
 54, 73, 76, 131, 139, 155, 170. 
 
 Motteux, John ; a Director, 127, 
 127 rtl ; liis payment for H. 
 Vansittart, 128 ; his ad\ace to 
 L. Sulivan, 188, 188 n3 ; his 
 accounts, 189 ; loan of stock 
 to, 243, 243 h4; mentioned, 
 190. 
 
 Moubray, George, 413, 413 n3, 418. 
 
 Mould, Mr., 115. 
 
 Mount, The. See St. Thomas's INIount. 
 
 Mozambique Channel, 151 «1. 
 
 Mudaji, Raja of Berar, xlix. 
 
 Mudar IMulk (Madar-ul-Mulk). See 
 Amir-uI-Umara. 
 
 Mudoo Kistna. See Muttukrishna 
 Mudali. 
 
 Mugford, Mary, iv, 18 «1. 
 
 Muhammad Ali, Nawab of Arcot ; 
 entere Arcot, \di ; is aided by 
 Palk, ix ; is besieged in Trichi- 
 nopoly, xi ; portrait of, xii ; 
 is hated by Haidar, xiv ; Xawab 
 of the Carnatic, 1, 61 7)3 ; grants 
 San Thome to the Company, 
 
 10 n\ ; liis title of Walajah, 
 
 11 n2, 61 n3 ; Navdi/ats de- 
 tained by, 106 n4 ; grants the 
 Jaghire to the Company, 146 ; 
 mentioned, 61. See Walajah. 
 
 Muhammad Raza ; Xaib Diwan of 
 Bengal, xxv, 206, 206 w3 ; 
 
 Muhammad, Raza — cant. 
 
 arrested, tried and acquitted, 
 xxvi, 191 n2, 192, 203 ; his 
 lil)rarv, 187 ; note on, 187 »] : 
 his power broken, 191. 
 
 Muhammad Yusuf ("Cawn Sahib"); 
 his rebellion, viii, 61 ; Haidar's 
 intrigues with, xv; note on, 
 61 ?(1. 
 
 ]\Iulbagal, JNIalwaglo ; Wood's action 
 at, xiv, XV, 87, 87 «1 ; Wood's 
 assault on fort of, xvi, 82 ; 
 Mathews captures fort of, xxxvii, 
 27 7il ; note on, 82 Jil. 
 
 Mulkirke, Miss, 110. 
 
 Mmiimadgu ; diamond sales at, 21, 76. 
 
 Munir-ud-daula, 110, 110 ?a. 
 
 Munnimunglum. See Manimangalam. 
 
 •]Munny Begum. See IManni Begam. 
 
 Mmiro, Dr. Andrew, 7 n2, 54 w2, 74 nl. 
 
 jMunro, ]\Irs. Frances Mary, 54, 54 n2, 
 74, 74 nl, 142. 
 
 Munro, ]\Iaj or- General Sir Hector ; his 
 early career, xiv ; arrives at 
 Madras, xiv, 317 ; is knighted, 
 xl\ai; retreats from Con jeveram, 
 1 ; takes Negapatam, 1 ; re- 
 signs, li ; note on, 317 n2 ; 
 takes Pondicherry, 324 ; is 
 considerate to the French, 326 ; 
 mentioned, xliv. 
 
 Munro, John, of Culcarn, 8, 8 n2. 
 
 Mmxro, Katherine, 7, 7 n5. 
 
 Munro, jMargaret Aurora ; prepares 
 for India, 55, 74, 74 n2, 75, 
 75 7i3 ; her marriage, 55 nl, 95, 
 95 n3. See Smith, Mrs. Margaret. 
 
 Munro, Robert Duncan ; Walajah's 
 debt to, 55 ; note on, 55 n2 ; 
 letter from, 142 ; suspended by 
 Stratton, 291, 291 h1 ; rein- 
 stated, 318, 318 nl. 
 
 Mupirrda Kistnaiya, Mupral Kistnayah, 
 Mooperala Kistnia ; his licence 
 as betel farmer, 18, 19 n4, 20; 
 letters from, 19, 57 ; his differ- 
 ence with Walajah, 20 ; his 
 death, 77 ; his son, 94, 105. 
 
 Murshidabad ; Resident at, 116n6, 
 206 ; Revenue Board for, 130 ; 
 Hastings at, 206, 206 n2. 
 
 Muscat, 235. 
 
 Musnud, The ; of Tanjore, 279. 
 
 Mustafanagar (Kondapalli) ; Circar 
 of, 48. 
 
 Mutsuddee (mutasaddi), 207, 207 nl. 
 
 Muttu Chetti, Moota Chitty, 41. 
 
 iMuttukrishna ; Company's Merchant, 
 70. 
 
 Muttukrishna Mudali, Moodoo Kistnah, 
 Moodu Kisna ; arranges the 
 
452 
 
 Muttukrishna ]\Iuda]i — cent. 
 
 affair of Rayalu Pant, xvii, 97, 
 97 »1, 108, 147, 155 ; Company's 
 Interpreter, xxxii ; at Sadras, 
 xxxii ; arrack fanner. 19, 20 ; 
 letters from, 218, 236, 239, 256, 
 270, 296, 316, 318, 322 ; Pigot's 
 dubash, 259, 260; with Pigot 
 at Tanjore, 277, 280, 296; 
 Walajali's hostility to, 318, 
 322 ; mentioned, xxxv, 122, 
 218 nl. 
 
 Mydagaut, 246. 
 
 Mysore ; Raja of, 4 ; future govern- 
 ment of, 33 ; conquest by 
 Marathas undesirable, 142 ; 
 British plan of conquest im- 
 practicable, 148 ; plundered by 
 Marathas, 153 ; no intercourse 
 with, 381. 
 
 Mysore War, First ; its cause, xiii, 61, 
 62, 63, 143; Call's plan of 
 operations in, 31 ; results ex- 
 pected from, 49 ; envoy sent 
 to Haidar during, 78 ?2l ; British 
 reverses in, 94 ; disastrous 
 results of, 95, 105 ; motives for 
 beginning, 105 ; incidence of 
 cost of, 107, 162; Hastings's 
 comments on, 116; Ross Lang 
 in, 365 «2 ; mentioned, xxxvii, 
 xlvi, 225?il. 
 
 Mysore War, Second ; its heavy cost, 
 1 ; its deplorable effects, Ivii ; 
 invasion of Carnatic in, 96 n2 ; 
 mentioned, xlix, 418 n3. 
 
 Naalcooty, Naulcooty. See Xalkottai 
 PoHgar. 
 
 Nadcutch (Nadava-kurichi ?), 25. 
 
 Xagore ; disposal of, xxx, 224 ; Resi- 
 dent at, 196 ?i 1 ; expected grant 
 of, 269. 
 
 Naib ; Walajali's, at Arcot, 27 ; mean- 
 ing of, 27 «4, 206 h3. 
 
 Naib Diudn ; in Bengal, 206 ; for Pro- 
 vincial Council, 233, 233 «5. 
 
 Najaf Khun ; the IMogul's General, 
 xxxi, 237, 237 n\ ; at Agra, 
 237, 238. 
 
 Najib Khan, Nazeeb Cawn, 20, 264. 
 
 Xajib Yar Khan, Nazeabeaur CaAvn, 
 28, 28 «2. 
 
 Najm-ud-daula, Nawab of Bengal, 
 126 7(5. 
 
 Nalkottai (Naalcooty, Naulcooty) 
 Poligar ; subdued, 194, 194 ?i3 ; 
 his country taken, 218, 218 «4. 
 See Maravar of Kaliyarkoil. 
 
 Nana, Nannah, The ; title of the Pesh- 
 wa, 2, 280, 280 ?i7. 
 
 Nana Farnavis, xlvi, 317 iiA. 
 
 Nancy, ^liss, 141. See Palk, Anne 
 (Nancy). 
 
 Nandkumar, ]\Iaharaja ; arrest of, 
 iv n\ ; employment of, xxv, 
 191 ; tried and executed, xxxiii, 
 248, 248 »5 ; character of, 192 ; 
 his son, 191, 206. 
 
 Narayan ; Governor's dubash, 296. 
 
 Naraj-an Deo, Narrain Dew, Narrain- 
 doo ; Zemmdar of Kimedi, xxx, 
 68 n2 ; rebels, xxx, 68, 68 n2, 
 199, 199 h2 ; is defeated, xxx, 
 191 n\, 199. 
 
 Narayan Pillai, Narrain Pillah ; Com- 
 pany's Merchant, 56, 56 n2. 
 
 Narayan Rao, Narrain Raw, Narran- 
 rave ; becomes Peshwa, xxxii, 
 210 ; is murdered, xxxii, 237, 
 237^1, 251, 251 nl ; his son, 
 li, 281, 281 «3 ; his party attack 
 Raghoba, 239. 
 
 Narrain Dew, Narraindoo. See Nara- 
 yan Deo. 
 
 Narrain Pillah. See Narayan Pillai. 
 
 Narrain Raw, Narranrave. See Nara- 
 yan Rao. 
 
 Nattal, 9. 
 
 Naulcooty. See Nalkottai Poligar. 
 
 Navayat class, 106, 106 «4. 
 
 Navy, The, 125. See Squadron. 
 
 Navy Bills; remittance bv, 328, 331, 
 333. 
 
 Nawab of Arcot and the Carnatic. See 
 Muhammad Ali. See Walajah. 
 
 Nawab of Bengal. See Bengal. 
 
 Nawab of Cuddapah. See Cuddapali. 
 
 Nawab of Kurnool. See Kurnool. 
 
 Nawab Vizier of Oudh ; seeks British 
 aid, xx%a, 192, 192 n'2 ; Shuja- 
 ud-daula as, xxxi ; . Hastings's 
 treaty with, xxxi, 222, 227, 
 227 n2, 228 ; defeated at Buxar, 
 xlv ; Barker's influence \v\i\\, 
 112 7j1; receives territory, 
 227 n2 ; mutiny in his army, 
 282 ; Asaf-ud-daula as, 320 nl ; 
 nientioned, xvi, xxiii, 88 nl. 
 See Shuja-ud-daula. See Asaf- 
 ud-daula. 
 
 Nazeabeaur Cawn. See Najlb Yar 
 Khan. 
 
 Nazeeb Cawn. See Najlb Klian. 
 
 Negapatam, 1, 351 7(3. 
 
 Nellacuntaker, Nellakontawker. See 
 Nilakantaker. 
 
 Nellore, 102 /;1. 
 
 Neuchatel; L. Palk at, Ixiii-lxv, 375, 
 378, 382, 384, 385, 388, 389, 397. 
 
453 
 
 Newcastle, Thomas Pelham Holies, 
 Duke of, 7. 
 
 Newspapers ; Morning Chronicle, 60 ; 
 Iiicky\<! Bengal Gazette, 73 n2. 
 
 Neyle family, The, v. 
 
 Nicolson, \\'illiaiu, Bisiiop of Carlisle, 
 415, 415 7i3. 
 
 Xilakantakar, Nellacutitaker, Nella- 
 koutawker ; diamond merchant, 
 73, 90, 216. 
 
 Nimmo, John, liii. 340, 345. 
 
 Nizam Ali, Nizam of Hyderabad ; 
 Subahdar of the Deccan, viii ; 
 rules the C'ircars, viii ; British 
 alliance with, ix, xv, 60, 60 n4, 
 89, 90, 96, 102 /1 1 ; his gifts to 
 Palk and Caillaud, ix ; the 
 British join him against Haidar, 
 xiii, 31 ; changes sides, xiii, 
 63, 111 ; sues for peace, xiv, xv, 
 67, 199 ; Walajah subordinate 
 to, xxiv, 181 ; Ragho))a makes 
 terms with, xxxii, 235, 237 ; 
 recovers territory, xxxv, 257 ; 
 Rumbold quarrels with, xlvii, 
 xlviii ; joins Haidar and 
 Marathas, xlix ; deserts the 
 confederacy, 1 ; joins Marathas 
 against Tijiu, Ix, 392 ; called 
 The Subah, 23, 23 «2 ; Wala- 
 jah's jealousy of, 25, 44 ; his 
 jealousy of the Marathas, 47 ; 
 his former demand on Arcot, 
 62 ; refuses negotiations with 
 Walajah, 62; Treaty of 1768 
 with, 69, 74, 77, 87, 199; his 
 attitude, 88, 132, 165; weak- 
 ness of, 194 ; opposes Haidar, 
 311 ; threatens Tipu, 359, 391 ; 
 his aims, 393 ; deserts the 
 Marathas, 401 ; his actions with 
 Tipu, 410, 414. See also, Subah. 
 
 Nizdmnt, 192, 192 «1. 
 
 North, Frederick, Lord ; notifies 
 French designs, 171 ; appoints 
 Macpherson, 263 7i2 ; men- 
 tioned, X, 387. 
 
 Northern Circars. See Circars. 
 
 Northcote, Sir Henry, 415, 415 ni. 
 
 Northcote, Sir Stafford, 415. 
 
 Xovoyt class. See Navuyat. 
 
 Nudjuff Cawn. See Najaf Khiin. 
 
 Xund Comar. See Nandkumar. 
 
 Nuzar (nazar), 280, 280 n-i. 
 
 Oakeley, sir Charles ; Governor of 
 Madras, 196 «1, 212 7il ; Secre- 
 tary, 212, 295 ; member of the 
 Board of Revenue, 413; men- 
 tioned, 331. 
 
 Oats, Ann, 365 n2. See Felling, See 
 
 Lang. 
 Oats, Captain Thomas ; commended, 
 
 166 ; his marriage, 166 n2, 
 
 247 wl ; mentioned, 365 ?i2. 
 Observatory, Astronomical, 196 nl. 
 Officers, Combination of. See Army. 
 Onier al Omrah, 292. See Amir-ul- 
 
 Umara. 
 Ongole, Wongole ; Raja of, 166 nl ; 
 assignments given on, 248, 
 
 248 n3 ; troops sent to, 258. 
 Onor. See Honavar. 
 
 Opium ; trade claimed by the Com- 
 pany, xxvi, 231 ; private trade 
 in, xxxviii, 221, 237 ; for 
 Balambangan, 255. 
 
 Orange, Prince of, Ixvi, 412. 
 
 Orissa ; survey of, 167. 
 
 Orme, Edward, 369 ?il. 
 
 Orme MSS., viiwl, x, x ?i3, xinl, 
 xvi »1, xviii ??1. 
 
 Orme , Robert ; his opinion of Palk, 
 vi ; leaves India, vii ; his 
 opinion of Lawrence, xi ; his 
 opinion of C. Bourchier, xviii, 
 xviii nl ; monograph for, 199 nl; 
 corresponds with Pelling, 
 247 nl ; mentioned, xvi, «1. 
 
 Orton, Captain T. (Roderick ?) ; letter 
 from, 71 ; notes on, 71 nl, 
 114 h5 ; court-martial on, 114, 
 115. 
 
 Orton, Mrs., 71. 
 
 Osborne, Admiral Henry, 6, 6 n6. 
 
 Otterton, 323, 323 nl. 
 
 Ottery St. Mary, Ixii, 372, 374. 
 
 Oudh ; British troops in, xxxi ; 
 Begams of, li ; Hastings's settle- 
 ment of, Iv-; Rennell's survey 
 of, 167. See Nawab Vizier. See 
 Shuja-ud-daula. See Asaf-ud- 
 daula. 
 
 Outcry, Public, 18, 18 n6. 
 
 Owen, Arthur, 271, 271 n2. 
 
 Owen, Elizabeth, 82 n2. 
 
 Oyly, Sir John de, lix, 369, 369 n4. 
 
 Pagoda. See Coinage. 
 
 Paiba, Abrahani de : letter from, 11 h 
 
 Paine, Commander John, 89. 
 
 Pain Gaut, Payen Gatte. See Payen- 
 
 gaut. 
 Paintings. See Textiles. 
 Palamcotta ; Flint marches from, 25 ; 
 
 cantonment required in, 26 ; 
 
 recruits for, 29 ; remains British, 
 
 95 ; Snelling at, 147, 191 ; 
 
 Cooke at, 225. 
 
 DD 
 
454 
 
 Palameleru. See Palmaner. Palk, 
 
 Palankeen, as a mark of honour, 56. 
 
 Palar River, 44 n\, n2, 184 nl, 392 «1. 
 
 Palghat, Palghatcherri ; captured and 
 
 restored, Iv ; garrison of, 351, Palk, 
 
 351 n3, 352. 
 
 Palk M8S., Haldon collection of ; con- 
 tents and distribution of, iii, 
 xii ; hiatus in, xlix. 
 
 Pall: MSS. in the British ]\Iuseum ; 
 acquired, iii ; selection from, 
 xxxiv ; examined, Ixvii. 
 
 Palk Strait, xxiii, 325 nZ. 
 
 Palk, Anne (Lady Palk) ; wife of (Sir) 
 Kobert Palk, %-iii ; her death, 
 X, lx%ai : health of, Ixvi, 322, 
 403, 409, 415, 416; her^kind- Palk, 
 
 ness to Miss Stonhouse, 37 ; 
 sister of Henry and George Palk, 
 
 Vansittart, 37 ?i3 ; leader of 
 Madras Society, 38 ; letter to, Palk, 
 
 40 ; her homeward voj'age, 51, 
 55 ; receives news of loss of 
 Atirora, 130; her dubash, 271 ; 
 mentioned, xiii, 14-411 passim. 
 
 Palk, Amie (Nancy) ; daughter of (Sir) 
 Kobert Palk, viii ; her marriage, 
 X, Ixiv, 385, 396, 402, 413 ; born 
 in India, viii, Ixiii ; gifts for, 
 69, 69 iCl, 360 ; her house, 141, 
 141 n2, 195; mentioned, 91, 
 164, 180, 227, 274, 373, 386, 
 388, 416 
 
 Palk, Mrs. Catharine ; wife of Tom 
 Palk, xliv ; letter from, 357 ; 
 desires a portrait, 358 ; her 
 plans for her children, 372 ; 
 wishes to visit England, 401 ; 
 herplans upset, 419 ; mentioned 
 Ivi, 380, 411. See PelHng, 
 Catharine. 
 
 Palk, Catharine, jun. ; daughter of 
 Tom Palk, Ivi, 357 ; to be sent 
 home, Ixii, 372, 411, 417. 
 
 Palk, Catherine (Kitty) ; daughter of Palk, 
 
 (Sir) Robert Palk, ix ; her 
 death, Ixiii ; bom in England, 
 79, 79 h3, 91, 91 n5 ; mentioned 
 227, 274. 
 
 Palk, lOiuelia ; daughter of (Sir) Palk, 
 
 Robert Palk, ix ; birth of, ix, 
 274, 274 «1; her death, Ixiii, 
 Ixvii, 412, 412 7^3; her illness, 
 Ixiv, Ixvi, 388, 390, 396, 398, 
 402, 403, 404, 409 ; mentioned 
 386. 
 
 Palk, Grace ; aunt of (Sir) Robert 
 Palk, iv. 
 
 Palk, Grace, sister of (Sir) Robert 
 Palk ; marries R. Wclland, sen., 
 iv, 254 nl. See Welland, Grace. 
 
 Grace ; niece of (Sir) Robert 
 Palk, V, 245 nZ ; marries X. 
 Tripe, v, 180 n'i ; suggested visit 
 to India, 131, 202, 204. 
 Ensign John ; his arrival in 
 India, •s.xii, 83 7i6, 114, 114 n2, 
 115, 136, 136 nl, 141, 151; 
 his fatal expedition, xvii,* 160, 
 163 ; named in error, 83, 83 n6 ; 
 destined for India, 88, 88 nS ; 
 appointed Ensign, 136 ; at 
 PoonamaUee, 141 ; letter from, 
 151 ; at Samulkota, 151, 153 ; 
 Madge's kindness to, 153, 154 ; 
 his estate, 249, 250, 253, 254 ; 
 mentioned, v. 
 
 Jonathan ; luicle of (Sir) Robert 
 Palk, iv. 
 
 Rev. Jonathan ; nephew of (Sir) 
 Robert Palk, v. 
 
 Lawrence, son of (Sir) Robert 
 Palk ; bom in India, viii ; his 
 travels and letters, x, Ixiii ; at 
 Oxford, Ixiii ; Ms stay at 
 Neuchatel Ixiv, 375, 382, 390 ; 
 dental operation on, Ixiv, 375, 
 382 ; moves to \'ienna, Ixv, 
 397, 398 ; -sasits Brunswick, 
 Hanover, Holland, &c., Ixvi, 
 405, 406, 407, 412 ; his charac- 
 ter, Ixvii ; succeeds his father, 
 Ixvii ; letters from, 375, 383, 
 385, 388, 389, 395, 398, 400, 
 
 402, 403, 404, 
 expenses, 382, 
 391, 405, 408; 
 father, 389 ; 
 
 409, 411 ; his 
 386, 388, 390, 
 attitude to his 
 at Constance, 
 
 395 ; his entanglement, 397 ; 
 his tour in Hungary, 400 ; at 
 Berlin, 402, 403; 'meets the 
 Crown Prince, 404, 404 nl; 
 objects of his tour, 404 ; meets 
 Oxford friends, 408 ; mentioned, 
 91, 164, 180, 227, 274, 373. 
 Mrs. Lucia ; wife of Robert Palk, 
 jun., xvi ; her death, xvi, xvii, 
 202, 204 ; monument to, xvii ; 
 to go to Patna, 136 ; at Calcutta, 
 187. See Stonhouse, Lucia. 
 (Sir) Robert ; his correspond- 
 ence, iii, iv nl, xxv ; his ances- 
 try and family, iv, v ; his birth 
 and education, v ; takes holy 
 orders and becomes a naval 
 chaplain, v ; joins the Com- 
 pany as chaplain, v ; Pajnnaster 
 to the Anuy, vi ; his jxilitical 
 services, vi, xxxii, 3, 4, 30 n'i, 60, 
 97 nl ; member of the Select 
 Committee, vii ; goes to England 
 and is nominated i>rosi3ective 
 
4.55 
 
 Talk, (Sir) Robert— fOH^ 
 
 Governor, %-ii ; his marriage, viii, 
 30 n'3 ; Governor of Madras, 
 1763-67, viii, 61, 159; returns 
 to England, viii, 1-t ; acquires 
 Haldon, ix, 123 ; in Parliament, 
 i\-, S6h1, 242, 353; created a 
 baronet, x. Hi, 336, 336 n'2 ; 
 his death, x, Ixvii ; his chief 
 correspondents, xii, xiii ; states 
 causes of first ^lysore War, 
 xiv, XV, 61-63 ; his overtui-es 
 to Haidar. xv, 61 ; Rayalu 
 Pant's claim on, x%'ii, 97, 155, 
 163 ; deplores loss of Vansittart, 
 XX, 157 ; adnxonishes Tom Palk, 
 xxviii, 228 ; his house in Fort 
 St. George, xxxv, 223 h1, 251 ; 
 is reconciled to Tom Palk, xlix, 
 333 ; his MSS. on Devon, Ixiii, 
 406, 415 ; his children, Ixiii, 
 141 h2 ; executor for Dr. 
 Munio, 7 h2 ; letters to, 7-419 
 passim : letters from, 14, 59, 
 60, 68, 90, 91, 92, 96, 111, 115, 
 123, 129, 148, 149, 154, 157, 159, 
 
 169, 170, 185, 228, 240, 243; 
 his friendship for L. Sulivan, 
 30 n2 ; his London houses, 59, 
 
 170, 288 ; to solicit votes, 63 ; 
 liis concerns iii the East, 73, 
 239, 240, 241, 333 ; comments 
 on the first IMysore war, 96, 
 111 ; pleads for Bourchier, 
 105 ; his views as to Walajahs 
 creditors, 129 ; his friendship 
 for Hastings, 138 ; Walajah's 
 charges against, 140 ; his 
 anxiety for the Aurora, 154; 
 liis loan to Goodlad, 179, 180 ; 
 employs Cotsford. 199 h1 ; liis 
 Madras agents, 212 ; acts for 
 R. Palk, jun., 219 ; liis dealings 
 in India Stock, 243 ; Walajah's 
 confidence in, 269 ; Lane's 
 debt to, 281 ; Walajah's com- 
 plaint to, 305 ; Hughes's friend- 
 ship for, 331 ; his claim on 
 Droz, 384, 409 ; mentioned, 
 35, 39 Hi, 100, 134, 171 h4, 
 249, 369, 408. 
 
 Palk, Robert, jun., Bengal civil service; 
 nephew of (Sir) Robert Palk, 
 iv ; \-isits Madras, xiii, 16 ; 
 marries Lucia Stonhouse, xiii, 
 xvi, 131, 134, 1.36, 1.50; mis- 
 conduct of, xvi, 80, 92 ; at 
 Patna. xxiii, 130, 134, 136, 158, 
 187 ; restored to Patna, xxvi, 
 226j 227, 230 ; his expenditure, 
 xxvii. 215 ; his orinion of 
 
 Palk, Robert, jun. — cont. 
 
 Emelia Vansittart, xxvii, 226 ; 
 reports on Tom Palk, xxviii, 
 232 ; gives Bengal news, xxxi ; 
 his opium venture, xxxviii, 221, 
 237, 238, 239 ; lus iUness, voj-age 
 and death, Iii, hi, 333-336, 340, 
 354, 357, 358, 409 ; his effects, 
 lii-liv, 338, 339, 340, 342, 350, 
 352 ; his servants, liii, 337, 
 340, 341, 346; his passage 
 money, liii, 338 ; his stores for 
 the vovage. liii. 339 ; his estate, 
 hiii, ixi, 360, 361, 369, 408, 
 408 «1, 410; letters from, 16, 
 44, 113, 122, 130, 226, 230, 237, 
 238, 272 ; note on, 16 «2 ; his 
 bequests, 39 h1, 362, 382, 386 ill, 
 411 ; is unemploved, 45. 113, 
 187, 190, 219 ; at'Cossimbazar, 
 88, 92, 408 ; acts for his uncle, 
 112, 112 h2; aids Tom Palk, 
 135, 138, 232 ; is recalled from 
 Patna, 158, 159 ; lus son, 175 ; 
 death of his wife, 202 ; Madge's 
 projwsal to, 218; at Dacca, 
 245 ; accident to, 273 ; liis 
 remittances, 314, 333 ; sails 
 for England, 333 ; attended by 
 Dr. Burt, 336, 340; letters 
 carried by, 342, 345 ; his will, 
 343, 360 ; Droz's bond to, 384, 
 387, 409 ; mentioned, iv, iv wl, 
 xiii, 18 ill, 81, 81 h3, 115. 115 ?il, 
 170, 204, 207, 214, 220, 256, 
 282, 353. 
 
 Palk, Robert, lertius ; son of Tom Palk, 
 Ivi, 357 ; to be sent home, Ixii. 
 411, 417 ; mentioned, 372, 394. 
 
 Palk. Thomas ; great-grandfather of 
 (Sir) Robert Palk, iv. 
 
 Palk, Thomas ; imcle of (Sir) Robert 
 Palk. iv. 
 
 Palk, Lieut. Thomas ; a kinsman of 
 (Sir) Robert Palk, v, xii, 64 m5 ; 
 .serves in the Circars, v, xii, 
 64, 65 ; accompanies Hart's 
 detachment, xv, 66, 87 ; his 
 fatal expedition, xvii, 153, 156, 
 160, 161, 163; lettei-s from, 
 87, 114, 136, 153; at Konda- 
 palli, 151 ; his child, 204, 250; 
 his estate, 249, 253, 254 ; men- 
 tioned, 74 «3, 81, 81 n4, 176. 
 
 Palk, Tom ; nephew of (Sir) Robert 
 Palk, iv ; a cadet and after- 
 wards civil servant, v. xii. 
 74 7i3 ; his voyage to and 
 arrival in India, xv, xv h1, 
 18, 18 Hi, 74, 74 n3, 81 ; joins 
 the armv in Mysore, xv, 81 
 
456 
 
 Palk, Tom — cont. 
 
 83, 83 m6, 87, 93, 94, 108; is 
 transferred to the civil service, 
 xvii, xviii, 91, 104, 110; is 
 commended, xviii, 103, 108, 
 166 ; A-isits Trichinopoly, xxvii, 
 163 ; visits Calcutta, xxvii, 
 202, 204, 207, 219; appointed 
 to Masulipatam, xxviii, xxx^^, 
 218 ; his extravagance, 229, 
 232 ; is admonished h\ his 
 uncle, xxviii, 129, 228, "^229; 
 his reform, xxviii, xlv, Ixii, 401, 
 411 ; his marriage, xliv, 247 n\, 
 
 313 ; is superseded, xlv, 318 ; 
 Paymaster at Trichinopoly, xlv, 
 Iv, 354, 357, 358, 411, 417; 
 criticizes Pvumbold, xlviii, 327, 
 
 328 ; is forgiven by his uncle, 
 xlix, 333 ; his children, Ivi, 
 ]xii, 357, 372, 394, 411, 417; 
 describes desolation of the 
 Camatic, Ivii, 371 ; receives a 
 legacy, Iviii, 362, 382, 386, 
 386 nl, 408; criticizes David- 
 son's rule, Ix, 386, 392; his 
 remittances, Ixii, 380, 381, 386, 
 401, 403, 411, 417; acquires 
 Butterford, Ixiii ; Olive's in- 
 terest in, 59, 59 n5 ; is recom- 
 mended to Goodlad, 69, 97 ; 
 letters from, 74, 81, 118, 119, 
 138, 150, 152, 153, 174, 202, 
 204, 207, 214, 218, 249, 265, 
 313, 321, 327, 329, 351, 358, 
 360, 370, 372, 380, 381, 386, 
 392, 401, 403, 411, 417 ; leaves 
 the army reluctantlv, 101, 103, 
 108, 110, 139; his mother's 
 wish. 111 ; his salary and allow- 
 ance, 1 1 8, 266 ; begins private 
 trade, 118, 135; serves under 
 Goodlad, 135, 138 ; his atten- 
 tion to John Palk, 151 ; 
 executor for his cousins, 161, 
 204, 249, 253; applies to 
 occupy his uncle's house, 208 ; 
 letters to, 228, 249 ; meets R. 
 Welland, 254, 256 ; grieves at 
 his uncle's displeasure, 265, 
 
 329 ; his debt to Wynch, 266, 
 272 ; Perring's interest in, 314, 
 
 314 ?;2 ; appointed to Chingle- 
 put but superseded, 315, 316, 
 318, 321, 327; proposes to 
 visit England, 419 ; mentioned, 
 XXXV, Ixi, 64;(5, 84, 114, 115, 
 I Hi. 131, 136, 141, 147, 150, 
 214, 259. 
 
 Palk, Tom, jun., son of Tom Palk, hi ; 
 is sent to England, hi, Ixii, 351, 
 
 Palk, Tom, jun. — cont. 
 
 357 ; his school, Ixii, 372, 374, 
 374 n4 ; his first school bill, 
 Ixii, 375 ; his passage money, 
 351 ; arrives at Haldon, 358, 
 372 ; his portrait desired, 358 ; 
 news expected of, 371 ; his 
 progress, 411. 
 
 Palk, Walter (d. cir. 1679), great-grand- 
 uncle of (Sir) Robert Palk, iv. 
 
 Palk, Walter (b 1659), grandfather of 
 (Sir) Robert Palk, iv, 229, 
 229 n3. 
 
 Palk, Walter (b. 1686), father of (Sir) 
 Robert Palk, iv, 229. 229 «2. 
 
 Palk, Walter, (b. 1714), brother of (Sir) 
 Robert Palk, iv, 16 n2, 18 «1, 
 39 wl ; liis house at YoUand 
 Hill, 231 n2 ; mentioned, 64 n5, 
 74 m3, 88, 88?i4, 113, 113 7i4, 
 115, 115 n2, 174, 229, 229 »1, 
 354, 354 n2. 
 
 Palk, Walter (b. 1742), nephew of 
 (Sir) Robert Palk, iv, 122; 
 letter to, 374 ; note on, 374 n3 ; 
 letter from, 381 ; his purchases, 
 411, 411 /il ; mentioned, 386. 
 
 Palks, The Cornish ; Lieut. Thomas 
 Palk and Ensign John Palk {q.v.) 
 so tenued, 249. 
 
 Palmaner, Pass of, 43, 43 nl. 
 
 Palmer, Archdale ; member of the 
 Majority, xl, 289, 294, 306; 
 opposes Walajah, 246 ; note 
 on, 246 h5 ; verdict against, 
 315 n\ ; mentioned, 255. 
 
 Pandal, 311, 311 ?22. 
 
 Panipat, Battle of, in 1761 ; xxxvi, 
 281 n\, n2. 
 
 Panjalam Kurichi, Pannyallum Crutch, 
 25. 
 
 Parker, Captain J. N., 163, 163 n3. 
 
 Parliament ; Acts of, xxxii, xxxiii, 
 Ivii, hiii, 362, 377 ; controls the 
 Company, 105 ; orders enquiry 
 regarding IncUa, 185 ; will 
 frame laws for India, 203 ; dis- 
 solution of, 244 ; members of, 
 ix, XXV, xxix, 86 >tl, 185, 186, 
 193, 212, 214, 242, 353. 
 
 Parry, Edward, xxvii, xxvii »1, 
 248 n4. 
 
 Parrj% Mrs. Emelia, 248, 248/(4, 317, 
 317 nl. See Vansittart, Emelia, 
 jun. 
 
 Parumna, 233, 233 n'i. 
 
 Pascal, INIary, 360 «1. 
 
 Pasley, Dr. Gilbert ; attends Goodlad, 
 xxix, 211,211 «1 ; attends Lonl 
 Pigot, xliv ; note on, 73 n2 ; 
 attends Madge 223, 223 «3 ; will 
 
457 
 
 Pasley, Dr. Gilbert — coni. 
 
 attend Kcuuaway, 315 ; men- 
 tioned, 73. 
 
 Passage money ; for R. Palk, jun., liii, 
 338; for Dr. Burt, liii, 340, 
 342, 361 ; for Tom Palk, jun., 
 351 ; receijits of a commander 
 for, h-iii, 376. 
 
 Passes, Carnatic ; Changama, 1 ; Man- 
 galpetta, 23 ; from ^Mysore, 34 ; 
 Palmaner, 43, 43 «1 ; Kada- 
 panattam, 43, 43 «1, 48 ; Jega- 
 devi, 44, 44 «1 ; troops to 
 defend, 47 ; possession desired 
 of, 49 ; taken by Haidar, 63 ; 
 closed by Tipu, Ix, 381 ; men- 
 tioned, xxi. 
 
 Patan Nawabs, 393. 
 
 Patna ; Revenue Council at, xvi, 130, 
 158 ; Hastings's mission to, 
 xxvi, 124 n2 ; H. Muni-o suc- 
 ceeds Carnac at, xlv ; massacre 
 at, 122 n2 ; R. Palk, jmi., at, 
 136, 175, 187, 226, 227, 230; 
 McGwire as Chief at, 171 ; H. 
 Vansittart, jun., at, 190, 215 ; 
 G. Vansittart at, 202, 207 ; 
 opium revenue from, 231 ; views 
 of, 238 ; Carnac succeeds Cail- 
 laud at, 310 wl. 
 
 Patthagarh, Pattagur, 187, 187 «2. 
 
 Paupa Braminj", jiui. (V. Papaiva), 
 91 ill. 
 
 Pay ; of armv is in arrear, Iv, Ivi, l\ii, 
 lix, Ixi', 354, 359, 372, 381, 393 ; 
 of civil servants is in arrear, 
 Iv, l\rli, 354, 364 ; reduction of 
 civil, Iviii, 361, 376; of a 
 temporary writer, 98; of a 
 covenanted writer, 108. 
 
 Payengaut, Pain Gaut, Payen Gatte ; 
 the passes to be part of the, 34 ; 
 etymologj' of the term, 34 n 1 ; 
 threat against, 116; chant for 
 the, 237. 
 
 Payne, John ; extracts from Orme's 
 letter to, vi, xi, xWii ; men- 
 tioned, xviii nl. 
 
 Peach, Colonel Joseph ; his detach- 
 ment, xiv ; arrives from Bengal, 
 XV, 68 ; defeats Narayan Deo, 
 XXX, 68 n2, 191 nl ; supersedes 
 Hart, 68, 87 ; note on, 68 nl ; 
 marches on Hyderabad, 199. 
 
 Pearse, Colonel Thomas Deane ; his 
 Bengal contingent, 1, lii, 343 nl ; 
 returns to Bengal, Iv, 352, 362 ; 
 note on, 352 nl. 
 
 Pechell, ilr., ix, 63. 
 
 Peckham, William, 350. 
 
 Peddanaikpetta, 218 n3. 
 
 Pcddapore (Peddapuram), 23. 
 
 Pelling & de Fries ; the tirni of, 
 xxxiii, 90 nl, 247 nl ; advise 
 Palk, xhiii, 326 ; commend 
 Call, lix, 371 ; anticipate 
 trouble, Ix, 392 ; criticize 
 Davidson's rule, Ix, 392 ; re- 
 mittance through, 150 ; sell 
 Vansittart's house, 247 ; letters 
 from, 326. 333, 371, 380, 392, 
 401, 410, 414, 417, 419 ; refuse 
 to represent Macleane, 331 ; 
 mentioned, xliv, Iv, Ixi, Ixii, 
 241. See Fries, John de. See 
 Pelling, Thomas, jun. 
 
 Pelling, Ann ; marriages of, 166 »2, 
 247 )il, 365 h2. See Oats, ^^ee 
 Lang. 
 
 Pelling, Catharine ; marries Tom Palk, 
 xliv, 247 nl, 313. See Palk, 
 Mrs. Catharine. 
 
 Pelling, Elizabeth, 247 «1, 394 n2. See 
 Gibson, Elizabeth. 
 
 Pelling, Mary, 247 nl. 
 
 Pelling, Sophia, 247 nl. 
 
 Pelling, Thomas, sen., 247 nl. 
 
 Pelling, Thomas, jun., free merchant, 
 xxxiii ; joins d'Fries, xxxiii ; 
 his daughters, xliv, 166 «2, 313, 
 365 «2 ; his grandsons, Ixii, 
 393 ; note on, 247 nl ; letters 
 from, 321, 393, 406. 
 
 Pemble, Mr., 7. 
 
 Penny, The Rev. Frank, lx\'ii. 
 
 Peon, 20, 20 n2. 
 
 Perpetuanoes. See Textiles. 
 
 Perring, Peter ; a member of Comacil, 
 xliv, 314, 314 ?2l ; on special 
 duty, 264, 264 ?t3 ; returns from 
 England, 313 ; his interest in 
 Tom Palk, 314, 314 n2, 315; 
 is deputed to Tanjore, 315 ; 
 mentioned. 333. 
 
 Persia, 131. 
 
 Persian language ; H. Vansittart's 
 study of, 180, 190, 227; 
 Chambers's proficiency in, 258. 
 
 Persian Translator ; Clavering's, xxxiii, 
 262 ; S. Sulivan, as, xlix, 
 329 n2, 332 ; office of the, 219, 
 222 ; at Calcutta, 227 ; R. 
 Goodlad as, 272. 
 
 Pery, Mr., liv, 347. 
 
 Peshcush, Piscash, tribute ; payable 
 by Mysore to Nizam, 33, 33 n2 ; 
 to be paid by the Company 
 to the Exchequer, 72. 
 
 Peshkdr. steward, 206. 
 
 Peshwa, The ; alliance proposed with, 
 xxiv, 182 ; Narayan Rao's son 
 as, li ; Madhu Rao as, 116 
 
458 
 
 Peshwa, The — cont. 
 
 116 n2 ; called The Nana, 280, 
 280 nl, French envoy to, 
 317 n4. See Madhu Rao. See 
 Xarayan Rao. 
 
 Petre, Mr., 170. 
 
 Petre, Mr. (John Petrie ?), xxvii, 232, 
 2.32 Hi. 
 
 Petrie, William ; Secretary to Govern- 
 ment, xxix, 212, 213 ; recom- 
 mended, 196 ; note on, 196 nl ; 
 letter from, 210 ; Judge Advo- 
 cate General, 212 ; administers 
 Goodlad's estate, 222 ;• visits 
 England, 260, 260 »1 ; men- 
 tioned, 216, 419. 
 
 Petty, John, Earl Wycombe, 388, 
 389, 395. 
 
 Petty, William, Earl of Shelburne. 
 See Shelburne. See Lansdowne. 
 
 Philadelphia, 363. 
 
 Philliiis, Ann, 95, 95 n4. 
 
 Phipps, :\1];., 69. 
 
 Phipps, Mr., jim., 92. 
 
 Phipps, ]\lrs. 92. 
 
 Phousdar (faiijddr) ; of Khammamett, 
 66, 67 ; etymolog}-, 66 »2 ; at 
 Tanjore, 254, 254 n2. 
 
 Phousdari (fanjdari), 181, 181 «2. 
 
 Piece-goods. See Textiles. 
 
 Pignon, M., 397. 
 
 Pigot, Dr., 6, 6 «4. 
 
 Pigot, George, Lord ; arrives as 
 Governor of Madras, xxxviii, 
 257, 258, 259, 260, 270, 282, 
 284 ; his previous adminis- 
 tration, xxxviii, 140, 253, 296, 
 305 ; his dealings with Wala- 
 jah, xxxix, 259, 266, 268, 275, 
 296 ; is deputed to Tanjore, 
 xxxix, 276, 277 ; reinstates the 
 Raja, xxxix, 276, 277, 279, 
 283, 296 ; arrests the Nawab's 
 manager, xL 283 ; his minority 
 in Council, xl, 285 ; suspends 
 Stratton and Brooke, xU, 285, 
 289. 300, 306 ; is arrested and 
 conHned, xli, 286, 288, 289, 
 292, 295, 296, 297, 298, 300, 
 301, 304, 306, 312; resists 
 removal, xlii, 287, 289 ; charges 
 against, xlii, 291, 293, 298, 299 ; 
 his suggested motives, xlii, 298, 
 299 ; proposal to deport, xliii, 
 311, 312; illness and death of, 
 xliv ; infjiiest on, xliv, 315, 
 315 n\ ; expected as Governor, 
 2.32, 247, 251, 253, 254, 255, 
 25(5; orders troops to Tanjore, 
 263 ; his courtesy to Wjnch, 
 265 ; his charge against Mac- 
 
 Pigot, George, Lord — cont. 
 
 pherson, 270 ; brings orders 
 regarding Tanjore, 273, 274, 
 301, 308 ; his measures dis- 
 approved, 276, 288, 293, 297, 
 301, 306 ; his gifts to the Raja, 
 278 ; appHes for a writ, 287, 
 295 ; alleged plot against, 
 291 112, 302, 303, 304 ; his 
 action criticized, 296, 297 ; his 
 military commission, 300 ; 
 claims Hughes's protection, 302 ; 
 claims damages, 307, 309 ; fails 
 to correspond ■iWth Bengal, 308 ; 
 retains keys, 311 ; appeal to, 
 
 366 ; his promises to Zemindars, 
 
 367 ; mentioned, ra, xii, xxx, 
 XXXV, 51 h2, 109 »1, 113 )i6, 
 163 n2, 197, 246 «5, 366. 
 
 Pigot, I>eonora ; engagement and mar- 
 riage of, xliii, xlv, 299, 314 ; at 
 Admiralty House, 258, 258 ?il. 
 
 Pigot, Sophia ; her marriage, xl, 
 146 »2, 279, 279 «1, 299; at 
 Admiralty House, 258, 258 n\. 
 
 Pigou, Miss, 73. 
 
 Pigou, Commander Peter, 271. 
 
 Pincke, Thor.ias Alured, 95, 95 «2. 
 
 Piscash. Sec Peshcush. 
 
 Pitt, William, Earl of Chatham, 6, 30, 
 356. 
 
 Pitt, William, jun.; his India Bill, 362, 
 377, 410 ; mentioned, 356. 
 
 Plassey, Battle of ; Rumbold wounded 
 at, xlv, 315 iiA ; Eyre Coote at, 
 8?i5; Barker at, 112 nl. 
 
 Playdell (or PleydeU), Charies Stafford ; 
 his loan to Vansittart, 128, 
 128 nl ; dismissal of, 252 ; 
 note on, 252 vA. 
 
 Plenipotentiary, The ; arrival of, xx, 
 132 n2 ; supports Walajah, xxi, 
 137 ; his influence over Wala- 
 jah, xxiv, 145 ; altercations 
 with, 132, 137, 139, 140, 143; 
 his threats, 138, 173 ; his 
 powers, 145, 158 ; injures the 
 Company, 183, 185, 186, 213. 
 See Lindsay. See Harland. 
 
 Pleydell, Charies Stafford. See Play- 
 dell. 
 
 Plowman, Henry, 45 «6, 92, 92 n\, 93. 
 
 Plowman, Mrs., 45. 
 
 Plumer, Hall, xlviii, 328, 328 nl. 
 
 Plymouth, 123. 
 
 Pocock, Admiral Sir George, 52 ; note 
 on, 52 n2. 
 
 Point de Galle, 168. 
 
 Point Palmoiras, 54. 
 
 Police ; Board of, xix ; superintendent 
 of, 252, 252 w4. 
 
459 
 
 Poligar of Etaiyapiiram, 25. 
 Poligar, Naalcooty. See Xalkottai. 
 Poligars of the Circars ; Nizam settles 
 
 with, 23 ; note on, 23 i?3 ; fail 
 
 to aid the Nizam, 67 ; JMadgc 
 
 operates against, 136. 
 Poligars, Northern ; o])erations 
 
 against, 63 ni, 153, 418 7i3. 
 Poligars, Southern ; rebellion of, xv, 
 
 25 ; operations against, xxviii, 
 
 26 7(3, 176 »3, 194, 351 «3 ; dis- 
 affection among, 62 ; their 
 soldiers called Colleries, 194 nl. 
 
 Polilur ; first battle of, 1 ; second 
 battle of, 1, li, Hi, 147 h4, 
 271 n2, 352 wl. 
 
 Pondicherry ; Boscawen's siege of, 
 V, xi, XXXV, 171 n3 ; Palk and 
 Vansittart at, vi, 30 nS ; de- 
 fences of, xxxii, 93, 110, 196, 
 235, 253, 311, 380; Jean Law 
 as Governor of, xxxii, 35, 35 n2 ; 
 137, 131 nl, 174; siege and 
 capture of (1761), xxxviii, 12 nl, 
 ?)2, 22 «4 ; siege and capitula- 
 tion (1778), xM, xMi, 317 n2, 
 323, 324, 325, 326 ; demolition 
 of its fortifications, xlrii, 360 nl; 
 held by the British, Iv, 355; 
 death of Bussy at, Ivii, 363, 
 364 ; American sliip at, Ivii, 
 363 ; restored to the French, 
 Ivii, 364 ; Mysore attempts 
 relief of, 62 ; the Morses 
 prisoners at, 83 «1 ; French 
 force at, 134, 137, 196, 355, 372, 
 380 ; trade at, 152, 253 ; cap- 
 ture of (1793), 176 ?^3 ; system 
 of Government at, 225, 235, 
 311 ; British passengers sail 
 from, 271 ; Bellecombe as 
 Governor of, 312, 325 ; French 
 fleet at, 322 ; British Resident 
 at, 355 ; an open town, 402 ; 
 mentioned, 210. 
 
 Poona, Ponnah ; Ministerial party 
 at, xxxiv, 257, 282 ; St. Lubin 
 at, xlvi, 317 «4 ; Upton as 
 envoy to, 251, 253, 255, 258; 
 seat of the Maratha government, 
 256 ; British advance on, 258 ; 
 Walajah'senvoy to, 258 ; treaty 
 signed at, 273, 301 ; Raghoba 
 invited to, 309 ; Durbar jealous 
 of Sindia, 369. 
 
 Poonamallee ; rented by Walajah, 
 xlviii nl ; mutiny at, hd, 363, 
 364 ; training of cadets at, 
 
 Poonamallee — conf. 
 
 136, 141 ; Coote's regiment at, 
 151 ; recruits at, 193; French 
 prisoners at, 325 ; note on, 
 .325 n6. 
 
 Popham, Major William, xlix, 1. 
 
 Popinjays. See Textiles. 
 
 Portledge ; library at, Ixiii, 406 nl, 
 415, 415 n2. 
 
 Porto Novo ; battle of, 1, 8 n5, 352 nl ; 
 French landing at, 1. 
 
 Post, Letter ; plan for, xxxi, 238, 
 238 nl. 
 
 Post Office ; letters censored bj^ 97. 
 
 Potsdam ; Frederick the Great at, 
 Ixv, 403, 404 ; Crown Prince 
 of Prussia at, 404. 
 
 Potter, James ; letter to, 239. 
 
 Pourtales, Messrs. ; receipts from, 
 390, 391 ; credit with, 397. 
 
 Povery, Lieut. Peter James, 23. 
 
 Po-miey, IMrs. Catherine ; is inoculated, 
 79 ; note on, 79 n2. 
 
 Powney, Catherine Ann ; her marriage, 
 Iviii, 360 n2. See Vansittart, 
 JMrs. Catherine. 
 
 Powney, Commander John, 14 ??2, 
 19 nl, 22 nl, 79 n2. 
 
 Powney, Mxs. Mary ; letter from, 9 ; 
 note on, 19 nl ; Palk's friend- 
 ship for, 360. 
 
 Powney, Thomas, 79 n2. 
 
 Powney, William ; his voyage, 14, 
 14 n2, 19, 29. 
 
 Prangin, Mme. de, 398. 
 
 Presburg, 400. 
 
 Preston, A., 64. 
 
 Preston, Ensign Henry ; arrives as 
 cadet, lii, ; letters from, 336<i', 
 352 ; his voyage to India, 
 336 ; note on, 336 nl ; joins 
 Colonel Pearse, 352, 413, 413 nl. 
 
 Preston, Ensign William ; escorts Tom 
 Palk's family, Ixiii, 419 ; letters 
 from, 370, 419 ; note on, 
 370 nl ; his family, 413, 413 n2. 
 
 Price, Commander Joseph ; his involv- 
 ed affairs, 237 ; conduct of, 238 ; 
 letter from, 239; \'ilifies Francis. 
 377 ; defends Hastings, 377 «2. 
 
 Pridhamsleigh, 245 nl. 
 
 Priestaford, iv. 
 
 Prince of Wales's Island, 196 nl. 
 
 Prisoners. British ; restored by Tipu, 
 lii, 355 nl. 
 
 Prisoners, French ; restored to Pondi- 
 cherrv, 62 ; disposal of, 325, 
 325 n5. 
 
 (1) Tlic naval action between Hughes and SulTi-on described l)y Prestcjn as taking- 
 phi cc on the 22nd June, 1783, off Trincomalec, was actually fought on the 20th June 
 off Cuddalore. It was the last of five engagements, all indecisive. 
 
460 
 
 Prussia, Crown Prince of, Ixvi, 404, 
 404 nl, 407. 
 
 Prussia, Frederick the Great, King of ; 
 at Potsdam, Ixv ; critical con- 
 dition of, 403, 403 «4, 404 ; his 
 army, 405 ; his death, 409. 
 
 Prussia, Frederick William II, King 
 of, 412. 
 
 Pudukottai, 26 «1. 
 
 Pulicat ; capture of, 1 ; vessel ashore 
 at, 314. 
 
 Purandhar, Treaty of. See Treaties. 
 
 Purling, John ; Goodlad's correspond- 
 ence ^dth, 129, 155, 163, 166, 
 186 ; Chairman of Directors, 
 129 Jii, 157; mentioned, 186, 
 186 722, 24.3, 244. 
 
 Pumea, 222. 
 
 Pumell, George ; letters from, 44, 88 ; 
 free merchant, 44 n3 ; men- 
 tioned, 241. 
 
 Pushpanatha Nainar, 19. 
 
 Putney, 242. 
 
 Pybus, John ; aids Clive at Aicot. 
 xii, 17 7(1, 246 «3 ; describes 
 military operations, xv, 48-50 ; 
 prepares for England, 17, 51 ; 
 his career, 17 ?il ; letter from, 
 48 ; his reception of Call and, 
 56 ; expected in England, 63, 
 63 n2 ; Calland's threat against, 
 70, 71 ; bills drawn on, 113 ; 
 mentioned, 64, 286 ?;1. 364. 
 
 Pybus, Airs. Martha, 17, 17 nl, 51. See 
 Small. 
 
 Pybus, Martha, jun., 286 nl, 307. 
 
 Pybus, Patrick, 48. 
 
 Pye, John ; Navj^ agent, xii, 5 /? 1 ; 
 letter from, 5. 
 
 Pyne, George, 179, 179 ii\. 
 
 Quarter Sessions, xliv, 311, 315 «l. 
 Queda, Quedda (Kedah) ; Roman 
 
 Church Mission at, 10, 10 ?i4 ; 
 
 commercial mission to, 146 ii2. 
 
 174 ; mentioned, 54. 
 
 Rackobah, Rakobah. See Raghoba. 
 
 Raganout Row. See Raghoba. 
 
 Ragapatam, 153. 
 
 Raghoba (Raghunath Rao) ; com- 
 mands the Maratha arm}', xxxii, 
 210; instigates murder of his 
 nephew, xxxii, 237 hI, 251, 
 251 71 1 ; makes terms with 
 Nizam and Haidar, xxxii, 235, 
 237 ; is su])p()rted by IJonxbay 
 
 Raghoba — cont. * 
 
 Council, xxxiv, xlvi ; is aban- 
 doned by the British, xxx^'i, 
 273, 309 ; reaches Surat, xlvi ; 
 escapes from Sindia and joins 
 Goddard, xlix ; is pensioned, li, 
 282 ; assumes the Peshwa-ship, 
 237, 251, 256; is attacked by 
 Narayan's party, 239 ; joins 
 Bombay against the Ministerial 
 party, 249, 251, 256 ; transfers 
 territory to Haidar, 252 ; his 
 relations with Sudaba, 281, 
 281 nl, 309 ; takes refuge at 
 Bombay, 309. 
 
 Raghoji Angria, 281 nl. 
 
 Raghunath Rao, Ragonada Raw, Rago- 
 nath Row, Ragonaud Raw. 
 See Raghoba. 
 
 Ragu Raz, Ragorauze, 43, 48. 
 
 Raichore, 414. 
 
 Raitt, Thomas, 110, 110 «5. 
 
 Raja Gurdas, 191, 206. 
 
 Raja Mall. See Rajmahal. 
 
 Rajahmundry, 48, 160. 
 
 Rajah Pandit, alias Rayalu Pant ; Ms 
 claim on Palk, xvii, 97, 97 n2, 
 111, 122, 147, 155, 155 n2, 163, 
 169 ; Renter of San Thome, &c., 
 97 ; his indebtedness, 108, 
 108 n2. 110. 
 
 Rajapalaiyam, RajapoUam, 25. 
 
 Raja Sahib. See Raza Sahib. 
 
 Raja of Totapalli, 153. 
 
 Rajmahrd, 190. 
 
 Rajputs, 2. 
 
 Rakobah. See Raghoba. 
 
 Ram, George Andrew, xliv, 315 n2. 
 
 Ramakrishna, Rama Kisna ; letters 
 from, 19, 57, 76, 94, 104 ; death 
 of, 154 ; his Charity Choultry, 
 154; mentioned, 19 n4. 
 
 Ramanaiya, Ramanaiyaka, 20, 21, 77. 
 
 Ramnad, Ramanadapuram ; attacked 
 by Tanjore, xxiii, 155 ; sack 
 of, xxviii, 193 ; the Maravar of, 
 xxxi.x, 26 h4, 174, 278. See 
 also Maravar. 
 
 Rampa Hills, xvii. 
 
 Randall, A\'illiam ; his alleged plot, 291, 
 291 «2 ; affida^-its as to, 303. 
 
 Ranga Rao, 367. 
 
 Rani-beddalure, 35. 
 
 Raon, Dom Joseph, 53. 53 n2, 54. 
 
 Rashboots. See Rajputs. 
 
 Ray ad rug, 47, 47 nl. 
 
 Rayalu Pant, Royala Punt. See 
 Rajah Pandit. 
 
 Raydrugure. See Rayadrug. 
 
 Raza Sahib, Raza Khan, 61 ni, 181, 
 181 nl. 
 
461 
 
 Rea. See Coinage. 
 
 Recreations. See Auiust'iiients. See 
 
 Sport. 
 Red Sea, 332. 
 Regiments :— 
 
 14th Foot (Clayton's Regt.), x. 
 39th Foot (Adlercron's Regt.), 
 
 X, 73 »2, 310 Hi. 
 52nd Foot, 3G3, 3(54. 
 79th Footi" (Draper's Regt.), 
 8n4, 12/(2, 68, 68 »3, 72 ?i3, 
 86, 100. 
 84th Foot (Coote's Regt.), 151. 
 89th Foot, xlv, 317 «2. 
 96th Foot, 50 ?iG. 
 98th Foot, 351 «3. 
 100th Foot, 359 nl. 
 102nd Foot<^', 360. 
 Madras European Regiment, 
 
 121 h3. 
 3rd Madras Native Infantry, 
 115. 
 l^egulating Act. See Act. 
 Regulations, Revenue, 233. 
 Reid (or Reed), John, 130. 
 Remittance ; by diamonds, xxxviii, 
 21, 21 h2, 73 ; difficulties of, 
 93 ; in gold. 237, 252, 264 ; by 
 Navy bills, 328, 331, 333. 
 Rendell, Commander, 353. 
 Rennell, Major James ; his career, 
 xxiii ; letters from, 167, 260 ; 
 jjrogress of his survey, 167 ; 
 notes on, 167 h1, 260 «2, «3 ; 
 his children, 261, 261 nl ; men- 
 tioned, xiii. 
 Rennell, Mrs. Jane, 260, 260 «3, 261. 
 
 See Thackeray. 
 Rental General and Scavenger, 54 nl. 
 Renter ; of Chicacole, 65 ; of San 
 Thome, &c., 97 ; of Tinnevelly, 
 225 ; for lietel and tobacco, 
 235. 
 Renters of Bengal, 226. 
 Respondentia bonds, iii, 5, 5 /;3, 73, 
 
 333. 
 Reuss, Prince de, 403, 403 «3. 
 R6union, 72 nl. See Islands, The. 
 Revenue ; Councils for Bengal and 
 Bihar, xxiii, 1.30, 230, 231 ; 
 regulations in Bengal, xxxi, 233 ; 
 Madras Board of, Ixii, 402, 413 ; 
 Calcutta system of, 207 ; Bengal 
 Department of, 228. 
 Revolution in Madras, The ; events of, 
 xli-xliii, 284-302 ; Directors' 
 decision on, xliv, 312, 314 lil, 
 317 nd ; Baker's account of. 
 
 Revolution in Madras — cont. 
 
 284-288 ; Chokappa's account 
 of, 289, 290; G. Smith's ac- 
 count of, 290-292 ; D'Fries's 
 account of, 292-295, 306, 307 ; 
 documents regarding, 294, 
 295 ; Muttukrishna's account 
 of, 296 ; Floyer's account of, 
 298-301 ; precedent cited for, 
 298 n2 ; effected peacefully, 
 300; Hughes's account of, 301, 
 302 ; Baker's comments on, 308. 
 
 Rice ; price of, 226. 
 
 Richardson, Commander George ; en- 
 quiry into his conduct, 17, 
 17 ??2 ; carries documents, 52, 
 79 ; mentioned, 38. 
 
 Riddell, Commander Thomas, 69. 
 
 Roberts, Francis, 346, 346 nl. 
 
 Roberts, John, 304, 304 wl. 
 
 Roberts, Letitia, 124 n2. See Ironside. 
 
 Roberts, Rev. Robert, 124 «2. 
 
 Roberts, Captain Roger E., xxxiii, 262. 
 
 Robertson, Rev. Andrew, 8, 8 nS. 
 
 Robins, Benjamin, 22 w4. 
 
 Rochford, George, xxvii, 232, 232 n2. 
 
 Rohillas, The ; cause of war with, xxxi, 
 xxxiii, 227 n2 ; the Mogul de- 
 feats, 187; mentioned, 112 /il. 
 
 Rohilkhand ; Marathas withdraw from, 
 xxvi, 192. 
 
 Ross, Andrew ; his obstructiveness, 46 ; 
 note on, 46 nl ; remonstrance 
 of, 216, 216 «1 ; api^lies to the 
 Supreme Court, 311. 
 
 Ross, Mrs. Mary Clara, 317. 
 
 Ross, Colonel Patrick ; Chief Engineer, 
 XXXV, 314 ; note on, 314 «3 ; 
 visits England, 317. 
 
 Rous, Thomas, 106, 106 7i2, 
 
 Rous, Commander Thomas Bates ; 
 commands the Britannia, 113, 
 118 ; note on, 1 13 n5. 
 
 Rowe, Mr., 415. 
 
 Royala Punt. See Rajah Pandit. 
 
 Roy Royan, Royryan (Rairaiyan), 207, 
 207 n2, 233, 233 n2. 
 
 Ruby Brokerage, 310. 
 
 Rukn-ud-daula, Ruccun ud Dowlah ; 
 the Nizam's Minister, xiv, 47, 
 47 m2 ; negotiates a treaty, 
 xiv, 108. 
 
 Rumbold, Sir Thomas ; his prosjiects 
 of ruling Bengal, xxv, 157, 
 157 «3 : Governor of Madras, 
 xliv, 315, 317, 318, 321 ; his 
 career, xlv, 315 n4 ; is created 
 a baronet, xlvii, 331 nl ; 
 
 (1) Disbanded in 1766. Raised as a Highland regiment in 1793. 
 
 (2) Raisrd in 1781 ;iiid disliandod in 1781. 
 
462 
 
 Rumbold, Sir Thomas — conf. 
 
 negotiates ■svith Basalat Jang, 
 xhai ; his discourtesy, xhdii, 
 328; resigns, xlviii, xlix, 331, 
 333 ; in Parliament, 186 ; 
 Directors' orders to, 321 ; criti- 
 cism of, 327, 329 ; petitions to, 
 365, 366 ; alleged venality of, 
 366 ; his secretary, 380 yi2 ; 
 mentioned, lix, 29 »2, 322, 324, 
 342. 
 
 Rumbold, Captain William, xlvii, 326. 
 
 Russell, Claud ; member of the Minor- 
 ity, xl, 294, 306 ; nominated 
 Resident at Tanjore, xli, xliii, 
 284, 289, 299, 306 ; claims pro- 
 tection for Pigot, xlii, 290 ; 
 suspended by the Majority, xlii, 
 292, 295, 298, 300, 306 ; marries 
 Leonora Pigot and leaves India, 
 xlv, 314 ; note on, 15 ?j3 ; sails 
 from Bengal, 168 ; returns to 
 Madras, 257, 257 «1, 259 ; mem- 
 ber of Circuit Committee, 268, 
 272, 285, 289, 299, 306; sup- 
 ports Lord Pigot, 289 ; nomi- 
 nated Second of Comicil, 294 ; 
 gives an entertainment, 311 ; 
 Chief at Vizagapatam, 367 ; 
 mentioned, xxxviii, 15, 54, 258, 
 270, 278, 281, 303. 
 
 Russia ; declares war on Turkey, Ixvi, 
 412; Empress of, 395, 412, 
 412 ?t2. 
 
 Sadleir, Anthony; aids Whitehill 
 xliv ; is commissioned to Tipu, 
 lii, 355, 355 nl ; his duel with 
 Macartney, Ivi, 359, 359 »1, 
 364 ; sails for England, 93, 96 ; 
 his career, 96 »2 ; Resident at 
 Bandannalanka, 264, 264 ?i2 ; 
 his treatment of the people, 
 264 ; enquiry into his conduct, 
 264 ; his charges against 
 Daniell, 380, 381 ; Chief at 
 ]\lasulipatam, 380, 381 ; re- 
 called, 393. 
 
 Sadr Afhllat, chief court, 233, 233 n~. 
 
 Sridr Diirnvi AdCihtt, chief civil court, 
 233, 233 /*9. 
 
 H(tdr Nizdviat Adcdut, chief criminal 
 court, 233. 233 » 13. 
 
 Sadras ; mission of Palk and Vansit- 
 tart to, vi, 30 ?(3, 60, 97 ?il ; 
 lady prisoners at, xxxiv ; cap- 
 tured by the British, 1 ; 
 
 Sadras — cant. 
 
 occupied by the French, 83 n\ ; 
 ^^Teck near, 91 n2 ; Jean Law 
 at, 356. 
 
 Safdar Ali, Xawab of the Camatic, 
 106 w4. 
 
 Sahu Raja, 2, 2 n2. 
 
 Saif-ud-daula, Xawab of Bengal ; ill- 
 ness of, 126 ; note on, 126 ?*5. 
 
 Saif-ul-mulk, son of Walajah, 59 n\. 
 
 St. Helena ; G. Vansittart at, xxxAdii ; 
 Palk at, 55, 71 ; the Bazetts of, 
 129 ??2; Comeille of, 274, 
 274 n2 ; mentioned, 51, 109. 
 
 St. Ignatius's beans, 93, 93 7i2. 
 
 St. Jago. See Santiago. 
 
 St. Lubin, Chevalier, xl\-i, 317, 317 «4. 
 
 St. Rita ; church of, 11 Jil. 
 
 St. Thonias ; shrine of, 10 «1. 
 
 St. Thomas's Moimt ; Haidar Ali at, 
 xiv, xvi, 30 Hi, 42 «2, 105, 106 ; 
 Lord Pigot confined at, xli, 
 286, 289, 290, 292, 295, 296, 
 301, 306, 312; attempted re- 
 moval of Pigot from, xlii, 287, 
 289, 290 ; Pigot brought from, 
 xliv ; Walajah visits, 28, 83 ; 
 note on, 28 «1 ; raided by 
 Haidar's cavalry, 57 ; Law- 
 rence's house at, 58, 83 «7 ; 
 Caillaud's action at, 102 «1 ; 
 Morse's house at, 119, 135; 
 artillery headquarters at, 300, 
 301 ; Stone resides at, 309, 313 ; 
 convivialities at, 311 ; mutiny 
 at, 360 n I ; mentioned, 48, 
 48 h2. 
 
 St. Thome See San Thome. 
 
 Salaries, Civil. See Pay. 
 
 Salbai, Treaty of. See Treaties. 
 
 iSalcmporcs. See Textiles. 
 
 Sahuon, Mr., 275. 
 
 Salsette ; occupied by the British, 
 xxxiv, 249, 250," 250 wl ; ceded 
 to the Companj^ xxxvi, li ; 
 advantages of, 252 ; mode of 
 ac(|uisition of, 273 ; retention 
 of, 280 ; Lane at, 309. 
 
 Salt ; trade in, xxvii, 80. 
 
 Samulkota ; Zemindar of, 23 ; Lieut. 
 T. Palk at, 87 ; Madge's com- 
 mand at, 98, 115 ; insurgent 
 Poligars near, 136, 153 ; John 
 Palk at, 151. 
 
 Sanad : granted to Dupleix, 60, 60 n2 ; 
 granted by the Revenue Council, 
 233, 233 h4. 
 
 Sanders, Rev,- Erasmus, 64. 
 
 Sangavaram, 23. 
 
 Sankarama Chetti, 277, 280. 
 
 San Salvador, 13. 
 
463 
 
 San 'i'home ; tlie Renter of, xvii, 97 ; 
 .Sir E. Hughes at, xlii, 2!K) ; 
 raided by Haidar's forces, 1, 
 57; note on, 10 hI; French 
 prisoners iotlged at, 325 ; 
 Baker's house at, 359. 
 
 Santiago, one of the Cape V'erd Islands, 
 336. 
 
 Sanyasis, Seneassis ; robbers posing 
 as religious mendicants, xxvii ; 
 account of, 219, 220 ; note on, 
 219 «4 ; Rennell attacked by, 
 260 «2. 
 
 Satgarh fort, 1\', 354. 
 
 Sattara, 2. 
 
 Saunders, Admiral Sir Charles, 6, 6 nl. 
 
 Saimders, Edward, 207, 267 n'i. 
 
 Saunders, Thomas ; his selection of 
 Palk, vi, vi n-2, vii ; Deputy 
 Chairman, xiv, 60 nZ, 70, 70 «2 ; 
 letter to, 60 ; leaves the Direc- 
 torate, 83, 89, 89 ^(3 ; note on, 
 S3 n2 ; mentioned, 71. 
 
 Saimders, IVIr., 121. 
 
 Sautgur. See Satgarh. 
 
 Savage, Henry, 15, 15 n\. 
 
 Saxe Teschen, Duke of, 400. 
 
 School ; Ashburton Grammar, v ; 
 Ottery St. Mary, Ixii, 372 ; 
 Charity, 91 n2 ; Winchester, 
 124 h2; bill, 375; at Xewing- 
 ton, 402. 
 
 Sclater, Eliza, xxxvii. See Draper. 
 
 Sclater, May, xxx\ai, 271 nA. 
 
 Scott, Colonel Caroline, vii, 112 n\. 
 
 Scott (Scott-Waring), Major John, 
 iv n\. 
 
 Scott, Commander, 54. 
 
 Scrafton, Luke ; a Commissioner, xx, 
 116, 117; note on, 116 ?i6; 
 mentioned, 15, 15 «1. 
 
 Scale, Mary, 46 ?i4. See Stone. 
 
 Secret Committee. See Committee. 
 
 Seer, a measure of weight, 226, 226 n\. 
 
 Seerpoor. See Sira. 
 
 Select Committee. See Committee. 
 
 Seneassies. See Sanyasis. 
 
 Sera, Serah. See Sira. 
 
 Serajah Doulah. See Siraj-ud-daula. 
 
 Serampore, Iviii, 376. • 
 
 Seringapatam ; Haidar's reverse near, 
 xxi ; jjromised to Walajah, xxi, 
 184 ; pas.sengcrs sent prisoners 
 to, xlvii, 330 nl ; Tipu's 
 prisonei-s at, li. Hi ; closed 
 gates of, Ix, 392 ; Haidar at, 
 24, 47, 153 ; should be attacked, 
 25 ; death of JMathews at, 
 27 nl ; expected capture of. 
 
 Seringapatam — cont. 
 
 ;53, 107 ; Marathas advance on, 
 35, 183 ; Brathwaite a prisoner 
 at, 176 h3 ; Gray deputed to, 
 330, 330 n'i ; proposed march 
 on, 351 n'i. 
 
 Servants ; necessary suite of, Iviii, 357. 
 
 Setteavaram, 28. 
 
 Seven Magans, Tlie, of Tripassore, 271, 
 271 nl. 
 
 Seven \Yells, The ; water supply from, 
 315 7i3. 
 
 Shall Alam, Emperor ; expected de- 
 thronement of, xvi, 40, 40 na ; 
 abandons the British for the 
 Marathas, xxiii, xxxi, 231 n4 ; 
 his victory over the Rohillas, 
 xxiii, 187 ; in subjection to the 
 Marathas, xxvi, 193 ; is de- 
 prived of Kora and Allahabad, 
 231 w4. -See also Mogul, The. 
 
 Shannon, Mr., 6. 
 
 Shatab Rai, Raja ; Naib Diwan of 
 Bihar, xxvi, 206 n3 ; is removed 
 from office, 206. 
 
 Shattur, Shatore, 25. 
 
 Shaw, Commander, 221. 
 
 Shaw, Mrs., 317. 
 
 Shaw Rajah, 2. *S'ee Sahu Raja. 
 
 Shelburne, William Petty, Earl of; 
 Ijecomes a Minister, 30 ; his 
 debt to L. Sulivan, 188 ; his 
 bills with Felling & de Fries, 
 326 ; Prime Minister, 353 nl ; 
 IMarquess of Lansdowne, 388 n2, 
 398. 
 
 Sheveram ; cantonment at, Ixii, 391. 
 
 Ajax : French ship, xxxvii, 270, 
 271. 
 
 Albion: 2.39. 
 
 Ankerwyke, 266, 269. 
 
 Anson, diamonds sent by, 34 ; 
 damaged cloth in, 36 ; Com- 
 mander Lennox of, 50 ; men- 
 tioned, 13, 38, 41, 45, 52, 57, 
 122, 126, 139. 
 
 Aquilon : French shij), 271. 
 
 Asia, 170. 
 
 * Aurora, frigate ; Commissioners 
 sail in, xx, 30 n3, 119; loss of 
 Vansittart in, xxii, 184 ; leaves 
 the Cape, 125, 130, 133, 134; 
 anxiety for, 136, 138, 139, 148 ; 
 given up for lost, 149, 150, 
 154, 157 ; l)elieved wrecked 
 off Madagascar", 1.58, 161 ; 
 mentioned. 111 n2, 124, 131, 
 132. 
 
 Ships of the Royal Navy. 
 
464 
 
 Ships — conf. 
 
 Barker, General : Rumbold sails 
 in, 329, 331, 333. 
 
 Berrington : carries Hastings to 
 England, 361, 368. 
 
 Besshorough, 317. 
 
 Bridgwater, 220. 
 
 Britannia : passengers of 1770 
 by, xviii, 121, 122; carries 
 Clive home in 1767, 16 ; Com- 
 mander Rous of, 113ji5, 118; 
 madeira sent by, 141, 173 ; 
 mentioned, 123, 138, 163, 175. 
 
 Camden, Lord : carries the Palks 
 lioine, viii, 14 ; Commander N. 
 Smith of, 14, 245 n6 ; condition 
 of cargo of, 29, 50 ; mentioned, 
 34, 38. 
 
 Carnatic, 173. 
 
 Chatham, 93. 
 
 Chesterfield, arrives at Limerick, 7. 
 
 Clive, 84. 
 
 Colebrooke ; H. Vansittart, jun., 
 sails in, 157, 163 ; General 
 Joseph Smith goes home in, 
 251, 255 ; mentioned, 174. 
 
 *Cormorant : carries despatches, 
 326. 
 
 Cornwallis, 359. 
 
 ^Coventry, frigate ; with the 
 squadron, 255, 257 ; employed 
 in the Red Sea, 312, 320. 
 
 Cuddnlore, sloop ; Commander G. 
 Baker of, 171 nS. 
 
 ^Cumberland, 5. 
 
 Devonshire, 13, 29. 
 
 * Dolphin, frigate ; sails for India, 
 129, 158 ; carries Company's 
 opium, 255 ; mentioned, 263. 
 
 Draper, 353. 
 
 Dublin ; damaged bv explosion, 
 376. 
 
 Didlon ; Tom l\ilk arrives in, 
 74 »3 ; passengers for England 
 by, 93 ; diamonds sent by, 94 ; 
 mentioned, 75 n\, 103, 107, 
 169. 
 
 Eagle, 232. 
 
 '*Eagh ; ariivcs in atlvanee of the 
 squadron, 328. 
 
 Kdgrote : arrives at Limerick, 7. 
 
 Egniont ; diamonds sent by, 90 ; 
 Commander Mears of, 233 ; 
 Russell and Stone sail in, 314 ; 
 mentioned, 103, 105, 316. 
 
 Europa, 69. 
 
 '^Experiment ; takes a French 
 privateer, 7. 
 
 Ganges, 333. 
 
 Ships — cont^ 
 
 George, King ; wrecked in 1721, 
 
 91 n2. 
 Glatton ; Commander Doveton of, 
 
 53. 
 Grafton, Duke of, 112, 119. 
 *Grampus, 5. 
 Grantham ; Orme and Palk taken 
 
 by the French in, \'ii. 
 Greenwich ; Fletcher sails for the 
 
 Cape in, 304, 307, 309. 
 Grenville ; Lord Pigot arrives in, 
 
 253, 257, 259 ; orders received 
 
 by, 267 ; mentioned, 40, 89, 
 
 263, 273, 275, 292. 
 Greyhound, packet ; INIacartney 
 
 leaves Madras for Bengal in, 
 
 362, 371. 
 Hampshire ; General R. Smith 
 
 goes home in, 113 ; mentioned, 
 
 163. 
 *Hawke ; sloop of war ; carries 
 
 Coote to Basra, 142, 144, 146 ; 
 
 is sent to the Cape, 194. 
 Hector, 53, 57, 58, 69, 73, 76, 83, 
 
 219. 
 Hillsborough ; carries liome G. 
 
 Vansittart, xxxvii, 266, 268 ; 
 
 her slow progress, xxxviii, 271. 
 Holland, Lord, 163. 180. 182, 183. 
 Horsenden, 148. 
 Houghto7i, 150. 
 Huntingdon ; Commander Pigou 
 
 of, 271. 
 John and James, schooner, 16, 17. 
 Juno, 359. 
 Kingston, Duke of ; at the Cape 
 
 with Aurora, 125 ; homeward 
 
 passengers by. 316, 317. 
 Lapwing, packet ; '' freighted 
 
 with complaints," 186 ; men- 
 tioned, 116. 1.30. 134. 144, 164, 
 
 191, 202, 206. 
 Lioness ; carries Verelst home, 
 
 113; I\lacpherson leaves ]\Iadras 
 
 in, 311, 313 ; mentioned, 90. 
 Lively, 5. 
 London ; i\. Baker commaiKls, 
 
 171 n'i ; Dalrymple commands, 
 
 257 n2. 
 Madras Merchant, 221. 
 Mansfield, Lord, 225. 
 Manship ; C. Gregorie commands, 
 
 411 ; mentioned, 417. 
 Mercury, 40. 
 Minerva, 29. 
 Montague ; T. Brettell commands, 
 
 376 ; biunt at her moorings, 
 
 376, 377. 
 
 Ships of the Royal Xavy. 
 
465 
 
 Ships — cont. 
 
 Morse, 141. 
 
 Xancy, ketch ; sent to the Red 
 Sea, 332. 
 
 Nasmu ; carries Du Pro liome, 
 xxix, 210, 212 ; Goodiad takes 
 passage l)v, 211, 214 ; men- 
 tioned, 210. 
 
 Nathalia, Danish ship ; seized 
 bv Haidar, 330 nl. 
 
 Xorfolk, 333. 
 
 North, Lord, 179, 317. 
 
 Nottingham, 40, 211, 255. 
 
 *Nymph ; arrives in advance of 
 the squadron, 328. 
 
 Osterley ; at Anjengo, 13; cap- 
 tured, 329. 
 
 Pacific : her mileage on homeward 
 voyage, 13, 13 nl. 
 
 Pigot ; her sailing delaj^ed, Ivi, 
 357 «3, 362 ; G. Richardson 
 commands, 17 n2, 79 ; men- 
 tioned, 17, 29, 34, 35, 38, 57, 
 360. 
 
 Ponsborne ; Thomas Ley, of, 149, 
 163, 190, 190 nl ; S. Hough 
 commands, 190 nl. 
 
 Portfield ; arrives at Limerick, 7. 
 
 Portland, Duke of, 164. 
 
 (,>iteen ; small-pox on board, 75. 
 
 Eesolution, 242. 
 
 Rochford, 170. 
 
 Rodney, 379, 380. 
 
 ^Salisbury ; flagship of Sir E. 
 Hughes, xxxvi, 255 ; carries 
 merchandize, xxxvi, 256 ; men- 
 tioned, 288, 313. 
 
 Salisbury ; P. Bromfield com- 
 mands, 258. 
 
 Sarah, late Madras Merchant, 221. 
 
 *Seahorse; sails for Malabar, 255 ; 
 is sent to China, 311. 
 
 Spelce, 170. 
 
 *Stag ; at the Cape with Aurora, 
 125, 134 ; her mission to Persia, 
 131 ; Lieut. Johnson of, 134 ; 
 mentioned, 177. 
 
 Steevens, Admiral ; quick passage 
 of, 13. 
 
 Success ; under orders for 
 Basra, 5. 
 
 Sultanissa Begam ; trades to 
 Manila, 54, 74 ; mentioned, 73. 
 
 *Superb ; arrives in advance of 
 the squadron, 328. 
 
 Surprise, packet ; voyage of R. 
 Palk, jun., in, Hi, 333, 336; 
 D. Asquith commands, lii, 337, 
 350 ; death of Palk in, Ivi, 
 
 Ships; Surprise — conf. 
 
 336, 340; at Limerick, 336, 
 344 ; returns to India, 354, 
 380; mentioned, liv, 341, 343, 
 351, 352, :561, 379. 
 *Swallow, sloop of war ; carries 
 despatches regarding the revo- 
 lution, xliii, 288, 298, 306; 
 mentioned, 253. 
 Swallow, jjacket ; voyage to Gom- 
 broon, 5 ; carries IMacartney 
 from Bengal, 374 ; mentioned, 
 417. 
 Swan ; trades to Pegu, 14 7il, 29. 
 Syren, sloop ; carries home news 
 
 of capture of Calcutta, 7. 
 Talbot, 333. 
 Thames, 94, 108. 
 Triton ; Hon. W. Elphinstone com- 
 mands, 202 ; carries Fletcher 
 home, 216 ; mentioned 312. 
 Valentine ; aground near Madras, 
 
 314 ; mentioned, 80. 
 Vansittart, 153. 
 Watson, Admiral, 59, 76, 77. 
 Worcester ; R. Hall commands, 
 
 245 n5. 
 *Yorlc, 125. 
 Shirpi, Sirpi. See Sira. 
 Shittabro}'. See Shatab Rai. 
 Sholingarh, 1, 352 nl. 
 Shore, John, 413, 414. 
 Short, Thomas ; letter from, 245. 
 Shortt, Major John ; influence of 
 hospitality on lus promotion, 
 Iviii ; letter from, 365 ; note 
 on, 365 nl. 
 Shuja-ud-daula ; Xawab Vizier of 
 Oudh, xvi, 45, 45 n5, 88 nl ; 
 is supported by the British 
 against the IMarathas, xxiii, 
 187, 207, 238; receives Kora 
 and Allahabad, xxxi ; his pay- 
 ments, xxxi, 231 ; death of, 
 xxxiii, li, 320 n 1 ; his successor, 
 xxxiii, li, 249 ; the Begams 
 seize his treasure, li ; expected 
 rupture with, 88, 123 ; reduces 
 his army, 93 ; deemed un- 
 trustworthy, 102 ; is reconciled 
 to the Mogul, 1 10 ; Barker's 
 influence with, 112 n\ ; ex- 
 cellence of his cavalry, 116; 
 hostilities with, 1,53, 153 n3 ; 
 his martial aims, 192, 192 n2 ; 
 Hastings's treaty with, 222, 
 227 ?i2 ; at war with the Jat<, 
 237. See Xawab Vizier. 
 Sibbendy, 67, 67 n2. 
 
 Ships of the^Royal Xavy, 
 
466 
 
 Sikhs, The ; defeated by the Abdali, 
 
 xvi, 40, 40 n3. 
 Sikandar Jah, son of Xizam AH, 67, 
 
 67 7il. 
 Silesia ; tranquillity in, Ixvi ; the 
 Emperor hopes to regain, 405 ; 
 no attempt expected on, 409. 
 Silk factories, 206. See Filature. 
 Silver ; scarcity of, 73 ; purchase of 
 plate, 198. See Money. See 
 Specie. 
 
 Simcoe, Colonel, 416. 
 Sindia, Mahadaji. See Mahadaji 
 Sindia. 
 
 Sira or Sirpi ; ceded to the Marathas, 
 xxi ; occupied by Eaghoba, 
 xxxii, 235, 235 7(3, 237 ; taken 
 by Madhu Eao, 23, 35, 42, 47, 
 49 ; situation of, 23 nl ; terri- 
 tory of, 24 ; importance of, 
 25 ; formerly under Nizam, 33 ; 
 Haidar reduces, 61, 61 7i2. 
 
 Siraj-ud-daula ; a title of Walajah, 
 42, 42 «5. 
 
 Sirpi, Shirpi. See Sira. 
 
 Sitaram Pandit, C. ; reports on Chica- 
 cole, Iviii, lix ; letter from, 365 ; 
 petitions from, 365-367. 
 
 Sitarfim Raja, P. See Sitarjlm Raz. 
 
 Sitaram Ranga Rao, R ; letter from, 
 366. 
 
 Sitaram Raz, Sittaramrauze, Sitteram 
 Rauze ; chief Zemindar in 
 Chicacole, xxx, 28, 28 no ; 
 oppression by, lix, 365, 365 n4, 
 366, 367 ; pays kists, 35 ; rents 
 ( liicacole, 43, 50 ; rents Vizia- 
 nagram only, 48 ; his arrogance, 
 65, 65 «3 ; his power, 200, 201 ; 
 recommends a sepoy as dubas.h, 
 366, 367 ; kills Gajapati Raz, 
 367. 
 
 Sivaganga, Maravar of ; a prisoner, 
 xxxix, 278 ; called the Little 
 Maravar and Nalkottai Poligar, 
 194 «3. See Maravar of Kali- 
 yarkoil. See Nalkottai Poligar. 
 
 Sivaji, 2 ?;2. 
 
 Skottowe, Commander Nicholas, 231, 
 238. 
 
 Slopcr, Mrs. Kitoria ; letter from, 82 ; 
 note on, 82 ;(3. 
 
 Sloper, Robert, 82 ?(3, 135. 
 
 Slopcr, Lt.-Ceneral Robert; C.-in-C. 
 in India, lix, .370, 370 «3, 371 ; 
 sits in the Madras Council, 371 ; 
 favours King's ollicers, 379. 
 
 Small, Martha, 17 ill. See Pybus, 
 Mrs. Martha. 
 
 Small pox. See Diseases. 
 
 Smeidoii, Futwood ; letter from, 374. 
 
 Smerdon, Mrs. (Futwood), 375. 
 
 Smerdon, Ensign ; liis shortcomings, 
 xvii, 84, 85 ; his father blame- 
 worthy, 84 ; in the Circars, 87 : 
 resigns the serWce, 98 ; runs 
 away, 115 ; his adventures, 119 
 
 Smerdon, iNIrs., mother of Ensign 
 Smerdon, 119. 
 
 Smith, ]\Irs. Amelia, wife of General 
 R. Smith, 113 h1, 168. See 
 Hopkins, Amelia. 
 
 Smith, Charles ; a member of Council, 
 xliv, 174, 179, 314, 314 nl ; 
 pto\'isional Governor, 1 ; Mayor 
 of Madras, 86 ; charge against, 
 146 ; note on, 146 nl ; his 
 marriage, 196 ; visits Pondi- 
 cherry, 210. 
 
 Smith, George ; free merchant, xii, 
 7 n4, 53 nl, 213 ; a tanka- 
 holder, xl, xlii, 276 ; denomices 
 the revolution, xlii, 291 ; fore- 
 man of inquest jmy, xUv ; at 
 Canton, 7 ; liis experience at 
 Manila, 53 ; letters from, 53, 73, 
 213,216,290; his debts to Palk 
 and Vansittart, 53, 248 ; his 
 marriage, 95, 95 «3 ; objects to 
 sign new covenants, 213, 217 ; 
 is interdicted from trade, 213 ; 
 is ordered to England, 216; 
 his protest, 217 ; his early 
 career, 217. 
 
 Smith, John ; Chief at Vizagapatam, 
 50, 50 n4, 78, 78 n3. 
 
 Smith, John Lewin ; Chief at iNIasuli- 
 patam, 28, 28 w3, 43 «2, 65 n2, 
 100 ; his revenue collections, 
 28, 35; leases Chicacole, 43; 
 settles with Sitaram Raz,.50 ; 
 50 n3 ; his orders to Colonel 
 Hart, 66 ; indiscretion of, 67 ; 
 sails for England, 110; Janga- 
 nux's debt to, 152. 
 
 Smith, Joseph, sen. ; Gunner and 
 Engineer, 23 »1. 
 
 Smith, Brig.-General Joseph ; com- 
 mands the army against Haidar, 
 xiii, xiv, 23, 47, 49 ; his com- 
 mand against Tanjore, xxiv, 
 164 ; at Trichinopoly, xxvii, 
 156, 163, 163 nl; conimands 
 the Maravan ex])edition, xxviii, 
 50/(2. 213; resigns, xxviii, 
 163 «2, 196, 208, 214; resumes 
 command of the Army, xxix, 
 212, 214 ; supports Walajah in 
 Council, xxxiv, 246, 249 ; 
 arrives at Hyderabad, 23 ; 
 note on, 23 n\ ; advises the 
 Nizam, 28, 41, 42, 47, 49; 
 
467 
 
 Smith, Brig. -General, Joseph— cont. 
 
 complains of Orton, 71 ; re- 
 ceives Field Deputies, 71 ; his 
 mihtary capacity, 78, 78 )i4 ; 
 praise of, 81 ; is joined by Wood, 
 82 «2 ; pursues Haidar, 105 ; 
 blames Walajah, 172 ; Iiis house 
 at Trichinopoly, 176; dis- 
 approves the Tanjore settle- 
 ment, 177 ; prejiares for Eng- 
 land, 207 ; Dutch protest to, 
 "224 ; captures Tanjore, 225, 
 278 ; sails for England, 251, 254, 
 255, 255 ill ; mentioned, 26, 32, 
 68, 84, 87, 91, 317 w4. 
 
 Smith, Mrs. Margaret Aurora, 214. See 
 Jlunro, ^Margaret. 
 
 Smith, Commander Nathaniel ; com- 
 mands the Lord Camden, 14 ; 
 his ojDinion of Allum securities, 
 244 ; is supported by Palk, 245 ; 
 note on, 245 7i6. 
 
 Smith, Brig.-General Richard ; repre- 
 sents Walajah's creditors, xxv, 
 121; his fortune, 113; note 
 on, 113 h1; liis house in 
 England, 168 ; mentioned, xlv. 
 
 Smith, Captain, 7. 
 
 Smith, Mr., supercargo, 5. 
 
 Snelling, Lieut. J. ; reveres Mathews, 
 xxxvii, 261 ; death of, xxx^^i, 
 321, 321 nl ; as cadet, 115, 
 115 7i3; is aided by Palk, 115, 
 116, 147, 147 ?i3; letters from, 
 191, 261, 281 ; illness of, 261 ; 
 in the Circars, 281. 
 
 Solo. See Sulu. 
 
 Somner, Mi-., 64. See Sumner. 
 
 Sonnaut. See Coinage. 
 
 Sooloo. See Sulu. 
 
 Sou bah. The. See Subah. 
 
 Soucar, soukar ; Benfield as, xl, 236 ; 
 bills, 35, 35 nl ; security, 114, 
 235, 371. 
 
 Souce}-, 113. 
 
 South Molton, 384, 384 n3. 
 
 South Sea Annuities, 8. 
 
 Souza, Antonio de ; an executor for 
 Goodlad, 211 ; free merchant, 
 211 ?i4 ; his piece-goods Associa- 
 tion, 216 ; his assignment on 
 Tanjore, 276; mentioned, 419. 
 
 Spain ; war apprehended with, xxv, 
 148 ; King of, 8, 8n 7, 53, 54. 
 
 Specie ; export from India of, xxxviii, 
 252, 307. See Money. 
 
 Spencer, ]\Ir., in Switzerland, Ixiv, 
 378 ; returns to England, 383, 
 384, 385 ; commimicates ^vith 
 
 Spencer, Mr. — conL 
 
 Sir R. Palk, 388; his profi- 
 ciency in French, 390 ; his 
 expenditure, 405. 
 Sport ; plays, horse-racing and cock- 
 fighting, xxxvii, 261 ; card- 
 jilaying, xlviii, 17 ; gaming, 
 232, 233, 327. 
 Squadron, The ; under Admiral 
 Watson, X ; under Sir R. Har- 
 land, 159, 181 ; reinforcement 
 for, 171 ; sails from Madras for 
 Bombay, 201 ; under Sir E, 
 Hughes at Madras, xxxvi ; at 
 Bombay, 213, 263, 266, 273, 
 301 ; escorts Supreme Council 
 and Judges, 273 ; under Sir 
 E. Vernon, 322, 323 ; Hughes 
 resumes command of, 330 ; in 
 action! 1) with the French, 336. 
 Srirangam ; Lawrence's victory at, 
 xi, 35 «2 ; temples at, 2, 4, 
 4 n3 ; visited by Chokappa, 
 &c., 278. 
 Sri Salupathi, 277. 280. 
 Stables, John ; his abilities, lix, 379 ; 
 advises Abraham, 361 ; note on, 
 361 nl ; prepares for England, 
 413. . 
 Stair, John Dalrymple, Earl of, 403 n2. 
 Stark, Dr. James, 334, 334 nl. 
 Starke, Richard, 64, 64?il. 
 Staixnton, George ; a Peace Com- 
 missioner, li, 355, 355 nl ; 
 Secretary to JNIacartnej', 356. 
 Staveley, Rev. Samuel, vi. 
 Steevens, Commodore Charles, 6, 6 «1, 
 
 12 «1. 
 Sterne, Laurence, xxxvii, 271 w4. 
 Stevens. Major William ; killetl at 
 Pondicherry, xlvii, 325 ; note 
 on, 325 n3. 
 Stewart (or Stuart), John ; Secretary, 
 Bengal, xxv, 262, 262 «2 ; desig- 
 nated Secretary, Madras, 149, 
 149 nl ; his nomination can- 
 celled, 157, 157 n2 ; dismissal 
 of, 252, 262 ; note on, 252 nS ; 
 associates with IMacpherson, 
 264, 264 nl ; sails for England, 
 266, 266 nl. 
 Stibbert, Brig.-General Giles, xlv, 319. 
 Stock, China, 72. 
 
 Stock, India ; voting power of holders 
 of, xxii, 91 n4, 127 ; effect of 
 Tanjore success on price of, 
 185; Dunning's, 242; Palk's 
 dealings in, 243 ; Colebrooke's 
 sale of, 244. 
 
 '^' Vide p. 45!), note 1, and p. 172, note 1. 
 
468 
 
 Stone, Mrs. Marj-, 48, 184, 195. See 
 
 Seale. 
 Stone, John Maxwell ; Secretary, Mili- 
 tary Department, xii, 46 n4 ; 
 describes military operations, 
 XV, 47, 48 ; his opinion of the 
 situation, xxi, 142-144; in 
 C'oimcil, xxix, 195, 218 ; sup- 
 ports Walajah, xxxiv, 246, 
 246 7! 9, 249; member of the 
 Minority, xl, 294, 306; sus- 
 pended by the Majority, xlii, 
 288, 292, 295, 298, 300, 306; 
 sails for England, xlv, 314 ; 
 letters from, 46, 104, 142, 180, 
 194, 197, 267, 271 ; note on, 
 46 ?i4 ; an executor for Griffiths, 
 72, 72 7i5, 76 ; will train Tom 
 Palk, 91, 91 w6 ; recommends 
 H. Griffiths, 140; letter to, 
 154 ; his prospects, 186, 195 ; 
 recommends Goodlad for Coun- 
 cil, 198 ; liis appointments, 
 212 ; advises H. Griffiths, 226 ; 
 agent for Palk, 251, 256 ; his 
 offer to Stuart, 286 ; resides 
 at the Mount, 309, 313; his 
 affairs, 326, 328, 331 ; his 
 houses in Fort St. George, 326, 
 326 n2 ; mentioned, 73, 73 n4, 
 79, 225, 241, 278. 
 Stonhouse, Rev. Sir James, xiii, x\n, 
 
 37 7il. 
 Stonhouse, Sir John, xiii, 30 nZ, 37 iil. 
 Stonhouse, Lucia ; marries E. Palk, 
 jun., xiii, xvi, 131, 131 ?i5, 134, 
 136 ; her death, xvi, 202, 204 ; 
 epitaph on, xvii, xvii ?!l ; ex- 
 pected arrival of, 100, 100 ?;3. 
 See Palk, Airs. Lucia. 
 Stonhou.se, IMartha ; marries Arthur 
 Vansittart, 37 nl. See Vansit- 
 tart, Mrs. IMartha. 
 Stonhouse, Sarali ; arrives at Madras, 
 xiii ; her suitors, xiii, 29 »6, 
 131, 131 m4 ; C. Bourchier's 
 opinion of, 37 ; marries George 
 Vansittart, 37 v\. See Vansit- 
 tart, Mrs. Sarah. 
 Stonhouse, Lieut. Thomas ; exjiected 
 arrival of his brother and sister, 
 100 ; note on, 100 »2 ; will 
 visit Calcutta, 115, 204, 219. 
 Stonhou.se, Mr., 100, 115. 
 Storey, Dr. Robert, 380, 380 xl. 
 Storm ; at Surat, xx.xiv, 247. 
 Stowey, Philip ; Civil Architect, xh-iii, 
 
 324 ril ; letter from, 324. 
 Straccj', Edward ; Mackay infornis 
 against, xxix, 217, 217 nl ; 
 accompanies an embassy, 42 ; 
 
 Stracey, Edward — coiit. 
 
 note on, 42 ?i2 ; in Council, 
 218. 
 Stratton, George ; a member of the 
 Majority, xl, 289, 294, 306 ; 
 suspension of, xli, xlii, xliv, 
 285, 294, 300, 306; unrecog- 
 nized by Bombay, xliii, 311 ; 
 verdict against, xliv, 315 wl ; 
 sails for England, xlv, 314 ; his 
 marriage, 72, 78 ; note on, 
 72 ??6 ; Chief at Vizagapatam, 
 197, 252, 366 ; moves to Madras, 
 255 ; Pigot's charge against, 
 285 ; his protest, 285 ; usurps 
 the Government, 286, 288, 
 288 w3, 290, 295, 296; his 
 relations with Walajah, 289, 
 297 ; IMunro's attitude towards, 
 291 ; records arrest of Lord 
 Pigot, 295 ; liis orders as to 
 cowles, 310 ; is authorized to 
 hold Quarter Sessions, 311 ; 
 to be tried, 314 ; dismisses 
 Munro, 318 ; his orders of 
 suspension reversed, 322 ; men- 
 tioned, 94, 135, 259, 270, 271, 
 299. 
 Stratton, John, 17 «3. 
 Stratton, Sarah, 17 n3, 110 wS. See 
 
 Mackay, Mrs. Sarah. 
 Stuart, Major-General James ; aa 
 Colonel is offered Tanjore com- 
 mand, xli, 284, 284 w3, 285; 
 accepts Pigot's hospitality, xli, 
 286 ; plans and executes the 
 arrest of Pigot, xli, 289 ; is 
 suspended, tried and acquitted, 
 xliv, 317, 365 «2 ; his com- 
 mand of the arm3^ li, 286, 295, 
 300; attacks Cuddalore, li ; 
 is dismi.s.scd and deported, li, 
 365 7t'2 ; Pigot's charge against, 
 295 ; illness of, 31 1 ; is expected 
 at Tanjore, 311, 313; verdict 
 against, 315 nl. 
 Subah, Soubah ; original meaning of, 
 ] , 1 »2 ; ruler of the Deccan, 23, 
 
 23 n2 ; crosses the Kistna, 23, 
 
 24 ; complains of British delay, 
 25; desires aid, 31; a treaty 
 suggested with, 32 ; Walajah's 
 enmity to. 36 ; dilatoriiiess of, 
 
 41 ; confirms grant of Carnatic, 
 
 42 ; his alliance with Haidar, 
 66 ; alarmed by British advance, 
 67; seeks peace, 67, 199; is 
 exi>ected to join Marathas, 132 ; 
 Walajah subject to, 181 ; weak- 
 ness of, 194 ; mentioned, xx, 
 138. See Xizam Ali. 
 
169 
 
 Subahdar of tlio Deecan ; his alleged 
 grant to Dupleix, 07 hJ. See 
 Subah. 
 
 Subrahinaiiya Chetti, 136. 
 
 Subu Chetti, G., 280. 
 
 Sudaba (Sudashco Rao, Sudasheo 
 Chiiunaji) ; nephew of B.'iji 
 Rao, xxxvi ; a pretender claims 
 the Peshwasliip as, xxxvi, 281, 
 281 nl, 282, 282 7i2 ; is executed 
 XXX vii ; his career, 281, 281 nl, 
 309. 
 
 Suez ; as route for mails, xxxi, xlix, 
 282, 292, 294, 300 ; news sent 
 homeward via, xliii. 298 ; White- 
 hill arrives by way of, xliv ; 
 passengers via, xlvii, 330, 
 .330 /?1 ; diflficulties of route 
 by, 330. 
 
 Suffren de Saint-Troijez, Pierre Andr6 
 de ; his engagements with 
 Hughes, 1, Hi, .336(1'; delivers 
 prisoners to Haidar, 1. 
 
 Sulivan, Benjamin, 29 n?>. 
 
 Sulivan, John ; sails for Europe, xxxvii, 
 270, 270 nl, 271 ; Resident at 
 Tanjore, Iv, 332 wl, 364, 364 n4; 
 his fortune, Iv, 354 ; assistant 
 to Whitehill, 29 ; notes on, 
 
 29 ?i3, 354 »4 ; returns from 
 China, 123, 123 n2 ; is respon- 
 sible for Tom Palk, 272. 
 
 Sulivan, Laurence ; corresponds with 
 Palk, xiii ; is related to Wood, 
 xxi, 117 ; his career, xxi, xxii, 
 
 30 h2 ; his financial troubles, 
 xxii, 79, 127, 128, 188, 189; 
 in Parliament, xxii, 86, 86 nl, 
 242, 245 ; a candidate for 
 Madras, xxii, xxv, 186, 193, 
 197, 210, 215 ; his estimate of 
 Walajah, xlix, 332 ; memoran- 
 dum l)v, 63 ; letters from, 79, 
 126, 188, 189, 190, 241, 243, 
 244, 245 ; out of the Direction, 
 83, 222 ; rejoins the Direction, 
 91, 91 n3, 112, 149, 157, 162; 
 his integrity, 117; Palk's in- 
 fluence with, 118; opposes 
 over- staffing, 123 ; Hastings 
 corresponds with, 139, 141, 
 203. 208, 219, 220 ; desires post 
 of Commissioner, 171, 190; his 
 influence, 175 ; a patron of 
 Coodlad, 185, 186 ; letters to, 
 191, 243 ; is expected in India, 
 191, 193, 197,210,215; papers 
 to be showai to, 227 ; his ill- 
 
 Suliva!!, Laurence — cont. 
 
 fortime, 240 ; fails to meet 
 Dunning, 242; Tom Palk's 
 hopes from, 327 ; mentioned, 
 ix, 30, 60, 60 nl, 106, 166, 
 329 n2, 331, 331 «3. 
 
 Sulivan, Mrs. (Laurence), 188. 
 
 Sulivan, Richard Joseph ; Secretary 
 to Government, xli, 294, 295 ; 
 demands wTitten orders, xli, 
 285, 285 nl ; his mission to 
 Calcutta, li, 310 7i2 ; note on, 
 29 n3. 
 
 Sulivan, Stephen ; seeks loans from 
 Palk, xxii, 205, 240; goes to 
 India, xxii ; his appointments, 
 xlix, 329, 329 n2, 332; is 
 deputed to Bengal, 1 ; aids 
 his father, 188 ; letters from, 
 205, 240, 241, 331 ; notes on, 
 205 nl, 332 nl ; to stand for 
 Parliament, 242, 242 n2 ; 
 Hughes's civility to, 331. 
 
 SuHvan, Mrs. (Stephen), 331. 
 
 Suiu, Solo, Sooloo, Zoloo Islands ; 
 sepoys from, 29 ; Dalrymple's 
 mission to, 29 «.4 ; reduction of, 
 79 ; treaty with Sultan of, 
 257 n2 ; attack by natives on, 
 259. 
 
 Sumatra ; restoration of places in, 9 ; 
 Fort Marlborough in, 17 n4. 
 
 Sumner, William Brightwell ; Hast- 
 ings's debt to, 118, 123, 123 ni, 
 139, 139 nl ; note on, 118 nl ; 
 mentioned, 64. 
 
 Supervisoi's, The. See Commissioners, 
 Reform, 
 
 Supreme Council. See Council, Su- 
 preme. 
 
 Supreme Court. See Court of Judi- 
 cature, Sujjreme. 
 
 Surajah Dowla, in error for Shuja-ud- 
 daula, {q,>\,) 153, 153 n3. 
 
 Surat ; damage by storm at, xxxiv, 
 247 ; Goddard's march to, 
 xlvi, 328 n5 ; Madras force for, 
 xlvi, 147 n4, 329 ; exi^edition 
 against, 250 ?il ; Raghoba at, 
 309 ; mentioned, 21. 
 
 Survey of Bengal, RenneU's, xxiii, 167. 
 
 Swynfen, Rev. George, v. 
 
 Sydenham, Major William, 311. 
 
 Syfe ut Dowlah, Nawab. See Saif- 
 ud-daula. 
 
 Syracuse, Seven Tyrants of, 292. 
 
 Syringapatam, 24. See Seringapatam. 
 
 (1) Vide p. 459, note 1, and p. 472, note 1. 
 
 EE 
 
470 
 
 Taluk (tdluq), 233, 233 «10. 
 
 Tanaca, tanaka, tanakaw. See Tanka. 
 
 Tanjore City and Fort ; siege of, in 
 1771, xxiv, 165 ; peace con- 
 cluded by Walajah, xxiv, 166, 
 172, 174 ; siege and capture of, 
 in 1773, XXX, 223, 224, 236; 
 Lord Pigot's \nsit to, xxxix, 
 277, 299 ; Russell nominated 
 Resident at, xli, 284, 289, 299, 
 306 ; Stephen Sulivan as 
 Resident at, xlix, 332 wl, 
 354 w4 ; John Sulivan Resident 
 at, Iv, 332 72 1, 354, 354 w4, 364 ; 
 rendition of, 109^1, 306; 
 garrisoned by Walajah, 223, 
 249 ; Walajah's intentions as 
 to, 246 ; Kiladar of, 264 ; 
 delivery to the British of, 264, 
 266, 268, 269, 270, 271, 274, 
 275, 276, 283, 296, 312, 312 «1 ; 
 Stuart to command at, 284, 
 306, 313 ; disapproval of Pigot's 
 measures at, 288, 306 ; Ben- 
 field's \asit to, 294 ; mentioned, 
 325 «3, 418 n4. 
 
 Tanjore Province ; conquest in 1773 
 of, xxx, xlvii, 223, 224, 225, 
 236, 237, 239; proposed ruler 
 for, xxxiv, 254 ; orders for 
 restitution of, xxxviii, 263, 
 265, 267, 273, 274, 296, 
 302 ; Walajah mortgages 
 revenues of, xl, 276, 278, 
 291 ; Hughes's opinion as to, 
 xlii, 302 ; Brathwaite defeated 
 in, 1, 176 nZ ; Marathas withdraw 
 from, 4 ; tribute due from, 46 ; 
 situation in, 162, 171 ; ex- 
 pedition of 1771 against, 164, 
 165, 166, 172, 175, 177, 185; 
 ]\laratha views regarding, 237, 
 265 ; differences in Council as 
 to, 278 ; Walajah's reluctance 
 to give up, 283, 296; Pigot's 
 measures respecting, 296, 316 ; 
 mentioned, 184, 191, 258. 
 
 Tanjore Raja ; Palk's negotiations 
 with, vi, 3, 3 «5, 4, 60 ; attacks 
 Rnmnad, xxiii, 155; is attacked, 
 de})osed and imprisoned, xxx, 
 223, 224, 225, 236; loses hope, 
 xxxii, 239 ; is liberated and rein- 
 stated, xxxviii, xxxix, 270, 271, 
 272, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 283, 
 296, 298, 308 ; seizure of grahi 
 l)y, xl, 276 ; Benfield's claims 
 on, xliii, 304 ; to aid against 
 Poligars, 26 ; his tribute to 
 Walajah, 27, 315 ; cause of 
 Avar of 1771 with, 156, 164, 172 ; 
 
 Tanjore Raja — cont. 
 
 lais treaty of 1762 vAih Walajah, 
 162, 279, 305 ; Walajah's settle- 
 ment with, 174, 177, 201, 213 ; 
 his grant of Nagore, 224 ; 
 Maratha aid expected for, 235, 
 239 ; restoration of territory to, 
 263, 265, 267 ; Pigot's gifts to, 
 278; mentioned, xlii, 23 ?il, 311. 
 
 Tanka, tanaca, tanaka, tanakaw, 
 tuncaw ; granted on Tanjore 
 revenues, xl, 276, 278, 291, 
 293, 308 ; on Tinnevelly, 236 ; 
 on Ongole, 248, 248 w2. 
 
 Tannah ; reduction of, 250 ; com- 
 mand at, 251 ; Lane at, 280. 
 
 Tapanoully, 9. 
 
 Tapermaul Chitty, 197 ?i4. See Chip- 
 permall Chetti. 
 
 Taswell, George ; arrival of, 141, 
 141 ?i3, 150, 173. 
 
 Taunton, 30 n2. 
 
 Tavistock, 220. 
 
 Tax, Fortification, 109 n2. 
 
 Taylor, James ; his marriage, 95, 
 95 nA ; Registrar of Maj^or's 
 Court, 303, 303 n2 ; his loan 
 to Walajah, 418 n\ ; men- 
 tioned, 418. 
 
 Taylor, Thomas, 267 nl. 
 
 Tellicherry ; Abington's success at, 
 li ; proposed grants of territory 
 near, 33 ; Boddam at, 195 ; 
 ships need convoy north of, 
 258 ; mentioned, 193, 250. 
 
 Temple, Richard, Earl, 6. 
 
 Temple; charity, 271; Jambukistna, 
 278; Madras, 97 «1. 
 
 Temples; Srirangam, 2, 4, 4n3, 278; 
 views, of, lix, 369. 
 
 Teneriffe, 17, 74, 75. 
 
 Tenevely. See Tinnevelly. 
 
 Textiles, Woollen; broadcloth, 17, 18; 
 popinjays and auroras, 18, 
 18 111 ; perpetuanoes, 18, 18 «8. 
 
 TextUes, Cotton ; salempores, 41, 
 41 ?(2, 1.36; beteelas (muslin) 
 and ginghams, 136 ; moorees 
 (blue goods), 136, 152 ; paint- 
 ings (chintz), 152, \52 n\ ; chey 
 goods (d^'ed red \\itli chay 
 root), 152, 152 n\ ; long cloth, 
 ordinarv, 156 ; piece goods, 
 216, 381. 
 
 Thackeray, Jane, 260 «3. See Rennell. 
 
 Thomas, Rev. Jolui ; cha])lain. 72, 
 72 »(4 ; letter from, 7() ; an 
 executor for Griffiths, 76, 104, 
 104 >(1. 
 
 Thomson, Captain, 277 280. 
 
 Thun, Countess of, Ixv, 398. 
 
471 
 
 Tinnevelly ; disturbances in, 25 ; 
 Mahfuz Khan's rebellion in, 
 102 nl ; expedition against, 
 17(3 n'i ; Poligars of, 194 nl ; 
 the Renter of, 225, 236; de- 
 based coinage of, 372. 
 
 Tipu Sultan ; as Tipu Sahib raids 
 Madras, xiii, xv, 57, 57 ??4 ; 
 reduces Sira, xxxii, 23 nl ; 
 annihilates Baillie's force, 1 ; 
 with the French takes Cudda- 
 lore, 1 ; defeats Bratliwaite, 1, 
 176 n3 ; as Sultan besieges 
 Bednur and Mangalore, li ; 
 negotiates for peace, lii, 96 »2, 
 351 n2, 355, 355 nl, 358 ; re- 
 stores forts and receives Dindi- 
 gul, Iv, 354 ; closes Camatic 
 passes, Ix, 381 ; feigns death, 
 Ix, 381, 391, 392, 393; his 
 rupture with Nizam and the 
 Marathas, Ix, 359, 374, 391, 
 392, 401, 402, 410, 414, 415, 
 418, 419 ; ravages Adoni, Ix, 
 414 ; unpopularity of, Ix, 393 ; 
 attacks Basalat Jang, 259 ; 
 continues war with British after 
 Haidar's death, 336; Fullar- 
 ton's operations against, 351 h3. 
 
 Tod, Commander Alexander, 351. 
 
 Tod, Lt.-Colonel Charles ; marches 
 from Vellore, 49 ; note on, 
 49 /(4 ; is troubled by Smerdon, 
 85 ; at Ellore, 87 ; commands 
 in the Circars, 98, 115. 
 
 Todos Santos, Bay of, 163. 
 
 Tolver, Mr., 375. 
 
 Tondiman, 26, 26 wl, 162. 
 
 Tor Moluin, 171 ?i3. 
 
 Totapalli, Chief of, xvii, 151. 
 
 Town ]Major of Fort St. George ; 
 Tod as, 49 w4 ; R. Wood as, 
 277 n2, 294 ; Lysaght as, 295 ; 
 Sydenham as, 311. 
 
 Trade ; in salt, xxvii, 80 ; in opium, 
 xxxviii, 221, 237 ; Board of, Ixii, 
 402, 413 ; depressed in Calcutta, 
 126 ; bad throughout India, 173, 
 307 ; civil servants restricted in, 
 231,234; depressed in Madras, 
 327, 355. 
 
 Tranquebar, 417. 
 
 Transylvania, 409. 
 
 Travancore ; threatened with attack, 
 196, 201, 252, 311. 
 
 Traytorrens, I\I. de, 384. 
 
 Treaty ; suggested in 1767 between 
 Nizam and the Marathas, 24, 
 31, 33 ; commercial, with 
 Sultan of Sulu, 257 ?«2 ; sug- 
 gested between the Camatic 
 
 Treaty — c^nt. 
 
 Nawab and tiie Company, 302. 
 Treaties : — ■ 
 
 Aix-la-Chajwlle, of 1748, with 
 l^^-ance, v, 398 nl. 
 
 Allahabad, of 1765, with the 
 Nawab Vizier ; denounced by 
 the Majority, xxxiii. 
 
 Benares, of 1773 ; with the 
 Nawab Vizier, xxxi, 222, 227, 
 227 n2 ; denounced by the 
 Majority, xxxiii ; cession to 
 the Vizier under, 231 n4 ; men- 
 tioned, 231. 
 
 Carnatic-'J'anjore, of 1762, xxiii, 
 xiii, L55, 164, 279; violation 
 of, by the Fvaja, 162 ; is 
 ol)noxious to Walajah, 305. 
 
 Fyzabad, of 1772, with the 
 Marathas, 112 til. 
 
 Hyderabad, of, 1766 ; negotiated 
 by Caillaud, viii, 62, 62 »2, 
 
 102 nl ; reward for negotiating, 
 ix ; cause of the first Mysore 
 war, xiii, 60, 60 ni : men- 
 tioned, xiv, XV. 
 
 Madras, of 1768 ; with the Nizam, 
 xiv ; negotiated by Rukn- 
 ud-daula, 108, 108 wl. 
 
 Mangalore, of 1784 ; with Tipu 
 Sultan, lii, 355, 355 7>l ; Nawab 
 no party to, Ivi, 358 ; mentioned 
 Ix. 351 ■h3. 
 
 Mysore-Maratha, of 1772, xxi, 194. 
 
 Mysore-Maratha, of 1787 ; between 
 Tipu and Holkar, Ix. 
 
 Oudh, of 1775, negotiated by 
 Hastings with Asaf-ud-daula ; 
 provisions of, 248, 249, 
 
 Paris, of 1763 ; order based on, 
 xii, 8 ; construction placed on 
 eleventh article of, xxiv, 181 ; 
 ensures tran(] uillity of the 
 Carnatic, 156 ; mentioned, 143. 
 
 Pondicherrv (provisional), of 1754, 
 vi, 30 n3, 60. 
 
 Purandhar, of 1766 ; witli the 
 Marathas, xxxvi, 273, 282 ; con- 
 demned by Lane, xxxvi, 280, 
 280 «5 ; described by Hughes, 
 xxxvi, 301 ; provisions of, 
 309 ; mentioned, 307. 
 
 St. Thomas's Mount, of 1769 ; with 
 Haidar, xiv, xvi, .30 wl, 106; 
 Du Pre's description of, 101 ; 
 delay in publishing terms of, 
 
 103 ; mentioned, xlvii. 
 Salbai, of 1782 ; with the Mara- 
 
 thas( Sindia), 11. 
 Surat, of 1775 ; with the Marathas 
 (Raghoba), xxxi v. 
 
472 
 
 Treaties — coni. 
 
 Versailles, of 1783 ; with the 
 French, li, 356 ; mentioned, Ivi. 
 
 Tricamally, 355. See Trincomalee. 
 
 Trichinopoly ; relief of, xi ; Law- 
 rence's actions near, xi, 88 ; 
 powder explosion at, xxvii, 
 174, 175, 176 ; T. Palk as Pay- 
 master at, xlv, 354, 357, 358, 
 392 ; taken by Chanda Sahib, 
 3 ; French attack on the fort 
 of, 4, 4 n2 ; tributary to Vijaya- 
 nagar, 4 ; J. Smith's defence 
 of, 23 nl ; Walajah visits, 41, 
 48 ; remains British, 95 ; re- 
 lieved by CaiUaud, 102 nl ; 
 E. Smith at, 113 »1; Clive 
 at, 124 nl ; J. Smith \dsits, 
 156, 163 ; Fletcher ordered to, 
 163 n2, 209, 212; expedition 
 from, 162, 165, 175, 184; rock- 
 fort of, 176 ; is avoided by 
 Walajah, 218; Hay at, 235, 
 235 «2 ; regiment moved from, 
 263, 264 ; British garrison of, 
 268 ; visited by Chokap^Da, 
 278 ; depopulation of, 370 ; 
 mentioned, 190, 223, 315 ni, 370. 
 
 Trimbak Rao, xxi. 
 
 TruneUvashel, 269. 
 
 Trincomalee, Tricamally, Trincana- 
 mally ; captured by Hughes, 
 1, 330 «5 ; surrendered to the 
 French, 1, Iv, 354, 354 n3, 355, 
 355 »3 ; Asquith at, liii, 342 ; 
 restored to the Dutch, Iv, Ivii, 
 372 ; the squadron at, 174, 
 314 ; erroneous report of en- 
 gagement off, 336.<i) 
 
 Trinomalai, Battle of, xiii, 82 n2, 
 147 ?i4, 166 nl, 
 
 Tripassore, 109 n2, 271 nl. 
 
 Tripe, Nicholas ; his niarriage, v, 
 180, 180 n3, 245 n3 ; men- 
 tioned, 227, 227 nl. 
 
 Tripe, Dr., 227 nl, 245, 245 n3. 
 
 Trivatore, 17. 
 
 Troutback, Samuel, 91, 91/i2. 
 
 Tulloh, Mr. and ]\Ii-s., 330 nl. 
 
 Tuncaw. See Tanka. 
 
 Tungabhadra River, Ix. 
 
 Turing, Helen, 267, 267 n?,. 
 
 Turing, John; recalled from Cudda- 
 lorc, 221 ; note on, 221 n2 
 his marriage, 267, 267 «3 
 Mayor of Madras, 303, 311 
 mentioned, 418. 
 
 Tuihig, Mrs. Jlary ; letter from, 267 ; 
 
 note on, 267 nl. 
 Turing, ]\Iary, 221 rt2, 267, 267 n3. 
 Turing, Dr. Robert, 221 n2, 267 nl. 
 Turing, Robert, jun., 267, 267 n4. 
 Turkey, Ixvi, 412. 
 Tuticorin, 1. 
 
 Ujung Salang, Jamseylon, Junk- 
 se^'lon, 10, 10/i2. 
 
 Ultumgan (altamgah), 42, 42 n4. 
 
 Umdat-ul-Umara ; note on, 59 nl ; 
 wedding of, 154, 154 «2 ; his 
 powers in the Tanjore ex- 
 pedition, 164 ; opposes the 
 Kallars, 194, 194 w2 ; eldest son 
 of Walajah, 246, 246 «8 ; liis 
 chai'acter, 303 ; question of his 
 succession, 312, 312 «2. 
 
 United States, Ivii, 363. 
 
 Upton, Colonel John ; envoy to Poona, 
 XXXV, 251, 253, 253 nl, 255, 
 258, 258 n2, 309 ; negotiates a 
 treaty, xxxvi, xlvi, 273 ; note 
 on, 255 nQ ; at Bombav, 266, 
 266 n2. 
 
 Vaidyanatha Mudaii, Vidyanado 
 Modely,Vaydanadum, 18^ 19, 20. 
 
 Vaippar, 25. 
 
 Vaireambady, 44. See Vaniambadi. 
 
 Vakil, vakeel, 24 «3, 42. 
 
 Valgra, 4. 
 
 Vallam fort ; reduced, xxiv, 165, 177 ; 
 garrisoned by the British, xxx, 
 237. 
 
 Vandalur, 105. 
 
 Vane, Lady Anne, 292 // 1 . See Monson. 
 
 Vane, Henn% Earl of Darlington, 
 292 nl. 
 
 Vane, William Harry, Viscount Bar- 
 nard, 407. 
 
 Vaniambadi, Vaireambady, 34, 44, 
 44 n2. 
 
 Vanrixtal, Mr., 131. 
 
 Vansittart, Anne (Lady Palk) ; her 
 marriage, iv, viii, 30 n3. See 
 also Palk, Anne (Lady Palk). 
 
 Vansittart, Arthur ; father of Governor 
 Vansittart, viii, 30 n3. 
 
 Vansittart, Arthur ; son of Governor 
 Vansittart, 138 nl. 
 
 (1) Tlic fifth and final action between Hughes and Suffren was tougiit off C'uddalore 
 on Iho 20tli June, 178.'5. It was the action of the 12(h April, 1782, whicli look iilace 
 off Trincoinaloo. 
 
 i 
 
473 
 
 Vansittart, ^Irs. C'athei-ino Ann ; wife 
 of Heniy Vansittart, jun., 361. 
 See Powney, Catherine. 
 
 Vansittart, Krhvard ; sou of C4eorge 
 Vansittart, 112. 
 
 Vansittart, JNIrs. Emelia, wife of 
 Governor Vansittart ; in Eng- 
 land, xxxiii, 2()0 ; a prisoner, 
 xxxiv, 83 nl ; loss of her 
 Inisband and son, 130, 133, 
 138, 138 «1, 248 ; will be guided 
 by Pa Ik, 134 ; IVIrs. Ironside 
 ■vrates to, 230 ; Petrie's applica- 
 tion to, 232 ; her sister, 245, 
 245 h4 ; Walajah's considera- 
 tion for, 294 ; mentioned, 18, 
 18 n'2. See also Morse, Emelia. 
 
 Vansittart, Emelia, jun., daughter of 
 Governor Vansittart ; comes 
 to IncUa, xx^^i, 220, 220 n2 ; 
 her marriage, xxvii, xxvii nl, 
 248 ni ; criticism of, 226 ; at 
 Calcutta, 227. 238 ; her voyage, 
 230, 230 nl ; refuses Petrie, 232 : 
 at Madras, 317 ?<]. /See Parry. 
 
 Vansittart, Gleorge, brother of Gover- 
 nor Vansittart ; at the Haldon 
 conference, ix ; Palk's brother- 
 in-law, xii ; visits Mtxdras, xiii, 
 
 15, 131 ; his engagement, xiii, 
 29. 29 «6, 50 ; at Patna, xxiii, 
 xxvii, 130, 134, 158, 202 ; sails 
 for England, xxxvii, xxxviii, 
 266, 268, 271, 273: his opium 
 venture, xxx\aii, 220, 221, 237, 
 238, 239 ; letters from, 15, 21, 
 40, 80, 92, 112, 130, 220, 229; 
 note on, 15 n2; his relations 
 with Clive, 16, 37 ; at Midnajmr, 
 
 16, 123 ; his marriage, 37 Jil ; 
 liis careless nature, 38 ; his 
 partners, 92 ; his invitation to 
 Lucia Stonhouse, 100 ; his 
 appointments, 113, 134; enters 
 Council, 204, 207, 214; with 
 Hastings at Benares, 222, 
 222 nl ; rejects Petrie's pro- 
 posal, 232 ; aids Short, 245 ; 
 at St. Helena, 274 ; his prospects 
 of the Governor-Generalsliip, 
 369, 369 n5, 370, 373, 383, 389 ; 
 mentioned, x\n, 45, '45 » I, 93, 
 101, 170, 190, 226, 227, 248. 
 
 Vansittart, George Henry ; son of 
 George Vansittart, 80, 80 nl ; 
 his illness, 130, 130 n2. 
 
 Vansittart, Henry ; his mission to 
 Sadras, vi, xxxii, 30 n3, 60, 
 97 nl ; Grovernor of Bengal, 
 viii, 13 n2, 16 nl ; returns to 
 England; xix, 13, 13 //2, 16; 
 
 Vansittart, Henry — coyitd. 
 
 a Commissioner for reform, xx, 
 116, 117 ; his financial em- 
 barrassments, xxii, 127, 128, 
 133 ; is lost in the Aurora, xxii, 
 130, 132, 141, 159, 168, 184 ; 
 his marriage, 17 n4 ; his career, 
 30 n3 ; his influence, 50, 50 nS ; 
 not expected in India, 83, 83 7i3 ; 
 breaks with Clive, 89, 89 nl ; his 
 house at Blackheath, 100, 102 ; 
 portrait of, 100 ; sails in the 
 Aurora, 111, 111 ?«2, 127; a 
 Director, 112; expected to 
 succeed Cartier, 117; his son 
 Henry, 135 nl, 159; writes 
 from JMadeira, 138 nl ; his 
 appointment of Rennell, 167 nl; 
 L. Sulivan's debt to, 188, 189 ; 
 his estate, 225, 241, 242, 248 ; 
 his house at Madras, 247, 260 ; 
 his gentle disposition, 307 ; 
 mentioned, xxvii, 18, 18 ?;2, 30, 
 37, 40, 40 nl, 51, 54, 64, 64 n3, 
 69, 80, 80 n6, 113, 124 n2, 158. 
 
 Vansittart, Henry, jun., son of Gover- 
 nor Vansittart ; his voyage to 
 India, xxvii, 159, 163, 168, 170 ; 
 his proficiency in Pei'sian, xx\T[i, 
 219, 220; his opinion of the 
 Supreme Court, xlvi, 321 ; his 
 marriage, Iviii, 360, 360 n2 ; his 
 death, Ixi, 416, 419 ; is designed 
 for the civil serWce, 135, 135 nl, 
 157 ; letters from, 159, 163, 
 168, 170, 180, 190, 227, 274, 
 290, 320, 360, 384, 410 ; visits 
 Madras, 175, 180, 202, 215, 
 219 ; carries letters, 185 ; stays 
 with Hastings, 190 ; \'isits 
 Patna, 202, 215; at Calcutta, 
 215 ; his sister Emelia, 220 n2 ; 
 Persian Translator, 227 ; is 
 commended, 248 ; accident to, 
 273 ; mentioned, xiii, Iv, 219, 
 226, 377. 
 
 Vansittart, Henry, tertius : son of 
 Henr}^ Vansittart, jun., 361. 
 
 Vansittart, IMrs. Martha ; mother of 
 Governor Vansittart, xiii, 130. 
 See Stonhouse, Martha. 
 
 Vansittart, Robert ; brother of Gover- 
 nor Vansittart, 130, 130 nl. 
 
 Vansittart, Mrs. Sarah ; wife of George 
 Vansittart, xiii, xvi ; her chil - 
 dren, 80, 204 ; her brother 
 Thomas, 100 n2, 219; joins 
 her husband, 207, 214 ; returns 
 to England, 266, 271 ; men- 
 tioned, 231, 231 n3. See Ston- 
 house, Sarah. 
 
474 
 
 Vansittart family, 269. 
 
 Vansittart & Kennaway ; administer 
 the estate of R. Palk, jim., Iviii, 
 Ixi, 362 ; letters from, 361, 
 387, 408 ; their claim on Droz, 
 409 ; mentioned, 381. 
 
 Vantellingen, Mr., 64. 
 
 Vaughan family, 63. 
 
 Vellore ; devastation around, 1 ; de- 
 fence of, 1, 365 n2 ; detachment 
 from, 23, 47 ; observation party 
 at. 44 ; fort of, 165 ; mentioned. 
 89. 
 
 Vellum, 237. See Vallam. 
 
 Vengalore, 89. See Bangalore. 
 
 Venkata, A. ; letter from, 271. 
 
 Venkatachalam, G., 210. 
 
 Venkataramaiya, C4. ; letter from, 210. 
 
 Venkata Ranga Rao, 366. 
 
 Venkata Rayalu, 210. 
 
 Verelst, Harry ; supports R. Palk, 
 jun., xvi, xvi ?i2, 92, 92 n5 ; 
 Governor of Bengal, xxii, 45 ?;3 ; 
 resigns, 80, 113; note on, 80 w8; 
 his administration, 121. 
 
 Verney, Ralph, Earl, 188. 
 
 Vernon, Admiral Sir Edward ; relieves 
 Hughes, xlvi, 302 ; is relieved 
 by Hughes, xlviii, 330, 333 ; 
 his squadron, 314, 322. 
 
 Veyjiar, Veypur. ^S^ee Vaippar. 
 
 Vibart, Mr. Hugh R., Ixvii. 
 
 Vienna, Ixv, 398, 399. 
 
 View of Devonshire, Westcote's, 415, 
 415 nl. 
 
 Views ; of Patna and Dinapore, 238 ; 
 of Hindu Temples, 369, 369 nl, 
 416. 
 
 Villages ; renting of, 97, 310 ; ceded 
 to the French, 356, 356 n2. 
 
 Villenour, Ivi, 356 7i2. 
 
 Villu])uram, 105. 
 
 Vijayanagar, 3 nl. 
 
 Vijayapur, Vizapooi', 1 //3. 
 
 Vijayarani Raz, Vijiarain Hauze, 366. 
 
 Vizagapatam ; the Investment at, 
 29, 36, 46, 50; J. Smith as 
 Chief at, 50 //4, 78. 78 //3 : 
 Bengal troo^js at, 66, 200 ; 
 Stratton as Chief at, 197, 252, 
 255 ; zemiudaries of, 200 ; S. 
 Johnson as Chief at, 210 n'i, 
 252 ; sick quarters at, 261 ; 
 inaction of Chief and Council, 
 3()() ; united to the Circars, 
 367 ; Russell as Chief at, 367 ; 
 Macartney resigns from, 371 ; 
 mentioned, 199 nl, 365. 
 
 Vizapoor. See Vijaya])ur. 
 
 Viziadrug. See (Jheriah. 
 
 Vizianagram ; rented by Sitaram 
 Raz, 48 ; Raja of, 65 ; fort of, 
 366. 
 
 Vizier. See Nawab Vizier of Oudh. 
 
 Votes, Split. See East India Com- 
 pany. 
 
 Vries, Mr. de. See Fries, Jolui de. 
 
 Walajah, Xawab ; denounces the 
 treaty with Haidar, xiv, 99, 
 106, 107 ; his debts, public and 
 private, xv, xxiv, xxv, xlviii, 
 hx. Ixii, 27, 28, 39, 46. 48, 77, 
 90, 93, 95, 96, 107, 114, 120, 
 121, 126, 126 w2, 129, 135, 147, 
 148, 152, 155, 162, 170, 178, 179, 
 201, 225, 277, 294, 315, 326, 
 327, 329 331, 371, 372, 373, 
 374, 380, 393, 401, 410, 414, 
 417, 418, 419, See also Credi- 
 tors ; Plenipotentiary at the 
 court of, XX, 132, 132 «2 ; 
 thwarts the Government, xx, 
 132, 138, 145, 146, 147, 182, 
 183 ; desires alliance with 
 Marathas, xxi, 142, 145, 178, 
 183 ; urges invasion of Tanjore, 
 xxiii, 162, 164; British 
 auxiliary force for, xxiv, 164 ; 
 makes terms Avith Tanjore, 
 xxiv, 166, 172, 174, 177 ; is 
 deemed an ally of the Crown, 
 though subordinate to the 
 Jlogul and Xizani, xxiv, 181 ; 
 aims at independence, xxiv, 
 201, 224 ; urges an expedition 
 against the Maravars, xxviii, 
 186, 193, 194; attacks and 
 occupies Tanjore, xxx, 223, 
 236, 239 ; his treatment of the 
 Raja of Tanjore, xxx, 277, 278 ; 
 Jlaratha demands on, xxxii, 
 235 ; his designs for Amir-ul- 
 Umara, xxxiv, 246 ; buys houses 
 in F'ort St. George, xxxiv, 247, 
 260 ; relinquishes Tanjore Fort 
 and releases the Raja, xxxix, 
 264, 26(5, 268, 276 ; holds the 
 Maravars prisoners, xxxix, 278 ; 
 grants tankas for loans, xl, 
 283, 308 ; apjilies to Hughes 
 for protection, xl, 276 ; his 
 sons meet the Majorit^^', xh, 
 289 ; his attitude to the revo- 
 lution, xlii, 289, 293, 297 ; his 
 disapproval of the treaty of 
 1762, xlii, 279, 305; his resi- 
 
475 
 
 Walajah, Nawab — cont. 
 
 (lence at Madras, xlii, xJv-iii, 
 218, 218 w2, 239, 293, 325, 
 325 n\ ; arrest of his manager, 
 xliii, 276, 288; his agents in 
 England, xliv, J 89 n'2, 244, 268, 
 312 ; his attitude towards 
 Haidar, xlvii, 106, 145, 183, 
 256 ; rents the Jaghire, xh-iii h1, 
 327 ; S. Siilivan's opinion of, 
 xlix, 332 ; assigns his revenues 
 to the Company, li, 310 ?f2; 
 complains of IMacartney, Iv, 
 355 ; is aggrieved by transfer of 
 villages, Ivi, 356 ; restitution 
 of the Assignment to, Ix, 372, 
 373, 411 : fetters from, 11, 58, 
 141, 213, 244, 268, 274, 296, 
 305, 355 ; his gratitude to 
 Lawrence, 11, 11 «3, 12; his 
 titles, 11 7?2. 58, 244, 274; in- 
 dependent of the Deccan, 12 ; 
 his attitude to the Nizam, 25, 
 36, 36 nl, 62; his troops, 26, 
 27, 201, 249; his gift for 
 Withecombe, 39, 77, 147 ; at 
 the Company's Gardens, 41 ; 
 goes to Arcot, 48 ; his sons, 
 58 «1, 59 Hi 154, 154 «2, «3, 164, 
 312, 312 n2; protects Haidar's 
 enemies, 61, 61 «3 ; is aided 
 by Field Deputies, 71 ; receives 
 explanation from Manila, 73 ; 
 Benfield's loans to, 109 nl, 236, 
 283 ; his share of military 
 charges, 114; invests •with the 
 Bath, 132 «2, 158 ; Du Pre's 
 opinion of, 137 ; complains 
 to the Crown, 140, 140 «1, 186 ; 
 the King's letters and gifts to, 
 143 ; his attitude to the 
 Company, 156, 186, 201, 293, 
 297, 298 ; letters to, 159, 240 ; 
 his altercations with Du Pre, 
 181 ; his intrigue with the 
 Marathas, 183, 184 ; acquires 
 Mara van territory, 194, 218; 
 claims aid against the Poligars, 
 194 ; his military successes, 
 201 ; mode of addressing, 209 ; 
 excuses Johnson's debt, 216 ; 
 claims aid against the Dutch, 
 224 ; his relations with British 
 officers, 224, 225 ; settles 
 Dutch claims, 237 ; negotiates 
 with Raghoba, 237 ; confers 
 with Pigot, 257, 284; his 
 envoy at Poona, 258 ; is 
 reluctant to restore Tanjore, 
 263, 265, 267, 268, 269, 276, 
 283 ; cost of Tanjore conquest, 
 
 Walajah, Nawab — cont. 
 
 269 ; Macpherson's memorial 
 to, 270 ; is commended by 
 Hughes, 273 ; complains of 
 Pigot, 275, 284, 301, 305, 306 ; 
 relies on Palk, 275 ; desirable- 
 ness of a treaty between the 
 Company and, 302 ; D'Fries's 
 views about, 307 ; his cut- 
 cherry, 310 ; his Diwan, 310 n2 ; 
 is excluded from treaty with 
 Tipu, 358 ; visits Sheverara, 
 
 391 ; illness of, 414 ; men- 
 tioned, xii, 20, 89, 139, 180, 
 211, 259, 316. See Muhammad 
 Ali. 
 
 Walajabad ; cantonment at, Ixii, 392, 
 
 392 n\. 
 Waller, Mr., 188. 
 
 Wandewash ; defended in 1781 by 
 
 Flint, I; battle of, in 1760, 
 
 8 rt5, 12 n2. 
 Wappmg, 91 7(2. 
 Waranga], xv, 199. 
 
 Ward, Colonel Francis Swain ; his 
 Views of Temples, lix, 416, 
 
 416 nl ; letter from, 369 ; note 
 
 on, 369 nl. 
 Wareham, 86. 
 
 Wargaon, Convention of. xlvi, 310 «1. 
 Warriarpollam, 26. 
 Warriore, 176. 
 Water supply of ^Madras ; Baker's 
 
 scheme for, xxxv, 171 ?f3, 195. 
 Watts, Mrs. Frances (" Begum John- 
 son "), 133. 
 Watson, Admiral Charles ; letter to, 
 
 X, 1 ; at Gheriah, x, 5 «6, 52 n2 ; 
 
 his capture of Calcutta, 52 n2 ; 
 
 mentioned, 83 no. 
 Watson, Colonel Henry ; owner of 
 
 the Surprise, lii, 340, 344, 345, 
 
 346; his plea disallowed, 361, 
 
 362. 
 Webber, William, ix, 15, 15 »1. 
 Webster, Messrs. James and David ; 
 
 letter to, 336 ; Burt reports to, 
 
 340 ; mentioned, liii, 346. 
 Webster, Mr., 323. 
 Welland, Abraham ; reduction of his 
 
 salary, Iviii, 376 ; criticizes 
 
 Macpherson and Stables, lix ; 
 
 letters from, 357, 369, 376, 378 ; 
 
 note on, 357 n\ ; legacy for, 
 
 382 ; mentioned, Iv. 
 Welland, Grace ; sister of (Sir) R. 
 
 Palk, xxxvi, 357 nl. See Palk, 
 
 Grace. 
 Welland, Richard, sen., iv, 254 nl. 
 Welland, Lieut. Richard, R.X. ; a 
 
 naval cadet, xxxvi, 256 ; appre- 
 
476 
 
 Welland, Lieut., Richard — cont. 
 
 ciation of, xlix, 263, 263 «1, 
 273, 273 7a, 301, 333; his 
 financial difficulties, hdii, 369, 
 408; letters from, 254, 288; 
 note on, 254 til ; promoted 
 midshipman, 288, 301 ; pro- 
 moted lieutenant, 331, 333 ; 
 mentioned, 330, 357 nl. 
 
 Welland, Robert, 288. 
 
 Welsford (or Welshford), Mr. ; a 
 cadet, 84, 84 «1, 99, 99 nl. 
 
 West, Admiral Temple, 6. 
 
 Westcote, 1'homas, 415, 415 nl. 
 
 Westcott, Charles, 147, 147 nl. 
 
 Westphalia, Ixvi, 412. 
 
 Wheeler, ]\Ir. Stephen, Ixvii. 
 
 Wheler, Edward ; member of the 
 Supreme Council, xlv ; his 
 death, Iviii, lix, 361, 369, 
 369 ??3 ; mentioned, 15, 15>?1. 
 
 White TowTi, Madras {i.e. Fort St. 
 George). See Madras. See Fort 
 St. George. 
 
 Whitehill, John ; sails for England, 
 xxxvii, 265, 265 nl, 270, 271; 
 returns to Madras and forms a 
 Government, xliv, 314, 321 ; is 
 relieved by Rumbold, xlv ; is 
 again provisional Governor, 
 xhiii, xlix, 1, 329, 331 ; sus- 
 pended by Hastings, 1, 146 nl ; 
 note on, 29 n2 ; envoy to 
 Hyderabad, 88, 88 n2 ; Chief 
 at Masulipatam, 265, 269, 
 269 nl ; uncle of Mrs. Draper, 
 271, 271 n4 ; responsible for 
 Toni Palk, 272; mentioned, 
 29, 100, 330. 
 
 Whitehill, Thomas, xxxvii, 271 n4. 
 
 Whitehill, I\liss, xxxvii. 
 
 Why tie. Councillor, 88. See Whitehill, 
 John. 
 
 Widdicombe, Mary, iv, 16 n2. 
 
 Widdicombe, Thomasine, iv. 
 
 Willot, ]Mr., 154. 
 
 Willianis, Alexander, 75 nl. 
 
 Williams, John. 388, 388 nl. 
 
 Williamson, Elizabeth, 55 n2. 
 
 Winchester school, 124 «2. 
 
 Winder, 'Ihonias, 352, 352 n4. 
 
 Winds; land, 40; longshore, 48, 
 48 «4. 
 
 Wine; madeira, 113, 141, 173. 
 
 Winsor family, 245. 
 
 Winter, Sir Kdward, 298 n2. 
 
 Withecombe, Thomas, 39 »1, 382. 
 
 Withccombe, Mr. ; Walajah's gift on 
 account of, 39, 39 nl, 77, 96, 
 129, 147. 
 
 Wombwell, George, 323, 323 /(2. 
 
 Wongole, 248. See Ongole. 
 
 Wood, Colonel John ; commands in 
 the Baramahal, xiv, xv, 82, 
 87, 88, 89, 166 nl ; is recalled 
 and courtmartialed, xiv, 82 7i2, 
 114, 115, 117, 121, 365 n2; is 
 acquitted but dismissed, xxi, 
 121, 148; note on, 82 n2 ; his 
 resignation expected, 85 ; a 
 relative of L. Sulivan, 117 ; his 
 disputes with Government, 126. 
 is restored, 162, 171 ; 
 
 Wood, Captain Robert ; accompanies 
 Pigot to Tanjore, 277, 280; 
 Town Major of Fort St. George, 
 277 n2, 294 ; aide-de-camp to the 
 Governor, 279. 
 
 Wood, Mrs., 79. 
 
 Woolley, James, 332, 332 n3. 
 
 Worangal, 67. 
 
 Worthies of England, Thomas Fuller's, 
 415. 
 
 Wrey, Sir Bourchier ; his engagement 
 and marriage, x, Ixiv, 375, 
 389, 389 nl ; mentioned, 396, 
 396 nl, 402, 416. 
 
 Wrey, Lady, 416. See Palk, Anne 
 (Nancy). 
 
 Writer ; pay of a monthly, 98 ; i^ay 
 of a covenanted, 108. 
 
 Writers' Buildings, Calcutta, 361. 379. 
 
 Wycombe, John Petty, Earl, 388, 389; 
 395. 
 
 Wynch, Alexander ; provisional Gover- 
 nor of Madras, xxix, 195, 
 196, 198, 207, 210, 212, 214, 
 216, 218, 240 ; his career, xxx, 
 74 n4, 210 nl ; opposes the 
 Nawab, xxxiv, 246 ; fails to 
 inspire respect, xxxvi, 255 ; 
 Baker's opinion of, xlv, 256, 
 316 ; at Teneriffe, 74 ; his 
 notice of Tom Palk, 75, 81 ; 
 agent for R. Palk, 96, 111, 196, 
 212 ; Chief at IMasnlipatam, 99, 
 174, 197 ; letter from, 132 ; 
 at Rajahmundry, 160 ; G. 
 Smith's representation to, 217 ; 
 appoints Tom Palk, 218 ; 
 awaits Pigot's arrival, 251 ; 
 Chokappa's opinion of, 254 ; 
 deli\ers charge to Pigot, 257, 
 258. 260, 265 ; sails for England, 
 266, 269 ; Tom Palk's debt to, 
 266, 272 ; at St. Helena, 274 ; 
 supports Benfield, 283 ; appeal 
 to, 366 ; mentioned, xiii, 94. 
 
 Wynch, Lieut. Alexander, 75 nl, 133. 
 
 Wynch, Mrs. Florentia, 75, 81, 133, 
 216. See Cradock, Florentia. 
 
 Wvnch, George, 132, 132 n3. 
 
477 
 
 Wynch, Robert, 133. 
 VVynch, Sophia, 133. 
 WjTich, William ; describes financial 
 
 conditions in Madras, Ivii, 364 ; 
 
 visits Bengal, 133, 133 ?il ; 
 
 letter from, 364, 364 n2. 
 WjTidham, Charles, Earl of Egre- 
 
 mont, 9. 
 
 Young, William, servant of R. Palk 
 jun.; Ms adventures in Ireland, 
 liv, Iv, 350 ; his list of stores, 
 339, 349 ; letters from, 349, 350 ; 
 draws a bill, 351 ; is arrested as 
 a highwayman, 253. 
 
 Yusuf Khan. See Muhammad Yusuf. 
 
 Yarde, Lieut. John ; note on, 80 n2 ; 
 
 leaves Calcutta, 131, 131 w2 ; 
 
 letter from, 282 ; mentioned, 
 
 80. 
 Yolland HUl, Ashbm-ton, 113 ri4, 231, 
 
 231 n2. 
 Yonge, Sir George, Secretary for War, 
 
 420. 
 York, Frederick, Duke of, Ixvi, 405, 
 
 406. 
 
 Zemindars of the Circars ; oppose 
 British forces, 23, 23 n4, 67 ; 
 submission of, 48, 133 ; oppres- 
 sion of, 328, 365, 365 /i3, 366, 
 367. 
 
 Zemindars of Ganjam ; control of, 
 200, 201 ; summoned to Madras, 
 323. 
 
 Zoloo. See Sulu. 
 
 Zummabundy, 133. See Jamabandi. 
 
\ 
 
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 1907 
 1908 
 
 F. W. Leybonie-Popham ... 
 Mrs. Frankland-Russell-Astley ... 
 Lord Montagu of Beauheu 
 Beverley Corporation 
 
 Report on Various Collections. Vol. I. 
 
 Corporations of Berwick-on-Tweed, Bur- 
 ford and Lostwithiel ; Counties of Wilts 
 and "Worcester ; Bishop of Chichester ; 
 Deans and Chapters of Chichester, Cap- 
 terbury and Salisbury. 
 Report on Various Collections. Vol. 11. 
 Sir George Wombwell ; Duke of Norfolk ; 
 Lord Edmund Talbot (the Shrewsbury 
 Papers) ; Miss Buxton ; Mrs. Harford ; 
 Mrs. Wentworth, of Woolley. 
 Report on Various Collections. Vol. III. 
 T. H. Clarke-Thoruhill : Sir T. Barrett- 
 Lennard, Bart. ; R. Pelham ; W. 
 Papillon ; W. Cleverley Alexander. 
 Report on Various Collect 'ons. Vol. IV. 
 Bishop of Salisbury ; Bishop of Exeter ; 
 De>in and Chapter of Exeter ; Earl of 
 Leicester ; Sir W. Clayton, Bart. ; 
 Major Money-Kyrle ; F. H. T. Jervoise : 
 Glemham Hall ; Corporations of Salis- 
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 Colonel Mordaunt Hay, of Duns Castle ; 
 Sir Archibald Edmonstone. of Dun- 
 treaih ; Sir John Graham, of Fintry. 
 K.C.M.G. 
 Report on Various Collections. Vol. VI. 
 Miss M. Eyre Matcham ; Captain H. V. 
 Knox; C. Wykeham -Martin ; K. B. 
 Tighe ; Lord Oranmore and Bi-owne. 
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 Bishop of London ; St. George's Chapel, 
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 wich, Southwold and Thetford ; Duke 
 of Norfolk ; Earl of Essex ; Sir Hervey 
 Bruce ; Col. Frewen ; H. C. Staunton ; 
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 Report on Various Collections. Vol. VIII. 
 Hon. 1-rederick Lindley Wood ; M. L. S. 
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 The Stuarts Manuscripts at Wiiidsor Castle, 
 belonging to His Majesty the King. Vol. I. 
 
 Vol. 11. 
 Vol. ill. 
 Vol. IV. 
 Vol. V. 
 
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 1906 
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 Earl of Egmont. Vol. I. Part L 
 
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