UC-NBLF B ^ oaT 3n M «VH'' DICTIOMARY OF THE EMGLISH UNGUAGE Edited iiy A, FINDLATER JILA., U.D m LIBR OF 1 UNIVERSITY O] Cla^s i^ ARY HE F CALIFORNIA. ..„.c.-o.... I-568 SUPPLEMENTARY GLOSSARY OF OBSOLETE AND RARE WORDS AND MEANINGS IN MILTON'S POETICAL WORKS, 569 PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES ,.o..c 574 TABLE OF DIVISIONS OF THE ARYAN LANGUAGES ..,..o.,= ..,.o,... 579 GRIMM'S LAW ..,,. = . ,,., 579 ETYMOLOGY OF NAMES OF PLACES, ETC $8d WORDS AND PHRASES FROM THE LATIN, THE GREEK, AND MODERN FOREIGN LANGUAGES 583 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 589 PRONOUNCING VOCABULARY OF SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES 592 SELECT LIST OF MYTHOLOGICAL AND CLASSICAL NAMES 594 THE METRIC SYSTEM ,0 .....r..... .., , 59g '^^'Sl^AL I PREFACE. In view of the extraordinary progress which has been made in the historical study of the English Language, it has been found necessary to prepare an entirely New Edition of this Etymological Dictionary. It is confidently hoped that the improve- ments, which are the result of a careful and exhaustive revision, will greatly increase its efficiency and popularity. The Vocabulary has been enriched by the insertion of a multitude of additional words. The definitions of scientific terms have been carefully verified ; and the pronunciation corrected in accordance with the best authorities. The changes in Etymology alone are so great as almost to constitute it a new work. For greater convenience of reference, the arrangement of the words has been made strictly alphabetical throughout. The Dictionary is intended as a guide in the study and practical use of the English Language ; and embraces the Meanings of Words, their Pronunciation, and Etymology. The Vocabulary contains every English word sanctioned by good authority, with the exception of obsolete and very rare words, and terms exclusively technical. It includes, however, all the obsolete words that occur in the Bible, the Apocrypha, and the Book of Common Prayer. Owing to the wide diffusion of scientific know- ledge and the application of scientific discovery to the business of every-day life, many terms that were once purely technical are now entering into the current speech. From this class of words large additions have been made to the Vocabulary. In the Definitions the current meaning of a word is usually put first. It is left to the Etymology to connect the present meaning with the root. But where the word still retains more or less of its original force, the Editor has endeavoured to increase the vividness of the definition by indicating the radical idea in italics. It has been the aim throughout to avoid a distracting multiplicity of definitions — not to pile up unnecessary distinctions, but to emphasise only the real differences in the usage of words. « The Pronunciation is exhibited in the simplest possible manner. The correct sound of every word is given by being written anew phonetically, thus obviating the use of a confusing array of marks. The accentuation has also been carefully attended to, and different pronunciations have been given in cases where authorities are divided. vi PREFACE. In tlie Etymological part of the work the results of the latest philological research are presented, though necessarily in the briefest possible way. Each word is traced to its origin, whether as belonging to the oldest known form of English, the Anglo- Saxon, or introduced from some sister Teutonic speech, as the Dutch, or Ijorrowed from the classical tongues, either directly, or through the French. Cognate words in other languages, though not in the direct line of descent, are inserted, especially when light is thereby thrown on the primary sense of the word. In thus tracing words to their origin, the aim has been to show that the study of language is one of the greatest interest, that every word has a life of its own, and is not an arbitrary and meaningless thing, but the result of laws of historic growth. It will be seen also that words throw no little light on the history of the men that formed and used them ; and that our vast and complex vocabulary can be traced to a few roots expressing the simplest ideas. In this department full advantage has been taken of the best French and German works, as also of the labours of the new English school of philologists, who have done so much during the last twenty years to promote the historic and scientific study of our owTi language. Special acknowledgment of indebtedness is due to Diez, Etymolo- gisches Worterbuch dei- Romanischtn Sprachcn (4th ed. 1878) ; to Littre's great work; to the Deuisches Worterbuch (3d ed. 1878) of Weigand, one of the continuators of Grimm ; and above all to Prof. Skeat, whose Etymological Dictionary is indispensable to every scientific student of the English language. Great assistance has also been obtained from the Etymologisches Worterbuch der Englischen Sprache (2d ed. 1878) of E. Miiller ; from the French Etymological Dictionaries of Brachet and Scheler ; from Diefenbach's Gothic Dictionary ; from the works of Morris and Trench ; and from the well-known lectures of Max Miiller. As final authorities in their respective languages, the following dictionaries have been used, Liddell and Scott's Greek Lexicon (6th ed.) ; Lewis and Short in Latin ; and the Icelandic Dictionary of Cleasby and Vigfusson. The Appendix contains a Glossary of the obsolete and rare words and meanings in Milton's poetical works ; a copious list of Prefixes and Suffixes, with their signification, derivation, and affinities, as far as ascertained ; a statement of Grimm's Law ; and many useful lists. The Publishers have only to add that this Dictionary owes its present form to an able staff, including the Rev. A. P. Davidson, M.A., under the superintendence of the late Dr Andrew Findlater. W. & R. C. EXPLANATIONS TO THE STUDENT. The Arrangement of the Words.— Every word is given in its alphabetical order. Each uncompounded verb has its participles, when irregular, placed after it. Exceptional plurals are also given. When a word stands after another, with no meaning given, its meanings can be at once formed from those of the latter, by adding the signification of the affix : thus the meanings of Darkness are obtained by prefixing the meaning of ness, state of being, to those of Dark. The Pronunciation. — The Pronunciation is given immediately after each word, by the word being spelled anew. In this new spelling, every consonant used has its ordinary unvarying sound, no consonant being employed that has more than one sound. The same sounds are always represented by the same letters, no matter how varied their actual spelling in the language. No consonant used has any mark attached to it, with the one exception of th, which is printed in common letters when sounded as in ihick, but in italics when sounded as in then. Unmarked vowels have always their short sounds, as in lad, led, lid, lot, but, book. The marked vowels are shown in the following line, which is printed at the bottom of each page — fate, far; me, her; mine; mote; mute; moon. Where more than one pronunciation of a word is given, that which is placed first is more accepted. The Spelling. — When more than one form of a word is given, that which is placed first is the more usual spelling. The Meanings. — The current and most important meaning of a word is usually given first. But in some cases, as in Clerk, Livery, Marshal, where the force of the word can be made much clearer by tracing its history, the original meaning is first given, and the successive variations of its usage defined. The Etymology. — The Etymology of each word is given after the meanings, within brackets. Where further information regarding a word is given elsewhere, it is so indicated by a reference. It must be noted under the etymology that whenever a word is printed thus : Bah, Base, the student is referred to it ; also that the sign — is always to be read as meaning ' derived from.' Examples are generally given of words that are cognate or correspond to the English words ; but it must be remembered that they are inserted merely for illustration. For instance, when an Vlll EXPLANATIONS TO THE STUDENT. English word is traced to its Anglo-Saxon form, and then a German word is given, no one sliould suppose that our Knglish word is derived from the German. German and Anglo-Saxon arc alike branches from a common Teutonic stem ; and have seldom borrowed from each other. Under each word the force of the prefix is usually given, though not the affix. For fuller explanation in such cases, the student is referred to the list of Prefixes and Affixes in the Appendix. *,* The student is recommended at once to master the following List of Abbrevia- tions occurring in the work, which will be found to suggest their own meaning. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. ace according. accus accusative. (uij. adjective. adv adverb. agri. agriculture. alg. algebra. anat. anatomy. arch architecture. arith arithmetic. astr astronomy. B Bible. book-k book-keeping. hot botany. c century. cf. compare. chetn chemistry. cog cognate. comp comparative. conj conjunction. conn connected. contr contraction. corr corruption. demotes demonstrative. Diet Dictionary. dim diminutive. dub doubtful. esp especially. cty etymology. /cm feminine. Jig. figuratively fol followed. fort fortification. Amer American. Ar Arabic. A.S Anglo-Saxon- Bav Bavarian. Bohem Bohemian. Bret Breton. Celt Celtic. Chal Chaldean. Com Cornish. Dan Danish. Dut Dutch. E_ English. Finn Finnish. Flam Flemish. Fr French. Fris Frisian. frcq frequentative. gcii genitive. gcol geology. geoni geometry. gram grammar. gim gunnery. her. heraldry. hort horticulture. inf infinitive. int interjection. inten intensive. je7v jewellery. lit literally. 7nas masculine. fuatk mathematics. mech mechanics. }iied. medicine. 7>iil. military. min mineralogy. }izj{S music. myth mythology. «., ns noun, nouns. nai. lust natural history. iiaut nautical. Jieg. negative. obs obsolete. opp opposed. opt optics. orig originally. / participle. paint painting. pa.p past participle. Gael Gaelic. Ger German. Goth Gothic. Gr Greek. Heb- Hebrew. Hind Hindustani. Hun Hungarian. Ice Icelandic. Ir Irish. It Italian. L Latin. Lith Lithuanian. M. E Middle English. Mex Mexican, Norm Norman. Norw . . ■ Norwegian, pass passive pa.t past tense. per/. perfect. perh perhaps. pers person. P/.X prefix. phil philosophy. pi plural. poet poetical. pass possessive. Pr. Bk Book of Conjmou Prayer. pr.p present participle. prep preposition. pres present. print printing. priv privative. prob probably. proit pronoun. prozi provincial. rhet rhetoric. sig signifying. sing singular. superl superlative. term termination. Test Testament. tJieol. theology. U7tk unknown. v.i. verb intransitive. v.t verb transitive. zool zoology. O. Fr Old French. O. Ger Old German. Pers Persian. Port Portuguese. Prov Provenjal. Rom Romance. Russ Russian. Sans Sanskrit. Scot Scottish. Slav Slavonic. Sp Spanish. Sw Swedish. Teut Teutonic. Turk Turkish, W,, WeUh. RSITY ) CHAMTTTERS'S ETYMOLOGICAL DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. '^ S ''^, S A, the indefinite article, a broken-down form of ATI, and used before words beginning with .the sound of a consonant. [See An.] A, used at one time before participles, as in ' She lay a dying.' It is now admitted only collo- quially. [Short for A.S. an, a dialectic form of on, on, in, at. The same word is often used as a prefi.x. See Prefixes.] Aback, a-bak', adv. (naut.) said of sails pressed backward against the mast by the wind — hence, Taken aback, taken by surprise. [A.S. onbtec. .See On and Back.] Abacus, ab'a-kus, «. a counting-frame or table : (arch.) a level tablet on the capital of a column. [L. — Gr. abax, abakos, a board for reckoninjj on.] Abaft, a-baft', adv. ox prep. , on the aft or hind part of a ship : behind. [Prefix a, for A. S. on, on, and b^/tan, after, behind — pfx. be, and le/i. See Aft.] Abandon, a-ban'dun, v.i. to give up : to desert : to yield (one's self) without restraint. [O. Fr. bandon . from the Teut. root ban, proclamation, came to mean decree, authorisation, permission ; hence A bandon = at will or discretion, aban- donner, to giv&up to the will or disposal of some one. See Ban, Banns.] Abandoned, a-ban'dund, adj. given up, as to a vice : very wicked. — n. Abandonment, a-ban'- dun-ment, act of abandoning : state of being given up. Abase, a-bas', V. t. to cast down : to humble : to degrade.—?/. Abasement, a-bas'ment, state of humiliation. [Fr. abaisser, to bring low — L. ad, to, and root of Base, adj.'^ Abash, a-bash', v.t. to confuse with shame or guilt. — n. Abashment, a-bash'ment, confusion from shame. [O. Fr. esba/ur{'Fr. ebakir), esba- hissant,_ to be amazed — L. ex, out, and int. bah, expressive of astonishment.] Abate, a-bat', v.t. to lessen : to mitigate. — v.i. to grow less. [Fr. abattre, to beat down — L. ab, from, and baiere, popular form of battiere, to ^eat : conn, with Beat.] Abatement, a-bai'ment, «. the act of abating : the .sura or quantity abated : (her.) a mark of dishonour on a coat of arms. Abatis, Abattis, a'bat-is, n. [fori.) a rampart of trees felled and laid side by side, with the branches towards the enemy. [Fr. See Abate.] Abattoir, a-bat-v/ar', n. a slaughter-house. [Fr. See ety. of Abate.] Abhor Abba, ab'a, «. in Chaldee and Syriac, a.fat/ier. Abbacy, ab'a-si, 71. the office of an abbot. Abbatial, ab-ba'shal, Abbatical, ab-bat'ik-al, adj. pertaining to an abbey. Abbess, ab'es, n. the superior of a religious com- munity of women. [Fein, oi AMhot.] Abbey, ab'e, n. a. monastery of persons of either sex presided over by an abbot or abbess : the church attached to it :— //. Abb'eys. [Fr. abbaye — L. abbatia — Abba.] Abbot, ab'ut, 71. the father or head of an abbey. . —fe/n. Abb'ess. [L. abbas, abbatis — Abba.] Abbreviate, ab-bre'vi-at, v.t. to make brief oi short : to abridge. [L. abbrevio, -atmn — ab, intensive, and brevis, short. See Brief.] Abbreviation, ab-bre-vi-a'shun, «. a shortening : a part of a word put for the whole. A.bbreviator, ab-bre'vi-at-ur, 71. one who abbre- viates. Abdicate, ab'di-kat, v.t. to renounce or give up (a high office). — n. Abdica'tion. [L. ab, from or off, dico, -aiin/i, to proclaim.] Abdomen, ab-do'men, 71. the lower part of the belly. [L.] Abdominal, ab-dom'in-al, adj. pertaining to the abdomen. Abduction, ab-duk'shun, k. the carrying away, esp. of a person by fraud or force. [L. ab, from, di(co, ductian, to draw.] Abductor, ab-dukt'ur, «. one guilty of abduction ; a muscle that draws away. Abeam, a-bem', adzi. {7ia7it.) on the beam, or in a line at right angles to a vessel's length. [Pfx. a ( — A.S. on, on), on, and Beam.] Abed, a-bed', adv. in bed. [Prefix a, on, and Bed.] Aberrant, ab-er'ant, adj., ivandering fro7n the right or straight path. [L. ab, from, erio, to wander.] Aberration, ab-er-a'shun, n. a wandering from the right path : deviation from truth or rectitude. Abet, a-bet', 7).t. to incite by encouragement or aid (used chiefly in a bad sense) :^pr.p. abett'- ing ; pa. p. abett'ed.— «. Abetment, a-bet'ment. —n. Abettor, a-bet'ur. [O. Fr. abeter—al—L. ad, to), and bcter, to bait, from root of Bait.] Abeyance, a-ba'ans, «. a state of suspension or expectation. [Fr.— ;j ( — L. ad, to), z.x\di bayer, lo gape in expectation, from imitative root ba, to gape.] Abhor, ab-hor*, v.t. to shrink from with horror: fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; moDn ; Men. Abhorrence Absorb to detest: to loathe :—/r./. abhorr'ing; /a.p. abhorred'. [L. Sec Horror.] Abhorrence, ab-hor'ens, «. extreme hatred. Abhorrent, ab-hor'eiit, «!., a mean or iow state ,' b.iseness. Abjure, ab-jOor'. v.t. to renounce on oath or solemnly. — ii. Abjuration, ab-josr-a'shun. [L. ab, (rom, jura, -ation, to swear.] Ablactation, ab-lak-ta'shun, «. a weaning. [L. ab, from, /ado, to suckle — /ac, lactis, milk.] Ablative, ab'lat-iv, adj. used as a «. The name of the 6th case of a Latin noun. [L. ablativus — ab, from, fero, iaiuiii, to take ; as if it indi- cated taking away, or privation.] Ablaze, a-blaz', adv., in a blaze : on fire. Able, a'bl, adj. (comp. A'bler ; superl. A'blest), having sufficient strength, power, or means to do a thing : skilful.— «a'z/. A'bly.' (See Ability.] Ablution, ab-li55'shun, n. act of washing, esp. the body, preparatory to religious rites. [L. ablutio —ab, away, luo = lavo, to wash.] Abnegate, ab'ne-gat, v.t., to deny. [L. ab, away, and nego, to deny. See Negation.] [tion. Abnegation, ab-ne-ga'shun. «., denial: renuncia- Abnormal, ab-nor'mal, adj., not normal or ac- cording to rule : irregular. — n. Abnor'inity. [L. ab, away from, Normal.] Aboard, a-bord', adv. or prep., on board: in a ship. [Pfx. a, on, and Board.] Abode, a-bod', n. a dwelling-place : stay. [Abide.] Abode, a-bod', /rt./. a-aApa.p. of Abide. Abolish, ab-ol'ish, v.t. to put an end to: to annul. [Fr. abolii — L. aboleo, -itnin — ab, from, olo. olesco, to grow — ab here reverses the meaning of the simple verb.] Abolition, ab-ol-ish'un, n. the act of abolishing. Abolitionist, ab-ol-ish'un-ist, «. one who seeks to abolish anything, esp. slavery. Abominable, ab-om'in-a-bl, adj. hateful, detest- able.— atfz/. Abom'inably.— «. Abom'inable- ness. [See Abominate.] Abominate, ab-om'in-at, v.t. to abhor: to detest extremely. [L. abominor, -atiis — to turn from as of bad omen. See Omen.] Abomination, ab-om-in-a'shun, n. extreme aver- sion : anything abominable. Aboriginal, ab-o-rij'in-al, adj. first, primitive. Aborigines, ab-o-rij'in-ez, n.pl. the o?'i'^/«a/ inha- bitants of a country. [L. See Origin.] Abort, ab-ort', v.i. to miscarry in birth. [L. aborior, abortus — ab, orior, to rise — ab here reverses the meaning. ] Abortion, ab-or'shun, «. premature delivery : any- thing that does not reach maturity. Abortive, ab-ort'iv, adj. born untimely : Un- successful : producing nothing. — adv. AbOrt'- ively.— «. Abort'iveness. Abound, ab-ownd', v.i. to overflow, be in great plenty ; (with in) to possess in plenty. [L. abundo, to overflow as a river, from unda, a wave.] About, a-bowt', pre/>. round on ike out side : around : here and tlierc in : near to : concerning : engaged '\\\.--adv. aronnd : nearly: here and there. — Bring about, to cause to take place. — Come about, to take place. — Go about, to pre- pare to do. [A.S. abutan — a, on, be, by, utan, outside.] Above, a.-h\i'v', prep.,on tJieup'ixA'i : higher than : more than. — rtf/w. overhead : in a higher position, order, or power. [AS. abufan — a, on, be, by, 7i/an, high, upwards, which is an adv. formed from u/^ up.] [or table : open. Above-board, a-buV-bOrd, adj. above the board Abrade, ab-rad', v.t., to scrape or rub off. [L. ab, off, rado, rasutn, to scrape.] Abrasion, ab-ra'zhun, n. the act of rubbing off. Abreast, a-brest', ad7i. with the breasts in a line : side by side : (naut.) opposite to. [a, on, and Breast.] Abridge, a-brij', v.t. to make brief csr short: to shorten : to epitomise. [Fr. abreger — L. abbre- viare. See Abbreviate.] [mary. Abridgment, a-brij'ment, n. contraction : sum- Abroad, a-brawd', adv. on the broad or open space : out of doors : in another country. Abrogate, ab'ro-gut, v.t. to repeal (a law). [L. ab, away, rogo, -atum, to ask ; because when a law was proposed the people were ' asked ' (to sanc- tion or reject it).] Abrogation, ab'ro-ga'shun, n. act of repealing. Abrupt, ab-rupt', adj. the opposite of gradual, as \l broken off: sudden : une,xpected. — n. an abrupt place.— ao'z/. Abruptly.— «. Abrupt'ness. [L. abrtiptus — ab, off, niinpo, ruptum, to break.] Abscess, ab'ses, n. a collection of purulent matter within some tissue of the body. [L. abscessiis — abs, away, cedo, cessnm, to go, to retreat.] Abscond, abs-kond', v.i. (lit.) to hide one's self: to quit the country in order to escape a legal process. [L. abs, from or away, co'ido, to hide.] Absence, abs'ens, 71. the being away or not present : want : inattention. Absent, abs'ent, adj., being away : not present : inattentive. [L. abs, away from, efis, entis, being — sum, esse, to be. See Entity.] Absent, abs-ent', v.t. to keep one's self away. Absentee, abs-ent-e', n. one who lives away from his estate or his office. Absenteeism, abs-ent-e'izm, n. the practice of a land-owner living at a distance from his estate. Absinth, ab'sinth, n. spirit flavoured with worm- wood. [Fr. — L. absinthiu7n, wormwood — Or.] Absolute, ab'sol-ut, idj. free from limits or con- ditions : complete'; unlimited: free from mix- ture : considered without reference to other things : unconditioned, unalterable : unrestricted by constitutional checks (said of a government) : (gram.) not immediately dependent. — adv. Ab'solutely.— «. Ab'soluteness. [L. absolutus, pa.p. oi absolvo. See Absolve.] Absolution, ab-sol-u'shun, n. release frsm puni^- ment : acquittal : remission of sins by a pries* Absolutism, ab'sol-ut-izm, n. government where the ruler is without restriction. Absolve, ab-zolv', v.t., to loose or set free : to pardon : to acquit. [L. ab, from, solvo, solu- tum, to loose. See Solve.] Absorb, ab-sorb', v.t., to suck in: to swallow up : to engage wholly. [L. ab, from, sorbeo, sorp- tum, to suck in.] fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; moSn ; ^Aen. Absorbable Absorbable, ab-sorb'a-bl, adj. that may be ab- sorbed.— /i. Absorbability. Absorbent, ab-sorb'ent, adj. imbibing : swallow- ing. — n. that which absorbs. Absorption, ab-sorp'shmi, «. the act of absorb- ing : entire occupation of mind. [absorb. Absorptive, ab-sorpt'iv, adj. having power to Abstain, abs-tan', v.i. to hold or refrain from. [Fr. absienir — L. abs, from, teneo, to hold. See Tenable.] Abstemious, abs-teml-us, adj. temperate : sparing in food, drink, or enjoyments. — adv. Abs- temiously.—;/. Abstem'iou.sness. [L. abs- tetnius — abs, from, temetum, strong wine.] Abstention, abs-ten'sh^im, n. a refraining. Abstergent, abs-terj'ent, adj. serving to cleanse. Abstersion, abs-ter'shun, n. act of cleansing by lotions. [L. abstergeo, -ters7im, to wipe away.] Abstinence, abs'tin-ens, n. an abstaining or re- fniining, especially from some indulgence. Abstinent, abs'tin-ent, adj. abstaining from : temperate. [See Abstain.] Abstract, abs-trakt', v.t., to draw away: to se- parate : to purloin. [L. abs, away from, traho, tractum, to draw. See Trace.] Abstract, abs'trakt, adj. general, as opposed to particular or individual : the opposite of abstract is concrete : a red colour is an abstract notion, a red rose is a concrete notion : an abstract noun is the name of a quality apart from the thing, as redness. — «. summary : abridgment : essence. — adv. Abs'tractly. — n. Abs'tractness. [L. abstractits, as if a quality common to a number of things were drawn away from the things and considered by itself.] Abstracted, abs-trakt'ed, adj. absent in mind.— adv. Abstract'edly.— «. Abstract'edness. Abstraction, abs-trak'shun, n. act of abstracting : state of being abstracted : absence of mind : the operation of the mind by which certain qualities or attributes of an object are considered apart from the rest : a purloining. Abstruse, abs-troos', adj. hidden : remote from apprehension : difficult to be understood. — adv. Abstrusely.—?/. Abstruse'ness. [L. abs- trusus, thrust away (from observation) — trjtdo, irusiiin, to thrust.] Absurd, ab-surd', adj. obviously unreasonable or false. — adv. Absurdly. [L. absurdus — ab, from, sHrdns, harsh-sounding, deaf.] Absurdity, ao-surd'i-ti, Absurdness, ab-surd'nes, «., the quality of being absurd: anything absurd. Abundance, ab-und'ans, «. ample sufficiency : great plenty. [See Abound.] [Abund'antly. Abundant, ab-und'ant, adj. plentiful. — adv. Abuse, ab-uz', v.t. to use wrongly : to pervert : to revile : to violate. [L. ab, away (from what is right), utor, usiis, to use.] Abuse, ab-us', «. ill use : misapplication : reproach. Abusive, ab-us'iv, adj. containing or practising abuse.— adv. Abusively.—?/. Abuslveness. Abut, a-but', z'.i. to end : to border (on) : — j>r.j>. abutt'ing ; ja.j>, abutt'ed. [Fr. aboulir, from bout, the end of anything. See Butt, the end.] Abutment, a-but'ment, «. that which abuts : (arch.) what a limb of an arch ends or rests on. Abysm, a-bizm', n. a form of Abyss. [O. Fr. abysme, from Lat. abyssimus, super, of abysstis, bottomless.] Abysmal, a-bizm'al, adj. bottomless : unending. Abyss, a-bis', n. a bottomless gulf: a deep mass of water. [Gr. abyssos, bottomless — a, without, byssos, bottom.] Accidental Acacia, a-ka'shi-a, «. a genus of tkomy legumin- ous plants with pinnate leaves. [L.— Gr. akakia — ake, a sharp point. ] Academic, ak-ad-em'ik, n. a Platonic philosopher : a student in a college. [See Academy.] Academic, -al, ak-ad-em'ik, -al, adj. of an aca- demy.— rtf/z/. Academically. [academy. Academician, ak-ad-em-ish'yan, n. member of an Academy, ak-ad'em-i, «. [prig.') the school of Plato : a higher school : a society for the pro- motion of science or art. |Gr. Akademia, the name of the garden near Athens where Plato taught.] Acanthus, a-kan'thus, n. a prickly plant, called bear's breech or brankursine : [arch.) an orna- ment resembling its leaves used in the capitals of the Corinthian and Composite orders. [L. — Gr. akantlws — ake, a point, anthos, a flower — the prickly plant. J Accede, ak-sed', v.i. to agree or assent. [L. ac- cede, accessjitn, to go near to — ad, to, cedo, to go. See Cede.] Accelerate, ak-sel'er-at, V. i. to increase the speed of : to hasten the progress of. [L. accelero. -atum — ad, to, celer, swift. See Celerity.] Acceleration, ak-sel-er-a'shun, n. the act of hastening : increase of speed. Accelerative, ak-sel'er-at-iv, adj. quickening. Accent, ak'sent, n. modulation of the voice : stress on a syllable or word : a mark used to direct this stress : in poetry, language, words, or expres- sions in general. [L. accenttis, a tone or note — ad, to, ca7to, to sing.] Accent, ak-sent', v.t. to express or note the accent. Accentual, ak-sent'u-al, adj. relating to accent. Accentuate, ak-sent'u-at, v.t. to mark or pro- nounce with accent : to make prominent. — Ac- centuation, ak-sent-u-a'shun, n. the act of plac- ing or of pronouncing accents. Accept, ak-sept', v.t. to receive : to agree to : to promise to pay: [B.) to receive with favour. [L. accipio, acceptum — ad, to, capio, to take.] Acceptable, ak-sept'a-bl, adj., to be accepted: pleasing : agreeable. — adv. Accept'abTy. Acceptableness, ak-sept'a-bl-nes. Acceptability, ak-sept-a-bil'i-ti, n., quality of being acceptable. Acceptance, ak-sept'ans, 71. a favourable recep- tion : an agreeing to terms : an accepted bill. Acceptation, ak-sept-a'shun, n. a kind reception ; the meaning of a word. Accepter, ak-sept'er, Acceptor, ak-sept'ur, n. one who accepts. Access, ak-ses' or ak'ses, n. liberty to come to, approach : increase. [See Accede.] Accessary, ak'ses-ar-i, same as Accessory. Accessible, ak-sesl-bl, adj., that may be ap- proaclud.—adv. Accesslbly.— «. Accessibil'- ity. Accession, ak-sesh'un, «., a coming to: increase. Accessory, ak'ses-or-i, adj. additional : contrib- uting to: aiding. — n. anything additional : one who aids or gives countenance to a crime. — adj. Accessor'ial, relating to an accessory. Accidence, ak'sid-ens, ?/. the part of grammar treating of the inflections of worfls (because these changes are ' accidentals ' of words and not 'essentials'). Accident, ak'sid-ent, n. that which happens : an unforeseen or tmexpected event : chance : an unessential quality or property. [L. accido, to fall to, to happen — ad, to, cado, to fall.] Accidental, ak-sid-ent'al, adj. happening by chance : not essential. — «. anything not essen- tial.— a/^z/. Accident 'ally. fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; moon ; Men. 3 Aoolalm Achievable Acclaim, nk-k1r>m', Acclamation, ak-klam-s'shun, K. a slioiit of ai>i>l:ui.sc. [L. ticc/aino—ad, to, clamp, -tituin, to sliout. See Claim.] Acclamatory, ak-klam'a-tor-i, adj. expressing acclamation. Acclimate, ak-klTm at, Acclimatise, ak-klTm'at-lz, ;•./. to inure to a foreign clitiuttt-. [Kr. accli- iiiater, from a and clintat. See Climate.] Acclimation, ak-klim-a'shun, Accllmatation, ak- klim-at-a'shun, Acclimatisation, ak-kllm-at-i- za'shun, «. the act of acclimatising : the state of being acclimatised. [The first form of the word is anomalous, the second is that used in P'rench, and the third is that most in use in English.] Acclivity, ak-kliv'i-ti, n. a slope upwards, opp. to Declivity,, a slope downwards. [L. ad, to, ciiviis, a slope, from root of clino, to slope.] Accolade, ak-ol-ild', «. blow over the neck or shoulder with a sword, given in conferring knighthood. [Fr. — L. ad, to, colbiin, neck.] Accommodate, ak-kom'mod-at, v.i. to adapt : to make suitable : to supply : to adjust. [L. ad, to, contmodus, fitting. See CommodlOUS.] A.ccommodatlng, ak-kom'mod-at-ing, p. adj. afiTording accommodation : obliging. Accommodation, ak-kom-mod-a'shun, «. conveni- ence : fitness: adjustment: a loan of money. Accommodative, ak-kom'mod-at-iv, adj. furnish- ing accommodation : obliging. Accompaniment, ak-kum'pan-i-ment, «. that which accompanies : instrumental music along with a song. Accompanist, ak-kum'pan-ist, «. one who accom- panies a singer on an instrument. Accompany, ak-kum'pan-i, v.t. to keep cojupany with : to attend. [Fr. accotnpagner. See Com- pany.] Accomplice, ak-kom'pUs, n. an associate, esp. in crime. [L. ad, to, complex, -ids, joined.] Accomplish, ak-kom'plish, z>. t. to complete : to effect: to fulfil: to equip. [Fr. accomplir—'L,. ad, to, conipleo, -plere, to fill up. See Complete.] Accomplishable, ak-kom'plish-a-bl, adj. that may be accomplished. Accomplished, ak-kom'plisht, adj. complete in acquirements, especially graceful acquirements : polished. Accomplishment, ak-kom'plish-ment, «. com- pletion : ornamental acquirement. Accord, ak-kord', v.i. to agree: to be in corre- spondence. — v.t. to grant. [Fr. accorder — L. ad, to, cor, cordis, the heart.] Accord, ak-kord', n. agreement : harmony : (with oiun) spontaneous motion. [formity. Accordance, ak-kord'ans, n. agreement : con- Accordant, ak-kord ant, adj. agreeing: corre- sponding. According, ak-kord'ing, p.adj. in accordance : agreeing. — According as, an adverbial phrase =?in proportion. — According to, a prepositional phrase = in accordance with or agreeably to. Accordingly, ak-kord'mg-li, adv. in agreement (with what precedes). Accordion, ak-kord'ion, «. a small keyed musical instrument with bellows. [From Accord.] Accost, ak-kost', v.t. to speak first to : to address. [Fr. accoster — L. ad, to, costa, a side.] [affable. Accostable, ak-kost'a-bl, adj. easy of access : Accouchement, ak-koosh'mong, n. delivery in child-i?'^(/. {Vx. a,3.nAcouche,3Lhcdi. See Couch.] Accoucheur, ak-kiJo-sher', «. a man who assists women in childbirth.-^/«. Accoucheuse, ak- koo-shez'. [Fr.] Account, ak-kownt', v.t. to reckon : to judge, value. — v.i. (withy^w-) to give a reason. [O. Fr. accomter — L. ad, to, co>nputarc, to reckon. Sec Compute, Count.] [value : sake. Account, ak-ku\vnt', «. a counting : statement : Accountable, ak-kownt'a-bl, adj. liable to ac- co\un : responsible. — adv. Account'ably. Accountableness, ak-kmvnt'a-bl-nes. Account- ability, ak-kownt-a-bil'i-ti, «. liability to give account. [is skilled in accounts. Accountant, ak-kownt'ant, «. one who keeps or Accountantship, ak-kownt'ant-ship, n. the emploj'- mcnt of an accountant. Accoutre, ak-koo'ter, v.t. to dress or equip (esp. a warrior) : — pr.p. accou'tring ; pa. p. accou'tred. [Fr. accontrer — of doubtful origin.] Accoutrements, ak-koo'ter-ments, n.j>l. dress : military equipments. Accredit, ak-kred'it, v.t. to give credit, authority, or honour to. [Fr. accrediter — L. ad, to, credo, -itum, to trust. See Credit.] [increase. Accrescence, ak-kres'ens, n. gradual growth or Accrescent, ak-kres'ent, adj., growing : increas- ing. [L. ad, in addition, cresc", to grow.] Accretion, ak-kre'shun, n. a growing to : increase. Accrue, ak-kroo', v.i. to spring, come. [Fr. accro- itre, pa. p. accru—\j. ad, to, cresco, to grow.] Accumbent, ak-kumb'ent, adj., lying down or reclining on a couch. [L. ad, to, cuinho, to lie.] Accumulate, ak-kum'ul-at, v.t., to heap or pile up: to amass. — v.i. to increase greatly. [L. — ad, to, cmmthis, a heap.] Accumulation, ak-kum-ul-a'shun, n. a heaping up : a heap, mass, or pile. Accumulative, ak-kum'ul-at-iv, adj. heaping up. Accumulator, ak-kum'ul-at-ur, «. one who ac- cumulates. Accuracy, akTcur-a-si, n. correctness: exactness. Accurate, ak'kur-at, adj. done with care : exact. — adv. Ac'curately. — «. -ness. [L. ad,cura, care.] Accursed, ak-kurs'ed, adj. subjected to a curse : doomed : extremely wicked. [L. ad, and Curse. J Accusable, ak-kuz'a-bl, adj. that may be accused. Accusation, ak-kuz-a'shun, n. the act of accusing : the charge brought against any one. Accusative, ak-kOz'a-tiv, adj. accusing. — n. ( grain. ) the case of a noim on which the action of a verlj falls (in English, the objective). Accusatory, ak-kuz'a-tor-i, adj. containing ac- cusation. Accuse, ak-kuz', v.t. to bring a charge against : to blame. [L. acciiso — ad, to, caicsa, cause.] Accuser, ak-kuz'er, n. one who accuses or brings a charge against another. Accustom, ak-kus'tum, v.t. to make familiar hy custom : to habituate. [Fr. accojitmner. See Custom.] [habituated. Accustomed, ak-kus'tiimd,/.(Z<^'. usual: frequent: Ace, as, n. the one of cards and dice. [Fr. — L. as, unity — as, Tarentine Doric form of Gr. Aeis, one.] Acerbity, as-er'bi-ti, «. bitterness : sourness : harshness : severity. [L. acerins, harsh to the taste — acer, sharp — root ak, sharp.] Acetate, as'et-at, «. a salt of acetic acid which is the sour principle in vinegar. Acetic, as-et'ik, adj., of vinegar: sour. [L. ncetuni, vinegar — aceo, to be sour.] Acetify, as-et'i-fT, v.t. or v.i., to turn into I'inegar. — n. Acetification, as-et-i-fi-ka'shun. [L. acetutn, vinegar, amX/acio. to make.] Acetous, as-e'tus, adj. sour. Ache, ak, «. a continued pain. — v.i. to be in continued pain : — pr.p. ach'ing ; pa.p. ached'. [A.S. ece, ace; M. E. ake."^ Achievable, a-chc v'a-bl, adj. that may be achieved. iSte, far ; me, her : mine ; mSte ; mute ; moBn ; Men. Achieve Aoumen Achieve, a-che\'', v.t., to bring to a head or end : to perforin: to accomplish: to gain, win. [Fr. aclu-ver — clu-J, the head. See Chief.] Achievement, a-chev'ment, «. a performance : an exploit : an escutcheon. Achromatic, a-krom-at'ik, adj. transmitting light ivitlwut colour, as a lens. [Gr. ei, priv., and chroma, colour.] [achromatic. Achromatism, a-krom'at-izm, «. the state of being Acicular, as-ik'u-lar, «<^'., needle-sliaped: slender and sharp-pointed. [L. acicula, dim. oi acits, a needle — root ak, sharp.] Acid, as'id, adj., sharp: sour. — n. a sour sub- stance : {chetn.) one of a class of substances, usually sour, which turn vegetable dyes to red, and combine with alkalies, metallic o.xides,&c. to form salts. [L. aceo, to be sour — root ak, sharp.] Acidifiable, as-id'i-fr-a-bl, adj. capable of being converted into an acid. — n. Aoidjfica'tion. Acidify, as-id'i-fl, v.t., to 7nake acid: to convert into an acid :—fir.p. acid'ifying ; pa.p. acid'ified. [L. acidus, sour, 3.r\A/acio, to make.] Acidity, as-id'i-ti, Acidness, as'id-nes, ?i. the quality of being acid or sour. Acidulate, as-id'u-lat, v.t. to make slightly acid. Acidulous, as-id'u-lus, adj. slightly sour : subacid : containing carbonic acid, as mineral waters. [L. acidtiliis, dim. of acidzis, sour. See Acid.] Acknowledge, ak-nol'ej, v.t. to own a kiwzuhdge of: to admit : to own: to confess. [Pfx. «{ — A.S. oil. on), and Knowledge.] Acknowledgment, ak-nol'ej-ment, 11. recognition: admission : confession : thanks : a receipt. Acme, ak'me, n. the top or highest point : the crisis, as of a disease. [Gr. akiiie—ake, a point."] Acne, ak'ne, n. a small pimple on the face. [Gr.] Acolyte, ak'o-llt, Acolyth, ak'o-lith, >i. an inferift church officer. [Gr. akoloidhos, an attendant.] Aconite, ak'o-nit, n. the plant wolf's-bane or monk's-hood: poison. [L. acoiiitum — Gx.ako- 7iiton.^ Acorn, aTcorn, n. the seed or fruit of the oak. — adj'. A'comed. [A.S. czccm came to be spelled ac-cem, acorn, from supposing it com- pounded of oak and kern or corn, seed : CEcem may be the dim. of etc, oak, as Ger. eichel, is of eic/ie ; but it is more probably derived from acer or aker, a field (see Acre), and meant primarily ' the fruit of the field.' (Skeat).] Acotyledon, a-kot-i-le'dun, «. a plant -without distinct cotyledons or seed-lobes. — adj. Acotyle'- donous. [Gr. a, neg., and kotyledon. See Cotyledon.] Acoustic, a-kowst'ik, adj. pertaining to the sense of hearing or to the theory of sounds. [Gr. ako7cstikos — akouo, to hear.] Acoustics, a-kowst'iks, n. the science of sound. Acquaint, ak-kwant', v.t. to make or let one to know: to inform.— /.«(^'. Acquaint'ed. [O. Fr. accointer. Low L. accogfiitare — L. ad, to, cog- 7iitits, known.] Acquaintance, ak-kwant'ans, n. familiar know- ledge : a person whom we know. — Acquaint'- anceship, n. familiar knowledge. Acquiesce, ak-kwi-es', v.i., to rest satisfied or without making opposition : to assent. [L. acquiesco—ad, and quies, rest.] [submission. Acquiescence, ak-kwi-es'ens, «. quiet assent or Acquiescent, ak-kwi-es'ent, adj. resting satisfied : easy : submissive. [acquired. Acquirable, ak-kwli-'a-bl, adj. that may be Acquire, ak-kwlr', v.t. to gain : to attain to. [L. acguiro, -quisitum — ad, to, and qjuero, to seek — as if, to get to something sought,] Acquirement, ak-kwlr'ment, K. something learned or got by effort, and not a gift of nature. Acquisition, ak-kwiz-ish'un, n. the act of acquir- ing : th.it which is acquired. Acquisitive, ,ik-kwiz'it-iv, adj. desirous to acquire. — «. Acquisitiveness. Acquit, ak-kwit', v.t. to free : to release : to declare innocent : — pr.p. acquitt'ing ; pa.p. acquitt'ed. [Fr. acqintter — L. ad, quiet-, rest — to give rest from an accusation. See Quit.] Acquittal, ak-kwit'al, 71. a judicial discharge from an accusation. Acquittance, ak-kwit'ans, «. a discharge from an obligation or debt : a receipt. Acre, a'ker, «. a measure of land containing 4840 sq. yards. [A.S. ceccr, Ger. acker, L. ager, Gr. agios. Sans, ajra, a field.] Acreage, a'ker-flj, «. the number of acres in a piece of land. Acred, aTcerd, adj. possessing acres or land. Acrid, ak'rid, adj. biting to the taste : pungent : bitter. [L. acer, acris, sharp — root ak, sharp.] Acridity, a-krid'i-ti, Acridness, ak'rid-nes, w. quality of being acrid : a sharp, bitter taste. Acrimonious, ak-ri-mon'i-us, adj. sharp, bitter. Acrimony, ak'ri-mun-i, 71. bitterness of feeling or language. [L. acrijii07iia — acer, sharp.] Acrobat, ak'ro-bat, «. a rope-dancer : a tumbler : a vaulter — adj. Acrobatic. [Gr. ak7-ohated, to walk on tiptoe — akron, the top, and baino, to go.] Acrogen, ak'ro-jen, «. a plant that grows at the top chiefly, as a tree-fern.— ^rf/'. Acrog'enous. [Gr. akro7i, extremity, top, geii-, to generate.] Acropolis, a-kro'pol-is, ii. a citadel, esp. that of Athens. [Gr. akropolis—akros, the highest, polls, a city.] Across, a-kros', prep, or adv., cross-vih>G : from side to side. [Pfx. a( — A.S. fJW, "ri) and Cro.'^S.I , Acrostic, a-kro'stik, n. a poem of which, if the first or the last letter of each line be taken in succes- sion, they will spell a name or a sentence. [Gr. akros, extreme, and stichos, a line.] Act, akt, v.i. to exert force or influence : to produce an effect : to behave one's-self. — v.t. to perform : to imitate or play the part of. — 71. something done or doing : an e.xploit : a law : a part of a play. [L. ago, actu77t, Gr. ago, C> put in motion ; Sans, aj, to drive.] Acting, akt'ing, «. action : act of performing an assumed or a dramatic part. Actinism, ak'tin-izm, «. the chemical force of the sun's rays, as distinct from light and heat. [Gr. aktis, aktinos, a ray. ] Action, ak'shun, 71. a state of acting : a deed : operation : gesture : a battle : a lawsuit. Actionable, ak'shun-a-bl, adj. liable to a lawsuit. Active, akt'iv, adj. that acts : busy : nimble : {gra/7i.) transitive. — adv. Actively. — 7is. Activ'- ity, Actlveness. Actor, akt'ur, «. one who acts : a stage-player. Actress, akt'res, «. a female stage-player. Actual, akt'u-al, adj. real : existing in fact and now, as opp. to an imaginary or past state of things.— adv. Act'ually.— «. Actuality. Actualise, akt'u-al-Iz, v.t. to make actual. Actuary, akt'O-ar-i, 71. a registrar or clerk : one who makes the calculations connected with an insurance office. [L. actuarius [scriba), an amanuensis, a clerk.] Actuate, akt'ti-at, v.t. to put into or incite to actio7i : to influence. [L. actus, action. See Act.] Acumen, ak-u'men, «., sharp7iess : quickness of perception : penetration. [L. See Acute.] fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; moon ; thsa.. Acupressure Acupressure, ak-n-presh'ur, n. a mode of arrest- ing hcmorrhnge from cut arteries, by inserting a needle into tlie flesh so as to press upon the mouth of the artery. [L. acus, a needle, and Pressure.] Acupuncture, ak-u-pungkt'ur, «. an operation for relieving pain by puncturing the flesh ivitiL needles. [L. acus, a needle, and Puncture. | Acute, ak-ut', adj. , j//rt>-/-pointed : keen : opp. of dull : slirewd : shrill. — adv. Acutely, ak-ut'li. — «. Acute'ness.— Acute angle, an angle less than a right angle. — Acute disease, one violent and rapid, as opp. to Chronic. [L. actitus, pa.p. of aaio, to sharpen, from root ak, sharp.] Adage, ad'aj, n. an old saying: a proverb. [L. adagiitm, from ad, to, and root of aio, to say.] Adamant, ad'a-mant, n. a very hard stone : the diamond. [L. and Gr. adatttas, -aiitos — a, neg., and da»iad, to break, to tame. See Tame.] Adamantine, ad-a-man'tin, adj. made of or like adamant : that cannot be broken or penetrated. Adapt, ad-apt', v.t., to tnake apt or fit : to accom- modate. [Fr., L. adaptare—ad, to, and apto, to fit.] Adaptable, ad-apt'a-bl,«i^'. thatmaybe adapted. —n. Adaptability. Adaptation, ad-apt-a'shun, «. the act of making suitable : fitness. Adays, a-daz', adv. nowadays : at the present time. [Pfx. a, on, and Days.] Add, ad, v.t. to put (one thing) to (another) : to sum up : with to, to increase. [L. — addo — ad, to, do, to put.] Addendum, ad-den'dum, «. , a thing to be added : an appendi-x.— //. Adden'da [L. S=e Add.] Adder, ad'er, n. a kind of serpent. [A.S. 7icedre; Ger. atter is for natter. An adder came by mistake into use for a nadder; the reverse mis- take is a newt for an ewt or e/t.^ Addict, ad-dikt', v.t., to give (one's-self) up to (generally in a bad sense). [L. addico, addic- tnm — ad, to, dico, to declare.] Addicted, ad-dikt'ed, adj. given up to. — 7is. Ad- dict'edness, Addic'tion. Addition, ad-dish'un, n. the act of adding: the thing added : the rule in arithmetic for adding numbers together : title, honour. Additional, ad-dish'un-al, adj. that is added. Addle, *'dl, Addled, ad'dld, adj.. diseased: putrid : barren, empty. — Addle-headod, Addle- pated, having a head or pate with addled brains. [A.S. adl, disease, orig. inflammation, from aa^, a burning ; akin to Lat. izstus, a glowing heat ; Gr. aithos, a burning.] Address, ad-dres', V. t. to direct : to speak or write to : to court : to direct in writing. — n. a formal communication in writing : a speech : manners : de-xterity : direction of a letter : — pi. Address'es, attentions of a lover. — To address one's-self to a task, to set about it. [Fr. adresser. See DresS, Direct.] Adduce, ad-dus', v t. to bring forward : to cite or quote. [L. addiico — ad, to, and diico, to bring.] Adducible, ad-dus'i-bl, adj. that may be adduced. Adductor, ad-dukt'ur, n. a muscle which draws one part towards another. [See AbdUctor.] Adept, ad-ept' or ad'ept, adj. completely skilled. — «. a proficient. [L. adeptus [artetii), having attained {an art), pa.p. of adipiscor, to attain — ad, to, and apiscor. Sans, ap, to attain.] Adequate, ad'e-kwat, adj., equal to: propor- tionate : sufficient.— ««'!'. Ad'equately. [L. adiequatits, made equal — ad, to, and eeguus, equal.] Administrator Adequateness, ad'e-kwat-nes. Adequacy^ .ad'c- kwa-si, «. state of being adequate : sufl^ciency. Adhere, ad-her', v.t., to stick to: to remain fixed or attached. [L. ad, to,/uereo, liasutn, to stick.] Adherence, ad-her'ens, n. state of adhering: steady attachment. Adherent, ad-hOr'ent, adj. sticking to. — «. one who adheres : a follower : a partisan. Adhesion, ad-he'zhun, «. the act of adhering or sticking to : steady attachment. [See Adhere.] Adhesive, ad-hes'iv, adj. sticky : apt to adhere. —adv. Adhes'ively.— «. Adhes'iveness. Adieu, a-du', adv. (I commend you) to God: fare- well. — n. a farewell. [Fr. H Dieu, to God.] Adipose, ad'i-pOz, adj. fatty. [L. adeps, adipis, soft fat.] Adit, ad'it, «. an opening or passage, esp. into a mine. [L. aditus — ad, to, eo, it urn, to go.] Adjacent, ad-jas'ent, adj., lying near to: con- tiguous. — «. Adjacency, ad-jaC'en-si. — adv. Adjac'ently. [L. ad, to, jaceo, to lie.] Adjective, ad'jekt-iv, ?t. a word added to a noun, to qualify it, or, rather perhaps, that adds some property to a noun. — adv. Ad'jectively. — adj. Adjectlv'al. [L. adjectivum (nomen), an added [noun)~adjicio, -jectum, to throw to, to add — ad, X.o,jacio, to throw.] Adjoin, ad-join', v.i. to lie next to. [See Join.] Adjoining, ad-join'ing, adj. joining to: near: adjacent. Adjourn, ad-jurn', v.t. to put oflf to another ^aj' ; to postpone. [Fr. ajournei — ad, to, a.'o.iX jour, day. See Journal.] Adjournment, ad-jurn'ment, n. the act of adjourning : the interval it causes. Adjudge, ad-juj', v.t. to decide. [See Judge.] .^djudicate, ad-joo'di-kat, v.i. to pronounce ^judgment.— «j. Adju'dica'tion, Adju'dicator. [See Judge.] Adjunct, ad'junkt, adj., joined or added to. — «. the thing joined or added. [L. See Join.] Adjunctive, ad-junkt'iv, adj. joining. — Adjunct- ively, ad-junkt'iv-li, Adjimctly, ad-junkt'li, adv. in connection with. Adjuration, nd-jo(5r-a'shun, «. the act of adjur- ing : the charge or oath used in adjuring. Adjure, ad-ji5or', v.t. to charge o7i oath or solemnly. [L. — ad, to, juro, -atiim, to swear.] Adjust, ad-just', v.t. to arrange properly : to regulate : to settle. [O. Fr. ajouster, Low L. adjiixtare, to put side by side— L. juxta, near ; from root jug, seen in L. jungo, to join, E. Yoke.] Adjustment, ad-just'ment, «. arrangement. Adjutancy, ad'joot-ans-i, «. the office of an adjutant : assistance. Adjutant, ad'joot-ant, n. an officer who assists the commanding officer of a garrison or regiment : a large species of stork or crane found in India. — Adjutant-general, an officer who performs similar duties for the general of an army. [L. adjuto =^ adjuvo — ad, to, juvo, to assist.] AdmeasiU'ement, ad-mezh'ur-ment, ti. the same as measurement. Administer, ad-min'is-ter, v. t. to act as server or minister in a perforLiance : to supply : to con- duct. [L. ad, to, and Minister.] Administration, ad-min-is-tra'shun, n. The act of administering : the power or party that ad- ministers, [ministers. Administrative, ad-min'Is-tra-tiv, adj., that ad- Administrator, ad-min-is-tra'tur, «. one who manages or directs : he who manages the affairs of one dying without making a wWX.^fem, Admlnistra'trix.— «. Administra'torship. 6 fate, far ; me, her ; mine : mCte ; mute ; moQn ; Men. Admirable Admirable, ad'mir-a-bl, adj. worthy of being ad- mired.— (f^/r'. Ad'Hiirably.— «. Ad'mirabloness. Admiral, ad'mir-al, «. a naval officer of the high- est rank. [Fr. ainiral, from Ar. amir, a lord, a chief.] Admiralty, ad'mir-al-ti, n. the board of commis- sioners for the administration of naval affairs. Admiration, ad-mir-a'shun, n. the act of admir- ing : {obs. ) wonder. Admire, ad-mir', v.t. to have a high opinion of: to love. — adv. Admir'illgly. [Fr. admirer — L. ad, at, iiiiror, to wonder. ] Admirer, ad-mlr'er, n. one who admires : a lover. Admissible, ad-mis'i-bl, adj. that may be admitted or allowed.— «. Admissibil'ity. Admission, ad-mish'un, Admittance, ad-mit'ans, n. the act of admitting : leave to enter. Admit, ad-mit', v.t. to allow to enter: to let in: to concede : to be capable of: — pr.p. admitt'ing ; pa.p. admitt'ed. [L. advtitto, -tnissum — ad, to, mitto, to allow to go.] Admixture, ad-miks'tur, 7t. what is added to the chief ingredient of a mi.xture. Admonish, ad-mon'ish, v.t. to warn : to reprove mildly. [L. ad, to, and jnoiieo, to put into the mind, akin to Ger. mahnen, to remind ; Gr. ftienos, spirit, mind ; Sans. ;//««, to think.] Admonition, ad-mon-ish'un, n. kind reproof : counsel : advice. Admonitory, ad-mon'i-tor-i, adj. containing ad- monition. Ado, a-doo', ft. a to do : bustle : trouble. [Contr. of at do, a form of the inf. borrowed from the Scandinavian.] Adolescence, ad-o-Ies'ens, «. the period of youth. Adolescent, ad-o-les'ent, adj., growing to man- hood. [L. ad, to, and olesco, to grow, allied to alo, to nourish.] Adopt, ad-opt', v.t. to choose : to take as one's own what is another's, as a child, &c. [L. adopto — ad, to, and opto, to wish, choose.] Adoption, ad-op'shun, n. the act of adopting: the state of being adopted. Adoptive, ad-opt'iv, adj. that adopts or is adopted. Adorable, ad-or'a-bl, adj. worthy of being adored. — adv. Adorably. — «. Ador'ableness. Adoration, ad-or-a'shun,«. divine worship: "nomage. Adore, ad-Or', zi.t. to worship: to love intensely. —adv. Ador'ingly. [L. ad, to, oro, to speak, to pray. See Oracle.] Adorer, ad-or'er, «. one who adores : a lover. Adorn, ad-orn', v. t. to deck or dress. [L. ad, to, orno, to deck ; Sans, varna, colour.] [tion. Adornment, ad-om'ment, «. ornament : decora- AdoVTTl, a-down', adv. a.r\d prep. down. [A.S. of- dune — of, from, dim, a hill. See Down, a bank.] Adrift, _a-drift', adj. or adv. floating as driven (by the wind) : moving at random. [Lit. ' on drift,' a representing A.S. on, on. See Drift.] Adroit, a-droit', adj. dexterous : %Vi\i\i\.~adv. Adroitly, a-droit'Ii. — H. Adroit'ness. [Fr. a, droit, right— L. directus, straight. See Direct. AdSCititiOUS, ad-sit-ish'us, adj., rtcto^/or assumed: additional. [L. adscisco, -scitum, to take or assume — ad, to, scisco, to inquire — scio, to know.] Adulation, ad-ii-la'shun, n. fawning : flattery. [L. adulor, adulatus, to fawn upon.] Adulatory, ad'Q-la-tor-i, adj. flattering. Adult, ad-ult', adj., grown: mature. — «. a grown- up person. [L. adiUtiis — adolesco, to grow. See Adolescent.] Adulterate, ad-ult'er-at, v.t. to corrupt: to make impure (by mixing). [L. adultcro — ad, to, alter, other ; as if, to make other than genuine. ] Advertise ' Adulteration, ad-ult-er-a'shun, n. the act of adult- erating : the state of being adulterated. Adulterer, ad-ult'er-er, «. a man guilty of adult- ery.— /i. attention to : heedfulness : regard. Advertise, ad-vert-Tz' or ad'-, v.t., to turn atten- tion to : to inform : to give public notice of. [Fr., from L. See Advert.] fate, far ; me, her ; mine : mCte : mute ; mSOn ; then. Advertisement Affluence Advertisement, ad-vertrz-mcnt, «. the act of ailvortisiiii; or iiiakinj; known : a public notice in a newspaper or periodical. Advertiser, ad-vert-Tz'er, «. one who advertises : a paper in which advertisements are publislied. Advice, ad-vIs', «. counsel : in //. intelligence. (O. Fr. iiiivis, Vr. ni'i^ — \.. ad visum, accord- ing to what is seen or seems best.] Advisable, ad-vTz'a-bl, ndj. that may be advised or recommentled : prudent: e.vpodieiit. — adv. Advls'atily. — ns. Advisability, Advls'able- ness. Advise, ad-vlz', v. t. to give advice or counsel to : to inform. — v.i. ( — With) to consult : — pr-p- advTs'ing ; pa.p. advised'. [O. Fr. adviser, from nd7i!s or ariis. See Advice.] Advised, ad-vTzd', ^dj. deliberate : cautious. — lid:'. Advisedly. —«. Advlsedness, ad-vized- nes, deliberate consideration : prudent procedure. Adviser, ad-vTz'er, «. one who advises or gives advice. [.See Advocate.] Advocacy, adVo-ka-si, n. a. pleading for : defence. Advocate, ad'vo-kat, n. one who pleads the cause of another esp. in a. court of law. — v.i. to plead in favour of. — «. Advoca'tion. [L. advocatus — advoco, -atiint' — ad, to, voco, to call : to call in (another to help, as in a lawsuit or in sickness).] Advowson, ad-vow'zun, n. the right of patronage or presentation to a church benefice. [O. Fr. — Low L. advocaiio, right of the patron — L. advocatus, a patron.] Adz, Adze, adz, «. a carpenter's tool consisting of a thin arched blade with its edge at right angles to the handle. [A. S. adcsa.] .ffidlle, e'dil, «. SeeEdlle. .ffigis, e'jis, «. (prig.) a shield given by Jupiter to Minerva : anything that protects. [L. — Or-aigis.] .£neid, e'ne-id, «. an epic poem written by Virgil, the hero of which is ^Eueas. [L. jEneis, -idos.] .ffiolian. e-o'li-an, adj. pertaining to or acted on by the wind. [Mollis, the god of the winds.] ^on. e'on, n. a period of time, an apje or one of a series of ages, eternity. [Gr. aien.] Aerate, a'er-at, v.t. to put air into: to supply with carbonic acid. |L. ai'r, air.] Aeration, a-er-a'shun. n. exposure to the air. Aerial, a-er'i-al, ad/, belonging to the air : in- habiting or existing in the air : elevated, lofty. Aerie, n'ri or e'ri, n. See Eyry. Aeriform, a'er-i-form, ady. having the _/ar}H or nature of air or gas. [L. ai'r and Jhrma.] Aerolite, a'er-o-llt, «. a meteoric stone. [Gr. aer, air, lithos, a stone.] Aerometer, a-er-om'e-ter, n. an instrument for Ttieasiirivg the density of air and gases. [Gr. aer, and Meter. ] Aeronaut, a'er-o-nawt, n. one who ascends in a balloon. | Gr. ae}\ air, nautes, sailor.] Aeronautics, a-er-o-nawt'iks, n. the science or art of navigating the air in balloons. Aerostatics, a-er-o-stat'iks, «. the science of tlie equilibrium of air or of elastic fluids : the science of raising and guiding balloons. [Gr. air, air, siatikos, relating to equilibrium. See Statics.] Aerostation, a-er-o-sta'shun, n. the art of raising and guiding balloons. .Esthetic, es-thet'ik, .ffisthetical, es-thet'ik-a!, adj. pertaining to aesthetics. — adv. .ffisthet'ic- aliy. ^Esthetics, es-thet'iks, n. the feeling of beauty m olijects, the science of taste : the philosophy of the fine arts. [Gr. aistkeiikos, perceptive — aistlianotnai, to feel or perceive.] [Far.] Afar, a-far', adv., ai ay^r distance. [Pfx. a, and Affable, af'fa-bl, adj. condescending : easy to speak ta.~adv. Affably.— «j. Aflfabil'ity, Af'fableness. [Fr. — L. aff'abilis—affari, to speak to — ad, to, and /ar/, to speak.] Afltair, af-far', «., tkat ivhicli is to be done: business : an engagement or battle of minor importance :^pl, transactions in general : public concerns. [Fr. affaire, O. Fr. afaire—ci and /aire -\.. ad, and fareiv. to do. Cf. E. AdO.] Affect, af-fekt', v.t., to act upon: to produce a change upon : to move the feelings. [L. afficio, affectum — ad, X.o,/acio, to do.] Affect, af-fekt', 7).i. to strive after : to make a show or pretence of: to love: [B.) to pay court to. [L. affecto, freq. oi afficio. See Anect above.] Affectation, af-fekt-a^hun, w. a striving after or an attempt to a;,sume what is not natural or real : pretence. Affected, af-fekt'ed, adj. touched with a feeling (eitherfororagainst): full of affectation : feigned. — adv. Affect'odly. — n. Affect'edness. Affecting, af-fekt'ing, adj. having power to move the passions : pathetic. — adv. Afiect'ingly. Affection, af-fek'shun, n. kindness or love : attach- ment : an attribute or property. [L. See Affect.] Affectionate, af-fek'shun-at, adj. full of affection : loving— oijfz/. Affec'tionately. — n. Affec'tlon- ateness. Affectioned, af-fek'shund, adj. (B.) disposed. Afferent, af'fer-ent, adj. (anat.) bringing to, ap- plied to the nerves that convey sensations to the 1 nerve centres. [L. afferens — ad, to, and Jero, to carry.] Affiance, af-fl'ans, n.,/aitfi pledged to: marriage contract : trust. — v.t. to pledge faith : to betroth. [O. Fr. affiatice. It. affidanza, confidence — L. ad, X.o,Jides, faith.] Affidavit, af-fi-da'vit, n. a written declaration on oath. [Low L. affidavit, 3d pers. sing. perf. of ajfido, to pledge one's faith.] Affiliate, af-fil'i-at, v.t. to receive into a family as a S071, or into a society as a member. [L. ad, Ut.Jilius, a son.] Affiliation, af-fil-i-a'shun, «. act of receiving into a family or society as a member : (law) the assignment of an illegitimate child to its father. Affinity, af-fin'i-ti, n. nearness of kin, agreement, or re.semblance : relationship by marriage, op- posed to consanguinity or relationship by blood : [chem.) the peculiar attraction between the atoms of two simple substances that makes them combine to form a compound. [L. affimtas — j nis, neighbouring — ad, s.t, finis, boundary.] !rm, af-ferm'. v.t. to assert confidently or posi- tively- {\-i.affir»io — ad,fir>/i7ts,f\rm. SeeFlrm.] Affirmable, af-ferm'a-bl, adj. that may be affirmed. — ;/. Affirm'ant. Affirmation, af-fer-ma'shun, n. act of asserting : that which is affirmed : a solemn declaration. Affirmative, af-ferm'at-iv, adj. or n. that affirms or asserts. — adv. Affirm'atively. Affix, af-fiks', v.t., to fix to: to add: to attach. [L. affigo, -fixum—ad, to, figo, to fix. See Fix.] Affix, af'fiks, n. a syllable or letter put to the end of a word, called also Postfix, Suffix. Afflatus, af-fla'tus, n. inspiration. [See Inflation.] Afflict, af-flikt', v.t. to give continued p.iin, dis- tress, or grief. [L. ad, to, fiigo, to dash — to the ground.] Affiiction, af-fiik'shun, n. distress or its cause. Afflictive, af-flikt'iv, adj. causing distress. Affluence, af'lloo-ens, n. abundance : wealth. 8 fate, fiir ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; moon ; Men. Afftuent Affluent, affliJo-ent, aJj. abounding : wealthy. — «. a stream flowing into a river or lake. [L. a(/luo — ad, to, _/?«ourin^ -upon or sprinkling. [L. ad, to, Jundo, fiisicm, to pour.] Afield, a-feld', adv., to, in, or on the field. Afloat, a-flot', c^v. or adj. floating : at sea : un- fi.\ed. Afoot, a-foot', adv., otifoot. Afore, a-for', /?r/. {obs.) before. Aforehand, a-fOr'hand, adv. before the regular time of accompUshment : in advance. Aforesaid, a-fOr'sed, adj., said or named before. Aforetime, a-for'tim, adv., in former or past times. [root of Affray.] Afraid, a-frad', adj. struck with fear : timid. [From Afresh, a-fresh', adv. anew. [«, on, and Fresh.] Aft, aft, adj. or adv. behind : near or towards the stern of a vessel. [A. S. oift, which is short for after. ] After, aft'er, adj. behind in place : later in time : more toward the stern of a vessel.— />?"(?/. behind, in place : later, in time : following, in search of: in imitation of: in proportion to : concerning. — adv. subsequently: afterward. [A.S. after, comp. of af, or of, the primary meaning being more off, further away ; -ter as a comparative affix is seen in L. al-ter, E. o-tJier. See Of.] Afteract, aft'er-akt, n. an act after or subsequent to another. Afterbirth, aft'er-berth, «. the placenta and mem- branes which are e.xpelled from the womb after the birth. Aftercrop, aft'er-krop, «., a crop coming after the first in the same year. Aftermath, aft'er-math, 71. a second crop of grass. [See Mow, Meadow.] Aftermost, aft'er-most, adj. hindmost. [A.S. leftemest ; Goth, af-iuina, -tnma, being equiv. to L. -tumiis in op-tiimus, best. Goth, has also aftum-ists = A.S. cef-tetn-est, which is thus a double superlative. In aftermost, r is intrusive and -}nosi is not the adv. inost.] [and evening. Afternoon, aft'er-nCon, «. the time between noon Afterpiece, aft'er-pes, «. a farce or other minor piece performed after a play. Afterward, aft'er-ward. Afterwards, aft'er- wardz, adv'. in after-time : later ; subsequently. [A.S. after, and weard, towards, in direction of] Aga. a'ga, «. a Turkislt commander or chief officer. [Turk, agha, Pers. ak, aka, a lord.] Again, a-gen', adv. once more : in return : back. [A.S. on-gean, again, opposite; Ger. eut-gegen.] Against, a-genst', prep, opposite to : in opposition to : in provision for. [Formed from again, as mhilst from while.'] Agape, a-gap', adj. or adv. gaping from wonder, expectation, or attention, [f^'t. "on gape,' from prefix a (for A.S. on, i>n), and Gape.] AgiUty Agate, agTit, n. a precious stone composed of layers of quartz, of different tints. [Gr. achates, said to be so called because first found near the river Achates in Sicily.] Age, aj, «. the ordinary length of human life : the time during which a person or thing has lived or existed : mature years : legal maturity (at 2i years) : a period of time : a generation of men : a century. — v.i. to grow old :—pr.p. ag'ing ; pa.p. aged. [Fr. Age, O. Fr. edage — L. atas^oXA. L. cevitas — L. teviim, age; cog. with E. Ever.] Aged, aj'ed, adj. advanced in age : having a cer- tain age. — n.pl. old people. Agency, aj'ens-i, n. the office or business : opera- tion or action of an agent. Agenda, aj-end'a, «., tilings to be done : a memo- randum-book : a ritual. [L. agendiis, fut. p. pass, oi ago, to do.] Agent, aj'ent, it. a person or thing that acts or exerts power : one intrusted with the business of another. [L. ago, to do. See Act.] Agglomerate, ag-glom'er-at, v.t. to make into a. ball: to collect into a mass. — v.i. to grow into a mass. [L. glomus, glomeris, a ball. See Clew, Globe.] Agglomeration, ag-glom-er-a'shun, 71. a growing or heapinjj together : a mass. Agglutinate, ag-gloot'in-at, v.t. to cause to ad- here by glue or cement. [L. agglntino — ad, to, gluten, glue. See Glue.] Agglutination, ag-gloot-in-a'shun, n. the act of uniting, as by gkie : adhesion of parts. Agglutinative, ag-gioot'in-at-iv, adj. tending to ur having power to cause adhesion. Aggrandise, ag'grand-Iz, v.t., to make great or larger : to make greater in power, rank, or honour. [Fr., from L. ad, to, and grandis, large.] Aggrandisement, ag-grand-Tz'ment, n. act of .aggrandising : state of being aggrandisefl. Aggravate, ag'grav-at, V. t. to inake worse : to provoke. [L. ad, to, gra-uis, heavy. See Grave.] Aggravation, aggrav-a'shun, ii. a making worse : any quality or circumstance which makes a thing worse. Aggregate, ag'greg-at, v.t. to collect into a mass : to accumulate. [L. aggrego, -atiiin, to bring together, as a flock-— a^, to, grex, gregis, a flock.] Aggregate, ag'greg-at, adj. formed of parts taken together, — «. the sum total. — ijrfz^. Ag'gragately. Aggregation, ag-greg-il'shun, n. act of aggreg- ating : state of being collected together ; an aggregate. Aggression, ag-gresh'un, »z. first act of hostility or injury. [L. aggredior, -gressiis — ad, to, gradior, to step.] Aggressive, ag-gres'iv, adi. making the first attack.— «. Aggress'iveness. Aggressor, ag-gres'ur, n. one who attacks first. Aggrieve, ag-grev', v.t. to press heavily npon : to pain or injure. [O. Fr. agrever, Sp. agraviar — L. ad, to, and gravis, heavy. See Grief, Grieve.] Aghast, a-gast', adj. stupefied with horror. [Properly agast ; M. E. agasteu, to terrify; A.S. intens. pfx. a, and gastan, to terrify. The primary notion of the root gas- (Goth, gais-) is to fix, stick ; to root to the spot with terror. See Gaze.] Agile, aj'il, adj., active: nimble. [L. agilis — ago, to do or act.] [ne.ss. Agility, aj-il'i-ti, «. quickness of motion : nimble- fate, far'; me, her; mine; mote; mute; moon; ^/jen. 9 Agio Agio, a'ji-o, «. the difference in value between metallic and paper money : discount. [It. aggio, agio, rate of exchange, same as agio, ease, con- venience.] Agitate, aj'i-tat, v.t. to keep moving: to stir violently : to discuss. [L. agito, frcq. of ago, to put in motion. See Act.] Agitation, aj-i-tu'shun, «. commotion : perturba- tion of mind : discussion. fcommotion. Agitator, aj'i-tat'ur, n. one who excites public Aglow, a-glo', adj. very warm : red-hot. [See Glow.] Agnate, ag'nat, adj. related on the father's side : allied. — «. a relation by the father's side. [L. —ad, to, nascor, to be born. See CognatO.] Agnostic, ag-nos'tik, n. one who holds that we knoiu nothing of the supernatural. — n. Agnos'- ticism. [a, privative, and Gr. gnostikos, good at knowing. See GnostiC] Ago, a-go', Agone, agon', adv., gone: past: since. [Pa. p. of A.S. agati, to pass away— inten. pfx. a, and gnn, to go.] Agog, a-gog', Oiij. or adv. eager. [Ety. doubtful.] Agoing, a-go'ing, adv., going on : current. Agonise, ag'o-nlz, v.t. to struggle, suffer agony. Agonising, ag'o-nlz-ing, adj. causing agony. — adv. Agonisingly. Agony, ag'o-ni, «. a violent struggle : extreme suffering. [Gr. — agon, contest.] Agrarian, ag-ra'ri-an, adj. relating to iand: applied especially to Roman laws for the equal distribution of the public lands. [L. agrarius — ager, a field. See Acre.] [of lands. Agrarianism, ag-ra'ri-an-izm, n. an equal division Agree, a-gre', v.i. to be of one mind : to concur : (fol. by to) to assent to : (fol. by ivit/i) to resemble, to suit :—/>a.p. agreed'. [Fr. agrier, to accept kindly — L. ad, to, and grains, pleas- ing.] [adv. Agree'ably. Agreeable, a-gre'a-bl, adj. suitable : pleasant. — Agreeableness, a-gre'a-bl-nes, «. suitableness : conformity : quality of pleasing. Agreement, a-gre'ment, «. concord : conformity : a bargain or contract. [agriculture. Agn.*iCUltural, ag-ri-kult'ur-al, adj. relating to Agriculture, ag'ri-kult-ur, n. the art or practice oi cultivating ihe iand. [L. agricultura—ager, a field, cidtnra, cultivation. See Culture.] Agriculturist, ag-ri-kult'ur-ist, n. one skilled in agriculture. [on, and Ground.] Aground, a-grownd', adv. stranded. [Prefix a, Ague, a'gu, «. a fever coming in periodical fits, accompanied with shivering : chilliness. [Fr. aigu. sharp — L. acutus. See AcUte.] Aguish, a'gu-ish, adj. having the qualities of an ague: chilly: shivering. Ah, a, int. an exclamation of surprise, joy, pity, complaint, &c. [Fr. — L. ; Ger. acii.} Aba, a-ha', int. an exclamation of exultation, pleasure, surprise, or contempt. Ahead, a-hed', adv. further on : in advance : he idlong. [Prefix a, on, and Head.] Ahoy, a-hoi', int. a nautical term used in hailing. [Form oi int. Hoy.] Ahull, a-hul', adv. (naut.) with sails furled, and helm lashed, driving before the wind, stem fore- most, [a, on ( — A.S. on), and Hull.] Aid, ad, v.t. to help, assist. — «. help : assistance: an auxiliary : subsidy. — adj. Aidless. [Fr. aider — L. ndjutare — ad, and jnvo, jtttum, to help.] Aide-de-camp, ad'-de-kong, n. a military officer who assists the general : — fil. Aides-de-Camp. [Fr., assistant of the camp.] Alder, ad'er, n. one who brings aid : a helper. Alb All, ill, v.t. to ^ve pain : to trouble. — v.i. to feel pain : to be in trouble. — n. trouble : indisposi- tion. [A..S. . in the same manner or form : similarly. [A.'S,. oulic. See Like.] Aliment, al'i-ment, «., nourishment : food. [L. ali)ne7itum — alo, to nourish.] Allmental, al-i-ment'al, adj. supplying food. Alimentary, al-i-ment'ar-i, adj. pertaining to aliment : nutritive. — n. Alimentation, al-i-men- ta'shun, the act or state of nourishing or of being nourished. — n. {^phren.) AllmentiveneSS, al-i- ment'iv-nes, desire for food or drink. Alimony, al'i-mun-i, «. an allowance for support made to a wife when legally separated from her husband. Aliquot, al'i-kwot, adj. such a part of a number as will divide it without a remainder. [L. aliquot, some, several — alizis, other, quot, how many.] . \.life-\ Alive, a-lTv', adj. in life: susceptible. [."^.S. ow Alkali, al'ka-li or -ll, n. Ichetn.) a sijbstance which combines with an acid and neutralises it, forming a salt. Potash, soda, and lime are alkalies ; they have an acrid taste (that of soap), and turn vegetable blues to green. See Acid : — pi. Alkalies. [Ar. al-kali, ashes.] Alkalimeter, al-ka-lira'e-ter, n. an instrument for measuring the strength of alkalies. Alkaline, al'ka-lln or -lin. adj. having the pro- perties of an alkali.— «. Alkalinity. Alkaloid, al'ka-loid, n. a vegetable principle pos- sessing in some degree alkaline properties.— «rf;'. pertaining to or resembling alkali. [Alkali and Gr. eidos, form or resemblance.] Alkoran, n. same as Alcoran. All, awl, adj. the whole of : every one of. — adv. wholly: completely: entirely.— 7i. the whole: everything. — All in aU, everything desired.— All 'S one, it is just the same. — At all, in the least fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; mocSn : ^Aen. 11 Allah dcRree or to the least extent. fA.S. eal, Ger. all. Gaol, uilr, W. oil.] Allah, aria. «. the Arabic name of the one God. [Ar. al-il/. (preceded by OK) on four legs, or on two hands and two feet. All-hail, awl-hal', int., all health, a phrase of salutation. [See Hail, int.'] All-hallow, awl-hal'lo, All-hallOWS, awl-hal'loz, n. the day of all the Holy Ones. See All- saints. [All and Hallow.] Alliance, al-ll'ans, «. state of being allied : union by marriage or treaty. [See Ally.] Alligation, al-li-ga'shun, n. [arit'i.) a rule for finding the price of a compound of ingredients of different values. [L. alligatio, a binding together — ad, to, and ligo, to bind. J Alligator, al'li-ga-tur, «. an animal of the croco- dile family found in America. [Sp. el lagarto — L. lacerta, a lizard.] Alliteration, al-lit-er-ii'shun. n. the recurrence of the same letter at the beginning of two or more words following close to each other, as in ' apt alliteration's artful d\^. [Fr.— L. ad, to, and litera, a letter.] _ [alliteration. Alliterative, al-lit'er-a-tiv, adj. pertaining to Allocate, al'lo-kat, v.t., to place: to assign to each his share. [L. ad, to, and locus, a place.] Allocation, al-lo-ka'shun, n. act of allocating : allotment : an allowance made upon an account. Allocution, al-lo-ku'shun, «. a formal address, esp. of the Pope to his clergy. [L. ad, to, and loqtcor, locittiis, to speak.] Allodial, al-l5'di-al, adj. held independent of a superior : freehold : — opposed to Feudal. Allodium, al-lo'di-um, n. freehold estate : land held in the possession of the owner without being subject to a feudal superior. [Low L. alloditiin, most prob. from Ice. aldr, old age, and otkal, a homestead ; alda-otJial, a property of ages.] Allopathy, al-lop'a-thi, n. a name given by homeopathists to the current or orthodo.x medical practice.— a;/?'. AUopathlc— «. Allop'- athlst. [See Homeopathy.] Allot, al-lot', vU. to divide as by lot: to distribute Aloe in portions : to parcel out : — pr.p. allott'iug ; pa.p. .nllott'ed. [L. ad, to, and Lot.] Allotment, al-lot'ment, «. the act of allotting : part or share allotted. Allotropy, al-lot'ro-p!, n. the property in some elements, as carbon, of existing in more than one form. [Gr. alios, another, and tropos, form.] Allow, al-low*, v.t. to grant: to permit: to ac- knowledge: to abate. [Fr. allouer, to grant — L. ad, to, and loco, to place. — Allow, in the sense ol approve or sanctio?!., as used m B. and by old writers, has its root in L. laudo, to praise.] Allowable, al-low'a-bl, adj. that may be allowed : not forbidden : lawful. — adv. Allowably. — «. Allowableness. Allowance, al-low'ans, «. that which is allowed : a stated quantity : abatement. Alloy, al-loi', v.t. to mix one metal with another: to reduce the purity of a metal by mixing a baser one with it. — «. a mixture of two or more metals (when mercury is one of the ingredients, it is an Amalgam) : a baser metal mixed with a finer : anything that deteriorates. [Fr. aloi, standard of metals, aloyer. It. allegare, to alloy — L. cui legem, according to law.] All-saints'-day, awl-sants'-da, n. November i, a feast of the Roman Catholic Church in honour of all t/ie saints. [See All-hallo WS. ] All-souls '-day, awl-solz'-da, «. the second day of November, a feast of the Roman Catholic Church held to pray for all souls in purgatory. Allude, al-lud', v.i. to mention slightly in passing : to refer to. [L. ad, at, ludo, lusum, to play.] Allure, al-lur', v.t. to draw on as by a lure or bait : to entice. [L. ad, to, and Lure.] Alluring, al-lur'ing, adj. enticing. — adv. Al- luringly.— «. Allure'ment. Allusion, al-lu'zhun, n. an indirect reference. Allusive, al-lus'iv, adj. alluding to : hinting at : referring to indirectly. — adv. Allusively. Alluvium, al-Iu'vi-um, «. the mass of water-borne matter deposited by rivers on lower lands : — //. Allu'vla.— «(//■. AUu'viaL [h.—alluo, to wash to or on — ad, and luo = lavo, to wash.] Ally, al-lT', v.t. to form a relation by marriage, friendship, treaty, or resemblance: — pa. p. allied'. [Fr. — L. alligo, -are — ad, ligo, to bind.] Ally, al-li', 71. a confederate : a prince or state united by treaty or league •.—pi. Allies'. Almanac, al'ma-nak, «. a register of the days, weeks, and months of the year, &c. [Fr. — Gr. alinenichiaka (in Eusebius), an Egyptian word, prob. sig. 'daily observation of things.' Almighty, awl-mit'i, adj. possessing all might or power: omnipotent. — The Almighty, God. Almond, a'mund, «. the fruit of the almond-tree. [Fr. ainande — L. ainygdaluni — Gr. amygdale.] Almonds, ii'mundz, n.pl. the tonsils or glands of the throat, so called from their resemblance to the fruit of the alinoiid-trcn. Almoner, al'mun-er, n. a distributer of abns. Almonry, al'mun-ri, n. the place where abns are distributed. [and Most.] Almost, awl'most, adz'. nearly. [Prefix al, quite, Alms, iimz, n. relief given out of pity to the poor. [A.S. ieliiiiFsse, through late L., from Gr. elee- ntosyfie — eleos, compassion. ] Alms-deed, amz'-ded, n. a charitable deed. Alms-house, amz'-hows, «. a house endowed for the support and lodging of the poor. Almug, al'mug, «. a tree or wood mentioned in the Bible, kind uncertain. [Heb.] Aloe, al'o, «. a genus of plants with juicy leave* yielding the gum called aloe.s. [Gr. aloe.] 12 fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mate ; mute ; moon ; i/iea. Aloes Aloes, al'az, «. a purgative drug, the juice of several species of aloe. Aloft, a-loft', aii7>. on high : overhead : [naui.) above the deck, at the mast-head. [Prefix a { — A.S. on), on, and Loft.] Alone, al-on', adj. single : solitary. — adzi. singly, by one's self. [Al (for All), quite, and One.] Along, a-long', adv. by or through the length of: lengthwise : throughout : onward : (fol. by 7uitk) in company o{.—J>rep. by the side of: near. [A.S. atidlaiig—T^re&x. ami-, against, and Long.] Aloof, a-ltjSf, adv. at a distance : apart. [Prefix a (—A.S. oil), on, and Loof. See Loof, Luff.] Aloud, a-lowd', adv. with a loud voice : loudly. [From A.S. ott, on, and hlyd, noise, Ger. laut. See Loud.] Alow, a-lo', adv. in a low place : — opp. to Aloft. Alp, alp, «. a high mountain :— //. Alps, specially applied to the lofty mountain-ranges of Switzer- land. [L.— Gael, alp, a mountain : allied to L. albiis, white — white with snow.] Alpaca, al-pak'a, n. the Peruvian sheep, akin to the llama, having long silken wool : cloth made of Its wool. [Peruvian.] Alpen-StOCk, alp'n-stok, «. a long stick or staff used by travellers in climbing the Alps. [Ger ] Alpha, al'fa, n. the first letter of the Greek alpha- bet : the first or beginning. [Gr. alpha— VL^h. aleph, an o.x, the name of the first letter, which in its original figure resembled an ox's head.] Alphabet, al'fa-bet, 71. the letters of a language arranged in the usual order. [Gr. alpha, beta, the first two Greek letters.] Alphabetic, -al, al-fa-bet'ik, -al, adj. relating to or in the order of an alphabet. — adv. Alpha- betically. Alpine, alp'in or alp'ln, adj. pertaining to the Alps, or to any lofty mountains : very high. Already, awl-red'i, adv. previously, or before the time specified. Also, awl'so, adv. in like manner : further. [All, quite, just ; so, in that or the same manner.] Altar, awlt'ar, «., a high place on which sacri- fices were anciently offered ; in Christian churches, the communion table : [Jig.) a place of worship. [L. altare — alius, high.] Altarpiece, awlt'ar-pes, n. a painting or decora- tions placed over an altar. Alter, awl'ter, v.t. to make other or different: to change. — v.i. to become different : to vary. [L. alter, other, another — al (root of alius, other), and the old comparative suffix -ter=^ E. -ther.'\ Alterable, awl'ter-a-bl, adj. that may be altered. —adv. Alterably. Alteration, awl-ter-a'shun, n. change. Alterative, awl'ter-at-iv, adj. having power to alter. — «. a medicine that makes a change in the vital functions. Altercate, al'ter-kat, v.i. to dispute or wrangle. [L. altercor, -catiis, to bandy words from one to the other {alter).] [troversy. Altercation, al-ter-ka'shun, n. contention : con- Altemate, al'ter-nat or al-ter'nat, z'.t. to cause to follow by turns or cue after the other. — v.i. to happen by turns : to follow every other or second time. [L. alter, other.] Alternate, al-ter'nat, adj., one after the otlter : by turns. — adv. Alternately. Alternation, al-ter-na'shun, «. the act of alter- nating : interchange. Alternative, al-ter'nat-iv, adj. offering a choice of two things. — n. a choice between two things. —adv. Alter'natively. Amazedness Although, awl-j?//5', conj. admitting all that; notwithstanding that. [See Though.] Altitude, alt'i-tud, 71., Iieight. [L. aliiittdo— alius, high.] Alto, alt'o, 71. [orig.) the higliest part sung by males : the lowest voice in women. [It. — L. alius, high.] Altogether, awl-too-geM'er, adv., all together: wholly : completely : without exception. Alto-reUevo, Alto-riUevo, alt'o-re-lc'vo, n., high relief: figures projected by at least half their thickness from the ground on which they are sculptured. [It. alio, high. See ReUef ] Altruism, al'troo-ism, ?/. the principle of living and acting for the interest of others. [L. alter, another.] Alum, al'um, 71. a mineral salt, the double sul- phate of alumina and potash. [L. alumen.] Alumina, al-u'min-a, Alumine, alu-min, 71. one of the earths : the characteristic ingredient of common clay. Alumina is a compound of aluminium and oxygen. [L. alumen, alum.] Aluminous, al-u'min-us, adj. containmg alum, or alumina. Aluminum, al-u'min-um. Aluminium, al-u- min'i-um, «. the metallic ba.se of alumina, a metal resembling silver, and remarkable for its lightness. Alumnus, al-um'nus, ti. one educated at a college is called an alumnus of that college : — -pi. Alumni. [L. from alo, to nourish.] Always, awl'waz, Alway, awl'wa, adv. through all Tvays : continually : for ever. Am am, the first person of the verb To be. [A.S. eoiit ; Gr. ei»ii ; Lat. sioti for esum ; Sans. as>ni — as, to be.] Amain, a-man', adv., ivith 77tain or strength ; with sudden force. [Pfx. a and Main.] Amalgam, a-mal'gam, «. a compound of mercury with another metal : any soft mixture. [L. and Gr. 7nalag77ia, an emollient — Gr. 7nalasso, to soften.] Amalgamate, a-mal'gam-at, v.t. to mix mercury with another metal : to compound. — v.i. to unite in an amalgam : to blend. Amalgamation, a-mal-gam-a'shun, n. the blend- ing of different things. Amanuensis, a-man-u-en'sis, «. one who writes to dictation: a copyist: a secretary. [L. — ab, from, and 7na/ius, the hand.] Amaranth, -us, a'mar-anth, -us, 71. a genus of plants with richly coloured flowers, that last long without withering, as Love-lies-bleeding. [Gr. a77iara7iios, unfading — a, neg., and root 7tiar, to waste away ; allied to Lat. t/iori, to die.] Amaranthine, a-mar-anth'in, adj. pertaining to amaranth : unfading. Amass, a-mas', v.t. to gather in large quantity : to accumulate. [Fr. a7nasser — L. ad, to, and 7nassa. a mass.] Amateur, am-at-ar', «. one who cultivates a par- ticular study or art for the love of it, and not professionally. [Fr. — L. a7naior, a lover — a77io, to love.] Amative, am'at-iv, adj., relatiTtg to love: amor- ous. [From L. a}7zo, -atuin, to love.] Amativeness, am'at-iv-nes, «. propensity to love. Amatory, am'at-or-i, adj., relati7ig to, or causing love: affectionate. Amaze, a-maz', v.t. to put the mind in a 7naze : to confound with surprise or wonder. — «. aston- ishment : perple.xity. [Prefix a, and Maze.] Amazedness, a-maz'ed-nes, Amazement, a-m.lz'- fate. far ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; moon ; thzn. 13 Amazing tnent, n. a feelipg .of surprise mixed with wonder. Amazing, a-m.lz'ing, f.ndj. causing amazement : astonishing. — adv. Arflaz'lngly. Amazon, am'az-on, «. one ol a fabled nation of female warriors : a masculine woman : a virago. [Ely. dub., perhaps from Gr. a, priv., ntazos, a breast ; tlicy were said to cut oflf the riglit breast that they might use their weapons more freely.] Amazonian, am-az-Cn'ian, adj. of or like an Amazon : of masculine manners : warlike. Ambassador, am-bas'a-dur, «. a diplomatic minister of the highest order sent by one sove- reign power to anothcr.-^;«. Ambass'adress. — adj. Ambassadorial. [It. atubasciadore, L. ainbacitts, derived by Grimm from Goth, ami- Icihts, a servant, whence Ger. ami, office.] Amber, am'ber, «. a yellowish fossil resin, used in making ornaments. [Fr. — Ar. anbar.'l Ambergris, am'ber-gres, «. a fragrant substance, of a gray colour, found on the sea-coast of warm countries, and in the intestines of the sperma- ceti whale. [Amber and Fr. gris, gray.] Ambidexter, amb'i-deks'ter, n. one who uses both hands with equal facility : a double-dealer. —adj. Ambidex'trous. [L. avibo, both, dexter, right hand.] Ambient, amb'i-ent, adj., going round: surround- ing : investing. [L. aiiibi, about, iens, teuiis, pr.p. of eo, to go.] Ambiguity, amb-ig-u'i-ti, Ambiguousness, amb- ig'u-us-nes, k. uncertainty or doubleness of meaning. Ambiguous, amb-ig'u-us, adj. of doubtful signi- fication : equivocal.— rti/j;. Ambig'uously. [L. ambigims — atnbigo, to go about— a;«i5/, about, ago, to drive.] Ambition, amb-ish'un, n. the desire of power, honour, fame, e.xcellence. [L. atnhitio, the going about, i.e., the canvassing for votes prac- tised by candidates for office in Rome— rt»«/5i', about, and eo. Hum, to go.] Ambitious, amb-ish'us, ndj. full of ambition : desirous of power: aspiring: indicating ambi- tion. — adv. Ambi'tiously. — n. Ambl'tlousnoss. Amble, am'bl, v.i. to move as a horse by lifting both legs on each side alternately : to move affectedly. — n. a pace of a horse between a trot and a walk. [Fr. ambler — L. aiubulo, to walk about.] Ambler, am'bler, n. a horse that ambles. Ambrosia, am-brO'zhi-a, n. the fabled food of the gods, which conferred immortality on those who partook of it. [L. — Gr. atnhrosios = ambrotos, immortal — a, neg., and brotos, mortal, for mrotos. Sans, tiirita, dead — viri (L. mori), to die.] [ — adv. Ambro'sially. Ambrosial, am-bro'zhi-al, adj. fragrant : delicious. Ambrosian, am-brO'zhi-an, adj. relating to am- brosia: relating to St Ambrose, bishop of Milan in the 4th century. Ambry, am'bri, n. a niche in churches in which the sacred utensils were kept : a cupboard for victuals. [O. Fr. armarie, a repository for arms; Fr. ai moire, a cupboard — L. armarium, a chest for arms — arma, arms. ] Ambulance, am'bul-ans, «. a carriage which serves as a movable hospital for the wounded in battle. [Fr. — L. ambiilans, -antis, pr.p. of ambiilo, to walk about.] Ambulatory, am'bul-at-or-i, adj. having the power or faculty of walking : moving from place to place, not stationary. — «. any part of a Axoioe building intended for walking in, as the aisles of a church. Ambuscade, am'busk-ad, «. a hiding to attack by surjjrise: a body of troops in concealment. [Fr. embuscadc — It. imboscare, to lie in ambush — itn, in, and bosco, a wood, from root of Busll.] Ambush, am'boosh, n. and v. same meanings as Ambuscade. [O. Fr embusdie. See Ambus- cade.] Ameer, a-mSr", n. a. title of honour, also of an independent ruler in Mohammedan countries. [Ar. amir. See Admiral.] AmeliorS,te, a-mel'yor-St, v.t., to make better l to improve.— z'. 2. to grow better. — adj. Amel'- iorative.— «. AmeUora'tion, [L. ad, to, and ■melior, better.] Amen, a'men', a'men', int. so let it be ! [Gr.-r Heb. amen, firm, true.] Amenable, a-men'a-bl, adj. easy to be led or governed : liable or subject to. — adv. Amen'- ably.— «j. AmenabU'ity, Amen'ablenesa. [Fr. amcner, to lead — a = L. ad, and mener, to lead — Low L. mitiare, to lead, to drive (as cattle) — L. minari, to threaten.] Amend, a-mend', v.t. to correct: to improve. — v.i. to grow or become better. — adj. Amend'- a.ble. [Fr. amender for etnender — L. emeiido, -are, to remove a fault — e, ex, out of, and titenda, a fault.] [provement. Amendment, a-mend'ment, n. correction : im- Amends, a-mendz', «.//. supply of a loss: com- pensation. Amenity, am-en'i-ti, n., jAeasantness, as regard;; situation, climate, manners, or disposition. [Fr. ameiiite — L. amceititas — amaemis, pleasant, from root oi amo, to love.] Amerce, a-mers', V. t. to punish by a fine. [O. Fr. amercier, to impose a fine— -L. nterces, wages, fine.] Amercement, a-mers'ment, n. a penalty inflicted. American, a-mer'ik-an. adj. , pertaining to A mer- ica, especially to the United States.— Ji. a native of America. [From America, so called accidentally from Amerigo Vespucci, a navigator who explored ]>art of the continent after its discovery by Columbus.] [American. Americanise, a-mer'ik-an-Tz, v.i. to render Americanism, a-mer'ik-an-izm, «. a word, phrase, or idiom peculiar to Americans. Amethyst, a'meth-ist, n. a bluish-violet variety of quartz of which drinking-cups used to be made, which the ancients supposed prevented drunkenness. — adj. Amethyst'ine. [Gr. a7ne- thystos — a, neg., methyo, to be drunken — methU, wine, Eng. mead. Sans, madhii, sweet.] Amiability, am-i-a-bil'i-ti, Amiableness, am'i-a- bl-nes, n. quality of being amiable, or of exciting love. Amiable, am'i-a-bl, adj., lovable : worthy of love. — adv. A'miably. [Fr. amiable, friendly — L. amicabilis, from amicus, a friend ; there is a confusion in meaning with Fr. aimable, lovable — L. amabilis — amo, to love.] Amianthus, a-mi-anth'us, n. the finest fibrous variety of asbesins ; it can be made into cloth which when stained is readily cleansed by fire. [Gr. amianios, unpollutable — a, neg., and ■miaiuo, to soil.] Amicable, am'ik-a-bl, adj., friendly. — adv. Amicably.— «.r. Amicability, Amloa'bleness. [L. amicabilis — amo, to love.] Amice, am'is, n. a flowing cloak formerly worn by priests and pilgrims : a linen garment worn by priests about the shoulders while celebrating 14 ^te, far ; me, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; moon ; Men, Amid mass. [O. Fr. amis, atnict—V.. amictus— amicio, to wrap about— rt>«(5, about, and jacio, to throw.] Amid, a-mid'. Amidst, a-midst', fmp., in ilie middle or viidst : z.mon%.— adv. Amid'ships, half-way between the stem and stern of a ship. [Prefix a, on, in, and A..S. mid, middle.] Amir, a-mer'. Same as Ameer. Amiss, a-mis', adj. in error : wrong. — adv. in a faulty manner, {a, on, and Ice. missa, a loss. See Miss.] Amity, am'i-ti, «.,/rzV7jr/j;j/>.- good-will. [Fr. aiiiitie — ami — L. aniiacs, a friend. See Amic- able.] Ammonia, am-mon'i-a, n. a pungent gas yielded by smelling-salts, and by burning feathers, &c. [Froni sal-am?iwniac, or smelling-salts, first obtained near the temple of Jupiter Ammon.] Ammoniac, -al, am-mon'i-ak, -i'ak-al, adj. per- taining to, or having the properties of ammonia. Ammonite, am'mon-Tt, «. the fossil shell of an extinct genus of moUusks, so called because they resembled the horns on the statue of Jupiter Attimon, worshipped as a ram. Ammunition, am-mun-ish'un, n. anything used for viunition or defence: military stores, esp. powder, balls, bombs, &c. [L. ad, for, miinitio, defence — munio, to defend.] Amnesty, am'nest-i, n. a general pardon of political offenders. [Gr. a-niiiestos, not remem- bered.] AmCBba, a-meb'a, n. a microscopic animal cap- able of undergoing many changes of form at will -.—pi. AmOBb'ae. [Gr. atneibo, to change.] Among, a-mung', Amongst, a-mungst', prep. of the number of : amidst. [A.S. on-getnang — ■ntcsngan, to mingle.] Am or OTIS, am'or-us, adj. easily inspired with love : fondly in love : relating to love. — adzK Am'or- ously.— «. Am'orousness. [L. amor, love.] Amorphous, a-morf 'us, «(/;■. without regular shape, shapeless. [Gr. a, neg., and jncrphe, form.] Amount, a-mownt', v.i. to mount or rise to: to result in. — n. the whole sum : the effect or result. [O. Fr. amonter, to ascend — L. cul, to, nions, a mountain.] Amour, am-oor', n. a love intrigue. [Fr,— L. amor, love.] Amphibia, am-fi'bi-a, Amphibials or Amphi- bians, n.pl. animals capable of liznno hoth under water and on land. — adj. Amphl'blOUS. [Gr. amphi. both, hios, life.] AmphictjronlC. am-fik-ti-on'ik, adj. The Amphic- tyonic Council was an old Greek assembly com- posed of deputies from twelve of the leading states. [Gr. atnpkiktyones, orig. dub.] Amphitheatre, am-fi-the'a-ter, n. an oval or cir- cular edifice having rows of seats one above another, around an open space, called the arena, in which public spectacles were exhib- ited : anything like an amphitheatre in form. [Gr. ainphi, round about, tkeairon, a place for seeing — theaoinai, to see.] Ample, am' pi, adj. spacious: large enough: liberal.— arfi/. Am'ply.— ?«. Am'pleness. [l. antplus, large.] Amplification, am'pli-fi-ka'shun, n. enlargement. Amplify, am'pli-fi, v.i. to make more copious in expression : to add to. [L. amphis, large, and Jacio, to make.] Amplitude, am'pli-tad, «. largeness : the distance from the east point of a 'horizon at which a heavenly body rises, or from the west point at which it sets. Analyse Amputate, am'put-at, v.i. to cut off, as a limb of an animal. — «. Amputa'tlon. [L. atnb, round about, puto, to cut.] Amuck, a-muk', adv. wildly: madly. [Malay, ainoi:, intoxicated or excited to madness.] Amulet, am'u-let, «. a gem, scroll, or other object carried about the person, as a charm against evil. [L. ainjtletiitn, a word of unknown origin ; curiously like the mod. Ar. himalak,-ai, lit. 'a carrier,' often applied to a shoulder-belt, by which a small Koran is hung on the breast,] Amuse, a-muz', v t. to occupy pleasantly : to beguile with expectation. [Fr. atmiser.'\ Amusement, a-muz'ment, n. that which amuses : pastime. [entertaining. — adv. Amus'ingly. Amusing, a-muz'ing, adj. affording amusement : Amyloid, am'il-oid, n. a half-gelatinous substance like starch, found in some seeds. [Gr. amylon, the finest flour, starch ; lit. 'unground' — a, neg., myle, a mill, and eidos, form.] An, an, adj., one: the indefinite article, used before words beginning with the sound of a vowel. [A.S. a«. See One.] An, an, conj. if. [A form of And.] Ana, a'na, a suffix to names of persons or places, denoting a collection of memorable sayings, as jfoh?isoniana, sayings of Dr Johnson. ['The neuter plural termination of L. adjectives in -anns = pertaining to.] Anabaptist, an-a-bapt'ist, n. one who holds that baptism ought to be administered only to adults (by immersion), and therefore that those bapt- ised in infancy ojight to be baptised again. —71. Anabapt'ism. [Gr. ana, again, baptizo, to dip in water, to baptise.] Anachronism, an-a'kron-izm, n. an error in regard to time, whereby a thing is assigned to an earlier or to a later age than what it belongs to. — adj. AnachroniSt'iC. [Gr. ana, back- wards, chronos, time.] * Anaconda, an-a-kon'da, n. a large snake, a species of boa, found in South America. Anacreontic, an-a-kre-ont'ik, adj. after the manner of the Greek poet Ajiacreon : free. Anaemia, an-em'i-a, «. a morbid want of !)lood; the condition of the body after great loss of blood. [Gr. a, an, neg., haima, blood.] Aneesthetic, an-es-thet'ik, adj. producing insensi- bility. — n. a substance, as chloroform, that pro- duces insensibility. [Gr. a, an, neg., aistliesis, sensation — aistlianomai, to feel.] Anaglyph, an'a-glif, n. an ornament car-ved in relief. — adj. Anaglypt'iC. [Gr. ana, up, glypfio, to carve.] Anagram, an'a-gram,. n. a word or sentence formed by rezvritifig (in a different order) the letters of another word or sentence : as ' live' — 'evil.'— rt^'. Anagrammat'ic, -al. [Gr. aita, again, grapho, to write.] Anal, an'al, adj. pertaining to or near the anus. Analogical, an-a-loj'ik-al, adj. having, or accord- ing to, analogy. Analogous, an-a1og-us, adj having analogy : bearing some resemblance to : similar. Analogue, an'a-lug, «. a word or body bearing analogy to, or resembling another: (anat.) an organ which performs the same function as another, though differing from it in structure. [See Homologue.] Analogy, an-a'lo-ji, «. an agreement or corre- spondence in certain respects between things othervvise different : relation in general : like- ness. [Gr. ana, according to, and togoi, ratio.] Analyse, an'a-llz, v.i. to resolve a whole into its fate, far; me, her; nunei mote; mute; moon; // in a temple : an ecclesiastical curse : any person or thing anathematised. [Gr. ana, up, iithemi, to set.] [accursed. Anathematise, an-a'them-at-Tz, v.t. to pronounce Anatomic, -al, an-a-tomik, -al, adj. relating to anatomy. Anatomise, an-a'tom-Tz, v. i. to dissect a body : [fig.) to lay open minutely. [From Anatomy.] Anatomist, an-a'tom-ist, n. one skilled in ana- tomy. Anatomy, an-a'tom-i, «. the art of dissecting any organised body : science of the structure of the body learned by dissection. [Gr. ana, up, asunder, temno, to cut.] Anhury, an'ber-i, n. a disease in turnips, in which the root becomes divided into a number of parts — hence the popular name Fingers and Toes. [From A.S. aiiipre, a crooked swelling vein.] Ancestor, an'ses-tur, «. one from whom a person has descended : a forefather. -^';«. An'cestresS. — adj. Ancestral. [O. Fr. nncestre — L. ante- cessor — ante, before, cedo, cessum, to go.] Ancestry, an'ses-tri, «. a line of ancestors : lineage. Anchor, angk'ur, n. a hooked iron instrument that holds a ship by sticking into the ground : (y?ir.) anything that gives stability or security. — ~j.t. to fix by an anchor: to 'asten. — v.i. to cast anchor : to stop, or rest on. [Fr. ancre — L. ancora — Gr. angkyra, from augkos, a bend — root u>igk, bent. Conn, with Angle.] Anchorage, angk'ur-aj, n. ground for anchoring : duty imposed on ships tor anchoring. ftHChoret, ang'kor-et. Anchorite, ang'kor-It, n. one who has withdrawn from the world : a her- mit. [Gr. anachoretes — ana, apart, ckoreo, to go-] , , Anchovy, an-choVi, n. a small fish of the herrmg kind from which a sauce is made. [Sp. and Port, anchova : Fr. anchois. Of doubtful ety.j Ancient, un'shent, adj. old : belonging to former times. — n.pl. An'cients, those wlio lived in re- mote times : in B., elders. — adv. An'Ciently. — «. An'cientness. [Fr. aticien—hovr L. an- tianiis, old- L. ante, before, prob. conn, with And. See Antique] Ancient, Sn'shent, 11. (obs.) 3^ flag or its bearer: an ensign. [Corr. of Fr. enseigne. See Ensign.] Ancillary, an'sil-ar-i, adj. subservient. [L. a>icilla, a maid-servant.] And, and, conj. signifies addition, and is used to connect words and sent-ences: in M.E. it was Anguish used for if. [A.S., and in the other Tent, lancr.: prob. allied to L. ante, Gr. anti, over against.] Andante, an-dan'te, adj., going easily : moder- ately slow: e.xpressive. [It. — andare, to go.] Andiron, and'l-urn, n. the iron bars which support the ends of the logs in a wood-fire, or in which a spit turns. [Ety. dub.] Anecdotal, an'ek-dot-al, Anecdotlcal, an-ek- dot'i-kal, adj., in the form of an anecdote. Anecdote, an'ek-det, n. an incident of private life : a short story. [Gr., not published — a, a?i, neg. , and ekdotos, published — ek, out, and ditiotni, to give.] Anele, an-el', v.t. to anointwith oil: to administer extreme unction. [A.S. on-elan — oji, on, and ele, oil.] Anemometer, a-nem-om'et-er, 7!. an instrument for measuring the force of the wind. [Gr. anemos, wuid, and Meter.] Anemone, a-nem'o-ne, n. a plant of the crowfoot family. [Said to be from Gr. anemos, wind, because some of the species love exposed situa- tions.] Aneroid, an'e-roid, adj. noting a barometer by which the pressure of the air is measured ivith- oitt the use of liquid or quicksilver. [Gr. a, neg., neros, wet.j Aneurism, an'ur-izm, n. a soft tumour, arising from the widening 7cp or dilatation of an artery. [Gr. aneurisina — ana, up, eurys, wide.] Anew, a-nu', adv. afresh : again. [M. E. of -new — A.S. e/; Of, and New.] Angel, an'jel, n. a divine messenger : a minister- ing spirit: an old E. coin=ios. , bearing the figure of an angel. — adjs. AngeliC, an-jel'ik, Angel'ical.— rti/z/. Angelically. [Gr. angelos, a messenger.] Anger, ang'ger, n. a strong passion excited by injury. — z'.t. to make angry. [Ice. angr ; allied to Anguish.] Angina, anj-i'na, n. applied to diseases in whick a sense of tightening or suffocation is a pro- minent symptom. [L. See Anguish.] Angle, ang'gl, n. a corner : the point where two lines meet: {geom.) the inclination of two straight lines which meet, but are not in the same straight line. [Fr.— L. anguliis ; cog. with Gr. angkylos ; both from root angk, ak, to bend, seen also in Anchor, Ankle.] Angle, ang'gl, n., a hook or bc7id: a fishing-rod with line and hook. — v.i. to fish with an angle. — v.t. to entice : to try to gain by some artifice. [A.S. angel, a hook, allied to Anchor.] Angler, ang'gler, n. one who fishes with an angle. — Angling, ang'gling, n. the art or practice of fishing with an angle. [English.] Anglican, ang'glik-an, adj., English. [See Anglicanism, ang'glik-an-izm, «. attachment to English institutions, esp. the English Church : the principles of the English Church. Ang;licise, ang'glis-Iz, v.t. to express in English idiom. [peculiarity of language. Anglicism, ang'glis-izm, «. an English idiom or Anglo-, ang'g\o, pfx., English — used in composi- tion ; as Anglo-Saxon, &c. Anglomania, ang'glo-man'i-a, «., a 7na>iia for what is English : an indiscriminate admiration of English institutions. Anglo-Saxon, ang^glo-saks'un, adj. applied to the earliest form of the English language ; the term Old English is now preferred bysome. Angry, .ang'gri, adj . excited with anger : in- flamed.— Angrily, ang'gri-li,_(M'z'. Anguish, ang'gwish, }i. excessive pain of body or 16 ^fate, far; me, her; mine; m6te; mute; moQn; Men- I Angular mind : agony. [Fr. a>ig;oisse — L. angitsiia, a strait, straitness— rt«^o, to press tightly : to strangle. See Anger.] Angular, ang'gu-iar, ((.//■. having an angle or curner: Iji^.) stiff in manner: the opposite of easy or graceful. — «. Angularity. Anights, a-nlts', aiiv., of uighis, at night. Anile, an'Tl, adj. old - v/omanish ; imbecile. — AniUty, an-il'i-ti, «. [L. amis, an old Avoman.] Aniline, an'il-in, n. a product of coal-tar, exten- sively used in dyeing. \_A}ul, an indigo plant, from which also it is made.] Animadversion, an-im-ad-ver'shun, n. criticism, censure, or reproof. Animadvert, an-im-ad-vert', v.{. to criticise or censure. [L. , to turn the mind to — aptimus, the mind, ad, to, and verio, to turn.] Animal, an'im-al, ?i. an organised being, having life, sensation, and voluntary motion : it is dis- tinguished from a plant, which is organised and has life, but not sensation or voluntary motion ; the name sometimes implies the absence of the higher faculties peculiar to man. — adj. of or belonging to animals: sensual. [L. — ajiitna, air, life, Gr. aiiemos, wind^rt^, aSmi, Sans, an, to breathe, to blow.] Animalcule, an-im-alliul, n., a small animal, esp. one that cannot be seen by the naked eye. — //. Animarcules, or Animal'cula. [L. apii- iitaladitm, dim. oi animal. \ Animalism, an'im-al-izm, 71. the state of being actuated by animal appetites only : sensuality. Animate, an'im-at, v.t. to give life to : to enliven or inspirit. — adj. living : possessing animal life. [See Animal.] Animated, an'im-at-ed, adj. lively ; full of .spirit. Animation, an-im-il'shun, 71. liveliness : vigour. Animism, an'im-izm, «. theory which regards the belief mjr//«V^, that appear in dreams, &c., as the germ of religious ideas. [L. anitna, the soul.] Animosity, an-im-os'i-ti, n. bitter hatred : enmity. [L. afiimosiias, fullness of spirit. See Animal.] Animus, an'im-us, n. intention : spirit : prejudice against. [L. anitnus, spirit, soul, as dist. from atiima, the mere life. See Animal.] Anise, an'is, n. aromatic plant, the seeds of which are used in making cordials. [Gr. atiisoji.^ Anker, angk'er, II. a liquid measure used on the continent, formerly in England, varying from about seven to nine gallons. [Dut.] Ankle, angk'l, ?/. the joint between the foot and leg, forming an angle or bend. [A.S. a?iclecnv, cog. with Ger. enkel, and conn, with Angle.] Anklet, angk'let, n. an ornament for the ankle. Anna, an'a, n. an Indian coin worth i^d. sterling. Annalist, an al-ist, 71. a writer of annals. Annals, an'alz, n.pl. records of events under the years in which they happened : year-books. [L. aniiales — a7i7ius, a year,] Anneal, an-el', v.t. to temper glass or metals by subjecting them to great heat and gradually cooling : to heat in order to fix colours on, as glass. — n. Anneal'ing. [A.S. a/iielan, to set on tire — a Ian, to burn.] Annelida, an-el'i-da, 71. a class of animals having a long body composed of numerous ri7igs, as worms, leeches, &c. [L. aniiellus, dim. of an- mtbis, a ring.] Annex, an-neks', v.i. to add to the end : to aflSx. — n. something added. [L — ad, to, necto, to tie.] Annexation, an-neks-a'shun, «. act of annexing. Annillilate, an-nl'hil-St, v.t. to reduce to iwthing: Answerable to put out of existence. [L. ad, to, nihil, nothing.] AnniMlation, an-nl-hil-a'shun, n. state of being reduced to nothing : act of destroying. Anniversary, an-ni-ver.-,'ar-i, adj., reUt7-niiig or happening every year: annual. — «. the day of the year on which an event happened or is cele- brated. [L. aniijis, a year, and verio, versum, to turn.] Annotate, an'not-at, 71. t., to make Ttotes upon. [L. a)i7tflto — ad, to, 7ioto, -atitm, to mark.] Annotation, an-not-a'shun, 71. a note of explana- tion : comment. [commentator. Annotator, an-not-at'ur, n. a writer of notes : a Announce, an-nowns', v.t. to declare: to give public notice of — «. Announcement. [Fr. a7mo7tcer, L. a}i7iu7iciare — ad, to, nuncio, -are, to deliver news.] Annoy, an-noi', v.t. to trouble : to vex : to tease : —pr.p. Annoy'ing; pa.p. Annoyed'. [Fr. e7i7iuyer. It. an7wiare — L. z« odio esse, to be hateful to.] Annoyance, an-noi'ans, n. that which annoys. Annual, an'nu-al, r^j., yearly; coming every year : requiring to be renewed every year. — «. a plant that lives but one year : a book pub- lished yearly. — adv. An'nually. [L. annualis — a7t7uis, a year.] Annuitant, an-nu'it-ant, n. one who receives an annuity. \_yeariy. [L. attnics, a year.] Annuity, an nu'i-ti, «. a sum of money payable Annul, an-nul, v.t. to make 7iull. to reduce to 710 thing: to abolish: — pr.p. Annull'ing ; pa. p. Annulled'. [Fr. aiinuler — L. ad, to, luillits, none.] Annular, an'nul-ar, adj. ring-shaped. [L. a7tn7i- liis or anulus, a ring — dim. of attics, a rounding or ring. ] [into rings. [L. See Annular.] Annulated, an'nul-at-ed, adj. formed or divided Annunciation, an-nun-si-a'shun, 71. the act of announcing. — Annunciation-day, the anniver- sary of the Angel's salutation to the Virgin Mary, the 25th of March. [L. See Announce.] Anodyne, an'o-dln, n. a medicine that allays pain. [Gr. a, an, neg., and odyne, pain.] Anoint, an-oint', v.t., to smear \y\Vc\ ointment or oil : to consecrate with oil. [O. Fr. enoiftdre — L. iniingo, iniijictiim — in, and U7igo, to smear.] Anointed (the), an-oint'ed, n. the Messiah. Anomalous, an-om'al-us, adj. irregular : deviat- ing from rule. [Gr. anijmalos — a, an, neg., and Iwmalos, even — homos, same.] Anomaly, an-om'al-i, «. irregularity : deviation from rule. [See Anomalous.] Anon, an-on', adv., i/i w«7isa.] Answer, an'ser, v.i. to reply to: to satisfy or solve : to suit.— z/.z. to reply : to be accountable for: to correspond.— «. a reply: a .solution. [Lit. 'to swear against,' as in a trial by law, from A.S. a7id~, against, swerian, to swear.] Answerable, an'ser-a-bl, adj. able to be answered : accountable: suitable: equivalent.— rtflV. An'- sworably. fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mute : moDn ; /^en. 17 Ant Ant, ant, n. a small insect : the emmet. — n. Ant'- hlll, i/ie hillock raised hy ants to form their nest. [A contr. of Emmet— A.S. trinctc.} Antacid, .int-as'id, «. a medicine which counter- acts acidity. [Gr. nn/i, against, and Acid.] Antagonism, ant-ag'on-izm, «., a contending or struggling against: opposition. [Gr. an/i, against — agon, contest. See Agony.] Antagonist, ant-.ag'on-ist, k., one who contends or struggles luith another : an opponent. [Gr. antagonisti's. See Antagonism.] Antagonist, ant-ag'on-ist, Antagonistic, nnt- ag-on-ist'ilc, adj. contending against, opposed to. Antarctic, ant-arkt'ik, adj., opposite tlie Arctic: relating to the south pole or to south polar regions. [Gr. anti, opposite, and Arctic] Antecedent, an-te-sed'ent, adj., going before in time : prior. — n. that which precedes in time : (gram.) the noun or pronoun to which a relative pronoun refers. — />l. previous principles, con- duct, history, Sac— adv. Anteced'ently.— «. Antecedence. [I,, ante, before, cedens, -entis: pr.p. ot ccdo, cession, logo.] [room Antectiamber, an'te-cham-ber, «. [See Ante- Antedate, an'te-d;lt, ?'.£., to date before the true time : to anticipate. [L. ante, before, and Date.] Antediluvian, an-tearr, a part.] Apathy, ap'ath-i, n want of feeling: absence of passion : indifference. — adj. Apathetic. [Gr. a, -px'w.fpatlios, feeling.] Ape, ap, K. a tailless monkey: a silly imitator. — v.t. to imitate, as an ape. [A.S. apa. Ger. affe.'\ Apeak, a-pek', adv. [naut.) the anchor is apeak when the cable is drawn so as to bring the ship's bow directly over it. [a, on, and Peak.] Aperient, a-pe'ri-ent, adj., opening: mildly pur- gative. — n. any laxative medicine. [L. aperio, to open.] Aperture, a'pert-ur, «., an opening: a hole. [L. apertura — aperio, to open.] Apotheosis Apex, a'peks, «., the suirn7.it or point.—//. Apexes, a'peks-ez, Aplces, aj-'i-scz. [L.] ■ Aphelion, af-el'yun, «. the pomt of a planet's ' orbit fi^rthest away from the sh7i. [Gr. a/>o, ■ from, helios, the sun. J Apheresis, af-e're-sis, 71. the taking of a letter or syllable f-om the beginning of a wyd. [Gr. — apo, from, haired, to take.] Aphorism, af'or-izm, 71. a brief pithy saying : an adage. [Gr. aphorizo, to mark off by boun- daries — apo, from, and lioros, a limit. ] Aphoristic, -al, af-or-ist'ik, -al, adj. in the form of an aphorism. — adv. Aphorist ically. Apiary, ap'i-ar-i, 71. a place where bees are kept. [L. apiarium — apis, a bee.] Apiece, a-pes', adv., in piece : to each. Apish, ap'ish, adj. like an ape : imitative : foppish. —adv. Aplshly. — 71. Aplshness. Apocalypse, a-pok'al-ips, n. the name of the last book of the New Testament — adj. Apocal- yptic, -al. [Gr., a revelation, an uncovering — apo, from, kalypio, kalypso, to cover.] Apocope, a-pok'op-e, n., the cutti7ig off oi l\vi. last letter or syllable of a word. [Gr. apo, off, kopto, to cut.] Apocrypha, a-pok'rif-a, n. certain boo'ni, to place.] Apothegm, a'po-them, n. a terse pointed re- mark : an aphorism. [Gr. apo, from, out, phthe7tg07nai, to speak plainly.] Apotheosis, a-po-the'o-sis, k. deification. [Gr., iate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; moon ; th^rx. 19 Appal a setting aside ns a roiI— ^/c, away from what he was, tlu-os, a jjod. ] Appal, ap-pawl', v.t. 10 terrify : to dismay.— /r. A appall iiii; : /<'•/. appalled'. [Ace. to Skeal, \ from Celtic fail, to weaken, and not from (X Fr. apalir, to grow pale. J Appanase, ap'pan-aj, «. a provision for younger sons : aliment. [Fr. aJ>a>Mgt:—\,. ad, and />anis, bread.] Apparatus, ap-par-at'us, «. thinijs prepared or provided : set of instruments or tools. [L. ad, to, parattts, prepared.] Apparel, ap-par'el, n. covering for the body : dress. — v.t. to dress, adorn -.-—pr-p. appar'elling or appar'eling ; pa.p. appar'elled or appar'eled. [Fr. appareil—pareiller, to put like to like, to assort or %\yA—pareil, like— L. par, equal, like.] Apparent, ap-piir'ent, adj. that may be seen : evident : seeming.— o^z'. Appar'ently. — «. Ap- par'entness. [L. apparens. See Appear.] Apparition, ap-par-ish'un, «., an appearance: something only apparent, not real : a ghost. — adj. Appari'tional. [See Appear.] Apparitor, ap-par'it-or, n. an officer who attends on a court or on a magistrate to execute orders. [L.— root of Appear.] Appeal, ap-pel', vd. to call upon, have recourse to : to refer (to a witness or superior authority). — v.t. to remove a cause (to another court). — «. act of appealing.— a<^'. Appeal'able. [L. appello, -atum, to address, call by name.] Appear, ap-per', v.i. to become visible : to be present : to seem, though not real. [L. appareo — ad, to, parco, paritioii, to come forth.] Appearance, ap-per'ans, n. the act of appearing : •he thing seen : apparent likeness : arrival : show. Appease, ap-pez', v. t. to pacify : to quiet : to allay.— «(/;'. Appeas'able. [Fr. apaiser—l^. ad, to, pax, pads, peace.] Appellant, ap-pel'ant, n. one who appeals. Appellate, ap-pel'at, adj. relating to appeals. Appellation, ap-pel-ashun, n. that by which anything is called: a name. [See Appeal.] Appellative, ap-pel'at-iv, «. a name common to all of the same kind, as distinguished from a proper name. — adj. common to many : general. Append, ap-pend', v.t., to hang- one thing to another : to add. [L. ad, to, pendo. to hang.] Appendage, ap-pend'aj, n. something appended. Appendix, ap-pend'iks, n. something appended or added : a supplement :— //. Appendixes, -iks-ez. Appendices, -is-ez. Appertain, ap-per-tan', v.i., to belong to. [Fr. from L. cid, to, pertineo, to belong. See Pertain.] Appetence, ap'pet-ens. Appetency, ap'pet-ens-i, «., a seeking after: desire, especially sensual desire. [L. ad, to,peto, to seek.] Appetise, ap'pet-Iz, v.t. to create or whet ap- petite. Appetiser, ap-pet-Iz er, n. something which whets the appetite. Appetite, ap'pet-It, ti. natural desire : desire for food : hunger. [Fr., from L. appetitiis— appeto. See Appetence.] Applaud, ap-plawd', v.t. to praise by clapping the hands : to praise loudly : to extol. [L. at>plaudo — ad, to, plaudo, platisimi, to clap. See Explode.] Applause, ap-plawz', «. praise loudly expressed : acclamation. — adj. Applausive. Apple, ap'I, n. the fruit of the apple-tree. — The apple of tbe eye, the eye-ball. [A.S. (epl : the Approaolb word is found in all the Teutonic tongties, in the Celtic and the Sl.avonic. ] [used. Appliance, ap-pll'ans, «. anything applied: means Applicable, ap'p'ik-a-bl, adj. that may be applied : suitable.— fi(/7'. Ap'plicably.— /«. Applica- bility, Ap'pUcableness. Applicant, ap'plik-ant, n. one who applies: a petitioner. Application, ap-plik-a'shun, n. the act of apply- ing ; the thing applied : close thought or atten- tion : request : solicitation. Apply, ap-pli', v.t. to lay or put to: to employ: to lix the mind on.— v.i. to suit or agree : to have recourse to : to make request -.—pr.p. applying ; pa.p. applied'. [O. Fr. aplier, L. applico, -are— ail, to, plico, -atum, to fold.] Appoint, ap-point', v.t. to fix : to settle : to name to an office : to equip. [O. Fr. apointer, Prov. apuntar. Low L. appu7ictare—L. ad, to, pimc- ticm, a point.] Appointment, ap-point'ment, n. settlement: situation : arrangement : — pi. equipments. Apportion, ap-poi^shun, v.t., to portion out : to divide in just shares. [L. ad, to, and Portion.] — ;/. Appor'tionment. Apposite, ap'poz-It, adj. adapted : suitable.— adv. Ap'positely.— «. Ap'positeness. [L. appositus, pa.p. of appono, to put to — ad, to, pona, to put.] Apposition, ap-poz-ish'un, «. the act of adding : state of being placed together or against : ( gram.) the annexing of one noun to another, in the same case or relation, in order to explain or limit the first. [See Apposite.] Appraise, ap-praz', v.t., to set a price on: to value with a view to sale. [Fr. apprecier, O. Fr. apreiser, L. appretio, -are — ad, to, pretium, price.] Appraisement, ap-pra/ment, n. a valuation. Appraiser, ap-praz er, n. one who values pro- perty. Appreciate, ap-pre'shi-at, v.t. [lit.) to set a price on: to estimate justly— used figuratively — adj. Appreciable.— rtri'z/. Appre'ciably. [L. appre- tiatus,^3..^.oiatpretio. See Appraise.] Appreciation, ap-pre-shi-a'shun, n. the act of setting a value on : just estimation. Appreciative, ap-pre'shi-at-iv, Appreciatory, ap-pre'shi-at-or-i, adj. implying appreciation. Apprehend, ap-pre-hend', v.t., to lay hold of: to seize by authority : to catch the meaning of: to understand : to fear.— rtr^'. Apprehens'ible. [L. apprehendo—ad, to, prehendo, -hensum, to lay hold of, ixoinpm and root liend, which is for hcd, the n being intrusive, and this akin to English ^fr/. Compare Gr. chandano — root chad, to hold.] Apprehension, ap-pre-hen'shun, n. act of appre- hending or seizing : arrest: conception: fear. Apprehensive, ap-pre-hens'iv, adj. fearful : sus- picious.—?/. Apprehensiveness. Apprentice, ap-prent'is, n. {lit.) a learner: one bound to another to learn a trade or art.— za^. to bind as an apprentice. [Fr. apprenti. O. Fr. apprentis—apfrrendre—'L. apprehendere, to learn. See Apprehend.] Apprenticeship, ap-prent'is-ship, «. the state of an apprentice. Apprise, ap-prlz', v.t. to give notice : to inform. [Fr. apprendre, pa.p. appris, to instruct, from root of Apprehend. ] Approach, ap-proch', v.i., to draw near: to approximate. — v.t. to come near to: to re- semble. — «. a drawing near to : access : a path or avenue.— rt(^'. Approach'able. [Fr. ap- 20 fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote : mute ; mo5n ; then. Approbation procher. Low L. appropiare — L. ad, to, propf, near.] [Approvo.] Approbation, ap-prob-a'shun, «. approval. [See Appropriate, ap-prO'pri-ra, v.t. to take to one's .self /. Aqua'riums or Aqua'ila. [L. — aqua, water.] Arcadian Aquarius, a-kwa'ri-us, n., the ivatcr-bearer, a sign of the zodiac. [L. — aqua, water.] Aquatic, a-kw.itlk, adj., 7-elating to ivater : living or growing in water. — Aquatics, a-kwat'iks, «. amusements on the water, as boating, &c. Aqua-Vitse, a'kwa-vT'te, n. [lit.) ".uater of life, a name given to ardent spirits. [L. aqua, water, vii^, of life — vita, life.] Aqueduct, ak'we-dukt, n. an artificial chaimel for coiiveyijig water. [L. aqua, water — duco, due turn, to lead.] [water. Aqueous, aTcwe-us, adj. watery : deposited by Aquiline, ak'wil-in or -In, adj. relating to tlu eagle: hooked, like an e.igle's bea'K. [L. aq!iila.\ Arab, ar'ab, «. a native of Arabia: a neglected or homeless boy or girl, usually Street Arab. Arabesque, ar'ab-esk, adj. after the manner of Arabian designs. — «. a fantastic painted or sculptured ornament among the Spanish Moors, consisting of foliage and other parts of plants curiously intertwined. [Fr. — It. arabesco ; -esco corresponding to Eng. -islu^ Arabian, ar-ab'i-an, adj. relating to Arabia. — n. a native of Arabia. Arabic, ar'ab-ik, adj. relating to Arabia, or to its language. — «. the language of Arabia. [L. Arabicus.'\ Arable, ar'a-bl, adj. fit /or ploughifig or tillage. [L. arabilis — aro : cog. with Gr. aroo, to plough, A.S. erian, E. Ear, r'./., Ir. araiin.] Aramaic, ar-a-ma'ik, Aramean, ar-a-me'an, adj. relating to Aravi.'Ea, the whole of the country to the N.E. of Palestine, or to its language, a branch of the Semitic. Arbiter, ar'bit-er, «. one chosen by parties in controversy to decide between them : a judge having absolute power of decision : an umpire : —fern. Arljitress. {L.—ar = ad, to, and bito (cog. with Gr. hai-no), to go or come ; sig. one who comes to look on, a witness, a judge.] Arbitrament, ar-bit'ra-ment, n. the decision of an arbiter : determination : choice. Arbitrary, ar'bitr-ar-i, adj. depending on the will [as of an arbite?-) : not bound by rules : des- potic : absolute. — adv. Ar'bitrarily. — «. Ar'- bitrariness. [to determine. — n. Arbitration. Arbitrate, ar'bltr-at, v.i. to act as an arbiter: Arbitrator, ar'bi-tra-tur, 71. same as Arbiter. —fein. ArlDitratrix. Arboreous, ar-bor'e-us, adj., of or belonging to i7-ees. [L. arboreus — arbor, a tree.] Arborescent, ar-bor-es'ent, adj. growing or formed like a tree. — «. AxborOS'cence. [L. arboresco, to become a tree — arbor, a tree. ] Arboretum, ar-bor-et'um, 71. a place in which specimens of trees and shrubs are cultivated :— //. Arbor et'a. [L..— arbor, a tree.] Arboriculture, iir'bor-i-kult-ur, 71., the culture o/ trees, esp. timber-trees.— «^'. Arboricul'tural. —n. Arboricul'turist. [L. arbor, and Culture.] Arbour, ar'bur, «. an inclosed seat in a garden, covered with branches of trees, plants, &c. : a bower. [A corr. o( harbour, a shelter.] Arbute, ar'but. Arbutus, ar'but-us, «. the straw- berry tree : an Evergreen shrub, which bears fruit resembling the strawberry. [L. arbutus, akin to arbor, tree.] Arc, ark. «. a segment of a circle or other curve. [Fr. — L. arc7(s, a bow.] Arcade, ark-ad', 71. a walk arched over : a long arched gallery, lined with shops on both sides. [Fr. — L. arift., a chief duke : a prince of XM%tx\2..—fem. Archduch'ess.— rt^'. Arch- du'cal.— «^. Archduch'y, Archduke'dom, tlie territory of a?i arcliduJiC or archduchess. [Arch, chief, and Duke.] Archer, arch'er, «. one who shoots with a low and arrows ■.—fetii. Arch'eress. [Fr. — arc, L. arcHS, a bow.] [bow. Archery, arch'er-i, n. the art of shooting with the Archetype, ark'e-tlp, «. the original pattern or model. — adj. Archetyp'al. [Gr. arclte =■ arc/ii-, original, and tyJ>os, a model. ] Archidiaconal, ark-i-di-ak'on-al, adj. pertaining to an archdeacon. [Gr. archi- is here taken directly from Greek. See Archdeacon.] Archiepiscopal, ark-i-ep-i'skop-al, adj. belonging to an archbishop.— ArchieplS'COpacy, «. dignity or province of an archbishop. [See Episcopal.] Archipelago, ark-i-pel'a-gO, n. the chief sea oi the Greeks, or the .-Egean Sea : a sea abounding in small islands. [Gr. archi-, chief, j>elagos, sea.] Architect, ark'i-tekt, n. one who designs build- ings and superintends their erection : a maker. [Gr. architektdn— archi-, cluef, and tekton, a builder.] Architecture, ark-i-tekt'ur, «., the art or science of ^«i7i//«^: structure. — adj. Architect'- ural. Architrave, ark'i-trav, «., the chief beam : [arch.) the lowest division of the entablature resting immediately on the abacus of the column. [It. from Gr. archi-, chief, and L. trabs, a beam — the chief beam.] Archives, ark'lvz, «. the place in which govern- Arlse ment records are kept : public records. [Fr. — Gr. archeion — arche, government.] [records. Archivist, :irk'iv-ist, «. a keeper of archives or Archon, ark'on, «. one of nine chief magistrates who at one time governed ancient Athens. [Gr. — archd, to be first, to rule.] [arch. Archway, arch'wa, n. a. way or passage under an Arctic, iirkt'ik, adj. relating to the constellation the ( jreat Bear, or to the north. [Gr. arktos, a bear. J Ardency, ard'en-si. Ardour, ard'or, n. warmth ol passion or feeling : eagerness. Ardent, ard'cnt, adj., biiming : fiery : passionate. —adi<. Ard ently. [L. aniens— ardeo, to burn.] Arduous, ard'u-us, adj. difficult to accomplish : laborious adv. Ard'uously — «. Ard'uous- ness. [L. arduus, high, akin to Celt, ard, high, height.] Are, ar, the plural of the present indicative of the verb to be. [M.E. ar-eu was the northern form which took the place of A.S. sindon. Dan. er-cs, ar-en = as-en ; er-e = es-e ; the root is as-, to be seen in L. esse, s-iini, for es-uni. See Was.] Area, a're-a, n. any plane surface or inclosed space : the sunken space around the basement of a building: (geom.) the superficial contents of any figure. [L.] Arena, a-re'na, n. an open space strewed with satid for combatants : any place of public con- test. — adj. Arena'ceous, sandy. [L. arena, sand.] [.'Vreopagus. Areopagite, ar-e-op'aj-It, n. a member of the Areopagus, ar-e-op'ag-us, «. , Mars' Hill, on which the supreme court of ancient Athens was held : the court itself. [L. — Gr. Areios pagos, hill of Ares— or Mars.] Argent, arj'ent, adj. made of, or like silver. [Fr. — L. argentum, silver — Gr. argos, white.] Argillaceous, arj-ill-a'shus, adj. of the nature of clay. [L. argilla — Gr. argilos, white clay— argos, white.] Argonaut, ar'go-nawt, n. one of those who sailed in the ship A rgo in search of the golden fleece. [Gr. Argo, and nautes, a sailor.] Argosy, ar'go-si, n. a large merchant-vessel richly laden. [Prob. from the ship Argo. See Argo- naut.] Argue, arg'u, V. t. to prove by argument : to dis- cuss.— e».z'. to offer reasons: to dispute :—/r./. ar'guing ; /«.;>. ar'gued. [L. argito, to prove— from root of Gr. argos, clear, and so = to make clear.] Argument, arg'u-ment, n. a reason offered as proof: a series of reasons : a discu.ssion : subject of a discourse. [L. argumentujn. See Argue.] Argumentation, arg-u-ment-a'shun, n. an arguing or rea.soning. — adj. Argument'ative. — ^r/r/. Argument'atively. — «. Argument'ativeness. Argus, arg'us. 71. a mythological being, said to have had a hundred eyes, some of which were always awake : any very watchful person. [Gr. — argos, bright.] Arian, a'ri-an, adj., pertaining to Ariics of Ale.v- andria (4th c), who denied the divinity of Christ. — n. one who adheres to the doctrines of Arius : a Unitarian.— Arlanism, a'ri-an-izm, «. the doctrines of the Arians. Arid, ar'id, adj., dry: parched. — «J. Aridity, Ar'ldness. [L. aridtis.] Aries, a'ri-ez, n., the Ram, the first of the signs of the zodiac, which the sun enters on March 21. [L.] Aright, a-rlt', adv. in a right way : rightly. Arise, a-riz', 71. i., to rise np : to come into view : 22 fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; moon ; Men. Aiistocraoy to spring : — pa. t. arose, a-rOz' ; pa.p. aris'en. [Prefix a (as in Abide), and Rise.] Aristocracy, ar-is-tok'ras-i, «., gove-niment by the best men or nobles : the nobility or chief persons of a state. [Gr. arisios, best, and kratos, power.] Aristocrat, ar'is-to-krat or ar-is'-, n. one who belongs to or favours an aristocracy : a haughty person. — Aristocratic, -al, ar-is-to-krat'ik, -al, adj. belonging to aristocracy. — adv. Aristo- crat'ically. Aristotelian, ar-is-to-te'li-an, adj. relating to A ristotle or to his philosophy. Arithmetic, ar-ith'met-ik, n. the science of niDiibers: the art of reckoning by figures. —adj. Arithmefical.— (Zi/z/. Arithiaet'lcally. [Gr. arithmetike [techtii, art), relating to nuro bers — arithinos, number.] [in arithmetic. Arithmetician, ar-ith-me-tish'yan, n. one skilled Ark, ark, «. a cutest or coffer : a large floating vessel. [A,S. arc — L. area, a chest — arceo, to guard.] Arm, arm, n. the limb extending from the shoulder to the hand : anything projecting from the main body, as an inlet of the sea : [Jig-) power. — «. Ann'ful.— a<^'. Arm'less.— «. Armlet, a bracelet. [A.S. ; cog. with L. annus, the shoul- der-joint, Gr. hamios, a joint. From rooter-. See Arms. ] Arm, arm, n. a weapon : a branch of the military service. [Sing, of Arms.] Arm, arm, v.t. to furnish with arms or weapons : to fortify. — v.i. to take arms. [L. armo, to arm — artua, weapons. See Arms.] Armada, arm-a'da, «. a fleet of armed ships. [Sp. — L. armaius, armed — anno, to arm.] Armadillo, arm-a-dill'o, n. a small quadruped, having its body armed with a bony shell : — •//. Armadill'OS. [Sp. dim. oi armado, armed.] Armament, arm'a-ment, H. forces armed or equipped for war : the guns, &c. with which a ship is armed. [L. nrviamenta — arvia.'\ Armenian, ar-me'ni-an, adj. belonging to Ar- menia, a country of Western Asia. — 7i. a native of Armenia. Arminian, ar-min'yan, adj. holding the doctrines of Arinhiius. — n. a follower of Arminius, a Dutch divine, who denied the Calvinistic doc- trine of election.— «. Armin'ianism. Armipotent, arm-i'pot-ent, adj., powerful in arms. [L. ar;«n — ad, and scando, to climb, Sans, skand, to leap upwards.] Ascendant, as-send'ant, adj. superior : above the horizon. — n. superiority : [astral.) the part o( the ecliptic rising above the horizon at the time of one's birth ; it was supposed to have com- •nanding influence over the person's life, hence tne phrase, «« the ascendant. [ence. Ascendency, as-send'en-si, n. controlling influ- Ascension, as-sen'shun, «. a rising or going up. [L. ascensio — ascendo.] Ascension-day, as-sen'shun-da, «. the festival held on Holy Thursday, ten days before Whit- sunday, to commemorate Christ's ascension to heaven. [ascending: degree of elevation. Ascent, as-sent', n. act of ascending : way of Ascertain, as-ser-tan', v.t. to determine : to obtain certain knowledge of. — adj. Ascertain'able. [O. Fr. acertainer. See Certain.] Ascetic, as-set'ik, «., one rigidly self-denying in religious observances: a strict hermit. — rtrf/'. excessively rigid : austere : recluse. — «. Asceti- ■ Cism, as-set'i-sizm. [Gr. asketes, one that uses exercises to train himself] Ascititious, as-sit-ish'us, adj. See Adscititious. Ascribe, a-skrTb', v.t. to attribute, impute, or assign. — adj. Ascrib'able. [L. ascribe, -scrip- ttim — aii, to, scribo, to write.] [iinputing. Ascription, a-skrip'shun, n. act of ascribing or Asb, ash, 71. a well-known timber tree. — adj. Asb'en. [A.S. a:sc, Ger, eschc. Ice. askr.] Ashamed, a-shamd', adj., affected with shatne. [Pa.p. of old verb ashatne — plx. a, inten., and Shame.] Ashes, ash'ez, 7i.pl. the dust or remains of any- thing burnt : the remains of the himian body when burnt: {fig.) a dead body. [A.S. a:sce. Ice. aska.] A'Shlar, ash'Iar, Ashler, ashle;-, n. (lit.) sto/ies laid i/i roivs : hewn or squared stone used in facing a wall, as distinguished from rough, as it comes from the quarry. [Fr. aisselle, dim. of ais, a plank ; L. assis, a plank — assnla, a little plank, a .shingle. Such little wooden boards were used to face walls before stones, and squared stones took the name.] Ashore, a-shor', adv., on shore. [Pfx. a, and Shore.] 2A fatCi fiir ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; moOu ; /Aen. Ash-Wednesday Ash-Wednesday, ash-wenz'da, «. the first day of Lent, so called from the Roman Catholic custom of sprinkling assies on the head. [pale. Ashy, ash'i, aiij. of or like ashes : ash-coloured : Aside, a-sid', adv., 07t or to one side : privately. Asinine, as'in-In, adj. of or like an ass. [See AsS.] Ask, ask, v.t., to seek: to request, inquire, beg, or question. — v.i. to request: to make inquiry, [A. S. acsian, ascian, Ger. heischen. Ice. ceskja. Sans, ish, to desire.] Askance, a-skans'. Askant, a-skant', adv. side- ways : awry: obliquely. [O. Fr. a scanclie ; It. sckiancio, a slope, from the root of Slant.] Askew, a-sku', adv. oii the Skew : awry. Aslant, a-slant', adj. or adv. on the Slant : obliquely. Asleep, a-slep', adj. or a^^v. in sleep: sleeping. t&^lope, a-slop', adj. or adv. on the Slope. Asp, asp. Aspic, asp'ik, «. a very venomous serpent. [Fr. — L. and Gr. aspis.] Asparagus, as-par'a-gus, n. garden vegetable. [L. — Gr. asj>arag'os.] Aspect, as'pekt, n. look : view : appearance : position in relation to the points of the compass : the situation of one planet with respect to another, as seen from the earth. [L. aspectus — ad, at, spccio, to look.] Aspen, aspen, n. the trembling poplar. — adj. made of, or like the aspen. [A..S. cesp, Ger. dspe.'\ Asperity, as-per'i-ti, «., roughness: harshness. [Fr. — L. asperitas — asper, rough.] Asperse, as-pers', zi.t. to slander or calumniate. [L. aspergo, -spersujn — ad, to, on, spargo, to scatter.] Aspersion, as-per'shun, n. calumny : slander. Asphalt, as-falt', Asphaltum, as-falt'um, n. a hard, bituminous substance, anciently used as a cement, and now for paving, &c. — adj. As- phalt'ic. [Gr. asphaltcs, an Eastern word.] Asphodel, as'fo-del, n. a kind of lily. [See Daffodil.] Asphyxia, a-sfiks'i-a, «. (lit.) suspended anima- tion, suffocation. — adj. Asphyxiated. [Gr., a stopping of the pulse — a, neg., spkyzo, to throb.] Aspirant, as-pir'ant, 11. one who aspires : a candi- date. Aspirate, as'pir-at, z'.t. to pronounce with a full breathing, as the letter /^ in house. — n. a mark of aspiration ( ' ) : an aspirated letter. — n. Aspira- tion, as-pir-a'shun, ti. pronunciation of a letter with a full breathing. [L. ad, and spiro, to breathe.] Aspire, as-plr', v.i. to desire eagerly : to aim at high things.— «^'. Aspir'lng.— ^rfiy. Aspir'- ingly. —Aspiration, 71. eager desire. [L. aspire, -atuiii — ad, to, spiro, to breathe.] Asquint, a-skwint', adv. towards the corner of the eye : obliquely. [Pfx. a, on, and Squint.] Ass, as, n. a well-known quadruped of the horse family : [fig.) a dull, stupid fellow. [A. S. assa. The word, orig. perhaps Semitic, has spread into all the Eur. lang. ; it is a dim. ui all but Eng. — L. as-inus, Ger. es-el.\ Assafetida, same as Asafetida. Assail, as-sal', V. t. to assault : to attack. — adj. Assail'ahle. [Fr. assaillir, L. assilire — ad, upon, and salio, to leap.] [attacks. Assailant, as-sal'ant, «. one who assails or Assassin, as-sas'sin, n. one who kills by surprise or secretly. [Fr. — Ar. hashishiti, the followers of an Eastern robber-chief, who fortified them- selves for their adventures by hashish, an intoxi- cating drink made from hemp.] Assignment Assassinate, as-sas'sin-at, v.t. to murder by sur- prise or secret assault. Assassination, as-sas-sin-a'shun, «. secret murder. Assault, as-sawlt', n. a sudden attack : a storming, as of a town — 71. t. to make an assault or attack upon. [Fr. assaiii, O. Fr, asalt — L. ad, upon, saltus, a leap. See Assail.] Assay, as-sa', v.t., to exanti)ie or ■weigh accu- rately : to determine the amount of metal in an ore or alloy. — v.i. to attempt : to essay. — n. the determination of the quantity of metal in an ore or alloy ; the thing tested. [See Essay.] Assegai, as'se-ga, n. a spear or javelin used by the Kaffirs of S. Africa. [Sp. azagaya — Ar. al-kliasiq.} [sons or things. Assemblage, as-semT^laj, «. a collection of per- Assemble, as-sem'bl, v.t. to call or bring to the same place, or together: to collect. — v.i. to meet together. [Fr. assembler. Low Lat. as- sin!!(lare—\^. ad, to, sitiuil, together, at the same time; Gr. homos, A. S. sain, same; Sans. sam, together.] Assembly, as-semTali, n. a collection of indi- viduals assembled in the same place for any purpose. Assent, as-sent', v.i., to think ivith: agree. — n. an agreeing or acquiescence : compliance. — adv. Assent'lngly. [L ad, to, sentio, to think.] Assert, as-sert', v.t. to declare strongly : to affirm. [L. assero, assertum, to lay hold of, declare — ad, to, sero, to join, knit.] Assertion, as-ser'shun, n. affirmation. Assess, as-ses', v.t. to fix the amount of, as a tax : to tax : to fix the value or profits of, for ta,\a- tion : to estimate. — adj. Assess'able. [Fr. asseoir — L. assidere, assessum, to sit by, esp. of judges in a court (in Low L. to set, fix a tax), from ad, to, sedeo, to sit.] Assessment, as-ses'ment, n. act of assessing : a valuation for the purpose of taxation : a ta;^. Assessor, as-ses'or, «. a legal adviser who sits beside a magistrate. — tidj. Assessorial, as-ses- o'ri-al. [See Assess.] Assets, as'sets, n.pl. the property of a deceased or insolvent person, considered as chargeable for all debts, &c. : the entire property of all sorts belonging to a merchant or to a trading association. [M.E. aseth, Fr. assez, enough^ L. ad, to, satis, enough.] Asseverate, as-sev'er-at, v.t. to declare seriai4sly or solemnly. — n. Assovera'tion. [L. assevero, -atiim — nd, to, severtes, serious. See Severe.] Assiduity, as-sid-u'i-ti, n. constant application or diligence. [L. assiduiias — assiduus. See Assiduous.] Assiduous, as-sid'u-us, adj. constant or unwearied in application : diligent. — adv. Assid'uously. — n. Assid'uousness. [L. assiduus, sitting close at — ad, to, at, sedeo, to sit.] Assign, as-sln', v.t., to sign or mark out to one : to allot : to appoint : to allege : to transfer. — n. one to whom any property or right is made over. — Assignable, as-sln'a-bl, adj. that may be assigned. [Fr. assigner — L. assi^nare, to mark out — ad, to, signum, a mark or sign.] Assignation, as-sig-na'shun, «. an appointment to meet, used chiefly of love-appointments : the making over of anything to another. Assignee, as-sin-e', n. one to whom any right or property is assigned:—//, the trustees of a sequestrated estate. Assignment as-sln'ment, n. adt of assigning: anything assigned : the writing by which a transfer is made. B f^te, far ; mfi, her ; mine ; mOte : mute ; mWa ; //, %^ Assimilate Ate Asalmilate, as-sim'il-St, v.t., to make similar ox like to: to convert into a like substance, as food in our bodies. — n. Assimilation. [L. assimilo, •atum—ad, to, similis, like.] Assimilative, as-sim'il-ut-iv, adj. having the power or tendency to assimilate. Assist, as-sist', v.t. to help. [L. assisto, to stand hy—aii, to, sisio, Gr. histenn, to make to stand.] Assistance, as-sist'ans, «. help : relief. Assistant, as-sist'ant, adj. helping or lending aid. -«. one who assists : a helper. Assize, as-sTz', v.t., to assess: to set or fix the quantity or price. — «. a statute settling the weight, measure, or price of anything : — pi. the sessions or sittings of a court held in counties twice a year, at which cau.ses are tried by a judge and jury. [O. Fr. assise, an assembly of judges, a set rate — asscoii — L. assideo.'\ Assizer, as-sTz'er, «. an officer who inspects weights and measures. Associate, as-sO'shi-at,?'. z*. to join with, as a friend or partner: to unite in the same body. — v.i. to keep company with : to combine or unite. [L. associo — ad, to, sociits, a companion.] Associate, as-so'shi-at, adj. joined or connected with. — «. one joined or connected with another: a companion, friend, partner, or ally. Association, as-sO-shi-a'shun, «., act o/ associat- ing: union or combination : a society of persons jomed together to promote some object. Assoilzie, as-soil ye, v. to free one accused from a charge ; a Scotch law term, the same as the archaic assail, to absolve from sin, discharge, pardon. [Through Fr. from L. absolvere.'\ Assonance, as'son-ans, n. a correspondence in sou7td: in Sp. and Port, poetry, a kind of rhyme, consisting in the coincidence of the vowels of the corresponding syllables, without regard to the consonants. [L. ad. to, sonans, sounding.] Assonant, as'son-ant, adj. resembling in sound. Assort, as-sort', v.t. to separate into classes : to arrange. — v.i. to agree or be in accordance with. [Fr. assortir — L. ad, to, sors, a lot.] Assortment, as-sort'ment, «. act of assorting : quantity or number of things assorted : variety. Assuage, as-swilj', v.t. to soften, mitigate, or allay. — v.i. to abate or subside. [O. Fr., formed as if from a L. assicaviare — suavis, mild.] Assuagement, as-swaj'ment, 71. abatement : miti- gation. _ [Suaslve.] Assuasive, as-swa'siv, adj. softening, mild. [See Assume, as-sum', v.t. to take upon one's self: to take for granted : to arrogate : to pretend to possess. — z'.i. to claim unduly : to be arrogant. [L. — ad, to, sinno, sujnptiim, to take.] Assuming, as-sum'ing, adj. haughty : arrogant. Assumption, as-sum'shun, ?/. act of assuming : a supposition. [L. See Assume.] Assurance, ash-shOor'ans, «. confidence : feeling of certainty : impudence : positive declaration : insurance, as applied to lives. Assure, ash-shssr', v.t. to make sure or secure: to give confidence : to tell positively: to insure. [Fr. assure) — ad, and s^r, sure. See Sure.] Assured, ash-shOord', adj. certain : without doubt : insured : overbold. — adv. Assur'edly. — n. Assur'edness. Aster, as'ter, «. a genus of plants with compound flowers, like little stars. [Gr. aster, a star.] Asterisk, as'ter-isk, «. a star, used in printing, thus*. [Gr. Ksieriskos, dim. o^ aster, a star.] Astern, a-stern', adv. on the stern: towards the hinder part of a ship : behind. [See Stem, «.] Asteroid, as'ter-oid, n. one of the minor planets revolving between Mars and Jupiter. — adj. Asterold'aL [Gr. aster, a star, eidos, form.] Asthma, ast'ma, n. a chronic disorder of the organs of respiration. [Gr. ~ao, aemi, to breathe hard.] [or affected by asthma. Asthmatic, -al, ast-mat'ik, -al, adj. pertaining to Astonled, as-ton'id, f>a.p. of obs. v. Astony. Astonish, as-ton'ish, v.t- to impress with sudden surprise or wonder : to amaze. [M. Y.. astonieni due to a confusion of A. S. stunian (see Stun) and O. Fr. estonner (Fr. ^tanner) — Low L. ex- tonare — L. ex, out, tonare, to thunder.] Astonishing, as-ton'ish-ing, a4j. very wonderful : amazing. — adv. Aston'lshlngly. [wonder. Astonishment, as-ton'ish-ment, «. amazement: Astound, as-townd', 7'. /. to amaze. [M. E. astonitn; a doublet of Astonish.] Astragal, as'tra-gal, «. {arch.) a small semicir- cular moulding or bead encircling a column : a round moulding near the mouth of a cannon. [Gr. astragalos, one of the vertebrse, a moulding.] Astral, as'tral, adj. belonging to the stars: starry. [L. astrun,., a star ; conn, with Star.] Astray, a-stra', adzi. out of the right way. [Prefix a, on, and Stray.] Astrictlon, as-trik'shun, «. a hinding or contrac- tion. [L. See Astringent.] Astride, a-strTd', adv. with the legs apart, or across. [Pfx. a, on, and Stride.] Astringent, as-trinj'ent, adj., binding : contract- ing : strengthening. — n. a medicine that causes contraction. — adv. Astring'ently. — n. Astrlng'- ency. [L. astringo — ad, to, stringo, to bind.] Astrolabe, as'trO-lab, n. an instrument for measur- ing the altitudes of the sun or stars at sea, now superseded by Hadley's quadrant and sextant. [Gr. astron, a star, lab, lainb.ino, I take.] Astrologer, as-trol'o-jer, n. one versed in astrol- ogy- Astrology, as-trol'o-ji, «. the infant stage of the science of the stars (now called Astronomy) : it was occupied chiefly in foretelling events from the positions of the heavenly bodies. — adj. Astro- log'lc, -aX.—adv. Astrolog'ically. [Gr. astro- login— astron, star, logos, knowledge.] Astronomer, as-tron'o-mer, n. one versed in astronomy. Astronomy, as-tron'om-i, n. the laws or science of the stars or heavenly bodies. — adj. Astron- o\o!\z.—adv. Astronomically. [Gr. astro- nomin — astron, star, noinos, a law.] Astute, ast-ut', adj., crafty: cunning: shrewd: sagacious.— /If/?'. Astute'ly.— «. Astute'ness. [L. astutus — astus, craft, akin perhaps to Acute.] Asunder, a-sun'der, adv. apart : into parts : separately. [Pfx. «= on, and Sunder.] Asylum, a-sTl'um, «. a place of refuge for debtors and for such as were accused of some crime : an institution for the care or relief of the unfortu- nate, such as the blind or insane : any place of refuge or protection. [L. — Gr. asylon — a, priv., syle, right of seizure.] Asymptote, a'sim-tot, «. [math.) a line that continually approaches nearer to some curve without ever meeting \\..—adj. Asymptot'lcal. [Gr. asyniptotos, not coinciding — a, not, syn, Vfiih, ptotos, apt to [a\\—pip(d, to fall.] At, at, prep, denoting presence, nearness, or rela- tion. [A.S. ff/; cog. with Goth, and Ice. at, L. ad ; Sans, ad/ii, on.] Atavism, at'av-izm, n. the recurrence of any peculiarity or disease of an ancestor in a later generation. [L. atavtts — aviis, a grandfather.] Ate, at or et, did eat, pa. t. of Eat. fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mSte ; mnte ; raSSn ; thca.. Athanaslan Atnanasian, ath-a-naz'yan, oiij. relating to Athamisitis, or to the creed attributed to him. Atheism, a'the-izm, «. disbelief in the existence of God, [Fr. atlidis7HC — Gr. a, priv., and t/ieos, God.] [existence of God. Atheist, a'tlie-ist, n. one who disbelieves in the Atheistic, -al, a-the-ist'ik, -al, adj. relating to or containing atheism. — adv. Atheist'ically. Athenaeum, Atheueum, ath-e-ne'um, n, si temple of Athena or Minerva at Athens, in which scholars and poets read their works : a public institution for lectures, reading, &c. [Gr. Athenaion — Atlieiia or Atliene, the god- dess Minerva.] Athenian, a-the'ni-an, adj., relathig to AiJtens, the capital of Greece. — n. a native of Athens. Athirst, a-therst', adj., thirsty : eager for. [A.S. of, very, and Thirst.] Athlete, ath'let, «., a conterider for victory in feats of strength : one vigorous in body or mind. [Gr. athletes — athlos, contest.] Athletic, ath-let'ik, adj. relating to athletics: strong, vigorous. Athletics, ath-let'iks, «. the art of wrestling, running, &c. : athletic exercises. Athwart, a-thwawrt', prep, across. — adv. side- wise : wrongly : perplexingly. [Prefix «, on, and Thwart. ] Atlantean, at-lan-te'an, adj., relating' to, or V{ks Atlas : strong: gigantic. [See Atlas.] Atlantes, at-lan'tez, tt.pl. figures of men used instead of columns. [From Atlas.] Atlantic, at-lan'tik, adj. pertaining to Atlas, or to the Atlantic Ocean. — n. the ocean between Europe, Africa, and America. [From Moimt Atlas, in the north-west of Africa.] Atlas, atlas, «. a collection of maps. [Gr. Atlas {the bearer), a god who bore the world on his shoulders, and whose figure used to be given on the title-page of atlases — prob. from a (euphonic), and tlao, to bear.] Atmosphere, at'mo-sfer, «. the air that surrounds the earth : (Jig.) any surrounding influence. [Gr. atnios, air, sphaira, a sphere.] Atmospheric, -al, at-mo-sferik, -al, adj. of or depending on the atmosphere. Atom, at'om, n. a particle of matter so small that it cannot be cut or divided: anything very &msl&..—adjs. Atomic, a-tom'ik, Atomical, a-tom'ik-al. [Gr. atotiws — a, not, temno, to cut.] Atomism, at'om-izm, n. the doctrine that atoms arranged themselves into the universe. Atomist, at'om-ist, n., one wlio believes in atomism. Atone, at-on', v.i. (with Jor) to give satisfaction or make reparation.— z/./. to expiate. [At and one, as if to set at one, reconcile ; the old pro- nunciation oi one is here preserved, as in only.] Atonement, at-on'ment, n. the act of atoning : reconciliation : expiation : reparation. Atrabiliary, at-ra-bil'yar-i, adj. of a melancholy temperament : hypochondriac. [L. atcr, atra, black, bills, gall, bile. See Bile.] Atrocious, a-troshus, adj. extremely cncel or wicked : heinous. — adv. Atro'ciOUSly. — n. Atro'CioUSness. [L. atrox, atrocis, cruel.] Atrocity, a-tros'i-ti, n. shocking wickedness or cruelty. Atrophy, a'trof-i, n. a wasting away from want of noiunshment owing to some defect in the organs of nutrition. [Gr. a, priv. , and trophe, nourishment.] Attach, at-tach', v.t. to bind or fasten : to seize : Attic to gain over. [Fr. attaclur, from a (— L. ad) and Tack.] Attachable, at-tach'a-bl, adj. that may be attached. Attache, at-tash-a', n. a young diplomatist attached to the suite of an ambassador. [Fr.] Attachment, at-tach'ment, ». a bond of fidelity or affection : the seizure of any one's goods or person by virtue of a legal process. Attack, at-tak', v.t. to fall upon violently: to assault : to assail with unfriendly words or writing.— ?i. an assault or onset : severe criticism or calumny. [Fr. attaqjier. See Attach, of which it is a doublet.] Attain, at-tan', v.t. to reach or gain by effort : to obtain. — v.i.\.o come or arrive : to reach. [Fr. atteindre — L. attingo, -ere— ad, to, tango, to touch.] [attainable. Attainability, at-tan-a-bil'i-ti, n. state of being Attainable, at-tan'a-bl, adj. that may be reached. — «. Attain'ableness. Attainder, at-tan'der, n. act of attainting : [law] loss of civil rights through conviction for high treason. [Fr. atteindre, to come to, reach; O. Fr. attaindre, to convict, from L. attingo. See Attain.] Attainment, at-tan'ment, n, act of attaining : the thing attained : acquisition. Attaint, at-tant', v. t. to convict : to deprive of rights for being convicted of treason. [See Attainder, Attain.] Attar of roses. See Otto. Attemper, at-tem'per, v.t. to mix in due propor- tion : to modify or moderate : to adapt. [L. attempero — ad, to, and tempera. See Temper.] Attempt, at-temt', v.t., to try or endeavour: to make an effort or attack upon. — v.i. to make an attempt or trial. — n. a trial: endeavour or effort. [Fr. attentet — L. attento — cCd, and tempto, tento, to trj' — tendo, to stretch.] Attend, at-tend', v.t. to give heed to : to wait on or accompany : to be present at : to wait for.^ v.i. to yield attention : to wait. [L. at tendo — ad, to, tendo, to stretch. ] Attendance, at-tend'ans, n. act of attending : presence : the persons attending. Attendant, at-tend'ant, adj. giving attendance ; accompanying. — n, one who attends or accom- panies : a servant : what accompanies or follows. Attent, at-tent', adj. (B.) giving attention. Attention, at-ten'shun, «. act of attending : steady application of the mind : heed : care. [L. atttntio — attendo. See Attend.] Attentive, at-tent'iv, adj. full of attention : mmAi\x\.~adv. Attentively.— «. Attent'ive- ness. Attenuate, at-ten'u-at, v.t., to make thin ot lean : to break down into finer parts. — v.i, to become thin or fine : to grow less. [L, attenuo, -atutn — ad, to, tennis, thin.] Attenuate, at-ten'u-at, Attenuated, ai-ten'u- at-ed, adj. made thin or slender: made less viscid.— «. Attenuation, at-ten-u-a'shun. Attest, at-test', v.t., to testify or bear -zviiness to: to affirm : to give proof of, to manifest. [L. attestor — ad, to, testis, a witness.] Attestation, at-test-a'shun, n. act of attesting. Attic, at'ik, adj., pertaining to Attica or to Athens : chaste, elegant.— «. Att'icism, a chaste, elegant expression. [L. atticus Gr.] Attic, afik, n. (arch.) a low story above the cornice that terminates the main part of an elevauon : a sky-lighted room in the roof of a house. [Ety. dub.] fate, far : me, her ; mine ; mote ; mQte ; mg^ ; Aieo. » Attire A.ttlre, at-ttr', v.t. to dress, array, or adorn : to prepare. — «. dress: ornamental dress: {B.) a woman's head-dress. [O. Fr. aiirer, from a =^ at/, and a Teut. root found in Ger. zier, orna- ment, A.S. ti'r, splendour. See Tire, dress.] Attitude, at'ti-tad, «. posture or position : ges- ture —l. the two ear-hke ca ities of the heart. [L. auricuiai dim. o( auris, the ear.] Auricula, awr-ik'ul-a, n. a species of primrose, also called bear's-c«>', from the shape of its leaf. Auricular, awr-ik'Ol-ar, adj., pertaining to the ear: known by hearing, or by report. — Auric- ular confession, secret, told in the ear. — adv. Auric'iUarly. [See Auricle.] Aurlcuiate, aw-ik'al-at, adj., ear-shaped. [Low L. auriculatus — L. auriczila.] fat<" farr me. her : mme : mSte ; mute: m(50n: th^ti. I Auriferous AWlfOrOOS, awr-if'6r-us, adj., bearing or yielding gold. [L. aurifer — aurutn, go\d,Jero, to bear.] Auriform, awr'i-form, adj., ear-shaped. [L. auris, ear, and Form.] Aurlst, awr'ist, n. one skilled in diseases of the ear. Aurochs, awr'oks, n. the European bison or wild ox. [Ger. auerochs, O. Ger. uroliso — Ger. ur (L. ur7ts, Gr. ouros), a kind of wild o.x, and ochs, ox.] Aurora, aw-rO'ra, n. the dawn : in poetry, the goddess of dawn. [L. for aitsosa ; cog. with Gr. eos : from a root seen in Sans, ush, to burn.] Aurora Borealls, aw-r5'ra bO-rS-a'lis, «., the fiortherfi aurora or light : a meteor seen in northern latitudes.— Aurora Australis, aws- tra'lis, «. a meteor in the S. hemisphere. [L. borealis, northern — boreas, the north wind. See Austral.] Auroral, aw-rO'ral, adj. relating to the aurora. Auscultation, aws-kult-a'shun, «. the art of dis- covering diseases of the lungs and heart by applying the ear to the chest, or to a tube in contact with the chest. [L. au.%culto, to listen, from ausicula for auriatla. See Auricle.] Auscultatory, aws-kult'a-tor-i, adj'. relating to auscultation. Auspice, aw'spis, n. an omen drawn from observ- ing- birds : augury — generally used in //. Au- spices, aw'spis-ez, protection : patronage. [Fr. — L. auspiciu?n — aitspex, auspicis, a bird-seer, from aziis, a bird, specio, to observe.] Auspicious, aw-spish'us, adj. having good au- spices or omens of success : favourable : fortun- ate.— Wz/. Auspi'clously.— «. Auspi'ciousness. Austere, aws-ter', adj. harsh : severe : stern. — adv. Austerely. [L. attsterus — Gr. austeros — auo, to dry.] Austereness, aws-ter'nes, Austerity, aws-ter'it-i, «. quality of being austere : severity of manners or life : harshness. Austral, aws'tral, adj., southern. [L. australis — aiister, the south wind.] Australasian, aws-tral-a'shi-an, adj., pertaining to A ustralasia, or the countries that lie to the south of Asia. Australian, aws-tra'li-an, adj., of or pertaining to Australia, a large island between the Indian and Pacific Oceans.— «. a native of Australia. Austrian, aws'tri-an, adj., of or pertaining to Austria, an empire of Central Europe. — «. A native of Austria. Authentic, -al, aw-thent'ik, -al, adj. having authority or genuineness as if from the author't own hand . original : genuine : true. — adv. Authen'tically. [Gr. authentes, one who does anything with his own ha.r\.) to inHict punishment for. — «. Avengement, a-veuj'ment. [Fr. venger — L. vindicare. See Vengeance.] Avenger, a-vcnj'er, ». one who avenges. Avenue, av'en-u, «. an alley of trees leading to a house : in Anier. a wide street. LFr., from L. ad, to, venio, to come.] Aver, a-ver', v.t. to declare to be true: to affirm or declare positively -.^pr-p. averring ; pa.p. averred'. [Fr. avere? — -L. ad, and vents, true.] Average, av'er-aj, «. the mean value or quantity of a number of values or quantities. — adj. con- taining a mean value. — v.t. to fi.\ an average. — v.i, to exist in, or form, a mean quantity. [Low L. averagiutn, carrying service due to a lord by his tenants with their averia or cattle ; loss, ex- pense in carrying — azierium, 'havings,' goods, cattle — O. Fr. aver — L. habere, to have ; con- fused with Dut. averij, Fr. avarie — Ar. awar, damage ; hence a contribution towards damage to a cargo formerly levied on each merchant in proportion to the goods carried.'] Averment, a-ver'ment, n. positive assertion. Averse, a-vers', adj. having a disinclination or hatred : disliking.— arfz/. Averse'ly.— «. Averse'- ness. [L. aversiis, turned away, pa.p. of averto. See Avert.] Aversion, a-ver'shun, «. dislike : hatred : the object of dislike. [See Avert.] Avert, a-vert', v.t. to turn from or aside : to pre- vent. [L. averto — ab, from, verto, to turn.] Aviary, a'vi-ar-i, «. a place for keeping birds. [L. aviarium — avis, a bird.] Avidity, a-vid'it-i, «. eagerness : greediness. [L. aviditas — avidits, greedy — aveo, to pant after.] Avocation, a-vo-ka'shun, n. formerly and pro- perly, a diversion or distraction from one's regular employment : now, one's proper busi- ness = Vocation : business which calls for one's time and attention. [L. avocatio, a calling away— a^, from, voco, to call.] Avoid, a-void', v.t. to try to escape from : to shun. — adj. Avoid'able. [Pfx. a — Fr. es = L. ex, *^out, and Void.] Avoidance, a-void'ans, n. the act of avoiding or shunning: act of annulling. Avoirdupois, av-er-du-poiz', adj. or n. a system of weights in which the lb. equals i6 oz. [Fr. avoir du pais, to have (of the) weight — L. Iiabeo, to have, pensum, that which is weighed.] Avouch, a-vowch', V. t. to avow : to assert or own positively. [Fr. d, and O. Fr. vocher — L. voco, to call See Voucll.] Avow, a-vow', v.t. to declare openly: to own or confess. — adv. Avow'edly. — adj. AvoWablS. [Fr. avotier, orig, to swear fealty to — L. ad, and votum, a vow. See Vow.] Avowal, a-vow'al, n. a positive declaration : a frank confession. Await, a- wat', v.t. to "Wait or look for : to be in store for : to attend. [Through Fr. from root of Ger. wacht, a watch. See Wait. ] Awake, a-wak', v.t. to rouse from sleep : to rouse from a state of inaction. — v.i. to cease sleeping: to rouse one's self: — pa.p. awaked' or awoke'. —adj. not asleep : vigilant. [A.S. awacan — a- (Ger. er-, Goth, us-, Ice. or-), inten. or causal, and wacan, to wake.] Awaken, a-wak'n, v.t. and v.i. to awake. Azurs Awakening, a-wak'n-ing, n. the act of awaking or ceasing to sleep : a revival of religion. Award, a-wawrd', ■n.t. to adjudge : to determine. —«. judgment : final decision, esp. of arbitrators. [O. Fr. eswardeir or esgardcir, from es = L. ex and a Teutonic root seen in E. Ward.] Aware, a-war", adj. wary : informed. [From an A.S.ge-wcer, from prefix ge- and ivcer, cautious. See Wary.] Away, a-wa', adv. out of the way : absent. — int. begone ! — (I cannot) Away With = bear or endure : Away With (lum) = take away : (make) Away with = destroy. [A.S. aiveg — a, on, weg, way, [lit.) 'on one's way.'] AwOj aw, n. reverential fear: dread. — v.t. to strike with or influence by fear. [Ice. agi, A.S. ege, fear ; cog. with Gael, eaghal, Gr. achos, anguish. From root ag-, seen in Anger, AnLsious.] Aweary, a-we'ri, «. -weary. [Pfx. a, and Weary.] Awe-struck, aw'-struk, adj. struck or affected with awe. Awful, aw'fool, adj. full of awe. — adv. Aw'fully. — «. Aw'fulness. Awhile, a-hwil', adv. for some time : for a short time. [Pfx. a, and While.] Awkward, awk'ward, adj. clumsy : ungraceful. — adv. Awk'wardly n. Awk'wardness. [M. E. awk, contrary, wrong, and A.S. ward, direction.] Awl, awl, n. a pointed instrument for boring small holes in leather. [A.S. a//.] Awn, awn, n. a scale or husk : beard of corn or grass. —at^V. Awned, Awnless. [Ice. ogn; Ger. ahne ; from root ak-, sharp, seen in Acute.] Awning, awn'ing, «. a covering to shelter from the sun's rays. [Ety. dub.] Awoke, a- wok', did awake — past tense of Awake. Awry, a-ri', adj. twisted to one side : crooked : wrong : perverse. — adv. mievenly : perversely. [Pfx. a, on, and Wry.] Axe, aks, «. a well-known instrument for hewing or chopping. [A.S. ax ; L. ascia; Gr. axine, perhaps from root ak-, sharp.] Axiom, aks'yum, n. a self-evident truth : ,a universally received principle in an art or science. — «. Axlomat'lc, Axiomat'lcal. — adv. Axiomat'lcally. [Gr. axidma — axioo, to think wortii, to take for granted — axios, worth.] Axis, aks'is, «. the axle, or the line, real or ima- ginai-y, on which a body revolves :— //. Axes, aks'ez. — adj. Ax'ial. [L. axis; cf. Gr. axon. Sans, aksha, A.S. eax.] Axle, aks'l, Axle-tree, aksl-tre, «. the pin or rod in the nave of a wheel on which the wheel turns. [Dim. from A.S. eax, an axle ; Sw. axel.] Ay, Aye^'I, adv., yea: yes : indeed. — Aye, I, «. a vote m the affirmative. [A form of Yea.] Ayah, a'ya, «. a native Indian waitiHg-maid. Aye, a, adv., ever: always: for ever. [Ice. ei, ever, A.S. a; conn, with Age, Ever.] Ayry, a'ri, n. a hawk's nest. [See Eyiy.] Azimuth, az'im-uth, «. the arc of the horizon be- tween the meridian of a place and a vertical circle passing through any celestial body. [Ar. al samt, the direction. See Zenith.] Azote, a-zot', n. nitrogen, so called because it does not sustain animal life. — adj. Azot'lc. [Gr. a, neg., and zao, to live.] Azure, a'zhur, adj. of a faint blue: sky-coloured. — «. a delicate blue colour : the sky. [Fr. azur, corn of Low 'U.lazur, lazulum, azolum, blue; of Pers. origin.] 80 &te, far : me, h^ ; mine : mote ; mute ; mo3n ; i/ten. Baa BSA, ba, «. the cry of a sheep. — v.i. to cry or bleat as a sheep. [B'rom the sound.] Babble, bab'bl, v.i. to speak like a baby: to talk childishly: to tell secrets. — 2'.t. to prate: to utter. [E. ; connected with Dut. babbelen, Ger. babhebt, Fr. babiller, from ba, ba, representing the first attempts of a child to speak.] Babble, bab'bl, Babblement, bab'bl-ment. Bab- bling, bab'bling, n. idle senseless talk. Babbler, bab'bler, «., otie ivlio babbles. Babe, bab, Baby, ba'bi, «. an infant : child. — adj. Ba'bylsh.— «. Ba'byhood. YBa,ba. See Babble.] Babel, ba'bel, n. a confused combination of sounds. [From Heb. Babel (confusion), where the language of man was confounded.] Baboon, ba-boon', n. a species of large monkey, having a long face, dog-like tusks, large lips, and a short tail. [Fr. baboiiin ; remoter origin dub.] Bacchanal, bakTca-nal, Bacchanalian, bak-ka- na'li-an, n. a worshipper of Bacchus : one who indulges in drunken revels. — adj. relating to drunken revels. [L. Bacchus, Gr. Bacchos, the god of wine.] Bacchanalia, bak-ka-nani-a. Bacchanals, bak- ka-nalz, «.//. orig. feasts in honour ol Bacchus : drunken revels. Bachelor, bach'el-or, n. an unmarried man : one who has taken his iirst degree at a university. — Tts. Bach'elorhood, Bach'elorship. [O. Fr. bacheler, a young man. Ety. disputed ; ac- cording to Brachet from Low L. baccalarius, a farm-servant, originally a cow-herd ; from bac- calia, a herd of cows ; and this from bacca, Low L. for vacca, a cow.] Back, bak, «. the hinder part of the body in man, and the upper part in beasts : the hinder part. — adv. to the place from which one came : to a former state or condition : behind : in return: again. — v.t. to get upon the back of: to help, as if standing at one's back : to put backward. — v.i. to move or go back. [A.S. beec, Sw. bak, Dan. bag.l Backbite, bak'bit, v.t. to speak evil of any one behind his back or in his absence. — ns. Back'- biter, Back'biting. Backbone, bak'bon, «. the bone of the back, the vertebral column. Backdoor, bak'dOr, n. a door in the back part of a building. Backed, bakt, adj. provided with a back : — used in composition, as Hump-backed. Backer, bak'er, n. one who backs or supports another in a contest. Backgammon, bak-gam'un, n. a game played by two persons on a board with dice and fifteen men or pieces each. [Ety. dub., perhaps A.S. biFc, back, axiA gamen, game.] Background, bak'grownd, «. ground at the back : a place of obscurity : the space behind the principal figures of a picture. Back-handed, bak'-hand-ed, adj. with the hand turned backward (as of a blow) : indirect. Back-piece, bak'-pes. Back-plate, bak'-plat, «. a piece or plate of armour for the back. Backsheesh, Backshish, bak'shesh, n. , a gift or pr-esent of money, in the East. [Pers.] Backslide, bak-slTd', v.i. to slide or fall back in faith or morals : — j>a.p. backslid' or back- slidd'en.— «j. Backslid'er, Backslid'ing. BaU Backstairs, bak'starz, n,pl. back or private st^rs of a house. — adj. secret or underhand. Backward, bak'ward. Backwards, bak'wardz, adv. towards the back : on the back : towards the past : from a better to a worse state. [Back and affix Ward, Wards, in the direction of] BacifWard, bak'ward, adj. keeping back : un- willing : slow: late.— ai/z/. Back'wardly.— «. Back'wardness. Backwoods, bak'woodz, n.pl., the forest or un- cultivated part of a country beyond the cleared country, as in N. Araer. — «. BackWOOdS'man. Bacon, ba'kn, «. swine's flesh salted or pickled and dried. [O. Fr. — O. Dutch, bak, a pig.] Baconian, bak-On'i-an, adj. pertaining to Lord Bacon (1561 — 1626), or to his philosophy, which was inductive or based on experience. Bad, bad, adj. ill or evil : wicked : hurtful : — co}?ip. Worse ; superl. Worst. [Ety. dub., per- haps from Celt, baodh, foolish, wicked.] Baddish, bad ish, adj. somewhat bad : not very good. [Bad, and dim. termination ish.'\ Bade, bad, past tense of Bid. Badge, baj, «. a mark or sign by which one is known or distinguished. [Low L. bagia, a mark, baga, a ring, from a Teut. root, seen in A.S. beah, a ring, mark of distinction.] Badger, baj'er, n. a burrowing animal about the size of a fox, eagerly hunted by dogs. — v.t. to pursue with eagerness, as dogs hunt the badger : to pester or worry. [A corr. of bladger — O. Fr. bladier, Low L. bladarius, a corn-dealer, from bladum, corn, because the creature was be- lieved to store up corn. Ace. to Diez, bladuin is from L. ablatum, ' carried away. ' See Ablative.] Badinage, bad'in-azh, «. light playful talk: banter. [Fr. badinage — baditi, playful of bantering.] Badly, bad'li, adv. in a bad manner : not ^vell : imperfectly : wrongly. — n. Pad'ness. Baffle, baffl, v.t. to elude or defeat by artifice; to check or make ineffectual. [O. Fr. befler, to deceive, to mock ; It. beffa, a scoffing.] Bag, bag, n. a sack or pouch. — v.t. to put into a bag -.—pr.p. bagg'ing ; pa.p. bagged'. [A. S. beelg, bag, belly ; Celt, bag, balg, belly, wallet.] Bagatelle, bag-a-tel', n. a trifle : a game played on a board with nine balls and a cue. [Fr. ; It. bagatella, a conjurer's trick, a trifle.] Baggage, bag'aj, «. the tents, provisions, and other necessaries of an array : traveller's lug- gage. [Fr. bagage — O. Fr. bagues, goods or effects ; from Celt, bag, a bundle.] Baggage, bag'aj, «. a worthless woman : a saucy female. [Fr. bagasse, a prostitute.] Bagging, bag'ing, n. cloth or material for bags. Baggy, bag'i, adj. loose like a bag. Bagman, bag'man, n. a commercial traveller. Bagnio, ban'yo, «. a house of ill-fame. [It. bagno — L. balneum, a bath.] Bagpipe, bag'pip, n. a musical wind-instrument, consisting of a leathern bag, which acts as a bellows, and pipes. — «. Bag'piper. [tempt. Bah, ba, int. an exclamation of disgust or con- Bail, bal, «. one who procures the release of an accused person by becoming guardian or security for his appearing in court : the security given. — v.t. to set a person free by giving security for him : to release on the security of another. [O. Fr. bail, a guardian, a tutor ; Low L. baila, a nurse, from L. bajulus, a carrier. ] Bail, bal, n. one of the cross pieces on the top of the wicket in cricket. [O. Fr. bailies, sticks, a palisade.] fSte, far : me, her ; mine ; mote ; mtste ; moDn ; Men. 31 Ball Band Ball, bal, v.t. to clear (a boat) of water with buckets. [Dut. balii:, a tub, Kr. bailie (svhence Diez derives the Dut. word). Also spelled Bale.] Bailable, bril'a-bl, ailj. adiuittiu;; of bail. Bailie, bal'i, «. .a nuuiicipal ofliccr in Scotland corresponding to an alderman. [Fr. biiilli, land-steward, ollicer of justice. See Bailifil | Bailiff, bfil'if, «. ,a sheriff's officer : an agent or land-steward. [O. Fr. builli/ {old Corm ol bai'lli, see Bailie) ; from root of Bail.] Bailiwick, brd'i-wik, «. the jurisdiction of a bailiff. [O. Fr. bitillie, lordship, authority, and A.S. Tc/i- — L. viciis, a village, station.] Bairn, bam, «. a child. [Scot, bairn, A.S. beam — beran, to bear.] Bait, bat, 11. food put on a hook to allure fish or make them bite: any allurement: a refresh- ment taken on a journey — v.t. to set food as a lure: to give refreshment on a journey. — v.i. to take refreshment on a journey. 'See Bait, i'.] Bait, bat, v.t. to provoke an anii.ial by inciting dogs to bite it : to harass. [Ice. beita, from root of Bite.] Baize, bas, «. a coarse woollen cloth. [From pi. of Fr. bayc; so called from its colour. See Bay, adj.\ Bake, bak, v.t. to dry, harden, or cook by the heat of the sun or of fire : to prepare food in an oven. — "J.i. to work as a baker. [A.S. bacan ; cog. with Ger. backen, to bake, Gr. phogo, to roast] [for baking in. Bakehouse, bak'hows, 71. a house or place used Baker, bsk'er, n. one who bakes bread, &c. Bakery, bak'er-i, n. a bakehouse. Baking, bsk'ing, n. the process by which bread is baked : the quantity baked at one time. Balance, bal'ans, n. an instrument for weighing, usually formed of two dishes or scales hanging from a beam supported in the middle : act of weighing two things ; equality or just propor- tion of weight or power, as the balance 0/ power ; the sum required to make the two sides of an account equal, hence the surplus, or the sum due on an account. — v.t. to weigh in a balance: to counterpoise : to compare : to settle, as an account. — v.i. to have equal weight or power, &c. : to hesitate or fluctuate. [Fr. — L. bilanx, having two scales — bis, double, lanx, lands, a dish or scale.] Balance-sheet, bal'ans-shet, n. a sheet of paper shewing a summary and balance of accounts. Balcony, balk'on-i, «. a platform or gallery out- side the window of a room. [It. balcone : from O. Ger. balcho (Ger. balkeii), a beam, cog. with E. Balk in the obs. sense of beam, partition.] Bald, bawld, adj. without hair on the head : bare, unadorned. — ^^/ly.Bald'ly. — «.Bald'ness. [Grig, 'shining,' 'white,' Celt, bal, 'white' spot; or conn, with Bold, which in Goth, balthai, meant the 'brave,' 'shining,' Ice. Baldr, '' Li:;/itgod.'] Balderdash, bawl'der-dash, n. idle, senseless talk : anything jumbled together without judgment. [Ety. dub.] [head. Baldhead, bawld'hed, n. a person bald on the Baldrlck, bawld'rik, ?t. a warrior's belt. [O. Fr. baldric, from O. Ger. balderick, girdle.] Bale, bal, «., a ball, bundle, or package of goods. — v.t. to make into bales. [See Ball.] Bale, bal, v.t. to throw out water. [See Bail.] Baleen, ba-len', «. the whalebone of commerce. [Fr. — L. baltrna, whale.] Baleful, bal'fool, cidj. full of misery, destructive : full of sorrow, sad.— ti, death.] [fully. Baneful, ban' fool, adj. destructive. — adv. Bane'- Bang, bang, n. a heavy blow. — v.t. to beat: to strike violently. [Ice. bang, a hammering ; originally perhaps from the sound.] Bang, Bangue, bang, «. a a intoxicating drug made from Indian hemp. [Pers. bang.\ Banian. See Banyan. Banish, banish, v.t. to condemn to exile : to drive away. [Fr. bannir — Low L. bannire, to pro- claim, from Ban, and see Abandon.] Banishment, ban'ish-ment, «. exile. Banister, ban'ist-er, n. corruption of BalUSter. Banjo, ban'jo, «. a musical instrument like a fiddle. [Corr. of Fr. bandore or J>andore — L. pandura — Gr. pandoura.} Bank, bangk, n. a mound or ridge of earth : the earthy margin of a river, lake, &c. : rising ground in the sea. — v.t. to inclose with a bank. [A. S. banc; Ger. bank. Conn, with Bench through the idea of ' thing ridged or raised.' ] Bank, bangk, «. a place where money is deposited : an institution for the keeping, lending, and ex- changing, &c. of money. — v.t. to deposit in a bank, as money. [Fr. banque—\\.. banco, a bench on which the Italian money-changers displayed their money — Ger. bank, E. Bench.] Banker, bangk'er, n. one who keeps a bank : one employed in banking business. Banking, bangk'ing, n. the business of a banker. — adj. pertaining to a bank. Bank-note, bangk'-nOt, «. a note issued by a bank, which passes as money. Bankrupt, bangk'rupt, «. one who breaks or fails in business : an insolvent person. — adj. insolvent. [Bank, a bench, and L. riiptus, broken.] Bankruptcy, bangkVupt-si, «. the state of being or act of becoming bankrupt. Bank-stock, bangk'-stok, n. a share or shares in the capital stock of a bank. Banner, ban'er. «. a military standard : a flag or ensign. [Fr. banniere. It. bandiera — Low L. bandiim, a standard, from Ger. band, a band, a strip of cloth, a waving or fluttering cloth, used as a flag— Ger. binden. See Eand, Bind.] Bannered, ban'erd, adj. furnished with banners. Barbarity Banneret, ban'er-et, «. a higher class of knight, inferior to a baron. [I'r., dim. of Banner.] Banns, banz, n.jil. a proclamation of marriage. [From Ban.] Banquet, bangk' wet, n. a feast : any rich treat or entertainment. — v.t. to give a feast to. — v.t. to fare sumptuously.— ?i. Banq'uet-house. [Fr. — It. bancfictto, dim. of banco, a bench or table — Ger. bank. See Bank, a bench.] Banshee, ban'she, «. a female fairy in Ireland and elsewhere, who usually appears and utters a peculiar shrieking wail before a death in a particular family to which she is attached. [Ir. bea7t, a woman, sidhe, a fairy.] Bantam, ban'tam, «. a small variety of the com- mon fowl, brought from the East Indies, and supposed to be named from Bantam in Java. — adj. of the bantam breed. Banter, bant'er, v.t. to assail with good-humoured raillery : to joke or jest at. — n. humorous raillery : jesting. [Ety. dub.] Banting, bant'ing, «. a system of diet forrediicing superfluous fat. [From W. Banting of London, who recommended it to the public in 1863.] Bantling, bant'ling, «. a child. [So called from the bands in which it is wrapped.] Banyan, ban'yan, n. one belonging to the caste of merchants in India. Banyan-day, a day with- out meat. [Sans, banij, a merchant.] Banyan, ban'yan, n. the Indian fig-tree whose branches take root and spread over a large area. [So called by the English because the Banyans (merchants) held their markets under it.] Baobab, ba'o-bab, «. a large African tree. [W. African.] Baptise, bapt-Iz', v.t. to administer baptism to: to christen. [Gr. baptizo — baptd, to dip in water.] Baptism, bapt'izm, n. immersion in or sprinkling with water as a religious ceremony." — adj. Baptism'al. Baptist, bapt'ist, n. one who baptises : one who approves only of adult baptism by immersion. Baptistery, bapt'ist-er-i, «. a place where baptism is administered. Bar, bar, n. a rod of any solid substance : a bolt : a hinderance or obstruction : a bank of sand or other matter at the mouth of a river : the railing that incloses a space in a tavern or in a court of law : any tribunal : the pleaders in a court as distinguished from the judges : a division in music. — v.t. to fasten or secure, as with a bar: to hinder or exclude : — pr.p. barr'ing ; pa.p. barred'. [Fr. barre, It. barra ; of Celtic origin.] Barb, barb, n. the beard-like jag near the point of an arrow, fish-hook, &c. — v.t. to arm with barbs, as an arrow, &c. [Fr. — L. barba, a beard.] Barb, barb, n. a swift kind of horse, the breed of which came from Barbary in North Africa. Barbacan, bar'ba-kan. Barbican, bar'bi-kan, «. an outer work or defence of a castle, esp. before a gate or bridge. [Low L. barbacana, prob. from Pers.] Barbarian, bar-bar'i-an, adj. uncivilised : savage : without taste or refinement. — «. an uncivilised man, a savage : a cruel, brutal man. [L. bar- barns, Gr. barbaros — bar, bar, an imitation of unintelligible sounds — applied by the Greeks (and afterwards the Romans) to those speaking a difl'erent language from themselves.] Barbaric, bar-bar'ik, ndj. foreign : uncivilised. Barbarise, biir'bar-Iz, v.t. to make barbarous. Barbarism, bar'bar-izm, n. savage life: rudeness of manners: an incorrect form of speech. Barbarity, bar-bar'i-ti, ft. savageness : cruelty. fate, far ; m5, her ; mine ; mSte ; mute ; mSOn ; Men. Barbarous Base Barbarous, har'l)ar-us, adj. uncivilised : nide : s.-ivaRc, bniuil.— rt./z/. BarTjarously. — ». Bar'- barousness. Bavbocue, liiirb'e-ku, v.t. to roast whole, as a pi;;. [Ely. dub.] Barbel, barb'el. «. a fresh-water fish with beard- Hke appendages at its mouth. [O. Fr. barbel — L. barba, a beard.] Barber, barb'er, «. one who shaves beards and dresses hair. [Fr. — L. barba, a beard.] Barberry, barT^er-i, «. a thorny shrub with red berries, common in hedges. [Low L. and Sp. berbeHs — Ar. barbaris.] Barbican, b-arbi-kan, «. Same as Barbacan. Bard, bard, «. a poet and singer among the ancient Celts : a poet. [Celtic] Bardic, bard'ik, atij, pertaining to bards or their poetry. Bare, bar, adj. uncovered, naked : poor, scanty : unadorned: mere or by itself. — v.t. to strip or u.icover. —«//?'. Barely —«. Bare'ness. [A.S. beer; Ger. baar, bar; Ice. berSi Bare, bar, oXAfa.t. of Bear. Barefaced, bar'fast, adj. with the face uncovered : impudent.— aoSf. Bare'facodly. — n. Bare'faced- ness. Bargain, bar'gin, «. a contract or agreement : a fa.ourable transaction.— Into the bargain, over: above: besides. — v.i. to make a contract or agreement : to chaffer. [Fr. barguigner — Low L. barcaniare ; ace. to Diez from barca, a boat, used in carrying goods about.] Barge, barj, «. a boat used in the unloading of large vessels : a pleasure or state boat. [O. Fr. barge — Low L. bargia. Prob. a doublet of Bark, a barge.] Barilla, bar-il'a, «. an alkaline ash obtained by burning several marine plants (that grow chiefly on the east coast of Spain), used for making soap, glass, &c. [Sp.] Baritone, bar'i-ton. Same as Barytone. Bark, bark, «. the noise made by a dog, wolf, &c. — v.i. to yelp like a dog : to clamour. [A.S. beorcan, probably a variety of brecan, to crack, snap. See Break.] Bark, Barque, bark, n. a barge : a ship of small size : technically, a three-masted vessel with no square sails on her mizzen-mast. [Fr. barque — Low L. barca; perh. from Gr. baris, a boat.] Bark, bark, 71. the outer rind or covering of a tree. — v.i. to strip or peel the bark from. [Dan. bark. Ice. bd'rkr.'\ Barley, biir'li, «. a grain used for food, but chiefly for making malt. [A.S. bcerlic—bere (Scot, bear) and lie — lee, leek, plant ; W. barllys — bara, bread, llys, a plant ; akin to L. /ur, corn — from root of to bear.\ Barley-corn, biir'li-korn, «. a grain of barley : a measure of length =.the third part of an inch. Barm, barm, n. froth of beer or other fermenting liquor, used as leaven : yeast. [A.S. beorina, Dan. bdrine ; akin to L. /erjiienium, Eng. brew.'\ [bar of a tavern or beer-shop. Barmaid, bar'mad, «. a female who waits at the Barmecide, bar'me-sld, adj. imaginary or pre- tended. [From a story in the Arabian Nights, in which a beggar is entertained by one of the Barmecide princes on an imaginary feast.] Barmy, barm'i, adj. containing barm or j^east. Bam, bam, n. a building in which grain, hay, &c. are stored. — v.t. to store in a barn. — ns. Barn-door, barn'-dor, Bam-yard, bam'-yard. [A. S. berem, contracted bern, from bere, barley, ern, a house.] Barnacle, bar'na-kl, «. a shell-fish which adheres to rocks and the bottoms of ships : a kind of goose. [Ety. dub.] Barnacles, bar'na-klz, n. spectacles. [O. Fr. bericle, dim. from L. beryllus, beryl, crystal ; Ger. brille.] Barometer, bar-om'et-er, «. an instrument by which the weight of the atmosphere is fneasi4red and changes of weather indicated. — adj. Baro- roBt'Tic—adv. Baromet'rically. [Gr. baros, weight; metron, measure.] Baron, bar'on, n. a title of rank ne'ct above a baronet and below a viscount, being the lowest in the House of Peers : a title of certain judges : in feudal times, the peers or great lords of the realm. [Fr. baron ; in the Romance tongues the word meant a man as opposed to a woman, a strong man, a warrior ; either from Celtic bar, a hero, fear, a man, or from O. Ger. bar, man (O. Ger. bairan, E. Bear, to carry).] Baronage, bar'on-aj, «. the whole body of barons. Baroness, bar'on-es, «. a baron's wife. Baronet, bar'on-et, n. a title of rank next above a knight and below a baron — the lowest heredi- tary title in England. [Dim. of Baron.] Baronetage, bar'on-et-aj, «. the whole body ot baronets. Baronetcy, bar'on-et-si, n. the rank of baronet Baronial, bar-On'i-al, adj. pertaining to a baron or barony. Barony, bar'on-!, «. the territory of a baron. Barouche, ba-riJOsh', n. a double-seated four- wheeled carriage with a falling top. [It. har- racio—h. birattis, two- wheeled, from bis, twice, rota, a wheel.] Barque, bark, n. same as Bark, a ship. Barrack, bar'ak, «. a hut or building for soldiers, esp. in garrison (generally used in the plural). [Fr. barayue. It. baracca, a tent ; cf. Celtic barrachad, a hut.] Barrel, bar'el, n. a round wooden vessel made of bars or staves : the quantity which such a vessel contains : anything long and hollow, as the barrel of a gun. — v.t. to put in a barrel. [Fr. baril—barre. See Bar.] Barren, bar'en, adj. incapable of bearing oflf- spring: unfruitful: dull, stupid.— «. Barr'en- ness. [Fr. brihaigne, O. Fr. baraigne.] Barricade, bar'ik-ad, u. a temporary fortification raised to hinder the advance of an enemy, as in the street fights at Paris. — z/.^. to obstruct : to fortify. [Fr. — barre, 3Lha.r. See Bar.] Barrier, bar'i-er, «. a defence against attack : a limit or boundary. [Fr. barriere.] Barrister, bar'is-ter, «. one who is qualified to plead at the bar in an English law-court. Barrow, bar'ro, «. a small hand or wheel carriage used to bear or convey a load. [A.S. berewe — beran, to bear.] Barrow, bar'ro, «. a mound raised over graves in former times. [A.S. beork — beorgan, to protect] Barter, bar'ter, v.t._ to give one thing in exchange for another. — v.i. to traffic by exchanging. — K. traffic by exchange of commodities. [O. Fr. bareter.\ Barytone, bar'i-ton, «. a deep-toned male voice between bass and tenor. [Gr. barys, heavy, deep, and tonos, a tone.] Basalt, bas-awlt^, 71. a hard, dark-coloured rock of igneous origin — adj. Basaltic. [L. basaltes (an African word), a marble found in Ethiopia.] Base, bas, n. that on which a thing rests : foot : bottom : foundation : support : the chief in- gredient. — v.t. to found or place on a base: M fiHe, £u: ; ■>£, h^r ; mine ; mOte ; akute ; moon ; tkaa. Base Batter —pr.p. bas'ing; fa.p. based. [Fr. — L.— Gr. basis — baino, to step.] Base, has, adj. low in place, value, estimation, or principle : mean : vile : worthless : (Ne7u Test.) humble, \ow\y.— adv. Basely.— «. Base'- ness. [Fr. bas — Low L. bassrts, thick, fat, a vulgar Roman word, found also in name Bassjts.} Base-bom, bas'-ba\vm, adj. bom of low parent- age : illegitimate by birth : mean. [tion. Baseless, basics, adj. without a base or fbunda- Basement, bas'ment, «. the base or lowest story of a building. Ease-spirited, bas'-spir-it-ed, adj'. mean-spirited. Base-string, bas'-string, «. the string of a musical instrument that gives the lowest note. Bas6-Viol, bas'-vl-ol, n. Same as Bass-Viol. Bashaw, ba-shaw', «. com. written Pasha or Pacha, which see. Bashful, bash'fool, adj'. easily confused : modest : shy: wanting confidence. — adv, Bash'fully. — «. Bashftilness. [From root of Abash.] Basilica, baz-il'ik-a, «. among the Romans, a large hall for judicial and commercial purposes, many of which were afterwards converted into Christian churches : a magnificent churA built after the plan of the ancient basilica. [L. basi- lica, Gr. basilike [oikia, a house), belonging to a king, from basiieiis, a king.] Basilisk, baz'il-isk, «. a fabulous serpent having a crest on its head like a crown : in modem zoology, a kind of crested lizard. [Gr. basilis- kos, dim. oi basiiezes, a king.] Basin, bas'n, «. a wide open vessel or dish : any hollow place containing water, as a dock : the area drained by a river and its tributaries. [Fr. bassin. It. bacino. Low L. bacckinus, perhaps from the Celtic bac, a cavity.] Basis, bas'is, «. the foundation or that on which a thing rests : the pedestal of a column : the groundwork or first principle -.^pl. Bases, bas'ez. [See Base, foundation.] Bask, bask, v.i. to lie in the warmth or sunshine. [From an O. Scand. form of Bathe.] Basket, bas'ket, n. a vessel made of plaited twigs, rushes, or other fle.xible materials. [W. basged — basg, network, plaiting.] Basket-hilt, basOiet-hilt, 71. the hilt of a sword with a cover^ig wrought like basket-work to defend the hand from injury. Basque, bask, adj'. relating to Biscay, a district of Spain, or to the language of its natives. Bas-relief, ba-re-lef, «. Same as Bass-relief. Bass, bas, «. the Icnv or grave part in music. — adj. low, deep, grave. — v.t. to sound in a deep tone. [See Base, lowj Bass, bas, «. Same as Bast, which see. Bassoon^ bas-oon', n. a musical wind-instrument of a bass or very low note. [It. bassone, aug- ment, of basso, low, from root of Base.] Bass-relief, bas'-re-lef, n. {sculpture) figures which do not stand far out from the ground on which they are formed. [It. basso-rilievo. See Base, low, and Belief.] Bass-viol, bSs'-vI-ol, n. a musical instrument with four strings, used for playing the bass: the violoncello. [See BaSS, low, and Viol.] Bast, bast, n. the inner bark of the lime-tree : matting made of it. [A.S. brest ; Dan,, Sw., Ger. bast.'\ Bastard, bast'ard, n. a child born of parents not married. — adj. bom out of wedlock : not genu- ine : false. [Fr. b&tard ; O. Fr. fils de bast, son of bast, bast or bat being; a coarse saddle for beasts of burden, and indicathig contempt.] Bastardise, bast^ard-iz, v.t. to prove to be a bastard. [bastard. Bastardy, bast'ard-i, n. the state of being a Baste, bast, v.t., to beat with a stick. [Ice.- beysta, Dan. boste, to beat.] Baste, bast, v.t. to drop fat or butter over meat while roasting. [Ety. unknown.] Baste, bast, v.t., to seiv slightly or with long stitches. [O. Fr. bastir, from O. Ger. bestan, to sew.] Bastille, bast-el', «. an old fortress in Paris long used as a state prison, and demolished in 1789. [Fr.— O. Fr. bastir (Fr. b&tir), to build.] Bastinado, bast-in-ad'. Bastinado, bast-in-ad'o, v.t. to beat with a baton or stick, esp. on the soles of the feet (a form of punishment in the East) : — pr.p. bastinad'ing or bastinad'oing ; pa. p. bastinad'ed or bastinad'oed. — >is. Bastin- ado', Bastinad'O. [Sp. bastonada, Fr. bas- tonnade — baston, bUtoit. See Baton.] Ba.stion, bast'yun, n. a kind of tower at the angles of a fortification. [¥r. — O. Fr. bastir, to build.] Bat, bat, n. a heavy snck for beating or striking : a flat club for striking the ball in cricket : a piece of brick. — v.i. to use the bat in cricket: —pr.p. batt'ing : fa.p. batt'ed. [Celt, bat, the root of beat, an imitation of the sound of a blow.] Bat, bat, «. an animal with a body like a mouse, but which flies on wings attached to its fore-feet. [M.E. and Scot, bakke — Dan. bakke. Ice. letlier- blaka, leather-flapper.] Batch, bach, n. the quantity of bread baked or of anything made at one time. [From Bake.] Bate, bat, v.t. and v.i. Same as Abate. Bath, bath, n. water for plunging; the body into : a bathing : a house for bathing : — pi. Baths,* bathz. [A.S. bieth; cog. with Ger. bad.] Bath, bath, n. the largest Jewish liquid measure, containing about 8 gallons. [Heb. 'measured.'] Bathe, \>a.ih, v.t. to wash as in a bath: to. wash or moisten with any liquid. — v.i. to be or lie in water as in a bath.— «. the act of taking a bath. [A.S. bathian — b(eih.\ Bathos, ba'thos, n. a ludicrous descent from the elevated to the mean in writing or speech. [Gr. bathos, depth, from bathys, deep.] Bating, bat'ing. /?•*'/., abating, e.vcepting. Batlet, bat'let, n. a wooden mallet used by laundresses for beating clothes. [Dim. of Bat.] Baton, bat'on, n. a staff or truncheon, esp. of a policeman : a marshal's staff. [Fr. bSton — Low L. basto, a stick ; of unknown origin.] Batrachian, ba-traTci-an, adj. of or belonging to theyr*^ tribe. [Gr. batraclios, a frog.] Batsman, bats'man, «. one who wields the bat at cricket, &c. Battalion, bat-al'yun, n. in the infantry of a modern army, the tactical unit or unit of com- mand, being a body of soldiers convenient for acting together (numbering from 500 to 1000) ; several companies form a battalion, and one or more battalions a regiment : a body of men drawn up in battle-array. [Fr. ; from root of Battle.] Batten, bat'n, 71. i. to grow fat : to live in luxury. — v.t. to fatten : to fertilise or enrich. [Ice. batna, to grow better. See Better.] [Baton. Batten, bat'n, n. a piece of board. [Same as Batter, bat'er, v.i., to beat iidth successive blows: to wear with beating or by use : to attack with artillery. — n. ingredients beaten along with some liquid into a paste : {arch. ) a backward slope in the face of a wall. [Fr. battre. It. battcre—L. ba'lHcre; conn, with Beat.] (ate, far ; me, h6r ; mine ; mSte ; mute ; moon ; thea. ^ Batter Batter, bat'er, n. one who uses the bat at cricket. Battering-ram, bat'cr-inR-ram, «. an ancient engine for batteriiiK down walls, consisting of a large beam with an iron head like that of a ram, suspended in a frame. Battery, bat'6r-i, «. a numberof cannon with their equipment : the place on which cannon are mounted : the men and horses attending a battery : an instrument used in electric and galvanic experiments: (/aw) an assault by beat- ing or wounding. [playing games. Batting, bat'ing, n. the management of a bat in Battle, bat'l. It. a contest between opposing armies: a fight or encounter. — v.i. to join or contend in fight. [Fr. baiaille — batire, to beat. See Batter.] Battle-axe, bat'1-aks, n. a kind of axe formerly used in battle. Battledoor, Battledore, bat'l-dor, «. a light bat for striking a ball or shuttle-cock. [Sp. batidor, a beater, a washing-beetle.] Battlement, batl-ment, «. a wall or parapet on the top of a building with openings or embra- sures, orig. used only on fortifications. — adj. Battlemented. [Prob. from O. Fr. bastiUe- meiit— bastir, to build.] Battue, bat-toS', «. a sporting term : in a battue, the woods are beaieyt and the game driven into one place for the convenience of the shooters. [¥r.— bat/re, to beat.] Bauble, baw'bl, ?/. a trifling piece of finery : a child's plaything. [Fr. babiole — It. babbole, toys — babbeo, a simpleton.] BaudriC, bawd'rik. Same as Baldrick. Bawble, baw'bl. Same as Bauble. Bawd, bawd, «. a procurer or procuress of women for lewd purposes. — n. Bawdry. [O. Fr. baud, bold, wanton, from root of Bold.] Bawdy, bawd'i, adj. obscene : unchaste. — «. Bawd'iness. Bawl, bawl, v.i. to shout or cry out loudly. — n. a loud cry or shout. [Ice. baiila, to bellow.] Bay, ba, adj. reddish-brown inclining to chestnut. [Fr. bai, It. bajo — L. badius, chestnut-coloured.] Bay, ba, tt. the laurel-tree : — •//. an honorary gar- land or crown of victory, orig. of laurel : literary excellence. [Fr. baie, a berry — L. bacca.\ Bay, ba, n. an inlet of the sea, an inward bend of the shore. [Fr. baie — Low L^ baia, a harbour ; ety. dub. Ace. to Littre from Baia, name of a town on the Campanian coast] Bay, ba, v.t., to bark, as a dog at his game. — v.t. to bark at : to follow with barking. — At bay, said of hounds, when the stag turns and checks them, makes them stand and bark. [O. Fr. abbayer — L. ad, and baubari, to yelp.] Bayonet, ba'on-et, «. a dagger for fixing on the end of a musket. — v.t. to stab with a bayonet. [Fr. ba'ionnette — Bayomie, in France, where it was first made.] Bays, baz, «. a garland. See Bay, a laurel. Bay-salt, ba'-sawlt, n. salt obtained from sea-water by evaporation, esp. from salt-marshes along the coasts of France, &c. [See Bay, an inlet.] Eay-WlndOW, ba'-win-dO, n. a window projecting so as to form a bay or recess within. Bazaar, Bazar, ba-zar*, «. an Eastern market- place or exchange : a large hall or suite of rooms for the sale of goods. [Arab, bazar, a market.] Bdellium, del'i-um, n. a kind of gum. [Gr. bdel- lion. from Heb. bedolach.] Be, be, v.i. to live : to exist : to have a certain state or quality :—pr.p. be'ing ; pa.p. been [bin). [A.S. beon; Ger. bin; Gael, bi, to exist; W. byw. Bear-garden to live ; Gx.phud, \,.fui,yio. Sans, bhu, to be, originally meaning, to grow.} Beach, bech, «. the shore of the sea or of a lake, especially when sandy or pebbly : the strand. [Ice. bakki, a variety oi batik.} [beach. Beached, bccht, adj. having a beach : driven on a Beachy, bech'i, adj. having a beach or beaches. Beacon, be'kn, n. a fire on an eminence used as a sign of danger : anything that warns of danger. — v.t. to act as a beacon to: to light up. [A.S. beacen, a beacon, a sign ; conn, with Beckon. ] Bead, bed, «. a little ball pierced for stringing, used in counting the prayers recited, also used as an ornament: any small ball. [A.S. bed, gebed, a prayer, hon\iiddan, to pray. See Bid.] Beadle, bed'l, «. a messenger or crier of a court : a petty officer of a church, college, parish, &c. [A.S. bydel — beddan, to proclaim, to bid.] Bead-roll, bed'-rOl, «. among R. Catholics, a roil or list of the dead to be prayed for. [See Bead.] Beadsman, bedz'man, n. one employed to pray for others. -^;«. Beads'woman. Beagle, be'gl, «. a small hound chiefly used in hunting hares. [Ety. unknown.] Beak,.bek, «. the bill of a bird : anything pointed or projecting : in the ancient galley, a pointed iron fastened to the prow for piercing the enemy's vessel. — adj. Beak'ed. [Fr. bee — Celt. beic, akin to Peak, Pike.] Beaker, bek'er, n. a large drinking-bowl or cup. [Ice. bikarr (Scot, bicker) — Low L. bicaritim, ace. to Diez from Gr. bikos ; of Eastern origin.] Beam, bem, «. a large and straight piece of timber or iron forming one of the main supports of a building, ship, &c. : the part of a balance from which the scales hang : the pole of a carriage : a cylinder of wood in a loom : a ray of light. — — v.t. to send forth light : to shine. [A.S.^i-aw, a tree, stock of a tree, a ray of light; Ger. baton, 2l tree ; Gr. phyina, a growth — phy-, to grow.] Beamless, bem'les, adj. without beams : emitting no rays of light. Beamy, bem'i, adj. shining. Bean, ben, «. the name of several kinds of pulse and their seeds. [A.S. bean; Ger. bohne, W. jff^aen, L./aba.] Bear, bar, v.t. to carry or support : to endure : to behave or conduct one's self • to bring forth or produce. — v.i. to suffer : to be patient : to press (with on or 7(pon) : to be situated : — pr.p, bear'ing ; pa.t. bOre ; pa.p. bOrne (but the pa.p. when used to mean ' brought forth ' is bom). [A.S. beran; Goth, bairan, Y^./ero, Gr. phero. Sails. bhri.\ Bear, bar, «. a rough wild quadruped, with long shaggy hair and hooked claws : any brutal or ill-behaved person : [astron. ) the name of two constellations, the Great and the Little Bear. [A.S. beta; Ger. biir ; L,. /era, a wild beast, akin to Gr. ther, Mo\. plier.l Bearable, bar'a-bl, adj. that may be borne or endured. — adv. Bear'ably. Beard, herd, «. the hair that grows on the chin and adjacent parts : prickles on the ears of com : the barb of an arrow : the gills of oysters, &c. — v.t. to take by the beard: to oppose to the face. [A.S. ; W. bar/, Ger. bart, Russ. boroda, L. barba.] [harhed.— adj. Beardless. Bearded, berd'ed, adj. having a beard ; prickly : Bearer, bar'er, n. one who or that whiclr bears, esp. one who assists in carrying a body to the grave : a carrier or messenger. Bear-garden, bar'-gar-dn, n. an inclosure where bears are kept : a rude turbulent assembly. fate, far ; me, her : mine : mOte ; oiute ; mSon ; tftetx. Bearing Bdarlng, bar'ing, «. behaviour : situation of one object with regard to another : relation. Bearish, bar'ish, atij. Hke a bear. Bear'S-skin, bfuz'-skin, «. the skin of a bear : a shaggy woollen cloth for overcoats. [bears. Bear- ward, bar'-wawrd, n. a warden or keeper of Beast, best, n. an irrational animal, as opposed to man : a four-footed animal : a brutal person. [O. Fr. bestc, Fr. bcte—'L. bcstia.] Boastings, best'ingz. Same as Blestings. Beastly, best'li, adj. like a beast iu actions or behaviour : coarse : obscene. — n. Beastliness. Beat, bet, v.t., to strike repeatedly : to break or bruise : to strike, as bushes, in order to rouse game: to thrash: to overcome. — 7/.t. to give strokes repeatedly : to throb : to dash, as a. flood or storm :—/r./. beat'ing ; pa.t. beat; pa. p. beat'en. — n. a stroke: a stroke recurring at intervals, or its sound, as of a watch or the pulse : a round or course : a place of resort. — adj. weary: fatigued. [A.S. beatan, from root bat, imitative of the sound of a sharp blow ; hence Bat, Butt.] Beaten, bet'n, adj. made smooth or hard by beat- ing or treading : worn by use. Beater, bet'er, «. one that beats or strikes : a crushing instrument. [premely happy. Beatific, -al, be-a-tifik, -al, adj. making su- Beatification, be-at-i-fik-a'shun, n. act of beatify- ing : (A'. C. Church) a declaration by the pope that a person is blessed in heaven. Beatify, be-at'i-fl, v.t., to make b/essed or happy: to bless with eternal happiness in heaven. [L bcatiis, blessed, 3.\\Afacio, to make.] Beating, bet'ing, «. the act of striking : chastise- ment bv blows : regular pulsation or throbbing. Beatitude, be-at'i-tud, n. heavenly happiness, or happiness of the highest kind:—//, sayings of Christ in Matt, v., declaring the possessors of certain virtues to be blessed. [L. beatitudo — beatics, blessed.] Beau, bo, «., a fine, gay man, fond of dress: a lover:—//. Beaux \^Qz).—fe}H. Belle. [Fr. beau, bel — L. bellus, fine, gay, a contr. of bcnu- /us, dim. of befi/is, bonus, good.] Boau-ideal, bo-Id-e'al, n., ideal excellence, or an imaginary standard of perfection. Beau-monde, bo-mongd', ti. the gay or fashion- able world. [Fr. beajt, gay, s.ndLtnoude, world.] Beauteous, bu'te-us, ailj. full of beauty : fair : handsome.— (zafz/. Boau'teously. — «. Beau'te- ousness. Beailtifier, bu'ti-ft-er, «. one who or that which beautifies or makes beautiful. Beautiful, bu'ti-fool, adj. fair : beauteous. — adv. Beau'tifully. Beautify, bu'ti-fT, v.i. to make beautiful: to grace; to adorn. — v.i. to become beautiful, or more beautiful. [Beauty, and 'L./acio, to make.] Beauty, bu'ti, n. a pleasing assemblage of quali- ties in a person or object : a particular grace or excellence : a beautiful person. [Fr. beauts, from beau.] [the face to heighten beauty. Beauty-spot, bu'ti-spot, «. a spot or patch put on Beaver, bev'er, «. an amphibious quadruped valu- able for its fur : the fur of the beaver : a hat made of the beaver's fur: a hat. [A.S. be/er; Dan. baever, Ger. biber, Gael, beabhar, Ij. fiber.} Beaver, bev'er, «. that part of a helmet which covers the face. [So called from a fancied like- ness to a child's bib, Fr. baviere, from bave, slaver.] [quiet. Becalm, be-kam', v.t. to make calm, still, or Became, be-kam', /«./. of Become. Beef-eater Because, be-kawz', conj. for the reason that : on .account of: for. [A.S. be, by, and Cause.] Beck, bek, n. a brook. [Ice. bekkr ; Ger. bach:\ Beck, bek, n. a sign with the finger or head : a nod.— z'./. to make such a sign. [A contr. of Beckon.] Beckon, bek'n, v,t. to nod or make a sign to. [A. S. beacnian — beacen, a sign. See Beacon.] Becloud, be-klov/d', 7'./. to obscure by clouds. Become, be-kum', v.i. to pass from one state to another: to come to be: (fol. by of) to be the fate or end of — v.t. to suit or befit: — pa.t. became' ; /«./. become'. [A. S. becuinan — pfx. be, and Come.] [—adv. Becom'ingly. Becoming, be-kum'ing, adj. suitable to : graceful. Bed, bed, n. a couch or place to sleep on : a plot in a garden : a place in which anything rests : the channel of a river : [geol.) a layer or stratum. — v.t. to place in bed: to .sow or plant: to lay in layers : — ■/''./. bedd'ing ; fia.p. bedd'ed. — ns. Bed'chamb'er, Bedd'ing. [A.S. Md; Ice. bedr, Ger. belt.] [any thick and dirty matter. Bedaub, be-dawb', vt. to daub over or smear with Bedchair, bed'char, n. a chair with a movable back to support a sick person as in bed. Bedeck, be-dek', v.t. to deck or ornament. Bedevil, be-dev'il, v.t. to throw into disorder and confusion, as if by the devil. Bedew, be-du', v.t. to moisten gently, as with dew. Bedfellow, bed'fel'o, n. a sharer of the same bed. Bedlght, be-dit', adj. adorned. [Pfx. be, and Dlght.] Bedim, be-dim', v.t. to make dim or dark. Bedizen, be-diz'n, v.t. to dress gruidily. Bedlam, bed'lam, «. an asylum for lunatics : a madhouse : a place of uproar. — adj. fit for a madhouse. [Corrupted from Bethlehem, the name of a monastery in London, afterwards con- verted into a madhouse.] Bedlamite, bed lam-It, «. a madman. Bedouin, bed'oo-in, n. the name given to those Arabs who live in tents and lead a nomadic life. [Fr.— Ar. badawiy, dwellers in the desert.] Bedrench, be-drensh', v.i. to drench or wet thor- oughly, [age or sickness. Bedrid, -den, bed'rid, -dn, adj. confined to bed by Bedroom, bed'rOom, n. a room in which there is a bed : a sleeping apartment. [bed. Bedstead, bed'sted, «. a frame for supporting :i Bedtlck, bed'tik, «. the tick or cover in which feathers, &c. are put for bedding. Bee, be, «. a four-winged insect that makes honey. — «. Eee-llne, the most direct ro.ad from one point to another, like the honey-laden bee's way home to the hive. [A.S. beo : Ger. biene.] Bee, be, «. (in Amer.) a social gathering where some work is done in common. Beech, bech, «. a common forest tree with smooth silvery-looking bark, and producing nuts, once ealen by man, now only by pigs. — adj. Beech'eu. [A. .S. btce, boc ; Ger. buche, Lat. fiagus, Gr. phegos — from root oi phage, to eat.] Bee-eater, be'-et'er, «. a bird allied to the king- fisher, which feeds on bees. Beef, bef, n. the flesh of an ox or cow : — pi. Beeves, used in orig. sense, o.xen. — adj. con. sisting of beef. [Fr. boeuf, It. bove — L. bos^ bovis; cf. Gr. bor4s, Gael, bo. Sans, go, A.S. cu.^ Beef-eater, bef'-et'er, n. a popular name for a yeoman of the sovereign's guard, also of the warders of the Tower of London. [The obvious ety. is the right one, there being no such form as buffetier, as often stated. Cf. A.S. hlaf-aeta, lit. 'loaf-eater,' a menial servant.] fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mdtc ; mute ; mOOn ; Meu. 37 BedfsteaK Beefsteak, bCfstak, n. a steak or slice of beef for broilinK- [wits: stupid. Beef-witted, bef-wit'ed, adj. dull or heavy in Beehive, be'hiv, «. a case for bees to live in. Been, ben, pa.p. of Be. Beer, ber, «. a liquor made by fermentation from malted barley and hops. fA.S. bear; hi. litre, Ger. bier; prob. from root of Ferment.] Beery, ber'i, adj. of or affected by beer. Beestings, best'ingz. See Biestings. Beeswax, bez'waks, «. the wax collected by bees, and used by them in constructing their cells. Beet, bet, n. a plant with a carrot-shaped root, eaten as food, from which sugar is extracted. [A.S. bete, Ger. beete, Fr. bette—'L. beta.] Beetle, be'tl, «. an insect with hard cases for its wings. [A.S. bitel — bitan, to bite.] Beetle, be'tl, n. a heavy wooden mallet used to beat with. — v.i. to jut or hang out like the head of a beetle or mallet [A. S. bitl, by til, a mallet — heatan, to beat.] [ing or prominent brow. Beetle-browed, be'tl-browd, adj. with overhang- Beetroot, bet' root, n. the root of the beet plant. Beeves, bevz, 7t.pl. cattle, oxen. [See Beef] Befall, be-fawl', v.t. to fall upon or happen to: to betide. — v.i. to happen or come to pass :—/n/. befall'ing; /^./. befell'; / 6 . /- •Z'. Belief, be-leP, n. persuasion of the truth of any- thing : faith : the opinion or doctrine believed Believable, be-lev'a-bl, adj. that may be believed. Believe, be-lev', v.t. to regard as true : to trust m — v.i. to be firmly persuaded of anything: to exercise laith: to think or suppose. -^^j. Be- lieVmgly [With prefix be- Z ge-, from AS. gely/an. For root of ly/a>t, see Leave, «.] 38 fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; mOSn ; th^n. Believer Believer, be-lev'4r, «. one who believes: a pro- fessor of Christianity. Belike, be-llk', adv. probably: perhaps. [A.S. pfx. be, and Like.] Bell, bel, «. a hollow vessel of metal with a tongue or clapper inside, which rings when moved : anything bell-shaped. — Bear the bell, to be first or superior, in allusion to the bell-wether of a flock, or to the leading horse of a team wear- ing bells on his collar. [A. S. bella, a bell — bellan, to sound loudly.] Belladonna, bel-a-don'a, n. the plant Deadly Nightshade, used in small doses as a medicine. [It. bella-donna, fair lady, from its use as a cosmetic] BeUe, bel, «., a fine or handsome young lady: a beauty. [Fr., fern, of Beau.] Belles-lettres, bel-let'r, «. the department of literature, such as poetry and romance, of which the chief aim is to please by its beauty. [Fr. bel/e, fine, kttres, learning — lettre, L. litera, a letter.] [puts up bells. Bell-hanger, bel'-hang'er, n. one who hangs or BelllCOSO, bel'ik-os, adj. contentious. [L. belli- cosiis — helium, war.] Bellied, bel'id, adj. swelled out, or prominent, like the belly — used generally in composition. Belligerent, bel-i'jer-ent, adj., carrying on war. — n. a nation engaged in war. [L. belligero, to carry on war — bellutn, war, gero, to carry. See Duel, Jest.] Bellman, bel man, n. a town-crier, who rings a bell when giving notice of anything. Bellow, bel'o, v.i. to low : to make a loud resound- ing noise. — n. a roaring. [From root of Bell.] BoUoWS, bel'Oz or bel'us, n. an instrument to blow with. [A.S. bo'ltg, a bag; Gael, balg; conn, with Belly, Bag.] Bell-Shaped, bel'-shapt, adj. shaped like a bell. Bell-wether, bel'-we/A'er, n. a wether or sheep which leads the flocks with a bell on his neck. Belly, bel'i, n. the part of the body between the breast and the thighs. — v.t. to swell out ; to fill. — z'.i. to swell: — J>r.p. bell'ying ; /a.^. bell'ied. [From root of Bag.] Belly-band, bel'i-band, n. a band that goes round the belly of a horse to secure the saddle. Bellyful, bel'i-fool, n. as much as fills the belly, a sufficiency. Belong, be-long', v.i. to be one's property : to be a part: to pertain: to have residence. [A.S. langian, to long after ; cf. Dut. bclangen.'] Belonging, be-long'ing, ft. that which belongs to one— used generally in the plural. Beloved, be-luvd', adj. much loved : very dear. Below, be-lo', j>rej>. beneath in place or rank : not worthy of. — adv. in a lower place : (fig.) on earth or in hell, as opposed to heaven. [Be, and Low.] Belt, belt, «. 3. girdle or band: igeog.) a strait.— v.t to surround with a belt : to encircle. — adj. Belt'ed. [A S. beli ; Ice. belli, Gael, bait, L. balteiis, a belt] Belvedere, bel've-der, n. [in Italy") a pavilion or look-out on the top of a building. [It.— -bello, beautiful, X'ederc, to see — L. bellus and videre.] Bemoan, be-mOn', v.t. to moan at : to lament. Bench, bensh, «. a long seat or form : a me- chanic's work-table : a judge's seat : the body or assembly of judges. — v.t. to place on or furnish with benches. [A. S. bene ; cog. with Ger. bank, and conn, with E. Bank, a ridge of earth.] Bencher, bensh'er, «. a senior member of an inn of court. Bent Bond, bend, v.i. to curve or bow : make crooked ; to turn or incline : to subdue. — zi.i. to be crooked or curved : to lean : to bow in submis- sion ■.—/a.p. bend'ed or bent. — «. a curve or crook. [A.S. bendan, to bend, from Band, a string; a bow was 'beat' by tightening the band or string.] Beneath, be-neth', prep, under, or lower in place : unbecoming. — adv. in a lower place : below. [A.S. pfx. be, and neothan, beneath. See Nether.] Benedick, ben'e-dik, Benedict, ben'e-dikt, n. a newly-married man : also, a bachelor. [From Benedick, a character in Shakespeare's Much Ado About Nothing, who begins as a confirmed bachelor and ends by marrying Beatrice.] Benedictine, ben-e-dikt'in, n. one of an order of monks named after St Benedict, called also Black Friars from the colour of their dress. Benediction, beti-e-dik'shun, n. a blessing : the solemn act of imploring the blessing of God. [L. benedictio — bene, well, dico, dictum, to say.] Benedictory, ben-e-dikt'or-i, adj. declaring a benediction : expressing wishes for good. Benefaction, ben-e-fak'shun, n. the act of doitig good: a good deed done or benefit conferred. [L. bene/actio. See Benefice.] Benefactor, ben-e-fak'tor, n. one who confers a benefit.— y^OT. Beuefac'^ress. Benefice, ben'e-fis, «. an ecclesiastical living. [Fr. — L. beneficium, a. kindness — benefacere, to benefit — bene, well, fiacio, to do. In Low L. beneficium meant a gift of an estate.] Beneficed, ben'e-fist, adj. having a benefice. Beneficence, be-nef'i-sens, «. active goodness: kindness : charity. Beneficent, be-nefi-sent, adj., doing good : kind: charitable. — adv. Beneficently. Beneficial, ben-e-fish'al, adj., doing good: M^a.p. besought (be-sawt'). —adv. Beseech'ingly. [A. S. be, and secan, to seek.] [Pfx. ^c, and Seem J Beseem, be-sem', v.t. to be seemly or fit for. Beset, be-set', zi.t. to surround or inclose: to waylay: to perplex :—/r./. besett'ing; />a.i. and/«./. beset'. [A.S. bi-seiia>i, to suriovmA.] Besetting, be-set'ing, adj. confirmed : habitual. Beside, be-sid', pref>., by the sideoi: over and above : distinct from. — Beside one's self, out of one's wits or reason. [A.S. be, by, and Side] Beside, be-sTd', Besides, be-sldz', adv. moreover : in addition to. Besiege, be-sej', v.t. to lay siege to : to beset with armed forces : to throng round. — n. Be- sieger, be-sej'er. \_Be, and SiegO.] Besmear, be-smer', v.t. to smear over or daub. Besom, be'zum, n. an implement for sweeping. [A.S. besem, besma.\ Besot, be-sot*, v.t. to make sottish, dull, or stupid: — •/''•/• besott'ing ; pa.p. besott'ed. Besought, be-sawt', /i, to happen. See Tide.] Betimes, be-timz', adv. in good time : seasonably. [Pfx. be, and Time.] Betoken, be-tO'kn, v.t. to .shew by a sign: to foreshew. [A.S. getacttian. See Token.] Betook, \,e.-i.ooV.', pa.t. of Betake. Betray, be-tra', v. t. to give up treacherously : to disclose in breach of trust : to discover or shew. [Pfx. be, and Fr. trakir. It. tradire—\., tradere, to deliver up.] Betrayal, be-tra'al, «. act of betraying. Betrayer, be-tra'er, n. a traitor. Betroth, be-troth', v.t. to contract or promise in order to marriage : to affiance. [^Be, and Troth or Truth.] Betrothal, be-troth'al, Betrothment, be-troth'- ment, «. an agreement or contract with a view to marriage. Better, bet'er, adj. (serves as comp. of GrOOd) good in a greater degree : preferable : improved. —adv. (comp. of Well) well in a greater degree : more fully or completely : with greater advant- age : — ■//. superiors. — v.t. to make better, to improve: to benefit. [A.S. bet (adv.), betera, better, Goth, batiza, Ger. besser ; root bat, good ; it is in all the Teutonic lang. See Boot.] Better, bet'er, n. one who bets. Between, be-twen'. Betwixt, be-twikst', prefi. in the middle of twain or two: in the middle or intermediate space : from one to ."mother. [A.S. betweonan, betweox, betwuxt — be, and twegen, twa, two, twain.] Bevel, bev'el, «. a slant or inclination of a surface : an instrument opening like a pair of compasses (or measuring angles. — adj. having the form of a bevel : slanting. — v.t. to form with a bevel or slant -.—pr.p. bev'elling ; pa.p. bev'elled. — Bevel- gear (mech.), wheels working on each other in different planes, the cogs of the wheels being bevelled or at oblique angles to the shafts. [Fr. biveaji, an instrument for measuring angles.] Beverage, bev'er-aj, «., drink: any agreeable liquor for drinking. [O. Fr. ; IL beveraggio — bevere — L. bibere, to drink.] Bevy, bev'i, n. a brood or flock of birds, especially of quails : a company, esp. of ladies. [It. beva, a drink, a comp.iny for drinking.] Bewail, be-wal', v.t. to lament. [See Wail.] 10 fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mdte ; mute ; mSon ; tkeia. Beware Bewaro, Ije-war', 7>.i. to be on one's guard : to be suspicious of danger : to take care. [The two words I'e ivitre run together. See Wary.] Bewilder, be-wil'der, v.t. to perplex or lead astray.— «. Bewilderment. [Be, and prov. E. •unUicrn, a wilderness. ] Bewitch, be-wich', v.t. to affect by witchcraft : to fascinate or charm. [See Witch.] Bewtchery.be-wich'iir-i, Bewitchment, be-wich'- meiit, 71. fascination. Bewitching, be-wich'ing, adj. charming : fas- cinating. — adv. Bewitch'ingly. Bewray, be-ra', v.t. {B.), to accuse: to point out : to betray. [A.S. pfx. be, and wregmt, to accuse.] Bey, ba, n. a Turkish govertwr of a town or pro- vince. [Turk, beg, pronounced bd, a governor.] Beyond, be-yond', prep, on the farther side of: farther onward than: out of reach of. [A.S. be-geond — pfx. be, and geond, across, beyond. See Yon, Yonder.] Bezel, bcz'l, «. the part of a ring in which the stone is set. [O. Fr. bisel, Fr. biseatt ; of un- certain origin.] Bhang, bang, n. Same as Bang, Bangue. Bias, bl'as, «. a weight on one side of a bowl (in the game of bowling), making it stope or turn to one side : a slant or leaning to one side : an inclination of the mind, prejudice. — v.t. to cause' to turn to one side : to prejudice or prepossess ; j pp. bi'ased or bi'assed. [Fr. b:ais ; prob. L. bifax, two-faced — bis, tvi\ce,Jacies, the face.] Bib, bib, «. a cloth put under an infant's chin. [M. E. bibben, to imbibe, to tipple, because the cloth imbibes moisture — L. bibere, to drink.] Bih, bib, «. a fish of the same genus as the cod and haddock, also called the Pout. Bibber, bib'er, n. a tippler: chiefly used in com- position, as {B.) wine-bibber. [L. bibo, to drink.] Bible, bl'bl, «. the sacred writings of the Christian Church, consisting of the Old and New Testa- ments. [Fr. — L. and Gr. biblia, pi. of Gr. bibliofi, a little book, biblos, a book, from byblos, the papyrus, of which paper was made.] Biblical, bib'lik-al, adj. of or relatmg to the Bible : scriptural.— fli/z/. Biblically. Blblicist, bib'iis-ist, «. one versed in biblical learning. Bibliographer, bib-li-og'raf-er, n. one versed in bibliography or the history of books. — adj, Bibliograph'ia Bibliography, bib-li-og'raf-i, n., tJie description or knowledge of books, in regard to their authors, subjects, editions, and history. [Gr. biblion, a \iOoV, grapho. to write, describe] Bibliolatry, bib-li-ol'at-ri, «. superstitious rever- ence for the Bible. [Gr. bibhon, a book, iatreia, worship.] Bibliology, bib-li-ol'oj-i, n. an account of books : biblical literature, or theology. [Gr. biblio?i, a book, logos, discourse.] Bibliomania, bib-li-o-man'i-a, «. a mania for pos- sessing rare and curious books. [Gr. biblion, a book, and Mania.] Bibliomaniac, bib-li-o-man^-ak, «. one who has a mania for possessing rare and curious books. Bibliopole, bib'li-o-pol, Bibliopolist, bib-li-op'ol- ist, «. a bookseller. [Gr. biblion, a book, poled, to sell.] Bibulous, bib'u-lus, adj., drinking or sucking in : spongy. [L. bibuhts — bibo, to drink.] Bicarbonate, bl-kar'bon-at, n. a carbonate or salt having two equivalents of carbonic acid to one equivalent of base. [L. bi- (ior dvi-, horndtto, two), twice, and Carbonate.] Bljoutry Bice, bis, n. a pale blue or green paint. [Fr. bis, bise : orig. unknown.] Bleeps, bl'seps, «. the muscle in front of the arm between the shoulder and elbow. [L. biceps, two-headed — bis, twice, and caput, head.] Bicipital, bT-sip'it-al, adj. [anat.), /laving two heads or origins. [See Bicops.] Bicker, bik'er, v.i. to contend in a petty way: to quiver : to move quickly and tremulously, as running water. [Ace. to Skcat, bicker — pick-er, or peck-er, to peck repeatedly with the beak.] Bicycle, bl'sikl, «. a velocipede with two wheels, arranged one before the other. [L. bis, twice, and Gr. kyklos, a circle.] Bid, bid, v.t., to offer: to propose: to proclaim : to invite: to command: — pr.p. bidd'ing ; pa.t. bid or bade ; pa.p. bid, bidd'en.— «. an offer of a price. [A.S. beodan ; Goth, bjudan, Ger. bieten, to offer.] Bid, bid, v.t., to ask for: to pray (nearly obs.). [A.S. bidda7i, Goth, bidjan; the connection with Bid, to command, is dub. See Bead.] Bidder, bid'er, «. one who bids or offers a price. Bidding, bid'ing, «. offer : invitation : command. Bide, bid, v.t. and v.i. Same as Abide, to wait for. [A.S. bidafi, Goth. beidan.'\ Biennial, bl-en'yal, adj. lasting two years : hap- pening once in two years. — «. a plant that lasts two years. — adv. Bienn'ially. [L. biennalis — bis, twice, and attnus, a year.] Bier, ber, }i. a carriage or frame of wood for bearing the dead to the grave. [A.S. beer; Ger. bahre, h./er-etntm. From root of Bear, v.] BiestingS, best'ingz, 7t. the first milk from a cow after calving. [A.S. bysti7ig ; Ger. biest-77tilck.] Bifacial, bl-fa'shyal, adj. having two like faces or opposite surfaces. [L. bis, twice, ,nnd Facial.] BiflU'cated, bi-furk'at-ed, adj., two forked: hav- ing two prongs or branches. [L. bifurcus — bis, twice, furca, a fork.] Bifurcation, bl-furk-a'shun, 71. a forking or divi- sion into two branches. Big, big, adj. large or great : pregnant : great in air, mien, or spirit. [M. E. bigg, Scot, bigly, prob. from Ice. byggi-ligr, habitable — byggja, to settle, conn, with bua, to dwell. From ' habitable ' it came to mean ' spacious,' ' large.'] Bigamist, big^am-ist, n. one who has committed biga:iiy« Bigamy, big'am-i, «. the crime of having two wives or two husbands at once. [Fr. — L. bis, twice, and Gr. ga7/ios, marriaye ] Biggin, big'in, «. a child's cap or hood. [Fr. begui7i, trom the cap worn by the Beguincs, a religious society of women in France.] Bight, bit, 71., a be7id oi the shore, or small bay: a bend or coil of a rope. [Cf. Dan. and Swed. bugt, Dut. 1^1?.^;', from root of Goth. bii!ga7i, A. S. beogan, Ger. biege7t, to bend, E. bow.] Bigness, big'nes, 71. bulk, size. Bigot, big'ot, «. one blindly and obstinately de- voted to a particular creed or party. [Fr. ; variously derived from the oath By God, used, ace. to the tale, by the Norman Rollo, and then a nickname of the Normans ; Beguine, a religious society of women ; Visigoth, a Western Goth ; and Sp. bigote, a moustache.] Bigoted, big'ot-ed, adj. having the qualities of a bigot. [especially in religious matters. Bigotry, big'ot-ri, 71. blind or excessive zeal. Bijou, be-zhoo', «. a trinket: a jewel : a little box :— //. Bijoux, be-zhoo'. [Fr.] Bljoutry, be-zhoo'tri, «. jewelry : small articles of virtu. fate, far ; me, her ; mine : mOte ; mute ; mSDu ; thax. 41 Bilateral Bilateral, bl-Iat'dr-al. . bound. [A. S. bindan ; cog. with Ger. binden. Sans. bandh. Cf. Band, Bend, and Bundle.] Binder, blnd'er, n. one who binds, as books or sheaves. Binding, bind'ing, adj. restraining: obligatory. — «. the act of binding : anything that binds : the covering of a book. , Bindweed, bind' wed, n. the convolvulus, a genus of plants so called from their twining or binding. Binnacle, bin'a-kl, n. (natit. ) the box in which on shipboard the compass is kept. [Formerly bit- tacle — Port, bitacola — L. habitaculunt, a dwell- ing-place — habito, to dwell.] Binocular,' bin-ok'ul-ar, adj. having two eyes : suitable for two eyes. [L. bis, and oculus, eye.] Binomial, bl-nom'i-al, adj. and n. in algebra, a quantity consisting of two tenns or parts. [L. bis, twice, and nomen, a name, a term.] Biography, bt-og'raf-i, «., a written account or history of the life of an individual : the art of writing such accounts.— «. Biog'rapher, one who writes biography, —adjs. Biographic, Bio- graphical.— ai/z/. Biographlcally. LGr. bios, life, grapho, to write.] Biology, bl-ol'oj-i, n. the science that treats of life or of organised beings. — adj. Biolog'ical. [Gr. bios, life, logos, a discourse.] Bipartite, bi'part-It or bl-part'it, adj., divided into two like parts. [L. bis, twice, partitus, divided— /a?-/z'i?, to divide.] Biped, bl'ped, n. an animal with two feet. — adj. having two feet. [L. bipes—bis, twice, ped-, foot.] Blpennate, bi-pen'at, Bipennated, bt-pen'at-ed, adj. , having two wings. [L.—bis, penna, a wing. ] Biquadratic, bl-kwod-rat'ik, «. a quantity tivici sqitared, or raised to the fourth power. [L. bis, twice, and quadratus, squared.] Birch, berch, «. a hardy forest-tree, with smooth, white bark, and very durable wood: a rod for punishment, consisting of a birch twig or twigs. [A.S. birce : Ice. biork. Sans, bhurja.'] Birch, -en, berch, -'en, adj. made of birch. Blrd,berd, ?/. a general name for feathered animals. — v.i. to catch or snare birds. [A.S. brid, the young of a bird, a bird : either from root of Breed (bredan, to breed) or of Birth [beran, to bear).] Bird-fancier, berd'-fan'si-er, «. one who has a fancy for rearing birds : one who keeps birds for sale. [for catching birds. Birdlime, berd'llm, n. a sticky substance used Bird-of-Paradise, berd-ov-par'a-dls, n. a kind of E.tstern bird with splendid plumage. Blrd'3-eye, b6rdz'-i, adj. seen from above as if by the eye of a Hying bird. — «. a kind of tobacco. 42 fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mSte ; mute ; m5Sn ; /Aen. Bireme Blreme, bl'rem, «. an ancient vessel with two rows oi oars. [Fr. — L. bire-mis~bis, twice, and remits, an oar.] Blrk, berk, n. Scotch and prov. E. for Birch. Birth, berth, n. a ship's station at anchor. [Same as Berth.] Birth, berth, n. the act of bearing or bringing forth : the offspring born : dignity of family : origin. [A.S. beorth, a birth — beran, to bear.] Birthright, berth'rlt, n. the right or privilege to which one is entitled by birth. Biscuit, bis'kit, n. hard dry bread in small cakes : a kind of unglazed earthenware. \_\Lit.) bread twice cooked or baked (so prepared by the Roman soldiers) ; Fr. — L. bis, twice ; Fr. ciiit, baked — L. coquo, coctiim, to cook or bake.] Bisect, bl-sekt', v.t., to cut into two equal parts. [L. bis, twice, and seco, section, to cut.] Bisection, bl-sek'shun, n. division into two equal parts. Bisexual, bl-sek'shoS-al, adj., of both sexes : {bot.) applied to flowers which contain both stamens and pistils within the same envelope. [L. bis, twice, and Sexual.] Bishop, bish'op, n. one of the higher clergy who has charge of a diocese. [A.S. bisceop — L. epis- coptis — Gr. episkopos, an overseer — epi, upon, skopeo, to view.] Bishopric, bish'op-rik, n. the office and jurisdic- tion of a bishop : a diocese. [A.S. ric, dominion.] Bismuth, biz'muth, 71. a brittle metal of a reddish- white colour used in the arts and in medicine. [Ger. bismuth, wissmuth ; orig. unk,] Bison, bl'son, «. a large wild animal like the bull, with shaggy hair and a fatty hump on its shoulders. [From L. and Gr. ; but prob. of Teutonic origin.] Bisque, bisk, «. a species of unglazed porcelain, twice passed through the furnace, [Fr., from root of Biscuit.] Bissextile, bis-sext'il, «. leap-year. — adj. per- taining to leap-year. [L. bis, twice, and sextiis, sixth, so called because in every fourth or leap year the sixth day before the calends of March, or the 24th February, was reckoned tivice.] Bister, Bistre, bis'ter. «. a brown colouT made from the soot of wood. [Fr.; orig. unknown.] BiSUlphate, bT-sul'fat, «. , a double sulphate. [L. his, twice, and Sulphate.] Bit, bit, n. a bite, a morsel : a small piece : the smallest degree : a small tool for boring : the part of the bridle which the horse holds in his mouth. — v.t. to put the bit in the mouth: — pr.p. bitt'ing ; pa.p. bitt'ed. [From Bite.] Bitch, bich, n. the female of the dog, wolf, and fox. [A.S. bicce. Ice. bikkia.'] _ Bite, bit, v.t. to seize or tear with the teeth : to sting or pain : to wound by reproach -.—pa-t. bit ; pa.p. bit or bitt'en. — n. a grasp by the teeth: something bitten off: a mouthful. — n. Bit'ing.— «(//■. Bit'ing. [A.S. bitan : Goth. beitan. Ice. bita, Ger. beissen; akin to X^.Jid-, Sans, bhid, to cleave.] Bitter, bit'er, adj., biting or acrid to the taste : sharp : painful. — «. any substance having a bitter taste.— «, twice, J'/i/z'a, a valve.] Bivouac, biv'00-ak, n. the lying out all night of soldiers in the open air.— r.z. to pass the night in the open air :— /r./-. biv'ouacking ; pa.p. biv'ouacked. [Fr.— Ger. beiwachen, to watch beside— te', by, wachen, to watch.] Bi-weekly, bl'-wek'li, adj. properly, occurring once in two weeks, but usually twice in every week. [L. bis, twice, and Week.] Bizarre, bi-zar', adj. odd : fantastic ; extravagant. [Fr.— Sp. bizarro, high-spirited.] Blab, blab, v.i. to talk much : to tell tales.— z/.^. to tell what ought to be kept secret :—/>-.^ blabb'ing ; pa.p. blabbed. [An imitative word, found in Dan. hlahbre, Ger. plappem.] Black, blak, adj. of the darkest colour : without colour : obscure : dismal : sullen : horrible. — «. black colour : absence of colour : a negro : mourning. — z'.t. to make black: to soil or si3.in.— adj. Black'ish.— m. Black'ness. [A.S. blac, blcEC, black.] [negro. Blackamoor, blak'a-mSSr, n., a black Moor: a Black-art, blak'-art, n. necromancy : magic. [Ace. to Trench, a translation of the Low L. nigromantia, substituted erroneously for the Gr. necroinanteia (see Necromancy), as if the first syllable had been L. niger, black.] Blackball, blak'bawl, v.t. to reject in voting by putting a black ball into a ballot-box. Blackberry, blak'ber-i, n. the berry of the bramble. [black colour. Blackbird, blak'berd, n. a species of thrush of a Blackboard, blakT^Ordi «. a board painted black, used in schools for writing, forming figure^, &c. Black-cattle, blak'-kat'l, n. oxen, bulls, and cows. Blackcock, blak'kok, n. a species of grouse, common in the north of England and in Scotland. Black-currant, blak'-kur'ant, n. a garden shrub with black fruit used in making preserves. Black-death, blak'-deth, n. a name given to the plague of the fourteenth century from the black spots which appeared on the skin. Blacken, blak'n, v.t. to make black : to defame. Black-flag, blak'-flag, n. the flag of a pirate, from its colour. Blackf riar, blak'fri-ar, n. a friar of the Dominican order, so called from his black garments. Blackguard, blag'ard, n. (orig. applied to the lowest menials about a court, who took charge of the pots, kettles, ^c. ) a low, ill-conducted fellow. — adj. low: scurrilous. — n. Black'guard- ism. [ing leather, &c. Blacking, blak'ing, n. a substance used for black- Blacklead, blak-led', «. a black mineral used in making pencils, blacking grates, &c. Blackleg, blak'leg, «. a low gambling fellow. Black-letter, blak'-let'er, n. the old English (also called Gothic) letter (3Blacfe=lcttf t). Blackmail, blak'mal, «. rent or tribute formerly paid to robbers for protection. [Black and A.S. nial, tribute, toll.] Black-rod, blak'-rod, n. the usher of the order of the Garter and of parliament, so called from the black rod which he carries. Blacksmith, blak'smith, 71. a smith who works in iron, as opposed to one who works in tin. Blackthorn, blak'thom, «. a species of dark- coloured thorn : the sloe. fate, far ; mS, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; mOSn ; thxxi. 43 Bladder Bladder, blad'cr, «. a thin bag distended with liquid or air : the receptacle for the urine. [A. S. I'liedr — blmvati ; t). Gcr. blnhan, hlujan, to blow ; Ger. blast-, bladder — blaseit, to blow ; cf. 'L.jJai-us, breath.] Blade, blad, n. the leaf or flat part of grass or corn : the cuiting part of a knife, sword, &c. : the flat part of an oar : a d.ashing fellow. [A. S. bite,/ ; Ice. bla.i, Ger. b/. bled. [A.S. bledan. See Blood.] Bleeding, bled'ing, n. a discharge of blood : the operation of letting blood. Blemish, blem'ish, n. a stain or defect : reproach. — v.t. to mark with any deformity: to tarnish: to defame. [Fr. bleine, pale, O. Yr.blesinir, to stain — Ice. blaman, livid colour — hldr. Blue.] Blench, blensh, v.i. to shrink or start back : to flinch. [From root of Blink.] Blend, blend, v.t., to mix together : to confound. — v.i. to be mingled or mixed: — pa.p. blend'ed and blent. — n. Blend, a mixture. [A.S. blandan.] Bless, bles, v.t. to invoke a blessmg upon : to make joyous, happy, or prosperous : to wish happiness to : to praise or glorify :—/«./. blessed' or blest. [A.S. blessian, bletsian, to bless; {rom blith-sian or b/issian, to be blithe — blithe, happy; or from blotan, to kill for sacrifice, to consecrate.] Blessed, bles'ed, adj. happy : prosperous : happy in heaven.— aijfz/-Bless'edly.—«. Bless'edness. Blessing, bles'ing, «. a wish or prayer for happi- ness or success : any means or cause of happi- ness. Blest, blest, pa.p. of Bless. Blew, bloo,/rt./. of Blow. Blight, bllt, «. a disease in plants, which blasts cr withers them : anything that injures or destroys. — v.t. to affect with blight: to blast: to frustrate. [Perh. from A.S. bltsc, pale, livid.] Blind, blind, adj. without sight : dark : ignorant or undisceming : without an opening. — «. some- thing to mislead : a window-screen : a shade. — 4f fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; moon ; thssu Blindfold Bluebook v.t. to malce blind : to darken, obscure, or deceive: to dazzle.— rt(?'z'. Blindly.— «. Blind'- ness. [A.S. blind; Ice. bliudi:] Blindfold, bllnd'fold, adj. having the eyes band- aged, so as not to see : thoughtless : reckless. — v.t. to cover the eyes: to mislead. [M. E. i'lind/elien, horn. h.'Si. fyllan, /cllan, to fell or strike down — ' struck blind ; ' not conn. \\\\.)\/old.\ Blindworm, bllnd'wurm, n. a small reptile, like a snake, having eyes so small as to be supposed blind. Blink, blingk, v.i. to glance, twinkle, or wink : to see obscurely, or with the eyes half closed. — v.t. to shut out of sight : to avoid or evade. — «. a glimpse, glance, or wink. [A.S. blican, to glitter ; DuL blinken.] [bad eyes. Blinkard, blingk'ard, n. one who blinks or has Blinkers, blingk'erz, «. pieces of leather on a horse's bridle which prevent him seeing on the side. Bliss, blis, n. the highest happiness. [A.S. blis— biitlisian, blissian, to rejoice — blithe, joyful.] Blissful, blis'fool, adj. happy in the highest degree.— rt^i'z'. Bliss'fully.— «. BUss'fulness. BUster, blis'ter, 71. a thin bubble or bladder on the skin, containing watery matter : a pustule : a plaster applied to raise a blister. — v.t. to raise a blister. [Dim. of Blast.] Bllstery, blis'ter-i, adj. full of blisters. Blithe, bllM, adj. happy : gay : sprightly. — adv. Blithely.— «. Blithe'ness. [A.S. /;/zV//^, joyful. See Bliss.] [somely.— «. Blithe'someness. Blithesome, bli/A'sum, adj. joyous. — adv. Blithe- Bloat, blot, v.t. to swell or pufTout: to dry by smoke (applied to fish). — v.i. to swell or dilate: to grow turgid. — p.adj. Bloat'ed. [Scan., as in Sw. biota, to soak, to steep — blot, soft.] Bloater, blOt'er, n. a herring partially dried in smoke. Block, blok, n. an unshaped mass of wood or stone, &c. : the wood on which criminals are beheaded: [mech.) a pulley together with its framework : a piece of wood on which some- thing is formed : a connected group of houses : an obstruction : a blockhead. — v.t. to inclose or shut up : to obstruct : to shape. [Widely spread, but ace. to Skeat, of Celt, orig., Gael, ploc, O. Ir. blog, a fragment. See Plug.] Blockade, blok-ad', «. the blocking up of a place by surrounding it with troops or by ships.— z/.i^. to block up by troops or ships. Blockhead, blok'hed, «. one with a head like a block, a stupid fellow. Blockhouse, blok'hows, n. a small temporary fort generally made of logs. Blockish, blok'ish, adj. like a block : stupid : dull. Block-tin, blok'-tin, «. tin in the form of blocks or ingots. Blonde, blond, «. a person of Jair complexion with light hair and blue eyes : — opp. to Brun- ette. — adj. of a fair complexion : fair. [Fr.] Blond-lace, blond'-las, «. lace made of silk, so called from its colour. Blood, bind, «. the red fluid in the arteries and veins of men and animals : kindred, descent : temperament: bloodshed or murder: the juice of anything, esp. if red.— In hot or Cold hlood, under, or free from, excitement or sudden pas- sion. — Half-blood, relationship through one parent only. [A. S. blod —root blo^uan, to bloom ; cog. with O. Fris. blod, Ger. blut.'\ Bloodheat, blud'het, «. heat of the same degree as that of the human blood (about 98* Fahr. ). BlOOdJhorse, blud'hors, n. a horse of the purest and most highly prized blood, origin, or stock. Bloodhound, blud'hownd, «. a large hound for- merly employed in tracking human beings : a blood-thirsty person. [slaughter. Bloodshed, blua'slied, n. the shedding of blood : Bloodshot, blud'shot, adj. (of the eye) red or inflamed with blood. [derous, cruel. Bloody, blud'i, adj. stained with blood : mur- Bloody-flux, blud'i-fluks, «. dysentery, in which the discharges from the bowels are mixed with blood. [panied with the discharge of blood. Bloody-sweat, blud'i-swet, «. a sweat accom- Bl00.m, bloom, v.i. to put forth blossoms: to flower : to be in a state of beauty or vigour : to flourish. — «. a blossom or flower : the opening of flowers : rosy colour : the prime or highest perfection of anything. ^;>.tf(/;'. Blooming. [Ice. bioin, Goth, hloma, from root of A.S. bloivan, to bloom, akin to \^.Jlo-reo, to flower.] Bloomy, blOom'i, adj. flowery : flourishing. Blossom, blos'om, «. a flower-bud, the flower that precedes fruit. — v.i. to put forth blossoms or flowers: to flourish and prosper. [A.S. blostma, from root of Bloom.] Blot, blot, ti. a spot or stain : an obliteration, as of something written : a stain in reputation. — v.t. to spot or stain: to obliterate or destroy : to disgrace '.—pr.p, blott'ing ; pa.p. blott'ed. [Scand., as in Dan. filet, Ice. blettr, a spot. Cf. Ger. platsch, a splash, and Ice. blaiitr, moist ; \j. fluid-us.'\ Blotch, bloch, n. a dark spot on the skin : a pustule. — adj. Blotched'. [Ace. to Skeat, blotch =: blatch, from black, as bleach from bleak.] Blotting-paper, blot'ing-pa'per, n. unsized paper, used for absorbing ink. Blouse, blowz, n. a loose outer garment. [Fr.] Blow, bio, }i. a stroke or knock : a sudden mis- fortune or calamity. [A.S. bleovan is doubtful ; found in Dut. blouwen, to dress (beat) flax, Ger. blauen, to beat hard, and L. Jlig- in iQflict, Flagellation. Derivative Blue.] Blow, bio, V. i. to bloom or blossom : — pr.fi. blow'ing ; pa.p. blown. [A.S. bldwan, Ger. bliihen. See BlOOm, BlOSSOm.] Blow, bio, v.i. to produce a current of air : to move, as air or the wind. — v.t. to drive air upon or into : to drive by a ' urrent of air : to sound as a wind instrument : — pa.t. blew (bloo) ; pa.p. blown. — Blow upon, to taint, to make stale. [A.S. blawan ; Ger. bldhen, blasen ; \j. flare.] Blowpipe, blo'pip, n. a pipe through which a current of air is blown on a flame, to increase its heat. [stale, worthless. Blown, blon, p.adj. out of breath, tired : swelled : Blowze, blowz, «. a ruddy, fat-faced woman. — adjs. Blowzed', Blowz'y, ruddy, or flushed with exercise. [From root of Blush.] Blubber, blub'er, n. the fat of whales and other sea animals. — zi.i. to weep in a noisy manner. [Blubber, Blabber, &c., are extensions of bleb, blob ; they contain the root idea of ' puffed-up,' and are formed in imitation of the sound of the bubbling or foaming of a liquid.] Bludgeon, blud'jun, «. a short stick with a heavy end to strike with. [From root of Block.] Blue, bloo, n. the colour of the sky when un- clouded : one of the seven jprimary colours. — «. bolster ; from root of Bowl. ] Bolt, bolt, «. a bar or pin used to fasten a door, &c. : an arrow: a thunderbolt. — v.t. to fasten with a bolt : to throw or utter precipitately : to swallow hastily. — v.i. to rush away (like a bolt from a bow). [A.S. and Dan. bolt, Ger. bolzeu ; from root of Bole, of a tree.] Bolt, bolt, v.i. to sift, to separate the bran from, as flour : to examine by sifting : to sift through coarse cloth. [O. Fr. bulter, or buleter = bure- ter, from bure — Low L. bjirra, a coarse reddish- brown cloth — Gr. pyrros, reddish^;>j'r=:: Fire.] Bolting-hutcll, laolt'ing-huch, «. a hutch or large box into which flour falls when it is bolted. Bolt-upright, bolt'-up-rit', adv. upright and straight as a bolt or arrow. Bolus, bo'lus, n. a rounded mass of anything : a large pill. [L. bolus, Gr. bolos, a lump.] Bomb, bum, n. a hollow shell of iron filled with gunpowder, and discharged from a mortar, so as to explode when it falls. [Fr. botnbe—'L. bornbus, Gr. bombos, a humming sound; an imitative word.] Bombard, bum-bard', v.t. to attack with bombs. — «. Bombard'ment.— «. Bombardier'. Bombasine, Bombazine, bum-ba-zen', «. a twilled fabric oi silk and worsted. [Fr. bombasin — Low L. boinbaciniwn — Gr. boinbyx, silk. See Bom- bast.] Bombast, bumTaast, n. [orig:), cotton or any soft material used for stuffing garments : inflated or high-sounding language. [Low L. bo7nbax, cotton — Gr. bombyx, silk.] [flated. Bombastic, bum-bast'ik, -adj. high-sounding : in- Bomb-proof, bum'-pro3f, adj. proof or secure against the force of bombs. Bomb-vessel, bum'-ves-el, «. a vessel for carrying the mortars used in bombarding from the sea. Bonbon, bong'bong, «. a sweetmeat. [Fr., 'very good' — bon, good.] Bond, bond, «. that which binds, a band : link of connection or union : a writing of obligation to pay a sum or to perform a contract : — -pi. im- prisonment, captivity. — adj. bound: in a state of servitude. — v.t. to put imported goods in the customs' warehouses till the duties on them are paid. [A.S. ; a variation of band — bindafi, to bind.] Bondage, bond'aj, «. state of being bound : cap- tivity: slavery. [O. Fr. — Low "L, bondagium, a kind of tenure. Ace. to Skeat, this is from A.S. bonda, a boor, a householder, from Ice. bondi = buaiidi, a tiller, a husbandman.] [duties. Bonded, bond'ed, p.adj. secured by bond, as Bonding, bond'ing, «. that arrangement by which goods remain in the customs' warehouses till the duties are paid. Bondman, bond'man, «. a man slave. — ns. Bond'- maid, Bond'woman. [surety. Bondsman, bondz'man, n. a bondman or slave : a Bone, bon, n. a hard substance forming the skeleton of an animal : a piece of the skeleton of an animal. — z'.t. to take the bones out of, as meat. [A.S. ban; Ger. bein, Goth, bain, bone, leg ; W. bon, a stem or stock.] Bone-ash, bon'-ash, n. the remains when bones are burned in an open furnace, i Bone-black, bon'-blak, «. the remains when bones are heated in a close vessel. Bone-dust, bon'-dust, n. ground or pulverised bones, used in agriculture. Bone-setter, bon'-set'er, «. one whose occupation is to set broken and dislocated bones. Bonfire, bon' fir, «. a large fire in the open air on occasions of public rejoicing, &c. [Orig. a fire in which bones were burnt.] Bon-mot, bong'-mo, n., a good or witty saying. [Fr. bon, good, tnof, word.] Bonne-bouohe, bon-boosh', «. a delicious mouth- ful. [Fr. bonne, good, bouche, mouth.] Bonnet, bon'et, n. a covering for the head worn by women : a ca.-p.— p. adj. Bonn'eted. [Fr. — Low L. bo7i7ieta, orig. the name of a stuff.] Bonny, bon'i, adj. beautiful : handsome : gay. — adv. Bonn'ily. [Fr. bott, bonne — L. bonus, good ; Celt, bain, baine, white, fair.] Bonus, bon'us, «. a premium beyond the usual interest for a loan : an extra dividend to share- holders. [L. bonus, good.] Bony, bon'i, adj. full of, or consisting of, bones. Bonze, bon'ze, n. a Buddhist priest. [Jap. bozu, a priest.] Booby, boob'i, «. a silly or stupid fellow : a water- bird, of the pelican tribe, remarkable for its apparent stupidity. [Sp. bcbo, a dolt ; O. Fr. bobu, stupid — L. balbus, stuttering.] Book, book, «. a collection of sheets of paper bound together, either printed, written on, or blank : a literary composition : a division of a volume or subject.— z/./. to write in a book. [A.S. boc, a book, the beech; Ger. buche, the beech, buck, a book, because the Teutons first wrote on beechen boards.] Book-club, book'-klub, n. an association of persons who buy new books for circulation among them- selves, [only with books. — n. Book'ishness. Bookish, book'ish, adj. fond of books : acquainted Book-keeping, book'-kep'ing, «. the art of keep- ing accounts in a regular and systematic manner. Book-learning, book'-lem'ing, n. learning got from books, as oppo.sed to practical knowledge. Bookplate, book'plat, n. a label usually pasted inside the cover of a book, bearing the owner's name, crest, or peculiar device. Book-post, book'-post, n. the department in the Post-office for the transmission of books. Bookworm, book'wurm, n. a worm or mite that eats holes in books : a hard reader : one who reads without discrimination or profit. Boom, boom, n. a pole by which a sail is stretched : a chain or bar stretched across a harbour. [Dut. bootn, a beam, a tree.] Boom, boom, v.i. to make a hollow sound or roar. fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mSte ; mute ; mSCn ; Men. 47 Boomerang --ft. a hollow roar, as of the sea, the cry of the bittern, &c. [From a Low (Jer. root found in A.S. H'nu, a trumpet, Dut. ho7nmen, to drum ; like Boml), of imitative origin.] Boomerang, bODm'e-rang, «. a hard-wood missile used l)y the natives of Australia, shaped like the segment of a circle, and so made that when thrown to a distance it returns towards the thrower. [Australian.] Boon, boon, n. a petition : a gift or favour. [Ice. bdn, a prayer; A.S. ben.'\ Boon, boon, adj. (as in boon companion) gay, merry_or kind. [Fr. boti—'L. bonis, good.] Boor, boor, «. a coarse or awkward person. [Dut boer (Ger. bauer), a tiller of the soil — Dut. bou- wen: cog^with Ger. baiien, A.S. biian. to till.] Boorish, boor'ish, adj. like a boor : awkward or ruilo. — (uiv. Boorishly. — «. Boor'ishness. Boot, bo(5t, n. a covering for the foot and lower part of the leg generally made of leather : an old instrument of torture for the legs : a box or receptacle in a coach : — «.//. the servant in a hotel that cleans the boots. — v.t. to put on boots. [Fr. botte, a butt, or a boot, from O. Ger. bvten, a cask. See Bottle, Butt.] Boot, boot, V. t. to profit or advantage. — ». advan- tage : profit.— To Boot, in addition. [A.S. bot, compensation, amends, whence betan, to amend, to make Better.] Booth, booth, 11. a fnit or temporary erection formed of slight materials. [Ice. buth; Ger. bude ; also Slav, and Celt., as Gael, hoik, hut.] Bootjack, btJOt'jak, n. an instrument for taking off boots. [Boot and Jack.] Bootless, booties, adj. without boot or profit : useless. — adv. Boot'lessly. — «. Bootlessness. Booty, boot'i, n. spoil taken in war or by force : plunder. [Ice. byti, share — byta, to divide.] Bo-peep, b5-pep', n. a game among children in which one peeps from behind something and cries ' Bo.' BoraciC, bo-ras'ik, adj. of or relating to borax. — Boraolc acid, an acid obtained by dissolving borax, and also found native in mineral springs in Italy. Borax, bo'raks, n. a mineral salt used for solder- ing and also in medicine. [Fr. — Ar. bilraq,'\ Border, bord'er, «. the edge or margin of any- thing : the march or boundary of a country : a flower-bed in a garden. — v.i. to approach : to be adjacent. — v.t. to make or adorn with a border : to bound. [Fr. bord, bordure ; from root of Board] Borderer, bord'er-er, n. one who dwells on the bonier of a country. Bore, bor, v.t. to pierce so as to form a hole : to weary or annoy. — «. a hole made by boring : the size of the cavity of a gun : a person or thing that wearies. [A.S. borian, to bore, from bor, a borer ; Ger. bohren : allied to L. foro, to bore, Gr. p/iarynx, the gullet.] Bore, bor, did hear. pa.t. of Bear. Bore, bor, «. a tidal flood which rushes with great force into the mouths of certain rivers. [Ice. bcira, a wave or swell, from root of to Bear or lift.] Boreal, bo're-al, adj. pertaining to the north or the north wind. Boreas, bo're-as, n. the north wind. [L. and Gr.] Born, bawrn, pa.j>. of Bear, to bring forth. Borne, born, pa.p. of Bear, to carry. Borough, bur'o, «. a town with a corporation : a town that sends representatives to parli.ament. [A.S. burg, burh, a city, from beorgan, Ger. hergen, to protect.] Boulevard Boroughmonger, bur'O-mung'er, n. one who buys or sells the patronage of boroughs. Borrow, bor'O, v.t. to obtain on loan or trust : to adopt from a foreign source. — «. Borr'ower. [A.S. borgian — borg, borh, a pledge, security; akin to Borough, from the notion of security.] Boscage, bosk'aj, «. thick foliage : woodland. [Fr. boscage, bocage — Low L. boscus (hence Fr. bois), conn, with G&i. busck, E. bush.] Bosh, bosh, n. used also as int., nonsense, foolish talk or opinions. [Turk, bosh, worthless, frequent in Morier's popular novel Ayesha (1834). Bosky, bosk'i, adj. woody or bushy : shady. Bosom, booz'um, «. the breast of a human being, or the part of the dress which covers it : I jig.) the seat of the passions and feelings : the heart : embrace, inclosure, as within the arms : any close or secret receptacle. — adj. (in composition) confidential: intimate. — f./. to inclose in the bosom. [A.S. bostn, Ger. biisen.] Boss, bos, n. a knob or stud : a raised ornament. — v.t. to ornament with bosses. [Fr. bosse, It. bozza, a swelling, from O. Ger. bdzen, to beat.] Bossy, bos'i, adj. having bosses. Botanise, bot'an-Iz, v.i. to seek for and collect plants for study. Botanist, bot'an-ist, n. one skilled in botany. Botany, bot'a-ni, «. the science of plants. — adj. Botan'ic— rtrfw. Botan'ically. [Gr. bota>te,)\e.rh, plant — bosko, to feed, L. vescor, I feed myself; perh. cog. with A. S. woed.] Botch, boch, «., a swelling on the skin : a clumsy patch: ill-finished work. — v.t. to patch or mend clumsily : to put together unsuitably or unskil- fully. [From root of Boss.] Botcher, boch'er, n. one who botches. Botchy, boch'i, adj. marked with or full of botches. Both, both, adj. and />ron. , the two : the one and the other. — conj. as well : on the one side. [Ice. bathi, Ger. beide ; A.S. bd; cf. L. ani-bo, Gr. ain-/>ho. Sans, nbha, orig. ainbha.} Bother, hoih'hr, v.t. to perplex or tease. [Perh. from Ir. buaidhirt, trouble.] Bottle, botl, «., a bundle of hay. [Dim. of Fr. botte, a bundle, from root of Boss.] Bottle, bot'l, 71. a hollow vessel for holding liquids : the contents of such a vessel. — v. t. to inclose in bottles. [Fr. bonteille, dim. of botte, a vessel for liquids. From root of Boot, Butt.] Bottled, \)OX.'\A,p.adj. inclosed in bottles : shaped or protuberant like a bottle. Bottom, bot'um, «. the lowest part of anything : that on which anything rests or is founded : low land, as in a valley : the keel of a ship, hence the vessel itself. — v.t. to found or rest upon. — adj. Bott'omless. [A.S. botm; Ger. boden; conn, with L. /undus, bottom, Gael, bond, boivn, the sole.] Bottomry, bot'um-ri, n. a contract by which money is borrowed on the security of a ship or bottom. [From Bottom, a ship.] Boudoir, bOod'war, 71. a lady's private room. [Fr. —bonder, to pout, to be sulky.] Bough, bow, «. a branch of a tree. [A..S. bog, boh, an arm, the shoulder (Ger. bug, the shoulder, the bow of a ship) — A.S. buga7i, to bend.] Bought, bawt, fa.t. and pa.p. of Buy. Boulder, bold'er, «. a large stone rounded by the action of water : (geol. ) a mass of rock trans- ported by natural agencies from its native bed. — adj. contaming boulders. [Ace. to Wedg- wood, from Swed. buUra, Dan. biildre, to roar like thunder, as large pebbles do.] Boulevard, bool'e-var, n. a promenade, formed by 48 fate, far ; me, h6r ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; mSQn ; thea. Bounce levelling ihe old fortifications of a town. [Fr. — Ger. bollwerk. See BlUwark.J Bounce, bowns, v.i. to jump or spring suddenly : to boast, to exaggerate. — «. a heavy sudden blow : a leap or spring : a boast : a bold lie. [Dut. bonzcn, to strike, from bi»is, a blow, from the sound.J [thing big : a bully : a liar. Bouncer, bowns'er, «. one who bounces : some- Bound, bownd,/«./. and /«./». of Bind. Bound, bownd, «. a limit or boundary. — v.i. to set bounds to : to hmit, restrain, or surround. [O. Fr. boiuie — Low L. bodiiia — Bret, bonn, a boundary.] Bound, bownd, z>.i. to spring or leap. — n. A spring or leap. (Fr. bonciir, to spring, in O. Fr. to resound — L. bombita See Boom, the sound.] Bound, bownd, adj. ready to go. [Ice. buinn, pa.p. oi bua, to prepare.] Boundary, bownd'a-ri, n. a visible boinid or limit : border : termination. Bounden, bownd'n, adj., binding: required : obligatory. [From Bind.] Boundless, bownd'les, adj. having no bound or limit: vast. — >i. Boundlessness. Bounteous, bown'te-us or bown'tyus. Bountiful, bown'ti-fool, adj. liberal in giving : generous. — advs. Boun'teously, Boun'tifuliy.— «.?. Boun'- teousness, Boun'tifulness. [From Bounty.] Bounty, bown'ti, «. liberality in bestowing gifts : the gift bestowed : money offered as an induce- ment to enter the army, or as a premium to encourage any branch of industry. [Fr. botite, goodness — L. botiitas — bou7ts, good.] Bouq,uet, boo'ka, «. a bunch of flowers : a nose- gay. [Fr. — bosijjiei, dim. of bois, a wood — It. bosco. See Boscage, Bush.] Bourg, burg, u. Same as Burgh, Borough. Bourgeois, bur-jois', n. a kind of printing type, larger than brevier and smaller than longprimer. [Fr. — perh. from the name of the typefounder.] Bourgeoisie, boorzh-waw'ze, n. the middle class of citizens, esp. traders. [From Fr. bourgeois, a citizen, from root of Borough.] Bourgeon, bur'jun, v.i. to put forth sprouts or buds ; to grow. [Fr. bourgeon, a bud, shoot.] Bourn, Bourne, born or boom, «. a boundary, or a limit. [Fr. borne, a limit. See Bound.] Bourn, Bourne, born or brorn, n. a little stream. [A..S. burna, a stream; Scot, burii, a brook; Goth, bninna, a .spring.] Bourse, bo5rs, n. an exchange where merchants meet for business. [Fr. bourse. See PUTSe.] Bouse, booz, v.i. to drink deeply. [Dut. buy sen, to drink deeply— i5/a.t. of Break. Brake, brak, «. a fem : a place overgrown with ferns or briers : a thicket. [Low Ger. brake, brushwood; Ger. brack, fallow.] Brake, brak, n. an instrument to break flax or hemp : a carriage for breaking-in horses : a bit for horses : a contrivance for retarding the motion of a wheel. [From root of Break.] Braky, brak'i, adj. full of brakes : thorny : rough. Bramhle, bram'bl, «. a wild prickly plant bearing black berries : any rough prickly shrub. — adj. Bram'tlly. [A.S. bremel; Dut. braatn, Ger. brom.\ Bran, bran, «., the re/use of grain : the inner husks of com sifted from the flour. [Fr. bran, bran — Celt, bran, bran, refuse.] Branch, bransh, «. a shoot or ann-like limb of a tree : anything like a branch : any offshoot or subdivision. — v.t. to divide into branches. — v.i. to spread out as a branch. — adjs. Branchless, Branch'y. [Fr. ^m:«c/z^— Bret, branc, an arm; Low L. branca, L. brachiuvi. See Brace.] Branchia9, brangk'i-e, n.pL, gills.— adj. Branch- ial, brangk'i-al. ■ [L.] Branchlet, bransh'let, n. a little branch. Brand, brand, ti. a piece of wood burning or partly burned : a mark burned into anything with a hot iron : a sword, so called from its glitter : a mark of infamy. — v.t. to burn or mark with a hot iron : to fix a mark of infamy upon. [A. S., from root of Bum.] Brandish, brand'ish, v.t. to wave or flourish as a brand ox weapon. — n. a waving or flourish. [Fr. brandir, from root of Brand.] Brand-new, brand'-nu, adj. quite new (as if newly from the fire). Brandy, brand'i, n. an ardent spirit distilled from Break wine. [Formerly brand7vine—'Dut. hrafideimjn —hrandeu, to burn, to distil, and ivijn, wnie ; cf. (Jer. brantweifi.] Bran-new, bran'-nu, adj Corr. of Brand-new. Brasier, bra'zher, «. a pan for holdmg burnmg coals. [Fr., from the root of Brass.] Brass, bras, «. an alloy of copper and zinc: (fig.) impudence:—//, monumental plates of brass in- laid on slabs of stone in the pavements of ancient churches. [A.S. braes; Ice. bras, solder : trom brasa, to harden by fire, Swed. brasa, fire.] Brass-band, bras'-band, n. a band or company of musicians who perform on brass instruments. Brassy, bras'i, adj. of or like brass : impudent. Brat, brat, «. a contemptuous name for a child. [A.S. bratt, W., Gael, brat, a rag; prov. E. hrat, a child's pinafore.] Bravado, brav-a'do, «. a display of bravery: a boastful threat :— //. Brava'does. [Sp. bravada, from root of Brave.] Brave, brav, adj. daring, courageous : noble.— 57.^. to meet boldly : to defy. — n. a bully. — adv. Bravely. [Fr. brave ; It. and Sp. bravo ; from Celt., as in Bret, braga, to strut about, Gael. breagk, fine. See Brag.] Bravery, brav'er-i, n. courage : heroism : finery. Bravo, bravS, n. a daring villain : a hired as- sassin -.—pi. Bravoes, brav oz. [It. and Sp.] Bravo, brav'o, int. well done : excellent. [ It.] Bravura, brav-SDr'a, «. [mus.) a term applied to songs that require great spirit in execution. [It.] Brawl, brawl, n. a noisy quarrel. — v.i. to quarrel noisily: to murmur or gurgle. [W. bragal, to vociferate, which, ace. to Skeat, is a freq. of Brag.] Brawn, brawn, n. muscle : thick flesh, esp. boar's flesh : muscular strength. [O. Fr. braon, from O. Ger. brato, flesh (for roasting)— O. Ger. pratan (Ger. braten), to roast.] Brawny, brawn'i, adj. fleshy : muscular : strong. Bray, bra, v.t., to break, pound, or grind small. [O. Fr, breier (Fr. broyer) ; from root of Break. Bray, bra, n. the cry of the ass : any harsh grat- ing sound. — v.i. to cry like an ass. [Fr. braire. Low L. bragire, from root of Brag, Brawl.] Braze, braz, v.t. to cover or solder with brass. Brazen, bra'zn, adj. of or belonging to brass : im- pudent. — v.t. to confront with impudence. Brazier, bra'zher, 71. See Brasier. Breach, brech, n. a break or opening, as in the walls of a fortress : a breaking of law, &c. : a quarrel. — v.t. to make a breach or opening. [A S. brice, Fr. breclie, from root of Break.] Bread, bred, «. food made of flour or meal baked : food: livelihood. [A.S. bread, from breotan, to break ; or from breowan, to brew.] Bread-fruit-tree, bred'-froSt-tre', «. a tree of the South Sea Islands, producing a fruit, which when roasted forms a good substitute for bread. Breadth, bredth, «. extent from side to side : width. [M. E. brede, A.S. brcedu. See Broad.] Break, brak, v.t. to part by force: to shatter : to crush : to tame : to violate : to check by inter- cepting, as a fall : to interrupt, as silence : to make bankrupt : to divulge. — v.i. to part in two : to burst forth : to open or appear, as the morning : to become bankrupt : to fall out, as with a friend -.—pa.t. broke; pa. p. brok'en. — n. the state of being broken : an opening : a pause or interruption : the dawn. — Break cover, to burst forth from concealment, as game. — Break down, to crush, or to come down by breaking : [fig-] to give way. — Break ground, to commence excavation : [fig.) to SO fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mOte : mute ; mfJOn ; thai. Breakage begin.— Break the Ice {.fig.), to get through first difficulties.— Break a jest, to utter a jest une.\pectedly — Break a lance [fig.^, enter into a contest with a rival. — Break upon the wheel, to punish by stretching a criminal on a wheel, and breaking his bones. — Break with, to fall out, as friends. [A.S. brecan ; Goth, brikan, Ger. brechen ; conn, with L. fra/igo, Gr. rhig- nfimi ; Gael, bragh, a burst] Breakage, brak'aj, n. a breaking : an allowance for things broken. [the shore. Breaker, brak'er, n, a wave broken on rocks or Breakfast, brek'fast, «. a break or breaking of a fast : the first meal of the day. — v.i. to take breakfast. — v.t. to furnish with breakfast. Breaking-in, brak'ing-in', n. the act of training to labour, as of a horse. [broken neck. Breakneck, brak'nek, adj. likely to cause a Breakwater, brak'waw'ter, n. a barrier at the entrance of a harbour to break the force of the waves. Bream, brem, «. a fresh-water fish of the carp family : a salt-water fish somewhat like it. [Fr. brSine, for bresme — O. Ger. braJisema, Ger. brasse7i.^ Breast, brest, «. the forepart of the human body between the neck and the belly : [fig.) con- science, disposition, affections. — v.t. to bear the breast against : to o;>pose manfully. [A.S. breast; Ger. brust, Dut. borst, perh. from the notion of bursting forth, protruding.] Breastplate, brest'plat, n. a plate or piece of armour for the breast : in B., a part of the dress of the Jewish high-priest. Breastwork, brest'wurk, K. a defensive work of earth or other materials breast-high. Breath, breth, n. the air drawn into and then ex- pelled from the lungs : power of breathing, life : the time occupied by once breathing : a very slight breeze. [A.S. breath; Ger. brodeni, steam, breath ; perh. akin to L. frag-rare, to smell.] Breathe, \>xe.th, v.i. to draw in and expel breath or air from the lungs : to take breath, to rest or pause : to live. — v.t. to draw in and expel from the lungs, as air : to infuse : to give out as breath : to utter by the breath or softly : to keep in breath, to exercise. Breathing, breM'ing, n. the act of breathing : as- piration, secret prayer: respite. Breathless, breth'les, adj. out of breath : dead. — ». Breathlessness. Breech, brech, «. the lower part of the body behind : the hinder part of anything, especially of a gun. — v.t. to put into breeches. [See Breeches, the garment, in which sense it was first used.] Breeches, brich'ez, n.pl. a garment worn by men on the lower part of the body, trousers. [A.S. brdc, pi. brec; found in all Teut. lang. ; also Fr. brazes — L. bracctE, which is said to be from the Celt., as in Gael, briogais, breeches.] Breech-loader, brech'-lSd'er, «. a firearm loaded by introducing the charge at the breech. Breed, bred, v. t. to generate or bring forth : to train or bring up : to cause or occasion. — v.i. to be with young : to produce offspring : to be produced or brought forth i^pa.t, and pa.p. bred. — «. that which is bred, progeny or offspring : kind or race. [A.S. brldan, to cherish, keep warm ; Ger. briitett, to hatch ; conn, with Brew.] Breeder, bred'er, «. one who breeds or brings up. Breeding, bred'mg, «. act of producing : educa- tion or manners. Bridge Breeze, brez, «. a gentle gale ; a wind. [Fr. brise, a cool wind ; It. brersa.] [breezes. Breezy, brcz'i, adj. fanned with, or subject to Brethren, hrst/i'rsn, plur. of Brother. Breton, brit'un, adj. belonging to Brittany or Bretagne, in France. Breve, brev, «. [lit.) a brief or short note: the longest note now used in music, ||0||. [It. breve — L. brevis, short. In old church music there were but two notes, the long and the breve or short. Afterwards the long was disused, and the breve became the longest note. It is now little used, the semibreve being the longest note.] Brevet, brev'et, «. a military commission entitling an officer to take rank above that for which he receives pay. [Fr., a short document — L. brevis, short.] Breviary, brev'i-ar-i, n. book containing the daily service of the Roman Catholic Church. [Fr. briviaire — L. brevis, short] Brevier, brev-er', n. a small type between bour- geois and minion, orig. used in printing breviaries. Brevity, breVit-i, «., shortness: conciseness. [L. brevitas — brevis, short ] Brew, broS, v.t. to prepare a liquor, as from malt and other materials: to contrive or plot. — v.i. to perform the operation of brewing : to be gathering or forming. [A.S. breoz'an ; cf. Ger. brauen, which, like Fr. brasser, is said to be from Low L. braxare, which is perh. from Celt. brag, malt.] Brewer, broo'er, n. one who brews. Brewery, broo'er-i, «. a place for brewing. Brewing, broo'ing, n. the act of making liquor from malt : the quantity brewed at once. Bribe, brib, n. something given to influence unduly the judgment or corrupt the conduct : allurement. — v.t. to influence by a bribe. [Fr. bribe, a lump of bread — Celt, as in W. briwo, to break, bri-w, a fragment.] Briber, brib'er, 7U one who bribes. [bribes. Bribery, brlb'er-i, n. the act of giving or taking Brick, brik, K. an oblong or square piece of burned clay : a loaf of bread in the shape of a brick. — v.t. to lay or pave with brick. [Fr. brique, from root of Break.] Brickbat, brik'bat, n. a piece of brick. [Brlck and Bat, an implement for striking with.] Brick-kiln, brik'-kil, «. a kiln in which bricks are burned. Bricklayer, brikla-er, n. one who lays or builds with bricks. — «. Bricklaying. Bridal, brid'al, n. a marriage feast : a wedding. — adj. belonging to a bride, or a wedding : nuptial. [Bride, and Ale, a feast.] Bride, brid, «. a woman about to be married : a woman newly married. [A.S. bryd ; Ice. bntdr, Ger. braiit, a bride ; W. priod, one married.] Bridecake, brid'kak, «. the bride's cake, or cake distributed at a wedding. [apartment. Bride-chamber, brld'-cham'ber, n. the nuptial Bridegroom, brld'groom, «. a man about to be married : a man newly married. — Bride'maid, Bride's'maid, Bride'man, Bride's'man, attend- ants at a weddmg. \K.'S). brydgutna — gu7na,a. man.] Bridewell, brid'wel, «. a house of correction. [From a palace near St Bride's Well in London, afterwards used as a house of correction.] Bridge, brij, «. a structure raised across a river, &c. : anything like a bridge. — v.t. to build a bridge over. [A.S. bricg; Ger. briicke. Ice. bryggja.l fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mute ; mute ; moon ; thiiu. £1 Bridle Bridle, bri'dl, «. the instrument on a horse's head, by which it is coiilroUed : any curb or restraint. — r-./. to put on or manage by a bridle : to check or restrain.— z/.i. to hold up the head proudly or atVcctedly. [A.S. bridcl ; O. Gcr. brtdcl, whence Fr. hride.] [horsemen. Bridle-path, brl'dl-path, «. a path or way tor Brief, brCf, «a. t. and pa. p. of Bring. Brow, brow, «. the ridge over the eyes : the fore- head : the edge of a hill. [A. S. bril ; Ice. brun, Scot. Irrae, a slope ; conn, with Gr. opkrys.'] Browbeat, brow'bet, v. t. to bear down with stern looks or speech : to bully. Brown, brown, adj. of a dark or dusky colour inclining to red or yellow. — n. a dark reddish colour. — v.t. to make brown or give a brown colour to. — adj. Brownish. — «. Brown'ness. [A.S. brii7i — A.S. byrnati, to burn.] Brownie, brown'i, «. in Scotland, a kind of good- natured domestic spirit. Brown-study, brown'-stud'i, n. gloomy reverie : absent-mindedness. Browse, browz, v.t. and v.i. to feed on the shoots or leaves of plants. [O. Yr. brouster(.Fr. brouter] — bro7(st, a sprout ; also Celt. See BruSh.] Bruin, broo'in, n. a bear, so called from its brown colour. [Dut. bruin, Ger. brau7i, brown.] Bruise, brooz, v. t. , to break or crush : to reduce to small fragments. — k. a wound made by any- thing heavy and blunt. [O. Fr. bruiser, from O. Ger. bresten, to burst] Bruiser, brooz'er, 11- one that bruises : a boxer. Bruit, broot, n. something noised abroad : a rumour or report. — v.t. to noise abroad: to report. [Fr. bruit — Fr. bruirc ; cf. Low L. brugittis, Gr. brucho, to roar ; prob. imitative.] Brunette, broon-et', n. a girl with a brown or dark complexion. [Fr. dim. o{ brun, brown.] Brunt, brunt, «. the heat or shock of an onset or contest : the force of a blow. [Ice. bruni; Ger. bruHst, heat. See Bum.] Brush, brush, «. an instrument for removing dust, usually made of bristles, twigs, or feathers : a kind of hair-pencil used by painters : brush- wood : a skirmish or encounter : the tail of a fox. — v.t. to remove dust, &c. from by sweep- ing : to touch lightly in passing : (with ojf) re- move. — v.i. to move over lightly. [Fr. brosse, a brush, brushwood— O. Ger. brusta (Ger. biirste), ace. to Brachet, orig. heather, broom. See Browse. ] Brushwood, brush'wood, n. rough, close bushes : a thicket. Brusque, broosk, adj. blunt, abrupt in manner, rude.— «. Brusque'ness. [Fr. brusque, rude. See Brisk.] Brussels-sprouts, brus'elz-sprowts, n.pl. a variety of the common cabbage with sprouts like minia- ture cabbages. [From Bmssels, whence the seeds were imported.] fate, filr ; me, her ; mine ; mOte ; raiite ; m(55n ; /Aen. 58 Brutal Crutal, brSSt'al, adj. like a brute : unfeelinfj : inhuman. Y7 eers were pirates in the West Indies during the seventeenth century, who plundered the Span- iards chiefly. [Fr. boucaner, to smoke meat — Carib boucan, a wooden gridiron. The French settlers in the West Indies cooked their meat on a boucan after the manner of the natives, and were hence called boucaniers.l Buck, buk, n. the m?te of the deer, goat, hare, and rabbit : a dashing young fellow. [A.S. buc, bucca ; Ger. bock, a he-goat.] Buck, buk, v.t. to soak or steep in lye, a process in bleaching. — «. lye in which clothes are bleached. [From the Celt., as in Gael, buac, cowdung, used in bleactiing — bo, a cow ; Ger. beuchen, &c., from the same source.] Bucket, buk'et, n. a vessel for drawing or holding water, &c. [A.S. buc, a pitcher; prob. from Gael, bucaid, a bucket.] Buckle, buk'l, «. an instrument for fastening shoes and other articles of dress. — v.t. to fasten with a buckle : to prepare for action : to engage in close fight. — v.i, to bend or bulge out : to engage with zeal. [Fr. boucle, the boss of a shield, a ring — Low L. buccula, dim. oi bucca, a cheek.] BucUer, buk'ler, n. a shield with a buckle or central boss. [Fr. bouclier — Low L. buccula.] Buckram, buk'ram, «. coarse cloth stiffened with dressing. — adj. made of buckram : stiff : pre- cise. [O. Fr. boqueran—O. Ger. boc, a goat ; such stuff being made orig. of goats' hair.] Buckskin, buk' skin, «. a kind of leather:—//, breeches made of buckskin. — adj. made of the skin of a buck. Buckwheat, buk'hwet, «. a kind of grain having three-cornered seeds like the kernels of beech- nuts. [A. S. bdc, beech, and Wheat ; Ger. buch- •weizen — buche, beech, weizen, com.] Bucolic, -al, bu-kol'ik, -al, adj. pertaining to the tending of cattle : pastoral. — n. a pastoral poem. [L. bucolicus — Gr. boukolikos—boukolos, a herdsman, from bous, an ox, and perh. the root of L. colo, to tend.] Bud, bud, «. the first shoot of a tree or plant. — v.i. to put forth buds: to begin to grow. — v.t. to graft, as a plant, by inserting a bud under the bark of another tree : — pr.p. budd'ing ; pa.p. budd'ed. [From a Low Ger. root, as in Dut> bot, a bud. See Button.] Buddhism, bood'izm, «. the religion of the greater part of Central and E. Asia, so called from the title of its founder, 'the Buddha,' 'the wise.' Buddhist, bood'ist, n. a believer in Buddhism. Budge, buj, v.i. to move off or stir. [Fr. bouger — It. bulicare, to boil, to bubble — L. bullire.^ Budget, buj'et, K. a sack with its contents : annual statement of the finances of the British BuUet nation made by the Chancellor of the E.vchequet. [Fr. L.,ugcttc, dim. of bouge, a pouch— L. bulga, a word of Gallic origin— root of Bag.] Bufif, buf, «. a leather made from the skin of the buffalo : the colour of buff, a light yellow -.—pi. a regiment so named from their buft-coloured facings. [Fr. bujjle, a buffalo.] Buffalo, buf'a-lo, «. a large kind of ox, generally wild. [Sp. bu/ala—'L. bubalus, Gr. boubalos, the wild ox — bous, an ox.] ^ _ Btlffer, buf 'er, n. a cushion to deaden the ' buff or concussion, as in railway carriages. Bllffet, buf'et, n. a blow with the fist, a slap.— v.t. to strike with the hand or fist: to contend against. [O. Fr. bufet—bufe, a blow, esp. on the cheek ; conn, with Puff, Buffoon.] Buffet, buf'et, «. a kind of sideboard. [Fr. bujfet : orig. unknown.] Buffoon, buf-o5n', w. one who amuses by jests, grimaces, &c. : a clown. [Fr. boujfon—lx.. buffare, to jest, [lit.) \.o puff ovA the cheeks.] Buffoonery, buf-oOn'er-i, «. the practices of a buffoon : ludicrous or vulgar jesting. Bug, bug, n. an object of terror ; applied loosely to certain insects, esp. to one that infests houses and beds. [W. Invg, a hobgoblin.] Bugbear, bug'bar, n., ail object of terror, gener- ally imaginary. — adj. causing fright. Buggy, bug'i, 71. a liaht one-horse chaise. Bugle, bu'gl, Bugle-horn, bu'gl-hom, «. a hunt- ing-horn, orig. a buffalo-horn : a keyed horn of rich tone. [O. Fr. — \j.buculus,ii\m.Q)ibos,a.xiox.^ Buhl, bul, n. unburnished gold, brass, or mother- of-pearl wprked into patterns for inlaying : furniture ornamented with such. [From Boule, the name of an Italian wood-carver who intro- duced it into France in the time of Louis XIV.] Build, bild, v.t. to erect, as a house: to form or construct. — e'.z. to depend (on) :^pa.p. built or build'ed. — n. construction : make. [O. Swed. bylja, to build ; Dan. bol; A.S. bold, a house.] Builder, bild'er, n. one who builds. Building, bild'ing, n. the art of erecting houses, &c. : anything built : a house. Built, \y^t, p.adj. formed or shaped. Bulb, bulb, n. an onion-like root. — v.i. to form bulbs : to bulge out or swell. — adjs. Bulbed, Bul'bous. Bulbld, bool'bool, «. the Persian nightingale. Bulge, bulj, n. the bilge or widest part of a cask. —v.i. to swell out. [A.S. beli^an, to swell ; Gael. bolg, to swell See Bilge, Belly, Bag, &c.] Bulk, bulk, «. magnitude or si/e: the greater part : (of a skip) the whole cargo in the hold. [A form of Bulge.] Bulkhead, bulkTied, n. a partition separating one part of a ship between decks from another. \Bulk = balk, a beam.] [«. Bulk'iness. Bulky, bulk'i, adj. having bulk: of great size.— Bull, bool, n. the male of the ox kind : a sign of the zodiac — adj. denoting largeness of size — used in composition, as bull-trout. [From an A.S. word, found only in dim. bulluca, a little bull — A.S. bellan, to bellow.] BuU, bool, n. an edict of the pope which has his seal affixed. [L. bulla, a knob, anything rounded by art : later, a leaden seal.] Bull, bool, n. a ludicrous blunder in speech. [Perh. in sarcastic allusion to the pope's bulls.] Bull-baiting, bool'-bat'ing, n. the sport of baiting or exciting bulls with dogs. [See Bait.] Bulldog, bool'dog, «. a kind of dog of great courage, formerly used for baiting bulls. Bullet, bool'et, n. a. ball of lead for loading small £4 fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; mCSa ; i/isn. Bulletin anns. [Fr. houlet, dim. of boule, a ball — L. htlla. See Bull, an edict.] Bulletin, bool'e-tin, n. an official report of public news. [Fr. — It. bulletino, dim. o{ bulla, a seal, because issued with the seal or stamp of author- ity. See Bull, an edict.] Bullet-proof, bool'et-prssf, adj. proof against bullets. [amusement in Spain. Bullfight, bool'fit, n. bull-baiting, a popul.ir Bullflnch, boorfinsh, «. a species of finch a little larger than the common linnet [Ace. to Wedg- wood, prob. a corr. oihid-finch, from its destroy- ing the buds of fruit-trees.] Bullion, bool'yun, n. gold and silver regarded simply by weight as merchandise. [Ety. dub.] Bullock, bool'ok, n. an ox or castrated bull. [A.S. bulluca, a calf or young bull. See Bull.] Bull's-eye, boolz'-I, n. the centre of a target, of a different colour from the rest, and usually round. Bulltrout, bool'trowt, «. a large kind of trout, nearly allied to the salmon. Bully, bool'i, n., a bhcstering, noisy, overbearing fellow. — v.l. to bluster. — v.i. to threaten in a noisy way :— /r./. bull'ying ; /'O.p. buU'ied. [Dut. bulderen, to bluster ; Low Ger. buller- brook, a noisy blustering fellow.] Bulrusb, bool'rush, n. a large strong rush, which grows on wet land or in water. Bulwark, bool'wark, n. a fortification or rampart : any means of defence or security. [From a Teut. root, seen in Ger. bolhverk — root of Bole, trunk of a tree, and Ger. iverk, work.] Bum, bum, v.i. to hum or make a murmuring sound, as a bee : — pr.p. bumm'ing ; pa.p. bummed'. [Bum = boom, from the sound.] Bumbailiff, bum'bal'if, n. an under-bailiff. Bumble-bee. bum'bl-be, n. a large kind of bee that makes a bumming ox humming noise : the hum- ble-bee. [M. E^ bumble, freq. of Bum, and Bee. ] Bumboat, bum'bot, n. boat for carrying provisions to a ship. [Dut. bjiin-boct, for butiboot, a boat with a bun, or receptacle for keeping fish alive.] Bump, bump, v.i. to make a heavy or loud noise. — v.t. to strike with a dull sound : to strike against. — n. a dull, heavy blow : a thump : a lump caused'by a blow : the noise of the bittern. r\V. pwnipio, to thump, p7vmp, a round mass, a bump ; from the sound.] Bumper, bump'er, n. a cup or glass filled till the liquor swells over the brim. [A corr. of bom- bard, bumbard, a large drinking-vessel.] Bumpkin, bump'kin, n. an awkward, clumsy rustic : a clown. [Dut. bootn, a log, and dim. -kin.] Bun, bun, «. a kind of sweet cake. [O. Fr. hugne, a kind of fritters, a form of bigne, a swelling, and found also in beignet, a fritter; cf. Scot. bannock; conn, with Bunion and Bunch., the orig. meaning being a swelling.^ Bunch, bunsh, n. a number of things tied together or growing together : a cluster : something in the form of a tuft or knot. — v.i. to swell out in a bunch. [O. Sw. and Dan. bunke, Ice. bunki, a heap — O. Sw. bunga, to strike, to swell out ] Bunchy, bunsh'i, adj. growing in bunches or like a bunch. Bundle, bun'dl, n. a number of things loosely bound together. — i'. A to bind or tie into bundles. [A. S. byndel—hom the root of Bind.] Bung, bung, «. the stopper of the hole in a barrel : a large cork. — v.i. to stop up with a bung. [Ety. dub.] Bungalow, bung'ga-lo, «. a country-house in India. [Pers., ' belonging to Bengal.'] Burgomaster Bungle, bung'l, «. anything clumsily done : a gross blunder. — v.i. to act in a clumsy, awk- ward manner. — v.t. to make or mend clumsily : to manage awkwardly. — n. Bungl'er. [Perh. freq. of bang: cf. O. Sw. bunga, to strike, bangla, to work ineffisctually.] Bunion, bun'yun, n. a lump or inflamed swelling on the ball of the great toe. [From root of Bun.] Bunting, bunt'ing, n. a thin woollen stuff of which ships' colours are made : a kind of bird. [Ety. dub.] Buoy, bwoi, n. a floating cask or light piece of wood fastened by a rope or chain to indicate shoals, the position of a ship's anchor, &c. — v. t. to fix buoys or marks : to keep afloat, bear up, or sustain. [Dut. boei, buoy, fetter, through Romance forms (Norman, boie), from O. L. boia, a collar of leather — L. bos, ox.] Buoyancy, bwoi'an-si, n. capacity for floating lightly on water or in the air : specific lightness: (Jig.) lightness of spirit, cheerfulness. Buoyant, bwoi'ant, adj. light : cheerful. Bui*, Burr, bur, «. the prickly seed-case or head of certain plants, which sticks to clothes : the rough sound of r pronounced in the throat. [Prob. E., but with cognates in many lang., as Swed. borre, a sea-urchin, L. burrcE, trash — from a root signifying rough.] Burbot, bur'bot, n. a fresh-water fish, like the eel, having a longish beard on its lower jaw. [Fr. barbate — L. barba, a beard.] Burden, bur'dn, n. a load : weight : cargo : that which is grievous, oppressive, or difficult to bear. — v.t. to load: to oppress: to encumber. [A.S. byrthen — beran, to bear.] Burden, bur'dn, «. part of a song repeated at the end of every stanza, refrain. [Fr. bourdon, a humming tone in music — Low L. burdo, a drone or non-working bee.] Burdensome, bur'dn-sum, adj. heavy : oppressive. Burdock, burdok, «. a dock with a bur or prickly head. Bureau, bur's, «. a writing-table or chest of drawers, orig. covered with dark cloth : a room or office where such a table is used : a depart- ment for the transacting of public business : — - pi. Bureaux, bur's, Bureaus, buroz. [O. Fr. burel, coarse russet cloth — L. burrus, dark red ; cf Gr. pyrrlios, flame-coloured — pyr =^ Fire.] Bureaucracy, bur-o'kras-i, «. government by officials appointed by the ruler, as opposed to self-government or government by parliamentary majority. [Bureau and Gr. krato, to govern.] Bureaucratic, bur-o-krat'ik, adj. relating to, or having the nature of a bureaucracy. Burgage, burg^aj, k. a system of tenure in boroiiglis, cities, and towns, by which th« citizens hold their lands or tenements. Burgamot, bur'ga-mot, n. Same as Bergamot. Burgeon, bur^jun, v.i. Same as Boui'geon. Burgess, bur'jes. Burgher, burg'er, n. an inhab- itant of a borough : a citizen or freeman : a magistrate of certain towns. Burgh, bur's or burg, n,—adj. Bur'ghaL Burglar. burg'Iar, n. one who breaks into a house by night to steal. [Fr. bo7i7-g, town (—Ger. burg. E. Borough), O. Fr. leres-l,. latro, a robber.] Burglary, burg'lar-i, n. breaking into a house by night to xoh.~adj. BUTglar'iOUS.— a^^z/. Burg- lar'iously. Burgomaster, burg'o-mast'er, n. the chief magis- trate of a German or a Dutch burgh, answering to the English term mayor. [Dut. burgemeesier — burg, and meester, a master.] fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mSte ; mute ; moOn ; i'/ten. 55 Burgundy Burg^undy, bur'gun-di, n. a French wine, so called froiu J'u>xuniiy, the district where it is made. Burial, lier i-al, «. the act of placiiiK a dead body ill the grave ; interment. [A.S. birgels, a tomb. See BlU-y.J Burin, bCir'in, «. a kind of chisel used by en- gravers. [ Fr. ; from root of Bore. ] Burke, burk, v.t. to murder, csp. by stifling: hence, (/i.^-) to put an end to quietly. [From Burke, an Irishman who committed the crime in order to sell the bodies of his victims for dissection.] Builesquo, bur-lesk', n. [lit.) a. jesting or ritiicti!- ing: a ludicrous representation. — adj. jocular : comical. — v.t. to turn into burlesque : to ridicule. [Fr. — It. burksco; prob. from Low L. burra, a flock of wool, a trine. ] Burly, bur'li, adj. bulky and vigorous : boisterous. — n. Burliness. [Prob. Celt., as in Gael, borr, a knob, borrail = burly, swaggering.] Bum, burn, v.t. to consume or injure by fire. — v.i. to be on fire : to feel excess of heat : to be inflamed with passion -.—pa.p. burned' or burnt. — n. a hurt or mark caused by fire. — To bum one's fingers, to suffer from interfering in other's afiairs, from embarking in speculations, &c. [A. S. byrtian ; Ger. brerinen, to burn ; akin to h./erveo, to glow.] Burner, burn'er, «. the part of a lamp or gas-jet from which the flame arises. Burning-glass, burn'ing-glas, H. a glass so formed as to concentrate the sun's rays. Burnish, bum'ish, v.t. to polish : to make bright by rubbing. — n. polish : lustre. [Fr. brjuiir, to make brown — root of Brown.] Bumislier, bum'ish-er, «. an instrument employed in burnishing. Bumt-offerlng, burnt'-ofer-ing, «. something offered and burned upon an altar as a sacrifice. Burr, bur, K. Same as Bur. Burrow, bur's, «. a hole in the ground dug; by certain animals for shelter or defence. — v.i. to make holes underground as rabbits : to dwell in a concealed place. [A doublet of Borough — A.S. beorgan, to protect.] Bursar, burs'ar, n. one who keeps the purse, a treasurer: in Scotland, a student maintained at a university by funds derived from endow- ment. [Low L. bursarius — bursa, a purse — Gr. byrse, skin or leather.] [paid to a bursar. Bursary, burs'ar-i, n. in Scotland, the allowance Burst, burst, v.t. to break into pieces : to break open suddenly or by violence. — 7i.i. to fly open or break in pieces : to break forth or away : — fa.t. and pa.p, burst. — n. a sudden outbreak. [A.S. berstan : Ger. bersten, Gael, brisd, to break.] Burthen, bur'//zn, «. and v.t. Same as Burden. Bury, ber'i, v.t. to hide in the ground : to place in the grave, as a dead body : to hide or blot out of remembrance : — pr.p. bur'ying ; pa.p. bur'ied. [A. S. byrga7i, to bury ; Ger. bergen, to hide.] Burying-groimd, ber'i-ing-grownd, Burylng- plaoe, ber'i-ing-plas, n. ground set apart for burying the dead : a graveyard. Bush, boosh, n. a shrub thick with branches: any- thing of bushy tuft-like .shape : any wild uncul- tivated country, esp. at the Cape or in Australia. [M. E. busk, bitsch; from a Teut. root found in Ger. hisch. Low L. boscus, Fr. bois.^ Bush, boosh, n. the metal bo.x or lining of any cylinder in which an axle works. [Dut. bus — L. buxus, the box-tree.] Butt Bushel, boosh'ei, «. a dry measure of 8 gallons, for measuring grain, &c. [O. Fr. boissel, liom the root of BoX.] Bushman, boosh'man, H. a settler in the uncleared land of America or the colonies, a woodsman : one of a savage race in South Africa. Bush-ranger, boosh'-ranj-«!r, «. ill Australia, a law- less fellow, often an escaped criminal, who takes to the bush and lives by robbery. Bushy, boosh'i, adj. full of bushes: thick and spreading. — «. Bush'iness. Busily, biz'i-li, adv. in a busy manner. Business, biz'nes, «. employment: eng.igement ; trade, profession, or occupation : one's concerns or affairs : a m.atter or affair. Busk, busk, v.t. or v.i. to prepare : to dress one's self. [Ice. biia, to prepare, and -sk, contr. of sik, the recip. pron. = self.] Busk, busk, «. the piece of bone, wood, or steel in the front of a woman's stays. [A form of Bust. ] Buskin, busk'in, «. a kind of half-boot with high heels worn in ancient times by actors of tragedy : hence, the tragic drama as distinguished from comedy. — adj. Busk'ined, dressed in buskins, noting tragedy, tragic. [Ety. dub.] Buss, bus, n. a rude or playful kiss. — v.t. to kiss, esp. in a rude or playful manner. [M. E. bass, prob. from O. Ger. bussen, to kiss, but modified by Fr. baiser, to kiss, from L. basiitin, a kiss.] Bust, bust, n. the human body from the head to the waist : a sculpture representing the upper part of the body. [Fr. buste — Low L. bustum.] Bustard, bus'tard, n. a genus of large, heavy birds, akin to the ostrich family, and of which the Great Bustard is the largest of European land-birds. [Fr. bistard, corr. from L. az'is tarda, slow bird, from the slowness of its flight.] Bustle, bus'l, v.i., to busy ones self: to be active. —n. hurried activity : stir : tumult. [M. E. buskle, prob. from A.S. bysig, busy.] Busy, biz'i, adj. fully employed : active : diligent ; meddling. — 7).t. to make busy: to occupy: — pr.p. busying (biz'i-ing) ; pa.p. busied (biz id) ■ adv. Bus'ily. [A.S. bysig.] Busybody, biz'i-bod-i, n. one busy about others' affairs, a meddling person. But, but, /re'/, or conj. without: except: besides: only : yet : still. [A. S. butan, biutan, without — be, by, and utan, out — ?iear and yet outside.] But, but, «. Same as Butt. Butcher, booch'er, «. one whose business is to slaughter animals for food : one who delights in bloody deeds. — v.t. to slaughter animals for food: to put to a bloody death, to kill cruelly. [Fr. bouclier, orig. one who kills he-goats — bouc, a he-goat ; allied to E. buck.] Butcher-meat, booch'er-met, «. the flesh of animals slaughtered by butchers, as distin- guished from fish, fowls, and game. Butchery, booch'er-i, n. great or cruel slaughter: a slaughter-house or shambles. Butler, but'ler, «. a servant who has charge of the liquors, plate, &c. — n. But'lership. [Norm. Fr. butiiiller, Fr. botdeiller—houteiiic, a bottle.] Butt, but, v.i. and v.t., to strike witli the head, as a goat, &c. — n. the thick and heavy end : a push with the head of an animal : a mark to be shot at: one who is made the object of ridicule. [O. Fr. boter, to push, strike, from O. Ger. bozen, to strike (see Beat).] Butt, but, n. a large cask: a wine-butt = 126 gallons, a beer and sherry butt = 108 gallons. [Fr. boite, a vessel of leather. See Boot, of which it is a doublet. Cf. A.S. bytte, a bottle.] B3 late, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; mijon ; ih^n. Butt-end Butt-end, but'-end, «. the striking or heavy end : the stump. [See Butt, to strilce.] Butter, but'er, ?i. an oily substance obtained from cream by churning. — v.i. to spread over with butter. [A.S. buter; Ger. butter; both from L. butyrum — Gr. boutyron — bous, ox, tyros, cheese.] Buttercup, but'er-kup, «. a plant of the crow- loot genus, with a c«/-like flower of a golden yellow, like butter. Butterfly, but er-fll, n. the name of an extensive group of beautiful winged insects, so called perh. from the b]4tter-\)kQ colour of one of the species. Butterine, but'er-en, «. an artificial fatty com- pound, sold as a substitute for butter. Buttermilk, but'er-milk, n. the milk that remains after the butter has been separated from the cream by churning. Butte^, but'er-i, n. a storeroom in a house for provisions, especially liquors. [Fr. bouteillerie, lit. 'place for bottles.' See Butler, Bottle.] Buttock, but'ok, n. the rump or protuberant part of the body behind. [Dim. of Butt, end.] Button, but'n, «. a knob of metal, bone, &c., used to fasten the dress by means of a button- hole: the knob at the end of a foil. — v.t. to fasten by means of buttons. [Fr. bouton, any small projection, from bouter, to push ; cf W. botwm, a button.] Buttress, but'res, 71. a projecting support built on to the outside of a wall : any support or prop. — v.t. to prop or support, as by a buttress. [Prob. from O. Fr. bretescke, a battlement.] Buxom, buks'um, adj. yielding, elastic: gay, lively, jolly. [M. E. bulistim, pliable, obedient — A.S. bAgan, to bow, yield, and affix some.] Buy, bl, v.t. to purchase for money: to bribe: — pr.p. buy'ing; pa.t. a.nd pa.p. bought (bawt). [A.S. bycga?i; Goth, bug Jan.] Buyer, bl'er, «. one who buys, a purchaser. Buzz, buz, v.i. to make a humming noise like bees. — v.i. to whisper or spread secretly. — n. the noise of bees and flies : a whispered report. [From the sound.] Buzzard, buz'ard, n. a bird of prey of the falcon family : a blockhead. [Fr. busard—'h. buteo, a kind of falcon.] By, hi, prep, at the side of: near to: through, denoting the agent, cause, means, SiC-^adv. near: passing near: in presence of: aside, away. — By and by, soon, presently. — By the bye, by the way, in passing. [A.S. bi, big; Ger. bei, L. ambi, Gr. atnphi, Sans, abhi.] By-form, bl'-form, «. a form of a word slightly varying from it. [Prep. By.] Bygone, bi'gon, adj. past. — n. a past event. Bylaw, bl'law, «. the law of a city, town, or private _ corporation : a supplementary law or regulation. [From Ice. byar-log, Dan. by-lov, town or municipal law ; Scot, bir-lavj ; from Ice. bua, to dwell. See Bower. By, town, is a suffix in many place-names. The form by in bylaw, esp. in its secondary meaning, is gener- ally confused with the prep.] Byname, blnSm, «. a nickname. [Prep. By.] Bypatb, bl'piith, «. a side path. [Prep. By.] Byplay, bl'pla, «. a scene carried on, subor- dinate to, and apart from, the main part of the play. [Prep. By.] Byroad, bl'rSd, «. a retired sideroad. Bystander, bl'stand'er, K. one who stands by or near one: hence, a looker-on. Byway, bl'wa, «. a private and obscure way. Cadet Byword, btwurd, «. a common saying : a proverb. Byzant, biz'ant, Byzantine, biz'an-tin, «. a gold coin of the Greek empire, struck at Byzantium or Constantinople, valued at .^15 sterling. Cab, kab, 71. short for Cabriolet. Cab, kab, «. a Hebrew dry measure = nearly 3 pints. [Heb. kab—kabab, to hollow.] Cabal, ka-bal', «. a small party united for some secret design : the plot itself — v.i. to form a party for a secret purpose : to plot : — pr.p, caball'ing; pa.p. caballed'. — 71. Caball'er, a plotter or intriguer. [Fr. cabale ; from Cabala] Cabala, kab'a-la, 71. a secret science of the Jewish Rabbis for the interpretation of the hidden sense of Scripture. — «. Cab'aliSt, one versed in the cabala. [Chal. kabbel, to receive — that is, the mystic interpretation of the Scripture.] Cabbage, kab'aj, «. a well-known kitchen vege- table. [Fr. cabus, headed [choux cabus, a cabbage) ; from L. caput, the head.] Cabin, kab'in, «. a hut or cottage : a small room, especially in a ship. — v.t. to shut up in a cabin. [W. cab, caba7t, a rude little hut.] Cabinet, kab'in-et, n. a small room or closet : a case of drawers for articles of value : a private room for consultation — hence The Cabinet, the ministers who govern a nation, being in Eng- land the leaders of the majority in Parliament. Cabinet-maker, kab'in-et-mak'er, 71. a ]7iaker 0/ cabinets and other fine furniture. Cable, ka'bl, 71. a strong rope or chain which ties anything, especially a ship to her anchor. [Fr. —Low L. capluiii, a halter — capio, to hold.] Caboose, ka-boSs', n. the kitchen or cooking-stove of a ship. [Dut. ko7nbtas, a cook's room.] Cabriolet, kab-ri-S-la', «. a covered carriage with two or four wheels drawn by one horse. .[Fr. cabriole, formerly capriole, the leap of a kid ; the springing motion being implied in the name of the carriage — L. capra, a she-goat.] Cacao, ka-ka'o, «. the chocolate-tree, from the seeds of which chocolate is made. [Mex. kakahuatl.} Cacbinnation, kak-in-a'shun, «., loud laughter. [L. cachi7ino, to laugh loudly — from the sound.] Cackle, kak'l, «. the sou7id made by a he7t or goose. — v.i. to make such a sound. [E. ; cog. with Dut. kakelen — from the sound.] Cacophony, ka-kofo-ni, «. a bad, disagreeable sound: discord of sounds. — adj. Cacoph'onous. [Gr. kakos, bad, phd/te, sound.] Cactus, kak'tus, n. an American plant, generally with prickles instead of leaves. [Gr.] Cad, kad, «. a low fellow. [Short for Cadet.] Cadastre, ka-das'ter, «. the liead survey of the lands of a country : an ordnance survey. — adj. Cadas'tral. [Fr. — Low L. capitastru/n, register for a poll-tax — L. caput, the head. ] Cadaverous, ka-dav'er-us, adj. looking like a dead body: sickly-looking. [Li. cadaver, a. dsa.d body — cado, to fall dead.] Caddy, kad'i, «. a small box for holding tea. [Malay kati, the weight of the small packets in which tea is made up.] Cade, kad, n. a barrel or cask. [L. cadus, a cask.] Cadence, ka'dens, «. [lit.) a./alli/tg: ihe /all of the voice at the end of a sentence : tone, sound, modulation. [Fr. — L. cado, to fall.] Cadet, ka-det', «. the younger or youngest son : in the army, one who serves as a private in order to become an officer : a student in a military fate, far*, me, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; moSn ; i/iea. 57 Cadi Calm school. — n. Oadet'sUp. [Fr. ccuiei, formerly ca/'Jet — Low L. ca/>itettum, dim. of caput, the he.id. Ste Captain.] Oadi, ki'di, «. a judge in Mohammedan coun- tries. [Ar. kadhi, a judge.] Caducous, k,i-du'kus, adj ., falling c-\x\y , as leaves or flowers. [L. cndiiciis — cado, to fall.] Caesura, Cesura, se-zu'ra, «. a syllable cul offsX. the end of a word after the completion of a foot: a pause in a verse. — adj. CSBSU'ral. [L. — ccedo, cirsnin, to cut off.] Caffeine, kaf e-in or kaf-e'in, «. the active principle of coffee and tea. {^r. cafeine. See Coffee.] Caftan, kaftan, «. a Persian or Turkish vest. Cage, kaj, «. a place of confinement : a box made of wire and wood for holding birds or small animals. [Fr. — L cavca, a hollow place.] Calm, karn, «., a lieap of stones, esp. one raised over a grave. [Celt. earn. ] Caitiff, ka'tif, «. a mean despicable fellow. — adj. mean, base. [O. Fr. caitif (Fr. cMtif) — L. captivus, a captive — capio, to take.] Cajole, ka-jol', v.t. to coax : to cheat by flattery. —ns. Cajoler, ka-jol'er, Cajolery, ka-jol er-i. [Fr. cajoler, O. Fr. cageoler, to chatter like a bird in a Cage.] Cake, kak, n. a piece of dough that is baked or cooked: a small loaf of fine bread : any flattened mass baked hard.— z/-/. to form into a cake or hard mass.— 7'. j. to become baked or hardened. [Sw. kaka, Ger. kuchen — Icoclien; all borrowed from L. coquo, to cook.] Calabash, kal'a-bash, n. a vessel made of a dried ^(7?.t. to eat into, corrupt, or destroy: to infect or pollute. — v.i. to grow corrupt : to decay. [Same as L. cancer, orig. pronounced canker.'\ [canker. Cankerous, kang'ker-us, adj. corroding like a Canker-worm, kang'ker-wurm, «. a worm that cankers or eats into plants. Cannel-coal, kan'el-kel. Candle-coal, kan'dl-kol, «. a very hard, black coal that burns without smoke, like a candle. [Prov. can7iel, candle.] Cannibal, kan'i-bal, 71. one who eats human flesh. — adj. relating to cannibalism. [Span., a corr. of Caribals {English Caribs), the native name of the W. India islanders, who ate human flesh : prob. changed into a word expressive of their character, from L. canis, a dog.] Cannibalism, kan'i-bal-izm, n. the practice of eating human flesh. Cannon, kan'un, n. a great gun used in war : a particular stroke in billiards. [Fr. canon, from L. canna, a reed. See Cane.] Cannonade, kan-un-ad', «. an attack with cannon. — v.t. to attack or batter with cannon. Cannoneer, Cannonier, kan-un-er', «. one who manages cannon. Cannot, kan'ot, v.i. to be unable. [Can and Not.] Canoe, ka-nSS', «. a boat made of the hollowed trunk of a tree, or of bark or skins. [Sp. ca>ioa, which like Fr. canot is from Carib catiaoa.] Cafion, kan-yun', «. a deep gorge or ravine between high and steep banks, worn by water-courses. [Sp., a hollow, from root of Cannon.] Canon, kan'un, K. a law or rule, esp. in ecclesias- tical matters : the genuine books of Scripture, called the sacred ca?ton : a dignitary of the Church of England : a list of saints canonised : a large kind of type. [A.S., Fr., from L. canon- - Gr. kanon, a straight rod — katuie, a reed.] Canonic, ka-non'ik. Canonical, ka-non'ik-al, adj. according to or included in the cano7t : regular ; ecclesiastical. — adv. Canon'ically. Canonicals, ka-non'ik-alz, 71. the official dress of the clergy, regulated by the church canoTts. OanonlCity, kan-un-is'i-ti, n. the state of belong- ing to the ca7i07i or genuine books of the Scrip- ture, [list of saints.— «. Canonisa'tlon. Canonise, kan'un-Iz, v. t. to enrol in the ca7ioii or Canonist, kan'un-ist, «. one versed in the canon Uw.—adj. Canonist'lc. Canonry, kan'un-ri, 71. the benefice of a canon. Canopy, kan'o-pi, 71. a covering over a throne or bed : a covering of state stretched over the head. — v.t. to cover with a canopy : — pr.p. can'opying ; pa.p. can'opied. [Fr. canapi, O. , Fr. co7iopie — L. co7iopeu77i — Gr. kdnopeio7i, a mosquito curtain — kd7tdps, a mosquito.] Canorous, kan-O'rus, adj., 7nxisical: melodious. [L. ca7iorus, from ca7ior, melody — ca7io, I sing.] Cant, kant, v.i. to talk in an affectedly solemn or hypocritical way.— «. a hypocritical or affected style of speech : the language peculiar to a sect : odd or peculiar talk of any kind. [Lit. to si/ig or whine; L. ca/tto, freq. o{ cano, to sing.] Cant, kant, 71. (orig-.) a7i edge or corner: an incli- nation from the level: a toss or jerk. — 7).t. to turn 071 the edge or cor7ier : to tilt or toss sud- denly. [Dut. ka7it ; Ger. ka7ite, a corner.] Cantankerous, kan-tangTcer-us, adj. cross- grained : perverse in temper. — «. Cantan'ker- ousness. Cantata, kan-ta'ta, n. a poem set to music, inter- spersed with recitative. [It. — L. cantare, freq. oi ca7to, to sing.] Canteen, kan-ten', 71. a tin vessel used by soldiers for holding liquors : a barrack-Javern. [Fr. ca7iti7ie — It. ca/ttitia, a small cellar, dim. of ca/ito, a corner.] Canter, kan'ter, «. an easy gallop. — v.i. to move at an easy gallop. — v.t. to make to canter. [Orig. Ca7iterbury-gallop, from the easy pace at which the pilgrims rode to the shrine at Canter- bury.] Cantharides, kan-thar'i-dez, n.pl. Spanish flies, used for blistering. [L. ca7itharis, beetle, pi. ca7itha7-ides.'\ Canticle, kan'ti-kl, 71. a song : — in //. the Song of Solomon. [L. ca7iticuhc77i, dim. oi ca7iticni/i.] Cantilever, kan'ti-lev-er, 71. (arch. ) a wooden or iron block projecting from a wall to bear mould- ings, balconies, and the like. The principle has been applied in the construction of bridges to support enormous weights. Canto, kan'to, 71. division of a so7ig or poem : the treble or leading melody. Canton, kan'tun, «. a small division of territory : also, its inhabitants : a division of a shield or painting. — v.t. to divide into cantons : to allot quarters to troops. [Fr., a corner, a divi-sion.] Cantonal, kan'tun-al. adj. pertaining to or divided into cantons. — «. Can'tonment (also pron. Can- t(3on'ment), the quarters of troops in a town. Canvas, kan'vas, «. a coarse cloth made of hemp, used for sails, tents, &c., and for painting on : the sails of a ship. [Fr. ca7ievas — L. and Gr. ca7i7tabis = E. Hemp.] Canvass, kan'vas, v.t. to sift, examine : to dis- cuss : to solicit votes. — ». close examination : a seeking or solicitation. — n. Can'vaSSSr. [Lit. to sift through ca7ivas.'\ Cany, kan'i, adj. full of or made of canes. Canyon. Same as Canon. Canzonet, kan-zO-net', n. a Utile or short so7ig. [It. ca7izonetta, dim. of ca7izotte, a song ; from L. canto — cano, to sing.] Caoutchouc, koo'chook, «. the highly elastic juice or gum of a plant which grows in S. America and Asia : India-rubber. [S.American.] 60 fate, far; m€, h6r ; mine: mOte ; mQte ; m5Cn ; r/jeo. Cap Cap, kap, «. a covering for the head : a cover : the top. — V. t. to put on a cap : to cover the end or top : — pr.p. capp'ing ; pa.p, capped'. [Low L. cappa, a cape or cope. ] Capable, kap'a-bl, adj. having ability, power, or skill to do : qualified for.— k. Capability. [Fr. — L. capio, to hold, take or seize.] Capacious, kap-a'shus, adj. including much : roomy : wide : extensive. — adv. Capaciously. — n. Capa'ciOUSnSSS. [L. capax, capacis — capio. to hold.] [qualify. Capacitate, kap-as'i-tat, v.t., to make capable : to Capacity, kap-as'i-ti, «. power of Iwlding or grasping a thing : room : power of mind : char- acter. Caparison, ka-par'is-un, «. the covering of a horse : a rich cloth laid over a war-horse. — v.t. to cover with a cloth, as a horse : to dress very richly. [Fr. caparafon—S'p. caparazon, aug- mentative o^capa, a cape, cover — Low L. cappa.'\ Cape, kap, «. a covering for the shoulders attached to a coat or cloak : a cloak. [O. Fr. cape — Low L. cappa.} Cape, kap, «. a head or point of land running into the sea : a ^lead-land. [Fr. cap — L. caput, the head.] Caper, ka'per, «. the flower-bud of the caper-bush, used for pickling. [Fr. c&pre — L. and Gr. cap- paris ; from Pers. kabar, capers.] Caper, ka'per, V. i. to leap or skip like a goat : to dance in a frolicsome manner. — «. a leap : a spring. [It. capriolare — capriolo, a kid — L. caper, a goat.] Capillarity, kap-il-ar'it-i, «. name given to certain effects produced by liquids in contact with capillary tubes. Capillary, kapll-a-ri or ka-pil'a-ri, adj. as fine or minute as a kair: having a very small bore, as a tube. — n. a tube with a bore as fine as a kair: — vcv pi. the minute vessels that unite the veins and arteries in animals. [L. capillaris — • capillus, hair, akin to caput, the head, akin to E. Head.] Capital, kap'it-al, adj. relating to iJie head: in- volving the loss of the head : chief : principal : important.— a(/z'. Cap'itally. [Fr. — L. capitalis — caput, the head.] Capital, kap'it-al, n. the head or top part of a column or pillar : the chief or most important thing : the chief city of a country : a large letter : the stock or money for carrying on any business. Capitalise, kap'it-al-Iz, v.t. to convert into cap- ital or money. [or money. Capitalist, kap'it-al-ist, «. one who has capital Capitation, kap-it-a'shun, n. a numbering of every head or individual : a ta.x on every head. [Fr. — Low L. capiiatio — caput, the head.] Capitol, kap'it-ol, «. the temple of Jupiter at Rome, built on the top of a hill : in the U.S. the house where Congress meets. [L. Capitolium — caput, the head.] Capitular, kap-it'ul-ar, Capitulary, kap-it'ul-ar-i, n. a statute passed in a chapter or ecclesiastical court : a member of a chapter. — adj. relating to a chapter in a cathedral : belonging to a chapter. —adv. Capit'ularly. [See Chapter.] Capitulate, kap-it'al-at, v.i. to yield or surrender on certain conditions or heads. — «. Capitula'- tion. Capon, ka'pn, n. a young cock cut or castrated. [A.S- capu7i — L. capo — Gr. kapon — kopto, to cut. See Chop. ] \_cape, a cloak. ] Capote, ka-p5t', K. a kind of cloak. [Fr., dim. of Caprice, ka-pres', n. a change of humour or Caracole opinion without reason : a freak. [Fr. capn-ice— It. capriccio ; perh. from L. capra, a she-goat.] Capricious, ka-prish'us, adj. full of caprice: changeable.— o^z/. Capri'ciously.— «. Capri'- ciousness. Capricorn, kap'ri-kom, «. one of the signs of the zodiac, like a horned goat. [L. capricomus — caper, a goat, cornu, a horn.] Capriole, kap'ri-ol, «,, a caper; a leap without advancing. [O. Fr. capriole — It. capriola — L. caper, capra, a goat.] Capsicum, kap'si-kum, «. a tropical plant, from which cayenne pepper is made. [From L. capsa, a case, its berries being contained in pods or capsules — capio, to hold.] Capsize, kap-slz', v.t. to upset. [Ety. dub.] Capstan, kap'stan, n. an upright machine turned by spokes so as to wind upon it a cable which draws something, generally the anchor, on board ship. [Fr. cabesiaji : ety. dub.] Capsular, kap'sul-ar, Capsulary, kap'sul-ar-i, adj. hollow like a capsule : pertaining to a capsule. Capsule, kap'sul, n. the seed-vessel of a plant : a small dish. [Fr. — L. capsula, dim. of capsa, a case — capio, to hold.] Captain, kap'tan or kap'tin, «. a head or chief officer : the commander of a troop of horse, a company of infantry, or a ship : the overseer of a mine. [O. Fr. capitain — h. caput, the head.] Captaincy, kap'tan-si or kap'tin-si, «. the rank or commission of a captain. Caption, kap'shun, «. the act of taking : an arrest. [L. captio — capio, to take.] Captious, kap'shus, adj. ready to catch at faults or take offence : critical : peevish. — adv. Cap'- tiously.— «. Cap'tiousness. [Fr.— L. captiosus — capto, to snatch at.] Captivate, kap'tiv-at, v.t. (lit.) to take or make captive : to charm : to engage the affections. [See Captive.] Captivating, kap'tiv-at-ing, adj. having p6wer to engage the affections. Captive, kap'tiv, «. one taken : a prisoner of war : one kept in bondage. — adj., taken or kept prisoner in war : charmed or subdued by any thing. — n. Captiv'ity. [L. captivus — capio, captits. ] [prize. Captor, kap'tor, n. one who takes a prisoner or a Capture, kap'tur, n. the act of taking : the thing taken : an arrest. — v. t. to take as a prize : to take by force. [Fr. capture — L. captura — capio, to take.] Capuchin, kap-u-shen', n. a Franciscan monk, so called from the hood he wears : a hooded pigeon. [Fr. capucin — It cappucino, a small cowl — Low L. cappa. See Cap, Cape.] Car (old form Carr), kar, «. a light vehicle moved on wheels : a railway carriage : [poetic) a chariot. [Fr. char, O. Fr. car, char — L. camis ; from Celt, car, allied to Lat. currus.'\ Carabine, kar'a-bin, Carbine, karljln, n. a short light musket. [Fr. carabine, O. Fr. calabrin, a carabineer — calabre, a machine for casting stones — Low L. cliadabula — Gr. katabole, over- throw — katahallo — kata, down, and ballo, to throw. The name was transferred to the mus- ket after the invention of gunpowder. ] Carabineer, kar-a-bin-er', Carbineer, kar-bin-er', n. a soldier armed with a carabine. Carack, kar'ak, n. a large ship of burden. [Fr. caraque, Sp. carraca : perh. from Low L. carica, a load — root of Car.] Caracole, kar'a-kOl, n. the ha.\(-t:tm which a horseman makes : a winding stair. — v.i. to tiuii fate, far ; mi, hir ; mine ; mOte ; mOte ; mCSn : then. 61 Carafe Caroild half round, as cavalry in wheeling. [Fr. cara- cole — Sp. caracal, the spir;il shell of a snail — Ar. kaikiirn, to turn.] (Kr. — Sp. garrafa — Ar.] Carafe, ka-raf, «. a water-bottle for the tabic. Carat, kar'at, n. a weight of 4 grains : i-24th part of pure gold. [Fr. — Ar. q^irat — Gr. keration, a seed or bean used as a weight.] Caravan, kar'a-van, «. a company of travellers associated together for security in crossing the deserts in the East : a large close carriage. [Kr. caravaiic — Pers. kAruuAnS^ Caravansary, kar-.a-van'sa-ri. Caravansera, kar- a-van'se-ra, «. a kind of unfurnished inn where caravans stop. [Pers. k&nvihisar&i — kArw&n, caravan, sari/ii, inn.] Caravel, kar'av-el, «. a kind of light sailing vessel. [Fr. — -It. caravella — L. carahits — Gr. karabos, a barque.] Caraway, kar'a-wS, «. a plant with aromatic seeds, used as a tonic and condiment. [Sp. alcaravea — Ar. karviya — Gr. karon.'\ Carbine, Carbineer. See Carabine. Carbolic acid, kar-bol'ik as'id, n. an acid pro- duced from coal-tar, used as a disinfectant. [L. carbo, coal.] Carbon, kar'bon, n. an elementary substance, widely diffused, of which pure charcoal is an example. [Fr. carboue—'L. carbo, coal.] Carbonaceous, kar-bon-a'she-us, Carbonic, kar- bon'ik, adj. pertaining to or composed ol carbon. Carbonari, kar-bon-ar i, ft. members of a secret society in Italy at the beginning of this century. [It. 'charcoal-burneis.'] Carbonate, kar'bon-at, n. a salt formed by the union of carbonic acid with a base. Carbonic, kfir-bon'ik, adj. relating to carbon. Carbonic Acid is an acid formed of carbon and o.xygen, generally g;aseous, and evolved by respiration and combustion. Carboniferous, kar-bon-if'er-us, adj., producing- carbon or coal. [L. carbo, axiA/ero, to produce] Carbonise. kar'bon-Iz, v.t. to tnake into carbon. — n. Carbonisa'tion. Carbuncle, kar'bung-kl, n, a fiery red precious stone : an inflamed ulcer, [L. carbunculus, dim. of carbo, a coal.] Carbuncular, kar-bungTcu-Iar, adj. belonging to or resembling a carbuncle : red : inflamed. Carcanet, kar'ka-net, n. a collar of jewels. [Fr. — Bret, kerchen, the neck.] Carcass, Carcase, kar'kas, n. a dead body or corpse : the framework of anything : a kind of bombshell. [Fr. carcasse, a skeleton — It. car- casso, a quiver, hull, hulk — Low L. tarcasius — Pers. tarkash, a quiver.] Card, kiird, «. a piece of pasteboard marked with figures for playing a game, or with a person's address upon it : a note. [Fr. carte — L. charta, Gr. chartes, paper. Carte is a doublet.] Card, kard, n. an instrument for combing wool or flax. — v.t. to comb wool, &c. [Fr. carde — L. carduus, a thistle.] Cardiac, kar'di-ak, Cardiacal, kar-dl'ak-al, a^., belonging to the heart : cordial, reviving. [L. — Gr. kardiakos — kardia, the heart.] Cardinal, kar'din-al, adj. denoting that on which a thing hinges or depends : principal. — n. a dignitary in the R. C. Church next to the pope. [L. cardinalis — cardo, cardinis, a hinge.] Cardlnalate, kar'din-al-at, Cardlnalship. kar'din- al-ship, n. the office or dignity of a cardinal. Care, kar, «., anxiety, heedfulness: charge, over- sight : the object of anxiety. — v.i. to be anxious : to be inclined : to have regard. [A.S. carjt ; Goth, kara, sorrow. Ice. kara, to lament, Celt car, care : allied to L. cams, dear. ] Careen, ka-ren', v.t. to lay a ship on her side to rep.iir her bottom and keel. [Fr. carhier — rarenc — L. carina, the bottom of a ship, tliekeel.} Careenage, ka-rer.'aj, «. a place where ships are careened : the cost of careening. Career, ka-rer', «. a racecourse : a race : course of action. — v.i. to move or run rapidly. [Fr. carriere—O. Fr. car, a car. See Car.] Careful, kar'fool, adj., full of care : heedful : in B., anxious: in Dan. iii. 16, at a loss, puzzled. —adv. Care'fully.— 7^. Care'fulness. Careless, karles, adj., without care: heedless: unconcerned.— arfz'. Carelessly. — «. Careless- ness. Caress, ka-res', v.t. to treat with affection: to fondle : to embrace. — n. any act or expression of affection. [Fr. caressei — It. carezza, an en- dearment — Low L. caritia — L. cams, dear.] Caret, ka'ret, «. a mark, a, used in writing when a word is left out. [L. caret, there is wanting.] Cargo, kar'go, n. what a ship carries: its load. [Sp. , from Celtic root of Car.] Caricature, kar-i-ka-tur', n, a likeness of anything so exaggerated or distorted as to appear ridicu- lous. — v.t. to turn into ridicule by overdoing a likeness. [It. caricaiura — carricare, to load, from root of Car.] [tures. Caricaturist, kar-i-ka-tur'ist, «., one luho carica- Caries, kari-ez, «., rottenness or decay of a bone. [L.] Cariole, kar'i-ol, «. a light one-horse carriage, used in Norway. [F/. carriole — root of Car.] Carious, ka'ri-us, adj. affected with caries. Carking, kark'ing, adj. distressing, causing anxiety. [A.S. cearc, care; allied to Care.] Carmelite, kar'mel-It, n. a monk of the order of Mount Canncl, in Syria, in the 12th century: a kind of pear. Carmine, kar'min, «. a criwson colour. [Fr. or Sp. carmin — Sp. carniesin, crimson — Cannes, cochineal — Ar. qirmizi, crimson. Same root as Crimson.] [from L. caro, carnis, flesh] Carnage, kar'naj, ft. slaughter. [Fr. carnage. Carnal, kar'nal, adj., fleshly: sensual: un- spiritual. — adv. Car'nally. [L. car^ialis — caro, carnis, flesh.] CamaliSt, kar'nal-ist, n. a sensualist : a worldling. Carnality, kar-nal'i-ti, It. state of being carnal. Carnation, kar-na'shun, ft. flesh-colour : a flesh- coloured flower. [L. carfiatio, fleshiness.] Camelian, kar-ne'li-an, ft. a corr. of ComeUan, owing to a supposed ety. from cartietis, fleshy. Carnival, kar'ni-val, ft. a feast observed by Roman Catholics just before the fast of Lent : riotous feasting or merriment. [Fr. carftnval — It. carftovale — Low L. carnelevaineft, solace of the flesh — caro, carnis, flesh, and levamen, solace — levare, to lighten.] [animals. CamiTora, kar-niv'o-ra, n.pl. order offlc^h-eatin^ Carnivorous, kar-niv'S-i-us, adj., flesh-eating. [L. caro, carnis, flesh, voro, to eat.] Carol, kar'ol, « a song of joy or praise. — v.i. to sing a carol : to sing or warble. — v.t. to praise or celebrate in song '.—pr.p. carolling ; pa.p. car'olled. [O. Fr. caroU ; It. carola, orig. a ring-dance ; ety. dub., either dim. of L. chorus, a choral dance, or from Bret, koroll, a dance, W. carol, a song — root car, circular motion.] Carotid, ka-rot'id, adj. relating to the two great arteries of the neck. [Gr. karotides — karos, sleep, deep sleep being caused by compression of them.] 62 fate, far ; me, hfir ; mTne ; mSte ; ir^Qte ; miJDn ; Men. Carousal Carousal, kar-owz'al, n. a carouse : a feast. Carouse, kar-ow/, n. a drinking-bout : a noisy revel. — v.i. to hold a drinking-bout: to drink freely and noisily. [O. Fr. carous, Fr. car- rousse — Ger. garaiis, quite out ! — that is, empty the glass.] Carp, karp, v.i. to catch at small faults or errors. — adv. Carpingly. [Ice. karpa. to boast, modi- fied in meaning through likeness to L. carpo, to pluck, deride.] [lang., also Fr. and It.] Carp, karp, «. a fresh-water fish. [In all Teut. Carpenter, kar'pent-er, «. a worker in timber as used in building houses, ships, &c.— «. Car- pentry, kiii'pent-ri, the trade or work of a car- pc.iter. [Fr. charpentier, O. Fr. carpentUr — I.ow L. catpoitarius — carpenUun, a car, from root of Car. ] Carper, karp er, n. one who carps or cavils. Carpet, kar'pet, «. the woven or felted covering of floors, stairs, &c. — v.t. to cover with a carpet : — • pr.p. and «. car'peting ; pa.p. car'peted. [Fr. carpette — Low L. carpeta, a coarse fabric made from rags pulled to pieces — L. carpere, to pluck.] Carriage, kar'ij, «., act or cost of carrying: a vehicle for carrying : behaviour: [B.) baggage. Carrion, kar'i-un, n. the dead and putrid body or flesk of any animal. — adj. relating to, or feeding on, putrid flesh. [Fr. carog>ie — Low L. caronia — L. caro, carttis, flesh.] Carronade, kar-un-ad', «. a short cannon of large bore, first made at Carro>t in Scotland. Carrot, kar'ut, «. an eatable root of a reddish or yellowish colour. [Fr. carotte — L. carota.^ Cari'oty, kar'ut-i, adj., carrot-co\o\i.x^d.. Carry, kar'i, v.t. to convey or bear : to lead or transport : to effect : to behave or demean. — v.i. to convey or propel as a gun : — pr.p. carr'ying ; pa.p. carr'ied. [O. Fr. carier, from root of Car.] Cart, kart, «. a vehicle with two wheels for con- veying heavy loads. — v.t. to convey in a cart. [Celt, cart, dim. of Car.] Cartage, kan'aj, n. the act or cost of carting. Carte, kart, «. a bill of fare : a term in fencing. [Fr. — L. cliarta, Gr. ckartes, paper. See Card.] Carte-blanche (-blansh), «. a -white or blank card, with a signature at the foot, which may be filled up at the pleasure of the receiver : unconditional terms. [Fr. carte, and blancJie, white.] Oarte-de-VlSite, -viz-it', «. a photographic portrait pasted on a small card. Cartel, kar'tel, n. a paper of agreement for ex- change of prisoners. [Fr. cartel — It. cartello, dim. from root of Carte.] Carter, kart'er, 71. one who drives a cart. Cartesian, kar-te'zhi-an, adj. relating to the French philosopher i?^i Cartes, or his philosophy. Cartilage, kayti-laj, «. a tough, elastic substance, softer than bone : gristle. [Fr. — L. cartilago, ety. of which is doubtful.] Cartilaginous, kar-ti-laj'in-us, adj. pertaining to or consisting of cartilage : gristly. Cartoon, kar-toon', n. a preparatory drawing on strong paper, to be transferred to frescoes, tapes- try', &c. : any large sketch or design on paper. [Fr. carton{lt. cartofie), augmentative of Carte.] Cartouche, kar-tot5sh', «. a case for holding car- tridges : a case containing bullets to be dis- charged from a mortar: (arc/t.) an ornament resembling a scroll of paper with the ends rolled up. [Fr.— It. cartoccio—L,. ckarta, paper.] Cartridge, kar'trij, n. ^ paper cz.%q containing the charge for a gun. [Corruption of CartoUChe. ] Cartulary, kar'tu-lar-i, «. a register-book of a monasterj', &c. : one who kept the records. Cast [Low L. cartularium — ckariula, a document— ckarta, paper.] Carve, karv, v.t., to cut into forms, devices, &c. : to make or shape by cutting : to cut up (meat) into slices or pieces : to apportion or distribute. — v.i. to exercise the trade of a sculptor. [A. S. ceor/an, to cut, to hew; Dut. kerven, Ger. kerhen, to notch. See Grave.] Carver, karv'er, >i. one who carves : a sculptor. Caryates, kar-i-5t'ez, Caryatides, kar-i-at'i-dez, n.pl. (arch.) figures of women used instead of columns for supporters. [L. Caryates, Gr. Karyatidcs, the women of Caryce, a town in Arcadia.] Cascade, kas-kSd', «. a vfz\er/all. [Fr. cascade- It. cascata, {vomcascare, 'L. cado,casics, to fall.] Case, kas, n. a covering, box, or sheath. [Fr. caisse, O. Fr. casse — L. capsa, from capio, to receive.] Case, kas, v.t. to put in a case or box. Case, kas, «. that which /alls or happefis, event : particular state or condition : subject of question or inquiry: statement of facts: {grain.) the inflection of nouns, &c. [Fr. cos — L. casus, from cado, to fall.] Casein, Caseine, ka'se-in, n. an organic substance, contained in milk and cheese. [Fr. — L. caseus, cheese.] Casemate, kas'mat, «. a bomb-proof chamber or battery in which cannon may be placed to be fired through embrasures. [Fr. ; ety. dub.] Casement, kas'ment, n. the case or frame of a window : a window that opens on hinges : a hollow moulding. Cash, kash, n. coin or money : ready-money. — ■ v.t. to turn into or exchange for money: to pay money for. [A doublet of Case, a box — O. Fr. casse, a bo.x or till.] Cashier, kash-er', 71. a C(jjA-keeper : one wjio has charge of the receiving and paying of money. Cashier, kash-er', v.t. to dismiss from a post in disgrace : to discard or put away. [Ger. cassi- re7i — Fr. casser — L. cassare — cassus, void, empty.] Cashmere, kash'mer, 71. a rich kind of shawl, first made at Cashmere, in India. Casino, kas-e'no, «. a room for public dancing. [It. ; from L. casa, a cottage.] Cask, kask, 71. a hollow round vessel for holding liquor, made of staves bound with hoops. [Fr. casque, Sp. casco, skull, helmet, cask.] Casket, kask'et, «., a little cask or case : a small case for holding jewels, &c. Casque, Cask, kask, «. a cover for the head : a nelmet. [A doublet of Cask.] Cassia, kash'ya, «. a species of laurel-tree whose bark is cut off an account of its aromatic quali- ties : wild cinnamon : the senna-tree. [L. cassia — Gr. kasia ; from a Heb. root, to cut.] Cassimere, kas-i-mer' (also spelled Kerseymere), «. a twilled cloth of the finest wools. [Corr. of Cashmere.] Cassock, kas'ok, 71. a vestment worn by clergymen under the gown or surplice. [Fr. casague — It. casacca — L. casa, a cottage, a covering.] Cassowary, kas'o-war-i, n. an ostrich-like bird, found m the E. Indies. [Malay kassuwaris.] Cast, kast, v.t., to throw or Jling; to throw down : to throw together or reckon : to mould or shape.— ».?■. to warp:— /«.;". and pa.p. cast.— «. act of casting : a throw : the thing thrown : the distance thrown : a motion, turn, or squint, as of the eye : a chance : a mould ; the form received from a mould : manner : the assignment of the fate, far : me, her : mine ; mote : mute ; moon ; then. G?. Castaway various parts of a play to the several actors : the company of actors to whom such have been assigned. [Scan. ; as Ice. kas/a, to throw.] [cast. Castaway, kast'a-wa, «., one cast away, an out- Ca.ste, k.ist, H. one of the classes into which society in India is divided : any class of society which keeps itself apart from the rest. [A name given by the Port, to the classes of people in India, Port casta, breed, race — L. casius, pure, unmixed.] [cast/e. Castellan, kas'tel-an, «. governor or captain of a Castellated, kas'tel-at-ed, adj. having turrets and battlements like a castle. [L. castellatiis.\ Caster, kast'er, «. a small wheel on the legs of furniture. — in//, small cruets. Castigate, kas'tig-at, v.t., to c/tastise: to correct: to punish with stripes. [L. castigo, castigattts, from casius, pure.] Castlgation, kas-tig-a'shun, «. act of castigating : chastisement: punishment. Castigator, kas'tig-at-or, n. one who castigates. Casting, kast'ing, «. act of casting or moulding : that which is cast : a mould. Cast-iron. See under Iron. Castle, kas'l, n. a fortified Iwuse ox fortress : the residence of a prince or nobleman. [A.S. castel — L. casteihtm, dim. of castriau, a fortified place : from root skad, as E. shade.] Castor, kas'tor, n. the beaver : a hat made of its fur. [L., Gr. kastor ; cf. Sans, kasturi, musk.] Castor-Oll, kas'tor-oil, n. a medicinal oil obtained from a tropical plant, the Ricimis conimiinis. [Ety. dub.] Castrate, kas'trat, v.t. to deprive of the power of generation, to geld : to take from or render im- perfect— «. Castra'tion. [L. castrare.] Casual, kazh'u-al, adj. accidental : unforeseen : occasional. [L. casualis — casus. See Case.] Casualty, kazh'u-al-ti, «., that which falls out: an accident : a misfortune. Casuist, kazh'u-ist, n. one who studies and resolves cases of conscience. Casuistic, kazh-u-ist'ik, Casuistical, kazh-a-ist'ik- al, adj. relating to cases of conscience. Casuistry, kazh'u-ist-ri, n. the science or doctrine of cases of conscience. Cat, kat, «. a common domestic animal. [In Teut., Celt, Slav., Ar., Turk., and Late L.] Cataclysm, kat'a-klizm, K. a flood of water : a deluge. [Gr. kataklysmos — kata, downward, klyzein, to wash or dash.] Catacoml), kat'a-kom, «. a hollow or cave under- ground used as a burial-place. [It. catacomba, Low L. catacumba — Gr. kata, downward, and kymbe, a hollow, akin to W. cwm, a hollow.] Catafalque, kat-a-falk', n. a temporary structure of carpentry representing a tomb or cenotaph : a tomb of state. [Fr. — It. catafalco — Sp. catar, to see. 2n\Afalco, from the Ger. root of Balcony. Scaffold is a doublet through Fr. ^chafaitd.] Catalepsy, kat'a-lep-si, «. a disease that seizes suddenly. — adj. Oatalep'tiC. [Gr., from kata, down, lainband, lepsomai, to seize.] Catalogue, kat'a-log, «. a list of names, books, &c. — v.t. to put in a catalogue: — pr.p. cat'a- loguing ; pa.p. cat'alogued. [Fr. — Late Lat. — Gr., from kata, down, logos, a counting.] Catamaran, kat-a-ma-ran', «. a raft of three trees, used by the natives of India and Brazil. [Tamul ' tied logs.'] Catapult, kat'a-pult, «. anciently a machine for throwingstonss, arrows, &c. ; an instrument used by boys for throwing small stones. [L. catapulta — Gr. katapeltes—kata, Aown, pallo, to throw.] Cathedral Cataract, kat'a-rakl, n. a great waterfall ; a dis- ease of the eye which comes on as if a veil fell before the eyes. [Gr. kata, down, arasso, to dasli, to rush.] Catarrh, kat-ar', «. a discharge of fluid from a mucous membrane, especially of the nose, caused by cold in the head : the cold itself. — adj. Catarrh' al. [L. catarrhtis, Gr. katarrhoos — kata, down, rJico, to flow.] Catastrophe, kat-as'trS-fe, «., an overturning : a final event: an unfortunate conclusion : a cala- mity. [Gr. kata, down, stre/>hd, to turn.] Catcal, Catcall, kat'kawl, «. a squeaking instru- ment used in theatres to condemn plays. Catch, kach, V. t. , to take hold of: to seize rf ter pursuit : to trap or insnare : to take a disease by infection. — v.i. to be contagious: — pa.t. and ^a.p. caught (kawt). — n. seizure : anything that seizes or holds : that which is caught : a sudden advantage taken : a song the parts of which are caught up by different voices. [A doublet of Chase, from O. Fr. cachier — L. captiare for captare, inten. of capere, to take. See Chase.] Catchpenny, kach'pen-i, «. any worthless thing, esp. a publication, intended merely to gain money. Catchpoll, kach'pol, n. a constable. Catchup, kach'up. Catsup, kat'sup, Ketchup, kech'up, n. a liquor extracted from mushrooms, &c., used as a sauce. [Prob. of E. Indian origin.] Catchword, kach'wurd, n. among actors, the last word of the preceding speaker : the first word of a page given at the bottom of the preceding page. Catechetic, kat-e-ket'ik. Catechetical, kat-e- ket'ik-al, adj., relating to a catechism. — culv. Catechet'ically. Catechise, kat'e-klz, v.t. to instruct by question and answer : to question : to examme. — 71. Cat'echiser. [Gr. katechizd, katecheo, to din into the ears — kata, down, eched, to sound.] Catechism, kat'e-kizm, ». a book containing a summary of principles in the form of questions and answers. Catechist, kat'e-kist, n. one who catechises. Catechumen, kat-e-ka'men, «. one who is being taught the rudiments of Christianity. [Gr. kate- choutnenos, being taught, p. of katecheo, to teach.] [lute : without exception. Categorical, kat-e-gor'ik-al, adj. positive : abso- Category, kat'e-gor-i, n. , what may be affirtned of a class : a class or order. [Gr. kategoria — kata, down, against, agoreuo, to harangue, declare.] Cater, ka'ter, v.i. to provide food, entertainment, &c.—n. Ca'terer. [Lit. to act as a cater, the word being orig. a substantive, and spelled catour — O. Fr. acat (Fr. achat), a purchase — Low L. accaptare, to buy — L. ad, to, captare, intensive of capere, to take.] Caterpillar, kat'er-pil-ar, n. a grub that lives upon the leaves of plants. [O. Fr. chattepeleuse, a hairy cat — chatte, a she-cat, peleuse = Lat. pilosus, hairy.] _ [cats. Caterwaul, kat'er-wawl, v.i. to make a noise like Gates, katz, n.pl. dainty food. [O. E. acates — root of Cater.] Catgut, kat'gut, n. a kind of cord made from the intestines of animals, and used as strings for musical instruments. Cathartic, kath-art'ik, Cathartical, kath-art'- ik-al, adj. having the power of cleansing the stomach and bowels : purgative. [Gr. kathar- tikos, fit for cleansing, from katharos, clean.] Cathartic, kath-art'ik, «. a purgative medicine. Cathedral, kath-edral, «. the principal church of 64 fate, far : me. her ; mine ; mSte : mute ; mfRin ; i/ien. I Cathollo a diocese, in which is the seat or throne of a bishop. — adj. belonging to a cathedral. [L. cathedra — Gr. kathedra, a seat.] Catholic, kath'ol-ik, adj., universal: general, embracing the whole body of Christians : liberal, the opp. of exclusive : the name claimed by its adherents for the Church of Rome as the representative of the church founded by Christ and his apostles : relating to the Roman Catholics. — «. an adherent of the Roman Catholic Church. [Gr. katholikos, universal— kata, throughout, holos, the whole] Catholicism, ka-thol'i-sizm. Catholicity, kath-ol- is'it-i, «., universality : liberality or breadth of view : the tenets of the R. Catholic Church. Catkin, katTcin, «. a loose cluster of flowers like a cat's tail growing on certain trees, as hazels, &c. [Cat, and dim. suffix -kin.'\ [nine lashes. Cat-O'-nlne-tailS, kat'-S-nln'-talz, «. a whip with Catoptric, kat-op'trik, adj. relating to catoptrics, or vision by reflection. [Gr., from katoptron, a mirror — kata, against, optoviai, to see.] Catoptrics, kat-op'triks, musing, the part of optics which treats of reflected light. Cat's-paw, kats'-paw, «. the dupe or tool of an- other : (naut.) a light breeze. [From the fable of the monkey who used the paws of the cat to draw the roasting chestnuts out of the fire.] Cattle, kat'l, n.pl. beasts of pasture, esp. oxen, bulls, and cows ; sometimes also horses, sheep, &c. [O. Fr. catel, chaiel—'Lo-w L. captale, orig. capital, property in general, then esp. animals — L. capitalis, chief^caput, the head, beasts in early times forming the chief part of property.] Caucus, kawTcus, «. a party combination or meet- ing for influencing elections, esp. in Amer. [Ety. dub. ; perh. acorr. ofcalkers' club, the nickname of a Boston clique about 1760.] Caudal, kaw'dal, adj. pertaining to the tail: having a tail or something like one. [L. cauda.'\ Caudle, kaw'dl, «., a warm drink given to the sick. [O. Fr. cluiudel — Fr. chaud — L. calidus, hot.] Caught, kawt,/a.if. ax\Apa.p. of Catch. Caul, kawl, «. a net or covering for the head : the membrane covering the head of some infants at their birth. [O. Fr. cale, a little cap— Celt. calla. a veil, hood.] Cauldron. See Caldron. Cauliflower, kaw'li-flow-er, n. a variety of cab- bage, the eatable part of which is the flower. [L. caulis, cabbage, and Flower. See Cole.l Caulk. See Calk. Causal, kawz'al, adj. relating to a ca2AJ^ or causes. Causality, kawz-al'it-i, n. the working aiz. cause: {pkren.) the faculty of tracing eflfects to their causes. [the bringing about of an effect. Causation, kawz-a'shun, «., the act of causing: Causative, kawz'a-tiv, adj. producing an effect ; causing. — adv. Caus'atively. Cause, kawz, «. that by or through which any- thing is done : inducement : a legal action. — v.t. to produce : to make to exist : to bring about. [Fr. cause— v.. causa.] Causeless, kawz'les, adj., Jiaving w cause or occasion.— aa^o. Causelessly.— « Causeless- ness. Causeway, kawz'wa. Causey, kawz'e, «. a path- way raised and paved with stone. [O. Fr. caucie, Fr. chaussee—'L. calciata — calx, chalk, because built with mortar.] Caustic, kaws'tik, adj., burning: severe, cutting. — «. a substance that bums or wastes away the flesh. [L. — Gr. kaustikos — kaid, kaitso, to burn.] Celebrate Causticity, kaws-tis'i-ti, n. quality of being caustu. Cauterisation, kaw-ter-iz-a'shun, Cauterlsm, kaw'ter-izm. Cautery, kaw'ter-i, n. a burning with caustics or a hot iron. Cauterise, kaw'ter-Iz, v.t. to bum with a cajistic or a hot iron. [Fr. caut^riser—Gr. kauter, a hot iron — kaid, to burn.] Caution, kawshun, «. heedfulness : security : warning. — v.t. to warn to take care. [Fr. — L. cautio — caveo, to beware.] Cautionary, kaw'shun-ar-i, adj. containing caution : given as a pledge. Cautious, kaw'shus, adj. possessing or using cau- tion : watchful : prudent.— rt«c«<.' blame: reproof. — v.t. to blame: to condemn as wrong. [L. censura, an opinion, a severe ]\xi%- ment—censeo, to estimate or judge.] Census, sen'sus, n. an official enumeration of the inhabitants of a country. [L. census, a register.] Cent, sent, «., a hundred: an American coin =the hundredth part of a dollar. — Per Cent., by tSie hundred. [L. centum, a hundred.] Centage, sent'aj, «. rate by tlie hundred. Cental, sen'tal, n. a weight of loo lbs. proposed for general adoption, legalised in 1878. Centaur, sen'tawr, n. a fabulous monster, half- man half-horse. [L. — Gr. kentauros ; ety. dub.] Centenary, sen'ten-ar-i, «. a hundred: a century or httndred ysa.rs. — adj. pertaining to a hundred. — n. Centena'rian, one a hundred years old. [L. — centeni, a hundred each — centum^ Centennial, sen-ten'i-al, adj. happening once in a hundred years. [Coined from L. centum, and annus, a year.] Centesimal, sen-tes'i-mal, adj., hundredth, —adv. Centes'imally. [L. centesitnus— centum.] Centigrade, sen'ti-grad, adj. having a hundred degrees : divided into a hundred degrees, as the centigrade thermojneter, in which freezing-point is zero and boiling-point is 100°. [L. centum, a.nd gradus, a step, a degree.] Centiped, sen'ti-ped. Centipede, sen'ti-ped, n. an insect with a hundred or a great many feet. [L. centum, Sind pes, pedis, a foot.] Centner, sent'ner, n. a common name on the Con- tinent for a hundredweight. Central, sen'tral, Centric, sen'trik. Centrical, sen'trik-al, adjs., relating to, placed in, or con- taining the centre. — advs. Cen'trally, Cen'- trically. [«. Centralisa'tion, Centralise, sen'tral-Iz, v.t. to draw to a centre.— Centre, Center, sen'ter, «. the middle point of anything: the middle. — v.t. to place on or collect to a centre. — v.i. to be placed in the middle : — pr.p. cen'tring, cen'tering ; pa p. cen'- tred, cen'tered. [Fr. — L. centrum — Gr. kentron, a sharp pomt—kenieo, to prick.] Centrifugal, sen-trif'u-gal, adj. tending to flee from the centre. [L. centrum, and fugio, to flee from.] Centripetal, sen-trip'et-al, adj., tendbig toward the centre. [L. centrum, and peto, to seek.] Centuple, sen'tu-pl, udj., hundredfold. [L. cen^ tuplex — centu-m, and plico, to fold.] Centurion, sen-tu'ri-on, «. among the Romans, the commander of a hundred men. [L. centurio.] Century, sen'tu-ri, n., a hundred, or something consisting of a hundred in number : a hundred years. [L. centitria — centum.] Cephalic, se-fal'ik, adj. belonging to the head, [Gr. kephalikos — kephale, the head.] Ceraceous, se-ra'shus, adj., of or like wax. Ceramic, se-ram'ik, adj., pertaining to pottery. [Gr. keramos, potter's earth, and suffix -ic] Cere, ser, v.t. to cover with wax. — ns. Cere'cloth, Cero'ment, a cloth dipped in melted wax in which to wrap a dead body. [L. con; cog. with Gr. keros, Gael, ceir, beeswax.] w ftte, far; me, her; mine; mOte; mOte; mOQn ; then. Cereal Cereal, se're-al, adj. relating to corn or edible grain. —Cereals, se're-alz, n.pl. the grains used as food, such as wheat, barley, &c. [L. cerealis — Ceres, the goddess of corn or produce.] Cerebellum, ser-e-bel'um, «. the hinder and lower part of the brain. [L. , dim. oi cerebfyim.] Cerebral, ser'e-bral, adj., pertaining to the cere- bru>K.—n. Cerebra'tion, action of the brain, con- scious or unconscious. Cerebrum, ser'e-brum, n. the front and larger part of the brain. [L. cerebmni, the brain, of which cere ^= Gr. kara, the head, M. E. Iiernes, brains, Scot, /lartis.] Ceremonial, ser-e-mO'ni-al, adj. relating to cere- mony. — n. outward form : a system of cere- monies.— a^j'z'. Ceremo'nially. Ceremonious, ser-e-mo'ni-us, adj., JuU of cere- mony : particular in observing forms : precise. — adv. Ceremo'niously.— «. Ceremo'niousness. Ceremony, ser'e-mo-ni, n. a sacred rite : the out- ward form, religious or otherwise. [Fr. — L. ccerimonia, from root kar, to make, do.] Certain, ser'tan or ser'tin, adj. sure : fixed : regu- lar : some : one. — adv. Cer'tainly.— «j. Cer*- tainty, Cei-'titude. [Fr. certain— V,. certits, old part. o{ cerno, to decide.] Certificate, ser-tif'i-kat, «. a written declaration of some fact: a testimonial of character. — v.t. to give a certificate. — «. Certification. [Fr. certijicat — L. certus, zxvA/acio.^ Certify, ser'ti-fl, v.t., to make known as certaiii : to inform : to declare in writing : — pr.p. cer'tify- ing; pa. p. cer'tified. [Fr. certifier — L. certus, anA/acio, to make.] cerulean, se-rSole-an, adj., sky-blue ; dark-blue : sea-green. [L. ccenileus = cceluleus — ccelum, the sky.] Geruse, se'roDs, n. white-lead, the native carbonate of lead. [Fr. — L. cerussa, conn with cera, wax.] Cervical, ser'vi-kal, adj. belonging to the neck, [Fr. — L. cervix, cervicis, the neck.] Cervine, ser'vln, adj. relating to deer. [L. cervus, a stag ; akin to E. hart.} Cesarean, se-za're-an, adj. the Cesarean operation is taking a child out of the body of its mother by ctittiiig. [L. ccedo, ctssjis, to cut.] Cess, ses, «. a tax. — v.t. to impose a tax. [Short- ened from Assess.] Cessation, ses-a'shun, n. a ceasing or stopping : a rest: a pause. [Fr.— L. ; see Cease.] Cession, sesh'un, n. a yielding up. [Fr. — L. ; see Cede.] Cesspool, ses'pool, «., a pool or hollow in which filthy water collects. [Ace. to Skeat, from Celt. soss-pooi, a pool into which foul messes flow. Cf. Scot, soss, a mixed dirty mess.] CestUS, ses'tus, n. the girdle of Venus, which had power to awaken love : an ancient boxing-glove loaded with lead or iron. [L. — Gr. kestos, a girdle.] Cesura. See Cassura. Cetaceous, set-a'shus, adj. belonging to fishes of the whale-kind. [L. cete — Gr. ketos, any sea- monster.] Chace. See Chase. Chafe, chaf, v.t., to make hot by rubbing : to fret or wear by rubbing : to cause to fret or rage. — v.i. to fret or rage- — n. heat caused by rubbing: rage : passion. [Fr. chauffer — L. calefacere — caleo, to be hot, a.nd/acere, to make.] Chafer, chafer, n. a kind of beetle. [A.S. ceafor.] Chaff, chaf, n. the case or covering of grain : empty, worthless matter. — adjs. Chaff'y, Chafif- less. [A.S. cea/: Ger. kaff.] onamois I Chaff, chai; v.t. to banter.—?/. Chairing. [A corn oi cluzfe.] I Chaffer, chafer, v.t, to buy. — v.i. to bargain : to [ haggle about the price. [M.E. chap/are, a j bargain, from A.S. Cfap, price, yhrw, way — a business proceeding. ] ChaflBnch, chafinsh, n. a little song-bird of the finch family [Said to delight in chaff. See Finch.] Chagrin, sha-gren', «. that which wears or gnaws \ the mind : vexation : ill-humour. — v.t. to vex or j annoy. [Fr. cluigj-in, shagreen, rough skin used I for rasping or polishing wood.] Chain, chan, n. a series of links or rings passing through one another : a number of things coming after each other : anything that binds : a measure of loo links, 66 feet long. — v.t. to bind with or as with a chain. [Fr. chaine — L. catena.] Chair, char, n. something to sit do^vn upon : a movable seat for one, with a back to it : the seat or office of one in authority. — v.t. to carry one publicly in triumph. [Fr. chaire — L. cathedra — Gr. kathed?a — kathezomai, to sit down.] Chaise, shaz, «. a light two-wheeled carriage, for two persons, drawn by one horse. [Fr., a Pari- sian pronunciation oi chaire. See Chair.] Chalcedony, kal-sed'o-ni or kal'-, n. a variety of quartz of a milk-and-water colour. — adj. Chal- cedon'iC. [From Clialcedon, in Asia Minor.] ChaldaiC, kal-da'ik, Chaldee, kal'de, adj. relating to Chaldea. Chaldron, chawl'drun, n. a coal-measure holding 36 bushels. [Fr. chaudron. See Caldron.] Chalice, chal'is. «. a C7ip or bowl; a communion- cup. — adj. Chal'iced. [Fr. calice — L. calix, calicis ; Gr. kylix, a cup. Calyx is a different word, but from the same root.] Chalk, chawk, n. the well-known white substance, a carbonate of lime. — v.t. to rub or manure with chalk.— a^'. Chalk'y.— «. Chalk'iness. [A.S. cealc, like Fr. chaux, O. Fr. chaulx, is from L. calx, limestone.] Challenge, chal'enj, v.t. to call on one to settle a matter by fighting or any kind of contest : to claim as one's own : to accuse : to object to. — n. a summons to a contest of any kind : excep- tion to a juror : the demand of a sentry. [O. Fr. chalenge, a dispute, a claim — L. calumnia, a false accusation — calui, caluere, to deceive.] Chalybeate, ka-lib'e-at, adj. containing iron. — n. a water or other liquor containing iron. [Gr. chalyps, chalybos, steel, so called from the Chalybes, a nation in Pontus famous for steel. ] Chamber, cham'ber, n. an apartment : the place where an assembly meets : an assembly or body of men met for some purpose, as a chamber of commerce : a hall of justice : the back end of the bore of a %vca.—adj. ChamTiered. — n. Oham'bering, in B., lewd behaviour. [Fr. chainbre—'L.. camera — Gr. katnara, a vault, a room ; akin to Celt, cam, crooked.] Chamberlain, cham'ber-lan or -lin, «. an over- seer of the private apartments of a monarch or nobleman : treasurer of a corporation. — n. Cham'- berlainship. [O. Fr. chambrelenc ; O. Ger. chamerhng—L. camera, a chamber, and affix ling or lenc = E. ling in hireling,] Chameleon, ka-mel'yun, n. a small lizard famous for changing its colour. [L. cliamceleon—Gx . chamaileofi — chamai {=L. humi), on the ground, lean, a lion — a dwarf-lion.] Chamois, sham'waw or sha-moi', n. a kind 01 goat : a soft kind of leather originally made from its skin. [Fr. — Ger. getnse, a chamois.] fate far: me, her : mine; m6te ; mute; moCn ; ih^n. 67 Chamomile Chamomile. See Camomile. Champ, champ, v.i. to make a snapping noise with the jaws in cliewing. — v.t, to bite or chew. [Older form clumt, from Scand., as in Ice. kiapia, to chatter, kiaptr, the jaw.] Champagne, sham-pan', «. a light sparkling wine from Cliampagne, in France. Champaign, sham-pan', adj., level, open. — w. an open, if^'el country. [A doublet of Campaign, from O. Fr. chatitpaigjie — L. catnfiania, a plain.] Champion, cham'pi-un, «. one who fights in single combat for himself or for another : a successful combatant: a hero.— ?/. Cham'pionship. [Fr. — Low L. camfiio — Low L. campus, a combat — L. campus, a plain, a place for games ; whence also are borrowed A. S. camp, a fight, cempa, a warrior, Ger. kiimp/en, to fight.] Chance, chans, «. that ■w\\\i::\\ falls out or happens: an unexpected event : risk : opportunity : possi- bility of something happening. — v.t. to risk. — v.i. to happen.— «(/;■. happening by chance. [Fr. — Low L. cadentia — L. cado, to fall.] Chancel, chan'sel, n. the part of a church where the altar is placed, formerly inclosed with lat- tices or X3A%. [O. Fr. — L. ca«c^i?/z', lattices.] Chancellor, chan'sel-or, n. the president of a court oi chancery or other court. — «. Chan'cel- lorship. [Fr. chancelier — Low L. cancellarius, orig. an officer that had charge of records, and stood near the cancelli (L.), the crossbars that surrounded the judgment-seat] Chance-medley, chans'-med-li, n. the killing of a person by chance or in self-defence. \Chance, a ccrruption of Fr. chaude, hot, viSUe, fray, fight.] Chancery, chan'ser-i, n. the highest court of justice next to the parliament, presided over by the Lord High Chancellor. [Fr. chancellerie.] Chandelier, shan-de-ler', n. a frame with branches for holding lights. [Fr. — Low L. catidelaria, a candlestick — L. candela, a candle.] Chandler, chand'ler, «. orig. a ca?idle maker and dealer : a dealer generally. [Fr. chandelier.] Chandlery, chand'ler-i, «. goods sold by a chandler. Change, chanj, v.i. to alter or make difFerent : to put or give one thing or person for another : to make to pass from one state to another. — v.i. to suffer change.— «. alteration or variation of any kind : a shift : variety : small coin : also used as a short term for the Exchange. [Fr. changer — Late L. catnbiare — L. canibire, to barter.] Changeable, chanj'a-bl, adj. subject or prone to change : fickle : inconstant. — oiiv. Change'ahly. — K. Change'ableness. Changeful, chanj'fool, ad/., full of change: changeable. — adv. Cbange'fuUy. — n. Change'- fulness. [constant. Changeless, chanjies, adj., without change: Changeling, chSnj'ling, «. a child taken or left in place of another : one apt to change. Channel, chan'el, 71. the bed of a stream of water : the deeper part of a strait, bay, or har- bour : a strait or narrow sea : means of passing or conveying. [O. Fr. chanel or canel—h. canalis.] Chant, chant, v.t., to sing: to celebrate in song; to recite in a singing manner.— «. S07ig: melody : a kind of sacred music, in which prose is sung. [Fr. chanter (It. cantare) — L. canto— cano, to sing.] Chanter, chant' er, «., one who chants: a chief singer : the tenor or treble pipe of a bagpipe. Chanticleer, chant'i-kler, «. a cock. [M.E. c/taunte-cleer, from Chant and Clear.] _ Chantry, chant'ri, n. an endowed chapel in which Character masses are chanted for the souls of the donors or others. [O. Fr. chanterie— chanter, to sing.] Chaos, ka'os, «. a confused, shapeless mass : dis- order : the state of matter before it was reduced to order by the Creator. [L. and Gr. chaos— root ha, to gape, seen also in Gr. chaino, chad, to gape, to yawn.] [disordered. Chaotic, ka-ot'ik, adj., like chaos: confused or Chap, chap or chop, v.t., to cut: to cleave, split, or crack. — v.i. to crack or open in slits :^pr.p. chapp'ing ; pa.p. chapped', chapt. [E. ; Dut. happen, Dan. kappe, to cut. See Chip.] Chap, chap, Chop, chop, n. a cleft, crack, or chink. Chaphook, chap'book, n. a small kind of book or tr.nct, at one time carried about for sale by chapmen. Chapel, chap 'el, n. place of worship inferior or sub- ordinate to a regular church, or attached to a palace or a private dwelling : a dissenters' place of worship. [Fr. cliapelle, O. Fr. capele—how L. capella, dim. of capa, a cloak or cope : such a small cope was kept in the palaces 01 kings on vhich to administer oaths ; the name was transferred to the sanctuary where the capella was kept, and hence to any sanctuary containing relics. — Littre.] [chapel Chapelry, chap'el-ri, n. the jurisdiction of a Chaperon, shap'e-ron, n. a kind of hood or cap : one who attends a lady in public places as a protector. — v.t. to attend a lady to public places. [Fr., a large hood or head-dress, and hence a person who affords protection like a hood — chape, a hooded cloak — Low L. cappa. See Cape.] Chap-faUen, chap-fawln. Same as Chop-fallen. Chapiter, chap'i-ter, ft. the head or capital of a column. [Fr. chapitel — Low L. capitellum, dim. of L. caput, the head.] Chaplain, chap'lan or chap'lin, n. a clergyman attached to a ship of war, a regiment, a public institution, or family. — ns. Chaplaincy, Chap'- lainship. [Fr. chapelain — Low L. capellatius — capella. See Chapel.] Chaplet, chap'let, n. a garland or wreath for the head : a rosary. [Fr. chapelet, dim. of O. Fr. chapel, a hat — Low L. capa, a cape.] Chapman, chap'man, ft. one who buys or sells : a dealer. [A. S. ceap-man — ceap, trade, and man. See Cheap.] Chaps, chaps, fi.pl. the jaws. [N. E. and Scot. c hafts— SiC3.nd., as Ice. kjaptr, the jaw. See Jowl.j Chapt, chapt, pa.p. of Chap. Chapter, chap'ter, «., a head or division of a book : a corporation of clergymen belonging to .a cathedral or collegiate church : an organised branch of some society or fraternity. [Fr. chapitre — L. capittilum, dim. oi caput, the head . ] Char, char, ti. work done by the day : a turn of work : a \oh.—v.i. to work by the day. [A.S. cierr, a turn, space of time — cyrraft, to turn.] Char, char, n. a. red-bellied fish of the salmon kind, found in mountain lakes and rivers. [Ir. and Gael, cear, red, blood-coloured.] Char, char, V. t. to roast or burn until reduced to carbon or coal — pr.p. charr'ing ; pa.p. charred'. [Ety. dub. ; ace. to Skeat, because wood is turned to coal, from Char, a ^«rw of work.] Character, kar'ak-t6r, n, a letter, sign, or figure : the peculiar qualities of a person or thin^ : a description of the qualities of a person or thing : a person with his peculiar qualities. [Fr. car- actere — L. character — Gr. charakter, from charasso, to cut, engrave.] 68 fate, far ; me, her • mine ; mOte ; mute ; mODn ; th&n. Characterise Check Characterise, kar'ak-ter-Tz, 71. t. to give a char- acter to : to describe by peculiar qualities : to distinguish or designate. — ?t. Charactorisa'tlOIl. [Gr. charakterizo.^ Characteristic, kar-ak-ter-is'tik, Characteris- tical, kar-ak-ter-is'tik-al, adj. marking or con- stituting the peculiar nature. — Characteris'tiC, w.that which marks or constitutes the character. —adv. Characteristically. [Gr.] Charade, shar-ad' or -ad', 71. a species of riddle, the subject of which is a word proposed for solution from an enigmatical description of its several syllables and of the whole ; the charade is often acted. [Fr. ; ety. dub.] Charcoal, charTcol, «., coal made by charring or burning wood under turf Charge, charj, 2t.t. to lay on or load: to impose or intrust: to fall upon or attack : to put to the account of: to impute to : to command : to ex- hort. — v.i. to make an onset. — ti. that which is laid on : cost or price : the load of powder, &c. for a gun : attack or onset : care, custody : the object of care : command : exhortation : accusa- tion. [Fr. charger — Low L. carricare, to load — L. carrus, a wagon. See Car, Cargo.] Chargeable, charj'a-bl, adj. liable to be charged: imputable: blamable : in B., burdensome. — n. Charge'ableness.— a^^?/. Charge'ahly. Charger, charj'er, n. a dish capable of holding a heavy charge or quantity : a horse used in c/iarging, a war-horse. Charily, Chariness. See Chary. Chariot, char'i-ot, n. a four-wheeled pleasure or state carriage : a car used in ancient warfare. [Fr., dim. ot char, a car, from root of Car.] Charioteer, char-i-ot-er', «. one who drives a chariot. Charitable, char'i-ta-bl, adj., full of charity : of or relating to charity ; liberal to the poor. — adv. Charitably.— «. Charitableness. ^ Charity, char'i-ti, n. in New Test. , universal love : the disposition to think favourably of others, and do them good : almsgiving. [Fr. charite — L. caritas, from cams, dear.] Charlatan, shar'la-tan, n. a mere talking pre- tender : a quack. [Fr. — It. ciarlatano—ciar- lare, to chatter, an imitative word.] Charlatanry, shar'la-tan-ri, «. the profession of a charlatan ; undue or empty pretension : decep- tion. Charlock, char'lok, «. a plant of the mustard family, with yellow flowers, that grows as a weed in cornfields. [A.S. cerlice — cer, unknown, lie = leek, a plant.] Charm, charm, «. a spell : something thought to possess hidden power or influence : that which can please irresistibly. — v.t. to influence by a charm : to subdue by secret influence : to en- chant : to delight : to allure aiiv. Charm'lngly. [Fr. char>ne — L. carmen, a song.] [delights. Charmer, charm'er, «., one wlw enc/iants or Charnel, char'nel, adj. containing flesh or car- casses. [Fr. cliarnel — L. carnalis — caro, carnis, . flesh.] Charnel-house, cha/nel-hows, n. a. place where the bones of the dead are deposited. Chart, chart, «. a map of a part of the sea, with its coasts, shoals, &c. for the use of sailors. [L. charta, a paper. See Card.] Charter, chart'er, «. a formal written paper, con- ferring or confirming titles, rights, or privileges : a patent: grant: immunity.— z/.^. to establish by charter : to let or hire, as a ship, on contract. [Fr. chartre — L. chartarium, archives — charta.^ Charter-party, chart'er-par-ti, n. a mutual charter or contract for the hire of a vessel. [Fr. cluirtre- partie, {lit.) a. divided charter, as the practice was to divide it in two and give a half to each person.] Chartism, chart'izm, «. the principles of a party who sprung up in Gt. Britain in 1838, and who advocated the people's charter — viz. universal suflrage, &c. Chartist, chart'ist, n. one who supports chartism.. Charwoman, char-woom'an, «. a woman who churs or does odd work by the day. Chary, char'i, adj. sparing : cautious. — adz'. Chartly.— «. Ch^-'iness. [A.S. cearig—ceant, care.] Chase, chas, v. t. to pursue : to hunt : to drive away. — «. pursuit : a hunting : that which is hunted : /round abounding in game. [Fr. chasse. — Low L. caciare — L. capto — capio, to take.] [chase. J Chase, chas, v.t. to incase: to emboss. [See En- Chase, ch5.G. «. a case or frame for holding types : a groove. [Fr. chasse, a shrine, a setting — L. capsa, a chest. See Case.] Chaser, chas'er, «., one who chases: an enchaser. Chasm, kazm, n. a. yawning ox gaping hollow: a gap or opening : a void space. [Gr. chasma, from chaiiio, to gape ; connected with Chaos.] Chaste, chast, adj. modest : refined : virtuous : pure in taste and style. — adv. Chastely. [Fr. chaste — L. castus, pure.] Chasten, chas'n, v.t. to free from faults by punish- ing : hence, to punish : to correct. [Fr. chatter, O. Fr. chastier — L. castigare — castus, pure.] Chasteness, chast'nes. Chastity, chas'ti-ti, «., purity of body, conduct, or language. Chastise, chas-tiz', v.t. to inflict punishment upon for the purpose of correction : to reduce to order or to obedience. — n. Chastisement, chas'tiz- ment. Chasuble, cha/ii-bl, n. the uppermost garment worn by a R. C. priest at mass. [Fr. — Low L. casicbula, L. casula, a mantle, dim. of casa, a hut.] Chat, chat, V. i. to talk idly or familiarly : — pr.p chatting ; pa.p. chatt'ed. — «. familiar, idle talk. [Short for Chatter.] Chateau, sha-to', «. a noblejnan's castle: a country-seat. [Fr., O. Fr. chatel, castel — L. castellum, dim. oi castrum, a fort.] Chattel, chat'l, n. any kind of property which is not freehold. [Doublet of Cattle. ] Chatter, chat'er, v.i. to talk idly or rapidly : to sound as the teeth when one shivers. [From the sound.] Chatty, chat'i, adj., given to chat: talkative. Cheap, chep, adj. low in price : of small value. — adv. Cheaply.— «. Cheap'ness. [Orig. Good cheap, i.e., a good bargain; A.S. ceap, price, a bargain ; A.S. ceapan. Ice. kaupa, Ger. kaufen, to buy ; Scot, coup — all borrowed from L. caupo, a huckster.] [down in price. Cheapen, chep'n, v.t. to make cheap: to beat Cheat, chet, v.t. to deceive and defraud. — «. .i fraud : one who cheats. [A corr. of Escheat, the seizure of such property being looked upon as robbery.] Check, cheic, v.t. to bring to a stand : to restrain or hinder : to rebuke. — «. a term in chess when one party obliges the other either to move or gi;ard his king: anything that checks : a sudden stop : in .5., a rebuke. [Fr. ^chec = Pers. shah, king — (mind your) king \]—v.t. to compare wiih a counterpart or authority in order to ascertain fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; m5te ; mute ; moon ; then. 69 Oheok-book Onleftaiu correctness. — «. a mark put against items in a list : a token : an order for money (usually written Cheque) : any counter-register used as security: a checkered cloth. [From the prac- tice of the Court of Exchequer, where accounts were settled by means of counters on a checkered cloth.] Cbeck-book, chek'-book, n. a bank-book contain- ing blank checks, for the use of persons having accounts with the bank. Checker, Chequer, chek'er, v.t. to form into little squares like a chessboard or cliecker, by lines or stripes of different colours : to variegate or di- versify. — «. a chessboard. [Fr. echiquier, O. Fr. eschequii'r, a chessboard— ^ckec] Checkers, chek'erz, n.pl a game played by two persons on a checkered board ; also called Draughts. Checkmate, chek'mat, «. in chess, a check given to the adversary's king when in a position in which it can neither be protected nor moved out of check, so that the game is finished: a complete check : defeat : overthrow. — v.t. in chess, to make a movement which endc the game: to defeat. [FT.^chccet »iai . Ger. schach- vintt — Pers. shdh ni&t, the king is dead.] Cheek, chek, «. the side of the face below the eye. (A. S. ceace, the cheek, jaw.] Cheep chep, v.i. to chirp, as a young bird. [From the sound, like Chirp.] Cheer, cher, «. that which makes the counteiiatice glad : joy : a shout : kind treatment : entertain- ment : fare. — v.t. to make ihe couitteuance glad : to comfort : to encourage : to applaud. [O. Fr. chiere, the countenance — Low L. cara, the face — Gr. kara, the head, face.] Cheerful, cherfool, akj., full of cheer or good spirits: joyful : lively. — adv. Cheer'fully.— «. Cheer'fulness. Cheerless, cherles, adj., nvithout cheer or com- fort : giiiomy. — «. Cheerlessness. Cheery, cher'i, adj., cheerjul: promoting cheer- fulness.— (W't/. Cheer'ily.— «. Cheer'iness. Cheese, chez, «. the curd of milk pressed into a hard mass. [A. S. cese, cyse, curdled milk ; Ger. kdse ; both from L. caseus ; cf. Gael, caise.^ Cheesecake, chez'kak, «. a cake made of soft curds, sugar, and butter. [cheese. Cheesemonger, chez'mung'ger, n. a dealer in Cheesy, chez'i, adj. having the nature o( c/ieese. Cheetah, che'tah, «. an eastern animal like the leopard, used in hunting. [Hind, chitd.] Chemic, kem'ik, Chemical, kem'i-kal, adj., be- longing to chein stry. — adv. Chem'ically. Chemicals, kem'ik-alz, «.//. substances used for producing chemical effects. Chemise, she-mez', n. a lady's shift. [Fr. chemise — Low L. camisia, a nightgown — Ar. qamis, a shirt.] Chemisette, shem-e-zet', «. an under-garment worn by ladies over the chemise. [Fr., dim. of che>nise.'\ Chemist, kem'ist, ft. one skilled in chemistry. Chemistry, kem'is-tri, formerly Chymistry, n. the science which treats of the properties of sub- stances both elementary and compound, and of the laws of their combination and action one upon another. [From the ancient Alchemy, which see.] Cheque, Chequer. See Check, Checker. Cherish, cher^ish, v.t. to protect and treat with afl'ection. [Fr. chirir, chirissant — cher, dear — L. cants ] , _ [known.J Choroot, she-root', n. a kind of cigar. [Ety. un- Cherry, cher'i, «. a small bright-red stone-fruit : the tree that bears it. — adj. like a cherry in colour : ruddy. [Fr. cerise — Gr. kerasos, a cherry-tree, said to be so named from Cerasus, a town in Pontus, from which the cherry was brought by LucuUus.] Chert, chert, «. a kind of quartz or flint : horn- stone. [Ety. dub.] Cherty, chert'i, adj., like or containing chert. Cherub, cher'ub, «. a celestial spirit: a beautiful child.— /A Cher'ubs, Cher'ubim, Cher'ubims. [Heb. kerub.] Cherubic, che-roob'ik, Cherublcal, che-rOOb'i-kal, adj. pertaining to cherubs : angelic. Chess, ches, ti. a game played by two persons on a board like that used in checkers. [Corr. of Checks, the//, of Check.] Chest, chest, «. a large strong box: the part of the body between the neck and the abdomen. [A.S. cyste, Scot, kist — L. cista~Gr. kiste.] Chestnut, Ohesnut, ches'nut, «. a nut or fruit in- closed in a prickly case : the tree that bears it. — adj. of a chestnut colour, reddish-brown. [M.E. ches/eu-Hut — O. Fr. chastaigne — L. casta- nea — Gr. kastanon, from Castana, in Pontus, where the tree abounded.] Cheval-de-frise, she-val'-de-frez, «. a piece of timber armed with spikes, used to defend a pas- sage or to stop cavalry.—//. Chevaux-de-frise, she-vo'-de-frez. [Fr. cheval, horse, de, of, Frise, Friesland ; a jocular name.] Chevalier, shev-a-ler', «. a cavalier : a knight : a gallant man. lFT.—c/:eval—L. caballus, a horse.] Chew, choO, v.t. to cjit and bruise with the teeth. [A.S. ceowan; Ger. kajten: conn, with Jaw and Chaps.] Chiaro-oscuro, ki-ar'o-os-koo'ro. See Clare- ObSCUre. [pipe for smoking. [Turk.] Chibouk, Chibouque, chi-book', «. a Turkish Chicane; shi-kan', v.i. to use shifts and tricks, to deceive. — n. Chica'nery, trickery or artifice, esp. in legal proceedings. [Fr. chicane, sharp practice at law, through a form zicanum, from Low Gr. tzykanion, a game at mall — Pers. tchaugan.^ Chlccory. See Chicory. Chick, chik. Chicken, chik'en, n. the young of fowls, especially of the hen: a child. [A.S. cicen. a dim. oi cocc, a cock.] Chicken-hearted, chik'en-hart'ed, adj. as timid as a chicketi : cowardly. Chicken-pox, chik'en-poks, «. mild skin-disease, generally attacking children only. Chickling, chik'ling, n. a little chicken. Chickweed, chik'wed, n. a low creeping weed that birds are fond of. Chicory, ChiCCOry, chik'o-ri, «., succory, a carrot- like plant, the root of which when ground is used to adulterate coffee. [Fr. chicoree — L. ciclioriujn, succory — Gr. kichorion.} Chide, chid, v.t. to scold, rebuke, reprove by words : — pr.p. chTd'ing ; pat. chid, (obs. ) chode; pa. p. chid, chidd'en. [A.S. cidan.] Chief, chef, adj., head : principal, highest, first. — n. a /lead or principal person : a leader : the principal part or top of anything. [Fr. clief— L. caput, the head ; Gr. kephale. Sans, kapala.] Chiefly, chef li, adv. in the first place : principally : for the most part. Chieftain, chef'tan or 'tin, n. the head of a clan : a leader or commander. — ns. Chieftaincy, Chieftainship. [From Chief, like Captain, which see.l 70 fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mflte ; mute ; mOOn : then. Chlffonlw chiffonier, shif-on-er', n. an ornamental cupboard. [Fr., a place for rags — chiffoji, a rag.] dllgnon, she-nong', n. an artificial arrangement ■ of hair at the bcick of the head. [Fr., meaning first the nape of the neck, the joints of which are like the links of a chain — ckainoK, the link of a chain — chahie, a chain.] Cbilblain, chil'blan, n. a. 6/ain or sore on hands or feet caused by a chill ox cold. [Chill and Blaxn.] Child, child, «. {pi. Chil'dren), an infant or very young person : one intimately related to one older : a disciple : — //. offspring : descendants : inhabitants. [A.S. cild, from the root gati-, to produce, which yields Ger. kind, a child.] Childbed, chlld'bed, «. the state of a woman brought to bed with child. Chllde, child, «. a title formerly given to the eldest son of a noble, till admission to knight- hood. [Same word as Child.] Chlldenuas-day, chil'der-mas-da, n. an anniver- sary in the Churcf. of Englrnd, called also Innocents' Day, held December 28th, to com- memorate the slaying of the children by Herod. [Child, Mass, and Day.] Childhood, chlld'hood, «., state of being a child. Childish, chlld'ish, adj., a/or like a child: silly: trifling.— ^j^/z>. Childishly.— «. Child'ishness. Childless, chTld'ies, adj., without rhildren. Childlike, chlld'llk, «j, the foot.] Chirp, cherp, Chirrup, chir'up, n. the sharf', shrill sound of certain birds and insects. — v.i. to make such a sound. [From the sound.] Chirurgeon, ki-rur'jun, «. old form of Surgeon. — «. Chirur'gery, now Surgery. —(Z(/7'. Chirur'- glcal, now Surgical. [Fr. chimrgien — Gr. cheirourgos — cheir, the hand, ergots, a work.] Chisel, chiz'el, n. a tool to cut or hollow out, wood, stone, &c. — v.t. to cut, carve, &c. with a chisel: — pr.p. chis'elling ; pa.p. chis'elled. [O. Fr. cisel — Low L. cisellus — L. sicilicula, dim. of s/cilis, a sickle, from seco, to cut.] Chit, chit, n. a baby: a lively or pert young child. [AS. cith, a young tender shoot.] Chitchat, chitchat, n. chatting or idle talk : prattle. [A reduplication of Chat.] Chlvalrlc, shiv'al-rik, Chivalrous, shiVal-rus, adj., pertaining to chivalry: bold: gallant.— adv. Chiv'alrously. Chivalry, shiv'al-ri, n, the usages and qualifica- tions of chevaliers or knights : the system of knighthood : heroic adventures. [Fr. clievalerie — cheval — L. caballus, a horse. See Cavalry.] Chloral, klS'ral, «. a strongly narcotic substance obtained by the action of chlorine on alcohol. [Word formed by combining chlor- in chlorine, and al- in alcohol.} Chloric, klo'rik, adj., of or from chlorine. Chloride, klo'rid, «. a compound of chlorine with some other substance, as potash, soda, &c. Chlorine, klo'rin, «. a. pale-i;reen gas, with a dis- agreeable, suffocating odour. [Gr. chloros, pale- green.] Chlorite, klo'rTt, «. a soft mineral of a greenish colour, with a soapy feeling when handled. Chloroform, klO'ro-form, n. a colourless volatile liquid, much used to induce insensibility. [Orig. a compound of chlorine and formic acid ; Gr. chloros, a.nA formic acid, so called because orig. made from ants, 1... formica, an ant.] Chlorosis, klor-o'sis, n. a medical name f or green- sickness. [Gr. chloros, pale-green.] Chocolate, chok'o-lat, n. a kind of paste made of the pounded seeds of the Cacao t/teobroma : a beverage made by dissolving this paste in hot water. [Sp. chocolate; from Mexican kakahtiatl. See Cacao, Cocoa.] fate, far ; me, h6r ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; mSDn ; //»en. 71 Choice Choice, chois, n. act or power of choosing;: the thing chosen : preference : the preferable or best part. — adj. worthy of being chosen : select. [Fr c/i.'ix — c/tiusir; Ironi root of ChOOSe.J Choir, kwlr, «. a chorus or band of singers, especi- ally those belonging to a church : the part of a church appropriated to the singers : the part of a cathedral separated from the nave by a rail or screen. [Fr. chaur — L. choriis — Gr. choros.'\ Choke, chok, V. t. to throttle : to suffocate : to stop or obstruct. — ii.i. to be choked or suffo- cated. [Ety. dub., prob. from the sound.] Choke-damp, chok'-damp, «. carbonic acid gas, so called by miners from its often causing suffo- cation. Choler, kol'er, «. the lile: anger or irascibility, once supposed to arise from excess of bile. [O. Fr. ckolcre—'L., Gr. clwlera — Gr. chole, bile. Cf. E. GaU.] Cholera, kol'er-a, «. a disease characterised by bilious vomiting and purging. [Gr. cholera — choli-, bile.] [cholera. Choleraic, kol-er-a'ik, adj., of the nature of Choleric, kol'er-ik, adj. full of choler or anger : petulant. Choose, chODr, v.i. to take one thing in preference to another: to select. — v.i. to will or determine : — pa.t. chSse ; pa.p. chos'en. [A.S. ceosan ; cog. with Dut. kiesen, Goth, ki.'san, to choose, and akin to L. gustare, to taste.] Chop, chop, v.t. to cut with a sudden blow: to cut into small pieces. — v.i. to shift suddenly, as the wind -.—pr.p. chopp'ing ; j>a.p. chopped'. [From a Low-Ger. root found in Dut. happen, also in Ger. happen, to cut ; cf. Gr. kopto, from a root skap, to cut.] Chop, chop, n. a piece chopped off, esp. of meat. Chop, chop, v.t. to exchange or barter: to put one thing in place of another : — pr.p. chopp'ing ; pa.p. chopped'. [M. E. copen — O. Dut. koopen, to buy. Same root as Cheap.] Chop, chop, n. the chap or jaw, generally used in //. [See Chaps.] Chop-fallen, chop'-fawln, adj. (lit.) having thechop or [ovftr yaw jallcn down : cast-down : dejected. Chopper, chop'er, «. one who or that which estops. Chopsticks, chop'stiks, n. two small sticks of wood, ivory, &c., used by the Chinese instead of a fork and knife. Choral, ko'ral, adj. belonging to a choriis or choir. Chord, kord, n. the string of a musical instrument : a combination of tones in harmony: (geojn.) a straight line joining the extremities of an arc. [L. chorda — Gr. chorde, an intestine.] Chorister, kor'ist-er, «. a member of a choir. Chorus, ko'rus, n. a band of singers and dancers, esp. in the Greek plays : a company of singers : that which is sung by a chorus : the part of a song in which the company join the singer. [L. chorjis — Gr. chores, orig. a dance in a ring.] Chose, choz, pa. t. and obs. pa.p. of Choose. Chosen, chSz'n, past participle of Choose. Chough, chuf, n. a kind of jackdaw which fre- quents rocky places and the sea-coast. [A.S. ceo: from the cry of the bird — Caw.] Chouse, chows, v.t. to defraud, cheat, or impose upon. — «. one easily cheated : a trick. [Turk. chiaus, a messenger or envoy. A chians sent to England in i6og committed gross frauds upon the Turkish merchants resident in Britain ; hence chouse, to act as this chiaus A\A, to defraud.] Chrism, krizm, n. consecrated or holy oil : unction. [O. Fr. chresnie, Fr. chreme — Gr. chrisma, from chrio, chriid, to anoint. Chuckle Ohrlsmal, kriz'mal, adj., pertaining to chrism. Christ, krist, «. the Anointed, the Messiah. [AS. oist — Gr. Christos — chrio, chrisd, to anoint.] Christen, kris'u, v.t. to baptise in the name of Christ: to give a name to. [A.S. cristnian, to make a Christian.] Christendom, kris'n-dum, K. that part of ^ the world in which Christianity is the received religion: the whole body of Christians. [A.S. Cristendom — cristen, a Christian, dont, rule, sway.] Christian, krist'yan, «. a follower of Christ. — adj. relating to Christ or his religion. — Christian name, the name given when christened, as dis- tinguished from the surname.— (W^V. Christ'ian- like, Christ'lanly. [A.S. cristen— h. Chris- tianus—Gx. Christos.'\ Christianise, krist'yan-Iz, v.t. to Tnake Christian: to convert to Christianity. [Christ. Christianity, kris-ti-an'i-ti, n. the religion of Christmas, kris'mas, n. an annual festival, orig. a mass, in memory of the birth of Christ, held on the 25th of December. [Christ and Mass. ] Chrlstmas-bOZ, kris'mas-boks, n. a 60J1: containing Christmas presents : a Christmas gift. ChriStOlOgy, kris-tol'o-ji, n. that branch of theo- logy which treats of the nature and person of Christ. [Gr. Christos, and logos, a discourse.] Chromatic, kro-mat'ik, adj. relating to colours: coloured : [music) proceeding by semitones. — n.sing. Chromat'iCS, the science of colours. [Gr. chromatikos — chroma, colour.] Chrome, krom, Chromium, krO'mi-um, n. a metal remarkable for the beautiful colours of its com- pounds. — adj. Chrom'lc. [Gr. chroma, colour.] Chronic, kron'ik. Chronical, kron'ik-al, adj. lasting a long time : of a disease, deep-seated or long-continued, as opp. to acute. [L. chronicus, Gr. chronikos — chronos, time.] Chronicle, kron'i-kl, n. a record of events in the order of time: a history. — v.t. to record in history. — n. Chron'lcler, a historian. Chronology, kron-ol'o-ji, n. the science of dates. —adjs. Chronolog'ic, Chronolog'icaL— drff. Chronolog'lcally.— ;ij. Chronol'oger, Chron- Ol'ogist. [Gr. chronos, time, logos, a discourse.] Chronometer, kron-om'e-ter, n. an instrument for measuring time: a watch. — adjs. Chronomet'- rlc, Chronomet'rical. [Gr. chronos, and >netron, a measure.] Chrysalis, kris'a-lis, n. the form, often gold- coloured, assumed by some insects before they become winged. — ■//. Chrysal'ides (i-dez). — adj. Chrys'alid. [Gr. chrysalHs—chrysos, gold.] Chrysanthemiun, kris-an'the-mum, n. [lit.) gold- Jlower: a genus of composite plants to which belong the corn marigold and ox-eye daisy. [Gr. chrysos, gold, anthemon, flower.] Chrysolite, kris'o-llt, «. a stone of a yellowish colour. [Gr. chrysos, and lithos, a stone.] Chrysoprase, kris'o-praz, n. a variety of chal- cedony : {B. ) a yellowish-green stone, nature unknown. [Gr. chrysos, and prason, a leek.] Chuh, chub, n. a small fat river-fish. [Ety. dub., but same root as Chubby.] [Chubb'iness. Chubby, chub'i, adj. short and thick : plump. — n. Chuck, chuk, n. the call of a hen : a word of en- dearment. — v.i. to call as a hen. [From the sound — a variety of Oluck.] Chuck, chuk, v.t. to strike gently, to toss. — n. a slight blow. [Fr. choqtier, to jolt ; allied to E. Shake.] [chickens : to caress. Chuckle, chuk'l, v.t. to call, as a hen does her 79 ffttCi non. ] Cinque, singk, n. the xmmhsr jii'e. [Fr.] Cinque-foil, singk'-foil, n. the Jive-bladed clover. [Fr. cinque, asid/euilie, 1^. folium, Gr. phyllon, a leaf] Cipher, sl'fer, «. (arith.) the character : any of the nine figures : anything of little value : an interweaving of the initials of a name : a secret kind of writing. — v.i. to work at arithmetic. [O. Fr. cifre, Fr. chiffre — Ar. sifr, empty.] Circassian, ser-kash'yan, adj. belonging to Cir- cassia, a country on the north of Mount Cau- casus. Circean, ser-se'an, adj. relating to the fabled Circe, who by magic potions changed her guests into animals : poisonous, delusive, fatal. Circle, serkl, K. a plane figure bounded by 4 line every point of which is equally distant from a point in the middle called the centre : the line which bounds the figure : a ring : a series ending where it began : a company surrounding the principal person. — v.t. to move round : to en- compass. — v.i. to move in a circle. [A. S. circul, from L. circulus, dim. of circus, Gr. kirkos or krikos, a circle ; allied to A. S. hring, a ring- root kar, to move in a circle.] Circlet, serk'let, «. a little circle. Circuit, serTcit, n. the act of moving round: that which encircles : a round made in the exercise of a calling, especially the round made by the judges for holding the courts of law. [Fr. — L. circuitJts — circueo, to go round — circum, round, eo, ittim, to go.] [Circu'itously. Circuitous, ser-ku'it-us, adj. round about. — adv. Circular, ser'ku-lar, adj. round : ending in itself : addressed to a circle of persons. — Circular notes are a kind of bank-note issued for the convenience of travellers. — n. a note sent round to a circle or number of persons. — adv. Cir'CU- larly.— «. Circular'ity. Circulate, ser'ku-lat, V. t. to make to go round as ill a circle: to spread. — v.i. to move round : to be spread about. [L. circulo, circulatus.] Circulation, ser-ku-la'shun, n. the act of moving iti a circle, or of going and returning : the money in use at any time in a country. Circulatory, sSrTcu-la-tor-i, adj, circular: circu- lating. Circumambient, s6r-kum-amb'i-ent, adj., going roundabout: surroiuiding. [L. circum, about, ambio, to go round — ambi, Gr. amj>hi, around, and eo, to go.] fste, fir: xn?.. h4r : mine; mote; inOte: toOBe; tt'uvs. Olroumambulate Oiroumambulate, s6r-kum-am'bul-rit, v.i. \awalk round about.— n. Circumambula'tlon. [L. anthilo, amlmlatus, to walk.] Circumcise, ser'kum-slz, v.t. to cut off the fore- skin acconliiig to the Jewish law. [L. circuni- citio, circ:<»icisiis — ctrdo, to cut.] Circumcision, ser-kum-sizh'un, n. the act of cir- cumcising. Circumference, ser-kum'fer-ens, n. the boundary- line of any round body : the line surrounding anything.— arf/'. Circumferen'tiaL [h./ero, to carry.] [circiini/lex. Clrcumflect, serTcum-flekt, v.t. to mark with a Circiunflex, ser'kum-fleks, «. an accent (a) denot- ing a rising and /ailing of the voice on a vowel or syllable. [L,. JIecto,_/!exns, to bend.] Circumfluent, ser-kum'floo-ent, adj., flowing rojtiid about. [L. fluens,fluentis, flowing.] Circumfuse, ser-kutn-fuz', v.t. to pour arojtnd. — ji. Circumfu'slon. ['L./undo,/us7ts, to pour.] Circumjacent, ser-kum-ja'sent, adj., lynground: bordering on every side. \_i^. jacefis, lying — jaceo, to lie.] Circumlocution, ser-kum-lo-kij'shun, «., round- about speaking: a manner of expression in which more words are used than are necessary. — adj. CircumlOC'utory. [L. loguor, loc^itus, to speak.] Circumnavigate, ser-kum-naVi-gat, v.t. to sail round.— ji. Clrcumnavlga'tion. [See Navi- gate. ] \wlio sails round. Circumnavigator, ser-kum-nav'i-gat-or, n., one Circumscribe, ser-kum-skrib', v.t. to draw a line round : to inclose within certain limits. [L. scribo, to write.] [tion : the line that limits. Circumscription, ser-kum-skrip'shun, n. limita- Circumspect, ser'kum-spekt, adj., looking round on all sides watchfully: cautious: prudent. — adv. Circumspectly.—?/. Cir'cumspectness. [L. specie, sfiectutn, to look.] Circumspection, ser-kum-spek'shun, n. watch- fulness : caution. Circumstance, serTcum-stans, «. something at- tendant upon another thing : an accident or event.—//, the state of one's affairs. [L. stans, stantis, standing — sto, to stand.] Circumstantial, ser-kum-stan'shal, adj. consisting of details: mxnwte.— adv. Circumstan'tially.— Circumstantial evidence, evidence not positive or direct, but which is gathered indirectly from the circumstances of a case. [dentals. Circumstantials, ser-kum-stan'shals, n.pl. inci- Circumstantiate, ser-kum-stan'shi-at, v.t. to prove by circumstances : to describe exactly. Circumvallation, ser-kum-val-a'shun, 71. a sur- rou>tding with a wall: a wall or fortification surrounding a town or fort. [L. va.luiii, an earthen rampart or wall.] Circumvent, ser-kum-vent', v.t. to come round or outwit a person : to deceive orcheat. — «. Cir- cumven'tion. [L. venio, to come] Circumventive, ser-kum-vent'iv, adj. deceiving by artifices. Circumvolution, ser-kum-vol-u'shun, n. a turning or rolling round : anything winding or sinuous. [L. volvo, volutnin, to roll.] Circus, ser'kus, n. a circular building for the exhi- bition of games : a place for the exhibition of feats of horsemanship. [L. circus; cog. with Gr. kirkos, A.S. Iiring. a ring.] Cirrous, sir'us, adj., having a curl or tendril. Cirrus, sir'us, «. the highest form of cloud consist- ing of curling fibres : [hot.) a tendril : [zool.) any curled filament. [L. , curled hair.] Cisalpine, sis-alp'in or -alp'ln, adj., on this side (to Olalrvoyanoe the Romans) of tJie A Ips, that is, on the south side. [L. cis, on this side, and Alpine.] Cist, sist, n. a tomb consisting of a stone chest covered with stone slabs. [See Chest, Cyst. ) Cistern, sis'tem, «. any receptacle for holding water or other liquid : a reservoir. [L. cistema, from cista, a chest.] Cit, sit, «. shortened from citizen, and used as a term of contempt. [See Citizen.] Citadel, sit'a-del, «. a fortress in or near a city. [It. cittadella, dim. oi cittii, a city. See City. J Citation, sl-ta'shun, «. an official summons to appear : the act of quoting : the passage or name quoted. Cite, sTt, v.t. to call or suitimon: to summon to answer in court : to quote : to name. [L cito, to call, intensive of cieo, cio, to make to go, to rouse] Cithern, sithern, Cittern, sit'em, n. a musical in- strument like the guitar. [A.S. cytere—\,. cith- ara - Gr. kithara. A doublet of Guitar. ] Citizen, sit'i-zen, «. an inhabitant of a city : a member of a state : a townsman : a freeman. — n. Cit'izenship, the rights of a citizen. [M.E. citesein — O. Fr. citeain. See City.] Citron, sit'run, n. the fruit of the citron-tree, re- sembling a lemon. [Fr. — L. citrus — Gr. kitron, a citron.] City, sit'i, n. a large town : a town with a corpora- tion. [Fr. cite, a city — L. civitas, the state — civis, a citizen ; akin to L. guies, quiet, E. Hive and Home.] Cives, sivz, n. a plant of the leek and oniott genus growing in tufts. [Fr. cive — L. ccepa, an onion.] Civet, siv'et, n. a perfume obtained from the civet or civet-cat, a small carnivorous animal of N. Africa. [Fr. civette—Kx, zabad.'\ Civic, siv'ik, adj. pertaining to a city or a citizen. [L. civicus — civis.] Civil, siv'il, adj. pertaining to the community; having the refinement of city-bred people : polite : commercial, not military : lay, not eccle- siastical. — Civil engineer, one who plans rail- ways, docks, &c., as opp. to a titilitary engi- neer, or to a mechanical engineer, who makes machines, &c. — Civil list, now embraces only the expenses of the sovereign's household. — Civil service, the paid service of the state, in so far as it is not military or naval. — Civil war, a war between citizens of the same state. — adv. Civilly. [L. civilis — civis.] Civilian, siv-il'yan, n. a professor or student of civil law (not canon law) : one engaged in civil as distinguished from military and other pursuits. [civilised. Civilisation, siv-il-i-za'shun, n. the state of being Civilise, siv'il-Iz, v.t. to reclaim from barbarism: to instruct in arts and refinements. Civility, siv-il'i-ti, «. good-breeding : politeness. Clack, klak, v.i. to make a sudden sharp noise as by striking. — «. a sharp sudden sound frequently repeated. [Fron^ '^e sound.] Clad, k\!Ld,pa.t. SLXiApa.p. of Clothe. Claim, klam, v.t. to call jor: to demand as a right. — n. a demand for something suppo.sed due : right or ground for demanding : the thing claimed. [O. Fr. claimer — L. clatno, to call out, from calo, cog. with Gr. kaleo, to call.] Claimable, klam'a-bl, adj. that may be claimed. Claimant, klam'ant, n. one who makes a claim. Clairvoyance, klar-voi'ans, n. the alleged power of seeing things not present to the senses. [Fr. — clair — L. clartis, clear, and Fr. voir — L. video, to see.] 74 I'ate, far ; me, her ; mine ; m5te ; mute : mOi5n ; th^rx Clairvoyant Clairvoyant, klar-voi'ant, «. one who professes clairvoyance. Clam, klam, v.t. to clog with sticky matter: — pr.p. clamm'ing ; pa.p. clammed'. [A.S. clam, clay ; a variety of lam. Loam.] [nestly. Clamant, klam'ant, Oitj., calling aloud or ear- Clamber, klam'ber, v.i. to climb with difficulty, grasping with the hands and feet. [From root of Clump ; cf. Ger. klamntem — klemnten, to squeeze or hold tightly.] Clammy, klam'i, adj. sticky : moist and adhesive. — ». Clamm'mess. Clamorous, klam'or-us, adj. noisy : boisterous. — • adv. Clam'orously.— «. Clam'orousness. Clamour, klam'or, «. a loud continuous outcry : uproar. — v.i. to cry aloud in demand : to make a loud continuous outcry. [L. clamor.'\ Clamp, klamp, 71. a piece of timber, iron, &c., used to fasten things together or to strengthen any framework. — v.t. to bind with clamps. [From a root, seen in A.S. clom, a bond, Dut. klamp, a clamp, and akin to E. Clip, Climb.] Clan, klan, n. a tribe or collection of families sub- ject to a single chieftain, bearing the same sur- name, and supposed to have a common ancestor : a clique, sect, or body of persons. [Gael, clann, Ir. clann or eland, offspring, tribe.] Clandestine, klan-des'tin, adj., concealed or kid- den: private: unlawful: sly. — adv. Clandes- tinely. [L. clandestinus — clam, secretly, from root kal, seen also in celo, to conceal.] Clang, klang, v.i. to produce a sharp ringing sound. — v.t. to cause to clang. — n. a sharp, ringing sound, like that made by metallic sub- stances struck together. [L. clango ; Ger. klang: formed from the sound.] Clangour, klang' gur, n. a clatzg : a sharp, shrill, harsh sound. [L. clangor. '\ Clank, klangk, «. a sharp sound, less prolonged than a clang, such as is made by a chain. — v.t. or V. i. to make or cause a clank. Clannish, klan'ish, adj. closely united like the members of a clan. — adv. Clannlshly. — n. Clann'islmess. [under a chieftain. Clanship, klan'ship, n. association of families Clansman, klanz'man, «. a member of a clan. Clap, klap, n. the noise made by the sudden strik- ing together of two things, as the hands : a sud- den act or motion: a burst of sound. — v.t. to strike together so as to make a noise : to thrust or drive together suddenly : to applaud with the hands. — v.i. to strike the hands together: to strike together with noise '.^pr.p. clapp'ing ; pa. p. clapped'. [Ice. klappa, to pat ; Dut. and Ger. klappen: formed from the sound.] Clapper, klap'er, «., one who claps: that which claps, as the tongue of a bell. Clap-trap, klap'-trap, «. a trick to gain applause. Clare-obscure, klar'-ob-skur', Chiaro-oscuro, ki- ar'o-os-koo'ro, «., clear-obscure : light and shade in painting. [Fr. claii — L. clarus, clear, and Fr. obscu7 — L. obscurjes, obscure ; It. chiaro, clear, oscuro, obscure.] Claret, klar'et, n. orig. applied to wines of a light or clear red colour, but now used in England for the dark-red wines of Bordeaux. [Fr. clairet — clair — L. clarus, clear.] [purifies. Clarifier, klar'i-fl-er, ti. that which clarifies or Clarify, klar'i-fi, v.t. to -make clear. — v.i. to be- come clear : — pr.p, clar'ifying ; pa.p. clar'ified. — «. Clarlfica'tion. [L. clarus, clear, and facio, to make.] Clarion, klar'i-on, n. a kind of trumpet whose note is clear and shrill. [Fr. clairon — clair, clear.] Claymore Clarionet, klar'i-on-et. Clarinet, klar'i-net, «. a wind instrument of music, sounded by means of a reed fi.\ed to the mouthpiece. [Fr. clarinette, dim. oi clairon.} Clash, klash, ti. a loud noise, such as is caused by the striking together of weapons : opposition : contradiction. — v.i. to dash noisily together: to meet in opposition : to act in a contrary direc- tion. — z'.t. to strike noisily against. [Formed from the sound, like Ger. and Sw. klaisch.} Clasp, klasp, «. a hook for fastening : an embrace. — v.t. to fasten with a clasp : to inclose and hold in the hand or arras : to embrace : to twine round. [M. E. elapse, from the root of A.S. clyppan, to embrace. See Clip.] Clasper, klasp'er, «., that which clasps: the ten- dril of a plant. Clasp-knife, klasp'-nlf, «. a knife, the blade of which is clasped by, or folds into, the handle. Class, klas, n. a rank or order of persons or things : a number of students or scholars who are taught together : a scientific division or arrangement. — v.t. to form into a class or classes; to arrange methodically. [Fr. classe — L. classis, orig. a rank or order of the Roman people when called together, from a root kal-, seen in L. calare, clatnare, to call, Gr. kaleo, klesis.] Classic, klas'ik. Classical, klas'ik-al, adj. of the highest class or rank, especially in literature : originally and chiefly used of the best Greek and Roman writers : (as opp. to romantic) like in style to the authors of Greece and Rome : chaste : refined. — Class'iCS, n.pl. Greek, Roman, and modern writers of the first rank, or their works. —adv. Class'ically. Classicality, klas ik-al'i-ti, Classicalness, klas'ik- al-nes. n. the quality of being classical. Classification, klas-i-fi-ka'shun, «. act of forming into classes. . Classify, klas'i-fl, v.t. to }nake or form into classes: to arrange: — Pr.p. class'ifying ; pa.p. class'ified. [L. classis, a.nd facio, to make.] Classman, klas'man, «. one who has gained honours of a certain class at the Oxford exami- nations : opp. to passman. Clatter, klat'er, «. a repeated confused rattling noise: a repetition of abrupt, sharp sounds. — v.i. to make rattling sounds : to rattle with the tongue : to talk fast and idly. — v.t. to strike so as to produce a rattling. [Ace. to Skeat, clatter = clacker, a freq. of Clack.] Clause, klawz, 71. a sentence or part of a sentence : an article or part of a contract, will, &c. [Fr. clause — L. clausus — claiido, to shut, inclose.] Clave, klav— did cXescve^past tense of Cleave. Clavicle, klaVi-kl, >t. the collar-bone, so called from its resemblance to a Roman key. [Fr. clavicule — L. ctavicula, dim. oi clavis, a key.] Clavicular, kla-vik'u-lar, adj. pertaining to the clavicle. Claw, klaw, n. ,the hooked nail of a beast or bird : the whole foot of an animal with hooked nails : anything like a claw. — v.t. to scratch or tear as with the claws or nails : to tickle. [A.S. clawu; cog. with Ger. klaue : akin to Cleave, to stick or hold on.] Clay, kla, n. a tenacious ductile earth : earth in general. — v.t. to purify with clay, as sugar. fA.S. clteg: cog. with Dan. klcEg, Dut. klai, Ger. klei; conn, with Clag, Clog, Clew, L. gluten, Gr. glia, glue ; and Glue.] Clayey, klai, adj. consisting ot or like clay. Claymore, kla'morj n. a large sword formerly used by the Scottish Highlanders. [Gael, claid- fate, far : me, her • mine ; mSte : mute • mOSn ; Men, 76 Clean heninh-})tO} — Gael, and Ir. claidheamh, sword, and nior. great : cf. L. gladius, a sword. J Clean, klcn, adj. free from stain or whatever defiles : pure : guiltless : neat. — adv. quite : entirely: cleverly. — v.t. to make clean, or free from dirt.— n. Cleanness. [A.S. cl^ne : W., Gael, glnn, shine, polish; Ger. klein, small.] Cleanly, klen'li, adj. clean in habits or person : pure : mM.—adv. in a cleanly manner.— «. Cleanliness. Cleanse, klenz, v. t. to make clean or pure. Clear, kler, adj. pure, bright, undiramed : free from obstruction or difficulty : plain, distinct : without blemish, defect, drawback, or diminu- tion : conspicuous. — adv. in a cle.ir manner : plainly: wholly: quite. — v.t. to make clear: to free from ob.scurity, obstruction, or guilt : to free, acquit, or vindicate : to leap, or pass by or over : to make profit. — v.i. to become clear: to grow free, bright, or transparent. — «. Clear'ness. [Fr. clair — L. clants, clear, loud.] Clearance, kler'ans, «., act of clearing: a certifi- cate that a ship has been cleared at the custom- house — that is, has satisfied all demands and procured permission to sail. Clearing, kler'ing, 71. a tract of land cleared of wood, &c., for cultivation. Clearing, kler'ing, «. a method by which banks and railway companies clear or arrange certain afi'airs which mutually concern them. — Clear- ing-bouse, a place in London where such clear- ing business is done. [tinctly. Clearly, kler'li, adv., in a clear manner: dis- Cleavage, klev'aj, n. act or manner oi cleaving ox splitting. Cleave, klev, v.t. to divide, to split: to separate with violence. — v.i. to part asunder : to crack : pr.p. deav'ing ; pa. t. clove or cleft -.pa.p. cloVen or cleft. [A. S. cleqfan ; cog. with Ger. klieben. ] Cleave, klev, v.i. to stick or adhere: to unite : — P>r.p. cleav^ing; Z^.^*. cleaved' or clave; pa.p. cleaved'. [A.S. clifian; cog. with Ger. kleben, Dut. kleven. See Clay.] Cleaver, klev'er, «. the person or thing that cleaves: a. butcher's chopper. Clef, kief, «. a character in music which deter- mines the key or position on the scale of the notes that follow it. [Fr., from L. clavis, the root of which is seen also in L. claudere, to shut, Gr. kleis, a key.] Cleft, kleft, in B., Cllft, n. an opening made by cleaving or splitting : a crack, fissure, or chink. Clematis, klem'a-tis, n. a creeping plant, called also virgin's bower and traveller's joy. [Low L. — Gr. klematis — klema, a twig.] Clemency, klem'en-si, n. the quality of being clement : mildness : readiness to forgive. Clement, klem'ent, adj. mild : gentle : kind : merciful. — Clem'ently. [Fr. — L. Clemens.] Clench, klensh. Same as Clinch. Clepsydra, klep'si-dra, n. an instrument used by the Greeks and Romans for measuring time by the trickling of water, as if by stealth, through a very small orifice. [L. — Gr. klepsydra — klepto, klepso, to steal, hydor, water.] Clergy, kler'ji, K. the body of ministers of religion. [Fr. clergi — Low L. clericia ; from Late L. cleri- cus, Gr. klerikos, from Gr. kleros, a lot, then the clergy ; because the Lord was the lot or inherit- ance of the Levites (Deut. xviii. 2), or because the church was the inheritance of the Lord (1 Peter v. 3), the name being thence applied to the clergy.] Clergyman, kler'ji-man, n. one of the clergy, a Clink man regularly ordained to preach the gospel, and administer its ordinances. Cleric, kler'ik. Clerical, kler'ik-al, adj. belonging to the clergy: pertaining to a clerk or writer. Clerk, klark, «. (prig. ) a clergytnan or priest : a scholar : one who reads the responses in the English Church service : in common use, one employed as a writer or assistant in an office. — n. Clerk'ship. [A.S. clerc, a priest— Late L, clericus. See Clergy.] Clever, klev'er, adj. able or dexterous : ingenious : skilfully Aons.—adv. Clev'erly.- «. Clev'er- ness. [Ety. dub.] Clew, kl5o, «. a ball of thread, or the thread in it : a thread that guides through a labyrinth : any- thing that solves a mystery : the corner of a sail. — v.t. to truss or tie up sails to the yards. [A. S. cliwe ; prob. akin to L. glomus, a ball of thread, and globus, a sphere, from root of Cleave, to adhere. See Globe.] Click, klik, «. a short, sharp clack or sound : any- thing that makes such a sound, as a small piece of iron falling into a notched wheel. — v.i. to make a light, sharp sound. [Dim. of Clack.] Client, klT'ent, n. one who employs a lawyer : a dependent, —n. Cli'entshlp. [ Fr. — L. cliens, for cliiens, one who hears or listens (to advice), from clueo, to hear.] Cliff, klif, «. a high steep rock : the steep side of a mountain. [Perh. akin to Climb.] CUft. Same as Cleft. Climacteric, klim-ak'ter-ik or klim-ak-ter'ik, «. a- critical period in human life, in which some great bodily change is supposed to take place, esp. the grand climacteric or sixty-third year. — adjs. CUmac'teric, Climacter'ic, Climacter'- ical. [Gr. klimakter — klimax, a ladder.] Climate, kll'mat, «. the condition of a country or place with regard to temperature, moisture, &c. [Fr. — L. clima, clitnatis — Gr. klima, klimatos, slope — klino, to make to slope, akin to E. Lean.] Climatic, klT-mat'ik, Climatlcal, kll-mat'ik-al, adj. relating to, or limited by a climate. Climatise, klT'ma-tiz, v. t. or v.i. See Acclimatise. Climatology, kll-ma-tol'o-ji, «., the science oj climates, or an investigation of the causes on which the climate of a place depends. [Gr. klima, and logos, discourse.] Climax, kll'maks, n. in Rhetoric, the arranging of the particulars of a portion of discourse so as to rise in strength to the last. [Gr. klimax, a ladder or staircase — from klino, to slope. ] Climb, klTm, v.i. or v.t. to ascend or mount up by clutching with the hands and feet ; to ascend with difficulty. [A.S. climban ; Ger. klimmen; conn, with Clamber and Cleave, to stick.] Clime, klTm, «. a coimtry, region, tract. [A variety of Climate.] Clinch, klinsh, v.t. io fasten or rivet a. nail : to grasp tightly: to settle or confirm. [Causal form of klink, to strike smartly ; Dut. and Ger. klinken, to rivet a bolt.] [argument. Clincher, klinsh'er, n. one that clinches ; a decisive Cling, kling, v.i. to adhere or stick close by wind- ing round: to adhere in interest or affection :— pa.t. and pa. A clung. [A.S. clingan, to shrivel up, to draw together.] Clinic, klin'ik, Clinical, klin'ik-al, adj. pertain- itig to a bed: (med.) applied to instruction given in hospitals ai the bedside of the patient [Gr. klinikos—klini, a bed, from klinS, to recline.] Clink, klingk, «. a ringing sound made by the striking together of sounding bodies. — v.t. to 76 fate, far ; mi, her ; mine : mOte ; mute : mOSn ; /Aen. Ollnker cause to make a ringing sound. — z'.i. to ring or jingle. [A form of Click and Clank.] CUllker, klink'er, «. the cinder or slag formed in furnaces : brick burned so hard that, when struck, it makes a sharp and ringing sound. CUp, klip, v.t. to cut by making the blades of shears meet : to cut off : formerly, to debase the coin by cutting off the edges : — pr.p. clipp'ing ; pa. p. clipped'. [From the root of Ice. klippa, to cut, and allied to A. S. clyppan, to embrace, to draw closely.] Clip, klip, n. the thing clipped off, as the wool that has been shorn off sheep. Clipper, klip'er, n., one that clips: a sharp-built, fast-sailing vessel. Clipping, klip'ing, n. the act of cutting, esp. debasing coin by cutting off the edges : the thing clipped off. Clique, klek, «. a group of persons in union for a purpose : a party or faction : a gang : — used generally in a bad sense. [Fr., prob. from root oi click, and so = a noisy conclave.] Cloak, ClOke, klok, «. a loose outer garment : a covering : that which conceals : a disguise, pre- text. — z/.t. to clothe with a cloak : to cover: to conceal. [Old Fr. cloque — Low L. cloca, a bell, also a horseman's cape, because bell-shaped, from root of Clock.] Clock, klok, n. a machine for measuring time, and which marks the time by the position of its ' hands ' upon the dial-plate, or by the striking of a hammer on a bell. [Word widely diffused, as A.S. clticga, Gael, clog, Ger. glocke, Fr. cloche, and all = a bell ; the root is doubtful.] Clockwork, klok'wurk, «. the ivtrks or ma- chinery of a clock: machinery like that of a clock. Clod, klod, n. a thick round mass or lump, that cleaves or sticks together, especially of earth or turf : the ground : a stupid fellow -.—pr-p. clodd'- ing ; pa. p. clodd'ed. [A later form of Clot.] Clodhopper, klod'hop-er, n. a country-man ; a peasant : a dolt. [Clod and Hopper.] Clodpate, klod'pat. Clodpoll, klod'pol, «. one with a head like a clod, a stupid fellow. [Clod and Pate, Poa] Clog, klog, v.t. to accumulate in a mass and cause a stoppage : to obstruct : to encumber : — pr.p. clogg'ing ; pa.p. clogged'. — n. anything hindering motion : an obstruction : a shoe with a wooden sole. [Akin to Scot, clag, to cover with mud, claggy, sticky ; from root of Clay.] Cloister, klois'ter, «. a covered arcade forming part of a monastic or collegiate establishment : a place of religious retirement, a monastery or nunnery. — v.t. to confine in a cloister : to confine within walls. [O. Fr. cloistre, Fr. cloitre (A. S. clauster)—lj. claustrum — claudo, clausum, to close, to shut.] CloiSteral, klois'ter-al. Cloistral, klois'tral, old form Claustral, klaws'tral, adj. pertaining to or confined to a cloister ; secluded. OloiStered, klois'terd, adj. dwelling in cloisters: solitary : retired from the world. Cloml), iclom, old past tense of Climb. Close, klOs, adj., shut up: with no opening : con- fined, unventilated : narrow : near, in time or place: compact: crowded: hidden: reserved. — adv. in a close manner : nearly : densely. — «. an inclosed place : a small inclosed field : a narrow passage of a street. — adv. Closely. — «. Close'- neSS. [Fr. clos, shut — pa.p. of clvre, from L. claudere, clausus, to shut.] Close, kl6z, vf. to maJce close: to draw together Club .ind unite : to finish. — v.i. to grow together : to come to an end. — n. the manner or time of clos- ing : a pause or stop : the end. Closet, kloz'et, n. a small private room : a recess off a room. — v.t. to shut up in, or take into a closet : to conceal -.—pr.p. clos'eting ; pa.p. clos'eted. [O. Vt. closet, Aim. oi clos. See Close.] Closure, klOz'ur, «. the act of closing ; that which closes. Clot, klot, «. a mass of soft or fluid matter con- creted, as blood.— z".?. to form into clots: to coagulate: — pr.p. clott'ing -.pa.p. clott'ed. [M.E. clot, a clod of earth ; cog. with Ice. klot, a ball, Dan. klode, a globe ; from root of Clew. See Cleave, to stick, adhere.] Cloth, kloth, //. Cloths, «. woven material from which garments or coverings are made : the clerical profession, from their wearing black cloth. [A.S. clath, cloth, clathas, clothes, gar- ments ; Ger. kleid, Ice. klcedi, a garment.] Clothe, VXoth, v.t. to cover with clothes: to pro- vide with clothes: (fig-) to invest, as with a garment -.—pr.p. clOth'ing ; pa. t. and pa.p. clothed' or clad. Clothes, ]s.\othz [colloq. kloz), n.pl. garments or articles of dress. [cloths or clotJies. Clothier, kloM'i-er, «. one who makes or sells Clothing, Woth'\n%, n., clothes : garments. Cloud, klowd, n. a mass of watery vapour floating in the air : (fig.) a great volume of dust or smoke. — v.t. to overspread with clouds: to darken : to stain with dark spots or streaks. — v.i. to become clouded or darkened. [A. S. clud, a hill, then, a cloud, the root idea being a mass or ball. Clod and ClOt are from the same root.] Cloudless, klowd'les, adj. unclouded, in any sense. —adv. Cloudlessly. Cloudlet, klowd'let, n. a little cloud. Cloudy, klowd'i, adj. darkened with, or consisfing oi clouds: obscure: gloomy: stained with dark syot%.— adv. Cloud'ily.— «. Cloud'iness. ClOUgh, kluf, n. a cleft in a rock, or the side of a hill. [A doublet of Cleft ; Scot, cleugh.] Clout, klowt, K. a small piece of cloth : a piece of cloth sewed on clumsily ; a rag. — v.t. to mend with a patch: to mend clumsily. [A.S. cbtt, from W. chvt, a patch.] Clove, klcv, pa.t. of Cleave, to split. Clove, klOv, n. a pungent, aromatic spice, the unexpanded flower-bud (so called from its re- semblance to a nail) of the clove-tree, a native of the Moluccas. [Sp. clavo — L. clavus, a nail.] Cloven, klov'n, pa.p. of Cleave, to divide, or adj. divided : parted. — adjs. Cloven-footed, Cloven- hoofed, having the foot parted or divided. Clove-pink, klov'-pingk, «. the clove gillyflower or carnation pink, which has an odour like that of cloves. Clover, klSv'er, n. a species of grass in which the leaf is divided into three lobes. [A.S. cUe/er. perh. from cleo/an, to cleave.] Clown, klown, n. a rustic or country-fellow : one with the rough manners of a country-man : a fool or buffoon. [Ety. dub.] Clownish, klown'ish, adj. of or like a clown : coarse and awkward : rustic. — adv. ClOWnlShly. — «. Clownishness. Cloy, VkA, .v.t. to fill to loathing: to glut or satiate -.—pr-p. cloy'ing ; pa.p. cloyed'. [O. Fr. cloyer, Fr. clouer, to drive a nail into, to spike or stop, as a gun, from L. clavus, a nail.] Club, klub, n. an association of persons for the promotion of a common object, as literature, politics, pleasure, &c. — v.i. to join togethei fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mSte ; mute ; moon ; then 77 for some common end : to share in a common expense : — pr.p. clubb'iiig ; pei.p. clubbed'. [From root of Clump, a club being a dump of people.] Club, klub, n. a heavy tapering stick, knobby or massy at one end, used to strike with : a cudgel : one of the four suits of cards (called in Sp. basics, cudgels or clubs). [Ice. and Sw. kliibba : same root as Clump.] Club-foot, klub'-foot, n. a short, deformed foot, like a club.— adj. Club'-fOOt'ed. Club-law, klub'-law, 71. government by violence. Club-moss, klub'-mos, «. a moss with scaly leaves and stems like a club. Cluck, kluk, «. the call of a hen to her chickens. — v.i. to make the sound of a hen when calling on her chicken.';. [From the sound, like Dut. klokken, Ger. glucketi, to cluck.] Clue. See Clew. Clump, klump, n. a thick, short, shapeless piece of anything ; a cluster of trees or shrubs. [Prob. E., but cog. with Ger. and Dan. klump, a lump ; from root of O. Ger. klimpfen, to press together, conn. ■v(\'i\\. Clamp, Club.] Clumsy, klum'zi, adj. shapeless : ill-made : awk- ward : ungainly.— iJ^t/. Clum'sily. — «. Clum'si- j uess. [M. E. clutnsen, to be stilif or benumbed ; akin to Clam.] Clling, klung— did cling— /«.;". and pa.p. of Cling. Cluster, klus'ter, n. a number of things of the same kind growing or joined together : a bunch : amass. — 7).i. to grow or gather into clusters. — v.i. to collect into clusters. [A.S. cluster; Ice. klastr, from the root klib, seen in A.S. clifian, to adhere.] Clutch, kluch, v.i. to seize or pyasp. — n. a. grasp or grip : seizure. — ■//. Clutch'es, the hands or paws : cruelty : rapacity. [M. E. cloche, cloke, claw, grasp; Scot, cleik ; from root of A.S. gelcTCcan, to catch, whence Latch.] Clutter, klut'er, a form of Clatter. Clyster, klis'ter, «. a liquid injected into the intestines to wash them out. [Gr. — klyzo, to wash out.] Coacll, koch, n. a large, close, four-wheeled car- riage. — v.t. to carry in a coach. [Fr. cocJie — L. concha, a shell, a boat, a carriage — Gr. kogke, a shell ; or from Hung, koischi.'] Coadjutor, ko-ad-joot'or, n. a fellow-helper or assistant : an associate.-^;;/. Coadjut'rix. — n. Coadjut'orsMp. [L. co, with, adjutor, a helper— «(/, to, juvo, to help.] [coagulated. Coagulable, ko-ag'u-la-bl, adj. capable of being Coagulant, ko-ag'u-lant, n, a substance which causes coagJtlation, as rennet. Coagulate, ko-ag'O-lat, v.t. to make to curdle or congeal. — v.i. to curdle or congeal. — n. Coag^- la'tion.— fl<^'. Coag'ulative. [L. coaguio—co, together, ago, to drive.] Coagulum, ko-ag'u-lum, «. what is coagulated. [L.] Coal, kol, «. a solid, black, combustible substance used for fuel, dug out of the earth. — v.i. to take in coal. [A.S. col, cog. with Ice. kol, Ger. kohle ; conn, with Sw. kylla, to kindle.] Coalesce, kS-fel-es', v.i. to grow together ox unite into one body: to associate. — adj. Coalesc'ent, uniting. [L. coalesce — co, together, and alesco, to grow up, from alo, to nourish.] [union. Coalescence, kO-al-es'ens, 71. act of coalescing: Coalfield, kol'feld, «. a field or district containing coal strata. Coalition, kO-al-ish'un, «. act of coalescing, or uniting into one body : a union or combination of persons, states, &c. into one : alliance. Cochlear:; Coalitionist, k5-al-ish'un-ist, «. one of a coalition. Coaly, kol'i, adj. of or like coal. Coarse, kOrs, adj. rough : rude : uncivil : gross. —adv. Coarsely.— «. Coarse'ness. [Orig. written Course ; from being used in the phrase, ' in course,' it came to mean ordinary, common, place.'] Coast, icOst, «. side or border of land next the sea : the sea-shore : limit or border of a country. — v.i. to sail along or near a coast. — v.t. to sail by or near to. [Fr. cdte for coste—'L. costa^ a rib, side.] [coast. Coaster, kOst'er, n. a vessel that sails along the Coastguard. kOst'giird, 71. a body of men organ- ised to act as a guard along the coast, orig. intended to prevent smuggling. Coastwise, kOst'wIz, adv. along the coast. [Coast and Wise.] Coat, kot, ». a kind of outer garment : the hair or wool of a beast : vesture or habit : any cover- ing : a membrane or layer : the ground on which ensigns armorial are portrayed, usually called a coat of arjns. — v.t. to cover with a coat or Jayer. [Fr. cotte — Low L. cottus, cotta, a tunic ; from root of Ger. kotze, a matted covering : akin to E. cot, a hut.] [flaps. Coatee, kst-e', «. a little coat : a coat with short Coating, kot'ing, 7i. a covering : cloth for coats. Coax, koks, !». i. to persuade by fondling, or flattery : to humour or soothe. — adv. Coax'ingly. [M. E. cokes, a simpleton ; prob. from W. coeg, empty, foolish. See Cog.] Cob, kob, «. a head of maize : a thick strong pony. [W. cob; cf. Dut. Aop, Ger. kopf, the top, head.]. Cobalt, ko'bawlt, «. a brittle, reddish-gray metal, usually found combined with arsenic and other minerals. [Ger. kobalt, from kobold, a demon, a nickname given by the German miners, because they supposed it to be a mischievous and hurtful metal ; from Low L. gobeli7uis — Gr. kobdlos, a goblin.] Cobble, kobl, v.t. to patch up or mend coarsely, as shoes. [O. Fr. cobler, to join together, to tie together; from L, copulo, to join.] [shoes. Cobbler, kobler, «. one who cobbles or mends Coble, kob'l, n. a small fishing-boat. [W. keubal, a hollow trunk, a boat.] Cobra da capello, ko'bra da ka-pel'o, «. a poison- ous snake, native of the East Indies, which dilates the back and sides of the neck so as to resemble a flood. [Port. = snake of the hood.] Cobweb, kob'web, «. the spiders web or net : any snare or device intended to entrap. [A.S. attor- coppa, a spider, lit. poiso7i-head or tuft, from A.S. ator, poison, and coppa = W. cop, a head, tuft.] Cocagne, kok-an', «. the land of cookery or good living : an imaginary country of luxury and de- light. [Fr. cocag/ie ; from L. coquo, to cook.] Cocciferous, kok-sifer-us, adj., berry-bearing. [L. coccus { — Gr. kokkos), a ber/y, 2.^6. fero, to bear.] Cochineal, koch'i-nel, «. a scarlet dye-stuff con- sisting of the dried bodies of certain insects gathered from the cactus plant in Mexico, the W. Indies, &c. [Sp. cochi7iilla, dim. of L. coccinus — Gr. kokkos, a berry, as the cochineal was formerly supposed to be the berry or seed of the plant.] Cochleary, kok'le-ar-i, Cochleate, kok'le-at, Cochleated, kok'le-at-ed, adj., twisted like a snail-shell : spiral. [L. cochlea, snail-shell, screw — Gr. kochlos, a shell-fish with a spiral shell.] iatcfar: me her: mine; m5te ; mute; mSOa- tkno Cock Oock, kok, «. the male of birJs, particularly of the domestic fowl : a weathercock : a strutting chief or leader : anything set erect : a tap for Uquor.— z/./. to set erect or upright : to set up, as the hat— z/.z". to strut : to hold up the head. [A.S. coc, an imitative word.] Cock, kok, n. a small pile of hay. [Swed. koka, a lump of earth ; Dut. kogel, Ger. kugel, a ball.] Cock, kok, «. part of the lock of a gun. [Ital. cocca, a notch, coccare, to put the string of a bow into the notch of the arrow ; this expression was transferred to firearm ; — hence, to put a gun on cock.} Cockade, kok-ad', n. a knot of ribbons or some- thing similar worn on the hat as a badge. [Fr. cocarde — cog, perh. from its likeness to the comb of the cock.] Cockatoo, kok-a-toO', n. a kind of parrot with a crest. [Malay kakatua, formed from its cry.] Cockatrice, kok'a-trls, n. a lizard or serpent ima- gined to be produced from a cock's egg. [The word has nothing to do with cock; the O. Fr. cocatrice meant a crocodile — Low L. cocatrix, a coiT. of Low L. coccdrilhis, a crocodile. See Ci'ocodile.] Cockboat, kok'bot, n. a small hoat. [O. Fr. cogue, Fr. coc/ie, a small boat — L. concka, a shell ; the word boat is superfluous.] Cockcliafer, kok'chaf-er, «. the May-bug, an in- sect of a pitchy-black colour, most destructive to vegetation. , [Ety. dub.] Cocker, kok'er, v.t. [obs.) to pamper, to indulge. Cockle, kok'l, n. a troublesome weed among corn, with a purple flower. [A. S. coccel — Gael, cogat, from cog, a husk, a bowl.] Cockle, kok'l, n. a shell-fish, having two \vrinkled shells, of a heart-shape. [W. cocs, cockles, and Gael, ciiach, a drinking-bowl, dim. cogaii, a small bowl ; compare Fr. coguille — Gr. kong- chylion, kongche, a cockle] Cockloft, kok'loft, n. the room in a house next the roof. [The loft where the cocks roost.] Cockney, kok'ne, «. byname for a native of the city of London.—//. Cock'neys. [Ety. dub.] Coclaieydoni, kok'ne-dum, n. the region or home of Cockneys. Cockneylsm, kok'ne-izm, n. the dialect or manners of a Cockney. Cockpit, kok'pit, «. a. pit or inclosed space where %?ca^e.-cocks fought : a room in a ship-of-war for the wounJed during an action. Cockroach, kok'roch. ». the common black beetle. Cockscomb, koksTcom, n. the contb or crest on a cock's head ; the name of three plants. Cockswain, or Coxswain, kok'swan [collog. kok'sn), «. a seaman who steers a boat, and under the superior officer takes charge of it. [^Cock. a boat, and swain.'\ Cocoa, koTco, n. a beverage made from the ground beans of the cacao or chocolate tree. [A corr. of cacao."} Cocoa, koTco, «. a palm-tree growing in tropical coimtries, and producing the cocoa-nut. [Port, and Sp. coco, a bugbear : applied to the nut from the three marks at the end of it, which form a grotesque face.] Cocoa-nut, or Coco-nut, kSlco-nut, n. the well- known fruit of the cocoa-palm. Cocoon, ko-koon', n. the egg-shaped shell or covering which the larvae of silkworms and some other insects spin. [Fr. cocon, from cogue, a shell — L. concha, a shell.] Cocoonery, ko-koSn'er-i, n. a place for keeping silkworms when feeding and spinning cocoons. Cogitative Ooction, kok'shun, n. the act of boiling. [L. coctio — coguo, to boil, to cook.] Cod, kod, Codfish, kod'fish, n. a species of fish much used as food, found in the northern seas. — Cod-liver Oil, a medicinal oil extracted from the fresh liver of the common cod. [Ety. dub.J Cod, kod, «. a husk, shell, or pod, containing seeds. [A.S. codd, a small bag; Ice. kodui, a cushion.] [boil. [Ety. dub.] Coddle, kod'l, v.t. to pamper; to fondle: to par- Code, kod, n. a collection or digest of laws. [Fr. code — L. codex or caudex, the trunk of a tree, a tablet for writing, a set of tablets, a book.] Codicil, kod'i-sil, 71. a short writing or note added as a supplement to a will. — adj. Codicill'ary. [L. codicillus, dim. oi codex. \ Codify, kod'i-fl, v.t. to put into t/ie /onn of a code : — j>r.p. codifying ; pa.p. cod'ified. — v. Codifica'tion. [L. codex, a code, and facio, to make.] Codling, kod'ling, n. a young cod-fish. Codling, kod'ling, Codlin, kod'lin, n. a hard kind of apple. [Dim of corf, a pod.] Coefficient, ko-ef-fish'ent, 71. that which acts to- gether with another thing: [7>tath.) the number or known quantity prefixed as a multiplier to a variable or unknown quantity. — «. Coeffl'ciency. — adv. Coeffi'ciently. [L. co, together, and Efficient.] Coerce, ko-ers', v.t. to restrain by force : to com- pel. [L. coerceo — co, together, arceo, to shut in, conn, with area, a chest.] Coercible, ko-ers'i-bl, adj. that may be restrained or compelled. — adv. Coerc'ibly. Coercion, ko-er'shun, 71. the act or process of coercing : restraint. Coercive, ko-ers'iv, adj. having power to coerce : compelling.— arfzr. Coerc'ively. Coeval, ko-e'val, adj., of the sa77te age. — ti. pne of the same age. [L. co, together, and eEV7t/7i, age, Gr. aio7i.] [sive. Co-extensive, ko-eks-ten'siv, adj. equally exten- Coffee, kof'e, «. a drink made from the seeds of the coffee-tree, a native of Arabia. [Turk, kahvek — Ar. gahiveh.} Coffer, kof'er, 71. a chest for holding money or treasure [O. Fr. cofre or cofin, a chest — L. cophiims, a basket — Gr. kophinos.} Cofferdam, kof'er-dam, 71. a water-tight barrier or box of timber, placed in the bed of a river, &c., to exclude the water during the progress of some work. [Coffer and Dam.] Coffin, kof'in, 71. the coffer or chest in which a dead body is inclosed. — v.t. to place within a coffin. [The earlier form of Coffer.] Cog, kog, v.t. to cheat or deceive : to cog dice is to load them so that they may fall in a given way. [W. coegio, to make void, to trick — coeg, empty.] Cog, kog, 71. a catch or tooth on a wheel. — v.t. to fix teeth in the rim of a wheel i^pr.p. cogg'ing ; pa.p. cogged'. [Ace. to Skeat from Gael, and Jr. cog, a mill-cog.] Cogency, ko'jen-si, 7t. power of convincing. Cogent, ko'jent, adj., drivi7ig or pressing on the mind: powerful: convincing. — adv. Co'gently. [L. cogo — CO, together, and ago, to drive.] Cogitate, koj'i-tat, v.i. to agitate or t^tr/i a thi7ig over in one's mind ; to meditate : to ponder. [L. cogito, to think deeply — co, together, and agito, to put a thing in motion.] [tatiou. Co^tation, koj-i-ta'shun, n. deep thought : medi- Cogitative, koj'i-ta-tiv, adj. having the power of cogitating or thinking : given to cogitating. fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute : moSn ; then 79 Oognao Co^ao, Oognlac, kOn'vak, «. the best kind oi h rench brandy, so called because much of it is made near the town Cognac. Cognate, kog'nSt, adj., born of tlie same family : related to : of the same kind. [L. cognatus — cO, together, M\& gnascor, griatus, to be bom.] Cognisable, Cognizable, kog'niz-abl or kon'-, adj., tluit may be knoivn or understood : that may be judicially investigated. [O. Fr. cog>ioissable.'\ Cognisance, Cognizance, kog'ni-zans or kon'-, ». , knowledge or notice, judicial or private : obser- vation : jurisdiction : that by which one is known, a badge. [O. Fr. — L. cognosco.] Cognisant, Cognizant, kog'ni-zant or kon'-, adj., haviug cognisance or knowledge of. Cognition, kog-nish'un, «. certain knowledge. [L., from cognosco, cogvitum — ^(7, together, and nosco, gnosco, to know. ] Cognomen, kog-nO'men, «. a surname : the last of the three names of an individual among the Romans, indicating the house or family to which he belonged. [L. — co, together, notnen, gnomen, a name — nosco, gnosco, to know.] Cohabit, kO-hab'it, v.i. to dwell together as hus- band and wife.— «. Cohabita'tlon. [L. cohabito — CO, together, and habito, to dwell.] Cohere, kO-her', v.i. to stick together: to remain in contact : to follow in proper connection. [L. cohareo — co, together, and hcereo, to stick.] Coherence, ko-her'ens. Coherency, kO-her'en-si, n. a sticking together : a consistent connection between several parts. Coherent, ko-her'ent, adj., sticking togeifier : connected : consistent. — adv. Cohef ently. Cohesion, ko-he'zhun, n. the act of sticking to- gether: a form of attraction by which particles of bodies of the same nature stick together : logical connection. [L. colussiis, pa.p. o{coluEreo.'\ Cohesive, kC-he'siv, adj. having the power of cohering: tending to unite into a mass. — adv. Cohe'slvely.— «. Cohe'slveness. Cohort, ko'hort, «. among the Romans, a body of soldiers about 600 in number, forming about a tenth part of a legion : any band of armed men. [Fr. — L. cohors, an inclosed place, a multitude inclosed, a company of soldiers. See Court, Garden, Yard.] Coif, koif, n. a cap or covering for the head. [Fr. coi_ffe — Low L. cofia, a cap, from O. Ger. chuppha, a cap, another form of O. Ger. chuph, a cup (Ger. kop/, the head) : so that coif is a doublet of Cup.] Colfifure, koifur, «. a head-dress. [Fr.] Coign, koin, «. a corner or external angle : a corner-stone : a wedge. [See Coin.] Coll, koil, v.t. to gather together, or wind in rings as a rope, a serpent. — n. one of the rings into which a rope is gathered. [O. Fr. coillir, Fr. ciieilli) — L. colligere — col, together, legere, to gather.] Coin, koin, «. a piece of metal legally stamped and current as money. — v.t. to convert a piece of metal into money : to form, as a medal, by stamping : to make, invent, fabricate. [Fr. coin, coin, also the die to stamp money — L. czmeies, a wedge. Colgn is a doublet.] Coinage, koin'aj, n. the act or art oi coining : the pieces of metal coined : invention, fabrication. Coincide, kO-in-sId', v.i. to /all in ivith, or agree, in opinion : to correspond : to be identical. [L. CO, together, incidere — in, in, cado, to fall.] Coincidence, ko-in'si-dens, Colncldency, ko-in'si- den-si, «. act or condition of coinciding: the occurrence of an event at the same time as Colleague anottier event.— ^tleS3 kum'furt-les, adj. without comfort. Comic, kom'ik. Comical, kom'ik-al, adj. relating to cow£.^j/; raising mirth: <\xo\\.—adv. Com'ic- ally.— «.r. Comicality, Comlcalness Comitia ko-mish'i-a, n. among the Romans, the assemblies of the people for electing magistrates, passing laws, &c. [L.-c-°-ti^—comis,coxixtGov,%\ LjOmity, kom'i-ti, «., courteousness : civility. [L Comma, kom'a, «. in punctuation, the point ( ) which marks the smallest division of a sentence [L. cotnma-Gr. komma, a section of a sentence" from kopto, to cut off.] Command, kom-and', v.t. to order: to bid- to exercise supreme authority over : to have within sight, influence, or control- z/.t. to have chief authority: to govern.— «. an order: authority - message : the abihty to overiook or influence : the thing commanded. [Fr. commande} — L. commendare, to commit to one's charge, to order — com, and niandare, to intrust. ' K doublet of Commend.] Commandant, kom-and-ant', n. an ofiicer who has the coinmand of a place or of a body of troops. Commander, kom-ander, «., ojie who commands: an officer in the navy ne.\-t in rank under a cap- tain.—?/. Command'ersbiu. %l Commanding, kom-and'ing,"a^y. fitted to impress orcontrol.— arfz/. Commandlngly Commandment, kom-and'ment, «. a command: a precept : one of the ten moral laws. Commemorate, kom-em'o-rat, v.t. to call to re- 7nembrance by a solemn or public act.—?/. Com- memora'tion. [L. commemoratus, pap of comtnemorare, to remember— f<7;?/, intensive and memor, mindful.] ' Commemorative, kom-em'o-ra-tiv, adj. tending or serving to cotnviemoraie. Commence, kom-ens', v.i. to begin: to originate: to take rise.— z-.i". to begin: to originate: to enter upon. [Fr. commencer—h. com, and tnitiare, to begin— /?/, into, and eo, to go.] fate, far : me, her : mine ; mute ; mute ; moon : Men. Commencement, Commune Commencement, kom-ens'ment, «. the beginning : the thing begun. Commend, kom-end', v.t. to give into the charge of: to recommend as worthy: to praise. [L. covtmendare, to intrust. See Command.] Commendable, kom-end' a-bl, adj. worthy of being co)!ni!c>tdcd or praised. — adv. Commend'ably. — «. Commend'ableness. Commendation, kom-en-da'shun, «. the act of conimendittg : praise: declaration of esteem. Commendatory, kom-end'a-to-ri, adj.., coi>i)nend- ing : containing praise or commendation : pre- senting to favourable notice or reception. Commensurable, kom-en'su-ra-bl, adj., having a coi>i»io7i measure. — adv. Commen'surably. — 7is. Commensurabil'ity, Commen'surableness. [L. cotn, with, and meiisnra, a measure — nietior, mensiis, to measure.] Commensurate, kom-en'su-rat, adj., of tlie same }>ieasu7-e with : equal in measure or extent : in proportion with. — adv. Commen'surately. — jis. Commen'surateness, Commensura'tion. Comment, kom'ent, }i. a note conveying an illus- tration or explanation : a remark, observation, criticism. — v.t. (or kom-ent*) to make critical or explanatory notes. — >is. Com'mentator, Com'- mentor. [Fr. — L. comtnenior, to reflect upon — com, and the root ment-, L. metis, the Mind.] Commentary, kom'ent-a-ri, n. a cotnment, or a book or body of comments. Commerce, kom'ers, «. interchange of merchand- ise anSi large scale between nations or individuals : extended trade or traffic : intercourse : fellowship. [Fr. commerce — L. cotn^nercuaii — com, with, and merx, mercis, goods, merchandise.] Commercial, kom-er'shal, adj. pertaining to commerce: mercantile. — adv. Commer'cially. Commination, kom-in-a'shun, n. a threat: a recital of God's threatenings made on Ash- Wednesday in the English Church. [L. — com, intensive, and minor, to threaten. See Menace. ] Commlnatory, kom-in'a-tor-i, adj., threatening or denouncmg punishment. Commingle, kom-ing'gl, v.t. to mingle or mix with. [L. com, together, and Mingle.] Comminute, kom'in-ut, v.t. to reduce to minute or small particles.— 71. Commlnu'tion. [I.. commi7iuo, -ut7i77i, to break into pieces — C077t, and i7ti7i7to, to make small— root mitiiis, less.] Commiserate, kom-iz'er-at, v.t. to feel for the miseries of anotlier: to pity. [L. C07tt, with, and 77!iseror, to deplore, from 7/ziser, wretched.] Commiseration, kom-iz-er-a'shun, 71. concern for the suflerings of others: pity. \c07n771issary . Commissarial, kom-is-a'ri-al, adj. pertaining to a Commissariat, kom-is-a'ri-at, n. the department which is charged with the furnishing of pro- visions, as for an army : the body of officers in that department : the office of a commissary. Commissary, kom'is-ar-i n. one to whom any charge is com77iitted: an officer who has the charge of furnishing provisions, &c. to an army. — n. Commlssarysbip. [Low L. comtnissaT^us L. CO>7l77littO, C077t77lisSUS.\ Commission, kom-ish'un, 71., act of C07ntnitti7tg : that which is committed : a writing conferring certain powers : authority : charge or fee to an agent, &c. for transacting business : one or more persons appointed to perform certain duties. — v.t. to give a commission to : to appoint. Commissioner, kom-ish'un-er, n. one who holds a com7nissio7i to perform some business. Commit, kom-it', v.t. to give in charge or trust : to do : to endanger : to pledge -.—pr.p. com- mitt'ing ; pa.p. committ'ed. [L. committo — C0771, with, and 77iitto, to send.] Commitment, kom-it'ment, «., actofco77imitting: an order for sending to prison : imprisonment. Comanittal, kom-it'al, n. commitment : a pledge, actual or implied. Committee, kom-it'e, «. one or more persons to whom some special business is co77i77iitted by a court or assembly or other body of men. Commix, kom-iks', v.t. to 77iix togeilier. — v.i. to mix. [L. co77t, together, and Mix.] Commixture, kom-iks'tur, «., act nf 77iixing tn- gether: the state of being mixed : the mass formed by mixing. Commode, kom-od', «. a small sideboard : a head- dress formerly worn by ladies. [Fr. — L. co7ii- 7nodics, convenient.] Commodious, kom-o'di-us, adj. suitable or con- venient : comfortable. — adv. Commo'diously. — «. Commo'dlousness. [L. co7n>7iodiis {lit.. having the same measure, fitting) — C077i, with, 7/iod7is, measure.] Commodity, kom-od'it-i, «. a convenience, or that which affords it : an article of traffic. [L. cot/i- moditas, from co7n7>zodics.] Commodore, kom'o-dor, «. the cot/imander of a squadron or detachment of ships : the leadvtg ship of a fleet of merchantmen. [Corr. of Sp. co>7iendador — L. cotnTnendo, in late L. to com- mand.] Common, kom'un, adj. belonging equally to more than one : public : general : usual : frequent : easy to be had : of little value : vulgar. — «. a tract of open land, used in com77zo7i by the in- habitants of a town, parish, &c.— Common Pleas, one of the High Courts of Justice. — Book of Common Prayer, the liturgy of the Eng- lish Church adv. Commonly.— ?;. Comm'on- ness. [Fr. C07nf7zun — L. C07n7ii7i7ds — co7n, to- gether, and 7}tu7iis, serving, obliging.] _ • Commonage, kom'un-aj, «. right of pasturing on a cotti/7io7i: the right of using anything in C077im07l. Commonalty, kom'un-al-ti, «. the body of com- 77X071 people below the rank of nobility. Commoner, kom'un-er, «. one of the co7nmo7i people, as opp. to the nobles : a member of the House of Commons : a student of the second rank in the university of Oxford. Commonplace, kom'un-plas, «. a cot7inion topic or subject : a memorandum : a note. — adj. com- mon : hackneyed.— K. Comm'onplace-bOOk, a note or memorandum book. [Common, and Place, a translation of L. locus, a place, a topic of discourse.] Commons, kom'unz, n.pl. the common people: their representatives —z>. the lower House ol Parliament or House of Commons : common land : food at a common table. Common-sense, kom'un-sens, adj. marked by sound plain good sense. Commonweal, kom'un-wel, CommonwealtSi. kom'un- welth, «. [lit.) the co77ii/io7i or public M/^//-being or good : the government in a free state : the public or whole body of the people : a form of government in which the power rests with the people, esp. that in England after the overthrow of Charles I. [See Wealth.] Commotion, kom-o'shun, n. a vioietit 7/!otio7t or movi7ig: excited or tumultuous action, physical or mental : agitation : tumult. [L. co7/i/notio — C07/1, intensive, and tnoveo, f7zotus, to move.] Communal, kom-un'al, adj. of a C077!7iiu7te. Commune, kom'un, «. in France, a territorial (ate, far ; me, h6r : mine : mOte ; mOte ; mSDn ; then. 83 Commune division governed by a mayor. The Commune at Paris in 1871 was a revolt against the national government, the principle of the revolt being that each city or district should be ruled inde- pendently by its own commune or local govern- ment. [Fr. t<;ww««^— root of Common.] Commune, kom-Cm', v.i. to converse or talk to- gether : to have intercuurse. [Fr. coiinnunicr — L. commuttico, from comtttunis. See Common.j Communicable, kom-un'i-ka-bl, adj. that may be communicated. — adv. Commun'lcably. Communicant, kom-un'i-kant, «. one who par- takes of The Communion. Communicate, kom-un'i-kat, v.t. to give a share of, impart: to reveal: to bestow. — v.i. to have something in common with another : to have the means of passing from one to another : to have intercourse : to partake of The Communion. [L. co7ii»iunico, commiinicatus , from contvtioiis. ] Communication, kom-un-i-ka'shun, n. act of com- municating : that which is communicated : intercourse : correspondence. Communicative, kom-un'i-ka-tiv, adj. inclined to communicate or give information : unreserved. —n. Communicativeness. [ing knowledge. Communicatory, kom-un'i-ka-tor-i, adj. impart- Communlon, kom-un'yun, «., act al co7nMjming : muiual intercourse : fellowship : common posses- sion : interchange of transactions : union in reli- gious service ; the body of people who so unite. —The Communion, the celebration of the Lord's Supper. [L. comtniinio, from communis.^ Jommunism, kom'u-nizm, «. a theory or condition of things, according to which private property should be abolished, and all things held in cojn- vion. • [principles of communis), t. Communist, kom'fl-nist, «. one who holds the Community, kom-un'i-ti, «., commoji possession or enjoyment I people having common rights, &c. ; the public or people in general. Commutable, kom-ut'a-bl, adj. that may be com- muted or exchanged. — n. Commutabil'ity. Commutation, kom-u-ta'shun, n. the act of cont- muiing-: change or exchange of one thing for another : the change of a penalty or rate from a greater to a less. Commutative, kom-ut'a-tiv, adj. relating to ex- change : interchangeable. — adv. Conunut'a- tively. Commute, kom-ut', v.t. to excliange: to exchange a punishment for one less severe. [L. cominuto, from com, with, and 7>nito, to change.] Commutual, kom-ut'u-al, adj. mutual. Compact, kom-pakt', adj., fastened ox packed to- ge titer: firm : close : brief. — v.t. to press closely together : to consolidate. — advs. Compactly, Compact'edly.— «. Compact'edness. [Fr.— L. conpactjis, pa.p. of compin^o — cotn, together, 3.n^ pango, to fasten, fix : akm to E. Fang.] Compact, kom'pakt, n. a mutual bargain or agreement: a league, treaty, or union. [L. compactttm — coiupaciscor, from com, with, and paciscor, to make a bargain ; from root pango.^ Compactness, kom-pakt'nes, n. state of being compact : closeness. Companion, kom-pan'yun, n. one who keCps com- pany or frequently associates with another : an associate or partner. — n. Companionship. [Fr. compagnon, from Low L. companiutn, a mess — L. com, with, z.x\^ panis, bread.] Companionable, kom-pan'yun-a-bl, adj., fit to be a companion: agreeable. — adv. Compan'lon- ably. [coTnfianion. Companionless, kom-pan'yun-les, adj., tuitliout a Compensate Company, kum'pa-ni, n. any assembly of persons: a number of persons associated together for trade, &c. : a society : a subdivision of a regi- ment : the crew of a shij) : state of being a com- panion : fellowship : society. — v.i. to associate with. [Fr. comfiagnie. See Companion.] Comparable, kom'par-a-bl, adj. that may be I compared; being of equal regard. — adv. Com'- parably. Comparative, kom-i>ar'a-tiv, adj. estimated by comparing with something else : not positive or absolute : (gram.) expressing more. — adv. Coni- par'atlvely. Compare, kom-par', v.t. to set things together, to ascertain how far they agree or disagree : to liken or represent as similar: (gra/n.) to inflect an adjective. — v.i. to hold comparison. [Fr. — L. comparo, to match, from com, together, and paro, to make or esteem equal — par, equal. ] Comparison, kom-par'i-sun, n. the act of compar- ing: comparative estimate : a simile, or figure by which two things are compared: (gra»i.) the inflection of an adjective. Compartment, kom-part'ment, n. a separate part or division of any inclosed space : a subdivision of a carriage. [Fr., from compartir, to divide — Lat. co)?i, and partire, to part.] Compass, kum'pas, n. a circuit or circle : space : limit : range : an instrument consisting of a mag- netised needle, used to steer ships by, &c. — To fetc/t a Compass, to make a circuit, to go round : — •//. Com'passes, an instrument consisting of two movable legs, for describing circles, &c. [Fr. compas, a circle — Low L. cotnpassus — L. cojn, together, and passus, a step, a way, a route ; the mariner's compass goes round in a circle.] Compass, kum'pas, v.t. to pass or go round: to surround or inclose : to besiege : to bring about or obtain : to contrive or plot. Compassion, kom-pash'un, «. fellow-feeling, or sorrow for the sufferings of another : pity. [Fr. — L. cotnpassio — com, with, and patior, passus, to suffer.] Compassionate, kom-pash'un-at, adj. inclined to pity or to have mercy upon: merciful. — v.t. to have compassion for : to have pity or mercy uT^an.—adv. Compassionately.— «. Compass'- lonateness. Compatibility, kom-pat-i-bil'it-i, n. the being C07npatible : suitability. Compatible, kom-pat'i-bl, ouij., that can bear with : that suits or agrees with. — adv. Compat' Ibly. [Fr. — L. com, with, patior, to bear.] Compatriot, kom-pa'tri-ot, adj., of the same fatherland or country. — n. one of the same country. [Fr. — L. cojn, with, and Patriot.] Compeer, kom-per', «., one who is equal to another: a companion : an associate. [L. cotn- par — cojn, with, and Peer, from/ar, equal.] Compel, kom-pel', v.t. to drive or urge on for- cibly : to oblige : — pr.p. compelling ; /a./, com- pelled'. — adj. Compellable. [L. cotn, intensive, and pello, pulsum, to drive.] Compendious, kom-pen'di-us, adj. short : compre- hensive.— rtafz/. Compen'diously. Compendium, kom-pen'di-um, «. a shortening or abridgment : a book or treatise containing the substance of a larger one. [L. compendium, what is weighed together, or saved (opposed to dispendium) — com, together, and pendo, to weigh.] Compensate, kom-pen's5t or kom'pen-sat, v.t. to reward suitably for service rendered : to make amends for loss sustained : to recompense : to 81 fate, far ; me. her ; mine ; mote ; mQte ; mOc5n : MeiL Compensation counterbalance. [L. com, intensive, and penso, to weigh, freq. oi pendo, to weigh.] Compensation, kom-pen-sa'shun, n. act of com- pensating: reward for service : amends for loss sustained. Compensatory, kom-pen'sa-tor-i, adj. serving for compensation : making amends. Compete, kom-pet', v.i. to seek or strive with others for something : to contend for a prize. [L. compete — com, together, s^XiA. peto, to seek.] Competence, kom'pe-tens. Competency, kom'pe- ten-si, «. fitness : sufficiency : legal power or capacity. Competent, kom'pe-tent, adj., suitable: sufficient : fit: belonging.— a<^j'. Com'jsetently. [Fr.— L. competo, to strive after together, to agree — npiementu7K — cofn, and pleo.\ Complemental, kom-ple-ment'al. Complement- ary, kom-ple-ment'ar-i, cuij., filling -up: supply- ing a deficiency. Complete, kom-plet', v.t. ta fill up, finish, or per- fect : to accomplish. [L. compleo, completutn, to fill up — com, intensive, a.n(i pleo, to fill.] Complete, kom-plet', adj., filled up: free from deficiency : perfect : finished. — adv. Completely. —n. Complete'ness. Completion, kom-ple'shun, n. the act or state of he.\ng complete : fulfilment. Complex, kom'pleks, adj. composed of more than one, or of many parts : not simple : intricate ; difficult.— a(fz/. Com'plexly.— ?/. Com'plexness. [L. complex — com, together, and root of plico, to fold. See Complicate.] Complexion, kom-plek'shun, n. colour or look of Compound the skin, esp. of the face : general appearance, temperament, or texture. [Fr. — L. complexio, a combination, physical structure of body — com- plector, complexjts, to embrace — plectere, to plait.] [on or pertaining to complexion. Complexional, kom-plek'shun-al, adj. depending Complexioned, kom-plek'shund, adj. having a complexion, or a certain temperament or state. Complexity, kom-plek'si-ti, «. state of being com- plex, [ment. Compliance, kom-pll'ans, n. a yielding : agree- CompUant, kom-pll'ant, adj. yielding: civil. — ar-oinitto, to promise.] Comptroll, Comptroller. See under Control. Compulsion, kom-pul'shun, «. the act of compel- ling: force: necessity: violence. [See Compel] Compulsive, kom-pul'siv. Compulsory, kom-pul'- sor-i, adj. having power to compel: forcing. — advs. Compul'sively, Compul'sorily. Compunction, kom-pungk'shun, «. uneasiness of conscience : remorse. [O. Fr. — L. co)npn7ictio — co7n, intensive, iiwA. pioigo, puncttis, to prick.] Compunctious, kora-pungk'shus, adj. feeling or causing co7np!e7ictio7i : repentant: remorseful. Computable, kom-put'a-bl, adj. that may be c077i- puted or calculated. Computation, kom-put-a'shun, «. act of co77iput- i7ig : the sum or quantity computed : estimate. Compute, kom-put', v.t. to calculate : to number. [L. co7>zputo, from C077t, together, and puto, to reckon.] Comrade, kom'rad, n. a companion. [Sp. cama- rada, a room-full, a chamber-mate — L. camera, a chamber.] Con, kon, a contraction of L. co/itra, against, as in Pro and con, for and against. Con, kon, v.t, to study carefully: to commit to memory: — pr.p. conn'ing ; pa.p. conned'. [A.S. cnn7iian, to test, to try to know — from cu?i7tan, to know.] Concatenate, kon-kat'e-nat, v.t. to cJuii7i or li7tk together: to connect in a series. [L. cojt, to- gether, and cate7ia, a chain.] Concatenation, kon-kat-e-na'shun, n. a series of Oonoert links united : a series of things depending on each other. Concave, kon'kav, adj. curved, vaulted, or arched, applied to the inner side of any curved line or rounded body, and opposed to co7ivex, which is applied to the outside. — n. a hollow : an arch or vault. [L. C07icavus, from con, intensive, and cavils, hollow. See Cave.] Concavity, kon-kav'i-ti, «. the inner surface of a concave or hollow body. Conceal, kon-sel', v.t. to hide cot/tpletely or care- fully: to keep secret : to disguise : to keep from telling. [L. co7icelo, from con, intens., and celo, to hide ; akin to A.S. hela/i, to hide.] Concealable, kon-sel'a-bl, adj. that may be C07i- cealed. Concealment, kon-sel'ment, n. act of co/iceal- i'tg: secrecy : disguise : hiding-place. Concede, kon-sed', v.t. to cede or give up : to quit : to surrender; to admit, to grant. — v.i. to admit or grant. [L. coTuedo, from con, sig. completeness, and cedo, to go, to yield.] Conceit, kon-set',* «. over-estimate of one's self: too favourable opinion of one's own good quali- ties: a pleasant, fantastical, or affected notion. —Out of conceit with, no longer fond of. [Through a Fr. form co/iceii, from L. conceptus, pa.p. oi co7tcipio.'\ Conceited, kon-set'ed, adj. having a high opinion of one's self; egotistical.— ao^z/. Conceit'edly. — n. Conceit'edness. Oonceivable, kon-sev'a-bl, adj. that may be con- ceived, understood, or believed. — aidv. Con- ceiv'ably.— «. Conceiv'ableness. Conceive, kon-sev', v.t. to receive into, and form in the womb ; to form in the mind : to imagine or think : to understand. — v.i. to become preg- nant ; to think. [O. Fr. concever — L. co7icipio, C07iceptn77i, from con, and capio, to take.] Concentrate, kon-sen'trat, v.t. to bring into a closer union, or a narrower compass : to con- dense. [A lengthened form of Concentre. ] Concentration, kon-sen-tra'shun, n. act of co>i- ce7itrati7tg : condensation. Concentrative, kon-sen'tra-tiv, adj. tending to concentrate. Concentre, kon-sent'er, v.i. to tend to or meet z« a co7n7non ceiitre. — v.t. to bring or direct to a common centre or point '.—pr.p. concent'ring ; pa.p. concent'red or concent'ered. [Fr. co7i- ce7itrer—'L. con, with^and centrian, the Centre.l Concentric, kon-sen'tnk, Concentrical, kon-sen'- trik-al, adj. having a common centre. Concept, kon'sept, «. a thing conceived, a notion, Conception, kon-sep'shun, «. the act of conceiv- ing: the thing conceived ; the formation in the mind of an image or idea ; a notion. Conceptuallsm, kon-sep'tu-al-izm, «. the doctrine in philosophy that general properties can be con- ceived in the mind apart from any concrete em- bodiment. Concern, kon-sern', v.t. to relate or belong to : to affect or interest : to make uneasy. — «. that which concerns or belongs to one ; interest : regard : anxiety : a business or those connected with it.— «. Concern'ment. [Fr.— L. concemo, from con, together, and cer7io, to sift, to see.] Concerned, kon-sernd', adj. having connection with ; interested ; anxious. — adv. Concern'edly. —71. Concem'edness. Concerning, kon-sern'ing, prep, regarding : per- taining to. [jPr./. of Concern.] Concert, kon-sert', v.t. to frame or devise to- gether : to arrange, adjust. [Fr. concerter — 86 fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mOte ; raQte ; mOTn ; ik&^ Conoen con, together, certare, to contend, vie with : ace. to Skeat, from L. coiisertus, joined together.] Concert, kon'sert, «. union or agreement in any undertaking : harmony : musical harmony : a musical entertainment. [Fr.] Concertina, kon-ser-te'na, «. a musical instru- ment, on the principle of the accordion. Concerto, kon-sei^tS, «. a piece of music for a concert. [It.] [thing conceded : a grant. Concession, kon-sesh'un, «. act o{ conceding : the Concessive, kon-ses iv, adj. implying concession. Concessory, kon-ses'or-i, adj. yielding. Conch, kongk, «. a marine sJiell. [L. concha — Gr. kongclii ; Sans, cank/ia, a shell ; conn, with Cockle.] Conclilferous, kong-kif'er-us, adj., having a shell. [L. concha, andji'ro, to bear.] Conchoidal, kong-koid'al, adj. , shell-like, applied to the fracture of a mineral. [Gr. kongche, and eidos, form.] _ [conchology. Conchologist, kong-kol'o-jist, n. one versed in Conchology, kong-kol'o-ji. n. the science of shells and of the animals inhabiting them. [Gr. kong- che, and logos, a discourse.] Conciliate, kon-sil'i-at, v.t. to gain or win over: to gain the love or good-will of such as have been indifferent or hostile. [L. concilio, conciliatus, to bring together — conciliutn. See Council] Conciliation, kon-sil-i-a'shun, n. act of conciliat- ing. — «. Conciliator, kon-sil'i-a-tor.— a^'. Con- ciliatory, kon-sil'i-a-tor-L Concise, kon-sls', adj., cut short: brief. — adv. Concisely.— «. Concise'ness. {Yr.—L.coticido, concisus, from con, and ciedo, to cut.] Concision, kon-sizh'un, «. [B.) circumcision : a faction. Conclave, kon'klav, n. the room in which cardinals meet to elect a pope : the body of cardinals : any close assembly. [L. conclave, from con, to- gether, and clavis, a key.] Conclude, kon-klood', V. t. to close : to end. — v.i. to end : to infer : to form a final judgment. [L. concludo, concltisus—con, together, and claudo, to shit] Conclu^jion, kon-kloO'zhun, n. act of conclttding : the end, close, or last part : inference : judgment. [L. concliisio.'] Conclusive, kon-kloos'iv, adj. final : convincing. -adv. Conclus'ively.— «. Conclusiveness. Concoct, kon-kokt', v.t. [lit.) to cook or boil io- getlier: to digest : to prepare or mature. [L. concoquo, concoctjis — con., together, and coguo, to cook, to boil.] [ripening : preparation. Concoction, kon-kok'shun, n. act of concocting: Concomitance, kon-kom'i-tans, Concomitancy, kon-kom'i-tan-si, n. state of being concomitant. Concomitant, kon-kom'i-tant, adj., accom/>a>iy- ing or going along with : conjoined with. — n. he or that which accompanies. — adv. Concomi- tantly. [L. con, with, and comitans, pr.p. of comitor, to accompany — comes, a companion.] Concord, kong'kord or kon'-, n. state of being of tlie same heart or mind : imion : harmony. [Fr. Concorde — L. Concordia — concors, of tlie same heart, from con, together, and cor, cordis, the Ineart.] Concordance, kon-kord'ans, «. agreement : an index or dictionary of the leading words or passages of the Bible, or of any author. Concordant, kon-kord'ant, adj. harmonious : united.— a(^z'. Concord'antly. [L concordans, pr.p oi concord o — concors, agreeing.] Concordat, kon-kord'at, n. an agreement or com- pact, especially between a temporal sovereign Condign and the pope. [Fr. — IL concordato — L. con- cordo, to agree.] Concourse, kong'kors, «. an assembly of persons ninningor drawn together. [Fr. — L. concursus.\ Concrescence, kon-kres'ens, n. a growing to- gether. Concrete, konglcret, or kon'-, adj. formed into one mass : iheo^\>os\tQ of abstract, and denoting a particular thing. — n. a mass formed by parts growing or sticking together: a mixture of lime, sand, pebbles, &c., used in building. — adv. Concretely.— «. Concrete'ness. [L. con- cretus — co?t, together, c esco, cretum, to grow.] Concrete, kon-kret', v.i. to unite into a solid mass. Concretion, kon-kre'shun, «. a mass concreted : a lump or growth which forms in certain parts of the body, as li, &c. Concretive, kon-kret'iv, adj., causing or having power to concrete. Concubinage, kon-kuTjin-aj, «. state of living together as man and wife without being married. Concubine, kong'ku-bln, n. a woman who cohabits or lives with a man without being married. [Fr. — L. conciibina — co7t, together, cubo, to lie down.] Concupiscence, kon-kfl'pis-ens, «., excessive or irregular desire for unlawful pleasure : lust. — adj. Concu'piSCent. [Fr. — L. concu/>isce>itia — concupisco—con, intensive, cupio, to desire.] Concur, kon-kur', v.i. to run togetlier: to meet in one point : to act together : to agree : to assent to : — pr.p. concurr'ing ; pa.p, concurred'. [L. concurro, from cofi, together, and curro, cursiim, to run.] [assent. Concurrence, kon-kur'ens, ?i. union : joint action : Concurrent, kon-kur'ent, adj. coming, acting, or existing together : united : accompanying. — adv. Concurr'ently. Concussion, kon-kush'un, n. state of being shaken : a violent shock caused by the sudden contact of two bodies : any undue pressure or force exerted upon any one. [L. concussio — concutio — con, intensive, anA qiiatio, to shake.] Concussive, kon-kus'iv, adj. having the power or quality of shaking or compelling. Condemn, kon-dem', V. t. to pronounce guilty : to censure or blame : to sentence to punishment : to pronounce unfit for use. [L. condemno, from con, intensive, and damno, to damn. See Damn. ] Condenmable, kon-dem'na-bl, adj. blamable. Condemnation, kon-dem-na'shun, n. state of being condemned : blame : punishment. Condemnatory, kon-dem'na-tor-i, adj., contain- ing or implying condemnation. [compressed. Condensable, kon-dens'a-bl, adj. capable of being Condensation, kon-den-sa'shun, n. act of con- densi)ig. Condense, kon-dens', v.t. to compress, or reduce by pressure into smaller compass.— z'.z. to grow dense. [L. condenso — cofi, intensive, denso, to make dense. See Dense.] Condenser, kon-dens er, n. an apparatus fo reducing vapours to a liquid form : an appliance for collecting or condensing electricity. Condescend, kon-de-send', v.i. to descend will- ingly from a superior position : to act kindly to inferiors: to deign : to lower one's self. [h. con, intensive, and descendo, to descend.] Condescending, kon-de-send'mg, adj. yielding to inferiors : coiurteous : obliging. — adv. CoudO- Boendlngly. Condescension, kon-de-sen'shun, n. kindness to mieriors : courtesy. Condign, kon-dln', adj. well merited : adequate (generally said of punishment). — adv. Con- fatCs far : me, her ; miae ; mOte ; mute : moBn : Men, 87 Condiment dlgBly.— «. Gondlgn'ness. [L. condignns — /^.- suitable. [L. co>i!^~iio, to run or meet together, to agree.] Congruity, kong-grOo'i-ti, n. agreement between thmg • : consistency. Congruous, kong'groD-us, ailj. suitable : fit : con- sistent. -rt,/i'. Cong'ruously.— «. Cong'ruoiis- ness. Conic, kon'ik, Conloal, kon'ik-al, adj. having the form of or pertaining to acotie. — aihi. Con'ically. Conies, kon'iks, ». the part of geometry which treats of the cone and its sections. Coniferous, kon-ifer-us, adj., cone-bearing, as the fir, itc. ICone, and \-,. fero, to carry.] Coniform, kun'i-form, adj. in the form of a cone. Conjecture, kon-jekt'Or, n. an opinion forme.d on slight or defective evidence : an opinion without proof: a guess : an idea. — adj. Conject'ural. — adv. Conject'urally. [L. conjicio, cotijectiDu, to throw together — iro«, together, _;'rta'(7, to throw.] Conjecttire, kon-jekt'ur, v.t. to make conjectures regarding : to infer on slight evidence : to guess. Conjoin, kon-join', v.t. to join together. [Fr. conjoindre — L. con, together, 2.'ad.jjtns:o,jtinctits^ to join. See Join.] \—adv. Conjointly. Conjoint, kon-joint', adj. joined together: united. Conjugal, kon'joo-gal, adj. pertaining to the marriage-tie or to marriage. —rti/z/. Con'jugally. — «. Conjugal'ity. [L. cotijugalis — conjux, one united to another, a husband or wife — con, and jugiiiii, a yoke.] Conjugate, kon'joo-gat, v.t. [gram.) to give the various inflections or parts of a verb. — «. a word agreeing in derivation with another word. [L. conjugo — cott, together, and jugum, that which joins, a yoke.] Conjugation, kon-joo-ga'shun, «. a joining to- gether: the inflection of the verb : a class of verbs inflected in the same manner. Conjunction, kon-junk'shun, n. , connection, union : igra/n.) a word that connects sentences, clauses, and words. [L. conj/inctio — con, and jttngo.] Conjunctive, kon-junk'tiv, adj. closely united: serving to unite : (gram.) introduced by a con- junction.— rtrfw. Conjunc'tively. Conjuncture, kon-junk'tOr, «. combination of cir- cumstances : important occasion, crisis. Conjui'ation, kon-joo-ra'shun. n. act of summon- ing by a sacred name or solemnly : enchantment. Conjure, kon-jOor', v.t. to call on or summon by a sacred name or in a solemn manner : to implore earnestly. — n. Conjur'er. [Orig. v.i. to unite under oath, Fr. — L. co7i, together, and juro, to swear. ] Conjure, kun'jer, v.t. to compel (a spirit) by in- cantations : to enchant : to raise up or frame needlessly. — v.i. to practise magical arts : — pr.p. conjuring (kun'jer-ing) ; pa. p. conjured (kun'- jerd). [Same word as the preceding.] Conjurer, kun'jer-er, n. one who practises magic : an enchanter. [others. Conjuror, kon-joor'or, n. one bound by oath with Connate, kon'at or kon-at', adj., born with one's self. [L. con, with, and nascor, natns, to be born.] [with another. ConnatWftl, Uon-at'u-ral, adj. of the same nature Connect, kqn-ekt', ?'.?■ to tie ox fasten together: to establish a relation between. [L. con, to- gether, and necto, to lie.] [manner. ConnSOtBdly, kon-ekt'ed-li, adv. in a connected Consecration Connection, kon-ek'shun, n. act of connecting: that which connects : a body or society held to- gether by a bond : coherence : intercourse. Connective, kon-ekt'iv, adj. bindmg together. — «. a word that connects sentences or words. — adv. Connect 'ively. Connexion, kon-ek'shun, «. Same as Connection. Connivance, kon-Iv'ans, n. voluntary oversight of a fault. Connive, kon-Iv', v.i. to wink at a fault : to fail by intention to see a fault. [Fr. — L. conniveo, to wink.] Connoisseur, kon-is-sar', «. one who knows well about a subject: a critical judge. [Fr., from contioitre — L. cognosco, to know — co, intensive, and fiasco, old iormgnosco, to acquire knowledge. ] Connoisseurship, kon-is-ar'ship, «. the skill of a connoisseur. Connote, kon-ot', v.t. to note or imply along with an object something inherent therein : to include. — «. Connota'tion. — adj. Connot'ative. [L. con, with, and Note.] Connubial, kon-u'bi-al, adj. pertaining to inar- riage or to the married state : nuptial. [L. con, and nubo, to marry. See Nuptial.] Conoid, kon'oid, «. anything like a cone in form, —adjs. Con'oid, Conoid'al. [Gr. konos, eidos, form. ] Conquer, kong'ker, v.t. to gain by force : to over- come or vanquish. — v.i. to be victor. [Fr. con- querir — L. conquiro, to seek after earnestly — C071, intensive, and qu(X7-o, to seek.] [quered. Conquerable, kong^ker-a-bl, adj. that may be con- Conqueror, kong'ker-or, n. one who conquers. Conquest, kong'kwest, «. the act of conqicering : that which is conquered or acquired by physical or moral force. [O. Fr. conqiieste, Fr. conquete — L. conqinro, conquisitum.] Consanguineous, kon-sang-gwin'e-us, adj. related by blood: of the same family or descent. [L. cotisanguineiis — con, with, and sanguis, blood.] Consanguinity, kon-sang-gwin'i-ti, n. relationship by blood: opposed to affinity or relationship by marriage. Conscience, kon'shens, «. the knoivledge of our own acts and feelings as right or wrong : sense of duty : the faculty or principle by which we distinguish right from wrong. [L. co>tscientia, from conscio, to know with one's self — con, with, and scio, to know.] Conscientious, kon-shi-en'shus, adj. regulated by a regard to co?iscience : faithfid : just. — adv. Conscien'tiously.— K. Conscientiousness. i Conscionable, kon'shun-a-bl, adj. governed or regulated by conscience. — adv. Con'scionably. Conscious, kon'shus, atij. having tlie feeling or knowledge: aware. — adv. Con'sciously. Consciousness, kon'shus-nes, «. the knowledge which the mind has of its own acts and feelings. Conscript, kon'skript, adj , written down, en- rolled, registered. — «. one who.se name has been enrolled and who is liable to serve as a soldier or sailor. [L. cotiscribo, conscriptum, to write together in a list, to enlist.] Conscription, kon-skrip'shun, n. an enrolment of individuals held liable for naval or military service.— a^'. Conscrip'tional. Consecrate, kon'se-krat, v.t. to set apart for a holy use : to render holy or venerable. — «. Con'- secrater or Con'secrator. [L. consecro, to make wholly sacred — coti, and sacro, to set apart as sacred — sacer, sacred.] Consecration, kon-se-kra'shun, «. the act of devoting to a sacred use. 90 fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; mo5n ; then. Consecution Consecution, kon-se-ku'shun, n. a train of conse- quettces or deductions : a series of things that follow one another. Consecutive, kon-sek'u-tiv, adj., foUowins: in regular order: succeeding. —rt^j'i/. Consec'U- tively.— «. Consec'utiveness. [Fr. cons^cutif — L. con, and sequor, secutits, to follow.] Consensus, kon-sen'sus, «. unanimity : agreement. Consent, kon-sent', v.i. toyiv/. or think along with another : to be of the same mind : to agree : to give assent: to yield. — «. agreement: ac- cordance with the actions or opinions of another : concurrence. [L. consentio, to agree — con, with, and sent to, to feel, to think.] Consentaneous, kon-sen-ta'ne-us, adj., agreeable or accordant to: consistent with. — adz/. Con- senta'neously.— wj. Consenta neousness, Con- sentane'ity. [mind or in opinion. Consentient, kon-sen'shi-ent, adj., agreeing in Consequence, kon'se-kwens, «. that which /ol- ioTvs or comes after : effect: influence: import- ance. [L. consequentia — con, with, and sequor, to follow.] Consequent, kon'se-kwent, adj., following as a natural effect or deduction. — ii. that which fol- lows : the natural effect of a cause. — adv. Cofl'- sequently. Consequential, kon-se-kwen'shal, adj'., following as a result : pretending to importance : pompous. — adv. Consequen'tially. [o( conserving. Conservant, kon-serv'ant, adj'. having the power Conservation, kon-ser-va'shun, n. the act of co/i- serving : the keeping entire. Conservatism, kon-serv'a-tizm, n. the opinions and principles of a Conservative : aversion to change. Conservative, kon-serv'a-tiv, adj'., tending, or having power to conserve. — «. {/olitics) one who desires to preserve the institutions of his country until they can be changed with cer- tainty for the better: one averse to change. Conservator, kon'ser-va-tor or kon-ser-va'tor, n. one who ireserz'es from injury or violation. Conservatory, kon-serv'a-tor-i, «. a place in which things are put iox preservation : a greenhouse or place in which exotic plants are kept. Conserve, kon-serv', v.t. to keep entire: to retain : to preserve : to preserve in sugar : to pickle.— «. Conserv'er. [L. con, together, and serz'o, to keep.] Conserve, kon'serv, n. something preserved, as iruits in sugar. — adj. Conserv'able. Consider, kon-sid'er, v.t. to look at closely or carefully : to think or deliberate on : to take into account : to attend to: to reivard. — v.i. to think seriously or carefully : to deliberate. [Fr. — L. considero, prob. a word borrowed from augury, meaning to mark out the boundaries of a tentplum (see Contemplate) by the stars— sidus, sideris, a star.] Considerable, kon-sid'er-a-bl, adj. worthy of being considered : important : more than a little. —adv. Consid'erably. — «. Consid'erableness. Considerate, kon-sid'er-at, adj. thoughtful : seri- ous : prudent. — adv. Consid'erately. — «. Con- sid'erateness. Consideration, kon-sid-er-a'shun, n. deliberation : importance : motive or reason : compensation : the reason or basis of a compact. Consign, kon-sin', v.t to give to another formally or under sign or seal: to transfer : to intrust. — n. Consign'er. [Fr. consigner— \,. consigno — con, with, and si^man, a sign or seal. See Sign] Consignee, kon-si-ne', «. one to whom anything is Constant consigned or intrusted. [Fr. consign^, pa.p. of consigner, to consign.] Consig^nment, kon-sln'ment, n. act of consigning: the thing consigned : the writing by which any- thing is made over. Consist, kon-sist', v.i. to be composed : to co-exist, i.e. to agree. [Fr. — L. consisto — con, sig. com- pleteness, and sisto — sto, to stand.] Consistence, kon-sist'ens, Consistency, kon-sist'- en-si, n. a degree of density : substance : agree- ment. Consistent, kon-sist'ent, adj. fixed : not fluid : agreeing together: uniform. — adv. Consist'- ently. Consistory, kon-sist'or-i, n. an assembly or council : a spiritual or ecclesiastical court. — adj. Consisto'rlal. [See Consist.] Consociation, kon-so-shi-a'shun, k. , companion- shit) with : association : alliance. [L. consoci- atio — con, with, socius, a companion.] Consolable, kon-sol'a-bl, adj. that may be com- forted. Consolation, kon-sol-a'shun, n., solace : alleviation of misery. — adj. Consolatory, kon-sol'a-tor-i. Console, kon-sol', V. t. to give solace or comfort : to cheer in distress — n. Consol'er. [L. con, intensive, and solor, to comfort. See Solace.] Consolidate, kon-sol'i-dat, 7'.t. to make solid: to form into a compact mass : to unite into one. — v.i. to grow solid or firm : to unite. [L. con- solido, consolidatus — con, intensive, and solidns, solid.] [or of becoming J£'//(/. Consolidation, kon-sol-i-da'shun, «. act of making Consols, kon'solz, n.pl. (short for Consolidated Annuities) that part of the British national debt which consists of the 3 per cent, annuities co>i- solidated into one fund. Consonance, kon'son-ans, n. a. state of agreement; agreement or unison of sounds. Consonant, kon'son-ant, adj. consistent: suitable. — n. an articulation which can be souncfed only with a vowel : a letter representing such a sound.— adj. Consonantal. — adv. Con'son- antly. [L. consonans, pr.p. of consono, to sound with, to harmonise — con, with, and sono, to sound.] Consort, kon'sort, «. one that shares the same lot with another: a partner: a companion: a wife or husband : an accompanying ship. [L. censors, from con, with, and sors, sortis, a. lot.] Consort, kon-sort', v.i. to associate or keep com- pany. Conspicuous, kon-spik'u-us, adj., clearly seen: visible to the eye or mind; prominent. — adv. Conspicuously.— «. Conspic'uousness. [L. conspicuHs — conspicio — con, intensive, and specio, to look.] Conspiracy, kon-spir'a-si, n. a banding together for an evil purpose : a plot : concurrence. Conspirator, kon-spir'a-tor, «. a plotter (along with others). Conspire, kon-spTr', v.i. to plot or scheme to- gether : to agree : to concur to one end. [L. cons.ftiro — con, together, and spiro, to breathe.] Constable, kun'sta-bl, «. formerly, a state officer of the highest rank : a peace-officer : a police- man. —«. Con'stableship. [O. Fr. conestahle, Fr. cojitiitable, L. comes stabiili, count of the stcdiiiinm, stable.] Constabulary, kon-stab'fl-lar-i, adj. pertaining to constables or peace-officers. — «. the body of constables. [ableness. Constancy, kon'stan-si, n. fi.xedness : unchange- Constant, kon'stant, adj. fi.xed : unchangeable : fate, far : me, her ; mine ; mate ; milte ; moOn ; //ten. 91 Constantly continual : faithful. — «. that which remains un- changed. [L. cortsiarts, from consto, to stand lirm — <(W, intensive, sto, to stand.] Constantly, kon'stant-li. uiiv. firmly : continually. Constellation, kon-stcl-u'shun, «. a g'ToiiJ) of stars: an assemblage of beauties or excellencies : (astroi.) a particular disposition of the planets. [L. constellatio—con, together, stellti, a >tar.] Consternation, kon-ster-na'shun, 11. terror which throws into confusion : astonishment : horror. [L. constcrtiatio—constcrno, constcriiatiis, from con, sig. completeness, and sterna, to strew, to throw down.] Constipate, kon'stip-at, v.t. to press closely, to- gether: to "stop up: to m.ike costive. [L. con, together, and stipo, stipatits, to pack.] Constipation, kon-stip-a'shun, «. costiveness. Constituency, kon-stit'u-en-si, «. the whole body of voters for a member of parliament. Constituent, kon-stit'u-ent, adj., constituting or forming: essential: elemental. — n. an essential or elemental part : one of those who elect a representative, esp. in parliament. Constitute, kon'stit-ut, w.;". to set up: to estab- lish : to form or compose : to appoint. [L. con- stituo, constitutus, from coti, together, and staiuo, to make to stand, to place — sto, to stand.] Constitution, kon-stit-u'shun, n. the natural con- dition of body or mind : a system of laws and customs : the established form of government : a particular law or usage. Constitutional, kon-stit-u'shun-al, adj. inherent in the natural frame : natural : agreeable to the constitution or frame of government : legal : a Constitutional Government is one where the ruler is subject to fixed laws. See Absolute. — n. a walk for the sake of one's health. — adv. Constitu'tionally. Constitutionalist, kon-stit-u'shun-al-ist, Consti- tutionist, kon-sti-tu'shun-ist, «. one who favours a constittitioial government. Constitutive, kon'stit-ut-iv, adj. , tliat constitutes or establishes : having power to enact, &c. Constrain, kon-stran', z'.t. to urge with irresistible power : to force. — adj. Constrainable, kon- stran 'a-bl. — adv. Constrainedly, kon-stran'ed-li, [O. Fr. cofistraindre — L. constringo, constrictiis — con, together, stringo, to press. See Strain.] Constraint, kon-strant', 11. irresistible force : com- pulsion : confinement. Constrict, kon-strikt', v.t. to hind or press to- gether: to contract : to cramp. [L. constringo, constrictiis.^ [getiier. Constriction, kon-strik'shun, n. a pressing to- Constrictor, kon-strikt'or, n. that which draws together : a serpent which crushes its prey in its folds. [contract. [L. constringo.] Constringe, kon-strinj', v.t. to draw together: to Constringent, kon-strinj'ent, adj. having the quality of conti-acting. Construct, kon-strukt', v.t. to iuild up: to com- pile : to put together the parts of a thing : to make : to compose. [L. construe, constructus, to pile together.] Constniction, kon-struk'shun, n. anything piled together, building : manner of forming : [gram.) the arrangement of words in a sentence : inter- pretation : meaning Constructive, kon-strukt'iv, adj. not direct or ex- pressed, but inferred.— ^(fw. Construct'ively. Constructiveness, kon-struct'iv-nes, n. the faculty of constructing. Construe, kon'stroo, v.t. to set in order: to ex- hibit the order or arrangement in another Contemn language : to translate : to explain. [L. con- stricn, constructus, to pile together.] Consubstantial, kon-sub-stan'shal, adj. of the %aine suhstance, n.Uure, or essence. — n Consub- stantiality. (L. con, with, and Substantial.] ConSUbStantialist, kon-sub-stan'shal-ist, n. one who believes in consubstantiation. ConSUbstantiate, kon-sub-stan'shi-at, v.t. to unite in one conunim substance or nature. Consubstantiation, kon-sub-stan-shi-a'shun, «. slaLc of being of the same substance : (theol) the Lutheran doctrine of tlie actual, substantial presence of the body and blood of Christ luith the bread and wine used at the Lord's Supper. [See Transubstantiation. ] Consuetude, kon'swe-tud, «. custom.— arf/'. Con'- suetudinary, also n. a ritual of customary devotions. [L. consuetudo, custom.] Consul, kon'sul, ?;. among the Romans, one of the two chief-magistrates of the state : one commis- sioned to reside in a foreign country as an agent for, or representative of, a government. [L.] Consular, kon'sul-ar, adj. pertaining to a consul. Consulate, kon'sul-at, 11. the ojjice, residence, or jurisdiction of a consul. [office, of a consul. Consulship, kon'sul-ship, n. the office, or term of Consult, kon-sult', v.t. to ask advice of: to apply to for instruction : to decide or act in favour of. — v.i. to consider in company: to take counsel. [L. consulto, inten. o( consulo, to consult.] Consultation, kon-sult-a'shun, n. the act of con- sulting: a meeting for the purpose of consulting. Consumable, kon-sum'a-bl, adj. that can be con- sumed. Consiune, kon-sflm', v.t. to destroy by wasting, fire, &c. : to devour : to waste or spend : to exhaust. — v.i. to waste away. — n. Consum'er. [L. cons7i>no, to destroy — con, sig. completeness, and sumo, sumptus, to take.] Consummate, kon-sumat or kon'-, v.t. to raise to the summit or higliest point : to perfect or finish. [L. consummo, to perfect — con, with, and sum- mus, highest, perfect.] Consummate, kon-sum'at, adj. in the highest degree: perfect.— «<£?/. Consumm'ately. Consummation, kon-sum-a'shun, «. act of com- pleting : perfection : close. Consumption, kon-sum'shun, n. the act of using up : a disease in the lungs, which gradually wastes away the frame = PMhisiS. [See Con- sume.] Consumptive, kon-sum'tiv, adj. having the quality of wasting away : inclined to the disease con- sumption.— adv. Consump'tively. j Consumptiveness, kon-sum'tiv-nes, n. a tendency to consumption. Contact, kon'takt, n. a close touching: close union : meeting. [L. contingo, contactum, to touch — con, sig. completeness, and tango, to touch — root tag-.] [by contact. Contagion, kon-ta'jun, n. transmission of a disease Contagious, kon-ta'jus, adj. that may be com- municated by contact.— adv. Conta'giOUSly. — «. Conta'giousness. Contain, kon-tan', v.t. to hold together: to com- prise, to Include : to restrain. — adj. Contaln'- able, that may be contained. [Fr. contcnii — I-. contitten — con, together, and teneo, to hold.] Contaminate, kon-tam'i-nat, z'.t. to defile by touching or mixing with : to pollute : to corrupt : to infect. [L. coniamino — contamen =^ cont.ig- >;nn. See Contact.] Contamination, kon-tam-i-na'shun, n, pollution. Contemn, kon-tem', v.i. to despise : to neglect. — 92 fate, far; me, her; mine; mOte ; mute; moon; thsa. Contemplate K. Contom'ner. [L. contemno, contonptus, to value little — tvw, intensive, and tenino, to slight.] Contemplate, kon-tem'plat, v.t. to consider or look at attentively : to meditate on or study : to intend. — v.i. to think seriously : to meditate. [L. co?ite»t/>lor, coiitetnplcitiis, to mark out care- fully a templicni or place for auguries — con, sig. completeness, and templum. See Consider and Temple.] [study of a particular subject. Contemplation, kon-tem-pla'shun, n. continued Contemplative, kon-tem'pla-tiv, adj. given to Contemplation.— rtf/r'. Contem'platively. Contemporaneous, kon-tem-po-ra'ne-us, adj. liv- ing, happening, or being at the same time. — adv. Contemporaneously.— «. Contempora'- neousness. [L. con, together, and iemporaiwus — tcjHpus, time.] Contemporary, kon-tem'po-rar-i, adj. contempo- raneous. — «. one who lives at the same time. Contempt, kon-tempt', n. scorn : disgrace : [laiu] disobedience of the rules of a court. [See Con- temn.] Contemptible, kon-tempt'i-bl, adj. despicable. — adv. Contempt ibly.—«. Contempt'ibleness. Contemptuous, kon-tempt'Q-us, adj., full of con- tempt: haughty: scornful.— acfo. Contempt'U- ously.— ?i. Contempt'uousness. Contend, kon-tend', Z'.i. to strive: to struggle in emulation or in opposition : to dispute or debate. [L. contendo, contetitum — con, and ieiuio, to stretch, strain.] Content, kon'tent or kon-tent', «. that which is contained: the capacity, measurement, or extent of anything.^//, the things contained : the list of subjects treated of in a book. [See Contain.] Content, kon-tent', adj. having the desires limited by present enjoyment : satisfied. — v.i. to make content: to satisfy the mind : to make quiet : to please. Contented, kon-tent'ed, adj., content.— adv. Con- tent 'edly.—«j. Content 'edness, Contentment. Contention, kon-ten'shun, n. a violent strainmg after any object : strife : debate. [See Contend.] Contentious, kon-ten'shus, cuij. quarrelsome. — adv. Conten'tiously.— «. Conten'tiousness. Conterminal, kon-ter'min-al. Conterminous, kon- ter'min-us, adj. having a common terminus or boundary. [L. cojiter minus , neighbouring — con, together, and ierviimis, a boundary.] Contest, kon-test', v.t. to call in question or make the subject of dispute : to strive for. — adj. Con- test'able. [L. contestor, to call to witness — coti, and testor, to be a witness — testis, a witness.] Contest, kon'test, 71. a struggle for superiority : strife : debate. Context, kon'tekst, n. something woven together or connected : the parts of a discourse or treatise which precede and follow a special passage. [L. contexo — con, together, texo, textics, to weave.] Contexture, kon-tekst'ur, n. the interweaving of parts into a whole : system. [close contact. Contiguity, kon-tig-u'i-ti, n. the state of being in Contiguous, kon-tig'u-us, adj., touching: adjoin- ing : wta.x:.—adv. Contig'uously. — «. ContigU- OUSneSS. [L. contiguus, from contingo, con- tigi, to touch on all sides — con, signifying com- pleteness, tango, to touch.] Continence, kon'ti-nens, Continency, kon'ti-nen- si, n. the restraint imposed by a person upon his desires and passions : chastity. [See Conti- nent, adj,\ Continent, kon'ti-nent, «. a large extent of land not broken up by seas : the mainland of Europe : one of the great divisions of the land surface of Contractor the globe. — o^'. Continent'al. [L. coniinens r-- continuus, holding together, uninterrupted.] Continent, kon'ti-nent, adj., holding in or restrain ing the indulgence of pleasure, especially ol sexual enjoyment : temperate : virtuous. — adv. Con'tinently. [L. continens, moderate — con- tineo — con, together, and teneo, to hold.] Contingence, kon-tin'jens, Contingency, kon- tin'jen-si, n. the quality of being contingcftt . what happens by chance : an accident. Contingent, kon-tin'jent, adj. dependent on some- thing else : liable but not certain to happen : accidental. — n. an event which is liable but not certain to occur : a share or proportion, especially of soldiers. —(Ziz'z'. Contingently. [L. contingo, to touch, to happen.] Continual, kon-tin'Q-al, adj. without interruption : unceasing. — adv. Contin'ually. [See Continue. ] Continuance, kon-tin'u-ans, n. duration : uninter- rupted succession : stay. Continuation, kon-tin-u-a'shun, n. constant suc- cession : extension. Continuative, kon-tin'u-a-tiv, adj., continuing. Continuator, kon-tin'u-a-tor, n. one who con- tinues or keeps up a series or succession. Continue, kon-tin'u, v.t. to draw out or prolong ; to extend or increase in any way : to unite with- out break : to persist in.— v.i. to remain in the same place or state : to last or endure : to perse- vere. [Fr. continuer — L. contimius, joined, connected, from contiueo—con, together, and teneo, to hold.] Continued, kon-tin'Od, adj. uninterrupted : un- ceasing : extended. — adv. Contin'uedly. Continuity, kon-tin-u'i-ti, ?i. state of being con- tinuous : uninterrupted connection. Continuous, kon-tin'u-us, adj. joined together: without interruption. — adv. Contin'UOUSly. Contort, kon-tort', v.t. to twist or turn viohnily: to writhe. [L. con, intensive, and torqueo, tortus, to twist.] Contortion, kon-tor'shun, n. a violent twisting. Contour, kon-toor', «. the outline : the line which bounds the figure of any object. [Fr. contour, from con, and tour, a turning — L. tomus, Gr. tornos, a turning-lathe.] Contraband, kon'tra-band, adj., against or con- trary to dun or law : prohibited. — n. illegal traffic : prohibition : prohibited goods. — n. Con'- trabandist, a smuggler. [It. contrabbando — L. contra, against, and Low L. banduvi, a pro- clamation. See Ban.] Contract, kon-trakt', v.t. to draw together: to lessen : to shorten : to acquire : to incur : to bargain for : to betroth. — v.i. to shrink : to become less. [L. contraho, contractus, from con, together, and traho, to draw.] Contract, kon'trakt, «. an agreement on fixed terms : a bond : a betrothment : the writing con- taining an agreement. [O. Fr. contract, an agree- ment — L. contractus, a compact.] Contracted, kon-trakt'ed, adj., drawn together: narrow : mean. — adv. Contract'edly. — n. Con- tract edness. Contractible, kon-trakt'i-bl, adj. capable of being contracted.— ?ij. Contra'ctibil'ity, Contracf- ibleness. Contractile, kon-trakt'il, adj. tending or having power to contract. — n. Contractil'ity. Contraction, kon-trak'shun, n. act of contract- ing: a word shortened by rejecting a part of it. Contractor, kon-trakt'or, K. one of the parties to a bargain or agree7nent : one who engages to execute work or furnish supplies at a fixed rate. I2te, f&r i me, hit ; mine ; mdte ; mute ; mOOn ; tkea. 98 Contra-danoe Oontra-danco, kon'tra-dans (corniptly Country- dancej, n. a dunce in which the partners are arranged in opposite lines. [Fr. contre-dansc ; from L. contra, against, opposite, and Dance. J Contradict, kon-tra-dikt', v.t. to speak in opposi- tion to: to oppose by words : to assert the con- trary : to deny. [L. cotitradico, contradictus — contr.i, .ij^ainst, and dico, to speak.] Contradiction, kon-tra-dik'shun, 71. act oi contra- dicting: a speaking against: denial: incon- sistency. Contradictive, kon-tra-dikt'iv, Contradictory, kon-tra-dikt'or-i, adj. affirinins; the contrary : opposite : inconsistent. — ad-:'. Contradict'orily. Contradistinction, kon-tra-dis-tink'shun, «., dis- tinction by contrast. ContradiStinctive, kon-tra-dis-tinkt'iv, adj., dis- tingtiisliing by opposite qualities. Contradistinguish, kon-tra-dis-ting'gwish, v.t. to distinguish or mark the difference by opposite ijvialities. [L. contra, against, opposite, and Distinguish.] Contralto, kon-tral'to, «. (tmisic) cou7iter-alto ; same as alto or counter-tenor. [See AltO and Counter.] [aislency. Contrariety, kon-tra-rl'e-ti, n. opposition : incon- Contrariwise, kon'tra-ri-wlz, ad7;. on the con- trary may or side : on the other hand. [Con- trary and Ways.] Contrary, kon'tra-ri, adj., opposite: inconsistent: contradictory «. a thing that is contrary or of opposite qualities.— «. Con'trariness. — adv. Con'trarily. [L. contrarius — contra, against.] Contrast, kon-trast', v.i. to stand against or in opposition to. — v.t. to set in opposition, in order to shew superiority or give effect. [Fr. con- traster — L. contra, opposite to, stare, to stand.] Contrast, kon'trast, «., opposition or unlikeness in things compared : exhibition of differences. Contravallation, kon-tra-val-a'shun, n. a. fortifi- cation built by besiegers, which is thus opposed to that of the besieged. [L. contra, opposite to, and vallo, vallatus, to fortify — vallum, a wall.] Contravene, kon-tra-ven', v.t. to come against: to oppose : to hinder. [L. contra, against, venio, to come.] Contravention, kon-tra-ven'shun, «. act of con- travening: opposition: obstruction. Contlibutary, kon-trib'u-tar-i, adj. paying a share. Contribute, kon-trib'Qt, v.t. to giz'e along with others : to give for a common purpose : to pay a share. — v.i. to give or bear a part.— «. Contrib'- Utor. [L. con, along with, tribiw, trihiitus, to give.] [levy. Contribution, kon-trib-u'shun, «. a collection : a Contributive, kon-tnb'u-tiv, Contributory, kon- trib'u-tor-i, adj. giving a share : helping. Contrite, kon'trlt, adj. broken-hearted for sin : penitent. — adv. Con'tritely. [L. contritus — cofitero — con, sig. completeness, and tero, to bruise.] [remorse. Contrition, kon-trish'un, n. deep sorrow for sin : Contrivance, kon-trlv'ans, n. act of contrivi7ig : the thmg contrivec^: invention: artifice. Contrive, kon-trlv', v.t. to fi7id out or plan : to invent.—?/. Contriv'er. [Fr. controuver — con, and trouver, to find. See TrOVer.] Control, kon-trol', «. (formerly Comptroll), re- straint: authority : command. — v.t. to check : to restrain : to govern.^/*?-./, controlling ; pa.p. controlled'. [Fr. contrdle, from contre-rdle, a duplicate register, for checking the original. See RolL] Convention Controllable, kon-trOl'a-bl, adj. capable of, ot subject to control. Controller, Comptroller, kon-trol'er, «. one who controls or checks the accounts of others by keeping a. cou/iter-roll oriegnler. — «. Controll'- ership. Controlment, kon-trSl'ment, «. act or power of controlling: state of being controlled : control. Controversial, kon-tro-ver'shal, adj. relating to controversy, —adv. Controver'sially. Controversialist, kon-tro-ver'shal-ist, «. one given to controversy. Controversy, kon'tro-ver-si, 71. a disputation, dis- cussion, or debate : contest. Controvert, kon'tro-vert, v.t. to oppose : to argue against: to refute. [L. contra, against, and verto, to turn.] Controvertible, kon-tro-vert'i-bl, adj. that may be controverted.— adv. ContrOVert'ibly. Contumacious, kon-tu-ma'shus, adj. opposing lawful authority with contempt : obstinate : siuhhorn.—ndv. Contuma'ciously.— «. Contu- ma'ciousness. Contumacy, kon'tu-ma-si, ft. obstinate disobe- dience or resistance : stubbornness. [L. contu- 7nacia — co7ituiiiax, contumacis, insolent, from C071, and root tein- in tei/aw, to despise, or ace. to Littre from tumco, to swell.] Contumelious, kon-tu-me'li-us, ai/j. haughtily re- proachful : insolent.— «(/z/. Contumeliously.— 71. Contume'liousness. Contumely, kon tu-mel-i, «. rudeness : in- solence : reproach. [L. contionclia, which is from the same source as co/itiimacy. See Oon tumacy.] Contuse, kon-tuz', v.t. to beat exceedingly or bruise to pieces . to crush. [L. cont»7tdo, con- tusus--co7i and tundo, to beat, to bruise.] Contusion, kon-ta'zhun, n. act of bruising: state of being bruised : a bruise. Conundrum, kon-un'drum, «. a sort of riddle con- taining some odd or fanciful resemblance between things quite unlike. [Ety. unknown.] Convalesce, kon-val-es', v.i. to regain health. [L. co7t, and valesco—valeo, to be strong.] Convalescence, kon-val-es'ens, 71. gradual re- covery of health and strength. Convalescent, kon-val-es'ent, adj. gradually re- covering health. — «. one recovering health. Convection, kon-vek'shun, 7i. the process of trans- mission of heat or electricity through liquids or gases by means of currents. [L. convectio — C07i., and velio, I carry.] Convene, kon-ven', v.i. to come togetJier: to as- semble. — v.t. to call together. [Fr. — L. co7i- venio, from C07i, together, and ve7iio, to come.] Convener, kon-ven'er, n. one who co/tve7tes a meeting : the chairman of a committee. Convenience, kon-ven'yens, Conveniency, kon- ven'yen-si, «. suitableness : accommodation. Convenient, kon-ven'yent, adj. suitable : handy : commodious.— ao'z'. Conven'iently. [L. co>i- ve7iie7is, conve/tie7itis, orig. pr.p. oi convenio, to come together.] Convent, kon'vent, 71. an association of persons secluded from the world and devoted to a religious life: the house in which they live, a monastery or nunnery. [L. conve7itus — co7ivenio, to come together.] Conventicle, kon-ventl-kl, «. applied in contempt to a meeting for worship of dissenters from the Established Church. [L. co/tve7iticulu>n, a secret meeting of monks, dim. q{ coftventus.] Convention, kon-ven'shun, «. an assembly, esp. 04 fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mate ; mute ; mOOn ; Wen. r Conventional of representatives for some special object : tem- porary treaty : an agreement. [Fr. — L. con- vent io. See Convene.] Conventional, kon-ven'shun-al, adj. formed by convention: growing out of tacit agreement or custom : customary. — adv. Conven'tionally. Conventionalism, kon-ven'shun-al-izm, «. that which is established by tacit agreement, as a mode of speech, &c. Conventionality, kon-ven-shun-al'i-ti, n. state of being conventional : that which is established by use or custom. Conventual, kon-vent'u-al, adj. belonging to a convent. — n. a monk or nun. [L. conventiialis.} Converge, kon-verj', v.i. to teiitl to one point. [L. con, together, and vergo, to bend, to incline.] Convergence, kon-verj'ens, Convergency, kon verj'ens-i, «. act or quality of tending to one point. [point. Convergent, kon-verj'ent, adj. tending to one Conversable, kon-vers'a-bl, ailj. disposed to con- verse: sociable. — adv. Convers'ably. [See Converse.] Conversant, kon'vers-ant, adj. acquainted by study: familiar: [B.) walking or associating with. Conversation, kon-ver-sa'shun, n. intercourse : talk: familiar discourse: {B.) behaviour or deportment. — adj. Conversa'tional. Conversationalist, kon-ver-sa'shun-al-ist, «. one who excels in conversation. Conversazione, kon-ver-sat-se-5'ne, n. a meeting for conversation, particularly on literary subjects. — //. Conversazio'ni (-ne). [It.] Converse, kon-vers', v.i. to have intercourse: to talk familiarly. [Fr. — L. cofiversor, to live vv'ith — con, intensive, and verso, to turn much — verto, to turn.] [versation. Converse, kon'vers, n. familiar intercourse : con- Converse, kon'vers, n. a proposition co7iveried or turned about — i.e. one in which the subject and predicate have changed places.— { cupriuin aes, ' Cyprian brass,' because the Romans ob- tained copper in Cyprus.] Copperas, kop'er-as, «. sulphate of iron or green vitriol. [Fr. couperose (It. copparosa) — L. ciipri rosa, rose of copper.] Copperish, kop'er-ish. Coppery, kop'er-i. Cupre- ous, ku'pre-us, adj. containing or like copper. Copperplate, kop'er-plat, «. a plate of polished copper on which something has been engraved : an impression taken from the plate. Coppice, kop'is, Copse, kops, «. a wood of small growth for cutting: [O. Fr. copeiz, wood newly cut—couper, to cut — Low L. copare, to cut.] CoproUte, kop'ro-llt, n. petrijied dimg oi 3.mma\s. [Gr. kopros, dung, and lithos, a stone.] Coptic, kop'tik, adj. pertaining to the Copts, the descendants of the ancient Egyptians. Copula, kop'u-la, «. that which couples or joins together: a bond or tie : (logic) the word joining the subject and predicate. [L. — co, together, and root ap, connected with L. aptus, fastened, and Gr. hapto, to join.] Copulate, kop'u-lat, v.t. and v.i. to couple w join together: to come together sexually. Copulation, kop-u-la'shun, «. act oi copulating. Copulative, kop'u-lfit-iv, adj., uniting. — n.{gram.] a conjunction that unites ideas as well as words. Copy, kop'i, «. one of a number, esp. of books: an imitation from an original pattern : that which is imitated : an original work : manuscript for printing. — v.t. to write, paint, &c. after an original : to imitate : to transcribe : — pa. p. cop'ied. [Fr. copie, from L. copia, plenty ; in Low L. a transcript, because by such the original was multiplied.^ Copyhold, kop'i-hold, «. [Eng. law) a species of estate or right of holding land, for which the owner can only shew the copy of the rolls origin- ally made by the steward of the lord's court. Copyist. See Copier. Copyright, kop'i-rlt, «. the exclusive right of an author or his heirs to publish for a term of years copies of his work, whether a book, painting, engraving, &c. Coquet, ko-ket', v.i. to excite admiration or love, from vanity, or to deceive. — v.t. to trifle with in love: — pr.p. coquett'ing;/a./. coquett'ed. [Fr. coqueter — coquet, dim. ol coq, a cock.] Coquetry, ko-ket'ri or kok'et-ri, n. act of coquet- ting: attempt to attract admiration, &c., in order to deceive : deceit in love. [Fr. coquetierie.'] Coquette, ko-ket', «. a vain, trifling woman. Coquettish, ko-ket'ish, adj. practising coquetry : befitting a coquette. — adv. Coquett'ishly. — «. Coquett'ishness. [homer. Cor, kor, «. a Hebrew measure, the same as the Coracle, kor'a-kl, «. a small oval rowboat used in Wales, made of skins or oilcloth stretched on wicker-work. [W. corvjgl — corwg, anything round ; Gael, curach, a wicker-boat.] Coral, kor'al, n. a hard substance of various colours, growing on the bottom of the sea, composed of the skeletons of zoophytes : a child's toy made of coral. [O. Fr. — L. coralli7im — Gr. korallion.} CoralliferouS, kor-al-if'er-us, adj. , bearing or con- taining coral. [Coral, and "L./ero, to bear.] Coralline, kor'al-in, adj. of, like, or containing coral. — n. a moss-like coral: a coral-like sub- stance. Coranach, kor'a-nak, n. a dirge or lamentation for the dead, formerly common among the Irish and Scottish Celts. [Ir., a 'dirge.'] Corban, kor'ban, n. (lit. ) anything devoted io God : a vessel to receive gifts of charity : alms. [Heb. korban, an offering, sacrifice.] Corbel, kor'bel, n. (arch.) an ornament orig. in the form of a basket — any ornamented projection supporting a superincumbent weight. [Fr. cor- beille, from L. corbicuia, dim. oi corbis, a basket. ) Cord, kord, n. (orig.) a chord: a small rope or thick kind of string. ~z/. /. to bind with a cord. [Fr. corde — L. chorda. See Chord.] Cordage, kord'aj, «. a quantity oi cords or ropes. Cordelier, kor-de-ler', n. a Franciscan friar, so named from the knotted cord worn by him as a girdle. [O. Fr. cordel, dim. oi corde, a rope.] Cordial, kor'di-al, atij., hearty: with warmth of heart : sincere : affectionate : reviving the heart or spirits. — «. anything which revives or com- ( 96 fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; moon ; Men. Cordon Correct forts the heart : a medicine or drink for refresh- ing the spirits— a^/z/. Cor'dially.— «. Cordiality. [Fr. — L. cor, cordis, the hear:. See Core.] Cordon, kor'don, «. a cord or ribbon bestowed as a badge of honour: (fort.) a row of jutting stones: a hne of military posts. [Fr.] Cordovan, kor'do-van, Cordwain, kord'wan, n. goatskin leather, orig. from Cordova in Spain. Corduroy, kor'du-roy, n. thick cotton stuff, corded or ribbed. [Perh. Fr. corde dii rot, king's cord.] Cordwainer, kord'wan-er, n. a worker in cordovan or cordwain : a shoemaker. Core, kor, «. the heart : the inner part of any- thing:, especially of fruit. [O. Fr. cot — L. cor, cordis, the heart.] Corelative, &c. See Correlative. Coriaceous, kor-i-a'shus, adj., icathery : of or like leather. [L. coriiun — Gr. chorion, skin, leather.] Coriander, kor-i-an'der, 71. an annual plant, the seeds of which when fresh have a iJa^-like smell, used as a medicine, spice, &c. [Fr. — L. cori- aitdmin — Gr. koriatmon, korion, from koris, a bug.] Corinthian, ko-rinth'i-an, adj. pertaining to Corinth, a city of Greece : pertaining to an ornate order of Greek architecture. Cork, kork, n. the outer bark of the cork-tree, an oak found in the south of Europe, &c. : a stopper made of cork. — v.t. to stop with a cork : to stop up. [Sp. corc'io — L. cortex, bark, rind.] Cormorant, kor'mo-rant, n. a genus of web-footed seabirds, of great voracity : a glutton. [Fr. cormoran (It. corvo tnarino), from L. corvus mariniis, the sea-crow. — Bracket.] Corn, korn, «. 3. grain or kernel: seeds that grow in ears, as wheat, rye, &c. : grain of all kinds. — Z'.t. to sprinkle with salt in grains. — n. Com'- field, a field in which corn is growing. [A.S. corfi ; Goth, kqurn ; akin to L. granuin.^ Corn, korn, «. '{lit. ) Jiom : a hard, horny excres- cence on the toe or foot. [Fr. come — Low L. coma — L. cornu, horn, akin to E. Horn.] Corncrake. Same as Crake. Cornea, kor'ne-a, «. the transparent homy mem- brane which forms the front part of the eye. Cornel, kor'nel, n. the cornelian-cYierry or dog- wood-tree, so named from the horny or hard nature of its wood. [O. Fr. cornille. Low L. corniola, comolium — L. comic, a horn.] Cornelian, kor-ne'li-an, n. a precious stone, a variety of chalcedony. [Fr. cornaline — L. cornu, a horn, the stone being so called from the likeness of its colour to the reddish tint of the finger-nail.] Comer, kor'ner, «. a /ior«-like projection : the point where two lines meet : a secret or confined place. [O. Fr. cor>iiere — L. cornu.] Cornered, kor'nerd, adj. having comers. Comer-stone, kor'ner-ston, n. the stone which unites the two walls of a building at a corner : the principal stone, esp. the corner of the foun- dation of a building : hence [Jig.) something of very great importance, as that upon which other things rest. Comet, kor'net, «. (lit.) a little horn: a horn- shaped trumpet : formerly, a body of cavalrj' accompanied by a cornet-player : formerly, the lowest rank of commissioned officers in the British cavalry, corresponding to the present sub-lieutenant.— «. Cor'net-a-pis'ton, a kind of cornet with valves and pistons. [Fr. cornet, dim. of come, a horn, trumpet See Corn, (lit.) horn.] [3, cornet. Cornetcy. kor'net-si, «. the commission or rank of Cornice, kor'nis, n. the highest moulded projec- tion of a wall or column, &c. [Fr. — It. — Low L. coronix, coronicis — Gr. korcnis, a curved line, a flourish ; akin to L. corona.] Comiculate, kor-nik'u-lat, adj., homed: shaped like a horn. [L. coriiiculatus — comiculuin, dim. o{ cornu.] Cornigerous, kor-nij'er-us, adj., bearing horns. [L. cornu, ^nAgero, to bear.] Corn-laws, korn-lawz, n. (in England) laws that restricted the importation of corn by imposing a duty, repealed in 1846. Cornopean, kor-no'pe-an, n. a musical wind- instrument of the Jiom or trumpet kind. [From L. cornu, a horn.] Cornucopia, kor-nu-ko'pi-a, «. (lit.) the hortt of plenty: accortiing to the fable, the horn of the goat that suckled Jupiter, placed among the stars as an emblem of plenty. [L. cornu, and copia, plenty.] Corolla, ko-rol'a, n. the inner covering of a flower composed of one or more leaves called petals. [L. corolla, dim. oi corona, a crown.] Corollary, kor'ol-a-ri, n. an inference or deduction from recognised facts. [L. corollariunt, a little garland, a gratuity — corolla.] Coronal, kor'o-nal. Coronary, kor'o-nar-i, adj. pertaining to a crotun, or to the top of the head. —Coronal, n. a crown or garland : the frontal bone. [L. corona, a crown.] Coronation, kor-o-na'shun, «. the act oi crowning a sovereign. [L. coronatio.] Coroner, kor'o-ner, n. an officer, appointed by the crown, whose duty is to inquire into the causes of accidental or suspicious deaths._ Coronet, kor'o-net, 71. a small or inferior crown worn by the nobility : an ornamental head-dress. —adj. Cor'oneted, having or wearing a coro7iet. Corporal, kor'po-ral, n. among infantry, a non- commissioned or sub-officer ne.xt in rank to a sergeant : in the navy, an officer under a master- at-arms.— ?i. Cor'poralship. [Fr. caporal—lt. caporale — capo, the head — L. caput, the head.] Corporal, kor'po-ral, adj. belonging or relating to the body: having a body : not spiritual. — n. the cloth used in Catholic churches for covering the elements of the Eucharist.— air'i'. Cor'porally. [L. corporalis — corpus, corporis, the body.] Corporate, kor'po-rat, adj. legally united into a body so as to act as an individual : belonging to a corporation : united. — adv. Cor'porately. — 71. Cor'porateness. [L. corporatus — corpo7-o, to shape into a body, from corpus.] Corporation, kor-po-ra'shun, 71. a. body or society authorised by law to act as one individual. Corporeal, kor-po're-al, adj. having a body or substance : material. — adv. Corpo'really. — «. Corporeal'ity. [L. corporeus.] Corps, kor, n. a large body of soldiers, consisting of two divisions, and forming a complete army by itself:—//. Corps, korz. [Fr., from L. corpus. ] Corpse, korps, 71. the dead body of a human being. [O. Fr. corps, or cors, the body — Lat. corpus; akin to A.S. hrif. See Midriff.] Corpulence, kor'pu-lens, Corpulency, kor'pu- len-si, n. fleshiness oi body : excessive fatness. Corpulent, kor'pu-lent, adj. having a large body: fleshy or i^it.—adv. Cor'pulently. [Fr.— L. corpule7ttus — corpus, a body.] Corpuscle, kor'pus-1, «. a minute particle : a physical atom.— arf;. Corpus'cular. [L. corpus- culuiH, a little body, dim. oi corpus, a body.] Correct, kor-ekt', v.t. to make right: to remove fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mSte : mute ; moon ; tk&a. 97 Correction faults : to punish : to counterbalance. — adj. made right or straight : free from faults : true. — adv. Correct'ly.— «. Correct'ness. \\-..corrigo, co>-ri-ct!is—cor, intensive, rego, to rule, set right. J Correction, kor-ek'shun, «. amendment : punish- ment. Correctional, kor-ek'shun-al, Corrective, kor- ekt'iv, adj. tending, or having the power, to cornet. — Correct'ive, h. that which corrects. Corrector, kor-ekt'or, «. he who, or that which, corrects. Correlate, kor'e-lat, v.i. to be Vint ually related, as father and son. — «. Correla'tion. [Coined from L. cor, with, and Relate.] Correlative, kor-el'a-tiv, adj., imttilally or reci- procally related. — n. person or thing correspond- ingly related to another person or thing. — adv. Correl'atively.— «. Correl'ativeness. Correspond, kor-e-spond', v.i. to answer, suit: to hold intercourse, especially by sending and receiving letters. — adv. Correspondingly. [Coined from I,, cor, with, and Respond.] Correspondence, kor-e spond'ens, Correspond- ency, kor-e-spond'en-si, n. suitableness: friendly intercourse : communication by means of letters: letters which pass between correspondents. Correspondent, kor-e-spond'ent, adj. agreeing with: suitable. — «. one with whom intercourse is kept up by letters.— a^i^z/. Correspond ently. Corridor, kor'i-dOr, n. a passage-way or open gallery naming along, communicating with separate chambers. [Fr. — It. corridore, a run- ner, a running — It. corre?e, to run — L. citrro.} Corrigenda, kor-i-jen'da, >t.j>l. things to be cor- rected. [reformed, or punished. Corrigible, kor'i-ji-bl, adj. that may be corrected. Corroborant, kor-ob'o-rant, Corroborative, kor- ob'o-rat-iv, adj. tending to confirm. — «. that which corroborates. Corroborate, koi-ob'o-rat, v.t. to confirm: to make more certain. [L. cor, intensive, and roooro, roboraius, to make strong. See RobUSt. J Corroboration, kor-ob-o-ra'shun, n. confirmation. Corrode, kor-od', v.t. to gnaw or eat away by degrees : to rust. [L. cor, intensive, rodo, rostes, to gnaw.] Corrodent, kor-od'ent, adj. having the power of corroding. — n. that which corrodes. [away. Corrosion, kor-o'zhun, «. act of eating or wasting Corrosive, kor-os'iv, adj. having the quality of eating away. — >i. that which has the power of coTrodm%.— adv. CorBOs'ively.— «. Corros'ive- ness. {'L. corrosus. SeeCorrode.] Corrugate, kor'oo-gat, v.t. to wrinkle or draw into folds. — ?!.. Corruga'tion. [L. cor, inten- sive, nigo, rugattis, to wrinkle — ruga, a wrinkle.] Corrupt, kor-upt', v.t. to make putrid : to defile : to debase ; to bribe. — v.i. to rot : to lose purity. — adj. putrid : depraved : defiled ; not genuine : full of errors.— rtrfzy. Corrupt'ly.— «j-. Corrupt'- ness, Corrupt'er. [L. cor, intensive, and ruvipo, rupius, to break.] Corruptible, kor-upt i-bl, adj. liable to be cor- rupted.— rt^/j/. Corrupt'ibly.— «.f. Corruptibil- ity, Corrupt'ibleness. Corruption, kor-up'shun, n. rottenness : putrid matter : impurity : bribery. [of comiptitig. Corruptive, kor-upt'iv, adj. having the quality Corsair, kor'siir, 71. a pirate : a pirate's vessel. [Fr. corsaire, one who .-nakes the course or ranges — L. cursus, a running— curro, to run.] Corse, kors, «. a poetic form of Corpse. Corselet, Corslet, kors'let, «. a piece of armour Cosmos for covering the iody. [Fr. corselet, dim. of O. Fr. cors — L. corpus, the body.] Corset, kor'set, n. an article of women's dress laced round the iody : stays. [Dim. of O. Fr. cors — L. corpus, the body.] Cortege, kor'tazh, «. a train of attendants, orig. applied only to the court: a procession. [Fr. — It. corteggio — corte, court. See Court.] Cortes, kor'tes, «. the parliament of Spain and Portugal. [Sp.,//. oi corte, acourt.] Cortex, kor'teks, n. the bark or skin of a plant : a covering. — adj. Cor'tical, pertaining to bark : external. \X- cortex, cnrticis,\i?i.xk. See Cork.] Corticate, kor'ti-kra. Corticated, kor'ti-kru-ed, adj. fiirni^ihed with bark; resembling bark. Corundum, ko-run'dum, «. a crystallised mineral of extreme hardness, consisting of pure alumina, used for polishing gems. [Hind, kurand.^ Coruscate, ko-rus'kat or kor'-, v.i. to sparkle: to throw off flashes of light.— «a.t. and />ii.p. cost. — n. what is laid out, or suffered to obtain any- thing. — //. expenses of a lawsuit. [Fr. coAier, O. Fr. caiister — L constare, to stand at — con, and stare, to stand.] Costal, kost'al, adj. relating to the ribs, or to the side of the body. [L. casta, a rib.] Costermonger, kos'ter-mung-ger, «. a seller of costards or apples and other fruit : an itinerant seller of fruit. [Costard, a variety of apple, and Monger.] Costive, kos'tiv, adj. having the motion of the bowels too slow. — adv. Cos'tively. [Fr. cons ti fie. See Constipate ] [of the bowels. Costiveness, kos'tiv-nes, «. slowness in the action Costly, kost'li, adj. oi ^eat cost: high-priced: valuable.—?/. Costliness. Costume, kos-tum', «. the manner of dressing prevalent at a particular period or place : dress. [Fr. — It. — Low L. costuina—h. consuetudo, custom. Doublet of Custom.] Cot, kot, «. a small dwelling, a cottage : a small bed : a sleeping-place on board ship : an in- j closure for sheep or cattle. [A.S. cote, a cot or | den; a doublet of Coat.] [variety of Cot.] [ Cote, kot, n. an inclosure for sheep, &c. [A Cotemporaneous, ko-tem-po-ra'ne-us, Cotempo- rary, ko-tem'po-rar-i. Same as Contempo- raneous, Contemporary. Coterie, ko'te-re, n. a number of persons who meet familiarly for social, literary, or other pur- poses. [Fr. ; orig. a number of peasants clubbed together to obtain a tenure of land from a lord — Low L. cota, a hut. See Cot.] Cotillon, Cotillion, ko-til'yun, n. a brisk dance by eiglit persons. [Fr. — cotte, a petticoat — Low L. cotta, a tunic. See Coat.] Cotquean, kot'kwen, n. a man who busies himself with women's affairs. [Cot, a small house, and qiiea7i."[ Cottage, kotaj, n. a cot: formerly applied to a hut or hovel, now to a small neat dwelling. Cottager, kot'aj-er, «. one who dwells in a cottage. Cottar, Cotter, kot'er, n. Same as Cottager. Cotton, kot'n, n. a soft substance like fine wool, got from the pods of the cotton-plant : cloth made of cotton. [Fr. colon — Ar. qittnn.'S Cotyledon, kot-i-le'don, n. a cup-shaped leaf or lobe in certain plants, forming part of the seed, and on which the growing germ is nourished. [Gr. kotyledon — kotyle, a cup.] CotyledonoUS, kot-i-le'don-us or -led'on-us, adj. pertaining to or having cotyledotis or seed-lobes. Couch, kowch, v.t. to lay dow>t on a bed, &c. : to arrange in language, to express : to depress or remove a cataract in the eye. — v.i. to lie down for the purpose of sleep, concealment, &c. : to bend or stoop in reverence. — Couch a spear, to fix it in its rest at the side of the armour. [Fr. cojicher, to lay or lie down, O. Fr. colcher ■ — L. collocare, to place — col, and lociis, a place.] Couch, kowch, 71. any place for rest or sleep : a bed. COUChant, kowch'ant, adj., couching or lying down with the head raised. [Fr., pr.p. of co7icher.'\ [as the puma. [Brazilian.] Cougar, koo'gar, n. an American animal ; same Cough, kof, n. an effort of the lungs to throw off injurious matter, accompanied by a harsh sound, proceeding from the throat. — v.i. to make this Countermarch effort.— zi./. to e.xpel from the throat or lungs by a cough. [From a Low Oer. root found in Dut. kugchen, to cough, imitative of the sound.] Could, kood, past tense of Can. [O. E. coude, couth — A. S. cutke for cunthe, was able ; / is in- serted from the influence oi -would Oind should.] Coulter. See Colter. Council, kown'sil, n. an assembly called together for deliberation or advice. [Fr. concile — L. C071.. ciliuni — coti, together, and root cal, to call. ] Councillor, kown'sil-or, n. a member of a council. Counsel, kown'sel, «.. constdtation : deliberation : advice: plan: purpose: one who gives counsel, a barrister or advocate. — v.t. to give advice : to warn : — pr.p. coun'selling ; pa.p. coun'selled. [Fr. cottseil—'L. consilium, advice — consulere, to consult.] Counsellor, kown'se!-or, n. one who counsels : a barrister.— «. Coun'sellorship. Count, kownt, n. on the continent, a title of nobility equal in rank to an English earl.— ^7«. Count'ess, the wife of a count or earl. [Fr. comte, from L. comes, comitis, a companion (of a prince) — con, with, and eo. Hum, to go.] Count, kownt, v.t. to number, sum up: to ascribe: esteem : consider. — v.i. to add to or increase a number by being counted to it : to depend. — n. act of numbering: the number counted : a par- ticular charge in an indictment. — adj. Count'- less. [O. Fr. cunter, Fr. compter— 1... com- putare. See Compute.] Countenance, kown'ten-ans, n. the face : the ex- pression of the face : appearance. — v.t. to favour or approve. [Fr. contenance — L. continetitia, restraint, in late L. demeanour — L. continere, to contain. See Contain.] Counter, kown'ter, n. he who or that which counts: that which indicates a number : a piece of metal, &c. used in reckoning : a table on which money is counted or goods laid. Counter, kown'ter, adv., against: in opposition. — rtfl?/. contrary : opposite. [L. c<7«^ra, against ] Counteract, kown-ter-akt', v.t. to act counter or in opposition to : to hinder or defeat. — n. Coun- terac'tion. Counteractive, kown-ter-akt'iv, adj. tending to coztnteract. — >i. one who or that which counter- acts.— ^rfz'. Counteract'ively. Counterhalance, kown-ter-bal'ans, v.i. to balance by weight on the opposite side : to act against with equal weight, power, or influence. Counterbalance, kown'ter-bal-ans, 71. an equal weight, power, or agency working in opposition. Counterfeit, kown'ter-fit, v.t. to imitate : to copy without authority: to forge. [Fr. co7ttrefaii, from contre/aire, to imitate — L. co7itra, against, facere, to do, to make.] Counterifeit, kown'ter-fit, «. something false or copied, or that pretends to be true and original. — adj. pretended : made in imitation of: forged; false. Counterfoil, kown'ter-foil, 71. the corresponding part of a tally or check. [Counter and FoiL] Countermand, kown-ter-mand', v.t. to give a co»t7)i.tnd in opposition to one already given : to revoke. [Fr. centre i?iande>- — L. cofitra, against, and mando. to order.] Countermand, kown'ter-mand, 71. a revocation of a former order.— a^//'. Countermand'able. Countermarch, kown-ter-march', v.i. to march back or in a direction contrary to a former one. Countermarch, kown'ter-march, n. a marching backward or in a direction different fropi a former one; {mil.) an evolution by which a fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; moon ; tAen. 99 Counterpane body of men change front, and still retain the same men in the front rank : change of measures. Counterpane, kown'tir-pan, «. a coverlet for a bed, stitclu'ii or woven in squares. [A corr. of O. Fr. c(iniref>oiuctf, which is a corr. of coiilic- pointe-\,. ciihita puiicta, a stitched pillow or cover. See Qullt. 1 Counterpart, kown'ter-pSrt, «. the part that an.swers to another part : that wliich fits into or completes another, having the qualities which the other lacks, and so an opposite. Counterpoint, knwn'lcr-point, n. the older form of Counterpane. Counterpoint, kown'tcr-point, n. [music] written harniony which originally consisted of points placed of'posite to each other : the setting of a harmony of one or more parts to a melody : the art of composition. [Fr. contrepoint — coitirc, against, a.nd paint, a point. See Counter and Point. ] Counterpoise, kown-ter-poiz', Tj.t. to poise or weigh against or on the opposite side : to act in opposition to with equal effect. — «. Coun'ter- polse, an equally heavy weight in the other scale. [Counter and Polse.] Counterscarp, kown'ter-skarp, n. [fori.) the side of the ditch nearest to the besiegers and opposite to the scarp. [Counter and Scarp. J Countersign, kown'ter-sin, v.t. to sign on the opposite side of a writing : to sign in addition to the signature of a superior, to attest the authen- ticity of a writing. — 7i. a military private sign or word, which must be given in order to pass a sentry : a counter-signature. [Counter and Sign.] {countersigned to a writing. Counter-signature, kown'ter-sig'na-tur, n. a name Counter-tenor, kown'ter-ten'or, n. name applied to alto, when sung by a male voice (so called, because a contrast to tenor). Countervail, kown-ter-val', v.t. to be of avail against : to act against with equal effect : to be of equal value to. [Counter and Avail.] Countess. See under Count. Country, kun'tri, n. a rural region as distinct from a town : a tract of land : the land in which one was born, or in which one resides. — adj. belong- ing to the country : rustic: rude. [Fr. cojitree — Low L. contrata, conirada, an extension of L. co7itra, over against. It was a name adapted by the German settlers in Gaul as a translation of Ger. gegend, region (from gegen, over against).] Country-dance. See Contra-dance. Countryman, kun'tri-man, «. one who lives in the country : a farmer : one born in the same country with another. County, kown'ti, «. (orig.) the province ruled by a count : a portion of a country separated for the administration of justice: a shire. Couple, kup'l, n. two of a.\dnA joined toget^ter, or connected : two : a pair. — v.t. to join together: to unite. [Fr., from L. co/»/«. See Copula.] Couplet, kup'let, «., two lines of verse that rhyme with each other. Coupling, kup'ling, n. that which connects. Coupon, k(Xi'pong, n. an interest warrant attached to transferable bonds, which is cut ^^when pre- sented for payment. [Fr. — couper, to cut off.] Courage, kur'aj, «. the quality that enables men to meet dangers without fear : bravery : spirit. [Fr. courage, from L. cor, the heart.] Courageous, kur-a'jus, adj., full of courage: \>Ta.vacc inclosed: a space sur- rounded by houses : the palace of a sovereign : the body of persons who form his suite or coun- cil : attention : civility, as to pay court : (law) the hall of justice : the judges and officials who preside there : any body of persons assembled to decide causes, whether civil, military, or eccle- siastical. — v.t. to pay attentions to: to woo : to solicit : to seek. — n. Court'yard, a court or in- closure near a house. [Fr. cour, O. Fr. cprt- - Low L. cortis, a cotirtyard — L. cors^ cokors, an inclosure ; akin to Gr. chortos, an inclosed place, L. kortus, a garden. See .Yard.] Courteous, kurt'yus, adj. of co7irt-like manners : polite : respectful : obliging. — adv. Court'eously. —n. Court'eousness. Courtesan, Courtezan, kurt'e-zan, ». a fashion- able prostitute. [Sp. cortesa7ia — corte, court. See Court.] Courtesy, kurt'e-si, «., C07trtli7tess : elegance of manner : an act of civility or re.spect. Courtesy, kurt'si, «. the gesture of salutation or respect performed by women by slightly de- pressing the body and bending the knees. — zi.i. to make a courtesy : — pr.p. court'esying ; pa.p. court'esied. [O. Fr. cortoisie. See Court.] Courtier, kort'yer, 71. one who frequents co7trts or palaces : one who courts or flatters. Courtly, kort'li, adj. having manners like those of a court : elegant. — «. Courtliness. Court-martial, kOrt'-mar'shal, n. a court held by officers of the ari7iy or navy for the trial of offences against military or naval laws. — pi. Courts-mar'tiaL Court-plaster, kort'-plas'ter, «. sticking plaster made of silk, orig. applied as patches on the face by ladies at co7irt. Courtship, kOrt'ship, «. the act of wooing with intention to marry. Cousin, kuz'n, 71. formerly, a kinsman generally : now, the son or daughter of an uncle or aunt. — Cousin-german, a first-cousin. [Fr.— L. cojiso- bri7ius — C071, sig. connection, and sohri/ais for sorori7ius, applied to the children of sisters — soror, a sister.] Cove, kov, 71. a small inlet of the sea : a bay. — v.t. to overarch, and thus form a hollow. [A.S. cofa, a chamber ; Ice. kof, a shed ; not to be confused with cave or alcove.^ Covenant, kuv'e-nant, 71. a mutual agreement : the writing containing the agreement. — v.i. to enter into an agreement : to contract or bargain. [O. Fr. — L. C071, together, and ve7iio, to come.] Covenanter, kuv-e-nant'er, n. one who signed or adhered to the Scottish National Covenant of 1638. Cover, kuv'er, v.t. to hide : to clothe : to .shelter : to brood qr sit on : to be sufficient for, as to cover expense. — «. that which covers or pro- tects : (Jumting) the retreat of a fox or hare. 100 fate, far ; me, her ; mine : mote ; mute ; mooa ; Men. Covering [Fr. comirir (It. coprire) — L. cooperire — con, ailu ofierio, to cover.] Covering, kuv'er-ing, «. anything that covers. Coverlet, kuv'er-let, «. a bedcover. [Fr. cotivre- lii, from coiivre, and lit — L. leciuin, a bed.] Covert, kuv'ert, adj., covered : concealed : secret. — ;/. a place that covers or affords protection. Covertly, kuv'ert-li, adv. in a covered or concealed manner. Covertui'e, kuv'er-tur, «., covering-, shelter, de- fence : {iaw) the condition of a married woman. Covet, kuv'et, v.t. or v.i. to desire or wish for eagerly: to wish for what is unlawful. — adj. Cov'etable. [O. Fr. coveiier, Fr. convoiier; It. cubitare — L. cupidus, desirous — cupio, to desire.] Covetous, kuv'e£-us, adj. inordinately desirous : avaricious.— rt(/j'. Cov'etously.— «. Cov'etous- ness. Covey, kuv'i. n, a brood or hatch of birds: a small flock of birds — said of game. [Fr. coiivee — couve, pa.p. of couver, to hatch — I., ciibo, to lie down.] Cow, kow, «. the female of the bull. [A.S. cu ; Ger. kuh, Sans, go : from its cry.] Cow, kow, v.t. to subdue, keep u>ider : to dis- hearten. [Ice. kuga, Dan. kue, to subdue, to keep under.] Coward, kow'ard, w. one who turns tail: one without courage. [O. Fr. coitard. It. codardo — L. Cauda, a tail.] Coward, kow'ard, Cowardly, kow'ard-li, adj. afraid of danger: timid: mean. — adrt. Cow'- ardly. -«. Cow'ardUness. [timidity. Cowardice, kow'ard-is, «. want of courage : Cower, kow'er, v.i. to sink down, generally through fear : to crouch. [Cf. Ice. Aura, Dan. kure, to lie quiet.] Cowl, kowl, n. a cap or hood: a monk's hood: a cover for a chimney. [A.S. cufle ; Ice. coji : akin to L. cttcullus, hood.] Cowled, kowld, adj. wearing a coivl. Cowpox, kow'poks, «. a disease which appears in pox or pimples on the teats of the cow, the matter from which is used for Vaccination. Cowry, kow'ri, 71. a small shell used as money in the E. Indies and in Africa. [Hind. kauri.\ Cowslip, kow'slip, n. a species of primrose which appears early in spring in moist places. [A.S. ku-slyppe, a word of doubtful meaning.] Cowtree, kow'tre, n. a tree that produces a nourishing fluid resembling milk. Coxcomb, koks'kom, 71. a strip of red cloth notched like a cock's comb, which professional fools used to wear : a fool : a fop. [Corr. of Cockscomb.] Coxswain. See Cockswain. Coy, koy, adj. modest : bashful : shy. — adv. Coy'ly. — 71. Coy'neSS. [Fr. cci : from L quietus, quiet.] [ishly.— «. Coy'isliness. Coyish, koy'ish, adj., so77teivJiat coy. — adv. Coy'- Coz, kuz, 71. a c^jntraction of Cousin. Cozen, kuz'n, v.t. to flatter: to cheat.— «. Ooz'- ener. [From Fr. cousi7ier, to claim kindred for one's own advantage, play the parasite— co?^.r/«, a cousin.] [deceit. Cozenage, kuz'n-aj, n. the practice of cheati7ig : Cozy, ko'zi, adj. snug : comfortable. — adv. Co'zily. [Fr. causer, to chat ; prob. fr. Ger. kose7i, to caress ] Crab, krab, «. a common shell-fish having ten legs, the front pair terminating in claws : a sign in the zodiac. [A.S. crabba; Ger. krabbe.] Crab, krab, «. a wild i^zV^^r apple. [Perh. because it pinches, like a crab.'\ Crabbed, krab'ed, adj. ill-natured : peevish : Cranium harsh : rough : difficult, perplexing. — adv. Crabb'edly.— «. Crabb'edness. Crack, krak, v.i. to utter a sharp sudden sound: to split. — v.t. to produce a sudden noise : to break into chinks : to split : to break partially or wholly. — 7t. a sudden sharp splitting sound : a chink : a flaw. [A.S. cearcia7i, to cr.ack ; Dut. krak, Gael, c/iac; like Creak, Croak, &c., from the sound.] Cracker, krak'er, 11. the person or thing which c7-acks : a noisy firework : a hard biscuit. Crackle, krak'l, v.i. to give out slight \t\Afreque7it c7-acks. — «. Crackling, the rind of roasted pork. Cracknel, krak'nel, 71. a hard, brittle biscuit. Cradle, kra'dl, «. a bed or crib in which children are rocked : [fig. ) infancy : a frame in which anything is imbedded : a case for a broken limb : a frame under a ship for launching it. — v.t. to lay or rock in a cradle. [A. S. cradol, borrowed from Gael, creathall, a cradle, a grate ; akin to L. craticula, dim. of crates, a crate, and to E. Hurdle. See Crate.] Craft, kraft, 71. cunning : dexterity : art : trade : small ships. [A.S. craeft ; Ger. kra/t, power, energy; from root of Cramp.] [or trade. Craftsman, krafts'man, 71. one engaged in a C7a/t Crafty, kraft'i, adj. having c7-a/t or skill : cunn- ing : deceitful.— rtrfz'. Craft'ily.— «. Craftiness. Crag, krag, 71. a rough, steep rock or point ; (geol.) a bed of gravel mixed with shells. [Gael. creag, \V. craig, a rock, which is short for car-eg, a dim. from root car, a rock, whence also cai^n = E, Cairn.] Cragged, krag'ed, Craggy, krag'i, adj.,/idl oj crags or broken rocks : rough : rugged. — 7is. Cragg'edness, Cragg'iness. Crake, krak, Corn'CI-ake, «. the landrail, a migra- tory bird which lives much among grass, corn, &c. [So named from its cry.] Cram, kram, v.t. to press close : to stuff: to fill to superfluity. — v.i. to eat greedily : — pr.p. cramm'- ing ; pa.p. crammed'. — «. Cramm'er, one who prepares students for e.xamination by C7a/7i77ii7ig them with the required knowledge. [A.S. cra/7i//iia7i ; Ice. krei7ija, to squeeze; Dan. kra77i}7ie, to crumple, crush.] Cramp, kramp, 71. a painful spasmodic contraction of muscles : restraint : a piece of iron bent at the ends, for holding together wood, stone, &c. — v.t. to affect with spasms : to confine : to hinder : to fasten with a crampiron. [E. ; Ger. krai/ipf, conn, with Clamp.] Crampfish, kramp'fish, 71. the torpedo, because it causes spas/7ts when touched. Cranberry, kran'ber-i, 71. a red, sour bcT^y grow- ing on a stalk resembling the neck of a cra7ie, much used for tarts, &c. Crancb, kranch. Same as Crunch. Crane, kran, «. a large wading bird, with long legs, neck, and bill : a bent pipe for drawing liquor out of a cask, a machine for raising heavy weights — both named from their likeness to the bird. [A.S. cra7i ; Ger. kra7iich, W. gara7i ; Gi. gera7ios, L. griis, a crane, from the sound ; cf. Grarrulous.] Cranial, kra'ni-al, ad^'. pertaining to the cra7iiu>/i. Craniologist, kra-ni-ol'o-jist, 71. one skilled in craniology. Craniology, kra-ni-ol'o-ji, 71. the study of skulls phrenology adj. Craniolog'ical. [Low L. cra7iiu/it, a skull, and Gr. logos, a discourse.] Cranium, krani-um, «. the skull: the bones in- closing the brain. [Low L. cra7iiu/n — Gr. kra7iio7i, from kare, the head.] fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; moSn ; thtix. 101 Crank Orank, krangk, n. a crt>ok or bend: a bend on an axis for communicating motion : a twisting or conceit in speech. [I'Vom an E. root kraiik, seen also in Diit, kroiikcli'ii, ki iiikehu, to curl, twist, bend; also in E. Cringe, Crinkle.] Crank, kran-k, Crankle, krangk'l, Crinkle, kringk'l, v.t. to form with short turns or wrinkles. — v.i. to bend, turn, wind, or wrinkle. Crank, krangk, Cranky, krangk'i, adj. weak : (nant.) liable to be upset. [Froni the notion of bending; cf. Ger. kraiik, sick.] Crankle,^ krangk'l. Crinkle, kringkl, 71. a turn, winding, or wrinkle. Crankness, krangk'nes, «. liability to be upset. Crannog, kran'og, «. the name given in Scotland and Ireland to a fortified island (partly natural and partly artificial) in a lake, used as a dwell- ing-place and place of refuge among the early inhabitants. Cranny, kran'i, «. [lit.) a rent: a chink: a secret place. [Fr. crau, a notch — L. crena, a notch.] Crape, krap, «. a thin transparent crisp or crim- pled silk stuff, usually black, used in mourning. [Fr. cripe, O. Fr. crespe — L. crispus, crisp.] Crapulence, krap'u-lens, n sickness caused by intemperance. — adj. Crap'ulOUS, Crap'ulent. [Fr. crapule — L. craptila, intoxication.] Crash, krash, n. a noise as of things breaking or being crushed by falling. — v.i. to make a noise as of things falling and breaking. [Formed from the sound. See Crush.] Crasis, kra'sis, n. (gravi.) the tningling or con- traction of two vowels into one long vowel, or into a diphthong. [Gr. krasis—keranniiini, to mix.] Crass, kras, adj., gross : thick : coarse. [L. crass7is.] Crassament, kras'a-ment, «. the gross or thick part of a fluid, esp. blood. [L. crassamentuin — crassus. ] Crassitude, kras'i-tud, «. grossness: coarseness. Cratch, krach, «. a crib to hold hay for cattle, a manger. [Fr. creche, a manger; from a Tent, root, of which E. Crib is an example.] Crate, krat, «., wicker-ivork : a case made of rods wattled together, and used for packing crockery in. [L crates, a hurdle. See Cradle.] Crater, krat'er, «. the iowi-fihsiped mouth of a volcano. [L. crater — Gr. krater, a large bowl for mixing wine, from keranniimi, to mix.] Craunch, kranch. A form of Crunch. Cravat, kra-vat', «. a kind of neckcloth worn by men, introduced into France in 1636 from the Cravates or Croatians. [Fr. cravate, a corrup- tion of Croat.\ Crave, krav, v.t. to beg earnestly : to beseech : to demand or require : to long for. [A. S. crajian, to crave.] Craven, krav'n, 71. a coward : a spiritless fellow. — adj. cowardly: spiritless. — ad^i. Crav'enly. — «. Crav'enness. [Orig. crava/tt, or cravaitd, cravi/ig quarter or mercy when vanquished.] Craving, krav'ing, n. a strong desire. Craw, kraw, «. the crop, throat, or first stomach of fowls. [D.in. k7-oe ; Ger. krage7i; Scot crai^, the neck.] Crawfish. See Crayfish. Crawl, krawl, v.i. to creep or move on: to move feebly or slowly. [Ice. krajla, Dan. kravle ; Ger. krabbetn, to creep.] Crayfish, kra'fish, Crawfish, kraw'fish, 71. a small species oi crab or lobster, found in fre.sh water. [A corr. of Fr. icre^iisse, from O. Ger. krebiz, a crab ; not a compound of Fish.] Credulity Crayon, kra'on, 7t. a pencil made of chalk or pipe- clay, variously coloured, used for drawing : a drawing done with crayons. [Fr. crayon — crate, chalk, from L. creta, chalk.] Craze, kraz, v.t. to weaken : to derange (applied to the intellect). — adv. Craz'edly. [Ice. krasa, to crackle, from which also is derived Fr. ^eraser, to crush, shatter; akin to Crash.] Crazy, kraz'i, adj. feeble : crack-brained : insane. —adv. Craz'ily.— «. Craz'iness. Creak, krek, v.i. to make a sh.irp, cracki7ig, grat- ing soii7id, as of a hinge, &c. [E. ; O. Fr. criqiier, is from the same Teut. root ; conn, with Crack.] Cream, krem, «. the oily substance which forms on milk : the best part of anything. — v.t. to take ofif the cream. — v.i. to gather or form cream. [Fr. crh/ie — Low L. cjeiiia; perh. allitd to AS. redjn, Ger. rali7n, which had prob. initial A.] Cream-faced, krem'-fast, adj., pale-faced either naturally or through fear : coward-looking. Creamy, krem'i, adj., full of or like cream: gathering like cream. — /i. Cream'iness. Crease, kres, 71. a mark made by folding or doub- ling anything. — v.t. to make creases in anything. [Bret, kriz, a wrinkle ; perh. akin to L. crispus.^ Crease, Creese, kres, «. a Malay dagger. [The Malay word.] Creasote. See Creosote. Create, kre-at', v.t. to bring into being or form out of nothing : to beget : to form : to invest with a new form, office, or character : to pro- duce. [L. creo, creatus : cog. with Gr. k7-aiud, to accomplish, to fulfil ; Sans, kri, to make.] Creatin, kre'a-tin, 71. a crystallisable substance found in the flesh or muscular tissue of animals. [Gr. kreas, flesh.] Creation, kre-a'shun, «. the act of creating, esp, the universe : that which is created, the world, the universe. [L. creatio."] Creative, kre-a'liv, adj. having power to create : that creates.— o^z'. Crea'tively.— «. Crea'tive- ness. Creator, kre-a'tor, 71. he who creates : a maker. — The Creator, the Supreme Being, God. Creature, kre'tur, «. whatever has been created, animate or inanimate : esp. every animated being, an animal, a man : a term of contempt or endearment : a dependent. [O. Fr.— L. creatura.] Credence, kre'dens, 71. belief: trust : the small table beside the altar on which the bread and wine are placed before being consecrated. [Low L. credeniia — crede7it-, believing, pr.p. oi credo.] Credent, kre'dent, adj. easy of belief. Credential, kre-den'shal, adj. giving a title to belief or credit. — «. that which entitles to credit or confidence.—//, esp. the letters by which one claims confidence or authority among strangers. Credible, kred'i-bl, adj. that may be believed. — 7ts. Credibil'ity, Cred'ihleness.— <7i/z'. Cred'- ibly. Credit, kred'it, «. , belief: esteem: reputation: honour : good character : sale on trust : time allowed for payment : the side of an account on which payments received are entered. — v.t. to believe: to trust : to sell or lend to on trust : to enter on the credit side of an account : to set to the credit of. [L. o-editus — credo.] Creditable, kredit-a-bl, adj. trustworthy : bring- ing credit or honour. — n. Cred'itableness. — adv. Cred'itably. (a debt is due. Creditor, kred it-or, n. {commerce) one to whom Credulity, kre-du'li-ti, 71., credulousness : disposi- tion to believe on insufficient evidence. 103 fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; moon ; Men. Credulous Credulous, kred'u-lus, adj., easy o/belirf: apt to believe without sufficient evidence : unsuspect- ing.— rt^/r/. Cred'ulously.— «. Cred'ulousness. Creed, kred, «. a summary of the articles of reli- gious beiief. [L. credo, I believe, the first word of the Apostles' Creed ; akin to Sans, craddha, faith.] Creek, krek, «. a small inlet or bay of the sea or a river : any turti or ivinding. [A modification of Crook ; A.S. crecca; cog. with Dut. kreek ; Ice. kriki, a corner — orig. a bend.} Creeky, krek'i, adj. full of creeks : winding. Creel, krel, «. a basket, esp. an angler's basket. [Gael.] Creep, krep, v.i. to move on the belly, like a snake : to move slowly : to grow along the ground or on supports, as a vine : to fawn : — pf-p. creep'ing ; pa.t. and/«./. crept. [AS. creopan; Dut. krutpen.] [small climbing birds. Creeper, krep'er, n. a creeping plant : a genus of Creese. See Crease. Cremation, krem-a'shun, K. act of burning, esp. of the dead. [L. crematio, from cret/io, to burn.] Cremona, krem-o'na, «. a superior kind of violin made at Cfeiiiona in Italy. Crenate, kre'nat, Crenated, kre'nat-ed, adj. [bot.) having the edge notclied, [L. crena, a notch.] Crenelated, kre-nel-at'ed, aiij. furnished with notches in a parapet to fire through : indented : battlemented. [Low L. crenellare, to indent — cretiellus, a battlement — L. crena, a notch.] Creole, kre'ol, «. strictly applied to an inhabitant of S. America or W. Indies born in the country and of pure European blood : one born in tropical America of any colour, but of a race not native to it. [Fr. creoie—S'p. criollo, contr. of cria- dillo, 'a little nursling,' dim. oicriado — criar, lit. to create, also to bring up, to nurse— L. creare.} Creosote, kre'o-sot, Creasote, kre'a-sot, n. an oily, colourless liquid distilled from woodtar, and having the quality oi preserving Jlesh from corruption. [Gr. kreas, kreos, flesh, and soter, a preserver, from sozo, to save.] Crepitate, krep'i-tat, v.i. to crackle, as salt when suddenly heated. [L. crepito, crepitatiis, fre- quentative of crepo, to crack, rattle.] Crepitation, krep-i-ta'shun, w. a repeated snap- ping noise. Crept, krept,/a.^. KaApa.p. of Creep. Crepuscular, kre-pus'ku-lar, Crepusc\ilous, kre- pusTcu-lus, adj. of or pertaining to t~wiligkt. Crepuscule, kre-pus'knl, Crepuscle, kre-pus'l, «., tiviliglit. [L. crepttscidum — creper, dusky, obscure.] Crescendo, kres-en'dO, adv. with an increasing volume of sound, a musical term whose sign is -<: Orescent, kres'ent, adj., increasing. — n. the moon as she increases lo-ftaxAs half-moon : a figure like the crescent moon, as that on the Turkish standard: the standard itself: the Turkish power : a range of buildings in curved form. [L. crescens, cresceniis, pr. p. oi cresco, to grow.] Cress, kres, n. the name of several species of plants like the watercress, which grow in moist places, and have pungent leaves used as a salad. [A.S. ccerse, cressce : cog. with Dut. kers, Ger. kresse.\ Cresset, kres'et, n. a cruse, jar, or open lamp filled with combustible material, placed on a beacon, lighthouse, &c. [Fr. creuset. See Crock, Cruse.] Crest, krest, n. the comb or tuft on the head of a cock and other birds : a plume of feathers or other ornament on the top of a helmet: [her.) a figure placed over a coat of arm.s. — v.t. to Cringe furnish with, or serve for, a crest. [O. Fr. creste — L. crista.] Crest-fallen, krest'-fawln, adj. dejected : heartless. Crestless, krest'les, adj. without a crest : not of high birth. Cretaceous, kre-ta'shus, adj. composed of or like chalk. [L. cretaceus, from creta, chalk.] Cretin, kre tin, n. one of a class of idiots found in deep valleys, esp. among the Alps, and generally afflicted with goitre. [Ety. dub.] Cretinism, kre tin-izm, 71. the condition of a cretin. Crevasse, krev-as', «. a crack or split, esp. applied to a cleft in a glacier. [Fr. crevasse — crever, to burst, rive — L. crepare, to creak, crack.] Crevice, krev'is, }i. a crack or rent : a narrow opening. [A doublet of Crevasse.] Crew, kr<3o, n. a company, in a bad or contemptu- ous sense : a ship's company. [Ice. km, a mul- titude; Sw. kry, to swarm.] Crew, kroo — did crow — past tense of Crow. Crewel, kroo'el, n. a kind of embroidery. [Cf. Clew.] Crib, krib, «. the rack or manger of a stable : a stall for oxen : a child's bed : a small cottage : [colloq.) a literal translation of the classics, which schoolboys use unfairly in preparing their lessons. — v.t. to put away in a crib, confine, pilfer: — pr.p. cribb'ing ; pa.p. cribbed'. [A.S. crib; Ger. krippe.'\ Cribbage, krib'aj, n. a game at cards in which the dealer makes up a third hand to himself partly by cribbing or taking from his opponent. Cribble, krib'l, «. a coarse screen or sieve, used for sand, gravel, or corn : coarse flour or meal. — z'.t. to sift or riddle. [L. cribellum, dim. of cribnan, a sieve.] Crick, krik. It. a spasm or cramp, esp. of the neck. [A doublet of Creek.] Cricket, krik'et, n. a genus of insects allied to grasshoppers, which make a chirping noise with their wing-covers. [Fr. criquet, from Teut. root of Creak. ] Cricket, krik'et, n. a game with bat and ball. — v.i. to play at cricket. [A.S. cricc, a staff; the game was at first played with a club or staff.] Cricketer, krik'et-er, «. one who plays at cricket. Cried, krid,/a./. and /a./, of Cry. Crime, krim, «. a violation of law : offence : sin. [Fr. — L. crimen.'] Criminal, krim'in-al, adj. relating to crime: guilty of crime : violating laws. — n. one guilt)' of mme.— adv. Crim'inally. Criminality, krim-in-al'i-ti, n. guiltiness. Criminate, krim'in-at, v.i. to accuse. — adj. Crim'- inatory. U"g: accusation. Crimination, krim-in-a'shun, n. act of criminat- Crimp, krimp, adj. made crisp or brittle. — v.t. to wrinkle : to plait : to make crisp : to seize or decoy. — n. one v.'ho decoys another into the naval or military service. [A dim. of cramp; Dut. krimpen, to shrink.] Crimple, krimp'l, v. t. to contract or draw together : to plait : to curl. [Dim. of Crimp.] Crimson, krim'zn, n. a deep red colour, tinged with blue : red in general. — adj. of a deep red colour. — v.t. to dye crimson. — v.i. to become crimson : to blush. [O. E. crimosyn — O. Fr. cramoisin ; from Ar kerinez (= Sans, krimi, L. vermis, E. worm), the cochineal insect, from which it is made.] Cringe, krinj, v.i. to bend: to crouch with ser- vility: to submit: to fawn: to flatter. [A.S. crincan, cringan, to face ; connected with Crank, weak.] fSte, far ; me, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; mSOn ; th^vu 1Q3 Crlngeling Crlngellng, krinj'ling, «. one who cringes. Crinlte, krT'nIt, adj., hairy: (hot.) resembling a tiilt of hair. [L. criuitus, provided with hair— rriti/s, hair.] Crinkle. See under Crank and Crankle. Crinoline, krin'o-lin, «. a lady's stiff petticoat, ontliiially made of luiircloth, but afterwards e.vpaiuled by hotjps, &c. [Fr. crin—l.. crhiis, hair, and lin—V.. Uniitn, fla.v.J Cripple, krip'l, «. a lame person.— «(//'. lame.— v.t. to make lame : to dejjrive of the power of exertion. [From root of Creep.] Crisis, kri'sis, «. point or time for deciding any- thing—that is, when it must either terminate or take a new course : the decisive moment.—//. Crises, kri'sez. [Gr. krisis, from krmd, to sepa- rate.] '^ Crisp, krisp, adj., curled: so dry as to be crumbled easily : brittle.— r/.^. to curl or twist : to make wavy.— rt^/jy. Crisply.—;/. Crlsp'ness. [L. cris/>us. ] Crispy, krisp'i, adj., curled ot curly: brittle. Cnterion, kn-te'ri-on, «. a vicans or standard of judgmg: a test: a rule :— //. Crlte'ria. [Gr. from krites, a j udge— /?rr/«o. ] Critic, krit'ik, «. a judge in literature, the fine arts, &c. : a^fault-finder. [Gr. krit ikos—krino .'\ t-ntical, krit ik-al, adj. relating to criticism : skilled in judging literary and other productions • discriminating : captious : decisive.— rt^z/. Crit'- ically.— «. Crit'icalness. [censure. Criticise, krit'i-slz, v.t. to pass judgment on: to Oriticism, krit'i-sizm, «. the art of judging, esp. m literature or the fine arts: a critical judgment or observation. Critique, kri-tek', «. a criticism or critical exami- nation of any production : a review. [Fr.] Croak, krok, n.i. to utter a low rough sound as a frog or raven : to grumble : to forebode evil.—?/. the sound of a frog or raven.—?/. Croak'er [from the sound. Cf. Crake, Crow, and L g:>-aculus, a jackdaw.] Crochet, kro'sha, «. fancy knitting made by means of a small hook. [Fr. c?-oclict, a little crook a hook— v!i\.—v.t to cut off the top or ends: to cut sliort or close: to mow, reap, or gather:—/?-/ cropping; /„./. cropped'.-Crop OUt, v.i. to appear above the surface: to come to light. \.\>,. crop, the top shoot of a plant ; any pro- tuberance, as the crop of a bird ; Dut. crop, a birds crop.] Croquet, krOka, ?/. a game in which two or more players try to drive wooden balls, by means of long-handled mallets, through a series of arches set m the ground. [Ety. unknown.] crosier, kro'zher, ?/. a staff with a crook at the top carried before bishops on solemn occ.isions. [O. l-ossing each other near the points. Crossbow, kros'bo, ?/. a weapon for shooting arrows, formed of a bow placed crosswise on a stock. Crossbun, kros'bun, ;/. a bun marked with the form of a cross, eaten on Good- Friday. Cross-examine, kros-egz-am'in, v.t. to test the evidence of a witness by subjecting him to an examination by the opposite party.—?/. Cross- examina'tion. Cross-grained, kros'-grand, adj. having the grain or fibres crossed or intertwined : perverse : con- trary: untractable. Crossing, kros'ing, ?/. act of going across: a thwarting : a place for passing from one side to the other. Crosslet, kros'let, ?/. a little cross. [examine. Cross-question, kros'-kwest-yun, v.i. to cross- Crosstrees, kros'trez, ?/. pieces of timber placed across the upper end of the lower-masts and top- masts of a ship. Crossway, kros'wa, ?/. a way that crosses another. Crosswise, kros'wTz, adv. in the form of a cross : across. Crotchet, kroch'et, ?/. a note in music, equal to half a minim, 1 : a crooked or perverse fancy : a whim or conceit. [Fr. crocliet, diminutive of croc, a hook. See Crochet.] 104 fate, far ; me, hSr ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; moOn ; //ien. Crotchety Crotchety, kroch'et-i, adj. having croicheis or peculiarities : whimsical. Croton, kro'toii, «. a genus of tropical plants, pro- ducing a brownish-yellow oil, having a hot biting taste. [Gr. k;-oidn, a tick or mite, which the seed of the plant resembles.] Crouch, krowch, v.i. to squat or lie close to the ground : to cringe : to fawn. [A form of Crook.] Croup, kroop, «. a severe disease in the throat of children, accompanied by a hoarse cough. [A.S. hropati, to cry; Scot, roup, croup, hoarse- ness: from the sound.] Croup, kroop, K. the rump of a fowl : the buttocks of a horse: the place behind the saddle. [Fr. croupe, a protuberance ; allied to Crop.] Croupier, kroo'pi-er, n. one who sits at the croup or lower end of the table as assistant-chairman at a public dinner : a vice-president : he who watches the cards and collects money at a gaming-table. Crow, kro, n. a large bird, generally black, which utters a croaking sound : the cry of a cock : a boast. — v.i. to croak: to cry as a cock, in joy or defiance: to boast: to swagger: — pa.t. crew (kroo) or crowed'; pa.p. crowed'. [A.S. crawe, a crov,' : from the sound.] Crowhar, krO'bar, n. a large iron 6ar with a claw like the beak of a cro^u. Crowd, krowd, «. a number of persons or things closely pressed together, without order : the rabble: multitude. — v.t. to gather into a lump or crowd : to fill by pressing or driving together. — v.i. to press together in numbers: to swarm. [A.S. creodan, to crowd, press.] Crowfoot, kro'foot, n. a common weed, the flower of which is like a crow's foot. Crown, krown, 71. the diadem or state-cap of roy- alty: regal power : honour: reward: the top of anything, esp. of the head: completion: accom- plishment: a 5S. piece stamped with a crown. — v.t. to cover or invest with a crown: to invest with royal dignity : to adorn : to dignify : to complete. — adj. CrownlesS. [Fr. couronne — L. corona ; cog. with Gr. koronos, curved ; W. crwn, Gael, crutnn, round.] Crown-glass, krown'-glas, n. a kind of window- glass formed in circular plates or discs. Crown-prince, krown'-prins, «. the prince who succeeds to the croiun. Crow's-foot, kroz'-foot, n. wrinkles produced by age, spreading out in the shape of a crow's foot from the comers of the eyes: \>nil.) a caltrop. Crucial, krSo'shi-al, adj. testing, searching, from the practice of marking a testing instance with a cross to draw attention to it. [Fr. crucial, from L. crux, cKucis, a cross. See CroSS.] Crucible, kroo'si-bl, n. an earilien pot, for melt- ing ores, metals, &c. [Low L. crucibuluin, from root of Crock ; erroneously supposed to be conn, with L. crux.] Cruciferous, kroo-sifer-us, adj. [bot.] bearing four petals in the form of a cross. [L. crux, and /ero, to bear.] [Christ Jixed to the cross. Crucifix, kroo'si-fiks, 71. a figure or picture of Crucifixion, kroo-si-fik'shun, 71. death on the cross, especially that of Christ. [cross. Cruciform, kroo'si-form, adj. in the /orin of a Crucify, krijo'si-fl. v.t. to put to death \sy fixiiig the hands and feet to a cross : to subdue com- pletely : to mortify : — pa.p. cruc'ified. [Fr. cruci/ier — L. cr^icijigo, CT^ici/ixus — crux, and /igo, to fix.] Crude, krood, adj. raw, unprepared : not reduced to order or form : unfinished : undigested : imma- Crustacean tnre.— adv. Crude'ly.— «. Crude'ness. [L cnidiis, raw. See Raw.] [which is crude. Crudity, kruod'i-ti, «. rawness : unripeness : that Cruel, kroo'el, adj. disposed to inflict pain, or pleased at suffering : void of pity, merciless, savage — adv. Cruelly.— «. Cru'elty. [Fr. cruel— v.. crudelis. From root of Crude.] Cruet, kroo'et, «. St. small jar or phial for sauces and condiments. [Ace. to Skeat, prob. formed from Dut. k7~tiik, a jar = E. Crock ; and ace. to E. Miiller, dim. of O. Fr. cruye (mod. Fr. CT-iiche, cruc/iette, a jarl, from root of Crock.] Cruise, krooz, v.i. to sail to and fro : to rove on the sea. — «. a sailing to and fro : a voyage in various directions in search of an enemy, or for the protection of vessels.—?/. Cruis'er. [Dut. kT^iiseti, to cross — krieis, a cross — O. Fr. crois — L. CT^IX.} Cruise, krSoz, n. a small bottle. Same as Cruse. Crumb, krum, «. a small bit or morsel of bread : the soft part of bread. [A.S. cru77ta ; Ger. krunte : allied to Crimp.] Crumbcloth, krum'kloth, 71. a cloth laid under a table to receive falling cr7{7iibs, and keep the carpet clean. Crumble, krum'bl, v.t. to break into cr^i/zibs. — v.t. to fall into small pieces : to decay : to perish. [Grig. dim. of Crumb; Dut. krjdi/ieleti ; Ger krihnebi. ] Crumby, Crummy, krum'i, adj. , z'k crianbs : soft Crump, krunip, aiij. crooked : wrinkled. [A.S. cru7nb ; Ger. krutnin ; Scot. cru>/i)/iy, a cow with a crumpled horn. From the root of Cramp, Crimp.] [cake or muffiti. Cnimpet, krum'pet, 71. a kind of CT^i/nby or soft Crumple, krump'l, v.t. to mark with or draw into folds or wrinkles: to crease. — v.i. to become wrinkled : to contract or shrink. [Freq. of Cramp.] Crunch, krunch, v.t. to crush with the teetfi : to chew anything hard, and so make a noise. [From the sound ; cf. Fr. gri7tcer.] Crupper, krup'er. «. a strap of leather fastened to the saddle and passing under the horse's tail to keep the saddle in its place. [Fr. croupiere — crotipe, the Croup of a horse.] Crural, kroo'ral, adj. belonging to or shaped like a leg. [L. cruralis, from crus, cruris, the leg.] Crusade, kroo-sad', «. a military expedition under the banner of the cross to recover the Holy Land from the Turks : any daring or romantic under- taking. [Fr. croisade — Prov. crozada — croz, a cross. See Cross.] [criisade. Crusader, kroo-sad'er, n. one engaged in a Cruse, krooz, 71. an earthen pot : a small cup or bottle. [Fr. ; Ice. krus: also allied to Crock.] Crush, krush, v.t. to break or bruise: to squeeze together : to beat down or overwhelm: to subdue: to ruin. — 7t. a violent squeezing. [O. Fr. cruisir, from a Scan, root seen in Sw. krysta, whose oldest form appears in Goth. krijista7i, to grind the teeth, formed from the sound. See Crash and Craze.] Crust, krust, 71. the hard 7-i7id or outside coating of anything : the outer part of bread : covering of a pie, &c. : [geol. ) the solid e.xterior of the earth. — v.t. to cover with a crust or hard case. — v.i. to gather into a hard crust. [O. Fr. — L. crusta; perh. conn, with Gr. ktyos, icy cold.] Crustacea, krus-ta'shi-a, 7i.pl. a class of animals whose bodies are covered with a crust-like shell covering, such as lobsters, shrimps, and crabs. Crustacean, krus-ta'shi-an, n. one of the Crus- tacea. fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; moSn ; Men. 105 Crustaceous Onistaceous, krus-tri'shi-us, Crustacean, Vrus-ta'- shi-an. adj. pertaining to tlic Crustacea, or shellfish. Crustated, krus-tra.t. and />a.J>. cried'. — ?/. any loud sound : particular sound uttered by an animal : bawling : lamentation : weeping : prayer: clamour:—//. Cries.— «. Cri'er. [Vr. crier (It. gridare) — L. quiritare, to scream — freq. of L. queri, to lament.] Crypt, kript, n. an underground cell or chapel, esp. one used for burial. [L. crypta — Gr. kryl'te — kryplo, to conceal. Doublet of Grot.] Cryptogamia, krip-to-ga'mi-a, «. the class of flowerless plants, or those which have theiry>-«c- tijication concealed. [Gr. kryptos, concealed, and gamos, marriage.] Cryptogamlc, krip-to-gam'ik, Cryptogamous, krip-tog'a-mus, adj. pertaining to the Crypto- gamia. Crystal, kris'tal, n. a superior kind of glass : [clwm.) a piece of matter which has assumed a definite geometrical form, with plane faces. [O. Fr. cristal — L. crystalluin, from Gr. krys- tallos, ice — kryos, icy cold ; akin to Crust. ] Crystal, kris'tal. Crystalline, kris'tal-Tn or -in, adj. consisting of or like crystal in clearness, &c. [crystallising. Crystallisation, kris-tal-iz-a'shun, n. the act of Crystallise, kris'tal-Iz, v.t. to reduce to the form of a crystal. — v.i. to assume a crystalline form. Orystallography, kris-tal-og'ra-fi, «. the science of crystallisation. [Gr. krystallos, and grapho, to write.] Cub, kub, «. the young of certain animals, as foxes, &c. : a whelp : a young boy or girl (in contempt). — v. to bring forth young : — pr.p. cubb'ing ; /«./. cubbed'. [Prob. Celt., as Ir. cuil), a whelp, from cu, a dog.] Cubature, kub'a-tur, n. the act of finding the soUd or C! far : me, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; moon ; Men. 107 Currant cam and tniidge or mug, or mooch, to hide or hoard ; seen in muglard, a miser ; from O. Fr. mucer, Fr. )>iusser, to conceal.] Currant, kur'ant, H. a small kind of raisin or dried grape, imported from the Levant : the fruit of several garden shrubs. [From Corinth, in Greece.] Currency, kur'en-si, «. circulation : that which circulates, as the money of a country : general estimation. Current, kur'ent, adj., running or /lo^ving: passing from person to person : generally re- ceived : now passing : present. — «. a running ax flowing: a stream : a portion of water or air moving in a certain direction: course. — adv. Curr'ently. [L. currens, currentis — curro, cursiis, to run.] Curricle, kur'i-kl, «. a two-wheeled open chaise, drawn by two horses abreast : a chariot. [L. curriculum, from curro.] Curriculum, kur-ik'u-lum, «. a course, esp. the course of study at a university. [L-] Currier, kur'i-er, «, one who curries or dresses tanned leather. Curry, kur'i, n. a kmd of sauce or seasoning much used in India and elsewhere, and com- pounded of pepper, ginger, and other spices : a stew mi.xed with curry-powder. [Pers. khfirdi, broth, juicy meats, from klu'crdcin, to eat.] Curry, kur'i, v.t. to dress leather: to rub down and dress a horse : to beat : to scratch : — pr.p. currying ; pa.p. curr'ied.— To CUrry favour (corr. of Curiy favell, to rub down a horse, favell being a common old name for a horse), to seek favour by flattery. [Fr. corroyer — corroi, O. Fr. conroi : from a Teut. root present in Ice. reidhi, tackle, Dan. rede, to set in order, E. ready. See Ready.] Curse, kurs, v.i. to invoke or wish evil upon : to devote to perdition : to ve.x or torment. — v.i. to utter imprecations: to swear. — n. the invocation or wishing of evil or harm upon : evil invoked on another: torment. — 71. Curs'er. [A.S. cur- sian — C7trs, a curse, perh. from Sw. and Dan. kors, a cross, which is derived from O. Fr. crois. See Cross.] Cursed, kurs'ed, adj. under a C7irse : deserving a curse : blasted by a curse : hateful. Cursive, kur'siv, adj., rimiiing, as applied to handwriting : flowing. [L. curro, cur.'nis, to run.] Cursory, kur'sor-i, adj. hasty : superficial : care- less.— aiT'z/. Cur'sorily. [L. c7irro.] Curt, kurt, adj., short: concise. — adv. Curilly. — 71. Curt'ness. [L. curt us, shortened; Sans. hrit, to cut, separate.] Curtail, kur-tul', v.t. to C7{t short: to cut off a part : to abridge : — pr.p. curtail'ing ; pa. p. cur- tailed'. [Old spelling curtal, O. Fr. courtault. It. cortaldo — L. C7crttes,} Curtain, kur'tin, 71. drapery hung round and inclosing a bed, &c. : the part of a rampart between two bastions. — v.t. to inclose or furnish with curt.-'ins. [Fr. courti7ie — Low L. corti/ta; from L. cars, cortis, a. place inciosed, a court.] Curtsy, kurt'si. Same as Courtesy, the gesture. Curule, ku'rool, adj. applied to a chair in which the higher Roman magistrates had a right to sit. [L. C7tryus, a chariot — curro, to run.] Curvature, kur'va-tur, 71. a curvi7ig or be7iding: the continual bending or the amount of bending from a straight line. [L. cu7^L'atura.'\ Curve, kurv, 71. anything hcnt : a bent line: an arch. — v.t. to be/id: to form into a curve. CL. CU7-V71S, crooked. See Circle.] Cutter Curvet, kurv'et, n. a certain leap of a horse in which he gives his body a curve: a leap or frolic. — v.i. to leap in curvets: to leap : to frisk: ^pr.p. curv'eting ; pa.p. curv'eted. Curvilinear, kur-vi-lin'i-ar, Curvilineal, kur-vi- lin'i-al, adj. bounded by curved ii/ies. [L. cuniKS, and iiiiea, a line.] Cushat, koosh'at, 71. the ringdove or wood- pigeon. [Prov. 'E. cotushot ; from A.S. cusceote.] Cushion, koosh'un, «. a case filled with some soft, elastic stuff, for resting on: a pillow. — v.t. to seat on or furnish with a cushion. [Fr. coussin, \t. C7isci7to, from L. cnlcitiinan, dim. of cidcita, mattress. See Counterpane and Quilt.] Cusp, kusp, «. a point : the point or horn of the moon, &c. [L. cuspis, a point.] Cuspidate, kus'pi-dat, Cuspidated, kus'pi-dut-ed, adj. (bot.) having a sharp end or point. [L. cuspidatus — cuspis.] Custard, kus'tard, «. a composition of milk, eggs, &c. sweetened and flavoured. [Once spelled custade, a corr. of cr7istade, a pie with crust : from O. Fr. crousiade — L. crustaius, crusted. See Crust.] Custard-apple, kus'tard-ap'l, n. ihc/ruit of a W. Indian tree, having an eatable pulp, likeacustard. Custodial, kus-tO'di-al, adj. pertaining to custody. Custodian, kus-to'di-an, 71. one who has c?tstody, or care, esp. of some public building. Custody, kus'to-di, 71. a watching or guarding : care : security : imprisonment. [L. custodia, from ciistos, custodis, a watcher or keeper.] Custom, kus'tum, 71. what one is wont to do : usage : frequent repetition of the same act : a frequenting of a shop to buy goods : regular trade or business : a tax on goods. — pi. duties imposed on imports and exports. [O. Fr. C7is- tu7/ie, costu77ie : from L. co>isuetudo — co7isuesco, C07isuetus, to accustom.] Customary, kus'tum-ar-i, adj. according to use and wont : holding or held by custom. — adv. Cus'tomarily.— «. Cus'tomariness. Customer, kus'tum-er, 71. one accusto>7ied to fre- quent a certain place of business : a buyer. Custom-house, kus'tum-hows, «. the place where cuslo77is or duties on exports and imports are collected. Cut, kut, v.i. to make an incision : to cleave 01 pass through : to divide : to carve or hew : to wound or hurt : to affect deeply : to castrate : — pr.p. cntt'ing ; pa.t. and pa.p. cut. — «. a cleav- ing or dividing : a stroke or blow : an incision or wound : a piece cut off: an engraved block, or the picture from it : manner of cutting, 01 fashion. — A short CUt, a short or near passage. [W. cwtatt, to shorten, civtt, a little piece ; Ir. cictaich, to curtail.] Cutaneous, ku-ta'ne-us, adj. belonging to the ski7i. Cuticle, ku'ti-kl, 71. tile outermost or thin skin. [L. cicticula, dim. oi cutis, the skin, E. Hide.] Cutlass, kut'las, 71. a broad curving sword with one edge. [Fr. coutelas, from L. cultellus, dim. oi cutter, a ploughshare, a knife.] Cutler, kut'ler, «. one who makes or %^%k7iives. [Fr. coutelier, from root of CutlaSS.] Cutlery, kut'lcr-i, «. the busi7iess 0/ a cutler: edged or cutting instruments in general. Cutlet, kut'let, 71. a slice of meat cut off for cook- ing, esp. of mutton or veal, generally the rib and the meat belonging to it. [Fr. co tele tie, dim. of cote, from L. costa, a rib. See Coast.] Cutter, kut'er, n. the person or thi7ig that C7its : a small swift vessel with one mast and sharp bows that C7tt the water. m fate, far ; me, her : mine ; mote ; mute ; mOiSn ; then- Cutting Cutting, kut'ing, «. a dividing or lopping off: an incision : a piece cut off: a twig. Cuttle, kut'l, Cuttle-fish, kut'l-tish, «. a kind of mollusc, remarkable for its power of ejecting a black inky liquid. [A.S. cudelc ; origin dub.] Cut-water, kut'-waw'ter, n. the forepart of a ship's prow. Cycle, si'kl, «. a period of time in which events happen in a certain order, and which constantly repeats itself: an imaginary circle or orbit in the heavens. [Gr. kyklos, a circle ; akin to Circle.] Cyclic, slTclik, Cyclical, sT'klik-al, adj. pertain- ing to or containing a cycle.\ Cycloid, sT'kloid, n. a figure like a circle : a curve made by a point in a circle, when the circle is rolled along a straight line. — adj. Cycloid'al. [Gr. kyklos, and eidos, form.] Cyclone, sl'klOn, «. a circular or rotatory storm. [Coined from Gr. kykloii, pr.p. of kykloo, to whirl round — kyklos.'^ Cyclopaedia, Cyclopedia, sT-klo-pe'di-a, «. the circle or compass of human ktimvledge : a work containing information on every department, or on a particular department of knowledge. — adj. Cycloped'ic. [Gr. kyklos, a circle, and paideia, learning.] Cyclopean, sl-klo-pe'an, adj. of or like the Cyclopes, a fabled race of giants with one cir- cular eye in the middle of the forehead : giant- like : vast. [Gr. kyklopeios — kyklops — kyklos, a circle, and dps, an eye.] Cygnet, sig'net, n. a yoking swan. [Ace. to Diez, dim. of Fr. cygne, whose old form cisne (Sp. cisne, a swan) is from Low L. cecinus, and is not connected with L. cyginis, Gr. kyknos, a swan.] Cylinder, sil'in-der, «. a solid circular or roller- like body, whose ends are equal parallel circles. [Gr. kyiindros, from kylindo, to roll.] Cylindric, si-lin'drik. Cylindrical, si-lin'drik-al, adj. having the form or properties of a cylinder. Cymbal, sim'bal, n. a hollow brass, basin-like, musical instrument, beaten together in pairs. [L. cymbaluni, from Gr. kyntbalon — kymbe, the hollow of a vessel ; akin to E. Hump.] Cynic, sin'ik, Cynical, sin'ik-al, adj., dog-like: surly : snarling : austere : misanthropic. — adv. Cyn'ically. [Gr. kynikos, dog-like, from kyon, kynos, a dog : akin to L. can-is, E. Hound.] Cynic, sin'ik, «. one of a sect of ancient philoso- phers, so called from their morose and contemp- tuous views : a morose man : a snarler. Cynicism, sin'i-sizm, «., surliftess : contempt for human nature : heartlessness, misanthropy. C3niOSUre, sin'o-shoor or si'-, «. the dog's tail, a constellation containing the north-star : hence, anything that strongly attracts attention. [Gr. kyon, kynos, a dog, oura, a tail.] Cypress, sl'pres, «. an evergreen tree whose branches used to be carried at funerals : hence, a symbol of death. [Fr. cypres — L. cupressus — Gr. kyparissos.'\ Cyst, sist, n. {lit.) a chest : a bag in animal bodies containing morbid matter. [From root of Chest.] Czar, zar. Tsar, tsar, «. the emperor of Russia. — Ji'tn. Czarina, za-re'na, the empress of Russia. [Russ. tsare. a king ; its conn, with Ger. kaiser, L. cepsar, a king or emperor, is doubtful.] Czarevitch, zar'e-vitch, Cesarevitch, se-zar'e- vitch, «. the eldest son of the czar. —Jem. Czar- evna, zar-ev'na, his consort. [Russ. tsare, a czar, and vitz (pronounced vitch), descended from.] Dais Dab, dab, v.t. to strike gently with something soft or moist '.—pr.p. dabb'ing ; pa.p. dabbed'. — «. a gentle blow : a small lump of anything soft or moist : a small flat fish like a flounder, but with a rough back. [E. ; from a Tent, root present in O. Dut. dabhen, to pinch, Ger. tappe, a pat. E. Tap is a doublet. See also Dub.] Dab, dab, n. an e.x-pert person. [Prob. a corr. of Adept.] Dabble, dab'l, v.t. to wet by little dabs or strokes: to spatter. — v.i. to play in water with hands or feet: to do anything in a trifling way. [Freq. of Dab.] Dabbler, dab'ler, n. one who dabbles or does things in a superficial, trifling way. Dabchick, dab'chik, «. a SDiall vfaXer-/owl that dives or dabbles in the water. Dace, das, Dare, dSr, Dart, dart, n. a small river fish, so called from the quickness of its motions. [M.E. darce — O. Fr. dars — Low L. dardtts, a dart or javelin (Fr. dard, a dart or a dace)]. Dactyl, dak'til, k. in Latin and Greek poetry, a foot of three syllables, one long followed by two short, so called from its likeness to the joints of 2l finger : in English, a foot of three syllables, with the first accented, as merrily. [L. dac- tylus — Gr. daktylos, a finger. See Digit.] Dactylic, dak-til'ik, adj. relating to or consisting chiefly of dactyls. Dactylology, dak-til-ol'o-ji, n. the art of talking with \h^ fingers, like the deaf and dumb. [Gr. daktylos, and logos, discourse — lego, to speak.] Dad, dad. Daddy, dad'i, «., father, a word used by children. [W. tad; Gr. lata, Sans. tata.\ Dado, da'do, «. the solid block or cube forming the body of a pedestal : wainscoting round -the lower part of a wall. [It. — L. dattis [talus, a die, being understood), given or thrown forth— dare, to give. Doublet, Die.] Daflfodil, daf'o-dil, DaflfodiUy, daf'o-dil-i, «. a yellow flower of the lily tribe, also called King's spear. [M. E. affodille — O. Fr. asphodile — Gr. and L. as/iJuidelus ; the d is prefixed accidentally.] Dagger, dag'er, n. a short sword for stabbing : a mark of reference (t). [W. dagr, Ir. daigear, Fr. dague. It. daga.\ Daggle, dag'l, v.t. and v.i. to wet or grow wet by dragging on the wet ground. [Freq. of prov. E. dag, to sprinkle with water, from a Scand. root seen in Sw. dagg, E. Dew.] Daguerreotype, da-ger'o-tlp, n. a method of taking sun-pictures on metal plates : a picture thus produced. [Fr., from Daguerre, the in- ventor, and Type.] Dahlia, dal'i-a, n. a garden plant with a large beautiful flower. [From Dahl, a Swedish botanist.] Daily, dil'li, adj. and adv. every day. Dainty, dan'ti, adj. pleasant to the palate : deli- cate : fastidious. — n. that which is dainty, a deli- cacy.— «r/z^ Dain'tily.— «. Daintiness. [M.E. deintee, anything worthy or costly— O. Fr. rfrt/wi"//, worthiness — L. dignitas. See Dignity.] Dairy, da'ri, «. the place where milk is kept, and butter and cheese made : an establishment lor the supply of milk. [M.E. dey, dairymaid — Ice. deigja, a dairymaid ; orig. a kneader of Dough, in Ice. deig; orfrom a root sig. to milk. See Dug.] Dais, da'is, n. a raised floor at the upper end ol the dining-hall where the high table stood ; a y fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; mopn ; /Aen. 109 Daisied raised floor with a seat and canopy. (O. Fr. liais — Low L. diacus. a table — L. discus, a. quoit — Gr. diskos. See Dish, Disc] Daisied, da'zid, «. dall'ied. [A.S. dol. foolish: Ger. dahlen, to trifle : perh. conn, with Dwell] Dam, dam, n. an embankment to restrain water. —v.t. to keep back water by a bank or other obstruction :— /r./. damm'ing ; /«./. dammed'. [E., and in all the Teut. tongues.] Dam, dam, «. a 7nother, applied to quadrupeds. [A form of Dame.] Damage, dam'aj, n., hurt, injury, loss : the value of what is lost.—//, compensation for loss or injury.— w./. to harm, injure. — v.i. to take in- jury. [O. Fr. damage (Fr. domtiiage), from L. damnum, loss, injury.] [damaged. Damageable, dam'aj-a-bl, adj. capable of being Damask, dam'ask, n. figured stuff orig. of silk, now of linen, cotton, or wool. — v.t. to flower or variegate, as cloth. — ndj. of a red colour, like thai: of a damask rose. [From Damascus, in Syria, where it was orig. made.] Dame, dam, n. the mistress of a house : a matron : a noble lady. [Fr. dame—I,, doviittn, a mistress, /cm. oi dominus, a master. Doub- let, Dam, a mother. See Dominate.] Damn, dam, v.t. to censure or condemn: to sen- tence to eternal punishment. — n. an oath : a curse. [^T. da7Hne> — Ij.damnare, to condemn, from damnum, loss, penalty.] Damnable, dam'na-bl, adj., deservingor tending to da>nnation : hateful : pernicious. — adv. Dam'na- Wj.—n. Dam'nableneSS. [Late L. damnabilis.\ Damnation, dam-na'shun, n. (theoL) the punish- ment of the impenitent in the future state : eternal punishment. [L. damnatio.] Damnatory, dam'na-tor-i, adj. containing sen- tence oi condemnation. [L. damnatorius.] Damp, damp, «., valour, mist: moist air: low- ness of spirits. — />l. dangerous vapours in mines, &c. — v.t. to wet slightly : to chill : to discour- age : to check : to make dull. — adj. moist : (oggy.— adv. Damply.— «. Damp'ness. [E. ; akin to Dut. damp, Ger. damp/, vapour.] Damper, damp'er, n. that which checks or mode- rates : {A ustralia] a kind of hastily-baked bread. Damsel, dam'zel, «. a little dame or lady : a young unmarried woman : a girl. [Fr. demoi- selle, O. Fr. damoisel, a page — Low L. domi- celliis, dim. oi dominus, a lord.] Damson, dam'zn, n. a small black plum. [Short- ened from Daviascene — Damascus. See Damask.] Dance, dans, v.i. to move with measured steps to music. — v.t. to make to dance or jump. — n. the movement of one or more persons with measured steps to music. [Fr. danser, from O. Ger. danson, to draw along, Ger. tanzen.] Dancer, dans'er, H. one who practises dancing. Dancing, dans'ing, «. the act or art of moving in the dance. Dandelion, dan-de-ll'un, n. a common plant with a yellow flower, so called from the jagged tooth- \ Dash like edges of its leaf. [Fr. dent de lion, tooth of the lion.] Dandle, dan'dl, v.t. to play with: to fondle or toss in the arms, as a baby. [E. ; cog. with Ger. tiindeln — ta?id, a toy ; allied to Scot. dander, to go about idly, to trifle.] Dandrifif, dandrif, Dandrufif, dand'ruf, n. a scaly .t.t. to 7>iake deaf, partly or alto- gether : to stun : to render impervious to sound. Deaf-mute, def'-mut, «. one who is both aV^/and }7uite or dumb. Deal, del, «. a portio7i : an indefinite quantity a large quantity : the act of dividing cards : one of the divisions or boards into which a piece of timber is cut : a fir or pine board. [A.S. dcel; Ger. tlieil, a part or division.] Deal, del, v.t. to divide, to dist7-ibute : to throw about. — v.i. to transact business : to act : to dis- tribute cards:— /w « bark sli.p^orboat: to disembark, [Yu deharq,ur~ ars —. i,. liis, away, and Barque a shio I Debarkation Debarcatlon, de-bark-a'shun, n the act of debarking or disembarking. Debase, de-bas', ../to lower: to make mean or Bast lmvT= '° "'""'="""'" fL- '^^' d°-"' ->d Debasement, de-bas'ment, n. degradation Debasing, de-bas^.,,. adj. tending to ";.... or degrade.— rr^/"'. Debasingly Debate" d^' H^5-b^^t a-bl, adj. liable to be disputed. Debate, de-bat', «. a contention in words or argu- ment.— ^./. to contend for in argument.-iv./- to dehberate: to join in debate, -«. Debat'er. [tr. de and battre, to beat. See Beat 1 Debauch, de-bawch', v.t. to lead away from duty or allegiance : to corrupt with lewdness.-e../. to indulge ,n reve ry.-«. a fit of intemperance or debauchery. [Fr. debaucher—des = L dis "ZL^^"'^ ^"""^''' ^ ^"'■kshop. of unknown OebaHrhfifl ^ K' 1,- f'^'^«^/'^nJ': a libertine. Ueoauchee, debo-she, n. one g ven up to de- Debauchery, de-bawch'er-i, n. corruption^f fidl aifr; 'f K?°' M °"J '^"'y^ excessive intemper- ance : habitual lewdness. Debenture, de-bent'ur, n. an acknowledgment of or oth;r'' °^ mortgage given by a railway or other company for borrowed money: a cer- tificate entitling an exporter of imported goods to a drawback or repayment of the duty paid on their importation. [L. debentur, there are due TV 3^. person pi. passive of debeo, to owe.] Debilitate de-bil'i-tat, v.t. to ,nake\oeak: to Thnf'' '"■"u^"i °^- [L. debiUto, debiliiatus Abilityj "'^^''-'^'^> "°'' '''^bilis, able. See Debility, de-bil'i-ti, «., zveakness and lan-uor ■ a r-.^-^^^ ?'^,"9" °^ the animal functions. ^ ' Debit, debit, «. a debt or something due: an entry on the debtor side of an account. -z,. /. to dehtfr^n''^''"'''' '° ^"'^^ °" 'he debit or k H ,/ f °i.^" ^'~""'- fL. ^^^.V«;«, what IS due, from debeo, to owe 1 Debonair, deb-o-nar', «./y. of ^W«.> or appear- ance and manners: elegant: courteous. [Fr DeWh !^' good «/r, appearance, manner.] ' Debouch, de-boosh', v.i. to march out from a narrow Pass or confined place. ^Fr. deboucher d^eeic f °"'' ' ' ' mouth-L. bucca, the Uebns de-bre', «., ^r«^>^rf or broke7i pieces of anything, esp of rock : rubbish: ruins." [Fr from bnser, akin to Bruise.] '' ' Debt, det, n. what one ozves to another: what ueotor, det ur, n. one who owes a debt : the side of an account on which debts are charged IL debitor.] ° "■ Debut, de-bu' (« sounded as in Scot, gnde), n a beginiiing or first attempt : a first appearance before the public, as of an actor, &c. [Fr. dttut, a first stroke-t/g, from, but, aim, mark.] Decemvirate 112 (ate, far ; me. her ; mine ; m3te ; mate ; mSon ; /Aen. Decade or Decad, dek'ad or dek'ad, n. an aggre- to tall. See Cadence, Decay 1 Decagon, dek'a-gon, n. a plane figure of ten ."nlf^: a^^f^ee?- '^^^■^ -' ^-•'^. - Decahedron, dek-a-he'dron, n. a solid figure hav- ing ten bases or sides. [Gr. deka, and Iiedra, Decalogue, dek'a-log, „. ,he ten commandments. Decamn H ' l ' '^^''''- ^ ^.'■'^^"■•^e, a proposition.] fnml' f '=-''=""? ' ^'■'- (^'^O ^o so from or shift a cavifi to go away, e.sp. secretly. [Fr. de- Slmif]''- ''='^- '"' -=^y. -d ..4. Decampment, de-kamp'ment, n.,shiftinga camp: a niarchmg oflr. [Fr. ^/mo/./^w^-^/.] ^ Decant H^v '*?"'''' '^'^^'^ P'^'-'a""»g 'o a ^..««<.rv. Decant, de-kant, z/./. to pour off, leaving sedi- ment: to pour from one vessel into another. corneH " ""' ^""^ ^^'^*' ^ ''''^^ °'' Decanter de-kant'er, «. a z.«.rg/ for holding decanted hquor : an ornamental bottle Decapitate de-kap'i-tat, v.t. to take the Itead from: to behead. [Low L. decapitare-\.. de from and cap,ct, capitis, the head.] Decapitation, de-kap-i-ta'shun, «. rhe act of oefwading. Decapod, dek'a-pod, n. one of the shellfish which have ten feet or claws, as the crab. [Gr. deka. ten, and poics, podos, a foot.] Decarbonise, de-kar'bon-.z, v.t. to deprive of carbo7i. [De, from, and Carbon ] Decastyle, dek'a-stll, „. a portico with ten styles column.?"' '" ^^'- "''^''' '""• "''■^^^^' ^ Decasyllabic dek-a-sil-ab'ik, «^y. having /<>;, ata sKlbl^f ^^^^'^^'■^— ^^- '^^^-' -n! "at^^^^4^r^:/^Sa(:^/ ing into a worse or less perfect state: a pass- ing^away. [O. Fr. decaet-l.. de, from. ci^Tre, death. [O. Fr. deces—h. decessiis—de , away cedo, cessus, to go.] ivvJ„ y^- decern, ten, and vir, a man.] Decemvirate de-semVir-St, n. a body of /.« men m office : the term of oflice of decemvirs. Decency Decency, de'sen-si, 71. becomingness : modesty. [L. dccentia. See Decent.] Decennary, de-sen'ar-i, «. a period of teri years. [L. dt'cein, ten, and annus, a. year.] Decennial, de-sen'i-al, adj. consisting of, or h.ip- pening every ten years. Decent, de'sent, adj., becoming: seemly : proper : modest : moderate : tolerable. — ad^i. De'cently. [L. deceits, decentic, pr.p. of decet, it is be- coming.] Decentralise, de-sen'tral-Iz, v.t. to withdraw from the centre. [L. de, priv., and Centralise.] Deception, de-sep'shun, n. act of deceiving: the means by which it is sought to deceive. [L. dixc/'tio.\ Deceptive, de-sep'tiv, adj. tending to deceive. — adv. Decep'tively.— «. Decep'tiveness. Decide, de-sId', v.t. to determine: to end t to settle. [Fr. decider — L. decidere — de, away, ciedo, to cut.] Decided, de-sld'ed, adj., deterinined : clear, un- mistakable: resolute. — ad7K Decid'edly. Deciduous, de-sid'u-us, adj.. Jailing off: that fall in autumn, as leaves : not permanent. — n. Decid'UOUSness. [L. deciduns — decido, from de, cado, to fall.] Decimal, des'i-mal, adj. numbered or proceeding by tens. — n. a fraction having ten or some power of ten for its denominator. — Decimal system is the French system of weights or measures, the principle of which is that it multiplies and divides by te>!. — adv. Decimally. [Fr. — Low L. decimalis — decern, ten.] Decimate, des'i-mat, v.t, to take the tenth part of: to put to death every tenth man. — n. Dec'i- mator. [L. decimo, decimatus — decivnts, tenth.] Decimation, des-i-mJ'shun, n. a military punish- ment, by which every tenth man was selected by lot and put to death, or otherwise punished. Decipher, de-sl'fer, v.t. to nti-cipher or read secret writing: to make out what is unintelli- gible or obscure. [L. de, negative, and Ciplier.] Decipherable, de-sl'fer-a-bl, adj. that may be deciphered, [determination : settlement. Decision, de-sizh'un, «. the act of deciding : Decisive, de-s-T'siv, adj. having the power of deciding: final: positive. — adv. Deci'sively. — «. Deci'siveness. Deck, dek, v.t. to cover: to clothe : to adorn : to furnish with a deck, as a vessel. — 71. a covering : the floor or covering of a ship. [Dut. dekken, to cover ; Ger. decken ; akin to L. iego. See Thatch.] Decker, dek'er, n. the person or thing that decks : a vessel which has a deck or decks, used chiefly in composition, as a three-decker, a ship with three decks. Declaim, de-klam', v.i. to make a set or rhe- torical speech : to harangue. — ns. Declaim'ant, Declaim'er. [Vr. — L. declamo — de, intensive, clamo, to cry out.] Declamation, dek-la-ma'shun, n. act of declaim- ing : a set speech in public : display in speaking. Declamatory, de-klam'a-tor-i, adj. relating to declamation: appealing to the passions : noisy and rhetorical merely. Declaration, dek-la-nl'shun, n. act of declaring : that which is declared : a written affirmation. Declarative, de-klar'a-tiv, Declaratory, de-kUr'a- tor-i, adj. explanatory. — advs. Declar'atively, Declar'atorily. Declare, de-klar', v.t. to make known : to sftew plainly to others by words : to assert. — v.t. to Decoy declarer, from L sig. completeness, make a statement. [Fr. declare, declaratus — de, clams, clear.] Declension, de-klen'shun, «. a falling off : decay : descent : (grain.) change of termination for the oblique cases. [See Decline.] Declinable, de-klln'a-bl, adj. having inflection for the oblique cases. Declination, dek-lin-a'shun, n. act of declining: deviation : decay : [astr.) the distance from the celestial equator. Decline, de-klln', v.i. to bettd or tiint away from (a straight line) : to deviate : to refuse : to bend down : to fail or decay : to draw to an end. — v.t. to bend down: to turn away from: to refuse: to avoid: [gram.) to give the changes of a word in the oblique cases. — «. a falling off: deviation : decay : a gradual sinking of the bodily faculties, consumption. [Fr. decliner — L. de, down, away from, clino, to bend. See Lean.] Declivity, de-kliv'i-ti, n. a place that declines or slopes doivmvard, opp. of Acclivity : inclina- tion downward : a gradual descent. [L. decli- z'itas — de, downward, clivus, sloping, akin to clino. ] Decoct, de-kokt', v.t. to digest by heat. [L. decoqno, decoctns — de, down, coquo, to cook.] Decoction, de-kok'shun, n. an extract of anything got by boilittg. — adj. DeCOC'tive. Decollate, de-kol'at, v.t. to behead. [L. decollo — de, from, collnm, the neck.] [ing. Decollation, de-kul-a'shun, n. the act of behead- Decolorant, de-kul'ur-ant, «. a substance that bleaches or removes colour. Decoloration, de-kul'ur-a-shun, «. the removal or absence of colour. Decolour, de-kul'ur. Decolourise, de-kul'ur-Iz, v.t. to deprive of colour. [Fr. decolorer — L. decoloro — de, from, color, colour.] Decomposable, de-kom-pOz'a-bl, adj. that ma^ be decomposed. Decompose, de-kom-poz', v.t. to separate the parts cojnposing anything : to resolve into ori- ginal elements. [L. de, sig. separation, and Compose ] Decomposition, de-kom-po-zish'un, n. act of decomposing : decay or dissolution. Decompound, de-kom-pownd', v.t. to compound again : to compound things already com- pounded : also, to divide a thing into its con- stituent parts. — adj. compounded a second time. —adj. Decompound'able. [L. de, intensive, and Compound. ] Decorate, dek'o-rat, v.t. to ornament, to beau- tify. [L. decoro, decoratus — decus, what is be- coming, ornament, from decet, it is becoming.] Decoration, dek-o-ra'shun, «. ornament : any- thing that heightens beauty. [to adorn. Decorative, dek'o-ra-tiv, adj. adorning : suited Decorator, dek'o-ra-tor, «. one who decorates. Decorous, de-ko'rus, adj., becoming : suitable : proper : decent. — adv. Deco'rously. [L. de- conds. ] Decorticate, de-kor'ti-kat, v.t. to deprive of the bark, husk, or peel. — n. Decortica'tion. [L. decortico, decorticatus — de, from, and cortex, bark.] Decorum, de-ko'rum, n. that which is becoming in outward appearance : propriety of conduct : decency. [L., neuter oi decorus, becoming.] Decoy, de-koy', v.t. to allure, entice: to entrap: to lure into a trap or snare. — n. anything in- tended to allure into a snare. [L. de, down. fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; moon ; th^n. 113 See Decrease and O. Fr. fe.s of old age : in the last stage of decay V^- decrepttus, noiseless, very old— o'^ not crefiitus, a noise.] > o " «f, not, Decrepitate, de-krep'i-tat, v.i. to crackle, as salts whea he.aed -e-.^. lo roast so as to cause a con: tinual crackhng.— «. Decrepita'tion. TL dc mi^n crt'pito, to rattle much, frcq. oi creAo 1 ' Decrepitude, de-krep'i-tud, «. state of being de- crepit or worn out with age. Decretal de-kre'tal, adj. pertaining to a decree -« a decree, esp of the pope : a book contaml ng decrees: a collection of the pope's decrees. IL. decretalis~decretjij,i.\ \derre,. SecretJTr^' 'h 'l""'''"' "''■ ^/"'"= '^^ '^^^"^- uecretory dek're-tor-i, adj. established by a decree: determining : judicial Decnal, de-S.'al, n. a cry iug down: clamorous condemnation. Decry de-kn', v.t. to cry down- to condemn- to blame -.—pa.p. decried'. [Fr. de[s) = L dis and crter, to cry. See Cry ] ' • > Decumbence, de-kum'bens, Decumbencv de- Uecumbent, de-kum'bent, «.//, /y/,igdo7un: re- clining on the ground.— rt,/57. Decum'bentlv to 'lie r""''' '^°'^"' ^"'^ """^''' '"°'' "'^''^ Decuple, dek'u-pl.^^y., /en/old.-n. a number ten times repeated.-r'./. to make tenfold. I Fr rfft-«//^-L. dece>u, ten, and p/ico, to fold. I Decurrent, de-kur'ent, adj., running or extend- ing downward.—adv. Decurr'ently. [L de l''"'"il—de, down, ciirro, cursum, to run f Decussate, de-kus'at, v.t. to cross in the form of an A : to cross, as lines, &c — adj. crossed • arranged in pairs which cross each other.-;/ DeCUSSa;tlon [L. decnsso, decnssatus-decus. wit'hVT °^^':«,T^^ ^'H"" "■'^'-'i "'arked with X, the symbol of ten. See Ace 1 Dedica e, ded'i-ka,, .... to set apart and conse- crate to some sacred purpose: to devote wholly j or chiefly : to inscribe to any one. [L. dedico ' ded:auus-de, down, dico, to declare 1 ' Dedication, dcd-i-ka'shun, n. the act of dedicai- ^«^^ an address to a patron, prefi.ved to a DedTcatory, ded'i-ka-tor-i, adj serWn?"af"a Deduce, dc-dus;, v.i. to ^;a«./r^.«. to"infer a truth or opinion from what precedes or from ni^Hf"'-'^?^- ^h■ '^^■' '''■°'"' '^"'■^- '^"c^"'", to lead 1 Deducible.^de-dus't-bl, adj that may be deduced SeiSofr/'j^^- '° ''"'■^'■'""■- '"-P-": , !w h ; '^'':-t-^'i\"- ''> 'he act ofdeduc tng. that which IS deduced: reasoning from a general to a particular proposition. [From Defecate 114 fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; Deduce.] (2) the act of deducti„g: that which nin,'?"*''""''''/ ''•^^tement. [From Deduct 1 T^^^h ^•^-'^"kt'iv, adj., that rs, or miy be HpIh J- , '■°"' Preniises—^r/z/. Deductively ueea ded «. something done: an act: an ex- ofi't f ''^S=^'/""s-3ction : the written evidence to";, ^te Daf-''""' '° ''°-''"- '^'"Y/'T- Dee^ess, ded'les, adj. not 'having performed behevfVs- 7 "■'■ '° 'y'^^'- '° ''""k: to oelieve. [A.S. deman. to form a judgment— '/""/.judgment. .See Doom.] "f'^nt Deep, dcp, -'-^, Jilcis, d^ffip>"??' def^al-ka'shun, n. a diminution : a deficit of lunds intrusted to one's care. Defamation, def-a-ma'shun, «. the act of defam. ing: calumny: slander. "^ Defamatory, de-fam'a-tor-i, adj. containing de- DefaTiT'f-"-^"""."' '°/\P"tation : calumnious. Ueiame, de-fam, v.t. to take aivay qx: destroy the good >;«^ or reputation of: to speak evil of lU Fr. defa,ner~\.. diffamare~dis, away! detraction and/«w«, report. See Fame.] Default, de-fawlt', n. a fault, failing, or failure ■ defect : neglect to do what duty or law requires • offence. -z/... to fail through neglect of duty :' fn ^ 'S ^PP"""" '" ''''"'■' "'hen called upon. [O. Fr. defaute, and default-de = 1.. dis, in- tensive, and ftute. See Fault ] Defaulter, de-fawlt'er, «. one who fails to account tor money intrusted to his care. Defeasance de-fe'..ns, n. (law) a condition annexed to a deed, which, being performed renders the deed void. [Norm. d.faisl,Tce- rxTfl' '^'^'^''"^.P'-.p. of de/aire, to undo.] Defeasible, de-fe.'i^bl adj that may be defeated or annulled.— «. Defeas'ibleness. Defeat, de-fet, v.t. to frustrate: to overcome: to ruin.— «. a frustration of plans: overthrow, as of an arniy in battle. [Fr. defaite-defairl, to nndo-dc =: L. dis, asunder, and Fr, faire, L. facere, to do.] ' Defecate, def'e-kat, r^.;". to clear frovt dregs or ^impurities : to purify from extraneous matter. mute ; moon ; th^n. Defecation fL. de/ceco, de/cecatus, to cleanse — de, from, fiEjc^fiecis, dregs.] [away impurities. Defecation, def-e-ka'shun, «. the act of clearing Defect, de-iekt', n. a deficiency : a want : imper- fection: blemish: fault. [L. deficio, defect us, to fail or be wanting — de, neg. , z.x\i.fiicio, to do.] Defectible, de-fekt'i-bl, adj. liable to imper- fection, [duty : revolt. Defection, de-fek'shun, «. a fnllitig away Jrom Defective, de-fekt'iv, adj. having deject: want- ing in some necessary quality : insufficient. — adv. Defect'ively.— «. Defect'iveness. Defence, de-fens', «. a defending: that whicTi defends : protection : vindication : (iaiu) a de- fendant's plea.— Defenc'ed, pa. p. (B.) fortified. Defenceless, de-fens'les, adj. without defence.— adz'. Defence'lessly. — «. Defence'lessness. Defend, de-fend', Z'.t. (Jit.) to fend or ward ofj: to keep off anytliing hurtful : to guard or pro- tect ; to maintain against attack : [law] to resist as a claim : to contest. — «. Defend'er. [L. defendo, defensus, to ward off — de, off, and oha. fendo, to strike.] [defended. Defendable, de-fend'a-bl, adj. that may be j Defendant, de-fend'ant, n. a defender: [law] a person accused or sued. Defensible, de-fens'i-bl, adj. that may be de- fended.— n. Defensibil'ity. Defensive, de-fens'iv, adj. serving to defend: in a state or posture of defence. — «. that which defends : posture of defence. — adv. Defens'- ively. Defer, de-fer', v.t. to put off to another time : to delay :—pr.p. deferr'ing ; pa.p. deferred'. [L. differo — dis, asunder, y^rt), to bear, carry.] Defer, de-fei-', v.i- to yield to the wishes or opinions of another, or to authority. — v.t. to submit to or lay before : — pr.p. deferr'ing ; pa.p. deferred'. [L. defero — de, down, and fero, to bear. ] Deference, defer-ens, n. a deferring or yielding in judgment or opinion: regard: submission. Deferential, def-er-en'shal, adj. expressing def- erence or respect. — rti/z/. Deferen'tially. Defiance, de-fl'ans, ?i. the act q{ defying . a chal- lenge to combat : contempt of opposition. Deficiency, de-fish'en-si, n. defect. Deficient, de-fish'ent, adj. wanting. Deficit, def'i-sit, «., deficiency , esp. of revenue, as compared with expenditure. [L., it is wanting, 3d per. sing, of deficio. ] Defile, de-fil', v.i. to march oflf \nfile or line, or file by file. — «. a long narrow pass or way, in which troops can march only in file, or with a narrow front. [Fr. defiler — L. dis, z.x\A filuin, a thread. See File] Defile, de-fll', v.t. to make foul: to pollute or corrupt : to violate. — n. Defiler. [L. de, and X.Si. fylan, gefylan, to pollute.] [ness. Defilement, de-f Il'ment, «. act of defiling: foul- Definable, de-fln'a-bl, adj. that may be defined. Define, de-fln', -'.t. to fix the bounds or limits of: to determine with precision : to describe accu- rately : to fix the meaning of. [Fr. — L. definio, definitus, to set bounds to — de, and finis, a limit.] Definite, def'i-nit, adj., defined: having distinct limits : fixed : exact : clear.— ai/z/. Definitely. — «. Def'inlteness. Definition, def-i-nish'un, «. a defitiing : a de- scription of a thing by its properties: an ex- planation of the exact meaning of a word, term, or phrase. Daflnltive, de-fin'i-tiv, adj., defining or limiting : Deglutition positive: final. —«. [grain.) an adjective used to limit the extent of the signification of a noun. —adv. Defin'itively. Deflagrate, defla-;.^rat, v.i. or v.t. to burn down : to burn with suddenness and sparkling. — n. Deflagra'tion. [L. defiagro — de, down, and Jlagro, to burn.] Deflagrator, def'la-gra-tor, n. a galvanic instru- ment for producing rapid combustion. Deflect, de-flekt', v.i. or v.t. to turn aside: to swerve or deviate from a right line or proper course. [L. de, from, 3.nd.flecto, to bend, turn.] Deflection, de-flek'shun, n. a titrnmg aside : de- viation. Deflorate, de-flo'rat, adj., past ike fiowering state, as an anther after it has shed its pollen. Defloration, def-lo-ra'shim, n. the act of defiour- ing. Deflour, de-flowr', v.t. to defiower or deprive of fiowers ; to deprive of original grace and beauty : to ravish.— «. Defloiir'er. [Fr. defieterir—L,. defioro, to strip flowers off — de, priv., and _/?«)j, fioris, a flower.] Deflower. Same as Deflour. DeflUXion, de-fluk'shun, «. a discharge of fluid matter in the body. [L. dejlu.xio — de, down, 3.ndfiuo,fiuxuin, to flow.] Defoliation, de-fo-li-a'shun, n. the falling off' of leaves: the time of shedding leaves. [Low L. defolio, defoliatum — de, ofi, folium, a leaf.] Deforce, de-fors', v.t. [law) to keep out of pos- session by force. — n. Deforce'ment. [Fr. .i. to fall from a nobler Degenerative, de-jen'er-a-tiv, adj., tending or causing to degenerate. Deglutition, deg-loO-tish'un, n. the act or power of swallowing. [Fr.— L. de, down, and gluiio, to swallow. See Glut.] Cite, far ; me, h6r ; mine : mOte : mOte ; mOOn ; thta. 116 Degradation Degradation, deg-ra-da'shun, «. disgrace. Degrade, tle-gr;1d', v.t. to lower in grade or r;iiik : to deprive of office or dignity : to lower in character or value : to disgrace. [Kr. degradcr — L. dc, down, a.\\6. gradus, a step. See Grade.] Degree, de-gre', n. a grade or step : position : rank : extent : a mark of distinction conferred by universities : the 360th part of a circle : 60 geo.uraphical miles. [Fr. degre — L. de, and gntdiis, a step.] [capsules of a plant. Dehiscence, de-his'ens, n. the opening of the Dehiscent, de-his'ent, adj., gaping or opening, as the capsules of plants. [L. dehiscens, pr.p. oi dehisce — de, intensive, and hisco, to gape.] Deicide, de'i-sld. «. the killing 0/ a god: the putting to death of Jesus Christ. [From a sup- posed L. form deicidiuin — deus, and ccedo, to cut, to kill.] Deification, de-i-fi-ka'shun, 71. the act of deifyitig. Deiform, de'i-form, adj. 'h.-3.\i\x\%\.\\t form oi 3l god. Deify, de'i-f I, v.t. to exalt to the rank of a god : to worship as a deity -.—pr.p. deify'ing ; pa. p. deified'. [Fr. deijier — L. deijicare — deus, and facere, to make.] Deign, dan, v.i. to condescend.— w./. to give: to allow. [Fr. daigner — L. digiior, to think worthy — dignns, worthy.] [deistne.] Deism, de'izm, n. the creed of a deist. [Fr. Deist, de'ist, It. one who believes in the existence of God but not in revealed religion. — adj. Deist'- ical. [Fr. ddiste—'L. deics, god.] Deity, de'i-ti, n. the divinity: godhead: a god or goddess : the Supreme Being. [Fr. — Low L. deltas — L. deus, god ; Sans, deva — a'iv, to shine.] Deject, de-jekt', v.t. to cast down the counten- ance or spirits of. [L. dejicio, dejecius — de, down, 3.nd.jacio, to cast.] Dejected, de-jekt'ed, adj., cast down: dispirited. — adv. Deject'edly.— «. Deject'edness. Dejection, de-jek'shun, «. lowness of spirits. Delation, de-la'shun, «. {law) act of charging with a crime. [L. defero, delatnin, to bring a report against, to inform — de, intensive, and /ero, to bear.] Delay, de-la', v.t. to put off to another time : to defer: to hinder or retard. — v.i. to pause, linger, or put off time.— «. a putting otT or deferring : a lingering : hinderance •.—pr.p. delay'ing ; pa, p. delayed'. [Fr. delai — L. dilatio, a putting oft' — differo, dilatuni — dis, apart, andy^n?, to carry. See Defer.] [See Delete.] Deleble, del'e-bl, adj. that can be blotted out. Delectable, de-lekt'a-bl, adj., delight/id: pleas- ing. — «. Delect 'ableness. —rta'z'. Delect 'ably. [Fr. — L. delectabilis — delecto, to delight. See Delight.] Delectation, de-lek-ta'shun, «. delight. Delegate, del'e-gat, v.t. to send as a legate or representative : to intrust or commit to. — «. one who is delegated : a deputy or representative. — adj. delegated, deputed. [L. de, away, and lego, legatus, to send as ambassador. See Legate.] [gated. Delegation, del-e-ga'shun, n. the persons dele- Delete, de-let', v.i. to blot out: to erase: to destroy. — n. Deletion. [L. deleo, deletum, to blot out.] Deleterious, del-e-te'ri-us, adj. tending to destroy life : hurtful or destructive : poisonous. — n. Delete'riousness. [Gr. deleterios, hurtful— deleomai, to hurt.] Delf, delf, n. a kind of earthenware made at Delft, in Holland. Delirium Deliberate, de-lib er-at, v.t. to weigh well in one's mind. — v.i. to consider the reasons for and against : to reflect upon : to diScuss. [L. delibero, deliberatuin—de, intensive, and libra, to weigh — libra, a balance.] Deliberate, de-lib'er-at, adj. well con.sidered : considering carefully : slow in determining. — adv. DeUb'erately. — ?i. Delib'eratoness. Deliberation, de-lib-er-.ashun, n. the act of de- liberating: mature reflection: calmness: cool- ness. Deliberative, de-lib'er-a-tiv, adj. proceeding or acting by deliberation.— rtr/z/. Delib'eratively. Delicacy, del'i-ka-si, n. state or quality of being delicate: anything delicate or dainty. [Fr. delicatesse — L. delicatus. ] Delicate, del'i-kat, adj. pleasing to the senses, esp. the taste : dainty : nicely discriminating or perceptive : of a fine, slight texture or constitu- tion : tender, frail : requiring nice handling : refined in manners, gentle, polite, considerate. —n.pl. Del'icates, (/>'.) delicacies.— arfi-. Del'i- cately, in a delicate manner : {B. ) luxuriously. — «. Del'icateness, state of being delicate: (B.) delicacy, luxury. [L. delicatus — delicia;, allure- ments, luxury — delicto — de, intensive, and lacio, to entice.] Delicious, de-lish'us, adj. full of delicacies : highly pleasing to the senses: affording ex- quisite pleasure.— «. Deli'CiOUSneSS. [L. dell' ciosus — delicice. ] Deliciously, de-lish'us-li, adv. in a delicious manner: [B.] luxuriously. Delight, de-lIt', v.t. to please highly. — v.i. to have or take great pleasure : to be greatly pleased. — «. a high degree of pleasure : extreme satisfaction : that which gives great pleasure. [O. E. delite ; from O. Fr. dcliter — L. delectare, intensive oi delicio. See Delicate.] Delightful, de-llt'fool, Delight'some, -sum, adj., full of delight.— adv. Delight'f ully. — «. De- light'fulness. Delineate, de-lin'e-at, v.t. to mark out with lines: to represent by a sketch or picture: to portray : to describe accurately in words. [L. delineo, delineatum — de, down, and linea, a line. See Line.] Delineation, de-lin-e-a'shun, n. the act of deline- ating: a sketch, representation, or description. Delineator, de-lin'e-a-tor, «. one who delineates. Delinquency, de-ling'kwen-si, «., failure in or omission of duty : a fault : a crime. Delinquent, de-ling'kwent, adj., leaving one's duty : failing in duty. — >i. one who fails in or leaves his duty: a transgressor: a criminal. — adv. Deliu'quently. [L. delinguens, -entis, pr.p. of deling uo — de, intensive, and litiqtco, to leave. ] Deliquesce, del-i-kwes', v.i. to melt and become liquid by absorbing moisture, as certain salts, &c. [L. deliguesco, to melt away — de, intensive, and liquesco, to become fluid — liqueo, to be fluid.] Deliquescent, del-i-kwes'ent, adj., becoming liquid in the atmosphere. — n. Deliquesc'ence. Delirious, de-lir'i-us, adj. wandering in mind : light-headed : insane. —ator, to threaten.] Demean, de-men', v.t. to make mean: to lower. [L. de, and Mean.] Demeanour, de-men'ur, «. behaviour : bearing. Demented, de-ment'ed, adj., out of Okie's mind: deprived of reason. [L. demens, dementis, out of one's mind— (/c, from, and tuens, the mind.] Demerit, de-mer'it, n. ill-desert : fault : crime. (L. de, want of, and Merit.] Demesne. See Domain. Demigod, dem'i-god, «., half a god: one whose nature is partly divine. [Fr. demi, half, and God.] Demise, de-mTz, «., laying down — hence, a trans- ferring : the death of a sovereign or a distin- guished person : a transfer of the crown or of an estate to a successor. — v.t. to send down to a successor : to bequeath by will. [O. Fr. demise, pa.p. of demettre, to lay down — L. dimittere , to send away — ^L. dis, aside and mittere, ■missus, to send.] Demi-semiquaver, dem'i-sem'i-kwa-ver, n. (8 (music) a note equal in time to the half o{ a semiquaver. [Fr. demi, half, and Semi- quaver.] Demission, de-mish'un, n. a loivering or letting do'a'u : degradation : humiliation. [L. demissio.] Democracy, de-mok'ra-si, n. a form of govern- ment in which the supreme power is vested in the people collectively. [Gr. demokratia — demos, the people, and krated, to rule — kratos, strength ; akin to E. Hard.] Democrat, dem'o-krat, n. one who adheres to or promotes democracy. Democratic, dem-o-krat'ik, Democratical, dem-o- krat'i-kal, adj. relating to democracy. — adv. Democrat'ically. Demolish, de-mol'ish, v.t. to reduce to a shape- less heap: to destroy, ruin. [Fr. demolir — L. demoiior, to throw or pull down — de, down, and molior, to move, to hurl — moles, a heap.] Demolition, dem-o-lish'un, n. the act of pulling down : ruin : destruction. Demon, de'mon, n. [myth.) a spirit holding a place between man and the gods : an evil spirit, a devil. [L. dcemou — Gr. daimon, a spirit, genius.] Demoniac, de-mo'ni-ak. Demoniacal, de-mo-ni'- ak-al, adj. pertaining to or like demons or evil spirits : influenced by demons. — adv. Demoni'- acally. Demoniac, de-mo'ni-ak, n. a human being pos- sessed by a demon or evil spirit. Demonolatry, de-mon-ol'a-tri, «. the worship of demons. [Gr. daimon, and latreia, worship.] Demonologist, de-mon-ol'o-jist, «. a writer on demonology. DemonolOgy, de-mon-ol'o-ji, n, a discourse on demons and their a.gex\cy.—adjs. DemonolOg'iC, Demonolog'ical. [Gr. daimon, logos, a. dis- course.] Demonstrable, de-mon'stra-bl, adj. that may be demonstra ted. —n. Demon'strableness. —adv. Demon'strably. Demonstrate, de-mon'strat, v. t. to shew or point out clearly : to prove with certainty. [L. demon- stro — de, intensive, and monstro, to shew. See Monster.] Demonstration, dem-on-strii'shun, «. a pointing out : proof beyond doubt : expression of the feelings by outward signs : show : a feigned movement of troops in war. Demonstrative, de-mon'stra-tiv, adj. making evident : proving with certainty : given to the manifestation of one's feelings. — adv. Demou'- stratively. — «. Demon'strativeness. Demonstrator, dem'on-stra-tor, n. one who proves beyond doubt: one who teaches: (anat.) one who teaches anatomy from the dissected parts. fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote : mute • mSSn ; /Aec. 117 Demoralisation Demoralisation, de-nior-al-i-za'sliun, «. act of Jeinoralising: corruption or subversion of morals. Demoralise, de-mor'al-iz, z>.i. to briiti; down or corrupt ill morals: to lower the tiiorale — that is, to deprive of spirit and confidence. [Fr. d^inoraliser — L. de, down, and Fr. morale, morals. See Moral.] Demotic, de-mot'ik, adj. pertaining to the f>t-ofiU-: popular. [Gr. demos, the people.] Demulcent, de -mul'sent, adj. soothing. [L. diinulccns — de, and miilceo, to stroke, to soothe. ] Demur, de-mnr*, v.i. to hesitate from uncertainty or before difficulty : to object : — fir.f>. dcmurr'- ing ; /«./. demurred'.— «. a stop: pause, hesi- tation. [Fr. demeurer — L. demoror, to loiter, linger — de, intensive, and moror, to delay— mora, delay.] Demure, dumur', ^i^'. sober: staid: modest: affectedly modest : making a show of gravity. — adv. Demurely.—/;. Demure'ness. [O. Fr. de (bans) miirs, of good manners, Fr. mceiirs — L. mores, manners.] Demurrage, de-mur'aj, «. an allowance made to the owner of a trading vessel for undue delay or detention in port. Demurrer, de-mur'er, n. one who demurs : [laid) an exception by one party in a suit to the suffi- ciency in point of law of the case of the opposite party. Demy, de-ml', «. a size of paper 22j by ijj inches. [Fr. de)ni — L. diiniditim, half — dis, through, and medius, the middle.] Demy, de-ml', n. a scholar of Magdalen College, O.xford. [Ety. same as above.] Den, den, n. the hollow lair of a wild beast : a cave : provin., a narrow valley. [A.S. denn, a cave, and denu, a valley.] Denary, den'ar-i, adj. containing ien.—n. the number ten. [L. denarius — deni, ten at a time — decent, ten.] Denationalise, de-nash'un-al-Tz, v.t. to deprive of tiational rights. [L. de, priv. and Nation- alise. ] Denaturalise, de-nat'u-ral-Tz, v.i. to make un- natural: to deprive of acquired citizenship in a foreign country. [L. de, priv., and Naturalise.] Dendroid, den'droid, adj. having th^ Jorm of a tree. [Gr, dendron, a tree, and eidos, form.] Dendrology, den-drol'o-ji, «. a treatise on trees: the natural history of trees. [Gr. dendron, and logos, a discourse. ] Deniable, de-nl'a-bl, adj. that may be denied. Denial, de-nl'al, n. act of detiying or saying no : contradiction : refusal : rejection. Denizen, den'i-zn, «. an inhabitant : one admitted to the rights of a citizen. — zi.t. to make a denizen of, or admit to residence : to enfranchise : to provide with occupants. — n. Den'izenship. [O. Fr. deinzein — deinz, dens, Fr. dans, within — L. de intiis, from within.] Denominate, de-nom'in-at, v.t. to give a name to : to call : to designate. [L. de, and nomino, nomiiiatiDii, to name — notnen, a name.] Denomination, de-nom-in-a'shun, n. the act of naming : a name or title : a collection of indi- viduals called by the same name : a sect. Denominational, de-nom-in-a'shun-al, adj. be- longing to a denomination or sect. Denominationalism, de-nom-in-a'shun-al-izm, «. a denominational or class spirit or policy : de- votion to the interests of a sect. Denominative, de-nom'in-at-iv, adj. giving or having a iii\s.— adv. Denom'inatlvoly. Department Denominator, de-nom'in-at-or, n. he who or that which gives a name: [arith.) the lower num- ber in a vulgar fraction, which names the parts into which the integer is divided. Denote, de-nOt', v.t. to note or jnark off: to indicate by a sign: to signify or mean: [log.) to indicate the objects comprehended in a class. — n. Denota'tion. [L. denoto — de, intensive, and nolo, to mark— «c/rt, a mark or sign. See Note.] Denouement, de-noo'mong, «. the unravelling of a plot or story : the issue, event, or outcome. [F'r. dhioiter, to uiltie — de, priv., and noiier, to tie — L. nodus, a knot*.] Denounce, de-no»#»i', v.t. to inform against or accuse publicly. [Fr. denoncer — L. denuncio — de, intensive, and nuncio, to announce.] Denouncement, de-nowns'ment. Same as Denun- ciation. Dense, dens, adj., thick: close: compact. — adv. Densely. —«. Dense'ness. [L. densns, thick.] Density, dens'i-ti, n. the quality of heingdense: I the proportion of mass to bulk or volume. Dent, dent, n. a small hollow made by the pressure or blow of a harder body on a softer. — v.t. to make a mark by means of a blow. [A variety of Dint.] Dental, den'tal, adj. belonging to the teeth: pro- duced by the aid of the teeth. — n. an articulation or letter pronounced chiefly with the teeth. [L. dens, dentis, a tooth. See Tooth.] Dentate, den'tat, Dentated, den'tat-ed, adj., toothed: notched : set as with teeth. Denticle, den'ti-kl, n. a small tooth. — adj. Den- ticulate, den-tik'u-lat.— «. Denticula'tion. [L. deiiticiilus, dim. oi dens, a tooth.] Dentifrice, den'ti-fris, n. a substance used in rubbing or cleaning the teeth. [L. denti/ri- cium, from dens, a.nA/rico, to rub.] Dentist, den'tist, «. one who cures diseases of the teeth, or inserts artificial teeth. Dentistry, den'tist-ri, K. the business of a dentist. Dentition, den-tish'un, n. the cutting or growing of teeth : the conformation or arrangement of the teeth. [L. , from dentio, to cut teeth— a'^«J.] Denudation, den-u-da'shun, n. a making nude or bare: [geol.) the wearing away of rocks by water and atmospheric action, whereby the un- derlying rocks are laid bare. Denude, de-nud', v.t. to make nude or naked: to lay bare. [L. denicdo — de, intensive, and n-udo, to make naked — niidus, naked. See Nude, Nalied.] Denunciate, de-nun'shi-at. Same as Denounce. Denunciation, de-nun-shi-a'shun or -si-a'-, n. the act oi denouncing : a threat. [nounces. Denunciator, de-nun'shi a-tor, n. one who de- Denunciatory, de-nun'shi-a-tor-i, adj. contain- ing a denunciation : threatening. Deny, de-nl', v.t. to gainsay or declare not to be true : to reject : to disown •.—pr.p. deny'ing ; pa. p. denied'. [Fr. denier — L. de-tiego — de, in- tensive, and nego, to say no. See Negation.] Deodorise, de-o'dor-Tz, v.t. to take the odour or smellyOww. [L. de, from, and root of OdOUr.] Deoxidate, de-oks'i-dat, Deoxidise, de-oksi-dlz, v.t. to take oxygen from, or reduce from the state of an oxide. — n. Deoxida'tion. [L. de, from, and Oxidate, Oxldlse.] Depart de-part', v.i. to part from : to go away: to quit or leave : to die. [Fr. def>artir — L. de, from, and f>artior, to part, to divide. See Part.] Department, de-part'ment, n. that which is parted or separated : a part or portion : a sepa- 118 f2te, far : mS, hir ; mine : mOte : mQte ; mSDn : endeo — de, from, a.i\di pendeo, to hang.] Dependence, de-pend'ens. Dependency, de-pend'- en-si, n. state of being dependent : connection : reliance : trust : that on which one depends : colony. Dependent, de-pend'ent, «. one who depends on, relies on, or is sustained by another. [Fr.] Dependent, de-pend'ent, adj., depending : relying or resting on : subject to : subordinate. — adzK Depend'ently. [L.J Depict, de pikt', v.i. to picture or paint care- fully : to make a likeness of: to describe minutely. [L. depingo, depictus—de, intensive, and//«^^^, to paint.] Depilatory, de-pil'a-tor-i, adj., taking hair off. — n. an application for taking off hair. [Fr. — L. depilo — de, off, and pilns, hair. See Pile. ] Depletion, de-ple'shun, n. the lessening of the quantity of blood in the vessels. [L. depleo, depletiis — de, negative, and pleo, to fill. See FiU, FuU.] Deplorable, de-plor'a-bl, adj. lamentable : sad. — «. Deplor'ableness.— a^^z/. Deplor'ably. Deplore, de-plor', v.t. to feel or express deep grief for : to lament. — adv. Deplor'ingly. [Fr. — L. deploro — de, intensive, und ploro, to weep.] Deploy, de-ploy', v.t. to utifold : to open out or extend. — v.i. to open: to extend from column into line, as a body of troops. [Fr. deployer — des (= L. dis), apart, and player (= L. plico), to fold. Doublet of Display. See Ply.] Deplume, de-ploom', v.t. to take the plumes or feathers from. — «. Depluma'tion. [L. de, from, daiA pluma, a feather.] Depolarise, de-po'lar-iz, v.t. to deprive oi polar- ity.— n. Depolarisa'tion. [L. de, from, and Polarise ] Depone, de-pon', v.t. to testify upon oath. [L. depono, to lay down — de, down, and pono, to place.] Deponent, de-pO'nent, adj. (grant.) applied to verbs with a passive form that lay do7un or lose the passive signification. — ;;. one who gives evi- dence in a court of justice. {L.,pr.p. oi depono.] Depopulate, de-pop'u-lat, z'.i. to deprive of popu- lation, to dispeople. — z'. 2. to become dispeopled. — «. Depop'ulator. [L. depopulor, depopitlatns — de, inten., and popular, to spread over a country, said of a hostile people (L. populus), hence to ravage, to destroy.J Depopulation, de-pop-u-la'shun, «. act of depopu- lating : havoc : destruction. Deport, de-port', v.t. to carry off: to transport : to exile : to behave. [L. deporio — de, away, and porta, partatus, to carry.] Deportation, de-port a'shun, «. act of deporting: state of being deported or exiled : banisliment. Deportment, de-pOrt'ment, 71. carriage : be- haviour. Deposable, de-poz'a-bl, adj. that may be deposed. Deposal, de-poz'al, n. act of deposing. Depose, de-poz', '.t. to put down from a throne or high station : to degrade. [Fr. deposer—de, and poser, to place — L. pausare, to pause ; Low L., to place. See Pause, Pose.] Deposit, de-poz'it, 7'. i*. lo put or set down : to place : Depth to lay up or past: to intrust. — «. that which is deposited or put down: (geol.) rocks produced by denudation or laying do-mn of other forma- tions : something intrusted to another's care, esp. money put in a bank : a pledge. — «. De pos'itor. [L. depositus, placed — depono, iron de, and />ono, to put or set down.] Depositary, de-poz'i-tar-i, n. a person with whom anythnig is deposited, or left tor safe keeping : a guardian. Deposition, dep-o-zish'un, n. act oi deposing: act oi deponing: evidence given in a court of jus- tice : removal : act of depositing: what is depos- ited, sediment. [thing is deposited. Depository, de-poz'i-tar-i, K. a place where any- Depot, de-po' or de'po, ?/. a place of deposit; a storehouse ; a military station where stores are kept and recruits trained : the headquarters of a regiment. [Fr. depot — L. depositu7n — depono. The n. Deposit is a doublet.] Depravation, dep-ra-va'shun, n. act of deprav- ing : state of being depraved : depravity. Deprave, de-prav', v.t. to make bad or worse : to corrupt. [Fr. — L. depravo — de, intensive, and pravus, crooked, bad.] Depraved, de-pravd', adj. corrupt : abandoned. — adv. Deprav'edly.— «. Deprav'edness. Depravity, de-prav'i-ti, n. a vitiated or corrupt state of moral character : extreme wickedness : corruption. Deprecate, dep're-kat, v.t. to try to ward off hy prayer: to desire earnestly the removal of: to regret deeply.— rtifw. Dep'recatingly. [L. deprecor, deprecatus — de, away, and precor, to pray. See Pray.] [evil: entreaty. Deprecation, dep-re-ka'shun, n. a praying ?iga.ms\. Deprecative, dep're-ka-tiv. Deprecatory, dep're- ka-tor-i, adj. tending to avert evil hy prayer; having the form of prayer. Depreciate, de-pre'shi-at, v.t. to lower the worti. of: to undervalue : to disparage. — v.i. to fall in value. [L. depretio, depretiatus — de, down, a.ud pretium, price. See Price.] Depreciation, de-pre-shi-a'shun, n. the falling of value : disparagement. Depreciative, de-pre'shi-a-tiv. Depreciatory, de- pre'shi-a-tor-i, adj. tending to depreciate or lower. Depredate, dep're-dat, v.t. to plunder or prey upon: to rob: to lay waste: to devour. [L. deprcedar, depnedatus — de, intensive, and priedor — pneda, plunder. See Prey.] Depredation, dep-re-da shun, n. act of depre- dating or plimdering : state ol being depredated. Depredator, dep're-da-tor, n. a plu>ide>'er, a rohhftr.— adj. Dep'redatory. Depress, de-pres', v.t. to press dawn: to let down : to lower : to humble : to dispirit or cast a gloom over.— adv. Depress'ingly. [L. de- primo, depressus — de, down, and premo, to press.] Depression, de-presh'un, «. a falling in or sink- ing : a hollow : abasement : dejection. Depressive, de-pres'iv, adj.- able or tending to depress.— n. Depress'or. Deprivation, dep-ri-va'shun, «. act of depriving: state of being deprived : loss : bereavement. Deprive, de-prlv', v.t. to take away from one his otun : to take from : to dispossess : to bereave. [L. d-, from, and privo, to deprive -privus, one's own.] Depth, depth, K., deepness: the measure of deep- ness down or inwards : a deep place : the sea : the middle, as depth of winter : ab'~tniseness : ex- fate, far; me, her: mine; mOte ; mute; moon; i^/sen. 119 Deputation tent of sagacity and penetration. — adj. Oepth'- leSS, having no depth. (See Deep.] Deputation, dep-u-ta'shun, «. act of tie^uti?tg : the person or persons deputed or appointed to transact business for another. Depute, de-put', v.t. to appoint or send, as a sub- stitute or agent: to send with a special commis- sion. [Fr. — L. deputo, to cut off, Late L. to select.] Deputy, dep'fi-ti, n. one deputed or appointed to .u.t lor another: a delegate or representative. Dei'ange, de-ranj', v.t. to put out of place or order: to disorder. [Fr. deraiiger — -t>;« a river: to take or receive from a source or origin: to infer: {etym.) to trace a word to its root. [L. derivo — de, down from, and riz'us, a river.] [the skin — dero, to flay.] Derm, derm, «. the skin. [Gr. derma, deriitatos. Dermal, derm'al, adj. pertaining to the ski7i : consisting of skin. Dermatology, der-ma-tol'o-ji, n. the branch of physiology which treats of the skin. [Gr. derma, and logos, a discourse.] Derogate, der'o-giit, v.i. to lessen by taking away : to detract. [L. derogo, to repeal part of a law — de, down from, and rogo, to propose a law. See Abrogate.] Derogation, der-o-ga'shun, «. a taking from : de- traction : dspreciation. Derogatory, de-rog'a-tor-i, adj. detracting: in- jurious.— a^^z/. Derog'atorily.— «. Derog'atori- ness. Dervls, der'vis, Dervish, der'vish, n. among Mohammedans, a class of monks who profess extreme poverty, and lead an austere life. [Pers. derwesch, poor.] Descant, des'kant, n. (lit.) a pari sotig: a dis- course or disquisition in several parts, or under several heads : a discourse. [O. Fr. descant — L. dis, apart, and cantiis, a song — canto, to sing.] [comment. Descant, des-kant', v.i. to discourse at length : to Descend, de-send', v.i. to climb down: to pass from a higher to a lower place or condition : to fall upon or invade : to be derived.— z/./. to go down upon. [Fr. descendre — L. descendo — de, down, and scando, to climb.] Descendant, de-send'ant, n. one who descends, as offspring from an ancestor. [Fr.] Designate Descendent, de-send'ent, adj., descending or ,t;oing doum : proceeding from an ancestor. [L.J Descendible, de-send'i-bl, adj. that may descend or be descended. Descension, de-sen'shun, «. act of descending: a falling or sinking. — adj. Descen'sipnal. Descent, de-sent', n. act of descending: motion or progress duwnw.ird : slope : a falling upoji or invasion : derivation from an ancestor. Describable, de-skrib'a-bl, adj. capable of beinj described. Describe, de-skrlb', v.t. to trace out or delineate : to give an account of [L. describo — de, down, and scribo, scripiiis, to write.] Description, de-skrip'shun, n. act of describing: an account of anything in words : definition : sort, class, or kind. Descriptive, de-skrip'tiv, adj. containing descrip- tion. — adv. Descrip'tlvely. — «. Descrip'tive- ness. Descry, de-skrl', v.i. to discover by the eye : to espy :—pr.p. descry'ing ; pa. p. descried'. [O. Fr. descrire for descrivre — L. describe. It is a doublet of Describe.] Desecrate, des'e-krat, v.t. to divert y?-<7;« a sacred purpose : to profane. [L. desecro — de, away from, and sacro, to make sacred — sacer, sacred.] Desecration, des-e-kra'shun, «. act of desecrat- ing: profanation. Desert, de-zert', n. the reward or punishment de- semed: claim to reward: merit. Desert, de-zert', v.t. to leave: to forsake. — v.i. to run away : to quit a service, as the army, without permission. [L. desero, desertiis — de, negative, and sero, to bind.] Desert, dez'ert, adj., deserted: forsaken : deso- late: uncultivated. — «. a desolate or barren place : a wilderness : a solitude. Deserter, de-zert'er, n. one who deserts or quits a service without permission. Desertion, de-zer'shun, «. act of deserting: state of being deserted. Deserve, de-zerv', v.t. to earn by service: to merit. — v.i. to be worthy of reward. [L. de- servio—de, intensive, ^ni. servio, to serve.] Deservedly, de-zerv'ed-li, adv. according to desert: justly. [—adv. Deserv'ingly. Deserving, de-zerv'ing, adj., worthy. — «. desert. Deshabille, des-a-bil', n. an undress: a careless toilet. [Fr. deshabille, undressed— ^^.f, L. dis = nn, not, and habiller, to dress.] Desiccant, de-sik'ant, Desiccative, de-sik'at-iv. adj., drying: having the power of drying. — 71. an application that tends to dry up sores. Desiccate, de-sik'at, v.t. to dry up. — v.i. to grow dry. [L. desicco, to dry up — de, and sicc7is, dry.] Desiccation, des-ik-a'shun, 71. the act of desiccat- i/ig: state of being desiccated. Desiderate, de-sid'er-at, v.t. to long for or ear- nestly desire a thing : to want or miss. [L. desidero, desideratum — from root of Consider. A doublet of Desire.] Desideratum, de-sid-er-a'tum, «. something de- sired or much wanted. — pi. Desiderata, de- sid-er-a'ta. [L., pa. p. oi desidero.] Design, de-sin' or de-zTn', v.t. to mark out: to draw : to form a plan of: to contrive : to intend. — 71. a drawing or sketch : a plan in outline : a plan or scheme formed in the mind : plot : in- tention. — adj. Design'able. [Fr. — L. designo — de, and sig7ium, a mark.] Designate, des'ig-nat, v.t. to 7nark out so as to make known : to shew : to name. — n. Des'ig- nator. 120 fate, far ; me, hfe ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; mOon ; Men. Designation Designation, des-ig-nu'shun, «. a showing or pointing out : name : title. Designedly, de-sln'ed-li, adv. by design: inten- tionally, [or patterns : a plotter. Designer, de-sln'er, «. one who furnishes designs Designing, de-sln'ing, adj. artful : scheming : de- ceitful. — «. the art of making designs or patterns. Desirable, de-zlr'a-bl, adj. worthy of desire: pleasing: agreeable. — adv. Desir'ably. — «. De- sirableness. Desire, de-zir', v.t. to long for \hs possession of : to wish for : to request, ask : [B.) to regret. — «. an earnest longing for : eagerne.ss to obtain : a prayer or request : the object desired : lust. [Fr. dt'sirer — L. desidentre. See Desiderate.] Desirous, de-zlr'us, adj. full oi desire : an.\ious to obtain : eager. Desist, de-sist', v.i. to stop: to forbear. [L. de- sisio — de, away, and sisio, to cause to stand.] Desk, desk, n. a sloping table for the use of writers or readers: a pulpit. [A.S. disc, a table, plate — L. discus. It is a variant of Dish and Disc] Desolate, des'o-lat, v.t. to jnake solitary : to de- prive of inhabitants : to lay waste. — adj. soli- tary : destitute of inhabitants : laid waste. — adv. Desolately.— «. Des'olatoness. [L. desolo, de- solatus — de, intensive, and solo, to make alone — solus, alone.] [a place desolated. Desolation, des-o-Ia'shun, «. waste : destruction : Despair, de-spiV, v.i. to be witlwut ho^e : to de- spond. — «. want of hope: utter hopelessness: that which causes despair. — adv. Despair'ingly. [O. Fr. desperer and despoircr — L. despero — de, privative, and spero, to hope. ] Despatcll, de-spach', v.t. to send away hastily: to send out of the world : to put to death : to dispose of; to perform speedily. — n. a sending away in haste : dismissal : rapid performance : haste : that which is despatched, as a message. [O. Fr. despeechcr, ace. to Littre, from Low L. dispedicare, to remove obstacles {pedica, a fet- ter), the opp. oi impedicare. See Impeach.] Desperado, des-per-a'do, n. a desperate folloiv: one reckless of danger : a madman :^pl. Des- pera'does. [.Sp. desesperado — L. desperatiis.} Desperate, des'per-at, adj. in a state of despair: hopeless : beyond hope : fearless of danger : rash : furious. — adv. Des'perately.— «. Des'per- ateness. [disregard of danger : fury. Desperation, des-per-a'shun, n. state of despair : Despicable, des'pi-ka-bl, adj. deserving to be despised : contemptible : worthless. — «. Des'pl- cableness.— rtrfz'. Des'picably. Desplght, de-sptt', an old form of Despite. Despise, de-splz', ZKt. to look down upon with contempt : to scorn. [L. despicio — de, down, specio, to look.] Despite, de-spIt', «. a looking do%vn upon with con- tempt : violent malice or hatred. — prep, in spite of: notwithstanding. [Fr. depit, O. Fr. despit — L. despectus — despicio. '^ Despiteful, de-splt'fool, adj. full of despite or spite.— arfw. Despite'fully.— «. Despite'ful- ness. Despoil, de-spoil', v. t. to spoil completely : to stiip : to bereave: to rob. — ns. DespoU'er, Despolia'tion. [O. Fr. despoiller—'L. despoli- are — de, inten., and root of Spoil ] Despond, de-spond', v.i. to lose hope or courage : to despair.— w;/ a throne : to divest of royal authority. [L. de. from, and Throne.] {a throne: deposition. Dethronement, de-thrOn'ment, n. removal from Detonate, det'o nat, 7'.i. to explode. — v.t. to cause to explode. [L. detono — de, down, and tono, to thunder.] Detonation, det-o-na'shun, n. a sndden explosion. Detour, de-toor', n. a winding : a circuitous way. [Fr. de, for L. dis, asunder, and tour, a turning. See Turn.] Detract, dc-trakt', v.i. to take away from the credit or reputation of: to defame: to abuse. — • «,c. Detract 'er, Detraot'or.— rtr/?-. Detract'- Ingly. [T,. — de, from, and iraho, to draw.] Detraction, de-trak'shun, n. depreciation : slander. Detractory, de-trakt'or-i, adf. tending to detract : derogatory. Detrain, de-tran', v.t. to take out of a railway train, as troops. Detriment, det'ri-ment, «. a rubbins; off or wear ing away : damage : loss. [L. dctriinentnm— de, off, and te70, tritiis, to rub.) Detrimental, det-ri-ment'al, adj. injurious. Detrition, de-trish'un, «. a wearing away. Detritus, de-trl'tus, «. a mass of substance gra- dually rubbed or worn offsoWd bodies — smaller than debris. [L. — de, off, and tero, trittis, to rub.] Detrude, de-trood', v.t. to th}".4st down. [L. de, down, and trudo, to thrust.] Detruncate, de-trung'kat, v.t. to cut off from the trunk: to lop off: to shorten. [L. de, off, and trwico, to \op^tr/incus, a trunk. ] [off. Detruncation, de-trung-ka'shun, u. act of lopping Detrusion, de-troo'zhun, «. a thrusting down. Deuce, dus, «. a card or die with two spots. [Fr. deux, two— L. duo, two.] Deuce, Deuse, dus, «. the evil one : the devil. [O. Fr. dens, O God— L. dens, God. ' It 13 merely a Norman oath vulgarised' (Skeat).] Deuterogamy, dO-ter-og'a-mi. n., second mar- riage, esp. of the clergy, after the death of the first wife. [Gr. dettteros, second, and gamos, marriage.] Deuteronomy, du-ter-on'o-mi or du'ter-on-0-mi, «. the fifth book of the Pentateuch, which con- tains the second giving of the lam by Moses. [Gr. deuteros, second, and noinos, law.] Devastate, dev'as-tat, v.t. to lay waste: to plunder. [L. de, intensive, and vasio, to lay waste.] Devastation, dev-as-ta'shun, n. act of devastat- ing; state of being devastated : waste : desola- tion. Develop, de-vel'op, v.t. to unroll: to unfold: to lay open by degrees. — v.i. to grow into : to open out -.—pr.p. devel'oping ; pa. p. devel'oped. [Fr. developper, opp. of etivelopper ; both perh. from a Tent, root found in £. Lap, to wrapk See Lap, Envelope.] Development, de-vel'op-ment, n. a gradual un- folding : a gradual growth. Deviate, de'vi-at, zi.i. to go from the way : to turn aside from a certain course: to err. [L. de, from, via, a way.] Deviation, de-vi-a'shun, «. a going out of the way : a turning aside : error. Device, de-vIs', «. that which is devised or de- signed : contrivance : power of devising : genius : [her.) the emblem borne upon a shield. [Fr. devise. See Devise.] Devil, dev'l, n. (lit.) the slanderer or accuser: Satan :.any evil spirit : a very wicked person. — • v.t. [cookery) to pepper excessively. [A.S. deofol, dioful — L. diabolus — Gr. diabolns, from diaballo, to throw across, to slander, from dia, across, and hallo, to throw.] Devilish, dev'il-ish, adj. of or like the devil: gk- cessivelybad.— tirfz/. Dev'ilishly. — «. Dev'ilish- ness. [extreme wickedness. Devilry, dev'il-ri, n. conduct worthy of the devil: Devious, de'vi-us, adj. from or out of the way : erring.— rt(fo. De'viously. — ?2. De'viousneas. [See Deviate.] 122 fate, fav : me, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; mCOn ; titeji.. Devise Dovise, de-viz', v.l. to imagine : to scheme : to contrive : to give by will : to bequeath. — «. act of bequeathing : a will : property bequeathed by will. [Fr. deviser — Low L. lih'isa, a division of goods, a bound or mark of division, a mark, a device — L. divide, divisus, to divide.] [trives. Deviser, de-vTz'er, «. one who devises or con- Devisor, de-vTz'or, n. one who devises or be- queaths by will. Devoid, de-voici', adj., quite void : destitute : free from. [L. de, intensive, and Void..] Devoir, dev-wawr', «. what is due, duty : service : an act of civility. [Fr. — L. debeo, to owe.] Devolution, dev-o-lu'shun, n. a passing from one person to another. [See Devolve.] Devolve, de-volv', v.t. to roll down : to hand down : to deliver over. — v.i. to roll down : to fall or pass over. [L. de, down, volvo, volutus, to roll.] Devonian, de-vo'ni-an, adj. noting a system of geological strata which abound in Devonshire, originally called Old Red Sandstone. Devote, de-vot', v.t. to vozv : to set apart or dedi- cate by solemn act : to doom : to give up wholly. [L. devoveo, devotus—de, away, and rcK'i'O, to vow.] Devoted, de-vot'ed, adj. given up to, as by a vow : -strongly attached : zealous. — adv. Devot'edly. —n. Devot'^^ess. Devotee, dev-o-te', «. one wholly orsuperstitiously devoted, esp. to religion : a bigot. Devotion, de-vo'shun, «. consecration : giving up of the mind to the worship of God : piety : prayer : strong affection or attachment : ardour. Devotional, de-vo'shun-al, adj. pertaining or suitable to deiiotioii. — adv. Devo'tionally. Devour, de-vowr', v.t. to s%vallozv greedily : to eat up : to consume or waste with violence or wan- tonness ; to destroy. — ii. Devour'er. [Fr. de- vorer — L. devoro — de, intensive, and voro, to swallow. See Voracious.] Devout, de-vowt', adj. given up to religious thoughts and exercises : pious : solemn. — adv. Devoutly.— «. Devout'ness. [Fr. devot—l.. devotits. See Devote. ] Dew, du, «., 7noist7tre deposited from the air in minute specks upon the surface of objects. — -'.;'. to wet with dew: to moisten. — ii. De'W^drop. [A.S. deaw, akin to Ice. dogg, Ger. tluzu, dew.] Dewlap, du'lap, «. the loose flesh about the throat of o.ven, which laps or licks the dew in grazing. Dewpoint, du'point, n.. the pomt or temperature at which deiv begins to form. Dewy, du'i, adj. like dew : moist with dew. Dexter, deks'ter, adj. on the right-Jiand side : right. [L. dexter ; Gr. dexios. Sans, dakshiua, on the right, on the south.] Dexterity, deks-ter'i-ti, ti., right-handedness: cleverness : readiness and skill : adroitness. Dexterous, deks'ter-us, adj., right-handed: adroit : s\ihi\e..—adv. Dex'terously. — «. Dex'- terousness. Dextral, deks'tral, adj., right, as opposed to left. Dey, da, n. a governor of Algiers before the French conquest. [Turk, dai, orig. a maternal uncle, a familiar title of the chief of the Jani- zaries, often promoted to the above post.] Diabetes, dl-a-be'tez, «. a disease marked by a morbid and excessive discharge of urine. [Gr., from dia, through, and baino, to go.] DlatetiC, di-a-bet'ik, adj. pertaining to diabetes. DiaboUc, dl-a-bol'ik, Diabolical, dl-a-bol'ik-al, adj., devilish.— adv. Diaborically. [L.— Gr. diaboiikos, from diabolos, the devil. See Devil.] Diamagnetlo Dlaconal, dI-ak'o-nal,rtr(^'. pertaining to a (/?«<:(?«. Dlaconate, dl-ak'o-nat, II. the office of a deacon. Diacritic, dl-a-krit'ik. Diacritical, dl-a-krit'ik-al, adj., distinguishing between. [Gr. — dia, be- tween, and krino, to distinguish. See Critic] Diadem, dl'a-dem, ti. a band or fillet worn round the head as a badge of royalty : a crown : royalty. [Gr. diadeina — dia, round, and deo, to bind.] Diademed, dl'a-demd, adj. wearing a diadem. Diaeresis, DieresiS, di-er'e-sis, n. a mark (••! placed over one of two vowels to shew that each is to be pronounced .separately, as in aerial. —pi. Diaer'eses, Dier'eses. \Gr.—dia, apart, and haired, to take.] Diagnosis, dl-ag-no'sis, n. the distinguishing a disease by means of its symptoms : a brief de- scription -.^pl. Diagno'ses. [Gr. — dia, between, &nd ginosko, to know.] Diagnostic, dl-ag-nos'tik, adj., distinguishing : characteristic. — ti. that by which anything is known : a symptom. Diagonal, dl-ag'o-nal, adj., through the corners, or from angle to an opposite angle of a four or many sided figure. — n. a straight line so drawn. —adv. Diag'onally. [L. diagonalis, from Gr. diagonios—dia, through, ^nA gonia, a corner.] Diagram, dl'a-gram, «. a figure or plan drawn to illustrate any statement.— «(<>'. Diagrammat'ic. [Gr. diagrainina — dia, round, and grapho, to write, delineate.] Diagraph, dl a-graf, «. an instrument used in perspective drawing. Dial, di'al, ti. an instrument for shewing the time of day by the sun's shadow : the face of a watch or clock. [Low L. dialis, daily — L. dies, a day.] Dialect, dl'a-Iekt, n. a variety or form of a lan- guage peculiar to a district. [Gr. dialektos, speech, manner of speech, peculiarity of speech — dia, between, and lego, to choose, to speak.] Dialectic, dl-a-lek'tik, Dialectical, dl-a-lek'tik al, adj. pertaining to dialect or to discourse : per- taining to dialectics : logical. — n. same as Dia- lectics.— rt^^z/. Dialec'tically. [Gr. dialehtikos.] Dialectician, dl-a-lek-tish'an, n. one skilled in dialectics, a logician. Dialectics, dl-a-lek'tiks, n.pl. art of discussing .■ that branch of logic which teaches the rules and modes of reasoning. [Gr. dialektike (techne, art, being understood), art of discussing by questioning, logic] Dialist, dl'al-ist, «. a maker of dials : ona skilled in dialling. — Dialling, di'al-ing, n. the art of constructing dials. [of, a dialogue. Dialogist, di-al'o-jist, «. a speaker in, or writer Dialogistic, di-al-o-jist'ik, Dialogistical, di-al-o- jist'ik-al, adj. in the form of a dialogue. Dialogue, dl'a-log, «., conversation between two or more persons, esp. of a formal or imaginary nature. [Fr. — L. dialogus — Gr. dialogos, a conversation — dialegoinai, to discoiu'se. See Dialect.] Dialysis, dl-al'i-sis, «. {chem.) the separation of substances by diffusion through a membranous septum or partition : diaeresis :— //. Dialyses, d\-3.X\-s^z.—adj. Dialyt'iC. [Gr. dialysis— dia, asunder, and lyo,to loose.] DiamagnetiC, dl-a-mag-net'ik, adj., cross-mag- netic : applied to any substance, such as a rod of bismuth or glass, which, when suspended between the poles of a magnet, arranges itself across the line joining the poles (a rod of iron or of sealing-wax so held arranges itself par- allel to the line joining the poles, and is said to file, lor ; me, hiir ; mine ; mOte : mute ; moon ; ^/ten. 123 Diameter Dietetic be fnrania^ieiic . [(Jr. tia, concord through all the notes. ] Diaper, dl'a-per, 11. linen cloth woven in figures, used for towels, &c. — v.t. to variegate with figures, as diaper. [Fr. diapri, O. Fr. diaspre ; from root of Jaspor.] Diaphaneity, dl-a-fa-ne'i-ti, «. equality of being diafilianoiis : power of transmittmg light. Diaphanous, dl-af'a-nus, adj., shining- or appear- ing through, transparent : clear. — adv. Diaph'- anously. [Gr. diaphanes — dia. through, and phainoy to shew, shine. See Phantom.] Diaphoretic, dl-a-fo-ret'ik, adj. promoting per- spiration. — n. a medicine that increases perspira- tion. [Gr. diaphoreo, to carry oft— dia, through, ani pherd, to bear.] Diaphragm, dl'a-fram, n. a thin partition or dividing membrane : the muscle which separates the chest from the abdomen ; called also the midriff. [Gr. diapkragtna — dia, across, phrag- ny>ni, to fence.] Diaphragmatic, di-a-frag-mat'ik, adj. pertaining to the diaphragm. Diarist, dl'a-rist, n. one who keeps a diary. Diarrhoea, dl-a-re'a, n. a persistent purging or looseness of the bowels. [Gr. diarrhoia—dia, through, and rlu-o, to flow.] Di&rrhcetic, dl-a-ret'ik, adj. producing diarrhoea. Diary, dl'a-ri, u. a daily record : a journal. [L. diarium, from dies, a day. See Dial.] Diastole, dl-as'to-le, «., dilation of the heart, auricles, and arteries ; opposed to Systole or con- traction of the same : the making a short syl- lable long. [Gr. diastole — dia, asunder, and stello, to place.] Diathermal, dl-a-ther'mal, adj. letting /t£at through, permeable by radiating heat. [Gr. dia, through, and tlierine, heat.] Diatonic, dl-a-ton'ik, adj. proceeding by tones, as the natural scale in music— aafe. Diaton'ically. [Gr., from dia, through, and tonos, tone.] Diatribe, dl'a-trlb, «. a continued discourse or disputation : an invective harangue. [Gr. dia- tribe, a wearing away of time : a discussion — dia, through, and iribo, to rub.] Dibber, dib'er, Dibble, dib'l, «. a- pointed tool used for dabbing or pricking holes to put seed or plants in. Dibble, dib'l, v.t. to plant with a dibble.— ■z'. ?. to make holes : to dip as in angling. [Freq. of dib, a form of Dip.] Dice, pi. of Die, for gaming. Dicephalous, dl-sef'a-lus, adj., two-headed. [Gr. dikephalos—dis, two, and kephale, a head.] Dichotomy, dl-kot'o-mi, «. a division into two parts.— «(]'/ Dichot'omous. [Gr., from diclta, HI two, and tcnnio, to cut.] Dickey, Dicky, dik'i, n. a seat behind a carriage. [Kty. dub. J Dicotyledon, dl-kot-i-le'don, n. a plant having two seed-lobes. [Gr. dis, two, and Cotyledon.] Dicotyledonous, dl-kot-i-le'don-us, adj. having t7vo cotyledons or seed-lobes. I Dictate, dik'tSt, v.t. to tell another what to say or write : to communicate with authority: to point out: to command. — n. an order, rule, or 1 direction : impulse. [L. dicto, dictatns, freq. ! of dico, to say, to speak.] [dictati?ig. '■ Dictation, dik-ta'shun, n. act, art, or practice of i Dictator, dik-ta'tor, «. one invested for a time I with absolute authority. Dictatorial, dik-ta-tO'ri-al, adj. like a dictator: absolute : authoritative. — adv. Dictato'rially. Dictatorship, dik-ta'tor-ship, n. the office of a dictator: term of a dictator's office. Diction, dik'shun, n. a saying or speaking : man- ner of speaking or expression : choice of words : style. [L. dictio, from dico, dictus, to say ; akin to Gr. deiknymi, to shew.] Dictionary, dik'shun-a-ri, >i. a book containing the words of a language alphabetically arranged, with their meanings, &c. : a work containing in- formation on any department of knowledge, alphabetically arranged. [Fr. diatfionnaire i\ Dictum, dik'tum, «., something said: a saying ; an authoritative saying -.—pi. Dic'ta. [L.] Did, d\A—past tense of Do. Didactic, di-dak'tik, Didactical, di-dak'tik-al, adj. fitted or intended to teach : instructive : preceptive.— a(/!7. Didac'tically. [Gr. didakti- kos — didasko, for di-dak-sko, to teach ; akin to L. doc-eo, to teach, disc-o, to learn. ] Didapper, did'ap-er, n. a water-bird that is con- stantly dipping or diving under water, also called the (/^^chick (orig. dapcVcicV). [A com- pound of dive and dapper (which is a variant of dipper). See Dip and Dive.] Die, &\, y.i. to lose life: to perish: to wither: to languish : to become insensible '.—pr.p. dying ; pa.t. and pa.p. died (did). [From a Scand. root ■ seen in Ice. deyja, Dan. do, Scot, dee, akin to O. Ger. towan, whence Ger. todt. The A.S. word is steor/an, whence our starve. "^ Die, dl, n. a small cube used in gaming by being throjvn from a hox : any small cubical body : hazard :— //. Dice, dIs. [Fr. de, del, Pro\. dat. It. dado, from Low L. dadns—L. daius, given or cast (talus, a piece of bone used in play, being understood). Doublets, Dado, Date.] Die, dl, n. a st.imp for impressing coin, &c. : the cubical part of a pedestal :— //. Dies, diz. Diet, di'et, n. mode of living with especial refer- ence to food : food prescribed by a physician : allowance of provision. — z/.^'. to furnish with food. — v.i. to eat : to take food according to rule. [Fr. diete. Low L. dia.p. differed. [L. differo—di/(~ dis),2c^2.rX., fcro. to bear. See Bear, to carry.] Difference, dif'er-ens, «. the quality distinguish- ing one thing from another : a contention or quarrel : the point in dispute : the excess of one quantity or number over another. Different, dif'er-ent, adj. distinct : separate : un- like : not the same.— a^z'. Diff'erently. [Fr. — L. differens, differentis, pr.p. oi differo.'\ Differential, dif-er-en'shal, adj. creating a dif- ference: (i)iath.) pertaining to a quantity or difference infinitely small. Difficult, dif'i-kult, adj. not easy: hard to be done ; requiring labour and pains : hard to please : not easily persuaded. — adv. Diff'i- cultly. [L. diffic!lis—dif{=^ dis), negative, and facilis, easy.] Difficulty, dif'i-kul-ti, «. laboriousness : obstacle ; objection : that which cannot be easily under- stood or believed : embarrassment of affairs. [Fr. difficultc — L. difficultas = difficilitas. See Difficult.] Diffidence, dif'i-dens, n. want of confidence : want of self-reliance : modesty: bashfulness. [L.] Diffident, dil'i-dent, adj., wanting faith in : dis- trustful of one's self: modest : bashful. — adv. Diffidently. [L., pr.p. of diffido, to distrust— d if [■:=:■ dis), negative, _/?rt'o, to \.t\x%\.— fides, faith.] Diffuse, dif-uz', v.t. to pour out all around: to send out in all directions: to scatter: to circu- late : to publish. — «. Diffus'er. [L. diffwido, difjusiis — dif [— dis), a.sunder, fuudo,- to pour out.] Diffuse, dif-us', adj., diffused: widely spread: wordy : not concise. — adv. Diffusely. — «. Dif- fuse'ness. Diffused, dif-uzd'j/^./. and adj., spread widely : loose.— ac/z'. Diffus'edly.— «. Diffus'edness. Diffusible, dif-uz'i-bl, adj. that raayhs diffused.— n. Diffusibil'ity. [abroad : extension. Diffusion, difu'zhun, «. a spreading or scattering Diffusive, dif-us'iv, adj. extending : spreading widely.— ai/jy. Diffus'ively.— «. Diffus'iveness. Dig, dig, v.i. to turn up the earth : to cultivate with a spade : — pr.p. digg'ing ; pa.t. and pa.p. dug, [B.) digged'.— «. Digg'er. [A.S. dician —die, a ditch. See Dike, Ditch.] Digastric, dl-gas'trik, adj., double-bellied, or fleshy at each end, applied to one of the muscles of the lower jaw. [Gr. di, dovibXe, gaster, the belly.] Digest, di-jest', v.t. to dissolve food in the stomach : to soften by heat and moisture : to distribute and arrange : to prepare or classify in the mind: to think over. — v.i. to be dissolved in the stomach : to be softened by heat and moisture. — n. Dlgest'er. [L. digero, digestus, to carry asunder, or dissolve — di (= dis), astin- der, and gero, to bear.] Digest, dl'jest, n. a body of laws collected and arranged, esp. the Justinian code of civil laws. [L. digesta, neut. pi. of digestus, pa.p. of digero, to carry apart, to arrange.] Digestible, di-jest'i-bl, adj. that may be digested. —n. Digestibil'ity. Digestion, di-jest'yun, n. the dissolvitig of the food in the stomach : orderly arrangement : ex- posing to slow heat, &c. [L. digestio.'\ Digestive, di-jest'iv, adj. promoting digestion. Dight, dit, adj. disposed, adorned. [A.S. dihtan, to arrange, prescribe, from L. dictare, to dictate, whence Ger. dichten, to write poetry.] Digit, dij'it, «. [lit.) 3. finger: a finger's breadth Dilatory or S inch : from the habit of counting on the fingers, any one of the nine figures : the twelfth part of the diameter of the sun or moon. [L. digitus, a finger or toe, akin to Gr. daktylos ; ace. to Curtius, from the root dek, seen in Gr. dec/ioiiiai, to receive.] Digital, dij'it-al, adj. pertaining to the fingers. [L. digitalis — digitus.} Digitate, diji-tat, Digitated, dij'i-tat-ed, adj. consisting of several fnger-like sections. — 71. Digita'tion. [L. digitatus, having fingers — digitus. ) Digitigrade, dij'i-ti-grad, adj., walking on the toes. — «. an animal that walks on its toes, as the lion. [L. digitus, a.nd gradior, to step, to walk.] Dignified, dig'ni-fid, adj. marked with dignity: exalted : noble : grave. Dignify, dig'ni-fl, v.t. to invest with honour: to exalt: — pr.p. dig'mfymg ; pa.p. dignified. [Low L. dignifico — dignus, worthy , yac/£>, to make.] Dignitary, dig'ni-tar-i, 71. one in a dignified -poA- tion : one who holds an ecclesiastical rank above a priest or canon. [Fr. dignitaire — L. dignitas.] Dignity, dig'ni-ti, n. the state of being worthy or dignified: elevation of mind or character: grandeur of mien : elevation in rank, place, &c. : degree of excellence : preferment : high office. [Fr. dignite — L. dignitas — dignus, worthy ; akin to Decent, Decorous.] Digraph, dl'graf, «. two letters expressing but one sound, as /A \n digraph. [Gr. di, twice, graplie, a mark, a character — grapho, to write.] Digress, di-gres', v.i. to step aside or go from the main subject : to introduce irrelevant matter. [L. digredior, digressus — di, aside, gradior, to step. See Grade.] Digression, di-gresh'un, n. a going from the main point : a part of a discourse not upon the main subject. Digressional, di-gresh'un-al. Digressive, di- gres'iv, adj. departing from the main subject. — adv. Digress'ively. Dike, dik, «. a trench or the earth dug out and thrown up : a ditch : a mound raised to prevent inundation : (geol.) a wall-like mass of igneous rock in the fissures of stratified rocks. — v.t. to surround with a dike or bank. [A.S. die ; Dut. dijh, Ger. teich, a pond ; Gr. teichos, a wall or rampart ; akin to Dough. See Dig ; also Ditch.] Dilacerate, di-las'er-at, v.t. to rend or tear asun- der.— n. Dilac'eration. {L.—di, asunder, and Lacerate.] Dilapidate, di-lap'i-dat, v.t. to pull stone from stone : to lay waste : to suflFer to go to ruin. — «. Dilap'idator. [L. dilapido — di, asunder, lapis, lapidis, a stone.] Dilapidation, di-lap-i-da'shun, n. the state of ruin : impairing of church property by an in- cumbent Dilatable, di-lat'a-bl, adj. that may be dilated or expanded.— «. Dilatahil'ity. Dilatation, ail-a-ta'shun. Dilation, di-la'shun, n. expansion. Dilate, di-lat', v.t. to spread out in all directions : to enlarge : the opp. of Contract. — v.i. to widen : to swell out : to speak at length. — «. Dilat'er. [L. dilatus (used as pa.p. oi differo), from di (= dis, apart), and latus = tlatus (Gr. tletos, borne, suffered), from root of tollo. See Tolerate.] Dilatory, dil'a-tor-i, adj. slow : given to procraS' tination : loitering : tending to delay. — adv. fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; m6te ; mCte ; mSOn : than. 126 Dilemma Dll'atorlly.— «. DU'atorlness. (L. dilatorius, cxteiRlinj; or i)iittiiig off (time). See Dilate.] Dilemma, di-lcm'a, «. an argument in which the opponent is caught lietween tivo difficulties : a state of matters in which it is difficult to deter- mine what course to pursue. fL. — Gr. diliiitma — (//, twicK, double, lemma, anything received — uimbiiiio, to take, to seize.] Dilettante, dil-et-an'te, «. one who loves the fine arts, but in a superfici;d way and without serious purpose:—//. Dilettan'ti (-tei.— «. Dilettan'- teism. [It., pr.p. oi ciilettarc, to take delight in — I^. dclectarc, to delight.] Diligence, dil'i-jens, u. steady application: in- dustry : a French stage-coach. Diligent, dil'i-jent, adj. steady and earnest in application: industrious. — adv. Dil'igently. [Fr. — pr.p. of L. diligo, to choose, to love.] Dill, dil, n. a plant, the seeds of which are used in medicine. [A.S. dile; Ger. and Sw. dill.'\ Diluent, dil'u-ent, adj., diluting. — ?/. that which dilutes. Dilute, di-lut', v.t. to make thinner or more liquid : to diminish the strength, flavour, &c. of, by mi.xing, esp. with water. — adj. diminished in strength by mi.xing with water. — ?i.DilU'tion. [L. diluo, dilutus — di, away from, liw, to wash.] Diluvial, di-luVi-al, Diluvian, di-luVi-an, adj. pertaining to ajlood, esp. that in the time of Noah : caused by a deluge. DilUVialiSt, di-lu'vi-al-ist, n. one who explains geological phenomena by The Flood. Diluvium, di-lu'vi-um, ti. an inundation or flood : {geol.) a deposit of sand, gravel, &c. made by the former action of the sea. [L. diluvium — diliw. See Deluge. ] Dim, dim, adj. not bright or distinct : obscure : mysterious : not seeing clearly. — adj. Dimm'isll, somewhat &m.—adv. Dimly.— «. Dim'ness. [A.S. dim : akin to Ice. dimiiir, dark, and Ger. ddmmerujig, twilight.] Dim, dim, v.t. to make dark: to obscure: — pr-p- dimm'ing ; f'a.J>. dimmed'. Dime, dim, «. the tenth part of an American dollar. [Fr. , orig. disme, from L. deciina {pars, a part, being understood), a tenth part.] Dimension, di-men'shun, n. usually in //., mea- sure in length, breadth, and thickness : extent : size. [Fr. — L. di7nensio — dimetior, dimensus — di (= dis), apart, jnetior, to measure.] Dimeter, dim'e-ter, adj. containing tivo metres or jneasures. — n. a verse of two measures. [L. — Gr. diinetros — di, twice, }netron, a measure.] Diminish, di-min'ish, v.t. to make less: to take a part from : to degrade. — v.i, to grow or appear less : to subside. —a,^'. Dimln'ishable. [Coined from L. di (=dis), apart, and E. Minlsi.] Diminuendo, di-min-u-en'do, adv. (lit.) to be diminislied : (jnus.) a direction to let the sound die away, marked thus >-. [It. — L. diminx- endus, fut. p. pass, of ditniniio, diminutus, to lessen.] Diminution, dim-i-nu'shun, «. a lessening: de- gradation. Diminutive, di-min'u-tiv, adj. of a diminislied size : small : contracted. — n. [gram.) a word formed from aiiother to express a little one of the kind.— rtife. Dimin'utively.— «. Dimin'u- tiveness. Dimissory, dim'is-or-i or di-mis'-, adj., sending away or giving leave to depart to another juris- diction. [L. dimissorius — dimitto, dimissiis.] Dimity, dim'i-ti, «. a kind of stout white cotton cloth, striped or figured in the loom by weaving Dip with tii'o threads. ['J'lirough the L., from Gr. dimitos~di, twice, jnitos, a thread.] Dimorphism, dl-morTizm, n. (Itot.) a state in which two forms of flower are produced by the same species : the property of crystallising in tmo forms. [Gr. di, twice, morplie, form.] Dimorphous, dl-mor'fus, adj. having the property of diiiiorphism. Dimple, dun'pl, «. a small holloiu: a small natu- ral depression on the face. — v.i. to form dimples. — v.t. to mark with dimples. [Dim. ol dip, with inserted m. Another dim. is Dapple.] Dimply, dun'pli, adj. full oi dimples. Din, din, 71. a loud continued noise. — -v.t. to strike with a continued or confused noise : to annoy with clamour: — pr.p. dinn'ing ; pa. p. dinned'. [A.S. dyne ; akin to Ice. dynr, noise.] Dine, din, v.i. to take dinner. — v.t. to give a dinner to. [O. Fr. disner ( Fr. diner) — Low L. disnarc : perh. from dccxnare — L. de, intensive, and coeno, to dine.] Ding, ding, v.t. to throw or dash violetitly : to urge or enforce. — v.i. to ring or sound. [E. ; cf. Scot, dijig. Ice. dengja, to hammer, Sw. diinga, to bang.] Dingdong, ding'dong, «. the sound of bells ring- ing : monotony : sameness. Dingle, ding'gl, n. a little hollow: a narrow hollow between hills (= diiid'le or dimple, a little dip or depression). [See Dimple and Dip.] Dingle-dangle, ding'gl-dang'gl, adv. hanging loose : swinging backwards and forwards. [See under Dangle.] Dingo, ding'go, «. the native dog of Australia. Dingy, din'ji, adj. of a dim or dark colour: dull: soiled. — «. Dinginess. [Ace. to Skeat = dungy, i.e. dirty.] Dinner, din'er, «. the chief meal of the day : a feast. [O. Fr. disner. See Dine.] Dinornis, dl-nor'nis, «. a genus of large extinct birds, the bones of which are found in New Zealand. [Gr. deinos, terrible, and ornis, a bird.] Dinotherium, dl-n -;!ie'ri-um, }i. an extinct ani- mal of huge size, viit I elephant-like tusks. [Gr. deinos, terrible, and therion, a beast.] Dint, dint, «. [prig.) a blow or stroke: thfe mark left by a blow: force, power. [A.S. dynt, a blow ; Scot, dunt, a blow with a dull sound, Ice. dyntr.] Diocesan, dl-os'es-an or di'o-se-san, adj. pertaining to a diocese. — «. a bishop as regards his diocese. Diocese, dl'6-ses, «. the circuit or extent of s bishop's jurisdiction. [Gr. dioikesis — dioikeo, to keep house — di, for dia, sig. completeness, oikeo, to manage a household — oikos, a house.] Dioecious, dl-esh'i-us, adj. (hot.) having male flowers on one plant, and female on another. [Gr. di, twice, and oikos, a house.] Dioptric, dl-op'trik. Dioptrical, dl-op'trik-al, adj. pertaining to dioptrics. [Gr. — di, through, and root op-, which appears in opsomai, fut. of horao, to see.] Dioptrics, dl-op'triks, n.pl. the science of the pro- perties of light in passing through different mediums. Diorama, dl-o-ra'ma, n. an exhibition of pictures, illuminated, and viewed through an opening in the wall of a darkened chamber. — adj. DiO- ram'ic. [Gr. di, through, h^orao, to see.] Dip, dip, v.t. to dive or plunge into any liquid for a moment. — v.i. to sink: to enter slightly: to look cursorily : to incline downwards : — pr.p. dipp'ing ; pa.p. dipped'. — «. inclination down- wards : a sloping. [A.S. dyppatt; D.\n. dyppe: 126 f^te, far : me, her ; mine ; mOte ; mate ; moOn ; Men. Dipchlck Ger. tnufen, to immerse ; related to Deep and Dive] Dipchick. dip'chik, n. Same as Dabchlck. DipetalOUS, dl-pet'a-lus, adj. having two petals. [Gr. (//, twice, and PetalJ Diphtheria, dif-the'ri-a, n. a throat disease in which the air-passages become covered with a leather-like membrane. — adj. Diphtherit'iC. [Gr. diplithcra, leather.] Diphthong, dif'thong or dip'thong, «., tivo vowel- sounds pronounced as one syllable. [BV. diph- tlwngiie — Gr. diphthoiigos, with two sounds — Gr. di, VfiKS, />htho7i!;os, a sound.] Diphthongal, dif-thong'gal or dip-thong'gal, adj. relating to a diphthong. — adz'. Diphthong'ally. Diploma, di-plo'ma, «. a writing conferring some honour or privilege. [L. diploma, from Gr. diploma, a letter folded double — diploos, double.] Diplomacy, di-plo'ma-si, n. the art of negotiation, esp. of treaties between states : political skill. Diplomat, di-plO'mat, «. a diplomatist. Diplomatic, dip-lo-mat'ik, Diplomatical, dip-ls- mat'ik-al, adj. pertaining to diplomacy: skilful in negotiation. — adzn Diplomat'ically. Diplomatic, dip-lo-mat'ik, 71. a minister at a foreign court. — ■//. the science of deciphering ancient writings, as diplomas, &c. [Fr. diplo- mat iqiie.\ [diplomacy. Diplomatist, di-plO'ma-tist, n. one skilled in Dipper, dip'er, «. a bird that finds its food by dipping or diving into streams or lakes. Dipsas, dip'sas, «. an Asiatic and American tree- snake whose bite is said to cause intense thirst. [Gr. dipsas — dipsos, thirst.] Dipsomania, dip-so-ma'ni-a, 71. an insane or irre- sistible craving for alcoholic stimulants. [Gr. dipsa, thirst, and itinnia, madness.] Dipteral, dip'ter-al. Dipterous, dip'ter-us, adj. having two -wings. [Gr. di, twice, pteroti, a wing.] Dipteran, dip'ter-an, >i. an insect having only trvo ■win^s, as the house-fly.— /A Dip'terans or Dip'tera. Diptych, dip'tik, 11. a double-folding v/riting tablet : a register of bishops, saints, &c. [Gr. diptycJios — di-, and ptysso, to fold. ] Dire, dir, adj. dreadful : calamitous in a high degree. [L. dims, perhaps akin to Gr. deido, to fear.] Direct, di-rekt', adj. quite straight : straight- fonvard : in the line of descent : outspoken : sincere. — v.t. to keep or lay quite straight: to point or aim straightly or correctly : to point out the proper course to : to guide : to order : to mark with the name and residence of a person. —adv. Directly.— «. Direct'ness. [L. dirigo, directits — di, completely, and rego, to rule, to make straight.] Direction, di-rek'shun, «. aim at a certain point : the line or course in which anything moves : guidance : command : the body of persons who guide or manage a matter : the written name and residence of a person. [ency to direct. Directive, di-rekt'iv, adj. having power or tend- Direotor, di-rekt'or, «. one who directs : a man- ager or governor : a counsellor : part of a machine or instrument which guides its motion. —fern. Direot'ress or Direot'rix. Directorate, di-rekt'or-st, Directorship, di-rekt'- or-ship, «. the office of, or a body of directors. Directorial, di-rek-to'ri-al, adj. pertaining to directors: giving direction. Directory, di-rekt'or-i, adj. containing direc- tiotis : guiding. — «. a body of directions: a Disarm guide : a book with the names and residences of the inhabitants of a place : a body of directors. Direful, dlr'fool, adj. old and poetic form. Same as Hvc&.—aiiv. Dire'fuUy.— «. Dire'fulness. Dirge, derj, 71. a funeral song or hymn. [Con- tracted from dirigc, the first word of a Latin funeral hymn, from dirigo, to direct.] Dirk, derk, «. a dagger or poniard. [Scot, durk; from the Celtic, as in Ir. duirc.\ Dirt, dert, «., du7ig, ejccrei/ie/it : any filthy sub- stance. [A.S. gedTntaii ; Ice. drit, excrement.] Dirty, dert'i, adj. defiled with dirt: foul: filtliy: mean. — v.t. to soil with dirt : to sully : — pr.p. dirtying; pa.p. dirt'ied.— a.^z/. Dirt'ily. — «. Dirtiness. _ _ _ [of leg.al qualification. Disability, dis-a-bil'i-ti, «. want of power : want Disable, dis-a'bl, v.t. to 77iake ii7ial>le : to deprive of power : to weaken : to disqualify. [L. dis, privative, and Able.] Disabuse, dis-ab-uz', v. t. to /reefro77i abuse or mistake : to undeceive : to set right. [L. dis, privative, and AbUse.] Disadvantage, dis-ad-vant'aj, «. want of advant- age : what is imfavourable to one's interest : loss : injury. [L. dis, and Advantage.] Disadvantageous, dis-ad-vant-a'jus, adj. attended with disadvantage : unfavourable. — adv. Disad- vanta'geously. Disaffect, dis-af-fekt', v.t. to take away the affec- tio7iai: to make discontented or unfriendly :^ pa. p. and adj. Disaffect'ed, ill-disposed, dis- loyal.— rt^fo. Disafifect'edly. — «. Disaffect'ed- ness. [L. dis, privative, and Affect.] Disaffection, dis-af-fek'shun, 71. state of being dis- affected: want of affection or friendliness: dis- loyalty: hostility: ill-will. Disaffirm, dis-af-ferm', v.t. to deny (what has been ajjUn/ted) : to contradict. [L. dis, negative, and Affirm] Disafforest, dis-af-for'est, v.t. to deprive of the privilege oi forest laws. [L. dis, privative, and Low L. ajforestare, to make into a forest. See Forest] Disagree, dis-a-gre', v.i. to differ or be at vari- ance : to dissent. [L. dis, negative, and Agree.] Disagreeable, dis-a-gre'a-bl, adj. not agreeable : unpleasant : offensive. — adv. Disagree'ably.^ 71. Disagree'ableness. Disagreement, dis-a-gre'ment, 71. want of agree- ment : difference : unsuitableness : dispute. Disallow, dis-al-low', v.t. not to allow: to refuse permission to: to deny the authority of: to reject. [L. dis, negative, and Allow.] Disallowable, dis-al-low'a-bl, adj. not allowable. Disallowance, dis-al-low'ans, 71. refusal to permit. Disannul, dis-an-nul', v.t. to annul completely. — 7is. Disannul'm.ent, Disannull'ing. [L. dis, in- tensive, and Annul.] Disappear, dis-ap-per', v.i. to vanish from sight. [L. dis, negative, and Appear.] Disappearance, dis-ap-per'ans, «. a ceasing to appear : removal from sight. Disappoint, dis-ap-point', v.t. to deprive one of what he e.\pected : to frustrate. [L. dis, nega- tive, and Appoint.] Disappointment, dis-ap-point'ment, 71. the defeat of one's hopes : miscarriage: frustration. Disapprobation, dis-ap-prob-a'shun, Disapproval, dis-ap-proov'al, «. censure : dislike. Disapprove, dis-ap-proDv', v.t. to give an unfav- ourable opinion of: to reject. — adzt. Disapprov'- ingly. [L. dis, negative, and Approve.] Disarm, diz-arm', v.t. to deprive of arms : to render defenceless : to quell : to render harm- fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; moon ; th^xu 127 Disarrange less. — «. Dlsarm'amont. [L. di.t, privative, ami Ann. J Disarrange, dis-arfinj', v.t. to undo the nrr.inq;e- mcnt of: to liisorder.— «. Disarrange'ment. [L. (//.r, privative, and Arrange.] Disarray, dis-a-nV, v.t. to break the array of: to throw into disorder : to strip of array or dress. — .x. want of array or order : undress. [L. dis, privative, and Array.] Disassociate, dis-as-sr/shi-at, 7>.i. to disconnect things associated. [L. dis, privative, and Asso- ciate. ] Disaster, diz-as'ter, w. an adverse or unfortunate event : a misfortune : calamity. [Fr. desastre — des (= L. dis), negative, and astre, a star, (good) fiirtune— L. astntm, a star.] Disastrous, diz-as'trus, adj., ill-starred: unpro- pitious: unfortunate. — adv. Disas'trously. Disavow, dis-a-vow', v.t. to disclaim: tn disown: to deny. [L. dis, negative, and AVOW.J Disavowal, dis-a-vow'al, n. act of disavmvin«- : rejection : denial. Disband, dis-band', zi.t. to break up a hand: to disperse. — v.i. to break up. [L. dis, privative, and Band.] DiSbandment, dis-band'ment, 71. act of disbanding. Disbar, dis-biir', v.t. to expel a barrister from the bar. [L. dis, privative, and Bar.] Disbelief, dis-be-lef, n. Wi.nt of belief. Disbelieve, dis-be-lev', v.t. to refuse belief or credit to. [L. dis, neg., and Believe.] Disbeliever, dis-be-lev'er, 71. one who disbelieves. Disburden, dis-bur'dn, Dlsburthen, dis-burV/zn, v.t. to unburden or rid of a burden: to free. [L. dis, privative, and Burden.] Disburse, dis-burs', v.t. to take from the f>icrse : to pay out. [O. Fr. deshonrse7 — des (= L. dis), a part, and bourse, a purse.] Disbursement, dis-burs'ment, n. a paying out : that which is paid out. Disc, Disk, disk, 71. the face of a round plate : the face of a celestial body. [A.S. disc — L. discus — Gr. diskos, a round plate, a quoit, from dikeiti, to cast. See Desk, Disb.] Discard, dis-kard', v.t. to throw away, as useless, said oi cards: to cast off: to discharge : to reject. [L. dis, away, and Card.] Discern, diz-ern', v.t. to distinguish clearly by the eye or understanding : to judge. [L. dis, thoroughly, and certio, to sift, perceive.] Discerner, diz-ern'er, 7i. a person or thing that discerns. Discernible, diz-ern'i-bl, adj. that may be per- ceiz'ed: distinguishable. — adv. Discem'ibly. Discernment, diz-ern'ment, n. pov/er or faculty of discriminating : judgment. Discharge, dis-charj', v.t. to free from a charge: to unload or remove the cargo : to set free : to acquit : to dismiss : to fire, as a gun : to let out or emit. — «. act of discharging : unloading : acquittance : dismissal : that which is discharged. —71. Discharg'er. [L. dis, priv., and Charge.] Disciple, dis-T'pl, ?/. a learner: one who professes to receive instruction from another : one who follows or believes in the doctrine of another : a follower.— «. Disci'pleship. [Fr.— L. discip7c- lus, from disco, to learn ; akin to doceo, to teach.] Disciplinable, dis'i-plin-a-bl, adj. capable of training or instruction. [forces rigid rule. Disciplinarian, dis-i-plin-a'ri-an, n. one who en- Disciplinary, dis'i-plin-ar-i, adj. pertaining to or intended for discipli7ie. Discipline, dis'i-plin, «., i7istruction : training, or mode of life in accordance with rules : subjcc- Dlacordant tion to control : order : severe training : mortifica- tion : punishment. — v.t. to subject to discipline : to train : to educate : to bring under control : to chastise. [L. discipli7ia, from disci/iuius.] Disclaim, dis-klfmi', 7'.t. to renounce claim to: to refuse to acknowledge : to reject. [L. dis, privative, and Claim.] [or renunciation. Disclaimer, dis-klam'er, «. a denial, disavowal. Disclose, dis-kltlz', 7'./. to unclose: to open: to lay open : to bring to light : to reveal, [L. dis, negative, and Close.] Disclosure^ dis-klO'zhur, «. act of disclosi7ig: a bringing to light or revealing : that which is dis- closed or revealed. Discoid, dis'koid, Discoidal, dis-koid'al, adj. hav ing the/orin of a disc. [Gr. diskos, and eidos, form.] Discoloration, dis-kul-er-a'shun, n. act of discol- ouri/ig: state of being discoloured : stain. Discolour, dis-kul'er, v.t. to take away colour from: to change the natural colour of : to alter the appearance of. [L. dis, priv., and ColOUl'.] Discomfit, dis-kum'fit, v.t. to disconcert, to balk : to defeat or rout : — pT'.p. discom'fiting ; pa. p. discom'fited. [O. ¥r. desco7ipit,pvL.-p. oi desco/i- Jire — L. dis, sig. the opposite, and conficio, to prepare — coii, thoroughly, /rttV^, to make.] Discomfiture, dis-kum'fit-ur, >i. frustration, defeat. Discomfort, dis-kum'furt, «. want of comfort : uneasiness: pain. — v.t. to deprive of comfort : to make uneasy : to pain : to grieve. [L. dis, privative, and Comfort.] Discommend, dis-kom-end', 7i.t. to blame. [L. dis, privative, and Commend.] Discommon, dis-kom'un, v.t. to deprive of the right of comi7ion. [L. dis, privative, and Com- mon.] Discompose, dis-kom-p5z', v.t. to deprive of com- posure : to disarrange, to disorder : to disturb. [L. dis, privative, and Compose.] Discomposure, dis-kom-po'zhur, n. disorder: agitation. Disconcert, dis-kon-sert', v.t. to deprive of har- mony or agreement : to disturb : to frustrate : to defeat. [L. dis, privative, and Concert.] Disconnect, dis-kon-ekt', v.t. to separate or dis- join. — 71. Disconnec'tion. [L. dis, privative, and Connect.] Disconsolate, dis-kon'so-lat, adj. without consola- tion or comfort : hopeless : sad. — adv. Discon'- solately. — 7i. Discon'solateness. [L. a'/.f, priv- ative, and co7isolor, co7isolatus, to console.] Discontent, dis-kon-tent', adj. not content : dis- satisfied : uneasy. — «. want of content : dissati.s- faction : uneasiness. — z'.t. to deprive of content : to make uneasy. [L. dis, neg., and Content.] Discontented, dis-kon-tent'ed, adj. discontent. — adv. Discontent'edly. — «. Discontent'edness. Discontentment, dis-kon-tent'ment, 71. the opp. of contentment : uneasiness. Discontinuance, dis-kon-tin'u-ans, Discontinua- tion, dis-kon-tin-u-a'shun, n. a breaking off or ceasing. ] Discontinue, dis-kon-tin'u, v.t. to cease to con- tinue : to put an end to : to leave off; to stop. — v.i. to cease: to be separated from. [L. dis, negative, and Continue.] Discord, dis'kord, «. opp. of concord : disagree- ment, strife : difference or contrariety of quali- ties: a union of inharmonious sounds. [L. dis, apart, and cor, cordis, the heart.] Discordance, dis-kord'ans. Discordancy, dis- kord'an-si, «. disagreement. DiSCOl'dant, dis-kord'ant, adj. without concord or 12S fate, far ; me, h«r ; mine ; mSte ; mute ; moon ; Men, Discount Agreement : inconsistent : jarring. — adv. DlS- cord'antly. Discount, dis'kownt, n. a sum taken from the count or reckoning : a sum returned to the payer of an account : a deduction made for interest in advancing money on a bill. [L. dis, privative, and Count.] Discount, dis-kownt', v.t. to allow discount : to advance money on, deducting discount. — v.i. to practise discoimti-ig. [discounted. Discountable, dis-kownt'a-bl, adj. that may be Discountenance, dis-kown'ten-ans, V. t. to put out of countenance : to abash : to refuse counten- ance or support to : to discourage. — u. cold treatment : disapprobation. [L. dis, privative, and Countenance.] Discourage, dis-kur'aj, v.t. to t.ake away the courage of: to dishearten : to seek to check by shewing disfavour to. [L. dis, privative, and Courage.] Discouragement, dis-kur aj-ment, «. act of dis- couraging : that which discourages : dejection. Discourse, dis-kOrs', 11. speech or language gener- ally : conversation: a treatise: a sermon. — v.i. to talk or converse : to reason : to treat for- mally. — v.t. to utter or give forth. [Fr. discours — L. discursiis — dis, to and fro, ciirro, to run.] Discourteous, dis-kurt'yus, adj. wanting in good manners : uncivil : rude. — adv. DiSCOUrt'eously. —n. DiSCOUrt'eOUSneSS. [L. dis, negative, and Courteous.] [incivility. Discourtesy, dis-kurt'e-si, n. want of courtesy : DiSCOUS, disk'us, adj., disc-like : broad : flat. Discover, dis-kuv'er, z'.t. to uncover: to lay open or e-xpose : to make known : to find out : to espy. — «. Discov'erer. [L. dis, negative, and Cover.] [found out. Discoverable, dis-kuv'er-a-bl, adj. that may be Discovery, dis-kuv'er-i, «. act of finding out : the thing discovered : revelation. Discredit, dis-kred'it, «. want of credit: bad credit : ill repute : disgrace. — v.t. to refuse credit to, or belief in : to deprive of credibility : to deprive of credit: to disgrace. [L. dis, privative, and Credit.] Discreditable, dis-kred'it-a-bl, adj. not credit- able : disgraceful.— ^(/z'. Discreditably. Discreet, dis-kret', atij. having discertnnent : wary: circumspect : prudent. — adv. TiiSCVeetly. — «. Discreet'ness. [L. discretus — discemo, to separate, to perceive. See Discern.] Discrepance, dis'krep-ans or dis-krep'ans. Dis- crepancy, dislcrep-an-si or dis-krep'an-si, «. disagreement. Discrepant, dis'krep-ant or dis-krep'ant, adj. dis- agreeing : different. [L. dis, different, and crepans, pr.p. of crepo, to sound.] Discrete, dis-kret' or dis'kret, adj., separate: distinct : disjunctive : — opp. of concrete. [A doublet of Discreet.] Discretion, dis-kresh'un, n. quality of being dis- creet : prudence : liberty to act at pleasure. Discretional, dis-kresh'un-al, Discretionary, dis- kresli'un-ar-i, adj. left to discretion : unre- strained. — advs. Discre'tionally, Discre'tion- arily. [junctive.— a^^z'. Discret'ively. Discretive, dis-kret'iv, adj., separating: dis- Discriminate, dis-krim'i-nat, v.t. to note the dif- ference : to distinguish : to select from others. — v.i. to make a difference or distinction : to dis- tinguish. —arfw. Discrim'inately. [L. discri- mino — discriineti, discriminis, that which separ- ates, from root of Discem.] Discrimination, dis-krim-i-nfi'shun, «. act or Disengagement quality of distinguishing : acutencss, discern- ment, judgment. Discriminative, dis-krim'i-na-tiv, adj. that marks a difference : characteristic : observing distinc- tions.— ^d'z/. Discrlm'inatively. Discrown, dis-krown', v.t. to deprive of a crown. [L. dis, privative, and Crown.] Discursion, dis-kur'shun, «. desultory talk : act of discoursing or reasoning. Discursive, dis-kur'siv, adj., runtdng from one thing to another : roving, desultory : proceeding regularly from premises to conclusion. — adv. Discur'sively. [See Discourse.] Discuss, dis-kus', v.t. to break up or disperse: to e.xamine in detail, or by disputation : to de- bate : to sift. [L. discutio, discussus — disf asunder, and qiiatio, to shake.] Discussion, diskush'un, «. debate: (surg.) disper- sion of a tumour. DiSCUSSive, dis-kus'iv, DiSCUtient, dis-ku'shi-ent, adj. able or tending to discuss or disperse tumours. Disdain, dis-dan', V. t. to think unworthy : to reject as unworthy or unsuitable : to scorn. — H. a feeling of scorn or aversion : haughtiness. [O. Fr. desdaigner — L. dedignor — de, privative, and digiitis, worthy.] Disdainful, dis-dan'fool, adj. full of disdain: haughty : scornful.— o^iv. Disdain'fully. — «. Disdain'fulness. Disease, diz-ez', n. [lit.) mant of ease, hence pain: disorder or want of health in mind or body : ailment : cause of pain. [L. dis, privative, and Ease.] [Diseas'edness. Diseased, diz-ezd', adj. affected with disease. — n. Disedge, dis-ej', v.t. (Shak.) to deprive of the edge : to blunt : to dull. [L. dis, privative, and Edge.] Disembark, dis-em-biirk', v.t. to land what has been embarked : to take out of a ship : to land. —v.i. to quit a ship : to land. [L. dis, privative, and Embark.] Disembarkation, dis-em-bar-ka'shun, Disem- barkment, dis-em-bark'ment, n. a landing from a ship. Disembarrass, dis-em-bar'as, v.t. to free from embarrassment or perplexity. [L. dis, privative, and Embarrass.] Disembody, dis-em-bod'i, v.t. to take away from or out of the body : to discharge from military service or array. [L. dis, priv., and Embody.] Disembogue, dis-em-bog', v.t. to discharge at the jnouth as a stream. — n. Disembogue'ment. [Sp. desembocar — L. dis, asiuider. and bucca, a cheek, the mouth.] Disembowel, dis-em-bow'el, v.t. to take out the bowels. [L. dis, intensive, and EmboweL] Disembroil, dis-em-broil', v.t. to free from broil or confusion. [L. dis, priv., and Embroil.] Disenchant, disenchant', v.t. to free from en- chantment.— «. Disencbant'ment. [L. dis, privative, and Enchant.] Disencumber, dis-en-kum'ber, v.t. to free from encumbrance : to disburden. — )i. Disencum'- brance. [L. dis, privative, and Encumber,] Disendow, dis-en-dow', v.t. to take away the en- dowment oi.—n. Disendow'ment. [L. dis, privative, and Endow.] Disengage, dis-en-gaj', v.t. to separate or free from being engaged : to separate : to set free : to release. [L. dis, privative, and Engage.] Disengagement, dis en-gaj'ment, «. act of dis- engaging : state of being disengaged : release ; leisure. fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; moon ; tlvsa. 129 Disennoble Dislike Dlsennoble, dis-cn-nO'bl, v.t. to deprive of what enniililcs : to degrade. [L. dis, priv., and Ennoble.] Disentangle, dis-en-tang'gl, v.i. to free from en- tanglement or disorder : to unravel : to disen- gage or set free. — «. Disentanglement. [L. (hs, privative, and Entangle.] Disenthral. Same as Disintbral. Disenthrone, dis-en-thrun', v.t. to dethrone, [L. (j/.v, privative, and Enthrone.] Disentitle, dis-en-tl'tl, 71. t. to deprive of title. [L. t/is, privative, and Entitle.] Disentomb, dis-en-toom', 7'.t. to take out from a tdnib. [L. dis, privative, and Entomb.] Disentrance, dis-en-trans', v.t. to awaken from a trance or deep sleep : to arouse from a reverie. [L. dis, privative, and Entrance.] Disestablish, dis-es-tab'lish, v.t. to take away what has been estabhshed or settled, esp. ap- plied to the church as established by law. — «. Disestablishment. [L. dis, privative, and Establish.] Disesteem, dis-es-tem', «. want of esteem : dis- regard. — v.t. to disapprove : to dislike. — n. Dis- estima'tion. [L. dis, privative, and Esteem] Disfavour, dis-fa'vur, «. want of favour : dis- pleasure : dislike. — v.t. to withhold favour from : to disapprove. [L. dis, privative, and Favour.] Disfigui;3.tion, dis-fig-Qr-a'shun, Disfigurement, dis-flg'ur-ment, «. defacement of beauty. Disfigure, dis-fig'ur, v.t. to spoil the figure of: to change to a worse form : to spoil the beauty of: to deform. [L. dis, privative, and Figure.] Disfranchise, dis-fran'chiz, v.t. to deprive of a franchise, or of rights and privileges, esp. that of voting for a M.P.— «. Disfranchisement, dis- fran'chiz-ment. [L. dis, priv., and Franchise.] Disgorge, dis-gorj', v.t. to discharge from the gorge or throat : to vomit : to throw out with violence : to give up what has been seized. — «. Disgorge'ment. [L. dis, negative, and Gorge.] Disgrace, dis-gras', «. state of being out ol grace or favour, or of being dishonoured : cause of shame : dishonour. — v.t. to put out of favour : to bring disgrace or shame upon. [L. dis, privative, and Grace.] Disgraceful, dis-gras'fool, adj. bringing disgrace : causing shame: dishonourable.— rt^/z/.DiSgrace'- fully.— ?i. Disgraoe'fulness. Disguise, dis-glz', v.t. to change the guise or appearance of: to conceal by a dress intended to deceive, or by a counterfeit manner and ap- pearance. — «. a dress intended to conceal the wearer: a false appearance. — ns. Disguis'er, Disguise'ment. [L. dis. privative, and Guise.] Disgust, diz-gust' or dis-, «. loathing : strong dis- hke. — v.t. to e.\cite disgust in : to offend the taste of: to displease. [O. Fr. desgouster — des (= L. dis), and goiist = L. gustits, taste.] Disgusting, diz-gust'ing or dis-, Disgustful, diz- gust'fool, adj. causing disgust : loathsome : hateful.— rtrfo. Disgustingly. Dish, dish, n. a plate : a vessel in which food is served : the food in a dish : a particular kind of food.— 7'.^ to put in a dish, for table. [A.S. disc, a plate, a dish, a table — L. discus. Doublets, Disc and Desk.] Dishabille, dis-a-bil'. Same as Deshabille. Dishearten, dis-hart'n, v.t. to deprive of heart, courage, or spirits : to discourage : to depress. [L. dis, privative, and Heart.] Dishevel, di-shev'el, v.t. to disorder the hair: to cause the hair to hang loose. — v.i. to spread in disorder : — pr.p. dishev'elling ;/>a.p. dishevelled. zi.t. to free from infection. [L. dis, privative, and anything that O. Fr. descheveler — des, and cfievel, hair — L. dis, in different directions, capillus, the hair.] Dishonest, diz-on'est, adj. not honest : wanting integrity ; disposed to cheat : insincere.— rtifo. Dishon'estly. [L. dis, negative, and Honest.] Dishonesty, diz-on'es-ti, n. want of honesty or integrity : faithlessness : a disposition to cheat. Dishonour, diz-on'ur, «. want of honour : dis- grace : shame : reproach. — v.t. to deprive of honour : to disgrace : to cause shame to : to seduce : to degrade : to refuse the payment of, as a bill.—;;. Dishon'ourer. [L. dis, privative, and Honour.] Dishonourable, diz-on'ur-abl, adj. having no sense of honour : disgraceful. — adv. Dishon'- ourably. [inclination : unwillingness. Disinclination, dis-in-kli-nS'shun, n. want of Disincline, dis-in-klTn', v.t. to turn away iticlina- tioH from : to e.xcite the dislike or aversion of. [L. dis, priv., and Incline.] [averse. Disinclined, dis-in-kllnd', adj. not inclined : Disincorporate, dis-in-kor'por-at, v.t. to deprive of corporate rights. [L. dis, privative, and In- corporate.] Disinfect, dis-in-fekt', — n. Disinfec'tion. Infect. ] Disinfectant, dis-in-fekt'ant, n. destroys the causes of infection. Disingenuous, dis-in-jen'u-us, adj. not ingenu- ous : not frank or open : crafty, —adv. Disin- gen'uously.— «. Disingen'uousness. [L. dis, negative, and Ingenuous.] Disinherit, dis-in-her'it, 7).t. to cut off from here- ditary rights : to deprive of an inheritance. — «. Disinheritance. [L. dis, privative, and Inherit. ] Disintegrate, dis-in'te-grat or diz", v.t. to separ- ate into integrant parts. — adj. Disin'tegrable. —n. Disintegra'tion. [L. dis, negative, and Integrate.] Disinter, dis-in-ter', v.t. to take out of a grave : to bring from obscurity into view. — «. Disinter'- ment. [L. dis, negative, and Inter.] Disinterested, dis-in'ter-est-ed, adj. not inter- ested or influenced by private feelings or con- siderations : impartial. — ad?/. Disin'terestedly. ~n. DiSin'terestedness. [L. dis, negative, and Interested.] Disinthral, dis-in-thrawl', v.t. to set free from thraldom or oppression. [L. dis, negative, and Inthral.] Disjoin, dis-join' or diz-, 2i.t. to separate what has been joined. [L. dis, negative, and Join.] Disjoint, dis-joint', v.t. to put out of joint : to separate united parts : to break the natural order or relations of things : to make incoherent. — «. Disjoint 'edness. Disjunct, dis-jungkt'. adj., disjoined. [L. dis- junct ns, pa. p. of disJHUgo — dis, negative, and jungn, to join.] Disjunction, dis-junk'shun, k. the act of disjoin- ing: disunion: separation. Disjunctive, dis-jungkt'iv, adj., disjoining: tend- ing to separate: (gram.) uniting sentences but disjoining the sense, or rather, marking an ad- verse sense. — n. a word which disjoins. — adv. Disjunctively. [L. disjunctivus.\ Disk. Same as DiSC. Dislike, dis-llk', v.t. to be displeased with: to disapprove of : to have an aversion to.^ — n. dis- inclination : aversion : distaste : disapproval. [L. dis, negative, and Like ; the genuine Eng. word is Mislike.j 130 fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; mSon ; ^Aen. Dislocate Dislocate, dis'lC-kfit, v.t. to displace: to put out of joint. [L. dis, negative, and Locate.] Dislocation, dis-lO-ka'.shun, n. a dislocated joint : displacement : (geol.) a ' fault,' or displacement of stratified rocks. Dislodge, dis-loj', v.t. to drive from a lodgment or place of rest : to drive from a place of hiding or of defence. — v.i. to go away. — «. Dislodg'- ment. [L. dis, privative, and Lodge.J Disloyal, dis-lo>;'ai, adj. not loyal: false to one's sovereign : faithless : treacherous. — adv. Dis- loy'ally.— «. Disloy'alty. [L. dis, negative, and Loyal. ] Dismal, diz'mal, adj. gloomy : dreary : sorrowful : lull of horror. —«tso, intensive oi pendo, to weigh.] Dispeople, dis-pe'pl, v.t. to empty of people or in- habitants. [L. dis, privative, and People.] DispermoUS, dl-sperm'us, adj. having only two seeds. [Gr. di, twofold, sperjna, a seed.] Disperse, dis-pers', v.t. to scatter in all direc- tions : to spread : to diffuse : to drive asunder : to cause to vanish. — v.i. to separate : to vanish. — n. Dispers'er. [L. dispergo, dispersus — di, asunder, apart, spargo, to scatter.] Dispersion, dis-per'shun, n. a scattering : [tned.) the removal of inflammation : (optics) the separa- tion of light into its different rays. Dispersive, dis-pers'iv, adj. tending to disperse. Dispirit, dis-pir'it, v.t. to dishearten : to discour- age. [L. dis, privative, and Spirit.] Displace, dis-plas', v.t. to put out of place : to disarrange : to remove from a state, office, or dignity.— «. Displacement, the quantity of water displaced by a ship afloat, and whose weight equals that of the displacing body. [O. Fr. desplacer — L. dis, privative, and Place.] Displant, dis-plant', v.t. to remove anything from where it has been planted or placed : to drive from an abode. [L. dis, privative, and Plant.] fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; moDn : Men. 13X Display Display, dis-pla', v.i. to unfold or spread out : to exhibit : to set out ostentatiously. — n. a display- ing or unfoliliiisj : exhibition: ostentatious show. — «. Dlsplay'er. [(). Fr. desfiloycr-'des {= L. dis), negative, and pl<>ycr, same as plii-y- \,. plico, to fold. Doublet, Deploy. See Ply.J Displease, dis-plez', v.i. to olTend: to make angry in a slight degree : to be disagreeable to. — z>.i, to raise aversion. [L. dis, negative, and Please.] Displeasure, dis-plezh'ur, «. the feeling of one who is offended : anger : cause of irritation. Displume, dis-plGum', v.i. to deprive of />i:ii>!es or feathers. [L. dis, privative, and Plume.] Dispone, dis-pOn', v.t. [law) to make over to an- other : to convey legally. [L. disfiono, to arrange.) Disport, dis-pOrt', v.i. to divert, amuse, enjoy one's self: to move in gaiety. — v.t. to amuse. LO. Fr. desporter (with se), to carry one's self away from one's work, to amuse one's self, from des (= L. dis], and porter — L. portare, to carry, as it were from serious matters. See Sport.] Disposable, dis-pOz'a-bl, adj. free to be used : not already engaged. [See Dispose.] Disposal, dis-poz'al, n. the act of disposing: order : arrangement : management : right of bestowing. Dispose, dis-poz', V. i. to arrange : to distribute : to apply to a particular purpose : to bestow : to incline. — To dlspose Of, to apply to any pur- pose : to part with : to place in any condition. — n. Dispos'er. [Fr. disposer — L. dis, asunder, and Fr. poser, to place; See Pose, «.] Disposition, dis-po-zish'un, «. arrangement : natu- ral tendency : temper : [New Test.) ministry, ministration : [Scots laiv) a giving over to another = (English) conveyance or assignment. [Fr. — L., from dis, a.pa.rt, pono, to place.] Dispossess, dis-poz-zes', v.t. to put out of posses- sion. [L. dis, privative, and Possess.] Dispraise, dis-praz', «. blame : reproach : dis- honour. — v.t. to blame : to censure. [L. dis, negative, and Praise.] Dispread, dis-pred', v.t. to spread in different ways. — v.i. to spread out: to expand. \Xi. dis, asunder, and Spread.] Disproof, dis-proof, «. a disproving: refutation. Disproportion, dis-pro-por'shun, n. want oi pro- portion, symmetry, or suitableness of parts : in- equality. — v.t. to make unsuitable in form or size, &c. [L. dis, privative, and Proportion.] Disproportionable, dis-pro-por'shun-a-bl, Dispro- portional, dis-pro-pSr'shun-al, adj. not having proportion or symmetry of parts : unsuitable : unequal.— a(/z/j. Dispropor'tionably, Dispro- por'tionally. Disproportionate, dis-pro-por'shun-at, adj. not proportioned: unsymmetrical : unsuitable to something else in some respect. — adv. Dispro- por'tionately.— «. Dispropor'tionateness. Disprove, dis-prSov', v.t. to pro7'e to he false : to refute. [L. dis, negative, and Prove] Disputable, dis'pu-ta-bl, adj. that may be dis- puted: of doubtful certainty adv. Dls'put- ably.— «. Dis'putableness. Disputant, dis'pu-tant, Dlsputer, dis-puter, n. one who disputes or argues : one given to dis- pute, [ment : an e.xercise in debate. Disputation, dis-pu-ta'shun, n. a contest in argu- Disputatious, dis-pu-ta'shus, Disputative, dis- put'a-tiv, adj. inclined to dispute, cavil, or con- trovert. — adv. Disputa'tiously.— «. Disputa'- tiousness. Dispute, dis-put', v.t. to make a subject of argu- ment : to contend for : to oppose by argument : Disseminate to call in question. — v.i. to argue : to debate. — K. a contest with words : an argument : a debate. [Fr. disputes — L. disputare — dis, apart, and p/tto, to think.] Disqualify, dis-kwol'i-fl, v.t. to deprive of the oualities necessary for any purpose: to make unfit : to disable.— 7«. Disqualifica'tion. [L. dis. privative, and Qualify.] Disquiet, dis-kwl'et, n. want oi quiet: uneasiness, restlessness: anxiety. — v.t. to render unquiet: to make uneasy : to disturb. [L. dis, privative, and Quiet.] Disquietude, dis-kwl'et-nd, «. state of disquiet. Disquisition, dis-kwi-zish'un, n. a careful and formal inquiry into any matter by arguments, &c. : an elaborate essay. —ig asunder or bursting open with elastic force. — k. DiSSil'- ience. [L. dissiliens, -entis — dis, asunder, salio, to leap.] Dissimilar, dis-sim'i-lar, adj. not similar : un- like in any respect : of different sorts. — adv. Dissimilarly. [L. dis, negative, and Similar.] Dissimilarity, dis-sim-i-lar'i-ti, Dissimilitude, dis-si-mil'i-tijd, «., unlikeness : want of resem- blance. Dissimulation, dis-sim-u-la'shun, n. the act of dissetnbling: a hiding under a false appear- ance : false pretension : hypocrisy. Dissipate, disi-pat, v. t. to throw apart or spread abroad : to scatter : to squander : to waste. — v.i. to separate and disappear : to waste away. [L, dissipo, -atus — dis, asunder, and obs. supo, which appears in insipr, to throw into.] Dissipation, di.s-i-pa'shun, n. dispersion : state of being dispersed : scattered attention : a dis- solute course of life. Dissociate, dis-so'shi-at, v.t. to separate from a society or company : to disunite. — n. DiSSO'cia- tion. [L. dis, asunder, and socio, to unite. See Social.] Dissoluble, dis'ol-u-bl, adj., dissolvable. — h. Dls- solubil'ity, cap.tcity of being dissolved. Dissolute, dis'ol-ut, adj., loose, esp. in morals : lewd : licentious.— rti/iv. Diss'olutely. — «. DiSS'- oluteness. [See Dissolve.] Dissolution, dis-ol-fl'shun, n. the breaking up of an assembly : change from a solid to a liquid state : a melting : separation of a body into its original elements : decomposition : destr .ction : death. [dissolved or melted. Dissolvable, diz-zolv'a-bl, adj. capable of being Dissolve, diz-zolv', v.t. to loose asimder: to separ- ate or break up : to melt : to destroy. — 7>.i. to break up : to waste away ; to crumble : to melt. [L. dis, asunder, and solvo, soltitus, to loose. ] Dissolvent, diz-zolv'ent, adj. having power to diS' solve or melt. — «. that which can dissolve or melt. Wj., 'px.\). o^ dissolvo. See DiSSOlve.] Dissonance, dis'o-nans, «., disagreement of sound: want of harmony : discord : disagree- ment. Dissonant, dis'o-nant, adj., not agreeing in soitfui : without concord or harmony : disagree-, ing. [L. dis, apart, sonans, -antis, pr.p. of fn)io, to sound.] Dissuade, dis-swad', v.t. to advise against: to try to divert from anything by advice or per- suasion. [L. dis, against, and suadeo, suasus, to advise.] Dissuasion, dis-swa'zhun, w. act of dissuading: advice against anything. [See Dissuade.] Dissuasive, dis-swa'ziv, adj. tending to dissuade. — n. that which tends to dissuade. — adv. DiS- sua'sively. Dissyllabic, dis-sil-Iab'ik, adj. of two syllables. Dissyllable, dis-sil'a-bl, n. a word of only t7vo syllables. [Gr. dis, twice, and Syllable.] Distaff, dis'taf. It. the staff ox stick which holds the bunch of flax, tow, or wool in spinning. [A.S. distcef, compounded of dis =: Low Ger. diesse, the bunch of flax on the staff; and stcEf ^ E. Staff. See Dizen.] Distain, dis-tan', v.t. to stain : to sully. [O. Fr. desteindre, to take away the colour of — L. dis, privative, and tingo, to stain. See Stain.] Distance, dis'tans, n. space or interval between : remoteness : opposition : reserve of manner. — v.t. to place at a distance : to leave at a dis- tance behind. [See Distant.] Distant, dis'tant, adj. remote, in time, place, or connection : not obvious : indistinct : reserved in manner. — adv. Dis'tantly. [L. distans — dis, apart, and stasis, stantis, pr.p. of sto, to stand.] Distaste, dis-tast', «., oppositeness or aversion of taste: dislike of food : dislike : disgust. — v.t. to disrelish : to dislike : to loathe. [L. dis, nega- tive, and Taste.] Distasteful, dis-tast'fool, adj. producing dis- taste: unpleasant to the taste : offensive. — adv. Distaste'fully.— «. Distaste'fulness. Distemper, «. a kind of painting. See Destemper. Distemper, dis-tem'per, n. a morbid or disorderly state of body or mind : disease, esp. of ani- mals : ill-humour. — v.t. to derange the temper : to disorder or disease. [L. dis, negative, and Temper.] Distend, dis-tend', v.t. to stretch asmider or in all directions : to swell. — v.i. to swell. [L. dis, asunder, and tendo, tensus or tentus, to stretch.] Distensible, dis-ten'si-bl, adj. that may be stretched. Distensive, dis-ten'siv, adj., distending, or cap- able of being stretched. Distention, Distension, dis-ten'shun, «. act of distending or stretching : state of being stretched ; breadth. Distich, dis'tik, n. a couple of lines or verses, making complete sense : a couplet. [Gr. dt- stichos — dis, twice, and stichos, a hne, verse.] Distil, dis-til', v.i. to fall in drops : to flow gently ; to use a still. — v.t. to let or cause to fall in drops : to convert a liquid into vapour by heat, and then to condense it again : to extract the spirit or essential oil from anything by evapora- fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; route ; moon : ih^n. 133 Distillation Diver tion and condensation -.—pr.p. distill'lnq; ; pa.p. distilled'. [Fr. distiller — L. .) divorce. Divulge, di-vulj', v.t. to spread abroad among the vulgar or the people : to make public : to reveal. [L. dis, among, and vulgus, the common people. See Folk.] Divulsion, di-vul'shun, n. act oi fyidlingox rending asunder or away. [L. dis, asunder, arid vello, vulsus, to pull.] DiVUlsive, di-vul'siv, adj. tending to pull asunder. Dlzen, di'zn or diz'n, v.t. (obs.) to dress : to deck: to dress gaudily. [Orig. to put a bunch of flax on the distaff, from an E. form found also in Low Ger. diesse, the bunch of flax on the distaff. See Distaff.] Dizziness, diz'i-nes, n. giddiness. Dizzy, dizi, adj., dazed : giddy : confused : caus- ing giddiness : unthinking: heedless. — v.i. to make dizzy : to confuse. [A.S. dysig, foolish, silly; O. Dut. duyzigh ; Dan. dosig, drowsy; conn, with E. Daze, Doze.] Do, doo, v.t. to perform any action : to bring about or effect : to accomplish or finish : to prepare : to put or bring into any form or state. — To do on, to don or put on : to do off, to doff or put off : to do away, to remoi/e or destroy : tO be done for, to be defeated or ruined.— Z'./. to act or behave: — pr.p. do'ing ; pa.t. did ; /(T./. done (dun). [A.'Si. don ; Dut. doen, Ger. thun ; conn, with Gr. tit/ietni, to put, place.] Do, doo, v.i. to fare or get on, as to health: to succeed : to suit or avail. [Prov. E. dow, to avail, to be worth; from A.S. dugan, to be worth ; Ger. taugen, to be strong, to be worth. See Doughty.] Docile, do'sll or dos'il, adj., teachable: ready to learn : easily managed. [L. docilis — doceo, to teach.] Docility, do-sil'i-ti, «., teachableness : aptness. Dock, dok, «. a troublesome weed with large leaves and a long root, difficult to eradicate. [A.S. docce ; prob. from Gael, dog/uz, a burdock; perhaps allied to Gr. daukos, a kind of carrot.] Dock, dok, v.t. to cut slw)t : to curtail : to cut off: to clip. — n. the part of a tail left after clipping. [W. tociaiv, to cut short; cf. Ice. dockr, a stumpy tail.] Dock, dok, «. an inclosure or artificial basin near a harbour or river, for the reception of vessels : the box in court v.'here the accused stands. — v.t. to place in a dock. [O. Dut. dokke ; perh. from Low L. doga, a canal — Gr. doc/te, a receptacle — deckotnai, to receive.] Dockage, dok'aj, «. a charge for the use of a dock. Docket, dok'et, n. a summary of a larger writing: a bill or ticket afiixed to anything: a label : a list or register of cases in court.— z/./. to make a summary of the heads of a writing : to enter in a book : to mark the contents of papers on the fate, £Sr ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; moon ; ^Aen. 136 iJockyard back : — pr.p. dock'eting ; pa.p. Jock'eted. [Dim. of Dock, to curtail.] Dockyard, dok'yarii, «. a yard or store near a dock, where sliips are built and naval stores kept. Doctor, dok'tur, «. one who has received from a university the highest degree in a faculty : a physician. — adj. Doc'toral. [L. (///.) a teacher — doceo, to teach.] Doctorate, dok'tur-at, /:. a doctor's degree. Doctrinal, dok'trin-al, adj. relating to or contain- ing (/<'a.p. dogged'. — n. Dogg'er. [Not in A.S. ; Dut. dog, a mastiff; Ger. dogge, docke.] Dog-brier, dog'-brl'er, «. the brier dogroie. Dogcart, dog'kart, n. a one-horse carriage for sportsmen, so called from dogs being carried inside. [very cheap. Dogcheap, dog'chep, adj. , cheap as dog's-ia^Tit : Dogday, dog'da, n. one of the days when the Dogstar rises and sets with the sun, between the end of July and the beginning of September. Doge, doj, «. formerly the chief-magistrate in Venice and Genoa. [It., prov. for duce = E. d-uke — L. dux, a leader — duco, to lead.] Dogfish, dog'fish, n. a species of British shark, so named from their habit of following their prey like dogs hunting in packs. Dogged, dog'ed, adj. surly like an angry dog: sullen : obstinate.— arft'. Dogg'edly.— «. Dogg'- edness. Doggerel, dog'er-el, 71. irregular measures in bur- lesque poetry, so named in contempt : worthless verses. — adj. irregular: mean. [From Dog.] Doggish, dog'ish, adj. like a dog: churlish: \itwi.3\.—adv. Dogg'ishly.— «. Dogg'lshness. Dogma, dog'ma, n. a settled opinion : a principle or tenet : a doctrine laid down with authority. Dome [Gr., all opinion, from doked, to think, allied to I,, decet. See Decent.] Dogmatic, dog-in.it ik, Dogmatical, dog-mat'- ik-al, adj. pertaining to a dogma : asserting a thing as if it were a dogma : asserting positively : overbearing. — adv. Dogmat'ically. Dogmatise, dog'ma-tiz, v.i. to state one's opinion dogmatically or arrogantly.— «. Dog'matiser. Dogmatism, dog'ma-tizm, «., dogmatic or positive assertion of opinion. Dogmatist, dog'ma-tist, n. one who makes positive assertions. Dogrose, dog'roz, 7i. the rose of the dog-\ix\cx. Dog'S-ear, dogz'-er, n. the corner of tue leaf of a book turned down, like a dog's ear. — v. t. to turn down the corners of leaves : — pa. p. dog's-eared. Dogstar, dog'star, n. Sirius, a star of the first magnitude, whose rising and setting with the sun gave name to the r/y^'days. Doily, doi'li, 71. a small napkin used at dessert. [Prob. from Dut. dwaal = E. towel.] Doings, doo'ingz, «.//., thi/igs done, events : be- haviour. Doit, doit, w. a small Dutch coin worth about half a farthing : a thing of little or no value. [Dut. ditit. Origin dub.] Dole, dOl, v.t. to deal out in small portions. — «. a share distributed : something given in charity : a small portion. [From root of Deal, to divide.] Dole, dol, 71. [obs.) pai7i: grief: heaviness at heart. [O. Fr. doel, Fr. deuil, grief — L. dolco, to feel pain.] Doleful, dol'fool, adj. full of dole or grief : melan- choly. —it^/z/. Dole'fully. — 71. Dole'fulness. Dolesome, dSl'sum, adj. dismal. — adv. Dole'- somely. Doll, dol. 7t. a puppet or toy-baby for a child. [Dut. dolie7i, to sport, O. Dut. dol, a whipping- top ; cf dol, mad ; or perh. familiar for Dorothy.] Dollar, dol'ar, «. a silver coin of the United States, worth loo cents, or about 4.?. id. ster- ling. [Ger., short for yoachi77isthaler, because first coined at the silver mines in Joachimsthal (Joachim's dale) in Bohemia. Dolmen, dol'men, 71. a sto/ie table : an ancient structure of two or more unhewn stones placed erect in the earth and supporting a large stone. [Celtic daul, table, 7/iae7t, a stone.] Dolomite, dol'o-mlt, «. a magnesian limestone, So called from the French geologist Dolo7/iieu. Dolor, Dolour, dolor, «., pai7i: grief: anguish. [L.] Dolorific, dol-or-if ik, adj., caust/tg or expressing dolor, pain, or grief. [L. dolor, facio, to make.] Dolorous, dol'or-us, adj. full of dolor, pain, or grief : doleful.— aa'z/. Dol'orously. [L. dolo- rosus. ] Dolphin, dol'fin, «. an animal of the whale kind, found in all seas, about 8 or 10 feet long : the coryphene, a fish about 5 feet in length, noted for the brilliancy of its colours when dying. [O. Fr. daulphi7i — L. delphi7ius.] Dolt, dolt, K. a dull or stupid fellow. [Dolt = ditlled or blunted. See Dull.] Doltish, dOlt'ish, adj. dull: stupid.— arfz/. Dolt'- ishly.— «. Dalt'ishness. Domain, do-man', 71. what one is 7/iaster of or has do77ii7iio/i over : an estate : territory. [Fr. do7iiai/ie — L. do//ii/uu77t, do77ii7tus, a master.] Dome, dom, 71. a structure raised above the roof of large buildings, usually hemispherical : a large cupola : a cathedral : {poet.) a building. — ailj. Domed', having a dome. [Fr. dd/7ie, It. duo7/io, first meant a town-hall or public build- 136 fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; moon ; .'Aen. Domesday-book ing : then the cupola on such a building ; It. duomo and Ger. do»i are applied to the prin- cipal church of a place with or without a cupola. — Gr. and L. doinus, a house, a temple — Gr. demo, to build.] Domesday- or Doomsday-book, doomz'da-book, ] «. a book compiled by order of William the I Conqueror, containing a survey of all the lands in England, their value, owners, &c. ; so called from its authority in doom or judgment on the matters contained in it. Domestic, do-mes'tik, adj. belonging to the house : remaining much at home, private : tame : not foreign. — n. a servant in the house. — adv. Do- mes'tically— ?:. Domesticity. [L. domestic-iis — domus, a house.] Domesticate, do-mes'tik-at, v.t. to make domestic or faiuiliar : to tame. — k. Domestica'tion. Domicile, dom'i-sil, «. ^ house: an abode. — v.t. to establish a fi.\ed residence. — adj. Domicil'iary. [L. doiniciliion — dovuis, a house.] Domiciliate, dom-i-sil'yat, v.t. to establish in a permanent residence. — tt. Domicilia'tion. Dominant, dom'in-ant, adj. prevailing : predomi- nant. — «. [music) the fifth note of the scale in its relation to the first and third. [L. doiiii- iians, -antis, pr.p. oi domiiior, to be master.] Dominate, dom'in-at, v.t. to be iord over : to govern : to prevail over. [L. dominor, to be master — dojuintis, master — doinare = E. Tame.] Domination, dom-in-a'shun, «. , government: absolute authority : tyranny. [L. dominatio.'\_ Dominative, dom'in-a-tiv, adj., governing : 3.rhi- trary. [command haughtily. Domineer, dom-in-er', v.i. to rjde arbitrarily : to Dominical, do-min'ik-al, adj. belonging to Our Lord, as the Lord's Prayer, the Lord's Day. [L. dotninicns — domintis, lord, master.] Dominican, do-min'i-kan, adj. belonging to St Dominic or to the Dominicans.— 7i. a friar or monk of the order of St Dominic, founded early in the thirteenth centurj'. Dominion, do-min'yun, n., lordship: highest power and authority : control : the country or persons governed. — -//. [B.) angelic and powerful spirits. Domino, dom'i-no, 11. a cape with a hood worn by a master or by a priest ". a long cloak of black silk, with a hood, used for disguise. — pi. Dom'i- noes (-noz), the name of a game, so called be- cause the pieces are (partly) coloured black. [Sp. domine, a master or teacher.] Don, don, K. a Spanish title, corresponding to English Sir, formerly applied only to noblemen, now to all classes. -^w. Donn'a. [Sp., from L. domintis.^ Don, don, v.t. to do or put o?i : to assume '.—pr.p. donn'ing ; pa. p. donned'. [A contr. oi do o>t.] Donation, do-na'shun, 71. act of giving: that which is given, a gift of money or goods : [laiv] the act by which a person freely transfers his title to anything to another. [L. donatio — dono, donatum — donutn, a gift — do, to give.] Donative, don'a-tiv, «. a gift : a gratuity : a benefice presented by 'the founder or patron without reference to the bishop. — adj. vested or vesting by donation. [L. donaiivum.\ Done, dun, /«./. of Do. Donee, do-ne', «. one who receives a. gift. Donjon, dun'jun, n. a strong central tower in ancient castles, to which t'ne garrison retreated when hard pressed. [Fr., from Low L. domjio = domnio for Low L. dominio {=- L. dominium, dominion), because the lower dominated o\cr the rest. See Dungeon.] Dote Donkey, dong'ke, «. the ass. [= Ditn-ik-ie, a double dim. of Dim, from its colour.] Donor, do'nor, «. z. giver: a benefactor. Doom, d(3om, «., judgment : condemnation : des- tiny : ruin : final judgment. — v.t. to pronounce judgment on : to sentence : to condemn : — pr.p. doom'ing ; pa.p. doomed'. [A.S. dom, judg- ment ; allied to Gr. themis, justice.] Doomsday, dijomz'da, «. the day of doom, the day when the world will be judged. Door, dor, n. the usual entrance into a house or into a room : the wooden frame on hinges clos- ing up the entrance : a means of approach or access. [A.S. dtirn; Gr. thnra, V,. fores [•^.), a door, allied to Sans, dvar, an opening, from a root meaning to blow.] Doquet, dok'et, a form of Docket. Dor, Dorr, dor, n. a species of beetle, so called from its droning sound. [A. S. dora, a drone, locust.] Doree, do-re' or dor'a, n. a fish of a golden- yellow colour, called also Dory and John Doree. [Doree is the Fr. doree, from verb dorer, to gild — L. deaurare, to gild — de, of, with, and auriim, gold. John is simply the ordinary name.] Doric, dor'ik, adj. belonging to Doris in Greece : denoting one of the Grecian orders of architec- ture : a dialect of the Greek language distin- guished by the use of broad vowel sounds : any dialect having this character, as Scotch. [Fr. dorique, from L. Doricns — Gr. Doris.} Dormancy, dor'man-si, n. quiescence. Dormant, dor'mant, adj., sleeping: at rest : not used : in a sleeping posture : [arch.) leaning. — «. a crossbeam : a joist. [Fr., pr.p. oi dormir, from L. dormio, to sleep.] Dormer-Window, dor'mer-win'do, n. a vertical window, esp. of a sleepi>tg-xoom (formerly called dormer), on the sloping roof of a house. • [Fr. dormir, to sleep.] Dormitory, dor'mi-tor-i, n. a large sleeping- chamber with many beds. [L. donnitorium — dormio, to sleep.] Dormouse, dor'mows (//. Dor'mice), n. a gnaw- ing animal, intermediate between the squirrel and the rat, so called because torpid in winter. [Prob. from a Prov. E. dor, to sleep, and Mouse.] Dorsal, dor'sal, adj. pertaining or belonging to the back. [L. dorsum, the back.] Dory. See Doree. Dose, dos, «. the quantity of medicine given to be taken at one time : a portion : anything dis- agreeable that must be taken. — v.t. to order or give in doses : to give anything nauseous to. [Fr., from Gr. dosis, a §,\\\ng—diddmi, to give.] Dost, dust, second pers. sing. pres. ind. of Do. Dot, dot, «. any small mark made with a pen or sharp point. ~z/.^. to mark with dots : to diver- sify with objects. — v.i. to form dots -.^pr.p. dott'ing ; pa.p. dott'ed. [Ety. dub.] Dotage, dot'aj, «. a doting : childishness of old age : excessive fondness. Dotal, dO'tal, adj. pertaining to dowry or to dower. [L. details — dos, dotis, a dowry.] Dotard, dot'ard, «. one who dotes : one shewing the weakness of old age, or excessive fondness. Dotation, do-ta'shun, n. the act of bestowing a dowry on a woman : an endowment. [Low L. dotal io.] Dote, dot, v.i. to be weakly affectionate : to shew excessive love. — adv. Dot'ingly. [E. : Dut. doten, to be silly, Scot, doitet, stupid ; Fr, radoter, to rave, is from the same root.] fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; mo5n ; /Aen. 137 Doth Ooth, diitli, third pers. sing. prcs. ind. of Do. Double, diib'l, adj., two/old: twice as much : two of a sort together : in pairs : acting two parts, insincere. — adv. Doub'ly. [Fr. — L. duplus — (///(', two, and//«.f, akin \.o pteniis, full.] Double, dub'l, v.t. to muhiply by hvo : to fold.— v.i. to increase to twice the quantity ; to wind in running. — n. twice as much : a duplicate: one's wraith or app.Trition : a trick. Double-bass, dub'1-b.ls, «. the lowest-toned musical iTistrument of the violin form. Double-dealing, dub'l-del'ing, n. insincere deal- ipEC : duplicity. Double-entry, dub'l-en'tri, «. book-keeping in which t7oo entries are made of every transaction. Doubleness, dub'1-nes, n. duplicity. Doublet, dub'let, «. a pair : an mner garment : name given to words that are really the same, but vary somewhat in spelling and signification, as desk, disc and dish, describe and descry. [O. Fr,, dim. o( doui/e.] Doubloon, dub-l(jon', «. a Sp. gold coin, so called because it is double the value of a pistole. Doubt, dowt, V. i. to waver in opinion : to be un- certain : to hesitate : to suspect. — v.t. to hold in doubt : to distrust. [O. Fr. doubter — L. did'ito, from root dub in dubites, doubtful.] Doubt, dowt, tr. uncertainty of mind : suspicion : fear : .a thing doubted or questioned. — /t. Doubt'er.— rt,;'r'. Doubt'ingly.] Doubtful, dowt'fool, adj. full of doubt : undeter- mined : not clear : not secure : suspicious : not confident.— rti/i^. Doubt'fully. — 71. Doubt'ful- ness. [tainly.— ^i/e/. Doubt'lessly. Doubtless, dowt'les, adv. without doubt : cer- Douceur, doo-ser', «. sweetness of manner : some- thing intended to please, a present or a bribe. [Fr., from doux, dojtce — L. dulcis, sweet.] Douche, doosh, n. a jet of water directed upon the body from a pipe. [Fr. — It. doccia, a water-pipe, from L. duco, to lead.] Dough, do, «. a mass of flour or meal moistened and kneaded, but not baked. [A.S. dak; Ger. teig. Ice. deig, dough, from a root found in Goth, deigaii, to knead ; conn, with Dike, and with \,. Ji[n]go, to mould.] Doughty, dow'ti, adj., able, strong : brave. [A.S. dyhtig, valiant — dugan, to be strong ; Ger. tiichtig, solid, able — taugeu, to be strong. See Do, to fare or get on.] Doughy, do'i, adj. like dough : soft. Douse, dows, v.t. to pjunge into water : to slacken suddenly, as a sail. — v.i. to fall suddenly into water. [Ety. unknown.] Dove, duv, «. a pigeon : a word of endearment. [A.S. duva — dii/aii, to dive; perh. from its habit of ducking the head.] Dovecot, duv'kot. Dovecote, duv'kOt, «. a small cot or a box in which pigeons breed. Dovelet, duv'let, «. a young or small dove. Dovetail, duv'tsl, ;/. a mode of fastening boards together by fitting pieces shaped like a dove's tail spread out uito corresponding cavities. — — V. t. to fit one thing into another. Dowable, dow'a-bl, adj. that may be endowed: entitled to doiver. Dowager, dow'a-jer, 71. a widow with a dower or jointure : a title given to a widow to distinguish her from the wife of her husband's heir. [O. Fr. douagiere — Low L. dotarium—'L,. dotarc, to endow. See Dower.] Dower, dow'er, n. a jointure, that part of the hus- band's property which his widow enjoys during her life — sometimes used for Dowry. — adjs. Draff Dow'ered, furnished with dower, Dow'srlesa, without dower. [Fr. douaire — Low L. doariuin, dotarium — L. doto, to endow — dos, dotis, a dowry — do, Gr. di-do-ini, to give.] Dowlas, dowlas, «. a coarse linen cloth. [Fr. donilleiix — douille, soft — L. ductilis, pliant — duco, to draw.] Down, do>vn, «. the soft hair under the feathers of fowls : the hairy covering of the seeds of cer- tain plants : anything which soothes or invites to repose. [From root of Ice. dunn, Ger. dutist, vapour, dust. See Dust.] Down, down, n. a bank of sand thrown up by the sea. — fit. a tract of hilly land, used for pasturing sheep. [A.S. dim, a hill (cog. with tun, a fort), found in all the Teut. and Romance languages ; prob. from Celt, dun, which is found in many names of places, as Dunkeld.] Down, down, adv. from a higher to a lower posi- tion : on the ground : from earlier to later times. — prep, along a descent : from a higher to a lower position or state. [A corn of M.E. a-dowu, aditn — A.S. 0/ dune, ' from tlie hill' — A.S. dun, a hill. See Down, a bank of sand.] Downcast, down'kast, adj., cast or bent doivn- ward : dejected : sad. [reputation : ruin. Downfall, down'fal, n. sudden loss of rank or DoWTLhearted, down'hart-ed, adj. dejected in spirits. [easy. Downhill, down'hil, adj. descending : sloping : Downright, down'rit, adj. plain : open : artless : luiceremonious. — adv. Down'right. Downward, down'ward, Downwards, down'- wardz, adzK in a directioti do7vn ; towards a lower place or condition : from the source : from a time more ancient. [A. S. adunweard — cuiun, weard, direction. See Down, adv.] Downward, down'ward, adj. moving or tending down (in any sense). Downy, down'i, adj. covered with or made of down : like down : soft : soothing. Dowry, dow'ri, «. the property which a woman brings to her husband at marriage — sometimes used for Dower. [Orig. dower-y. See Dower.] Doxology, doks-ol'o-ji, n. a hymn e.\pressing praise and honour to God. [Gr. doxologia — doxologos, giving glory — doxa, praise — doked, to think, and lego, to speak.] Doze, doz, v.i. to sleefi lightly or to be half asleep : to be in a dull or stupefied state. — v.i. (with away) to spend in drowsiness. — n. a short light sleep. — «. Doz'er. [From a Scand. root, seen in Ice. dusa, Dan. dose, to dose; A. S. dwaes, dull ; akin to DiZzy.] Dozen, duz'n, adj., tivo and ten or twelve. — n. a collection of twelve articles. [Fr. douzaiue — L. duodeciin — duo, two, and decern, ten.] Drab, drab, }i. a low, sluttish woman : a prosti- tute. — v.i. to associate with bad women. [Gael, and Ir. 'slut,' orig. a stain, closely akin to Gael, and Ir. drabh, grains of malt, which answers to E. Draff,] Di'ab, drab, n, thick, strong gray cloth : a gray or dull brown colour, perh. from the muddy colour of undyed wool. [E'r. drap, cloth. See Drape.] Drabble, drab'l, v.t. to besmear with mud and water. [Freq. form, from root of Drab, a low wom.Tn.] Drachm, dram, n. See Dram. [Gr. drachme, from drassoinai, to grasp with the hand.] Draff, draf, n. [lit.) dregs, waste matter: the refuse of malt that has been brewed from. — adjs. Draff'ish, Draflf'y,. worthless. [Prob. E., cog. with Scand. draf, and with Gael, and Ir, drabh.] 138 fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mQte ; moon ; ^^eu. Draft Draft, draft, n. anything draton : a selection of men from an army, &c. : an order for the pay- ment of money : lines drawn for a plan : a rough sketch : the depth to which a vessel sinks in water. [A corr. of Draught.] Draft, draft, v.t. to liraiv an outline of: to com- pose and write : to draw off : to detach. Drafts, drafts, ;/. a game. See Draughts. Draftsman, drafts'man, n. one who dratvs plans or designs. Drag, drag, v.t. to dra^u by force: to draw slowly : to pull roughly and violently : to explore with a dragnet.— 7'. z. to hang so as to trail on the ground : to be forcibly drawn along : to move slowly and heavily : — pr.p. dragg'ing ; pa.p. dragged'. [A. S. dragan; Ger. tragen, repre- sented in all the Teut. tongues. Ace. to Cur- tius, nowise connected with L. traho.} Drag, drag, n. a net or hook for dragging along to catch things under water : a heavy harrow : a low car or cart : a contrivance for retarding carriage wheels in going down slopes : any obstacle to progress. [See Drag, w.] Draggle, drag'l, v.t. or v.i. to make or become wet and dirty by dragging ^o\-\^ the ground. [Freq. of Draw. Doublet, Drawl.] Dragnet, dragnet, n. a net to be dragged or drawn along the bottom of water to catch fish. Dragoman, drag'o-man, n. an interpreter, in Eastern countries.—//. Drag'omans. [Sp., from Ar. tarjumtin — tardjama, to interpret. See Targum.] Dragon, drag'un, «. a fabulous winged serpent : the constellation Draco : a fierce person : the flying lizard of the E. Indies. — adjs. Drag'- onish, Drag'onlike. [Fr.— L. draco, dr-aconis — Gr. drakon, (lit.) 'the sharp-sighted,' from e-drak-on, aorist oi derk-omai, to look.] Dragonet, drag'un-et, n. a little dragon : a. genus of fishes of the goby family, two species of which are found on the coast of England. Dragon-fly, drag'un-fll, n. an insect with a long body and brilliant colours. Dragonnade, drag-on-ad', n. the persecution of French Protestants under Louis XIV. and his successor by an armed force, usually of dra- goons: abandonment of a place to the violence cf soldiers. [Fr., from dragon, dragoon.] Dragon's-blood, drag'unz-blud, K. the red juice of several trees in S. America and the E. Indies, used for colouring. Dragoon, dra-goon', n. formerly a soldier trained to fight either on horseback or on foot, now applied only to a kind of cavalry. — v.t. to give up to the rage of soldiers : to compel by violent measures. [Sp., prob. so called from having orig. a dragon (L. draco] on their standard. See Dragon.] Dragoonade, drag-oon-ad'. Same as Dragonnade. Drain, dran, v.t. to draw off\>y degrees : to filter : to clear of water by drains : to make dry : to ex- haust. — v.i. to flow off gradually. — n. a water- course : a ditch : a sewer. — adj. Draln'able. [A.S. drehnigean, of which drek = drag, or else through dreg, from the same root.] Drainage, dran'aj, 71. the draiving off q{ ^2i\.^x by rivers or other channels : the system of drains in a town. Drainer, dran'er, «. a utensil on which articles are placed to drain. Drake, drak, n. the male of the duck. [Lit. ' duck-king,' being a contr. of A. S. end-rake or ened-rake., of which etied is cog. with Ice. and, Dan. and, Ger. ente, L. anas, atiatis ; and Drawing-room rake is the same as Goth, reiks, ruling, reiki, rule, and ridji), in bisJiop-ric, F7-ede-rick.'\ Dram, dram, ?/. a contraction of Drachm ; ^i^th of an oz. avoirdupois : formerly, with apothei:aries, ith of an oz. : as much raw spirits as is drunk at once. [Through Fr. and L., from Gr. drachme, (i) a small weight = 66 gr. ; (2) a coin ^ gjd. — drassoinai, to grasp ; a handful, a pinch.] Drama, dram'a or dra'ma, «. a representation of actions in human life : a series of deeply inter- esting events : a composition intended to be represented on the stage : dramatic literature. [L. — Gr. drama, draiinitos — drad, to do.] Dramatic, dra-mat'ik. Dramatical, dra-mat'ik-al, adj. belonging to the drama : appropriate to or in the form of a drama. — adv. Dramat'ically. Dramatise, dram'a-tiz, v.t. to compose in or tiun into the form of a drajna or play. [Gr. drama- tizo. See Drama.] Dramatist, dram'a-tist, n. a writer of plays. Drank, drangk— /iz.fi' teiise of Drink. Drape, drap, v.t. to cover with cloth. [Fr. drap, cloth. From a Teut. root.] Draper, drap'er, n. one who deals in drapery or cloth. [Fr. drapier — drap.~\ Drapeiy, drap'er-i, 71. clotli goods : hangings of any kind : {art) the representation of the aress of human figures. [Fr. drape7-ie — drap.'\ Drastic, dras'tik, adj., active, powerful. — «. a medicine that purges quickly or thoroughly. [Gr. drastikos — drao, to act, to do] Draught, draft, «. act of drawing: force needed to draw : the act of drinking : the quantity drunk at a. time : outline of a picture : that which is taken in a net by drawing ; a chosen detachment of men : a current of air : the depth to which a ship sinks in the water. — v.t. more commonly Draft, to draw out. [From A.S. dragan, to draw. See Drag, v. and Draw.] Draught, draft, Dr aught "house, «. (B.) a privy. Draughts, drafts, «. a game in which two per- sons make alternate moves (in O. E. draughts), on a checkered board, called the Draught'board, with pieces called Draughts'men. Draughtsman, drafts'man, n. See Draftsman. Drave, drav, old /rt./. of Drive. Draw, draw, v.t. to pull along: to bring forcibly towards one : to entice : to inhale : to take out : to deduce : to lengthen : to make a picture of, by lines drawn : to describe : to require a depth of water for floating. — v.i. to pull : to practise drawing: to move: to approach: — pa.t. drew (AvQo) ; pa.p. drawn. -^?z. the act of drawing: anything drawn. —«(![;■. Draw'able. — To draw on, to lead on : to ask or obtain payment by a written bill or d7-aft. — To draw up, to form in regular order. [A later form of Drag.] Drawback, draw'bak, 71. a drawing or receiving back some part of the duty on goods on their e.xportation : any loss of advantage. Drawbridge, draw'brij, «. a bridge that can be d7-aw7t up or let down at pleasure. Drawee, draw-e', n. the person on whom a bill of exchange is d>.iwn. Drawer, draw'er, n. he or that which draws: a thing drawn out, like the sliding box in a case. — //. a close under-garment for the lower limbs. Drawing, drawing, 71. the art of representing ob- jects by lines draw/i, shading, &c. : a picture : the distribution of prizes, as at a lottery. Drawing-room, draw'ing-room, 7i. (orig. ) a witk- drawi/ig roo7n : a room to which the company withdraws after dinner : a reception of company in it. fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mSte ; mute ; moon ; then. 139 Drawl Drawl, drawl, 7/.1. to speak in a slow, lengthened tone. — v.i. to utter words in a slow and sleepy manner. — n. a slow, lengthened utterance of the \o\cc.—a. dreamed' or dreamt (dremt). — n. Dream'er.— aa??/. Dream'ingly. Dreamy, drem'i, adj. full of dreams : appropriate to dreams : dreamlike. — n. Dreaminess. Drear, drer. Dreary, drer'i, adj ajloomy : cheer- less.— «.t. to fill with drink or liquid: to wet thoroughly : to physic by force. — n. a draught: a dose of physic forced down the throat. [A.S. drettcan, to give to drink, from drincan, to drink. See Drink.] Dress, dres, v.t. to put straight or in order: to put clothes upon : to prepare : to cook : to trim: to deck: to cleanse a sore. — v.i. to arrange in a line : to put on clothes. — pa.t. and pa.p. dressed' or drest. — «. the covering or orna- ment of the body : a lady's gown : style of dress. [Fr. dresser, to make straight, to pre- pare, from L. dirigo, direciient, to direct.] Dresser, dres'er, «. one who dresses : a table on which meat is dressed or prepared for use. Dressing, dres'ing, n., dress or clothes : manure given to land : matter used to give stiffness and gloss to cloth : the bandage, &c. applied to a sore : an ornamental moulding. Dromedary Dressing-case, dres'ing-kSs, n. a case of articles used in dressing one's self. Dressy, dres'i, adj. showy in or fond of dress. Drew, drOD— did draw— /«./. of Draw. Dribble, drib'l, v.i. to fall in small drops: to drop quickly: to slaver, as a child or an idiot. — 71. t. to let fall in drops.— «. Dribbler. [Dim. of Drip.] [a small quantity. Dribblet, Driblet, drib'let, «. a very small drop : Drift, drift, n. a heap of matter driven together, as snow : the direction in which a thing is driven: the object aimed at: the meaning of words used. — v.t. to drive into heaps, as snow. — v.i. to be floated along: to be driven into heaps. [See Drive.] Driftless, drift'les, adj. without drift or aim. Driftwood, drifl'wood, w., wood dri/ted hy water. Drill, dril, v.t. to pierce through with a revolving borer (this implies tremor, and connects Drill with Thrill). — n. an instrument that bores. Drill, dril, v.t. to exercise, e.g. soldiers or pupils. — n. the exercising of soldiers. [Perh. Fr. drille, a foot-soldier, from O. Ger. drigil, a servant. See Thrall.] Drill, dril, n. a row or furrow to put seed into in sowing. — v.t. to sow in rows. [W. rhill, a row.] Drilling, dril'ing, n. a coarse linen or cotton cloth, used for trousers. [Ger. drillich — L. trilix, made of three threads, L. tres, and liciian, a thread of the warp.] [drilling holes in metals. Drillpress, dril'pres, n. a press or machine for Drill-sergeant, dril'-sar'jent, n. a sergeant or non- commissioned officer who drills soldiers. Drily. See Dry, adj. Drink, dringk, z>.t. to swallow, as a liquid : to take in through the senses. — v.i. to swallow a liquid : to take intoxicating liquors to excess : — pr.p. drink'ing ; pa.t. drank ; /«./. drunk. — n. something to be drunk : intoxicating liquor. — adj. Drinkable, dringk'a-bl.— ?i. Drink'able- ness.— «. Drinker, dringk'er, a tippler. [A.S. drincan; Ger. trinken.] Drink-offering, dringk'-ofer-ing, «. a Jewish offering q/wi?ie, &c. in their religious services. Drip, drip, v.i. to fall in drops: to let fall drops. — v.t, to let fall in drops :—pr.p, dripp'ing ; pa.p. dripped'. — «. a falling in drops : tliat which falls in drops : the edge of a roof. [A. S. drypan. Drop and Drip are from the same root. ] Dripping, drip'ing, n. that which falls in drops, as fat from meat in roasting. Drive, driv, v.t. to force along : to hurry one on : to guide, as horses drawing a carriage. — v.i. to press forward with violence : to be forced along : to go in a carriage : to tend towards a point : — pr.p. driv'ing ; pa.t. drove; pa.p. driv'en. — n. an excursion in a carriage : a road for driving on.— «. Driv'er. [A.S. dri/an, to drive; Ger. treiben, to push.] Drivel, driv'l, v.i. to slaver or let spittle dribble, like a child : to be foolish : to speak like an idiot '.—pr.p. driv'elling ; pa.p. drivelled. — «. slaver: nonsense. — n. Driv'eller, a fool. [A form of Dribble.] Drizzle, driz'l, v.i. to rain in small drops. — «. a small, light rain. — adj. Drizz'ly. [Freq. of M.E. dreosen, A.S. dreosan, to fall.] Droll, drol, adj. odd: amusing: laughable. — n. one who excites mirth: a jester.^ — v.i. to prac- tise drollery : to jest. — adj. Droll'ish, some- what droll.— «. DroU'ery. [Fr. drdle; from the Teut. , as in Dut. and Ger. drollig, funny.] Dromedary, drum'e-dar-i, n. the Arabian camel, which has one hump on its back ; so named from 140 fate, fijr; nje, her; mine; mSte ; mute; mOon; thex^. Drone its speed. [Low L. droinedarijts, from Gr. dramas, droniados, running — root drem, to run.] Drone, dr5n, «. the male of the honey-bee : one who lives on the labour of others, like the drone- bee : a lazy, idle fellow. [A.S. dran, the bee ; Dut. and Ger. drone, Sans, dritrui, Gr. an- thri'ni, Dan. drone, din, a rumbling noise.] Drone, drOn, v.i. to make a low humming sound. Drone, dr5n, «. the largest, tube of the bagpipe. [From the sound.] Dronish, drdn'ish, adj. like a drone: lazy, idle. — ttd-.'. Dron'ishly.— «. Dron'ishness. Droop, droSp, v.i. to sink or hang down : to grow weak or faint : to decline. [A form of Drop.] Drop, drop, «. a small particle of liquid which falls at one time : a very small quantity of liquid : anything hanging like a drop : anything arranged to drop. — n. Droplet, a little drop. [A.S. dropa, a drop; Dut. dro/>.] Drop, drop, 7i.i. to fall in small particles : to let drops fall : to fall suddenly : to come to an end : to fall or sink lower. — v.t. to let fall in drops : to let fall : to let go, or dismiss : to utter casually : to lower .^pr.p. dropping ; pa.p. dropped'. [A.S. dropian — dropa; Ger. tropfen, akin to trie/en, to drop, to trickle.] Dropsical, drop'sik-al, adj. pertaining to, resem- bling, or affected with dropsy. — n. Drop'sical- ness. Dropsy, drop's!, «. an unnatural collection of luater in any part of the body. [Corr. from hydropsy — Fr. hydropisie — L. hydropisis — Gr. hydrops — hydor, water.] Drosky, dros'ki, «. a low four-wheeled open carriage, much used in Russia. [Russ. drojki.} Dross, dros, n. the scum which metals throw off when melting : waste matter : refuse : rust. [A. S. dros, from dreosan, to fall ; Ger. druse, ore decayed by the weather.] Drossy, dros'i, adj. like dross : impure : worth- less.— «. Dross'iness. Drought, drowt, «., dryness : want of rain or of water: thirst. [A.S. r./>. dubb'ing ; /«•/• dubbed'. [From a Teut. root, seen in A.S. dubban. Ice. dubba, to strike : akin to Dab.] Dubiety, ilu-bT'e-ti, n. doubtfulness. Dubious, (ill !)i-us, adj., doubtful: undetermined : causing doubt : of uncertain event or issue. — adv. Du'biously.— «. Du'biousness. [L. dubius, from duo. two. .See Doubt.] [dom. Ducal, duk'al, adj. pert-iinini; to a duke or duke- Ducat, duk'at, n. [orig. ) a coin struck by a duke : a coin worth, when silver, 4s. 6d. : when gold, twice as much. (Fr. ducat — it. ducato — Low L. ducat us, a ducliy — dtix, a leader. See Duke.] Duchess, duch'es, n. the consort or widow of a duke : a lady who possesses a duchy in her own right. [Fr. ducliesse — due — L. dux, a leader.] Duchy, duch'i, «. the territory of a duke, a duke- lioni. [t'r. duche — duc.\ Duck, duk, «. a kind of coarse cloth for small sails, sacking, &c. [Uut. dock, linen cloth; Ger. tucli.\ Duck, duk, v.i. to dip for a moment in water. — v.i. to dip or dive : to lower the head suddenly. — n. a well-known water-bird, so named from its ducking or dipping its head : a dipping or stoop- ing of the head : a pet, darling. [E. ; from a root found also in Low Ger. dncken, Dut. djiikeii, to stoop ; Ger. taiicJien, to dip, tauch-ente, the duck. Dip, Dive, Dove, are p.-irallel forms.] Ducking-stool, duk'ing-stOol, n. a stool or chair in which scolds were formerly tied and djicked in the water as a punishment. Duckling, duk'ling, n. a young duck. Duct, dukt, u. a tube conveyhtg fluids in animal bodies or plants. [L. ductus — duco, to lead.] Ductile, duk'til, adj. easily led : yielding : cap- able of being draivn out into wires or threads. [L. ductilis — duco, ducijis, to lead.] Ductility, duk-til'i-ti, n. capacity of being drawn out without breaking.] [dygen, anger.] Dudgeon, duj'un, «. resentment: grudge. [W. Dudgeon, duj'un, «. the haft of a dagger : a small dagger. [Ety. unknown.] Due, du, adj., owed: that ought to be paid or done to another : proper : appointed. — adi'. exactly : directly. — «. that which is owed : what one has a right to : perquisite : fee or tribute. [Fr. dll, pa. p. oi devoir, L. debeo, to owe.] Duel, du'el, n. a combat between two persons : single combat to decide a quarrel. — v.i. to fight in single combat : — /'r.p. du'elling ; j>a./>. duelled. — n. Du'eller or Du'ellist. [It. duello, from L. due Hum, the orig. form ol belhttn — d7co, two.] Duelling, du'el-ing, n. lighting in a duel: the practice of fighting in single combat. Duenna, du-en'a, n. an old lady who acts as guardian to a younger. [.Sp., a form of Donna.] Duet, du-et'. Duetto, du-et'o, «. a piece of music for t2vo. [It. duetto — L. duo, two.] Duffel, duf'l, n. a thick, coarse woollen cloth, with a nap. [Prob. from Duffel, a town in Belgium.] Dug, dug, «. the nipple of the pap, esp. applied to that of a cow or other beast. [Cf. Sw. diigga, Dan. ddgge, to suckle a child. See Dairy.] Dug, dug, pa.t. and/rt./. of Dig. Dugong, du-gong', n. a kind of herb-eating whale, from 8 to 20 feet long, found in Indian seas. The fable of the mermaid is said to be founded on this animal. [Malayan dily6ng.\ Dnjie, duk, n. (lit.) a leader, (B.) a chieftain : the highest order of nobility next below the Prince of Wales : [on the co>itinent) a sovereign prince. Dung [Fr. due — L. dtix, ducis, a leader — di*co, to lead ; akin to A. S. teohan (see Tow), Ger. zie/u-u, to draw or lead; A.S. here toga, army- leader, Ger. Iterzog, now = E. duke. ] Dukedom, duk'dum, «. the title, rank, or ter- ritories of a duke. [Duke, and A.S. dom, duniinion.] Dulcet, duls'et, adj.t siveet to the taste, or to the ear : melodious, harmonious. [Old Fr. dolcet, dim. of dols^=- doiix — L. dulcis, sweet.] DulcifluOUS, dul-sif'loo-us, adj., Jloxving sweetly. [L. dulcis, and jluo, to flow.] Dulcimer, dul'si-mer, «. a musical instrument played by striking brass wires with small rods : a Jewish musical instrument, ace. to Gesenius, a double pipe with a b.tg. [Sp. dulcemele — L. dulce luelos, a sweet song — dulcis, sweet ; melos = Gr. tnelos, a. song. ] Dull, dul, adj. slow of hearing, of learning, or of understanding : insensible : without life or spirit : slow of motion ; drowsy : sleepy : sad : downcast : cheerless : not bright or clear : cloudy : dim, obscure : obtuse : blunt. — adv. Dully.— «. Dtill'ness or Dul'ness. [A.S. dwal, dol — dwelaji, to lead astray ; Dut. dol, mad — dolcn, to wander, to rave ; Ger. toll, mad.] Dull, dul, v.t. to make dull: to make stupid : to blunt : to damp : to cloud. — v.i. to become dull. Dullard, dul'ard, n. a dull and $Xvcp\A person : a dunce. [weak sight. Dull-sighted, dul'-sTt'ed, adj. having dull or Dull-witted, dul'-wit'ed, adj. not smart : heavy. Duly, du'li, adv. properly : fitly : at the proper time. Dumb, dum, adj. without the power of speech : silent: soundless. — «. Dumb'ness. [A.S. duvib; Ger. duinin, stupid, Dut. do}u.] Dumb-bells, dum'-belz, n.pl. weights swung in the hands for e.xercise. [pantomime. Dumb-show, dum'-sho, n. gesture without words: Dumfound, dum'fownd, v.t. to strike dumb: to confuse greatly. Dummy, dum'i, n. one who is dumb : a sham package in a shop : the fourth or exposed hand when three persons play at whist. Dumpish, dump'ish, adj. given to dumps: de- pressed in spirits. — adv. Dump'iShly. — n. Dump'ishness. Dumpling, dump'ling, n. a kind of thick pudding or mass of paste. [Dim. of dump, in Dumpy.] Dumps, dumps, 7i.pl. dullness or gloominess of mind : ill-humour. [From a Teut. root, seen in Sw. dumpin, Ger. dump/, gloomy, E. Damp.] Dumpy, dump'i, adj. short and thick. [From a prov. form dump, a clumsy piece.] Dun, dun, adj. of a dark colour, partly brown and black. [A.S. dun — W. dwti, dusky, Gael. don, brown.] Dun, dun, v.t. to demand a debt with din or noise : to urge for payment -.^pr.p. dunn'ing ; pa.p. dunned'. — n. one who duns: a demand for payment. [A.S. dynnan, Ice. dynia, to make a noise, to clamour.] Dunce, duns, ii. one slow at learning : a stupid person.— «. Dunc'ish, Dunce'like. [Duns (Scotusi, the leader of the schoolmen, from him called Dunses, who opposed classical studies on the revival of learning ; hence any opposer of learning. Duns Scotus was a native of Duns in Berwickshire, or of Dunston in Northum- berland, whence his name.] Dune, dun, n. a low hill of sand on the sea- shore. [An earlier form of Down, a hill.] Dung, dung, M. the excrement of animals : refuse 142 fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; moon : Men, Dungeon litter mixed with excrement. — v.t. to manure with dung. — zi.i. to void excrement. — adj. Dungy. [A.S. dung ; Ger. dum;, diinger.] Dungeon, di.n'jun, h. [orig:) the principal tower of a castle : a close, dark prison : a cell under ground. [A doublet of Donjon.] Dunghill, dung hil, >i. a hill or heap of dung: any mean situation. Dunlin, dun'lin, n. a kind of sandpiper, so called from its frequenting the dunes and pools by the seaside. [Gael, dun, hill, and linnc, a pool.] Dunnish, dun'ish, adj. somewhat dun. Duo, i^iu'o, «. a song in t-wo parts. [L. duo, two.] Duodecennlal, du-o-de-sen'i-al, adj. occurring every tivelvc years. [L. duodeciiii, twelve, and annus, a year.] Duodecimal, du-o-des'i-mal, adj. computed by twelves : twelfth.^//, a rule of arithmetic in which the denominations rise by twelve. [L. duodechn, twelve — duo, two, and decent, ten.] Duodecimo, du-o-des'i-mo, adj. formed of sheets .'bided so as to make twelve leaves. — «. a book ot such sheets — usually written i2mo. Duodecuple, du-o-dek'ti-pl, adj., twelvefold : con- sisting of twelve. [L. duodecim, plico, to fold.] Duodenum, du-o-de'num, n. the first portion of the small intestines, so called because about ttvelve fingers' breadth in length. — adj. Duo- de'nal. [L. duodcni, twelve each.] Dup, dup, v.t. ipbs.) to undo a door. [From Do and Up. Cf. Don and Doff.] Dupe, dup, n. one easily cheated: one who is deceived or misled. — v.t. to deceive : to trick. — adj. Dup'able. [Fr. dupe ; of uncertain origin.] Duple, du'pl, adj., double: twofold. [L. duplex, dtiplicis, twofold, from dtio, two, and plico, to fold. Cf. Complex.] Duplicate, du'plik-at, adj., double: twofold. — «. another thing of the same kind : a copy or transcript. — v.t. to double : to fold. — 71. Dupll- ca'tion. [L. duplico, dupUcatus— duplex.} Duplicity, du-plis'it-i, «., doubleuess: insincerity of heart or speech : deceit. [L. duplicitas — ■ duplex.} Dui'ability, dur-a-bil'it-i, «. quality of being dur- able : power of resisting decay. Durable, dura-bl, adj. able to last or endure : hardy : permanent.— ishness. Dusky, dusk'i, adj. partiaHy dark or obscure : dark-coloured : sad : gloomy. — adv. Dusk'ily. —n. Dusk'iness. Dust, dust, n. fine particles of anything like smoke or vapour: powder : earth : the grave, where the body becomes dust : a mean condi- tion. — v.t. to free from dust : to sprinkle with dust. [A.S. dust; Ger. dunst, vapour.] Duster, dust'er, «. a cloth or brush for removing dust. Dusty, dust'i, adj. covered or sprinkled with dust: like dust.—;;. Dust'lness. Dutch, duch, adj. belonging to Holland, or its people — in old writers rather applied to the Germans. [Ger. deutsc/i (lit.) belonging to the people — O. Ger. diut-isk, of which -isk = the E. suffix -ish, and diut = A.S. theod, Goth. thiuda, a nation. See Teutonic. ] Duteous, du'te-us, adj. devoted to duty : obedient. —adv. Du'teously.— ;;. Du'teousness. Dutiful, du'ti-fool, adj. attentive to duty: respect- ful : expressive of a sense of duty. — adv, Du'tifully.— ;;. Du'tlfulness. Duty, du ti, n. that which is due : what one i.s bound by any obligation to do : obedience : mili- tary service : respect or regard : one's proper busi- ness : tax on goods. [Formed from O. Fr. den or due (mod. Fr. dll), and suffix -ly. See Due.] Duumvirate, du-um'vi-rat, «. the union of two men in the same office : a form of government in ancient Rome. [L. d:w, two, and vir, a man.] Dwale, dwal, n. (bot.) deadly nightshade, which poisons, dulls, or stupejies : (her.) a black colour. [A. S. divala, error, hence stupefaction, from dwal or dol. See Dull and Dwell.] Dwarf, dwawrf, ti. an animal or plant that does not reach the ordinary height : a diminutive man. — v.t. to hinder from growing. [A.S. dweorg =^ "Dul. and Scand. dwerg, Ger. zwerg.\ Dwarfish, dwawrf ish, adj. like a dwarf : very small : despicable. — adv. Dwarf'ishly. — n. Dwarf'ishness. Dwell, dwel, v.i. to abide in a place : to inhabit : to rest the attention : to continue long : — pr.p. dwell'ing ; pa.t. and pa.p. dwelled' or dwelt. — w. Dwell'er. [A.S. dzvelan, to cause to wander, to delay, from dival or dol, the original form oi E. Dull.] [habitation : continuance. Dwelling, dwel'ing, ;;. the place where one dwells : Dwindle, dwin'dl, v.i. to grow less : to grow feeble : to become degenerate. — z'.t. to lessen. [Dim. of divine, from A.S. dwitian, to fade = Ice. dvina, Dan. tvine, to pine away ; akin to A.S. s-windan, Ger. schivinden. See SwOOn.] Dye, di, v.t. to stain : to give a new colour to :— ' pr.p. dye'ing ; pa.p. dyed'. — ;;. colour : tinge : stain : a colouring liquid. [A.S. deagati, to dye, from deag or dcah, colour.] [cloth, &c. Dyeing, dl'ing, ;;. the art or trade of colouring Dyer, di'er, ;;. one whose trade is to dye c\oih, &c. Dyestufifs, dl'stufs, ;;.//. material used in dyeing. Dying, dl'ing, pr.p. of Die. — adj. destined for death, mortal : occurring immediately before death, as dying words : supporting a dying person, as a dying bed : pertaining to death. — n. death. [See Die, v.} Dyke. Same as Dike. Dynamic, di-nam'ik, Dynamical, di-nam'ik-al, adj. relating to force : relating to the effects of forces in nature.— rt(Jf^'. Dynam'lcally. [Gr. dynatnikos — dynamis, power — dynamai, to be able.] fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; moon ; ihea. 14S D3mamlc3 DyhAIQIcs. di-nam'iks, n.sing: the science which investi^alcs the action oi force. Djniamlte, din'a-nilt, «. a ^iKver/ul explosive agent, consisting of absorbent matter, as porous silica, saturated with nitro-glycerine. [(jr. tiyiiaiHts.] Dynamometer, din-am-om'e-ter, «. an instrument (or mc-(isuri>ig' e^ori exerted, esp. the work done by a machine. [Gr. dynainis, power, and victron, a measure.] Dynasty, diu'as-ti or di'nas-ti, «. a succession of kinys of the same family. — adj. Dynas'tiC, be- longini; to a dynasty. (Gr. liymutcia — dyiicis- tes, a lord — dyimiuai, to be able.] Dysentery, dis en-ter-i, n. a disease of the entrails or bowels, attended with pain and a discharge of mucus and hXooA.— adj. Dysenteric. [Gr. dysoiti-ria, from dys, ill, I'liii'ra, the entrails.] Dyspepsy, dis-pepsi, Dispepsia, dis-pep'si-a, «,, dijhcult digestion : indigestion. [Gr. dyspepsia — dys, hard, difficult, a.wd.pessd, pcpso, to digest.] Dyspeptic, di.s-pep'tik, adj. afflicted with, per- taining to, or arising from indigestion. — «. a person afflicted with dyspepsy. Each, ech, adj., every one in any number separ- ately considered. [A.S. .t. (pbs.) to plough or till. [A.S. erian; L. a}o, Gr. aroo — root ar, to plough.] Ear, er, «. the organ of hearing or the external part merely : the sense or power of hearing : the faculty of distinguishing sounds : attention : •anything like an ear — adjs. Eared', having ears; Earless, wanting ears. [A.S. eare ; L. aiiris, Ger. ohr.\ Earache, erak, n. an ache or pain in the ear. Eardrop, er'drop, Earring, er'ring, «. a ring or ornament drooping or hanging from the ear. Eardrum, er'drum, «. the dnon or middle cavity of the ear. [See Tympanum.] Earing, er'ing, n. {obi.) ploughing. Earl, erl, n. an English nobleman ranking between a marquis and a viscount.— ^/^w. COUnt'eSS. [A.S. eorl, a warrior, hero ; Ice. jarl.] Earldom, irl'dum, «. the dominion or dignity of an earl. [Earl, and A.S. do/n, power.] Early, er'li, adj. in good season : at or near the beginning of the day. — adv. soon. — n. Ear'- liness. [A.S. trrlice — eer, before.] Earmark, er'mark, «. a mark on a sheep's ear. Earn, ern, V. t. to gain by labour : to acquire : to deserve. [A.S. earnian, to earn ; cog. with O. Ger. arin, to reap ; Ger. ernte : Goth, asans, harvest]. Earnest, er'nest, adj. shewing strong desire : de- Easterllng termined : eager to obtain : intent : sincere. — «. seriousness : reality. — adv. Ear'nestly. — «. Ear'nestnesS. [A.S. earnest, seriousness ; Dut. ernst, Ger. crust, ardour, zeal.] Earnest, er'nest, }i. money given in token of a bargain made : a pledge : first-fruits. [W. ernes, an earnest, pledge-money, akin to Gael. cartas, whence Scot, arlcs. Perh. like Gr. arrabon and L. arrha, from Heb. 'crabon.] Earnings, er'ningz, n.pl. what one has earned: money saved. Earshot, er'shot, «. hearing-distance. Earth, erth, u. the matter on the surface of the globe : soil : dry land, as opposed to sea : the world : the people of this world. [A.S. eortlie ; Ger, crdc : allied to Gr. era.\ Earth, erth, v.t. to hide or cause to hide in the earth: to bury. — v.i. to burrow. Earthborn, erth'bawrn, adj., born from ^he earth. Earthbound, erth'bownd, adj., bound or held by the earth, as a tree. Earthen, erth'n, adj. made of earth or clay ; earthly : frail. — n. Earth'enware, crockery. Earthflax, erth'flaks, n. asbestos. Earthling, erth'ling, n. a dweller on the earth. Earthly, erth'li, adj. belonging to the earth; vile : worldly.— «. Earth'liness. Earthly-minded, erth'li-nilnd'ed, adj. having the }>iind intent on earthly things. Earthnut, erth'nut, n. the popular name of certain tuberous roots growing underground. Earthquake, erth'kwak, n. a guakiut; or shaking of the earth : a heaving of the ground. Earthward, erth' ward, adv., toward the earth. Earthwork, erth'wurk, n. the removing of earth in making railways, &c. : a fortification of earth. Earthworm, erth'wurm, «. the common worm : a mean, niggardly person. Earthy, erth i, adj. consisting of, relating to, or resembling earth : inhabiting the earth : gross : unrefined. — n. Earth'iness. [hearing. Ear-trumpet, er'-trump'et, n. a tube to aid in Earwax, er'waks, ji. a waxy substance secreted by the glands of the ear into the outer passage. Earwig, er'wig, n. a common insect with forceps at its tail, incorrectly supposed to creep into the brain through the ear: one who gains the ear of another by stealth for a bad end. [A.S. eor- wicga; eor being E. Ear, and wicga, from wegan, to carry, akin to L. vcho.] Ear-witness, er'-wit'nes, «. a ■witness that can testify from his own /tearing : one who hears a thing. Ease, ez, n. freedom from pain or disturbance : rest from work : quiet : freedom from difficulty : naturalness. [Fr. aise'; same as It. agio.] Ease, ez, v.t. to free from pain, trouble, or anxiety : to relieve : to calm. Easel, ez'l, 71. the frame on which painters sup- port their pictures while painting. [Dut. ezel, or Ger. esel, an ass, dim. of stem as. See Ass.] Easement, ez'ment, ;/. relief: assistance: support. East, est, It. that part of the heavens where the sun first shines or rises : one of the four cardinal points of the compass : the countries to the east of Europe. — adj. toward the rising of the sun. [A.S. east; Ger. ost ; akin to Gr. eos, the dawn; Sans, ushas, the dawn — ush, to burn.] Easter, est'er, «. a Christian festival commemor- ating the resurrection of Christ, held on the Sunday after Good-Friday. [A.S. Eastor, from Eastre, a goddess whose festival was held in April.] Easterllng, est'er-ling, 71. a native of a country 144 fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; moon ; //ten. Easterly lying to the east of us, esp. a trarler from the shoresofthe li.iltic. [See Sterling.] Easterly, est'er-li, iiiij. coming from the eastward : looking toward tiie east. — adv. on the east: toward the east. Eastern, est'em, adj. toward the east : connected with the East : dwelling in the East. Eastward, est'ward, oiiv. toward the east. Easy, ez'i, adj. at ease : free from pain: tranquil: unconstrained : giving ease : not difficult : yielding: not straitened. — adv. Easily. — «. Easiness. Eat, et, v.t. to chew and swallow: to consume : to corrode. — v.i. to take food : — /'r.p. eat'ing ; J>a.t. ate (at or et) ; /«./. eaten (et'n) or [obs.) eat (et). — 7t. Eat'er. [A.S. etan; Ger. esse?!, L. edo, esse, Gr. edd. Sans, ad, to eat.] Eatable, et'a-bl, adj. fit to be eaten. — n. anything used as food. Eaves, evz, fi.pl. the edge of the roof projecting over the wall. [A.S. efese, the dipt edge of thatch.] Eavesdrop, evz'drop, n. the water which falls in drops from the eaves of a house. — v.i. to stand under the eaves or near the windows of a house to listen.— «. Eaves'dropper, one who thus listens : one who tries to overhear private con- versation. Ebb, eb, n. the going back or retiring of the tide : a decline or decay. — v.i. to flow back : to sink : to decay. [A. S. ebba ; Ger. ebbe, from the same root as even.} Ebb-tide, eb'-tld, «. the ebbing or retiring tide. Ebon, eb'on, adj. made of ebony : black as ebony. Ebony, eb'on-i, n. a kind of wood almost as heavy and hard as stone, usually black, admitting of a fine polish. [Fr. ebene — L. ebenus — Gr. ebetios, from Heb. /lobnim, pi. of hobui, obni — ebe7i, a stone.] Ebriety, e-brl'e-ti, «., drutikenness . [Fr. ibriete — L. ebrietas, from ebriies, dnmk.] Ebullient, e-bul'yent, adj., boiliftg up or over. [L. ebiilliens, -entis — e, out, and biillio, to boil.] Ebullition, eb-ul-lish'un, n. act of boiling: agita- tion : a display of feeling : an outbreak. Ecarte, a-kar'ta, ?/. a game at cards played by two, in which the cards may be discarded or exchanged for others. [Fr. — e, out, carte, a card. See Card.] Eccentric, ek-sen'trik. Eccentrical, ek-sen'trik-al, adj. departingyV(!;« the centre: not having the same centre as another, said of circles : out of the usual course : not conforming to common rules : oAd.—adv. Eccen'trically. [Gr. ek, out of, and kentron, the centre. See Centre.] £ccentric, ek-sen'trik, n. a circle not having the same centre as another : (tnech.) a wheel having its axis out of the centre. Eccentricity, ek-sen-tris'it-i, «. the distance of the centre of a planet's orhit/roin the centre of the sun : singularity of conduct : oddness. Ecclesiastes, ek-kle-zi-as'tez, n. me of the books of the Old Testament. [Gr., lit. a preacher.] Ecclesiastic, ek-kle-zi-as'tik. Ecclesiastical, ek- kle-zi-as'tik-al, adj. belonging to the church. — n. Eccleslas'tiC, one consecrated to the church, a priest, a clergyman. [Low L. — Gr. ekkiesias- tikos, from ekklesia, an assembly called out, the church — ek, out, and kaleo, to call.] EcclesiastiCUS, ek-kle-zi-as'tik-us, n. a book of the Apocrypha. [L. — Gr., lit. a preacher.] Ecclesiology, ek-kle-zi-ol'o-ji, «. the science of building and decorating chiirclies. [Gr. ekklesia, a church, logos, a discourse.] Edda Echo, ek'o, «. — pi. Echoes, ek'Oz, the repetition of a sound from some object. — ;'./'. to reflect sound : to be sounded back : to resound. — v.t. to send back the sound of : to repeat a thing said : — pr.fi. ech'Oing ; pa.p. ech'Ged. [L. eclio — Gr. echo, a sound.] Eclaircissement, ek-lar'sis-mong, «. the act of clearing up anything : explanation. [Fr.— eclaircir, pr.p. eclaircissant, from / = L. ex, out, and clair — L. clams, clear.] Eclat, e-kla', n. a striking effect : applause : splendour. [Fr. eclat, from O. Fr. esc later, to break, to shine ; from the Tent, root of Ger. schlassen, to break ; cog. with E. slit.] Eclectic, ek-lek'tik, adj., electing or choosing out : picking oiit. — n. one who selects opinions from different systems. — adv. Eclec'ticaUy. [Gr. eklektikos — ek, out, lego, to choose.] Eclecticism, ek-lek'ti-sizm. n. the practice of an eclectic : the doctrine of the Eclectics, certain philosophers who profess to choose from all systems the parts they think true. Eclipse, e-klips', n. the interception of the li?ht of one celestial body by anotlier : loss of bril- liancy : darkness. — v.t. to hide a luminous body wholly or in part : to darken : to throw into the shade, surpass. [Fr.— L. cclipsis~Gr. ekleipsis —ekleipo, to fail— f/6, out, leipo, to leave.] Ecliptic, e-klip'tik, n. the line in which eclipses take place, the apparent path of the sun round the earth : a great circle on the globe corre- sponding to the celestial ecliptic. — adj. pertain- ing to the ecliptic. [Gr. ekleiptikos.] Eclogue, ek'log, «. a pastoral poem. [L. ecloga — Gr. ekloge, a selection, esp. of poems — ek, and lego, to choose. See Eclectic] Economic, ek-o-nom'ik, Economical, ek-o-nom'- ik-al, ane>ticus, from Gr. oikournene (ge), the inhabited (world) — oikeo, to inhabit.] Eczema, ek'ze-ma,«. an eruptive disease of the skin. [Gr. from ekzeo, I boil out, -ek, out, zed, I boil.] Edacious, e-da'shus, adj. given to eating : glut- tonous.— «r/j'. Eda'ciously.— «. Edacity, e-das'- it-i. [L. edax, edacis — edo, to eat.] Edda, ed'a, «. the name of two Scandinavian books, the one a collection of ancient mytho- logical and heroic songs, the other a prose com- position of the same kind. [Ice. ' great-grand- fate, far; me, her; mine; mote; mute; moBn ; ///en, 145 Eddy mother,' a name given with cood reason to n conccum ol old and venerable ,ra^-root ai; tagewise ej wiz, adv. m the direcuon of the mt:;ner:f "'^'- ^^^^^' """^ Wise-A.S. t£ "^IffiSge" ''-''' ""^'^ '■°™^ ^he .^^.; a Idict^'eMli!;^'' "'^^- '^^ ^'^ ^^ "'^'^«- fL. ^» ed'ifv ^kmiz^^^f--"' ^ ^T^' ^"d>./., to mike.] -I^^m'm^ilj'!''- -'-«ive: improving. Edile, e'dll, «. a Roman magistrate who had the Pdit i^^v P' . ^^- '^;^^^"-«''!^''^, a building.] tend fh'i' "•, i-'" ^''" "l'^' ^^ ^ b°°k : to fuperin- fon ri '^"b;'=^"°" °f = to prepare for publica- T-d ti^ir, '- K ' '■■'^'^'""-<^, out, and ,/«, to give.l Edjtion, e-o,sh un, n. the />nblicatwn of a book E(^tor"Td'r,°' '"P"^' """^ '^^'^ P-""=d at a time.' fcOItor, ed 1-tur, «. one who edits a book or journal.-y-.;«. Ed'itress.-^rf/ Editorial, ed-i- EducateTr"'{-^'^'*°"^"y-«- Ed'itorship i-aucate, edu-kut, v.t. to f./«c^ or drazv out the menta powers of, as a child : to train o each to cultivate any power.-«. Ed'ucator fL ediico, educates.] va,i,ui. ^i,. Education, ed-n-ka'shun, «. the ^r/«,.^W u* or traming as of a ch.ld : instruction: strenXn- Educationist, ed-u-kS'shun-ist, «. one skilled in -:! an^U^.":^to' ieaST^^- ^''- ''""'' '''-'"- 'tS:;^'::;;!i^h-^:"-->"^^^'^-^- Eduction, e-duk'shun, «. the act of educing. Efflorescent ;« Eductor e-duk tor, «. he or that which educes. I-' ": a we 1-known fish, with a slimy bodv hving chiefly in mud. l.^V.-S. a:/.- Ger ™J/ "kfr! £. en, en, a contraction ol Even. E er, ar, a contraction of Ever tnace, ef.fas', 7/.^. to destroy the y«f<. or «<^/«,v. « pte '° '^i°' °^ ^""^ ""' ■■ to wear awafl «. Efface'ment. [Fr. eJhcer~L. ef~ex from, nnd><:/V.r, the face.] ^^ '^■^• tnect, ef-fekt', ,1. the result of an action ■ imores t:nded'-°';;l= r'"^^ '^'^ consequenc?T,^. tended .-// goods : property.— i/./. to produce • to accomplish. fL. efficil, cffect.an, ?o ac^ m'At'Vf out, and./../., 'todo or make ] Effect on 'efr^^'^'^'' '^■^"'^' ""^y '^^ '^f'^cted. inection, ef-fek'shun, «. :^doi,ii:: creation : (p-^w/ 1 the construction of a proposition. ''^ ^ Effective, ef-fek'tiv, adj. having power to effect • sSirerv ''"^i^r T'"' = ^^^--'^le---'^^^ i.nec lively.— «. Effec'tiveness. Effectual ef-fek'tn-al, adj. producing an effect- Effec'tuall/™'^"'^'"^ "^^•^"'-^ rfsult.1.^1- ,=:ivt.^:;-:---^--^^-cfi^ manly, weak: cowardly: voluptuous.-e;.^. to rnake womanish : to unman : to weaken.-t/" Ffffi'r^^'^^.^'^^'"'"^'^--'^^^- Effeminately.-; ■ Effemmateness. [L. effcmin>^ius, pa.p of effemino, to make womanish-^, sig. change and Jemma, a woman.] '■*"*,<=. anu TS-f '''^"''"' ^'- ^ ^"'■'^'^'^ t'"^ of distinction. [lurk., from modern Or. aphentes-Gr. a^Uhe,. tes, an absolute master.] ««^««i Effervesce, ef-fer-ves', z,./. to boil up: to bubble and hiss : to froth up.-^^y. Effervesclble [L Effervescent ef-fer-ves'ent, «^y., boilingor bubb- vefo'en^e '^'^^"^^s^'^^"' °f gas.f;.. Effer- ^ff*!;^';'^^''' '"^^- ^''hausted: worn out with age [L. effetus weakened by having brought fonh ESfous^ef"fi'L^^/r " bringini forth ^oung f imcacious, ef-fi-ka'shus, adj. able to produce the result mtended.-«^z.. Effica'CiOUsly -« Effl ca'Clousness. [L. efficax-efficio.] ™' Efficacy, ef'h-ka-si, n. virtue : fnergy Efficience, ef-fish'ens. Efficiency, ef-fish'n-si n power to produce the result intended. des?red'r''''r,'''"^' ""''■ ^^^^'^'^ "^ P^^ucing the des red result : effective.-,,, the person or thin? that effects. -«,fo. E^c'iently.^ n.. efficilnf thIClaf'"- ^ ^'^'"''' "''■ftsnre of a person : he head or impression on a coin: re.sembl.ance Efflore-^r/fY^'"^^^-"^ inten.,>«^., to form ] imoresce, ef-flo-res , v.i. to blossom forth • (f//cw ) to become covered with a white dust: to form minute crystals. [L.-.y; forth, 7?^...r^ to b™ V^V^ blossom-7?^^^.-;?.^, a flower.] Efflorescence, ef-flo-res'ens, ' «. production of ^k1n'-7h' 'Y '""" °f flowering: a redness of the su ?aceo'f bn7'"°" °/ ^- ^'^"^ P^^'^'^'- °" 'he surface of bodies, or of minute cri'stals Efflorescent, ef-flo-res'ent, adj f?rmfng a white threads" fL ^i"""'"" ^ ^'°°''"S ""° -hi^: <^e, far ; me. her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; moon : ^/;en. Iiffluenoe Effluence, tf'floo-ens, «. n flowing out : that which flows from any body : issue. Effluent, el'floo-eiit, adj., flowing 07U. — «. a stream that floivs out 0/ another stream or lake. [L. cflufiis, 'I'liti's, pr.p. of effliio — ef {=:: ex), out, fluo, to flow.] Effluyium, ef-floO'vi-um, «. minute particles that flovj out from bodies : disagreeable vapours ris- ing from decay%ig matter : — pt. Effluvia, ef- floo'vi-a.— «(?>•. Effluvial. [l..—efJluo.\ Efflux, ef'fluks, n. act of flo^viug out : that which flows out. [L. effluo, efflu.riiin."\ Effort, effort, n, a putting fortJi of strength: attempt : struggle. [L. ef{=- ex), out, forth, and fort is, strong.] Effrontery, ef-frunt'er-i, n. shamelessness : impu- dence. [O. Fr. — V,. epTrons^cffrontis — ef[ = ex\ forth, and froiis, /rontis, the forehead. See Front.] Effulgence, ef-ful'jens, «. great lustre or bright- ness : a flood of light. Effulgent, ef-ful'jent, acij , s/ii>n'ng forth : ex- tremely bright: splendid.— «(?i'. Efful'gently. [L. efl'ulgens, -entis—ef [=^ ex), out, and fulgco, to shine.] Effuse, ef-fQz', v.t. to pour otit: to pour forth, as words : to shed. [L. efltmdo, effuszis—ef ( = ex], out, a.nd/undo, to pour.] Effusion, ef-fu'zhun, «. act of pouring out: that which is poured out or forth. Effusive, ef-fu'ziv, adj., pouring forth abund- antly : gushing.— at^z/. Effu'sivcly. — n. Effu'- siveness. Eft, eft, 71. a kind of lizard : a newt. [A.S. efete, perh. akin to Gr. ophis, a serpent. Sans, apada a reptile — a, neg., and/^rf, a foot. See Newt.] Egg, eg, n. an oval body laid by birds and certain c'her animals, from which their young are pro- duced : anything shaped like an egg. [A.S. c^g ; cog. with Ice. egg, Ger. ei, L. ovum, Gr. oon. See OvaL] Egg. eg, v.t. to instigate. [Ice. eggja — egg, an edge ; cog. with A.S. ecg. See Edge.] Eglantine, eg'lan-tin, «. a name given to the sweetbrier, and some other species of rose, whose branches are covered with sharp prickles. [Fr. egiatttine, formerly aiglantier, from an O. Fr. form aiglent-, as if from a L. aculentus, prickiy — acuieus, dim. of acus, a needle — root ak, sharp.] Egoism, e'go-izm or eg'-, «. an excessive love of o?!e's self: the doctrine of the Egoists. [L. ego, I.] . Egoist, e'go-ist or eg'-, w. one who thinks too much of himself : one of a class of philosophers who doubt everything but their own existence. Egotise, e'got-Iz or eg'-, v.i. to talk much of one's self. Egotism, e'got-izm or eg'-, «. a frequent use of the pronoun /; speaking much of ones self: self-exaltation. Egotist, e'got-ist or eg'-, n. one full of egotism. Egotistic, e-got-ist'ik or eg-, Egotistical, e-got- ist'ik-al or eg-, adj. shewing egotistn: self-im- portant: conceited. — adzi. Egotistically. Egregious, e-gre'ji-us, adj. prominent : distin- guished, in a bad sense. — adv. Egre'giOUSly. — n. Egre'giousness. [L. egregius, chosen out of the flock — e, out of, grex, gregis, a flock. Cf. Gregarious.] Egress, egres, 71.. act of going out: departure: the power or right to depart. [L. egredior, «gressus — e, out, forth, and gradior-, to go. Cf. Grade.] Elapse Egyptian, e-jip'shi-an, adj. belonging to EgyP>t. — «. a native of Egypt : a gypsy. [L. A£gypti7{s — Aigypius, Egypt, Gr. Aigyptos.'\ Egyptology, e-jip-tol'o-ji, n. the science of Egyp- tian antiquities. — «. Egy^tol'ogist. [Egypt, and Gr. logos, discourse.] Eh, a, int. expressing inquiry or slight surprise. Eider, I'der, Eider-duck, I'der-duk, n. a kind of seaduck, found chiefly in northern regions, and sought after for its fine down. [Ice. cedr, an eider-duck.] . [duck. Eider-down, I'der-down, «. the down of the eider- Eidograph, T'do-graf, n. an instrument for copy- ing drawings. [Gr. eidos, form, and grapho, to write.] Eight, at, adj. twice four. — n. the figure (8) de- noting eight. [A. S. eahta ; .Scot, aucht, Ger. acht, Gael, ochd, L. octo, Gr. oktd. Sans, ashtan.] Eighteen, at' en, adj. and v., eight a.nd ten: twice nine. [Orig. eight-teen.] [decimo. Eighteenmo, at'en-mo, adj. and n. See Octo- Eighteenth, at'enth, adj. and u. next in order after the seventeenth. Eightfold, at'fold, adj. eight times any quantity. Eighth, at'th, adj. next in order after the seventh. — n. an eighth part. [Orig. eight-th.] Eighthly, at'th-li, adv. in th« eighth place. Eightieth, at'i-eth, adj. and n. the eighth tenth : next after the seventy-ninth. Eighty, at'i, adj. and n., eight times ten: four- score. [A.S. eahta, and tig, ten.] Either, e'ther or I'ther, adj. or pro/t. the one or the other: one of two : [B.) each of two. — conj. I correlative to Or: {B.) or. [A.S. cegther, a contr. of ceghwcther = A, : puffed up with suc- cess. — v.t. to raise or e.\ait: to elevate: to m.ake proud. —rtrfo. Elat'edly.— ?/. Elat'edness. [L. elatiis — e, \\\\, out, and laius, from root of toiio. Cf. Dilate and Tolerate.] Elation, e-la'shun, ?i. pride resulting from suc- cess : a puffing up of the mind. EltOW, el'bo, «. the joint where the «?-;« bows or bends : any sharp turn or bend. — v.t. to push with the elbow : to encroach on. [A.S. clboga — eln = L. idna, the arm, boga, a bow or bend — biigan, to bend. See Ell ; also Bow, «. and v.t.'\ Elbow-room, el'bO-room, n., roojii to extend the elbows : space enough for moving or acting. Eld, eld, «. old age, antiquity. [A.S. teld, from eald,o\A. See Old.] Elder, eld'er, n. a Small tree with a spongy pith, bearing useful purple berries. [A.S. ellcrn ; it is perh. the same as Alder.J Elder, eld'er, adj. older : having lived a longer time : prior in origin. — ?t. one who is older : an ancestor : one advanced to office on account of age : one of the office-bearers in the Presbyterian Church. [A.S. yldra, comp. oi cald, old. [Cf. Alderman and Did.] [on old age. Elderly, eld'er-li, adj. somewhat old : bordering Eldership, eld'er-ship, 71. state of being older : the office of an elder. [superl. oi eald.] Eldest, eld'est, adj. oldest. [A.S. yldesta. Elect, e-lekt', v.t. to choose out: to select for any office or purpose : to select by vote. [L. eligo, elcctus — e, out, Irgo, to choose.] Elect, e-lekt', adj., chosen : taken by preference from among others : chosen for an office but not yet in it. — ?/. one chosen or set apart. — The elect [theol.), those chosen by God for salvation. Election, e-lek'shun, n. the act of electing or dioosing: the public choice of a person for office : freewill : (tlieol.) the predetermination of certain persons as objects of divine mercy : {B.) those who are elected. Electioneering, e-lek-shun-er'ing, fi. (also used as adj.) the soliciting of votes and other busi- ness of an election. Elective, e-lekt'iv, adj. pertaining to, dependent on, or exerting the power of choice. — adv. Elecfively. Elector, e-lekt'or, ft. one who elects : one who has a vote at an election : the title formerly belong- ing to those princes and archbishops of the German Empire who had the right to elect the Emperor. -^;«. Elect'ress. Electoral, e-lekt'or-al, adj. pertaining to elections or to electors : consisting of electors. ■--.'■ Electorate, e-lekt'or-at, n. the dignity or the territory of an elector. Electric, e-lek'trik. Electrical, e-lek'trik-al, ad;'. having the property of attracting and repelling light bodies when rubbed : pertaining to or pro- duced by electricity. — «. any electric substance : ■ a non-conductor of electricity, as amber, glass, &.c. — adv. Elec'trically. [L. electntm — Gr. elektroH, amber, in which the above property was first observed. ] Element ' Electrician, e-lek-trish'yan, «. one who studies, or is versed in, the science of electricity. Electricity, c-lck-tris'i-ti, H. the property of I attracting and repelling light bodies : the science I which investigates the phenoinena and laws of this property. [See Electric] I Electrify, e-lek'tri-fl, v.t. to communicate elec- I tricity to: to excite suddenly: to astonish: — j>a./>. elec'trified.— rtr//. Eleclrlfiable.— w. Elec- trifica'tion. [L. eleciru7n,/ncio, to make.] Electro-dynamics, e-lek'tro-di-nam'iks, «. the branch of physics which treats of the action of electricity. Electro-kinetics, e-lek'tro-kin-et'iks, «. that branch of science which treats of electricity in motion. [See Kinetics. ] Electrolysis, e-Iek-trol'i-sis, «. the process of chemi- cal decompositioji by electricity. [Gr. elektron, lysis, dissolving — lyo, to loose, dis.solve.] Electro-magnetism, e-lek'tro-mag'net-izm, «. a branch of science which treats of the relation of electricity to magnetism. Electro-metallurgy, e-lek'tro-met'al-ur-ji, «. a name given to certain processes by which electricity is applied to the working of metals, as in electroplating and electrotyping. Electrometer, e-lek-trom'e-ter, «. an instrument for tiieasuring the quantity of electricity. [Gr. elektron, and metfoii, a measure.] Electroplate, e-lek'tro-plat, v.t. to //a/^ or cover with a coating of metal by electricity. Electroscope, e-lek'tro-skOp, ». an instrument for detecting the presence of electricity in a body and the nature of it. [Gr. elektron, and skoped, to examine.] Electro-statics, e-lek'tro-stat'iks, n. that branch of science which treats of electricity at rest. [Gr. elektron, and StatiCS.] Electrotype, e-lek'tro-tip, «. the art of copying an engraving or tyj>e on a metal deposited by electricity. Electuary, e-lek'tu-ar-i, n. a composition ol medicinal powders with honey or sugar. [Low L. electitariu7n, a medicine that dissolves in the mouth — Gr. ekleiktofi — ekleicho, to lick up.] Eleemosynary, el-e-mos'i-nar-i, adj. relating to charity or almsgiving : given in charity. [Gr. eleeinosyfie, compassionateness, alms^^Jli?^, pity See Alms] Elegance, el'e-gans. Elegancy, el'e-gans-i, «. the state or quality of being elegant : the beauty of propriety : neatness : refinement : that which is elegant. [Fr., from L. elegatitia — elegatisil Elegant, el'e-gant, adj. pleasing to good taste : graceful : neat : refined : nice : richly orna- mental.— arfz/. El'egantly. [Fr.— L. elegans, -afitis — eligo, to choose.] Elegiac, el-e-jT'ak or el-e'ji-ak, adj. belonging to elegy : mournful : used in elegies. — n. elegiac verse. — adj. Eleglacal, el-e-jT'ak-al. [L. — Gr. elegeiakos — elegos, a lament.] ElegiSt, el'e-jist, «. a writer o{ elegies. Elegy, el'e-ji, «. a so7tg of 7nourning, a lament : a funeral-song. [Fr. — L. — Gr. elegos, a lament.] Element, el'e-ment, «. a first principle : one of the essential parts of anything : an ingredient : the proper state or sphere of any thing or being : — ■//. the rudiments of anything: [chein.) the simple bodies that have not been decomposed : among the ancients, fire, air, earth, and water, supposed to be the constituents of all things : the bread and wine used at the Communion. [L. ele7nentum, pi. ele7iie7ita, first principles.] l^ lit- (Ger. ent-), away, and loopen = E. leap. See Leap.] Elopement, e-l5p'ment, n. a secret departure, esp. of a woman with a man. Elociuence, el'o-kwens, n. the utterance of strong emotion in correct, appropriate, expressive, and fluent language : the art which produces fine speaking : persuasive speech. Eloquent, el'o-kwent, adj. having the power oi speaking with fluency, elegance, and power : containmg eloquence : persuasive. — adv. El'O- quently. [L. eloqtiens, -entis, pr.p. of eloquor. See Elocution] Else, els, pron. other. — adv. otherwise: besides: except that mentioned. [A.S. elles. otherwise — orig. gen. of el, other ; cf. O. Ger. alles or elles. See Alias.] [other places. Elsewhere, elsTiwar, adv. in another place: in Elucidate, e-lu'si-dat, v. t. to make Incid or clear : to throw light upon : to explain : to illustrate. — tis. Elucida'tion, Elu'cidator. [Low L. elu- cido, ehicidatus — e, intensive, and hicidus, clear. See Lucid.] Elucidative, e-lu'si-da-tiv. Elucidatory, e-Iu'si-da- tor-i, adj. making lucid or clear : explanatory. Elude, e-lud', xi.t. to avoid or escape by strata- gem : to baffle. [L. eludo, elusus — e, out, ludo, to play.] fate, (^ . me, her ; mine mOte . inQte moOn tkn \^i Elusion Embolism Elusion, c-Iu'zhuii, n. act of eluding', escape by iirlil'u c : evasion. £lusiV0, e-lu'siv. adj. practising elusion: decep- tive— ij;/?^. Elu'sively. » Elusory, e-lfi'sor-i, adj. tending to chtde or cheat : evasive : deceitful. Elutriate, e-ln'tri-ut, v.t. to separate (by to«j/»/«^ out with water) the lighter from the lieavier parts of ores, pigments, &c. — «. Elutria'tion. [L. elutrio, fiutriatus, to wash out, to decant — eluo — e, out, and luo, to wash.] Elvan, Elves. Sec under Elfish, Elf. Elysian, e-Hzh'i-an, adj. pertaining to Elysium : exceedingly delightful. Elysium, e-lizh'i-um, «. (niyih.) the abode of the blessed after death : any delightful place. [L. — Gr. elysion{pedio>i\, the Elysian (plain).] Emaciate, e-ma'shi-ut, v.t. to make meagre or lean: to deprive of Hesh : to waste. — v.i. to become lean : to waste away. [L. einacio, eiiinciatits —e, intensive, itmcio, to make lean — Diaci-cs, leanness. See Meagre. ] Emaciation, e-ina-shi-a'shun, «. the condition of becoming emaciated or lean : leanness. Emanate, em'a-nat, v.i. io Jloiu out or /rom : to proceed from some source : to arise. [L. e»ta>to, einatiatus — e, out from, iiiaiio, to flow.] Emanation, em-a-na'shun, n. :\. JloT.viitg out from a source : that which issues or proceeds from some source. — adj. Em'anative. Emancipate, c-man'si-pat, n.t. to set free from servitude : to free from restraint or bondage of any kind. — «. Eman'cipator. [L. e, away from, and tnaiicipare, to transfer property — ntanceps, viancipis, one who gets or acquires property, {tit.) who takes by the hand, from })ianiis, tlie hand, capio, to take.] Emancipation, e-man-si-pa'shun, ti. the act of setting free from bondage or disability of any kind : the state of being set free. Emancipationist, e-man-si-pa'shun-ist, n. an ad- vocate of the emancipation of slaves. Emasculate, e-mas'ku-lat, v.t. to deprive of the properties of a 7?iale : to castrate : to deprive of luaseuline vigour: to render effeminate. — >i. Emascula'tidn. [Low L. emasculo, emasciilatus — (', priv., and vtasctdus, dim. oi mas, a male.] Embalm, em-bam', v.t. to preserve from decay by aromatic drugs, as a dead body : to per- fume : to preserve with care and affection. — tis. Embalm'er, Embalm'ing. [Fr. embaumer, from em, in, and baume. See Balm.] Embank, em-bangk', v.t. to inclose or defend with a ba7ik or dike. [Coined from em, in, and Bank.] Embankment, em-bangk'ment, n. the act of em- banking : a bank or mound. Embarcation. Same as Embarkation. Embargo, em-bar'go, «. a prohibition of ships to leave port : a stoppage of trade for a short time by authority :—//. Embar'goes.— ii.^ to lay an embargo on : — pr.p. embar'going ; pa. p. embar'- goed. [Sp. — embargar, to impede, to restrain — Sp. em, in, and barra, a bar. See Barricade, and Embarrass.] Embark, em-bark', v.t. to put on board a bark or ship : to engage in any affair. — v.i. to go on board ship : to engage in a business : to enlist. [Fr. embarqjier, horn em, in, and barque. See Bark, a barge.] Embarkation, em-bar-ka',shun, n. a putting or going on board : that which is embarked. Embarrass, em-bar'as, v.t. to encumber : to involve in difficulty, esp. in money-matters : to perplex : [lit.) to put a bar or difficulty in tlie way of. I [Fr. eiidarrasser — Fr. c»i, ni, and (through 1 I'rov. barras) Fr. barre, a bar. See Bar.] ' Embarrassment, em-bar'as-ment, «. perple.xity or I confusion : difficulties in money-matters. Embassy, em'bas-i, ti. the charge or function of an atiibassiidor : the person or persons sent on an embassy. [Low L. ainbascia. See Ambas- sador.] Embattle, em-bat'l, v.t. to furnish with battle- ments. \_Ein aud () Fr. bastiller, from the same root as Battlement, BastiUe, and Baste, to sew. The form of this word is due to a con- fusion witli E. Battle.] Embattle, em-bat'l, v.t. to range in order of battle. [Coined from em, in, and Battle.] Embay, em-bii', v.t. to inclose in a bay ; to land- lock. [Ejh, in, into, and Bay.] Embed. Same .as Imbed. Embellish, em-bel'ish, v.t. to make beautiful with ornaments : to decorate : to make grace- ful : to illustrate pictorially, as a book. — «. Embell'lsher. [Fr. cmbeiUr, embellissant — em, in, bet, beau, beautiful. See Beau.] Embellishment, em-bel'ish-ment, n. act of em- bellishing or adorning : decoration : ornament. Ember-days, em'ber-daz, n.pl. in R. Catholic and English Church, three Fast-daj's in each quarter. [A. S. yitibrine, orig. sig. a running round or c'lTcmt—ymbe, round (Ger. utn, L. ainbi-), and ryue, a running, from rinnan, to run.] Embers, em'berz, n.pl. red-hot ashes : the smouldering remains of a fire. [A.S. emyrian; Ice. eimyrja. The b is excrescent.] Embezzle, em-bezl, V. t. to waste or dissipate : to appropriate fraudulently what has been intrusted. —ti. Embezz'ler. [Perh. from root of Imbecile, the primary sense being to weaken, waste ; [obs.) bezzle, to squander, is the same word, the first syllable being dropped.] Embezzlement, em-bez'1-ment, «. fraudulent ap- propriation of another's property by the person to whom it was intrusted. Embitter. See Imbitter. Emblazon, em-bla'zn, v.i. to deck in blazing colours : Uier.) to blazon or adorn with figures. — «. Embla'zonment, an emblazoning. \_Em and Blazon.] Emblazonry, em-bla'zn-ri, n. the art of emblazon- ing or adorning : devices on shields. Emblem, em'blem, n. a picture representing to the mind something different from itself: a type or symbol. [Lit. something inserted in a surface as ornament ; Fr. embleme — L. emblema, inlaid work — Gr. — em (= en), in, ballo, to lay, to cast.] Emblematic, em-blem-atik. Emblematical, em- blem-at'ik-al, adj. pertaining to or containing ^;«^/i?;«j; representing. — sa'z/.Emblemat'ically. Embloom, em-bloom', v.t. to cover or enrich with bloom. [Etn, in, and Bloom.] Embodiment, em-bod'i-ment, «. act of embody- ing : state of being embodied. Embody, em-bod'i, v.t. to form into a body: to make corporeal : to make tangible. — v.i. to unite in a body or mass. [Em, in, and Body.] Emboguing, em-bOg'ing, n. the mouth of a river. [See Disembogue.] Embolden, em-bold'n, v.t. to make bold or coura- geous. [Aw, to make, and Bold.] Embolism, em'bo-lizm, n. the insertion of days, months, or years in an account of time to pro- duce regularity : (jned.) the presence of ob- structing clots in the blood-vessels. — adjs. Em- bolism'al, Embolism'iC. [Fr.— Gr. embolismos — etnballo, to cast in. See Emblem.] IfiO fate, far ; mc, her , mine ; iQOte ; mute ; mOOn ; thai. Emborder Emborder, em-bord'er, v.t. to border. Embosom, em-booz'um, v.t. to take into the bosom : to receive into the affections : to inclose or surround. {Ein, in, into, and Bosom.] Emboss, em-bos', iKt. to form bosses or protuber- ances upon : to ornament with raised-work. — n. Embosser. \E}n, in, into, and BOSS.] Embossment, em-bos'mcnt,' It. a prominence like a boss : raised-work. Smbouchuro, em-boo-shCJor'. «. the viouth of a river, of a cannon, i^c. : the mouth-hole of a wind musical instrument. [Fr. — eiii-boucher, to put to the mouth. See Debouch, Debouchure.] EmtaOW, em-bo', v.t., v.t. to bo7u or arch. [Em and Bow.] Embowel, em-bow'el, v.t. properly, to inclose in something else ; but also used for disembowel, to remove the entrails from :^/*;-./. embow'el- ling; J>a./>. embow'elled.— «. EmbOW'elment. [Em, in, into, and Bowel.] Embower, em-bow'er, z'.t. to place in a bower: to shelter, as with trees. [Em, in, and Bower.] Embrace, em-bras', v.t. to take in the. artns : to press to the bosom with affection : to take eagerly or willingly : to comprise : to admit or receive. — 21. i. to join in an embrace. — «. an em- bracing : fond pi sssure in the arms. [O. Fr. e>n- bracer (mod. Fr. embrasser) — em, L. in, in, into, and bras — L. brackiuni, an arm. See Brace.] Embrasure, em-bra'zhur, n. a door or window with the sides slanted on the inside : an opening in a wall for cannon. [Fr., properly, an opening through which a gun may be fired — embraser, to set on fire, from the O. Ger. bras, fire. See Brasier and Brass.] Embrocate, em'bro-kat, v.t. to moisten and rub, as a sore with a lotion. [Low L. embroco, einbrocaius, from Gr. embroche, a lotion — em- breclw, to soak in — em (= eti), in, into, brecho, to wet.] Embrocation, em-bro-ka'shun, 71. act of embro- cating : the lotion used. Embroider, em-broid'er, v.t. to ornament with designs in needle-work, orig. on the border. — n. Embroid'erer. [Em, on, and Fr. broder, an- other form o{ border — bord, edge. See Border.] Embroidery, em-broid'er-i, n. the act or art of embroidering : ornamental needle-work : varie- gation or diversity : artificial ornaments. Embroil, em-broil', v.t. to involve in a broil, or in perplexity : to entangle : to distract : to throw into confusion. [Fr. embroiiiller — em, in, and lironiller, to break out. See Broil, «.] Embroilment, em-broil'ment, n. a. state of per- plexity or confusion : disturbance. Embryo, em'bri-O, Embryon, em'bri-on, «. the young of an animal in its earliest stages of development : the part of a seed whic-h forms the future plant : the beginning of anything : — //. Em'bryos, Em'bryons.— .) now Hemorrhoids. Emersion, e-mer'shun, n. act o{ emerging : (asir.) the reappearance of a heavenly body after being eclipsed by another or by the sun's bright- ness. Emery, em'er-i, n. a very hard mineral, used as powder iox polishing, &c. [Fr. emeri, emeril — It. smeriglio — Gr. smeris — smao, to smear.] Emetic, e-met'ik, adj. causing vomiting. — n, a medicine that causes vomiting. [Through L., from Gr. emetikos— emeo, to vomit. See Vomit. J Emeu. Same as Emu. Emigrant, em'i-grant, adj. emigrating or having emigrated. — n. one who emigrates. [L. eini- grans, -antis, pr.p. oi emigro.\ Emigrate, em'i-grat, z'.i. to migrate or remove from one's native country to another. — n. Emi- gra'tion. [L. emigro, emigratus — e, from, migro, to remove.] Eminence, em'i-nens, n, a part eminent or rising above the rest : a rising-ground : height : dis- tinction : a title of honour. Eminent, em'i-nent, adj., rising above others : conspicuous ; distinguished : exalted in rank or office. — adzK Em'inently. [L. eminens, -entis. pr.p. oi emineo — e, out, tnineo, to project.] Emir, e'mir, «. a Turkish title given esp. to de- scendants of Mohammed. [Ar. amir ; cog. with Heb. amar, to command. Doublet, Ameer.] Emissary, em'is-ar-i, n. one sent out on a secret mission : a spy : an underground channel by which the water of a lake escapes. — adj. same as Emissory. [L. emissanus — emitto.] Emission, e-mish'un, Jt. the act of emitting : that which IS issued at one time. [Einissus — emitto.] Emissory, e-mis'or-i, adj. (cuiat. ) conveying ex- cretions from the body. [Einissus — emitto.} Emit, e-mit', v.t. to send out: to throw or give out ; to issue : — pr.p. emitt'ing ; pa.p. emitt ed. [L. emitto, emisszts — e, out of, mitto, to send.] Emmet, em'et, n. the ant. [A. S. cemete : cog. with Ger. ameise ; perh. also with Ger. emsig, diligent, Ice. ami; work. Ant is a contr.] EmolUate, e-mol'i-at, v.t. to so/ten: to render effeminate. [L. emollio, cmollitus — e, inten- sive, and mollio, to soften — mollis, soft.] Emollient, e-mol'yent, adj., softening: making supple. — 11. {med.) a substance used to soften the tissues. [L. einolliens, -entis, pr.p. oi emollio.} Emolument, e-mol'u-ment, n. advantage : profit arising from employment, as salarj' or fees. [Fr. — L. einolumentnin, for emolimentum — emolior, to work out — e, sig. completeness, and molior, to exert one's self, to toil : or from L. emolere — e, and inolere, to grind, thus sig. first, the produce of a mill, then, any profit.] Emotion, e-mO'shun, n. a moving of the feelings ' agitation of mind. [L. eniotio — emoz'eo, emottis, to stir up, agitate — e, forth, and nioveo, to move.] fate, far; me, her; mine; mOte ; mute: moon; ^Aen. 161 Emotional Enceinte Emotional, e-mO'shun-al, adj. pertaining to emotion. Empalo, cm-pfil', v.f. to fence in with fales or stakes : to shut in : to put to death by spittini; on a stake. -«. Empale'ment. \.Em, in, on, and Pale, a stake. J Empannel. Same as Impannel. Empark. Same as Impark. Emperor, em'pcr-or, n. one ruHng an empire. — fi-m. Empress. (Kr. evtpercur — L. impcraior {fcMi. hii/>,'ratrix), a commander — impero, to coinniand.J Emphasis, em'fa-sis, «. stress of the voice on par- ticular words or syllables to make the mcaninc; clear: impressiveness of expression or weight of thouijht :— /^. Em'phases, -sez. [Gr.—e»i (=^«), in, into, and //lasis—p/uii), phaino, to shew, to make clear. See Phase.] Emphasise, em'fa-slz, v.t. to make emphatic. Emphatic, em-fat'ik, Emphatlcal, em-fat'ik-al, oiij. uttered with or requiriuij emphasis: for- cil)le : impressive. — aii^i. Emphat'ically. [Or. empha ( « ) tikos —emphasis.] Empire, em'pir, «. supreme control or dominion : the territory under the dominion of an emperor. [Fr. — Jj. itupcriuin — impero, to command.] Empiric, em-pir'ik, Empirical, em-pir'ik-al, adj. resting on trial or experiment : known only by experience. [Fr. — L. empiriciis, from Gr. ein- peirikos = empeiros — em, in, a.nA peira, a trial.] Empiric, em-pir'ik, n. one who makes trials or experiments : one whose knowledge is got from experience only : a quack. — adv. Empirically. Empiricism, em-pir'i-sizm, n. (phil.) the system which, rejecting all a priori knowledge, rests solely on experience and induction : dependence of a physician on his experience alone without a regular medical education : the practice of medi- cine without a regular education : quackery. Employ, em-ploy*, v.t. to occupy the time or attention of: to use as a me.ans or agent. — it. .a poetical form of Employment.— «. Employ'er. [Fr. employer — L. implicare, to infold — iji, in, and pHco, to fold. Imply and Implicate are parallel forms.] Employe, em-ploy'a, n. one who is employed. \Yx. employe, pa. p. o{ employer. See Employ.] Employment, em-ploy'ment, «. act of employing : that which engages or occupies : occupation. Emporium, em-po'ri-um, n. a place to which goods are extensively collected from various parts for sale : a great mart. [L. — Gr. emporion — emporos, a trader — em (= en), in, z.nd. poros, a way. See Fare.] [and Power.] Empower, em-pow'er, v.t. to give power to. \E}n Empress. See Emperor. Emptiness, em'ti-nes, n. state of being empty : want of substance : unsatisfactoriness. Empty, em'ti, adj. having nothing in it : unfur- nished : without effect : unsatisfactory : want- ing substance. — v.t. to make empty: to deprive of contents. — v.i. to become empty: to dis- charge its contents : — pa.p. em'ptied. [A.S. amtig, empty — cemta, leisure, rest. The p is excrescent.] Empurple, em-pur'pl, v.t. to dye or tmge pnrple. \Ein and Purple.] Empyema, em-pi-e'ma, n. a collection of pits in the chest. [Gr. — em {=zen), in, and pyon, pus.] Empyreal, em-pir'e-al, adj. formed of pure fire or light : pertaining to the highest and purest region of heaven. [Coined from Gr. empyj-os, in fire — ein (= en), in, anA pyr, fire. See Fire.] Empyrean, em-pi-re'an, adj., etnpyreal. — n. the highest heaven, where the pure element t, in, and cingo, cinctus, to gird.] Enceinte, ang-sengt', adj. pregnant, with child. [Fr. — L. incincta, girt about — incingo, cinctiis, to gird in, gird about — iti, and cingo. Cf Cinc- ture.] US (ate, fai . me, her ; mTne : mOte ; mute ; moon ; the.Ti Enohaln Endurable Enchain, en-chan', XKt. to put in chains : to hold fast : to link together.— «. Enchain'ment. [Kr. encliainer — eii, and chaine, a chain — L. catena.^ Enchant, en-cliant', v.t. to act on by songs or rhymed formulas of sorcery : to charm : to de- light in a high degree. [Fr. enchanter — L. incantare, to sing a magic formula over — in, on, canto, to sing. See Chant.] Enchanter, en-chant'er, n. one who enchants : a sorcerer or magician : one who charms or de- lights.^/2'w. Enchant'ress. Enchantment, en-chant'ment, n. act of enchant- ing : use of magic arts : that which enchants. Enchase, en-chas', v.t. to fix in a border : to adorn with raised or embossed work. [Fr. enchasser — en, in. chctssis, caisse, a case. See Chase, //., also Case, a covering. Chase, v.t. is a contr.] Encircle, en-serk'l, v.t. to inclose in a circle: to embrace : to pass around. [En, in, and Circle.] Enclave, ang'-klav, «. a territory entirely inclosed within the territories of another power. [Fr.- — L. in, and clavus, a key.] Enclitic, en-klit'ik, adj. that inclines or leans upon. — n. (gram.) a word or particle which always follows another word, and is so united with it as to seem a part of it. [Gr. cnglditikos — en, in, klino, to bend, cog. with E. Lean.] Enclose, en-klOz*. Same as Inolose. Encomiast, en-ko'mi-ast, n. one who praises, or one who utters or writes encomiums. [Gr. eng- kd7niastes — engkdinion.'\ ■ Encomiastic, en-ko-mi-as'tik, Encomiastical, en- ko-mi-as'tik-al, adj. containing encomituns or praise : bestowing praise. — adv. Encomias'- tically. [Gr. engkomiastikos — engkdinion. ] Encomium, en-ko'mi-um, «. high commendation : — pi. Enco'miums. [L. — Gr. engkomion, a song of praise — en, in, iomos, festivity.] Encompass, en-kum'pas, v.t. to compass or go round : to surround or inclose. — n. Encom'pass- ment. [£n, in, and Compass.] Encore, ang-kor', adv. again : once more.— z'.^. to call for a repetition of. [Fr. (It. ancora) — L. {in) hanc horain, till this hour, hence = still.] Encounter, en-kownt'er, zi.t. to run coujiter to or against: to meet face to face, esp. unexpect- edly : to meet in contest : to oppose. — «. a meet- ing unexpectedly : an interview : a fight. [O. Fr. encontrer — L. itt, in, and contra, against.] Encourage, en-kur'aj, v.t. to put courage in : to inspire with spirit or hope: to incite. — «. En- cour'ager.— a^z». Encour'agingly. [Fr. en- courager — en, to make, and courage. See Courage.] Encouragement, en-kur'aj-ment, n. act of en- couraging : that which encourages or incites. Encrinal, en-krl'nal, EncrlniC, en-krin'ik, En- crinit'iC, Encrinit'ical, adj. relating to or con- taining encriniies. Encrinite, en'kri-nit, n. the stone-//i?j' ; a fossilised animal on a long stem or stalk, with a lily- shaped head. [Gr. en, in, and kritton, a lily.] Encroach, en-kroch', v.i. to seize on the rights of others : to intrude : to trespass. — n. Encroach'er. —adv. Encroach'ingly. [Formed from Fr. en, and croc, a hook ; cf. accrocher [ad and cracker), to hook up. See Crochet, Crotchet, and Crook. ] Encroachment, en-kroch'ment, n. act of encroach- ing : that which is taken by encroaching. Encrust, en-krust'. Same as Incrust. Encumber, en-kum'ber, V. t, to impede the motion of, with something cmnbrotis : to embarrass : to load with debts. [Fr. enconibrer, from en- and combrer. See Cumber.] Encumbrance, en-kum'brans, n. that v/hich en. cumbers or hinders : a legal claim on an estate. Encyclical, en-sik'lik-al, adj. sent 70iind to many persons or places, as an encyclical letter of the Pope. [Gr. engkyklios — en, in, and kyklos, a circle.] [Same as Cyclopasdia. Encyclopaedia, Encyclopedia, en-si-klo-pe'di-a, «. Encyclopedian, en-sl-klo-pe'di-an, adj. embracing the whole circle of learning. Encyclopedic, en-si-klu-ped'ik, Encyclopedical, en-sl-klo-ped'ik-al, adj. pertaining to an encyclo- pedia. Encyclopedist, en-sl-klo-pe'dist, n. the compiler or one who assists in the compilation of an encyclopedia. _ [bag. [En, in, and Cyst.] Encysted, en-sist'ed, adj. inclosed in a cyst or End, end, n. the last point or portion : termina- tion or close : death : consequence : object aimed at : a fragment. — v. t. to bring to an end : to destroy. -rrz/.z'. to come to an end : to cease. [A.S. ende ; Ger. and Dan. ende, Goth, andeis ; Sans, anta ; also akin to L. prefix ante- and Gr. anti-.'\ Endamage, en-dam'aj, v.t. (B.) same as Damage. Endanger, en-dan'jer, v.t. to place in danger: to expose to loss or injury. [En, in, and Danger.] Endear, en-der', v.t. to make dear or more dear. [En, to make, and Dear.] Endearment, en-der'ment, n. act of endearing : state of being endeared ; that which excites or increases affection. Endeavour, en-dev'ur, v.i. to strive to accom- plish an object: to attempt or try. — v.t. (Pr. Bk.) to exert.— «. an exertion of power towards some object : attempt or trial. [Fr. en devoir — en, in (with force of 'to do ' or 'make,' as in en-avioiir, en-courage), and devoir, duty. See Devoir.] [agon. Endecagon, en-dek'a-gon, n. Same as Hendec- Endemic, en-dem'ik, Endemical, en-dem'ik-al, Endemial, en-de'mi-al, adj. peculiar to a people or a district, as a disease. — n. a disease of an endemic character. — adv. Endem'ically. [Gr. endejnios—ejt, in, and demos, a people, a district.] Ending, end'ing, 71. termination : [gram. ) the terminating syllable or letter of a word. Endive, en'div, n. a plant of the same genus as chicory, used as a salad. [Fr. — L. ititubus.l Endless, end'les, adj. without end : continual : everlasting : objectless. — adv. Endlessly. — n. Endlessness. Endocardium, en-do-kar'di-um, n. the lining membrane of the heart. — n. Endocarditis, en- do-kar-di'tis, disease thereof. [Gr. endoii, within, and kardia, the heart. See Heart.] Endogen, en'do-jen, «. a plant that grows from ■within, or by additions to the inside of the stem, as the palm, grasses, &c. [Gr. endoti, within, and gen, root oi gignoniai, to be produced.] Endogenous, en-doj'e-nus, adj. increasing like endogens, or by internal growth. Endorse, en-dors'. Same as Indorse. Endow, en-dow', v. t. to give a dowry or marriage- portion to : to settle a permanent provision on : to enrich with any gift or faculty. — «. Endow'er. [Fr. en (= L. z«), and doner, to endow — L. doto. See Dower.] Endowment, en-dow'ment, n. act of endowing : that which is settled on any person or institu- tion : a quality or faculty bestowed on any one. Endue, en-du', an older form of Endow. Endurable, en-dur'a-bl, adj. that can be endured or borne.— ^z-. Endur'ably. — «. Endur'able- ness. fate, far ; me, b6r r mine ; mSte ; mate ; mOOn ,- ihe.n^ 163 Endurance Bnduranoe, en-dur'ans, n. state of enduring or bearing : continuance : a suffering patiently without sinkinc : patience. Endure, en-dur% v.t. to remain firm under: to bear without sinlving — v.i. to remain firm : to last. [Fr. endurer — en (= L. in), and durer, to last. See Dure.] Endwise, end wiz, adv., end ways : on the end : with the end forward. [End and Wise.] Enema, e-ne'ma or en'e-ma, n. a liquid medicine thrown into the rectum : an injection. [Gr. — enieini, to send in — c«, in, and hievti, to send.] Enemy, en'e-mi, «. one who hates or dislikes : a foe : a hostile army [O. Fr. enemi (mod. Fr. enneuti) — L. inimiciis — /«, negative, and avticus, a friend. See Amicable, Amity. ] Energetic, en-er-jet'ik, Energetical, en-er-jet'ik- al, adj. having or shewing <;eia — en, in, and ergon, work; akin to E. Work,] Enervate, en-er'vat, v.t. to deprive of nen'e, strength, or courage: to weaken.— «. Enerva- tion, ener-va'shun. [L. enervo, enervatiis — e, out of, and nervits, a nerve. See Nerve.] Enfeeble, en-fe'bl, v.t. to make feeble : to deprive of strength, to weaken. [Fr. en (= L. in], causative, and E. Feeble.] Enfeeblement, en-fe'bi-ment, n. act of enfeebling or weakening : weakness. Enfeoff, en-fef, v.t. to give a. fief ox feud to: to invest with a possession in fee. [Fr. en (= L. in), and Feoff.] Enfeoffment, en-fef ment, n. act of enfeoffing : the deed which inve-ts with the fee of an estate. Enfilade, en-fi-lad', 71. a line, or straight pas- sage : a situation or a body open from end to end. — Z'.t. to rake with shot through the whole length of a line. [Fr. enfiler — en (= L. in), andj^/, a thread. See File, a line or wire.] Enforce, en-fors', v.t. to gain by force: to give force to : to put in force : to give effect to : to urge. [O. Fr. enforcer — en (= L. in), and force. See Force.] Enforcement, en-fors'ment, n. act of enforcing : compulsion : a giving effect to : that which en- forces Enfranchise, en-fran'chiz, v.t. to give a franchise or political privileges to. [Fr. en (=^ L. in), and E. Franchise.] Enfranchisement, en-fran'chiz-ment, «. act of enfranchising : admission to civil or political privileges. Engage, en-gaj', v.t. to bind by a gage or pVcdge : to render liable : to gain for service: to enlist: to gain over : to win : to occupy : to enter into contest with.— z/. 2'. to pledge one's word : to become bound : to take a part : to enter into conflict. \,Vt:, engager — f« ^rt^^, in pledge. See Gage.] Engagement, en-gaj'ment, «. act of engaging : state of being engaged : that which engages : promise : employment : a fight or battle. Engaging, en-gaj ing, adj. winning : attractive. —adv. Engag'ingly. Engender, en-jen'der, f.^. \.o gender ox \>^z^i: to breed : to sow the seeds of: to produce. — v.i. to be caused or produced. [Fr. enge/idrer — L. ingenerare — in, and genero, to generate. See Genus and Gender.] Engine, en'jin, n. a complex and powerful machine. Enlighten esp. a prime mover : a military machine : any* " ~ [Fr. engin — L. thing used to effect a purpose. ingeniiim. skill. See Ingenious.] Engineer, en-jin-Cr', «. an engine-maker or laax^- ager : one v\ ho directs military works and engines : a Clvll engineer, one who superin- tends the construction of /«i5/zV works. [Grig. enginer.^ Engineering, en-jin-er'ing, «. the art or profession of an engineer. [Gird.] Engird, en-gerd', v.t. to gird round. [En and English, ing'glish, adj. belonging to England or its inhabitants. — n. the language or the people of England. [A.S. Engitsc, from Engle, Angle, from the Angles who settled in Britain.] Engraft. See Ingraft. Engrain, en-gran'. Same as Ingrain. Engrave, en-grav', v.t. to cut out with 3. graver a. representation of anything on wood, steel, &c. : to imprint: to impress deeply. — n. Engrav'er. [Fr. en [— L. in\ and E. Grave.] Engraving, en-grav'ing, «. act or art of cutting designs on metal, wood, or stone : an impression taken from an engraved plate : a print. Engross, en-grOs', v.t. to occupy wholly, mono- polise : to copy a writing in a large hand or in distinct characters. — n. Engross'er. [From Fr. en gros, in large. See Gross.] Engrossment, en-gros'ment, n. act of engrossing : that which has been engrossed : a fair copy. Engulf See Ingulf. Enhance, en-hans', v.t. to raise or heighten : to add to : to increase. [Prov. enansat — enans, forward, formed from L. in ante, before. See Advance.] Enhancement, en-hans'ment, «. act of enhanc- ing : state of being enhanced : increase : aggra- vation. Enigma, en-ig'ma, «. a statement with a -hidden meaning to be guessed : anything very obscure : a riddle. [L. cenigma—fj'c. ainigma, ainigntatos — ainissoiitai, to speak darkly — ninos, a tale.] Enigmatic, en-ig-mat'ik. Enigmatical, en-ig-mat'- ik-al, adj. relating to, containing, or resembling an enigma : obscure : puzzling. — adv. Enlg- mat'lcally. Enlgmatise, en^g'ma-tTz, v.i. to utter or deal in riddles. [tises. Enigmatist, en-ig'ma-tist, «. one who enigma- Enjoin, en-join', v.t. to lay upon, as an order: to order or direct with authority or urgency. [Fr. C'ljoindre — L. injungere — in, and j/ingo. See Join.] Enjoy, en-joy', v.t. to joj/ or delight in : to feel or perceive with pleasure : to possess or use with satisfaction or delight. [Fr. en (= L. in), and joie. See Joy. ] Enjoyment, en-jo^ment, «. state or condition of enjoying : satisfactory possession or use of any- thing : pleasure : happiness. Enkindle, en-kin'dl, v.t. to kindle or set on fire : to rouse. [Fr. e7i (= L. in), and E. Islindle.] Enlarge, en-larj', V t. to make larger: to increase in size or quantity : to expand : to amplify or spread out discourse : (B.) to set at large or free. — v.i. to grow large or larger: to be diffuse in speaking or writing: to expatiate. [Fr. en (= L. in\, and E. Large.] Enlargement, en-larj'ment, «. act of enlarging : state of being enlarged : increase : extension : diffuseness of speech or writing : a setting at large : release. Enlighten, en-lTt'n, v.t. to lighten or shed light on : to make clear to the mind : to impart know- \ 154 fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mute r mSSn : /Aen. Enlightenment iedge to: to elevate by knowledge or religion. | [Fr. en (= L. in), and E. Lighten.] Enlightenment, en-llt n-ment, «. act of enlighten- ing : state of being enlightened. _ _ I Enlist, en-list', v.t. to enrol: to engage in public service : to employ in advancing an object. — v.i. to engage in public service : to enter heartily into a cause. [Fr. en (= L. in), and iiste, E. List.] Enlistment, en-list'ment, n. act of enlisting : state of being enlisted. Enliven, en-lli/n, v.t. to put li/e into: to excite or make active : to make sprightly or cheerful : to animate. — n. Enliv'ener. [Fr. en (= L. in), and E. Life. See also Live. ] Enmity, en'mi-ti, «. the quality of being an enemy: unfriendliness: ill-will: hostility. [Fr. inimitie, from en- (= L. i>i-, negative), and atnitie, amity. See Amity.] Ennoble, en-nO'bl, v.t. to make noble: to elevate : to raise to nobility. [Fr. ennoblir — Fr. en (= L. in], and noble, E. Nohle.] Ennui, ang-nwe', «. a feeling of eariness or dis- gust from satiety, &c. [Fr. ennui— Q. Fr. anoi L. in. od'O, as in odio kabui, (lit.) '1 hold in hatred,' i.e. I am tired of. See Annoy.] Enormity, e-nor'mi-ti, n. state or quality ot being enormous: that which is enormous: a great crime : great wickedness. Enormous, e-nor'mus, adj. excessive : atrocious. adv. Enor'mously. [L. enormis—e, out of, and norma, rule. See Normal.] Enough, e-nuf, adj. sufficient: giving content: satisfying want.— orft'. sufficiently. — n. suffici- ency : as much as satisfies desire or want. [A.S. ge-7ioh, ge-nog; Goth, ga-noks: Ger. ge-nug; Ice. g-nog-r.\ [used as its plural. Enow, e-now', adj. Same as Enough, but often Enquire. See Inquire. Enrage, en-raj', v.i. to make angry or furious. [Fr. enrager—en (= L. in), and rage, E. Rage.] Enrapture, en-rap'tur, v.t. to put in rapture: to transport with pleasure or delight. [Fr. en ( = L. in), and E. Rapture.] Enrich, en-rich', v.t. to make rich: to fertilise: to adorn. [Fr. enrichir—en ( = L. in), and riche, E. Rich.] [that which enriches. Enrichment, en-rich'ment, n. act of enriching: Enrol, en-rol, v.t. to insert in a roll or register: to record: to leave in writing:— ;>r./. enroU'ing; fa.p. enrolled'. [Fr.— ^/i, and ro//?, E. RolL] Enrolment, en-rSl'ment, «. act of enrolling : that in which anything is enrolled : a register. Ensample, en-sam'pl, «. a corr. of Example. Ensconce, en-skons', v.t. to cover or protect, as with a sconce or fort: to hide safely. [Fr. en (= L. in), and E. Sconce.] Enshrine, en-shr!n', v.t. to inclose in or as in a shrine: to preserve with aflfection. [Fr. en (= L. j«), and E. Shrine.] Enshroud, en-shrowd', v.t. to cover with a shroud: to cover up. [Fr. en ( = L. in), and E. Shroud.] Ensign, en'sin, «. the sign or flag distinguishing a nation or a regiment : formerly the junior subal- tern rank of commissioned officers of the British infantry, so called from bearing the colours. [Fr. enseigne -h. insignia, pL of insigne, a distinc- tive mark— «■«, on, signum, a mark.] Ensigncy, en'sln-si, Ensignship, en'sln-ship, «. the rank or commission of an ensign in the army. Ensilage, en'sU-aj, «. the storing of green fodder, &c., m pits. [Fr. — en, and Sp. silo — L — Gr. siros, pit for keeping com in.] Enslave, en-slav', v.t. to make a slave oi; to sub- Enthroniaation ject to the influence of [Fr. en (= L. i^,, to make, and E. Slave.] Enslavement, en-slav'ment, n. act of en'.laving : state of being enslaved : slavery : bondage. Ensnare. Same as Insnare. Enstamp, en-stamp', v.t. to mark as with a stamp. [Fr. en (= L. in), and Stamp ] Ensue, en-su', v.i. \.o/ollo%u: to succeed or come after : to result from : [B.)v.t. to follow after : — pr.p. ensu'ing ; pa.p. ensued'. [O. Fr. ensuir (Fr. ensuivre) — L. in, after, and sequor, to follow. See Sue.] Ensure. Same as Insure. Entablature, en-tab'la-tOr, Entablement, en- ta'bl-raent, }i. [arch.) the superstructure, con- sisting of the architrave, frieze, and cornice, that surmounts the columns, and rests upon their capitals. [Fr. entablement. O. Fi. enta- blature, from L. in, in the manner of, tabula, a table.] Entail, en-tal', v.t. to cut off -xvi estate from the heirs-general, and settle it on a particular heir or series of heirs : to bring on as an mevirable consequence : — pr.p. entail'ing ; pa.p. entailed'. — n. an estate entailed : the rule of descent of an estate. [Fr. entailler, to cut into — en, in, into, and tailler, to cut — L. talea, a twig or cutting. See Tally. 1 Entailment, en-tal'ment, n. act of entailing : state of being entailed. Entangle, en-tang'gl, v.t. to twist into a tangle, or so as not to be easily separated : to involve in complications : to perplex : to insnare. [Fr. en (= L. in), and E. Tangle.] Entanglement, en-tang'gl-ment, n, state of being entangled : a confused state : perplexity. Enter, en'ter, v.i. to go or come i?i : to penetrate : to engage in : to form a part of. — v.t. to come or go into : to join or engage in : to begin : to put into: to enrol or record. [Fr. etitrer^—'L. intrare, to go into — in, in, and a root tar, to cross, which appears in L. trans, across.] Enteric, en-ter'ik, adj. belonging to the intes- titles. [Gr. enterikos — enteron, intestine.] Enteritis, en-te-rl'tis, «. inflammation of the intes- tines. Enterprise, en'ter-prlz, n. that which is taken, hold of, entered on, or attempted : a bold or dangerous undertaking : an adventure : daring. [Fr. entrepris, pa.p. oi entreprendre — entre, in, into, SindL prendre, to seize — \j. prehendo.] Enterprising, en'ter-prlz-ing, adj. forward in undertaking : adventurous. — adv. En'terpriS- ingly. Entertain, en-ter-tan', v.t. to receive and treat hospitably : to hold the attention of and amuse by conversation : to receive and take into con- sideration : to keep or hold in the mind. — «.^ Entertain'er.— a<^t'. Entertain'ingly. [Fr. en- tretenir — entre, among, and tenir — L. teneo, to hold.] Entertainment, en-ter-tan'ment, «. act of enter- taining : hospitality at table : that which enter- tains : the provisions of the table : a banquet : amusement : a performance which delights. Enthral Same as Inthral. Enthrone, en-thrOn', V. t. to place on a throne : to exalt to the seat of royalty : to instal as a bishop. [O. Fr. enthroner, from Fr. e7i, and trone — Gr. thronos, a throne.] Enthronement, en-thrOn'ment, «. the act of enthroning or of being enthroned. Enthronisation, en-thr5n-i-z3.'shun, n. the en- thronement of a bishop. fato, far ; me. her ; mine ; mOtie : mute ; mSDo : th^xs. lU Enthusiasm EBthusiasm, en-thu'zi-azm, «. intense interest : passionate zeal. [Gr. entlwiisiasinos, a god- inspired zeal — cntliousiazo, to be inspired by a god— c«, in, and tlicos, a god.] Enthusiast, en-thu'zi-ast, «. one inspired by enthu- siasm : one who admires or loves intensely. Enthusiastic, en-thu-zi-as'tik, Enthusiastical, en-thu-zi-as tik-al, adj. fiUt;d with enthusiasm: zealous : ardent. —rt^jfz'. Enthusias'tically. Entice, en-tls', v.t. to induce by exciting hope or desire : to teinpt : to lead astray.— a^/f. En- ticingly.— «. EntiC'er. [O. Fr. enticer, en- ticher, to taint, the root of which is uncertain.] Enticeable, en-tlsa-bl, adj. capable of being enticed. Enticement, en-tis'ment, «. act of enticing : that which entices or tempts : allurement. Entire, en-tlr', adj. whole : complete : unmingled. —rtd'e'. Entirely.— «. Entire'ness. [Fr. entier — L. integer, whole, from in, not, and tago, tango, to touch.] Entirety, en-tlr'ti, n. completeness : the whole. Entitle, en-tl'tl, v.t. to give a title to: to style : to give a claim to. [Fr. en (= L. z«), and Title. See Title.] Entity, en'ti-ti, n. , being : existence : a real sub- stance. [P'ormed by adding suffix -ty to L. ens, entis, being — esse, to be.] Entomb, en-toom', v.t. to place in a tomb, to bury. [j5:« and Tomb. ] Entombment, en-toom'ment, «. burial. Entomologist, en-to-mol'o-jist, n. one learned in entomology. Entomology, en-to-mol'oji, «. the science which treats of insects. — adjs. Entomolog'ic, Ento- mological. —arfz/. Entomolog'ically. [Gr. entonia, insects, (lit.) animals cut into — tomos, cutting — teinno, to cut, and logos, a discourse.] Entozoa, en-to-zo'a {sing. Entozo'on), «.//. animals that live inside of other animals. [Gr. entos, within, and ^don, an animal.] Entrails, en'tralz, n.pl. the internal parts of an animal's body, the bowels. [Fr. entrailles — Low L. intralia, corr. of inieranea, neut. pi. of interaneics, inward — inter, within.] Entrain, en-tran', v.t. to put into a train, said of troops by railway. Entrance, en'trans, n. act of entering : power or right to enter : the place for entering, the door ; the beginning. [L. intrans, pr.p. oi i>itratc.\ Entrance, en-trans', v.t. to put into a trance: to fill with rapturous delight. [Eti, in, and Trance.] Entrancement, en-trans'ment, n. state of trance or of excessive joy. Entrap, en-trap', v.t. to catch as in a trap : to insnare : to entangle. \En and Trap.] Entreat, en-tret', v.t. (orig.) to treat, to deal with — so in B. : to ask earnestly : to pray for. — v.i. to pray. \En and Treat.] [prayer. Entreaty, en-tret'i, n. act of entreating : earnest Entrench. Same as Intrench. Entrust. Same as Intrust. Entry, en'tri, n. act of entering : a passage into : act of committing to writing : the thing entered or written : (law) the taking possession of. Entwine, en-twIn', v.t. to twine. [En and Twine.] [and Twist. Entwlst, en-twist', v.t, to twist round. [En Enumerate, e-nu'mer-at, v.t. to count the mon- ber of : to name over. [L. e, out, and niimero, numeratus, to number. See Number.] Enunjeration, e-nu-mer-a'shun, n. act oi mtviber- ing: a detailed account : a summing up. Enunciate, e-mm'si (or -shi) -at, v.t. to state for- Ephemera mally : to pronounce distinctly. — n. Enun'Oia- tor, one who enunciates. [L. enuncio, enutuia- tutn — e, and nuncio, to t&W—nuncitts, a mes- senger.] Enunciation, e-nun-si (or -shi) -a'shun, «. act of enunciating : manner of uttering or pronounc- ing : a distinct statement or declaration : the words in which a proposition is expressed. Enunciative, e-nun'si (or shi) -a-tiv, Enunciatory, e-nun'si (or shi) -at-or-i, adj. conKaxnmg enuncia- tion or utterance : declarative. Envelop, en-vel'up, v.t. to roll or /old in: to cover by wrapping : to surround entirely : to hide. [Fr. envelop jier ; the origin of the word is obscure, but may perh. be found in the Teut. . root of M. E. ivlcippen, E. lap.\ Envelope, en'vel-Op or ang'vel-Op, ti. that which envelops, wraps, or covers, esp. the cover of a letter. [covering on all sides. Envelopment, en-vel'op-ment, «. a wrapping or Envenom, en-ven'um, v.t. to put venotn into: to poison : to taint with bitterness or malice. [En, in, and Venom.] Enviable, en'vi-a-bl, adj. that excites envy: capable of awakening desire to possess. — adv. En'viably. Envious, en'vi-us, adj. feeling envy : directed by envy.— adv. En'vlously — n. En'viousness. Environ, en-vl'mn, v.t. to surround: to encircle : to invest : — pr.p. eiivl'roning ; pa.p, envi'roned. — n. Envi'ronment, a surrounding. [Fr. envi- ronner — environ, around — virer, to turn round, from root of Veer.) Environs, enVi-runz or en-vl'-, n.pl. the places that oiviron : the outskirts of a city : neigh- bourhood. Envoy, en'voy, «. a messenger, esp. one sent to transact business with a foreign government : a diplomatic minister of the second order. — n. En'voyship. [Fr. envoy e — envoy er, to send — en, on, and vote — L. via, a way.] Envy, en'vi, v.t. to look upon with a grudging eye : to hate on account of prosperity :—pr.p. en'vying ; pa.p. en'vied. — n. pain at the sight of another's success : a wicked desire to supplant one: (B.) ill-will. [Fr. envie — L. invidia — in, on, and video, to look.] Envying, en'vi-ing, n. (B.) envy, ill-will. Enwrap. See Inwrap. Eocene, e'o-sen, adj. {geol.) first in time of the three subdivisions of the tertiary formation. [Gr. eos, daybreak, kainos, recent.] Eolian, e-o'li-an, Eolic, e-ol'ik, adj. belonging to -^olia, in Asia Minor, or to the Greek dialect of jEolia : pertaining to .^olus, god of the winds. Epact, e'pakt, n. the moon's age at the end of the year : the excess of the solar month or year above the lunar. [Gr. epaktos, brought on — epi, on, ago, to bring.] Epaulet, ep-awl-et', «. a shoulder-piece : a badge of a military or naval officer, now disused in the British army. [Fr. epaulette — epaule, the shoulder — spatula, a blade, in Late L. the shoulder, dim. oi spat ha — Gr. spathe, a blade.] Epergne, e-pem', «. an ornamental stand for a large dish for the centre of a table. [Fr. epargne, saving — epargner, to .^ave ; of uncertain origin.] Epha, Ephah, e'fa, n. a Hebrew measure for dry goods r= 3 E. pecks and 3 pints. [Heb. — Coptic] Ephemera, ef-em'er-a, «. a fly that lives one day only: the Mayfly, a genus of short-lived insects : a fever of one day's continuance only. [Gr. ephemeras, living a day — epi, for, and hemera, a day.] IM fate, far; me, her; mine ; mote ; mute : mSDn : th^-a. Ephemeral Ephemeral, ef-em'er-al, adj. existing only for a I day : daily : short-lived. EphemerlS, ef-em'er-is, «. an account of daily transactions : a journal : an astronomical al- manac :^pL EphemerideS, ef-e-mer'i-dez. Ephemerist, ef-em'er-ist, n. one who studies the daily motions of the planets. Ephod, ef'od, n. a kind of linen surplice worn by the Jewish priests. [Heb. — a/>had, to put on.] Epic, ep'ik, adj. applied to a poem which recounts a great event in an elevated style. — n. an epic or heroic poem. [L. epiais—Gr. epikos — epos, a word. ] Epicene, ep'i-sen, adj. or «., contnion to both sexes: (^a>«.) of either gender. [Gr. epikoiitos — epi, and koiiios, common. See Csnobite.] Epicure, ep'i-kur, H. a follower of Epicurus, a Greek philosopher, who taught that pleasure was the chief good : one given to sensual enjoy- ment: one devoted to the luxuries of the table. [L. Epicunis — Gr. Epikouros.\ Epicurean, ep-i-ku-re'an, adj. pertaining to Epi- curus : given to luxury.—?/, a follower of Epi- curus : one given to the luxuries of the table. Epicureanism, ep-i-ku-re'an-izm, n. the doctrine of Epicunis : attachment to these doctrines. Epicurism, ep'i-kur-izm, «. the doctrines of Epi- curus : lu.xury : sensual enjoyment. Epicycle, ep'i-sl-kl, «. a circle having its cejitre on the circumference of a greater circle, on which it moves. [Gr. epi, upon, kyklos, a circle.] Epidemic, ep-i-dem'ik, Epidemical, ep-i-dem'ik-al, adj. affecting a whole people : general. — 71. a disease falling on great numbers. — adv. Epi- demically. [Gr. epidemos, general — epi, among, and demos, the people.] Epidermis, ep-i-der'mis, «. that which lies on the true skin : the cuticle or outer skin of animals. —adjs. Epider'mic, Epider'mal. [Gr. epider- onis — ef>i, upon, and derma, the skin.] Epigastric, ep-i-gas'trik, adj. relating to the epi- gastrium, or upper part of the abdomen. [Gr. epi, upon, and gaster, the stomach.] Epiglottis, ep-i-glot'is, «. the cartilage at the root of the tongue that falls upoti tlie glottis, or open- ing of the larynx. [Gr. — epi, upon, and Glottis.] Epigram, ep'i-gram, «. {in anc. times) first a poetic inscription, then a short or pointed poem : a short poem on one subject ending with a witty or sarcastic thought : any concise and pointed or sarcastic saying. [Through Fr. and L., from Gr. epigramma, epigra;nmatos — epi, upon, and gramma, a writing, from graphs, to write.] Epigrammatic, ep-i-gram-mat'ik, Epigrammat- ical, ep-i-gram-mat'ik-al, adj. relating to or deal- ing in epigrams : like an epigram : concise and poinied.— adv. Epigrammat'ically. Epigrammatise, ep-i-gram'at-Iz, v.t. to make an epigram on. — Epigrammatist, ep-i-gram'at-ist, «. one who writes epigravis. Epigraph, ep'i-graf, «. a writing, esp. on a build- ing : a citation or motto at the commencement of a book or its parts. [Gr. epi-graphe — epi, upon, and graphs, to write.] Epilepsy, ep'i-lep-si, «. a disease of the brain attended by convulsions, which seizes on one fuddenly, causing him to (aX\.— adj. Epilep'tic. [Gr. epilepsia— epi, upon, and lambano, lipso- mai, to seize. Sans, labh, to get.] Epilogue, ep'i-log, n. a speech or short poem at the end of a play.— afl>'. Epilog'ical, -loj'. [Through Fr. and L., from Gr. epilogos, conclu- sion— r./>. e'qualling \ pa.p. e'qualled.— (Jf/z/. E'qually. [L. . equipped'. [Fr. equiper for esquipper, to attire ; from a Teut. root, found in O. Ger. skif, Ger. schiff, E. ship and shape; also Ice. skipa, to set in order.] Erect Equipage, ek'wi-pHj, «. that with which one \s equipped: furniture required for any service, as armour of a soldier, &c. ; a carriage and attend- ants, retinue. — adj. Eq'uipagcd, furnished with an equipage. Equipment, e-kwip'ment, n. the act of equipping : the state of being equipped : things used in equipping or furnishing. Eqtlipoise, e'kwi-poiz, «., equality 0/ weight or force : the state of a balance when the two weights are equal. [L. cequus, equal, and Poise.] Equipollent, e-kwi-pol'ent, adj. having equal power or force : equivalent. — n. Equipollence. [L. cequus, equal, 3.\vi pollens, pollentis, pr.p. of polleo, to be able.] Equiponderant, e-kwi-pon'der-ant, adj., eqjial in iveight n. Equipon'derance. [L. cequus, equal, and pondus, pouderis, weight.] Equiponderate, e-kwi-pon'der-at, V. i. to be eqtial in -weight : to balance. Equitable, ek'wi-ta-bl, adj. possessing or exhibit- ing equity: held or exercised in equity. — adv. Eq'uitably.— «. Eq'uitableness. Equitation, ek-wi-ta'shun, «. the art of riding on /2or.rt'back. [L. equito, to ride — equus, a horse.] Equity, ek'wi-ti, 71. right as founded on the laws of nature : fairness : justice. [Fr. ^quite — L. cequitas — cequus, equal.] Equivalent, e-kwiv'a-lent, adj., equal in value, power, effect, meaning, &c. — n. a thing equal in value, &c.—adv. Equiv'alently. — n. Equiv'- alence. [Fr. — L. cequ?od is carried to the stomach, the gullet. [L. — Gr. oisophagos — oiso, fut. oi phero, to carry, and pliago, to eat.] Esoteric, es-o-ter'ik, adj., inner: secret : mys- terious : (phil.) taught to a select few : — opposed to Exoteric— aies. [Fr. esfiiontiage — espion, a spy.] Esplanade, es-pla-nad', «. a plane or level sps^ce between a citadel and the first houses of the town : any space for walking or driving in. [Fr. — esplaiter, to lay level — L. explaiw — ex, out, and plano^planus , flat. See Plain and Ex- plain.] Espousal, es-powz'al, n. the 'act of espousing or betrothing : the taking upon one's self, as a cause : — •//. a contract or mutual promise of marriage. [O. ¥t. esponsailles. See Espouse. ] Espouse, es-pow/, v.t. to give as spouse or be- trotlied : to give in marriage : to take as spouse : to wed : to take with a view to maintain : to embrace, as a cause.— «. Espous'er. [O. Fr. cspoiiser, Fr. epoitser — L. spondeo, sporiszis, to promise solemnly.] Espy, es-pl', v.t. to see at a distance : to spy or catch sight of: to observe : to discover unex- pectedly. [O. Fr. espier, from root of Spy.] Esquire, es-kwir' or es'kwlr, n. (orig.) a squire or shield-bearer: an attendant on a knight : a title of dignity next below a knight : a title given to younger sons of noblemen, &c. : a general title of respect in addressing letters. [O. Fr. escuyer (Fr. ecityer), from escu, now ecu — L. scutum, a shield.] Essay, es'a, «. a trial : an experiment : a writ- ten composition less elaborate than a treatise. — ■v.t. es-sa', to try .• to attempt : to make ex- periment oi:^pr.p. essay'ing ; pa.p. essayed'. [Fr. essai — L. exagitim — Gr. exagion, a weigh- ing — exago, to lead out, export merchandise — ex, out, and ago, to lead.] {oi essays. Essayer, es-sa'er, Essayist, esa-ist, n. a writer Essence, es'ens, n. the inner distinctive nature of anything : the qualities which make any object what it is : a being : the extracted virtues of any drug : the solution in spirits of wine of a vola- tile or essential oil : a perfume. [Fr. — L. essen- tia — essens, essetttis, old pr.p. oi esse, from root as, to be ; Sans, as, to be. See Are.] Essential, es-sen'shal, adj. relating to or contain- ing the essence : necessary to the existence of a thing : indispensable or important in the highest degree : highly rectified : pure. — it. something essential or necessary: a leading principle. — adv. Essen'tially. Essentiality, es-sen-shi-al'i-ti, n. the quality of being essential : an essential part. Establish, es-tab'lish, v.t. to settle or fix : to ordain : to found : to set up (in business). — n. Establlsher. [O. Fr. establir, pr.p. establis- sant — L. stabilire^stabilis, firm — sto, to stand.] Establishment, es-tab'lish-ment, «. act of estab- lishing : fixed state : that which is established : a permanent civil or military force : one's resi- dence and style of living : the church estab- lished by law. Estate, es-tat', n. condition or rank : property, esp. landed property : fortune : an order or class of men in the body-politic : — pi. dominions : Ethnograpliy possessions : the legislature — king, lords, and commons. [O. Fr. estat (Fr. itat) — L. statTts, a standing, from sto, to stand.] Esteem, es-tcm', v.t. to set a high estimate or value on : to regard with respect or friendship : to consider or think. — «. high estimation or value : favourable regard. [Fr. estime> — L. cFstimo. Cf Estimate.] [thetics. Esthetic, Esthetics. Same as .ffisthetio, iEs- Estimable, estim-a-bl, adj. that can be estimated or valued: worthy of esteem : deserving our good opinion. — adv. Es'timably. Estimate, es'tim-at, v.t. to judge of the worth of a thing : to calculate. [L. cesiinto, cestitnatus, to value. Esteem and Aim are parallel forms.] Estimate, es'tim-at, n. a valuing in the mind: judgment or opinion of the worth or size of any- thing : a rough calculation. Estimation, es-tim-S'shun, «. act of estimating : a reckoning of value : esteem, honour. Estrange, es-tranj', v.t. to make strange : to alienate : to divert from its original use or pos- sessor. — 71. Estrange'ment. [O. Fr. estranger, from root of Strange.] Estuary, es'tu-ar-i, n. a narrow passage, as the mouth of a river, where the tide meets the cur- rent, so called from the boiling or foaming caused by their meeting. [L. (Bstuarium, from eestuo, cestuare, to boil up — testus, a burning.] Etch, ech, v.t. or v.i. to make designs on metal, glass, &c. by eating out the lines with an acid. [Ger. dtzen, to corrode by acid ; from same root as Ger. essen. See Eat.] Etching, ech'ing, n. the act or art of etching or engraving : the impression from an etched plate. Eternal, e-ter'nal, adj. without beginning or end of existence : everlasting : ceaseless : unchange- able.— m. The Eternal, an appellation of God. — adv. Eter'nally. [Fr. etemel — L. (Etemus, ceviternus — cEvum — Gr. aiort, a period of time, an age. See Age.] Eternise, e-ter'nlz, v.t. to make etertial : to im- mortalise. [Fr. ^tertiiser.^ Eternity, e-ter'ni-ti, n. eternal duration : the state or time after death. [Fr. etemiti — L. cEternitas.\ Etesian, e-te'zhan, adj. periodical : blowing at stated seasons, as certain winds. [Fr. Hesien — L. etesius — Gr. etesios, annual — etos, a year.] Ether, e'ther, n. the clear, upper air : the subtile medium supposed to fill all space : a light, vola- tile, inflammable fluid. [L. — Gr. aither, from aitlw, to light up.] Ethereal, e-the're-al, adj. consisting of ether ; heavenly : spirit-like. — adv. Ethe'really. Etherealise, e-the're-al-Iz, v.t. to convert into etiier, or the fluid ether : to render spirit-like. Etherise, e'ther-Iz, v.t. to convert into e titer : to stupefy with ether. Ethic, eth'ik, Ethical, eth'ik-al, adj. relating to morals: treating of morality or duty. — adv. Eth'ically. [Gr. ethikos — etfios, custom.] Ethics, eth'iks, n. sing, the science of duty : a system of principles and rules of duty Ethiopian, e-thi-e'pi-an, EthiopiC, e-thi-op'ik, adj. pertaining to Ethiopia, a name given to the countries south of Egypt inhabited by the negro races. [Gr. Aithiops, sunburnt, Ethio- pian — aitho, to burn, and dps, the face.] Ethnic, eth'nik, Ethnical, eth'nik-al, adj. con- cerning nations or races : pertaining to the heathen. [L. — Gr. — ethnos, a nation.] Ethnography, eth-nog'ra-fi, «. a description of the nations or races of the earth. — n. Bthnog'- uo fate, fSr ; mS, h6r ; mine ; m9te ; mute - mSOn : thta. Ethnology ra.pheT.—a. Eucharist'ic, Eucharist'ical. [Gr. eucharistia, thanksgiving — eu, well, and cliarizojnai, to shew favour — charis, grace, thanks. Cog. with E. Yeam.] EulOgiC, u-loj'ik, EulOgical, u-loj'ik-al, adj. con- taining eulogy or praise. — adv. EulOg'ically. Eulogise, u'lo-jTz, v.t. to speak well of: to praise. Eulogist, u'lo-jist, n. one who praises or extols another. — adj. EulOgist'iC, full of praise. — cidv. Eulogist'ically. Eulogium, u-lo'ji-um. Eulogy, ulo-ji, n. a. speak- ing well of : a speech or writing in praise of. [Late L. — Gr. eulogion (classical, eidogid) — eu, well, and logos, a speaking.] Eunuch, u'nuk, n. a castrated man ; eunuchs were employed as chamberlains in the East, and often had great influence as chief mifiistcrs of the kings. [Gr. eunouchos — eune, a couch, and echo, to have charge of.] \eunnch. Eunuchism, u'nuk-izm, n. the state of being a Eupepsy, u-pep'si, «., good digestion : — opposed to Dyspepsy.— Oi/;'. Eupep'tiC, having good digestion. [Gr. eupepsia — eu, well, and pepsis, digestion, from pesso, peptd, to digest.] Euphemism, u'fem-izm, «. a soft or pleasing term employed to express what is disagreeable. — adj. Euphemistic. [Gr. eupliemismos — eu, well, and phemi, to speak. ] Euphonic, u-fon'ik, Euphonical, 'ik-al, Eupho- nious, u-fo'ni-us, adj. pertaining to euphony: agreeable in sound. — adv. Eupho'niously. Euphonise, u'fon-Iz, v.t. to make ejiplionious. Euphony, u'fo-ni, «. an agreeable sound: a pleas- ing, easy pronunciation. [Gr. euphofiia — eu, well, dtnA phone, sound.] Euphrasy, u'fra-zi, n. (bot.) the plant eyebright, formerly regarded as beneficial in disorders of the eyes. [Gr. euphrasia, delight, from eu- phraino, to cheer — eu, well, phjen, the heart.] Eva Euphuism, u'fu-izm, n. an affectation of excessive refinement of language : a high-flown expres- sion.— «. Eu'phuist.— o^'. Euphuist'ic. [From Euphues, a book by John Lyly in the time of Queen Elizabeth, which brought the style into vogue — Gr. euphyes, graceful — eu, well, phye, %Toviih~~phyd>Hai, to grow.] Eurasian, u-ra'zi-an, n. a descendant of a Euro- pean on the one side, and an Asian on the other. [A contr. oi European and Asiatt.^ Euroclydon, u-rok^i-don, «. a tempestuous south- east wind raising great waves in the Mediter- ranean Sea. [Gr., from euros, the south-east wind, and klydon, a wave, from klyzo, to dash over.] European, u-ro-pe'an, adj. belonging to £'?^n7/ff. — n. a native or inhabitant of Europe. Eurythmy, u'rith-mi, n. just proportion or sym- metry in anything. [Gr. eurythmta — eu, well, and rhythmos, measured motion.] Euthanasia, ii-than-a'zi-a, Euthanasy, u-than'- a-si, n. an easy, pleasant mode of death. [Gr euthanasia— eu, well, and tluxtiatos, death.] Evacuate, e-vak'u-at, v.t, to throw out the con- tents of : to discharge .• to withdraw from. [L. e, out, vac7to, vacicatus. to empty — vaco, to be empty.] Evacuation, e-vak-u-a'shun, 71. act of emptying out : a withdrawing from : that which is dis- charged. Evacuator, e-vak'u-at- or, n. one who evacuates : [law] one who nullifies or makes void. Evade, e-vad', v.t. to escape artfully : to avoid cunningly. [L. evado — e, out, vado, to go.] Evanescent, ev-an-es'ent, adj. fleeting : imper- ceptible.— a^/z^. Evanesc'ently.— «. Evanesc'- ence. [L. evanescens, -entis — e, and vanesco, to vanish — vanus, empty.] Evangel, e-van'jel, n. [poet.) good news, esp. the gospel. Evangelic, e-van-jel'ik. Evangelical, e-van-jel'- ik-al, adj. belonging to or consisting of good tidings : relating to the four gospels : according to the doctrine of the gospel : maintaining the truth taught in the gospel. — adv. Evangel'- ically.— ?/. Evangel'icalness. [L. evaugelicus — Gr. eua7iggelikos—eu, well, and atiggello, to bring news.] Evangelicism, e-van-jel'i-sizm. Evangelicalism, e-van-jel'ik-al-izm, «., evangelical ^rinci-pXes. Evangelisation, e-van-jel-i-za'shun, n. act of evangelising or proclaiming the gospel. Evangelise, e-van'jel-Iz, v.t. to make known the good news : to make acquainted with the gospel. — v.i. to preach the gospel from place to place. Evangelist, e-van'jel-ist, u. one who evangelises : one of the four writers of the gospels : an assist- ant of the apostles : one authorised to preach. Evaporable, e-vap'or-a-bl, adj. able to be evapor- ated or converted into vapour. Evaporate, e-vap'or-at, v.i. to fly off in vapour: to pass into an invisible state. — v.t. to convert into steam or gas. [L. e, off, vaporo, -atum— vapor, vapour.] Evaporation, e-vap-or-a'shun, n. act of evaporat- ing or passing off in steam or gas. Evasion, e-va'zhun, n. act of evading or eluding : an attempt to escape the force of an argument or accusation : an excuse. Evasive, e-va'siv, adj. that evades or seeks to evade : not straightforward : shuffling. — adv. Eva'sively.— «. Eva'siveness. Eve, ev. Even, ev'n, «. [poet.) evening : the night before a day of note : the time just preceding a fate, far ; mS, her ; mine,; mOte ; m&te ; mCOn ; ih/sa. 161 great event. [A.S. a/en; Dui. avottd; Ger. abend, the sinking of the day, from ab, down.] Bren, fv'n, mH., equal: level: uniform : parallel : equal on both sides : not odd, able to be divided by 2 without a remainder. — adv. Ev'euly. — n. Evenness. [A.S. e/en ,■ Dut. even ; Gcr. eben — eierien, to make smooth : perh. allied to L. irguus, equal.] Even, ev'n, Ti.t, to make even or smooth. — adv. exactly so : indeed : so much as : still. Even-handed, ev'n-hand'ed, adj. with an equal, fair, or impartial hand: just. Evening, ev'ning, n. the clo.se of the daytime : the decline or end of life. [A.S. trfenung, from (efen.^ [or calm mind: equable. Even-minded, ev'n-mTnd'cd, adj. having an even Evensong, ev'n-song, «. the evening service in church, so called because formerly chanted or sunz. Event, e-vent', n. that which comes out or hap- pens : the result : any incident or occurrence. [L. e7ientus — ezienio — e, out, and venio, to come.] Eventful, e-vent'fool, adj., /nil or fruitful oiez'enis. < ventide, ev'n-tid, «. the tide or time of evening. Eventual, e-vent'u-al, adj. happening as a conse- quence, ultimate or final. — adv. Event'ually, finally : at length. Ever, eVer, adv. always : eternally : at any time : in any degree. [A.S. cefre, always; from A.S. awa, ever, which is cog. with Goth, aiws, L. ovum, Gr. aidn. See also Age, Aye, Never.] Evergreen, ev'er-gren, adj. ever or always green. — n. a plant that remains green all the year. Everlasting, ev-er-last'ing, adj. endless : eternal. —n. eternity. — adv. Everlastingly. —«. Ever- last'ingness. [nally. Evermore, ev-er-mOr', adv. unceasingly : eter- Every, ev'er-i, adj., each one of a number : all taken separately. [A.S. afre, ever, and tzlc, each.] Everywhere, ev'er-i-hwar, adv. in every place. Evict, e-vikt', v.t. to dispossess by law: to expel from. [L. evictiis, pa. p. oi evinco, to overcome. See Evince.] Eviction, e-vik'shun, «. the act of evicting from house or lands : the lawful recovery of lands. Evidence, ev'i-dens, n. that which makes evident : proof or testimony : a witness. — v.t. to render evident : to prove. Evident, ev'i-dent, adj. that is visible or can be seen : clear to the mind : obvious — adv. Evi- dently [New Test.) visibly. [L. evidens, -entis — e. and video, to see. J Evidential, ev-i-den'shal, adj. furnishing evi- dence: tending to -ptov^.—adv. Eviden'tiaUy. Evil, e'vl, adj. wicked : mischievous : unfortunate. — adv. in an evil manner : badly. — «. that which produces unhappiness or calamity : harm : wickedness : depravity. [A.S. yfel : Dut. eicvel, Ger. iibel. Ill is a doublet.] Evil-doer, e'vl-diSo'er, n. one who does evil. EVll-eye, e'vl-I, n. a supposed power to cause evil or harm by the look of the eye. EvU-favouredness, e'vl-fa'vurd-nes, n. (B.) ugli- ness : deformity. [malicious : wicked. Evil-minded, e'vl-mmd'ed, adj. inclined to evil : Evil-speaking, e'vl-spek'ing, 71. the speaking of evil : slander. [does evil. Evil-worker, e'vl-wurk'er, n. one who works or Evince, e-vins', v.t. to prove beyond doubt : to shew clearly : to make evident. [L. evinco — e, inten., and vinco, to overcome.] Evincible, e-vins'i-bl, adj. that may be evinced or made evident. — adv. Evlno'ibly. Sxsouple Evincive, e-vins'iv, adj. tending to evince, provC; or demonstrate. Eviscerate, e-vis'6r-at, v.t. to tear out the vis- Cera or bo^uels. — «. Evlscera'tlon. [L. e, out, and viscera, the bowels.] Evoke, e-vck', v. t. to call out : to draw out or bring forth. [L. e^roco—e, out, and voco, to call.] Evolution, ev-o-lu'shun, «. the act of unrolling ox uitf aiding : gradual working out or develop- ment : a series of things unfolded : the doctrine according to which higher forms of life have gradually arisen out of lower : [arith. and alg.) the extraction of roots : the orderly movements of a body of troops or of ships of war. — adj. Evolu'tionary, pertaining to evolution. Evolutionist, ev-o-lQ'shun-ist, «. one skilled in evolutions or military movements : one who believes in evolution as a principle in science or philosophy. Evolve, e-volv', V. i. to roll out or unroll : to dis- close : to develop : to unravel. — v.i. to disclose itself. [L. evolvo — e, out, volvo, to roll.] Evulsion, e-vul'shun, n. a plucking out by force. [L. e, out, and vello, vulsus, to pluck.] Ewe, u, n. a female sheep. [A.S. eovnt ; L. ovis, Gr. o'is. Sans, avi, a sheep.] Ewer, u'er, n. a large jug placed on a wash- stand to hold water. [O. Fr. enwicr, Fr. evier — L. aquariujn—aqua, water, whence also Fr. eau.'\ Exacerbate, egz-as'er-bat, v.t. to imbitier: to provoke : to render more violent or severe, as a disease. [L. exacerbo, exacerbatus — ex, and acerbo, from acerbus, bitter. See Acerbity.] Exacerbation, egz-as-er-ba'shun, Exacerbesc- ence, egz-as-er-bes'ens, n. increase of irrita- tion or violence, esp. the increase of a fever or disease. Exact, egz-akt', adj. precise : careful : punctual : true : certain or demonstrable. — adv. Exactly. — n. Exact'ness. [L. exactus, pa.p. of exigo, to drive out, to measure — ex, and ago, to drive, to do.] Exact, egz-akt', v.t. to force frotn: to compel full payment of : to make great demands or to demand urgently: to extort. — v.i. to practise extortion. [See Exact, adj.'\ Exaction, egz-ak'shun, n. the act of exacting or demanding strictly : an oppressive demand : that which is exacted, as excessive work or tribute. Exaggerate, egz-aj'er-at, v.t. to magnify unduly : to represent too strongly. [L. exaggero, exag- geratus — ex, aggero, to heap up — agger, a heap.] Exaggeration, egz-aj-er-a'shun, n. extravagant representation : a statement in excess of the truth. Exaggerative, egz-aj'er-at-iv. Exaggeratory, egz-.ij'er-a-tor-i, ailj. containing exaggeration or tending to exaggerate. Exalt, egz-awlt', v.t. to raise very high : to elevate to a higher position : to elate or fill with the joy of success : to praise or extol : (chejn.) to refine or subtilise. — n. Exalt'edness. [L. exalto — ex, and alius, grown great by nourishing, high, from alo, to nourish ; Gr. altho, to cause to grow.] [or dignity : high estate. Exaltation, egz-awlt-a'shun, n. elevation in rank Examination, egz-am-i-na'shun, «. careful search or inquiry : trial. Examine, egz-am'in, v.t. to test : to inquire into : to question. [L. examen (= exagmen), the tongue of a balance. From the root of Exact.] Examiner, egz-am'in-er, n. one who examines. Example, egz-am'pl, n. that which is taken out \m if^e- f3r : mfi, hSr ; mine ; mata ', mute ; mi^n : ihevi.- Exasperate as a specimen of the rest, or as an illustration of a rule, &c. : the person or thing to be imi- tated or avoided : a pattern : a warning : a former instance : a precedent. [Fr. — L. exejn- plum — exhno, to take out — ex, out of, and emo, eniphis, to take.] Exasperate, egz-as'per-at, v.t. to make very rough or angry : to irritate in a high degree. [L. ex, intensive, and aspero, to make rough — asper, rough.] Exasperation, egz-as-per-a'shun, «. act of irritat- ing : state of being exasperated : provocation : rage : aggravation. Excavate, eksTca-vat, v.t. to /wllom or scoop out [L. excavo—ex, out, caznts, hollow.] Excavation, eks-ka-va'shun, n. act of excavating : a hollow or cavity made by e-xcavating. Excavator, eks'ka-va-tor, n. one who excavates. Exceed, ek-sed', v.t. to go beyond the limit or measure of : to surpass or excel. — v.i. to go beyond a given or proper limit. [L. ex, beyond, and cedo, cessmti, to go.] Exceeding {obs.), ek-sed'ing, Exceedingly, ek- sed'ing-li, adv. very much : greatly. Excel, ek-sel', v. t. to rise beyond: to exceed : to surpass. — v.i. to have good qualities in a high degree : to perform very meritorious actions : to be superior '.—pr.p. excell'ing ; pa. p. excelled'. [L. excello — ex, out, up, and a root cello, same as Gr. kello, to drive, to urge.] Excellence, ek'sel-ens, Excellency, ek'sel-en-si, n. great merit : any excellent (juality : worth : greatness : a title of honour given to persons high in rank or office. [Fr. — \,. excellentia — excellens, rising above, distinguishing one's self.] £xceUent, ek'sel-ent, adj. surpassing others some good quality : of great virtue, worth, &c. : superior : valuable. — adv. Ex'ceUently. [Fr. — L. excellens, -etitis — excello. '\ Except, ek-sept', v.t. to take or leave out : to exclude.— z/.z. to object. [L. excipio, exceptus — ex, out, and capio. to take.] Except, ek-sept', Excepting, ek-sept'ing, prep., leaving out : excluding : but. Exception, ek-sep'shun, «. that which is excepted : exclusion: objection: offence. [able. Exceptionable, ek-sep'shun-a-bl, adj. objection- Exceptional, ek-sep'shun-al, adj. peculiar. Exceptive, ek-sept'iv, adj. including, making, or being an exception. Exceptor, ek-sept'or, «. one who excepts or objects. Excerpt, ek-serpt', n. a passage picked out or se- lected from a book, an extract. [L. excerptum, pa. p. oi excerpo — ex, out, and carpo, to pick.] Excess, ek-ses', n. a going beyond what is usual or proper : intemperance : that which exceeds : the degree by which one thing exceeds another. [L. excessus — excedo, excesstis, to go beyond.] Excessive, ek-ses'iv, adj. beyond what is right and proper : immoderate : violent. — adv. Ex- cess'ively.— «. Excess'iveness. Exchange, eks-chanj', v.t. to give or leave one place or thing for another : to give and take mutually : to barter. [Fr. ichanger — ex, from, and root of Change.] Exchange, eks-chanj', n. the giving and taking one thing for another : barter : the thing exchanged : process by which accounts between distant parties are settled by bills instead of money : the difference between the value of money in different places : the place where merchants, &c. meet for business. Exchangeable, eks-chanj'a-bl, adj. that may be exchanged.— «. Exchangeability. £izoremeutltioU3 Exchanger, eks-chanj'er, n. one who exchanges or practises exchange: [B.) a money-changer, a banker. Exchequer, eks-chek'er, «. a superior court which had formerly to do only with the revenue, but now also with common law, so named from the checkered cloth which formerly covered the table, and on which the accounts were reckoned. — v.t. to proceed against a person in the Court of Exchequer. [From root of Check, Checker.] Excise, ek-sTz', «. a ta.x on certain home commo- dities and on licenses for certain trades. — v.t. to subject to excise duty. [O. Dut. aksiis — Fr. assis, assessments — assise, an assize, at which the tax was fixed. See Assess and Assize.] Exciseman, ek-sTz'man, n. an officer charged with collecting the excise. Excision, ek-sizh'un, «. a cutting oiit or off of any kind : e.xtirpation. [Fr. — L., from excido. to cut out — ex, out, and ccedo, to cut. See Concise.] Excitable, ek-slt'a-bl, adj. capable of being, or easily excited.— «. Excitability. Excitant, ek-slt'ant or ek'sit-ant, 71. that which excites or rouses the vital activity of the body : a stimulant. Excitation, ek-sit-a'shun, n. act of exciting. Excitative, ek-slt'a-tiv, Excitatory, ek-slt'a-tor-i, adj. tending to excite. Excite, ek-sit', v.t. to call into activity: to stir up : to rouse : to irritate.— «. Excit'or. [L. ex, out, and root of Cite.] _ [excites. Excitement, ek-sTt'ment, «. agitation : that which Exclaim, eks-klam', 7>.i. to cry out: to utter or j speak vehemently. [Fr. excla7ner — L. exclamo — ex, out, claino, to shout.] Exclamation, eks-kla-ma'shun, «. vehement utterance : outcry : an uttered expression of surprise, and the like : the mark expressing this (!) : an interjection. Exclamatory, eks-klam'a-tor-i, adj. containing or expressing e.xclamation. Exclude, eks-klood', v.t. to close or skztt out : to thrust out : to hinder from entrance : to hinder from participation : to except. [L. excludo — ex, out, and claudo, to shut.] Exclusion, eks-kloo'zhun, n. a shutting or putting out : ejection : exception. ExclUSioniSt, eks-kloo'zhun-ist, «. one who ex- cludes, or would exclude another from a privi- lege. Exclusive, eks-kloo'siv, adj. able or tending to exclude : debarring from participation : sole : not taking into account.— «. one of a number who exclude others from their society. — adv. Exclu'sively.— «. Exclu'siveness. Excogitate, eks-koj'i-tat, v.t. to discover by thinking: to think earnestly or laboriously. [L. excogito, -atus — ex, out, and cogito, to think.] Excogitation, eks-koj-i-ta'shun, n. laborious thinking : invention : contrivance. Excommunicate, eks-kom-un'i-kat, v.t. to put out of or expel from the covtmunioi of the church : to deprive of church privileges. [L. ex, out of, and Communicate.] Excommunication, eks-kom-un-i-ka'shun, n. act of expellmg from the communion of a church. Excoriate, eks-ko'ri-at, v.t. to strip the skin/rom. [L. excorio, -atus — ex, from, corium, the skin.] Excrement, eksTcre-ment, n. useless matter dis- charged from the animal system : dimg. — adj. Excrement'al. [L. excrementum — excerno, excretus, to separate.] ExcrementitiOUS, eks-kre-men-tish'us, adj. pet- taining to, consisting of, or containing excrement. (ate, far : me. h6i : mine ; mSte ; mute : mSOn ; then 16S Ezoresoenoe Exhibit BXCresoence, eks-kres'cns, «. that which grmvs out unnaturally I'rom anything else : an out- break : a wart or tumour : a superlluous part. [Fr. — L. — excresco—ex, out, and cresco, to grow.] [superfluous. Excrescent, eks-kres'ent, aiij. , Rowing out : Excrete, eks-krct', v.t. to separate from, or dis- ch irge : to eject. [L. ex, from, and cemo, cretus, to separate.] Excretion, eks-kreshun, «. act of excreting matter from the animal system : that which is excreted. — adj. Excretive, able to excrete. Excretory, eks-kre'tor-i, adj. having the quality of excreting. — «. a duct or vessel that helps to receive and excrete matter. Excruciate, eks-krOo'shi-at, v.t. to torture as if on a cross: to rack. [L. ex, out, and crucio, cniciatus, to crucify — crux, crucis, a cross.] Excruciation, eks-kroo-shi-a'shun, «. torture : vexation. Excillpate, eks-kul'pat, v.t. to clear from the charge of ?Lfault or crime : to absolve : to vindi- cate.— «. Exculpa'tion. [L. exculpo, excul- patus — ex, from, culpa, a fault.] Exculpatory, eks-kul'pa-tor-i, adj. exculpating or freeing from the charge of fault or crime. Excursion, eks-kur'shun, «. a going forth : an ex- pedition : a trip for pleasure or health : a wan- dering from the main subject : a digression. [L. excursio—ex, out, and curro, cursuiu, to run.] Excursionist, eks-kur'shun-ist, n. one who goes on an excursion or pleasure-trip. Excursive, eks-kur'siv, adj. rambling : deviating. —adv. Excur'sively.— 77. Excur'siveness. Excursus, eks-kur'sus, «. a dissertation on some particular point appended to a book or chapter. Exctisable, eks-kuz'a-bl, adj. admitting of justifi- cation, [taining excuse. Excusatory, eks-kuz'a-tor-i, adj. making or con- Excuse, eks-kuz', 7>.t. to free from blame or guilt : to forgive : to free from an obligation : to release : to make an apology or ask pardon for. [L. excuse — ex, from, causor, to plead — causa, a cause, an accusation.] [of a fault. Excuse, eks-kus', a plea offered in extenuation Execrable, eks'e-kra-bl, adj. deserving execra- tion: detestable: accursed.— arfz). Ex'ecrably. Execrate, eks'e-krat, v.t. to curse : to denounce evil against : to detest utterly. [L. exsecror, -aius, to curse — ex, from, and sacer, sacred.] Execration, eks-e-kra'shun, n. act of execrating : a curse pronounced : that which is execrated. Execute, eks'e'-kut, v.t. to perform : to give effect to : to carry into effect the sentence of the law : to put to death by law.— «. Ex'ecuter. [Fr. ex^cuter — L. exsequor, exsecutus — ex, out, and sequor, to follow.] Execution, eks-e-ku'shun, «. act of executing or performing : accomplishment : completion : carry- ing into effect the sentence of a court of law: the warrant for so doing. Executioner, eks-e-ku'shun-fer, n. one who exe- cutes, e^p. one who inflicts capital punishment. Executive, egz-ek'u-tiv, adj. designed or fitted to execute : active : qualifying for or pertaining to the execution of the law. — adv. Exec'utively. [Fr. ex^cuti/.] Executive, egz-ek'u-tiv, n, the power or authority in government that carries the laws into effect : the persons who administer the government. Executor, egz-ek'u-tor, n. one who executes or performs : the person appointed to see a will carried into effect.— ^w. Exec'utrlz. — «. Ex- ec'utorshlp. Executory, egz-ek'u-tor-i, adj. executing official duties : designed to be carried into effect. Exegesis, eks-e-jc'sis, n. the science of inter- pretation, esp. of the Scriptures. [Gr. exegesis — exegeontai, to explain — ex, out, and hegeomai, to guide — ago, to lead.] Exegetic, eks-e-jet'ik, Exegetical, eks-e-jet'ik-al, adj. pertaining to exegesis : explanatory. — adv. Exeget'ically.— «.j/«.?-. Exeget'ics, the science of exegesis. [Gr. See Exegesis.] Exemplar, egz-em'plar, «. a person or thing to be imitated : the ideal model of an artist. [Fr. exeiitplaire — L. exemplar — exemplum. See Example.] Exemplary, egz'em-plar-i, adj. worthy of imita- tion or notice : commendable. — adv. Ex'em- plarily. [See Exemplar.] Exemplification, egz-em-pli-fi-ka'shun, «. act of exemplifying : that which exemplifies ; a copy or transcript. Exemplify, egz-em'pli-fl, V. t. to illustrate by ex- antple : to make an attested copy of : to prove by an attested copy i^pr.p. exem'plifying ; pa.p. exem'plified. [L. exemplum, and facio, to do or make.] Exempt, egz-emt', v.t. to free, or grant immunity from. — adj. taken out : not liable to : released. [Fr. ^L. eximo, exeniptus — ex, out, and enio, to take, to buy. Cf. Example.] Exemption, egz-em'shun, n. act of exempting : state of being exempt : freedom from any ser- vice, duty, &c. : immunity. [Fr. — L. exemptio.} Exequies, eks'e-kwiz, H.pl. a funeral procession : the ceremonies of burial. [L. exseqtiice — ex, out, sequor, to follow.] Exercise, eks'er-slz, «. a putting in practice : ex- ertion of the body for health or amusement : discipline : a lesson or task. [Fr. exercice — L. exercitium — L. exerceo, -citus — ex, out, and arceo, to drive.] Exercise, eks'er-sIz, v.t. to train by use : to im- prove by practice : to afflict : to put in practice : to use. Exert, egz-ert', v. t. to bring into active operation : to do or perform. [L. exsero, exsertus — ex, out, and sero, to put together. See Series.] Exertion, egz-er'shun, «. a bringing into active operation : effort : attempt. Exfoliate, eks-fs'li-at, v.i. to come off in scales. — n. Exifolia'tion. [L. ex/olio, ex/oliatus — -e^t, off, a.nd folium, a leaf. See Foliage.] Exhalation, egz-hal-a'shun, n. act or process of exhaling : evaporation : that which is exhaled : vapour : steam. [L. exhalatio — exhalo, -atus.\ Exhale, egz-hal', v.t. to emit or send out as vapour: to evaporate. — v.i. to rise or be given off as vapour. [Fr. exhaler — L. exhalare — ex, out, halo, halatiis, to breathe.] Exhaust, egz-hawst', v.t. to draw out the whole of: to use the whole strength of: to wear or tire out : to treat of or develop completely. [L. exhattrio, exhaustus — ex, out, and liaurio, to draw] [tied: consumed: tired out. Exhausted, egz-hawst'ed, adj. drawn out : emp- Exhauster, egz-hawst'er, «. he who or that which exhausts. [hausted. Exhaustible, egz-hawst'i-bl, adj. that may be ex- Exhaustion, egz-hawst'yun, «. act of exhausting or consuming : state of being exhausted : extreme fatigue. Exhaustive, egz-hawst'iv, adj. tending to exhaust Exhaustless, egz-hawst'les, adj. that cannot be exhausted. Exhibit, egz-hib'it, v.t. to hold forth or present A 164 fate, fSr ; me, her ; mine ; mSte ; mUte ; mSOn ; thc-a. Exhibition to view: to present formally or publicly. — ?is. Bxhlb'lter, Exhib'itor. [L. exhibeo, exhibitus — ex, out, habeo, /tabiius, to have or hold.] ExMbition, eks-hi-bish'un, «. presentation to view : display : a public show, esp. of works of art, manufactures, &c. : that which is e.xhibited : an allowance or bounty to scholars in a univer- sity. [Fr. — L. exhibitio.\ Exhibitioner, eks-hi-bish'un-er, «. one who enjoys an exhibition or allowance at a university. Exhlbitory, egz-hib'it-or-i, adj. exhibiting. Exhilarant, egz-hil'a-rant, adj. e.vhilarating : exciting joy, mirth, or pleasure. Exhilarate, egz-hil'a-rat, v.t. to make hilarious or merry : to enliven : to cheer. [L. exhilaro, cxhilaratus — ex, intensive, hilaris, cheerful.] Exhilarating, egz-hil'a-rat-ing, adj. cheering : gladdening. —rti/z/. Exhil'aratingly. Exhilaration, egz-hil-a-ra'shun, ii. state of being exhilarated : joyousness. Exhort, egz-hort', v.t. to urge strongly to good deeds, esp. by words or advice : to animate : to advise or warn. [Fr. exhortcr — L. exiiortor, -attis — ex, inten., hortor, to urge.] Exhortation, eks-hor-ta'shun, n. act or practice of exhorting to laudable deeds : language in- tended to exhort : counsel. [L. exfwrtatio.'\ Exhortative, egz-hort'a-tiv, Exhortatory, egz- hort'a-tor-i, adj. tending to exhort or advise. Exhumation, eks-hu-ma'shun, «. act of exhum- ing : disinterment. Exhume, eks-hum', v.t. to take out ^the ground, or place of burial: to disinter. [L. ex, out of, humus, the ground. See Humble. ] Exigence, eks'i-jens, Exigency, eks'i-jen-si, n. pressing necessity : emergency : distress. Exigent, eks'i-jent, adj. pressing: demanding immediate attention or action. [L. exigens, -ntis — exigo — ex, out, ago, to drive.] Exiguous, eks-ig'u-us, adj. small: slender. [L.] Exile, eks'Tl, n. state of being sent out of one's native country ; expulsion from home : banish- ment : one away from his native country. — 2>.t. to expel from one's native country, to banish. [Fr. exit — L. exsilium, banishment, exsul, an exile — ex, out of, and sobtin, soil, land.] Exility, eks-il'i-ti, «. slenderness, smallness. [L. exilis, slender, contr. for exigilis. See Exigent. ] Exist, egz-ist', v.i. to have an actual being: to live : to continue to be. [L. existo, exsisto — ex, out, and sisto, to make to stand.] Existence, egz-ist'ens, n. state of existing or being: continued being : life : anything that exists : a being. [L. existens, -entis, pr.p. oi existo.'l Existent, egz-ist'ent, adj. having being. Exit, eks'it, «. [orig.) a direction in playbooks to an actor to go off x\\s. stage : the departure of a player from the stage : any departure : a way of departure : a passage out : a quitting of the world's stage, or life : death. [L. exit, he goes out, exeo, to go out — ex, out, and eo, itum, to go.] Exodus, eks'o-dus, n. a going out or departure, esp. that of the Israelites from Egypt : the second book of the Old Testament narrating this event. [L. — Gr. exodos—ex, out, hodos, a way.] Exogamy, eks-og'am-i, fu the practice of marry- ing only outside of one's own tribe. [Gr. exo, out, divAgamos, marriage.] Exogen, eks'o-jen, «. a plant belongmg to the great class that increases by layers grooving on the outside of the wood. [Gr. exd, outside, and gen, root of gignomai, to be produced.] Exogenous, eks-oj'enus, adj. growing by succes- sive additions to the outside. Ezpeot Exonerate, egz-on'6r-5t, v.t. to free from the burden of blame or obligation : to acquit. [L. exonero, -atus — ex, from, onus, oneris, burden.] Exoneration, egz-on-er-a'shun, «. act of exoner- ating or freeing from a charge or blame. Exonerative, egz-on'er-a-tiv, adj. freeing from a burden or obligation. Exorbitance, egz-or'bi-tans. Exorbitancy, egz- or'bi-tan-si, «. state ",r quality of being exorbi- tant : extravagance : enormity. Exorbitant, egz-or'bi-tant, adj. going beyond the usual limits: excessive. — adv. Exor'bitantly. [Fr. — L. exorbitatts, -ntis, pr.p. of exorbito — ex, out of, and orbita, a track — orbis, a circle.] Exorcise, eks'or-slz, v.t. to adjure by some holy name : to call forth or drive away, as a spirit : to deliver from the influence of an evil spirit. [Through Late L., from Gr. exorkizo—ex, out, horkizo, to bind by an oath — horkos, an oath.] Exerciser, eks'or-slz-er. Exorcist, eks'or-sist, n. one who exorcises or pretends to expel evil spirits by adjurations. [Fr. exorciste—Gr, exor- kistes. ] Exorcism, eks'or-sizm, n. act of exorcising or ex- pelling evil spirits by certain ceremonies. [Fr. exorcisme — Gr. exorkismos.'] Exordial, egz-or'di-al, adj. pertaining to the exordium. Exordium, egz-or'di-um, n. the ititroditctory part of a discourse or composition. [L. — exordior, to begin a web — ex, out, and ordior, to begin, to weave.] Exostosis, eks-os-to'sis, n. [anat.) morbid en- largement of a bone. [Gr. ex, out of, and osteon, a bone.] Exoteric, eks-o-ter'ik, Exoterical, eks-o-ter'ik-al, adj. external : fit to be communicated to the public or multitude : — opposed to Esoteric. — n, Exoter'icism. [Gr. exoterikos — comp. formed from exo, without.] Exotic, egz-ot'ik, Exotical, egz-ot'ik-al, adj. in- troduced from a foreign countrj- : — the opposite of Indigenous. — «. anything of foreign origin : something not native to a country, as a plant, [L. — Gr. exotikos — exo, outward.] Expand, eks-pand', v. t. to spread out: to open or lay open : to enlarge in bulk or surface. — v.i. to become opened : to enlarge. [L. exfiando — ex, out, 3in/. (Scots Expensive, eks-pens'iv, adj. causing or requiring much expense : extravagant. — adv. Expens- ively.— «. Expens'lveness. Experience, eks-pe'ri-ens, «., thorough trial of: C radical acquaintance with any matter gained y trial : repeated trial : long and varied obser- vation, personal or general : wisdom derived from the changes and trials of life. — v.t. to make tri.al of, or practical acquaintance with : to prove or know by use : to suffer. [Fr.— L. experietitia, from experior — ex, intensive, and old verb perior, to try.] Experienced, eks-pe'ri-enst, txdj. taught by ex- perience : skilful : wise. Experiential eks-pe-ri-en'shal, adj. pertaining to or derived from experience. Experiment, eks-per'i-ment, «. a trial: some- thing done to prove some theory, or to discover something unknown. — v.i. to make an experi- ment or trial : to search by trial. [L. expert- mentum, from expericrr, to try thoroughly.] Experimental, eks-per-i-ment'al, adj. founded on or known by experiment : taught by experiment or experience. —rti/j'. Experlment'ally. Experimentalist, eks-per-i-ment'al-ist, Experi- mentlst, eks-per'i-ment-ist, n. one who makes experiments. Expert, eks-pert', adj. taught by practice : having a familiar knowledge : having a facility of per- formance : skilful, adroit. — n. eks'pert or eks- pert', one who is expert or skilled in any art or science : a scientific or professional witness.^ adv. Expertly.— «. Expert'ness. [Fr.— L. exf^ertus — experior, to try thoroughly.] Expiable, eks'pi-a-bl, adj. capable of being ex- piated, atoned for, or done away. Expiate, eks'pi-at, v.t. to make complete atone- ment for : to make satisfaction or reparation for. [L. expio, expiatus — ex. intensive, and pio, to appease, atone for — pius, pious.] Expiation, eks-pi-a'shun, «. act of expiating or atoning for : the means by which atonement is made: atonement. \\j. expiatio.\ Expiator, eks'pi-a-tor, n. one who expiates. Expiatory, eks'pi-a-tor-i, adj. having the power to make expiation or atonement. Expirable, eks-plr'a-bl, adj. that may expire or C"me to an end. Expiration, eks-pir-a'shun, n. a breathing out : death : end : that which is expired. [L. exspi- ratio.] Expiratory, eks-pl'ra-tor-i, adj. pertaining to ex- piration, or the emission of the breath. Expire, eks-plr', v.i. to breathe out: to emit or throw out from the lungs : to emit in minute particles. — v.i. to breathe out the breath or life : to die : to come to an end. [L. ex, out, and spiro, to breathe.] Expiry, eks'plr-i, tt. the end or termination : ex- piration. Explscate, eks-pisTcat, v. t. to jisk out or ascer- tain by artful means. [L. expiscor, expiscatus — ex, out, and piscor, to fish — piscis, a fish.] Explain, eks-plaa', v.t. to make plain or intelligi-- ble : tc unfold and illustrate the meaning of : to expound. [O. Fr. explaner — L. explano — ex out, piano — plamis, plain.] Explainable, eks-plan'a-bl, adj. that may be ex plained or cleared up. Explanation, eks-plan-a'shun, n. act of explaining or clearing from obscurity : that which explains or clears up : the meaning or sense given to any- thing : a mutual clearing up of matters. Explanatory, eks-plan'a-tor-i, adj. serving to ex- plain or clear up : containing explanations. Expletive, eks'ple-tiv, adj ., filling out: added for ornament or merely to fill up. — «. a word or syl- lable inserted for ornament or to fill up a vacancy. [L. expletivus — e^:, out, pleo, to fill.] Expletory, eks'ple-tor-i, adj. serving to fill up: expletive. Explicable, eks'pli-ka-bl, adj. capable of being explicated or explained. [L. expiicabilis.'] Explicate, eks'pli-kat, v.t. X.O fold out or unfold : to lay open or explain the meaning of. [L. ex- plico, explicatus or explicitus—ex, out, plico, to fold.] Explication, eks-pli-ka'shun, «. act of explicat- ing or explaining : explanation, [h. explicaiio.'\ Explicative, eks'pli-ka-tiv. Explicatory, eks'pli- ka-tor-i, adj. serving to explicate or explain. Explicit, eks-plis'it, adj. not implied merely, but distinctly stated : plain in language : clear : un- Wi SSte, far ; mS, her ; mine • m3te ; mute ; mSon ; than. Explode teserved.—ndv. Expllc'ltly. — «. Explic'ltness. [L. explicitus, from explico.] Explode, eks-plod', v.t. 10 cry down, as an actor : to bring into disrepute, and reject. — 7'.j. to burst with a loud report. [L. explodo—ex, out, and plaudo, to clap the hands.] Exploit, eks-ploit', n. a deed or achievement, esp. an heroic one : a feat.— z*. to work up, utilise. — «. Exploita'tlon. the act of successfully applying industry toany object, astheworkingofmines,&c. [Fr. exf>loit — L. explicitntn, ended, achieved.] Exploration, eks-plo-ra'shun, >i. act of exploring, or searching thoroughly. [See Explore.] Exploratory, eks-plor'a-tor-i, adj. serving to explore : searching out. Explore, eks-plor', v.t. to search through for the purpose of discovery : to examine thoroughly. [Fr. — L. explore, exploratus, to se.irch out— ^jr, out, and ploro, to make to flow, to weep.] Explorer, eks-plSr'er, n. one who explores. Explosion, eks-plo'zhun, n. act of exploding : a sudden violent burst with a loud report. Explosive, eks-plo'siv, adj. liable to or causing explosion : bursting out with violence and noise. — adv. Explo'sively. Exponent, cks-pO'nent, «. he or that which points out, or represents : {alg.) a figure which shews how often a quantity is to be multiplied by itself, as d^ : an index. [L. exponens — ex, out, and t'ono, to place.] Exponential, eks-po-nen'shal, adj. [alg. ) pertain- ing to or involving exponents. Export, eks-port', v.t. to carry or send out of a country, as goods in commerce. — n. Export'er. [L. exporto — ex, out of, and porta, to carry. See Port.] Export, eks'pOrt, n. act of exporting : that which is exported : a commodity which is or may be sent from one country to another, in traffic. Exportable, eks-pOrt'a-bl, adj. that may be ex- ported. Exportation, eks-pSr-ta'shun, n. act of exporting, or of conveying goods from one country to another. [See Export, v.t.] Expose, eks-pOz', 71. t. to place or lay forth to view : to deprive of cover, protection, or shelter : to make bare : to e.xplain : to make liable to : to disclose.— «. Exposer [Fr. exposer—h. ex, out, and Fr. poser, to place. See Pose, «.] Exposition, eks-po-zish'un, n. act of exposing, or laying open : a setting out to public view : a public exhibition : act of expoundmg, or laying open of the meaning of an author : explanation. Expositor, eks-po/i-tor, n. one who or that which expojinds or explains : an interpreter. Expository, eks-poz'i-tor-i, adj. serving to ex- pound or explain : explanatory. Expostulate, eks-post'u-lat, v.i. to reason ear- nestly with a person on some impropriety of his conduct : to remonstrate. — n. Expost'Ulator. [L. expostulo, expostnlatjis — ex, intensive, and postido. to demand.] Expostulation, eks-post-u-la'shun, n. act of ex- postulating, or reasoning earnestly with a person against his conduct : remonstrance. Expostulatory, eks-post'u-la-tor-i, adj. containing expostulation Exposure, eks-p5'zhur, n. act of exposing or lay- ing open or bare : state of being laid open or bare : openness to danger ; position with regard to the sun, influence of climate, &c. Expound, eks-pownd', v.t. to expose, or lay open the meaning of : to explain. [O. Fr. espondre — L. exponc — ex, and pono, to place. ] Extensible Expounder, eks-pownd'er, n. one who expounds: an interpreter. Express, eks-pres', v.t. to press or force out: to represent or make known by a likeness or by words : to declare : to designate. [L. ex, out, and Press.] Express, eks-pres', adj. pressed or clearly brought out : exactly representing : directly stated : explicit: clear : intended or sent for a particular purpose. — n. a messenger or conveyance sent on a special errand : a regular and quick conveyance. —adj. Expressible, adv. Expressly. Expression, eks-presh'un, n. act of expressing or forcing out by pressure : act of representing or giving utterance to : faithful and vivid represen- tation by language, art, the features, &c. : that which is expressed : look : feature : the manner in which anything is expressed : tone of voice or sound in music. — adj. Express'ionless. Expressive, eks-pres'iv, adj. serving to express or indicate : full of expression : vividly representing : significant.— arfi-. Express'ivoly.— «. Express'- iveness. Expulsion, eks-pul'shun, n, banishment. [L. ex puis to. See Expel.] [expel. Expulsive, eks-pul'siv, adj. able or serving to Expunge, eks-punj', v.t. to wipe out: to efface. [L. ex, out, anApungo, to prick.] Expurgate, eks-pur'gat or eks'pur-, v.t. to purge out or render pure : to purify from anything noxious or erroneous. [L. exp7irgo, expurgatus — ex, out, and purgo, to purge or purify, from purus, pure.] (gating or purifying. Expurgation, eks-pur-gashun, n. act of expur- Expurgator, eks'pur-ga-tor or eks-pur'ga-tor, n. one who expurgates or purifies. Expurgatory, eks-pur'ga-tor-i, adj. serving to ex- purgate or purify. Exquisite, eks'kwi-zit, adj. of superior quality : excellent : of delicate perception or close Sis- crimination : not easily satisfied : fa.stidious : exceeding, extreme, as pain. — n. one exquisitely nice or refined in dress : a fop. — adv. Ex'qul- sitely. — n. Ex'quisiteness. [L. exguisitus — ex, out, and qucero, qucesitiis, to seek.] Exsanguious, eks-sang'gwi-us, Exsanguinous, eks-sang'gwin-us, adj., without blood or red blood. [L. ex, pnv., and sanguis, sanguinis, blood.] {scindo,^aQ.\A.\ Exscind, ek-sind', v.t. to cut off. [L. ex, off; and Extant, ekstant, adj., standijig out, or above the rest : still standing or existing. [L. exstans, -antis — ex, out, and sto, to stand.] Extasy. Same as Ecstasy. Extatic. Same as Ecstatic. Extemporaneous, eks-tem-po-ra'ne-us. Extem- porary, eks-tem'po-rar-i, adj. done on the spur of the moment done without preparation : off'- \i2,xiA.—adv. Extempora'neously. [L. extem- poranens-ex, and tempus, temporis, time.] Extempore, eks-tem'po-re, adv. on the spur of the moment : without preparation : suddenly. [L. ex tempore— ex, out of, and tempits, tem- poris, time.] Extemporise, eks-tem'po-rlz, v.t. \.ozyt.^ extem- pore or without previous preparation ; to dis- course without notes : to speak off-hand. Extend, eks-tend', z/ t. to stretch out : to prolong in any direction : to enlarge : to widen : to hold out : to bestow or impart. — v.t. to stretch : to be continued in length or breadth. [L. extendo, extentus—ex, out, tendo, tensum, to stretch.] Extensible, eks-tens'i-bl. Extensile, eks-tens'Tl, adj. that may be extended.— n. Extens'ibillty. ifate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; mOon ; then. 187 Extension Extension, eks-ten'shun, «. a stretching out, pro- longation, or enlargement : that property of a body by which it occupies a portion of space. Extensive, ekf.-tens'iv, ai/j. large : comprehensive. —ativ. Extensively.— «. Extens'lveness. Extent, eks-tent', «. the space or degree to which a thing is exttiidcd: bulk : compas^. Extenuate, eks-ten'u-ilt, v.t. to lessen or dimi- nish : to weaken the force of: to palliate.—//. Exten'uai.Or. ^u. extenuo, extenuatus—ex, intensive, and ienuo, from temiis, thin ] Extenuating, eks-ten'u-at-ing, adj. lessening: palliating. — adv. Exten'uatingly. Extenuation, eks-ten-u-a'shun, «. act of represent- ing anything as less wrong or criminal than It is : palliation : mitigation. Extenuatory, eks-ten'u-a-tor-i, adj. tending to extenuate : palliative. Exterior, eks-te'ri-or, atij., outer: outward: on or from the outside : foreign. — n. outward, part or surface: outward form or deportment : appear- ance. [L. exterior, comp. of exter, outward, from ex, out.] Exterminate, eks-ter'mi-nat, v.t. to destroy utterly : to put an end to: to root out.— ?i. Ex- ter'minator. [L. extermhto, extenni?mtus— ex, out of, and terniinus, a boundary.] Extermination, eks-ter-mi-na'shun, n. complete destruction or extirpation. Exterminatory, eks-ter'mi-na-tor-i, adj serving or tending to exterminate. External, eks-ter'nal, adj., exterior, outward: that may be seen : apparent : not innate or in- trinsic : derived from without : accidental : foreign.— ao'z/. Exter'nally. [L. extemus— exter. ] [outward forms or ceremonies. Externals, eks-ter'nalz, n.pl. the outward parts : Extinct, eks-tinkt', adj. put out: no longer exist- ing : dead. [See Extinguish.] Extinction, eks-tingk'shun, n. a quenching or destroying : destruction : suppression. Extinguish, eks-ting'gwish, v.t. to quench: to destroy: to obscure by superior splendour.— adj. Exting'uishable. [L. exstinguo, ex- stinctus — ex, out, and sting- n, to quench, to prick, from root stig, to prick.J Extinguisher, eks-ting'gwish-er, n. a small hollow conical instrument for putting out a candle. Extirpate, eks-ter'pat, v.t. to root out: to destroy totally : to exterminate.— «. Extlr'pator. [L. exstirpo, exstirj>atus~ex, out, and stirps, a _ ''°.°'] . . [total destruction. extirpation, eks-ter-pa'shun, «. extermination : £xtol, eks-tol , v.t. to magnify : to praise -.—prp extoU'ing : pap. extolled'. [L. extoUo—ex, up tollo, to lift or raise.] Extorsive, eks-tors'iv, adj. serving or tending to extort. — adv. Extors'lvely. Extort, eks-tort', v.t. to gain or draw from by compulsion or violence. [ L. extoj-queo, extort?cs — i-jr, out, and torgueo, to twist.] Extortion, eks-tor'shun, n. illegal or oppressive exaction : that which is extorted. Extortionary, eks-tor'shun-ar-i, adj. pertaining to or implying extortion. Extortionate, eks-tor'shun-at, adj. oppressive. Extortioner, eks-tor'shun-er, n. one who prac- tises extortion. Extra, eks'tra, adj., beyond or more than is neces- sary : extraordinary : additional. [L. extra, beyond, outside of, contracted from extera— exter— ex, out, and root tar, to cross.] \ Extract, eks-trakt', v.t. to draw out by force or otherwise : to choose out or select : to find out : ' 168 Extrusion to distil.— a<^-. Extraot'lble. [L. extraho, ex- tractus~ex, out, and trako, to draw.] Extract, eks'trakt, n. anything drawn from a substance by heat, distillation, &c. as an essence : a passage taken from a book or writing Extra,Ctlon, eks-trak'shun, «. act of extracting or drawing out: derivation from a stock or family : birth : lineage : that which is extracted. iiXtractive, eks-trakt'iv, adj. tending or serving to extract.— «. an extract. [extracts. Extractor, eks-trakt'or, n. he who or that which Extradition, eks-tra-dish'un, n. a delivering up by one government to another of fugitives from justice. [L. ex, from, and traditio— trade, traditus, to deliver up.] Extra-judicial, eks tra-joo-dish'al, adj., out of the proper court, or beyond the usual course of legal proceeding. [Extra and Judicial ] Extra-mundane, eks'tra-mun'dan, adj.. beyond the material world. [Extra and Mundane.] Extra-mural, eks'tra-mn'ral, adj. without or be- yond the walls. [Extra and Mural.] Extraneous, eks-tran'yus, adj. external : foreign : not belonging to or dependent on a thing : not essential.— at/z/. Extran'eously. [L. extrajieus, from extra. See Extra.] Extraordinarles, eks-tror'di-nar-iz, n.pl. things that exceed the usual order, kind, or method. Extraordinary, eks-tror'di-nar-i, adj., beyond ordinary : not usual or regular : wonderful • special, —adv. Extraor'dlnarily. [Extra and Ordinary.] Extravagance, eks-trav'a-gans, n. irregularity : excess : lavish expenditure. Extravagant, eks-trav'a-gant, adj., waftderitig beyottd bounds : irregular : unrestrained : ex- cessive : profuse in expenses : wasteful.— arfz/. Extrav'agantly. [L. extra, beyond, and vagans, -antis, pr.p. oi vagor, to wander.] Extravaganza, eks-trav-a-gan'za, n. an extrava- gant or wild and irregular piece of music. Extravasate, eks-trav'a-sat, V. t. to let out of the proper vessels, as blood. [L. extra, out of, and vas, a vessel.] Extreme, eks-trem', adj., outermost: most re- mote : last : highest in degree : greatest : most violent: most urgent.— «. the utmost point or verge : end : utmost or highest limit or degree : great necessity. — adv. Extremely. [Fr. ex- treme—'L. extremus, superl. of exter, on the outside, outward.] Extremity, eks-trem'i-ti, n. the utmost limit, point, or portion : the highest degree : greatest necessity, emergency, or distress. [Fr. extre- inite — L. extremitas.'\ Extricate, eks'tri-kat, v.t. to free from hinder- ances or perplexities : to disentangle : to emit. —adj. Ex'tricable. [L. extrico, extricatus— ^-J-, out, tricie, trifles, hinderances.] Extrication, eks-tri-ka'shun, «. disentanglement : act of sending out or evolving. Extrinsic, eks-trin'sik. Extrinsical, eks-trin'sik-al, adj. on the outside or outward: external : not contained in or belonging to a body : foreign : not essential :— opposed to Intrinsic— aa'z/. Ex- trin'slcally. [Fr.— L. extrinsecus— exter, out- ward, and secus, from the same root as seouor to follow.] ' Extrude, eks-troSd', v.t. to force or urge out: to expel : to drive off. [L. extrude, extrusus—ex, out, and trudo, to thrust.] Extrusion, eks-troo'zhun, n. act of extruding, thrusting, or throwing out : expulsion. fate, far ; mg, her ; mine ; mSte ; mate ; mOTn ; thtn. Exuberance Exuberance, eks-uTDer-ans, Exuberancy, eks-u'- ber-an-si, «. an overflowing quantity ; richness : superfluousness. Exuberant, eks-uTjer-ant, adj. plenteous : over- flowing : superfluous. — adv. ExuTOerantly. [L. ejniberans, pr.p. of extibero — ex, intensive, and uber, rich, abundant.] Exudation, eks-u-da'shun, «. act of exuding or discharging through pores : the sweat, &c. exuded. Exude, eks-ud', v.t. to discharge by sweating: to discharge through pores or incisions, as sweat, moisture, &c. — v.i. to flow out of a body through the pores. [L. ex, out, sudo, to sweat.] Exult, egz-ult', v.i. to rejoice exceedingly: to triumph.— Wr'. Exult'ingly. [L. exsulto, from exsilio — ex, out or up, and salio, to leap.] Exultant, egz-ult' ant, adj., exitltingi triumphant. [L. exsuiia>is.] j Exultation, egz-ul-ta'shun, «. lively joy at any advantage gained : rapturous delight : trans- ' port. [L. exsuitatio.'\ Exuviae, eks-u'vi-e, n.^l.,casi-o^ skins, shells, or I other coverings of animals : (geol.) fossil shells and other remains of animals. [L., from exuo, to draw or put off'.] Eyalet, I'a-let, n. a division of the Turkish em- pire. [From an Arab, word sig. government. Vilayet is a doublet ] Eye, I, «. the organ of sight or vision, more cor- rectly the globe or movable part of it : the power of seeing : sight : regard : aim : keen- ness of perception : anything resembling an eye, as the hole of a needle, loop or ring for a hook, &c.—v.t. to look on: to observe narrowly: — fr.p. ey'ing or eye'ing; /a./, eyed' (\i).—n. Eye'-Shot, the reach or range of sight of the eye. [A.S. eage : Goth, augo ; Ger. auge : Slav, oko; allied to Or. okos, osse, the two eyes, connected with ossomai, to see ; L. oculus. Sans. aksha.'\ Eyeball, I'bawl, «. the ball, globe, or apple of the eye. Eyebright, I'brlt, n. a. beautiful little plant of the genus Euphrasia, formerly used as a remedy for diseases of the eye. [the eye. Eyebrow, I'brow, «. the brow or hairy arch above Eyelash, Ilash, «. the line of hairs that edges the eyelid. [Eye and Lash.] Eyeless, I'les, ad/, without eyes or sight. Eyelet, I'let, Eyelet-bole, Ilet-hol, «. a small eye or hole to receive a lace or cord, as in garments, sails, &c. [Fr. oeillet, dim. of ceil, an eye.] Eyelid, I'lid, «. the lid or cover of the eye: the portion of movable skin by means of which the eye is opened or closed at pleasure. Eye-service, I'-ser'vis, «., service performed only under the eye or inspection of an employer. Eyesight, Isit, n. power of seeing : view : obser- vation, [sive to the eye. Eyesore, I'sor, «. anything that is sore or offen- EyetOOth, r'tooth, n. a tooth in the upper jaw next the grinders, with a long fang pointing towards the eye. [done. Eye- witness, J'-wit'nes, n. one who sees a thing Eyre, ar, «. a journey or circuit : a court of itin- erant justices : justices in eyre formerly corre- sponded to our present justices of assize. [O. Fr. eire, journey, from L. iter, a way, a journey — eo, itum, to go.] Eyry, Eyrie, Aerie, e're or a're, ». a place where birds of prey construct their nests and hatch their eggs : a brood of eagles or hawks. [Fr. aire, from Ger. aar, an eagle ; cog. with Ice. art, an eagle.] Factions Fable, fa'bl, n. a feigned story or tale intended to instruct or amuse : the plot or series of events in an epic or dramatic poem : fiction : a false- hood. — v.t. to feign : to invent. \¥r. fable — L. fabula, from jari, to speak.] Fabric, fab'rik or fiT^rik, «., ivorktnanship : tex- ture : anything framed by art and labour : build- ing : manufactured cloth : any system of con- nected parts. [Fr. — L. fabrica—faber, a worker in hard ■m.aX&rXzk^—facio, to make.] Fabricate, fab'ri-kat, V. t. to put together by art and labour : to manufacture : to produce : to devise falsely. — 71. Fab'ricator. [L. fabrico, fabricatits , hom/abrica. See Fabric] Fabrication, fab-ri-ka'shun, n. construction : manufacture : that which is fabricated or in- vented : a story : a falsehood. Fabulise, fab'u-llz, v.t. to write fables, or to speak in fables. Fabulist, fab'u-list, n. one who invents_/(Z^/.?.f. Fabulous, fab'u-lus, adj. feigned, as a fable : re- lated in fable : false.— adv. Fab'ulOUSly. [L. fabitlosiis.] Fagade, fa-sad', n. the face or fro?tt of a building. [Fr., from It. facciata, the front of a building, faccia, the face — L. fades. See Face.] Face, fas, «. the visible forepart of the head : the outside make or appearance : front : cast of features: look: boldness: presence: (B.) anger or favour. [Yr.face — 'L. fades, form, ia.ce—fado,to make, akin to Gr. ^haino, to cause to appear.] Face, fas, v.t. to meet in the fcue or in front : to stand opposite to : to resist : to put an addi- tional face or surface on : to cover in front. — v.i. to turn the face. [of a corpse. Facecloth, fas'kloth, 71. a cloth laid over the face Facet, fas'et, n. a little face : a small surface, as of a crystal. [Fr. facette, dim. of face. '\ FacetiSB, fa-se'shi-e, 7t.pl. ivitty or humorous say- ings or writings. [\-,.—facetus, merry, witty.] Facetious, fa-se'shus, adj. witty, humorous, iocose.—adzi. Face'tiously.— «. Face'tious- ness. [Fr., from 'L.facetiie.] Facial, fa'shal, adj. of or relating to the face. — oiiv. Fa'cially. Facile, fas'il, adj. easily persuaded : yielding : easy of access : courteous : easy. [Fr., from L. facilis, that may be done, easy, from facio, to do.] [difficulty. Facilitate, fa-sil'i-tat, v.t. to make easy : to les!.en Facility, fa-sil'i-ti, 71. quality of being facile or easily done: dexterity : easiness to be persuaded : pliancy : easiness of access : affability. — /I. Facilities, means that render anything easy to be done. [Fr. — L. facilitas.] Facing, fas'ing, 71. a covering in front for orna- ment or protection. Fac-simile, fak-sim'i-le, «. an exact copy. [L. fac, contr. of factzt77t, mude— facia, to make, and si//iilis, like.] Fact, fakt, «. a deed or anything do7te : anything that comes to pass : reality : truth : the asser- tion of a thing done. [L. faction, from facio, to make.] Faction, fak'shun, n. a company of persons asso- ciated or acti/ig together, mostly used in a bad sense : a contentious party in a state or society : dissension. [Ij.factio, Uom facio, to do.] Factious, fak'shus, adj. turbulent : disloyal. — adv. Fac'tiously.— «. Factiousness. [L. fac- tiosus—factio.'\ fate, far ; mS, h6r : mine ; mOte ; mOte ; miSCn : ^/«en. 1^ Factitious PactltlOUS, fak-tish'us, adj., made by art ,n Cr"rL /I'fv-'^ natural.-a^^^. Fact '- Factor Talc W-^rl'^'r' '^^°'">^'^- '° niake.J Tlo f \' • ^ "'"*' O"" transactor of busi- ?or^o h'r""°"'"= °"-'^ ^^° '^"y^ and sel°s goods lor other-,, on commission • one of tv«,^ ^.- ™ quantities which, multiplied LgLhcrf^rr a' product.—//. Fao'torshlD ri i^dr^ r ■ ? ^T:r-^V'--^'^' " '^^ ^'- or'-co^rn^^Ln '^^?JnSS^'"^P---«-orco„- sSenfin^'-S"- =^ '"-""factory: a trading ofthelast In^- r^"' '^°""'^' ^« 'he factory Faotot?,m f I -'? Company at Calcutta. ^ 2'°/^i'nd'fo" rrw" TlV''^--^"" rP'°>'^'* ^° FacultTT- f,i' I .^^°'^'^- rL.y^«(7,.and /o/«j. all.l '^s.'/;l';>i,rf'' '■"'"■'- ""■ •'-"■ »-«i Fade, fad, -n.i. to lose strength freshnes-s cr colour gradually.-«^y. Fadeless [Fr!>.r r '"/'P"'' S""" Vf'"«^' ^'"y- insipid.] •^' after "Jnff^"''' ^''>-,?-^-^' ^^'"-'^•^•- ^^diment after infusion or distillation: excrement. [L. pi. of fcpx,/(eczs, grounds] "■ ' ,,?; 1 ^' ^r • '° become weary or tired out : to work as a fag :_/^./. fagg'ing ; M-A fagged' - forced T^A '''^""'■^ ''^^ ^ ^™dg^= ^ school boy forced to do menial offices for one older. TEtv Fai" end'^'f '^ ""T' °^l^^^' *°'^™°P- which see^j fag-end, fag-end, «. the end of a web of cloth a ronf "^r"" ']?"S^ '°°^^ = '^e untwisted end of FaVot^oVp^L'^f"? °^ '"'^"^'" P^" °f =^ thing. for fuel f^fil^^"'- "^^ ^"'if '' --^^^'■^'^Ased lor tuel . a stick : anything like a faeot • a sold.er numbered on the muster-roll, b^?t "not really existing : a voter who has obtained his vote expressly for party purposes.-«/.. inclined : content p,^'%dly_ [A.S.>.^^„, joyful ; lce./e^inn, glad.] lSJ;nl''"H= ,'''^- ^^"""S '" ^'^^"g'h : 'fading : lacking distmctness: not bright or forcible- weak in spir.t : lacking courage fdepressed .done in a feeble way.-r...'. to become feeble or weak to lose strength, colour, &c. : to swoon? to fade or decay: to vanish: to lose courage or spirk^ to become depressed. -arf„. Faintly. [Used of ^anything that cannot bear trial or proof, from FaU 170 fate, far; mg, her; mine; mate; mute; mOOn; ^>5en. ^^J^^^&^--^ or slightly Falntness, fant'nes, n. want of strength • feeble Fa r, far, „. a/«.>«.^;„4.JThe Fa r Ti/ th^ Fair, far, «. a stated market. [O. Fr. /./^/Vom ^^lYu'inan'form " i'naginanr being, said to assume a human form, and to influence theya^'^ of man u- V--^^'"'''' enchantment-Fr. /^ See Pav' which would have been the correct form S I P«fvl"^rP'',?P"'''>' ^" abstract word.] *°™> >'':>' vf^llnA' ^-■^■- ^°^ °J belonging to /airies. th7Ss. "'^"'^' "■ '^^ ™^gi"ary country of ^f !^' /?'h. «., /'^(st or coujidence in any person • tru h n? """ ^'^'--"ent of another: belief'^in "Ce in PnH . 'I^^'^'' religion: confidence and trust bel ef • fi^ heheved : any system of religious belief, fidelity to promises: honesty: wofd or honour pledged [ME. feith, fey\ J^y-^. J\\\/r J. ■\,-^^"~-^'^''' '° "■ust; connected P Jtif 9''- ^'\"'°' '° persuade. ] <-onnectea Faithful, fath'fool, adj. full of faith, believing- firm in adherence to promises, duty allegirnce' &c.. loyal: conformable to truth worfhy of Faith'fun"^"- ^H .Jl^/tWul, believers -^rf^*^ p,(f^, ^^y— "• Faith'fulness. nn^h'r' ^^'''''"' '?^-'- ^"hout faith or belief- not believing, esp. in God or Christianity not adhering to proniises, allegiance, or duty : de"u- FaWrT^'v • ^^it^^«ssly.-«. Faithaessness Fakir, faker or fa-ker', n. a member of a religious o.der of mendicants in India and the neighbour- ing countnes. [Ar.>^/,«r, poor.] "^'^'"'°"'^- ind*';/f b''V ^^l''^^^\ '•aPkat-id, adj. [asir. and (^^/.) bent like a sickle, as the crescent ^^ra^fcklel"^'" ■^^^^^- fL. >/...,.,"fr Palchlon fawl'shun, n. a short crooked sword falcated or bent somewhat like a sickle fit vlto^'rY^ ^-y^^""' from L.>/^^a s ck e j Falcon, faw'kn, « a bird of prey former y trained /T/f^' ^ ^?°'',°'' ^''^'^'e: 'he bird being so called from its hooked claws 1 ^ Falconer, faw'kn-er. «. one who sports with or who breeds and trains>/f^«^ or hawks Tor tak- ing wi Id-l owl. [Fr. /ar^coumer. ] '^^ Falconry, aw'kn-ri, «. the art' of training or Fald^loo!T"^-^-^'''T• fFr.>«r.««.„V..j"'^ a kind ^f r'1 '/"^'-u"- .^.-/""^'^^V or camp ./<,^/.. a kind of stool for the king to kneel on at his coronation: a bishops seat within the altar a small desk at which the litany ,s sung or said From Low L./aldlslollum-O. H. cL/hlda^ (Ger. fallenj, to fold, and slual (Ger. s/ua7 stool, seat, or throne; Fr. /auleull is fromihe same source.] Fall, fawl, z/./, to dropdown: to descend by the force of gravity : to become prostrate : (of a river) o discharge itself : to sink as if dead:\o vaXh • to die away: to lose strength: to decline in Fall power, wealth, value, or reputation : to sink into sin : to depart from the faith : to become dejected : to pass gently into any state : to befall : to issue : to enter upon with haste or vehemence : to rush : —pr.p. fall'ing; pa.t. fell ; pa.p. fallen (fayin). [\.S. /eallan ; Ger. /alien ; connected with L. /alio, to deceive, Gr spkallo. to cause to fall, Sans, spltal, to tremble. See Fail.] Fall, fawl, «. the act of /ailing, in any of its senses : descent by gravity : a dropping down : overthrow : death : descent from a better to a worse position : slope or declivity : descent of water : a cascade : length of a fall : outlet of a river : decrease in value : a sinking of the voice : the time when the leaves fall, autumn : that which falls : a lapse into sin, especially that of Adam and Eve, caHed The Fall:—//. {Apo- crypha) death, overthrow. Fallacious, fal-la'shus, adj. calculated to deceive or mislead : not well founded : causing disap- pointment : delusive. — adv. Falla'ciously. — n. Fallaciousness. [L. fallaciosus.] Fallacy, fal'a-si, «. something /allacious : de- ceptive appearance : an apparently genuine but really illogical argument, [^■c./ahace, deceit — • L. /allacia, from fallax, deceptive, /alio, to deceive.] Fallibility, fal-i-bil'i-ti, n. liability to err. Fallible, fal'i-bl, adj. liable to error or mistake. — adv. Fall'ibly. [Low h. /allibilis , hom/allo.] Fallow, fal'o, adj. left untilled or unsowed for a time. — «. land that has lain a year or more un- tilled or unsown after having been ploughed. — v.i. to plough land without seeding it. [Orig. yellow or reddish yellow, and applied to land unsown or left bare of a crop, from its reddish colour; horn A.S. /ealo ; Ger. /ali,/a/ti ; allied to L. pallidiis, Gr. polios, livid. Sans, palita, gray. Fallow is an extension oi/al- = pal- in pale.^ Fallow-deer, fal'3-der, «. a species of deer smaller than the red-deer, with broad flat antlers, and of a yellowisk-hrov/n. colour. [untilled. FallOWness, fal'o-nes, «. state of being /alhnv or False, fawls, adj., deceptive or deceiving: un- truthful : unfaithful to obligations : untrue : not genuine or real : hypocritical : not well founded. —a(/i'. Falsely.— «. False'ness. [O. ^x. /ah {/aux) — L. /alsiis, pa.p. oi /alio, to deceive. See Fail, Fall, Fallacious.] Falsehood, fawls'hood, «. state or quality of being /alse: want of truth : want of honesty : de- ceitfulness : false appearance : an untrue state- ment: a lie. [False, and hood, A. S. had, state] Falsetto, fawl-set'o, «. a /alse or artificial voice : a range of voice beyond the natural compass. Wt./atsetto, from root of False.] Falsification, fawls-i-fi-ka'shun, 71. the act of viaking/alse : the giving to a thing the appear- ance of something which it is not. Falsifier, fawls'i-fl'er, «. one who /ahi/ies or gives to a thing a false appearance. Falsify, fawls'i-ft, v.t. to forge or counterfeit: to prove untrustworthy : to break by falsehood : — Pn'.p. fals'ifying ; pa.p. fals'ified. [L. /alsjis, false, ^nd/acio, to make.] Falsity, fawls'i-ti, «. quality of being /alse : a false assertion. [L./alsitas, irom/alsus, false.] Falter, fawl'ter, v.i. to fail or stutter in speech : to tremble or totter : to be feeble or irresolute. [Lit , to be at fault ; from root of Fault ; cf. Sv?in. /altar, It./altare, to be deficient.] Falterlngly, fawl'ter-ing-li, adv. in a./altering or hesitating manner. Fandango Fame, fiir., «. public report or rumour: renown or celebrity, good or bad. [Fr. — L,./ama, from /ari, to speak; Gv. pheme, hom p/iemi, to say, make known. Sans, bli&sh, to speak, A.S. ban- nan, to proclaim.] Famed, famd, adj renowned. Familiar, fa-milyar, adj, well acquainted or intimate : shewing the manner of an intimate : free : having a thorough knowledge of : well known or understood. — n. one well or long acquainted : a demon supposed to attend at c2\\.—adv. Famil'iarly. [_L. /awiliaris, from /amilia, a family.] Familiarise, fa-mil'yar-Iz, v.t. to make thoroughly acquainted : to accustom : to make easy by practice or studjr. Familiarity, fa-mil-ye-ar'i-ti, n. intimate acquaint- anceship : freedom from constraint, [h. /ami- lia fit as.] Family, fam'i-li, «. the household, or all those who live in one house under one head : the descendants of one common progenitor : race : honourable or noble descent : a group of animals, plants, languages, &c. more comprehensive than a genus. [Fr. — L. /amilia— /amulzes, a servant.] Famine, fam'in, n. general scarcity of food. [Fr., through an unrecorded Low L. /amina, from Li. /a>jit's, hunger.] Famish, fam'ish, 7'.t. to starve. — v.i. to die or suffer extreme hunger or thirst : to suffer from exposure. Famishment, fam'ish-ment, n. starvation. Famous, fa'mus, adj. renowned : noted. — adv. Famously. IL. /amosus, from /aina.] Fan, fan, n. a broad, flat instrument used by ladies to cool themselves : anything ol this form, as for winnowing grain, &c. : a small sail to keep a windmill to the wind.— v.t. to cool with a fan : to winnow : to ventilate : — pr.p. .fann'- 'u\%; pa.p. fanned'. \K.%. /ann, ¥t. van, both from L. vatmus, a fan.] Fanatic, fa-nat'ik. Fanatical, fa-nat'ik-al, adj. extravagantly or unreasonably zealous, esp. in religion : excessively enthusiastic— «^, from>//, to seize ; ^ex./anscn, to catch.] .n?!h' '"''"^'^' 1'P- ^=»/'"S /^■'"S^, clutches, or anything resembling them. Fanlight, fan'llt, «. a window resembling in form an o^m« ,• Ger.fahren, to go ] Fajewell, far-wel' or far'-, int. m^y yon fare well! an affectionate prayer for safety or success.-^, well-wishmg at parting : the act of departure.- adj. parting : final. ^ Far-fetched, far'-fecht, adj., fetdted or brought iratu"-^^'^"'/-. ><'^/>i/«.f, a fourth part-p/^i7^/A, fourth, and dun. ing^ or litig—feor, ^^,j;!^''^f^°\^^'''l^'"2-S^'' '^^ ^ "^'"d of crinoline made of whalebone for distending the dress introduced by Queen Elizabeth. [Fr. vertugad^, O. Fr. verdugalle-'S.'^. verdugado, hooped— ■verdjigo ^ rod, a young s\,oo\.-verde , green- L. z/z^oTij-, green.] ^ Fasces fas'ez, «.//. {i?(„„^„ aniiguities) a ^a«, a bundle. ] tashlon, fash'un, «. the make or cut of a thing- form or pattern : prevailing mode or shape of dress : a prevailing custom : manner : genteel society :(New Test.) appear^nce.~v.t. to make." to mould according to a pattern: to suit or adapt.-«. Fash'ioner. [Fr.fafon-L.faciio— jacuj, to make.] Fashionahle, fash'un-a-bl, adj made according ' to prevailing /«.r>4z^„; prevailing or in use at any penod : observant of the fashion in dress or rr^i?/; eenteel : moving in high society.— o^t, Fash'ionably.-«. Fash'lonableness tast, fast, adj firm: fixed: steadfast— alen. 1 Fast Fear Fast, fast, adj. quick: rash: dissipated. — adv. swiftly : in rapid succession : extravagantly. [A special use oi fast, firm, derived from the Scand., in the sense of urgent or pressing.] Fast, fast, v.i. to keep from food : to go hungry : to abstain from food in whole or part, as a religious duty. — n. abstinence from food: special abstinence enjoined by the church : the day of fasting.— ?w. Faster, one who fasts; Fast'ing, religious abstinence ; Fast'-day, a day of religious fasting. [A. S. ftestan, to fast; Ger. fastefi, Goth. Jastafi, to keep ; allied with Fast, firm, in the sense of making firm or strict.] Fasten, fas'n, z>.i. to maMe Jasi or tight : to fix securely : to attach firmly one thing to another. —V.!. to fix itself.— «. Fas'tening, that which fastens. Fastidious, fas-tid'i-us, adj. affecting superior taste : over-nice : difficult to please. — adv. Fas- tidiously.— «. Fastid'iousness. [L./asHdiosus —fastidiutn, \o2A!ta.n%—fasttis, pride, and te- diitm, loathing.] [fortress, castle. Fastness, fast'nes, n. fixedness : a stronghold, Fat, fat, adj. plump, fleshy: fruitful: gross. — «. an oily substance under the skin : solid animal oil : the richest part of anything. — v.t. to make fat. — v.i. to grow fat :—jt. Fatt'iness. [imbecility. Fatuity, fa-tu'i-ti, n. the being feeble in intellect : Fatuous, fat'u-us, adj. silly : without reality : de- ceptive, like the ignis-fatuzts. [L. fatuus, foolish.] Fauces, faw'sez, n.pl. the upper part of the throat from the root of the tongue to the entrance of the gullet. [L.] Faucet, faw'set, n. a pipe inserted in a barrel to draw liquid. [Fr. fausset—fausser, to falsify, to pierce — h.fzlsus. See False.] Faugh, faw, int. an exclamation of contempt or disgust. [Prob. from the sound.] Fault, fawlt, u. a failing : error : blemish : a slight offence : {geol. and tnin.) a displacement of strata or veins. [Fr. faute — L. fallo, to deceive.] Faultless, fawlt'Ies, adj. -without fault or defect. —adv. Fault 'lessly.—«. Faultlessness. Faulty, fawlt'i, adj. imperfect : guilty of a fault : blamable.— rti/z/. Faultily.— «. Fault'iness. Faun, fawn, «. a rural deity among the Romans — the protector of shepherds and agriculture. [L. faumts, irorafaveo,fautum, to favour.] Fauna, fawn'a, n.pl. the animals native to- any region or epoch, so called because protected by the Fauns. Favour, faVur, n. a regarding kindly : counten- ance : good-will : a kind deed : an act of grace or lenity: a knot of white ribbons worn at a wedding. — v.t. to regard with good-will : to be on the side of: to treat indulgently: to afford advantage to.—n. Fa'vourer. [Fr.—L. favor— faveo, to favour, befriend.] Favourable, fa'vur-a-bl, adj. friendly : propitious : conducive to : advantageous. — adv. Fa'VOUT- ahly.— «. Favourableness. Favourite, fa'fur-it, «. a person or thing regarded ^ithfavoitr: one unduly loved. — adj. esteemed, beloved, preferred. — n. Fa'VOUrltlsm, the prac- tice of favouring or shewing partiality. Fawn, fawn, n. a young deer. — adj. resembling a fawn in colour. — v.i. to bring forth a fawn. [Fr. faon, through an unrecorded Low L. faetonus, an extension of l... foetus; offspring.] Fawn, fawn, V. i. to cringe : to flatter in a servile way (followed by upon). — n. a servile cringe or bow : mean flattery. — n. FaWn'er, one who flatters to gain favour. — adv. Fawn'ingly. [M.E. faunen : from Ice. fagna, to rejoice, conn, with Pi..S. fesgen, glad.] Fay, fa, n. a fairy. [Fr. y^V— Low L. fata, a fairy — \j. fatu>n, fate. See Fate.] Fealty, fe'al-ti or fel'ti, n. the oath sworn by the vassal to h^ faithful to his feudal lord : loyalty : [O. Fr. fealte—l.. Jidelitas—fidelis, faithful —fido, to trust.] Fear, fer, n. a painful emotion excited by danger : apprehension of danger or pain : alarm : the object of fear: (.5.) deep reverence: piety (ate. far ; me, her ; mine ; mdte ; mute ; moon : thea. 17S Fearful Fen towards God.— jv./. to regai-d with fear : to ex- pect with alarm: (B.) to stand in awe of: to venerate : {ofis.) to terrify : to make afraid. [A.S. yter, fear ; Ger. ge/ahr, Ice. far, harm, mis- chief.] Fearful, feKfool, adj. timorous : exciting intense fear : terrible.— o^z;. Fear'fully.— «. Fear'ful- ness. Fearless, fer'les, rtn^/'. without T^vzr' daring: brave. —a,iv. Fearlessly.— 7i. Fearlessness. feasible, fezi-bl, «:h featliers . Feature, fet'ur, «. the marks by which anything is recognised : the prominent traits of anything : the cast of the face : — ■//. the countenance. — -adjs. Feat'ured, with features well marked; Feat'- ureless, destitute of distinct features. [O. Fr. failure — L. factura, facUirus, fut. part, of facio, to make.] Febrifuge, feb'ri-fuj, «. a medicine for removing fever. [L.febris, a.rvAfugo, to put to flight.] Febrile, fe'bril or feb'ril, adj. pertaining to fever: feverish. [Fr. febrile, from 'L.febris, fever.] February, feb'roo-ar-i, n. the second month of the year. [L. JFebntariiis (inetisis), the month of expiation, because on this month the great Roman feast of expiation was \ie\d.—febr]ia, the festival of expiation.] Fecal, fe'kal, adj. relating to, consisting of faeces. Feces. See Faeces. Feculent, fek'u-lent, adj. containing fceces or sediment: muddy: foul. — «. Fec'ulence or Fec'tUency. Fecund, fek'und, adj., fruitful: fertile : prolific. [h. fecztndus — ohs.feo, to bring forth.] Fecundate, fek'und-at, v. t. to make fruitful : to impregnate. Fecundation, fek-un-da'shun, n. the act of im- pregnating : the state of being impregnated. Fecundity, fek-und'i-ti, «. fruitfulness : prolific- ness in female animals. Fed, fed, /a./. and/a.A of Feed. Federal, fed'er-al, adj. pertaining to or consisting of a treaty or covenant : founded upon mutual agreement. — A Federal union or government is one in which several states, while independent in home affairs, combine for national or general purposes, as in the United States and Switzer- land. In American civil war. Federal was the name given to the states of the North which defended the Union against the Confederate separatists of the South. [Fr. federal — L. fadus, foederis, a treaty, akin tofdo, to trust] Federalist, fed'er-al-ist, «. a supporter of a federal constitution or union.— «. Federalism, the principles or cause maintained by federalists. Federate, fed'er-St, adj. united by league : con- federated.— n^/;'. Federative, uniting in league. Fee, fe, «. price paid for services, as to a lawyer or physician : recompense : a grant of land for feudal service : an unconditional inheritance (often termed fee simple) : possession : owner- ship.— z/.^. to pay a fee to: to hire :—/>-./. feeing; pa.fi. feed'. [A.S. feok, cattle, prop- erty ; a special kind of property, property in land ; Ger. vieh, Ice. /c ; allied to L. pecus, cattle, pecunia, money.] Feeble, fe'bl, adj. weak : wanting in strength of body : shewing weakness or incapacity : faint : dull.— aa'r/. Feel)ly.— «. Fee'bleness. [O. Fr. foible, for foible — L. JJebilis, lamentable, from fleo,Jlere, to weep.] [irresolute. Feeble-minded, fe'bl-mlnd'ed, adj. weak-minded : Feed, fed, v. t. to give food to : to nourish : to furnish with necessary material : to foster. — v.i. to take food : to nourish one's self by eating: —pr p. feeding ; /a. ^. and /a p. fed. — «. an allow- ance of provender given to cattle. — «. Feed'er, he who feeds or that which supplies. [A.S. fedan, to feed, nourish— ^/o^a, food.] Feel, fel, v.t. to perceive by the touch : to handle : to be conscious of : to be keenly sensible of : to have an inward persuasion of — v.i. to know by the touch : to have the emotions excited : to produce a certain sensation when touched, as to feel hard or hot: — pr.p. feeling; pa.t. and pa.p. felt. \S..'S>. felan, to feel; Qex. fuhlen: akin to L. palpare.} Feeler, fel'er, «. a remark cautiously dropped to sound the opinions of others '.^pl. jointed fibres in the heads of insects, &c. possessed of a deli- cate sense of touch, termed atiteftna. Feeling, fel'ing, n. the sense of touch : perception of objects by touch : consciousness of pleasure or pain : tenderness : emotion : — pi. the affec- tions or passions. — adj. expressive of great sen- sibility or tenderness : easily affected. — adv. Feelingly. Feet, fet, plural of Foot. Feign, fan, V. t. to invent : to imagine : to make a show or pretence of — adv. Feign'edly. — «. Feign'edness. [Fr. feindre, x)r.f). feignant, to feign — L. fingo, fictum, to form. ] Feint, fant, n. a false appearance : a pretence : a mock-assault : a deceptive movement in fencing. \Fr.fei71t, pa.p. ai feindre. See Feign.] Feldspar, feld'spar, Feldspath, feld'spath, «. a crystalline mineral found in granite, &c. [Field spar — Ger. f eld, a field, spatk, spar. See Spar.] FeldspathiC, feld-spathlk, adj. pertaining to or consisting o{ feldspar. Felicitate, fe-lisl-tat, v.t .to express joy or pleasure to : to congratulate. [L. felicitas, from felix, felicis, happy.] [tatmg or congratulating. Felicitation, fe-lis-i-ta'shun, n. the act of felici- FelicitOUS, fe-lis'i-tus, adj. happy : prosperous : delightful : appropriate.— a(/w. FeUcltOUSly. Felicity, fe-lis'i-ti, «. happiness : delight : a blessing : a happy event. Feline, fe'lln, adj. pertaining to the cat or the cat- kind : like a cat. \V,. felimis—feles, a cat.] Fell, fel, n. a barren or stony hill. [Ice.] Fell, fel, pa.t. of Fall. Fell, fel, v.t. to cause to fall : to bring to the ground : to cut down. [A.S. fellan, causal form offeallan, to fall. See Fall.] [pella.] Fell, fel, «. a skin. [A.S. fel; cf. L. pellis, Gr. 174 fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mOte : mute : mS5n : than. Fen feli fel, adj. cruel : fierce : bloody — n. Fell'- ness.—(7rft'. Felly. {K.^.fel; Dut. y^/, which appears also in O. Fr. _/&/.] Follor, fel'er, n. a cutter of wood. Felloe. See Felly, n. Fellow, fel'o, n. an associate : a companion and equal : one of a pair, a mate : a member of a university who enjoys a fellowship : a member of a scientific or other society : a worthless per- son. [M.E. felawe — Ice. fela^, a partner in goods, fromy^ (Ger. viek), cattle, property, and lag, a laying together, a law ; cf. E. /ee, and law.] [fellows or equals : sympathy. Fellow-feeling, fel'o-fel'ing, «. feeling between Fellowship, fel'o-ship, n. the state of being a Jellozo or partner : friendly intercourse : com- munion : an association : an endowment in a university for the support of graduates called yellows : the position and income of a fellow : (aritli.) the proportional division of profit and loss among partners. PeUy, fel'i, Felloe, fel'o, «. one of the curved pieces in the circumference of a wheel. [A. S. /elgyi; Ger. felge.] Felon, fel'on, «. one guilty of felony: a convict: a wicked person. — adj. wicked or cruel. [Fr. — Low L. Jello, a traitor, which is prob. from the Celtic] Felonious, fe-l5'ni-us, adj. wicked : depraved : done with the deliberate intention to commit crime.— o^z/.Felo'niously. Felony, fel'on-i, n. (orz^, ) a crime punished by total forfeiture of lands, &c. : a crime punishable by imprisonment or death. Felspar. Same as Feldspar. Felt, felt, pa.t. and pa.p. of Feel. Felt, felt, n. cloth made of wool united without weaving. — v.t. to make into felt : to cover with felt. [Ger. Jilz, woollen cloth, allied to Gr. pilos, wool wrought into felt, L. pileTts, a felt- hat.] [felt. Felting, felt'ing, K. the art or process of making elucca, fe-luk'a, n. a boat with oars and broad three-cornered sails, used in the Mediterranean. [It. feluca, which, like Fr. Jelouque, is from Ar. fulk, a ship.] Female, fe'mal, adj. of the sex that prodztces young : pertaining to females : [hot. ) having a pistil or fruit-bearing organ. — n. one of the female sex. [Yt. /emelle — L. femella, a young female ; dim. oifemhia — ah^./eo, to bring forth.] Feminine, fem'i-nin, adj. pertaining to women : tender, delicate : womanly : [gram. ) the gender denoting females. — adv. Fem'inlnely. [See Female.] Femoral, fem'o-ral, W;. belonging to the thigh. \X,.femoralis^femur,femoris, the thigh.] Fen, fen, n. a kind of low marshy land often or partially covered with water : a morass or bog. — a<^>. Fenn'y, Fenn'ish. [A.S.y^w; Ic^.fen, Goih./ani, mud.] Fence, fens, n. a wall or hedge for inclosing ani- mals or for protecting land ; the art of fencing : defence. — v.t. to inclose wiih a fence: to for- tify. — v.t. to practise fencing. [Abbrev. of Defence.] Fencible, fens'i-bl, adj. capable of htmg/enced or defended. — n.pl. Fenc'ibles, volunteer regi- ments raised for local defence during a special crisis : militia enlisted for home service. Fencing, fens'ing, adj. defending or guarding. — «. the act of erecting a fence : the art of attack and defence with a sword or other weapon.— «. Penc'er, one who practises fencing with a sword. Ferry Fend, fend, v.t. to ward off: to shut out. [Merely an abbrev. of Defend — L. obs. fendo, root ot de/e>ido, to fend or ward off.] Fender, fend'er, «. a metal guard before a fire to confine the ashes : a protection for a ship's side. [From Fend.] Fenestral, fe-nes'tral, adj. belonging to wiTtdows. [L. fenestralis— fenestra, a window, allied to Gr. pliaino, to shine.] Fenian, fe'ne-an, «. applied to an association of Irishmen for the overthrow of the English government in Ireland. — n. Fe'nianlsm. [Prob. from the Finna, an ancient Irish militia.] Fennel, fen'el, «. a fragrant plant with yellow flowers. [A.S._/?«o/; Ger. feiickel — \j. fosnicu- him, fennel, from fenum, hay.] Feoflf, fef, n. a fef. — v.t. to grant possession of a fief or property in land. — ns. Feofl'ment, the gift of a fef or feoff"; Feoff'er, he who grants the fef. [O. Fr.feojirorfejer—O. Ft. fef] Feretory, fer'e-tor-i, «. a place in a church for a dier. [L. feretrutn—fero, Gr. phero, to bear.] Ferine, fe'rin, adj. pertaining to or like a wild beast : savage. [L. ferimts—fera, a vrild \>e.2is,x.—ferus, wild, akin to Gr. ther, Ger. thier, a beast.] Ferment, fer'ment, n. what excites fermentation, as yeast, leaven : internal motion amongst the parts of a fluid : agitation : tumult. [L. fer- metitum, ior fervimentutn—ferveo, to boil. J Ferment, fer-ment', v.t. to excite fermentation: to inflame. — v.t. to rise and swell by the action of fermentation : to work, used of wine, &c. : to be in excited action : to be stirred with anger. Fermentable, fer-ment'a-bl, adj. capable of fer- mentation n. Fermentabil'ity. Fermentation, fer-ment-a'shun, «. the act or pro- cess ol fermentitig: the change which takes place in liquids exposed to air : the kin^ of spontaneous decomposition which produces alcohol : restless action of the mind or feelings. Fermentative, fer-ment'a-tiv, adj. causing or consisting in fermentation. — n. Ferment'ative- ness. Fom, fern, n. a plant which becomes a tree in the tropics with feather-like leaves. \.Pi..'Si. feam; Ger. f am.] \fertis. Ferny, fem'i, adj., full of or overgrown with Ferocious, fe-ro'shus, adj. savage, fierce : cruel. —adv. Fero'ciously.— «. Fero'ciousness. [Fr. and \t. feroce — \,.ferox, -wWd—ferus. wild.] Ferocity, fe-ros'i-ti, «. savage cruelty of disposi- tion : untamed fierceness. Ferreous, fer e-us, adj. pertaining to or made of iron. ['L. ferreus—fernim, iron.] Ferret, fer'et, «. ribbon woven from spun-silk. [Corr. from Ital. fioretto — L. flos, foris, a flower ; the ribbon being prob. so called from some flowering-work upon it.] Ferret, fer'et, n. a tame animal of the weasel kind employed in unearthing rabbits. [Fr. fteret, a ferret, prob. from \j.fiir, a thief.] Ferret, fer'et, v.t to search out carefully and minutely like a ferret : to drive out by patient effort : — pr.p. ferr'eting ; pa.p. ferr'eted. Ferriferous, fer-rifer-us, adj., bearing or yielding iron. [V,. ferrum, iron, aadifero, to bear.) Ferruginous, fer-rSo'jin-us, adj. of the colour of iron-rust : impregnated with inn [L. ferru- gineus—ferrngo, iron-rust— ferrum. ] Ferrule, fer'oOl, n. a metal ring on a staff, &c. to keep it from splitting. [Fr. virole, L. viriola, a bracelet — viere, to bind.] Ferry, fer'i, v.t. to carry or convey over a watei ikVi, far ; m€, her ; mine •• mOte : mute . m5?Sn ; Men- 176 uertUe Jn a boat -.—pr.p. ferrying ; pa.p. ferr'ied.— «. a place where one may be rowed across a water : the right of conveying passengers : the ferry- boat. [A.S. ferian, to convey, faran, to go ; Ger./dhre. a (crcy—fahren., to go, to carry.] Fertile, fer'til, adj. able to bear or produce abundantly : rich in resources : inventive. — adv. Fer'tilely. [ Fr. — L. fcrtilis—fero, to bear. ] Fertilise, fcr'til-Iz, v.t. to m^y^ fertile or fruit- ful : to enrich. Fertility, fer-til'i-ti, «. fruitfulness : richness : abundance. Ferule, fer'oDl, «. a rod used for striking children in punishment. [L. ferula, a czxiz—ferio, to strike.] Fervency, fer'ven-si, n. state of being fervent : heat of mind : eagerness : warmth of devotion. Fervent, ferVent, a fig. ^- fig-tree or its fruit, growing in warm climates : a thing of little consequence. \^T.figue, which, like A.S. fie, Ger. feige, is from \,.ficus, a fig.] Fight, fit, v.i. to strive with : to contend in war or in single combat. — v.t. to engage in conflict with •.—pr.p. fight'ing ; pa.t. and pa.p. fought (fawt). — n. a struggle : a combat : a battle or engagement.— «. Fight'er. [A.S. feoktan ; Ger. fechten ; prob. conn, with L. pugnus, the fist, Gr. pux, with clenched fist.] Fighting, f It'ing, adj. engaged in or fit for war. — n. the act of fighting or contending. Figment, fig'ment, «. a fabrication or invention. [h. figineittMK^ingo, to form.] Figuration, fig-u-ra'shun, n. act of giving figure or form : [tttusic) mixture of chords and dis- cords. Figurative, fig'a-ra-tiv, adj. (rket.) representing by, containing or abounding in figures : meta- phorical : flowery: typical. — arfi/. Fig'uratively. Figure, fig'ur, «. thsfortu of anything in outline : the representation of anything in drawing, &c. : a drawing : a design : a statue : appearance : a character denoting a number : value or price : (r/iet.) a deviation from the ordinary mode of expression, in which words are changed from their literal signification or usage : {logic) the form of a syllogism with respect to the position of the middle term : steps in a dance : a type or emblem. [Fr. — 'L.figura, from root oifingo, to form.] Figure, fig'ur, v.t. to form or shape : to make an image of : to mark with figures or designs : to imagine : to symbolise : to foreshew : to note by figures. — v.i. to make figures : to appear as a distinguished person. — adj. Flg'urable. Figured, fig'urd, adj. marked or adorned with fgures. Figurehead, fig'ur-hed, «. the figure or bust on the head or prow of a ship. Filament, fil'a-ment, «. a slender or thread-like object : a fibre. [Fr. — 'L.flum, a thread.] Filamentous, fil-a-ment'us, adj., tAread-like. Filanders, fil'an-derz, n.pl. a disease in hawks consisting of filaments of blood, also of small thread-XySat. worms. [Vr.filandres — h.filttm.] Filature, fil'a-tur, «. the reeling' of silk, or the place where it is done. [Fr. — L. filum, a thread.] Filbert, fil'bert, n. ths fruit or nut of the culti- vated hazel. [Prob. so called from St Philibert, whose day fell in the nutting season, Aug. 22 (old style) ; so in German it is Lambertsnuss, St Lambert's nut.] Filch, filch, v.t. to steal : to pilfer. [Filch stands ioT filk, formed from M.E. felen, to hide, by fite, {ix ; mS, hir ; mine : mSte ; mate ; mSOn ; then. 177 Plloher addinj; k, as talk from tell, stalk from steal, perh. from \ce./ela, to hide or bury ; cf. Pllcll.] Fllcher, filch'er, «. a thief. File, 1 il, «. a line or wire on which papers are placed in order : the papers so placed : a roll or list : a line of soldiers ranged behind one another. — v.t. to put upon a file : to arrange in an orderly manner : to put among the records of a court : to bring before a court. — ?'.«'. to march in a file. [Fr. _file, from L. ,fiium, a thread.] File, fll, «. a steel instrument with sharp-edged furrows for smoothing or rasping meials, &c. — 7'.t. to cut or smooth with, or as with a file. [A.S. /eol ; Ger. /die; Bohem. pila, a saw, pihiijk, a file ; allied to L. polio, to polish.] Filial, fil'yal, adj. pertaining to or becoming a son or daughter: bearing the relation of a child. — adv. Fii'ially. [L. filiits, a son, filia, a daughter.] Filiate, fil'i-at, v. t. Same as AflUiate. Filiation, fil-i-a'shun, 71. Same as Affiliation. Filibuster, FilUbuster, fil'i-bus-ter, n. a lawless military or piratical adventurer, as in the W. Indies : a buccaneer. [Sp. filibuster, Sp. fili- bote,fiibote, a small, fast-sailing vessel, from E. fly boat. \ FlUform, fil'i-form, adj. having the form of a filament: long and slender. [L. filutn and Form.] Filigree, fil'i-gre, «. extremely fine tkread-XWe network, containing beads : ornamental work of gold and silver wire. [Sp. filigrana — L. filum, and g)-atiiun. a grain or bead.] Filing, fll ing, n. a particle rubbed off with 2. file. Fill, fil, v.t. to makey>(//.- to put into until all the space is occupied : to supply abundantly : to satisfy : to glut : to perform the duties of : to supply a vacant office.— Z'.z'. to become full : to become satiated. — «. as much as fills or satis- fies : a full supply. — n. Fill'er, he who or that which fills. [A.S. /yllan, /ullian— full, full; Ger. fiilkm. See Full.] Fillet, fil et, n. a little string or band, esp. to tie round the head : something tied up with a fillet, as meat : the fleshy part of the thigh of meat, esp. of veal : [arch. ) a small space or band used along with mouldings. — v.t. to bind or adorn with a fillet : — pr.p. fill'eting ; pa.p. fill'eted. [¥v. filet, dim. oifil, from 'L.filtun, a thread.] Fillibeg, Philibeg, fil'i-beg, «. the kilt, the dress or petticoat reaching nearly to the knees, worn by the Highlanders of Scotland. [Gael, filleadh- beag—filleadh, plait, fold, and beag, little.) Fillip, fil'ip, v.t. to strike with the nail of the finger, forced from the ball of the thumb with a sudden jerk : — pr.p. filliping ; /«./. fill'iped. — n. a jerk of the finger suddenly let go from the thumb. [Formed from the sound.] Filly, fil'i, «. a young mare : a lively, wanton girl. [Dim. oi /oal, formed by adding suffix jy, and modifying the vowel. See Foal.] Film, film, n. a thin skin or membrane : a verj' slender thread.— v. t. to cover with a film, or thin skin. — adj. Film'y, composed oi film or membranes.— «. Filminess. [A.S., formed by adding suffix -?« to the root of E. fell, a skin, present also in Go\.\\. filleins, leathern.] Filter, fil'ter, n. a substance through which liquors are strained. — v.t. to purify liquor by a filter. — • v.i. to pass through a filter : to percolate. [Fr. filtre — Low L. filtrum, felt, from Ger. root of Felt, which see.] Filth, filth, «., fi>ul matter : anything that de- Plnger-board files, physically or morally. [A.S. fyldh—fHt, foul. See Foul.] Filthy, filth'i, adj. foul : unclean : impure. — adv. Filthily.— «. Filth'iness. Filtrate, firtr-lt, v.t. to ^/^c?' or percolate. \ing. Filtration, fil-tra'shun, K. act or process o( filter- Fimbriate, fim'bri-at. Fimbriated, fim'bri-at-ed, adj. \i2L\\n% fibres on the margin : fringed. [L. fi7nbriatus—finibrux, fibres — from root of Fibre.] Fimbriate, fim'bri-5t, rt.i. to fringe : to hem. Fin, fin, H. the organ by which a fish balances itself and swims. | A. S. fin ; L. pinna, a fin.] Finable, fln'a-bl, aiij. liable to a. fine. Final, f I'nal, adj. last : decisive : respecting the end or motive. — A Final cause is the last end or purpose for which things were made, and the doctrine oi final causes teaches that all things were made on a plan or for a purpose.— a^z/. Fi'nally. [Fr. — 1^. finalis— finis, an end.] Finale, fe-na'la, n. the end: the last passage in a piece of music : the concluding piece in a con- cert. [It. j^«a/c, final — \j.finis.\ j Finality, f I-nal'i-ti, «. state of being final: com- I pleteness or conclusiveness. Finance, fi-nans', «. money affairs or revenue, esp. I of a ruler or state : public money : the art of man- I aging or administering the public money. [Fr. — i Low L. financia — Low L. finare, to pay a fine I —finis. See Fine, «.] I Financial, fi-nan'shal, adj. pertaining to finance. I —adv Finan'cially. Financier, fi-nan'ser, n. one skilled in finance : an officer who administers the public revenue. Finch, finsh, n. the name of several species of birds, many of them excellent singers [A.S. fine ; Ger. fink ; allied to W. pine, a chaffinch, also smart, gay.] Find, find, v.t. to come upon or meet with : to dis- cover or arrive at : to perceive : to experience : to supply: — pr.p. f Ind'ing ; pa.t. and pa.p. found. — «. Find'er. [A.S.findan; Ger. finden.] Fine, fin, adj. excellent : beautiful : not coarse or heavy : subtle : thin : slender : exquisite : nice : delicate : overdone : showy : splendid. — The Find arts, as painting and music, are those in which the love of the beautiful and fineness of taste are chiefly concerned ; opp. to the useful or industrial arts. — v.t. to make fine: to refine: to ^\ix\iy.—adv. Finely.— «. Fine'ness. [Fr. — L. finitits, finished, from finio, to finish, finis, an end.] Fine, fin, «. a composition : a sum of money im- posed as a punishment. — In fine, in conclusion. — v.t. to impose a fine on : to punish by fine. [From the Law Lat. finis, a fine, a payment which ends or concludes a strife — L. finis, an end.] Finer, fin'er, «. Same as Refiner. Finery, f In'er-i, «. splendour, fine or showy things : a place where anything is fined or refined : a furnace for making iron malleable. Finesse, fi-nes', «. subtilty of contrivance : arti- fice. — v.i. to use artifice. [Fr., from root of Fine.] Finger, fing'ger, n. one of the five extreme parts of the hand : a finger's breadth : skill in the use of the hand or fingers.— z/./. to handle or perform with the fingers : to pilfer. — v.i. to use the fingers on a music.il instrument. [A.S., Ger., Dan., from root of Fang.] Finger-board, fing'ger-bord, «. the board, or part of a musical instrument, on which the keys for the fingers are placed. 178 fate, far ; me, her : mine ; mOte ; mute ; mS5n : tkeu. Fingered Fingered, fing'gerd, adj. having fingers, or any- i thing like fingers. | Fingering, fing'ger-ing, n. act or manner of i touching with the Jingers, esp. a musical in- j strument. ] Finger-post, fing'ger-pOst, «. a post with a finger pointing, for directing passengers to the road. Flnlal, fini-al, n. the bunch of foliage, &c. at the top of a pinnacle : the pinnacle itself. [From Ij. finio— finis.} \ Finical, fin'i-kal, adj. affectedly fine or precise in trifles : nice : foppish. — adv. Fin'ically. Fining, f In'ing, n. process of refining or purifying. Finis, fl'nis, «. the end : conclusion. [L.] Finish, fin'ish, v.t. to end or complete the mak- ing of anything : to perfect : to give the last touches to. — n. that which finishes or completes : last touch : the last coat of plaster to a wall. \Yr. finir,finissa7it, \j. fiiiire— finis , an end.] Finisher, fin'ish-er, n. one who finishes, com- pletes, or perfects. Finite, fl'nlt, adj. having an end or limit : — opp. to Infinite.— rt^fo. Pi'nitely.— «. Fi'niteness. [L- finittts, pa.p. of finio.] Finny, fin'i, adj. furnished with^?w. Fiord, fyord, n. name given in Scandinavia to a long, narrow, rock-bound strait or inlet. [Norw.] Fir, £er, n. the name of several species of cone- bearing, resinous trees, valuable for their timber. [A.S.fiurA; \ce. fiura, Qie.T. fdhre,\^ . j>yr,\j. q-itercus.'\ Fire, fir, n. the heat and light caused by burning ; flame : anything burning, as fuel in a grate, &c. : a conflagration : torture by burning : severe trial : anything inflaming or provoking : ardour of passion : vigour : brightness of fancy : enthu- siasm : sexual love. [A.S., Sw., and Dan. fyr : Ger. feuer; Gr. /'yr ; allied to Sans, pavana, [ pure, also fire.] Fire, fir, v.t. to set on fire ; to inflame : to irri- tate : to animate : to cause the explosion of : to discharge. — v.i. to take fire : to be or become irritated or inflamed : to discharge firearms. Firearms, f Ir'armz, n.pl. arms or weapons which are discharged by fire exploding gunpowder. Fireball, fir'bawl, n. a ball filled with combus- tibles to be thrown among enemies : a meteor. Firebox, fir'boks, n. the box or chamber of a steam-engine, in which the fire is placed. Firebrand, fir'brand, n. a brand or piece of wood on fire : one who inflames the passions of others. Firebrick, f Irlirik, «. a brick so made as to resist the action of fire. Fire-brigade, fir' -brig-ad', n. a brigade or com- pany of men for extinguishing fires or confla- grations. Fireclay, flrTcla, n. a kind of clay, capable of •■esisting fire, used in making firebricks. Firecock, fIrTcok, n. a cock or spout to let out water for extinguishing fires. Firedamp, f Ir'damp, «. a gas, carburetted hydro- gen, in coal-mines, apt to take fire. Fire-engine, flr'-en'jin, n. an engine or forcing- pump used to extinguish fires \vith water. Fire-escape, fir'-es-kap', «. a machine used to enable people to escape from fires. Firefly, f Ir'fii, «. a winged luminous fly which emits a bright light like a firespark. Firelock, flrlok, «. a gun in which the fire is caused by a lock with steel and flint. Fireman, f Ir'man, «. a man whose business It is to assist in extinguishing fires : a man who tends the fires, as of a steam-engine. Fishmonger Fireplace, flr'plas, n. the place in a house appro- priated to the fire : a hearth. Fireplug, firplug, «. a plug placed in a pipe which supplies water in case of fire. Fireproof, flr'proof, adj. proof against fire. Fireship, fir'ship, «. a ship filled with com- bustibles, to set an enemy's vessels on fire. Fireside, f Ir'sld, n. the side of the fireplace : the hearth : home. [bears a high degree of heat. Firestone, fir'ston, «. a kind of sandstone that Fireworks, fir'wurks, n.pl. artificial works or preparations of gunpowder, sulphur, &c. to be fired chiefly for display or amusement. Fire-worship, f Ir'-wur'ship, «. the worship of fire, chiefly by tlie Parsees in Persia and India. — «. Fire'-WOr'shipper. [guns : firewood : fuel. Firing, f Ir'ing, n. a -puttrngfire to or discharge of Firkin, fer'kin, n. a measure equal to the fourth part of a barrel : 9 gallons : 56 lbs. of butter. [O. Dut. vier, four, and the dim. suffix -kin.\ Firm, ferm, adj. fixed : compact : strong : not easily moved or disturbed : unshaken : resolute : decided.— a^z/. Firmly.— ?z. Firm'ness. [Fr. ferme — L. firtnus ; allied to Sans, dhri, to bear, to support.] Firm, ferm, n. the title under which a company transacts business : a business house or partner- ship. \\t. firnia, from \,. fir}mis.'\ Firmament, fer'ma-ment, 7u the solid sphere in which the stars were supposed to have been fixed : the sky. [Fr. — L. firmanientum — firmzis, firm or solid ; the ancients believed that the firmament was solid.] Firmamental, fer-ma-ment'al, adj. pertaining to the firmament : celestial. Firman, fer'man, n. any decree emanating from the Turkish government. [Vers, firmdn ; Sans. pramana, measure, decision.] First, ferst, adj., foremost : preceding all others in place, time, or degree : most eminent : chief. — adv. before anything else, in time, space, rank, &c [A.S. fyrst : Ice. fyrstr ; the superl. of fore by addmg -st.} First-born, ferst'-bawm, adj. bom first. — n. the first in the order of birth : the eldest child. First-fruit, ferst'-froot, First-fruits, ferst'-froots, «. the fruits first gathered in a season : the first profits or effects of anything. Firstling, ferst'ling, «. the first produce or off- spring, esp. of animals. [First and dim. ling.] First-rate, ferst'-rat, adj. of the first or highest rate or excellence : pre-eminent in quality, size, or estimation. Firth, ferth. Same as Frith. FiSC, fisk, n. the state treasury : the public j revenue. ['Fr.fisc — L. ^jcwj, a basket or purse, I the treasury.] Fiscal, fisk'al, adj. pertaining to the public treas- ury or revenue. — n. a treasurer : (in Scotland) j an officer who prosecutes in petty criminal cases. j Fish, fish, n. an animal that lives in water, and ! breathes through gills : the flesh of fish :— //. Fish or Fishes. — v. t. to search for fish : to search by sweeping : to draw out or up : to seek to ob- tain by artifice. [A. S.fisc; Gcr. fisc/i ; Ice. fisir; Goth, fisks ; L. piscis ; Gr. ichthys ; Gael, iasg.] Fisher, fish'er, Fisherman, fish'er-man, n. one who fishes, or whose occupation is to catch fish. Fishery, fish'er-i, «. the business of catching fish : a place for catching fish. Fishing, fish'ing. adj. used in fishery. — n. the art or practice of catching fish. Fishmonger, fish'mung-ger, «. a dealer in fish> [Fish and Monger.] fate, far ; me, her ; mine : mOte • mjlte ; mSOn r i/jien. 179 PlBhy Flsby, fish'i, adj. consisting of fish : like a fish : abounding in tish. — «. Flsn'iness. Fissile, fisil, adj. that may be cleft or spUt in the direction of the grain. [L. Jissilis, from fiiido, to cleave.] Fission, fish'un, «. a cleaving ox breaking up into two parts. {\j. fissio—fmdo, fissum, to cleave.] FiSSlparous, fis-sip'a-rus, adj., propagated by spontaneous fission into minute parts. [L. fissiis, pa. p. oifindo, a.nd pario, to bring forth.] FiSSlrostra.1, fis-i-ros'tral, adj. having a deeply clefit or gaping ieak, as swallows, &c. [L. fissiis, and rostrum, a beak.] Fissure, fish'ur, «. a narrow opening or chasm. [Fr. — Li.fissura, (rom findo,fissus, to cleave.] Fist, fist, n. the closed or clenched hand, orig. as used for striking. [A.S. fyst ; Ger. faust; Russ. piaste; allied to L. pugmis, a fist, Gr. pux, with clenched fist.] Fistula, fist'u-la, n. a deep, narrow, pipe-V^^, sinuous ulcer. [L. fistula, a pipe.] FiStUlar, fist'u-lar, adj. hollow like a pipe. Fistulous, fist'u-lus, adj. of the nature or form of a. fistula. Fit, fit, adj. adapted to anjr particular end or standard: qualified: convenient: proper. — v.t. to make fit or suitable : to suit one thing to another: to be adapted to: to qualify. — v.i. to be suitable or becoming i^pr.p. fitt'ing ; pa. p. fitt'ed.— arfz'. Fitly.— «. Fit'ness. [Ice. fitja, to knit together; Goxh.fetjan, to adorn.] Fit, fit, «. a sudden attack by convulsions, as apo- plexy, epilepsy, &c. : convulsion or paroxysm : a temporary attack of anything, as laughter, &c. : a sudden effort or motion : a passing humour. [A.S. ^/, a song; \cg. fet, a foot; Sans, pada, a step, a verse of a poem. The orig. sense was a foot or step, then a part of a poem, a bout of fighting, and lastly, a sudden attack of pain. QX. fetch, foot, fit (above).] Fitch, fich, n. now Vetch: [B.) in Isaiah, the black poppy, with a seed like cummin : in Ezekiel, a kind of bearded wheat, spelt. [See Vetch.] Fitchet, fich'et. Fitchew, fich'oo, «. a polecat. [O. Vr.fissau, froom root of Dut. vies, nasty.] Fitful, fit fool, adj. marked by sudden impulses : spasmodic— «(/». Fit'fuUy. — n. Fit'fulness. Fitter, fit'er, «. he who or that which makes_/?^. Fitting, fit'ing, adj. fit: appropriate. — «. anything used in fitting up, esp. in//. — adv. Fittingly. FitZ, fits, n. (a prefix), son of: used in England, esp. of the illegitimate sons of kings and princes. [Norman Yt. fiz,Yx. fils — \,. filius : cf. Russ. suffix vitz, a son.] Five, flv, adj. and n. four and one. [A.S. fif; Gex. fUnf : Goth, fimf ; W. pump; L. quinque; Gx. peiite, peinpe ; Sans, panclian.] Fivefold, fiv'fold, adj. five times folded or re- peated : in fives. Fives, f Tvz, n.pl. a game with a ball played against a wall, so named because three fives or 15 are counted to the game. Fix, fiks, v.t. to make firm or fast : to establish : to drive into : to settle : to direct steadily : to deprive of volatility. — v. i. to settle or remain permanently : to become firm : to congeal. [Fr. — L. figo, fixus: Gr. pegnunti : cotm. with Sans, paf, to bind.] Fixation, fiks-a'shun, «. act of fixing or state of being fixed : steadiness : firmness : state in which a body does not evaporate. Fixed, fikst, adj. settled : not apt to evaporate. — adv. Flx'edly.— «. Fix'edness. Flamen Fixity, fiks'i-ti, n. fixedness. Fixture, fiks'tur, «. what is fixed to anything, as to land or to a house : a fixed article of furniture. Fizz, fiz. Fizzle, fiz'l, v.i. to make a hissing sound. [Formed from the sound.] Flabby, flab'i, adj. easily moved or shaken : soft and yieldmg : hanging loose.— «. Flabb'ineSS. [From Flap.] Flaccid, flak'sid, adj.., flabby : lax: easily yield- ing to pressure : soft and weak. — adv. Flac'- Cldly. [O. Vx. — L. fiaccidus—flaccus, flabby ; conn, with Flap. ] Flacoidness, flak'sid-nes, Flaccldity, flak-sid'i-ti, n. laxness : want of firmness. Flag, flag, v.i. to grow languid or spiritless : — prp. flagging ; pa.p. flagged'. [From a root which is found in A.S. fiacor, flying, roving; \ct.fiaka, to flap; G«./. of Flee. Fledge, flej, v.t. to furnish with feathers or wings. [A. S. fleogan, Ger. fliegen, to fly.] Fledgling, flej'ling, 7t. a Utile h\rd i\i%t fledged. Flee, fle, v.i. to run away, as from danger. — v.t. to keep at a distance from : — pr.p. flee'ing ; pa.t. a.nd pa.p. fled. [A.S- fleohan, contracted fleon, akin to fleogan, to fly ; Ger. fliehen, akin to fliegen, to fly. See Fly.] Fleece, fles, «. the coat of wool shorn from a sheep at one time. — v.t. to clip wool from : to plunder: to cover, as with wool. — adj. Fleece'less. [A.S. flys ; Dut. vlies, Ger. fliess.] Fleeced, flest, adj. having a fleece. Fleecer, fles'er, n. one who strips or plunders. Fleecy, fles'i, adj. covered with wool : woolly. Fleer, fler, v.t. or v.i. to make wry faces in con- tempt, to mock. — «. mockery. [From a root found in "Horvf. flira, Swed. flissa, to titter.] Fleet, flet, n. a number of ships in company, esp. ships of war : a division of the navy, com- manded by an admiral. [A.S. fleot, flota, a s\ri-p^leotan, to float ; conn, with Ice. floti, Dut. vloot, Ger. floite.] Fleet, flet, V. i. to pass swiftly :-—pr.p. fleet'ing ; pa.p. ?ieet'ed.—adj. swift: nimble: fleeting or transient.— rto'z'. Fleetly.— «. Fleet'ness. [A.S. fleotan, to float.] [rary.— adv. Fleet'ingly. Fleeting, flet'ing, adj. passing quickly : tempo- fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mOte : mute ; mSSn ; ^/ten. 181 Flemish Flemish, flem'ish, adj. of or belonging to the l'tcttiins;s or people of Flanders. Flense, Hens, v.t. to cut up the blubber of, as a whale. [Dan._/ff//jf, Scot. _///«(;//.] Flesh, flesh, «. the soft substance which covers the bones of animals : animal food : the bodies of beasts and birds, not fish : the body, not the soul: animals or animal nature: mankind: bodily appetites : the present life : the soft sub- stance of fruit : the part of a fruit fit to be eaten. [K.%. J]. fliceriaii ; oi. Ice. flokra, TiwX. flikkeren.\ Flier, Flyer, fll'er, «. one If/ho flies or flees : a fly- wheel. Flight, flit, n. a passing through the air : a soar- ing : excursion : a sally : a series of steps : a flock of birds flying together : the birds produced in the same season : a volley or shower : act of fleeing: hasty removal. \_\.'Si. flyht—fleogan.\ Flighty, flit'i, adj. fanciful : changeable : giddy.— adv. Flight ily—«. Flight'iness. Flimsy, flim'zi, adj. thin : without solidity, strength, or reason : weak. — n. Flim'siness. Flinch, flinsh, v.i. to shrink back : to fail. — n. Flinch er.—o^z/. Flinch tngly. \yi..^. flecchen — Yr. flechtr — 'L.flectere, to bend.] Fling, fling, v.i. to strike or throw from the hand : to dart: to send forth: to scatter. — v.i. to act in a violent and irregular manner : to upbraid : to sneer : — j>r.p. flin^'ing ; J>a.t. zxiA pa.p. flung. — K. a cast or throw : a taunt. [Scot, fling, to strike with the foot, as a horse ; cf. Ics. flengja ; O. Sv/.flenga, to strike.] Flint, flint, n. a very hard kind of stone, formerly used for striking fire : anything proverbially hard. [A.S. flint; Dan. flint: Gr. plinthos, a brick.] [hard : cruel.— «. Flint'iness. Flinty, flintl, adj. consisting of or like flint : Flip, flip, n. a hot drink of beer and cpirits sweet- ened. [Ety. unknown.] Flippancy, flip'an-si, FlippantneSS, flip'ant-nes, ». pert fluency of speech : pertness. FUppant, flip ant, adj. quick and pert of speech : thoughtless.— rta'i'. Flipp'antly. [Prov. '&.flip, to move quickly : prob. from the sound of a slight quick blow.] Flirt, flert, v.i. to trifle with love: to play at Florid courtship. — «. a pert, giddy girl. [A.S. 7?far- dian, to X.x\9i&—fleard, a foolish thing.] Flirtation, flert-a'snun, n. the act of flirting. FUt, flit, v.i. to remove from place to place : to flutter on the wing : to fly quickly : to be unsteady or easily moved :—pr.p. flitt'ing ; pa.p. flitt'ed. [From a Teut. root found in S-^cd.flyita, Ice. flyta.]. Flitch, flich, «. the side of a hog salted and cured. [A.S.jlicce ; Prov. 'E. flick, bacon.] FlittingS, flit'ingz, n.pl. (Pr. Bk.) wanderings. Float, rtot, v.i. \.oflow or swim on a liquid : to be buoyed up : to move lightly and irregularly. — v.t. to cause to swim : to cover with water. — n. anything .swimming on water : a raft : the cork on a fishing-line.— «. Float'er. — adj. Float'able. [A.S>. fleotan, flotan, to float. See Fleet, «., and Flow.] ['«.?■ on rivers or on the sea. Floatage, Flotage, flotaj, n. things found 7?^^ Floating, flSt'ing, adj. swimming : not fixed : circulating. — adv. Float'ingly. Flocculent, flok'u-lent, adj. adhering in locks or flakes.— «. FlOOC'nlence. [See Flock, a lock of wool.] Flock, flok, n. a flight of birds sitting on the ground : a company : a Christian congregation. — v.i. to gather in flocks or in crowds. [A.S. flocc, a flock, a com^axiy, flyg, a ^ying—fleogan, to fly.] \floccits, a lock of wool.] Flock, flok, n. a. lock of wool. [O. Fr. floc—L. Floe, flo, n. a field of floating ice. [Dan. iis- flage, icefloe. See Flake.] Flog, flog, v.t. to beat or strike : to lash : to chas- tise with blows : — pr.p. flogging ; pa.p. flogged'. [A late word ; perhaps a school-boy's abbrev. from \,. flagellare, to whip.] Flood, flud, n. a great flow of water : a river, so in B. : an inundation : a deluge : the rise or flow of the tide : any great quantity. — v.t. to over- flow : to inundate: — /''./. flood'ing ; pa.p. flood'ed.— The Flood, the deluge in the days of Noah. [A.S. flod,; Scand. flod, Ger. fluth. Cog. with Flow.] Floodgate, flud'gat, «. a gate for letting water flow through, or to prevent it : an opening or passage : an obstruction. Flooding, flud'ing, «. an extraordinary flow of blood from the uterus. [which the tide rises. Flood mark, flud'mark, n. the mark or line to Floor, flor, 71. the part of a room on which we stand : a platform : the rooms in a house on the same level, a story. — v.t. to furnish with a floor. \_h..'Ss. flor : Dut. vloer, a flat surface, G&c.flur, flat land, W. ilawr.] Floorcloth, florlcloth, n. a covering for floors made of canvas oil-painted on both sides. Flooring, flOr'ing, n. material for floors : a platform. Flora, flo'ra, tt.pL the whole of the plants of a particular country : a catalogue of plants. [L.— flos,floris, a flower.] Floral, flO'ral, adj. pertaining to Flora or to flowers: {bot.) containing the flower. Florescence, flo-res'ens, «. a bursting into flower: (bot. ) the time when plants flower, [h.floresce/is, pr.p. oifloresco, to begin to blossom-^(5iri?(7, to blossom— _/fi.'\ Folious, fo'li-us, adj., leafy: [bot.) having leaves mi.xed with the flowers. Folk, fok, n. the people : certain people : — gen. used in //. Folk or Folks (foks). [A.S. folc ; Ger. volk; akin perh. to 'E,.ftll, Ger. voll, full.] Folkland, fok'land, «. among the Anglo-Saxons, public land as distinguished from boc-land (book-land), i.e. land granted to private persons by a written charter. Folklore, fok'lor, a., lore or knowledge of the ancient customs, superstitions, &c. of t\\e. folk or people. [The name was first suggested by W. J. Thoms ('Ambrose Merton') in 1S46. Folkmote, fok'mOt, «. an assembly of the people among the Anglo-Saxons. FolUcle, fol'i-kl, n. a little bag: [anat.) a gland : [bot.) a seed-vessel. [Fr.—'L.follicuhis, dim. of follis, a wind ball or bag.] Follow, fol'o, v.t. to go after or behind : to pur- sue : to attend : to imitate : to obey : to adopt, as an opinion : to keep the eye or mind fixed on : to pursue, as an object of desire : to result from: (5.) to strive to obtain. — v.i. to come ' after another: to result.— To follow on (B.), to continue endeavours. [A.S. J'ylcgan, perh. from K.^.fotc, folk, a crowd. Gftx. folge!i.\ Follower, fol'o-er, n. one who comes after: a copier : a disciple. Following, fol'o-ing, adj. coming next after. Folly, fol'i, n. silliness or weakness of mind : a foolish act: criminal weakness: [B.] sin. [Fr. folie—fol, foolish. See Fool.] Foment, fo-ment', v.t. to bathe with 7ua>~in water : to encourage.— /;. Foment'er. [Fx.—h.foiitento —fomentuni for foiiimeiituin — fovea, to warm.] Fomentation, fo-men-ta'shun, 71. a bathing with warm water : a lotion applied hot : encourage- ment. Fond, fond, adj., foolishly tender and loving : weakly indulgent : very affectionate. — adv. Fondly.—//. Fond'neSS. {Fox foimed, pa. p. of M. E. foH/ie/i, to act foolishly, fo>t, a fool ; from Ice. fa>ta, to be foolish. — Fond of, relishing highly.] [caress.— «. Fondler. Fondle, fond'l, v.t. to treat with foHd7iess : to Footstep Fondling, fond'ling, «. the person or \\\\x\%fo>idled. Font, font. Fount, fownt, «. a complete assort- ment of types of one sort, with all that is neces- sary for printing in that kind of letter. [Fr. fo7ite—fo7idre — \j.futidere, to cast. See Found.] Font, font, 11. a basin for water in baptism. [L. foils, a fountain.] Food, food, 71. what one feeds on : that which being digested nourishes the body ; whatever promotes growth. —<7./or; Ger. fur, vor, akin to L. aud Gr. pro, Sans. p}-a, before in place or time.] For, for, coiij. the word by which a reason is intro- duced : because : on the account that. — For all (New Test.), notwithstanding. — For to {B.), in order to. Forage, for'aj, n., fodder, or food for horses and cattle: provisions: the act of foraging. — v.i. to go about and forcibly carry off food for horses and cattle, as soldiers. — v.t. to plunder. — n. For'ager. [Fr. foi4>'rage — Low L. foragimn — fodricin, which is from a Teut. root found in Ger. flitter, E. fodder, O. Dan. /oder. See Fodder, Foray.] Foramen, fo-ra'men, n. a small opening : — •//. Foramina, fo-ram'i-na. \X:—foro, to pierce.] Foraminated, fo-ram'i-nat-ed, Foraminous, fo- ram'i-nus, adj. pierced with small holes : porous. Forasmuch, for'az-much, conj. because that. Foray, for'a, «. a sudden incursion into an enemy's country. [A Lowland Scotch form of Forage.] Forbade, {or-\,?,A',pa.t. of Forbid. Forbear, for-bar', v.i. to keep one's self in check : to abstain. — v.t. to abstain from : to avoid volun- tarily : to spare, to withhold. [For-, prefi.x, away, and Bear. See list of Prefi.ves.] Forbearance, for-bar'ans, «. exercise of patience : command of temper : clemency. Forbearing, for-bar'ing, adj. long - suffering : patient.— rti/z-. ForbearTjiigly. Forbid, for-bid', v.t. to prohibit: to command not to do. [.For-, prefix, away, and Bid.] Forbidden, for-bid'n, adj. prohibited : unlawful. Forbidding, for-bid'ing, adj. repulsive : raising dislike : unpleasant. Force, fors, «. strength, power, energy : efficacy : validity : influence : vehemence : violence : co- ercion or compulsion : military or naval strength (often in plural): an armament: (inech.) that which produces or tends to produce a change in a body's state of rest or motion. [Fr. — Low L. forcia,fortia — \j.fortis, strong.] Force, fors, v.t. to draw or push by main strength : to compel : to constrain : to compel by strength of evidence : to take by violence : to ravish : (Jiort. ) to cause to grow or ripen rapidly. Force, fors, FOSS, fos, «. a waterfall. [Scand., as in Xc&.foss, formerly _/&?■.?.] Force, fors, v.t. (cookery] to stujj, as a fowl. [A corr. of Farce.] Forced, fSrst, p. and adj. accomplished by great effort, as a forced march : strained, excessive, unnatural. Forceful, fors'fool, adj. full of force or might : driven or acting with power. — adv. Force'fully. Forceless, fars'les, adj. weak. Forcemeat, fSrs'met, «., tneat chopped fine and liighly seasoned, used as a stuffing or alone. Forceps, for'seps, ft. a pair of tongs, pincers, or Forego . 1 pliers for holding anything hot or otherwise difficult to be held wjth the hand. [L. formus, hot, and capio, to hold.] Forcopump, fors'pump, Forc'lng-pump, n. a pump \i\{\c\\ forces the w.iter through a sidepipe. Forcible, fOrs'i-bl, adj. active : impetuous : done by force : efficacious : impressive. — n. Forc'ible- ness. — adv. Forcibly. Forcing, fOrs'ing, «. (hort.) the art of hastening the growth of plants. Forcipated, for'si-pat-ed, adj. formed and opening like A forceps. [L.— forceps, forcipis.'\ Ford, ford, n. a place where water may be crossed on foot. — v.i. to cross water on foot. — adj. Ford'able. [A. S. faran, to go ; Ger. furi— fahren, to go on foot ; akin to Gr. poros — root of perao, to cross, and to E. Fare, Ferry, and Far.] Fore, for, adj., in front of: advanced m position : coming first. — adv. at the front: in the first part: previously. fA.S., radically the same as For, prep. But both must be carefidly distin- guished from prefix for- (Ger. ver- in vergessen, L. per). Se» list of Prefixes.] Forearm, fOr'iirm, n. the forepart of the arm, or that between the elbow and the wrist. Forearm, for-arm', v.t. to arm or prepare before- hand. Forebode, for-bod', v.t. to feel a secret sense of something future, esp. of evil. — n. Forebod'er. [See Bode.] [evil. Forebodement, for-b5d'ment, n. feeling of coming Foreboding, fOr-bod'ing, n. a boding or perception beforehand : apprehension of coming evil. Forecast, for-kast', v.t. to contrive or reckon beforehand: to foresee. — v.i. to form schemes beforehand.— «. Forecast'er. [See Cast.] Forecast, for'kast, ti. a previous contrivance : foresight. Forecastle, forTcas-1 or fok'sl, n. a foredeck, raised above the maindeck : more commonly the fore- part of the ship under the maindeck, the quarters of the crew : (orig.) that part of the upper deck of a ship before the foremast, so called from the small turret or castle near the prow in ancient vessels. Foreclose, for-kloz', v.t. to preclude : to prevent : to stop. [Fr.forclos, pa. p. oi forclore, to exclude — i,.foris, outside, and clatido, claiisus, to shut.] Foreclosure, fOr-kloz'ur, «. 3. foreclosing : (law) the depriving a mortgager of the right of re- deeming a mortgaged estate. ' [time. Foredate, for-dat', v.t. to date before the true Foredeck, for'dek, «. the fore'^SiXX. of a deck or ship. [that is forward. Foreend, for'-end, n. the end that goes first or Forefather, for'fa-Mer, n. an ancestor. [Fore, and Father.! Forefend, for-fend', v.t. to ward off, avert. [Pro- ■gerXy forfend, from the prefixfor-, and -feud, an abbrev. of defend. See prefix For-.] Forefinger, for'fing-ger, «. the finger before the others, or next the thumb. Forefoot, for'foot, n. one of the feet of an animal in front or next the head. Forefront, fOr'front, n. the front or foremost part. Forego, fOr-go', v.t. to go before, precede : chiefly used in its pr.p. foregoing and /«./. foregone'. — «. Forego'er. — A foregone conclusion is a con- clusion come to before examination of the evi- dence. [Fore, and Go.] Forego, fOr-go', v.t. to give up : to forbear the use of. [Should have been forgo, A. S. f organ, to pass over, from the A.S. prefixyor-, away, and gan, to go. See prefix For-.) 186 fate, far ; mC| her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; mSOn ; thea.. Foregroiind Foreground, fOr'grownd, «. the ground or space which seems to He before the figures in a picture. Forehand, for'hand, «. the part of a horse which is ill front of its rider. — adj. taken in /uind or done be/or; needed. Forehanded, for'hand-ed, adj., forehand :&z2&on- able : formed in the foreparts. Forehead, for'hed, «. the yi^r^part of the head above the eyes, the brow. Foreign, for'in, adj. belonging to another country : from abroad : not belonging to, unconnected : not appropriate. \Vr.forain — Low \j. foraneus —foras. out of doors. See Door.] Foreigner, for'in-er, n. a native of another counti-y. Forejudge, for-juj', v.t. to judge before hearing the facts and proof. [foresee. Foreknovr, fOr-no', v.t. to know beforehand : to Foreknowledge, for-nol'ej, «. knowledge of a thing before it happens. Foreland, fOr'land, n. a point of land running forward into the sea. Forelock, for'lok, n. the lock of hair on the fore- head : to take by the Forelock, to seize promptly. Foreman, for'man, n. the first or chief man : an overseer. — pi. Fore'men. Foremast, for'mast, «. the mast that is jbre or i;t frojit, or next the bow of a ship. Forementioned, fOr-men'shund, adj. mentioned before in a writing or discourse. Foremost, for'most, oiij. (superl. oiYoxQ), first \w place : most advanced : first in rank or dignity. \K.'S>. forma, first, superl. oi fore, and superl. suffix -St. It is, therefore, a double superl. ; the old and correct form was forii^est, which was wrongly dWidsA for-mest instead o{ form- est, and the final -»iesi was mistaken for -»!ost.] Forenamed, fOr'namd, adj. mentioned before. Forenoon, for'noon, «. the part of the day before noon or mid-day. [it happens. Forenotice, for-no'tis, «. notice of anything before Forensic, fo-ren'sik, adj. belonging to courts of law, held by the Romans in the fonoit ; used in law pleading. [L. fon'ttsis^bnim, market- place, akin to fores. See Foreign and Door.] Fore-ordain, for-or-dan', zr.t. to arrange or appoint beforehand : to predestinate : to predetermine. — n. Fore-ordina tion. Forepart, for part, «. the part before the rest : the front: the beginning: (B.) the bow of a ship. Forerank, for'rangk, «. the rank which is before all the others : the front. [precede. Forerun, for-run', v.t. to run or come before : to Forerunner, for-run'er, «. a runner or messenger sent before : a sign that something is to follow. Foresail, for'sal, «. a sail attached to the fo?-e- yard on the foremast. [hand. Foresee, fOr-se', v.t. or zi.i. to see or know before- Foreshadow, fOr-shad'o, v.t. to shadow or typify beforehand. [a skip. Foreship, for'ship, «. (B.) the bow or forepail of Foreshore, for'shor, n. the part immediately before the shore : the sloping part of a shore included between the high and low water marks. Foreshorten, for-short'n, Z'.t. [iti a picture) to represent the sho7-tened appearance of an object projectmg fonvard. — >i. Foreshortening (in painting), the representation of the shortened appearance of an object proysctivig forward . Foreshow, for-sho', v.t. to shew or represent be- forehand : to predict. Foreside, for'sld, «. the side towards the front. Foresight, for' sit, «. act of foreseeing : wise fore- thought, prudence. [glans penis. ForesMn, for'skin, u. the skin that covers the Pork Forest, for'est, n. a large uncultivated tract of land covered with trees and underwood : woody ground and rude pasture.— rtrt[;'. pertaining to a forest : silvan : rustic. — v.t. to cover with trees. [O. Vr. forest, Fr. forct—'Low l^.foresia, which in mediaeval writers is the open wood, as opposed to the parens (park) or wallcd-in wood— forestis, out of, not shut — L. fori?, out of doon— fores, doors. See Foreign and Door.] Forestall, for-stawl', v.t. to buy goods iJ^r^ they are brought to stall or market : to anticipate. Forester, for'est-er, k. one who has charge of a forest : an inhabitant of a forest. Foretaste, for-tast', v.t. to taste before possession t to anticipate. [pation. Foretaste, f5r'tast, «. a taste beforehand : antici- Foretell, for-tel', v.t. to tell before : to prophesy. — v.i. to utter prophecy. — «. Foretell'er. Forethought, for'thawt, «. thought or care for the future : provident care. [hand. Foretoken, for'to-kn, «. a token or sign before- Foretoken, for-toTcn, v.t. to signify beforehand. Foretooth, for'tSoth, n. a tooth in the forepart of the mouth :— //. Foreteeth, for'teth. Foretop, for'top, «. (naut.) the platform at the head of the foremast. Foretopmast, fOr-top'mast, n. in a ship, the mast erected at the top of the fore7nast, and at the top of which is the Foretop-gall'ant-mast. Forever, for-ev'er, adz', for ever, for all time to come : to eternity : through endless ages. Forewarn, for-wawrn', v.t. to warn beforehand : to give previous notice. — n. Forewam'ing, warning beforehand. Forfeit, for'fit, v.t. to lose the right to by some fault or crime : — pr.p. for'feiting ; pa.p. for'- feited. — n. that which is forfeited : a penalty for a crime : a fine : something deposited and re- deemable.— iJ^'. For'feitable. [Fr. forfaire, forfoit — Low \a. forisfaccre , forisfoctnin, to do beyond what is permitted, to o^e.\xd—foris, out of doors, heyond, foeere, to do.] Forfeiture, for'fit-ur, «. act offorfoiting : state of being forfeited : the thing forfeited. Forgat. for-gat'— forgot — o\d pa. t. of Forget. Forge, forj, u. the workshop of a fober or work- man in hard materials : a furnace, esp. one in which iron is heated : a smithy : a place where any thing is shaped or made. — v.t. to form by heat- ing and hammering : to form : to make falsely : to fabricate: to counterfeit. — v.i. to commit for- gery. [Fr. forge, Prov. forga — L. fohrica — fober, a workman.] [guilty of forgery. Forger, fSrj'er, «. one who forges or makes : one Forgery, forj'er-i, n. fraudulently making or altering any writing : that which is forged or counterfeited. Forget, for-get', v.t. to lose or put aiuay from the memory : to neglect :—pr.p. forgett'ing ; pa.t. forgot' ; pa.p. forgot', forgott'en. [A. ^.forgiiati —for-, prehx, a.vay, and gitan, to get.] Forgetful, for-get'fool, adj. apt to forget : inatten- tive. — adv. Forget'fuUy.— «. Forget'fulness. Forget-me-not. for-get'-me-not'. 71. a small herb with beautiful blue flowers, regarded as the emblem oifriejidship; a keepsake. Forgive, for-giv*, v.t. to pardon : to overlook an offence or debt. [A.S. forgifan—for-, prefix, away, and gifan, to give ; cf . Ger. ver-geben. ] Forgiveness, for-giVnes, n. pardon : remission ; disposition to pardon. Forgiving, for-giv'ing, adj. ready to pardon : merciful : compassionate. Fork, fork, n. an instrument with two or more GUe, far ; me, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; moDn *, Uvsa. 187 Forked pron;i» at the end : one of the points or divisions of anything fork-like : — in //. the branches into wliich a road or river divides, also the point of separation. — v.i. to divide into two branches, as a road or tree : to shoot into blades, as corn. — 2>.t. to form as a fork : to pitch with a fork. [A.S. fore— \j. /urea.] Forked, fork'cd, Forky, fork'i, a<{j. shaped like a fork.— adv. Fork'edly.— «j. Fork'ednoss, Fork'iness. Forlorn, for-lom', adj. quite lost : forsaken : wretched. [A.S./orioren, pa.p. o{/orlcosan, to \o-ie—/or, away, and leosr.n, to lose ; Ger. ver- loroi, pa.p. oi verlieren, to lose.] Forlorn-hope, for-lorn'-hOp, n. a body of soldiers selected for some service of imcommon danger. [From the Dut. verlorcn hoop, the forlorn or tost troo/>. See Hope. ] Form, form, n. shape of a body : the boundary- line of an object : a model : a mould : mode of arrangement: order: regularity: system, as of government : beauty or elegance : estab- lished practice: ceremony: [print.) the type from which an impression is to be taken arranged and secured in a chase : [in tliefol. senses pron. form) a long seat, a bench : (/« schools) the pupils on a form, a class : the bed of a hare, which takes its shape from the animal's body. [Fr. forme— 'L. fonna—fero, to bear, like fades, appearance, ixo\n facio, to make.] Form, form, v.t. to g\\e form or shape to: to make : to contrive : to settle, as an opinion : to combine : to go to make up : to establish : [gravi.) to make by derivation. — v.i. to assume a form. Formal, form'al, adj. according to for>n or estab- lished mode : ceremonious : methodical : having the form only; : having the power of making a thing what it is : essential : proper. — adv. Form'ally. [externaly&r;«.r of religion. Formalism, form'al-izm, n. a resting in the mere Formalist, form'al-ist, n. one who is content with the mere forms of religion. Formality, for-mal'i-ti, n. the precise observance of forms or ceremonies : established order. [L. forma litas— forma. ] Formation, for-ma'shun, 71. a making or produc- ing : structure : [geol.) a group of strata belong- ing to one period. [L. formatio.] Formative, form'a-tiv, adj. giving form : [grain.) serving to form, not radical. — «. a derivative. V^r. format f— for mo, forinatns, to shape.] Former, former, adj. (comp. of Fore) before in time or order: past: first mentioned. [A.S. forma, first, superl. oi fore, and comp. suffix -er.l Former, former, n. one v/hofortns or makes. Formerly, form'er-li, adv. informer times : here- tofore. Formic, foymik, adj. pertaining to ants, as formic acid, originally obtained from ants. [L. for- mica, an ant.] Formicate, for'mi-kat, adj. resembling an ant. Formication, for-mi-ka'shun, n. a sensation like that of a«^j creeping on the skin. \X,.formi- catio—formicare, to creep like an ^n\.—formica.\ Formidable, for'mi da-bl, adj. causing fear: adapted to e.xcite fear. — adv. For'mldably.— «. For'midableness. [Vr.—'L.formidabilis—for- mido, fear.] Formula, form'u-la, n. a prescribed form : a formal statement of doctrines: [math.) a general ex- pression for solving problems : (chetn.) a set of symbols expressing the components of a body : | Fortunate — //. Formulae, form'u-le, Form'ulas. [L., dim. o^ forma. \ Formulary, form'u-!ar-i, n. s. formula; a book of formula; or precedents.— (jt// prescribed : ritual. [ Fr. formulaire -\^. formula. | Formulate, form'u-l.'it, Formulise, form'u-liz, v.i. to reduce to or express in a formula: to state or express in a clear or definite form. Fornicate, for'ni-kat. Fornicated, for'ni-kat-ed, adj., arclied: [hot.) arching over. [h. fornicor, fornicatus— fornix, fortdcis, an arch.] Fornicate, for'ni-kat, v.i. to commit lewdness : to have unlawful sexual intercourse. \\^.fornicor, fornicatus— fornix. a.-n arch, a vault, a brothel.] Fornication, for-ni-ka'shun, 7t. sexual intercourse between unmarried persons: [B.) adultery, incest, and frequently idolatry. Fornicator, for'ni-ka-tor, 71. an unmarried persoi. guilty of lewdness :^v«. Fornicatress, for'ni- ka-tres. [L. fornicator, and foriiicatrix — fornicor. ] Forsake, for-sak', v.t. to desert: to abandon:— pr.p. forsak'ing ; pa.t. forsook' ; pa.p. forsak'en. [X.S. forsaca7i—for-, away, and O. E. sake, dis- pute, strife — A.S. sacan, to strive. See Sake.] Forsooth, for-sooth', adv., for or in sooth or truth: certainly. [A.S. for sotke, for truth, sothe being the dat. oi soth. See Sooth.] Forswear, for-swar', v.t. to deny upon oath.— (.5.) To forswear one's self, to swear falsely, to commit perjury. [For-, away, and Swear.] Fort, fort, «. a small fortress. [Fr.— L. fortis, strong.] Fortalice, fort'al-is, «. a small outwork of aforti- fcaiio7i. [O. Fr. fortelesce—l^ov/ h.fortalitia —fortis.] Forte, fort, «. one's strong point, that in which one excels. [Same as below.] Forte, for'ta, adv. [/nus.) strongly, with em- phasis, loud. lit. forte— L,. fortis.] Forth, forth, adv., before ox forward in place or order : in advance : onward in time : out into view; abroad: [B.) out. [A.S. forth; Dut. voort, forward, Ger. fort, on, further, radically the same as For, Fore] Forthcoming, forth'kum-ing, adj. just co)/ting forth: about to appear. [out delay. Forthwith, forth-wi//j', adv. immediately : with- Fortieth, for'ti-eth, adj. ihs foicrth te7ith.—n. 3. fortieth part. [A.S. feo7ve7-t2gotha.] Fortification, for-ti-fi-ka'shun, n. the art of strengthening a military position by means of defensive works : that which fortifies. Fortify, for'ti-fl, v.t. to stre7igtlien against attack with forts, &c. : to invigorate : to confirm : — pa.p. for'tifled.— «. For'tifier. [Yx. fortifier — Low L. fortificare— fortis, strong, facio, to make.] Fortissimo, for-tis'i-mo, adv. [tnjts.) very strong or loud. [It., superl. o^ forte. See Forte, adv.] Fortitude, for'ti-tud, «. that strength of mind which enables one to meet danger or endure pain with calmness. [L. fortit^tdo— fortis.] Fortnight, fort'nit, «. two weeks or fourteen days. [Contr. of fourtee/i flights.] [fortnight. Fortnightly, fort'nit-li, adj. and adv. once a Fortress, for'tres, n. a. fortified place : a defence. [Px.forteresse, another form otfortelesce, which see under Fortalice.] Fortuitous, for-tu'i-tus, adj. happening by chance or accident. — ad?'. Fortuitously. — 7is. Fortui- tousness. Fortuity. [L. fortuitus, casual.] Fortunate, for'tu-nat, adj. happening by good- fortune: \iicV.Y.—adv. For'tunately. 188 fate, far ; me, hir : mine ; mote ; mute ; moSn ; tJiaoM Fortune Fraction Fortune, for'tun, ». whatever comes by lot or chance : luck : the arbitrary ordering of events : the lot that falls to one in life : success : wealth. [Fr. — L. fortuna, a lengthened form of /ors, fortis, chance, from /ero, to bear, and lit. meaning, that which is produced.] Fortune-hunter, for'tun-hunt'er, ti. a man who hunts for a marriage with a woman oi fortune. Forttineless, for'tun-les, adj. without a fortune : luckless. Fortune-teller, for'tun-tel'er, n. one who pretends to foretell ones fortune. — n. For'tune-teU'ing. Forty, for'ti, adj. and «. four times ten. [A.S. fecnvertig^feoxver, four, //V, ten.] Forum, fO'rum, «. [fig.') a market-place, esp. the market-place in Rome, where public business was transacted and justice dispensed : the courts , of law as opp. to the Parliament. [L., akin to foras, out of doors. See Door and Foreign.] Forward, for'uard. Forwards, forwardz, adv., towards what is before or in front : onward : progressively. [A.S. fore^veard — fore, and weard, sig. direction. Forwards — M.E. for- •wardes, was orig. the gen. form (cf. Ger. vor- 'wdrts).'\ Forward, forward, adj. near or at the fbrepsrt : in advance of something else : ready : too ready : presumptuous : earnest : early ripe. — adv. For'- wardly.— «. Forwardness. Forward, for ward, 21. t. to help on, to quicken : to send on. — «. For'warder. Fosse, Foss, fos, «. (fort.) a moat or trench in front of a fortified place. [Fi. fosse, L,. fossa — fodio,fossu/n, to dig.] Fossil, fos'il, u. the petrified remains of an animal or vegetable found imbedded in the strata of the earth's cnist. — adj. in the condition of a fossil. [Fr.fossite, \,. fossilis—fodio, to dig; so called because obtained by digging.] Fossiliferous, fos-il-if'er-us, adj. bearing or con- t3\.x\\w% fossils. [L,.fossilis, undfero, to bear.] Fossilise, fosil-Iz, v.t. to convert into a. fossil.— v.i. to be changed into a stony or fossil state. — «. Fossilisa'tion, a changing into a fossil. Fossilist, fos'il-ist, n. one skilled m fossils. [ing. Fossorial, fos-or'i-al, adj. (zool.) dig'ging, burrow- Foster, fos'ter, v.t. to bring up or nurse: to en- courage.— «. Fos'terer. [A.S. fostrian, to nourish,yoi-^r^, a Twirse, fostor(~ fod-stor), food. See Food.] Foster-brother, fos'ter-bru//4'er, n. a male child, fostered or brought up with another of different parents. Foster-child, fos'ter-chlld, n. a child nursed or brought up by one who is not its parent. Foster-parent, fos'ter-pa'rent, n. one who rears a child in the place oi 'i\s parent. Foilgasse, foo-gas', n. (mil.) a small mine, from six to twelve leet underground. [Fr. — \j. focus, hearth, fire.] Fought, fawt, pa. t. and pa.p. of Fight. Foul, fowl, adj. filthy : loathsome : profane : im- pure : stormy: unfair: running against: en- tangled.— rt^z/. Foully.— «. Foul'ness. [A.S. ful, akin to Scand.yi^/, Ger. ftul. Ooih.fuls; all from root pu, to stink. See Putrid.] Foul, fowl, v.t. to ma.'ke foul: to soil. — v.i. to come into collision -.—pr-p. foul'ing ; pa.p. fouled'. Foul-mouthed, fowl'-mowMd, adj. addicted to the use oifoul or profane language. Foumart, foo'mart, 71. the polecat. [From A.S. ful, foul, and Fr. marte or ntartre, a marten. See Foul and Marten.] Found. /a t. an&pa.p. of Find. Found, fownd, v.i. to lay the bottom or foundation of: to establish on a basis: to originate: to endow. [Fr. fonder — L. fundo, fundatus, to ioxxnA— fundus, the bottom. See Bottom.] Found, fownd, v.t. to form by melting and pour- ing into a mould : to cast. [Fr. fondre — L. findo.fusus, to pour. Cf Fuse.] Fotindation, fownd-a'shun, ?t. the act of founding : the base of a building : the groundwork or basis : a permanenty><«(/ for the support of anything. — «. Founda'tioner, one supported from the funds or foundation of an institution. Founder, fownd'er, 7t. one who melts and casts metal, as a brassfounder. Founder, fownd'er, K. one who founds, establishes, or originates : an endower.-^i'w. Found'ress. Founder, fownd'er, v.i. to go to the bottom : to fill with water and sink. — z'.t. to disable by in- juring the feet, of a horse. [Fi.fondre^fond — h. fundus, the bottom] Founding, fownd'ing, n. meta.l-casting. Foundling, fownd'ling, n. a little child found deserted. Foundry, fownd'ri, Foundery, fownd'er-i, «. the art of founding or casting : the house where founding is carried on. Fount, fovvnt, Fountain, fownt'an, n. a spring of water, natural or artificial : the structure for a jet of water: the source of anything. [Y'c.fon- taine, O. Fr. font — Low "L,. fontana^fontanus, adj., horn. 'L. fans, fontis, a spring— fundo, to pour.] Fountain-head, fownt'an-hed, n. the h^ad or source of a. fountain : the beginning. Four, for, adj. and n. two and two. [A.S. feozuer; Ger. vier, Goth, fdvor, L. quattior, Gr. tet- tares, pisures. Sans, cluit^'ar.'] Fourfold, f5r'fold, adj. folded four times : multi- plied four times. [Four and Fold.] Four-footed, for'-foot'ed, adj. having four feet. Fourscore, for'skor, aiij. four times a score — So. Foursquare, fOr'skwar, adj. having four equal sides and angles : square. Fourteen, forten, adj. and ;/. four and ten. Fourteenth, fOr'tenth, adj. and «. fourth or the fourth after the tenth. [A.S. feoiucrtcotha — feower and. teotha, tenth.] Fourth, forth, adj. next after the third. — n. one of four equal parts.— a^^z/. Fourthly. [A.S. feortha'\ Fowl, fowl, «. a bird : a bird of the barn-door or poultry kind, a cock or hen : the flesh of fowl : — //. Fowls or Fowl. — v.i. to kill fowls by shooting or snaring. — n. Fowl'er, a sportsman who takes wild-fowl. \_X.'S>. fugel ; Ger. vogel, \ce. fugl : connection with A.S. feogan, E. Jiy, &c. is improbable.] [small-shot, used mfoivling. Fowling-piece, fowl'ing-pes, «. a light g7 agi/is — irom/rango, to break.] Fragility, fra-jil'i-ti, «. the state of hsm^ /ragile. Fragment, frag'ment, «. a piece broketi off: an unfinished portion. — adj. Fragment'al. [See Fraction.] [fragments or pieces : broken. Fragmentary, frag'ment-ar-i, adj. consisting of Fragrance, fra'grans, n. pleasantness of smell or perfume : sweet or grateful influence. Fragrant, fra'grant, adj. sweet-scented. — adv. Fra'grantly. [L. /ragraiis, fragrantis, pr.p. oi/ragro, to smell.] Frail, fral, adj. wanting in strength or firmness : weak.— «. Frailness. [Fr. /rSle; from L. /ragilis. See Fragile.] Frailty, fral'ti, «. weakness : infirmity. Frame, fram, v.t. to form : to shape : to construct by fitting the parts to each other : to plan : to constitute : to put a border on : [B.) to contrive. \K.?i. /remnian, to promote or make— yraw, for- ward, strong, excellent; conn, with Gitx./romni, kind, pious, Go'Ca./rnma, first, Y.. priim(s.'\ Frame, fram, «. the form : a putting together of parts : a case made to inclose or support any- thing : the skeleton : state of mind. Framer, fram'er, «. he who forms or constructs : one who makes frames for pictures, &c. Framework, fram'wurk, «. the work that forms x.\\e./raine : the skeleton or outline of anything. Framing, fram'ing, n. the act of constructing : a frame or setting. Franc, frangk, n. a silver coin orig. used in Fratice. now also in Belgium, &c., equal to lod. sterling. Franchise, fran'chiz, «. aprivilege orright granted : the right of voting for a member of Parliament. [Fr., hom/riine,/ranche, free.] Franchise, fran'chiz, v.i. to en/ranchise: to give one the franchise. Franciscan, fran-sis'kan, adj. belonging to the order of St Francis in the R. C. Church. — «. a monk of this order. [L. Franciscus, Francis.] Frangible, fran'ji-bl, adj. easily broken. — n. Fran- gibility. [See Fraction.] Frank, frangk, adj. open or candid in expression. — v.t. to send free of expense, as a letter. —in/z/. Frankly (yV>7o Test.) gratuitously.— ?i. Frank'- ness. [Fr. /ranc—'Lov! L. /ranciis — O. Ger. /ranko, one of the tribe called Franks, a free man.] Frankincense, frangk'in-sens, n. a sweet-smelling vegetable resin issuing from a tree in Arabia, and used in sacrifices. [O. Fr. /ranc encens, pure incense. See Frank and Incense.] FrankUn, frangk'lin, «. an old English freeholder. [O. Fr. /rankeleyn, from root of Frank.] Frantic, fran'tik, adj. mad, furious: wild. — adv. Fran'tically. [Fr. /renetique — L. phreneticus — Gr. phrcnetikos, mad, suffering hoaipkrenltis or inflammation of the brain — Gr. phren, the heart, mind. See Frenzy.] Fraternal, fra-ter'nal, adj. belonging to a brother or brethren : becoming brothers. — adv. Frater'- Preemason nally. [Fr.— Low L. /ratemalis— /rater, a brother, akin to E. bj-otlier, Gr. pkrater, a clansman ; Sans, bhratri.] Fraternisation, fra-ter-niz-a'shun, n. the associ- ating as brethrcit. Fraternise, IVat'er-nlz, 7>.i. to associate as brothers: to seek brotherly fellowship. — «. Frat'emiser. Fraternity, fra-ter'ni-ti, n. the state of being brethren : a society formed on a principle of brotherhood. [Fr. — L. fraternitas.] Fratricide, frat'ri-sTd, k. one who kills his brother ; the murder of a brother.— air^'. Fratricidal. [Fr. — v.. /rater, /rat/ is, and ciedo, to kdl.] Fraud, frawd, «. deceit : imposture : a decep- tive trick. [Fr. — L. /rates, /raudis, fraud.] Fraudful, frawd'fool, adj. deceptive: treacher- ous.— rti. Free'ness. [A.S./reo; Gcr. /rei, Ice./ri.] Free, fre, v.t. to set at liberty: to deliver from what confines : to rid (fol. by /rom or oj): — pr.p. freeing ; pa. p. freed'. Free-agency, fre'-rjen-si, «. state or power of acting/reely, or without necessity or constraint upon the will. — «. Free'-a'gent. Freebooter, fre'boot-er, K. one who roves about Jjeely in search of booty : a plunderer. [See Booty.] Freedman, fred'man, «. a j)tan who has been a slave, and has h&en/recd or set free. Freedom, fre'dum, n. liberty : frankness : separa- tion : privileges connected with a city : improper familiarity : license. Free-hand, fre'-hand, adj. applied to drawing by the unguided hand. [liberal. Free-handed, fre'-hand'ed, adj. open-handed : Free-hearted, fre'-hart'ed, adj. open-hearted : liberal. Freehold, fre'hold, «. a property field /ree of duty except to the king. — «. Freeholder, one who possesses a freehold. Freeman, fre'man, n. a man who is free or enjoys liberty : one who holds a particular franchise or privilege :— //. Free'men. Freemason, fre'ma-sn, «. one of an association orig. of masons or builders in stone who were 190 fate, far : me, her ; mine ; mdte : mute ; moon : Men. Freestone freed from the laws that regulated common labourers, and now composed of persons united for social enjoyment and mutual assistance —«. Freenia'soni'y, the institutions, practices, &c. of freemasons. Freestone, fre'stSn, «. stone composed of sand or grit. [So called because it can h&freely cut.] Freetllinker, fre'thingk-er, n. one who professes to be free from common modes of thinkhtg in religion : one who discards revelation. — ti. Free'- thinking, the habit of mind of a freethinker. Free-trade, fre'-trad, «., free or unrestricted tracU- : free interchange of commodities. Free-Will, fre'-wil. n., freedom of the willixom. re- straint : liberty of choice. — adj. spontaneous. Freeze, frez, v-i. to become ice or like a solid body. — v.t. to harden into ice : to cause to shiver, as with terror :—/r./. freezing ; pa.t. froze; /«./. froz'en. [A.S. freosan; Dut. vriezen, Ger. frieren, to freeze.] Freezing-point, fre^'ing-point, tu the temperature at which water freezes, marked 32° on the Fah- renheit thermometer, and 0° on the Centigrade. Freight, fr.it, «. the lading or cargo, esp. of a ship : the charge for transportmg goods by water. — v.t. to load a ship.— «. Freight 'age, money paid for freight.— k. Freight'er, one who freights a vessel. [A late form of Fraught, from ¥T.fret—0. Ger.frekt [Ger. frac/it).] French, frensh, adj. belonging to France or its people. — n. the people or language of France. Frenzy, fren'zi, «. violent excitement approaching to madness : mania. — adj. Fren'zied, Fren'zical, partaking of frenzy. [Through Fr. and L., from Late Gr. phrenesis =: Gr. plirenltis, inflamma- tion of the brain — phreit, the heart, the mind.] Frequency, freTcwen-si, «. repeated occurrence of anything. Frequent, freTcwent, adj. coming or occurring often.— arfz/. Fre'quently . — «. Fre'quentness. [L. frequeiis, freguentis, allied to the root of Farce.] Frequent, fre-kwent', v.t. to visit often.— «. Fre- quent'er. Frequentation, fre-kwent-a'shun, n. the act of visiting often. Frequentative, fre-kwent'a-tiv, adj. [grain.) de- noting the _/rcy!. frett'ed. — «. agitation of the surface of a liquid : / Fright irritation: ill-humour. \A.S.fretan,togDiiW— for-, intensive prefix, and etau, to eat.] Fret, fret (B. ] pa.p. of Fret, to wear away. Fret, fret, n. the tvorii side of the bank of a river. I From Fret, to wear away.] Fret, fret, v.t. to ornament with raised-work : to variegate :—/r./. frett'ing ; /a./, frett'ed. [A.S. fmtwian, Goth, fra/vian, to adorn.] Fret, fret, «. [/it.) the interlacing of bars or fillets of iron: (arch.) an ornament consisting of small fillets intersecting each other at right angles : [lier. ) bars crossed and interlaced. — adj. Frett'ed, ornamented with frets. [O. Fr. frete, a ferrule ■ — It. ferrata, the grating of a window — L. ferrum, iron.] Fret, fret, n. a short wire on the finger-board of a guitar or other instrument. — v.t. to furnish with frets. [Prob. the same word as the above.] Fretful, fret'fool, adj. ready to fret : peevish. — adv. Fret'fully.— «. Fret'iulness. Fretting, fret'ing, adj., luearing out : ve.xing. — 71. peevishness. [raised-work. Fretwork, fret'wurk, «. work adorned with frets : Friable, fri'a-bl, adj. apt to crumble : easily reduced to powder.— «j-. Fri'ableness, Friabil'- ity. [Fr. — L. friabilis—frio, friatutn, to crumble.] Friar, frl'ar, n. a brother or member of certain religious orders in the R. C. Church. [Fr. frere, 'L.f rater, a brother. See Brother.] [friars. Friary, frl'ar-i, «. a monastery or residence of Fribble, frib'l, v.i. to trifle.— 71. a trifler. [Perh. from Vr.frivole — "L,. frivolus, trifling.] Fricassee, frik-as-se', n. a dish made of fowls cut into pieces and cooked in sauce. — v.t. to dress as a fricassee : — pr.p. fricassee'ing ; pa. p. fricas- seed'. [Fr. fricassee— fricasser, of which the orig. is unknown; perh. ixom frico, fricare , to rub.] Friction, frik'shun, «. the act oi rubbing : [tneck.) the resistance to a body from the surface on which it moves. — ?i.pl. Fric'tion-Wheels, wheels that lessen friction. [Fr. — L. frictio—f>-ico, frictum, to rub.] Friday, frl'da, «. the sixth day of the week. [A.S. Frigedieg — Frig, Ice. Frigg, the wife of the god Odin, and dceg, day.] Friend, frend, n. one loving or attached to an- other : an intimate acquaintance ; a favourer : one of a society so called. [A.Si. freo7id, pr.p. of freon, to love.] Fllendiess, frendlee, adj. without friends: desti- tute, —n. Friendlessness. Friendly, frend'li, cuij. like a friend : having the disposition of a friend: favourable. — «. Friend'- liness. [esteem : friendly assistance. Friendship, frend'ship, «. attachment from mutual Frieze, frez, n. a coarse woollen cloth with a nap on one side. — adj. Friezed', having a nap. [Fr. frise; prob. from Dut. Vriesland, Friesland, whence the cloth came.] Frieze, frez, «. [arch.) the part of the entabla- . ture of a column between the architrave and cornice, often ornamented with figures. [Fr. ; of dub. origin.] Fligate, frig at, «. a quick-sailing ship-of-war of second-rate power. [Vr. fregate — It.fregaia; of dub. origin.] Frigate-bird, frig'at-berd, n. a large tropical sea- bird, with very long wings, prob. named from its rapid flight. Frigatoon, frig-a-tOon', n. a small Venetian vesseL Fright, frit, K. sudden fear : terror. \_h.'&._fyrhtu, akin to Ger. furcht, fear.] fate, far ; me, her ; luine ; mdte : rauts ; mSon ; Men. lai Fright ""^o^aLm"' ^'■*^^*'°' '"''"■ "■'• '° '"^ke afraid : Frightful, frit'foo!, -^y- full of what causes fear • Fright'iui^ess':'"^--''^- ^"g^^tW-^: Fngld, fnj'.d, udj. frozen or stifTened with cold ■ -aJ; Vn^'m^""''' ^\l't'^-- ""-^natel: arty, t ng Idly. -«. Frig'idness. [ i,. fri4-«., cold: akin7S Gn f/i/jTos, cold. See Freeze.] Frigidity, frij-id'i-ti, «. coldness: coldness of altcction: want of animation Fngorific frig-or-irik, „./y., ^«,,^/„^ ,„^j^ „ FnuZV'''''^1'' ""l^' ^'"^y"^'"' to cause ^ ' tnil, Cn\ v.i to ruffle, as a hawk its feathers fO Fr /T"'^-^A^- '° ^"™'^h with a frill' f ;-^'v T' '° ^h.ver-0. Fr. y>-///<.„^, chilly Frigid'f ' ^°'"^^'^*' cold-/r/>-/,//.;. See Fr'nte'[' "•• " ^"?^ = ^ ^"^'^ ^ crimped IdgiTg ' Fr.age, frnij, «., loose threads forming a border^ the e.xtrem.ty.--eA/. to adorn with fringe to border.-«,i,. Fringe'less. [Fr. franfe "(cf Wal. fr^mbic Junl,rie)^l^. Jimbria, threads fibres, akin lo_/tbra, a fibre ] i"reaas, Tf^Ed'T'''-'^'^'- °"'^'"'=""ed with/r/«,»-„. irippery trip er-., «., «,^r./-o^./ clothes : the place where old clothes are sold : useless trifles Fr Froth PiHsi/ r • I ■'■•^^.' > ■•" """'r , oi aouottu origin 1 Fnsk, frisk, Z..Z. to gambol: to leap playfully- «. a f.;ohc.-«. Frisk'er. [O. Fr. >^>^ JJ; ^ow Prkl^'fTV°°' °^ Ger.>.W,. gee Fresh.] Frisket, fnsk'et, « (/r.«^.) the light frame which forntf "" ■•''"' °- P^P"' '^^'"°^'= '' i^ laid on the of^?s [°';'."'P'-^^^'°".^°. called from the r^^nc^uesl tnsky, fnski, adj. lively : jumping with gliety • inth, fnth, Firth, ferth, «. a narrow inlet of the sea, esp. at the mouth of a river. [From Ice ■^frf"--- <=/• Dan. and Norw. Jiord.- conn with tllttei frit er, «. a piece of mi2.\. fried: a kind of pancake: a fragment.-z../. to break into frag! ments : to waste away by degrees. iVr.friture "Tity^' ^"■^°''-"' '^^ «'^°r habits of^iLg: Frivolous friv'ol-us, adj. trifling: slight- sillv -adv Fnv'olously.-„. Friv'olousfess. K f^'fl'^^, which orig. seems to have meant Pv^'f '"'^p'^''-^.-^-^''^''^'^^'^'^^''. to rub.] anH°. ",'■/"'' ""■'■ '° ^"^^•- '° render rough and tangled.-«. a cud. [Fr. /riser, to curl perh. from root of Frieze, the cloth, and so meaning to raise the nap on cloth.] "^'Slif&o- " '°™ '" ^'"='" ^-^-^ <=-'- Fro fro, ad-u from: back or backward. [A shortened form of from; but perh. directly derived from Ice.y^-^, from.] """ecuy • n,^n; ^'°'^' "l"" '"°"'''" '=°^1 = a lo°se upper gar- ment worn by men: a gown worn by females [fr. froc, a monk's cowl-Low L. frocZ~L ^occus, a flock of wool : or more prob (^c to Brachet and Littre) from Low ll kroc^^O Ger. hroc/i (Ger. rock), a coat.] Pr^E f*^' ^™'''' '''^^- '^l°thed in a frock. irog, frog, «. an ornamental fastening or tasselled Frog '^"ol"^ ^'"'^°^'=!'^"'^• [Fro-^ot ofFrockj trog frog, n. an amphibious reptile, with webbed inl : a ?„'f[''f' " ^"^ 'I' "P''^ swimming and leap- ing . a soft, horny substance, in the nuddle of a _^horse s foot, so called from its likeness to the leg 192 fate, far ; me. h6r ; mine ; mate ; mOte ; maon ; tfi^ of a frog [\.5. froga, frosc ; cog. with Ice. FroUc, frol'ik. adj. merry: pranky.-„. gaiety a wild prank: a mcrry-making.-r..z. to plav wilH pranks or merry tricks : ^o gamSol -^r? frolicking; /«./. frol'icked. (Dut. vrofifk ""Z^'fr?/^ a root preserved in Ger./V^rand ^^aTav ™ a; ^'•''^•.•>'-'^' ■• °"t of, as from a source : reason nf rA'c''""^- ^P'"'"^'"^ °"t of: by reason of. [A.S. ; akin to Goth, f ram Ice Fr^ndVY''^' 0^">f"'' f°"h, forward :]"• fern ' ^\TH''- "" /^""^ ^''^"'^l* °'- ^talk, esp. the I V^ZA ^^■f'-o'^^'frondis, a leaf.] ^ ^ Frondesoence, fron-des'ens, «. act of putting forth lea^es^ the season for putting forth leaves^ f" frondesce,is~fro,idesco, to grow leafy 1 Frondlferous, fron-dif'er-us, S/Zfe'^4 or pro- ducmgy-W.. [I />-.„,, and>^^. tolearT Front, frunt n. th^foreluad: the whole face "the forepart of anything : the most conspicuous part^ boldness : impudence. -In frontof, before.-a^-" fron?o?'"^ '°' °''-'" '^" hor.t.~v.t. to stand fn front of or opposite : to oppose face to face - v.t. to stand in front or foremost : to turn the front or face m any direction. I Fr.-L />•«,„ frontts, the forehead ; allied to Brow 1 ' ' IroStaP/rn™."','' ■*';•• '^/^Tf P^» of a building. or llrehlnd ' '''^^- °'^°'- belonging to theyW ' on f h. f T"-^ "^ front-piece : .something worn I over . H '"''''* • '■.-^^" = ''^''^^'■) a ped.men" [ oyer a door or window. [Fr.-L. frontale^ /">ns a front ornament for horses.] PrnS '^'""'>-'^' '"^Jl '"°'^'"^d with a/r^«/. Frontier, front'er, « that part of a country which fronts another: the boundary of a terrLry _ a^ij- lying on the frontier : bordering. [Fr. frow i'ere, from h.frans.] V'-'^jroti* Frontispiece front'i-spe-s, «. the principal front or face of a buildmg : a figure or engraving h^ front of a book. [Fr.-Low \..frontispiciuml FronTiflir f '^^f/,"' '° '^.^= "°' <^°""- "-'th Piece.] modesty. '' ''^^- ^°''* "^ ^^ame or Frontlet, frunt'let «. a /////^ band worn on the /r^«/ or forehead. [Dim. of Front ] Frost, frost, « the state of the atmosphere in which water >.r^«.- frozen dew, also called Iwarfrost.-v.t. to cover with anything resem bhng hoar-frost. [A. ^.forst-freosau ;^cf. Ge™ frost, Goth./r/,vj-.] ' ^^• Frost-bite, frost'-blt, n. the freezing or depression of vitality m a part of the body by exposure to Frost-bitten, frost'-bit'n, adj. bitten o/ afflcfed by froT'^' '■^°^''-'^°""d, 4-. bound or co^fiTed Frosting, frost'ing, 71. the composition, resembling hoarfrost, used to cover cake &c Frost-nail, frost'-nal, n. a ««// driven into a horse- Frost work"''?"' I^'' ''T^ '''■°'" ^''PP'"& °" '■^^• ^°otS'o/Thrur^'' "■' '""'" '■--'^'-S Frosty, frost'i, adj. producing or containing/>^j;.- chill m affection : frost-like.— a^z/. Frostllv — «. Frost 'iness. '"■">. Froth, froth, «. the foam on liquids caused by bo.hng, or any agitation: fig., an empty show in speech: any light matter.—^.;', to cause T.» /-°"- v''^'- S° "'t^°"' "P '''■°'h- [Scand., as in Ic^. fraud, froda. B^n.fraade, Sw^d.Jrk^da.^ t Frothy Frothy, froth'i, adj. full o{ froth or foam : empty: unsubstantial. — adv. Froth'ily.— «. Froth'iness. Frounce, frowns, v.i. [obs.) to frown or wrinkle the hroiu.—zf.t. to plait : to curl : to wrinkle up ; to frown.—?/, a plait or curl. [Fr. fronccr—'L. /roiis, frontis, the brow. See Flounce, «., of which it is an older form.] Froward, fro'ward, adj. self-willed : perverse : unreasonable :—opp. to ToVTa,xdi.—adr. Fro'- wardly.— ?/. Fro'wardness. [Scand. Eng. for A.Si./roin, away, averse, and affix -ward.] Frown, frown, v.i. to wrinkle the brow, as in anger: to look angry. — v.i. to repel by a frown.— «. a wrinkling or contraction of the brow in displeasure, &c. : a stern look. — adv. Frown'ingly. [From a Fr. frogner in se re- frogtier, to knit the brow ; orig. unknown.] Frowsy, frow'si, adj. fetid : ill-scented : dingy. Frozen, froz'n,/rt./. of Freeze. Fructescence, fruk-tes'ens, n. the time for the ripening oif>~uit. [Fr., from L. fructesco, to bear {rxxA—fructus, fruit.] Fructiferous, fruk-tif'er-us, adj., bearing fruit. \X: friictifer—friictits, andjero, to bear.] Fructification, fruk-ti-fi-ka'shun, u. act oi fructi- fying, or producing fruit: [hot.) all the parts that compose the flower and fruit. Fructify, fruk'ti-fl, v.t. to make fiiitful : to fertilise. — 7'.i. to bear fruit. [L. fnictifico — fructits, a.ndfacio, to make.] Frugal, froo'gal, adj. economical in the use of means : thrihy.—adr'. Fru'gally. [Fr.— L. frugalis—fnigi, temperate, fit for iood—fnix, frugis, fruit.] [thrift. Frugality, froo-gal'i-ti, n. prudent economy : FrugiferoUS, frOS-jifer-us, adj., fruit-bearing. \y,. frux, frugis, fruit, andfero, to bear.] Fruglvorous, froo-jiv'o-rus, adj.,feedi7ig on fruits or seeds. [L.friix, frugis, and voro, to eat.] Fruit, froot, It. the produce of the earth, which supplies the wants of men and animals : the part of a plant which contains the seed : the offspring of animals : product, consequence, effect, advantage. [O. Fr. fruict, Fr. fruit— 'L.fructus, hoia fruor, fructus, to enjoy.] Fruitage, froot'aj, «., yW^zV collectively : fruits. Fruiterer, froot'er-er, «. one who deaXs in fruit. Flllitory, froot'er-i, n. a place for stoi'mg fruit : fruitage. Fruitful, froot'fool, adj. producing fruit abund- antly : productive.— arfz/. Fruit'fully.— «. Fruit'fulness. Fruition, froo-ish'un, «., enjoyment : use or pos- session of anything, esp. accompanied with pleasure. [O. Fr. fruition, from L. fruor, to enjoy.] Fruitless, froSt'les, adj. barren : without profit : useless.— «(fo. Fruitlessly.— «. Fruitlessness. Frumentaceous, froo-men-ta'shus, adj. made of or resembling wheat or other grain. [L. frtt- tnentaceus—fntjneniutn, lor frugimentu7it, corn —frux, frugis, fruit.] Frumenty, froo'men-ti, F\imienty, fur'men-ti, «. food made of wheat boiled in milk. [O. Fr. froumente, wheat \i<:i\\&A—froument — L. fru- ^nenttcm.] Frush, frush, «. the frog of a horse's foot : a disease in that part of a horse's foot. [Ger. frosch. See Frog, a reptile.] Frustrate, frus'trat, v.t. to make vaitt or of no effect: to bring to nothing: to defeat. [L. frustro, frustratJiS—frustra, without effect, in vain.] Frustrate, frus'trat [obs.)pa.p. of Frustrate. FuU Frustration, frus-tra'shun, n. disappointment: defeat. {V.. frustratio.] Frustum, frus'tum, n. a piece or slice of a solid body : the part of a cone, which remains when the top is cut off by a plane parallel to the base. [h. f^ustu»i, a piece, a bit.] Fnitescent, froo-tes'ent, adj. becoming shrubby, or like a shrub. [L.frut.x,fruticis, a shrub.] Fruticose, froo'ti-kos, Fruticous, froo'ti-kus, adj., shrub-tike : shrubby. [Xj. frut icosus—frutex .] Fry, frl, z>.t. to dress food with oil or fat in a pan over the fire :— /r./. frying; pa.p. fried. — v.i. to undergo the action of heat in a frying-pan : to simmer. — «. a dish of anything fried. [Fr.frire — h.frigo; cf Gr. phrygo. Sans, bhrij, to fry.] Fry, fri, «. a swarm of fishes just spawned : a number of small things. [Fr. frai, fraycr, act of fertilising in fishes, from L. fricare, to rub ; but cf Go^.fraiv, Ice.frio, se^d, egg.] Fuchsia, fu'shi-a, «. a plant with long pendulous red flowers, originally natives of S. America. [Named after Leo7iard F-uchs, a German botanist of the 1 6th century.] Fudge, fjaj, int. stuff: nonsense: an exclamation of contempt [From the sound; cf. Prov. Fr. fuche, Ger. futsch.] Fuel, fuel, «. anything that feeds a. fre : what- ever supports heat, excitement, or energy. [O. Fr. fouaille — Low L. foallia, fuel — Low L. focale — v.. focus, a fireplace.] Fugacious, fO-ga'shus, adj. apt to fee away : fleeting.— «j. Fuga'ciousness, Fugao'ity. [L. fugax, fugacis, from fugio ; Gr. pheugo, to flee, Sans, bhuj, to bend.] Fugitive, fuj'i-tiv, adj. apt to flee away : uncer- tain : volatile : perishable : temporary. — n. one who flees or has fled from his station or country : one hard to be caught. — adv. Fug'i- tively.— «. Fug'itiveness. \_^x.—\..fugiti,vus, irom fugio, to flee.] Fugleman, fu'gl-man, «. {lit.) a wing-man, a soldier who stands before a company at drill as an e.\ample. [G^r. fliigelmann, the leader of a wing or fAe—fliigel, a wing.] Fugue, fug, «. (mus.) a composition in which the parts follow or pursue one another at certain distances. [Fr. — Xufuga, homh.fuga, flight.] Fuguist, fug'ist, «. one who writes or p\zysfugues. Fulcrum, ful'krum, n. (;uech.) the p?-op or fi.ted point on which a lever moves : a prop : — pi. Ful'cra or Ful'crums. [L. fulcrum, a prop, t'romfulcio, to prop.] Fulfil, fool-fil', v.t. to complete: to accomplish: to carry into effect :—/^-./. fulfiU'ing; pa.p. fulfilled'.— ?«. Fulfill'er. Fulfilment, fool-fil'ment, n. full performance: completion : accomplishment. Flllgent, ful'jent, adj., shining: bright: dazzling. —adv. Fia'gently.- «. Ful'gency. [L. ful- gens, -e?Uis, pr.p. alfidgco, to flash, to shine.] Fuliginous, fu-lij'i-nus, adj. sooty : smoky. [L. fuliginosus—fuligo, soot.] Full, fool, adj. having all it can contain : having no empty space ■ abundantljr supplied or fur- nished : abounding ; containing the whole matter : complete : perfect : strong : clear.— «. complete measure : highest degree : the whole : time of full-moon.— «. Full'ness or Ful'ness. [A.S. fidl; Goth, fulls. Ice. fnllr, Ger. voll, L. plemcs, Gr. pleos. See Fill.] Full, fool, adv. quite : to the same degree : with the whole effect : completely. Full, fool, v.t. (obs.) to bleach or whiten cloth. — n. Full'er, a bleacher or cleanser of cloth. fate, far ; mS, h6r ; mine ; m5te : mute ; mo5n ; then. 198 FuU fThrough A.S. fullian, to whiten as a fuller from U/ullo, a fuller.] '^ '""*'^' 'Jo%co°ur''"/nf,.l-T'"^P°""'^'='°''' i" ^^ >";'■: to scour and thicken in a milI.-«. Full'er [ hrotigh I..-, foul,;; to tread, to full or thicket v^^Th ^'""^ L.>//^, a cloth-fuller.J FuU-blown, fool'-blGn, acij. blown or fully 'ex- panded, as a flower. ' ^ Full-bottomed, fool--bot'umd, «yy. having a full or large bottom, as a wig ^ ^at't'f'h^' ?>°!''=":^."h, «. a soft car^A or /.yt^r br.. hi absorbmg grease, used in /uU- tug or oleacnmg cloth FuU-faced. fool'-fast, adj. having a full or broad ^™^e''ehf°f ■'^"■'''^'^' '"'^- f"" °f heart or Lourage . elated. "Sirnf^' r°°''-7bd. adj. having the orb or disc Fu v^ i','"'"'"^'/^, as the full-moon : round. P,^i!j;I ?' ■' '^'^'"- '^"mpletely ; entirely. ^ S^;!;!."!?"" ( f ^ 'Pf='" °'" P^'^^' inhabiting tlie bhetlaud Isles and other northern regions valuable lor its down, feathers, and oil. [N.med imminate, lul'mm-at, v.i. to thunder or make a oud nose : to issue decrees with violenc?- ' f to cause to explode : to send forth, as a denun ciation. [Lit. to hurl lightuingrL. futmfno '^J^t^',S;^^^---P°-'^°f'^'-!c ^"!f ""tfu,?.?' '""'■^"-'^h.an. n. act of fulminat- explosln Th^' °^'^^"'"g fo'-'h : a chemical explosion . a denunciation. '!^sTd'^-!fn^"'"™"''^' ".'^-'^ pertaining to an acid Piilfrli P''';P=""ing explosive compounds. FU some, ful'sum, adj. cloying : nauseous : offen- Fulvous, ful'vus, Fulvld, ful'vid, adj. deep or tllvvn^] "= '"'"'• "^- ^"'^^"' deep yelfo^: Fumarole, fum'a-rol, n. a ^;„^^^->b/^ ,-„ a volcano T?. ' I-'' "^•'- ,'° Srope about awkward y • to do anything awkwardly: to handle much.- TFVnJn '"=V"^Se awkwardly. -«. Fum'bler. [From Dut >,«,„^/^„, to fumble or grabble • cf ?nn?; {'''"\ ^"- ■^'^^'«''' '" grope about ; a i rh\!;r ^'f^P^l^f ^-S- >^-' ^^e pa.m o[ ^Zue/°"heat'nr''^'r'' -^P°"r: any volatile ^;^r i' • °^ '".'"'^' '•^ge : anything unsub- stantial, vain conceit. -t,.^-. to smoke : lo throw off vapour: to be in a rage. [Fr.-L. ST FT^erourfr°°'v^-''' '° '^1°"'' ^^ence Dust. ' bear, to produce.] Furbelow 1 oTsmoke' ;",■"■>•"/' ""y- producing y«;«^. bear,To'p;odu'^cef "'■^'''~-^"'""' ^^^ >-• »° Ftmigate, fum'i-gat, v.t. to expose to .«../.. or ga,s, _e.p for disinfecting : to perfume. fL base ofrt^o, todnve.j "ir, tne Fimilgatlon,.fum-i-g3'shun, n. act of fumigating Zell ^VO "f;'"";- "• ^. P'^"' of a disagreeable smell. lU. It. y«,«^-/^^^ earth-smoke— I /«-v,«, smoke, and /^^«, earth ] Fun, fun, «. merriment : sport. [Ety. dub. ; not 194 fate, far; me, her; mine; mote; mute; mSon ; i-^en. f"m"'tl'Iw1,' ■•'*'\-'°K S''"^''' P^°^- ™P°rtea F^ml^ii-'^-^-^V^'^aehght.] dance on a rope.-n. Funambula'tlon. (So - Anitllel' "" '■°'"'' ^"'' '""^'"'''' to walk. See iUQCtlon, fungk'shun, «. the domg o( ti thinff • oeculi'^rffl^'' '? '""^ °"""^^ °^ Profession X powe (°f,Mf ^"^ P"' °^ ""^ '^°'^y °r mind! S,w?, f'"*^''') =» quantity so connected with : h r" O^'Fr"^ L^-'-'i" '\' -e changes" he 4 to pe?formT -^^ ' ^™'" >"^^-. >«^- Fuuctlonal fungk'shun-al, adj pertainin- to or WlZ?'"^ }'^ ^"'"^'"'"■-^iv ^'^ Organic or Structural. -^rfc;. Punc'tionaUv ^ ^° °^ Functionary, fungk'shun-ar-i, ^.'^one who dis- cferges any>«.v..« or duty : one who hoWs an ^"tmeroHse ',-:'>'' 'T,"^ "^""^^ °" ^'''^h some enterprise is founded or expense supported • a 3v-^r"^ of money^a .store'^TaW upl supply ._//. permanent debts due by a govern- ment and paying interest.— ^.^. to form^a deSt into a stock charged with interest : to Dlace money „. a fund. [Fr. /oud, from L.}uSd,^ tunaament, fund'a-ment, n. the lower Dart nr fro^/i.t^'^"^^- f^^-^- ./----'«: '^'SSl/";i;f=^-fe-:^^^- or^ru";:;- "1^' "'^''^'^ ^^^--^ a.rrfoundktn; me#t'aS"°'''^^ '" ^^^^"''^'— ^-- ^unda- Puneral, fu'ner-al, «., fe^/,,/. the ceremony &c connected with burial.-«rf/ pertainin° ^ o; iised at a bunal. [Low L. JuJ^aiis^L. JLZ funerts, a funeral procession.] ^- /«'"«. ?/«rJb/""H'''''l'' "''^■- P-"ai";"g to or suiting FimffoT f" '""m= mournful. [L./««^^«„.]^ ^f;«r ""I ""'''' «f-^re.sembling a ,mJh. FmX,, Vr-^'"^""^' S^'' ^'■- ''''<"' appearance.] iUngOUS, fung'gus, adj. of or likey-««^/„ .• soff PunSi?/f ^'''?^'"^ suddenly : ephemerf 1. of^Dl'.ms^fn"r ";M''-)-^^T^'y^^-^^ ■■ an order 01 plants including »ms/iraoKis, toadstools 7fL^V '^rP^'d-flcsh formed o;, wJimds°Z //. Fungi, fun'ji, or Funguses, fung'gus-ez [L {'t'^ge^ '""^hroom-Gr. s^;u,.gios, sj^ouggol ^"'tl'"';''''-''-/ ^ !?''" ^"'-'^ °'- '■•gature: a rope ] >'""'^«^. dim. of /«,„>, a cord or Keff''f""^'"-'-r' '''''■ -nsistinL-^'T'^a ^s^'l % ' "• ^ '"h^ °'' P^^'^^ge 'Or the escape of smoke, &c. : an instrument for pouring fluids into close vessels, as bottles, &c.^ [Ety^ dub • perh. from W.J^jnei, air-hole-^.„« breath o; V.[-^Zh "'.■/"'''^ii"'l"'"-fi'ndoUo pour.] [ilT Funny, fun ^ad, full of fun : droll. -^rfe^.p^^l Fur, fur «. the short, fine hair of certain animak ■ their skins with the fur prepared for garmTn s •" a fur-hke coating on the tongue, the interior of km' f^-T?-^- '° ''"^ ^"h fur: to cover with morbid fur-hke matter :_>-./. furr'ing ; /« !» furred'. [O. Fr. Jburr,, Fr. /burreau (cf f,?'r{T''}h'-^'^'''''j 'i"i"g)-Teut. root foi^nd in Goth.^o'r-, Ger. fu/ier, a case or sheath 1 ^i'nllTb '"d^"'?' "■ '^'- ) ^ ^''-- 'ori-- • the iringed border of a gown or petticoat. [Fr It and Sp. /a/ia/a; of unknown origin. Theword simulates an English form-/«r-^|&,„.] "^°"* Furbish Furbish, fur'bish, v.t. to /?iyih.) one of the three goddesses of ven- geance : hence, a passionate, violent woman. [Fr.ftrie — Ij. furia—furo, to be angry.] Furze, furz, n. the whin or gorse, a prickly ever- green bush with beautiful yellow flowers, so called from the likeness of its spines to those of the fr-tree. [A. S. fyrs ; cog. with Gael, preas, a brier.] Furzy, furz'i, adj. overgrown with _/arzff. P3r Fuscous, fus'kus, adj. brown : dingy. [L. fuscus, akin to firvus (ior fts-vus).} Fuse, fuz, 71. t. to melt: to liquefy by heat. — v.i. to be melted : to be reduced to a liquid. [L. fmdo,fusuw, to melt.] Fuse, fuz, «. a tube filled with combiistible matter for firing mines, discharging shells, &c. [A corr. of Fusil.] Fusee, fu-ze', n. a match or cigar light : a fuse : a fusil. Fusee, fu-ze', «. the spindle in a watch or clock on which the chain is wound, \yx.fisee, a spindle- ful, from V,.fusus, a spindle.] Fusel-oil, fu'zel-oil, w. a nauseous oil in spirits distilled from potatoes, barley, &c. {Ger. fusel, bad spirits.] [ — «. Fusibil ity. Fusible, fuz'i-bl, adj. that may he fised or melted. Fusil, fuz'il, «. a light musket or firelock. [Fr. fusil, a flint, musket, same as \t.focile — Low L. focile, steel (to strike fire with), dim. oi focus, a fireplace.] Fusilade, fuz'il-ad, n, a simultaneous discharge of f rearms.— zi.t. to shoot down by a simul- taneous discharge of firearms. \^r.— fusil, a musket.] Fusilier, Fusileer, fti-zil-er', «. {orig.) a soldier armed with a fusil, but now armed like other infantry. Fusing-point, fuz'ing-point, «. the temperature at which any solid substance is fised — that is, becomes liquid. Fusion, fu'zhun, 71, act of melting : the state of fluidity from heat : a close union of things, as if melted together. Fuss, fus, «. a bustle or tumult : haste, flurry. — adj. Fuss'j.— adv. Fuss'ily. [A.S. fus, ready, prompt to find—fu>idia7i, to strive alter— f7uia7i, to find.] Fustet, fus'tet, «. the wood of the Venice sumach : a dyestuff". [Fr. fustet. dim. of O. Fr.fust—L. fjtstis, a stick, in Low L. a tree.] Fustian, fust'yan, 71. a kind of coarse, twilled cotton cloth : a pompous and unnatural style of writing or speaking : bombast. — adj. made of fustian : bombastic. [O. Fr. fustai/ie, Fr. futai7ie — It. fustagTio — Low L. fusta7ietc7n, from Fostat (a suburb of Cairo) in Egypt, where first made.] Fustic, fus'tik, «. the wood of a W. Indian tree, used as a dyestuff. [Yr.fisioc — V,. fustis.'^ Fustigatlon, fus-ti-gii'shun, «. a beating with a stick. [L. fustigo, fustigatus, to beat with a st\c\i.—fusiis, a stick.] Fusty, fust'i, adj. (lit.) smelling of the ivood of the cask, as wine : ill-smelling. — n. Fust'iness. [O. Yr. just, wood of a cask — \-..fustis.^ Futile, fu'til, adj. useless : unavailing : trifling. — adv. Fu'tilely. [Fr. — L. futilis—fud, root of /undo, to pour.] Futility, fu-til'i-ti, n. uselessness. FuttOGks, fut'uks, 7i.pl. a curved timber forming part of one of the ribs of a ship. [Perh. cor- rupted horn fooi-hooks.'\ Future, fut'ur, adj., abotct to be: that is to come : [gram.) e.\pressing what will be. — n. time to come. [L J'uturus, fiit. p. oiesse, to be.] Futurity, fut-ur'i-ti, 71. time to come: an event or state of being yet to come. Fuzz, fuz. v.i. to fly oft" in minute particles with a fizzi7ig ^onnA. like water from hot iron. — «. fine light p.irticles, as dust. — n. Fuzz'ball, a kind of fungus, whose head is full of a fine dust. [Akin to Fizz ; Ger. pfische/i, to fizz.] Py, fi, i/it. Same as Fie. fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; mSDn ; then. 196 Gabardine G Gabardine, Gaberdine, gab-ar-den' or gab'ar-din, «. a coarse frock or loose upper garment : a mean dress. [Sp. ,i^abartii?ia — Sp. gabaii, a kind of greatcoat, of which ety. dub.J Gabble, gab'l, v.i. to talk inarticulately : to chatter : to cackle like geese. — >is. Gabb ler, Gabb'ling. [Prob. from Ice. gahba ; cf. Fr. gaber, Dut. gabben-n, to joke, and many other forms, which are all imitative.] Gabion, ga'bi-un, «. {Jort. ) a bottomless basket of wicker-work filled with earth, used for shelter from the enemy's fire. [Fr. — \\..gabbio>te, a large cage — gabbia — L. cavea, a hollow place — caviis, hollow.] [thrown up as a defence. Gabionnade, ga-bi-un-ild', n. a line of gabio/ts Gable, gu'bl, «. [arck.) the triangular part of an exterior wall of a building between the top of the side-walls and the slopes of the roof. [Perh. of Celt, origin, as in Ir. gabhal, a fork or gable ; cf. Ger. giebel, a gable, gabel, a fork.] Gablet, ga'blet, n. a small gable or canopj'. Gaby, gS'bi, «. a simpleton. [From a Scand. root seen in Ice. gapi — gapa, to gape. See Gape.] Gad, gad, ti. a wedge of steel : a graver : a rod or stick. [Prob. from Scand. gaddr, a goad, and cog. with A.S. gad, a goad.] Gad, gad, v.i. to rove about restlessly, like cattle stung by the gadjiy.^pr.p. gadd'ing ; pa.p. gadded. Gadfly, gad'fll, n. a fly which pierces the skin of cattle m order to deposit its eggs. [From Gad, n. and Fly.] Gaelic, ga'lik, adj. pertaining to the Gaels or Scottish Highlanders. — «. the northern or Ga- dhelic branch of the Celtic family of languages, embracing the Irish, the Highland-Scottish, and the Manx : (more commonly) the Highland-Scot- tish dialect. [Prob. originally a Celtic word, of which the Latinised form is Gallus. The O. Ger. word walk or walah (E. IVelsk), applied by the Teutons to their neighbours, is not found till the 8th cent., and is merely a form of L. Gal- Ivs, a Gaul, a stranger or foreigner. See Welsh.] Gaflf, gaf, n. a boat-hook or fishing-spear : a kind of boom or yard. [Fr. gaffe, from a Celt, root found in Irish gaf, a hook— root gabli, to take ; allied to L. capio, E. Have.] Gaffer, gaf'er, «. [orig.) a word of respect applied to an old man, now expressive of familiarity or contempt. [Contr. o{ gramfer, the West of Eng- land form of Grandfatber. See Gammer.] Gag, gag, v.t. to forcibly stop the mouth: to silence :^/>r./. gagg'ing ; pa.p. gagged'. — n. something thrust into the mouth or put over it to enforce silence. [Ety. dub. ; prob. imitative.] Gage, gaj, «. 2. pledge: security for the fulfilment of a promise : something thrown down as a challenge, as a glove. — v.i. to bind by pledge or security. [Fr. gage — gager, to wager — Low L. vadiiDii, which is either from L. vas, vadis, a pledge, or from a Teut. root found in Goth. vadi, A.S. ived, a pledge, Ger. wette, a bet; the two roots, however, are cog. See Bet.] Gage, gaj, v.t. to measure. Same as Gauge. Gaiety, ga'e-ti, «. merriment : finery : .show. Gaily, ga-li, adv. in a gay manner. See Gay. Gain, gan, v.t. to obtain by effort : to earn : to be successful in : to draw to one's own party : to reach : (New Test.) to escape. — «. that which is gained: profit:— opp. to LOSS. [M.¥,. gainen, to profit, from the Scand., in Ice. gag7i, Dan. Gallerj gavn, gain. The word is quite independent of Fr. gagner, with which it has been confused.] Gainer, gan'er, «. one who i,vj/«j profit, &c. Gainful, gfm'fool, adj. productive of wealth : ad- vantageous.— «ise prou. gal-op'). [Fr. galoper, from a Teut. root found in Goth, gahlaupan, Ger. lau/en, A.S. gehleapan, to leap.] Gallopade, gal-up-ad', «. a quick kind of dance — then, the music appropriate to it. — v.i. to perform a gallopade. [Fr. ] Galloway, gal'o-wa, «. a small strong horse orig. from Galloway in Scotland. Gallows, gal'ns, n. an instrument on which crimi- nals are e.xecuted by hanging. [A. S. galga ; Ger. galgen.} Galoche, Galosh, ga-losh', n. a shoe or slipper worn over another in wet weather. [Fr. ga/oc/ie, of which ety. dub. ; either from L. gallica, a slipper, from Gallicus, pertaining to Gaul, or from L. calopedia, a wooden shoe — Gr. kalo- podion, dim. of kalopoiis, kalapons, a shoe- maker's last— /C'i. Galvanise, gal'van-Iz, v. t. to affect with galvan- ism. — n. Gal'vanist, one skilled in galvanism. Galvanism, gal'van-izm, «. a branch of the science of electricity, which treats of electric currents produced by chemical agents. [From Galvani of Bologna, the discoverer, 1737-98.] Galvanometer, gal-van-om'et-er, 71. an instrument for 7neas7iring the strength of galvanic currents. \Galva7n, and Gr. 77tetro7t, a measure.] Gambado, gam-ba'do, «. a leather covering for the legs to defend them from mud in riding. [It. gamba, the leg.] Ganoid Gamble, gam'bl, v.i. to play for money in gatna of chance. — v.t. to squander away. — «. Gam'- bler. Gamboge, gam-booj' or gam-boj', «. a yellow gum-resin used as a pigment and in medicine. [So named from Cambodia, in Asia, where it is obt.iined.] Gambol, gam'bol, v.i. to leap or skip: to frisk or dance in sport. — pr.p. gam'boling ; /«./. gam- boled. — «. a skipping : playfulness. [Fr. ga7K' bade, a gambol, from gambe, old form of Fr. ja>nbe, the leg — Low L. ga7/tba, a thigh.] Game, gam, «., sport of any kind : an exercise for amusement : the stake in a game : wild animals protected by law and hunted by sportsmen. [A.S. ga7nen, play ; cog. with Ice. ga7nan, Dan. ga7)i7ne7i, O. Ger. ga/nan, mirth, joy.] Game, gam, 7j.i. to play at any game : to play for money, to gamble. —«. Gaming, the practice of playing for money. Gamecock, gam'kok, «. a cock trained to fight. Gamekeeper, gam'kep-er, n. one who keeps or has the care of game. Game-laws, gSm'-lawz, 7i.pl. laws relating to the protection of certain animals called game. Gamesome, gam'sum, adj. playful. Gamester, gam'ster, «. one viciously addicted to ginning or playing for money : a gambler. Gammer, gam'er, «. an old woman — the correla- tive of Gaflfer. [Contr. of g7a7/t»ier, the West of England form of Grandmother. See Gaffer.] Gammon, gam'un, «. the leg or thigh of a hog pickled and smoked or dried. — v.t. to cure, as bacon : — pr.p. gamm'oning ; pa. p. gamm'oned. [O. Fr. ga/nbon, old form oljambon, a ham.] Gammon, gam'un, «. a hoax: nonsense. — v.t. to hoax, impose upon. [A.S. ganie7t, a game. See Game.] Gamut, gam'ut, «. the musical scale : the scalfe or compass of wind instruments. [So called from the Gr. gaitniia, which stood first in the scale invented by Guy of Arezzo, and thus gave its name to the whole scale ; and L. ut, the syllable used in singing the first note of the scale.] Gander, gan'der, «. the male of the goose. [A.S. ga7uira, from older form ga7ira, with inserted d. See Goose.] Gang, gang, 71. a number oi -psrsions goi7tg togetlier or associated for a certain purpose, usually in a bad sense. [A.S. — ganga7i, to go.] Gangboard, gang'bOrd, «. a board or plank on which passengers may go or walk into or out of a ship. Gangliac, gang'gli-ak. Ganglionic, gang-gli-on'ik, adj. pertaining to a ga7iglio/i. Ganglion, gang'gli-on, n. a. tuDiojcr in the sheath of a tendon: an enlargement in the course of a nerve -.—pi. Ganglia or Ganglions. [Gr.] Gangrene, gang'gren, n. loss of vitality in some part of the body : the first stage in mortification. — v.t. to mortify. — v.i. to become putrid. [Fr. — L. gaiigro'iia—Gr. ganggraina, from grai7id, to gnaw.] Gangrenous, gang'gren-us, adj. mortified. Gangway, gang'wa, 71. a passage or ivay by which to go into or out of any place, esp. a ship : (7iaut. ) a narrow platform of planks along the upper part of a ship's side. [A.S. ga7ig, and Way.] Gannet, gan'et, n. a web-footed fowl found in the northern seas. [A.S. ga7iot, a sea-fowl, from root of Gander.] Ganoid, gan'oid, «. one of an order of fishes hav- ing shi/ii/ig scales, enamelled and angular, as the sturgeon. [Gr. ga7ios, splendour, eidos, form.] fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mSte ; miite ; miTOn ; Men. 197 Gantlet Gantlet, «. a glove. Same as Gauntlet. Gantlet, gant'let, Gantlope, gant'lOp, «. a pun- ishment consisting in driving a crimmal through a lane formed by two files of men, who each strike him as he passes — said to have been in- troduced by Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden. \%\i. gatlopp—gata (E. gate), a street, a line of soldiers, lofip (E. leaj>), course.] Gaol, Jail, jal, «. a prison.— «. Gaol'er, Jall'er, one who has charge of a gaol or of prisoners, called also a turnkey. [O. Fr. i;aiole, Fr. gcdle — Low L. gabiolii, a cage, dim. of Low L. gabia, a cage, which is a corr. of cavea, a cage, coop, lit. a hollow place— L. cavus, hollow. See Cage.] Gap, gap, «. an opening made by rupture or part- ing : a cleft : a passage. [From Gape.] Gape, gap, v.i. to open the mouth wide : to yawn : to stare with open mouth : to be open, like a gap. — «. act of gaping : width of the mouth when opened. [A.S. geapan, to gape ; Ice. gapa, to open.] Gaper, gap'er, n. one who gapes. Gap-toothed, gap'-tpotht, adj. having gaps or in- terstices between the teeth. Gar, gar. Garfish, gar'fish, n. a long, slender fish with ^.pointed head. [A.S. gar, a dart.] Garb, garb, «. fashion of dress : external appear- ance. [O. Fr., from O. Ger. garaivi, prepara- tion, dress, O. Ger. garo, ready ; cf. A.S. gearu, ready, E. Yare.] Garbage, gar'baj, «. refuse, as the bowels of an animal. [Prob. from Garble.] Garble, gar'bl, v.t. to select out of a book or writing what may serve our own purpose, in a bad sense : to mutilate or corrupt. — 71. Gar'bler, one \)\\o garbles or selects. [O. Fr. — Sp. gar- billar, to sift — garbillo, a sieve; of dub. origin.] Garden, gar'dn, «. a piece of ground on which flowers, &c. are cultivated. — v.i. to work in a garden : to practise gardening. [O. Fr. gardin, Fr. jardin, from root of Ger. garten, A.S. geard. E. yard, Goth, gards.] Gardening, gar'dn-ing, «. the art of laying out and cultivating gardens. — ti. Gar'dener, one who cultivates or has charge of a garden. Gargle, gar'gl, v.t. to make a liquid gurgle or bubble in the throat without swallowing it : to wash the throat, preventing the liquid from going down by expelling air against it. — n. a preparation for washing the throat. [Fr. gar- gouiller—gargouille, the weasand or throat. See Gargoyle.] Gargoyle, gar'goil, n. a projecting spout, convey- ing the water from the roof-gutters of buildings, often representing human or other figures. fFr. gargonille, the throat, mouth of a spout, dim. from root garg or gorg in Gorge.] Garish, gar'ish, adj. showy : gaudy. — adv. Gar'- ishly.— «. Gar'iShneSS. [O. E. gare, to stare ; a form of M.E. gasen, whence Gaze, which see.] Garland, gar'land, n. a wreath of flowers or leaves : a name for a book of extracts in prose or poetry. — v.t. to deck with a garland. [O. Fr. garlande ; origin doubtful.] Garlic, gar'lik, «. a bulbous-rooted plant having a pungent taste, u^ed as seasoning. — adj. Gar'- licky, like garlic. ['Spear-leek' or 'spear- plant,' from the shape of its leaves, from A.S. garleac—gar, a spear, and leac, a leek, plant.] Garment, gar'ment, 71. any article of clothing, as a coat or gown. [O. Fr. garnii7ie7tt — gar7iir, to furnish.] Gamer, gar'ner, n. a granary or place where Gasify grain is stored up. — v.t. to store as in a gamer. [O. Fr. ge7^tier\Vr. gre7iier) — L. granaria, a %x2i\-\z.xy—gra7ut»i, a grain. See Granary. ] Garnet, gar'net, «. a precious stone resembline the grai7is or seeds of the pr>/itegra7tate : {7iaut7) a sort of tackle fixed to the mainstay in ships. [Fr. gre7iat — L. [po}7int7i) gra7iatu/n, grained (apple), the pomegranate — granion, a grain.] Garnish, garnish, v.t. to furnish : to adorn : to surround with ornaments, as a dish. [Fr. gar- 7iir, to furnish, old form gtiariiir, luar/iir, to warn, defend — from a Tent, root found in A.S. iiiar)iia7i, Ger. wa7-ue>i, E. warn.^ Garnish, gar'nish. Garnishment, gar'nish-ment, 71. that which garnishes or embellishes : orna- ment. Garnishor, gar'nish-er, n. one who garnishes. Garniture, gar'nit-ur, 7t.,/uriiitu>-e : ornament. Garret, gar'et, n. a room next the roof of a house. [O. Fr. garite, a place of safety — O. Fr. garir, Fr. giterir, from a Teut. root found in Ger. weh>en, Goth. varja7t, A.S. wnria/i, to defend, E. wary, uiar7i.\ [a poor author. Garreteer, gar-et-er', «. one who lives in a si^arrei : Garrison, gar'i-sn, «. a supply of soldiers for guard- ing a fortress : a fortified place. — v.t. to furnish a fortress with troops : to defend by fortresses manned with troops. [Fr. gar7eison—gar7iir, to furnish. See Gamish. ] GaiTOtte, gar-rot', Garrote, gar-rot', 71. a Spanish mode of strangling criminals with a cord placed over the neck and twisted tight by a. stick: the brass collar afterwards used in strangling. — v.t. to strangle by a brass collar tightened by a screw, whose point enters the spinal marrow : to suddenly render insensible by semi-strangula- tion, and then to rob: — pr.fi. garrott'ing, garrot'- ing ; pa.p. garrott'ed, garrot'ed. [Sp. garrote, a cudgel, a packing-stick : of imcertain origin.] Garrotter, gar-rot er, Garroter, gar-rot'er, 7t. one who garrottes. Garrulity, gar-ul'i-ti, GaiTUlousness, gar'u-lus- nes, 71. talkativeness : loquacity. Garrulous, gar'a-lus, adj. talkative. [L. garrtp- his — root of garrio, to chatter.] Garter, garter, «. a string or band used to tie the stocking to the leg: the badge of the highest order of knighthood in Great Britain, called the Order of the Garter. — v.t. to bind with a garter. [Norm. Fr. gartier, Fr. jarretieres—jarret, the ham of the leg, from Bret, gar (W. gar), the shank of the leg.] Gas, gas, «. fluid in the form of air: any kind of air, esp. that obtained from coal, used in lighting houses. — ■//. Gas'es. [A word invented by Van Helmont, a chemist of Flanders, 1577— 1644 ; the form of the word was prob. suggested by Flem. geest, Ger. geist, spirit.] Gasalier, gas-a-ler', «. a hanging frame with branches for gas-jets. Gasconade, gas-kon-ad', «. a boasting or bragg- ing like a Gascon : bravado. — v.i. to brag or boast.— «.9. Gasconading, Gasconad'er. [Gas- C071, a native of Gascony in France — a province whose inhabitants are noted for boasting.] Gaseous, gaz'e-us, adj. in the form ai gas or air. Gas-fitter, gas'-fit'er, 71. one who fits up the pipes and brackets for ^^.r-lighting. Gash, gash, v.t. to make a deep hack or cut into anything, esp. into flesh — «. a deep, opei. wound. [Ety. dub.] Gasify, gas'i-fl, v.t. to convert into gas :^pr.p. gas'ifying; pa.p. gas'ified. — k. Gasification. [Gas, and 'L.facio, to make.] 198 fate, far ; me, her : mine ; mSte : mute ; mSoo ; Men. Gasometer Gemxanle Gasometer, gaz-om'et-er, «. an instrument for measuring gas : a place for holding gas. [GaS, and Gr. ft/e/ron, a measure.] Gasp, gasp, 7'.i. to gape in order to cntc'^ breath: to breathe laboriously or convulsively. — /<. the act of opening the mouth to catch the breath . a painful catching of the breath. [Ice. gei's^a, to yawn ; thus gasjia stantls for gapsa, an ex- tension of Ice. gapa, to gape ; hence Gasp is etymologically a freq. of Gape.] Gastric, gas'trik, adj. belonging to the belly or stomach. [Gr. gaster, the belly.] Gastronomy, gas-tron'om-i, «. the art or science of good eating. [Gr. s:astcr, and nomos, a rule.] Gat, gat_ (.§.)/«./. of Get. Gate, gat, n. a passage into a city, inclosure, or any large building : a frame in the entrance into any inclosure : an entrance. [A. S. geat, a way, a gate ; cog. forms exist in all the Teut. languages.] Gated, gat'ed, adj. furnished with gates. Gateway, gat'wa, «. the way through a gate : a gate itself Gather, gaM'er, v. t. to collect : to acquire : to plait : to learn by inference. — v.i. to assemble or muster: to incre.se: to suppurate.— «. a plait or fold in cloth, i> ade by drawing the thread through. [A.S. gaderian — A.S. g''^d, com- pany. ] [gleaner. Gatherer, ga///er-er, », one who collects : a Gathering, ga//j'er-ing, n. a crowd or assembly : a tumoiu- or collection of matter. Gaucho, ga-o'cho, «. a native of the La Plata pampas of Spanish -descent, noted for their marvellous horsemanship. Gaudy, ga.vd'i, (ZiZ/'.-showy : ^■xy.—adv. Gaud'ily. — «. Gaud'iness, showiness. [M. E. gaude, an ornament; from L. gaudiitm, joy— gaudere.] Gauge, gaj, «. a jneasuring-rod : a standard of measure: estimate.— I'.z'. to measure the contents of any vessel : to estimate ability. [O. Fr. ganger — gauge, a liquid measure, old form of jauge, a measuring-rod — Low L. gaiig!a.'\ Gauger, gaj'er, n. an excise officer whose busi- ness is to gauge or measure the contents of casks. Gauging, gaj'ing, n. the art of measuring casks containing excisable liquors. Gaul, gawl, «. a name of ancient France : an in- habitant of Ga.n\.— adj. Gaul'ish. [L. Gallia.] Gaunt, gant, adj. thin : of a pinched appearance. —adv. Gauntly.— «. Gaunt'ness. [Kty. duo.] Gauntlet, gant'let, n. the iron glove of armour, formerly thrown down in challenge : a long glove covering the wrist. [Fr. gautelet — gant, from a Teut. root ; cf. Ice. vottr, a glove, Dan. vante.\ Ga(UZe, gawz, «. a thin, transparent fabric, orig. of silk, now of any fine hard-spun fibre. — adj. Gauz'y, like gauze. [Fr. gaze— Gaza in Pales- tine, whence it was first brought.] Gave, gav./rt.i". of Give. Gavelkind, gaVel-kind. n. tenure by which lands descend from the father to all the sons in equal portions. [Celt. : Ir. gabhail, a tenure, ciiie, a race.] Gavotte, ga-vot', «. a lively kind of dance, some- what like a country-dance, orig. a dance of the Gavotes, the people of Gap, in the Upper Alps. Gawk, gawk, n. a cuckoo : a simpleton : a tall, awkward fellow. — otij. Gawk'y, like a ciickoo, awkward. [A. S. geac ; Scot, gotvk, Ger. gauch, cuckoo, a simpleton. See Cuckoo.] Gay, ga, adj., lively: bright: sportive, merry: showy. — adv. Gaily or Gayly. {Yr.gai; prob. from root of Ger. jdhe, quick, lively.] Gayety, g.a e-ti, n. Same as Gaiety. Gaze, gaz, v.i. to look fixedly. — n. a fixed look : a look of prolonged attention : the object gazed at. [From a Scand. root preserved in Swed. gasa, to stare ; akin to the Goth, base gais See Aghast an~we, pre- paration — gearu, ready. Tare is a doublet : also Garb.] [toothed wheels and pinions. Gearing, ger'ing, «. harness: [mech.) a train of Geese, plural of Goose. Gehenna, ge-hen'a, n. (lit.) the valley o/HinnoiH, near Jerusalem, in which the Israelites sacrificed their children to iVIoloch, and to which, at a later time, the refuse of the city was conveyed to be slowly burnt — hence [Neiu Test.) hell. [L. — Heb. Ge, valley of, and Hititiom,] Gelatin, Gelatine, jel'a-tin, n. an animal sub- stance which dissolves in hot water and forms a jelly when cold. [Fr. — L. gelo, gelatmtt, to freeze — gelu, frost.] Gelatinate, je-lat'in-at. Gelatinise, je-Iat'in-Tz, v.t. to make into gelatine or jelly. — v.i. to be converted into gelatine or jelly. — «. Gelatina'- tion. [intojelly. Gelatinous, je-lat'in-us, ad/, resembling or formed Geld, geld, V. t. to emasculate or castrate : to de- prive of anything essential : to deprive of any- thing obscene or objectionable. — «. Geld'er. [Scand., as in Ice. gelda, Dan. gilde. See Cullion.] [animal, especially a horse. Gelding, geld'ing, n. act of castrating : a castrated Gelid, jel'id, adj., icy cold : col&.— adv. Gelldly. —ns. Gel'idness, Gelid'ity. [L. gelidtis-gelu.] Gem, jem, n. (lit.) leaf-btid: any precious stone, esp. when cut : anything extremely valuable or attractive. — v.t. to adorn with gems: — pr.p. gemm'ing ; pa.p. gemmed'. [Fr. gemtne — L. g^mma, a bud ; allied to Gr. gemo, to be full.] i Gemini, jem'i-nt, n.pl. the twins, a constellation containing the two bright stars Castor and Pollux. [L., pi. of geininus, twin-bom, for genminus — gen, root o\ gigno, to beget.] GeininoUS, jem'in-us, adj. (bot.) double, in pairs. Gemmate, jem'at, adj. {bot.) having buds. [L, gemma-tus, pa.p. of gemmo, to hni\^gemma.\ Oraimation, jem-ma'shun, n. (bot. ) act or time of budding : arrangement of buds on the stalk. Gemmiferous, jem-mif'er-us, adj., producing buds. [L. gemmifer— gem7na, and jero, to bear.] Gemmiparous, jem-mip'ar-us, adj. (zool.) reprO' ducing by buds growing on the body. [L. gemma, a hwd, pario, to bring forth.] Gemmule, jem'ul, n. a little getn or leaf-bud. [Fr. — L. getniiiula, dim. of gemma.} fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mSte ; mute ; moOn ; /Aen. 199 Qender Gender, jen'der, v.t. to beget.— v.i. {B.) to copu- late, f An abbrcv. of Engender.] Gender, jen'der, «. kimi, csp. with regard to sex : (zrnin. ) tlie distinction of nouns ace. to sex. [Fr. gt/iyf — L. genus, gpieris, a kind, kin.] Crenealogical, jen-e-a-loj'ik-al, adj. pertaining to or exhibiting the genealogy or pedigree of fami- lies or persons. — adv. Genealogically. Genealogist, jen-e-al'o-jist, «. one who studies or traces tieneulogics or descents. Genealogy, jcn-e-al'o-ji, «., history of the descent of J'tinuiics : the pedigree of a particular person or family. [Fr — L. — (>r. ge>iealogia — genea, birth, descent, and -/ogia, an account — legein, to speak of. See Geniis and LoglC] Genera. See Genus. General, jen'er-al, adj. relating to a genus or whole class : including many species: not special : not restricted : common : prevalent : public : loose: vague. [Fr. — \j. gencralis— genus.] General, jen'er-al, «. the whole or chief part : an officer who is head over a whole department : a military officer who commands a body of men not less than a brigade : the chief commander of an army in service : in the R. C. Church, the head of a religious order, responsible only to the Pope. Generalisation, jen-er-al-i-za'shun, «. act of generalising or of comprehending under a conuiion name several objects resembling each other in some part of their nature. Generalise, jen'er-al-Iz, 71. t. to make general: to reduce to or include under a i;enus or general term : to infer from one or a few the nature of a whole class. [Fr. generaliser — generai.'\ Generalissimo, jen-er-al-is'i-mo, «. the chief general or commander of an army of two or more divisions, or of separate armies. [It.] Generality, jen-er-al'i-ti, n. state of being general or of including particulars : the main part : the greatest part. [Fr. — L. generalitas.'] Generally, j en'er-al-i, arfj'. in general: commonly: extensively : most frequently : in a general way : without detail : (.5.) collectively, together : (Pr, Bk.) without restriction or limitation.] Generalship, jen'er-al-ship, «. the office or skill of a general or military officer : military skill. Generant, jen'er-ant, «. the power that generates or i>roduces. [L., pr.p. oi genero, to generate.] Generate, jen'er-at, v.t. to produce one's kind: to bring into life : to originate. [L. genero, gene- rat us — s:enus, a kind.] Generation, jen-er-a'shun, n. a producing or originating : that which is generated : a single stage in natural descent : the people of the same age or period : race : — ■//. [B.) genealogy, his- tory. [Fr. — 'L. generaiio.'l Generative, jen'er-a-tiv, adj. having the power of generating or producing : prolific. Generator, jen'er-a-tor, n. begetter or producer : the principal sound in music. [L.] Generic, je-ner'ik, Generical, je-ner'ik-al, adj. marking or comprehending a genus. — adv. Gener'ically. [Fr. generique.l Generosity, jen-er-os'i-ti, n. nobleness or liberality of nature. [¥r. ge>t^rosite — L. generositas.^ Generous, jen'er-us, adj. of a noble nature : cour- ageous : liberal : invigorating in its nature, as v/ms.—adv. Gen'erously.— ?/. Gen'erousness. [Lit. and orig. of a high or noble genus or family. O. Fr. — h. generos7is — genus, birth.] Genesis, jen'e-sis, «. , generation, creation, or pro- duction : the first book of the Bible, so called from its containing an account of the Creation. [L. and Gr. — Gx.gignotnai — obs. geno, to beget.] Gentle Genet. Same as Jennet. Genet, jen'et, n. a carnivorous animal, allied to the civet, of a gray colour, marked with black or brown, a native of Africa, Asia, and S. Europe. [Fr. genette — Sp. gineta : of Eastern origin.] Geneva, je-ne'va, }i. a spirit distilled from grain and flavoured with y««j/*i?r-berries, also called Hollands. (Fr. genievre — L. juniperus, thft juniper ; corrupted to Geneva by confusion with the town of that name. See Gin.] Genial, je'ni-al, adj. cheering : merry : kindly : sympathetic: healthful. — adv. Ge'nially. [Fr. — L. genialis, from genius, the spirit of social enjoyment.] Geniality, je-ni-al'i-ti, Genlalness, je'ni-al-nes, n. quality of being ^CT//rt/; gaiety: cheerfulness. Geniculate, je-nik'u-lat, Geniculated, je-nik'u. lat-ed, adj. [bot.) bent abruptly like the knee: jointed : knotted. — n. Genicilla'tion. [L. genictt- latus^genicuhtin, a little knee — genii, the knee.] Genital, jen'i-tal, adj. belonging to generation, oi the act of producing. [Fr. — L. genitalis — gigfio, genitus, to beget. See Genus.] [generatiofi. Genitals, jen'i-talz, n.pl. the exterior organs of Genitive, jen'i-tiv, adj. [gram.) applied to a case properly denoting the class or kind to which a thing belongs, represented in modern English by the Possessive case. [L. getiitivus (gigno, genitui, to beget), as if indicating origin, a mis- translation of Gr. genikos — genos, a class.] Genius, je'ni-us or jen'yus, n. a good or evil spirit, supposed by the ancients to preside over every person, place, and thing, and esp. to preside over a man's destiny from his birth: — ■//. Genii, je'ni-I. [L. genius — gigno, genitus, to beget, produce. See Genus.] Genius, jen'yus or je'ni-us, n. the special inborn faculty of any individual : special taste or dis- position qualifying for a particular employment : superior inborn power of mind : a man having such power of mind : peculiar constitution or character of anything : — pi. Geniuses, jen'yus-ez. Gennet. Same as Jennet. Genre-painting, zhongr-pant'ing, 7i. {paint.) the general name applied to all compositions with figures that are not specifically landscapes or historical paintings. [Fr. genre, kind, sort — L. genus. Cf Gender.] Gent, jent, n. familiar abbrev. of Gentleman : one who apes the gentleman. Genteel, jen-tel', adj. well-bred : graceful in man- ners or in form. — adzi. Genteelly. — «. Genteel'- ness, same as Gentility. [Lit. belonging to a noble race or family, from Fr. gentii — L. gentilis — gens, a Roman clan or family — gen, root of Gr. gignomai, to beget. See Genus.] Gentian, jen'shan, n. a plant the root of which is u.sed in medicine, said to have been brought into use by Uentius, king of lllyria, conquered by the Romans in 167 B.C. Gentile, jen'lll, n. (B.) any one not a Jew : a heathen. — adj. belonging to any nation but the Jews: {gram.) denoting a race or country. [L. gentilis — gens, a nation ; the Jews spoke of those who did not acknowledge their religion as the nations.] Gentility, jen-til'i-ti, «. good birth or extraction : good-breeding : politeness of manners. Gentle, jent'l, adj. well-born : mild and refined in manners : mild in disposition : amiable : soothing. —adv. Gently.— «. Gent'leness. [Fr.— L. gentilis. See Genteel.] Gentle, jen'tl, «. the maggot of the blue-bottle used as bait in angling. [Ety. dub.] 200 fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mOte : mute ; moon ; Men. Gentlefolks Gerund Gentlefolks, jen'tl-foks, n.pl.,folh of good family or above the vulgar. [See Folk.] Gentleman, jen'tl-man, «. a ma7i of gentle or good birth : one" who without a title wears a coat of arms : more gen. every man above the rank of yeoman, including the nobihty : one above the trading classes : a man of refined manners : an officer of the royal household : — in ;*/. a word of address :— //. Gentlemen -.—fem. Gen'tlewoman. Gentlemanlike, jen'tl-raan-lik, Gentlemanly, jen'tl-man-li, adj. well-bred, refined, generous. — «. Gen'tlemanliness. Gentry, jcn'tri, n. the class of people between the nobility and the vulgar. [M. E. geiitrie is a corr. of an older ioxm. gentrise , from O. Fr. gente- rise, gcntUise, which was formed from adj. getitil, gentle, like noblesse from noble.l Genuflection, Genuflexion, jen-u-flek'shun, «. act oi bending the knee, esp. in worship. [Fr. — ■ L. genu, the knee, Jiexio, a bending— ;/?6'c/£», flexiDn, to bend.] Genuine, jen'u-in, adj. natural, not spurious or adulterated : real : pure. — adv. Gen'uinely^ — «. Gen'uineness. [Fr. ; L. genuinus — gig'io, genitus, to beget, to be born.] Genus, je'nus, «. a group consisting of a number of species h.iving common marks or character- istics : [log.) a class of objects comprehending several subordinate species:^/*/. Genera, jen'er-a. [L. genics, ge. rris, birth ; cog. with Gr. genos — gignoniai, obo. geno. Sans, jan, to beget, E. Kin.] Geocentric, je-o-sen'trik, Geocentrical, je-o-sen'- trik-al, adj. having the earth for its centre: (astr.) as seen or measured from the earth. — adv. Geooentrically. [Gr. ge, the earth, and kcntron, a centre.] Geode, je'Od, 7i. \min.) a rounded nodule of stone with a hollow interior. [Gr. geodes, earth-like, earthen — ge, earth, eidos, form.] Geodesic, je-o-des'ik, Geodesical, je-o-des'ik-al. Geodetic, je-o-det'ik, Geodetical, je-o-det'ik-al, adj. pertaining to or determined by geodesy. Geodesy, je-od'e-si, n. a science whose object is to measure the earth and its parts on a large scale. [Fr. geodesic — Gr. geodaisia—ge, the earth, daid, to divide.] Geognosy, je-og'no-si, «. a branch of geology which explains the actual mineral structure of the earth without inquiring into its history or the mode of its formation. — n. Ge'ognost. — adj. Geognost'ic. [Fr. geognosie — Gr. ge, the earth, and gnosis, knowledge — gignosko, to know.] Geogony, je-og'o-ni, «. the doctrine of the pro- duction ox formation of the earth. — adj. Geo- gon'ic. [Fr. !^eogonie—Gx. ge, the earth, gone, generation — geno, gignomai, to be born, pro- duced.] Geographer, je-og'ra-fer, n. one who is versed in, or who writes on geography. Geographic, je-o-graf'ik. Geographical, je-o- grafik-al, adj. relating to geography. — adv. Geogi-aph'ically. Geography, je-og'ra-fi, n. the science which de- scribes the surface of the earth and its inhabit- ants : a book containing a description of the earth. [Fr. — L. — Gx. geographia—ge, the earth, grapJie, a description — grapho, to write, to describe.] Geological, je-o-loj'ik-al, adj. pertaining to geology. —adv. GeolOg'ically. [Fr. geologigue.] Geologise, je-ol'o-jlz, v.i. to study geology. Geologist, je-ol'o-jist, «. one versed in geology. Geology, je-ol'o-ji, n. the science that treats o,' the structure and history of the earth, of the changes it has undergone, and their causes, and of the plants and animals imbedded in its crust. [Fr. geologic — Gr. ge, the earth, logos, a dis- course.] [mancy. Geomancer, je'o-man-ser, «. one skilled in geo- Geomancy, je'o-man-si, «., divination by figures or lines drawn on the earth. [Fr. geomancie — Gr. ge, the earth, and mantcia, divination.] GeomantiC, je-o-man'tik, adj. pertaining to geo- mancy. Geometer, je-om'e-ter. Geometrician, je-om'e- trish-yan, «. one skilled in geometry. Geometric, je-o-met'rik, Geometrical, je-o-met'- rik-al, adj. pertaining to geometry : according to or done by geometry. — adv. Geomet'rically. Geometry, je-om'e-tri, K. the science of measure- ment : that branch of mathematics which treats of magnitude and its relations. [Fr. — L. — Gr. geoinetria — geometreo, to measure land— ^f, the earth, metreo, to measure.] Geoponic, je-o-pon'ik, Geoponical, je-o-pon'ik-al, adj. pertaining to tilling the earth or to agricul- ture. [Fr. geoponique — Gr. geoponikos—ge, the earth, ponos, labour — penoinai, to labour.] Georama, je-o-ra'ma or je-o-ra'ma, n. a spherical chamber with a general vie7u of the earth on its inner surface. [Gr. ge, the earth, horatna, a view — horao, to see.] Georgian, jorj'i-an, adj. relating to the reigns of the four Georges, kings of Gre.it Britain. GeorgiC, jorj'ik, Georgical, jorj'ik-al, adj. relating to agriculture or rustic affairs. [L. georgicus, Gr. georgikos — georgia, agriculture — ge, the earth, and ers^on, a work.] Georgia, jorj'ik, «. a poem on husbatidry. Gerah, ge'ra, n. (B.) the smallest Hebrew weight and coin, ^ of a shekel, and worth about ijd. [Heb. gerah, a bean.] Geranium, je-ra'ni-um, n. a genus of plants with seed-vessels like a crane's bill, [L. — Gr. gera- nion — geranos, a crane.] Gerfalcon, jer'faw-kn, «. Same as Gyrfalcon. Germ, jerm, tt. rudimentary form of a living thing, whether a plant or animal : (J)ot.) the seed-bud of a plant : a shoot : that from which anything springs, the origin : a first principle. [Fr. germe — L. gerinen, a bud.] German, jer'man. Germane, jer-man', adj. of the first degree, as coiisins-gcrinan : closely allied. [Fr. — L. gerinanus, prob. for germin-anus — gerinen, bud, origin.] German, jer'man, «. a native of Germany: the German language. — pi. Ger'mans. — adj. of or from Germany. [L. Gennani, variously given as meaning ' the shouters,' from Celt, gairm, a loud cry; 'neighbours,'/.^, to the Gauls, from the Celtic; and 'the war-men,' from Ger. ivehr ^ Fr. guerre, war.] German-Silver, jer'man-sil'ver, n. an alloy of copper, nickel, and zinc, white like silver, and first made in Germany. Germen, jerm'en, tt. Same as Germ. Germinal, jerm'in-al, adj. pertaining to 2. germ. Germinant, jerm'in-ant, adj., sprouting : send- ing forth germs or buds. Germinate, jerm'in-at, v.i. to spring from a germ: to begin to grow. — n. Germlna'tion. [L. gennino, germinattis — germen.\ Gerund, jer'und, n. a part of the Latin verb ex- pressing the carryijig on of the action of the verb. — adj. Genind'lal. [L. gerundium^gero, to bear, to carry.] fate, far ; me, hdr ; mine ; mOte ; miite ; mSon ; /^en. 801 Gestation Qimlot Gestation, jes-tS'shun, «. the act of carrying the young in the womb : the state or condition in which the young is so carried. [Fr. — L. gestatio — gesto. gestatiiin, to carry — gero, to bear.] Gestatory, jcs'ta-tor-i, nJj. pertaining to gesta- tion or carrying : that may be carried. GestiC, jes'tik, adj. pertaining to bodily action or motion. Wj. gestiis — carriage, motion — gero.\ Gesticulate, je.s-tik'u-lat, v.i. to make gestures or motions when spe.iking : to play antic tricks. [L. gestiailor, gestictiiatus — gesiiculiis, dim. of gestus, a gesture — gero, to carry.] Gesticulation, jes-tik-u-la'shun, «. act of making gestures in speaking : a gesture : antic tricks. Gesticulator, jes-tik'u-lat-or, «. one who gesticu- l.atcs or makes gestures. Gestlculatory, jes-tik'u-la-tor-i, adj. representing or abijunding in gesticulations or gestures. Gesture, jes'tur, «. a bearing, position, or move- ment of the body : an action expressive of sen- timent or passion. [From fut.p. of L. gero, to carry.] Get, get, v.i. to obtain : to beget offspring : to learn: to persuade : (i>. ) to betake, to carry. — v.i. to arrive or put one's .self in any place, state, or condition: to become : — pr.p. gett'ing ; /^.i". sot; pa. p. got, [obs.) gott'en. — Get at, to reach : Get off, to escape : Get on, to proceed, ad- vance : Get over, to surmount : Get through, to finish: Get up, to arise, to ascend. [A.S. gitan, to gat ; allied to chad, root of Gr. clian- daiio, and lied, root of L. pre-hendo, to seize. ] Getter, get'er, n. one who gets or obtains. Getting, get'ing, «. a gaining : anything gained. Gewgaw, gu'gaw, «. a toy: a bauble. — adj. showy without value. [Ace. to Skeat, a redu- plicated form of A. S. gifan, to give ; preserved also in Northern E., ^.■i giff-gaff, interchange of intercourse.] __ [Ice. ^^j/jrt, to gush.] Geyser, gl'ser, «. a boiling spring, as in Iceland. Ghastly, gast'li, adj. deathlike : hideous. — n. Ghastliness. [A.S. gastlic. terrible, iromgaist, an e.xtended form of the base gais, and -lie {—like,-ly). See Aghast and Gaze.] Ghaut, gawt, ti. [in I?tdia) a mountain-pass : a chain of mountains : landing-stairs for bathers on the sides of a river or tank. [Hind, ghat, a passage or gatev/ay.] •Ghee, ge, «. clarified butter, made in India, esp. from buffaloes' milk. [The Indian name.] Gherkin, ger'kin, n. a small cucumber used for pickling. [Dut. agurkje, a gherkin ; a word of Eastern origin, as in Pers. khiyar.'\ Ghost, gost, n. (lit.) breath, spirit: the soul of man : a spirit appearing after death. — adj. Ghostlike.— To give up the ghost {B.), to die. [A.^. gast : Ger. geist.] ■ Ghostly, gost'K, adj., spiritual: religious: per- taining to apparitions. — n. Ghostliness. Ghoul, gool, n. a demon supposed to feed on the dead. [Pers. .^/W, a mountain demon.] Giant, jl'ant, «. a man of extraordinary size : a person of extraordinary powers. ^/^;«. Gi'anteSS. — adj. gigantic. [Fr. geant — L. gigas — Gr. gigas, gigantos, of which ety. uncertain.] Giaour, jowr, «. infidel, term applied by the Turks to all who are not of their own religion. [Pers. ga^vr.^ Gibberish, gib'er-ish, n. rapid, gabbling talk : un- meaning words. — adj. unmeaning. [Obsolete gibber, to gabble or jabber. See Gabble.] Gibbet, jib'et, n. a gallows : the projecting beam of a crane. — v.t. to expose on a gibbet, to exe- cute. iFr.gibet; origin unknown.] Gibbon, gib'un, «. a kind of tong-armed ape, native of the East Indies. Glbbose, gib-bos', adj., humped: having one or more elevations. [Kr. gibbeux — L. gibbosiis— gibbtis, a hump. J Gibbous, gib'us, adj., hntnp-backed : swelling, convex, as the moon when nearly full. — adz>. Gibb'ously.— «. Gibb'ousness. Gibe, jib, v.t. to sneer at: to taunt. — n. a scoff or taunt : contempt. — rt(/z/. Gib'ingly. [From Scand., as in Ice. geipa, to talk nonsense.] Giblets, jib'lets, n.pl. the internal eatable parts of a fowl, taken out before cooking it. — adj. Giblet, made of giblets. [O. Fr. gibelet : origin un- known ; not a dim. oi gibier, game.] Giddy, gid'i, adj. unsteady, dizzy : that causes j^iddiness : whirling : inconstant : thoughtless. —adv. Gidd'ily.— «. Gidd'iness. [A.s. gyd- diatt, to sing, be merry.] [See Gyrfalcon.] Gier-eagle, jer'-e'gl, «. (B.) a .species of eagle. Gift, gift, 71. a thing given : a bribe : a quality bestowed by nature : the act of giving. — v.t. to endow with any power or faculty. [See Give.] Gifted, gift'ed, adj. endowed by nature. Gig, gig, «. a light, two-wheeled carriage : a long, light boat. [Found ia Ice. gig ja, a. fiddle (Fr. gigue, a lively dance;, and properly meaning a ^tiling that moves lightly.'] Gigantic, jT-gan'tik, adj. suitable to a giant: enormous.— ij(^/c'. Gigan'tlcally. Giggle, gig'l, v.i. to laugh with short catches of the breath, or in a silly manner. — n. a laugh of this kind.— «. Gigg'ler. [From the sound.] GigOt, jig'ut, n. a leg of mutton. [Fr. — O. Fr. ^igiie, a leg ; a word of unknown origin. There is another ^2^/^, an old stringed instrument.] Gild, gild, v.t. to cover or overlay with gold: to cover with any gold-like substance : to adorn with lustre: — pr.p. gilding; pa.t. and pa. p. gild'ed or gilt. {h.'S:. gylda7i — gold. See Gold.] Gilder, gild'er, n. one whose trade is to gild or cover articles with a thin coating of gold. Gilding, gild'ing, n. act or trade of a gilder : gold laid on any surface for ornament. Gill, gil, «. [pl.\ the breathing organs in fishes and certain other aquatic animals : the flap below the bill of a fowl. [Scand., as in Dan. git^lle, a gill, Swed. gdl.\ Gill, jil, «. a measures J pint. [O. Fr. gelle; cf. Low L. gillo, a flask ; allied to Fr. jale, a large bowl, E. gallon. See Gallon.] Gill, jil, «. ground-ivy : beer flavoured with ground- ivy. [From Gillian or Juliana (from yulijis), a female name, contracted Gill, yUl.] Gillie, Gilly, gil'i, n. a youth, a man-servant. [Ga.e\. gille, a. lad, Ir. ceile. See Culdee.] Gillyflower, jil'i-flow-er, n. popular name for stock, wallflower, &c., so called from its clove- like smell. [Fr. girojt^e — Gr. karyophyllon, the clove-tree — karyon, a nut, phyllon, a leaf.] Gilt, gilt, adj. gilded.— rti^'. Gilt-edged, having gilded edges, as the leaves of a book. Gilt, ^xXt.pa.t. and pa.p. of Gild. Gimbals, gim'balz, n./f'l, tivo rings for suspending the mariner's compass so as to keep it always horizontal. [L. gemelli, twins.] Gimblet. Same as Gimlet. [Ety. dub.] Gimcrack, jim'krak, n. a toy : a trivial mechanism. Gimlet, gim'let, «. a small tool for boring holes by wimbling or turning it with the h,-and. — v.t. to pierce with a gimlet: {naut.) to turn round (an anchor) as if turning a gimlet, [Fr. gibelet, gimbelet, from a Tent, root, whence also E. Wimble.] 202 fate, far ; me, her \ mTne ; mOte ; mute ; mSOn ; Men. Gimp Oimp, gimp, n. a kind of trimming, &c. of silk, woollen, or cotton twist. [Fr. guimpe, from O. Ger. ■wiin/>al. a light robe ; E. wimple.] Gia. jin, n. Same as Geneva, of which it is a contraction. Gin, jin, «. the name of a variety of machines, esp. one with pulleys for raising weights, &c. : a pump worked bj' rotary sails: a trap or snare \B.). — 71. t. to trap or snare: to clear cotton of its seeds by a machine : — />r.p. ginn'ing ; pa.p. •^nned'. [Contr. from Engine ; but in the sense of snare, it is derived from Scand., Ice. ginna, to deceive.] Ginger, jin'jer, « the root of a plant in the E. and W. Indies, with a hot and spicy taste, so called I from being s/taped like a horn. [Old form in I yi.Yj. gingivere — O. ¥r. gingibrc — 1^. zingiber — Gr. ziugiberis — 'Si2.n~,.fringa-vera — (ringa, horn, z'era, shape.] [flavoured with ginger. Gingerbeer, jin'jer-ber, «. an effervescent drink Gingerbread, jin'jer-bred, n. sweet bread flavoured with ginger. Gingerly, jin'jer-li, adv. with soft steps : cau- tiously. [From a Scand. root, seen in Swed. ginglti, to totter.] Gingham, ging'ham, n. a kind of cotton cloth. [Fr. guiugan, ace. to Littre, a corr. of Giiin- gamp, a town in Brittany, wliere such stuffs are made.] Gingle, jingl. Same as Jingle. Gipsy, Gypsey, Gypsy, jip'si, «. one of a wander- ing race, originally from India, now scattered over Europe : a reproachful name for one with a dark complexion : a sly, tricking v/oman. [Lit. Egyptian, because supposed to come from Egypt, M. E. Gyptian.] Giraffe, ji-raf or zhi-raf, n. the camelopard, an African quadruped with remarkably long neck and legs. [Fr. — Sp. girafa — Ar. zaraf.] Gird, gerd, v.t. to bind round: to make fast by binding: to surround: to clothe :— /a. if. and pa.p. girded or girt. [A.S. gyrdan : akin to Ger. giirten ; from a root gard, whence also E. Garden and Yard] Girder, gerd'er, «. one who or that which girds : one of the principal pieces of timber in a floor binding the others together: (engineering) any simple or compound beam sustaining a weight, and supported at both ends. Girdle, gerd'l, «. that which girds or encircles, esp. a band for the waist: an inclosure : (jew.) a horizontal line surrounding a stone. — v.t. to bind, as with a girdle : to inclose : to make a circular incision, as through the bark of a tree to kill it. [A.S. gyrdel— gyrdan, to gird.] Girl, gerl, K. a female child : a young woman. [Prob. from O. Ger. gor, a child, with suffix -/ r=-to.] Girlhood, gerl'hood, n. the state of being a girl. Girlish, gerl'ish, adj. of or like a girl. — adv. Girlishly — «. Girl'ishness. Girt, gert. Girth, gerM, «. belly-band of a saddle : measure round the waist. Girt, gert, v.t. 10 gird. Gist, jist, n. the main point or pith of a matter. [The word in this sense comes from an old French proverb, ' I know where the hare lies ' (O. Fr. gist, Fr. gtt], i.e. I know the main point — Fr. gesir, to lie— L. jacere.\ Give, giv, v.t. to bestow : to impart : to yield : to grant : to permit : to afford : to furnish : to pay or render, as thanks : to pronounce, as a decision : to shew, as a result : to apply, as one's self: to allow or admit. — v.i. to yield to pressure : to Glandered begin to melt : to grow soft '.—pn-.p. giv'ing ; pa.t. gave ; p>a.p. given (giv'n). — Give chase, to pur- sue : Give forth, to emit, to publish : Give in, to yield : Give out, to report, to emit t Give over, to cease : Give place, to give way, to yield : Give up, to abandon. [A.S. gi/an ; Ger. gebcn, Goth, giban, from a Teut. root gab, to give.] _ Giver, giv'er, n. one who gives or bestows. Gizzard, giz'ard, n. the muscular stomach of a fowl or bird. [M. E. giser, Fr. g^sier — L. gigeriunt, used only in pi. gigeria, the cooked entrails of poultry.] GlabrotlS, gla'brus, adj., stnooth : having no hairs or any unevenness. [L. glaber, smooth ; akin to glubo, to peel, Gr. glapho, to carve.] Glacial, gla'shi-al, adj., icy: frozen : pertaining to ice or its action, esp. to glaciers. [Fr. — L. glacialis — glacies, ice. ] Glacier, gla'sher or glas'i-er, n. a field or, more properly, a slowly moving river of ice, such as is found in the hollows and on the slopes of lofty mountains. [Fr. — glace, ice — Ij. glacies, ice.] Glacis, glasis or gla-ses', n. a gentle slope : (fort.) a smooth sloping bank. [Fr. — O. Fr. glacier, to slide — glace, ice.] Glad, gild, aiij. pleased : cheerful : bright : giving pleasure. — v.i. to make glad :—p>:p. gladd'ing ; pa.p. gladd'ed. — adv. Gladly.— «. Glad'uess. [A.S. gleed ; Ger. glatt, smooth. Ice. glathr, bright, Dan. glad: the root meant 'shining,' and is found also in Glade.] [animate. Gladden, glad'n, v.t. to make glad : to cheer: to Glade, glad, n. an open space in a wood. [Scand., as in Norw. glette, a clear spot among clouds, Ice. glita, to shine, glatkr, bright ; the original sense being, a ' bright opening." See Glad,.] Gladiate, glad'i-at, adj., swo-rd-sliaped, [L. gladiHs, a sword,] * Gladiator, glad'i-a-tor, n. in ancient Rome, a professional combatant with men or beasts in the arena. [L. (lit.) a szuordsman — gladitis, a sword.] Gladiatorial, glad-i-a-toi^-al, Gla^dlatory, glad'- i-a-tor-!,. adj. relating to gladiators or prize- fighting. Gladiole, glad'i-ol. Gladiolus, gla-di'o-lus, «, the plant sword-lily. [L. gladiolus, dim. oi gladitis.] Gladsome, glad'sum, adj., glad: joyous: gay. — adv. Glad'somely.— «. Glad'someness. Glair, glar, «. the clear part of an egg used as varnish : any viscous, transparent substance, — v.t. to varnish with white of egg. — adjs. Glair'y, Glar'eous. [Fr. glaire—'Lowf L. clara ovi, white of egg — L. clants, clear. See Clear.] Glaive, glav, «. Same as Glave. Glamour, glam'er, n. the supposed influence of a charm on the eyes, making them see things as fairer than they are. [Scotch ; Ice. glatn, dimness of sight.] Glance, glans, n. a sudden shoot of light : a dart- ing of the eye : a momentary view. — v.i. to dart a ray of light or splendour : to snatch a moment- ary view : to fly off obliquely : to make a pass- ing allusion, — v.t. to dart suddenly or obliquely. — adv. Glanc'ingly. [From a Teut. root found in Swed. glans, Dut. glans, Ger. gla7iz, lustre, and allied to'obs. E. glint, E. glitter, glass.] Gland, gland, «. a fleshy organ of the body which secretes some substance from the blood : (boi.) a small cellular spot which secretes oil or aroma. [Fr, glatide — L. glans, glandis, au acorn ; from the likeness of shape to an acorn.] Glandered, gland'erd, adj. affected with glanders. fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote : mute ; moon ; tlK.u- aog Glanders Q-loom Ulauden, gland'erz, «. [in horses) a disease of the glaiuls of the lower jaw and of the mucous membrane. Glandiferous, gland-ifer-us, adj., bearing acorns or nuts. [L. gtandi/cr — gians, glandis, and fcro, to bear.] Glandiform, gland'i-form, adj. resembling a gliDiJ : nut-shaped. \V,. g'ans, andy<)r;«ai)it.) semi-transparent colours put thinly over others to modify the effect. Gleam, glem, v.i. to glozv or shine : to flash. — n. a small stream of light : a beam : brightness. [A.S. ^/«;«, gleam, brightness; akin to Glass, Glow.] Gleamy, glem'i, adj. casting beams or rays of light. Glean, glen, 71. t. to gather in handficls the corn left by the reapers : to collect what is thinly scattered. — v.i. to gather after a reaper. — ti. that which is gleaned : the act of gleaning. — ns. Glean'er, Gleaning. [O. I"r. glener (Fr. glaner), through Low L. forms, from A. S. gelm, a handful.] Glebe, gleb, n. the land belonging to a parish church or ecclesiastical benefice : [mining) a piece of earth containing ore. [Fr. — L. ^leba, a clod, .soil. Cf. Globe. J Glebous, glgb'us, Gleby, gleb'i, adj., cloddy, turfy. [L. glebosus — gleba.] Glede, gled, «. (B.) the common kite, a rapacious bird. [A.S. glida, ' the glider,' akin to glidan, to glide.] Glee, gle, n. joy: mirth and gaiety: (imts.) a song or catch in parts. [A.S. gleo, mirth, song ; Ice. gly.} Gleeftil, gle'fool, adj. merry. Gleeman, gle'man, «. a mmstrel. [See Glee.] Gleet, glet, «. a glairy discliarge from a mucous surface. — adj. Gleet 'y. [From root of GMe.] Glen, glen, n. a narrow valley worn by a river : a depression between hills. [Celt., as in Gael. and Ir. glean n, W. giyn.] Glib, glib, adj. moving easily : voluble. — adv. Glib'ly.— 7i. Glib'ness. [A contr. of Dut. glibberig, slippery. ] Glide, gild, v.i. to slide smoothly and easily : to flow gently : to pass rapidly. — n. act of gliding. — adv. Glid'ingly. [A.S. glidan, to slip, to slide ; Ger. gieiten, to move smoothly, closely akin to Glad.] Glimmer, glim'er, v.i. to burn or appear faintly. — «. a faint light : feeble rays of light : {inin.) mica. [From a Teut. root, found in Dan. and Ger. glimmer, of which the base is seen in Gleam.] Glimmering, glim'er-ing, n. Same as Glimmer, n. Glimpse, glimps, n. a short gleam : a weak light : transient lustre : a hurried view : fleeting enjoy- ment : the e.\hibition of a faint resemblance. — zi.i. to appear by glimpses. [M. E. glimsen, to glimpse — glim. See Glimmer.] Glisten, glis'n. Glister, glis'ter, v.i. to glitter or sparkle with light : to shine. [From ha.ss glis-, to shine, with excrescent -/; cf. Dut. gtinsteren. See Gutter.] Glitter, glit'er, v.i. to glisten, to sparkle with light : to be splendid : to be showy. — «. lustre : brilliancy. [Scand., as in Ice. glitra, to glisten. Ice. glit, glitter ; closely akin to Glisten, Glister, &c.] Glittering, glit'er-ing, adj., shining: splendid; brilliant.— rt^fo. Glitt'eringly. Gloaming, glom'ing, «. twilight, dusk. [A.S, glomiiug, Scot, gloatnin, akin to Gloom.] Gloat, glot, v.i. to look eagerly, in a bad sense : to view with joy. [Scand., as in Ice. glotta, to grin.] Globate, glOb'at, adj. like a globe : circular. [L. globo, globatiis, to form into a \>aW.—globits.\ Globe, glob, n. a ball: a round body, a sphere : the earth : a sphere representing the earth (ter- restrial globe) or the heavens (celestial globe). [Fr. — L. globus : akin to gleba, a clod.] Globose, glob-os', GlObOUS, glob'us, adj. globular. —n. Globo'sity. Globular, glob'u-lar, GlobulOUS, glob'iVlus, adj. like a globe: spherical.— otifz/. Glob'Ularly. — n. Globular'ity. * Globule, glob'ul, n. a little globe or round particle. Glome, glom, n. [bot.) a globular head of flowers. [L. glomzis := globus, and conn, with Clump, Lump.] Glomerate, glomer-at, v.i. to gather into a ball : to collect into a spherical mass. — adj growing in rounded or massive forms: conglomerate. [L. glome'o, -atiis — glotnus, glomeris, a clue of yarn.] Glomeration, glom-er-a'shun, n. act of gathering into a ball: a body formed into a ball. Gloom, gl(3om, n. partial darkness : cloudiness : heaviness of mind, sadness : hopelessness : sul- 204 fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mOte ; miite ; mOQa ; /^n. Gloomy enness. — v.i. to be sullen or dejected: to be cloudy or obscure. [A.S. gloni, gloom; Prov. GcT. ginmm^ gloomy, E. Gill TO.] Gloomy, gloSm'i, adj. dim or obscure : dimly lighted : sad, melancholy. — adv. Gloom'ily. — n. Gloom'lness. Glorify, glu'ri-fl, v.t. to make glorioles: to honour : to e.xalt to glory or happiness : to ascribe honour to, to worship: — pa.f. glo'rified. — ti. Glorifica- tion. Wj- gioria, 3.-nA/acio, to make.] Glorious, glo'ri-us, adj. noble, splendid : confer- ring renown.— «(/!'. GlO'riOUSly.— «. GlO'riOUS- ness. [L. glor!osi4S.'\ Glory, glo'ri, «. renown : honour : the occasion of praise : an object of pride : excellency : splen- dour : brightness : circle of rays surrounding the head of a saint: {B.) the presence of God: the manifestation of God to the blessed in heaven : heaven. — v.i. to boast : to be proud of anything: to exult : — /'a.p. glo Vied. [Fr. — L. gloria (for cloria), akin to claries, from root of L. clu-eo, Gr. klu-o, to be famed ; E. Loud.] Gloss, glos, n., brightness or lustre, as from a polished surface : external show. — v.t. to give a superficial lustre to : to render plausible : to palliate. [Ice. glossi, brightness, gloa, to glow. See Glass.] Gloss, glos, n. a remark to explain a subject : a comment. — v.i. to comment or make explanatory remarks. [L. glossa, a word requiring explana- tion — Gr. glossa, the tongue.] Glossarial, glos-a'ri-al, adj. relating to a glossary : containing explanation. Glossarist, glos'ar-ist, n. a writer of a glossary. Glossary, glos'ar-i, «. a vocabulary of words requir- ing special explanation. [From Gr. glossa.] Glossator, glos-a'tor, n. a writer of glosses or comments : a commentator. GlOSSOgraphy, glos-ograf-i, «. the writing of glossaries or comments. — n. GlOSSOg'rapher. — adj. Glossogl'aph'ical. \Gx. glossa, ^sAgrapho, to write.] Glossology, glos-ol'o-ji, n. the science of language : the knowledge of the definition of technical terms. — «. Glossol'ogist. —««>'. Glossolog'icaL [Gr. glossa, and logos, a discourse.] Glossy, glos'i, adj. smooth and shining: highly polished.— (?(/j'. Gloss'ily. — «. Gloss'iness. Glottis, giot'is, «. the opening of the larynx or entrance to the windpipe.— Oilj. Glott'aL [Gr. glottis — glossa, the tongue.] Glottology, glot-ol'o-ji, n. the science of language, comparative philology. [Gr. glotta, Attic for glossa, and logos, a discourse.] Glove, gluv, «. a cover for the hand, with a sheath for each finger. — v.t. to cover with or as with a glove. [A.S. glo_f {=1 ge-lof) ; allied to Scot. loof. Ice. lofi, palm of the hand.] Glover, gluv'er, 11. one who makes or sells gloves. Glow, glo, v.i. to shine with an intense heat : to feel great heat of body : to be flushed : to feel the heat of passion : to be ardent. — n. shining or white heat : unusual warmth : brightness of colour: vehemence of passion. [A.S. glozuan, to glow, as a fire ; Ger. gluhen. Ice. gloa, to glow. ] Glow-worm, glo'-wurm, «. the female of a certain insect, which glows or shines in the dark. Gloze, glOz, v.i. to give a false meaning to: to flatter : to wheedle.— i/./. to palliate by specious explanation. [M. E. glosen, to make glosses, from M. ^. glose, a gloss. See Gloss. a remark.] Glucose, gloS-kos', n. the peculiar kind o( sugar in the juice of fruits. [Gr. glykys, sweet.] Gnaw Glue, gloS, n. a sticky substance obtained by boil- ing to a jelly the skins, hoofs, &c. of animals. — v.t. to join with glue .—pr.p. glu ing : pa.p. glued'. [Fr. glu — Low L. gliis, glut is — glito, to draw together. ] [— w. Glu'eyness. Gluey, gloo'i, adj. containing glue : sticky : viscous. Glum, glum, adj. frowning : sullen : gloomy. [From root of Gloom.] Glume, glo5m, n. the kitsk or floral covering of grain and grasses. — adj. Gluma'ceous. [L. gliima, husk — glubo, to peel off bark.] Glut, glut, z'.t. to swallow greedily: to feast to satiety : to supply in excess i—pr.p. glutt'ing ; pa.p. glutt'ed. — n. that which is gorged : more than enough : anything that obstructs the pas- sage. [L. glutio — root gill, akin to Sans, gri, to devour, and L. gula, and gurgiilio, the throat : from the sound of swallowing.] Gluten, gloo'ten, n. the viscid, sticky substance seen in the dough of wheaten bread. [L. gluten, the same as glus. See Glue.] Glutinate, glOo'tin-at, v.t. to unite, as with glue. — n. Glutina'tion. [L. glutino, glutinatum — glut en. \ Glutinativs, gloo'tin-a-tiv, adj. having the quality of gluing ox cementing: tenacious. Glutinous, gloo'tin-us, adj., gluey: tenacious: [hot.) covered, as a leaf, with slimy moisture. — «. Glu'tinousness. Glutton, glut'n, n. one who eats to excess : a carnivorous quadruped in northern regions, once thought very voracious. [Fr. gioiitoit — L. glitto, from L. root of Glut.] [glutton, Gluttonise, glut'n-Iz, v.i. to eat to excess, like a Gluttonous, glut'n-us, GlUttonish, glut'n-ish, adj. given to, or consisting in gluttony. — adi>. Glutt'onously. Gluttony, glut'n-i, n. excess in eating. Glycerine, glis'er-in, «. a colourless, viscid liquid of a sweet taste. [Fr. — Gr. glykeros = glykys, sweet.] Glyph, glif, 7t. [arch.) an ornamental sunken channel or fluting, usually vertical. [Gr. glypM — gh'P^'-^'< to hollow out, carve.] Glyphography, glif-og'raf-i, «. a process of taking a raised copy of a drawing by electrotype. — adj. GlyphographlC. [Gr. glypho, to carve, engrave, and graphs, drawing — grapho, to write.] Glyptic, glip'tik, adj. pertaining to carz'ing on stone, &c. : [mill.) figured. — Glyp'tiCS, n.sing. the art of engraving, esp. on precious stones. Glyptodon, glip'tod-on, n. a fossil animal of S. America with fluted teeth. [Gr. glyptos, carved, and odous, odontos, tooth.] Glyptography, glip-tog'raf-i, n. a description of the art of engraving on precious stones. — adj. Glyptograph'ic. [Gr. glyptos, carved, and grapho, to write.] Guar, nar, v.i. to snarl or growl. [From a Teut. root found in Ger. knurren, Dan. knurre, to growl ; formed from the scund.] Gnarl, narl, v.i. to snarl or growl. [Freq. of Gnar.] Gnarl, narl, n. a twisted knot in wood. — adj. Gnarled, knotty, twisted. [From a Teut. root, as in Ger. knorren, Dan. knort, a knot, gnarl, and prob. akin to gnarl in the sense of pressing close together.] Gnash, nash, v.t. to strike the teeth together in rage or pain. — v.i. to grind the teeth. [From the sound.] [irritating bite. [K.'a. gncet.] Gnat, nat, n. a small winged insect with an Gnaw, naw, v.t. to bite so as to make a noise with the teeth : to bite off by degrees : to bite in agony or rage : [fig. ) to torment. — v.i. to use fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote -, mute ; m53n ; Men, 205 Gneiss the teeth in biting. [A.S. giiagan ; cf. E>ut. ktiagen. Ice. nng-a, Prov. E. nag; to tease, worry.] Gneiss, nis, «. [geol.) a species of stratified rock composed of quartz, felspar, and niica. [Ger. giii-iss, a name used by the Sa.\on miners, of unknown origin.] Gnelssoid, nls'oid, tuij. having some of the char- a, tt-rs of gneiss. [GnoiSS, and Gr. eidos. form.] Gnome, nOm, «. a sententious saynig. — adj. Gnomic. [Gr. gnome, an opinion — gtionai, gigndsko, to Itnow.J Gnome, nom, «. a kind of sprite, said to preside over the inner parts of the earth and its treasures : a dwarf or goblin. [Fr.— a word traced by Littre to Paracelsus, and perh. formed from Gr. g7wvie, intelligence, because it was supposed these spirits could reveal the treasures of the earth.] Gnomon, nO'mon, «. the pin of a dial, whose shadow points to the hour : the index of the hour-circle of a globe : (geotn.) a parallelogram minus one of the parallelograms about its diagonal. [Gr. gnomon, an interpreter — giwnai, to know.] GnomonlC, no-mon'ik, Gnomonical, n5-mon'ik-al, atlj. pertaining to the art of dialling. — adv. Gnomon'ically.— «..y/«^. Gnomon'ics, the art of dialling;. Gnostic, nos'tik, n. one of a sect in the beginning of the Christian era who pretended that they alone had a true knowiedge of religion. — adj. per- taining to the Gnostics or their doctrines. [Gr. gnosiikos, good at knowing — gigHosko, to know.] Gnosticism, nos'ti-sizm, n. the doctrines of the Gnostics. Gnu, nu, n. a kind of antelope in S. Africa, re- sembling the horse and ox. [Hottentot, gnu.] Go, go, z'.i. to pass from one place to another : to be in motion : to proceed : to walk : to depart from : to lead in any direction : to extend : to tend : to be about to do : to pass in report : to pass, as in payment : to be accounted in value : to happen in a particular way ; to turn out : to fare : — pf-p- go'ing ; pa.t. went ; pa.p. gone (gon).— Go about [B.), to set one's self about : to seek: to endeavour. — Go beyond [B.], to overreach.^ — Go to, i7it. {B.) come now ! [A.S. gan, gangan ; Ger. ge/ien, Dan. gaa.] Goad, god, n. a sharp-pointed stick, often shod with iron, for driving oxen : a stimulus. — v.t. to drive with a goad : to urge forward. [A.^.gad, a goad.] Goal, gol, «. a mark set up to bound a race : the winning-post ; also the starting-post : the two upright posts between which the ball is kicked in the game of football : an end or aim. [Fr. gaiile, a pole ; prob. of Teut. origin, as Fris. wain, a staff, Goth, walus ; but ace. to Littre from L. valltts, a stake.] Goat, got, n. the well-known quadruped, allied to the sheep. [A.S. gat; Ger. geiss — obs. and prov. Ger. geissen =-geiien, to go ; like Gr. ai.v, a go.it — a'tsso, to leap: akin to L. fuEdjts.] Goatmotll, gSt'moth, n. one of the largest of British tnotlis, which has a goatlike odour. Goat's'-beard, -herd, Goat's'-rue, -roo, Goat's'- Stones, -stonz, Goat's'-thom, -thorn, «. names of plants. Goatsucker, gOt'suk-er, n. a kind of swallow erroneously thought to suck goats. Go-between, go'-be-twen', n. one who is agent between two parties. Gobbet, gob'et, K. a inonthful: a little lump [Fr. ^icli with ^Wo'-coloui ed wings. Goldfish, gOld'fish, «. a small i^i;/eU, story, and so a translation of Gr. eu-anggelion, good news ; but more prob. from god, God, and spell, a narrative, God-story ; so also the Ice. is giith- spjall, God-story, and not gOth-spjall, good- story ; and the O. Ger. was got (God) -spel, not giiot 'good) -spel.] Gossamer, gos'a-mer, n. very fine spider-threads which float in the air or form webs on bushes in fine weather. [M. E. gossniner, perh. formed fromgoda.ndsuii/mer — M. E. sai/iare — Romance savtarra, the skirt of a mantua, from the legend that it is the shreds of the Virgin Mary's shroud which she cast away when she was taken up to heaven ; Skeat thinks it is formed of goose and summer, of which summer may (as in Ger. mddche7t-sommer) mean 'summer-film.'] Gossip, gos'ip, n. a familiar acquaintance : one who runs about telling and hearing news : idle talk.— 57.2. to run about telling idle tales: to talk much: to chat.— «. Goss'ipry. —«i. Graft'er. [Orig. Graff— O. Fr. graji (Fr. grej^e)-L. grapAiui7i, a style or pencil (which the inserted slip resembled) — Gr. grapho, to write.] frail. See Gradual. trail, gral, «. {in 7>!edieval lege/id) the Holy Cup in which Christ celebrated the Lord's Supper. [Orig. the San Great, ' Holy Dish ' (not Sang Real, ' Holy Blood '), in which it is said Joseph of Arimathea collected our Lord's blood ; from O. Fr. graal or great, a flat dish — Low L. gradate, prob. a corr. of cratella, dim. of crater, a bowl. Cf. Crater.] Grain, gran, «. a single small hard seed ; (col- lectively) the seeds of certain plants which form the chief food of man : a minute particle : a very small quantity : the smallest British weight : the arrangement of the particles or fibres of any- thing, as stone or wood ; te.xture : the dye made from cochineal insects, which, in the prepared state, resembles ^^a2>w of seed : hence to Dye in Grandsire grain is to dye deeply, also, to dye in the wool. — v.t. to paint in imitation of wood. [Fr. — L. gra/iuin, seed, which is akin to E. Com.] Grained, grand, adj. rough, as if covered with grains. [the graiti of wood. Grainer, gran'er, n. one who paints in imitation of Grallatorial, gral-a-tOr'i-al. Grallatory, gral'a- tor-i, adj. of or relating to the grallatores or wading birds, as the crane, stork, &c. [L. grallator, one walking on stilts — gratlee, stilts, I contr. of gradulce, dim. of gradus, a step — ] gradior, to step.] I Gram, Gramme, gram, «. a French unit of weight, equal to 15-432 English grains. [Gr. gra77i77ia, a letter, a small weight.] Gramineal, gra-min'e-al. Gramineous, gra-min'e- us, «(/;'. like or pertaining to ^r«jj; grassy. [L. gratiiineus — gra7ne7i, -i7iis, grass. See Grass.] GraminifoliOUS, gram-in-i-fo'li-us, adj. bearing leaves. [L. grame7i, andyhlium, a leaf.] Graminivorous, gram-in-iv'o-ms, adj., /eedi7ig or subsisting on grass and herbs. [L. grniiie?t, grajiiinis, grass, and voro, to eat greedily.] Grammar,, gram'ar, «. the science of the right use of language: a book which teaches grammar: any elementary work. [Fr. gra7n)naire : from Low L. graji!7na, a letter, with the termination -ariics — Gr. gramma, a letter — grapho, to write.] Grammarian, gram-ma'ri-an, 71. one versed in, or who teaches ^nj:;««/-and — h. gra7idis, great.] Grandam, gran'dam, 71. an old dame or woman : a grandmother. [Grand and Dam, a mother.] Grandee, gran-de', «. a Spanish nobleman of the first i-aiih: a man of high rank or station. — «. Grandee'ship. [Sp.— L. grandis, great.] Grandeur, grand'Or, «. vastness : splendour of appearance : loftiness of thought or deportment. [Fr., horn grand, great. See Grand.] Grandiloquent, gran-dil'o-kwent, adj. speaking ^randlv or bombastically : pompous.— at/z/. Grandii'oquently.— «. Grandiloquence. [L. grandis, and toquor, to speak.] Grand-master, grand'-mas-ter, n. title of the head of the religious orders of knighthood (Hospital- lers, Templars, and Teutonic Knights) : the head, for the time being, of the Freemasons. Grandsire, grand'slr, «. a grandfather : any ancestor. [See Grand.] fate, far ; m£, her : mine ; mOte ; mute ; mi5Cn ; tlitxs.. 209 Grange Grange, gr5nj,«. a farmhouse with its stables a..ci other bmld.ngs. [Fr. grange, birn-Low 1^. gyniiea — U.gritnum, grain.] Granite, i;ran'it, H. au igneous crystalline rock, composed of ^/-«.,„ of quartz, feldspar, and ^^anr xt ^ "^^-l"'^' ^™>''^'^' °^ reddish colour. [It. grantia. granite, grained-L. Gl^^mf;.Z '^' ■"^■^; pertaining to. consisting GraDitiform gran-u'.-form. Granitoid, gran'i^ toK . ,„0. of the>r;« of or resembling j-^i, Gramvorous, gran-iv-or-us, «./y., eaif4grat»: feeding on seeds. [L. granum, and ?^<^;;?, to eat.] Grant, grant, 71. t. to bestow or give over : to jrive possession of: to admit as true what is not vet proved : to concede. {M. E. graun^eu, grault ; U. I'r. ^aanter, craanier. creauier, to pro- mise as if from a Low L. credento-h. credo to believe.] ' Grant grant, 71. a bestowing : something bestowed an allowance : a gift : a transfer or conveyance by deed or writing. Gra,ntee, grant-e', «. the person to whom a. grant gift, or conveyance is made. Grantor, grant'or, n. the person by whom a^ra^w- or conveyance is made & "■ Granular, gran'a-lar, Granulary, gran'o-lar-i iarly °"^'"'"^ "^ °^ Hke ^r„ or pa : Grape, grap, «. the fruit of the vine : a man-y vTTr.T, '^" '^' of horses: grapeshot [5^ \^-sype, a cluster of grapes, which came in fn.it L I ^'■"P'^^'y ™r"' ^ hook, then clustered GrC;^ - '°"'-''"^''''^'' '°> ^ ^'^"^ (Brachet).] grotT ^''P'"' ''• ^ P'^" ^^^^'^ ^-^i*" are Grapeshot, grap'shot, «., shot or small iron balls cl^^tered or piled on circular plates round an «rI?.>,Fi"' ^"d which scatter on being fired. Grapluc, grafik. Graphical, graf'ik al, adj. per- taining to writing, describing, or ddineatint • picturesquely described.-^rfz.. Graph'ically GJanh??^''^"'/"^''- ^''^:'"'^''^"--?^«.^^'^.'° write i WackL^rf '/'• K^ '"'"\^^'' commonly called blacklead or plumbago (though containing no ^ap/ilT '" "'^'''"^ P'""'"- t^^- Grapnel, grap'nel, n. a small anchor with several claws or arms : a grappling-iron. [Fr. grafipin ■ O. i'r. grapptl; from root of Grapple ] Grapple grap'l, v.t. to gripe or seize : to lay fast hold of.— z/.z. to contend in close fight. [Dim. of Grab.] Grappling-iron, grapaing-I'um, «. a large grapnel lormerly used for seizing hostile ships in naval engagements, ^rapy, grap'i, adj. made of or like grapes. Grasp, grasp, v.t. to seize and hold by clasping with the fingers or arms : to catch at.— z/.z. to endeavour to seize : to catch (followed by at) — n. gripe of the hand : reach of the arms : power Grave See 210 late, far; me. her.; mine; motc; mute; miSOn; Men. of seizure. [M. E. grasien = grafsen Grope and Grapple.] grapsen. Grass, gras, n. common herbage: an order of plants with long, narrow leave.s, and tubular stem, including wheat, rye, oats, &c.— z/ ^ to cover with grass [A.S. g^rs, grces ; Ice.! ?.:^; Fnd •i.S """'• ^'"'- ^■•°'^- ^"■^'1 '° Grasshopper, gras'hop-er, n. ^.koppingms^ct that feeds on grass, allied to the locust. Grassv i'.-^i'"'"'"?'"'' "' ^^^"^.o''^'-'^".)' ground. urassy, gras i, adj. covered with or resembliiiu grass: green.— «. Grass'iness. Grate, grat, «. a framework composed of bars with interstices, esp. one of iron bars for hol^ l"ri''°^ n'"'f ^■"'■"''IS- [L°^ L. grata, a iet'crat^t' '""'"-^--L. crates, a hurdle. Grate grat, v.t to rub hard or wear away with anything rough : to make a harsh sound : to irri- tate or ortend. [¥r.gratter: through Low L Iki'n t^s'l^^^iT '^^^- ""'''''' " -^^'=^: OrtJ^^S4^|3^|--4-^^ able: delightful: thankful: having a due sense j^9^^ f^'"^"- <*rate'fully.-«. Grato'ful- ^ Sfui, i^nd T'u^'%7k.i;T' "'^^^'°^' Giater, grat'er, n. an instrument with a roueh r^^ll^''li°'' ^'''^''"^.°'' rubbing down a body. Gratification, grat-i-fi-ka'shun, «. a pleasing or indulging : that which gratifies : delight [L grati/icatio.] ^ •■ " Gratify, grat'i-fl, v.t. to do what is agreeable to .to please : to soothe: to indulge :-/«.;> gratified.--^ Grat'ifier. [¥r.-l.. gfati/cort grat us, andjdcio, to make.] Grating, grating, « the iars of a i^«/^ .- a par- tition or frame of bars. *^ ^^n^'^.^i,^''!'''"^''"'^^;- '■"'^•'■"S '^^rd on thefeel- Pvifi'L' -?• = irritating.— a,/z/. Gratingly. GiatlS gratis, adv. for nothing: without pay- mcnt or recompense. [L. contr. of gra^its ablative//. o{ gratia, hvour-gratus.] ^ ' Gratitude, grat^-tud, n. warm and friendly feel- mg towards a benefactor: thankfulness. [Fr - Low L. gratitiido.] Gratuitous, gra-tu'i-tus, adj., done or given gratis or for nothing: voluntary: wifhou" reason, ground, or proof. -aafz-. Gratuitously [L. gratuitus—gratiis.] ^'^"'■J- iS^A^^T'"''"-'' "• ^ P'"^^^"'-- an acknow. iedgment of service, generally pecuniary. [Fr -l^owh^gratuitas-L.gratii/:] ^ rl^l^^}^' srat'u-lat, v.t. to Congi'atulate. Gr^taiator^' sr^tjp-l^'shun, n. Congratulation. gII^-^^^' er^l^-la-tot-i. ,,.//. Congratulatoiy. fZnZ^} grav-a'men, n. grievance: substantial ground of complaint or accusation. [L.~gravis, ^^tTn^e^''^''' "■'■ '° '^^^ ""^ '''^'' °" a hard sub- stance to engrave.-z/.z. to engrave :-A8./ graved or grav'en.-«. a pit graved or dug out. esp one in which to bury the dead: any place of burial : {_^g ) death : destruction. [A S.^a- fan ; cog. with Dut. graven (whence F:: graver] Ger. ^ra^^«, Goth, graian; Gr. grip/io, to ditdT] ''" ' •^^"■'^^'''^' 'o wite, fcrols, a Grave, grav, v.t. to smear with graves or greaves rSeTGi^lvlf'^"' ^°^'°' ^^- '-"^'i ^<^S<=ther: Grave, gray, adj (_^g.) weighty: of importance ; Gravel serious: not gay: sober: solemn: (jtius.) not acute ; \ow.—adv. Gravely.— «. Grave'ness. [Fr. — L. gravis ; Sans.^«r«.] Gravel, grav'el, «. small stones often intermixed with sand : small collections of gravelly matter in the kidneys nr bladder. — v./. to cover with gravel : to puzzle :—pr.p. grav'elling ; pa.p. grav'elled.— rt(j>'. Grav'elly. [O. Fr. gravelle— Fr. greve or grave, a sandy shore ; prob. Celt., as in Bret, grotian, sand, W. gro, pebbles.] Graver, grili/er, «. an engraver: a tool for engraving on hard substances. Graves. Same as Greaves, tallow-drippings. Gravid, grav'id, adj., Iieavy, esp. as being with child : pregnant. [L. gravidas — gravis, heavy.] Graving, graving, n. act oi graving or cutting out on hard substances : that which is graved or cut out : carved-work : act of cleaning a ship's bottom. — «. Grav'ing-dock, a dock into which ships are taken to be graved. Gravitate, grav'i-tat, v.i. to be acted on by gravity : to tend towards the earth. [From L. gravis, heavy.] Gravitation, grav-i-ta'shun, n. act of gravitating : the tendency of all bodies to attract each other. Gravity, grav'i-ti, «. weightiness : the tendency of matter to attract and be attracted, thus caus- ing weight : state of being grave or sober : relative importance: [fnus.] lowness of a note. [Fr. gravite — L. gravitas — gravis, heavy.] Gravy, grfiv'i, «. the juices from meat while cook- ing. [Prob. orig. an adj. formed from Greaves, the dregs of tallow.] Gray, gra, adj. of a white colour mi.\ed with black : ash-coloured : (fig. ) aged. — «. a gray colour : an animal of a grayish colour, as a horse, &c. — «. Gray'ness. [A.S. graeg; allied to Ger. gran, and L. ravus, tawny.] Graybeard, gra'berd, n. one with a gray beard, hence, an old man : a coarse earthenware vessel for holding liquors. Grayisll, gra'ish, adj. somewhat gray. Grayling, gra'ling, n. a silvery gray fish of the salmon family, but with a smaller mouth and teeth, and larger scales. Graystone, gra'ston, «. a grayish or greenish vol- canic rock allied to basalt. Graywacke, grawak-e, «. a kind of sandstone, consisting of rounded pebbles and sand firmly united together. [Ger. grauiuacke — grau, gray, and Wacke.] Graze, graz, v.t. to eat or feed on grass : to feed with grass. — v.i. to eat grass : to supply grass. [From Grass.] Graze, graz, v. t. to pass lightly along the surface. — «. Graz'er, an animal which grazes. [Ety. dub. ; perh. only a special use of Graze above ; perh. coined from 7-ase (Fr. raser), the form of the word being modified by confusing it with graze (the above word). See Rase.] Grazier, gra'zher, n. one who grazes or pastures cattle and rears them for the market. [For g-raz-er — GraSS. ] Grease, gres, n. soft thick a.n\ma\_fat : oily matter of any kind : an inflammation in the heels of a horse, marked by swelling, &c. — v.t. (sometimes pron. grez) to smear with grease. [Fr. graisse, irom. gras, fat — L. crasstis, gross, thick.] Greasy, gre'zi or gres'i, adj. of or like grease or oil : smeared with grease : smooth : fat. — adv. Greas'ily.— «. Greas'iness. Great, grat, adj. large : long-continued : superior : distinguished : highly gifted : noble : mighty : sublime : of high rank : chief : proud : weighty : Green-sickness indicating one degree more remote in the direct line of descent, as Great'-grand'father. Great'- grand'son.— art'i'. Greatly.—;/. Great'ness, [A.S. ; Dut. groot, G^x. gross ; perh. allied to Grand, Gross, Grow.] Greatooat, griit kot, «. an overcoat. Great-liearted, grat'-hart'ed, adj. having a great or noule heart : high-spirited : noble. Greaves, grevz, «.//. the sediment of melted tallow, pressed into cakes for dogs' food. [Sw. grevar, leavings of tallow, Ger. griebe.] Greaves, grevz, «.//. ancient armour for the legs, of leather, &c [O. Fr. greves, from greve, the shin-bone.] Grebe, greb, «. an aquatic bird, having a long conical beak, short wings, and no tail. [Fr. grebe; from the Celtic, as in Bret, kj-ib, a comb, W. crib, crest, one species having a crest.] Grecian, gre'shan, adj. pertaining to Greece.— n. a native of Greece : one well versed in the Greek language and literature: (B.) a Jew who spoke Greek. [A.S. and Fr. Grec — L. Gmcus — Gr. Graikos.} ' Grecise, gre'slz, v.t. to make Grecian : to translate into Greek. — v.i. to speak Greek. [guage. Grecism, gre'sizm, «. an idiom of the Greek Ian- Greed, gred, n. an eager desire or longing ; covet- ousness. [See Greedj.j Greedy, gredi, adj. having a voracious appetite: covetous: eagerly desirous. — adv. Greedily. — 71. Greed'inesS. [A.S. grcEdig, Dut. gretig, Goth, gredags, hungry ; Sans, gridlmu (from v. gridli, to be greedy. )J Greek, grek, adj. Grecian. — n. a Grecian : the language of Greece: {B.) a Greek by race, or more frequently a Gentile as opposed to a Jew. Greek-fire, grek'-fir, «. a combustible substance inextinguishable by water, used by the Greeks of the Byzantine empire against the Saracens* Green, gren, adj. of the colour of ^oa'/V/f-plants : growing : vigorous : new : unripe : inexperienced : young. — «. the colour of growing-plants : a small green or grassy plat :— //. fresh leaves : wreaths : the leaves of green vegetables for food, &c. — n. Green'ness. [A.S. grene; Ger. gn'in, Dut. groefi, green. Ice. grdnn, allied to Grow.] Greenback, gren'bak, n. popular name for the p.^per money first issued by the United States in 1862. Green-cloth, gren'-kloth, n. formerly, a court for regulating the affairs of the royal household, and which had power to punish otfenders within the palace, and 200 ytis. beyond the gates, so called from the g7een cloth on the table round which it sat. [tables, as grasses, turnips, &c. Green-Crop, gren'-krop, n. a crop of green vege- Greenery, gren'er-i, n. green plants : verdure. Greengage, gren'gaj, n. a green and very sweet variety of the plum. [Latter part of the word obscure.] Greengrocer, gren'grC-ser, «. a grocer or dealer \l'ho retails greens, or fresh vegetables and fruits. Greenhorn, gren'hom, «. a raw, inexperienced youth. Greenhouse, grenTiows, «. a house to shelter tender plants from the cold weather. Greenish, gren'ish, adj. somewhat green. — n. Green'ishness. Greenroom, gren'room, «. the retiring-ro^w/ of actors in a theatre, which originally had the walls coloured greett. Greensand, gren'sand, n. a sa7idstone in which green specks of iron occur. Green-Sickness, gren'-sik'nes, «. chlorosis, a dis- fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mSte ; mute ; moDn ; tke.n.. 211 Greenstone Grocer ease of young females characterised by general lanjjiior and a pale or ^reefiish colour of skin. Greenstone, grtn'stOn, «. a variety of trap-rod of a f^it'L'H colour. Greet, gret, v.t. to salute or address with kind wishes : to send kind wishes to : to congratulate. — v.i. to meet and salute : — pr.p. greet'ing ; f>n.p. greet'ed. [A.S. gretau, to go to meet; JJut. ffror/cn, Ger. griissen, to salute.] Greeting, grOt'ing, n. expression of kindness or joy : salutation. Gregarious, gre-gi'ri-us, adj. associating or living in /locks or herds. — adv. Grega'riOUSly. — «. Grega'riousness. [L. gregarius^grex, gregis, a flock.] Gregorian, gre-gO'ri-an, adj. belonging to or established by Pope Gregory ; as the Gregorian chant or tones, introduced by Gregory 1. (6th cent.), and the calendar, reformed by Gregory XIII. (loth cent.) Grenade, gre-nad', «. a small shell of iron or glass, filled with powder and bits of iron, and thrown from the hand, so called from its resembling a pomegranate. [Fr. — Sp. granada — L. grana- tiint, a pomegranate — graniim, a grain.] Grenadier, gren-a-der', «. (orig.) a soldier who ihrew gre?iades : formerly, a member of the first company of every battalion of foot. Grew, groo, past tense of GroW. Grey, gra. Same as Gray. Greyhound, gra'hownd, «. a swift hunting hound, of slender furm, great length of limb and muzzle, and great keenness of sight. [Ice. greykundr — Ice. grey, a dog, and hundr (E. Iiotmd), a hound.] Griddle, grid'l, «. a flat iron plate for baking cakes. [W. greidell — greidio, to scorch or singe ; Gael, greidil, Scot. girdle.\ Gridiron, grid'I-urn, n. a frame of iron bars for broiling flesh or fish over the fire. [M. E. gredire, a griddle, and from the same Celtic root as griddle ; but the termin. -ire became identified with M. E. ire, iron.] Grief, gref, «., Aeaviness of heart : sorrow : regret : mourning : cause of sorrow : affliction : {B.) bodily as well as mental pain. [Fr. grief— grever, to burden — L. gravo, to grieve— ^ar'/V, heavy.] [hardship: injury: grief. Grievance, grev'ans, «. cause of grief: burden : Grieve, grev, v.t. to cause grief or pain of mind to: to make sorrowful: to ve.\ : {B.) also, to inflict bodily pain. — v.i. to feel grief: to mourn. Grievous, grev'us, adj. causing or full of grief: burdensome : painful : heinous : atrocious : hurt- ful.— «. Griev'ousness. [(.5.) severely. Grievously, grev'us-li, adv. in 3. grievous mstxaitr '. GriflBln, grif'in, Griflfon, grif'un, n. an imaginary animal, with the body and legs of a lion, and the crooked beak and wings of an eagle. [ Fr. griffon — L. and Gr. gryps — Gr. grypos. hook-nosed.] Grig, grig, >i. a small lively eel, the sand-eel. [Prov. E. grig, a cricket: from its wriggling motion.] Grill, gril, v.t. to broil on a gridiron : to torment. [Fr. griller — gril, a gridiron — L. craticula, dim. oi crates, a grate.] Grilse, grils, 71. a young salmon on its first return from salt water. |Sw. graalax, a gray salmon.] Grim, grim, adj. of forbidding aspect : ferocious : ghastly : sullen. — adv. Grimly.— «. Grim'ness. [A. S. gritn ; Ger. grimmig—grimm, fury, Dut. grimttiig. Ice. gritntnr.} Grimace, gri-mas', n, a distortion of the face, in jest, &c. : a smirk. [Fr., of uncertain orig., perh. from root of Ice. and A.S. grinta, a mask or phantom.] [torted. Grimaced, gri-masd', adj. with a grimace: dis- Grimalkin, gri-malTcin, «. an old cat. [Gray, and tnalkin, a dirty drab, a hare, a dim. of Moll or Mary.] Grime, grim, «. ingrained dirt. — v.t. to soil deeply. [From a Teut. root found in Dan. gritn, soot, Fris. grime, a dark spot on the face.] Grimy, grlm'i, adj. full oi grime : foul. Grin, grin, V.I. to set the teeth together and with- draw the lips. — v.t. to e.xpress by grinning: — pr.p. grinn'ing ; /rt./. grinned'. — «. act of grinn- ing. [A.S. grenuian ; Ice. grenja, Ger. greinen, Dut. grijnen, to grumble, Sc. girn; allied to E. groan, Yr. grogner.] Grind, grind, v.t. to reduce to powder by friction : to wear down or sharpen by rubbing : to rub together : to oppress or harass. — v.i. to be moved or rubbed together :— pr.fi. grind'ing ; pa.t. and /a./, ground. [A.'i. grindan.] Grinder, grlnd'er, «. he or that which grinds : a double or jaw tooth ihat grinds food. Grindstone, grind'stOn, n. a circular revolving stone for grinding or sharpening tools. Grip, grip, Gripe, grip, «., grasp or firm hold with the hand, &c. : oppression: pinching distress: — • pi. Gripes, severe pains in the bowels. [See Gripe, v.] Gripe, grip, v. t. to grasp with the hand : to seize and hold fast : to squeeze : to give pain to the bowels. — Grip'ing, part. adj. avaricious: of a pain that catches or seizes acutely. [A.S. grifian ; Ice. gripa, Ger. greifen, Dut. grijpen: allied to Grab.] Grisetta, gri-zet', n. a gay young Frenchwoman of the lower class. [Fr. grisette, a gray gown, which used to be worn by that class— ^r^V, gray.] Grisled, griz'ld. Same as Grizzled. Grisly, griz'li, adj. frightful: hideous. [A.S. gryslic, agrisan, to dread ; Ger. grdsslich, I grieseln, to shudder. ] j Grist, grist, 71, corn for grinding at one time; j supply: profit. [A.S. grist, gerst, a grinding; from root of Grind.] Gristle, gris'l, n. a soft, elastic substance in animal bodies, also called cartilage. [A.S. gristel; a dim. of grist and grind, because one must crunch it in eating.] [«. GristlinesS. Gristly, gris'li, adj. consisting of or \\V.e gristle. — Grit, grit, n. the coarse part of meal : gravel : a kind of hard sandstone : — pi. oats coarsely ground, groats. [A.S. greot, grytt ; Dut. gmt, groats, Ger. gries, gravel, akin to groat, grout.] Gritty, grit'i, adj. consisting of or having grits or hard particles. — n. Gritt'iness. Grizzle, griz'l, >t. 3. gray colour. [Fr. gris, gray — O. Ger. gris, gray, Ger. greis.] Grizzled, griz'ld, adj., gray, or mixed with gray. Grizzly, griz'li, ano.] Groove, groov, n. a furrow, or long hollow, such as is cut with a tool. — v.i. to grave or cut a groove or furrow in. [A.S. gray, grtrf—grafan, to dig ; Ger. grube—graben, to dig ; Dut. groeve, a furrow, pit ; from root of Grave.] Grope, grup, v.i. (prig.) to gripe or feel with the hands : to search or attempt to find something, as if blind or in the dark. — v.t. to search by feeling, as in the dark. [A.S. grapian, to seize, handle; allied to Grab, Gripe.] Gropingly, grop'ing-li, adv. in a groping manner. Grosbeak. Same as Grossbeak. Gross, grOs, adj. coarse : rough : dense : palpable : whole : coarse in mind : stupid : sensual : ob- scene. — ti. the main bulk : the whole taken to- gether : a great hundred, i.e. twelve dozen. — adv. Grossly.— '<■. Gross'ness. [Fr. ^ry.f— Low L. grossits — L. crassiis.] Grossbeak, gros'bek, «. a genus of birds with a thici strong convex beak. [Gross and Beak.] Grot, grot. Grotto, grot'o, fi. a cave : a place of shade, for pleasure, made like a cave i^pl Grots, Grottos. [Fr. grotte—h. crypta ; thus a doublet of Crypt; grotto is the It. form.] Grotesque, gro-tesk', otij. extravagantly formed : ludicrous. — «. (art) extravagant ornament, con- taining animals, plants, &c. not really existing. — adv. Grotesquely.— «. Grotesque'ness. [Fr. grotesque— It. grottesca — grotto; because old grottos were commonly adorned with quaint and extravagant paintings.] Grotto. See Grot. Ground, grownd, /a.^. and/«./. of Grind. Ground, grownd, n. the surface of the earth : a portion of the earth's surface : land : field : the floor, &c. : position : field or place of action : (///. or jig.) that on which something is raised : foundation : reason : [art) the surface on which the figures are represented. [A.S. grand ; cog. with Ger. Dan. and Sw. grjend. Ice. grunnr, Goth, grmidus : prob. conn, with grifid, and orig. meaning • earth ground small.'] Ground, grownd, v.t. to fix on a foundation or prniciple : to instruct in first principles. — v.i, to strike the bottom, and remain fi.\ed. Groundage, grownd'aj, «. the tax paid by a ship for the ground or space occupied while in port. Growl Ground-floor, grownd'-flor, «. the floor of a house on a level with the street or exterior ground. Ground-ivy, grownd'-I'vi, «. a plant which creeps along the ground, like ivj. Groundless, grownd'les, adj. without ground, foundation, or reason. — adv. Groundlessly.^ «. Groundlessness. Groundling, grownd'ling, n. a small fish "vhich keeps near the bottom of the water : a spectator in the pit of a theatre. [Both formed from Ground and double dim. -ling.] Ground-nut, grownd'-nut, n. a term applied to the fruit of some plants and the root of others found in the ground. Ground-plan, grownd'-plan, n., plan of the hori- zontal section of the lowest or ground story of a building. Ground-plot, grownd'-plot, n. the plot of ground on which a building stands. Ground-rent, grownd'-rent, «., rent paid to a landlord for liberty to build on his ground. Grounds, grownds, n.pl. dregs of drink : sediment at the bottom of liquors. [Gael, and Ir. grunn- das; conn, with Ground.] Groundsel, grownd'sel, «. an annual plant, about a foot high, with small yellow flowers. [A.S. gru'tdsuielige — grutid. ground, and swelgan, to swallow ; therefore lit. ground-sivallower.] Ground-swell, ground'-swel, «. a broad, deep s^uell or undulation of the ocean, proceeding from a distant storm. Groundwork, grownd'wurk, n. the ivork which forms the ground or foundation of anything : the basis : the essential part : the first principle. Group, groop, n. a number of persons or things together : (art) an assemblage of persons, ani- mals, or things, forming a whole. — v.t. to form into a group or groups. [Fr. grojcpe — It. groppo, a bunch, knot ; from a root found in Ger. kropf, a protuberance.] Grouping, groop'ing, n. [art] the act of disposing and arranging figures or objects m groups. Grouse, grows, 71. the heathcock or moorfowl, a bird with a short curved bill, short legs, and feathered feet, which frequents moors and hills. [Prob. formed from the older grice (on the ana- logy of }?iouse, mice) — O. Fr. griesche, of un- , known origin.] Grout, growt, n. coarse meal : the sediment of liquor : lees : a thin coarse mortar : a fine plaster for finishing ceilings. [A.S. grtit, coarse meal ; cog. with Dut. grut. Ice. grautr, por- ridge, Ger. griitze, groats.] Grove, grov, ti. a wood of small size, generally of a pleasant or ornamental character : an avenue of trees. [A.S. graf, a grove, a lane cut among trees— ^rt/««, to dig. See Grave, Groove. ] Grovel, grov'el, v.i. to crawl on the earth : to be mean : — pr.p. groVelling ; pa. p. grov'eiled. — «. Grov'eller. [Perh. from Ice. grujla, to grovel, from grufa. as in gnija nidr, to stoop down. See Grab, Grope.] Grow, gro, v.i. to become enlarged by a natural process : to advance towards maturity : to in- crease in size : to develop : to become greater in any way : to e.xtend : to improve : to pass from one state to another : to become. — ~'.t. to cause to grow : to cultivate : — pa.t. grew (groo) ; /«./. grown. — «. Grow'ei". {A.S. growan; Ice. groa: conn. yf/\th. green.] Growl, growl, v.i. to utter a deep, murmuring sound, like a dog: to grumble surlily. — v.i. to express by growling. — n. Growl'er. [Dut. and Ger. grollen, to be angry, to roar ; allied to Gr. fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; moSn ; Men i 21? Growl gpfllizd, to sr^rA,gryllos, a pig : from the sound, bee Gnidge and Gnint.] Growl, growl, «. a imirmuring, snarling sound, as of an angry dog. Growth, grOth, «. a grooving: gradual increase : progress : development : that which has grown : product. GlTlb, grub, v.i. to dig in the dirt : to be occupied meanly.— z/./'. to dig or root out of the ground (generally followed by up) -.—pr./i. grubb'ing ; pii.f>. grubbed'. [Ety. dub. ; but prob. allied to Grab, Gripe.] Grub, grub, n. the larva of the beetle, moth, &c. [Same word as above.] Grubber, grnb'er, n. he or that which gnibs: an instrument for digging up the roots of trees, &c. Grub-street, gmb'-stret, «. a street in London inhabited by shabby .''terary men.— adj. applied to any mean literary' production. Grudge, gruj, v.t. to murmur at: to look upon with envy: to give or take unwillingly.— w./. to shew discontent.— «. secret enmity or envy : an old cause of quarrel. [M. E. grjicc'wn, gruggen — O. Fr. groiicher, groucer, griiger, from an imitative root gru, which is found in Gr. gry, the grunt of a pig, also m growl, grunt. ^ Grudgingly, gruj'ing-li, adv. unwillingly. Gruel, groo'el, «. a thin food, made by boiling groats or oatmeal in water. [O. Fr. grjiel (Fr. gruau], gronts — Low L. grutelhtvi, dim. of gnit7t)!!, meal — O. Ger. grut, groats, A.S.griit.'] Gruesome, grSo'sum, adj. horrible : fearful. [Scan. ; cog. with Ger. graiisam.] Gruff, gruf, adj. rough, stern, or abrupt in manner : churlish.— ac/T'. Gruffly.— «. Gruff'ness. [Dut. grof : cog. with Sw. grof, Dan. grov, Ger. grab, coarse ; prob. imitative.] Grumble, grum'bl, v.i. to murmur with discon- tent: to growl: to rumble. — n. Grum'bler. — ■ adv. GnunTjllngly. [Fr. gromitieler ; from O. Ger. grutnineiu.} Grume, groom. «. a thick consistence of fluid : a clot as of blood. [O. Fr. grume, a knot, a bunch ( Fr. grumeau, a clot of blood) — L. gru- juHs, a little heap.] Grumous, groSm'us, ndj. thick : clotted. Grumpy, grum'pi, adj. surly : dissatisfied : melan- cholic. [From same root as Grumble.] Grunt, grunt, v.i. to make a sound like a pig. — n. a short, guttural sound, as of a hog. — n. Grunt'er. [Like words are found in most European languages ; all from the sound. See Growl and Grudge. ] Guair./>. guarantee'ing ; /«./. guaranteed'. [O. Vx. garantie,giiarantie, fa.p. of garantir, to warrant — garant, war- rant. See Warrant.] Guard, gard, v.t. to ward, watch, or take care of : to protect from danger. — v.i. to watch : to' be wary. — «. that which guards from danger : a man or body of men stationed to protect : one QuUd who has charge of a coach or railway-train: state of caution : posture of defence : part of the hilt of a sword : a watch-chain :— //. troops attached to the person of a sovereign. [O. Fr. garder, guarder—O. Ger. wartcn ; cog. with E. ward.} [turned towards the beholder. Guardant, gar[d.ant, ndj. {ker.) having the face Guarded, gard'ed, adj. wary : cautious : uttered with caution.— ai/z/. Guard'edly. — «. Guard'- edness. Guardian, gard'yan, n. one who guards or takes care of: {law) one who has the care of an orphan minor. — adj. protecting. — n. Guard'ian- ship. [modation o( guards. Guardroom, gard'rocSm, n. a room for the acconi- Guardship, gard'ship, «. a ship of war that guards or superintends marine affairs in a har- bour. Guardsman, gards'man, n. a. so\din oi the guards. Guava, gwa'va, «. a genus of trees and shrubs, of tropical America, with yellow, pear-shaped fruit which is made into jelly. [Sp. guayaba : of W. Indian origin.] Gudgeon, guj'un, «. a small fresh-water fish, allied to the carp, easily caught— hence, any one easily cheated. [Fr. goiijon — L. gobio—Gr. kobios. See Goby] Guelder-rose, gel'dcr-roz, k. a tree with large white ball-shaped flowers. [So called from Gueldres in Holland — also called snowball-tree. } Guerdon, ger'dun, 71. a reivard or recompense. [O. Fr. guerdon, guerredon (It. guida>-done) — Low L. widerdotium, corr. from O. Ger. widar- Ion, A. S. ividherlean — widher {same as wMu- in E. witlistand), against, leati (same as E. loan), reward ; or more prob. the latter part of the word is from L. donunt, a gift.] Guerilla, Guerrilla, ger-ril'a, «. a mode of har- assing an army by small bands adopted by the Spaniards against the French in the Peninsular War : a member of such a band. — adj. conducted by or conducting petty warfare. [Sp. guerrilla, dim. of guerra ( Fr. guerre) — O. Ger. werra, war. See War.] Guess, ges, v.t. to form an opinion on uncertain knowledge. — v.i. to judge on uncertain know- ledge: to conjecture rightly. [M. E. gessen : cog. with Dut. gissen; Dan gisse, Ice. giska, for git-ska — geta, to get, think, A.S. gitan, whence E. Get. See also Forget.] Guess, ges, «. judgment or opinion without suffi- cient evidence or grounds. Guesswork, ges'wurk, 71., wo7-k done hy guess. Guest, gest, 71. a visitor received and entertained. [A. S. gest, gcEst ; allied to Dut. and Ger. gast, L. Jwstis, stranger, enemy. Cf. Host, an army.] Guest-chamber, gest'-cham'ber, 7t. (B.)3. cha/iiber or room for the accommodation o^ g7iests. Guffaw, guf-faw', «. a loud laugh. [From the sound.] Guidance, gid'ans, n. direction : government. Guide, gld, v.t. to lead or direct : to regulate : to influence. — «. he who or that which guides : one who directs another in his course of life : a soldier or other person employed to obtain information for an army. [Fr. guider; prob. from a Teut. root, as in A. S. witan, to know, observe, wis, wise, Ger. weiscn, to shew, and so conn, with ivit and wise."} [tourists. Guidebook, gld'book, n. a book of information for Guidepost, gId'pSst, n. a post erected at a road- side, to guide the traveller. Guild, gild, 71. {orig.) an association in a town where payme/it was made for mutual support 214 fate, far ; me, her : mine : mSte ; mute ; mo5n ; £4en. a-uila Gusset and protection : an association of men for mutual aid : a corporation. — Guildliall, >t. the hall of a guild or corporation, esp. iu London. [A.S. gild, money, giidati, to pay : it is tiie same word as Gold and GUd.] Guild, gll, «. wile, jugglery: cunning: deceit. [O. Fr. giiille, deceit ; from a Teut. root, as in A.S. ivil. Ice. vel, a trick. See Wile.] Guileful, gTl'fool, adj. crafty : deceitful. — adv. Guile'fully — «. Guile'fulness. Guileless, gll'les, adj. without deceit : artless. — adv. Guilelessly.— «. Guilelessness. Guillemot, gil'e-mot, n. a genus of marine birds having a pointed bill and very short tail. [Fr.] Guillotine, gil'o-ten, n. an instrument for behead- ing — cons^ting of an upright frame down which a sharp heavy a.xe descends on the neck of the victim — adopted during the French Revolu- tion, and named after Giiilloiin, a physician, who first proposed its adoption. — v.i. to beliead with the gidlloiine. Guilt, gilt, «. punishable conduct : the state of having broken a law: crime. [Orig. a. payinetit Cfc fine for an offence ; A.5. gylt, guilt— gilda?i, to pay, to atone.] Guiltless, gilt'les, adj. free from crime : innocent. — adv. Guiltlessly.— «. Guiltlessness. Guilty, gilt'i, adj. justly chargeable with a crime : wicked. — Guilty of (sometimes in B.), deserving. —adv. Guiltily.— «. Guiltiness. [A. S. gyltig.] Guinea, gin'i, «. an English gold coin, no longer used — 2IS., so called because first made of gold brought from Guinea, in Africa. Guinea-fowl, gin'i-fowl, Guinea-hen, gin'i-hen, «. a fowl like the turkey, of a dark-gray colour, with white spots, originally from Guinea, in Africa. Guinea-pig, gin'i-pig, n. a small S. American animal, belonging to the Rodentia, and some- what resembling a small pig. [Prob. a mistake for Guiana-pig.\ Guise, giz, n., manlier, behaviour: external ap- pearance: dress. [Fr. guise; from O. Ger. luisa (Ger. weise), a way, guise, which is cog. with A. S. Tvis, wise, tvisa, cause, manner, E. •wise, guide.l [mas mummer. Guiser, glz'er, «. a person in disguise : a Christ- Guitar, gi-tar^, «. a musical stringed instrument like the violin in shape, but larger, and played upon with the fingers. [Fr. guiiare ; from L. citltara — Gr. kitiiara, a lyre or lute. See Cithern.] Gules, guiz, n. {Iter.) a red colour, marked in engraved figures by perpendicular lines. [Fr. giieules ; of doubtful origin : ace. to Brachet, from Pers. ghtil, a rose ; but ace. to other autho- rities, it is from Fr. gueule — L. gula, the throat, prob. from the colour of the open mouth of the heraldic lion.] Gulf, gulf, n. a hollow or indentation in the sea- coast : a deep place in the earth : an abyss : a whirlpool : anything insatiable. [Fr. golfe — Late Gr. kolphos, Gr. kolpos, the bosom, a fold, a gulf] Gulfy, gulf'i, adj. full of gulfs or whirlpools. Gull, gul, n. a web-footed sea-fowl, named from its wailing cry. [Corn, gullan, W. gwylan, Bret. g-welan — Bret, gwela, to weep, to cry.] Gull, gul, v.t. to beguile : to deceive. — «. a trick : one easily cheated. [Same word as gull, a sea- fowl, the bird being thought stupid.] Gullet, gul'et, «. the throat : the passage in the neck by which food is taken into the stomach. [Fr. goulet, the gullet, dim. of O. Fr. goule, Fr. gueule — L. gula, the throat.] Gullihle, gul'i-bl, adj. easily gulled ot deceived. — n. Gullibility. Gully, gul'i, }c. a gullet or channel worn by run- ning-water. — v.t. to wear a gully or channel in. [A form of Gullet.] Gulp, gulp, v.t. to swallow eagerly or in large draughts. [Dut. gitlpen, to swallow eagerly, from Dut. gulp, a great draught.] Gum, gum, n. the flesh of the jaws which sur- rounds the teeth. [A.S. goma ; Ice. goinr, Ger. gaicjnen, roof of the mouth, palate.] Gum, gum, 7t. a substance which exudes from cer- tain trees, and hardens on the surface. — v.t. to smear or unite with gum : — pr.p. gumming ; pa.p. gummed'. [Fr. gomme — L. gunimi — Gr. konimi.\ Gummiferous, gum-i er-us, adj. producing gutn. [L. gitinmi, axid/ero, to bear, to produce.] Gummous, gum'us. Gummy, guml, adj. consist- ing of or resembling gum : producing or covered with gum. — n. Gummlness. [L. gumnusHs.] Gun, gun, «. a firearm or weapon, from which balls or other projectiles are discharged, usually by means of gunpowder: now, generally applied to cannon. [Ety. dub. ; perh. from W. gwn, a bowl, gun.] [a gun. Gun-barrel, gun'-bar'el, «. the barrel or tube of Gunboat, gun'bot, «. a boat or small vessel of light draught, fitted to carry one or more guns. Gun-carriage, gun'-kar'ij, n. a carriage on which a gun or cannon is supported. Gun-cotton, gun'-kot'n, «. cotton rendered highly explosive like gunpowder. [by a ship of war. Gunnage, gun'aj, n. the number of guns carried Gunner, gun'er, «. one who works a gun or can- non : (naut.) a petty officer who has charge of the ordna?tce on board ship. Gunnery, gun'er-i, «. the art of managing gufis, or the .science of artillery. Gunny, gunl, «. a strong coarse cloth manu- factured in India from jute, and used as sacking. [Prob. a native word.] Gunpowder, gun'pow-der, n. an explosive powder used for guns and firearms. Gunshot, gun'shot, n. the distance to which shot can be thrown from a gun.— adj. caused by the shot of a gun. Gunsmith, gun'smith, n. a smith or workman who makes or repairs guns or small-arms. GunstOCk, gun'stok, n. the stock or piece of wood on which the barrel of a gun is fixed. Gunwale, gun'el, ?«. the wale or upper edge of a ship's side next to the bulwarks, so called be- cause the upper gu}ts are pointed from it. [See Wale.] Gurgle, gur'gl, v.i. to flow in an irregular noisy current, as water from a bottle : to make a bub- bling sound. [Through an It. gorgogliare, from the same root as Gorge ; cf. Gargle.] Gurnet, gur'net, Gua-nard, gur'nard, «. a kind of fish. [Supposed to be so called from the sound it makes when taken out of the water ; from O. Fr. gournauld—'Pi. grogner, to grunt— L. grunnio, to grunt.] Gush, gush, v.i. to flow out with violence or copiously. — n. that which flows out : a violent issue of a fluid. [From a Teut. root found in Ice. gusa, to gush, A.S. geotan,sGe.x. giessen, akin to Gr. ched, to pour.] Gushing, gushing, adj. rushing forth with violence, as a liquid : flowing copiously S eflTusive. — adv. Gush'ingly. Gusset, gus'et, n. the piece of cloth in a shirt which covers the armpit : an angular piece of fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mute ; mS&n ; /Aen. 215 Qust Hack cloth inserted in a garment to strengthen some part of it. [Fr. i^o/tssf/, armpit, gusset— /;-oitsse, It. gyescio, a poii, husk ; from the fancied hke- ness of the armpit to the hollow husk of a bean or pea.] Gust, gust, n. a sudden blast of wind : a violent burst of passion. [Ice. ^istr, blast, from root of Gush] Gust, gust, Gusto, gust'O, «. sense of pleasure of /rt.ri'/«(,»-; relish : gratification. [L. ^usius, taste; akin to Gr. geno, to make to taste.] Gustatory, gusl'a-tor-i, adj. pertaining to, or tending to please the taste. [Gust'iness. Gusty, gust'i, adj. stormy: tempestuous. — >i. Gut, gut, «. the iniesdnal canal. — v.i. to take out the bowels of: to plunder : — /»'■/>■ gutt'ing ;/«./. gutt'ed. [A.S. g^^t, the orig. .sense being chan- tiel ; cf. A.S. geotan, to pour, Prov. E. g2it, a dr.iin, O. Dut. gote, a channel.] Gutta-percha, gut'a-perch'a, n. the solidified juice of various trees in the Malayan Islands. [Malay gaiak, guttali, gum, perx/ia, the tree producing tt.] Gutter, gut'er, n. a channel at the eaves of a roof for conveying away the drops: a channel for water. — v.t. to cut or form into small hollows. — v.i. to become hollowed : to run down in drops, as a candle. [Fr. gouttiere — goutte — L. gutta, a drop.] Guttural, gut'ur-al, adj. pertaining to the throat : formed in the throat. — n. {grant.) a letter pro- nounced in the t\\xosX.—adv. Gutt'urally. [L. giittur, the throat.] Guy, gl, «. (naut.) a rope to guide or steady any suspended weight. [Sp. guia, a guide ; from the same source as Guido.] Guy, gl, «. an effigy of Guy Fawkes, dressed up grotesquely on the day of the Gunpowder plot : an odd figure. Guzzle, guz'l, v.i. to eat and drink with haste and greediness. — v.t, to swallow with exceeding relish. — n. Guzz'ler. [O. Fr. des-gouziller, to swallow down — gosier, the throat.] Gymnasium, jim-na'zi-um, n. (orig.) a place where athletic e-xercises were practised naked : a school for gymnastics : a school for the higher branches of literature and .science: — />i. Gymnasia, jim- na'zi-a. [L. — Gr. gyiiiiuision — gymnazo, to ex- ercise—gyiitnos, naked.] Gymnast, jim'nast, n. one who teaches or prac- tises gymnastics. [Fr. gymnaste—Gr. gy»i- »astes. ] Gymnastic, jim-nas'tik, Gynmastlcal, jim-nas'- tik-al, adj. pertaining to athletic exercises. — «.//. used as sing. Gymnas'tiCS, athletic exer- cises: the art of performing athletic exercises. —adv. Gymnas'tically. [L. gynmasticus — Gr. gyninastikos, relating to gymnastics. See Gymnasium.] Gymnosophist, jim-nos'of-ist, n. one of a sect of Indian philosophers who lived an ascetic life and went naked. [Gr. gymnos, naked, sophos, wise.] Gynarchy, jin'ar-ki, n., gpverntnent by a. female. [Gr. gyne, a woman, arc/te, rule.] Gynecocracy, jin-e-kok'ra-si, Gyneocrasy, jin-e- ok ra-si, «., government by women. [Gr. gyne, a woman, krateo, to rule.] Gyp, jip, n. at Cambridge, a college servant. Gypseous, jip'se-us, adj. of or resembling gypsum. Gypsiun, jip'sum, «. sulphate of lime ; when cal- cined it is plaster of Paris. [L. — Gr. gypsos, chalk.] Gjrpsy. See Gipsy. Gsrrate, jl'rat, v.i. to whirl round a central point : to move spirally. — adj'. [bot.) winding round, [L. e:yro, gyratnm, to move in a circle.] Gyration, jl-ra'shun, «. act of whirling round a central point : a spiral motion. Gyratory, jl'ra-tor-i, adj. moving in a circle. Gyre, jlr, «. a circular motion. [L. gyrus — Gr. gyros, a ring, round.] Gyrfalcon, Gierfalcon, jer'faw-kn, n. a large falcon, found in the northern regions of both the Old and New Worlds. [Low L. gy7-ofalco ; from Ger. geier (O. Ger. giri, voraciousj, a vulture, anAfalke, falcon.] Gyromancy, jl'ro-man-si, «., divination by walk- ing in a circle. [Gr. gyros, a circle, and man- teia, divination.] Gyroscope, jl'ro-skop, «. an instrument shewing to the eye the effects of rotation. [Gr. gyros, and skopeo, to see.] Gyve, jiv, «. a fetter, esp. one to confine the legs — used commonly in pi. — v.t. to fetter. [W. gefyn, fetters.] H Ha, ha, int. denoting .surprise, joy, or grief; and, when repeated, laughter. [From the sound.] Haheas-Oorpus, hu'be-as-kor'pus, 71. a writ to a jailer to produce the body of one detained in prison, and to state the reasons of such detention, that the court may judge of their sufficiency. [Lit. have the body, from L. liabeo, to have, and corpus, the body.] Haberdasher, hab'er-dash-er, «. a seller of small- wares, as ribbons, tape, &c. [O. Fr. hapertas : of uncertain origin.] [a haberdasher. Haberdashery, hab'er-dash-er-i, «. goods sold by Habergeon, ha-ber'je-un, n. a piece of armour to defend the neck and breast. [Fr. haubergeon, dim. of O. Fr. hanberc. See Hauberk.] Habiliment, ha-bil'i-ment, n. a garment -.^pl. clothing, dress. [Fr. habillenicnt—habiller, to dress — L. habilis, fit, ready — habeo.'\ Habit, hab'it, }i. ordinary course of conduct : tendency to perform certain actions : general condition or tendency, as of the body : practice : custom : outward appearance, dress : a garment, esp. a tight-fitting dress, with a skirt, worn by ladies on horseback. — v.i. to dress : — pr.p. hab'it- ing ; pa. p. hab'ited. [Fr. — L. habitus, state, Ax&ss~habeo, to have, to be in a condition.] Habitable, hab'it-a-bl, adj. that may be dwelt in. — adv. Hab'itably.— «. Hab'itableness. [Fr. — L. habitabilis — habito, habitatus, to inhabit, freq. of habeo, to have.] Habitat, hab'it-at, n. {nat. hist, and bot.) the natural abode or locality of an animal or plant. [3d pere. sing. pres. ind. of L. habito. ] Habitation, hab-i-ta'shun, n. act of inhabiting or dwelling : a dwelling or residence. [Fr. — L. habit alio — habito. ] Habitual, ha-bit'u-al, adj. formed or acquired by halnt or frequent use : customary. — adii. Habit- ually. [Low L. habitualis — L. habitus.'\ Habituate, ha-bit'u-at, v.t. to cause to acquire a habit: to accustom. [L. habituo, habituattun — habitus, held in a state or condition.] Habitude, hab'i-tud, n. tendency from acquiring a habit: usual manner. [L. habititdo — habeo.] Hack, hak/ v.t. to cut : to chop or mangle : to notch. — «. a cut made by hacking — Hacking COUgh, a broken, troublesome cough. [A.S. haccan ; Dut. Jiakken, and Ger. Iiacken. See Hash.] Hack, hak, n. a Jiackney, esp. a poor and jaded one : any person overworked on hire : a literary 216 f&te, far; tnS, hir; mine; mOte; mate; mOQn ; Men. Hackle drudge. — adj. hackney, hired. — v.t. to offer for liire : to use roughly. [Contr. of Hackney ; cf. Cab.] Hackle, hak'l, «. an instrument with }woks or iron teeth for sorting hemp or flax : any flimsy sub- stance unspun : a feather in a cock's neck : a hook and fly for angling, dressed with this feather. [Dut. hekel, dim oi liaak, a hook; akin to Ger. luxhel—haken, E. Hook.] Hackle, hakl, v.t. to dress v/ith a hackle, as flax : to tear rudely asunder. Hackly, hak'li, adj. rough and broken, as if Juicked or chopped : {»iin.) covered with sharp points. Hackney, hak'ni, «. a horse for general use, esp. for hire. — v.t. to carry in a hackney-coach; to use much : to make commonplace. [Fr. kaquenee — Dut. luikke-nei, iin ambling nag ; prob. from hakkcn (E. Hack, to cut), and negge (E. Nag, a small horse).] Hackney, hak'ni. Hackneyed, hak'nid, adj. let out for hire : devoted to common use : much used. [for hire. Hackney-coach, hak'ni-koch, «. a coach let out Had, ^a.t. and pa.p. of Have : {B.) — held, Acts .\-xv. 26. [Contr. from A.S. hdfed, /«rty^/r=haved.] Haddock, had'uk, «. a sea-fish of the cod family. [Ety. dub. ; cf W. hadog, prolific — had, seed ; perh. from Low L. gadus, cod — Gr. gados, and dim. termination ock."^ Hades, ha'dez, «. the unseen world : the abode of the dead. [Gr. kaides, hades — prob. from a, priv. , and idein, to see, 'The Unseen.'] Haemal, Haematite, &c. See Hemal, Hematite. Hcemoglobin, he-mo-glob'in, n. the colouring matter of the blood. [Gr. kaima, blood, L. globus, a round body.] Haemorrhage, &c. See Hemorrhage. Haft, haft, n. a handle. [A. S. /ueft, from the root oi ha7'e ; cog. with Dut. and Ger. heft.\ Hag, hag, «. an ugly old woman : [orig. ) a witch. [Shortened from A.S. ha-g-tesse, a witch or fury; Ger. and Dan. Iiexe : perh. conn, with Ice. hag-r, wise, or with A.S. haga, a hedge, because witches were thought to frequent bushes.] Haggard, hag'ard, adj., mild, applied to an un- trained hawk. [Fr. — Ger. hager, lean — hag, a thicket.] Haggard, hag'ard, adj. lean : hollow-eyed. — adv. Hagg'ardly. [Lit. 'hag-like.' See Hag.] Haggis, hag'is, n. a Scotch dish made of different parts of sheep or lamb chopped up with suet, onions, oatmeal, S:c., and boiled in a sheep's maw. [Scot, hag, to chop, E. Hack ; cf. Fr. hachis, from hacker. \ [ishly. Haggish, hag'ish, adj. hag-like.— «(/w. Hagg'- Haggle, hag'l, v.t. to cut unskilfully : to mangle. [Freq. of Hack, to cut] Haggle, hag'l, 71. i. to be slow and hard in making a bargain : to stick at trifles.— «. Hagg^ler. [Prob. same as above.] Hagiographa, hag- or ha-ji-og'raf-a, Hagiog- raphy, hag- or ha-ji-og'raf-i, 7i.pl. the last of the three Jewish divisions of the Old Testament, comprehending the books of Psalms, Proverbs, Job, Daniel, Ezra, Nehemiah, Ruth, Esther, Chron., Cant., Lament., Eccles. — adj. Hagiog'- raphal. [Gr. hagiographa (biblia) — hagios, holy, grapho, to write. ] EagiOgl'apher. hag- or ha-ji-og'raf-er, «. one of the writers of the Hagiographa^ a sacred writer. HagiolOgy, hag-orha-ji-ol'oj-i, «. history of saints. [Gr. hagios, holy, and logos, discourse.] Hah, ha, int. Same as Ea. Haha, iiaha', n. Same as Hawhaw. Half-blooded Hail, hal, int. or imp. (lit.) may you be in health, [Ice. heill, hale, healthy, much used in greeting. See Hale, Healthy, Heal, and Whole.] Hail, hil, v.t. to greet : to call to, at a distance : to address one passing. [Same word as above.] Hail, hal, fi. frozen rain or particles of ice lalling from the clouds. — v.t. to rain hail. [M. E. hawel — A.S. hagal : Ger. hagel, and in most other Teut. languages.] [like hail. Hailshot, hal'sho., n. small shot which scatters Hailstone, hal'ston, «. a single stone or ball oihail. Hair, har, «. a filament growing from the skin of an animal : the whole mass of hairs which forms a covering for the head or the whole body : [hot. ) minute hair-like processes on the cuticle of plants : anything very small and fine. — adj. Hair'leSS. [A.S. hcer, a common Teut. word.] Hairbreadth, hsr'bredth, Hair's-breadth, harz'- bredth, «. the breadth of a hair : a very small distance. Haircloth, har'kloth, n. cloth made partly or entirely of hair. [of a few fine hairs. Hair-pencil, har'-pen'sil, H. an artist's brush made Hair-powder, har'-pow'der, H. a white powder for dusting the hair. [minute distinctions. Hair-splitting, har'-split'ing, «. the art of making Hairspring, bar' spring, n. a very fine /;«i>-like spring on the balance-wheel of a watch. Hairstroke, har'strok, «. in writing, a stroke or line as fine as a hair. Hair-trigger, har'-trig'er, }i. a trigger which dis- charges a gun or pistol by a hairlike spring. Hairworm, har'wurm, n. a worm, like a horse- hair, which lives in the bodies of certain insects. Hairy, har'i, adj. of or resembling hair: covered with hair. — n. Hairiness. Hake, hak, HakOt, hak'ut, u. a sea-fish of the cod family. [Lit. the 'hooked fish,' A.S. hacod, Norw. hake-fisk, Ger. hccht, a pike.] Halberd, hal'berd, «. a polcaxe : a weapon con- sisting of an axe and heavy dagger fixed on a pole. [Fr. hallebarde — O. Ger. Iicbnharte (Ger. hellebarte), the long-handled axe, from O. Ger. habn, a handle, barte, an a.xe.] Halberdier, hal-berd-er', >i. one .armed with a halbet'd. Halcyon, hal'si-un, n. the kingfisher, a bird that was once believed to make a floating nest on the sea, which remained calm while it was hatching. — adj. calm : peaceful : happy. — HenceHalcyon- days, a time of peace and happiness. [L. — Gr. alkyon, halkyon ; the fancied ety., with which the fable is associated, is from hals, the sea, and kyo, to conceive, to br'.'d ; true ety. dub., prob. correctly spelt alkyo,,, without an aspirate, and conn, with alcedo, the true L. name for the bird.] Hale, hal, adj., healthy: robu.st : sound of body. [M. E. heil—lcc heill; cog. with ■'(^Hiole.] Hale, hal, v.t. to drag. [A variant of Haill.] Half, haf (pi. Halves, hiivz), «. one of two equal parts. — adj. having or consisting of one of two equal parts : being in part : incomplete, as measures. — adv. in an equal part or degree : in part : imperfectly. [A.S. healf, /ml/; the word is found in all the Teut. languages ; there is also a parallel form healf, sig. side or part, which may have been the original meaning. See Behalf.] Half-blood, haf-blud, n. relation between those who are of the same father or mother, but not of both. Half-blooded, haf'-blud'ed, Half-breed, hiif'-bred, adj. produced from a male and female of differ- ent blood or breeds. H fate, iar ; mfi, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute : mCon ; tksa. 217 Half-brea Balf-bred, haf'-bred, adj., half or not well bred r trained : warning in refinement. Half-brother, lKif'-biu///'cr, Half-sister, haf'-sis'- t(5r, //. a brotlwr or sister by one parent only. Half-caste, h;if'-kast, «. a person one of whose parents belongs to a Hindu caste, and the other IS a European. Half-cock, haf'-kok, n. the position of the cock of a gini when retained by the first notch. Half-moon, haf'-mOOn, H. the moon at the quar- ters when but halfoi it is illuminated : anything semicircular. [military officers. Half- pay, haf'-pa, «. reduced pay. as of naval or Halfpenny, hapen-i (//. Halfpence, haf'pens or ha'pens), ?/. a copper coin worth ha// a penny : the value of half a penny. — «. Halfpenny- Worth, the luorth oc value of a halfpenny. Half-tint, haf'-tint, n. an intermediate tint. Half-way, haf'-wa, adv. at half the way or dis- tance : imperfectly. — adj. equally distant from two points. [intellect : silly. Half-witted, haf'-wit'ed, adj. weak in wit or Half-yearly, haf'-yer'li, adj. occurring at every Italf-year or twice in a year. — adv. twice in a year. Halibut, hal'i-but, «. the largest kind of flat-fishes. [M. E. Jiali, holy, and butte, a flounder, plaice, the fish being much eaten on fast- or holy-days ; cf Dut. heitbot, Ger. /lei/butt.] Hall, hawl, n. a large room or passage at the entrance of a house : a large chamber for public busine.ss : an edifice in which courts of justice are held : a manor-house (so called because courts of justice used to be held in them): tlie edifice of a college : at Oxford, an unendowed college: at Cambridge, a college. [A.S. /leal, a word found in most Tent, languages, which has passed also into Fr. halie, from the root of A.S. helan, to cover; allied to L. cella; not conn with L. anla^ flalleluiah, Hallelujah, hal-e-loo'ya, n. an ex- pression of praise. [Heb. ' Praise ye Jehovah,' haleln, praise ye, and fah, Jehovah, God.] Halliard. See Halyard. Hall-mark, hawl'-mark, n. the mark made on plate at Goldsmiths' Hall to shew its purity. Halloo, hal-loo', int., n. a hunting cry : a cry to draw attention. — v.i. to cry after dogs : to raise an outcry. — -'.t. to encourage or chase with shouts. [From the sound, like A.S. eala, Fr. halle ! Ger. halloh.'] Hallow, hal'o, v.t. to make holy: to set apart for religious use: to reverence. [A.S. halgian, haligan — halig, holy ; conn, with Hale, Heal, Holy, Whole.] [Hallows or AU-Saints'-Day. Halloween, hal'o-en, «. the evening before AU- Hallowmas, hal'o-mas, n. the niass or feast of All-HalLnvs. [HallOW and Mass.] Hallucination, hal-lu-sin-a'shun, n. error : delu- sion : [-incd.] perception of things that do not exist. [L. haltucitiatio—hallucinor, ahtciuor, -atiim, to wander in mind.] Hallucinatory, hal-lu'sin-a-tor-i, adj. partaking of or tending to produce hallucination. Halo, ha'lo, «. a luminous circle round the sim or moon, caused by the refraction of light through mist: (paint.) the bright ring round the heads of holy persons :—//. Halos, ha'lOz. [L. halos — ■ Gr. halos, a round thrashing-floor.] Halser, hawz'er, «. See Hawser. Halt, hawlt, v.t. (_>nil.) to cause to cease march- ing.— z/./. to stop from going on : (mil.) to stop in a march : to limp : (B.) to be in doubt : to hesitate : to walk lamely. — adj. lame. — n. a Hand stopping : (mil.) a stop in marching. [A.S. healt ; Ice. Iialtr, Dan. and Swed. halt.] Halter, hawk'cr, «. a head-rope for holding and le.ading a horse: a rope tor hanging criminals : a strong strap or cord. — v.t. to caich or bind with a rope. [A.S. Iiealfter; Ger. halfter; the root is uncertain.] Halting, hawlt'ing, adj. holding back : stopping : limping;. — adv. Haltingly. [parts. Halve, hav, v.t. to divide into halves or two equal Halved, havd, adj. divided into halves: (hot.) appearing as if one side were cut away. Halyard, Halliard, hal'yard, «. [naut.) a rope by which yards, sails, &c. are hauled or hoisted. [See Yard and Hale, 7'.] Ham, ham, «. the hind part or inner bend of the knee : the thigh of an animal, esp. of a hog salted and dried. [A.S. hamm ; Ger. hainvic, O. Ger. hamina, from root ha7n or kam, to bend, Celt, cam, crooked, bent.] Hamadryad, ham'a-dn-ad, «. (myth.) a dryad or wood-nymph, who lived and A\^A along -.vith the tree in which she dwelt : — J>1. Ham'adryads and Hamadry'ades (-ez). [Gr. hamadryas — haina, together, drrs, a tree.] Hamitic, ham-il'ik, adj. pertaining to Ham, a sou of Noah, or to his descendants. Hamlet, ham'let, «. a cluster of houses in the country: a small village. [O. Fr. hamel {Vr. havieau), and dim. affix -et — from the O. Ger. chain, Ger. heim, A.S. ham, a dwelling; E. home : conn, also with Gr. koine, a village. See Home.] Hammer, ham'er, n. a tool for beating, or driving nails : anything like a hammer, as the part of a clock that strikes the bell : the baton of an auctioneer. — v.t. to drive or shape with a ham- mer : to contrive by intellectual labour. [A.S. hamor ; Ger. hammer. Ice. hamarr.] Hammercloth. ham'er-kloth, «. the cloth which covers a coach-box. [An adaptation of Dut. licinel, heaven, a covering; Ger. /j/>«W£'/(Skeat).] Hammerman, liam'er-man, «. a man who ham- mers. Hammock, ham'uk, n. a piece of strong cloth ot netting suspended by the corners, and used as 3 bed by sailors. [Hajnaca, an American Indian word, meaning a net.] Hamper, ham'per, v.t. to impede or perplex : to shackle. — «. a chain or fetter. [A corr. through M. E. hamelen and obs. hamhle from A.S. hamelian, to maim, the root of which is seen in Guth. hanfs, maimed, Scot, hummel cow, i.e. maimed, deprived of its horns.] Hamper, ham'per, n. a large basket for conveying goods. — v.t. to put in a hamper. [Contr. from Hanaper.] Hamster, ham'ster, «. a species of rat provided with cheek-pouches. [Ger.] Hamstring, ham'string, n. the string or tendon of the ham. — v.t. to lame by cutting the hamstring. Hanaper, han'a-per, n. a large strong basket for packing goods, esp. crockery : (orig. ] 3. royal treasure-basket : a treasury or exchequer. [Low L. haiiapernim, a large vessel for keeping cups in — O. Fr. hanap, a drmking-cup — O. Ger. hnapf, Ger. napf, A.S. hniep, a bowl.] Hand, hand, n. the extremity of the arm below the wrist : that which does the duty of a hand by pointing, |^s the hand of a clock : the fore- foot of a horse : a measure of four inches : an agent or workman : performance : power or manner of performing : skill : possession : style of handwriting : side : direction. — v.t. to give 218 (ate, far ; me, her ; mine - mSte ; mute ; mooQ ; //ten. Hand-barrow with the hand : to lead or conduct : [nau/.] to furl, as sails.—;/. Hand'er. — Eand down, to transmit in succession.- -Handover head, rashly. — Hand to mouth, without tliought for the future, precariously. — Off Hand or Out of Hand, imniedi-itely. — To hear a Hand, make haste to help. [.\.S. Juind ; found in all the Teut. languages, and perh. from the base of A.S. lientiiH, Goth, hinthan, to seize.] Hand-barrow, hand'-bar'6, K. a barrow, without a wheel, carried by the hands of men. Handbill, handbil, «. a bill or pruning-hook used in the hand : a bill or loose sheet, with some announcement. Handbook, handbook, n. a manual or book of relerence for the hatid: a guide-book for travellers. Handbreadth, handTiredth, n. the breadth of a hand ■ a palm. [hand. Handcart, hand'kart, n. a small carl drawn by Handcuff, hand'kuf, «. a cuff or fetter for the hand. — v.t. to put handcuffs on :—pr.p. hand'cuffing ; pa.p. hand'cuffed (-kuft). [A.S. handcosp, handcops — hand, and cosp, a letter, the latter being modified by confusion with Cuff.] Handful, hand fool, n. as much sls fills the hand: a small number or quantity : — ■//. Hand'fUlS. Hand-gallop, hand -gal'up, ft. an easy gallof>, in which the speed of the horse is restrained by the luiiid pressing the bridle. Handglass, hand'glas, H. a glass or small glazed frame used to protect plants, able to be lifted by the hand. [thrown by the hatid. Hand-grenade, hand'-gre-nad', n. a. grenade to be Handicap, handi-kap, n. a race in which the horses carry different weights, or are placed at difterent distances, or start at diflerent times, so that all shall have, as nearly as possible, an equal chance of winning. [Orig. applied to a method of settling a bargain or exchange by arbitration, in which each of the parties e.x- changing put his hand containing money into a cap, while the terms of the award were being stated, the award being settled only if money was found in the hands of both when the arbiter called ' Draw.'] Handicraft, hand'i-kraft, n. a craft, ttade, or work performed by the liaud. Handicraftsman, hand'i-krafts-man, n. a man skilled in a liandicraft or manual occupation. Handiwork, Handywork, hand'i-wurk, n. work done by the luinds : work of skill or wisdom. [A.S. handgeiveorc — hand, hand, and geweorc, anocher form oiweorc, work.] Handkerchief, hang'ker-chif, n. a piece of cloth for wiping the nose, &c. : a neckerchief [Hand and Kerchief.] Handle, hand'l, v.t. to touch, hold, or use with the liand: to make familiar by frequent touching : to manage : to discuss : to practise. — v.i. to use the hands. [A.S. handlian, from Hand.] Handle, hand'!, n. that part of anything held in the hand: [jig.) that of which use is made : a tool. Handless, handles, adj. without hands. Handmaid, hand'mad. Handmaiden, hand'mad-n, 71. a female servant. Handsel, hand'sel, n. money for something sold given into the hands of another : the first sale or using of anything : a first instalment or ear- nest : a new-year's gift. — v.t. to give a handsel : to use or do anything the first time. [A.S. kandselen, a giving into hands — liatid, and sellan, to give, whence E. sell.^ Harbinger Handsome, hand'sum or han'sum, adj. good-loo?{- ing : with dignity: liberal or noble: generous: ample.— ac'i/. Hand'somely — «. Hand'some- ness. [Hand, and affix some : Dut. handzaani, easily handled.] Handspike, hand'spTk, «. a spike or bar used with the hand as a lever. Handstaves, hand'stavz, n.pl. [B.) staves for the lutnd, probably javelins. Handwriting, h.ind'rlt-ing, «. the style of writing peculiar to each hand or person : writing. Handy, hand'i, adj. dexterous : ready to the hand: convenient: near. [A.S. hendig, from Hand ; Dut. handig, Dan. ha:ndig.\ Handywork. Same as Handiwork. Hang, hang, v.t. to hook or fix to some high point : to suspend : to decorate with pictures, &c. as a wall : to put to death by suspending, and chok- ing. — v.i. to be hanging so as to allow of free motion : to lean, or rest for support : to drag : to hover or impend : to be in suspense : to linger : — P^-P- hanging ; pa.t. and pa.p. hanged' or hung. [A.S. hangian, causal form o{ lion, pa.p. hangen; Dut. and Ger. Iiangen, Goth. hahan.\ Hanger, hang'er, «. that on which anything is hung : a short sword, curved near the point. Hanger-on, hang'er-on, ?i. one who hangs on or sticks to a person or place : an importunate acquaintance : a dependent. Hanging, hang'ing, adj. deserving death by hang- ing. — n. death by the halter: that which is hung, as drapery, &c. : — used chiefly in //. — Hang-dog, adj. like a fellow that deserves hang' ing, as in 'a hang-dog look.' Hangman, hang'man, n. a public executioner. Hank, hangk, ?i. (lit.) that by which anything is hang or fastened : two or more skeins of thread tied together. [Ice. hanii, cord ; Ger. heiikel, a handle, henken, to hang ; from root of Haqg.] Hanker, hangk'er, v.i. to long for witli eagerness and uneasiness : to linger about. [A freq. of Hang, in the sense of to hang on ; cf Dut. hiinkeren. ] Hanseatic, han-se-at'ik, adj. pertaining to the Hanse cities in Germany, which leagued together for protection about the 12th century. [O. Fr. hanse, league — O. Ger. hansa, troop, association.] Hansom-cab, han'sum-kab, n. a light two-wheeled cab or carriage with the driver's seat raised be- hind. [From the name of the inventor.] Hap, hap, n. chance : fortune : accident. [Ice. happ, good-luck.] Hap-hazard, hap'-haz'ard, K. that which happens by hazard: chance, accident. [Haplessly. Hapless, hap'les, adj. unlucky : unhappy.— ^?e/. Haply, hap'li, adv. by hap, ch r.ce, or accident : perhaps : it may be. Happen, hap'n, v.i. to fall out : to take place. Happy, hap'i, adj. lucky, successl'ul : possessing or enjoymg pleasure or good : secure of good : furnishing enjoyment : dexterous. — adv. Happ'- ily.—«. Happiness. [See Hap.] Harangue, ha-rang', n. a loud speech addressed to a multitude : a popular, pompous address. — v.i. to deliver a harangue. — v.t. to address by a harangue : — pr.p. haranguing (-rang'ing) ; pa.p. harangued (-rangd').— ?/. Harang'uer. [Fr., from O. Ger. hring (Ger. ring, A.S. hring], a ring, a ring of people assembled.] Harass, har'as, v.t. to fatigue: to annoy or tor- ment.—?/. Har'asser. [Fr. liarasser: prob. from O. Fr. harer, to incite a dog, from the cry har, made in inciting a dog to attack.] Harbinger, har'biu-jer, «. (orig.) one who goes fate, far ; mS, her ; mine ; mOte ; muie ; mSOn ; thea. 219 Harbour forward to provide Iiarbour or lodging : a fore- runner.— z/. A to precede, as a harbinger. [M E /icrl^rge^ur^O. Fr. hcbcrg, (Fr.' aubcri;e)- O. Oer. lu-yeberga. See Harbour. J Harbour, h-irbur, «. any refuge or shelter: a port for ships.-z/./. to lodge or entertain : to protect ■ to possess or indulge, as thoughts.— r..j. to take shelter.-^.// Har bourless. [M. E. herbenve : prob through O. Fr. hcrberge from O. Ger. Iterebeyga^ ^ mihtary encampment, from lieri 'C-cr. /wr), and bergaii, to shelter; a similar form occurs m Ice.] Harbourage, hai^bur-aj, «. place of harbour- or H3rhonr«,.^"!f"'J"™''"'- [entertains. 5?vK^,J^ ^' 'l^'"'^",'-e'-. n. one who harbours or Harbour-master, t.^r'bur-mas'ter, «. the master or public officer ..lio has charge of a harbour. I 1 "'ji '^'^^ "°' *='''^''y penetrated : firm : sohd: difficult to understand or accomplish: difficult to be.^r: painful: unjust: difficult to please: unfeehng : .severe: stiff: constrained. —adv. ^ylth urgency: with difficulty: clo.se near as m Hard by; Hard-a-lee, i.e. close to the lee-side, &c. : earnestly: forcibly.— To die nara, to die only after a desperate struggle for Iife.-« Ha,rd'n8SS [B.], sometimes hardship. lA.S heard- V>nx.. hard, Ger. hart, Goth. /tardus; allied to Gr. kratys, strong.] Harden hard n, v.t. to make hard ox harder : to make firm : to strengthen : to confirm in wicked- ness : to make insensible.— f.z. to become hard or harder, either lit. or Jig.-,i. Hard'ener. lA. b. heardiaii. See Hard.] Hardened, hardnd, adj. made hard, unfeeline Hard-favoured, hard'-faVurd, adj. having coarse teatiires. Hard-featured, hard'-fet'urd, adj oUtard, coarse, or iorVAdd\ng/eat7eres. Hard-fisted, hard'-fist'ed, adj. having hard or strong^j?:r or hands : close-fisted: niggardly Hard-handed, hard'-hand'ed, adj. havin| /.«rrf or tongh hands: rough: severe. ftrent Hard-headed hard'-hed'ed, adj. shrewd, imelli- Hard-hearted, hard'-hart'ed, adj. having a hard or unfeeling heart: cruel.— «. Hard'-heart'ed- Eardihocd, Hardiness. See Hardy. Hardish, hard'ish, adj. so.i:eu'hat /la'yd. Hardly, hard h. adv. with difficulty : scarcely, not quite : severely, harshly. Hard-mouthed, hard-mow,V^d, adJ having a mo!cth hard or insensible to the bit : not elsilv managed. Hards, hardz, «.//. coarse or refuse flax Hardship, hard'ship, n. a hard state, or that which is hard to b'ar, as toil, injury, &c. 3ard-visaged, hard'- viz'ajd, «.(>■. oUhard. coarse, or torhiddinGT visage. HardTOl-e, hard'war «. trade name for all sorts of articles made of the baser metals, such as iron or copper. [Hard and Ware.] Hardy, hard'i, adj. daring, brave, resolute : con- fident : impudent: able to bear cold, exposure or fatigue— rtd-j.. Hardily— «j-. Hardihood' Hard'mess. [Fr /..r^,_6. Ger. /.,r//(Ger: i hart)-. A.S./t£ard,h!ird. See Hard.] I Hare har « a common and very timid animal, ,' with a divided upper lip and long hind-legs, I which runs swiftly by leaps. [A. S. hara ; oln and Sw. kare, Ger. hase .- Sans, caca—cac. to jump,] * ^ ' ' I HarebeU, har'bel, «. a plant with blue bell-shaped Harebrained, har'brand, adj. having Harness ^20 fate, far ; mS, h6r ; i-3iiapcu I me^^^^ scared brain like that of a hare: giddy; heed- HareUp, har'lip, «. a fissure in one or both ii*s, generally the upper, like that of a hare.-adj. Hare'lipped. ■' Harem, ha'rem, «. the portion of a house allotted to females in the East, forbidden to all males except the husband: the collection of wives belonging to one man. [Ar. haram, anything forbidden— /wrrtwa, to forbid.] Haricot, har'i-ko, n. small pieces of mutton, partlv boiled, and then fried with vegetables : tht kidney-bean. [Fr. haricot, a stew, a kidney- bean, so called because used in a stew: of unknown origin.] Hark^ hiirk, int. or imp., hearken, listen. [Contr. I Hari t^-?^''-^ ,. . [substance. 5f5ii •'■'' 't- ','^ -"■''" "^ fl^^ : =iny filamentous Harlequin, har'le-kwin or -kin, n. the leading character in a pantomime, in a tight spangled dress, with a wand, by means of which he is supposed to be invisible and to play tricks: a buffoon. [Fr. harlequin, arlequin ; It. arlec- chino ; ety. unknown.] Harlequinade, har'le-kwin- or -kin-ad', «. exhibi- tions of /Mr/^y/««^- ,■ the portion of a pantomime in which the harlequin plays a chief part. [Fr ] t J 'r !°'' "■ ^ ^voman who prostitutes her body for hire.— rt,;^'. wanton : lewd. [O Fr arlot, lierlot; origin dub., perh. from Ger. kcrl At), ceorl, the word being orig. used for a person ot either sex, and in the sense o{ fellow, a roezie I Harlotry, har'lot-ri, n. trade or practice of being a /«rt>-/y/ or prostitute : prostitution. Harm, harm, «. injury: moral wrong.— z/./. to in- jure. [A.S. heann; Ger. Aarjn, conn, with gram, grief.] Hamattan har-mat'an, n. a hot, drj-, noxious w-ind which blows periodically from the interior of Africa. [Arab.] ^ w^^; hf m'fool ««>•. injurious, hmthx\.~adv. Harm'fully.— «. Harm'fulness. Harmless harin'les, adJ not injurious : unharmed. —adv. Harm'lessly. - «. Harm'lessness. harmonic, har-mon'ik, Harmonlcal, har-mon'ik- al, adj. pertaining to harmony: musical : con- cordant : recurring periodically.-HarmoniC i'roportion, proportion in which the first is to the third as the difference between the first and second IS to the difference between the second and third, as in the three numbers 2, 5, and 6 — adv. Harmon'icaUy. Harmonics har-mon'iks, n.pl. used as sing, the science of harmony or of musical sounds :— as ft. consonances, the component sounds included m what appears to the car to be a single sound. Harmonious, har-mo'ni-us, adj. h-^vmg harmony : symmetrical : concordant.— a^z'z/. Harmo'ni- ously.— «. Harmo'niousness. Harmonise, har'mon-Iz, 7'.i. to be in harmony: to agree.— 7aA to make in harmony : to cause to .a,gree : {mus.) to provide parts to.— «. Harmon- iser. ["-w^." a musical composer. Harmonist, harmon-ist, n. one skilled in har- Harmonium, har-mo'ni-um, n. a musical wind- instrument with keys, so called from its harmo- nious sound. Harmony har'mo-ni, «. a^//»/^ together of parts so as^to form a connected whole : (7nus.) a com- bination of accordant sounds heard at the same time : concord : a book with parallel passages regarding the same event. [Fr.— L.— Gr. futr- monia—harmos, a fitting — aro, to fit.] Harness, har'nes, n. former ly, the armour of a iSte , mute ; mODn ; /Aen. 1i Harp mail or horse : the equipments of a horse. — v.t. to equip with armour : to put the harness on a horse. [Fr. hamais ; from the Celt., as in Low Bret, karnez, old iron, also armour, from Bret. houani, iron; W. luiiant., Gael, iarunn ; conn. with E. iron, Ger. eise/i, &c.] Harp, liiirp, n. a triangular musical instrument with strings struck by the fingers. — T.i. to play on the harp: to dwell tediously upon anything. [A.S. )u:arpe ; Dan. Iiarpe, Ger. har/e.\ Harper, harp'er, Harp'ist, harp'ist, n. a player on the liarp. Harpoon, har-poon', «. a dart for striking and killing whales. — v.t. to strike with the harpoon. [Dut. }uirpoen—Yx. lic'//>on ; origin uncertain, perh. from O. Ger. hn.,-fan, to seize.] Harpooner, har-poon'er, Harponeer, har-pon-er', «. one who uses a hai'poon. Harpsicliord, harp'si-kord, «. an old-fashioned keyed musical instrument stining with chords or wires, like a Juirp. [O. Fr. karpe-cliorde. See Harp and Ciord] Harpy, narpi, «. (myth.) a hideous rapacious mon.ster, half bird and half woman : a species of eagle : an extortioner. [Gr., pi. harpyiai, 'snatchers,' symbols of the storm- wind — harpazo, to seize.] [bus, n. Same as Arquebuse. Harquebus, Harquebuse, Harquebuss, har'kwi- Harrldan, har'i-dan, n. a worn-out strumpet. [Another form of O. Fr. Jiaridelle, a lean horse, a jade, ety. unknown.] Harrier, har'i-er, «. a hare-\iO\m.6., a dog with a keen smell, for hunting hares. [Formed like g'raz-i-er. ] Harrier, har'i-er, n. a kind of hawk so named from its harrying' or destroying small animals. Harrow, har'O, n. a frame of wood or iron toothed with spikes for tearing and breaking the soil, &c. — v.t. to draw a harrow over : to harass : to tear. — adj. Earr'OWing, acutely distressing to the mvaA.—r.dv. Harr'owlEgly. [A.'S.kyrwe, a. harrow ; Dan. harv, a harrow.] Harry, har'i, v.t. to plunder: to ravage: to destroy : to harass : — pr.p. harrying ; pa.p. harr'ied. [A.S. hergian, from root o*" A.S. ke7-e, gen. herg-es, an army : Ger. heer.^ Harsh, harsh, adj. rough : bitter : jarring : abu- sive : severe— «(/z'. Harshly.— «. Harsh'nsss. [M. E. harsk; from a root found in Dan. harsk, rancid, Ger. karsch, hard.] Hart, hart, n. the stag or male deer :—fem. Hind. [Lit. 'a homed animal,' from .'^.S. Iieort ; Dut. furt, Ger. hirsch; conn, with L. cervus, W. car2«, a stag, also with Gr. keras, E. /wm.} Hartshorn, harts'hom, n. a solution of ammonia, orig. a decoction of the shavings of a hart's tiorn. Hartstongue, harts'tung, n. a species of fern shaped like the tongue of a !iart. Hanim-scarum, ha'rum-ska'rum, adj. flighty : rash. [Prob. compounded of an obs. v. hare, to affright, and Scare.] Harvest, har'vest, n. the time of gathering in the crops OT fruits : the crops gathered in: fruits: the product of any labour: consequences. — v.t. to reap and gather in. [A.S. haer/est ; Ger. Iierbst, Dut. herfst ; conn, with L. carpo, to gather fruit, Gr. kar/ios, fruit.] Harvester, hai-'vest-er, n. a reaper in harvest. Harvest-home, harVest-hom, n. the feast held at the bringing home of the harvest. [harvest. Harvest-man, har'vest-man, n. \B.) a labourer in Harvest-moon, har'vest-moon, «. the vioon about the full in harvest, when it rises nearly at the same hour for several days. Hattl-sherifl Harvest-queen, har'vest-kwcn, n. an image of Ceres, the queen or goddess of fruits, in ancient times carried about on the last day of harvest. Has, haz, 3d pers. sing. pres. ind. of Have. Hash, hash, v.t. to hack: to mince: to chop small. — n. that which is hasligd : a mi.xed dish of meat and vegetables in small pieces : a mi.\ture and preparation of old m.atter. [Fr. Iiacher— Ger. hacken ; same root as E. had: ] Hashish, hash'esh, «. name given to the leaves of the Indian hemp, from which a strongly intox- icating preparation i^ made. [An] Hasp, hasp, «. a clasp : the clasp of a padlock. — zi.t. to fasten with a hasp. [A.S. hcEpse ; Dan. and Ger. haspe.] Hassock, has'uk, n. a thick mat for kneeling on in church. [W. hesgog, sedgy, hesg, sedge, rushes ; from being made of coarse grass.] Hast, hast, 2d pers. sing. pres. ind. of Have. Hastate, hast'at, Hastated, hast'at-ed, adj. [bot.) shaped likeaj/far. [L. hastatns — //a.f/'«, aspear.'' Haste, hast, n. speed : quickness : rashness : vehe- mence. [From a Teut. root, seen in Sw., Dan., and Ger. hast, whence also Fr. h&te. See Hate.] Haste, hast. Hasten, has'n, z>.t. to put to speed : to hurry on : to drive forward. — v.i. to move with speed : to be in a hurry : — P>r.p. hast'ing, hasten- ing (has'ning) ; pa.p. hast'ed, hastened (has'nd). Hastiness, hast'i-nes, 71. hurry : rashness : irrita- bility, [passionate. — adv. Hast'ily. Hasty, hast'i, adj. speedy : quick : rash : eager : Hat, hat, n. a covering for the head : the dignity of a cardinal, so named from his red hat. [A.S. hcet : Dan. hat. Ice. hattr; conn, with Sans. chhad, to cover.] Ratable, hat'a-bl, adj. deserving to be hated. Hatch, hach, «. a door with an opening over it, a wicket or door made of cross bars : the covering of a hatchway. [North E. heck, from A.S. haca, the bar of a door ; Dut. hek, a gate.] Hatch, hach, v.t. to produce, especially from eggs, by incubation: to originate: to plot. — v.i. to produce young : to be advancing towards matur- ity. — >i. act of hatching : brood hatched. [Lit. to produce young by sitting in a hatch or coop, a hatch being anything made of cross bars of wood (Skeat), and hence the same word as Hatch, a door.] Hatch, hach, V. t. to shade by minute lines cross- ing each other in drawing and engraving. — n. Hatch'lng, the mode of so shading. [Fr, hacher, to chop, from root of Hack.] Hatchel, hach'el, n. Same as Hackle. Hatchet, hach'et, n. a small a.\e. [Fr. hachette See Hatch, to shade.) Hatchment, hach'ment, 71. the escutcheon of 3- dead person placed in front of the house, &c. [Corrupted from Achievement.] Hatchway, hach'wa, n. the opening in a ship's deck into the hold or from one deck to another. Hate, hat, v.t. to dislike intensely. — «. extreme dislike : hatred. — «. Hat'er. [A.S. hatian, to hate ; Ger. hassen, Fr. hair ; conn, with L. odisse, and Gr. kedo, to vex. Hate is from the same root as Haste, and orig. meant to pursue, then to persecute, to dislike greatly.] Hateful, hat 'fool, adj. exciting hate : odious : detestable : feeling or manifesting hate. — adv. Hatefully.— «. Hate'fulness. [lignity. Hatred, hat'red, n. extreme dislike: enmity: ma- Hatted, hat'ed, adj. covered with a hat. Hatter, hat'er, n. one who makes or sells hats. Hatti-sheriff, hat'i-sher'if, n. a Turkish decree of the highest authority. [Ar., ' noble writing.'] fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; m5te ; mute ; mSSn ; Men. 221 Hauberk Hauberk, hawTiirk, n. a coat of mail formed of rings inierwoven. [O. Fr. hauberc—O. Ger. hah- t'fjs:,- — hals, the neck, auJ bergan, to protect.] Haughty, hawt'i, adj. proud : arrogant : con- temptuous.— ^erfz/. Haughtily. — }i. Haughti- ness. [M. E. hautein—O. l'"r. hautaiii, liaut, high— L. altits, high.] Haul, hawl, v.t. to drag: to pull with violence.— «. a pulling: a draught, as of fishes.- w.Haul'er. [A. S. holian, to get ; Ger. Iioisn, Dut. luiUn, to fetch or draw.] Haulage, hawl'aj, n. act of Jiaulin^: charge for hauling or pulling a ship or boat. Haulm, Haum, hawm, «. straw: stubble. [A.S. Iieahn ; Dut. haiiii, Russ. solotna, ¥t. duiunic, L. calamus, Gr. kalainos, a reed.] Haunch, hansh, n. the part between the last rib and the thigh: the hip. [Fr. liancJie — O. Ger. ancha, the leg, of the same root as Ankle.] Haunt, hant, V. t. to frequent ; to follow importu- nately : to inhabit or visit as a ghost. — 2:i, to be much about : to appear or visit frequently. — n. a place much resorted to. [Fr. hanter ; ace. to Littre, a corn of L. /mbitare.] Hautboy, hO'boi, n. a /i;^/i-toned wooden wind- instrument, of a tapering tube, and having holes and keys, also called Oboe (o'bo-i) : a large kind of strawberry. [Fr. hanllwis — liaiit, high, bois, wood ; It. oboe — L. alius, high, and Low L. boscus, a bush. See Bush.] Have, hav, v.t. to own or possess: to hold: to regard : to obtain : to bear or beget : to effect : to be affected hy.—fr.p. hav'ing ; pa.t. and pa.p. had. [A. S. habban ; Ger. haben, Dan. have; allied to L. capio, to take, Gr. kope, a handle.] Haven, hSVn, «. an inlet of the sea, or mouth of a river, where ships can get good and safe anchor- age : any place of safety: an asylum. [A.S. kiefeue; Dut. Jiaven, Ger. hafeti. Ice. hofn, Fr. hazire, O. Fr. havle; from Teut. base liab in Have.] Haversack, hav'er-sak, «. a bag of strong linen for a soldier's provisions. [Lit. 'oat-sack,' Fr. havresac — Ger. habersack — haber ox liafer, Dan. havre, prov. E. haver, oats, and Sack.] Havoc, hav'uk, n. general waste or destruction : devastation. — v.t. to lay waste. — int. an ancient hunting or war cry. [Ety. dub. ; cL A.S- haj'oc, a hawk, and W. hafog, destruction, which prob. is derived from the E.J Haw, haw, «. (prig.') a hedge or inclosure : the berry of the hawthorn. [A. S. haga, a yard or inclosure ; Dut. haag, a hedge, Ice. hagi, a field. See Hedge.] Haw, haw, v.i. to speak with a haw or hesitation. — «. a hesitation in speech. [Formed from the sound.] Hawfinch, haw'finsh, n. a species of grossbeak, a very shy bird, with variegated plumage, living chiefly in forests. [See HaW, a hedge.] Hawhaw, haw-haw', n. a sunk fence, or a ditch not seen till close upon it. [Reduplication of Haw, a hedge.] Hawk, hawk, n. the name of several birds of prey allied to the falcons. [A.S. hafoc; Dut. havik, Ger. habickt. Ice. hnukr; fiom Teut. root kab, to seize, seen in E. Have.] Hawk, hawk, v.i. to hunt birds with hawks trained for the purpose : to attack on the wing.—?;. Hawk'er. Hawk, hawk, v.i. to force up matter from the throat. — n. the effort to do this. [W. liochi ; Scot, haugh; formed from the sound.] Headland Hawk, hawk, z'./. to carry about for sale: to cry for sale, [bee Hawker.] Hawker, hawk'er, K. one who carries about goods for sale on his back, a peddler. [From an O. Low Ger. root found in O. Dut. keukeren, to hawk, and Ger. hdker, a hawker; conn, with Huckster.] Hawse, hawz, «. th situation of the cables in front of a ship's bow when she has two anchors out forward : — /■/. the holes in a ship's bow through which the cables pass. [M. E. hals, A.S. hals or heals, the neck, applied to the cor- responding part of a ship ; Ice. and Ger. hals.] Ha.wseholes, hawz'holz. See Hawse. Hawser, Halser, hawz'er, ?t. a small cable : a large towline. I From hawse, meaning orig. the rope which passes through the hawses at the bow of a ship.] Hawthorn, haw'thom, n. the hedge or white thorn, a shrub with shining leaves, and small red fruit called haws, much used for hedges. Hay, ha, «. grass after it is cut down and dried. [A.S. /leg, hig; Ger. heu. Ice. hey; from root of Hew.] [in the field. Eaycock, li.lTiok, n. a cock or conical pile of /lay Hay-fever, ha-fc'ver, u. an ailment in time of haymaking marked by excessive irritation of the nose, throat, &u., and accompanied with violent sneezing. [and drying grass for hay. Haymaker, hamak-er, «. one employed in cutting Hazard, haz'ard, «. a game or throw at dice : chance : accident : risk. — v.t. to expose to chance: to risk. [Fr. hasard ; prob. through the Sp. from Arab, al zar. the die ; but Littre prefers to derive it from Hazart, a castle in Syria where the game was discovered during the crusades.] Hazardous, haz'ard- us, a^'. dangerous: perilous: uncertain. — adv. Haz'ardously. Haze, haz, n. vapour which renders the air thick : obscurity. [Ety. dub.] Hazel, ha'zl, 71. a well-known tree or shrub. — adj. pertaining to the hazel : of a light-brown colour, like a hazel-nut. [A.S. tuEsel : Ger. hasel, L. coriilus [iot cosulits).] [nut. Hazelly, ha'zel-i, adj. light-brown like the hazel- Hazel-nut, hJ'zl-nut, «. the nut of the hazel-tree. Hazy, haz'i, adj. thick with liaze. — n. Haz'inesS. He, he, pron. of the third person : the male person named before: any one. — adj. male. [A.S. he; Dut. hij. Ice. liann.] Head, hed, n. the uppermost or foremost part of an animal's body : the brain ; the understanding : a chief or leader : the place of honour or com- mand : the front : an individual : a topic or chief point of a discourse : the source or spring : height of the source of water : highest point of anything: a cape: strength. [A.S. heafod ; Ger. luiupt, L. caput, Gr. kephale.} Head, hed, v.t. to act as a head to, to lead or govern: to go in front of: to commence: to check : (naut.) to be contrary. — v.i. to grow to a head : to originate. Headache, hed'ak, n. an ache or pain in the head. Headband, hed'band, n. a band or fiilet for the head : the band at each end oi a book. Head-dress, hed'-dres, n. an ornamental dress or covering for the head, worn by womv^n. Headgear, hed'ger, «. gear, covering, or orna- ment of the head. Headiness. See under Heady. [head. Heading, hed'ing, n. that which stands at the Headland, hed'land, «. a point of land ruiming out into the sea, like a liead, a cape. 222 fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mote ; mfite : moon ; Men. Headless Headless, hed'les, adj. without a head. Headlong, hed long, adT. with the liead first : wiiliouc thought, ra^-hly : precipitately. — adj. rash : precipitous, steep. [Head aiiJ adv. termination -inga, linga, seen also in Darkling, Sidelong, and in Learn-ing.] [vanced. Headmost, hed'most, adj., most aliead or ad- Headpiece, hed'pes, «. a ^iece of armour for the Iliad, a helmet. Headquarters, hed'kwor-terz, «. the quarters or residence of a cominander-m-chief or general. Headsman, hedz'man, n, a vtan who cuts oflf lieads, an executioner. Headstall, hed'stawl, «. the part of a bridle round the head. [From Stall, a place or receptacle.] Headstone, hed'ston, «. the principal stotie of a building : the comer-stone : the stone at the head of a grave. Headstrong, hed'strong, adj. self-willed : violent. Headway, hed'wa, «. the way or distance gone aliead or advanced : motion of an advancing ship. [against a ship's Jiead. Headwind, hed'wind, n. a wind blowing right Heady, hed'i, adj. affecting the head or the brain : intoxicating : inflamed : rash. — a^iv. Head'ily. —)j. Head'iness. Heal, hel, v.t. to make uilwle and healthy: to cure : to remove or subdue : to restore to soundness : (B.) often, to forgive. — v.i. to grow sound •.^pr.p. heal'ing ; pa.p. healed'. — n. Heal'er. [A.S. ki^lan, as Haeland, the Healer, Saviour; from A.S. hal, whole; Ger. Iwil. Whole is simply another form of the A.S. root. See Hail, Hale.] Healing, hel'ing, «. the act or process by which anything is Jiealed or cured. — adj. tending to cure : mild. — ad-v. Heal'ingly. Health, helth, n.,'wlwle>iess or soundness of body : soundness and vigour of mind : [B.) salvation, or divine favour. [A.S. Jualth — hal, whole.] Healthful, helth'fool, adj. full of or enjoying Jiealth : indicating health : wholesome : salutary. —adz: Health'fully.— «. Health'fiilness. Healthless, helth'les, Oi/j. sickly, ailing. — «. Health'lessness. Healthy, helth'i, adj. in a state of good health : conducive to health : sound : vigorous. — adv. Health'ily.— «. Healthiness. Heap, hep, «. a pile or mass heaved or thrown to- gether : a collection : (i?.) a ruin. — 7'.t. to throw in a heap or pile : to amass : to pile above the top: — /""./>. heap'ing; />a.jt>. heaped'. [A.S. heap; Ice. Iwpr, Ger. haiife.\ Hear, her, v.t. to perceive by the ear: to listen to : to grant or obey : to answer favourably : to attend to : to try judicially. — v.i. to have the sense of hearing : to listen : to be told : — pr.p. hear'ing ; pa.t. and pa.p. heard (herd). — n. Hear'er. [A.S. hyran; Ice. heyra, Ger. /wren, Goth, kaitsjan.1 Hearing, her'ing, n. act of perceiving by the ear : the sense of perceiving sound : opportunity to be hesrd : reach of the ear. Hearken, hark'n, v.i. to /tear attentively : to listen : to grant. [A.S. hyrcnian, from Hear ; O. Dut. Iiarcken, Ger. horchen.^ [port. Hearsay, her'sa, ;/. common talk : rumour : re- Hearse, hers, «. (orig.) a triangular framework for holding candles at a church service, and esp. at a funeral service : a carriage in which the dead are conveyed to the grave. [Fr. hcrse. It. erpice — L. hirpex, hirpicis, a harrow, which, from its triangular shape, gave rise to the derived meanings.] Heave Heart, hart, «. the organ that circulates the blood : the vital, inner, or chief part of anything : the seat of the affections, &c., esp. love : courage : vigour : secret meaning or design : that which resembles a heart [A.S. heorte ; Dut. hart, Ger. herz; cog. with L. cor, cordis, Gr. kardia, ker. Sans, hrid.] Heartache, hjirt'ak, «. sorrow : anguish. Heart-breaking, hart'-brak'ing, adj. crushing with grief or sorrow. [or grieved. Heart-broken, hart'-brok'n, adj. intensely afflicted Heartburn, hart'bum, n. a disease of the stomach causing a hurtiitig, acrid feeling near the iieart. Heartburning, hart'bum-ing, «. discontent : secret enmity. Heartease. hart'ez, «., ease of mind : qmet. Hearten, hart'n, v.t. to encourage. Heartfelt, hart'felt, adj., felt deeply. Hearth, harth, «. the part of the floor on which the fire is made : the fireside : the house itself. [A.S. hearth; Ger. herd.'\ Hearthstone, hiirth'ston, n. the stone of the hearth. Heartless, hart'les, adj. without heart, courage, or feeling.— «(/:'. Heartlessly— «. Heartlessness. Heartlet, hartlet, «. a little /wart. Heart-rending, hart'-rend'ing, adj. deeply afflic- tive : agonising. Heart Sease, harts'-ez, >i. a common name fur the pansy, a species of violet, an infusion of which was once thought to ease the lovesick /leart. Heartsick, hart'.-.ik, adj. pained in mind : de- pressed. — n. Heart'sickness. Heartwhole, hart'hol, adj., -w/iole at /leart : unmoved in the aff"ections or spirits. Hearty, hart'i, adj. full of or proceeding from the heart : warm : genuine : strong : healthy. — adv. Heartily.— ?i. Heart'iness. Heat, het, «. that which excites the sensation^of warmth : sensation of warmth : a warm temper- ature : the warmest period, as the heat of the day : indication of warmth, flush, redness : ex- citement ; a single course in a race : animation. —v.t. to make hot : to agitate. — v.i. to become hot '.—pr.p. heating ; pa.p. heat'ed. [A.S. /teeto, which is from adj. /lat, hot : conn, with Ger. /litze, Goth, /leito. Ice. /lita. See Hot.] Heater, het'er, «. one who or that which heats. Heath, heth, «. a barren open country : a small evergreen shrub with beautiful flowers, that grows on heaths. [A.S. /uet/i ; Ger. lieide, Goth, hait/d, a waste.] Heathen, he'Mn, «. an unbeliever when Christian- ity prevailed in cities alone : an inhabitant of an unchristian country : a pagan : an irreligious person. — adj. pagan, irreligious. [Lit. advi^eller on the /leat/i or open country, A.S. /uet/ien, a heathen ; Dut. and Ger. /leiden. See Heath, and cf. Pagan.] Heathendom, he'/.4n-dum, w. those regions of the world where /teatlienism prevails. Heathenise, he7/:n-Iz, v.t. to make fieat/ten. Heathenish, heMn-ish, adj. relating to the /leat/ien : rude : uncivilised : cruel. — adv. Hea'- thenishly.— -«. Hea'thenishness. Heathenism, he'i'/ai-izm, 71. the religious system of the /leat/iens : paganism : barbarism. Heather, het/i'er, u. a small evergreen shrub, growing on /leat/is. — adj. Heath'ery. [A Northern E. form, appearing to be nothing more than heat/i-er = inhabitant of the heath (Skeat).] Heathy, hethl, adj. abounding with heath. Heave, hev, z'. t. to lift up : to throw : to cause to swell : to force from the breast. — v.i. to be raised : to rise and fall : to try to vomit :—pr.p. &te, BiT ; me, her ; mine ; mSte ; mute ; mSQu ; Men. Heaven Heliaoal heav'iiig ; pa.t. and/a./. heaved' or {naut.) have. — «. an eflurt upward ; a throw : a swelling : an effort to vomit. [A.S. Iu:bban; Ger. hebeu, Goth. tut/jnit, to lift. J Heaven, hev'n, n. the arch of sky overhanging the earth : the air : the dwelling-place of the Deity and the blessed : supreme happiness. [A.S. luo/on ; O. Ice. hifinn ; origin doubtful, though conn, by some with /wave, and so meaning the ' heaved ' or ' lifted up. '] Heavenly, hev'n-li, aJj. of or inhabiting heaven : celestial : pure : supremely blessed : very excel- lent.— «ig heaved or moved up and down by the priest. Heaver, hev'er, n. one who or that which heaves. Heavy, hev i, adj. weighty : not easy to bear : oppressive : afflicted : inactive : inclined to slum- ber : violent : loud : not easily digested, as food : miry, as soil : having strength, as liquor : dark with clouds: gloomy: expensive: (B.) sad. — adv., also Heav'ily.— «. Heav'iness. [A.S. hefig — licbban, to heave, and so meaning /m^^/o Iteave : O. Ger. hef>ig, hcbig.'\ Hebdomadal, heb-dom'a-dal, Hebdomadary, heb- dom'a-dar-i, adj. occurring every seven days : weekly. [L. hebdomadalis — Gr. hebdoinas, a period of seven days — hepta, seven.] Hebdomadary, heb-dom'a-dar-i, n. a member of a chapter or convent whose -week it is to officiate in the choir, &c. Hebraic, he-bra'ik, Hebraical, he-bra'ik-al, adj. relating to the Hebrews, or to tlieir language. Hebraically, he-bra'ik-al-i, adv. after the manner of the Hebrew language : from right to left. Hebraise, he'bra-Iz, v.t. to turn into Hebrew. Hebraism, he'bra-izm, «. a Hebrew idiom. Hebraist, he'bra-ist, n. one skilled in Hebrew. Hebraistic, he-bra-ist'ik, adj. of or like Hebrew. Hebrew, he'broo, 71. one of the descendants of Abraham, who emigrated from beyotui the Euphrates into Palestine : an Israelite, a Jew : the language of the Hebrews. — adj. relating to the Hebrews. [Fr. Hebreu — L. Hebrceus — Gr. Hebraios — Heb ibhri, a stranger from the other side of the Euphrates — ebher, the region on the other side — abar, to pa-ss over.] Hecatomb, hek'a-toom or -tom, n. among the Greeks and Romans, a sacrifice of a hundred oxen: any large number of victims. [Gr. Iieka- tombe — hekaton, a hundred, and boiis, an ox.] Heckle, hek 1. Same as Hackle. Hectic, hek'tik, Hectical, hek'tik-al, adj. pertain- ing to the constitution or habit of body : affected with hectic fever. — adv. Hec'tically. [Fr. — Gr. Iiektikos, habitual — hexis, habit.] Hectic, hek'tik, n. a habitual or remittent fever, usually associated with consumption. Hector, hek'tor, n. a bully : one who annoys. — v.t. to treat insolently : to annoy. — v.i. to play the bully. {Y-roinHector, the famous Trojan leader.] Hedge, hej, «. a thicket of bushes : a fence round a field, &c. — v.t. to inclose with a hedge : to ob- struct : to surround: to guard. [A.S. liege; Dut. hegge. Ice. liegi;r.'\ Hedgebili, hej'bil, Hedging-bill, hej'ing-bil, «. a bill or hatchet for dressing hedges. Hedgebom, hej'bawni, adj. of low birth, as if bo>-n by a ludge or in the woods : low : obscure. Hedgehog, hej'hog, «. a small prickly-backed quadruped, so called from its living in hedges and bushes, and its resemblance to a hog or pig. Hedger, hej er, «. one who dresses hedges. Hedgerow, hej'rO, «. a row of trees or shrubs for hedgitie; fields. Hedgescnool, hej'sko5l, n. an open-air school kept by the side of a hedge, in Ireland. Hedge-sparrow, hej'-spar'O, 71. a little singing bird, like a sparroiv, which frequents hedges. Hoed, bed, v.t. to observe: to look after: to attend to. — n. notice : caution : attention. [A.S. hcdan : Dut. hoeden, Ger. hiiten.] Heedful, hed'fool, adj. attentive : cautious. — adv. Heed'fully. — «. Heed'fulness. Heedless, hed'les, adj. inattentive : careless. — adv. Heedlessly.— «. Heedlessness. Heel, hel, «. the p.irt of the foot projecting behind : the whole foot (esp. of beasts) : the covering of the heel : a spur : the hinder part of anything. — v.t. to use the heel : to furnish with heels. [A.S. licla ; Dut. hiel; prob. conn, with L- calx, Gr. lax, the heel.] Heel, hel, v.i. to incline : to lean on one side, as a ship. [A.S. hyldan : Ice. halla, to incline.] Heelpiece, hel'pes, «. a. piece or cover for the /teel. Heft, heft. Same as Haft. Hegemony, he-jem'o-ni, «., leadership. — adj. Hegemonic. [Gr. hegemonia — hegoiton, leader — hegeisthai, to go before.] Hegira, Hejira, he-jT'ra, «. thejlight of Moham- med from Mecca, July 16, 622 A.D., from which is dated the Mohammedan era : any flight. [Ar. hijrah, flight.] Heifer, hef'er, n. a. young cow. [A.S. heahfore ; ace. to Skeat from A.S. heah, high, sen^fear, an ox, and so meaning 3. full-grown ox.] Heigb-ho, hl'-hS, int. an exclamation expressive of weariness. [ I mitative. ] Height, hit, n. the condition of being high: dis- tance upwards : that which is elevated, a hill : elevation in rank or excellence : utmost degree. [Corr. of highth— A.S. heahthu — heah, high. See High.] Heighten, hlt'n, v.t. to make higher: to advance or improve : to make brighter or more promi- nent. Heinous, ha'nus, adj. wicked in a high degree : enormous: atrocious. — adv. Hei'nously. — n. Hei'nousness. [O. Fr. hainjs, Fr. haineux— haine, hate, from Iiair, to hate, from an O. Ger. root, found in Ger. hassen, Goth, hatyan, to hate. See Hate.] Heir, ar, n. one who inherits anything after the death of the owner : one entitled to anything after the present possessor, ^/i-w. Heiress (ar'es). — ns. Heir'dom, Heir'ship. [O. Fr. heir—'L. heres, an heir, allied to L. Jierus, a master, and Gr. cheir, the hand, from a root ghar, to seize.] Heir-apparent, ar-ap-par'ent, n. the one appar- ently or acknowledged to be lietr. Heirless, ar'les. adj. without an heir. Heirloom, ar'loom, n. any piece o{ furniture or personal property which descends to the heir. [Heir and lootn — M. E. lome — A.S. loma, ge- lonia, furniture. See Loom, «.] Heir-presumptive, ar-pre-zump'tiv, n. one who is presumed to be or would be lieir if no nearer relative should be born. Hejira. See Hegira. Held, pa. t. and pa. p. of Hold. Heliacal, he-ll'ak-al, adj. relating to the tuni ISA fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mSte ; mute ; moOn ; //ten. Helical Hematite {asfr.} emerging from the light of the sun or fall- ing into it. — ad7\ Heli'acally. [Or. /it-iiakos— hilios, the siui.J [See Helix.] Helical, hel'ik-al, adj. spiral.— rt^/?'. Helically. Helioceatric, he-li-o-sen'trik, Helidcentrical, hc- li-o-sen'trik-al, ailj. {nsir.) as setn from the s/iu's centre.— adv. HeUocen'trically. [l-'rom Gr. helios, the sun, koitron, the centre.] Heliograph, he'ii-o-graf, H. an apparatus for tele- graphing by means of the sun's rays. Heliography, he-li-ogra-fi, «. the art of taking pictures by J7<«light, photography : the art of signalling by flashing the rays of the sun. — aiij. Heliograph'icai.— «. Heliog'rapher. [Cr. helios, the sun, graplie, a painting — grap/w, I to grave.] I Hellolater, he-li-o!'a-ter, n. a ivorskipper of the sun. [Gr. helios, the sim, latris, a servant.] 1 Heliolatry, he-li-ol'a-tri, «., worship of the su7i. | [Gr. kclios, the sun, latreia, service, worship.] j Heliometer, he-li-om'e-ter, n. an instrument for | measuring the apparent diameter of the su>i or | other heavenly body. [Gr. helios, and tnetron, 1 a measure.] j Helioscope, he'li-o-skop, ». a telescope for viewing \ the sun without dazzling the eyes. — adj. Helio- scopio. [Fr. helioscope — Gr. helios, the sun, skopeo, to look, to spy.] HeliOStat, he'li-o-stat, ti. an instrument by means of which a beam of sunhght is reflected in an invariable direction. [Gr. helios, and statos, fi.\ed.] Heliotrope, he'li-o-trop, «. a plant whose flowers are said always to turn round to the sun .' \min.) a bloodstone, a variety of chalcedony of a dark- green colour variegated with red : an instru- ment for signalling by flashing the sun's rays. [Fr. — L. — Gr. helioiropion — helios, the sun, tropos, a turn — trepo, to turn.] Heliotype, he'li-o-tlp, n. a photograph. [Gr. helios, the sun, and typos, an impression.] HeUspheric, hel-i-sfer'ik, jaeiispherical, hel-i- sfer'ik-al, adj., winding spirally round a sphere. Helix, he'liks, 7L. a spiral, as of wire in a coil : (zool.) the snail or its shell : the external part of the ear:—//. Helices, hel'i-sez. [L.— Gr. helix — helisso, to turn round.] Hell, hel, n. the place or state of punishment of the wicked after death : the abode of evil spirits : the powers of hell : any place of vice or misery : a gambling-house. [A.S. hel, helle ; Ice. hel, Ger. holle (O. Ger. hello). From Hel (Scand. ), Hell (A.?,.), ot Hella (O. Ger.), the Teut. god- dess of death, whose name again is from a Teut. root seen in A.S. helan. to hide, Ger. hehlen, cog. with Ij. eel-are, to hide.] Hellebore, hel'e-bor, n. a plant used in medicine, anciently used as a cure for msanity. [Fr. Iielle- bore — L. helleborus — Gr. helleboros.] Hellenic, hel-len'ik or hel-le'nik, Hellenian, hel- le'ni-an, adj. pertaining to the Hellenes or Greeks : Grecian. [Gr. Hellenics, Hellenikos — Hellenes, a name ultimately given to all the Greeks — Hellen, the son of Deucalion, the Greek Noah.] Hellenise, hel'en-Tz, 71. i. to use the Greek language. iGr. liellSnizo — Hellen.] Hellenism, hel'en-izm, n. a Greek idiom. [Fr. Hellenisme — Gr. Hellenisinos. ] Hellenist, hel'en-ist, n. one skilled in the Greek language: a Jew who used the Greek language as his mother-tongue. [Gr. Hellenisies.] Hellenistic, hel-en-ist'ik, Hellenistical, hel-en- ist'ik-al, adj. pertaining to the Hellenists: Greek With Hebrew idioms.— rt^/z'. Hellenist ically. Hellhound, hel'hownd, n. a Jiojind of hell: ar agent of hi;!l. Hellish, hel'ish, adj. pertaining to or like hell: very wicked. — «<^iy.Hell'ishly.— «. Hell'ishness. Helm, helm, ;/. the instrument by which a ship is steered ; the station of management or govern- ment. [A S. helnia : Ice. hjalin, a rudder, Ger. helm, a handle ; allied to helve. '\ Helm, helm, Helmet, hel'met, n. a coverijig of armour for the head : [hot. ) the hooded upper lip of certain flowers. [A.S. — helufi, to cover; Ger. helm, a covering, helmet. Helmet is from the O. Fr. Iiealniet, dim. of healme, the O. Fr. form of the same word.] Helmed, helmd', Helmeted, hel'met-ed, adj, furnished with a hcbnet. Helminthic, hel-min'thik, adj. pertaining to •worms: expelling worms. — n. a medicine for expelling worms. [From Gr. helmins, helinin- thos, a vfOTTn—heileo, helisso, to wriggle.] Helminthoid, hel'min-thoid, adj. worm-shaped. [Gr. helmins, and eidos, form.] HelmlntholOgy, hel-min-thol'o-ji, n. the science ov natural history of "ivornis.—adj. HelminthO- log'ical.— «. Helminthologist. [From Gr. helmins, and logos, a discourse.] Helmsman, helmz'man, n. the jnan at the helm. Helot, hel'ot or he'lot, «. a slave, among the Spar- tans. [Gr. ; said to be derived from Helos, a town in Greece, reduced to slavery by the Spartans.] Helotism, hel'ot-izm or he'lot-izm, n, the 'condi- tion of the Helots in ancient Sparta : slavery. Helotry, hel'ot-ri or he'lot-ri, n. the whole body of the Helots : any class of slaves. Help, help, v.t. to support: to assist: to give means for doing anything : to remedy : to pre- vent. — v.i. to give assistance : to contribute : — pa.p. helped', [B.) holp'en. — «. means or strength given to another for a purpose : assistance : re- lief: one who assists: (Wz«fr.)a hired man or woman. [A.S. helpan : Goth, hilpati. Ice. hialpa, Ger. helfen, to aid, assist.] Helper, help'er, n. one who helps : an assistant. Helpful, help'fool, adj. giving help : useful. — «. Help'fulness. Helpless, help'les, adj. without help or power in one's self: wanting assistance. — adv. Help'- lessly. —n. Helplessness. Helpmate, help'mat, «. a male or companion who ^(?//*.y: an assistant : a partner : a wife. [Formed on a misconception of the phrase an help meet in Gen. ii. 18, 20.] Helter-skelter, hel'ter-skel'ter, adv. in a confused hurry : tumultuously. [Imitative.] Helve, helv, «. a handle : the handle of an axe or 1 hatchet. —7'.;". to furnish with a handle, as an I axe. [A.S. hielf, kcl/e, ahandle ; O. Q\.\X..Jielve.\ ' Helvetic, hel-vet'ik, adj. pertainmg to Switzer- land. {L.— Helvetia, L. name ot Switzerland.] Hem, hem, n. the border of a garment doubled down and sewed. — v.t. to form a hem on : to edge: — pr.p. hemm'ing ; pa.p. hemmed'. — Hem in, to surround. [A.S. hem, a border; Ger. hamme, a fence, Fris. hdmel, an edge.] Hem, hem, n. {int.) a sort of half cough to draw attention. — v.i. to utter the sound hem! — pr.p. hemm'ing ; /(t./. hemmed'. [From the sound.] Hemal, he mal, adj. relating to the bloodor blood- vessels. [Gr. haima, blood.] Hematine, hem'a-tm, «. the red colouring matter in the blool. [Fr. — Gr. haim.t, blood.] Hematite, hem'a-tlt, n.. (mil!..) a valuable ore of iron, sometimes of a reddish-brown colour, with fate, far ; me, her : mine ; mOte ; mute ; moon ; Men. 226 ff Hemiptera a blootLrtA streak. -,r,/y. Hematlt'lO. [L.- Or. Iiatntatitcs, bloocl-Uke-/ia// blooj.] iina, luiimatos. Hemiptera, hem-ip'ter-a, n. an order of insects, having four wings, the two anterior of which are scarcely perceptible. [Gr. luiiti, half (cog. with Lat. semi\, and />teron, a wing.] Hemisphere, hem'i-sfer, «. a. half-sphere : half of the globe, or a map of it. [Gr. Iteiiiisphairian — lunii, half, and splutira, a spliere.] Hemispheric, hem-i-sfer'ik, Hemispherical, hem- i-sfer'ik-al, adj. pertaining to a heinispliere. Hemistich, hem'i-stik, «., half ^ line, or an in- complete line in poetrj'. [L. Iiemistichinm — Gr. heinistichion — liimi, half, sticlios, a line.] Hemistichal, he-mis'tik-al, adj. pertaining to or v\ ritten in hctnisticlis. Hemlook, heni'lok, n. a poisonous plant used in mtdlcine. [A. S. hetnlic — ktn:, a plant, a LMk, the first syllable being of unknown origin. Cf. Charlock and Garlic] Hemorrhage, hem'or-aj, n. a bursting or flowing of blood.— adj. Hemon'hagic (hem-or-aj ik). [Gr. haimorrha^a— haiina, blood, rltcgnymi, to burst.] Eemon'hoids, hem'or-oidz, n.pl. painful tubercles around the margin of the anus, from which blood occasionally /?i?7t/j. — adj. Hemorrhoid'al. [Gr. liaijnorrhoides — haiiiia, blood, rheo, to flow.] Hemp, hemp, }i, a plant with a fibrous bark used for cordage, coarse cloth, &c. : the fibrous rind prepared for spinning. — adjs. Hemp'en, made of hemp ; Hemp'y, like hemp. [A.S. lurnep, Ice. Iiampr : borrowed early from L. cannabis — Gr. kannabis, which is considered to be of Eastern origin, from Sans, ^ana, hemp. Cf. Canvas.] Hen, hen, n. the female of any bird, esp. of the domestic fowl. [A.S. Iietui, akin to Ger. henne. Ice. Juena, the fem. forms respectively of A. S. hana, Ger. hahn, Ice. /lani, the male of birds, a cock ; orig. the singer or crier, akin to L. cano, to sing.] Henbane, hen'ban, n. a plant which is a bane or poison to domestic foivls : the stinking night- shade, used in medicine for opium. Hence, hens, adv., from this place or time : in the future : from this cause or reason : from this origin. — itit. away ! begone ! [M. E. hennes, h^nen — A.S. hecnan, from the base of He ; Ger. hinnen, hin, hence ; so L. hinc,hsx\cs—hic, this.] Henceforth, hens-forth' or hens'-, Henceforward, hens-for'ward, adv. from this time forth or for- •ward. Henchman, hensh'man, n. a servant : a page. [Usually derived from haunch-man, cf. Flunkey ; perh., however, from A.S. hengest, a horse, Ger. Iiengst, and tnan, and meaning a groom (Skeat).] Hencoop, hen'koop, n. a coop or large cage for domestic fowls. Hendecagon, hen-dek'a-gon, «. a plane figure of eleven angles and eleven sides. [Fr. hendeca- gone — Gr. hendeka, eleven, gonia, an angle. ] Hendecasyllable, hen-deka-sil'a-bl, «. a metrical line oieleven syllables.— adj. Hendec'asyllah'ic. [Gr. hendeka, eleven, syllabi, a syllable.] Hendiadys, hen-dl'a-dis, n. a figure in which one and the same notion is presented in t'wo ex- pressions. [Gr. Hen dia dyoin, one thing by means of two.] Hen-harrier, hen'-har'i-er, «. a species of falcon, the common harrier. [See Harrier, a hawk.J Henna, hen'a, «. a pigment used in the East for dyeing the nails and hair. [Ar. hinna, the shrub from whose leaves it is made.] Herbivorous Henpecked, hen'pekt, adj. weakly subject to his wife, as a cock pecked by the hen. Hep, hep, «. See Hip, the fruit of the dogrose. Hepatic, hep-at'ik, Hepatical, hep-at'ik-al, adj. % pertaining tk the liver: liver-coloured. [L. hepaticus—Gr. hepar, liepatos, the liver.] Hepatitis, hep-a-tt'tis, n. inflammation of the liver. [Gr. hepar, hepatos, the liver.] Hepatoscopy, hep-a-tos'kop-i, «. divination by in- spection of the livers of animals. [Gr. hepato- skopia — hepar, hepatos, liver, skopeo, to inspect.] Heptade, hep' tad, n. the sum or number of seven. [Fr. — Gr. lieptas, hefitados — hepta, seven.] Heptaglot, hep'ta-glot, adj. in seven languages. — «. a book in seven languages. [Gr. hepta- glottos — liepta, seven, glotta, glossa, tongue, language.] Heptagon, hep'ta-gon, «. a plane figure with severi. anglet and Severn »ides. — cuij. Hoptag'onal. [Gr. heptagenos, seven-cornered — liepta, and gonia, an angle.] Heptahedron, hep-ta-he'dron, n. a solid figure with seven bases or sides. [Gr. hepta, seven, hedra, a seat, a base.] Heptarchy, hep'tar-ki, n. a government by seven persons : the country governed by seven : a period in the Saxon history of England (a use of the word now disapproved by historians). — adj. Heptar'chic. [Gr. fiepta, seven, arche, sove- reignty.] Her, her, pron. objective and possessive case of Sho. — cuij. belonging to a female. [M. E. here — A.S. hire, genitive and dative sing, of lieo, she.] Herald, her'ald, «. in ancient times, an officer who made public proclamations and arranged cere- monies : in medieval times, an officer who had charge of all the etiquette of chivalry, keeping a register of the genealogies and armorial bear- ings of the nobiis . an officer whose duty is to read proclamations, to blazon the arms of the nobility, &c. : a proclaiiner : a forerunner. — v.t. to introduce, as by ,a herald : to proclaim. [O. Fr. heralt : of Ger. origin, O. Ger. hari (A.S. here, Ger. heer), an army, and ivald z= wait, strength, sway. See Wield, Valid.] Heraldic, her-al'dik, adj. of or relating to heralds or lieraldry.—adv. Horal'dically. Heraldry, her'ald-ri, n. the art or ofiice of a herald: the science of recording genealogies and blazoning coats of arms. Herb, herb or erb, n. a plant the stem of which dies every year, as distinguished from a tree or shrub which has a permanent stem. — adj. Herb'- less. \^x.lierbe —V,. Iierba, akin to Gr. phorbe, pasture — pherbo, to feed, to nourish.] Herbaceous, her-ba'shus, adj. pertaining to or of the nature of lierbs : (bot. ) having a soft stem that dies to the root annually. [L. herbaceus.} Herbage, herb'aj or erb'aj, «. green food for cattle : pasture : herbs collectively. Herbal, herb'al, adj. pertaining to herbs. — n. a book containing a classification and description of plants : a collection of preserved plants. Herbalist, herb'al-ist, n. one who makes collec- tions of liey-bs or plants : one skilled in plants. Herbarium, her-ba'ri-um, n. a clas,sified collection of preserved herbs or plants. — ■//. Herba'riumS and Herba'ria. [Low L.— L. herba.\ Herbescent, her-bes'ent, adj., gro^uingmto herbs, becoming herbaceous. [L. herbescens, -entis, pr.p. of herbesco, to grow into herbs.] Herbivorous, her-biv'or-us, adj. , eatingox living on herbaceous plants. [L. lierba, voro, to devour.] 226 fate, far ; me, her ; mine ; mOte ; mute ; moon ; ^en« Herborisatiou Herborlsation, herb-or-i-za'shun, «. the seeking {or f'htHts : (»tin.) ihe figure of plants. Herborise, herb'o-rlz, v.i. to search for plants: to botanise. — v.t. to form plant-like figures in, as in minerals. [Vr. kerboriser, {or iierbarlsey — L. hi-r/'a.] Herculean, her-kuHe-an, adj. extremely difficult or dangerous, such as might have been done by Hercules, a Greek hero famous for his strength : of extraordinary strength and size. Herd, herd, «. a number of beasts feeding together, and watched or tended : any collection of beasts, as distinguished from a flock : a company of people, in contempt : the rabble. — v.i. to run in ; herds. — v.i. to tend, as a herdsman. [A..S. Iieord, lierd; cognate words are found in all the Teut. languages.] Herd, herd. n. one who tends a herd. [A. S. heorde, hirdc, from heard or lierd, a herd of beasts ; Ger. hirt. ] B Herdsman, herdz'man [B., Herd'man), n. a man jj) employed to herd or tend cattle.] \ Here, her, adv. in this place : in the present life or state. — Here'abOUt, adzK about this place. — Hereaft'er, adv. after this, in some future time or state.— «. a future state.— Here and There, adv. in this place, and then in that : thinly : irregularly. — Hereby', adv. by this.— Herein', adv. in this.— Hereof, adv. of this.— Hereto- fore', adv. Lefore this time: formerly. — Here- unto', adv. to this point or time —Hereupon', adzK on this: in consequence of this. — Here- with', adv. with this. [A.S. her; Ger. hier. from the demonstrative stem hi-. See Her, and cf Who, Where.] [herited. Hereditable, he-red'it-a-bl, adj. that may be in- Hereditament, her-e-dit'a-ment, «. all property of whatever kind that may pass to an heir. Hereditary, he-red'i-tar-i, adi. descending by /«- /leritance: transmitted from parents to their off- spring. — adv. Hered itarily. [1^. lureditarius — liereditas, the state of an hi"r — Herts, an heir. ] Heredity, he-red'i-ti, n. the transmission of qualities from the parents or ancestors to their offspring. Heresiarch, her'e-si-ark or he-re'zi-ark, «. a leader in heresy, a chief among heretics. [Gr. hairesis, heresy, and arclios, a leader — archo, to lead.] Heresy, her'e-si, «. an opinion adopted in opposi- tion to the usual belief, esp. in theology : heterodo.xy. [Fr. heresie — L. hceresis — Gr. hairesis — haired, to take or choose.] Heretic, her'e-tik, n. the upholder of a heresy. — adj. Heretical.— rtrfi'. Heret'ically. [Gr. Iiai- retikos, able to choose, heretical.] [Here. Hereby, Hereunto, Herewith, &c. See under Heriot, her'i-ot, n. a tribute of jnmiitiotis of war anciently given to the lord of the manor on the decease of a tenant : a duty paid to the lord of the manor on the decease of a tenant. [A.S. heregeatu, a military preparation — here, an army, geatwe, apparatus.] Heritable, her it-abl. adj. that may be inherited. —Heritable Property (Scotch lam) real pro- perty, as opposed to movable property, or chattels.— Heritable Security, same as English mortgage. [O. Fr. Iieritahle, liereditable — Low L. hereditabilis — L. hereditas.\ Heritage, her'it-aj, n. that which is inherited: \B. ) the chUdren (of God). [Fr.— Low L. herita- gi:ini. hcereditaginni — L. hereditas.] Heritor, her'it-or, n. {in Scotland) a landholder in a parish. [Low L. heritator, for heereditator — L. liereditas.} Hermaphrodlsm, her-maf'rod-izm, Hermaphrod- Heirpes Itism, her-maf'rod-it-izm, n. the union of the two se.\es in one body. Hermaphrodite, her-maf'rod-Tt, «. an animal or a plant in which the two sexes are united : an abnormal individual in whom are united the properties of both se.\es. — adj. uniting the dis- tinctions of both sexes. [L. — Gr. Hertna- phroditos, the son of Hermes and Aphrodite, who, when bathing, grew together with the nymph Salmacis into one person.] Hermaphroditic, her-maf-rod-it'ik, Hermaphrod- itical, her-maf-rod-it'ik-al, adj. pertaining to a hermaphrodite : partaking of both sexes. Hermeneutic, her-me-nu'tik, Hermeneutical, her- me-nu tik-al, adj., interpreiifig: explanatory. — adv. Hermeneu'tlcally.— «. sijtg. Hermeneu'- tics, the science of interpretation, esp. of the Scriptures. [Gr. hermeneutikos — heryneneus, an interpreter, from Hermes, Mercury, the god of art and eloquence.] Hermetic, her-met'ik, Hermetical, hcr-met'ik-al, adj. belonging in any way to the beliefs current in the middle ages under the name of Hermes, the Thrice Great : belonging to magic or alchemy, magical: perfectly close. — adv. Hermetically. — Hermet'icaUy sealed, closed completely, said of a glass vessel, the opening of which is closed by melting the glass. [From Hermes Trismegistos, Hermes ' the thrice-greatest,' the Gr. name for the Egyptian god Thoth.who was god of science, esp. alchemy, and whose magic seal was held by medieval alchemists to make vessels and treasures inaccessible.] Hermit, her'mit, n. one who retires from society and lives in solitude or in the desert. []M. E. eremite, through Fr. and L. from Gr. eremites — eremos, solitary', desert.] Hermitage, her'mit-aj, 71. the dwelling of a tiermit : a retired abode : a kind of wine, so called from Hermitage, a district of France. Hem. Same as Heron. Hernia, her'ni-a, n. a rupture, esp. of the abdo- men. — adj. Her'nial. [L.] Hero, he'rO, n. (orig.) a warrior, a demigod: a man of distinguished bravery : any illustrious person : the principal figure in any history or work of fict\or\.— Jem. Heroine, her'o-in. [Through Fr. and L. from Gr. herds ; akin to L. vir, A.S. wer, a man. Sans, vira, a hero.] Herodians, he-ro'di-ans, n.pl. a party among the Jews, taking their name from Herod, as being his especial partisans. Heroic, he-ro'ik, Heroical, he-ro'ik-al, adj. becom- ing a hero : courageous : illustrious : designating the style of verse in which the exploits ot heroes are celebrated. — n. a heroic verse. — adv. Hero'- icaUy. Heroi-comic, her'o-i-kom'ik, Herol-comlcal, her'- 0-i-kom'ik-al, adj. consisting of a mixture of lieroic and comic ; designating the high bur- lesque, [courage : boldness. Heroism, her'o-izm, n. the qualities of a liero : Heron, her'un, «. a large screaming water-fowl, with long legs and neck. — n. Her'onry, a place where herons breed. [Fr. — O. Ger. heigro, cog. with A.S. hragra. Ice. hegri, all imitative of its croak. ] Heronshaw, her'un-shaw, n. a young heron. [Properly, hero7ise7ve (ety. unknown), which was confounded with the old form hernshaw, a heronry, from Heron, and shaw, a wood.] Hero-worship, he'ro-wur'ship, 71. the worship of heroes: excessive admiration of great men. Herpes, her'pez, n. a kind of skin disease. [So fate, fax ; me, her ; mine ; mot« ; mute ; moQn ; //ten. 227 Herring called from its creeping over the skin, from Gr. heroes, lu-rpo, to creep.] Herring, hering, «. a common small sea-fish found moving in great shoals or midtiituies. [A S luertng (Ger. Iuiri>ig)—liere (Ger. heer), an army or multitude ; or perh. corr. from L. halec fish-pickle.] Hers, herz, pron. possessive of She. Herse. Same as Hearse. Herself, hcr-self , firon. the emphatic form of She in the nominative or objective case : in her real char.-icter : having the command of her faculties : sane. [Her and Self. J Hesitancy, hez'i-tan-si, Hesitation, hez-i-ta'shun, n. wavering : doubt : stammering. Hesitate, hcz'i-tat, v.i. to stop in making a decision : to be in doubt : to slammer.— rt^/r/ Hes'ltatingly. fL. ha'siio, /ueniatum, freq.' of kiereo, fiasiim, to stick, adhere.] Hesper, hes'pcr, Hesperus, hes'per-us, «. the «v«/«^-star or Venus. [L. and Gr. Iiesperos, evening, also L. vesper.} [west. Hesperian, hes-pe'ri-an, adj. of Hesperus or, the Heterocercal, het-er-o-ser'kal, adj. having the upper fork of the tail dijfe7-eni from or longer than the lower, as the shark : —opposed to Homocercal. [Gr. heteros, different from, and kerkos, the tail.] Heteroclite, het'er-o-klit, Heteroclitlc, het-er-o- klit'ik, Heteroclitical, het-er-o-klit'ik-al, adj irregularly iiijiected: irregular. [Gr. 'hetero- kliCos— heteros, other, and klitos, inflected— klino, to inflect.] Heteroclite, het'er-o-klTt, «. {gram.) a word irre- gularly injiected: anything irregular. Heterodox, het'er-o-doks, adj. holding an opinion other or difl'erent from the established one, asp. in theology : heretical. [Gr. lieterodoxos—Zie'teros, other, dox-a, an opinion — dokeo, to think.] Heterodoxy, het'er-o-doks-i, n. heresy. Heterogeneous, het-er-o-jen'e-us, Heterogeneal, het-er-o-jen'e-al, adj. of another race or kind': dissimilar : — opposed to Homogeneous.— .-z^r'iy Heterogen'eously.-^^.f. Heterogeneity, Het- erogen'eousness. [Gr. heterogends^ heteros, other, ^f«oi-, a kind.] [Cossacks. [Russ.] Hetman, het'man, «. the chief or general of the Hew, hu, v.t. to cut with any sharp instrument : to cut in pieces : to shape -.—pa. p. hewed' or hewn. [A.S. heawan; Ger. liauen.\ Hewer, hu'er, >i. one who /lews. Hexagon, heks'a-gon, n. a plane figure with six angles and ^\des. — adj. tiexa.g'ona,\. ~ adv. Hexag'onally. [Gr. hexagdnou ~ /lex, six gonia, an .mgle.] ' Hexahedron, heks-a-he'dron, n. a cube, a regular solid with six sides or faces, each of these being a square.— «r^'. Hexahe'dral. [Gr. h--x six hed-ra, a base.] ' ' Hexameter, heks-am'et-er, n. a verse of six mea- sures m feet — adj. having six metrical feet. IL.— Gr. hex, si.\-, metron, a measure.] Hexapla, heks'a-pla, n. an edition of the .Scrip- tures in SIX different versions, esp. that pre- pared by Origen of Alexandria.— rt^'. Hex'- aplar. [Gr. hexafilous, sixfold.] Hexapod, heks'a-pod, n. an animal with six feet [Gr. hexaf'O.is, -podos—hex, six, pons, a foot ] Hexastlch, heks'a-stik. n. a poem of six lines or verses. [Gr. hexastichos~hcx. &\y.,stichos, a line.] Hexastyle, heks'a-stll, n. a building with six t>il- /«yj [Gr. hckastylos-^hex, six, stylos, a pill'ar.] Hey. ha, znt. expressive of joy or interrogation. [From the sound, like Ger. hci.] Hieroglyph 228 ate, iar ; me, her ; mine ; - mote ; Heyday, ha'da, int. expressive of frolic, exultation ' or wonder [Ger. heida or Dut. hei daar\ (Ger.) da, (Dut. ) rt'rtrtr= There.] Heyday lia'da, « the wild gaiety of youth. [For high day : M. E. iiey-day.] Hiatus, hi-a'tus, n. a gap : an opening : a defect : {gram.) a concurrence of vowel sounds in two successive syllables. [L., from hio, to gape; Gr. chatno, to gape ; from root cha, the sound produced by gaping.] Hibernal, hl-ber'nal, adj. belonging to winter: wmtry. [Fr.— L. hibernalis-hiems, Gr. clieima winter, .Sans, hima, snow.] Hibernate, hi'ber-nat, v.i. to 7vinter: to pass the winter in sleep or torpor.— «. Hibema'tion, the state of torpjor in which many animals pass the winter. [L. IMerno, htbernatum—hiberna winter-quarters.] Hibernian, hl-ber ni-an, adj. relating to Hibernia or Ireland.— «. an Irishman. [Yxoml.. Hibernia, Gr. lonernia, Ireland.] Hibernlanism, hi-ber'ni-an-izm, Hlbernlclsm, hi-ber'ni-sizm, n. an Irish idiom or peculiarity Hiccough, Hiccup, Hlckup, hik'up, n. a sudden and involuntary kind of cough.— z/.z. to have a cough of this kind -.—prp. hiccoughing (hik'up- ing); pa.p. hiccoughed (hik'upt). [Imitative ;■ there are similar words in many languages as Dut. hik, Dan. hikke, Bret. hikS Hickory, hik'or-i, «. the name of several American nut-bearing trees. [Ety. unknown. Hid, Hidden. See Hide. Hidalgo, hi-dal'go, «. a Spanish nobleman of the lowest class. [Sp. hijo de algo, the son of some- thing, I.e., of a good house, and without mixture of Moorish or Jewish blood.] Hidden, hid'n, adj. concealed : unknown. Hide hid, v.t. to conceal: to keep in safety.— zf.j. to he concealed ■.-pa.t. hid ; pa.p. hidd'en, hid. [A.S. hydan, to hide ; allied to Gr. keutlio, and perh. to L. custos (= cud-tos), a protector.] iliae, hid, n. the slcin of an animal.- ?;.A to floF or whip. [A.S. hyd; Ger. haul, allied to L cntis, Gr. skutos.] Hide, hid, n. an old measure of land varyintr from 60 to 120 acres. [A.S. hid, contracted ior higid -liiwtsc, both words meaning as much land as could support a family, and so conn, with A S _A?7C'a«, domestics. SeeHive.] Hidebound, hid'bownd, «.,>•. ' having the hide closely bound to the body, as in animaU: in trees, having the bark so close that it impedes the growth. Hideous, hid'e-us, adj. frightful: horrible- ghast y.-««'iy.Hid'eously.-«. Hid'eousness. [Fr. ludeux-O. Fr. hide, hisde, dread ; perh. from L. hisfiidus, rough, rude.] Hiding, hid'ing, n. a place of concealment. r!' c'/^-'-- '° ''^^'^" :—/'-■/• hie'ing ; pa.p. hied'. \[^.i>. htgian, to hasten.] Hierarcn, hiSr-.ark, «. a ruler in sacred matters —adj Hl'erarchal. [Gr. hicrarches-liieros sacred, archd, to rule.] Hierarchy, hier-ark-i, «., rule in sacred matters • persons that so rule : the body of the clergy • a government by priests.— a^'. Hierarcll'icaL WieratlC, hi-er-at'ik, adj., sncrcd: relating to priests. [L. hieraticus—Gx. hieratikos ] Hieroglypli, hi'ir-o-glif, Hieroglyphic, hi-er-o- glif ik,_ «. the sacred characters of the ancient Lgyptian language: picture-writing, or writing in which figures of objects are employed instead of conventional signs, like the alphabet : any symbolical figure.— a,^>. Hieroglyph'ic.Hiero- raute ; moon ; Men. Hieroglyphist glyph'ical.— rtifo.Hieroglyph'lcally. [Gr.kie- roglyphikon — hieros, sacred, glypho, to carve.] Hieroglyphist, hl-ero-glif'ist, w. one skilled in reading hieroglyphics. Hierograpkic, hi-er-o-graf 'ik, Hlerographlcal, hl-er-o-graf'ik-al, adj. pertaining to sacred luritiug. [Gr. hierographikos — hieros, sacred, ^x\di graphikos.1 horn grapho, to write.] Hierolojjy, hi-er-oro-ji, «. the science \vh\ch. treats of sacred matters, especially sacred writing and inscriptions. [Gr. hierologia — hieros, sacred, and logos, a discourse or treatise.] Hiei'Ophant, hl'er-o-fant, «. one who slieius or reveals sacred things : a priest. [Gr. hiero- phantes — hieros, s3.CTd, phaitio, to shew.] Higgle, hig'l, v.i. to hawk about provisions for sale : to make difficulty in bargaining: to chaffer. —n. Hlggaer. [A form of Haggle, and Hawk, to sell.] High, hi, adj. elevated : lofty : tall : eminent in anything: e.xalted in rank: dignified: chief: noble : ostentatious : arrogant : proud : strong : powerful: angry: loud: violent: tempestuous: e.xcellent : far advanced : difficult : dear : remote in time. — adv. aloft : eminently : powerfully : profoundly.— «. Jieah ; Goth. liauJis, Ice. har, Ger. hoch.^ High-admiral, hi'-ad'mi-ral, «. a high or chief admiral of a fleet. High-altar, hl'-awl'tar, n. the principal altar in a church High-hailifif, hl'-bal'if, n. an officer who serves writs, &c. in certain franchises, exempt from the ordinary supervision of the sheriff. High-born, hl'-bawm, adj. of high or noble birth. High-bred, hl'-bred, adj. of high or noble breed, training, or family. High-church, hl'-church, n. a party within the Church of England, who exalt the authority and jurisdiction of the church, and attach great im- portance to ecclesiastical dignities, ordinances, and ceremonies. — ns. High'-churchmail, High'- Church'ism. [or glaring coUnir. High-coloured, hl'-kul'urd, adj. having a strong High-day, hi'-da, 71. a holiday: [B.) broad day- light, [pampered;— «. High'-feed'ing. High-fed, hl'-fed. adj., fed highly or lu.'iuriously : Highflier, hl'fll-er, n. one who flies high, or runs into extravagance of opinion or action. — adj. High'-fly'ing. [turgid. High-flown, hl'-flon, adj. extravagant : elevated : High-handed, hl'-hand'ed, adj. overbearing : vio- lent. \}iis^^ cr full of courage. High-hearted, hl'-hart'ed, adj. with the heart Highland, hl'land, n. a mountainous district. Highlander, hi'land-er, 11. an inhabitant of a mountainous region. [occasions. High-mass, hl'-mas, «. the inass read on high High-minded, hi'-mtnd'ed, adj. having a high, proud, or arrogant mind: having honourable pride: magnanimous. — «. High'-mind'edness. Highness, hT'nes, «. the state of being high: dig- nity of rank : a title of honour given to princes. High-place, hl'-plfis, ?z. [B.) an eminence on which unlawful worship was performed by the Jews. High-pressure, hl'-preshur, adj. applied to a steam-engine in which the steam is raised to a nigh temperature, so that the pressure may exceed that of the atmosphere. High-priest, hi'-prest, n. a chief priest. High-principled, hl'-prin'si-pld, adj. of high, noble, or ^tr'xcx. pri'tciple. High-proof, hi'-proof, adj., proved to contain much alcohol : highly rectified. Hindu High-road, hi'-r5d, n. one of the public oi chief roads. Hlgh-seasonod, hi'-se'znd, adj. made rich or pi- quant with spices or other seasoning. High-SOUled, hi'-sold, adj. having a high or lofty soul or spirit. [ostenta-tious. High-sounding, hl'-sownd'ing, adj. pompous : High-spil'ited, hi'-spir'it-ed, adj. having a high spirit or natural fire : bold : daring : irascible. Hight, hit, a pass, verb, used in the third pers. .sing., he was or is called or named. [A.S. hatan, to be Q.sX\a./>. hinged'. [M. E. henge, from M. E. Iieiigcn, to hang, which, according to Skeat, is of Scand. origin, as in Ice. henja, to hang, but cog. with A. S. hangian.] Hinny, hin'i, «. the produce of a stallion and a she-ass. [L. hiiiniis — Gr. hitinos, giunos, a mule.] Hint, hint, n. a distant allusion : slight mention : insinuation. — v.t. to bring to mind by a slight mention or remote allusion : to allude to. — v.i. to make an indirect or remote allusion : to allude. [Lit. a thing taken, from A.S. Iientan, to seize, and so allied to lucnt and ha7td.\ Hip, hip, n. the haunch or fleshy part of the thigh. — v.t. to sprain the hip -.—pr.p. hipp'ing ; />a.p. hipped'. [A. S. hype ; Goth, hups, Ger. hdfte. ] Hip, hip. Hep, hep, 11. the fruit of the wild brier or dogrose. [M. E. hope; from A.S. heope.] Hipplsh, hip'ish, adj. soniewbat hypochondriac. [A familiar corr. of Hypochondriac] Hippocampus, hip'o-kam-pus, «. a genus of fishes with head and neck somewhat like those of a horse, and a long, tapering tail which they can twist round anything. [Gr. hippokampos — hippos, a horse, kampe, a turning.] Hlppocentaur, hip-o-sent'awr, «. Same as Cen- taur. [Gr. hippos, a horse, and CentaUT.] Hippodrome, hip'o-drom, «. a racaeourse for horses and chariots : an equestrian circus. [Gr. Itippodronws — hippos, a horse, dromos, a course. | HlppOgriflF, hip'o-grif, «. a fabulous winged ani- mal, half horse and half griffin. [Fr. hippo- griffe — Gr. hippos, a horse, ?i.n^ gryps, a griffin.] HlppopatbolOgy, hip-o-pa-lhol'o-ji, n. the path- ology of the horse ; the science of veterinary medicine. [Gr. hippos, a horse, and Pathology.] HippophagOUS, hip-pof'a-grus, adj., Jwrse-eating. [Gr. hipfios, a horse, and phago, to eat.] Hippophagy, hip-pof'a-ji, «. the act or practice of feeding on horse-^&sh. — «. Hlppoph'aglSt. Hippopotamus, hip-o-pot'a-mus, «. the river- horse — an African quadruped, one of the largest e,xisting, of aquatic habits, having a very thick skin, short legs, and a large head and muzzle. [L. — Gr. hippopotamos — hippos, and potamos, a river.] Hippuric, hip-u'rik, adj. denoting an acid ob- tained from the Jirine of horses. [Fr. hippu- rigue—Gr. hifipos, a horse, and ouroi, urine.] Hire, hir, «., wages for service : the price paid for the use of anything. — v.t. to procure the use or services of, at a price : to engage for wages : to let for compensation : to bribe. — «. Hir'er. [A.S. hyr, wages, hyrian, to hire; Ger. he7ier, Dut. himr, Dan. hyre.'] Hireling, hlr'ling, «. a hired servant ; a merce- nary : a prostitute. [A.S. hyriing] Hires, hlrz [B.], n. plural of Hire, not now used. Hirsute, hir-sut', Oiij., hairy : rough : shaggy : dot.) having long, stiffish hairs. [L. hirsutns — hirsus, Airtus, rough, hairy, shaggy.] fils, hiz, pron. possessive form of He: (.5.) used for its. [A.S. his, possessive of he, and orig, of//.] Hispid, his'pid, adj. (hot.) rough with or having strong hairs or bristles. |L. hispidus.^ Hiss, his, v.i. to make a sound like the letter s, as the goose, serpent, &c. : to express contempt, &c. by hissing. — v.t. to condemn by hissing. [A.S. hysiau ; formed from the sound.] Hiss, his, «. the sound of the letter s, an expres- sion of disapprobation, contempt, &c. Hissing, his'ing, «. the noise of a hiss : object of hissing : object or occasion of contempt. EUst, hist, int. demanding silence and attention : liHsh ! silence ! [Formed from the sound.] Histology, his-tol'o-ji, 71. the science which treats of the minute structure of animal and vegetable tissue. [Gr. histos, beam of a loom, web, texture — histeini, to make to stand (the beam in the Gr. loom was upright), and logos, a discourse.] Historian, his-tO'ri-an, n. a. writer oi history. Historic, his-tor'ik, Historical, his-tor'ik-al, adj'. pertaining' to history : containing history : da- rived from history. — adv. Historically. HlStoriette, his-tor-i-et', n. a short history or story. [Fr.] Historiographer, his-to-ri-og'ra-fer, n. a 7vriter of history : a professed or official historian. Historiography, his-to-ri-og'ra-fi, «. the art or employment of ■writing history. [Gr. Jiistorio- grafiliia — historia, and grapho, to write.] History, his'to-ri, n. an account of an event : a systematic account of the origin and progress of a nation : the knowledge of facts, events, &c. [L. and Gr. historia— Gr. historeo, to learn by inquiry — histor, knowing, learned, from the root id-, in eidenai, to know, which is found also in L. videre. Sans, vid, E. wit.\ Histrionic, his-tri-on'ik, Histrionlcal, his-tri-on'. ik-al, adj. relating to the stage or stage-players : befitting a theatre. — adv. Hlstrion'lcally. [L. - .istrionicns — histrio, Etruscan, primary form hister. a player.] Histrlonism, his'tri-o-nizm, n. the acts or practice of stage-playing, or of pantomime. Hit, hit, v.t. to light on that which is aimed at: to touch or strike: to reach: to suit. — v.i. to come in contact : to chance luckily : to succeed : — fir.p.\\\XX'\n