THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES
 
 HISTORY 
 
 UNITED STATES 
 N. VI. 
 
 OR, 
 
 
 
 UNCLE PHILIP'S 
 
 CONVERSATIONS WITH THE CHILDREN ABOUT 
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 
 
 IN TWO VOLUMES. 
 
 VOL. II. 
 
 NEW YORK: 
 
 HARPER & BROTHERS, PUBLISHERS, 
 
 F BAN KLIN SQUARE. 
 1864.
 
 Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1840, by 
 
 HARPER & BROTHERS, 
 In the Clerk's Oftce of the Southern District of New-York.
 
 CONTENTS 
 
 OF 
 
 THE SECOND VOLUME. 
 
 CONVERSATION I. 
 
 Uncle Philip tells the Children more about Governor Dudley, 
 and the Indian War commonly called Queen Anne's War 
 Mr. Shute, the successor of Mr. Dudley as Governor Mr. 
 Vaughan, the Lieutenant-governor Mr. Wentworth, who 
 was made Lieutenant-governor in place of Mr. Vaughan 
 
 Page 9 
 
 CONVERSATION II. 
 
 Uncle Philip tells the Children about several of the old Towns 
 in New-Hampshire Governor Shute and Mr. Wentworth 
 The Marquis De Vaudreiul and Ralle persuade the Indians 
 to fight the English Another Indian War, called LovewelPs 
 War 34 
 
 CONVERSATION III. 
 
 Untie Philip finishes the Story about LoveweWa War Paugus 
 Treaty of Peace Lovewell's Song 50 
 
 CONVERSATION IV. 
 
 Uncle Philip tells the Children of what he thinks of Mr. Went- 
 worth Talks about Mr. Burnet, Mr. Belcher, and Mr. Dun- 
 bar, who were sent to the Provinces to govern them The 
 Throat Distempei Mr. Belcher dismissed, and Benning 
 Wemworth appointed Governor of New-Hampshire . 68 
 
 A2
 
 VI CONTENTS. 
 
 CONVERSATION V. 
 
 Uncle Philip tells the Children about Mr. Wentworth Cap- 
 ture of Louisburg Reduction of Canada People who are 
 particular Captain Stevens Indian Warfare . . Page 86 
 
 CONVERSATION VI. 
 
 Uncle Philip tells the Children more of Governor Wentworth 
 The St. Francis Tribe of Indians Another War between 
 England and France, which ended in the reduction of Canada 
 by the English 101 
 
 CONVERSATION VII. 
 
 Uncle Philip tells the Children something more about the War 
 between the English and French The Reduction of Canada 
 by the English The Burning of the Village "of the St. 
 Francis Tribe of Indians, and the Punishment of the Tribe 
 
 118 
 
 CONVERSATION VIII. 
 
 Uncle Philip tells the Children about the Disputes between 
 New-Hampshire and New-York concerning Boundaries 
 Tells them about the Stamp Act, and what the People in 
 New-Hampshire said and did about it Governor Wentworth 
 resigns, and his Nephew takes his place 129 
 
 CONVERSATION IX. 
 
 Uncle Philip tells the Children about the new Governor, Mr. 
 John Wentworth Dartmouth College founded New-Hamp- 
 shire divided into Counties Peter Livius Troubles with 
 Great Britain 147 
 
 CONVERSATION X. 
 
 Uncle Philip talks about the gloomy state of Affairs in the 
 Colony The Battle of Lexington in Massachusetts, and th 
 assistance of the New-Hampshire People Declaration of 
 American Independence 163
 
 CONTENTS. Vll 
 
 CONVERSATION XL 
 
 Urcle Philip tells the Children about Mr. Bartlett, Mr. Tlora 
 ton, and Mr. Whipple, the Signers of the Declaration of Inde 
 pendence Page 181
 
 HISTORY 
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 
 
 CONVERSATION I. 
 
 Uncle Philip (ells the Children more about Governor Dudley, 
 and the Indian War commonly called Queen Anne's War- 
 Mr. Shute, the successor of Mr. Dudley as Governor Mr. 
 Vaughan, the Lieutenant-governor Mr. Wentworth, who 
 was made Lieutenant-governor in place of Mr. Vaughan. 
 
 " WE will talk more this morning about Mr 
 Hilton, the brave man with whom we parted 
 yesterday, if it would please you, children, to 
 hear of him." 
 
 " Yes, Uncle Philip, we would like to have 
 you tell us more of him." 
 
 " You will remember that the war was still 
 going on. It was in the winter of the year 1707 
 that Hilton made an excursion to the east with 
 two hundred and twenty men. On this occasion 
 the white men met with more success than usual, 
 for they found a number of the enemy. I will 
 tell you how they met with this good fortune." 
 ii. 2
 
 10 HISTORY OF 
 
 " Yes, Uncle Philip, I should like to hear." 
 " By accident, Hilton and his men came upon 
 an Indian track near a place called Black Point. 
 In following this, they overtook and seized an 
 Indian woman, who guided them to a place 
 where eighteen of their savage enemy lay asleep. 
 Fortunately for them, they reached the spot just 
 before the break of day, and succeeded in killing 
 seventeen of the Indians." 
 
 " What became of the other, sir 1" 
 "He was taken prisoner by the whites and 
 carried away. This action of Major Hilton 
 caused great rejoicing in New-Hampshire. You 
 know that it was common, in the time of which 
 we are speaking, for the white men to go out in 
 search of the Indians and not find them. In- 
 deed, very soon after this success, the people 
 began to take courage, and to talk about attack- 
 ing several places where the French and Indians 
 lived. Among other places, they thought of 
 sending out an expedition against Port Royal." 
 " But, Uncle Philip, it was said that the gov- 
 ernor was opposed to this. How was this, sir ?" 
 " Governor Dudley was now willing to under- 
 take this. Some said that he w r as ashamed of 
 having prevented Colonel Church from attacking 
 the place before, and was now determined that
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. II 
 
 
 
 it should be done, even if no forces should come 
 from England. Be this as it may, the governor 
 did all in his power to aid in getting ready for 
 the expedition, and in a very short time one 
 /housand men were ready to march for Port 
 .-loyal." 
 
 " Did they go out, sir ?" 
 
 " Yes. They sailed in a fleet of twenty-three 
 '-essek, taking with *Lf rn, as usual, a number of 
 ' ihde-boats." 
 
 "Uncle Philip, M T \/' use did they make of 
 j * whale-boats ?" 
 
 "They irjed them io ascend the rivers and 
 'mailer streams, \ibe> t the water was too shallow 
 j float their shipr." 
 
 " Did Major ET.con go with this expedition ?" 
 
 "Yes; he was among the men, and com- 
 /Danded one of tfie regiments. In a few days 
 'hey all arrived before Port Royal, and began 
 'he attack by burning some houses. The French 
 'jirere very much alarmed, and I think the place 
 might have been destroyed very easily. But just 
 nt that time orders were given that the English 
 )ldiers should return home, and thus the army 
 vas completely broken up." 
 
 " Pray, Uncle Philip, what was the cause of 
 Ons?"
 
 12 HISTORY OF 
 
 
 
 " The officers who had the .command were 
 dissatisfied. Some thought that the French fort 
 at Port Royal was too strong to be reduced. . If 
 they had been harmonious, each one ready and 
 willing to do what he could, I have no doubt but 
 the work might have been accomplished. 
 
 " But, for the want of this harmony, the sol- 
 diers were scattered, and many of them returned 
 home." 
 
 " How was Governor Dudley pleased with 
 this result, sir 1" 
 
 " He was very angry when these men returned, 
 and he sent them back again. They returned 
 to Port Royal, and there they fought a number 
 of skirmishes with the Indians, who tried to pre- 
 vent their landing. They were too few in num- 
 ber to succeed in their main design, and Port 
 Royal still held out successfully against them. 
 The army soon afterward went home, worn 
 down and discouraged." 9 
 
 " That was unfortunate, sir." 
 
 " Yes ; but this was not the worst part of the 
 expedition. While these soldiers were away 
 from home, some of the Indians chose that time 
 for attacking the towns in New-Hampshire, and 
 they did a great deal of mischief. Exeter and 
 Kingston suffered considerably from the enemy ;
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 13 
 
 Kingston especially, being a new settlement, 
 was much exposed. To increase the difficulties 
 and dangers, which were already fearful enough, 
 during this summer eight men deserted Kingston 
 and went to another settlement." 
 
 " That was cowardly, Uncle Philip." . 
 
 "It was certainly unkind in them, and they 
 deserved the treatment which they afterward re- 
 ceived." 
 
 " What was it, Uncle Philip ?" 
 
 "The remaining inhabitants complained to 
 the governor, and he ordered these men to be 
 arrested and tried as deserters, and to be sent 
 back to the defence of their settlement, or to do 
 military duty at the fort as long as it should 
 please the governor." 
 
 " That was right, sir." 
 
 " The state of the country at this time was 
 really distressed. Some of the best and bravest 
 men were abroad, while the Indians were busy 
 in their mischief about the towns and settle- 
 ments. The people earned their bread at the 
 continual hazard of their lives, never daring to 
 go abroad unarmed. They did not dare to ven- 
 ture far from the garrisons, even to plough and 
 plant their land ; while their families were 
 crowded together in their forts or block-houses." 
 
 VOL. u. B
 
 14 HISTORY OF 
 
 " Would the Indians attack them in the day- 
 time, while at their work ?" 
 
 " At any time, my lad, when they could find 
 a party out of the reach of the protection of the 
 garrison. In September of this year, a party of 
 Moha\ijk Indians, painted red, attacked with 
 furious shouts a company of whites who were 
 busy cutting and drawing timber in the woods. 
 Among these men was Captain Chesley, who 
 was known as a brave and useful man in New- 
 Hampshire. At the first fire they killed seven 
 and mortally wounded another. Chesley and 
 the few others remaining seized their guns and 
 returned the fire vigorously, and for a little 
 while they were able to keep the savages back. 
 But at last the whites were overpowered, and 
 the gallant Captain Chesley fell, and the Indians 
 bore off the scalps of the murdered men in tri- 
 umph." 
 
 " That was very bad indeed, sir." 
 
 " It was, surely ; and most people, under such 
 circumstances, would have given up at once in 
 despair. At the close of this year there was 
 very little to encourage any man, who was a 
 friend to the colony, in hoping for success in 
 this Indian war. Many did despair, but the 
 citizens of New -Hampshire seem to have yielded 
 to no discouragements.
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 15 
 
 " I never think of these brave men, my chil- 
 dren, and of their bold struggles, even when the 
 hope of success was almost dead, without a feel- 
 ing of pride for them. This was the most terri- 
 ble kind of war ; for they were fighting with an 
 enemy whom they could seldom see, and who 
 were almost every night lurking about their 
 dwellings ready to strike the blow." 
 
 " Oh, yes, Uncle Philip, there were brave men 
 then, and there are brave men now in New- 
 Hampshire. I know one brave man who was 
 born there, and that was my grandfather." 
 
 " Yes, my little friend, your grandfather was 
 a brave man, and the name of GENERAL STARK 
 will be remembered as that of a man useful to 
 his country. I shall have much to say about him 
 before we get through, but we will not speak of 
 him just now. At present we will talk more of 
 the war. 
 
 " I told you the people of New-Hampshire 
 were not easily discouraged by the dangers and 
 trials that surrounded them. Let me prove this 
 to you. In the beginning of the very next year, 
 1708, a large army was raised in Canada for 
 the purpose of coming down upon New-England, 
 and destroying the settlements far and wide. 
 The New-Hampshire people made themselves
 
 16 HISTORY OF 
 
 ready for defence. Governor Dudley heard of 
 the intended attack, and immediately posted 
 guards along the frontier, at the most exposed 
 points, to give the alarm if the French should 
 approach. The men readily obeyed, notwith- 
 standing the danger of the service. Others were 
 kept out continually as scouts, moving along the 
 coast in small boats, watching for the approach 
 of the enemy by water. 
 
 " But, fortunately for the colonies, the Canada 
 army met with so many accidents that no part 
 of New-Hampshire was attacked." 
 
 "Did the army reach New-England, Uncle 
 Philip 1 ?" 
 
 " A part of the army fell upon Haverhill in 
 Massachusetts, but they were so weakened by 
 their losses and accidents that they were forced 
 to make the best of*their way back. New- 
 Hampshire was now quiet, and, as the Canada 
 attack had failed, they were free from alarm." 
 
 " They were active, too, I suppose, sir." 
 
 " Major Hilton went out with a small party 
 in the winter of this year, for the purpose of an- 
 noying the Indians, but made no discoveries of 
 any consequence." 
 
 " He was always ready to go, Uncle Philip. 
 He must have had a natural hate for the In- 
 dians."
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 17 
 
 " He was a brave man, Robert, who never 
 feared an enemy, and was always ready to meet 
 him. He loved the safety and welfare of the 
 colonies more than he loved his own safety. 
 Such men are always ready to go, as you say. 
 Where the common safety and welfare of their 
 friends and neighbours are concerned, they never 
 stop to think of themselves. 
 
 "The people in New-Hampshire were not 
 yet satisfied ; and they resolved, if possible, to 
 put an end to this war, and also to punish the 
 French, who were the cause of all their trouble. 
 
 " They at first determined to make an attack 
 upon Canada, and had asked aid in England to 
 carry on the expedition." 
 
 " How did the government in England regard 
 this plan, Uncle Philip ?" 
 
 " They promised the necessary assistance, and 
 sent orders to the colonies to raise a force for 
 this service. The governors of the New-England 
 provinces raised and armed their troops, and 
 held them ready to march on the arrival of the 
 English forces ; but the whole enterprise was 
 finally abandoned." 
 
 " What was the cause of that, Uncle Philip ?" 
 
 "News came over from England that the 
 troops there destined for this service were to be
 
 18 HISTORY OF 
 
 otherwise employed ; and the fleet at Boston re- 
 fusing to convoy the American troops, the army 
 was disbanded. 
 
 "Attention was next turned toward Port 
 Royal. Fortunately for the colonies, they found, 
 just at this time, a warm friend to aid them. 
 This was Francis Nicholson, of whom you have 
 heard before." 
 
 " Oh, yes, sir ; he was lieutenant-governor of 
 Virginia." 
 
 " He had been, but was not at the time of 
 which I am now speaking. He went to Eng- 
 land to beg that assistance might be given to the 
 people in their attempt against Port Royal." 
 
 " Did he succeed, sir, in his request ?" 
 
 " Yes ; he came over with five ships and a 
 body of men. New-Hampshire raised her share 
 of the New-England force, and they set sail from 
 Boston on the 18th of September. Six days 
 after this they appeared before Port Royal, and 
 began to fire upon the town. The French saw 
 that there were no hopes of a successful resist- 
 ance, and, after a few shots, surrendered. Cap- 
 tain Vetch was appointed commander of the 
 place, and then it was that the English changed 
 the name from Port Royal to Annapolis, the 
 name which you now see written on the map.
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 19 
 
 This was done in honour of the ( good Queen 
 Anne.' " 
 
 " I am glad to hear that, Uncle Philip." 
 
 " Now tell me who it was that asked yester- 
 day if Hilton was killed." 
 
 " It was I, Uncle Philip." 
 
 " Very good, Charles ; you shall now hear, not 
 only that he was killed, but learn in what man- 
 ner he died. While his brave friends were en- 
 gaged in reducing Port Royal, he was murdered 
 at home." 
 
 " That is sad news, sir. I am sorry to hear 
 it." 
 
 " Yes, yes, and I am sorry to tell it ; but you 
 know that the man who tells you a story must 
 tell you the truth, whether it be pleasant or dis- 
 agreeable. If a man should pretend to teach 
 me history, and should tell me nothing but 
 pleasant stories, I should fear that he was not 
 always speaking the truth." 
 
 " Tell us why, Uncle Philip." 
 
 " I will ; but do you tell me first what history 
 means." 
 
 " You told us, when we first began to learn it, 
 what it meant. It is nothing but a story about 
 men who lived a long time ago in any country, 
 and also what these men did and suffered."
 
 20 HISTORY OF 
 
 " You are quite right. And now tell me if 
 you ever knew any man who did not have some 
 trouble in this world." 
 
 " No, Uncle Philip, I never did." 
 
 " Well, what that man did and suffered 
 throughout his life would be his history, would 
 it not?" 
 
 "Yes, Uncle Philip." 
 
 " Some events of his history would be agree- 
 able and pleasant to read and talk about. But 
 his trials, and sorrows, and misfortunes would 
 not be at all pleasant to hear about" 
 
 " Yes, sir, I know now what you mean. You 
 are going to say that the history of a country or 
 colony is like the history of a man. All men 
 suffer ; and, in talking to us about them, you 
 must, in telling the truth, sometimes speak of 
 their sufferings." 
 
 " Very well. I could tell you a part of the 
 history of a man or of a colony, and yet talk to 
 you only of pleasant and agreeable matters." 
 
 " But then, Uncle Philip, you would not tell 
 us the whole truth, and a few circumstances in 
 a man's life would not be his history." 
 
 " Yes, exactly so. Uncle Philip is now forced 
 to tell you of the death of Major Hilton. So you 
 will now listen.
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 21 
 
 " Hilton had many enemies, as you well konw 
 who were continually watching him, and he was 
 usually prudent enough to carry his arms for 
 safety. At the time of which I am speaking, 
 however, he had gone into the woods, at some 
 distance from his house, with several men, for the 
 purpose of cutting down large trees for the 
 masts of vessels. He was suddenly surprised by 
 a party of savages (who had been waiting for 
 him for some time), and was killed by the first 
 fire from their guns. Two other men were also 
 killed, but the rest escaped. And on the next 
 day, children, one hundred men went out in pur- 
 suit of the savages, but did not find them. Yet 
 they discovered the bodies of the three dead 
 men ; and poor Hilton was laying on his back, 
 with three or four hatchets resting in his head, 
 and a lance left sticking in his heart. The In- 
 dians hated him bitterly, and had therefore left 
 him in this way. 
 
 " But, my lads, it seems to me that, in these 
 times, when one brave white man died, another 
 very soon showed himself in his place. It is 
 generally in times of great difficulty and danger 
 to any country that great men are seen, because 
 then great men are necessary to save the coun- 
 try."
 
 22 HISTORY OF 
 
 " Well, Uncle Philip, I believe that ; for just 
 think of those great men in the Congress of 
 1774, of which you have told us. If there 
 had been no difficulties in the country, I do not 
 think that such a body of men would have as- 
 sembled." 
 
 " That is very true, my lad, and you will find 
 it true almost always. Great men are generally 
 seen in dangerous times. Hilton was no sooner 
 dead than there was another bold man to oppose 
 the savages. This man was Colonel Walton." 
 
 " Uncle Philip, let us hear something of him, 
 if you please." 
 
 " I cannot talk much of him, for it would take 
 up too much time just now, and I wish to hurry 
 on to the end of this Indian war. So I will tell 
 you but one story about him now. 
 
 " Soon after Hilton's death, Colonel Walton 
 went with nearly two hundred men to the east, 
 and many of the Indians were at that time out 
 upon the shores in search of clams. Walton and 
 his men stopped on an island near the shore, and 
 there raised a fire (for it was near winter). The 
 savages along the shore, seeing the smoke from 
 the fire, supposed that a party of friendly Indians 
 were there." 
 
 " So they went there, I suppose, sir ?"
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 23 
 
 " Yes ; they \vrnt there, and were made pris- 
 oners. One of these prisoners was an old sa- 
 chem, who was bold and sullen, and he refused 
 to answer any questions, or to give any informa- 
 tion which would help Colonel Walton and his 
 party to find the Indians. They threatened to 
 kill him, but he laughed at their threats, and 
 would disclose nothing. His wife, however, was 
 less bold and firm. She became alarme'd, and 
 disclosed all she knew about the plans of the 
 Indians and the places where they were con- 
 cealed. 
 
 " This afforded partial success to the people. 
 Walton followed the directions which she gave, 
 and discovered and put to death a number of the 
 enemy. The result of this expedition raised the 
 spirits of the people, and led them to hope for 
 complete victory over their savage foe." 
 
 " Did it frighten the Indians, Uncle Philip, as 
 much as it encouraged the colonists ?" 
 
 " No, I think not. They renewed again, after 
 a while, their ravages on the frontiers, sending 
 forth small parties to plunder and kill all they 
 could find." 
 
 " Well, sir, the people had done something to 
 make them feel hope and courage. Nicholson 
 succeeded in reducing Port Royal, and Walton
 
 24 HISTORY OF 
 
 was active and successful with the Indians. I 
 should think the good people would be encour- 
 aged to carry on the war bravely and warmly." 
 
 "Yes, that was the case. Do you remember 
 the story in our New-York history of the five In- 
 dians who went to see Queen Anne, to beg for 
 her assistance against the French ?"* 
 
 " Yes, sir, we remember it." 
 
 " Perhaps, too, you recollect I told you that 
 Nicholson, after taking Port Royal, aided these 
 Indians in their petition to the queen j for he was 
 anxious to conquer the French and Indians in 
 Canada." 
 
 " Oh, yes, sir ; I have not forgotten that." 
 
 "Then just tell me what you can recollect 
 about it." 
 
 "I remember that the queen did aid these 
 men, and- that she sent out forces, and that there 
 was an army of more than five thousand men 
 ready to go against Canada. The fleet sailed 
 from Boston, but was driven ashore in the. St 
 Lawrence River, and eight hundred men were 
 lost there. Many of the vessels were wrecked 
 there, and the remainder of the fleet returned 
 home. I recollect, too, that one of the ship?, 
 was blown up, and four hundred people were e" 
 board of her at the time." 
 
 * See Uncle Philip's History of New-York.
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 25 
 
 " Yes, Uncle Philip, that ship was called tin 
 Edgar." 
 
 " That is a very good account indeed of the 
 expedition. And now tell me at what time this 
 happened." 
 
 " Ah, Uncle Philip, I have forgotten that." 
 
 "In the year 1711. It is of the events of 
 this same year that we are now talking. So 
 you will see that this expedition, that you have 
 just told me about, has something to do with our 
 New-Hampshire history." 
 
 " Yes, Uncle Philip ; I remember that you told 
 us also that soldiers from New-England were in 
 that expedition." 
 
 " Very well. I wish you to bear in mind that 
 New-Hampshire bore her part in that underta- 
 king, for she was never backward in sending out 
 soldiers in defence of her country." 
 
 " Uncle Philip, as this expedition did not suc- 
 ceed, I should think that the people would have 
 been discouraged, and the French and Indians 
 still more troublesome." 
 
 " It did give confidence to the Indians ; and, 
 as soon as the season would allow, they went 
 out in parties, as usual, to murder and plunder 
 But the frontiers were constantly and faith- 
 fully guarded, and a body of the militia kept 
 ii. 3
 
 26 HISTORY OF 
 
 ready at the garrisons to march at a minute's 
 warning. A scout of forty men was out on 
 duty, ranging about the exposed points of the 
 colony, and a similar look-out was kept up on 
 the coast, to give the alarm should an enemy 
 approach by water. 
 
 " There is an anecdote told of a brave woman 
 who alone frightened away a party of Indians." 
 
 " Were there no men with her to assist her ?" 
 
 "Not a single person near her. She was 
 alone, at a place called Heard's Garrison, and 
 her name was Esther Jones. When the Indians 
 approached she mounted guard, and called out 
 so loudly, and gave her orders so boldly, that 
 the enemy thought there was a strong party at 
 hand ready to defend the garrison, and they 
 marched off. 
 
 " And now, as I can tell you nothing more of 
 this war, except that the Indians would occa- 
 sionally attack the people on Sundays as they 
 were going from church, and murder children, 
 and steal, and plunder, and do many other 
 wicked things, we will pass on down to the 
 treaty of Utrecht, of which you have heard 
 something before." 
 
 " Yes, Uncle Philip. It was a treaty of peace, 
 made in Europe, between England and France, 
 in 1713."
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 27 
 
 " Very good. The news of that peace reached 
 America, and that put an end to the war. The 
 Indians, as soon as they heard of the peace, 
 came in with a flag of truce to Casco, and de- 
 sired a treaty. 
 
 " And here, my children, another treaty was 
 signed. The Indians, as usual, confessed that 
 they had been cruel and treacherous, promised 
 to be faithful to the laws of England, and begged 
 the queen's pardon for having treated her sub- 
 jects so badly. The white men, though they 
 knew that the savages had often deceived them, 
 consented to this treaty for the sake of restoring 
 tranquillity and rest to the colony, and thus 
 ended what was commonly called ' Queen Anne's 
 
 " Well, Uncle Philip, I am pleased that this 
 war was ended. I hope the colony had rest for 
 some time now." 
 
 " You will learn, as we go on, how prosper- 
 ously New-Hampshire advanced, and what far- 
 ther troubles the people met with. But we must 
 not lose sight of Governor Dudley and Mr. 
 Usher." 
 
 " Yes, sir. How were the people pleased with 
 their management during the war ?" 
 
 " Usher frequently came into the province at
 
 28 HISTORY OF 
 
 the request of Governor Dudley, and sometimes 
 resided in it for several months at a time. He 
 behaved as a faithful servant of the crown ; in- 
 quired into the state of the garrisons and fron- 
 tiers, frequently visited them in person, and con- 
 sulted with the officers about the proper means 
 of defence and protection." 
 
 " The people must have regarded him with 
 more favour now, I think." 
 
 " The harshness of his manners, and the inter- 
 est he had in Allen's claims, prevented his gain- 
 ing that popularity which his good conduct 
 merited. He could never prevail upon the As- 
 sembly to settle a salary upon him." 
 
 " And did he receive no pay, Uncle Philip, 
 for his trouble ?" 
 
 " The Council generally allowed him a small 
 sum out of the treasury to pay his travelling ex- 
 penses for each journey; but this was a mere 
 trifle, not exceeding five or ten pounds each 
 time." 
 
 " Did he feel satisfied with that, sir ?" 
 
 " No ; he often complained, and sometimes 
 very harshly, but to little purpose. Governor 
 Dudley, on the other hand, had the good fortune 
 to be more popular. Besides his attention to the 
 general welfare of the colony, and his care for
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 29 
 
 its defence, he gained favour among the people 
 by opposing Allen's claim. And when he was 
 accused to the queen, and his removal from office 
 recommended, the people petitioned to her ma- 
 jesty in his behalf, and spoke of him as a pru- 
 dent, careful, and faithful governor. 
 
 " But there was a change in the English gov- 
 ernment, which caused the appointment of a new 
 governor for the colonies." 
 
 " Tell us, if you please, how that was." 
 
 " When you are older, and read the history 
 of England, you will find that George the First 
 became king soon after this peace was made. 
 
 "In the year 1714, 1 think, he ascended the 
 English throne. He immediately appointed an- 
 other man, named Burges, to be governor of 
 Massachusetts and New-Hampshire, and George 
 Vaughan was made lieutenant-governor under 
 him, to manage affairs in New-Hampshire." 
 
 " So Dudley was displaced, Uncle Philip. The 
 people thought him a good governor, sir." 
 
 " Yes ; they were well satisfied, as their peti- 
 tions in his favour prove. But it was now a 
 time of peace in England, and a number of 
 officers, who had gained reputation in the late 
 war, were out of employment ; and I suppose 
 the king was desirous to gratify some of his 
 c2
 
 30 HISTORY OF 
 
 friends by appointing them to office in the colo- 
 nies. 
 
 " Vaughan immediately came to this country, 
 and was kindly received by the people ; but Col- 
 onel Burges was persuaded not to coine at all, 
 and Colonel Shute was appointed in his place." 
 
 " What became of Mr. Dudley, sir ?" 
 
 "He retired to his family seat at Roxbury, 
 where he died a few years afterward. Governor 
 Shute came over in a little time, and it was not 
 long before difficulties sprung up between him 
 and Vaughan. So that I do not think that the 
 citizens of New-Hampshire were as well pleased 
 as they had been under Dudley's administration." 
 
 " Uncle Philip, what was the cause of their 
 difficulties ?" 
 
 " They were both ambitious, Charles, and this 
 seemed to occasion their trouble." 
 
 " Uncle Philip, is ambition wicked ?" 
 
 " No, my lad, the proper sort of ambition is 
 never sinful. A desire to improve such talents 
 as God has given us, and to be useful to our 
 fellow-men, is always praiseworthy. Is there no 
 story in the Bible about the servant who received 
 a talent from his master, and went and buried 
 it ? And do you not remember what his Lord 
 said to him ?"
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 31 
 
 " Yes, yes, Uncle Philip ; he was condemned 
 as a wicked and slothful servant for not impro- 
 ving his talent." 
 
 "True. Then you see that it is a duty foi 
 us to improve our faculties, because we thereby 
 glorify God who gave them to us. These facul- 
 ties, my children, belong to God always, and he 
 asks of us a good account of their improvement 
 and use. But suppose a man should use his tal- 
 ents solely for his own benefit, and should neither 
 seek nor care to honour God with them, nor to 
 do good to his fellow-creatures. What then ?" 
 
 " Why, Uncle Philip, he would be wicked." 
 
 " Certainly he would. The wickedness then 
 consists, not in using talents and in desiring to 
 make the most of them, but in using them im- 
 properly. Not to use them at all is to use them 
 improperly also. The man or child, then, who 
 is idle, is wicked. The person who desires to be 
 rich or great only to gratify himself, is wicked 
 also. But to desire that you may be great, and 
 wise, and good; that with your wisdom, and 
 knowledge, and wealth, and influence, you may 
 glorify God, and be useful to your fellow-men 
 who need your aid, is a noble ambition. Such 
 ambition as this I wish every one of my young 
 friends here to possess.
 
 32 HISTORY OP 
 
 " Oh, my children, if there was only this kind 
 of ambition upon earth, how happy a world 
 would you and Uncle Philip live in. 
 
 " But I am afraid these two men, Shute and 
 Vaughan, we're not influenced ly this proper sort 
 of ambition. Like many other men, they thought 
 more of their own greatness than of the people's 
 happiness. Shute said he was governor both 
 of Massachusetts and of New-Hampshire, and 
 Vaughan insisted that, when Shute was absent 
 in Massachusetts, he was himself the governor 
 of New-Hampshire. Both these men had their 
 friends, but Mr. Vaughan had very few. When 
 Governor Shute was in Boston, he sent an order 
 to Vaughan to appoint a day for a fast. This 
 order he did not obey. On another occasion he 
 ordered him to adjourn the Assembly, and, in- 
 stead of obeying this order, Vaughan exercised 
 his own authority and dissolved the Assembly. 
 Governor Shute then hurried from Boston to 
 Portsmouth, where he found Mr. Vaughan, and, 
 after a great deal of difficulty and dispute, which 
 would not give you any pleasure to listen, to nor 
 Uncle Philip any pleasure to tell, the whole 
 matter was referred to the king." 
 
 " And how did the king settle the difficulty ?" 
 
 " He displaced Mr. Vaughan, and appointed
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 33 
 
 John Wentworth lieutenant-governor in his 
 stead. 
 
 " Mr. Wentworth was a grandson of William 
 Wentworth, who was one of the earliest settlers 
 in the province ; and, having been for five years 
 a member of the Council, he was esteemed as a 
 useful and honest man." 
 
 " The people were pleased, then, with the ap- 
 pointment of Mr. Wentworth ?" 
 
 " Yes. In our next conversation I will talk 
 more about him ; but we will now stop, for Uncle 
 Philip gets fatigued even with talking to the 
 children."
 
 34 HISTORY OF 
 
 CONVERSATION H. 
 
 Uncle Philip tells the Children about several of the old Townt 
 in New-Hampshire Governor Shute and Mr. Wentworth 
 The Marquis De Vaudreiul and Ralle persuade the Indians 
 to fight the English Another Indian War, called LovewelPs 
 War. 
 
 " COME in, children ; I am ready for you. We 
 have talked about several towns in New-Hamp- 
 shire, and you have learned how these towns 
 were settled. These are Portsmouth, and Dover, 
 and Exeter, and Hampton." 
 
 " Yes ; and Kittery too, Uncle Philip." 
 
 " Very true. And I shall now tell you of an- 
 other settlement, and, after that, we will go on 
 with the government of Shute and Wentworth. 
 Now tell me, Caroline, is there such a place as 
 Londonderry in New-Hampshire ?" 
 
 " Oh, yes, there it is ; west of Hampton, on 
 Beaver River." 
 
 "Yes. I will tell you how this place was 
 settled. In the year 1719, there was a large 
 number of men who came from the northern 
 part of Ireland to America. These men were 
 Scotchmen, who had settled in Ireland, and had 
 been badly treated in that country by King
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 35 
 
 James the Second on account of their religion. 
 After William was made king they were treated 
 better than before ; but they had heard fine re- 
 ports of the New World, and were anxious to 
 come over, hoping to better their fortunes. 
 
 " They therefore sailed, and, on a clear day 
 in the month of October, they reached Boston. 
 The company consisted of about one hundred 
 families. Immediately on coming ashore they 
 petitioned for a piece of land, and were allowed 
 to choose for themselves a township six miles 
 square. After searching for some time, sixteen 
 of these families found a tract of land that pleased 
 them, just north of what was then called Nut- 
 field." 
 
 " I do not see that place, Uncle Philip. The 
 name must be changed to Londonderry." 
 
 "Not to Londonderry. It was changed to 
 Haverhill. Do you see it ?" 
 
 "Yes, sir; there it is, on the Merrimack 
 River." 
 
 " As soon as spring opened, these men went 
 from Haverhill, where they left their families, 
 and built some huts near a small stream which 
 empties itself into Beaver River, and which they 
 called West-running Brook. As these men had 
 been persecuted by King James for their religion,
 
 86 HISTORY OF 
 
 it is right for you to know that many of them 
 were pious men. The very evening after their 
 arrival at this new spot, they all collected to- 
 gether, and a sermon was preached to them. I 
 have seen the very tree under which that sermon 
 was preached. It is a large, old oak, and to 
 this very day the people regard that tree with 
 great veneration. 
 
 " As soon as they could collect their families 
 and get a little comfortable in their new homes, 
 they invited a man by the name of Macgregor 
 to be their minister. 
 
 " You know that Ireland is a famous place for 
 manufacturing linen. These people, coming from 
 that country, brought over with them the neces- 
 sary materials for making linen, and were soon 
 engaged in this business. Their spinning-wheels 
 were a great curiosity to the people. Have any 
 of you ever seen flax spun on a wheel turned by 
 the foot r 
 
 " Yes, sir, I have." 
 
 " This was, at that time, a new machine in the 
 colonies, and of course it excited considerable 
 attention. 
 
 "They also introduced the potato into this 
 state. They were industrious and prudent, and 
 of course they got on pretty well in this new
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE 37 
 
 
 
 country. Two years after this, their settlement 
 took the name of Londonderry. Can any of you 
 think of a reason why they should give it this 
 name ?' 
 
 " No, sir." 
 
 " The town they left in Ireland, and where 
 some of them had suffered, had that name. 
 
 "The settlement of these emigrants opened 
 the way and gave encouragement to others. 
 Some of the inhabitants of Portsmouth, Exeter, 
 and Haverhill applied for grants of land for 
 new plantations; and about this year, Chester, 
 Nottingham, Barrington, and Rochester were 
 laid out. Look for the places on the map." 
 
 " I see, sir. There is Chester to the north of 
 Londonderry, and there is Nottingham north of 
 Chester." 
 
 " Yes ; and the other two are still higher up, 
 in Strafford county." 
 
 " Yes, sir. I see them now, sir." 
 
 " Very good. We will now return to Govern- 
 or Shute and Mr. Wentworth. The governor's 
 difficulties did not end when Vaughan was dis- 
 missed and gent home." 
 
 " Did he have difficulties with Mr. Wentworth, 
 Uncle Philip ?" 
 
 " He had no trouble with him, but his trou- 
 
 VOL. n. D
 
 38 HISTORY OF 
 
 bles arose about the Massachusetts boundary- 
 lines. There were many in that province who 
 disliked him, on account of the part which he 
 took in that question. 
 
 " His enemies in Massachusetts were so strong, 
 and so much against him, that he thought it 
 would be pleasanter for him to ask leave to re- 
 turn to England." 
 
 " Was he a bad governor, Uncle Philip ?" 
 
 " He was of a land and obliging disposition ; 
 but he had been so long used to military com- 
 mand, that he could not bear, as patiently as he 
 ought, the vexations of his office. Soldiers, you 
 know, are accustomed to a strict obedience to 
 commands. It is difficult for one who has been 
 many years subject to such strict discipline, to 
 bear the disputes and vexations which are likely 
 to arise in the government of such a colony as 
 New-Hampshire then was. 
 
 " The people of New-Hampshire were satis- 
 fied with Governor Shute as far as they were 
 concerned, and were disposed to do what they 
 could to make his administration pleasant to 
 him. But he found his troubles increasing, and 
 he asked permission to return home. It is said 
 that he carried home many complaints against 
 the colony."
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 39 
 
 " And Mr. Wentworth was then left in charge 
 of the government ?" 
 
 " Yes, for a time ; and he behaved very well. 
 Just before Governor Shute left the colony, the 
 Indians began war again, and it was during 
 this war that Wentworth showed himself an ac- 
 tive and brave man." 
 
 " Uncle Philip, what was the cause of this 
 war ? These Indians were very treacherous, and 
 careless of their promises. Did they have any 
 cause for beginning another war ?" 
 
 " They said they had. After the peace of 
 Utrecht, many of the white men went beyond 
 the river Kennebeck, and there settled them- 
 selves down on the lands which suited them 
 best. They built their huts and mills, and the 
 Indians found fault with all this. They said that 
 the noise made by the mills had frightened the 
 fish away from the streams," 
 
 " That was a singular reason for a war, sir." 
 
 " Besides this, they said that the white men 
 had no right to the lands which they had taken. 
 The white men said that they bought the land, 
 and paid for it". 
 
 " If that was true, they had a right to it, Uncle 
 Philip." 
 
 "Certainly. But the Indians declared that
 
 40 HISTORY OF 
 
 the lands had been bought from their fathers 
 when they were drunk, and that the white men 
 had taken advantage of them ; giving them tire- 
 water to make them drunk, and then cheating 
 them. 
 
 " However, these difficulties, I think, might 
 have been settled without shedding any blood, 
 if the French had not been anxious to encourage 
 the Indians in making war. Did you ever hear 
 anything of a Frenchman named Sebastian 
 Ralle 1" 
 
 " What, Father Ralle, the Indian missionary, 
 of whom you told us in the history of Massachu- 
 setts ?" 
 
 " Yes, the very same. Well, I am sorry to 
 say, he was a wicked man." 
 
 " What, Uncle Philip, a wicked man, and a 
 missionary among the savages 1 Can a wicked 
 man be a Christian missionary ?" 
 
 " No wicked man can truly teach the Chris- 
 tian religion, because he does not understand it ; 
 and, if that was not necessary, he could not and 
 would not illustrate its influence in his own life. 
 Such a man may pretend to teach it, and he 
 may act like a pious and good man before 
 others, when he is all the while a wretched and 
 miserable hypocrite. Still he gains nothing by
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 41 
 
 such deceit, for God sees the heart always, and 
 he will punish him for such wickedness hereafter. 
 
 "But Ralle, as I said, lived among the In- 
 dians, and they became very devotedly attached 
 to him. I have heard that, on one occasion, 
 Governor Shute held a conference with some of 
 the Indians, and offered them an Indian Bible, 
 and a preacher to explain it to them ; but they 
 told him t that God had given them teaching 
 already, and if they should go from that, they 
 would displease him.' And afterward, when 
 one of these sachems was asked why the Indians 
 were so much pleased with the French, he an- 
 swered, ' Because the French have taught us to 
 pray to God, but the English never did.' So 
 you see that they were strongly attached to Halle 
 and his religion. 
 
 " This man, therefore, was anxious that they 
 should fight the English, and persuaded them to 
 begin the war. He had a flag, on which was 
 painted a cross, the sacred symbol of the Chris- 
 tian religion, and around this cross were repre- 
 sented the bow and arrows, and tomahawk, the 
 cruel weapons of Indian warfare. Before he 
 sent them out to battle he would display this 
 flag on a pole, and give them his absolution and 
 blessing." 
 
 ii. 4
 
 42 HISTORY OF 
 
 " Uncle Philip, he made the Christian religion 
 a means of promoting war and bloodshed." 
 
 " Yes. And it happened to him as our blessed 
 Saviour once said, he that taketh the sword shall 
 perish with the sword" 
 
 " Yes. I recollect, Uncle Philip, he was 
 killed in the war, as you told us in the history 
 of Massachusetts."* 
 
 " The Marquis De Vaudreiul, the governor of 
 Canada, wrote letters to Father Ralle continu- 
 ally, urging him to send the savages out against 
 the English, and even promising to aid them. 
 But this promise was made very secretly, be- 
 cause France and England were then at peace, 
 and the governor had no right to make such a 
 promise." . 
 
 " Uncle Philip, why did he do this ?" 
 
 " The French and English, though at peace, 
 disliked each other at that time very much. 
 Indeed, there has always been considerable jeal- 
 ousy existing between these two nations. Per- 
 haps the French governor thought that the best 
 way to make the Indians his friends was to in- 
 fluence them to hate the English. Be this as it 
 may, these two men succeeded in creating a war, 
 by urging the Indians to commit hostilities on 
 * Uncle Philip's History of Massachusetts, vol. ii., p. 62
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 43 
 
 the English settlements in the vicinity of the 
 Kennebeck." 
 
 " That was very treacherous conduct, sir, on 
 the part of these two Frenchmen." 
 
 " It certainly was. The people in that neigh- 
 bourhood were discouraged by the hostilities of 
 the Indians, and many of them determined to 
 remove. Their cattle were killed, their hay and 
 fodder burned, and other depredations were com- 
 mitted upon them." 
 
 " Did the whites do anything to protect them- 
 selves, sir ?" 
 
 "Yes. The garrisons were re-enforced, anrt 
 scouting parties were sent out to give the alarm 
 should the enemy approach. The Indians were 
 alarmed at this display of force, though at first 
 they seemed resolute in demanding the removal 
 of the English. They were told that they must 
 either maintain perfect peace, or submit to the 
 chances of open war; and, finding that there 
 was no other alternative, they desired to make 
 peace. They made the English a present of 
 some skins, and gave up four of their young men 
 as hostages l'< r their-good behaviour. 
 
 " However, the people were not yet satisfied. 
 They thought that Ralle had made all this trou- 
 ble, and they were anxious to seize him. A
 
 44 HISTORY OF 
 
 party was therefore sent out to take him. They 
 arrived near his house without being discovered 
 but, before they could fairly surround it, Ralle 
 got the alarm, and made his escape into the 
 woods." 
 
 " So they accomplished nothing this time, Un- 
 cle Philip ?" 
 
 " They did not accomplish their main design. 
 After searching the woods for Father Ralle, they 
 returned and entered his house, but found no- 
 thing except a box, which contained his letters 
 and other papers. This was a valuable discov- 
 ery in one respect." 
 
 " How so, Uncle Philip ?" 
 
 "Among the papers they seized they found 
 the letters of Vaudreiul, which he had written to 
 Father Ralle, advising him to encourage the In- 
 dians in their hostilities. These letters proved 
 that the French governor in Canada was acting 
 a base and dishonest part." 
 
 " Did the war end here, Uncle Philip *?" 
 
 " No. This attempt to seize Ralle caused the 
 Indians to be very angry, and they began again 
 to make disturbance and da injury. They made 
 prisoners of nine families at a place called Mer- 
 ry-meeting Bay. Some of them they set free, 
 but they kept enough of them to exchange for
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 45 
 
 the hostages they had given to the English. 
 These they sent to Canada. They also surprised 
 some fishing vessels along the eastern coast, and 
 at length made a furious attack upon the town 
 of Brunswick, which they destroyed." 
 
 " They were really disposed for war, sir." 
 
 " Yes ', and the English met them not less 
 openly and earnestly. The first appearance of 
 the enemy in New-Hampshire was at Dover, 
 where they surprised and killed a number of 
 men, and carried away captive several children. 
 They made an attack, also, upon the people at 
 Oyster River; surprised them on their return 
 from public worship on Sunday, and killed two 
 or three. 
 
 " The whites did what they could to protect 
 themselves. They kept watch ; went to their 
 work, and even to church, armed ; slept at the 
 garrison every night, and offered a large reward 
 for Indian scalps. But the enemy were, as usual, 
 crafty and secret in their movements, coming 
 upon them when least expected, and.taking every 
 possible advantage of time and circumstances. 
 
 " There was a man at Oyster Bay named Da- 
 vis, who was at work in his cornfield with his 
 son. They went to a brook to drink, and found 
 three Indian packs. They immediately gave
 
 46 HISTORY OF 
 
 notice of the discovery to the volunteer company, 
 and guided them to the place. The cunning 
 Indians had concealed themselves, and fired 
 upon the party as they approached, and killed 
 Davis and his son." 
 
 " That was sad, Uncle Philip." 
 
 " The whites fired, and killed one and wound- 
 ed two others, but they made their escape. The 
 Indian who was killed was one of their chiefs, 
 and wore a kind of crown made of fur, coloured 
 scarlet, to which hung four small bells. He was 
 not a full-blood Indian ; and from some papers 
 they found with him, and a Roman Catholic 
 book of devotion which he carried, he was sup- 
 posed to be a son of Ralle. His scalp was pre- 
 sented to the lieutenant-governor, and the bounty 
 paid to the company. 
 
 " I could tell you of a great many other in- 
 teresting adventures connected with this war, 
 and many sad stories of suffering and captivity. 
 I will relate to you the sufferings of a Mr. Han- 
 son, who lived at Dover, if you would like to 
 hear about him." 
 
 " Yes, Uncle Philip ; tell us, if you please, of 
 this Mr. Hanson." 
 
 " He belonged to the society of Friends, or 
 Quakers, as they are called ; and although he
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 47 
 
 lived on the outskirts of the town, with a large 
 family, and exposed to the Indians if they should 
 make an attack, yet he could not be persuaded 
 to remove to the garrison for safety. A party 
 of Mohawks had marked this house for their 
 prey j and while he and his eldest daughter were 
 gone to attend a meeting, and his two eldest 
 sons were at a distance at work, the Indians en- 
 tered the house, killed and scalped two small 
 children, and took his wife and her infant, only 
 fourteen days old, and three other children, and 
 carried them away." 
 
 " That was terrible work, sir." 
 
 " When the father and daughter returned, the 
 poor girl first saw the two little children dead 
 at the door. She screamed; and her mother, 
 who was a prisoner in the woods, and her broth- 
 ers, who were at work in the meadow, heard 
 her cries. Pursuit was immediately made for 
 the savages, but they escaped with their pris- 
 oners." 
 
 " Where did they carry the mother and her 
 children ?" 
 
 " They were taken to Canada, Mary, and 
 there sold." 
 
 " Did she never come home again, sir ?" 
 
 " Mr. Hanson removed the rest of his family
 
 48 
 
 HISTORY OF 
 
 to a place of safety, and the next spring went to 
 Canada and brought home his wife and his chil- 
 dren, excepting the eldest daughter, whom he 
 could not obtain. She was afterward married 
 to a Frenchman, and never came back. 
 
 " This attack upon Dover only made the 
 white men more determined against the Indians 
 and Father Ralle, whom they resolved either to 
 seize or put to death. Two companies, of one 
 hundred men in each, under the command of 
 captains Moulton and Harman, started for the 
 country where this French priest lived. This 
 time they succeeded, as I told you in our conver- 
 sations about Massachusetts. They killed Ralle 
 and about eighty of his Indians, destroyed his 
 village and the little chapel where they wor- 
 shipped, and brought away some captives, and 
 everything which they could find of any value." 
 " He was truly a wicked man, Uncle Philip." 
 " Yes, my children, I think he was a bad man ; 
 but remember always that it was not religion, 
 but the want of it, that made him wicked. The 
 Gospel teaches us to be good ; and if men 
 would obey the Gospel, there would be no such 
 bad men as he was. At the time of his death 
 he had seen almost seventy years, more than 
 half of which had been passed among the In-
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 49 
 
 dians in the forests of America. He had lived 
 a long but almost a useless life." . 
 
 " What did the Indians do, now that Father 
 Ralle was dead ?" 
 
 " Many of them were frightened so that 
 they deserted their villages and retired into the 
 woods. They still kept up their mischief, though 
 they had learned to be still more cautious. In 
 the mean time, the success of Harman and Moul- 
 ton encouraged the white people to go out in 
 search of the Indians, and to ca*rry on the war 
 still more vigorously. 
 
 " Among these brave men there was one who 
 lived at Dunstable, who was very active, and 
 distinguished himself so much in this war that 
 his name was connected with the struggle, and 
 it was .called LoveweWs war. I must tell you 
 of this brave man. 
 
 " But that story we will reserve for our next 
 conversation. I see that it is likely to rain, and 
 you had better go home before it begins. Good- 
 by, children." 
 
 Good-by, Uncle Philip."
 
 50 HISTORY OF 
 
 CONVERSATION m. 
 
 Uncle Philip finishes the Story aoout LoveweWs War Paugua 
 Treaty of Peace LovewelFs Song. 
 
 " WELL, Uncle Philip, we have come again to 
 hear you tell about that brave man who carried 
 on the war against the Indians. What was his 
 name 1 Lovewell 1" 
 
 " Yes. John Lovewell was the man. He 
 was distinguished, as I told you, by his success 
 in fighting the Indians, and you will hear also 
 that his misfortunes made him remarkable. 
 
 " He at first raised a company of thirty men, 
 and made an excursion to Lake Winnipiseogee. 
 There he found a wigwam which contained only 
 an Indian man and boy. They killed and 
 scalped the man, and brought the boy a prisoner 
 to Boston, where they received the promised 
 bounty, and a present besides farther to encour- 
 age them. His company was now increased, 
 and he found himself in command of seventy 
 stout and brave men. 
 
 " They marched again to the same place 
 where they had killed the Indian two months 
 before, and found his body as they had left it.
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 51 
 
 In a little time their provisions began to fail, 
 and thirty of the company were allowed to 
 return home. The remaining forty continued 
 their march till they fell upon an Indian trail or 
 track, which they cautiously followed till nearly 
 sunset, when they saw the smoke of a fire before 
 them. This was a sign that a party of Indians 
 had encamped there for the night." 
 " Did they discover the Indians, sir 1" 
 " They kept themselves concealed till mid- 
 night, and then crept forward carefully and si- 
 lently, and found ten of the savage foe asleep 
 around the fire, which they had kindled upon 
 the bank of a frozen pond. Lovewell deter- 
 mined to make sure work, and, at a given signal, 
 five of his men fired, and each shot killed an 
 Indian. The others immediately sprang upon 
 their feet, and were all shot down except one, 
 who was severely wounded, but attempted to 
 make his escape across the ice. He was seized 
 by a faithful dog belonging to the party, and 
 held fast- until he could be despatched. The 
 work was done in a few minutes, and so much 
 injury was saved to the colonies." 
 
 " That was very fortunate, Uncle Philip." 
 " These Indians were on their way from Can- 
 ada with ammunition, and blankets, and snow-
 
 52 HISTORY OF 
 
 shoes, and in two days more would have been 
 down upon the frontiers, and busy at their sav- 
 age work. 
 
 " In honour of the brave captain, this pond is 
 called LovewelPs Pond. It is situated in the 
 town of Wakefield. If you should ever visit 
 that spot, you will hear this story told with tri- 
 umph, and the spot will be pointed out to you, 
 as it was to Uncle Philip, where the poor sav- 
 ages slept their last sleep. 
 
 " The men returned to Dover proud of their 
 success. From thence they went to Boston, 
 where they were gladly received, and were paid 
 the bounty which they had so nobly earned. 
 
 " Encouraged by this success, Lovewell started 
 again with forty-six men. With this body of 
 men he determined to attack Pigwacket, an In- 
 dian village in the northern part of the state, on 
 the Saco River, which had been the residence 
 of a powerful tribe, and which they still occa- 
 sionally inhabited." 
 
 " Pigwacket is not on the map, Uncle Philip. 
 Where was that place ?" 
 
 " If you will look in Maine, you will see the 
 town of Fryeburg on the Saco. That is now the 
 name of the place." 
 
 " Yes, sir ; here it is."
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 53 
 
 " One of Lovewell's men fell sick on the way. 
 So he built a stockade fort, and left the sick 
 man, and nine more to take care of and pro- 
 tect him. 
 
 " The rest of the party marched on till they 
 came to a pond, about twenty miles from the 
 fort, and there they stopped for the night upon 
 its shore. Early the next morning, while they 
 were at their prayers for some of these men 
 were religious, and they had a chaplain with 
 them they heard the report of a gun. They 
 started up, and, looking out over the pond, they 
 saw, on a point of land which extended into the 
 water, a single Indian standing with his gun. 
 He was nearly a mile distant from them. 
 
 " They had been alarmed the night before by 
 noises around the camp, which they imagined 
 was made by the Indians, and this opinion was 
 now strengthened. They suspected that this In- 
 dian w r as placed there to decoy them, and that 
 they should find a body of the enemy somewhere 
 in the vicinity. 
 
 " But Lovewell and his men determined to do 
 what they could, and they started to go round 
 the pond and seize this Indian. To be ready 
 for action if they should meet any others, they 
 left their packs among the bushes near where
 
 54 HISTORY OF 
 
 they had made their camp. They succeeded in 
 finding the Indian, whom they shot down and 
 scalped. Then they returned to the place where 
 they had left their packs." 
 
 " Did they find any more Indians, Uncle 
 Philip ?" 
 
 " While they were gone after the Indian, as 
 I just told you, two parties of savages, under the 
 command of Paugus and Wahwa, who had been 
 down the Saco, had followed the track of Love- 
 well's men, and found their packs and carried 
 them off. These Indians had found out, by 
 counting the packs, that their party was stronger 
 than the white men's, and they concealed them- 
 selves near by to wait for Lovewell's return." 
 
 " Did Lovewell suspect that this party of In- 
 dians was there ?" 
 
 " Not until he returned and found that their 
 packs were gone. While they were searching 
 for them, the Indians suddenly sprang out from 
 their concealment, shouting horribly, and, rushing 
 forward, fired into the party of white men. Love- 
 well and his men returned the fire bravely ; but 
 the gallant captain and eight of his men were 
 killed almost immediately." 
 ^ " Uncle Philip, that was a sad thing for the 
 white men."
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 55 
 
 " Several Indians fell too ; but, having a larger 
 number of men, and being partially concealed 
 from the sight of the English, they kept up the 
 attack. They continued to fight furiously, and 
 the brave whites fell one after another. They 
 were almost driven into the pond, but still they 
 opposed the Indians, as if determined to conquer 
 or die. 
 
 " The battle, my children, continued from ten 
 o'clock in the morning till nearly nightfall, be- 
 fore the savages retired and left the dead upon 
 the ground." 
 
 " That was a hard fight, Uncle Philip." 
 
 " Yes, yes, my lad. The white men held out 
 during the day, with nothing to eat and no time 
 to rest. And here I must tell you that I think 
 they would all have been lost after Lovewell's 
 death, had it not been for a brave man named 
 Wyman who was with them. As it was, only 
 nine of the company escaped unhurt, and they, 
 with many of the wounded, started for the fort 
 where they had left the sick man just as the moon 
 was rising. One poor man was too badly wound- 
 ed to travel : his name was Robbins. The white 
 men were therefore forced to leave him behind ; 
 and I have read that, when they parted with 
 him, Robbins begged that they would load his
 
 56 HISTORY OF 
 
 gun and lay it by his side, that, if the Indians 
 returned, he might have one more shot at them." 
 
 " And so they left him, sir i" 
 
 " Left him among the dead. They then re- 
 turned to the fort, but it was entirely deserted, 
 and the men gone home." 
 
 " How was that, sir ? Why had the men left 
 the fort ?" 
 
 " In the beginning of the fight, one of Love- 
 well's men deserted and fled back to his com- 
 panions at the fort. When he arrived there, he 
 told them that Lovewell was killed and his men 
 cut off. They then started and made the best 
 of their way home, leaving behind, fortunately 
 for the remnant of the party, a quantity of pro- 
 visions." 
 
 " Did the Indians lose many of their number, 
 Uncle Philip 1 ?" 
 
 " Yes ; and among them was their chief Pau- 
 gvs, who was a noted man. I have heard an 
 old man tell how he fell, but I have never seen 
 the story in any history of that battle, and I 
 know not how true it is. I will tell it to you as 
 the old man told it to me. 
 
 " * Towards the latter part of the engagement, 
 Paugus went to the pond to wash his gun, which 
 had become very foul by continued firing through
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 57 
 
 the day. Not far from him he discovered a 
 white man, who was busy cleaning out his own 
 gun. They saw each other, and, without a 
 word, each one finished washing and wiping his 
 gun, and then began to load with powder and 
 ball. It was evident that the one who could 
 load the quickest would have the first shot at 
 the other. They began at the same instant. 
 Paugus was expert with the gun, as all Indians 
 were. They watched each other narrowly, and 
 it was very doubtful which would gain the first 
 fire. They charged with powder and ball al- 
 most at the same instant. The Indian had then 
 to prime his gun, while, fortunately, the white 
 man's gun, in loading, had been primed by the 
 charge which was put into the barrel. The 
 white man was ready a moment first. He raised 
 his gun, and, almost as soon, Paugus levelled at 
 him. He fired, and the ball passed through the 
 heart of the Indian, who leaped into the air, his 
 gun going off at the same time, and fell upon 
 the ground dead.' ' 
 
 " And the white man escaped, Uncle Philip 1" 
 
 " Yes. Paugus's ball whistled by him in the 
 air without reaching its aim." 
 
 " That was very fortunate, sir." 
 
 " The poor remnant of Lovewcll's party, after
 
 58 HISTORY OF 
 
 refreshing themselves upon the provisions they 
 found at the deserted fort, continued their march 
 homeward. Many of the wounded died by the 
 way, and were buried. The others, after en- 
 during the most severe hardships, arrived one 
 after another, and were received with joy. 
 
 " After they reached home, a party of men 
 was sent out to bury the dead j but, by some mis- 
 take, they did not succeed in finding the place. 
 Soon after this, another company from Dunstable, 
 under the command of Colonel Tyng, reached 
 the spot, and, finding the bodies of twelve of the 
 brave men, they buried them, and cut their 
 names upon the trees which stood near where 
 the battle was fought. Twenty years ago Uncle 
 Philip was at that spot. The trees were still 
 standing, with the exception of one, which had 
 decayed and fallen. They were bruised by the 
 balls, many of which had been cut out, and the 
 names could scarcely be read, the bark having 
 closed and grown over them. The party from 
 Dunstable also found near the spot three Indian 
 graves, which they opened. In one of these 
 they discovered the body of Paugus" 
 
 " The savages had gone back and buried him, 
 Uncle Philip !" 
 
 " Yes ; and left the white men unburied."
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 59 
 
 " Uncle Philip, I think these men deserved a 
 better monument than the old trees." 
 
 " Undoubtedly they did. For, though they 
 were surprised and cut off, the expedition was 
 useful to the colony. So bravely and perseve- 
 ringly had the white men fought, that the In- 
 dians became alarmed, and deserted their village 
 of Pigwacket. 
 
 "After this, children, the people in Massa- 
 chusetts and New-Hampshire determined to send 
 messengers to the Marquis de Vaudreiul, the 
 governor of Canada, to request that he would no 
 longer aid the savages. Three men were there- 
 fore chosen, who, after a long and severe jour- 
 ney, reached Montreal, and there met the French 
 governor. They delivered their message to him ; 
 but he denied ever having given assistance or 
 encouragement to the Indians." 
 
 " Then, Uncle Philip, he told a falsehood." 
 
 " Surely he did, and these messengers proved 
 it ; for they had with them the letters which he 
 had written to Father Halle, which had been 
 seized, as I told you the other morning. They 
 showed him his own letters, and proved him 
 false by his own words." 
 
 " That was proof enough, Uncle Philip." 
 
 " Yes, but they had more. There was a Mo-
 
 60 HISTORY OF 
 
 hawk Indian then in Montreal, who confessed 
 that De Vaudreiul had given him arms to fight 
 against the people in New-England." 
 
 " What could he say to that, sir 1" 
 
 " When he found he could deny it no longer, 
 he pretended that he was very anxious that 
 peace should be made between the Indians and 
 the English. He promised to do what he could 
 to bring this about, and to restore the captives 
 who were in the hands of the French. He 
 therefore caused several Indians to meet these 
 messengers at Montreal for the purpose of ma- 
 king peace. 
 
 " The messengers told them that they had no 
 right to enter into a treaty ; but that the Indians, 
 if they were anxious to put an end to the war, 
 could go to Portsmouth or Boston, and there 
 treat with the white men.'* 
 
 " Why did not these messengers make a trea- 
 ty, Uncle Philip, while the Indians were ready ?" 
 
 " Because they had no authority from the col- 
 onies ; and, if they had possessed authority, they 
 would not have yielded to the conditions which 
 the Indians asked." 
 
 " What were the conditions, sir ?" 
 
 " The Indians proposed that the English should 
 abandon all Iheir forta, and remove their settle-
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 61 
 
 ments one mile west of the Saco River ; that 
 they should rebuild their chapel at Norridgewock, 
 and restore to them their priest, and then they 
 would be brothers again." 
 
 " Did the Indians go to Portsmouth to make 
 a treaty 1" 
 
 " No ; they refused to go, and the messengers 
 returned to New-Hampshire and reported what 
 had been done. Then the people resolved to 
 carry on the war, and began to raise soldiers. 
 At the same time, they sent to the King of Eng- 
 land a complaint against the French governor. 
 
 "But, my children, though these messengers 
 had failed to bring the Indians to peace, a cir- 
 cumstance took place which providentially put 
 an end to the \var." 
 
 " Let us hear what it was, Uncle Philip " 
 " There were two Indian prisoners at Boston 
 when the messengers came back. The English, 
 as I said, began to make preparations for carry- 
 ing on the war, and, at the same time, allowed 
 these prisoners to visit their countrymen. They 
 reported among the Indians that the English 
 were getting ready to fight ; that they were col- 
 lecting arms, and ammunition, and provisions, 
 and were determined to destroy the whole In- 
 dian tribe. This report alarmed the IndianSj 
 VOL. ir. F
 
 62 HISTORY OF 
 
 and caused them to beg for peace. When these 
 two prisoners returned to Boston, they brought 
 with them a request that there should be no more 
 war. The English listened to this request, and, 
 not long after this, a large number of Indians 
 met them at Boston, and another treaty of peace 
 was made. And this was the end of Lovewell's 
 war." 
 
 " These Indian prisoners did the English some 
 service, Uncle Philip." 
 
 " Yes ; they were the means of restoring peace 
 to the colony. But I must tell you that some of 
 the Indians were unwilling to make peace. At 
 all events, they determined to do what mischief 
 they could before the treaty was completed. The 
 Indians who carried away the family of Mr. 
 Hanson, as I told you yesterday, threatened 
 them, when they left Canada to return home, 
 that they would go again and make them pris- 
 oners. 
 
 " A party of Indians went to Dover to carry 
 this threat into execution. When they came 
 near the house, they observed some people at 
 work in a neighbouring field, and they concealed 
 themselves in a barn till it was dark enough to 
 make the attack. Two women passed the barn 
 on their way to the garrison, and had but just
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 63 
 
 reached a place of safety, when the Indians fired, 
 and killed one man and wounded another. A 
 third man, named John Evans, received a slight 
 wound in the breast, which bled very freely. 
 The Indians came up and supposed that he was 
 dead. They stripped him, and then took off his 
 scalp. He bore the paih without discovering 
 any signs of life, though all the while in his per- 
 fect senses. He feigned to be dead while they 
 turned him over, struck him several blows with 
 their guns, and left him. 
 
 " After they were gone he rose from the 
 ground, and, though wounded, and weak with 
 the loss of blood, walked towards the garrison 
 until- he met some of his friends, who came out to 
 pursue the Indians. They conveyed him safely 
 to the house." 
 
 " Did he get well, Uncle Philip ?" 
 
 "Yes; he recovered from his wounds, and 
 lived to be an old man. The Indians escaped 
 with one captive, whom they sold in Canada to 
 the French." 
 
 " The peace put an end, I suppose, sir, to these 
 things 1" 
 
 " Yes. The Indians submitted to the treaty, 
 and the people of New-Hampshire enjoyed, for 
 a season, quiet and rest.
 
 64 HISTORY OF 
 
 " Before you go, my children, I have a curious 
 song to show you, which was written more than 
 a hundred years ago, to commemorate the bloody 
 battle in which Lovewell lost his life. For 
 many years it was sung at all the parties and 
 merry-meetings in New-Hampshire and in some 
 parts of Massachusetts. A copy of this song 
 was given me, a number of years since, by the 
 old man who showed me tne battle-ground 
 where these men who are mentioned here lost 
 their lives. Charles, you may read it, and we 
 will listen. Here it is, in the handwriting of the 
 old New-Hampshire soldier." 
 
 "LOVEWELL'S FIGHT. 
 
 
 
 " Of worthy Captain Lovewell I purpose now to sing, 
 How valiantly he served his country and his king; 
 He and his valiant soldiers did range the woods full wide, 
 And hardships they endured to quell the Indians' pride. 
 
 " 'Twas nigh unto Pigwacket, on the eighth day of May, 
 They spied a rebel Indian soon after break of day ; 
 He on a bank was walking, upon a neck of land, 
 Which leads into a pond, as we're made to understand. 
 
 " Our men resolved to have him, and travell'd two miles round, 
 Until they met the Indian, who boldly stood his ground ; 
 Then speaks up Captain Lovewell, ' Take you good heed,' 
 
 says he, 
 ' This rogue is to decoy us, I very plainly see. 
 
 "'The Indians lie in ambush in some place nigh at hand, 
 In order to surround us upon this neck of land ;
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE 65 
 
 Therefore we'll march in order, and each man leave his pack, 
 That we may briskly fight them when they make their at- 
 tack.' 
 
 " They came unto this Indian, who did them thus defy, 
 As soon as they came nigh him two guns did he let fly, 
 Which wounded Captain Lovewell, and likewise one man 
 
 more, 
 But when thie rogue was running they laid him in his gore. 
 
 " Then having scalp'd the Indian, they went back to the spot 
 Where they had laid their packs down, but there they found 
 
 them not ; 
 For the Indians having spied them where they them down did 
 
 lay, 
 Did seize them for their plunder, and carry them away. 
 
 " These rebels lay in ambush, this very place hard by, 
 So that an English soldier did one of them espy, 
 And cried out ' Here's an Indian !' With that they started out, 
 
 As fiercely as old lions, and hideously did shout * - 
 
 " With that our valiant English all gave a loud huzza, 
 To show the rebel Indians they fear'd them not a straw; 
 So now the fight began, and as fiercely as could be, 
 The Indians ran up to them, but soon were forced to flee. 
 
 " Then spake up Captain Lovewell, when first the fight began, 
 ' Fight on, my gallant heroes, you see they fall like-rain;' 
 Fo; as we are informed, the Indians were so thick, 
 A mai: ;ouLd scarcely fire a gun and not some of them hit. 
 
 " Then did the rebels try their best our soldiers to surrJund, 
 But\hey t^uld not accomplish it, because there was a pond 
 To which our men retreated, and covered all the rear. 
 The rogues were forced to flee them, although they skulk'd 
 for fear. 
 ri. 6
 
 66 HISTORY OF 
 
 " Two logs there were behind them, that close together lay: 
 Without being discovered they could not get away : 
 Therefore our valiant English, they travell'd in a row, 
 And at a handsome distance, as they were wont to go. 
 
 " 'Twas ttn o'clock in the morning when first the fight began, 
 And fiercely did continue until the setting sun ; 
 Excepting that the Indians, some hours before 'twas night, 
 Drew off into the bushes, and ceased a while > fight 
 
 But soon again returned, in fierce and furious mood, 
 Shouting, as in the morning, but yet not half so loud ; 
 For, as we are informed, so thick and fast they fell, 
 Scarce twenty of their number at night did get home well. 
 
 " And that our valiant English till midnight there did stay, . 
 To see whether the rebels would have another fray ; 
 But they no more returning, they made off towards their home, 
 And brought away, their wounded as far as they could come 
 
 " Of all our valiant English there were but thirty-four, 
 And of the rebel Indians there were about fourscore ; 
 And sixteen of our English did safely home return, 
 The rest were killed and wounded, for which we all must 
 mourn. 
 
 " Our worthy CAPTAIN LOVEWELL among them there did die . 
 They killed LIEUTENANT ROBBINS, and wounded good young 
 
 FRYE, 
 
 Who was our English chaplain he many Indians slew, 
 And some of them he scalp'd when bullets round him flew. 
 
 'Young FCLLAM, too, I'll mention, because he fought so well. 
 Endeavouring to save a man, a sacrifice he fell. 
 But yet our gallant Englishmen in fight were ne'er dismay'd, 
 But still they kept their courage, and Wr MAN captain made 
 
 Who shot the old chief PAUGUS, which did the foe defeat, 
 Then set his men in order, and brought off the retreat ;
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 67 
 
 And braving many dangers and hardships in the way, 
 They safe arrived at Dunstable, the thirteenth day of May. 
 
 " Come all ye men and maidens, and listen while I sing, 
 Let the fame of Captain Lovewell around the land to ring; 
 The gallant Lovewell and his men, who the Indian rogues did 
 
 light, 
 Who killed the savage PAUOUS, and put the rest to flight. 
 
 " Here's a health unto the memory of that valiant English band, 
 Who fought and bled so bravely to save their native land: 
 Here's a health unto their memory, and let the toast go round ! 
 The name of Lovewell and his men is a right joyful sound !" 
 
 "Very well, Charles; you have read it dis- 
 tinctly and slowly. Be careful of the manu- 
 script, for it is old and worn, like the soldier 
 who wrote it off in such a bold and plain hand." 
 
 " Uncle Philip, will you please to let me take 
 it home and copy it off?" 
 
 " Yes; if you will be very careful with it, and 
 return it to me to-morrow." 
 
 "Thank you, Uncle Philip. I will bring it 
 back as whole as I take it"
 
 68 HISTORY OF 
 
 CONVERSATION IV. 
 
 Uncle Philip tells the* Children of what he thinks of M"r. Went 
 worth Talks about Mr. Burnet, Mr. Belcher, and Mr. Dun- 
 bar, who were sent to the Provinces to govern them The 
 Throat Distemper Mr. Belcher dismissed, and Benning 
 Wentworth appointed Governor of New-Hampshire. 
 
 " I TOLD you that Mr. Shute returned to Eng- 
 land, and that Lieutenant-governor Wentworth 
 remained ; and that he behaved like a brave man 
 during the whole of Lovewell's war in New- 
 Hampshire. And yet, boys, this man Went- 
 worth had his enemies. He had troubles." 
 
 " Well, Uncle Philip, will you let me say one 
 thing. I believe there is no man so good but 
 he will have some enemies, and none so wicked 
 but he will find some friends in this world." 
 
 " That is true, James, always. Mr. Went- 
 worth had troubles with the Assembly ; but these 
 troubles cannot interest you much. So I will only 
 tell you that the Assembly became so much dis- 
 satisfied with him, that the members became anx- 
 ious to petition that their state might be joined 
 with Massachusetts. And I think, indeed, that 
 they would have sent a request of this sort, if a
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 69 
 
 new governor had not been appointed just at this 
 time. This new governor, too, was well known 
 in New-Hampshire, though he had never been 
 there in his life." 
 
 " Pray what was his name, Uncle Philip ?" 
 
 " He is an old acquaintance of ours also ; for 
 I think we talked of him in our Conversations 
 about New-York and Massachusetts too. It was 
 William Burnet." 
 
 " Surely, sir, I remember. He was governor 
 of New-York, and all the people loved him very 
 much." 
 
 " Yes ; they lov^ed him in Massachusetts and 
 in New-Hampshire, and the good people rejoiced 
 when they heard he was to be their governor. 
 And when he arrived in Boston, for he was gov- 
 ernor of both these states, Mr. Wentworth and 
 several other citizens went from Portsmouth to 
 meet him. But the joy of the people lasted for 
 a very short time. Mr. Burnet was never in 
 New-Hampshire more than once ; for he died 
 very soon after his appointment. 
 
 " His successor as governor was Mr. Belcher, 
 of whom you have before heard." 
 
 " Yes, sir, I remember Mr. Belcher was gov- 
 ernor of Massachusetts." 
 
 " He was a native of Massachusetts, and it
 
 70 HISTORY OF 
 
 was thought in England that his appointment as 
 governor of these two provinces would help to 
 settle the difficulties at that time existing be- 
 tween Parliament and Massachusetts. 
 
 " Mr. Belcher was a man of large fortune, and 
 possessed many interesting and amiable traits of 
 character. He was frank and sincere, warm in 
 his attachments to his friends, and possessed a 
 nice sense of what is honourable and becoming 
 the gentleman." 
 
 " Uncle Philip, I hope he did not quarrel with 
 Mr. Wentworth." 
 
 " I am sorry to say that Governor Belcher dis- 
 liked Mr. Wentworth very much; and some 
 think that he treated him badly. Be this as it 
 may, one thing is certain: if Wentworth met 
 with unkind treatment from him, it did not trou- 
 ble him long ; for he died soon after Belcher be- 
 came governor." 
 
 " Uncle Philip, what was the cause of Mr. 
 Belcher's dislike towards Mr. Wentworth ?" 
 
 " It was said that Belcher was offended with 
 him because, before his appointment, and while 
 it was uncertain whether he would be selected as 
 governor or Colonel Shute sent back, Mr. Went- 
 woith had written kind and complimentary let- 
 ters to both. Belcher did not know this at the
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 71 
 
 time of his first visit to New-Hampshire, and had 
 been received and entertained at the house of 
 .the lieutenant-governor. The next time he visit- 
 ed Portsmouth he refused an invitation to Went- 
 worth's house. From that time he continued to 
 show displeasure towards him in various ways. 
 
 " Wentworth, as I told you, had some ene 
 mies, but he had many warm friends, who la- 
 mented his death very much. And even his en- 
 emies agree in saying, that in many things he 
 was very useful to New-Hampshire. And I 
 must again remind you, children, that I think he 
 was a brave man in war, and in peace a good 
 governor." 
 
 " Uncle Philip, who was made lieutenant-gov- 
 ernor in his .place 1" 
 
 " He was succeeded by Colonel Dunbar. This 
 man, Dunbar, was very much disliked by Bel- 
 cher, and with him he quarrelled openly. The 
 fact is, my children, that Dunbar was totally un- 
 fit for the office to which he had been appointed. 
 The only qualifications which I have ever heard 
 urged in his favour, were his poverty and some 
 little interest with those in power. He was ig- 
 norant and ambitious. I do not think he \^puld 
 have been pleased with any man who was supe 
 rior to him in office. But some say that Mr
 
 72 HISTORY OF 
 
 Belcher was in fault, and that he was anxious to 
 have as much power as possible. 
 
 " I think this was a mistake ; but my young 
 friends will be able to judge for themselves be- 
 tween these two men as we proceed." 
 
 " Yes, Uncle Philip, let us hear more about 
 them." 
 
 " Dunbar, before he was made lieutenant-gov- 
 ernor, had been commander of the fort at Pema- 
 quid. He had there shown the cruelty of his 
 disposition, and had governed the few scattered 
 people that were placed under him with so much 
 rigour that they were extremely dissatisfied. His 
 cruel conduct had also been known to Mr. Belch- 
 er, and he had written to Dunbar, complaining 
 of his injustice and severity. So. here was the 
 beginning of the quarrel. 
 
 " Dunbar was no sooner made lieutenant-gov- 
 ernor than he began to talk to the people about 
 Mr. Belcher, and tell them that he was cruel and 
 ambitious ; that he w r ould not make them a good 
 governor ; and many more improper and unkind 
 charges were put in circulation. Within a few 
 weeks after his arrival at Portsmouth, he went so 
 far a^ to draw up a paper and obtain signatures 
 to it, which stated that the government was op- 
 pressive, and begged the king to remove Belch- 
 er from office."
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 73 
 
 " What did the king say to this petition, Un- 
 cle Philip ?" 
 
 " Fortunately for Mr. Belcher, he had friends 
 both in this country and in England. A petition 
 was drawn up in his favour at Portsmouth, and 
 signed by more than a hundred of the most re- 
 spectable citizens. This was sent to England, 
 and his friends there were in this way enabled 
 to contradict what Dunbar had said. 
 
 " After this these two men disliked each other 
 more than ever, and were constantly writing let- 
 ters to England, full of complaints against each 
 other. The people at home were also divided. 
 Some were the friends of Governor Belcher, and 
 some took part with Mr. Dunbar. He very cun- 
 ningly persuaded the people that Mr. Belcher 
 was anxious to keep the governments of Massa- 
 chusetts and New-Hampshire united, while he 
 himself was in favour of separating them, and 
 making New-Hampshire an independent state 
 by itself. This* pleased the people ; for they 
 were willing to have their own governor to 
 themselves. In this way you see how Mr. Dun- 
 bar endeavoured to destroy the influence of Mr. 
 Belcher, and to increase his own popularity and 
 power." 
 
 " But, Uncle Philip, I thought that many of 
 
 VOL. it. P
 
 74 HISTORY OF 
 
 the people were pleased with being united to 
 Massachusetts." 
 
 " Sometimes they were, it is true. When they 
 were in trouble, they were, of course, glad to 
 have the aid of the other state. But they were 
 more anxious to have their own governor, and to 
 be free from Massachusetts. In order to bring 
 this about, it was necessary that the boundary 
 lines between the two provinces should be set- 
 tled ; and this brought on another dispute." 
 
 " Uncle Philip, was Dunbar in favour of set- 
 tling this question about the boundaries ?" 
 
 " Yes ; this afforded him a good opportunity 
 to carry forward his own views and advance his 
 own interests. The larger part of the people 
 were easily persuaded that they would be gain- 
 ers by settling the boundaries, and that the prov- 
 ince would have more land, which would be 
 divided among the people. New-Hampshire 
 would thus become a larger state, and more able 
 to support its own governor." 
 
 " What did Governor Belcher think of it, sir ?" 
 
 " His friends were opposed to settling the 
 'boundaries at present, because they said that 
 New-Hampshire could not gain anything by it, 
 and would have the expenses to pay. The gov- 
 ernor himself was required by the king and Par-
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 75 
 
 liament to do what he could to have this business 
 finally determined. He had frequently recom- 
 mended a settlement in his speeches, but could 
 not bring it about. This difficulty continued for 
 several years. At last Dunbar thought that he 
 could aid his designs by going to England him- 
 self. I suppose he believed, that if the provin- 
 ces were separated he should be made governor 
 himself." 
 
 " Well, Uncle Philip, did he go to England 1" 
 "Yes; and when he arrived there with his 
 complaints, he was immediately taken up and 
 thrown into prison for debt. But some of his 
 friends came forward and obtained his release. 
 He remained in England for some time, making 
 all the mischief he could for Mr. Belcher." 
 
 " I am afraid, Uncle Philp, that Dunbar was a 
 bad man." 
 
 " Yes ; and so Uncle Philip thinks. He cer- 
 tainly showed himself very ambitious and very 
 troublesome. And one thing is certain, that, 
 while his friends supported him, they had no con- 
 fidence in his judgment or in his honesty." 
 " Why did they support him, then- ?" * 
 
 "His friends were the enemies of Governor 
 Belcher, and they were willing to use him as an 
 instrument in opposing him.
 
 76 HISTORY OF 
 
 " But now, while I think of it, let me tell you 
 of something remarkable which occurred about 
 this time (1735), and then we will return to the 
 story. 
 
 " There -was in this year throughout New- 
 England a very violent disease, commonly called 
 the throat distemper, which visited most of the 
 large towns, and carried off a great number of 
 people, especially in New-Hampshire. 
 
 " It first made its appearance in Kingston, 
 New-Hampshire. It continued to spread grad- 
 ually in that town through the summer ; and of 
 the first forty who were seized, not one recover- 
 ed. It afterward appeared in Exeter, and then 
 at Boston. It continued its ravages for more 
 than a year, and carried off upward of a thou- 
 sand people in the province." 
 
 " That was a heavy loss, sir, for a new coun- 
 try." 
 
 " It was indeed : and I have mentioned this 
 fact merely because you will read in old books 
 which tell of New-Hampshire of the times of 
 the throat distemper. Most of those who died 
 of this disease were children ; and it is sad to 
 read how some families lost four or five children 
 in a single day, and others buried all they had. 
 At Hampton Falls it raged the most violently.
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. - 77 
 
 Twenty families buried all their children, and in 
 the course of the year more than one sixth part 
 of all the inhabitants died of this distemper. 
 
 " This disease has visited the people several 
 times since, tmt never as severely as during this 
 year. Arid now let us return to our story. 
 
 " Some tirne before Dunbar went out to Eng- 
 land, he became weary and disgusted with the 
 quarrels and difficulties in which he was enga- 
 ged, and left .New-Hampshire. He retired to 
 the fort at Pemacuid, where he resided, in a 
 state of obscurity >, ^tr two years. Afterward he 
 returned to Portsmouth, and began his opposition 
 again. Governor Belcter was willing to please 
 him, and gave him the command of the fort there, 
 which afforded him a considerable salary. But 
 Dunbar was not contented with this, and still 
 complained. I must tell you of some of these 
 complaints, and then you will, see the injustice of 
 them. 
 
 " When Dunbar was chosen lieutenant-govern- 
 or, he was also made what was called ' Surveyor 
 of the King's Woods.' " 
 
 " What do you mean by that, sir?" 
 
 " The surveyor had the care of the king's for- 
 ests in New-Hampshire. There were large pine- 
 trees growing in some parts of the province very
 
 78 HISTORY OP 
 
 abundantly, and the king wished them to be pre- 
 served for ship-timber." 
 
 " Very good, sir ; I understand. It was the 
 duty of the surveyor to take care that no one 
 cut this timber." 
 
 "Just so. The people were not very well 
 pleased with this regulation of the king's. They 
 wished sometimes to cut this timber for their own 
 use ; but the surveyor had the right to seize and 
 carry off any logs which he could nd that were 
 cut without license. 
 
 " Dunbar was very cruel in the exercise of his 
 office in taking care of this timber. 
 
 " In this way he rais^. a spirit of opposition 
 and dislike among the people. He visited the 
 saw-mills, where he seized and marked large 
 quantities of lumber, and abused and threatened 
 the people with an air and manner to which he 
 had been accustomed while a military officer. 
 
 " The class of men with whom he had to deal 
 were not easily frightened by his threats, and he 
 often found himself in difficulty. An instance 
 of this happened at Dover. He had come there 
 with a number of men to remove a quantity of 
 boards which he had seized. The owner of the 
 lumber warned him of the consequences if he 
 dared to touch a single board. Dunbar threat-
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 79 
 
 ened to shoot dou n the first man who should in- 
 terfere to hinder him. The same threat was re- 
 turned to the first man who dared to obey Dun- 
 bar's orders to remove the lumber." 
 
 " What was the result of the dispute, Uncle 
 Philip ?' 
 
 " For once Dunbar's prudence was great 
 enough to save him, and he was forced to go 
 back without the lumber. 
 
 " On another occasion he sent some of his 
 men to Exeter on similar business. While his 
 men were regaling themselves in the evening at 
 a public house, and bpasting of what they intend- 
 ed to do the next day, some of the citizens were 
 so angry that they dressed themselves like In- 
 dians, made an attack upon Dunbar's men, and 
 gave them a sound beating; they then seized 
 the boat in which they came up to the town, cut 
 the rigging, and bored holes in the bottom. The 
 party, finding that they were not safe on the 
 land, made good their retreat to the boat, and 
 pushed off. But they found that they were not 
 safe on the water ; and, after nearly drowning, 
 they had the good fortune to reach the shore 
 again, where they hid themselves till morning, 
 and then made their way back to Portsmouth on 
 foot. This affair enraged Dunbar very much;
 
 80 HISTORY OF 
 
 and, when the news reached Governor Belcher, 
 ' he condemned the riot, and sent out a proclama- 
 tion, commanding the magistrates to assist in dis- 
 covering and securing the rioters. And yet, my 
 children, after all this, there was a .complaint 
 sent to England against Governor Belcher, sta- 
 ting that he persuaded the citizens of Exeter to 
 make that riot. Remember, too, this complaint 
 was sent long after the disturbances had taken 
 place." 
 
 " Well, Uncle Philip, that statement was false, 
 I suppose." 
 
 " False in every line ; for the complaint was 
 signed by five names, and four of the persons de- 
 nied ever having put their names to it, and the 
 fifth man could not be found : in fact, there was 
 no such man in Exeter. ;. 
 
 " Besides this foolish and unfounded charge, 
 several other complaints were sent home against 
 Mr. Belcher. One was, that he did not keep the 
 forts repaired ready for war ; another, that he 
 very seldom visited New-Hampshire." 
 
 " And how about these charges, sir ?" 
 
 " As to the first, he could not repair the forts 
 without money, and there was none in the treas- 
 ury for that purpose ; and for the second, it was 
 not true that he did not visit New-Hampshire ;
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 81 
 
 for he went there at least twice every year, un- 
 less prevented by sickness. But, though all these 
 charges were false, still the man was thought, 
 even by the king himself, to be guilty of cruelty 
 and neglect" 
 
 " Is it possible,' Uncle Philip !" 
 
 " Yes, my lad, it is not only possible, but true. 
 And very soon after this, to make matters still 
 more oppressive to Governor Belcher, the dis- 
 pute between New-Hampshire and Massachu- 
 setts was ended in favour of the former." 
 
 " Well, sir, I think that was nothing more than 
 justice ; for the boundary-line ought to have run 
 Ihree miles north of the mouth of the Merrimack 
 River. You know we talked of that before." 
 
 " Yes, Thomas, that was all just and right, as 
 it seems to me ; but still I feel sorry when I think 
 of Mr. Belcher. The poor man soon after this 
 sent a petition to England, asking that New- 
 Hampshire and Massachusetts might still be uni- 
 ted." 
 
 " Was it granted, sir ?" 
 
 "No; it was refused. Still, children, with 
 all these disappointments, this man remained 
 faithful to King George. For, when England 
 was just at this time engaged in war with Spain, 
 he made strong efforts to raise soldiers in his 
 TI. 7
 
 82 HISTORY OF 
 
 provinces to aid the English. Indeed, he did 
 raise the soldiers ; but the king did not send the 
 arms and clothing which he promised, so these 
 men were unable to serve him. And at length, 
 my children, in spite of all this, the king \vas 
 persuaded, by the falsehoods of Belcher's ene- 
 mies, to think him a bad governor and a dishon- 
 est man." 
 
 " Well, Uncle Philip, I am sorry for Governor 
 Belcher." 
 
 " Yes ; he had, through all the settlement of 
 the vexing questions between Massachusetts and 
 New-Hampshire, a difficult part to act. He was 
 placed at the head of the two rival provinces. 
 He had friends in both ; but they, of course, 
 took care of their own as well as of the public 
 interests. He had also enemies in both, who 
 were watching him eagerly, ready to lay hold 
 on any mistake or imprudence of his, and to 
 magnify it into a great error or crime, much to 
 his disadvantage. 
 
 " He was anxious to remain governor, and to 
 discharge his duties with credit and honour to 
 himself, and with advantage to the provinces. 
 But his enemies were endeavouring to remove 
 him from his office. And what rendered his sit- 
 uation still more embarrassing, was the fact that
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 83 
 
 the same persons were busy in trying to accom- 
 plish his removal and to settle the boundary- 
 line ; so that, in his efforts to oppose the arts of 
 his enemies in seeking his removal, he was likely 
 to seem to oppose their efforts in settling the 
 boundary question." 
 
 " How did it finally end, Uncle Philip 1" 
 "It resulted in Mr. Belcher's being displaced ; 
 and William Shirley was made governor of Mas- 
 sachusetts, and Benning Wentworth governor of 
 New-Hampshire." 
 
 " Then, sir, Massachusetts and New-Hamp- 
 shire were again separated ?" 
 Yes." 
 
 " Uncle Philip, was this Mr. Wentworth any 
 relation to Governor Wentworth, of whom we 
 have talked 1" 
 
 " He was the son of that man." 
 " And what became of Dunbar ?" 
 " He went to England, as I told you, hoping, 
 in case of the separation of the two provinces, 
 to be made governor of New-Hampshire. While 
 there, he helped to keep up the opposition to 
 Mr. Belcher, and was used for such purposes by 
 Mr. Belcher's enemies till his removal was ac- 
 complished. After that he was appointed by the 
 East India Company governor of S',. Helena-
 
 84 HISTORY OF 
 
 We will now go on with Mr. Wentworth's ad- 
 ministration, for we have nothing to do with 
 Mr. Shirley. I have already talked of him in 
 our History of Massachusetts."* 
 
 " Well, Uncle Philip, excuse me for interrupt- 
 ing you, but I do think that man Belcher an ex- 
 cellent governor." 
 
 " You are right, my lad ; and I am pleased 
 that he was not only a good, pious man and a 
 faithful governor, but also that he was an Amer- 
 ican by birth. And I have no doubt but that 
 King George himself afterward felt sorry for his 
 own conduct. For, when Mr. Belcher returned 
 to England, he found many enemies; but still he 
 was able to persuade most people that his ene- 
 mies in America had not spoken the truth or 
 done him justice. Among others, he persuaded 
 the king of the fact. So King George then 
 promised that he would make him governor, so 
 soon as he could, in some one of the American 
 provinces." 
 
 " Ah, Uncle Philip, I like that. I am glad to 
 see the king, when he had acted unjustly, try to 
 repair the wrong." 
 
 " Yes, Mary, King George acted honourably 
 and well in this particular." 
 
 * See Uncle Philip'8 History of Massachusetts.
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 85 
 
 . " Was Mr. J3elcher made governor again ?" 
 
 " Yes j the first vacancy happened in the State 
 of New-Jersey, and the king sent him out' there. 
 You will hear of him again when we talk of the 
 history of that state." 
 
 VOL. II. H
 
 86 HISTORY O 
 
 CONVERSATION V. 
 
 Uncle Philip tells the Children about Mr. Wentworth Cap 
 ture of Louisburg Reduction of Canada People who are 
 particular Captain Stevens Indian Warfare. 
 
 " MR. WENTWORTH was a native of Ports- 
 mouth, New-Hampshire, and, as I told you 
 yesterday, was the son of Lieutenant-governor 
 Wentworth. He had been absent from America 
 for a number of years previous to his appoint- 
 ment as governor. Upon his arrival at Ports- 
 mouth he was received with great respect. He 
 found, among the old friends of his father, many 
 who seemed willing and anxious to make him 
 happy, and assist him, as far as in their power, 
 in securing a prosperous administration. But he 
 had no very peaceable times." 
 
 " How was that, Uncle Philip ?" 
 
 " Soon after bis arrival a war commenced be- 
 tween England and France. Do you remember 
 of our talking, in our Conversations about New- 
 York and Massachusetts, of the war which broke 
 out in 1744, and which was called the war of 
 the ' Austrian succession 1' * 
 
 " Oh yes, sir, I remember it. It was be-
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 87 
 
 tween King George the Second and the Emperor 
 Louis the Fifteenth ; and I remember also that it 
 was during that war that Sir William Pepperel 
 took the city of Louisburg from the French, and 
 that, to reward him for his bravery, he was made 
 something I forget what you call it by the 
 King of England." 
 
 "You mean a 'Baronet of England;' and 
 this was the war which commenced not long af- 
 ter Mr. Wentworth came into the country. And, 
 while I think of it, let me tell you that I be- 
 lieve Governor Shirley deserves great credit for 
 the capture of Louisburg ; for he was the man 
 who planned the expedition. You will bear in 
 mind, too, that most of the colonies aided in this 
 undertaking. Mr. Wentworth and the State of 
 New-Hampshire bore their part. There was one 
 man, named Vaughan, a son of the old lieutenant- 
 governor, who was very brave, and aided much 
 in the enterprise. Sir William Pepperel was at 
 the time living in Kittery, and was chosen from 
 the State of New-Hampshire to command the 
 forces." 
 
 " Then, Uncle Philip, New-Hampshire did 
 bear her part well, if she gave the commander 
 and gave soldiers also." 
 
 " Yes, yes; and, as I have before told you the
 
 88 HISTORY OF 
 
 particulars of this undertaking, I shall not now 
 repeat them, but only remind you that Ducham- 
 bon, the French governor of Cape Breton, sur- 
 rendered the city, and that the people of Amer- 
 ica were very proud of Pepperel's success, while 
 the English were surprised at it ; for the French 
 had made Louisburg their strongest town in 
 America. Of the troops engaged in this expedi- 
 tion, five hundred were from New-Hampshire." 
 
 ". Uncle Philip, I should like to ask why the 
 French had taken so much pains to fortify Louis- 
 burg. Was it a place of great trade, or of any 
 importance in that way ?" 
 
 " It was the situation of Louisburg that gave 
 it its chief importance. The Island of Cape 
 Breton is cold, mountainous, and rocky, and the 
 soil poor and unproductive. On one side of the 
 island are a number of fine bays and harbours, 
 capable of receiving and securing vessels of any 
 size. The island is situated so as to be advan- 
 tageous at that time to French commerce. After 
 the French had yielded Nova Scotia and New- 
 foundland to Great Britain, this place became 
 valuable to them, as it was the only position 
 which they held on the coast which gave securi- 
 ty to their navigation and fishery. It was for 
 this purpose that they built up Louisburg, and
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 89 
 
 surrounded it with such fine fortifications. The 
 French were twenty-five years in completing 
 these works, and had expended upon them a 
 large sum of money." 
 
 " And, after all, the Americans took possession 
 of them, Uncle Philip?" 
 
 " Yes ; and so joyful and proud were they of 
 their success, that they thought of making an 
 attempt to reduce Canada. Do you recollect 
 that?" 
 
 " Oh yes, Uncle Philip ; that is all in our 
 New-York History, and I know all about it." 
 
 " Well, Thomas, let us hear, then, all about 
 it. It is often a very profitable employment to 
 think over what we have heard or read." 
 
 " Why, Uncle Philip, you know all about it 
 without my telling you." 
 
 " Perhaps so ; but I am very fond of hearing 
 children talk when they talk sensibly. So let us 
 hear what you have to say." 
 
 " But, Uncle Philip, before Thomas begins, I 
 hope you will excuse me for saying one thing." 
 
 " Cetainly, Mary, I will." 
 
 " I was going to say that you put me so much 
 in mind of my grandfather ; for he used to call 
 Robert and myself every night, and ask us about 
 
 the books we had been reading ; and he used to 
 
 ii. 8 '
 
 90 HISTORY OF 
 
 make us tell him what was written in the books, 
 and whether we believed all that was in them. 
 And I remember that he once told Robert, that 
 all the reading in the world would not make him 
 wise, unless he thought and reflected upon what 
 he read. And he asked these questions, he said, 
 that he might be sure that we thought of the 
 things we were reading. And, Uncle Philip, I 
 will tell you the truth about it. I thought my 
 grandfather a very particular old gentleman, but 
 a very kind one." 
 
 " And I hope he thought you a very particular 
 little girl in reading and remembering what you 
 read." 
 
 " He used to say, sir, that I remembered tol- 
 erably well." 
 
 "Well, let me tell you what I think about 
 people we generally call particular. I think 
 they are generally the wisest and best people of 
 my acquaintance. Old Mr. King, in the village, 
 is called particular, because he will call his fam- 
 ily together morning and evening, and read a 
 chapter in the Bible, and then read prayers. 
 And perhaps you have all heard poor old Mrs. 
 Lane called particular, because she always will 
 take her seat in the church before the minister 
 begins to read the service. She may be called
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 91 
 
 particular, too, because, storm or shine, warm or 
 cold, she is always at church, as surely as Sun- 
 day comes round and the bell calls us to the 
 house of God. And so, Mary, you call your 
 grandfather particular, and I hope he was so ; 
 for, children, I call this duty. No man can be 
 too particular in performing his duty, first to God, 
 and then to man ; and, my little girl, your 
 grandfather was performing his duty towards 
 you when he asked you those questions." 
 
 " Yes ; but, Uncle Philip, people are sometimes 
 particular about trifles." 
 
 " True ; and when people are particular about 
 things that are really trifles, they are very disa- 
 greeable. But remember that no matters of 
 duty, however small, are ever trifles. But those 
 who care so much for trifles are not the people 
 whom the world commonly calls particular. A 
 foolish young man, who is made very unhappy 
 unless his clothes are precisely of a certain style 
 or fashion, and fit him just so nicely, or a little 
 girl who is made sad because she has not a new 
 dress at a certain time or of the latest style, is, 
 to your Uncle Philip, very disagreeable and par- 
 ticular. Yet people do not think them half so 
 strange and disagreeable as they think old Mr. 
 King, because he has some good oldfashioned
 
 92 HISTORY OF 
 
 notions about religion and the Christian educa 
 tion of his family. I wish you, therefore, to see 
 how improperly the world sometimes judges, and 
 to teach you all, my dear children, not to let the 
 opinions of the world serve always as your guide. 
 The opinion of the world is to be regarded when 
 it does not disagree with the Word of God. I 
 need not tell you, that when it does not agree 
 with God's "Word, neither you nor Uncle Philip 
 has any right to follow it. 
 
 " And now tell me, Mary, which do you think 
 most particular, old Mr. King, or the foolish 
 young man who thinks so much of 4iis dress and 
 appearance "?" 
 
 " Why, I think the young man is, because he 
 is particular about trifles." 
 
 " Yes, he is always thinking and caring for 
 things of very little importance, and the old gen- 
 tleman is punctual and anxious about matters of 
 duty. That makes the difference between them. 
 And now, Thomas, we will hear you." 
 
 " Then, Uncle Philip, I remember that, after 
 the capture of Louisburg, almost all the Ameri- 
 cans were anxious to reduce Canada. And I re- 
 member, too, that Governor Shirley sent to Eng- 
 land for assistance, and it was promised. An 
 English fleet to aid them were to join the Amer-
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 93 
 
 ican forces at Louisburg, and then they were to 
 go up the river St. Lawrence." 
 
 " Very good ; and do you remember anything 
 of Governor Clinton ?" 
 
 " Oh yes, sir ; he was governor of New-York 
 at that time, and he was to march against the 
 French at Crown Point and Montreal, and he 
 had the Six Nations- of Indians to help him, Un- 
 cle Philip." 
 
 " Very good indeed ; and now I will tell you 
 something more. Letters came from England 
 to the governors of the different provinces, ur- 
 ging them to aid in this attack upon Canada 
 In New-Hampshire, Governor Wentworth caused 
 eight hundred men to be raised for this purpose. 
 In addition, vessels and provisions were prepa- 
 red, and the men waited all the summer for the 
 word to start on their expedition. You see, 
 therefore, that this state was not behind the oth- 
 ers. Now go on, Thomas." 
 
 " The forces from England did not come over 
 us was expected, and so the Americans were 
 disappointed. And then they determined to un- 
 dertake an attack by themselves ; but just then 
 the Duke d'Anville, a Frenchman, reached Nova 
 Scotia with one thousand men, and this caused 
 them to abandon the enterprise."
 
 94 HISTORY OF 
 
 "Very true; and you may remember that 
 D'Anville soon died ; the French fleet met with 
 a storm, and few of the vessels returned to France. 
 After that another French fleet was sent out, 
 which was captured, and then the French seemed 
 disappointed, and unwilling to send more ships 
 very soon." 
 
 " Yes, yes, Uncle Philip ; and I remember that 
 a treaty was made in that German town " 
 
 " Aix la Chapelle, you mean." 
 
 "Yes, sir. That treaty put an end to the war j 
 but, before that treaty was made, the French and 
 Indians did much injury in New-York and on the 
 frontiers." 
 
 " Yes, and they did more in New-Hampshire. 
 They attacked almost all the towns in the east- 
 ern and western parts of the state. Forts were 
 established along the frontier, and scouting par- 
 ties were continually out to discover and repel 
 the enemy ; but yet it was hardly possible for the 
 scattered population to be secure. 
 
 " The danger to which the poor people were 
 exposed prevented their cultivating their lands ; 
 and, even when their crops were ripe, they dared 
 not, in some places, go out to secure them. Their 
 cattle and horses were carried off or else killed, 
 and their flesh cut off for food by the foe. The
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 95 
 
 people lived generally in fortified houses, and 
 never were safe when they went out, either for 
 labour or to attend church, unless they were 
 armed." 
 
 " Did they go armed to church, Uncle Philip 1" 
 
 " Yes ; and these precautions sometimes saved 
 many lives. At Penacook a party of Indians 
 concealed themselves, intending to attack the 
 people while they were assembled for public wor- 
 ship on Sunday ; but they saw that they were 
 armed, and they waited till the next morning. 
 They then killed five, and carried away two 
 prisoners." 
 
 " Where is Penacook, sir 1 I do not find such 
 a place." 
 
 " Penacook is the old Indian name of the town 
 of Concord." 
 
 " Were the Indians so bold as to venture 
 down into that part of the state ?" 
 
 " If was not venturing much at that time ; for, 
 though the country now is thickly settled, at that 
 period the place where the beautiful town of 
 Concord now stands was a wilderness. 
 
 " Near to Concord, or Penacook as it was then 
 called, was the settlement at Hopkinton. A par- 
 ty of Indians came down to this place and took 
 some prisoners. A number of persons were re-
 
 96 HISTORY OP 
 
 siding in a garrisoned house, and thought them 
 selves entirely safe. But it happened one morn- 
 ing that one of the en went out very early to 
 hunt, while his companions were still asleep, and 
 left the door unfastened. The Indians were on 
 the watch, and entered the house, and made pris- 
 oners of eight persons, whom they carried to 
 Canada. 
 
 " But I cannot tell you now of all the suffer- 
 ings of the New-Hampshire people during this 
 war. Scarcely a town escaped an attack, ex 
 cept those in -the vicinity of Portsmouth, where 
 the settlements were larger and nearer each 
 other. I will, however, tell you of one of the 
 conflicts of the people with the Indians, because 
 a brave man by the name of Stevens opposed 
 them, and distinguished himself very much. The 
 place they attacked was a village in the western 
 part of the state, on the Connecticut River, call- 
 ed Number Four. Stevens was there with thirty 
 men to defend the place." 
 
 " Stop, if you please, for one moment, sir. 
 Where is that village ? It has a singular name." 
 
 " It is now called Charlestown ; and, if you 
 will look in Sullivan county, you will see it 
 You will learn presently how it received its new 
 name.
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 97 
 
 * It was in the last part of March of this year 
 (1746) that Captain Stevens came to this place. 
 He had not been there many days when he was 
 attacked by a large party of French and Indians, 
 commanded by a man named Debeline. The 
 barking of the dogs first discovered to Stevens 
 that the enemy were near. They therefore 
 closed the gates and prepared for defence. A 
 man was sent out to find where and who they 
 were, and was fired upon, and returned to the 
 fort slightly wounded. The enemy, finding that 
 they were discovered, rose from their conceal- 
 ment, and fired upon the fort from all sides. The 
 wind was high, and, in order to drive the Eng- 
 lish out, the French set fire to the fences and log 
 houses, and surrounded the fort with flames. 
 Stevens took care to keep water at hand to put 
 out the flames should they reach the walls of the 
 fort ; but, fortunately, the fire did not reach them. 
 
 " Debeline finding, after two days of this 
 kind of attack, that they could accomplish no- 
 thing, and that Stevens and his brave men were 
 not frightened by the savage shouts of the In- 
 dians, prepared a cart, which was loaded with 
 dry fagots and set on fire." 
 
 " What was that for, Uncle Philip ?" 
 
 " They intended to push this cart, by means 
 
 VOL. II. I
 
 98 HISTORY OF 
 
 of long poles, close to the fort, and bum them 
 out. But, before they did this, the French com-* 
 mender came up with a flag of truce, and asked 
 a parley with Captain Stevens. They proposed 
 that Stevens should giVe up a quantity of pro- 
 visions, and then surrender themselves prisoners." 
 
 " Uncle Philip, I know that the English would 
 not yield on such terms." 
 
 " You are right, my lad ; they refused it alto- 
 gether. The Frenchman then wished to see 
 Stevens himself. He threatened him that he 
 would take the fort and kill every man ;n it if 
 he did not surrender. 'Stevens was not to be 
 alarmed with such threats, and he told the French- 
 man that he would defend the fort till the last 
 extremity. The Frenchman then told him to 
 * Go and see if your men dare to fight any long- 
 er, and give me a quick answer.' 
 
 " Stevens asked his men whether they would 
 fight or surrender. They determined, every man 
 of them, to fight. When Debeline was inform- 
 ed of this determination, he ordered his men to 
 renew their firing and shouting, which they kept 
 up all that day and night. 
 
 " The next morning they proposed that they 
 would withdraw if Stevens would sell them some 
 provisions. He refused to do that; and they,
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 99 
 
 finding that they could not conquer the English- 
 men in their fort, departed." 
 
 " Well, Uncle Philip, they did not accomplish 
 much. Were there any killed in the fort ?" 
 
 " Not a life was lost, and only two men were 
 wounded. Stevens immediately sent news of his 
 escape to'Boston, and it was received with great 
 
 joy." 
 
 " And now, Uncle Philip, tell us about chan- 
 ging the name of the town." 
 
 " I had almost forgotten that. There was an 
 English officer at that time in America whose 
 name was Sir Charles Knowles. Sir Charles was 
 so pleased with the bravery and good conduct of 
 Captain Stevens, that he presented him with an 
 elegant and valuable sword. From this cir- 
 cumstance, when the town was incorporated, 
 the name was changed from Number Four to 
 Charlestown, in honour of Sir Charles. 
 
 " There were a great many other instances of 
 bravery among the people of New-Hampshire 
 while this war was going on, and a great deal 
 of suffering, too. 1 cannot tell you all ; but one 
 thing I must say and it is much to the credit of 
 the Indian tribes and that is, that they did not 
 murder and torture their prisoners during this 
 war as they used to do formerly. Those of the
 
 100 HISTORY OP 
 
 captives who survived and returned from Cana- 
 da, bore their testimony in favour of the human- 
 ity of the Indians. When feeble, they assisted 
 them in travelling ; and, in cases of distress from 
 want of provisions, the Indians shared with the 
 captives an equal proportion. 
 
 " This was far different from the treatment 
 which the Indians exercised towards their prison- 
 ers on former occasions. If they were unable to 
 travel, they used to murder them. If there were 
 children that gave them trouble, they coolly dash- 
 ed them against a tree or a stone ; and, when the 
 poor prisoners arrived at Canada, they stripped 
 them naked, and forced them to run the gauntlet 
 in presence of the whole tribe."
 
 NEW-HAMSPHIRE. 101 
 
 CONVERSATION VI. 
 
 Uncle Philip tells the Children more of Governor Wentworth 
 The St. Francis Tribe of Indians Another War between 
 England and France, which ended in the reduction of Canada 
 by the English. 
 
 " COME in, come in, children. I am very glad 
 to see you, and ready to talk with you. Where 
 did we leave off ?" 
 
 " We talked about Captain Stevens and the 
 close of the war last, sir." 
 
 " Yes, we spoke of the treaty of Aix-la-Cha- 
 pelle, which put an end to the war in the year 
 1748. So, now that the people in New-Hamp- 
 shire are at peace, we will talk a little more of 
 Mr. Wentworth; for I like always to look for 
 the good traits in a man's character, if any can 
 be found." 
 
 " I think that is a good maxim, Uncle Philip, 
 which my grandfather used to tell us, and thai 
 was, ' to say nothing of any person if we can 
 say nothing that is good.' " 
 
 " Yes, Mary, that is a good maxim ; and your 
 grandfather, if he was a particular old gentle- 
 man, was a sensible one too. But in history,
 
 102 HISTORY OP 
 
 you know, we must speak of men as they are : no 
 choice is left us. . But about Mr. Wentworth 1 
 have nothing to say which would represent him 
 in an unfavourable light ; indeed, I could tell 
 you much that would show that he was a very 
 good and useful man." 
 
 " Let us hear, Uncle Philip." 
 
 " Benning Wentworth, like his father, had 
 difficulties to meet in his administration, and 
 often found himself involved in disputes with 
 the Assembly. One occasion of trouble to New- 
 Hampshire was the revival of the old claim 
 of Mason. After the boundaries between this 
 province and Massachusetts were settled, the 
 purchasers of Mason's title laid their claims be- 
 fore the Assembly, and offered to sell them for a 
 reasonable compensation. 
 
 " The Assembly at length resolved that they 
 would comply with the offer and pay the price. 
 In the mean while, the claims had been sold by 
 Mason to twelve persons for the sum of fifteen 
 hundred pounds. These transactions made con- 
 siderable excitement among the people. Angry 
 threats were thrown out against those who had 
 bought Mason's claims ; and, had it not been for 
 the approach of a common danger from without 
 at the breaking out of the war, it is probable that 
 the people would have quarrelled still more.
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 103 
 
 " That was for a long while an unpleasant 
 controversy, and Mr. Wentworth found great 
 difficulty in managing it ; but it was not the 
 only difficulty he had." 
 
 " How so, sir ?" 
 
 " When the boundary-line was settled between 
 the two provinces in the time of Mr. Belcher, 
 some towns, before in Massachusetts, were by 
 that line placed in New-Hampshire. Besides 
 this, some new towns had been settled in the 
 province. Mr. Wentworth thought that these 
 towns ought to choose members and send them 
 to the Legislature. Most of the old members 
 opposed this ; and, when the new ones came in, 
 the old ones said that there were other towns en- 
 titled to send members which had been neglect- 
 ed. They said, too, that the governor had 
 brought in these men to help him on in some 
 measures which he was anxious to carry, while 
 many, if not a majority, of the people were op- 
 posed to them. 
 
 " When the new members appeared in the 
 House, the secretary, by the order of the govern- 
 or, administered the oath of office to them. But 
 the other members remonstrated with the gov- 
 ernor, and would not let them vote in the choice 
 of a speaker."
 
 104 HISTORY or 
 
 " How did the matter end, Uncle Philip ?" 
 
 " The approach of danger from abroad, as 1 
 said, united the people at home. This dispute 
 did not arise again during the war ; but, after 
 peace was made, some of the people were so 
 angry with the governor that they sent com- 
 plaints against him to the King of England. 
 But the very man who carried out this complaint 
 against Mr. Wentworth was ashamed to present 
 it to the king ; and so this difficulty gradually 
 died away." 
 
 " Well, Uncle Philip, I think that proves very 
 clearly that even the enemies of Mr. Wentworth 
 were ashamed to find fault, and that the govern- 
 or was a good man." 
 
 " That is precisely what I wish you to thirfk. 
 So we will now go on and see what else he did. 
 
 " Soon after peace was established, Mr. Went- 
 worth resolved to extend his territory farther, 
 and, in the year 1752, sent some of his men into 
 the northern part of the state, to make a new 
 settlement upon the Connecticut River. He 
 wished to take possession of the fertile and beau- 
 tiful meadows along the river, known at the time 
 as the Coos Meadows. The plan was to cut a 
 road through to that country; to lay out two 
 townships, one on each side of the river ; and to
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE 105 
 
 erect stockades in each township large enough 
 to accommodate two hundred men. These stock- 
 ades were to enclose a large space, and in the 
 centre were to be the citadel and other public 
 buildings and granaries. Into these they could 
 remove, in any time of danger, the inhabitants 
 and all their moveable effects." 
 
 " The arrangements were well planned, Uncle 
 Philip." 
 
 " Yes ; and, as an inducement to people to re- 
 move to this new plantation, they were promised 
 courts and other civil privileges among them- 
 selves j and, for the better defence and surer 
 safety of the enterprise, the settlers were all to 
 be placed under strict military discipline. 
 
 " A large number of persons were ready to go. 
 Governor Wentworth sent out a party, as I told 
 you, to view the place, and to lay out the pro- 
 posed townships. But the Indians saw these 
 men and were dissatisfied. They knew the value 
 of this land, and were unwilling to give it up. 
 A party of the Arosaguntacook, or St. Francis, 
 was sent to remonstrate against this proceeding. 
 They visited Captain Stevens at the fort at JVwm- 
 ber Four, and complained to him of the white 
 men for coming upon their land. They said that 
 they could not allow the English there ; that 
 IT. 9
 
 106 HISTORY OF 
 
 they owned more land already than they could 
 cultivate ; and that, if the settlement went on, 
 they should think that the English were anx- 
 ious to go to war, and they should therefore be- 
 gin the war for themselves. 
 
 " The Indians were not contented with uttering 
 these threats, but soon began to put them in exe- 
 cution. Two Indians from this tribe, named Sa- 
 batis and Christi, came into the town of Canter- 
 bury, where they were treated very kindly, and 
 remained with the white men for more than a 
 month. But, notwithstanding this kind treat- 
 ment, when they left they carried off with them 
 two negroes, one of whom made his escape and 
 came home, but the other was carried to Crown 
 Point and sold to a French officer. Soon after 
 this, a party of ten or twelve of the same tribe, 
 commanded by one of their men whom they 
 called Captain Moses, met with four young Eng- 
 lishmen who were out hunting on the bank of^a 
 river. They took two of these young men pris- 
 oners. One of them, named John Stark, when 
 he found himself surprised and captured, called 
 out to his brother William, who was in a canoe 
 upon the river, and he took the alarm and es- 
 caped. They fired at the canoe, and killed a 
 young man who was with William. The sava
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 107 
 
 ges then beat John Stark severely for daring to 
 alarm his brother. They then carried him and 
 young Eastman, the other prisoner, up the Con- 
 necticut, and down the Lake Memphramagog to 
 the headquarters of their tribe. There they dressed 
 young Stark in their finest robes, and adopted him 
 as their son. And I wish you to tell me if any 
 one here knows who this young lad, Stark, was ?" 
 
 " No, Uncle Philip, I do not." 
 
 " Yes, yes, Uncle Philip, was he not the per- 
 son who afterward became the great General 
 Stark in the American army 1" 
 
 "Yes; the same man." ^ 
 
 " And how did he make his escape from the 
 Indians, sir ?" 
 
 " He was ransomed by a gentleman in Boston, 
 named Wheelwright, for one hundred and three 
 dollars. And his being taken by the Indians 
 was a very great advantage to him." 
 
 " How was that, sir ?" 
 
 " While he was living with them he learned 
 a great deal about Indian manners and habits, 
 which was of great use to him when he was af- 
 terward called to engage in war against the sav- 
 ages. Hereafter you will hear of his usefulness 
 to his countrymen, when we talk of the war of 
 the American Revolution.
 
 JOS HISTOKY OF 
 
 " The next year after this, the same man Saba- 
 tis and another Indian named Plausawa came to 
 Canterbury ; and, when the white men told them 
 that they had stolen the two negroes, they were 
 angry, and behaved in a very insolent manner. 
 Some of the white men then gave them as much 
 rum as they wanted to drink, and, when they be- 
 came intoxicated, followed them into the woods 
 and killed them. They then buried their bodies ; 
 but the graves were so shallow that they were 
 found by the wild beasts, who devoured them, 
 and the bones lay scattered upon the ground. 
 
 " This killing of these two Indians and bury- 
 ing them so indecently caused the tribe to be very 
 angry; for they said the English had broken the 
 treaty. By the articles of peace it had been 
 agreed, that if any of the Indians should treat 
 the English with cruelty or injustice, they should 
 join with the white men in bringing the guilty 
 Indians to punishment. On the other hand, if 
 any Englishman should injure any of them, they 
 should not take private revenge, but apply to the 
 government for justice." 
 
 " Uncle Philip, that seems very fair." 
 
 " Yes, my lad ; it was very fair and just on 
 both sides." 
 
 " Well, sir, did they appeal to the governor 
 for justice in this case ?"
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 109 
 
 " Yes. In the autumn of that year a meeting 
 was held with the Eastern tribes, and a present 
 was sent to the Arossaguntacooks, expressive of 
 the intention on the part of the English to wipe 
 away the blood. The two men who killed Sa- 
 batis and Plausawa were taken, and brought to 
 Portsmouth to be tried. They were put in prison 
 and confined in irons, to wait for the sitting of 
 the court. 
 
 " In the night before the day for their trial, an 
 armed mob came down from the country, broke 
 open the prison, and set the two white men at 
 liberty. The governor then sent out a procla- 
 mation, offering a large reward to any who would 
 seize the persons who had broken open the pris- 
 on and released the prisoners ; but no man could" 
 tell anything about it, and they all escaped. 
 
 " This caused the St. Francis tribe to be still 
 more provoked ; and, not long after this, they 
 sent a message to some of the New-Hampshire 
 people, saying that the blood of their two breth- 
 ren, Sabatis and Plausawa, was not wiped away. 
 Perhaps we shall presently find out that this was 
 true, and that they remembered this injury for a 
 long time. 
 
 " It so happened, that just at this time, al- 
 though peace had been made between England 
 
 VOL. II. K
 
 110 HISTORY OF 
 
 and France, disputes again commenced ; and I 
 am sure you all recollect the cause of them. 
 You have not forgotten about the building of the 
 fort on the Ohio River by the French."* 
 
 " Yes, sir ; that was the beginning of the plan 
 for joining Canada and Louisiana." 
 
 " Yes, my lad ; and this was shortly after the 
 peace of Aix-la-Chapelle. By that peace the 
 French and English had agreed that all places 
 taken by either during the war should be restored. 
 So the Island of Cape Breton, which was taken, 
 as you know, was given back to the French." 
 
 " I should have thought, sir, that this would 
 have satisfied the French." 
 
 " Oh yes ; it should have satisfied them ; but 
 they were determined, you know, to extend their 
 possessions, and they knew that the Indians liked 
 them better than they did the English, and they 
 felt sure of their assistance always. And, be- 
 sides this, you know, Uncle Philip, that the 
 French never did like the English, nor the Eng- 
 lish the French." 
 
 " Very true, my lad ; and the people in Eng- 
 land were quite sure that the peace made with 
 the French was not to last long. They knew 
 that the difficulties then between them would 
 
 * Boys' and Girls' Library, No. XXI., p. 194.
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. Ill 
 
 have to be decided by the sword, and they de- 
 termined to provide in season for the contest. 
 Some English gentlemen sent letters over to the 
 American people, advising them to unite. And 
 you remember the Congress at Albany, where 
 Mr. Franklin offered his plan for joining the col- 
 onies for a common defence ?" 
 
 " Certainly I remember that plan, which the 
 people in England so strangely refused, and the 
 people in America also." 
 
 " It was not so very strange for Englishmen 
 to dislike the plan ; for the English government 
 wished to keep the colonies from becoming 
 stronger : but it was very strange for the Ameri- 
 cans to oppose it." 
 
 " Can you tell us, sir, what was the reason 
 they opposed it 1" 
 
 " The English rejected it, as I told you, be- 
 cause they thought it gave too much power to 
 the American colonies in their assemblies. The 
 Americans opposed it, because they thought it 
 gave too much power to the King of England." 
 
 " Well, Uncle Philip, it was really singular 
 that both should oppose it, for such reasons, too." 
 
 " But I can tell you something more singular 
 in this business. You all know that the fourth 
 of July is always celebrated in America as a
 
 112 HISTORY OF 
 
 great day. You remember this year what a dis- 
 play the military of the village made; and I 
 suppose you saw thejireworks in the evening 1" 
 
 " Yes, Uncle Philip, I saw it all. The fourth 
 of July is a noisy day. People are always mer- 
 ry then ; for that is the day on which we de- 
 clared our independence." 
 
 " Yes, my lad ; and it is right that we should 
 rejoice on that day. But I do not like to see the 
 day made noisy and disgusting to all sober-mind- 
 ed people, as it too often is, and to find a great 
 many people drunk in the streets, because I 
 think such conduct is a wicked abuse of the day. 
 On that day Americans declared they had a right 
 to be free, and determined to carry on the war 
 which gained us independence. Since that time 
 our country has been greatly prosperous and hap- 
 py, and Providence has given us many blessings. 
 Therefore the people should be thankful for these 
 blessings; and every good man who loves his 
 country will thank God for his mercies ; but to 
 make a great noise and public disturbance, and 
 to get drunk and quarrel on the fourth of July, 
 is a sad return for the blessings of liberty. 
 
 "For himself, Uncle Philip thinks that this 
 day should be observed as a religious festival ; 
 that churches should be opened for prayer and
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 113 
 
 praise ; and that the voice of the whole nation's 
 thanksgiving and gratitude should go up to Heav- 
 en. He may be singular and oldfashioned in his 
 views, but he is an old man, and he thinks that 
 we should never, never forget the hand of Provi- 
 dence, that led us on to victory and enabled us 
 to become free. 
 
 " But there are many causes why we should 
 remember this day ; for it has lately become 
 more remarkable in our country than any other 
 day connected with our civil history. On the 
 fourth of July, 1776, we declared our independ- 
 ence ; on the same day, in the year 1826, John 
 Jldams and Thomas Jefferson, two of our for- 
 mer presidents, died ; and on the fourth of July, 
 1831, James Monroe, another of our presidents, 
 died also." 
 
 " Uncle Philip, all this seems very strange ; 
 and if I were one of those old men who had been 
 in the Revolutionary war, and was distinguished 
 in that struggle for liberty, I should be afraid, on 
 every return of the fourth of July, that I was to 
 die on that day." 
 
 " Not many of them are left now to think of 
 death or of anything else : but I do not like to hear 
 you talk about fearing to die. A man yes, and 
 a child also should learn to think of death with- 
 
 K2
 
 114 HISTORY OF 
 
 out fear ; and there is but one way of doing this. 
 Learn to be a Christian, and then you will learn 
 to master and overcome all fear. 
 
 " But, my children, there is another remark- 
 able event connected with the fourth of July. 
 It was on that day, in the year 1754, that Mr. 
 Franklin's plan for the union of the colonies was 
 agreed to." 
 
 " But it was not agreed to, sir." 
 
 " I mean, agreed to by the gentlemen at Alba- 
 ny not by the people at large." 
 
 " Well, sir, these things seem strange indeed." 
 
 " Yes ; but we can give no reason for them. 
 They were the doings of that Providence which 
 watches over all things, whose care extends to 
 the mightiest events, and yet can so narrow its 
 watchfulness as to number the very hairs of our 
 heads and to notice the falling sparrow. These 
 things are beyond what we can see and under- 
 stand. So we will return to something that is 
 plainer, and that we can understand. 
 
 "The French and English are now at war 
 again. The first disturbances began in Virginia, 
 you know, about the Ohio fort." 
 
 " Yes, sir ; that was WASHINGTON'S first battle. 
 I shall never forget that." 
 
 " The news of this trouble in Virginia soon
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 115 
 
 spread through the country, and the Indians, who 
 were always ready to aid the French, began the 
 first attack. Most of the northern settlements 
 suffered of course, because they were exposed to 
 the Indian attacks as they came down from Cana- 
 da. The eastern part of New-Hampshire suf- 
 fered particularly. 
 
 " A party of Indians made an attacic upon 
 Baker's town, on the Pemigewasset River, and 
 killed one or two, and carried off a number of 
 captives. 
 
 " Shortly after this they killed a man and a 
 woman in the same neighbourhood ; and these 
 dangers and exposures caused the breaking up 
 of the settlements, and the people retired to the 
 lower towns for safety. The government was 
 obliged to place soldiers along these deserted 
 places, to give the alarm in case of an approach 
 of the foe. 
 
 " But I know of no place that suffered more 
 at that time than Number Four" 
 
 " Uncle Philip, that town was always sure to 
 suffer." 
 
 " It was one of the northern settlements, and 
 more exposed than most other towns. I remem 
 ber reading an account of the Indians breaking 
 into the house of a man named Johnson, and ta
 
 116 HISTORY OF 
 
 king him, and his wife, and family prisoners. 
 They entered the house early in the morning, 
 and so completely surprised the family that they 
 took them without resistance, and carried them 
 away. The day after Mrs. Johnson was carried 
 away her little daughter was born, and she named 
 her Captive Johnson," 
 
 " That was a singular name to give a little girl, 
 sir." 
 
 " The Indians halted one day on her account, 
 and then went on, carrying her and the little 
 child on a litter which they made for that purpose. 
 
 " And I remember, too, that they afterward 
 placed her'on horseback, until their provisions 
 failed, and they were forced to kill the hbrse and 
 eat his flesh for food. It is said, too, my chil- 
 dren, that the little girl .Captive was fed on the 
 flesh of that horse. 
 
 " At length the Indians reached Montreal, 
 and, after some difficulty, Mr. Johnson obtained 
 leave to go back to New-England, that he might 
 obtain money to redeem his family from captivi- 
 ty. He succeeded in procuring the money ; but 
 the season was so far advanced, and the winter 
 so severe, that he did not reach Canada again 
 till spring. When he reached Montreal most of 
 his money was taken from him, and he was 
 thrown into prison "
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 117 
 
 " Why was that, Uncle Philip ?" 
 
 " They said he had broken his word, and did 
 not return as soon as he had promised. But you 
 know the snow was so deep, and the winter so 
 severe, that he could not travel. 
 
 " After being confined for more than a year, 
 Mrs. Johnson and two of her daughters were sent 
 to England, and from there she came to Bos- 
 ton." 
 
 " And what became of Mr. Johnson, sir 1" 
 
 " He was kept a prisoner for three years. Af- 
 ter that he was allowed to return with his son to 
 Boston, where he again found his family. But 
 here still he was unfortunate ; and, being sus- 
 pected of designs unfriendly to the colonies, he 
 was again imprisoned ; but, as no evidence was 
 brought to prove him guilty, he was again set 
 free. I mention this case of suffering as one of 
 many of the same kind which were endured by 
 the people of Number Four. This place was 
 much exposed, and, being badly defended, the 
 savages often made their attacks upon it. And 
 you will see very soon that New-Hampshire tried 
 to provide against these attacks, by raising sol- 
 diers to defend these weak and exposed settle- 
 ments."
 
 118 HISTORY OF 
 
 CONVERSATION VH. 
 
 Uncle Philip tells the Children something more about the War 
 between the English and French The Reduction of Canada 
 by the English The Burning of the Village of the St. 
 Francis Tribe of Indians, and the Punishment of the Tribe. 
 
 " You remember, my children, that the Eng- 
 lish government sent out forces to America, un- 
 der the command of General Braddock, to fight 
 the French; and you may recollect that three 
 expeditions were planned. One was sent against 
 Fort Du Quesne, on the Ohio, under the command 
 of Braddock ; another was commanded by Gov- 
 ernor Shirley, against Niagara; and the third, 
 under General Johnson, was sent against Crown 
 Point." 
 
 " Yes, Uncle Philip ; and I remember that all 
 three of the expeditions failed." 
 
 " True ; and I only wish to tell you that, for 
 the undertaking against Crown Point, New- 
 Hampshire raised five hundred men, and put 
 them under the command of Colonel Blanchard. 
 The governor ordered them to Connecticut Riv- 
 er, to buikl a fort at Coos, supposing it to be on 
 the way to Crown Point. They wasted some
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. Jl9 
 
 time in this fruitless work, and then, by com- 
 mand of the governor, made a fatiguing march 
 to Albany by way of Number Four. 
 
 " And now, perhaps, you can call to mind an- 
 other attack which the English and Americans 
 planned V 9 
 
 " Yes, sir ; expeditions were again planned 
 against these same places, and, just as before, 
 they failed." 
 
 " And, more than this, Uncle Philip, the 
 French general Montcalm took Oswego, and ob- 
 tained possession of Lake Ontario." 
 
 " That is all correct : and here let me tell you, 
 that in these expeditions the soldiers from New- 
 Hampshire behaved bravely. 
 
 "During the first expedition against Crown 
 Point, while Johnson was encamped at Lake 
 George, the New-Hampshire regiment was post- 
 ed at Fort Edward. While the French and 
 Indians under Dieskau made an attack upon 
 Johnson in his camp, a scouting party of New- 
 Hampshire soldiers sallied out from Fort Edward, 
 found the baggage of the French army under 
 the care of a guard, made an attack upon them, 
 and dispersed them. When the French army ap- 
 peared on their return, these soldiers concealed 
 themselves among the trees, and kept up a con-
 
 120 HISTORY OF 
 
 tinual fire till night, killing many of the enemy. 
 They then made their way to their camp, carry- 
 ing their own wounded, and bearing with them a 
 number of French prisoners and considerable 
 plunder. The remainder of the ammunition and 
 baggage w r as brought into camp the next day." 
 
 " That was bravely done, Uncle Philip." 
 
 " The New-Hampshire soldiers were very skil- 
 ful, and usually successful jn such excursions as 
 this. But we will now return to our story. Can 
 ?.ny of you tell me anything of Lord Loudon, 
 who came to this country to take command of 
 the English forces ?" 
 
 " He came over, Uncle Philip, and planned an 
 expedition against Crown Point, and he failed 
 also ; and you said you did not think he was of 
 any great service in the country." 
 
 " Very well ; a regiment was raised in New- 
 Hampshire for this expedition. A part of them 
 went first to Halifax, and the remainder were 
 stationed for a time at Number Four. These 
 were afterward marched to Albany, and were 
 then posted at Fort William Henry, on Lake 
 George. The French general Montcalm, at the 
 head of a large body of Canadians and Indians, 
 with a train of artillery, attacked this fort, and, 
 as you recollect, perhaps, forced them to sur- 
 render." "
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 121 
 
 a Yes, sir ; I recollect about it. I shall never 
 forget that the battle of Fort William Henry 
 was a bloody battle, and how much the poor sol- 
 diers suffered." 
 
 " It was owing to the bad faith of the French, 
 my children, that our soldiers suffered so much 
 They were promised an escort of French troops 
 to Fort Edward, and were told that they might 
 carry their private baggage. But the Indians 
 had been induced to serve in this expedition by 
 the promise of plunder. They were greatly dis- 
 pleased at the terms granted to the garrison, and, 
 as they marched out unarmed, they fell upon 
 them, stripped them of everything they had, and 
 murdered every one who dared to offer any re- 
 sistance. 
 
 " The New-Hampshire regiment happened to 
 be in the rear, and ihey suffered the chief fury 
 of the savages. Eighty of the two hundred 
 wee killed and taken." 
 
 " And, Uncle Philip, I remember, too, that 
 Lord Loudon abused the American soldiers j but 
 I suspect they thought as little of him as he 
 possibly could think of them." 
 
 " These things show you, my children, that 
 New-Hampshire was not idle or backward in this 
 business, but willingly bore her part. The war, 
 ii. 10
 
 122 HISTORY OF 
 
 you will bear in mind, was looked upon in Amer- 
 ica as a general war against France. 
 
 " But we have not done yet. You see that 
 the French now had possession of Fort William 
 Henry, Oswego, and Fort Du Quesne, and that 
 gave them the command of Lake George, Lake 
 Ontario, and the Ohio River." 
 
 " Yes, sir ; and that looked like doing as they 
 pleased in joining Canada and Louisiana ; and I 
 believe, Uncle Philip, they would have succeed- 
 ed, had it not been for that great friend of our 
 country, William Pitt ; for you said the colonies 
 were very much discouraged by their misfor- 
 tunes, when Mr. Pitt kindly wrote to America, 
 and encouraged the people to keep on in their 
 struggle, and said he would send soldiers to this 
 country to aid them. And he did aid them, Un- 
 cle Philip ; for General Amherst soon came to 
 this country, and Lord Loudon returned home." 
 
 " You remember what I told you very \iell, 
 James ; and I should like to hear you farther. 
 Tell me now what Amherst'did." 
 
 "He reduced Louisburg, sir, a second time; 
 and, besides this, he afterward took Ticonderoga 
 and Crown Point. Fort Du Quesne was also 
 captured by a man named General Forbes, at 
 which place Washington aided him. Fort Fron-
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 123 
 
 tenac was also taken from the French by Colonel 
 Bradstrcet. Yes, sir, the English and American 
 soldiers did bravely after Mr. Pitt took the man- 
 agement of the war; and I know the New-York 
 soldiers fought well, and now I wish to have 
 you tell me whether the New-Hampshire soldiers 
 did the same." 
 
 " Why, yes, James. After Mr. Pitt sent his 
 letters to the country, New-Hampshire raised 
 first eight hundred men, and afterward one thou- 
 sand men. This last regiment served under 
 the command of Colonel Lovewell when Gener- 
 al Amherst took Ticonderoga and Crown Point." 
 
 " Lovewell, did you say, sir ? Was he a re- 
 lation of t"ie brave John Lovewell ?" 
 
 " Yes j he was the brother of that man, and 
 a brave officer he was. But there were other 
 places still which were taken. What were they V 9 
 
 " Niagara was taken by Colonel Johnson, the 
 noble-hearted man who wished to aid those poor 
 soldiers at Fort William Henry. And at last the 
 city of Quebec surrendered; and there Mont- 
 3alm and Wolfe died, two of the bravest men 
 of whom I ever heard. And the year after this, I 
 remember, General Amherst went to Montreal, 
 and there the Marquis de Vaudreiul, the govern- 
 or of Canada, surrendered also. And then, Un- 
 cle Philip, Canada was conquered."
 
 124 HISTORY OF 
 
 " Yes ; and peace was made at what time 1" 
 " I do not remember the year, sir." 
 " Well, James, you have remembered a great 
 deal of our New-York history ; so I will put you 
 in mind of the year. It was in 1762. And 
 now that Canada is conquered, I must tell you 
 that the English punished the St. Francis tribe 
 of Indians, of whom we talked, who had been 
 warm friends of the French, and, through all 
 the war, aided them against the colonies." 
 
 " Uncle Philip, in the first place I would like 
 to ask, while I think of it, where was John Stark 
 during this war ?" 
 
 " Have I said nothing of him ? It seems I 
 have forgotten to mention him, but I am in fault ; 
 for a brave man should always be remembered. 
 He was, during the greater part of the war, the 
 commander of a company of soldiers in New- 
 Hampshire, who were moving through the woods, 
 constantly on the look-out for the Indians. His 
 knowledge of the habits and character of the 
 savages made him very serviceable to his coun- 
 try. I hope, children, some time to talk with 
 you more about this man, and some others who 
 distinguished themselves in fighting for their 
 country. Now we will talk about the St. Fran- 
 cis Indians.
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 125 
 
 " As soon as the English had time to rest from 
 the war with the French and the Canadians, 
 they resolved to punish this tribe, who had an- 
 noyed them so much." 
 
 " Uncle Philip, they told the English that the 
 blood of Sabatis, and the other Indian who was 
 murdered at Canterbury, was not wiped away." 
 
 " Yes, my lad ; and, during all this war, they 
 had been washing it out. They had committed 
 ravages and murders all along the frontier. Gen- 
 eral Amherst therefore sent out from Crown 
 Point a party of two hundred rangers, under the 
 command of Major Rogers, who was one of the 
 New-Hampshire soldiers, to destroy their vil- 
 lage." 
 
 " Where did the St. Francis Indians live, sir ?" 
 
 " Their village was situated on Lake Mem- 
 phramagog, in the northern part of what is now 
 the State of Vermont." 
 
 " Yes, sir, I see it." 
 
 " After a fatiguing march of twenty-six days, 
 Major Rogers and his soldiers came in sight of 
 the village, which he discovered by climbing to 
 the top of a tree. Here he halted his men, three 
 miles distant from the Indian town. In the even- 
 ing, Rogers and two of his officers disguised 
 themselves and entered the village. They pass- 
 i 2
 
 126 HISTORY OF 
 
 ed about among the Indians without being dis- 
 covered. He found them celebrating one of their 
 savage festivals, and all engaged in carousing 
 and dancing. So he returned to his men, arran- 
 ged them in parties, and told them what he ex- 
 pected each man to do. After the village again 
 became quiet, he returned with the soldiers, en- 
 tered the village, and found the Indians all 
 asleep. Having taken care to place his men in 
 different parts of the village, the signal was giv- 
 en, and they fell upon the Indians at once and 
 completely surprised them. Some were killed in 
 their houses ; some tried to escape, and were cut 
 down ; and, when daylight broke upon the vil- 
 lage, the white men saw many hundred scalps 
 of their countrymen raised upon high poles and 
 waving in the air." 
 
 " That was evidence, sir, that they had en- 
 deavoured to wipe out the blood of those who 
 were murdered at Canterbury." 
 
 " Yes ; and that sight gave the white men 
 strength for vengeance. They found that the 
 village had been enriched by the plunder of the 
 frontiers and the sale of captives. The houses 
 were well-furnished, and their church was adorn- 
 ed with silver plate and rich articles of furniture. 
 Rogers feared that the alarm might reach
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 127 
 
 "bodies of Indians. So he ordered his men to 
 seize what plunder they could, and commenced 
 his return. They brought away all the money 
 they found, and, among other things, a large 
 and valuable silver image." 
 
 " Well, sir, I am glad they took the image." 
 
 "Besides this, Rogers set fire to the village 
 and retreated, carrying away five English pris- 
 oners whom he found at St. Francis, and about 
 twenty Indians. 
 
 " But Major Rogers and his men treated these 
 Indians with more kindness than they had for- 
 merly treated the white men ; for he dismissed 
 them without any farther punishment." 
 
 " I like that conduct, sir. Major Rogers be- 
 haved well." 
 
 " Yes, very well. But he himself met with 
 misfortune before he reached home. Only one 
 of his men was killed at St. Francis, and six or 
 seven wounded ; but, after they left the village, 
 they were pursued, and lost seven of their num- 
 ber. They then separated into smaller parties, 
 and endeavoured to get home as rapidly and 
 safely as possible. Some of them found their 
 way to the village of Number Four, and some 
 perished on the way. The bones of those who 
 were lost in the forests were found many years
 
 128 HISTOttY-OF 
 
 after by the people who settled in that part of 
 the country. 
 
 " So the St. Francis Indians were severely 
 punished j but Rogers and his men suffered bit- 
 terly. 
 
 " Before we close this conversation, I wish to 
 tell you, children, that it seemed to have been 
 ordered favourably by Divine Providence, that, 
 during this war of which we have just spoken, 
 the seasons were fruitful, and provisions were to 
 be found in plenty and at low prices. The col- 
 onies were able to supply their own troops, 
 and to furnish considerable which they sold for 
 the supply of the British soldiers. 
 
 " The two years that followed this war were 
 years of scarcity. The seasons were dry and 
 unfavourable, the crops were cut short, and the 
 people really had to purchase provisions from 
 abroad. If this calamity had attended the years 
 of the war, it would have been very unfortunate, 
 and the distress would have been felt not only at 
 home, but among the poor soldiers who were 
 fighting for their country."
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 129 
 
 CONVERSATION VHI. 
 
 
 
 Uucle Philip tells the Children about the Disputes between 
 New- Hampshire and New-York concerning Boundaries 
 Tells them about the Stamp Act, and what the People in 
 New-Hampshire said and did about it Governor Wentworth 
 resigns, and his Nephew takes his place. 
 
 "WHEN we talked about New-York, I told 
 you something respecting the disputes between 
 that colony and New-Hampshire on the subject 
 of their boundary-lines."* 
 
 " Uncle Philip, it seems that New-Hampshire 
 had considerable difficulty in determining the 
 size of her province. You told us the other day 
 of her long dispute with Massachusetts, and 
 now we are to hear of her New- York troubles." 
 
 "After the French war was ended, a large 
 portion of the land between New-Hampshire 
 and New-York was taken up and occupied by 
 settlers." 
 
 " That is where the State of Vermont now is, 
 Uncle Philip." 
 
 " Yes, James. Governor Wentworth allowed 
 these settlers to take up this land, and said that 
 
 * Uncle Philip's History of New- York. 
 II. 11
 
 130 HISTORY OF 
 
 New-Hampshire extended as far west as within 
 twenty miles of Hudson River. He granted to 
 some people who applied to him thf town of 
 Bennington, six miles square, and twenty-four 
 miles east of the Hudson. He disposed of a 
 number of other townships in the disputed terri- 
 tory. 
 
 " Governor Clinton, of New-York, said, on the 
 other hand, that New-Hampshire did not extend 
 farther than the Connecticut, and he thought, 
 therefore, that the men who were settled upon 
 the land had no right to be there j for they were 
 within his province." 
 
 " Uncle Philip, how far west did the provinces 
 of Connecticut and Massachusetts extend ?" 
 
 " They extended as far as New-Hampshire 
 claimed. They had the same dispute with New- 
 York, and it had been settled that their boundary 
 reached as far as a line twenty miles east of 
 Hudson River. But Governor Clinton, as I said, 
 thought New-Hampshire should not extend so 
 far ; and this produced disputes between him 
 and Mr. Wentworth. 
 
 " In the mean while, the people were very 
 anxious to occupy these new lands. Emigrants 
 from Massachusetts and Connecticut swarmed to 
 the West. Population and cultivation began 1o
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 131 
 
 increase with a rapidity never known before ; and 
 from this time may be dated the flourishing con- 
 dition of New-Hampshire, which had hitherto 
 been kept back in its growth by the continual 
 danger of the Indians. 
 
 " Governor Clinton saw this increase of the 
 power and influence of New-Hampshire, and 
 made application to the King of England, rep- 
 resenting that it would be better for the people 
 inhabiting this disputed territory to be joined to 
 New-York, and asking the king to decide. Af- 
 ter a while, the question was settled in England 
 in favour of New- York." 
 
 " And so, Uncle Philip, New-Hampshire was 
 confined within the Connecticut River 1" 
 
 " The western line of the province was decla- 
 red to be the west bank of that river. You will 
 do well to remember this, as it will help you bet- 
 ter to understand the history of New-Hampshire, 
 if hereafter, when you are older, you read about 
 that state." 
 
 " Thank you, sir ; we will try to remember it" 
 
 " We have now, my children, brought the 
 history of New-Hampshire down to a very re- 
 markable and a very interesting period of our 
 country. It is said that, ' from the earliest es- 
 tablishment of the American colonies, a jealousy
 
 132 HISTORY OF 
 
 of their independence had existed among the 
 people of Great Britain.' 
 
 " It would seem, children, that this jealousy 
 increased, as it naturally would, as the colonies 
 gained in strength and importance." 
 
 " Uncle Philip, what made the people in Eng- 
 land think that the Americans wished to be free ? 
 The people in this country were satisfied until 
 the king and Parliament drove them to assert 
 their independence." 
 
 " That is very true. The people in England 
 knew that those who came away from that coun- 
 try to settle in America had many of them suf- 
 fered there from religious persecution and other 
 causes, and they suspected that these men, when 
 they gained sufficient power to protect them- 
 selves, would be likely to cast themselves off 
 from the government at home, and set up a more 
 free and tolerant form of government. As early 
 as the reign of James the First, such suspicions 
 as these were entertained in England. And 
 even when King William was seated on the 
 throne, who was so highly esteemed in England 
 and America too, this same jealousy seems to 
 have existed. But it became more evident at a 
 time when there was the least reason to expect it 
 
 " The time of difficulty now drew on. Of
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 133 
 
 these troubles we have talked before, for they 
 were common to all the colonies." 
 
 " Yes, yes, Uncle Philip ; you mean the Stamp 
 Ad. You are going to tell us about that." 
 
 " Yes, I am; or, rather, I will hear you talk 
 of it, for you should know something about it. 
 So, Henry Williams, give us some information 
 about the Stamp Act." 
 
 " I will, Uncle Philip. The Stamp Act was 
 passed in the year 1765 in the British Parliament, 
 and the motion was made for it by Lord Gren- 
 ville ; and as it was very unjust towards the 
 Americans, it produced great dissatisfaction in 
 our country. Every person almost was angry, 
 because they thought the English were anxious 
 to be their masters, and to keep them from gain- 
 ing'power and becoming prosperous. And I be- 
 lieve they thought right, Uncle Philip." 
 
 " Very well, Henry ; before you go on, I sim- 
 ply wish to say, that the Parliament had passed 
 a law before this, laying a duty on sugar and mo- 
 .asses imported from the West Indies, which the 
 people disliked because it interfered with the 
 trade of the colonies with those islands. Now 
 you may proceed." 
 
 " Well, sir, when the news of this act arrived 
 
 VOL. ii. M
 
 134 HISTORY OF 
 
 in America, the people determined not to submit 
 to such injustice." 
 
 " Stop again one minute. Here are three lit- 
 tle girls who were not with us when we talked 
 together before, and perhaps they do not know 
 what the Stamp Act means ; but you can tell 
 them what it means. You remember I explained 
 it to you in our Virginia History."* 
 
 " It was a law, girls, which said that all the 
 paper used in America for printing newspapers, 
 writing notes and deeds, and such things, should 
 be marked with a particular stamp. If it was not 
 marked with this stamp it was declared not to be 
 lawful; and the law was made merely to get 
 money out of the American people. Well, in a 
 little time, when the news of that law reached 
 America, the Virginia Assembly was sitting/and 
 Patrick Henry made a speech against the act ; 
 and the Virginia Assembly declared that they 
 had a right to tax themselves, and that no other 
 country or body of people should be allowed to 
 tax them without their consent. 
 
 " And in New-York the Stamp Act was drag- 
 ged through the streets, and called the folly of 
 England and the ruin of America. And in 
 Massachusetts the Assembly proposed that each 
 * Boys' and Girls' Library, No. XXL, p. 216.
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 135 
 
 colony should send men to meet in a general 
 Congress, and see what should be done."* 
 
 " Very good : go on, and let us hear what 
 else was done. Did the Congress meet 7" 
 
 " Oh yes, sir ; and it was the first Colonial 
 Congress, as it was called ; and Mr. Ruggles, of 
 Massachusetts, was made speaker ; and the Con- 
 gress met in the City o/ New-York; and then 
 this Congress agreed to send a petition to the 
 king and Parliament, begging that the Stamp 
 Act might be repealed."f 
 
 " Stop again, Henry. Tell me what colonies 
 sent members to that Congress." 
 
 " These were Massachusetts, Rhode Island, 
 Connecticut, New- York, New-Jersey, Pennsyl- 
 vania, Delaware, Maryland, and South Carolina. 
 Well, Uncle Philip I never thought of it before 
 there were no members there from New- 
 Hampshire." 
 
 " None : but the New-Hampshire Assembly, 
 at their next meeting after the Congress \ras 
 broken up, sent the same sort of petition to Eng- 
 land. She sent out her petition by a man nan*<d 
 Trecothick, who was at that time the agent v)f 
 this province ; and Mr. Wentworth, a nephew of 
 
 * Ur.de Philip's History of Massachusetts, vol. ii. ( p. l(v 
 t Uncle Philip's History of New- York.
 
 136 HISTORY OF 
 
 the governor, was then in England, and he was 
 to aid Trecothick in this petition. 
 
 " And now let me go back a little, because I 
 wish to show you that the citizens of New-Hamp- 
 shire were as spirited and resolute as their coun- 
 trymen in the other states, although they sent no 
 members to that Congress. 
 
 " You have been told that officers were sent 
 out to America to receive and distribute these 
 stamps, as they were called. The man sent to 
 New-Hampshire for this purpose was George 
 Messerve, a son' of a brave officer, Colonel Mes- 
 serve, who fell at the capture of Louisburg. He 
 sailed in a ship from England and landed at Bos- 
 ton. Before he landed, however, he was told 
 that the people in New-Hampshire were so dis- 
 pleased and offended at this act, that it would 
 not be safe for him to go there unless he resigned 
 And he really did resign his office, and then they 
 welcomed him upon the shore." 
 
 " It was well for him, Uncle Philip, that he 
 did so." 
 
 " So I think ; for the people were so angry that 
 I fear they would have murdered him if he had 
 attempted to distribute the stamps. The people 
 in Portsmouth were very much excited. They 
 had hung in effigy some of the men in England
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 137 
 
 who were most active in this matter, and would 
 have been glad to fasten the rope around the 
 necks of the men in their own proper persons. 
 When Messerve reached that place, the people 
 forced him to make a second resignation, public- 
 ly, before he was allowed to go to his own house. 
 The people seemed tolerably satisfied with this. 
 Soon after, the stamped paper which was des- 
 tined for New-Hampshire arrived at Boston in 
 the same vessel with that intended for Massachu- 
 setts." 
 
 " What did the people do with it, Uncle Phil- 
 ip r 
 
 " There was no officer or any person who 
 would take care of it or have anything to do 
 with it ; and so, by order of the governor, it was 
 placed in the Castle. In Massachusetts the peo- 
 ple had also forced the stamp officer to resign, 
 and there was no one in either of these provin- 
 ces who dared to distribute the paper." 
 
 " And the governor laid it away for saje keep- 
 ing, sir 1" 
 
 "Yes." 
 
 " Well, Uncle Philip, it is plain that the citi- 
 zens of New-Hampshire did not want firmness 
 or courage, and I was thinking that the cause of 
 her having no members in th * Colonial Con 
 
 M2
 
 138 HISTORY OF 
 
 gress was this : not because she was not in fa- 
 vour of the Congress, but because her Assembly 
 was not in session at the time to choose members. 
 Why, sir, there might have been many causes for 
 not sending members, although she was in fa- 
 vour of the Congress." 
 
 " Very true, my lad." 
 
 " And there, sir, was Virginia, that sent no 
 members to that Congress ; and who ever said 
 that Virginia was not a bold and independent 
 state ?" 
 
 " No one ever said that ; and I am pleased to 
 see that you are not only looking at facts, but at 
 the causes of facts also. That is the true way 
 of studying history. You should therefore not 
 only remember the events that occurred, but try 
 also to understand the causes which brought 
 about these things. 
 
 " Let me tell you more about that man Mes- 
 serve. Although he had resigned when he came 
 to the country, he had no right then to act as 
 stamp distributor, because he had no commission. 
 He was sent out to this country to act in that ca- 
 pacity when the law should go into operation, 
 and his commission should be sent out to him 
 from England ; and, as I told you, he was even 
 forced to resign then. After this he received his 
 commission from England."
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 139 
 
 " What did he do then, sir 1" 
 
 " He showed his commission to the governor ; 
 and the people soon found out that he had got 
 it, and supposed that he intended to distribute 
 the stamps. The Sons of Liberty, as the patriot- 
 ic citizens called themselves, took the alarm, and 
 immediately collected together at the beat of the 
 drum. They found Messerve, and obliged him 
 publicly to give up his commission into their 
 hands. These papers they fastened upon the 
 point of a sword, and marched with them tri- 
 umphantly through the streets. They then caus- 
 ed him to take an oath that he would never at- 
 tempt to execute the office of stamp distributor." 
 
 " Then, Uncle Philip, I suppose they destroyed 
 the commission ?" 
 
 " No, they did not. They sealed it up, and 
 gave it into the hands of a man who was just 
 then ready to sail for England. They made him 
 swear to deliver the packet as it was directed. 
 It was sent to the agents of the province in Eng- 
 land ; and thus the matter was disposed of. 
 
 " This Stamp Act was to go into operation on 
 the first of November. On the last day of Oc- 
 tober, the New-Hampshire Gazette, a newspaper 
 published at Portsmouth, appeared ornamented 
 with a mourning border. A body of the people,
 
 140 HISTORY OF 
 
 supposing that the stamps would be distributed, 
 came down from the country and approached the 
 town of Portsmouth, but, being assured that no 
 such thing was intended, they quietly returned." 
 
 " Uncle Philip, this paper was still in the Cas- 
 tle at Boston, was it not ?" 
 
 " Yes ; it was never brought into New-Hamp- 
 shire. The first of November, the day, as I told 
 you, on which this act was to begin, came, and 
 was ushered in by the tolling of bells. The peo- 
 ple of Portsmouth collected and formed a funer- 
 al procession, and marched about the town car- 
 rying a coffin, on which was written the God- 
 dess of Liberty. This coffin they were about to 
 put in the grave, when signs of life were suppo- 
 sed to be discovered, and they marched off again 
 in triumph." 
 
 " Well, Uncle Philip, I am glad they did not 
 bury her. It showed that they had some hope, 
 and were determined that Liberty should not be 
 buried." 
 
 " I am glad to tell you, that in New-Hamp- 
 shire, although the people were very much exci- 
 ted, and were very earnest in their opposition to 
 the Stamp Act, yet there were no disgraceful 
 riots, and no waste of property or personal in- 
 sults."
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 141 
 
 " Uncle Philip, where was Governor Went- 
 worth all this time 1 I should be glad to know 
 what he thought of these things. Did he take 
 sides with the people or the King of England ?" 
 
 " Why, my lad, he was very quiet. There 
 had been no tumults which called for the exer- 
 cise of his authority, and he took sides openly 
 neither with the king nor people. He was, I 
 think, unwilling to make the people his enemies, 
 and he was also in hopes that he should secure 
 the favour and friendship of King George. Some 
 have said that he wanted decision and independ- 
 ence of mind, and was afraid to avow his opin- 
 ions either way. But, if this was true, there is 
 some excuse for him ; for he was at this time an 
 old man, and his health was very feeble. He 
 had governed the province, too, for twenty-five 
 years, and had generally been liked by the peo- 
 ple ; and I suppose he said nothing, because, like 
 most old men, he felt that his days at best were 
 but few, and he wished to die in peace. His 
 quiet example was followed by most of the 
 king's officers in New-Hampshire ; and, if any 
 of them were secretly in favour of the Stamp 
 Act, they were kept back by fear from taking 
 any open and active part. 
 
 " Now go on, Henry, and tell us, if you please,
 
 142 HISTORY OF 
 
 how these petitions from America were treated 
 m England." 
 
 " Well, Uncle Philip, many men in the Eng- 
 lish Parrliament opposed these petitions, and 
 Lord Grenville was the chief man among them. 
 But Mr. Pitt, who was a true friend of the colo- 
 nies, made a speech in Parliament in favour of 
 America, and this Stamp Act was repealed. And 
 the news of this repeal caused great rejoicing 
 throughout this country." 
 
 " Yes ; and I wish to tell you that, after the 
 news of this repeal arrived in New-Hampshire, 
 Governor Wentworth received a letter also from 
 Mr. Conway, then the secretary of state in Eng- 
 land. In this letter the secretary stated that 
 ' Parliament had been very kind to the colonies 
 in repealing these laws,' and told them * that 
 they ought to be very grateful and obedient to 
 England in return.' He also sent to the govern- 
 or an act of Parliament, requiring that any per- 
 son who had suffered any damage by the late 
 riots should be paid by the colonies for the inju- 
 ries they had received." 
 
 " The Parliament hardly deserved much grat- 
 itude from the colonies, I think, Uncle Philip, for 
 what they had done. It was only repairing an 
 act of great injustice ; and that they ought to
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 143 
 
 have done without asking or expecting any 
 thanks." 
 
 " You are right, my lad ; and so the colonies 
 thought. But it happened, as we shall see here- 
 after, that they did not repair all the wrong. 
 
 " Governor Wentworth placed this letter be- 
 fore the New-Hampshire Assembly, and behaved 
 like a gentleman ; for he told them that he knew 
 no damages which they had done that called for 
 any payment. But, children, there was one man 
 base enough to pretend that he had suffered inju- 
 ries, and he asked the Assembly to pay him for 
 them." 
 
 Who was that, Uncle Philip ?" 
 " It was Messerve, the stamp distributor." 
 " Well, sir, did the Assembly pay him ?" 
 " They told him that his pretence of injury 
 was false; that he had suffered no damage; that, 
 when any danger had threatened him, they had 
 taken care that a guard was ready to protect 
 him ; and they should not give him anything." 
 " What did he say to that, sir ?" 
 " He left the country and went back to Eng- 
 land, where he was made a collector of customs. 
 " But I must tell you what else was done by 
 this Assembly. They passed a resolution thank- 
 ing the king and Parliament for repealing the
 
 144 HISTORV OF 
 
 Stamp Act, and sent over their address to Eng- 
 land in the same ship that carried back the 
 stamped paper which had been placed in the 
 Castle by Governor Bernard." 
 
 " Well, Uncle Philip, I think that Messerve 
 was a base fellow, and, whatever others may 
 think of Governor -Wentworth, I like him very 
 much." 
 
 " Yes, Thomas, and so do many others like 
 his character ; but there are others with whom 
 he was no favourite. For myself, I think he was 
 wanting in decision and independence of char- 
 acter during these Stamp Act difficulties. It 
 was for his interest to be still, and to take no 
 part unless forced to do so ; but I like men who 
 have sufficient regard for principle to prompt 
 them to take a decided stand when great princi- 
 ples are in danger. Something, however, must 
 be allowed to an old and feeble man, who had 
 seen considerable trouble in his day, and. who 
 wished to avoid disturbance now that his day 
 was drawing to a close. 
 
 " We will now finish what we have to say of 
 the old governor. Complaints had been sent 
 against him to England, and these complaints 
 had made many enemies for him there. He was 
 charged with oppression and cruelty ; but I do
 
 MEW-HAMPSHIRE. 145 
 
 not believe that these charges were true, for I 
 read in one of my books that he was a pious 
 man, and that he did all he could to have the 
 gospel preached regularly in his province." 
 
 " "Well, sir, that does not look much like op- 
 pression and cruelty." 
 
 " But it was determined in England to re- 
 move him from his place and to make a new 
 governor." 
 
 " That was rather hard for the old man, Uncle 
 Philip." 
 
 " In looking round for some man to fill his 
 place, it was thought that Mr. John Wentworth, 
 a nephew of the old governor, who had been 
 one of the agents of the colony in England, was 
 the proper man for the new governor. And 
 now I wish to tell you something of this young- 
 er Mr. Wentworth which will cause you to think 
 highly of him. He knew that his uncle was to 
 be removed from office, and .that he was to be 
 made governor in his stead, and he thought this 
 would seem disgraceful to the old gentleman, 
 and injure his feelings. So he prevailed on the 
 government in England t :> allow the old man the 
 chance to resign his place without being turned 
 out." 
 
 " And the old governor resigned, sir ?" 
 ii. 12
 
 \4.6 HISTORY OP 
 
 " Yes ; and his nephew came over as govern- 
 or, and was very joyfully received at Ports- 
 mouth." 
 
 " Yes, Uncle Philip ; for he was well known 
 there as the friend of the people, I suppose." 
 
 " They had not forgotten the aid he had ren- 
 dered them in their petitions relative to the 
 Stamp Act, and he was much respected for his 
 worth and talents. And now, children, we will 
 rest for the present"
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 147 
 
 CONVERSATION IX. 
 
 Uncle Philip tells the Children about the new Governor, Mr. 
 John Wentworth Dartmouth College founded New-Hamp- 
 shire divided into Counties Peter Livius Troubles with 
 Great Britain. 
 
 " WELL, children, we are all here again, and 
 Uncle Philip is ready to go on. Mr. Wentworth, 
 the governor, entered upon the duties of his of- 
 fice determined to secure the good-will of the 
 people, and anxious to promote the prosperity 
 of the colony." 
 
 " Was he a young man, sir ?" 
 
 " Yes ; he was in the prime of life, active, and 
 enterprising, and possessed many amiable and 
 manly traits of character which were calculated 
 to please the people." 
 
 " One thing was favourable for him, Uncle 
 Philip. The people were disposed to like him on 
 account of what he had done for the colony 
 while he was in England." 
 
 "Yes, and there was another thing which 
 made him more popular in the beginning of his 
 administration. He owed his appointment to 
 those men who had brought about a repeal of
 
 148 HISTORY OF 
 
 the Stamp Act. And he had himself aided in 
 securing the same object. The people were 
 pleased with what had been done, although they 
 saw difficulties and trials still before them." 
 
 "How so, Uncle Philip?" 
 
 " I shall tell you of that pretty soon ; but, for 
 the present, we will leave bad laws and dissatis- 
 fied people, and talk about something else. The 
 first act of the new governor was directed to- 
 wards the improvement of the country. He was 
 himself active in exploring the country, traver- 
 sing forests, and looking out routes for roads ; 
 and set the example of cultivating the land and 
 clearing up the forest. 
 
 " These were the improvements which New- 
 Hampshire at that time needed, and it was well 
 that the people had for their governor a man 
 who took an interest in such things. 
 
 " But there were other improvements, chiefly 
 the result of individual enterprise, to which we 
 will direct our attention. Look upon the map, 
 Caroline, and see if you find Dartmouth College." 
 
 " Yes, Uncle Philip, here it is, situated upon 
 the Connecticut River, in the town of Hanover." 
 
 " Do you all see the place 1 Point it out, 
 Caroline, and then the little girls can see where 
 it is. I am going to talk to you of this college.
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 149 
 
 " It was while Mr. Went worth was governor 
 that this college was founded, and I think, too, 
 that he deserves some credit for helping it along. 
 And I never think of Dartmouth College, or of 
 any of those schools of learning which were so 
 early established, without feeling that the lead- 
 ing men of that day were not only very kind, but 
 very wise in providing for education. How 
 much better is it for any country to seek to edu- 
 cate the rising generation, and to scatter abroad 
 sound and valuable knowledge, than to be enga- 
 ged in quarrels with other nations, and fighting 
 for victories abroad. Knowledge is power, you 
 have often heard it said ; and it is the best and 
 most efficient power which a man can command 
 
 " There was Harvard College in Massachu- 
 setts, and William and Mary College in Virgin- 
 ia, and now Dartmouth College in New-Hamp- 
 shire, all founded at this early period of the his- 
 tory of our country. Why, my children, the 
 people who settled America hardly provided 
 dwellings for themselves before they set to work 
 to build churches and establish schools, and in 
 this way it was that they laid the foundation of 
 the prosperity of our country." 
 
 " Uncle Philip, that is just what Mr. Henry 
 said in his oration last fourth of July." 
 
 N2
 
 150 HISTORY OF 
 
 " Very well, Robert. I am glad that Mr. Hen- 
 ry takes that view of the case ; for it seems to 
 me that, if our old fathers had not provided as 
 they did for religion and learning, we should 
 never have had spirit and steadiness to gain our 
 independence ; and I am sure we should never 
 have possessed sufficient wisdom and strength 
 of principle to enable us to govern ourselves. 
 But let us return to Dartmouth College. 
 
 " About the year 1760 there was a very good 
 man named John Sergeant, who came to this 
 country to preach to the Indians. He resided for 
 a number of years among the Indians at Stock- 
 bridge, in Massachusetts. He had been very dili- 
 gent in his efforts, and made himself very useful j 
 but still he found the Indians so totally ignorant 
 and unsettled in their habitation being constant- 
 ly wandering from place to place that his reli- 
 gious instructions could have but a partial influ- 
 ence. He had observed that some Indian chil- 
 dren, who were taken into the families of the 
 English and furnished with opportunities to gain 
 learning, were anxious to improve, and made 
 good progress in their books. So he determined 
 to establish a school for them. He wished to 
 afford them the means of learning, and to in- 
 struct them to live and labour as white men did."
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 151 
 
 " Did he make Indian books for them, Uncle 
 Philip 7" 
 
 " No. He wished to learn them the English 
 language instead of their rude and imperfect 
 dialect. He made known his plan to a number 
 of benevolent persons, and many thought well 
 of it, and gave him money to found his school. 
 This was in the year 1769. He began his school 
 at Stockbridge, and had the Indian children 
 placed under the care of one teacher, who taught 
 them how to read and write, and another who 
 instructed them in agriculture. The little Indian 
 girls were taught by a female such kind of work 
 as suited their sex. But, just as Mr. Sergeant 
 began to see his school improving, he died." 
 
 " And the poor Indian children were left again, 
 Uncle Philip, without a teacher 7" 
 
 " No ; they found friends still. After this 
 good missionary's death, a man named Wheelock 
 undertook the plan and revived the school. He 
 too had been trying to teach the Indians, and 
 found they were able and anxious to learn. He 
 had friends, too, who gave him money to assist 
 him ; and among them was a Mr. Moor, who 
 took considerable interest,, and gave the largest 
 sum of money j and the school was named Moor's 
 School.
 
 152 HISTORY OP 
 
 " To increase the means of improvement, aid 
 was sought in England and Scotland, as well as 
 in the colonies. The money collected in Eng- 
 land was placed in the hands of trustees ; at the 
 head of these trustees was the Earl of Dart- 
 mouth." ^ 
 
 " Yes, Uncle Philip, and it was called Dart- 
 mouth College after him, I suppose." 
 
 "You will learn presently. Dr. Wheelock 
 thought that it would be better for the school if 
 he were to take in white children as well as In- 
 dians. He supposed that the example of the 
 English boys would stimulate the Indians, espe- 
 cially in working the soil ; for the Indians are 
 never fond of labour of that sort." 
 
 " They prefer to hunt game and catch fish, 
 Uncle Philip." 
 
 " The school now increased so fast that it was 
 thought best to remove it to some other part of 
 the country, where they could find more land to 
 cultivate." 
 
 " Where was it now, sir 1" 
 
 " Dr. Wheelock's school was at Lebanon, in 
 Connecticut. When it was known that it was 
 proposed to remove this school, Governor Went- 
 worth offered Dr. Wheelock the township of Han- 
 over as a place for its new situation. The doc-
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 153 
 
 tor accepted the invitation, moved the school to 
 what was then a forest, and it was called Dart- 
 mouth College, in honour of the Earl of Dart- 
 mouth. Dr. Wheelock was the first president, 
 and he now found himself at the head of an in- 
 stitution which seemed to promise great good. 
 There had been given for the support of the col- 
 lege between forty and fifty thousand acres of 
 land, and considerable money both in this coun- 
 try and in England." 
 
 " How many boys were there at that time in 
 the school, sir 1" 
 
 " Twenty-four ; and of these only six were In- 
 dians/' 
 
 " Why, Uncle Philip, I should have thought 
 that the Indian boys would have been glad to 
 go to school." 
 
 " No ; as Thomas said just now, they were too 
 fond of roving in the woods, and hunting game, 
 and catching fish, and all that wild sort of life, 
 ever to think of going to school. Dr. Wheelock 
 himself gave it a fair trial, and he used to say 
 that, out of forty who had been under him, twen- 
 ty returned again to the woods and to the Indian 
 mode of life, refusing to live with the white 
 men. And I have heard of one who went to 
 this college, remained there for some tune, learned
 
 154 HISTORY OF 
 
 well, and behaved like a civilized man. But he 
 was allowed to go back and see his Indian 
 friends. When again in the wild, free forest, he 
 forgot his school and his books, stripped off the 
 clothes which the white men had given him, and 
 threw a blanket over his shoulders, and declared 
 that an Indian he was born, and an Indian he 
 would always be ; that the sun never changed, and 
 he would never change" 
 
 " Uncle Philip, that Indian was a strange fel- 
 low/' 
 
 " So we think ; but if he were here, he would 
 call us strange fellows to be living in houses and 
 cultivating the fields, when there are lakes, and 
 streams, and woods, where game and fish are 
 abundant. 
 
 " As I told you, Dr. Wheelock removed his 
 school into the forest. The first buildings which 
 were occupied for the college were nothing more 
 than rude huts, built of logs, in the midst of the 
 green old trees. The place where these huts 
 were erected was a beautifu. plain on the bank 
 of the Connecticut, elevated considerably above 
 the surface of the river. It is now a beautiful 
 village, having all the greenness and neatness of 
 a New-England town, with its fine college edi- 
 fices and its neat private dwellings. A few
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. ,. 155 
 
 years since, a splendid full-length likeness of the 
 Earl of Dartmouth, copied from a painting by 
 Sir Joshua Reynolds, was presented to the col- 
 lege by one of the earl's descendants, and is pre- 
 served in the college library." 
 
 " Uncle Philip, do the Indian boys go there 
 now to be educated ?" 
 
 " Very few indeed. For many years Moor's 
 School was kept up, distinct from the college it- 
 self; but that is now closed, and scarcely any of 
 the children of the Indians go to Dartmouth to 
 be educated. 
 
 " The founding of Dartmouth College was 
 one thing done in the time of Mr. Wentworth. 
 I will now tell you of another thing, which was 
 a small matter, but which proved useful to the 
 people in New-Hampshire. You see on the map 
 that this state, like New-York and the other 
 states, is divided into counties." 
 
 " Yes, sir." 
 
 " Well, Governor Wentworth made this divis- 
 ion not just as you see it now, for Merrimack 
 and Sullivan counties have been formed since 
 by dividing the larger counties. The state was 
 at first made into five counties, which were na- 
 med after some of the governor's friends in Eng- 
 land. They were Rockingham, Strafford, Hills-
 
 156 HISTORY OF 
 
 borough, Cheshire, and Grafton. This division 
 added greatly to the convenience of the people ; 
 for before this they had been carried from all 
 parts of the state to Portsmouth whenever the 
 courts were held, but now each county was al- 
 lowed its own court. 
 
 "About this time, that is, in the year 1761, 
 the governor had some difficulties with a man 
 named Peter Livius, who made an effort to ob- 
 tain the dismissal of Mr. Wentworth from his 
 office." 
 
 " What was the cause of this difficulty, sir 1" 
 
 " This Mr. Livius had for several years been 
 an officer of the courts of New-Hampshire, but, 
 on the division of the state into counties, he had 
 been left out. Finding himself overlooked in 
 the new appointments, he went over to England, 
 and, when there, entered his complaints against 
 the governor." 
 
 " What were the charges, Uncle Philip ?" 
 
 " He charged him with injustice in the gov- 
 ernment of the province, with neglect of duty, 
 and with partiality towards his friends." 
 
 " Were these charges true, sir ?" 
 
 " They were not proved, certainly ; and I be- 
 lieve they had no foundation in truth. Persons 
 of all ranks and professions united in testifying
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 157 
 
 N 
 
 in the governor's favour ; and, when the matter 
 was reported to the king, he dismissed the com- 
 plaints." 
 
 " And acquitted Mr. Wentworth, sir 1" 
 
 " Yes. In this matter, Livius found in Eng- 
 land some persons who were anxious to have 
 the governor dismissed; and they did all they 
 could to favour Livius in this controversy. When 
 they could not succeed, they obtained for him the 
 appointment of chief-justice of New-Hampshire." 
 
 " Well, Uncle Philip, he was a troublesome 
 fellow." 
 
 " Yes ; and his friends finally thought that, if 
 he returned to New-Hampshire as chief-justice, 
 it would only make disturbance, and, perhaps, 
 involve them all in trouble ; so he accepted an 
 office in Canada, and went to Quebec." 
 
 " The people of New-Hampshire must have 
 been pleased, sir, with the result." 
 
 " Yes ; when the news reached them, a gen- 
 eral satisfaction appeared among them. At the 
 next session of the Assembly they presented the 
 governor an address, in which they congratula- 
 ted him for his escape from these difficulties; 
 and a general joy pervaded the towji of Ports- 
 mouth. 
 
 " And now, my children, that we have looked 
 
 VOL. II.-
 
 158 HISTORY OF 
 
 at home a little while, and seen how the people 
 were getting on in some of their affairs, we will 
 turn our attention abroad, and see what the peo- 
 ple in England were doing in reference to the 
 colonies. Although the Stamp Act was repeal- 
 ed, as I told you, the government of England 
 seemed determined to be the master of America ; 
 for, very soon after this difficulty was removed, 
 another law was made, as you know, to tax tea, 
 and glass, and paints which were sent into this 
 country." 
 
 " Yes, Uncle Philip ; and I recollect that the 
 Parliament said that they had power to bind 
 the colonies in all cases." 
 
 " Very well ; can you tell me what the people 
 determined to do respecting this law ?" 
 
 " Yes, sir ; many of the colonies entered into 
 an agreement not to bring these articles into 
 America." 
 
 " Yes ; and this spirited and determined con- 
 duct of the colonies caused the English Parlia- 
 ment to take off the duties on all articles except- 
 ing tea, and that, boys, was very foolishly, and, I 
 think, wickedly continued." 
 
 " And, Uncle Philip, I suppose that the Brit- 
 ish know now that it was wrong ; for, like many 
 others, they have learned a sad lesson by e pe-
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 159 
 
 rience. And I should have thought, sir, that, 
 when the tea was thrown overboard at Boston, 
 it was time to put a stop to such a law. The 
 fact is, if England had been wise, and had treated 
 us kindly, as we deserved, we should have been 
 colonies of Great Britain now ; for the Ameri- 
 cans loved Old England, and I have often heard 
 old men speak highly of King George the Third." 
 
 "Yes, boys, there is no doubt of one thing. 
 Our ancestors were attached to their old home 
 and to the king, and fought only when they 
 found that the King of England was not content- 
 ed to treat them as subjects, but was anxious to 
 make them his slaves. It was tyranny in the 
 British king and Parliament which led the colo- 
 nies to assert their "rights and to battle for free- 
 dom. They were Englishmen, the sons of Eng- 
 lishmen, a part of a brave nation that would 
 never submit to slavery ; and, if the administra- 
 tion in England had reflected at all, they would 
 have seen that men of like temper and like feel- 
 ings with themselves would never endure op- 
 pression and submit to injustice without a strong 
 effort to resist it in every shape. 
 
 " But let us go on and see how the people in 
 New-Hampshire treated the tea that was sent 
 over to that state.
 
 160 HISTORY OF 
 
 " The first cargo that came over was landed 
 and stored at the custom-house before it was 
 generally known that it had arrived. Imme- 
 diately a public meeting of the people was call- 
 ed, and it was proposed- to the man to whose 
 care it was sent that it should be sent back." 
 
 " Did he do it, sir ?" 
 
 " Yes, he consented to send it away. A guard 
 was appointed to watch the place where it was 
 stored, and the governor kept the magistrates and 
 peace-officers ready to prevent any riotous inter- 
 ference. The tea was peaceably put on board 
 of the vessel and sent to Halifax. 
 
 " A second cargo was sent to the same man ; 
 and this occasioned some disturbance. A party 
 assembled around his house, and proceeded to 
 break in his windows. He applied to the gov- 
 ernor for protection. The governor called a 
 meeting of his council, and the tea was allowed 
 to be reshipped ; and this also was sent to Hal- 
 ifax. 
 
 " Just about this time the city of Boston suf- 
 fered more than any other part of the country 
 from the operation of this law. There the tea 
 was destroyed, as I told you in our Conversations 
 about Massachusetts.* The English govern- 
 * See Uncle Philip's History of Massachusetts.
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 101 
 
 ment were so enraged by the conduct of the 
 Boston people, that their port was shut up, and 
 guarded by British ships-of-war. So that in 
 Boston the merchants and tradesmen were suf- 
 fering very much from the interruption of their 
 business." 
 
 " Yes, Uncle Philip, I remember that all the 
 other colonies sent relief to the people of Bos- 
 ton, and helped their friends a great deal in their 
 distress." 
 
 " But this was not all that was done : it was 
 determined among the colonies to have another 
 Congress." 
 
 " And that other Congress, sir, was the great 
 Congress of 1774, which met in Philadelphia." 
 
 " True, my lad ; but do not move on so fast, 
 if you please. Just at this time the New-Hamp- 
 shire Assembly was sitting, and the members ad- 
 vised that citizens should be sent as delegates 
 from all the towns to meet at Exeter." 
 
 " Uncle Philip, was Governor Wentworth in 
 favour of this Congress ?" 
 
 " The governor was an officer under the king, 
 and was bound to do all in his power to prevent 
 the meeting of the Congress, as had been pro- 
 posed. When these matters were taken up in 
 
 his Assembly, he adjourned, and, after a few 
 ii. 13
 
 162 HISTORY OF 
 
 days, dissolved it, hoping in this way to put a 
 stop to their sending delegates to the Colonial 
 Congress. But the representatives met again, 
 without the consent of the governor. They then 
 made arrangements for having a meeting of del- 
 egates at Exeter, as I said. They also recom- 
 mended that a day be set apart and observed as 
 a day of fasting and prayer, on account of the 
 gloomy appearance of public affairs. 
 
 " At the meeting at Exeter eighty-five persons 
 appeared, and they chose two men to attend the 
 Congress as delegates." 
 
 " Who were these two men, sir ?" 
 
 " Nathaniel Folsom and John Sullivan. These 
 men attended the Congress which met at Phila- 
 delphia in 1774. You all remember the Decla- 
 ration of Rights which that Congress sent to 
 England?" 
 
 " Oh yes, Uncle Philip ; and you said we 
 ought all us of to see it and read it. And after- 
 
 O 
 
 ward I got my father to show it to me, and I 
 read it. Ah, sir, that was a noble declaration ; 
 but I did not understand it all." 
 
 " I suppose not ; but you will hereafter, when 
 you look at it again. 
 
 "The governor now saw that New-Hamp- 
 shire would join with the other colonies in a
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 163 
 
 union to resist the laws of Parliament. But he 
 did the people the justice to say that they ab- 
 stained from violence and outrage, and that the 
 laws had their course among them. In his let- 
 ters which he wrote to England at this time, he 
 seems to speak of the people with candour and 
 kindness. He wished to prevent trouble, if 
 he could. In one of his letters, he said, ' Our 
 country is in a state of trouble and disturbance. 
 If I can at last bring out of it all safety to my 
 country and honour to my sovereign, ray labours 
 will be joyful.' 
 
 " But it was impossible, in the state of things 
 which then existed, for the governor to please 
 the people of New-Hampshire and the King of 
 England too. He must lose the confidence and 
 affection of one or the other. We shall see pres- 
 ently how he came out of the difficulty. 
 
 " You know how joyfully the people of Amer- 
 ica received the Declaration of Rights which 
 was drawn up by Congress, and how it affected 
 the English king and Parliament. And perhaps 
 you remember, too, that those laws which re- 
 strained the trade of New-England and the 
 Southern colonies were made in England imme- 
 diately after this." 
 
 " Yes, sir ; and I remember that New-York,
 
 164 HISTORY OF 
 
 North Carolina, and Delaware were excepted in 
 those laws ; and you said that this was a plan of 
 the English for separating the colonies ; but 
 those states which were exeepted were too pa- 
 triotic to accept such kind of favour from Par- 
 liament." 
 
 " Very good j and you have not forgotten, 
 too, that laws were passed about keeping Eng- 
 lish soldiers in America ; and the king gave his 
 command that no ammunition or military stores 
 should be brought to America. This last act 
 gave great offence ; and I must tell you how it 
 was treated in New-Hampshire. 
 
 " Fort William and Mary stands at the en- 
 trance of Piscataqua Harbour, and there the 
 English had arms and ammunition ; but the fort 
 was guarded only by a very few soldiers. News 
 was brought by express to Portsmouth of the 
 law respecting arms and ammunition. A com- 
 pany of citizens immediately collected, and, be- 
 fore the governor knew anything of their inten- 
 tions, they had made their attack upon the fort. 
 The captain and his five men, which were all 
 the garrison at the fort, were immediately seized, 
 and a hundred barrels of powder were carried 
 off. On the next day another party went to the 
 fort, and removed fifteen cannon and all the
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 165 
 
 small arms they could find, with some other mili- 
 tary stores. These they distributed in the several 
 towns, to serve them in their defence. The two 
 men who distinguished themselves most in this 
 affair were Major John Sullivan and Captain 
 John Langclon. And, my lads, these men made 
 a fortunate escape. They had hardly finished 
 their work, when two British vessels arrived 
 with several companies of soldiers. They im- 
 mediately took possession of the fort, and pro- 
 ceeded to make it strong." 
 
 " And so, Uncle Philip, the king sent a mili- 
 tary force to Portsmouth as well as to Boston." 
 
 " Yes." 
 
 " What did Governor Wentworth think of 
 these things, sir ?" 
 
 " The governor put the five men who belonged 
 to the fort on board one of the ships of war, 
 that they might be ready to be called upon to 
 give witness if any of those persons should be 
 seized and tried for breaking into the fort and 
 carrying off the arms. He also thought it his 
 duty to dismiss from office all those persons who 
 he knew were concerned in the attack. He 
 then sent out a proclamation, requiring the peo- 
 ple to assist him in taking the men who had 
 committed this outrage, wherever they could be
 
 166 HISTORY OF 
 
 found. But I believe none of them were ever 
 taken or brought to trial." 
 
 " Uncle Philip, that was bold work done by 
 these men." 
 
 " Yes, Charles : and it was time for men to 
 be acting boldly, for this was no common quar- 
 rel. The English soon made it evident that 
 they were determined to subdue this bold spirit. 
 Among other things which showed this deter- 
 mination, the governor and some of his friends 
 thought it best to form an association for the 
 support of the king's government and for their 
 mutual defence. They boasted that a hundred 
 men could be procured from the ships at a mo- 
 ment's warning." 
 
 " What could a hundred men do against the 
 people, sir ?" 
 
 " Surely nothing ; and the governor only show- 
 ed the weakness of his party and his cause. 
 They had the whole country against them, and 
 the king's hundred soldiers would have beer 
 crushed at a blow if the people had said the 
 word. 
 
 " In the winter of this year, 1775, another 
 meeting of deputies was held at Exeter." 
 
 " What was that meeting for, sir ?" 
 
 " They met to consult on the state of aifairs 3
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 167 
 
 and to appoint delegates for the next General 
 Congress. This Convention sent out an address 
 to the people, telling them of their danger, and 
 exhorting them to be united and harmonious. 
 They told them that they ought to be industrious 
 and prudent, and to prepare themselves by mili- 
 tary exercise to defend their country if the foe 
 should come against them."
 
 168 HISTORY OP 
 
 CONVERSATION X. 
 
 Uncle Philip talks about the gloomy state of 4ffairs in the 
 Colony TRfc Battle of Lexington in Massachusetts, and the 
 assistance of the New-Hampshire People Declaration of 
 American Independence. 
 
 THE winter of this year (1775) passed away 
 in anxiety and gloomy uncertainty. The peo- 
 ple saw that the troubles between England and 
 the colonies were every day taking a more se- 
 rious and obstinate form. Some were alarmed 
 for their own safety and the preservation of their 
 property ; others thought more of the public in- 
 terests, and feared that Great Britain would send 
 a force to compel the colonies to submit. Eng- 
 land did not know how strong the colonies were ; 
 nor did the colonies themselves know their own 
 strength and resources. 
 
 " In the mean while, the newspapers were 
 busy discussing the state of affairs, and present- 
 ing the arguments on both sides. The people 
 had, more than once, fairly and candidly stated 
 their grievances to the Parliament and ministry 
 of Great Britain ; but these statements had done 
 no good, and there was no disposition on the 
 part of England to yield."
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 169 
 
 " Uncle Philip, some of the English people 
 were the friends of the colonies. There was Mr. 
 Pitt, and Lord Camden, and the Marquis of 
 Rockingham." 
 
 " Yes : and many of the merchants of Lon- 
 don and Bristol aided the petitions which were 
 sent over from this country. Indeed, the first 
 news that came out in the spring of this year 
 seemed favourable, and, for the time, revived the 
 hopes of the colonies. But it was not long be- 
 fore it was known in this country that Parliament 
 nad voted that Massachusetts was in a state of 
 rebellion, and that the other colonies were aiding 
 and encouraging. It was also resolved that the 
 British army should be increased ; and it now 
 seemed certain that the attempt would be made 
 to compel the colonies to submit to the injustice 
 of the British Parliament. It seemed inevitable 
 that war must come, and the people did what 
 they could to prepare themselves for it. 
 
 " The conduct of General Gage, the military 
 governor of Massachusetts, hastened on the con- 
 flict. You all remember the battle of Lexing- 
 ton !"* 
 
 " Certainly, Uncle Philip ; it took place in 
 April of 1775." 
 
 * Uncle Philip's History of Massachusetts 
 VOL. II. P
 
 170 HISTORY OP 
 
 " On the alarm of this hostility, the people of 
 New-Hampshire, as well as several other colo- 
 nies, took arms, and hastened to the assistance of 
 Massachusetts. 
 
 " And yet, after all this, I must tell you that 
 Governor Wentworth hoped to be able ' to plant 
 the root of peace in New-Hampshire.' He call- 
 ed a new Assembly, and entreated them to take 
 measures to secure their peace and safety." 
 
 " What did they say to this, sir ?" 
 
 " They told the governor that they would re- 
 flect upon what was best to be done, and confer 
 with the people, and then come together again. 
 
 " Before they assembled again, the men on 
 board of the British ships began to destroy the 
 fort William and Mary. They also stopped two 
 vessels laden with provisions which were coming 
 into the harbour, and refused to let them go. 
 Upon this a body of armed men went to a bat- 
 tery below the town on Great Island, and seized 
 eight cannon, which they brought up to Ports- 
 mouth. While they were engaged in this work, 
 the British took the two provision vessels and 
 sailed for Boston, for the supply of the fleet and 
 army there." 
 
 " Did the governor approve of this, sir ?" 
 
 " No, he- tried to prevent it j for he was en-
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 171 
 
 deavouring to make peace, and these- things 
 were increasing the quarrel. 
 
 " Another Convention was now sitting at Ex- 
 eter, in which the province was very fully rep- 
 resented. They declared that the citizens who 
 had plundered the fort had acted bravely. They 
 also directed how the members of the Assembly 
 should vote when the governor should call them 
 together again. 
 
 " The Assembly met, and the governor again 
 recommended that they should try to make peace 
 and remain quiet. But the first thing the House 
 did was to expel three new members whom the 
 governor had called in from some new towns." 
 
 " Why did they do that, sir ?" 
 
 " They said those memberjs had no right there. 
 There were other older towns which were not 
 represented, and they would not allow the gov- 
 ernor to pick his men and bring them in to vote 
 against them. 
 
 " This offended the governor very much, and 
 he adjourned the House. One of the members 
 who had been expelled talked very violently 
 about the Assembly, and, being threatened by the 
 people, he took shelter in Mr. Wentworth's 
 house. But the citizens were n^t satisfied with 
 this, ?nd they moved a cannon before the gov-
 
 172 HISTORY OF 
 
 ernor's house, pointed it directly to the door, and 
 demanded the man who had insulted them. The 
 governor was forced to give him up, and he was 
 carried to Exeter. Mr. Wentworth thought him- 
 self badly used, so he retired and took shelter in 
 the fort. 
 
 " When the Assembly met again, the govern- 
 or sent a message from the fort and adjourned 
 them, but they never met again. He therefore 
 remained at the fort until the vessels of war were 
 ready to sail, and then went to Boston. After 
 this, however, he came to the Isles of Shoals, 
 and sent his proclamation to the Assembly ; and 
 this was the last act of his government, and the 
 last time he was ever in New-Hampshire." 
 
 " Well, Uncle Philip, I think Mr. Wentworth 
 was not a bad man." 
 
 " So I think too. Compared with most of the 
 other governors in the provinces at this critical 
 time, he was, perhaps, as prudent and temperate 
 as any of them." 
 
 " He tried to be faithful, and to settle the dif- 
 ficulties, sir." 
 
 " While he could act agreeably to his own 
 principles, his adminstration was useful and pop- 
 ular. He meant to do well and to live peacea- 
 bly with the people, and, instead -of increasing
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 173 
 
 the troubles between the mother country and her 
 provinces, he sought to remove them ; and, whej 
 his efforts failed in this, he retired from a situa 
 tion where he could no longer be useful, leaving 
 behind him his property and many of his friends 
 
 " Let us now return to the war. On the firs/ 
 alarm, nearly twelve hundred men marched from 
 the nearest parts of New-Hampshire to the aid 
 of Massachusetts, whose soldiers were assembled 
 around Boston.* Some of these men returned 
 to their homes, and the remainder were formed 
 into two regiments. 
 
 " As soon as the provincial Congress of New- 
 Hampshire met, they resolved to raise another 
 regiment also. The command of one of the 
 regiments was given to John Stark, of whose 
 captivity among the Indians I told you the other 
 day. And here let- me say that Stark was pres- 
 ent at the memorable battle of Bunker's Hill, 
 and, with his brave New-Hampshire boys post- 
 ed behind a fence, he sorely annoyed the Brit- 
 ish as they advanced to the attack, and cut them 
 down by ^hole ranks at once." 
 
 " Did the other regiment join the army at 
 Boston, Uncle Philip ?" 
 
 "Yes; immediately after this battle, the third 
 
 * Uncle Philip's History of Massachusetts, vol. ii., p. 138.
 
 174 HISTORY OF 
 
 regiment collected and marched to the camp, 
 and, with the other New-Hampshire troops, were 
 posted on Winter Hill. ~^> 
 
 " The British soldiers had generally believed, 
 my children, that the Americans would not dare 
 to fight with them." 
 
 " Well, sir, I should have thought that the 
 battle of Bunker's Hill would have taught them 
 that the Americans had courage enough, and 
 strength enough too, if you give them an equal 
 chance." 
 
 "Yes 5 the losses which they met with in that 
 battle made them feel that fighting the Ameri- 
 cans was a serious thing ; and I think, children, 
 that through all the war they remembered that 
 day. 
 
 " But let us go back a little. WTiile the ves- 
 sels of war remained in the harbour of Piscat- 
 aqua, quarrels frequently took place between the 
 British officers and the citizens of Portsmouth. 
 The officers seized the vessels bound for Ports- 
 mouth, and would not even allow the ooats be- 
 longing to the river to go out and fish. After 
 the English ships had gone, parties of the citi- 
 zens, under the direction of a man named Eze- 
 kiel Worthen, went down the river, about a mile 
 below the town, and built there, on the points ot
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 175 
 
 the islands, two forts ; and they named the forts 
 after two brave American soldiers, Washington 
 and Sullivan. The cannon which had heen 
 saved from the old fort they placed here, and 
 thus made the town secure, as they thought, 
 against the British ships of war. And it was 
 fortunate that this was done just at the time it 
 was j for, not long after this, some English ships 
 attacked and partly destroyed the town of Fal- 
 mouth j and it was said that Portsmouth was to 
 be treated in the same way. For fear of this, 
 General Washington sent General Sullivan from 
 Cambridge, and these works were made stronger, 
 and then they sunk an old ship in the narrow 
 channel of the river to prevent the English ves- 
 sels from coming up. And I have no doubt, 
 boys, that these preparations saved the town, 
 and caused the English to abandon their plan." 
 
 " Well, sir, the New-Hampshire troops were 
 not idle." 
 
 " Besides the three regiments' which were fur- 
 nished for the aid of Massachusetts, companies 
 were raised to guard the forts, and some troops 
 were stationed upon the Connecticut River. And 
 then other men, all over the state, were selected 
 and drilled for fighting as minute-men, who 
 were to be ready to march in the time of danger 
 at a minute's warning;."
 
 176 HISTORY OF 
 
 " These were busy times in America." 
 "Yes, indeed. And at this time, you must 
 recollect, the people were without any regular 
 form of government. They had no Assembly, 
 no governor, and no courts of law. They did 
 not acknowledge the king's authority, and, of 
 course, all the courts were broken up. And I 
 wish you to remember, children, that, had it not 
 been for the sober and religious habits of the 
 large body of the people, the whole country 
 would have been in a state of anarchy and con- 
 fusion. Many of the leading men of that day 
 were men of religious principle, who felt the so- 
 lemnities of their responsibilities, and who looked 
 up for divine aid from the hand of that Provi- 
 dence who guides and controls the affairs of na- 
 tions as well as of individuals. 
 
 " The General Congress which met in May, 
 1775, had advised the people in New-Hamp- 
 shire to cause men to be chosen throughout the 
 colony, who should meet and make laws for the 
 government of the colony until the dispute be- 
 tween England and America was ended. They 
 took this advice of the Congress, and men were 
 chosen from all parts of the state. They selected 
 from their number twelve, whom they called the 
 Council^ and the Committee of Safety, which
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 177 
 
 had been appointed before to manage affairs, 
 was still continued. The president of the coun- 
 cil was an old and tried friend of the province, 
 whom the people all esteemed and loved. He 
 was Mesheck Weare. And now, Charles, if 
 you will get up on the chair and reach me that 
 old book from the shelf, marked Laws for the 
 American Colonies upon the back, I will show 
 you whaL Mesheck Weare and those other men 
 did." 
 
 " Here is the book, sir." 
 
 " Thank you ; and here is what these men 
 said. ' We find ourselves reduced to the necessi- 
 ty of establishing a form of government, to con- 
 tinue during the present unhappy and unnatural 
 contest with Great Britain, declaring that we 
 never sought to throw off our dependence on 
 Great Britain, but felt ourselves happy under her 
 protection whilst we could enjoy our rights and 
 privileges ; and we shall rejoice if such a recon- 
 ciliation between us and our parent state can be 
 made as shall be approved by the Continental Con- 
 gress, in whose prudence and wisdom we trust. 9 ' 
 
 " Well, Uncle Philip, that shows the truth of 
 what has been said, that the colonies did not de- 
 sire to break off from England, but were really 
 compelled to do so or submit to be slaves." 
 ii. 14
 
 178 HISTORY OF 
 
 " Yes, my children ; the conduct of the British 
 king and Parliament was such now that it was 
 impossible to hope for reconciliation. Blood had 
 been spilled, towns destroyed, citizens murdered, 
 commerce ruined, and, indeed, every honourable 
 and just feeling outraged. Peace could not be 
 obtained without disgrace, and, thank God, on 
 such terms the American people would not ac- 
 cept of peace. 
 
 " The Congress of 1776 was now in session. 
 In June of that same year, a committee was ap- 
 pointed in the New-Hampshire Assembly to 
 draw up a Declaration of INDEPENDENCE for the 
 United Colonies, to be sent to the delegates of 
 that state then in Congress. So you see that 
 the minds of the people in this state were al- 
 ready turned towards Congress, waiting for def- 
 inite and decided action." 
 
 " The New-Hampshire people were ready for 
 the declaration, sir." 
 
 " Yes ; and, when it was made, they received 
 it with great joy. Within fourteen days from 
 the time it was first published from the steps of 
 Independence Hall in Philadelphia, it was read 
 by beat of drum in all the principal towns in 
 New-Hampshire. 
 
 "The only question now was, whether we
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 179 
 
 should be conquered provinces, or free and inde- 
 pendent states. Men could easily decide which 
 they would prefer ; and you know, children, how 
 triumphantly the battle-cry rung throughout the 
 length and breadth of the land, Liberty or Death. 
 
 " It is amusing to hear some of the old soldiers 
 of the Revolution tell how warm the spirit of 
 independence was at that time. One effect of 
 the declaration was exhibited in an open hatred 
 of everything which bore the name and marks 
 of royalty. Signboards on which were painted 
 the king's arms, or the crown and sceptre, or the 
 portraits of any of the members of the royal 
 family, were either pulled down or defaced. 
 Pictures of the same kind in private houses were 
 concealed, or turned bottom side up. The names 
 of streets in the large towns, which had been 
 called after the king or queen, were changed ; 
 and the halfpence, which bore the name of 
 George the Third, were either refused in pay- 
 ment, or degraded into farthings. 
 
 " These were small matters, boys, but they 
 showed the force of the people's attachment to 
 liberty. 
 
 " And now, Charles, you may see, if you 
 please, the names of those delegates in Con-
 
 180 HISTORY OF 
 
 gress from New-Hampshire who signed the Dec- 
 laration of Independence." 
 
 " Well, sir, there were Josiah Bartlett, and 
 Matthew Thornton, and Mr. Whipple." 
 
 " Yes, Charles, Mr. William Whipple. These 
 three men were the representatives of New- 
 Hampshire in the Continental Congress of 1776, 
 and they subscribed, with their brethren from the 
 other provinces, the declaration which asserted 
 our freedom. 
 
 " To-morrow I shall have a little more to say 
 respecting these men, and then we have done 
 with the history of New-Hampshire. Good-by." 
 
 " Good-by, Uncle Philip."
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 181 
 
 CONVERSATION XI. 
 
 Uncle Philip tells the Children about Mr. Bartlett, Mr. Thorn- 
 ton, and Mr. Whipple, the Signers of the Declaration of Inde- 
 pendence. 
 
 " UNCLE PHILIP, are there any as great men 
 in our country now as there were in the times of 
 which we are talking ?" 
 
 " Well, my lad, that is rather a singular ques- 
 tion. Why do you ask it "?" 
 
 " Because, sir, Thomas said, as we were going 
 home yesterday, that Washington was the great- 
 est man that ever lived. And then he said there 
 was Samuel Adams, and Dr. Warren, and Gen- 
 eral Stark, and General Putnam, and Patrick 
 Henry, and a great many other men about whom 
 you have told us, who were greater men than 
 any who live in our day." 
 
 " And what did you say to that, Charles ?" 
 
 " Why, sir, I told him that I thought General 
 Washington was one of the greatest and best 
 men of whom I ever heard, and that these 
 other men were all great j but, if our country 
 was in the same danger now, we should have 
 
 VOL. II.-
 
 182 HISTORY OF 
 
 great men who would stand up as boldly, and as 
 strongly too, as these men did for liberty." 
 
 "Very well: it is true that great occasions 
 make great men. I believe that some of our 
 Revolutionary heroes were as noble men as ever 
 lived. They were entirely willing to peril life, 
 and property, and honour, and everything which 
 a good man holds sacred and dear, in the cause 
 of their country. They sought no concealment 
 of their principles; they asked no disguise for 
 their sentiments; openly and before the world, 
 in the face of a formidable army collected on 
 our coasts and ready to invade us, they shook 
 off the thraldom of a corrupt government, and 
 declared for freedom. When Charles Carroll 
 signed the declaration, one who was standing by 
 him said to him that he would be likely to es- 
 cape if the British caught the rest of them and 
 hung them up, because the family of Carrolls in 
 Maryland was large, and there were a number 
 of the same name ; he immediately took up the 
 pen again, and added to his name of Carrollton, 
 saying that now the king would know who was 
 the person to be hung, if he could get a chance 
 to fasten the rope." 
 
 " And that, Uncle Philip, is the reason that
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 183 
 
 he signed his name and place of residence in 
 full. Well, sir, he was a bold and noble man." 
 
 " And you must recollect, children, that at that 
 time the danger of signing that paper was by no 
 means slight. We were a young nation, scatter- 
 ed and poor, without arms and ammunition, and 
 unaccustomed to such warfare as was likely to 
 follow the doings of that day. The nation 
 against whom we took up arms was powerful, 
 and had vast means at command. They had 
 fleets upon the seas, and soldiers trained to war, 
 and money to buy the services of thousands more. 
 The talk of danger was no idle and light thing, 
 I assure you." 
 
 " Uncle Philip, it would almost seem that 
 these men were rash and hasty in what they 
 did." 
 
 "True, it would; but they had counted the 
 cost. They were resolved to incur the danger, 
 and pay the sacrifice of life if there were need. 
 
 " But I was to tell you something about the 
 men who signed the Declaration of Independ- 
 ence from New-Hampshire. Charles, who was 
 the first you named T' 
 
 " Josiah Bartlett, sir." 
 
 " Mr. Bartlett was born in Massachusetts, in 
 the town of Ame.sbury. Like most New-Eng-
 
 184 HISTORY OF 
 
 land boys, his education was carefully provided 
 for. He was instructed by Dr. Webster of his 
 native town, a clergyman of distinguished talents 
 in his day, and a good scholar. Mr. Bartlett 
 studied his profession in the same place, and, 
 when ready to commence practice, removed to 
 Kingston, in New-Hampshire." 
 
 " Was he a lawyer, Uncle Philip V' ' 
 
 "No, he was a physician. After his remo- 
 val to Kingston, he soon became known as a 
 young man of sound mind and good principles. 
 In his profession he gained some distinction, and 
 gave promise of considerable eminence. But 
 Dr. Bartlett did not long confine himself to 
 the field of labour into which he had entered. 
 The state of party politics at that time was 
 such as soon to draw within their influence men 
 like him. He soon became engaged as a politi- 
 cian, and was chosen a member of the New 
 Hampshire Legislature. 
 
 " John Wentworth was the governor of the 
 state at that time, and the spirit of opposition to 
 the measures of the government had begun to 
 show itself." 
 
 "Was he a friend of Governor Wentworth, 
 sir 1 ?" 
 
 ** No ; he opposed the measures of the gov-
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 185 
 
 ernor, and had strength of principle sufficient to 
 enable him to resist all offers of royal favour. 
 The governor was desirous of attaching him to 
 the interests of the king and Parliament, and, 
 for this purpose, appointed him to the office of 
 justice of the peace ; but he still remained firm 
 to the liberty of the colonies, and opposed the 
 governor in all his measures which were likely to 
 prevent or endanger that liberty." 
 
 " Uncle Philip, was Mr. Bartlett a member of 
 the Congress of 1774 !" 
 
 " He was chosen as a delegate from New- 
 Hampshire, but circumstances detained him at 
 home. In 1775 and 1776 he was there, and 
 took an active part in all the doings of that 
 body. When the vote on the question of a dec- 
 laration of independence was taken, the mem- 
 bers were called upon in order, beginning with 
 the delegates from the most northern colony. 
 Dr. Bartlett was therefore first called upon for 
 his opinion, and gave the first vote in favour of 
 the resolution. 
 
 " Dr. Bartlett continued to be a member of 
 the Continental Congress till 1779, when he was 
 appointed chief-justice of the Court of Common 
 Pleas in New-Hampshire, and a few years after- 
 ward was honoured with the office of chief-jus- 
 Q2
 
 186 HISTORY OF 
 
 tice of the Supreme Court. After the war of 
 the Revolution closed, he was chosen governor 
 of New-Hampshire. This office he filled with 
 his usual fidelity until his failing health obliged 
 him to resign ; and in 1794 he sought, for the 
 remainder of his days, the repose of private life. 
 But this rest, after the toils and struggles which 
 he had long endured for the good of his coun- 
 try, was destined to be short. In May of the 
 next year he closed his earthly career, in the 
 sixty-sixth year of his age, and ripe in the con- 
 fidence and respect of good men. 
 
 " We next come to Mr. William Whipple. 
 He was born in Kittery, a town now embraced 
 in the State of Maine." 
 
 " Yes, yes, Uncle Philip, we talked about the 
 settlement of that town." 
 
 " Mr. Whipple received a respectable educa- 
 tion in his native place, and, on leaving school, 
 he entered on board a merchant vessel, and for 
 several years devoted himself to commercial busi- 
 ness on the sea. He traded chiefly to the West 
 Indies, and acquired a respectable fortune. 
 
 " In 1759 he left the sea and settled at Ports- 
 mouth. When the difficulties between England 
 and the colonies broke out, he engaged in them 
 with spirit, and became an ardent friend of inde-
 
 NEW-HAMPSHIRE. 187 
 
 pendence. He was greatly respected by his 
 townsmen for his honesty of character as well as 
 for his talents. He was first appointed a dele- 
 gate to the Continental Congress in 1776. 
 
 " Here he made himself very useful by his ac- 
 tivity and thorough business habits. In the 
 course of the war he was made a brigadier-gen- 
 eral, at the same time that the celebrated John 
 Stark received his commission to the same office. 
 
 "After the war, Mr. Whipple was- more or 
 less employed in public life, and was always a 
 faithful and useful servant of the people. Du- 
 ring the two or three years before his death he 
 held the office of judge in the Superior Court, 
 and died in 1785, in the fifty-fifth year of his age. 
 
 " It is said of him ' that few men have exhib- 
 ited a more honest and persevering ambition to 
 act a worthy part in community, and few, with 
 his advantages, have been more successful in ob- 
 taining the object of their ambition.' 
 
 " The other signer of the Declaration from 
 New-Hampshire was Matthew Thornton. He 
 was born in Ireland. "When he was two or three 
 years of age, his father brought him to America. 
 Young Thornton studied medicine, and commen- 
 ced the practice of his profession in London- 
 derry."
 
 188 HISTORY OF 
 
 " Uncle Philip, that was the place where the 
 people who came over from the north of Ireland 
 had settled." 
 
 " Yes ; and that might have been one reason 
 why Dr. Thornton chose that place to commence 
 practice. You recollect, children, the expedi- 
 tion against Cape Breton, and the capture of 
 Louisburg "?" 
 
 Yes, Uncle Philip." 
 
 " In that expedition five hundred men from 
 New-Hampshire were employed, as I told you 
 before. Dr. Thornton was chosen to go with 
 these men as surgeon, and thus took an early 
 part in the defence of his country. He after- 
 ward held a commission as colonel in the mili- 
 tia under the royal "government. But when the 
 colonies resolved no longer to submit to the in- 
 justice and oppression of the English king and 
 Parliament, Thornton, with the true patriotic 
 spirit, stood up for the glorious cause of liberty. 
 " Dr. Thornton was a true friend of the colo- 
 nies, and, like his fellow-patriots, was ready to 
 sacrifice all personal interests to the good of his 
 country. He was elected to the Continental 
 Congress in the fall of the year 1776." 
 
 " But, Uncle Philip, that was after the Decla- 
 ration of Independence was made."
 
 NEW-HAMP.SHlttE. 189 
 
 " Very trae ; but, after he became a membet 
 of the Congress, he placed his name to the dec- 
 laration which had been previously signed by the 
 others. 
 
 " After this he was appointed a judge also of 
 the New-Hampshire courts, and died at the ad- 
 vanced age of eighty-nine. He was an honoured 
 and faithful man in his day ; virtuous and up- 
 right in his conduct, and lamented in his death. 
 
 " Such, my dear children, is a brief sketch 
 of the lives of the three men selected by New- 
 Hampshire to represent her in the Congress of 
 1776, and whose names are affixed to the bold 
 and ever memorable Declaration of Independ- 
 ence." 
 
 THE END.