UNIVERSITYgrCALIFDRNIA 
 COLLEGE of MINING 
 
 DEPARTMENTAL 
 LIBRARY 
 
 BEQUEST OF 
 
 SAMUELBENEDICTCHRISTY 
 
 PROFESSOR OF 
 
 MINING AND METALLURGY 
 1885-1914 
 
, o u-\ \ 
 
 A CONTESTED ELECTION 
 
 IN 
 
 CALIFORNIA. 
 
 i7s, HON. C. N. FELTON. 
 
 Testimony of the Qualified Electors and Legal Voters 
 
 OK 
 
 NEW ALMADEN. 
 
 KEPRINTED FBOM THE SAN JOSE DAILY MERCURY, SANTA CLARA Co., CALIFORNIA. 
 
 1887. 
 
(T 
 
INTRODUCTORY- 
 
 At the general election held in California, November 2nd, 1886, 
 Hon. Charles N. Felton and Frank J. Sullivan were rival candidates 
 for election as members of Congress in the Fifth Congressional 
 District. The official returns gave to Hon. Charles N. Felton a 
 plurality of 118 votes, and the certificate of election duly issued 
 to him. 
 
 Sullivan afterwards inaugurated a contest for the seat. In this 
 contest the vote of New Almaden precinct became a very conspicuous 
 part. The majority against Sullivan in that precinct was 164, so that 
 if Sullivan could have that precinct thrown out, or the votes cast for 
 Mr. Felton counted for Mr. Sullivan, he might reasonably expect to 
 unseat Mr. Felton and fill the place himself. 
 
 The New Almaden precinct is the seat of the great New Almaden 
 Quicksilver Mine, which for many years J*as been the principal 
 quicksilver producer of the American Continent, and employs about 
 500 men in all capacities, of whom 156 were voters, and voted at 
 the election in 1886. The total vote of the precinct was 256. 
 
 The grounds of the attack upon the vote of New Almaden precinct 
 by Sullivan were, that the voters of the precinct were coerced, in- 
 timidated, and held in a state of peonage or slavery and compelled 
 to vote for Mr. Felton against their will. 
 
 In support of this he attacked the method of conducting the mine, 
 the system of trade at the mine, and the general condition of the 
 miners ; claiming that those who did not vote as pleasod the manage- 
 ment of the mine would be discharged. 
 
 On behalf of Sullivan the testimony relating to Almaden was al- 
 most entirely hearsay so far as it could be in any sense pertinent to 
 the issue; being generally a statement by witnesses that they " had 
 heard," or "it was generally understood" that so and so had hap- 
 pened at Almaden. 
 
 On behalf of Mr. Felton a large amount of evidence was taken, very 
 much of it at New Almaden. Of the 256 persons who had voted in 
 that precinct in 1886, 243 were personally examined, the other 13 
 being dead or having removed to a distance, or for other reasons 
 their attendance as witnesses being impracticable. Of the number 
 examined there was not one but what testified in the clearest terms, 
 that for more, than fifteen years past the subject of voting, or candi- 
 dates, or elections had never been mentioned to any employee of the 
 Company by any one in any way connected with the management of 
 the mine; that the Superintendent of the mine was the only person 
 in the precinct who voted the American ticket in 1886. 
 
 That the voting employees of the mine consist very largely of 
 natives of Mexico and Cornwall, England, who here, as elsewhere 
 in California,, vote the Republican ticket almost exclusively. It was 
 also shown that there were in the employ of the Company, and always 
 
had been, several Democrats who were always outspoken in favor of 
 that party and its candidates, and who had never had their relations 
 with the Company affected by that fact. > 
 
 That the vote for Sullivan had been about the average vote given 
 to his party. But that some candidates of the Democratic party on 
 account of acquaintance or personal popularity had received a larger 
 vote. 
 
 As to the system of trade at the mine, it was proven that at the 
 mine were two extensive and well stocked general merchandise 
 stores, the proprietors of which are in no way connected with the 
 mine, or its management, or officers. That the employees of The 
 Quicksilver Mining Co. have facilities for purchasing goods at these 
 stores upon a system of credits or orders, known as boletos, issued 
 by the stores, and based upon wages earned, but not yet due to the 
 employees. 
 
 The social and financial condition of the employees of the com- 
 pany, was shown in considerable detail. It appearing that they are 
 better fed, better paid, better clothed and better housed, than any 
 other laboring class in the State. A large collection of photographic 
 views was introduced in evidence for the purpose of showing the 
 homes, surroundings and conveniences supplied for the laboring 
 people. It was also shown that a majority of the miners had money 
 on deposit in savings banks, and owned stocks in dividend paying 
 corporations. That the management, and especially J. B. Eandol, 
 the Manager of the properties of The Quicksilver Mining Company, 
 had devoted much time and attention to the elevation of the people 
 living at the mine . They were supplied with handsome churches, 
 schools, clubs, lodges, and societies all well sustained and flourish- 
 ing. That a very large number of daily and other periodicals repre- 
 senting all political views were taken regularly by the employees at 
 the mine. 
 
 That nearly all the work at the mine is let and carried on by the 
 contract system. The work being let in small monthly contracts 
 (employing from two to twelve men each) to the lowest bidders, in a 
 competition open to all, no favors being dependent upon politics or 
 any thing else. 
 
 That not a man in the employee of the company, who had voted 
 previous to coming here, had changed his party fealty after coming 
 to Almaden. 
 
 In fact the investigation showed that there was no possible ground 
 for the assault upon this precinct, or this mine or its management, 
 unless it be found in the undisputed statement of one of Sullivan's 
 witnesses, who testified that about the time of the initiation of the 
 co u test Sullivan told him in his private room at the La Molle House 
 in San Jose, that "he intended by this contest to cast a shadow upon 
 the entire Congressional District," and then rely upon a Democratic 
 majority in the House of [Representatives, to give to him Mr. Felton's 
 seat. 
 
 The following pages contain a condensed statement of the evidence 
 taken at New Almaden. The collection of photographic views of 
 the mining camp are the work of Dr. S. E. Winn and K. H. Bui- 
 more, amateurs, both residents of New Almaden. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Superintendent Jennings Enters a Vigorous Protest "A Lurking Mixture of Gush 
 and Hoodlumism" A Resume" of the Managementof the New Almaden Mine. 
 
 Superintendent Jennings Resumed His Testimony at New Almaden in the Sulli- 
 van-Felton Contest Contract Work Let Publicly to the Lowest Bidder What 
 the Sullivan-Feiton Contest is Bringing Forth The Company building 
 Schools, Churches, etc 14 
 
 Its Management The New Almaden Mine and Its Employees A Searching In- 
 quiry by the Contestee's Attorney Political Complexion and Personal Char- 
 acter of the Mine Workers 19 
 
 No Coercion or Intimidation of Voters No Man Discharged for Political Reasons 
 
 Conclusion of Superintendent Jennings' Testimony 27 
 
 Evidence of Dr. Thome, President of the State Medical Society Well Clad, Housed 
 and Fed Skillful Medical Attendance for the Miner and His Family at One 
 Dollar per Month ~rr 36 
 
 Dr. S. E. Winn's Experience He Always Voted the Democratic Ticket Openly 
 No Coercion or Undue Influence Testimony of Mr. O'Brion, Who Has Voted 
 the Democratic Ticket for 22 years f 42 
 
 No Coercion New Almaden Employees Who Vote as They Please An Old Demo- 
 crat Who Had Never Been Interfered With Complete Refutation of the Charge 
 of Intimidation A Well Provided For Community The Voters Exercise 
 Their Prerogative Without Let or Hindrance 50 
 
 A New Almaden Schoolmaster Gives His Testimony A Model Community Con- 
 dition of the Pupils, and of Society Legal Formation of the Election Board 
 The ' ' Helping Hand " Club and Its Work 57 
 
 New Almaden Voters Employees Testify How and Why They Cast Their Votes 
 Democrats and Republicans Say They Have Not Been Interfered With 
 Very Important Evidence as to How Employees are Treated, Politically and 
 Otherwise 65 
 
IV 
 
 Page. 
 Bohlmaun Tells a Straight, Intelligent Story of His Connection With the Mine 
 
 Bohlmann's Contracts With His Employees Bulmore Testifies, and Produces 
 
 the Books of the Miners' Fund in Evidence . . 80 
 
 The Lessees of the New Almaden Stores and their Clerks Testify The Boleto 
 System More Fully Explained Direct Statements vs. Hearsay 
 
 Straightforward Testimony by Mine Employees Dennis Kearney's Effort to have 
 
 Almaden Precinct Thrown Out and What the Miners Thought of it 101 
 
 o; 
 
 What the Miners Say They Vote As They Please Suffrage is Free A Clear Fair 
 Vote, but Strongly Republican No Coercion or Intimidation Practiced at the 
 Mine.. 107 
 
 Testimony of Farmers Who Voted at New Almaden Suffrage is Unrestricted No 
 
 Interference by the Company The Best Place in the United States for Miners. Ill 
 
 The Interesting Testimony Given by Captain Harry Independent Voting A 
 Majority of the Miners bank their Accounts Mr. Kandol Helps the Local 
 Institutions The Average Wages Paid the Miners Ten Hours Work a Day, 
 and No Chinese Employed 127 
 
 Professor Christy on Mr. Eandol's Management A Great Industry Saved to the 
 
 Pacific Coast by a Wise and Prudent Administration 136 
 
 Rules and Regulations Extracts From Civil Code of California Miners' Fund 
 
 Number of Voters and Their Nationalities Production of Quicksilver, etc ... 147 
 
AT NEW ALMADEN. 
 
 The Sullivan-Felton Contest in Santa Clara Co. 
 
 Superintendent Jennings Enters a Vigorous Protest "A Lurking Mixture of Gush and 
 Hoodlumism." A Resume of the Management of the New Almaden Mine. At New 
 Almaden, Santa Clara County, April 19th, 1887, the taking of testimony 111 the 
 congressional contest of Sullivan against Felton began. Messrs. C. W. Cross and 
 Moore represented Mr. Felton, and N. Bowdeii appeared for Mr. Sullivan. 
 
 TESTIMONY OF HBNNBN JENNINGS. 
 
 Hennen Jennings, Superintendent of the Mining Company, the 
 first witness called in behalf of the contestee, testified as follows: 
 
 By Mr. CROSS : 
 
 Q. Please state your name ? 
 
 A. My name is Hennen Jennings, but before giving my testimony 
 I desire to enter a protest. 
 
 Mr. BOWDEN Contestant objects to the witness entering any 
 protest. 
 
 Witness resumes: On behalf of The Quicksilver Mining Company, 
 of which I am Superintendent, and also on behalf of the voters of 
 the New Almaden Precinct, whose exercise of the right of franchise 
 has been attacked and villified in this contest, I protest against the 
 method pursued by the contestant and his assistants in this investi- 
 gation on the ground: First That much of the matter given in evi- 
 dence, is entirely irrelevant and immaterial to the issue involved. 
 Second That villainous and unnecessary attacks have been made 
 upon the management of the mine, the voters of the precinct, and 
 upon the motives and character of the manager. Third That nearly 
 all the testimony is mere hearsay and a repetition of idle and malig- 
 nant gossip. Fourth That most of the direct testimony has been 
 obtained from former employees of the mine discharged for incapacity 
 or inattention to their duties, and from disappointed candidates for 
 office who desire to 'obtain, and made every effort to obtain the vote 
 of the employees of the company. Whilst recognizing the fact that 
 most o'f the testimony regarding us is irrelevant in the contest and 
 is adduced principally from thoroughly unreliable sources, actuated 
 by occult malevolence on the part of the contestant, he having no 
 considerable personal acquaintance or even business relations with 
 the parties attacked, and by some of his witnesses for the mere grat- 
 ification of personal spleen. Still, from the fact that by the course 
 pursued, much publicity/has been given through some of the press 
 to these statements, I deem it proper to lay before the public a plain 
 
6 
 
 statement of facts regarding the conduct of the affairs of the mine 
 and the condition of the people here. I also protest against the 
 course of such of the press as by means of virulent headlines and 
 distorted statements of the evidence, and unjust editorial comments, 
 have done their best from political motives or personal spite to pro- 
 duce false and unjust impressions upon the public mind with regard 
 to the conduct of the mine and the character and condition of its 
 employees. I submit this protest in writing, in order that it may 
 become a part of the record of the contest, and so that there may be 
 no mistake as to what the protest is. HENNEN JENNINGS. 
 
 April 19th, 1887. 
 
 Mr. BOWDEN Contestant moves to strike out the so-called protest. 
 
 By Mr. CROSS: 
 
 Q. Mr. Jennings, state your connection with this mine, from 
 your first connection with it up to the present time. It is the New 
 Almaden Quicksilver Mine, is it not ? 
 
 A. It is called The Quicksilver Mining Company, that is the title of 
 the property, but it is known as the New Almaden Mine. The Quick- 
 silver Mining Company is the correct title. The first connection I 
 had with this mine was in November, 1877. I was then introduced 
 to Mr. Bandol by Hamilton Smith, and received the position of As- 
 sistant Surveyor, under Boss F. Browne. Boss F. Browne was then 
 Surveyor of the mine. I remained as Assistant Surveyor until De- 
 cember, 1878, when Mr. Browne severed his connection with the mine, 
 and took the position of Instructor at the University of California; 
 after which I was made Surveyor of the mine, and remained in that 
 capacity until August, 1880, when I left to take the position of As- 
 sistant Superintendent of the North Bloomfield Gold Gravel Mining 
 Company in Nevada County. After holding that position for over a 
 year, I took charge, as Superintendent, of the Buby Gold Gravel 
 Mine in Sierra County, in August, 1881; I remained there until 
 September, 1883, when I received the appointment of Superintendent 
 of The Quicksilver Mining Company, in which capacity I have acted 
 ever since. 
 
 Q. What is your nativity, and when were you born ? 
 
 A. I was born in Kentucky in 1854. 
 
 Q. What business was your father in at that time ? 
 
 A. My father was the owner of some coal mines there. 
 
 Q. State what your education for the business of mining was ? 
 
 A, I spent four years at school in England before entering Har- 
 vard College, and graduated at the Lawrence Scientific School, a 
 branch of that University, with the degree of Civil Engineer, in 
 1877. I am a member of the Institute of Mining Engineers, a vol- 
 uinn of whose proceedings I will put in testimony as an exhibit; and 
 I will also state that I am a charter member of the Technical Society 
 of the Pacific Coast. 
 
 Q. State your acquaintance with the contestant, Mr. Frank J. 
 Sullivan. 
 
 A. The only time I ever met the contestant previous to the present 
 was just before the last Presidential election. It was the Cleveland 
 election. He was then making a canvass of this precinct as a candi- 
 
date for Congress. I believe I have already stated that I do not 
 remember the month or date, but the day of the week was Sunday ; 
 he came out with a letter of introduction from Dr. Thome to Mr. 
 Eandol, and in the course of conversation with Mr. Eandol he asked 
 him for his support in the ensuing election. Mr. Eandol in reply 
 told him he had no personal objection to Mr. Sullivan, but his polit- 
 ical views were those of a Republican, and consequently he could 
 not support him; but he turned towards me and said : "Mr, Jen- 
 nings is a Democrat, you probably may influence him." After 
 conversing some time at Mr. Eandol's house, I took Mr. Sullivan 
 through our furnaces and lower grounds. I was in the main voting 
 the Democratic ticket, but after being thrown in contact with Mr. 
 Sullivan for the length of time that I was, I concluded that I did not 
 wish to vote for him; my reasons for so doing were that he impressed 
 me unfavorably, for in my conversation with him he exhibited a 
 lurking mixture of gush and hoodlumism, which his subsequent ex- 
 ploits have not removed. After Mr. Sullivan's departure I told Mr. 
 Eandol that Sullivan was one vote worse off than when he came out 
 here. I would like to say that this is, so far as 1 know, the only 
 meeting between Mr. Sullivan, Mr. Eandol and myself. 
 
 Q. Have you had any further acquaintance with Mr. Sullivan ? 
 
 A. None at all. in any form. 
 
 Q. State what acquaintance, if any, you have had with Mr. 
 Felton. 
 
 A. I have no recollection of any acquaintance with Mr. Felton 
 at all, though it may be probable that I have met him at the house 
 of Dr. Thome; that is some years ago. 
 
 Q. Mr. Jennings, I would like to have you give some history of 
 the mine management during Mr. Eandol's incumbency as Superin- 
 tendent and Manager, so far as you are acquainted with it. First, 
 you may state if you will the condition of the property when Mr. 
 Eandol took charge. 
 
 A. The condition of the property. I will try to confine myself 
 to such as is seen from the records of the company, and I would like 
 to state here that in all my testimony I will try to deal with facts as 
 far as possible. The financial condition of the mine when Mr. Ean- 
 dol took charge was a most embarassed one. There was an interest- 
 bearing debt of $1,600,000 against the mine. The production of 
 quicksilver for the year 1870, at which time he took charge, was one 
 of the small ones in the history of the mine. The amount of ore in 
 sight was small, and its extraction very costly, and the stockholders 
 were so pressed to carry on the working of the mine that it was 
 necessary to raise money. The stock being unassessable, the money 
 was raised by subscription, the subscribers becoming preferred 
 stockholders. I believe the amount thus raised was $200,000. Mr. 
 Eandol, then secretary of the company at New York, which position 
 he had held for seven years before coming out here, was sent by the 
 company with command of the money raised to suggest remedies 
 and new methods of working, and soon after his coming out and 
 reporting he was appointed manager. 
 
 Mr. CROSS Now, then, you may state the condition of the mine 
 itself, you have stated the financial condition. 
 
8 
 
 A. As to the technical condition of the mine, it would be well to 
 first speak of the furnace plant, which at that time was very crude in 
 comparison to the present one. The furnaces being only of the in- 
 termittent type, an intermittent furnace being a furnace that is capa- 
 ble of roasting only coarse ore, or, when fine ore is used, only in the 
 form of adobes, and it has to be periodically charged and fired, re- 
 quiring intervals for cooling and discharging, thus causing consider- 
 able loss of time, and also the possibility of loss of quicksilver by 
 the shrinkage and expansion of walls; this method of operation was 
 costly, the chief cost being the making of adobes. The condenser 
 system also was crude, and has undergone entire modification since 
 then. The mine was then developed no deeper than what we call 
 the 800-foot level, the datum point for levels being taken at the 
 summit of the mine hill, which is 1,700 feet above the sea-level. 
 The only machinery in operation at the mine was one engine, working 
 underground, in the main tunnel above the main shaft, the steam 
 being generated by boilers outside, and conducted to the engine by 
 pipes, a distance of several hundred feet As to the condition of the 
 underground work; the main Day tunnel of the 800-foot level, though 
 started, was not then connected with the main shaft, and it was nec- 
 essary to export a large amount of ore from the lower to the higher 
 levels by means of cerrones, which are bags made of hides used by 
 Mexican miners, and carried by means of a strap over the forehead 
 of the packers; these packers would go up notched ladders, and 
 would carry as high as 150 to 200 pounds at a load. 
 
 Q. You may state something of the improvements that have been 
 made in the furnaces under Mr. Eandol's administration, Mr. 
 Jennings. 
 
 A. As to the improvements in the furnaces made during Mr. 
 Eandol's administration, I do not think I could give a more complete 
 and comprehensive showing than by introducing exhibit A, an article 
 on " Quicksilver Keduction at New Almaden," by Samuel B. Christy, 
 University of California, Berkeley, Cal. 
 
 Q. You may read any portions of that that you wish to, Mr. 
 Jennings. 
 
 A. It commences on page 547, and ends at 587. It is a very 
 complete history and minute description of the workings of these 
 furnaces and accompanied by plates of the furnaces themselves, and 
 the furnace yard. 
 
 Q. You may read any particular portions of that that you see fit, 
 Mr. Jennings, as briefly as you please. 
 
 A. I may say, previous to giving this in evidence, that this work 
 before its publication, was submitted to me for correction or ap- 
 proval of any of the details. . 
 
 Q. Do you as an engineer and a man familiar with these depart- 
 ments of industrial science, endorse the correctness of the statements 
 of that article ? 
 
 A. Professor Christy's reputation is well known, and from my 
 own personal examination, and in fact from aid to Mr. Christy, I 
 know, as far as it is possible for me to know, in professional work, 
 that it is correct. I would like to read certain parts concerning the 
 first attempt made for the reduction of quicksilver. 
 
9 
 
 Q. You may read such as you think is pertinent to the matter. 
 
 A. Page 551. "The first attempt at quicksilver reduction was 
 made by treating the ore in whalers' trying vats. These were made 
 into retorts by luting on iron covers; but so much salivation of the 
 men resulted from their use that they were soon abandoned, and 
 regular iron retorts were introduced instead. The retort process 
 necessitated crushing all the ores in order to mix them with lime, 
 and was so expensive that only the rich ores would pay for treatment. 
 As a consequence, concentration by washing or a total rejection of 
 the poorer ores was necessary, in either case giving rise to consider- 
 able loss. Hence, even before 1850, attempts were made to treat 
 all the ores as was then done at Idria, Austria, and at Almaden in 
 Spain, by roasting them and condensing the quicksilver from the 
 product of combustion. The first furnaces built were badly construct- 
 ed, with poor materials, and gave rise to the loss of much metal in the 
 foundations. But experience soon led to the type of intermittent 
 furnace afterwards widely used in California. One of these furnaces, 
 known as the No. 6, is still in use at New Almaden, and with the 
 other furnaces now used will be described in detail later on." 
 
 This No. 6 is the only one of those primitive furnaces now in use, 
 and it is made use of only when there is an actual demand for quick- 
 silver which we cannot meet by our ordinary continuous furnaces. 
 
 (Beading) "The next important improvement was the introduc- 
 tion of the continuous coarse ore furnace. This furnace was first 
 invented and built for burning lime near Berlin, by the celebrated 
 Count Rumford. It was first introduced at Idria, Austria, by Berg- 
 rath Adolph Exeli, in 1871, and proved so effective there that its 
 introduction at New Almaden followed in 1874. The first furnace 
 worked so well that a second was built in 1875. These furnaces, 
 locally known as Nos. 7 and 9, are also called monitors in allusion 
 to their shape and to the fact that they are ironclad. With the in- 
 troduction of these furnaces, the economical treatment of the coarse 
 ore was satisfactorily accomplished. But the most serious problem 
 yet remained. Two-thirds of all the ore had still to be worked into 
 adobes, whether it went through the monitors or the intermittent 
 furnaces. The fine ores of Almaden in Spain are even yet made 
 into adobes, while at Idria, Austria, this class of ores is treated in 
 continuous reverberatory furnaces. At New Almaden, the problem 
 has been solved in a much happier manner by the invention of the 
 Huttner & Scott furnace." 
 
 At this point I desire to state that I consider without the inven- 
 tion of the Huttner & Scott furnaces the New Almaden Mine could 
 not have been run for this term of years, and would have been a 
 bankrupt concern. 
 
 By Mr. BOWDEN : 
 
 Q. Who is the inventor or who were the inventors of that furnace ? 
 
 A. (Reading) "This must be regarded as the most important 
 contribution to the art of quicksilver reduction that has originated 
 at New Almaden. The inventors of this furnace are Mr, H. J, Hutt- 
 ner, the well-known mechanical engineer, who devised nearly all the 
 details of the various furnaces of this type, and Mr. R. Scott, the 
 
10 
 
 furnace mason at New Almaden. To the careful and patient experi- 
 ments of its inventors and of Mr. J. B. Randol, the Manager of The 
 Quicksilver Mining Company, and the introduction of several im- 
 portant improvements of his own, the practical success of this fur- 
 nace is due." 
 
 I said that without this furnace this would have been a bankrupt 
 concern; that may have been too forcible a statement, and, if you 
 please, I will modify it. 
 
 Mr. CROSS Very well, you may modify it. 
 
 A. I would add, not perhaps bankrupt, but the profits would have 
 been very much less. The whole present plant now consists of eight 
 furnaces, as seen by the exhibit, which with the exception of No. 6 
 are of the continuous order, of a daily capacity of 145 tons. For- 
 merly salivation of the furnace employees was a very common occur- 
 rence, but during my term of office the physician has reported no 
 case of severe salivation among the furnace workmen which of itself 
 is a proof of the efficiency of their work. Salivation is caused by 
 the escaping quicksilver fumes from the furnace. It is very injurious 
 to the nervous system and health of the employees. I have already 
 touched upon the furnaces. I will now introduce an exhibit as to 
 the mining growth. 
 
 Q. Please state, Mr. Jennings, the improvements upon the mine 
 and the methods of working the additional plant and other improve- 
 ments besides the furnace improvements. 
 
 A. This I have no notes of at all, but I will take an exhibit which 
 I present as Exhibit B. which has the maps of the mining property 
 of The Quicksilver Mining Company, New Almaden, California. 
 
 Q. What is the date ? 
 
 A. Dated January 1st, 1880. I would desire to explain my ex- 
 hibit a little. It is entitled " Map of the property of The Quick- 
 silver Mining Company, New Almaden, California, January 1st, 
 1880." This book of maps first shows the map of the property of 
 The Quicksilver Mining Company, showing the extent of the grant 
 and its boundary lines owned by the Company, and containing 
 8,580 acres. Also, next is a topographical map of the central part 
 of the property of The Quicksilver Mining Company. This shows 
 the position of the houses; the hachures showing tne steepness or 
 hilliness of the country; the relative positions of the three camps, 
 namely the Hacienda, the English Camp and Mexican Camp are 
 given by this map, and the position of the houses and the shafts and 
 the general working. All these exhibits are only for 1880, and there 
 are a great many improvements which have been added since, some 
 of which have, however, been placed on this map, though not on 
 others, as it will figure more hereafter in evidence ; next a series of 
 colored mining views, showing the plans and vertical cross-sections 
 of the underground works of the mine, commencing with No. 3, 
 and extending to and including No. 9. The next, No. 10 is a 
 plan of the furnace yard, the data for which, and surveys for 
 which I made myself in 1879. No. 11 is the furnaces and con- 
 densers of The Quicksilver Mining Company. Considerable 
 improvements have been made, especially in the form of con- 
 densers, since that date. From the mining maps it will be seen that 
 

 
 
11 
 
 in 1880 there were three main shafts in which work was carried on, 
 namely, the Randol, Isabel and Cora Blanca. The work at the 
 latter has been discontinued. Since the date, 1880, the Buena 
 Yista, the St. George, the American and the Washington shafts have 
 been started, and thus we have six shafts at present in operation, 
 and there is a network of underground passageways that have been 
 made since the beginning of this mine, amounting now to nearly 
 fifty miles. The different shafts are equipped with effective and 
 modern machinery, and the mining work has been carried on to a 
 depth of 2,300 feet below the datum point, making a total increase of 
 depth since Mr. Randol's management of 1,500 feet. Further 
 statistics of the mining work will be given later on in the testimony. 
 
 Q. I will ask for a statement showing the production of the mine 
 during Mr. Eandol's administration. 
 
 A. For this purpose I present exhibit C, which shows the pro- 
 duction and other statistics. Exhibit C is entitled " The Quicksilver 
 Statistics of New Almaden," in which the detailed statements are 
 given of the years 1884, 1885 and 1886 the years that I have been 
 connected with the management of the Company, and it also gives a 
 statement of the statistics, making a showing of the whole term of 
 Mr. Kandol's administration, including 1886. 
 
 Q. What has been the total amount of ore reduced by the Com- 
 pany during Mr. Randol's administration ? 
 
 A. The total amount of ore reduced in the sixteen years Mr. 
 Eandol has been in the management amounts to 396,212 tons, pro- 
 ducing 317,822 flasks of silver, giving an average percentage of 3.07. 
 
 Q. That is 3.07 per cent, of quicksilver ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. How much quicksilver in a flask : how many pounds ? 
 
 A. There were 76 J pounds of quicksilver in a flask. The percentage 
 of yield has fallen from 1871; commencing with- the percentage of 
 6.44, the yield has fallen from 6.44 through various fluctuations until 
 it has reached a minimum in 1886, of only 1.69 per cent., and that is 
 the percentage of the quicksilver to the ore reduced, the lowest per- 
 centage making it much more necessary and vital to have the best 
 and most economical methods of extraction and reduction. The 
 total operating expenses for the sixteen years has amounted in round 
 figures to $7,500,000. 
 
 Q. How much of that amount has been distributed for labor ? 
 
 A. Over $5,000,000 has been distributed for labor on the mine 
 and Hacienda pay rolls. 
 
 Q. What are the taxes and miscellaneous expenses ? 
 
 A. Over $700,000. 
 
 Q. What has been the cost of materials consumed in that time? 
 
 A. Over $1,600,000. 
 
 Q. What have been the receipts of the Company during that time ? 
 
 A. The receipts have been $11,800,000. 
 
 Q. How much of that has been realized from the sale of quick- 
 silver produced ? 
 
 A. Over $11,000,000. 
 
 Q. What has been the total profit? 
 
 A. A total profit of over $4,000,000, This is the gross profit, 
 
12 
 
 part of which has been put back into improvements, $4,300,000 in 
 round numbers. 
 
 Q. What amount of that profit has been expended in permanent 
 improvements upon the mine ? 
 . A. Over $850,000. 
 
 Q. What amount of profits have been remitted to the New York 
 office during that time? 
 
 A. Over $3,000,000. 
 
 Q, How has that $3,000,000 been disposed of ? 
 
 A. The funded debt of $1,500,000, with interest, has been paid, 
 and over $1,000,000 declared in dividends. Before we leave this 
 exhibit I will call attention to another portion of it. I want to 
 state here from these statistics : What I want to bring out is the 
 drifting, sinking, prospecting, page 49, called dead work, from which 
 it is seen to amount, for the past ten years previous to that time 
 accurate statistics not having been kept to a total of 77,400 feet of 
 tunnels and shafts and passageways, drifting for prospecting purposes 
 and for developing ore chambers, which bring no ordinary return : but 
 this policy of the mine in keeping this dead work ahead, while it has 
 yet good ore chambers, has been to a great extent its salvation, as 
 the ore chambers are of a capricious character and liable to give" out 
 at very short notice. 
 
 Q. Does the ore lie in continuous veins or deposits which may 
 be traced from one to the other, or do they have to be found, each 
 by exploration ? 
 
 A. There are generally connecting links between ore chambers, 
 especially noted in the main branch extending from the mine hill 
 down to the 2,000-foot level; but in places it is very unproductive, 
 and again in other portions of the mine, such as the American and 
 the Washington shafts, the ore bodies are disconnected as far as yet 
 known. 
 
 Q. Will you make some statement or offer some exhibit showing 
 the relative results of the methods pursued at this mine and other 
 quicksilver mines in California ? 
 
 A. For this purpose I desire to put in Exhibit D. This shows 
 the production of quicksilver in the entire State of California from 
 the year 1877 to 1886, both inclusive, from which we see, starting 
 from the maximum produced in the year 1877 of in round numbers, 
 79,400 flasks, the production has gradually crept down year by year 
 until it has reached its minimum in 1886 of not more than 30,000 
 flasks of which amount the New Almaden Mine produced 18,000 
 flasks in 1886, and the next highest producer at present being the 
 ^tna Mine of only (for the year 1886), 3,500 flasks. The quick- 
 silver mines of the country have to contend not only with the diffi- 
 culties of nature but also with a fluctuating market, and most of the 
 quicksilver mines of the coast have gone under or have got behind 
 in their production by the excessive low price of quicksilver, and 
 under these difficulties it has been necessary to have a very close 
 industrial as well as financial management to keep this mine working. 
 
 Q. Make a statement of the classes of labor employed at this 
 mine, with reference to the term and kind of employment. 
 
13 
 
 A. There are three classes of labor employed at this mine, 
 namely, men working by the month, by the day and on contract. 
 
 Q. State what kinds of labor are performed by the employees 
 working by the month. 
 
 A. The employees by the month consist of officers of the com- 
 pany, mechanics, engine drivers and other skilled branches of work. 
 
 Q. The specially skilled branches of the work ? 
 
 A. Yes, including bookkeepers and the accountants. 
 
 Q. What classes of labor are performed by the day? 
 
 A. The work about the furnace, landings and shafts,, workers on 
 the road and sorters of the ore. 
 
 Q. What class of work is done by contract? 
 
 A. The main body of the work of the underground department 
 is done by the contract system. Exhibit E shows the names of all 
 employees of The Quicksilver Mining Company residing on the Hill, 
 alphabetically arranged regarding their names, and giving their oc- 
 cupation, wages, how long they have been in the Company's employ, 
 nativity, whether voters or not, age, married or single and the num- 
 ber of family. 
 
 Q. What does Exhibit F show, Mr. Jennings ? 
 
 A. Exhibit F shows a similar chronicling of the men at the re- 
 duction works. 
 
 Q. Have you any exhibits the summary of those books, Exhibits 
 E and F ? 
 
 A. Yes, for this purpose I present Exhibit G, inserted in book 
 Exhibit E and also Exhibit H. 
 
 Q. What does Exhibit G show ? 
 
 A. Analysis of men employed by The Quicksilver Mining Com- 
 pany; the numbers and nationalities of the men employed by the 
 Company November 1-st, 1888, are: Mexicans, Chileans, etc., 115; 
 English, from different parts of England, 172 ; Americans, including 
 descendents of Mexicans and English, but born in the United States, 
 90; Spaniards, 6; Swiss, Swedes, Norwegians, Eussians and Italians, 
 12; Irish, 2; nationality unknown, 19. Sixty-one are employed at 
 the Hacienda, whose nationalities are: Mexicans, Chileans, etc., 5; 
 English, 9; Americans, 19; Swedes, Norwegians, 16; Dutch, Ger- 
 mans, Austrians, Canadians, 6; Irish, 1; unknown, 5. 
 
 Q. What is Exhibit H ? 
 
 A. Exhibit H shows the earnings of the yardage contractors for 
 the year 1886, arid the first three months of 1887; their wages not 
 being given in the table of the wages on account of the fluctuation 
 of their earnings from month to month. 
 
 Q. Can you show by any exhibit or otherwise about the number 
 of men employed in each of these different classes, that is day 
 laborers and laborers by the month and contractors ? 
 
 A. This information is obtainable from the book and will be in- 
 serted later. 
 
 Q. Now from Exhibit H you may state the work done on the 
 so called yardage contracts, the total during the whole of 1886, and 
 the first three months of 1887. 
 
 A. The general average wages per man per day of extraction and 
 reduction has been $2.48; that is the general average earnings per 
 man per day. 
 
u 
 
 Q. What was the total number of days work on yardage contract 
 for that particular period of time ? 
 
 A. By this particular class of contractors 25,800 days in round 
 numbers. 
 
 By Mr. CROSS : 
 
 Q. What has been the total amount paid for that work ? 
 
 A. About $64,000. 
 
 Q. Mr. Jennings, explain what has been the highest daily earn- 
 ings per man under these contracts during that period of time ? 
 
 A. The highest average of any particular company was in May, 
 1886, when one set of contractors made 15.96 a day per man. 
 
 Superintendent Jennings resumed his testimony at New Almaden yesterday in the Sulli- 
 van-Feltou contest. Contract Work Let Publicly to the Lowest Bidder What the 
 Sullivan-Felton Contest is bringing forth The Company Building Schools, 
 Churches, Etc. 
 
 By Mr. CROSS: 
 
 Q. Explain the method of advertising and letting and performing 
 work under what you term the "contract system ?" First, as to the 
 advertising for contracts ? 
 
 A. I will explain the classes of contract work; the contracts are 
 offered at public bid once every month; a notice is given as to the 
 last taker, last price, number of men required, location and size of 
 drift and the character of the work done. 
 
 Q. When and where is this notice posted ? 
 
 A. In front of the company's office, several days before the day 
 on which the contracts are let, usually three or four days. 
 
 Q. Where are the notices usually posted ? 
 
 A. On the company's bulletin-board at their Hill office, on the 
 outside. 
 
 Q. Are any advertisements of this kind inserted in the papers? 
 
 A. Frequently general advertisements stating that miners are 
 needed for these contracts, are published in the San Francisco daily 
 papers a week or ten days before contracts are let. 
 
 Q. To whom are the contracts, so advertised, let ? 
 
 A. To the lowest bidder. 
 
 Q State the method of bidding for and awarding the contracts. 
 
 A. The method of bidding for is shown by the exhibit of the con- 
 tract bid which is printed in the company's office and freely distri- 
 buted several hours before the closing of bids, then the bids are 
 made in writing and signed by captain of the contracting company 
 and also the men that go in with him; these bids are then tabulated 
 in a book for the purpose, so that the lowest or most advantageous 
 bid can easily be picked out. 
 
 Q. By what different methods of estimating the work are these 
 contracts let? a few moments ago you spoke of yardage. 
 
 A. There are five classes of contracts. The first is the yardage 
 contract, requiring the greatest skill from the miners. The contrac- 
 
f I 
 
15 
 
 tors are paid on yardage contract by the number of lineal yards 
 driven in a tunnel or a drift or a winze or a shaft, the size of these 
 various workings being given on the posted notices. The next class 
 is the drillers by the foot. 
 
 Q. Explain what that means. 
 
 A. Drilling by the foot, the men are paid by the length of the 
 drill hole which they drive into an ore chamber under the direction 
 of the shift boss, who measures and reports the length of the drill 
 holes. The next class is the tribute system; in the tribute system 
 the contractor is paid for the amount of ore after it is cleaned upon 
 the planilla or dressing floor, which he sends out from the ore cham- 
 ber to which he is appointed. He blasts and does the whole exca- 
 vation of this ore and gives it to the trammers. Tramming is the 
 next system of contracts of which I treat and consists of taking the 
 material from the ore chamber to the shafts in cars, it being gener- 
 ally impracticable to use mules for propelling the ore. It is esti- 
 mated by the ton, which is arrived at by the number of skip loads 
 sent from a particular level to the shaft to the outlet tunnel of the 
 cars. The next is the skip-filling, and the men being paid for the 
 number of tons they fill in the skip. The trammers deposit their 
 ore in various plats on different levels connected with shafts, and 
 the skip takes the ore from the different plats through the shaft to its 
 outlet, in other words is a hoisting elevator for the ore. After the 
 ore is taken from the mine it is deposited upon the cleaning floor, 
 known localty as the planilla. The ore is here subject to assort- 
 ment, and it is divided into two classes of ore which are shipped to 
 the Hacienda, known as coarse ore andtierras; tierras being the fine 
 ore, or the ore that goes through the bars of the screens over which 
 the ore is dumped. The ore, after it has been cleaned, is hauled in 
 wagons over the road of the company to chutes, where it is loaded 
 into cars, and for a short distance is conducted by rail to the incline, 
 down which the cars are sent on the gravity plan, the full car pulling 
 up the empty car from the lower end of the incline. That work is 
 also done on contract, the teamster getting so much a ton for taking 
 from the planilla to the ore chutes of the railroad, and the men who 
 run the incline also being, as a rule, paid by contract. Under the 
 contract system there is natural selection and weeding out going on 
 among the employees, the less competent miners and dissolute min- 
 ers not being able to compete with the more skilled and better class 
 of miners. 
 
 Q. I will now ask you, Mr. Jennings, as to anything like nepo- 
 tism being exercised on the part of the manager ? 
 
 A. I think Mr. Band ol is singularly free from any cause for such 
 complaint, and, although he has a large family and social connec- 
 tions, I have never known or heard of the employment here of but 
 two in the whole course of his management. These were, for a time, 
 the 'resident physician, who had supervision of the Miners' Fund, 
 and also one of the accountants in the office for a time. The phy- 
 sician was his brother. The accountant was the husband of his 
 wife's sister. 
 
 Q. Now, Mr. Jennings, I desire to take up the social condition 
 of the miners, and what has been done here on the grant for their 
 
16 
 
 improvement; and you may state, first, with reference to the churches 
 on the grant. 
 
 A. The material wants of this community have received very 
 careful attention in the shape of dwellings and gardens and water 
 supplied, etc., which will be treated later on. There are now two 
 churches Methodist and Roman Catholic. 
 
 Q. What nationalities principally attend the Boman Catholic 
 Church here ? 
 
 A. The Mexican element. 
 
 Q. State whether or not those churches have regular clergymen. 
 
 A. Tbe Methodist Church has a regular clergymen resident here. 
 
 Q. Does he have any other church under his charge except this? 
 
 A. He preaches at both camps the Hill and the Hacienda; at 
 the Hacienda camp, in the school-house. 
 
 Q. You may describe the Methodist Church upon the Hill, and 
 give what you know of the history of the church structure the 
 Methodist Church structure. 
 
 A. The Methodist denomination have been unfortunate in their 
 church building. It has been damaged twice by severe windstorms, 
 requiring almost reconstruction, and once destroyed by fire. In all 
 cases the Manager has been appealed to, in his capacity as Manager, 
 and as an individual, for aid in the reconstruction of this building, 
 and has -always responded. The last time it was re-built, which is 
 the present church, the total cost of construction was about $3,400, 
 and the amount donated by the company was about $500, and by the 
 Manager, individually, $300. 
 
 Q. From what source were the other contributions derived ? 
 
 A. They were derived from the miners themselves, and by enter- 
 tainments given on the grant, in which the Superintendent assisted 
 at one, when there was a collection of 1200 made. One remarkable 
 feature of the reconstruction of the church was that on its opening 
 the entire debt for the reconstruction was paid off. 
 
 Q. State in regard to the Catholic Church. 
 
 A. The last building of the Catholic Church was erected about 
 two or three years ago, and it also received aid from the manage- 
 ment in the form of money and material. The amounts I could not 
 state, and it is now a creditable and pretty structure. 
 
 Q. Now you may take up the subject of schools. First, how 
 many school buildings are there on the grant ? 
 
 A. There are three all public schools; all managed on the 
 public school system in vogue in the State, at present employing six 
 teachers one male and five female. There are two teachers at the 
 Hacienda school district and four on the Hill district. 
 
 Mr. CROSS Counsel for contestee states that the reason for taking 
 testimony of the particular character now under consideration, is 
 that it is claimed by contestant that the people living upon this 
 ground are in the condition of slaves and peons. Counsel for con- 
 testee claims that this evidence tends to show first, that there is a 
 condition of intelligence and means of intelligence which will render 
 such conditions impossible, and that these facts in themselves tend 
 to show that the people are not in the condition of either serfs or 
 

 

17 
 
 peons, but are pursuing a course of intelligence and prosperity in 
 advance of the laboring classes generally in this country. 
 
 The WITNESS After the tilt between counsel, I am more than 
 ever convinced of the value of my photographic exhibit for I do not 
 believe that it is possible for the contestant or his attorneys, with 
 the art of photography, to make any claims that it has been intimi- 
 dated, coerced or gives misrepresentations of facts. 
 
 Witness here introduced in evidence a book of 53 photographic 
 views, showing the schools, churches, stores, club building, works 
 and homes of operatives upon the mine, including exterior and in- 
 terior views of the same. 
 
 Q. Do you know about how many months per year schools are 
 maintained in these respective buildings? 
 
 A. Ten months per year. 
 
 Q. What social organization is there, if any, maintained upon 
 this grant, and state what you know about its organization and main- 
 tainance ? 
 
 A. A social organization known as the "Helping Hand" was or- 
 ganized about one year and a half ago, with the idea of supplying 
 the wants of the single men in the matter of a place of amusement 
 and also an evening resort, independent of the drinking saloon, a 
 club. The company supplied the building and the stage and greatly 
 aided in fitting up the hall. For a more comprehensive description 
 of this club and its advantages I desire to read an extract from the 
 San Jose Daily Mercury of June 15, 1886, and I know it to be writ- 
 ten by one of the members of this club. "The manager of the mine 
 conceived the idea that by fitting up a nice, cozy, and in every res- 
 pect comfortable hall where all kinds of popular games could be in- 
 dulged in, and have attached to it a reading room and kitchen, that 
 by so doing a great public want would be met; that the social sphere 
 here would be enlarged in usefulness and our community become 
 better natured and consequently more happy and contented. Our 
 rules and regulations are very simple. Everybody and their families, 
 if they have any, who pays $1 per month to the Miner's Fund are 
 members, and entitled to all privileges and can come to the hall 
 when open, play games, read or take a cup of tea, coffee or chocolate 
 with cake at less than cost. No gambling or drinking of spirituous 
 liquors is allowed, smoking is allowed in the main hall but no games; 
 no talking or smoking is allowed in the reading-room. We have a 
 library of about 450 volumes, consisting of stories, biography, history, 
 etc. Our list of magazines, weekly and daily newspapers comprises 
 the best in the State and nation." That is all that 1 propose to read 
 of that article. 
 
 Q. In speaking of this club, the Miners' Fund has been men- 
 tioned; will you explain the Miners' Fund, how it is collected, cared 
 for and applied, and you may also state what was the occasion of the 
 Miners' Fund, if you recollect. 
 
 A. Various efforts were attempted by the miners to organize a 
 system of contribution to secure to themselves economical, 
 skillful medical attendance. The result of the experiments did 
 much to convince the miners that compulsory contributions were 
 necessary to make such a scheme a success; so that in the latter part 
 2 
 
18 
 
 of 1870, soon after the direction of the mine was assumed by the 
 present manager, Mr. J, B. Eandol, the miners were ready to peti- 
 tion that he assume control of the Fund, and that contributions be 
 made compulsory. After convincing himsqlf that this was the wish 
 of a large majority of the employees and residents, Mr. Kandol es- 
 tablished what is known as the Miners' Fund, and assumed entire 
 control as Trustee. He has occupied this position for over thirteen 
 years, without salary; and to his skillful management is due the high 
 state of practical usefulness which the Fund has reached, in spite of 
 previous failures. 
 
 Q. What amount is contributed per month to this fund by each 
 employee of the mine ? 
 
 A. One dollar per month by each employee of the mine is con- 
 tributed. This is compulsory. A printed statement of the rules and 
 regulations of this Miners' Fund is posted in conspicuous places in 
 front of the main offices, shaft houses and the prominent buildings 
 in connection "with the general rules and regulations of the company, 
 and is referred to in slips which new men sign. "Contributors are 
 entitled without further payment to the attendance of the resident 
 physician for themselves and their immediate families (except that 
 cases of confinement will be charged $5 each), and will be furnished 
 with medicines prescribed by him, on payment of cost; also for the 
 relief of contributors whom circumstances may entitle to the same, 
 and for other contingent expenses." 
 
 Q. I will ask you first as to the medical attendance. What means 
 has the Trustee provided for supplying the medical attendance paid 
 for out of this fund ? 
 
 A. He has provided a resident physician. 
 
 Q. How is he paid ? 
 
 A. He is paid a regular salary by the month. 
 
 Q. Of how much ? 
 
 A. I would say here, it is an embarrassing position to be placed 
 in, my present one, as regards what right I have to lay bare before 
 the public the private business of its employees. I have aimed to pre- 
 sent such facts as have already appeared in print in various forms. 
 
 Q. State whether or not the physician employed by the Trustee 
 of the Miners' Fund devotes himself exclusively to that service ? 
 
 A. Most exclusively; he is here and ready at every call, night 
 or day. 
 
 Q. State whether or not he has office hours at which he receives 
 calls in his office of those who are able to attend the office for 
 treatment ? 
 
 A. Yes, he has an office hour on the Hill. Let it be here stated 
 in that connection, that when 1 make the statement "the Hill," it 
 includes the English and Mexican camps; it is a general term for 
 that portion of the mining industry away from the reduction works. 
 Those two camps lie near together. 
 
 Q. Are those office hours daily ? 
 
 A. Daily. 
 
 Q. State whether or not those who are contributors to this fund 
 are treated by the physician without any further charge to them or 
 their families. 
 
19 
 
 A. Yes, every one as long as he is an employee or a voluntary 
 contributor to the fund, is entitled to any and all services of the 
 physician except the one mentioned in the rules (that is cases of con- 
 finements will be charged five dollars) free of charge. 
 
 Q. Does that go into the fund? 
 
 A. That goes back into the fund. 
 
 Q. State whether or not the members of his immediate family 
 are also entitled to that treatment without further charge ? 
 
 A. Yes, that treatment; all members of the family are treated 
 for that consideration, and in that connection let me state that one 
 of the contestant's most malignant witnesses against the management 
 of this company was a Mr. Kennett; he testified against the impro- 
 prieties of this fund, but had, before his leaving this mine, great 
 cause for the use of this fund, inasmuch as he had one, two or three 
 children, I am not certain which, taken down with scarlet fever, and 
 the doctor was required greatly, and the only amount he paid was 
 the amount of one dollar a month. 
 
 Its Management The New Almaden Mine and its Employees. A Searching Inquiry 
 by the Contestee's Attorney. Political Complexion and Personal Character of the 
 Mine Workers. The third days's testimony at New Almaden in the Sullivan-Felton 
 contest was as follows, Superintendent Jennings being on the stand: 
 
 By Mr. CROSS: 
 
 Q. I desire to examine you now as to the industrial management 
 of The Quicksilver Company and its property. First, who is the 
 present manager of the property and the company's affairs ? 
 
 A. The present General Manager of this mine is J. B. Randol. 
 He became manager in 1870 or 1871. He resided in New Almaden 
 till 1880, though often visiting San Francisco for business purposes, 
 when the sales of the quicksilver were entrusted to his hands, in 
 addition to his control of the mine. Mr. liandol during his resi- 
 dence at New Almaden practically filled the position of both General 
 Manager and Superintendent, but since that date it has been neces- 
 sary to have a resident Superintendent with absolute authority dur- 
 ing his absence. 
 
 Q. What are the duties and responsibilities of the Superin- 
 tendent? 
 
 A. The Superintendent is under control of the General Manager, 
 who has absolute control of the property in California, the company 
 being a New York corporation, with its President and its Board 
 of Directors in New York City, and he is thus an agent on this coast, 
 with absolute authority to act for this company in all matters. 
 
 Q- That is, in all matters relating to the management of the mine ? 
 
 A. The management of the mine, and under the general control 
 is the position of the Superintendent, who has the entire power of 
 employing and discharging men, and has direct supervision of the 
 industrial work, and has a corps of assistants under him to aid him 
 in the general overseeing of the property. 
 
 
20 
 
 Q. Give the grades and names of these different assistants who 
 come next to the Superintendent in authority. 
 
 A. The general mine foreman, the present incumbent being Cap- 
 tain Harry; the Hacienda foreman and accountant combined, which 
 position is filled by Mr. Bulmore; the foreman on the Hill, Mr. 
 O'Brion ; the clerks, of which there are two, one on the Hill and one 
 at the Hacienda, who, in addition to their clerical duties act in the 
 capacity of telegraph operator and apothecary; they are Mr. Carson 
 and Mr. Hall; the surveyor who has the surveying and mapping of 
 the different underground excavations and passageways accom- 
 plished during various months of the year, and also assists the gen- 
 eral mine foreman in some of his duties. Other positions would be 
 the shift bosses who have the directions of the details of the under- 
 ground work, though under the supervision of the main mine fore- 
 man, A very important position is the furnace foreman at the 
 Hacienda, who has charge of the details of the furnaces and men. 
 This position is occupied by Mr. William Stiles, and under him are 
 the watchmen and weighers. The position of chief engineer is also 
 a very important position on the Hill, and is filled by Mr. James 
 Harrower, who has charge of all the machinery on the company's 
 property and the mechanics working under his direction. 
 
 Q. What is about the average number of men employed at the 
 mine during the year 1886. 
 
 A. Between 450 and 460. 
 
 Q. Mr. Jennings what can you say of the length of time that the 
 men in the employ of the company have continued in its employ- 
 ment ? 
 
 A. To answer that question I desire to turn to the exhibits already 
 presented, E and F, from which it will be seen there have been men 
 in the employ of this company from thirty-four to thirty-five years. 
 
 Q. Can you make any statement as to the average length of time 
 of those employed in the company ? 
 
 A, That would be a pretty hard statement to make, but if you 
 would designate any letter of the alphabet, I will turn to the exhibit 
 and read from it. 
 
 Q. Well, take from letter C. The employees' names commencing 
 with C. You need not read the names. 
 
 . A. The length of employment by this company is given as follows 
 in regular rotation in years: 21, 23, 20, 24, 22, 11, 9J, ( J, 22, 14, 25, 
 24, 2, 4, 5, 30, G, 2, 5, 9, 5, 1J, 25, 12, 25, 6, 6, J, 2. Frequently 
 men who have left the service of the company afterwards return to 
 get work. 
 
 Q. Seeking re-employment from the company ? 
 
 A. Seeking re-employment from the company and in giving out 
 some of the positions on day pay we make it a point to try and take 
 care of and tide over the miners that have been a long time here by 
 giving them the preference on day work to strangers and though 
 they may be working for one month or two in this manner in day 
 pay they return again to their contract system . 
 
 Q. Mr. Jennings, what can you say with regard to strikes or 
 threats of strikes during Mr. Bandol's time ? 
 
 A. The great satisfaction of the men with the administration is 
 
21 
 
 very well illustrated by the fact that during Mr. Ranclol's entire ad- 
 ministration of sixteen and one-half years there has not been a sin- 
 gle strike or even threat of a strike. 
 
 Q. What are the principal nationalities employed at the mine ? 
 A. The chief nationalities are English-Americans that is descen- 
 dants of both English and other nationalities who were born in 
 America, in the United States rather, and the Mexicans and Swedes. 
 Q. How do you account for these being the nationalities chiefly 
 employed ? 
 
 A. The proportion in which these elements have remained here 
 is greatly due to the natural competition going on in the contract 
 system. These nationalities also harmonize well together, for al- 
 though the Cornish and Mexicans do not associate very much with 
 each other, they agree to let each other alone, and thus have no 
 tendency to affiliate in combinations against the management. 
 
 Q. Mr. Jennings, how do you account, for instance, for there 
 being so many Cornishmen employed in working the mine ? 
 
 A. They have been the most successful men in making wages 
 under the yardage system, that is to say, in open competition for 
 the running of drifts and tunnels, and the sinking of shafts, win- 
 zes, etc. 
 
 Q. How do you account for that ? 
 
 A, It may be accounted for from the fact that their ancestors 
 were miners, and they were brought up in Cornwall on a system of 
 contracts somewhat similar to what is carried on here. 
 
 Q. Now what can you say as to the physical characteristics of 
 those men ? 
 
 A. When spurred by the impetus of large pay made on their 
 contracts, they perform, as far as I am able to judge, the greatest 
 amount of labor of any set of men I know. 
 
 Q. What have you to say with regard to the Mexican miners. How 
 do they come to be employed here; and how is it that so many of 
 them are employed here ? 
 
 A. In the early history of the mine the Mexican element seems 
 to have been the only one used here. The original owners of the 
 mine receiving their grant from Mexico, and introduced the Mexican 
 system of mining; in this manner a great many of them came from 
 Mexico, and their descendants have grown up at the mine, and they 
 have made a specialty of working in ore chambers more than in 
 competition with the Cornishmen on the yardage contracts, though 
 at times they are the lowest bidders on the yardage system. 
 
 Q. What department of work are those of the Swedish nation- 
 ality mostly employed in ? 
 
 A. They are employed on the furnaces and in tramming and in 
 skip filling, a class of labor not requiring as great mining skill, but 
 often great physical endurance. 
 
 Q Mr. Jennings, I notice from your report of the nationalities 
 the number of Irish birth is very small. What have you to state 
 about that? 
 
 A. We have but few Irish. Those few that we have retained are 
 especially efficient and faithful, but this element does not harmonize 
 with the other elements here. As I have noticed, even in other min- 
 
22 
 
 ing localities, the Cornish and the Irish do not assimilate well to- 
 gether, and no great exertion has been made on the part of the 
 management to keep this element here when harmony with the oth- 
 ers could not be expected. 
 
 Q. In reference to the contract work you speak of, the contract 
 being let to an individual and his assistants, how many men are em- 
 ployed upon one contract ? 
 
 A. From four to sixteen. 
 
 Q. In going over the table of the nationalities employed by this 
 mine I see no statement of the number of Chinese employed in the 
 mine. Owing to the sentiment about the employment of Chinese on 
 this Coast, I will ask you to make a statement with regard to that 
 matter. 
 
 A. Previous to August, 1884, some Chinamen, amounting to 
 about forty or fifty, were employed around the furnaces or in work- 
 ing the old dumps, but since that date no Chinaman has been em- 
 ployed. This date of August, 1884, 1 would desire to say, is previous 
 to the last crusade against the Chinese in this State. 
 
 Q, Was the discharge of those men accomplished by any strike 
 or any act upon the part of the men, or was it the voluntary act of 
 the employers ? 
 
 A. It was the voluntary act of the Manager. 
 
 Q. Now, Mr. Jennings, I will request you to give some compari- 
 son of the results and cost of production, amount of production and 
 average wages of the miners in the Almaden Mine of Spain and the 
 New Almaden Mine here ? 
 
 A. For this purpose I will present exhibit M. I desire rather 
 fully to explain exhibit N, entitled "The Quicksilver Mines of 
 Almaden and New Almaden, a comparative view of their extent, pro- 
 duction, costs of work, etc., printed for private circulation." The 
 origin of Exhibit M was that some time in the early part of 1886, the 
 Manager, discouraged by the small profit made at the mine in 1885, 
 as shown on page 47 of exhibit C, sent witness the pamphlets, arti- 
 cles, etc., alluded to in the report, and desired him to make a formal 
 examination and comparison for the purposes of seeing if he could 
 gain points of advantage for the working of this mine, and also to 
 show him what a formidable competitor the mine had in the old Al- 
 maden Mine in Spain. 
 
 Q. Does the product of this mine have to compete with the pro- 
 duct of the Almaden Mine in prices. 
 
 A. Yes. The product of the Almaden Mine in Spain, is controlled 
 by the Eothchilds of London, who control the quicksilver markets of 
 the world; and after carefully examining the statistics thus sent me, 
 I returned, as Superintendent, my conclusion as follows page twelve 
 of Exhibit M, as to the relative efficiency of the methods and work- 
 men: I again request your careful attention to Table D, for I be- 
 lieve that in no mine on this coast are similar results obtained for 
 less money. Even if it be possible to reduce these rates of labor 
 per day, I believe it could only be at the expense of having a poorer 
 class of workmen who would not accomplish as much per dollar 
 paid out as our present force of skilled and energetic men at wages 
 now paid. The illustration of the accomplishments of cheap labor 
 
23 
 
 at Almaden, Spain, is certainly not encouraging. Of course if our 
 production keeps on decreasing, something will have to be done to 
 lessen expenses, and the only way I can see to accomplish this will 
 be to decrease the number of men employed. On the other hand if 
 prospecting is not energetically continued until new discoveries are 
 found the life of the mine must be brief. At the old Almaden there 
 are employed 2,825 men and 301 boys, a total of 3,126 workers. 
 
 Q. What is the aggregate production of ore ? 
 
 A. The extraction of all material from the old Almaden Mine 
 amounted to only 19,475 tons for the entire year under discussion. 
 
 Q. Now state the number of men employed, and the amount ex- 
 tracted at the New Almaden Mine. 
 
 A. A total, including boys, of but 423, employed for the mining 
 department. The amount of material extracted from this mine, how- 
 ever, was 138,600, or an average per worker of 326 tons a year. It 
 is hardly fair, however, to leave the inference that this vast differ- 
 ence in work is entirely due to our superior methods of work and 
 workmen, as there is one serious disadvantage connected with work- 
 ing the Spanish Mine that I have not before mentioned, viz: the 
 workmen are seriously affected by the mercurial emanations from the 
 mine, and do not work on an average over one day in three, and then 
 only six hours at a time; but even taking this into account, and 
 assume they cannot work more than one-fifth the number of hours 
 our men do, it is seen for equal time working per man there is ten 
 times the material extracted from this mine in equal time. The 
 Almaden Mine, although with this small production of material pro- 
 duced over 40,000 flasks of quicksilver, and at an expense of only 
 $7.10 a flask, and the production of the New Almaden was only 21,- 
 600 flasks at an expense of over $26 per flask. In other words the 
 old Almaden ore chambers are ten times as rich as the New Almaden. 
 
 Q. Now, Mr. Jennings, leaving the industrial management of the 
 mine, as such, I wish to inquire something regarding the political 
 complexion of the mine, and first I will ask you whether you have 
 any prepared table of the voters of the precinct at the last elec- 
 tion? 
 
 A. Yes. A table made up from the poll list of this precinct and 
 Great Register of the county. The voters in the employ of The 
 Quicksilver Mining Company was 156. 
 
 Q. How is the nationality of that vote divided ? 
 
 A. Those in the employ of the company are divided as follows : 
 American, 52; English, 71; Mexicans, 25; Irish, 2; other nationali- 
 ties, 6. Of this number there are 64 on day pay, and contractors, 92. 
 
 Q. Mr. Jennings, have you been acquainted with the residents, 
 miners in other portions of California besides New Almaden? 
 
 A. .Yes, I have been engaged both in Nevada and Sierra Counties. 
 
 Q. From your acquaintance with the miners there and at New 
 Almaden can you state what are the generally political party lean- 
 ings of the Cornishmen ? 
 
 A. My observation is that they are Republicans. 
 
 Q. What have you to say about the partisanship of the Mexicans? 
 
 A. The Mexicans exhibit little partisan feeling, they have stronger 
 race feeling. 
 
24 
 
 Q. State whether or not you have observer] that this race feeling 
 has had strong influence at times in affecting their vote ? 
 
 A. This race feeling being strong there would be a chance of its 
 influencing them in this last election of November 1886, at the time 
 Mr. Sullivan was a candidate for Congress. At that election a prom- 
 inent candidate on the Democratic County ticket was a man who, in 
 the exercise of his duty, was forced to kill one of their race. He 
 was a candidate on the same ticket and at the same election as Mr. 
 Sullivan. 
 
 Q. What have you to say with regard to the general partisan 
 leanings, so far as you have observed them, of the Irish voters in 
 the mines of California ? 
 
 A. It is the accepted verdict of the country that their leanings 
 are Democratic. 
 
 Q. What have you to say with regard to the native Americans 
 who vote in California, so far as you have occasion to observe them, 
 as to their partisan leanings ? 
 
 A. They are largely descendents of Cornish and Mexican nation- 
 alities, and their opinions are largely in accordance with their 
 ancestry. 
 
 Q. State what you know of the history of the social condition 
 and character of the parties who are employed on this mine as em- 
 ployees in early days. 
 
 A. The early history has been, as I cull it from old inhabitants 
 and articles in the newspapers, I would conclude that there was a 
 great amount of lawlessness pursued here; the men were making 
 large wages, and not much restraint was exercised over them, they 
 had almost unlimited freedom to gratify any gambling or drinking 
 tendency and it was no uncommon occurrence for a man to be killed 
 after pay day; it was a rendez-vous for Mexican banditti; a curious in- 
 cident occurs to me in this connection, about a year ago there was a 
 skeleton of a miner found in one of our drifts that had caved to- 
 gether and in running a new drift, this drift was again entered, in which 
 was found the skeleton of a man with a bullet hole through his head. 
 
 Q. Do you know of any noted banditti who were reputed to have 
 frequented the place in the early days ? 
 
 A. Yes, the notorious Yasquez. 
 
 Q. What can you state of the condition at the present time in 
 these respects as compared with the condition at that time ? 
 
 A. The present management outside of the industrial and finan- 
 cial condition of the mine takes also great interest in the condition 
 of the people and have made strenuous efforts to exclude from the 
 mining property notably obnoxious, disorderly and habitually in- 
 temperate people and also to make the non-producing class of the 
 community as small as possible. Gambling and intemperance and 
 prostitution may be carried on secretly, but is very vigorously fought 
 when it openly appears. 
 
 Q. Now what example can you give and what statement can you 
 make tending to show the present condition of the mine as compared 
 with the former lawless condition ? 
 
 A. That for some time past the community was unsupplied with a 
 Constable or any peace officer. 
 
25 
 
 Q. Now what can you say as to the industrial management and 
 the management with regard to the improvement of the condition of 
 those who reside upon the mines as to their savings and accumu- 
 lations ? What I desire to call your attention to is what has been the 
 result to the employees in the way of savings and accumulations re- 
 sulting from this management? 
 
 A. I will answer your question generally as it is asked. I would 
 state that the improvident are improvident the world over, and the 
 saving and careful get ahead. It is the same here as elsewhere. 
 Speaking of it in regard to the nationalities, I would say that the 
 Mexicans are a far more improvident and pleasure-loving race than 
 either the Cornish or the Swedes. Their saying is: "Mariana es otro 
 dia," (to-morrow is another day), and they take the sweets as they 
 come. The Cornish believe more in saving. Many of them have 
 their own houses here on the company's property, and also, I under- 
 stand, other accumulations. In this connection I would state that 
 there are a considerable number of Mexicans who also, by saving, 
 own their houses, and are saving. The number of men employed 
 in November, 1886, was 477; being contractors, 249; day pay men, 
 155; men employed by the month, 73. I submit in evidence the 
 printed rules and regulations of The Quicksilver Mining Company, 
 which are posted about the furnace works and in front of the offices 
 and the shaft houses and other conspicuous positions about the pro- 
 perty, in connection with the rules of the Miners' Fund, as already 
 stated and given in evidence. 
 
 Q. What is done to call attention to these rules of the miners 
 seeking employment by the company ? 
 
 A. They are officially required to read them or have them read 
 to them before being employed. 
 
 Q. From what sources are these rules in the main derived ? 
 
 A. In the main from the Civil Code of California. 
 
 Q. Mr. Jennings, what is the reason of that provision of rule 7, 
 which provides that an employee by the month, if he desires to quit 
 the company's service, must give one month's notice? 
 
 A. That is to protect us from the sudden leaving of a skilled em- 
 ployee whose position cannot be filled at a moment's notice. 
 
 Q. As I understand you, these positions, on account of the spe- 
 cial skill required to fill them, if one of them becomes vacant, can- 
 not be filled ordinarily, immediately ? 
 
 A. Yes; and it requires time to enable us to find a suitable man 
 to fill the vacancy, and so we require a month's notice of quitting. 
 
 Q. State whether or not during your incumbency as Superinten- 
 dent, there has been any rule requiring employees to trade at any 
 particular place, and whether there have been during your term any 
 men discharged from employment on that account ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. Mr. Jennings, in dispensing with the services of employees 
 or discharging them, does the company or its representatives give 
 any reason to the persons discharged, for discharging them? 
 
 A. No; it has been the established rule of the Manager for years 
 that he declines so doing; the reason being almost self-evident, as it 
 is not politic or advisable to enter into personal discussion which 
 
26 
 
 will lead to heated, endless and needless controversy with discharged 
 employees of such a large industrial establishment as this, and the 
 management reserves the right, and believes they have it, to employ 
 and discharge whom they please. 
 
 Q. What right has the company to the land included in this grant; 
 what title ? 
 
 A. The company have now the United States patents to the 
 whole tract. 
 
 Q. We will now discuss the improvements upon the company's 
 lands. First the roads: What is the extent ot the roads owned by 
 the company upon this grant ? 
 
 A. Al>out six or seven miles of private road constructed by the 
 company. 
 
 Q. Who maintains these roads? 
 
 A. The company. 
 
 Q. Over what kind of a country do these roads run ? 
 
 A. Over a hilly country, as shown by the map. The roads have 
 serpentine windings and declivities over which they pass. 
 
 Q. What difference in elevation is there in the one road that ex- 
 tends from the Hacienda to the American shaft ? 
 
 A. Over 1,100 feet vertically. The main part of this road was 
 constructed in the early history of the mine. 
 
 Q. 'Speaking of this grade how was it necessary to construct the 
 road for the purpose of overcoming this grade V 
 
 A. By excavations in the hillsides. The width of the road is 
 varying. For the most part there is room for two teams to pass each 
 other at a pinch, but there are places where it is dangerous. 
 
 Q. Who maintains these roads ? 
 
 A. The company. 
 
 Q. What is the expense ? 
 
 A. At least $500 for the total system of roads, per year. 
 
 Q. What means has the company provided for preventing tres- 
 passers upon its lands ? 
 
 A. Fences and a gate, such as are generally maintained about 
 private lands in this country. The company claims the right to 
 maintain fences about its property and to exclude all trespassers. 
 This company considers itself a private industrial institution, and 
 claims the right of excluding people from its property as any other 
 private individual is allowed to by the laws of the land. We under- 
 stand that that is what the right of property is, in part.^ 
 
 Q. What means of entrance and egress to the mine is furnished. 
 
 A. Through a toll gate in connection with the roads already 
 described. 
 
 Q. Are there other parties besides the manager, officers, and 
 employees of the company allowed to use this road ? 
 
 A. Yes, by obtaining permission and paying reasonable tolls. 
 It acts favorably to the interests of the people themselves on the 
 grant, inasmuch as it gives the company the power of excluding non- 
 producers, who, in almost all communities of the country are found 
 to subsist on the earnings of the workers. 
 
 Q. Is there any other reason for practicing this exclusion of 
 teams from the roads of the company ? 
 
27 
 
 A. Yes. At times when we are getting in our supply of coal and 
 timber and lagging for the mine there is great activity, especially as 
 the ore teams are continually running on these roads, and at times I 
 have noticed as high as twelve or thirteen teams at one time in going 
 up from the Hacienda to the Hill on horseback, and parties not 
 acquainted with the country would embarrass the hauling by getting 
 in positions on the road where it would be impossible to pass each 
 other. 
 
 Q. Now to meet that objection, what has been the custom 
 latterly as to who shall handle teams upon the road other than those 
 directly engaged in the business of the company ? 
 
 A. It is thought proper not to allow strangers and visitors to 
 drive themselves on the Hill, for their own best interests, and also 
 to protect the company against any lawsuit that might arise from 
 accidents, and from interference with the traffic of the company on 
 the road. A livery stable is provided here and kept by a Mr. Bohl- 
 man who supplies visitors, if they so desire, with a suitable driver 
 and reliable horses to go on these mountainous roads. 
 
 Q. State whether or not these teams hauling on this mountain 
 grade, that you state is narrow in places, wear bells. 
 
 A. Yes/ 
 
 No Coercion or Intimidation of Voters No Man Discharged for Political Reasons 
 Conclusion of Superintendent Jennings' Testimony. The taking of testimony in 
 the Sullivan-Felton contest was resumed at New Almaden yesterday morning, 
 Superintendent Jennings being still on the stand: 
 
 By Mr. CROSS : 
 
 Q. What can you say as to the employees of the company as to 
 having families or being single men ? 
 
 A. A large proportion of our employees have families here, and 
 the management desire to encourage this class of labor. 
 
 Q. What means have they provided for the housing of their em- 
 ployees having families ? 
 
 A. The cottages before alluded to, built by the company. The 
 employees can also erect dwellings of their own on the company's 
 ground, by paying a monthly ground rent of fifty cents a month. 
 
 Q. You have given some testimony that the ore bodies are scat- 
 tered and have to be prospected for; what effect would it have upon 
 the best interests of the company as to the right to prospect for and 
 develop or.e bodies in the ground if the company was parting with 
 the title to portions of its land for the erection of these cottages ? 
 
 A. I think it would be disadvantageous. 
 
 Q. .Can you state what number of cottages the company owns for 
 occupancy of its employees ? 
 
 A. More than 100 are rented to employees for the occupancy of 
 their families. 
 
 Q. What are the rents the company charges for those cottages ? 
 
28 
 
 A. From $2 to $8 per month; a fair average would be about $5 
 a month. 
 
 Q. What number of cottages on t v he company's land are owned 
 by private parties other than the company ? 
 
 A. There are 119 such houses owned by 91 different parties. 
 
 Q. How many of these are owned by the employees of the com- 
 pany ? 
 
 A. Ninety-one of them, though there are some held by old resi- 
 denters, who were formerly in the employ of the company, but are 
 not now. These are leased by such parties to employees of the 
 company. 
 
 Q. State whether or not the company encourages or discourages 
 the occupancy of cottages upon its land by other persons than those 
 who are employed by the company or directly administer to the ne- 
 cessities of those so employed ? 
 
 A. No. They do all in their power to exclude such persons. 
 
 Q Is there any exception to that ? 
 
 A. In the case of families, or those who have formerly been em- 
 ployed by the company; the families are often allowed to remain to 
 suit their own convenience until they can locate elsewhere 
 
 Q. State the material and character of these cottages furnished 
 by the company for these employees. 
 
 A. They are built of redwood with a shingle roof and board 
 partition walls as a rule (though some are plastered), and lined in 
 with such linings inside as are usually used in these climates of Cal- 
 fornia; the repairs are in the main kept up by the company. 
 
 Q. What can you say concerning the grounds, and fences, and 
 improvements about these cottages ? 
 
 A. The management desires to have them neat and orderly as far 
 as possible, and encourage in every way the people to make them so 
 by giving them cuttings of plants from the main garden, and free 
 use of whitewash and such like encouragement free of charge. 
 
 Q. State whether or not these cottages are fenced and have 
 flower gardens about them ? 
 
 A. Yes, and that is shown in the photographic exhibits already 
 presented. 
 
 Q. What is done with the rents received from the cottages that 
 belong to the company and the ground rents for such cottages ? 
 
 A. They are turned into the funds of the company and appear 
 on their books as receipts ontside of the sale of quicksilver. 
 
 Q. Mr. Jennings, can you state the nationalities of the heads of 
 families which rent houses from the company ? 
 
 A. Yes. Americans owning houses 2; French, 3; Mexicans, 38; 
 English, 48. 
 
 Q. Who owns the largest number of houses outside of the 
 company ? 
 
 A. One of the oldest residents here, Mr. Francis Meyers. He 
 owns sixteen. He was formerly one of the chief mechanics, and his 
 last hard work was in the capacity of chief carpenter and architect 
 of the Santa Isabel shafthouse building. 
 
 Q. Has he any connection whatever with the company or its 
 management ? 
 
29 
 
 A. None at the present time. 
 
 Q. Make a statement of the water supply for the residents in 
 these cottages. 
 
 A. The water supply for the Hill cottages is one of the purest I 
 know of anywhere. The water is taken from an adjacent mountain 
 ravine, some two or three miles away, and is conducted in iron pipes 
 up and down declivities, and is disbursed and distributed to the 
 various shafts for the use of generating steam power, and is also 
 distributed at different prominent and easy accessible points to the 
 cottages from large tanks. 
 
 Q. What about protection from fire in connection with this water 
 supply ? 
 
 A. A hydrant is placed near the central portion of the English 
 camp, with the water under pressure of over 100 feet with large sup- 
 ply tanks in case of necessity. 
 
 Q. What price does each cottage pay for water? 
 
 A. Fifty cents a month. This water system was established some- 
 where about 1881 or 1882, at a cost to the company of $15,000. Be- 
 fore this system was in use the company had made efforts to put in 
 tanks at some points, by leading the water from adjacent and local 
 springs to one or two places in the camp, but it was comparatively 
 inconvenient for the people, as they would have to carry the water 
 some distance, and in the Spanish camp it was even necessary for 
 the cottagers to supply themselves with water by purchasing water 
 from a Mexican water-carrier in the early times the water being 
 transferred in little barrels on burros. 
 
 Q. Who owns the buildings in which the business of merchan- 
 dizing is carried on, on this grant ? 
 
 A. The Quicksilver Mining Company. 
 
 Q. Who owns the business and stock of merchandise handled in 
 those stores, and who conducts the business ? 
 
 A. The stores are leased to Messrs. Derby and Lowe directly 
 from the New York office, the lease being signed by the President o*f 
 the company there. Messrs. Derby and Lowe sell provisions and 
 other merchandise to the employees and other persons on the com- 
 pany's grant, and outsiders who desire to trade with them, and they 
 do not furnish the supplies or materials used by The Quicksilver 
 Mining Company, except in small quantities. Messrs. Derby and 
 Lowe have in no way any control over the employees of this com- 
 pany, as the management is alone invested with the power of employ 
 and discharge. Messrs. Derby and Lowe are private individuals, 
 and in my whole term of office I have never in one solitary instance 
 discharged a man at the request of either Messrs. Derby or Lowe, 
 and I have received no formal complaint from the employees against 
 their prices. 
 
 Q. Have Messrs. Derby and Lowe any other connection with the 
 company except that they lease stores from the company ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q . Ho-w many stores do they lease ? 
 
 A. Two stores, with store houses and cellars. 
 
 Q. Mr. Jennings, you may state anything you may know of the 
 Boleto system, so called, as practiced at those stores? 
 
30 
 
 A. The Boleto system arises in this way : The company pay but 
 once a month, at a regular pay-day. That pay-day is well known to 
 employees; and in the whole history of Mr. Randol's management 
 that pay-day has not been missed in one solitary instance. The 
 company make no provision to advance men pay before the regular 
 pay-day, but if the men desire advances they get them at the store; 
 the store gives no credit on goods, but issues orders payable in goods 
 at their store; these orders are printed on small pieces of card-board 
 and called boletos. These orders when advanced to them are 
 charged against them by the store-keepers on their books, and the 
 amount charged against each man is reported to the company at the 
 company's main office before pay-day, and the money thus advanced 
 by Derby & Lowe for the convenience of the employees themselves 
 is refunded to Messrs. Derby & Lowe by The Quicksilver Mining 
 Company. 
 
 Q. How many butcher shops are there on the grant ? 
 
 A. There are two butcher shops on the grant; one at the lower 
 camp called the Hacienda and the other at the Hill camp in Spanish 
 town; the butcher also supplies the inhabitants by means of a regu- 
 lar butcher cart or delivery wagon. These butcher shops are leased 
 at the present time to Mr. Dulion. 
 
 Q. How many stables are there on the company's land ? 
 
 A. There are quite a number of stables that are made use of by 
 the main contractor Bohlman, who does our hauling of all descrip- 
 tions by contract. It is found by experience that it is better to con- 
 centrate all this work in the hands of one reliable party rather than 
 several, and Mr. Bohlman has numerous teamsters and over 100 
 head of horses in connection with his work, but the only relationship 
 that this company have with Mr. Bohlman is that of a contractor and 
 lessor. 
 
 Q, Are any of these stables so leased to and occupied by Mr. 
 Bohlman's livery stables ? 
 
 A. One is. 
 
 Q. What provision is made for furnishing board and rooms to 
 such employees of the company as have no families of their own with 
 whom to reside, upon the grant ? 
 
 A. There are several boarding houses on the grant which are 
 managed by different parties. The party that has the boarding- 
 house at the lower camp is a Mrs. Hancock, whose husband was 
 killed in a sad mining accident some years ago; and the main board- 
 house on the Hill is conducted by Mrs. Robins, and there is also a 
 Mexican boarding-house. These boarding-houses are leased to the 
 occupants by the company. 
 
 Q. How many employees of the company are accommodated at 
 these boarding houses? 
 
 A. It is a very variable matter because the single men class of 
 labor is the most fluctuating. At present about a hundred. 
 
 Q. What rates do they pay for board ? 
 
 A. Seventy-five cents a day I believe for table board. If they 
 room at the boarding-house about ten cents additional per day. 
 
 Q. On what condition are vegetable peddlers allowed to go upon 
 the grant? 
 
31 
 
 A. Vegetable peddlers have been allowed the privilege by simply 
 paying ordinary toll for their class of vehicle, and on their showing 
 themselves reliable parties for the employees to deal with. 
 
 Q. What privileges have the occupants of the cottage outside of 
 the cottages and land referred to in connection with the cottages ? 
 
 A. They are allowed the pasturage of their live stock on the 
 company's grant. I think there must be altogether say nearly 200 
 head of stock thus pastured upon the company's ground. 
 
 Q. How are the materials and supplies for the mine obtained ? 
 
 A. There are various kinds of supplies that we need, and they 
 are purchased here and in San Francisco, as is most favorable for 
 the company. All such supplies as foundry work, and steel, iron, 
 candles, hardware, fuse, powder, etc., are bought by the Manager 
 in San Francisco, who has a reputation there as a very close buyer 
 for the company. 
 
 Q. How is the wood and timber used at the mine obtained ? 
 
 A. That is obtained by contract made by the Superintendent 
 with such parties as have such material to sell in this vicinity. The 
 coal is bought by the Manager in shipload quantities. We are now 
 consuming over 5,000 tons a year at the different engines. 
 
 Q. How is it transported to the mine from the ship ? 
 
 A. Formerly it was sent to San Jose, but now since we have 
 railroad communication it is taken from the ship to the terminus 
 here, where it is deposited in bunkers and is taken thence by our 
 contractor, Mr. Bohlman, at stated and regulated prices to different 
 portions of the company's property as needed. 
 
 Q. What is the distance from the nearest railroad stations to this 
 point on the mine where we are now taking testimony ? 
 
 A. About two miles. 
 
 Q. How many different railroads from San Francisco and San 
 Jose have stations at a distance of two miles from this point or a 
 little over ? 
 
 A. Two different railroad systems. They have regular daily pas- 
 senger and freight trains on both lines. 
 
 Q. What quantities of ore are annually transported to the furna- 
 ces from the different portions of the mine ? 
 
 A. About 40,000 tons per year. 
 
 Q. Calling your attention to election and political matters, state 
 whether or not during your term of office, Mr. Randol, the Manager, 
 has ever communicated to you any directions, instructions or re- 
 quests, or officially dictated to you with regard to how you or any 
 of the employees of the mine should vote at any election for na- 
 tional, State or local officers? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. During that time have you ever given any directions, instruct- 
 ions or intimations to any of the officers or employees under you as 
 to how you or the Manager wished any one to vote at any election 
 for national, State or local officers ? 
 
 A. No.. 
 
 Q. Who alone has power to discharge men ? 
 
 A. I have the absolute supervision of the discharge of all the men. 
 
 Q. Since you have been Superintendent of this mine has any 
 
32 
 
 man ever been discharged from the employ of the company on ac- 
 count of the manner in which he had voted or intended to vote, or 
 on account of any political reason ? 
 
 A. I have never so discharged a man. 
 
 Q. To what party does Mr. Randol belong ? 
 
 A. Mr. Raniiol affiliates with the Republican party. 
 
 Q. Where had Mr. Randol been from the time of the political 
 conventions up to the election held in November, 1886 ? 
 
 A. He had been in the East, out of the State entirely. 
 
 Q. How long had he been back at the mine before election day ? 
 
 A. I believe he returned here the day before the election. 
 
 Q. Did you have any political talk with him the night before 
 election ? 
 
 A. Yes, we always discussed politics in a personal manner, hu- 
 morously, in which connection, the night before election, he told 
 me he thought there were very few important issues involved in the 
 election, and it was very immaterial to him how the election went. 
 
 Q. With what party do you affiliate and with what party have you 
 affiliated in the past? 
 
 A. The absorbing nature and responsibilities of my duties here 
 have prevented me from even the possibility of taking much interest 
 in politics. Just before election I read the papers on both sides, 
 and unfortunately I see that one partisan paper will make one man 
 a villain and the other partisan paper will make the other man a 
 villaip, and it is very annoying and trying to me to make up my 
 mind as between villains, though in truth they may be all most hon- 
 orable men. The place of my birth, Kentucky, gives me a kind of 
 leaning towards Democracy, but I also graduated at Harvard Uni- 
 versity which is thought to be a kind of hot bed of the Mugwumps, 
 and so I may. be perhaps a little tainted that way myself. I have 
 scratched unmercifully. I fear that my individual politics had very 
 little weight at the election of November, 1886. I know it as a pos- 
 itive fact that my main political idea had but little weight here then. 
 I know it from the fact I cast at this precinct the only vote for the 
 head of the American party ticket. 
 
 Q. Have you any knowledge of any individual or official efforts 
 being made by any officers of this company at the election of Novem- 
 ber, 1886, against Mr. Sullivan personallv ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. What do you know about the politics of Messrs. Derby and 
 Lowe, who have been attacked in this contest? 
 
 A. Mr. Lowe is a Republican and Mr. Derby a Democrat. 
 
 Q. There has been some evidence given on the part of the con- 
 testant, tending to show that you were about the polls a good deal 
 of the time that day; state the facts in regard to that matter. 
 
 A. In fact, as far as I know, I was very little at the polls, but in 
 order to go from my dwelling to my office I had of necessity to pass 
 the place, as the sidewalk leading thereby was the only way of getting 
 there. I probably thus passed the polls two or three times during 
 the day, and once in company with Mr. Randol; I believe that is 
 the time the witness testified seeing me; altogether I suppose I must 
 
33 
 
 have been about the polling place a half or at most three-quarters of 
 an hour during the day. 
 
 Q. "Did you, yourself, or did Mr. Eandol in your presence, do 
 anything to influence, control or coerce, or intimidate any voting 
 employee at that election ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. How were the members of the election board of that election 
 appointed ? 
 
 A. In the usual manner prescribed by the Code. 
 
 Q. What is the distance by the road, approximately, from the 
 English and Mexican camps to the polling place ? 
 
 A. I should estimate over three miles to the Mexican camp, and 
 two miles and a half to the English. 
 
 Q, What means were provided for such employees of the company 
 as desired to vote, to travel from the Mexican and English camps to 
 the polling place ? 
 
 A. The men were brought down in stages from the Hill to near 
 the polls. 
 
 Q. What is it to the men themselves to be brought down and 
 returned in stages ? 
 
 A. That they thus had an opportunity of all voting and returning 
 to the occupation at which they are ordinarily engaged. 
 
 Q. What would be the effect on the ability of the men to perform 
 further work that day if they walked down and up the Hill instead 
 of riding ? 
 
 A. I do not think they would be in as good a condition for wprk 
 as if they had a conveyance, nor could they do it in as quick time. 
 
 Q. State what was the position where the Great Register hung 
 on that day ? 
 
 A. It is right near the edge of the bridge towards the store, 
 nearly 40 feet from the 100-foot limit, outside of the limit. 
 
 Q. Some testimony has been given concerning Mr. Bulmore 
 having a book about the polls in which he wrote. State what you 
 know about that book ? 
 
 A. Mr. Bulmore's book is an alphabetical list containing the 
 name of every voter in this precinct with his register number. Mr. 
 Bulmore so far as I know, had no reason for having this book other 
 than to facilitate the voting of the men as they came down, or came 
 about the polls. 
 
 Q. How was that a convenience to the men for him to have a 
 book alphabetically arranged, with the Great Register number of 
 each voter opposite his name ? 
 
 A. They could find their names quicker in this book than they 
 could from the Great Register. Some Mexicans also are not able to 
 read English, and required assistance in this matter. 
 
 Q. Some testimony has been offered in this case by Mr. Kennett. 
 Did you know Mr. Keunett ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. Did he quit the employ of the company after you came here ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. Do you know whether or not he has applied to the company 
 for employment since that time ? 
 3 
 
34 
 
 A. I do. 
 
 Q. What evidence have you which you can present concerning 
 that matter ? 
 
 A. I have three letters, originals, which I desire to read. The 
 first is dated : 
 
 ALAMEDA, Gal., May 13, 1885. 
 
 To J. B. Randol, Esq., Manager DEAR SIR: Can I obtain employ- 
 ment with you at New Almaden or elsewhere. 
 
 Very respectfully, 
 
 F. B. KENNETT. 
 The reply was : 
 
 SAN FRANCISCO, May 14, 1885. 
 
 F. B. Kennett, Esq., Alameda, Gal. DEAR SIR: Keplying to your 
 note of yesterday, I regret that it is impossible for me to give you 
 employment at present. Yours truly, 
 
 J. B. BANDOL. 
 The next is dated : 
 
 ALAMEDA, May 17, 1885. 
 
 J. B. Randol, Esq., Manager DEAR SIR: Your favor of 14th re- 
 ceived; I desire to state that in the event of your requiring my ser- 
 vices I will be pleased to engage with you for as long a term as you 
 may desire, and pledge myself to a careful attention to your interests. 
 
 Yery respectfully, 
 
 F. B. KENNETT. 
 
 Q. Was all of that correspondence subsequent to that date when 
 Mr. % Kennett was last in the employ of the company ? 
 
 A. Yes, I have before stated that I took the position of Superin- 
 tendent here in September, 1884, and Mr. Kennett left I think the 
 latter part of the same year. 
 
 Q. James Beedy has given some testimony in this case in which 
 he states that he was discharged by Mr. Bandol from his position as 
 coachman for political reasons. Will you state what you know about 
 Mr. Beedy's discharge and the cause of it ? 
 
 A. I know about the cause of his last discharge, but I understand 
 that there were numerous discharges he claims to have had here, 
 but I know about the last. That was soon after taking my present 
 position here, Mr. Reedy, as I understand it from Mr. Bandcl and 
 others, bought a horse for The Quicksilver Mining Company, or at 
 least aided in the purchase of a horse for The Quicksilver Mining 
 Company, known as Dixie; this horse was finally thought by Mr. 
 Bandol, and for good reasons, to be tricky and dangerous, and Mr. 
 Beedy had never informed him of the nature of the animal, although 
 he drove Mr. Bandol's little children and wife out with it. After 
 discovering the nature of the horse Mr. Beedy was discharged, and 
 the subsequent career of the horse was such that there could be no 
 doubt about its disposition. He was put into a four-horse team and 
 started the whole four horses running away and some portions of the 
 wagon were injured and one or two of the horses hurt; in fact Dixie 
 himself was so disabled that he was sold for half the original price 
 paid for him. 
 
 Q. In what capacities was Mr. Beedy employed about the mine 
 after that? 
 
35 
 
 A. Mr. Beedy had a very large family here, and appealed to our 
 sympathy, and was allowed to remain in the company's house after 
 he had obtained employment of Mr. Frank Bohlman, the contractor 
 for the teaming here, and I believe drove his team, but had some 
 trouble with Mr. Bohlman which I do not know personally. After 
 the trouble with Mr. Bohlman he left the camp owing the company 
 for house rent $26. He never paid that rent to this day. 
 
 Q. Did his family remove from the property immediately after 
 his discharge ? 
 
 A. No; his family remained here until he had sought employment 
 elsewhere; until he got a house in San Jose for them. 
 
 Q. Some testimony given on the part of the contestant seems to 
 be an attack upon you personally and your conduct in connection 
 with the property. What have you to say in regard to that matter. 
 
 A. I desire to say here, that, feeling conscious of my integrity 
 and good purposes, and feeling sure that any of my personal ac- 
 quaintances, whose good opinion I would care to keep, would not 
 believe such statements of me, from such unreliable sources. I do 
 not care to make any further defense against such scurrilous attacks; 
 and those who do not know me who examine the testimony intro- 
 duced, will, I believe, be satisfied that that testimony refutes itself. 
 
 Q. Mr. Jennings, what statement do you desire to make in regard 
 to the general character and purposes of the management of this 
 mine. 
 
 A. I desire to state here and rather generally that I know of no 
 branch of mining industry that has been carried on on this coast on 
 such purely industrial grounds as this one, and which has attempted 
 to administer so largely to the wants and affairs of their employees 
 as this; that the purpose and intention of the management has been 
 kindly towards its employees. 
 
 Q. State whether or not the local management has been in any 
 way interested in, or dealing in the stocks of this company, or 
 whether the management has been conducted with any reference to 
 affecting the values of the stocks, irrespective as it should naturally 
 result from the industrial management and profits of the mine ? 
 
 A. I am of the firm belief that J. B. KandoJ, as Manager, has 
 never in any way, with the reports or published statements, or other- 
 wise tried to influence the stock values and that the management 
 though conservative has been generous in its official reports to its 
 stockholders, and to those who have a right to know its business. 
 It has heretofore thought it good policy to keep much of its business 
 and its policy to itself, but such widespread notoriety has been given 
 to the attacks of the contestant upon this management, that as men, 
 and also to make a right showing before some of their stockholders 
 who may not have ready access to all their records here, the fore- 
 going plain statement of the facts of the business of this company 
 has been given to the world, and I think very liberally. 
 
Evidence of Dr. Thome, President of the State Medical Society Well-Clad, Housed 
 and Fed Skillful Medical Attendance for the Miner and His Family at One Dollar 
 per Month. 
 
 TESTIMONY OF DR. W. S. THORNE. 
 
 By Mr. CROSS: 
 
 Q. Where do you reside ? 
 
 A. In San Jose. I am a physician and surgeon. I am 46 years 
 old. I have resided at San Jose or in its vicinity since 1858. 
 
 Q. How long have you known the New Almaden Quicksilver 
 Mine? 
 
 A. I have known the Almaden Quicksilver Mines since that time . 
 I came here first to this mine in 1858. 
 
 Q. Have you any idea as to the number of people resident upon 
 this property at that time ? 
 
 A. Between 1,500 and 1,600 people. Approximately the same 
 number of population there is now. 
 
 Q. State what was the social and industrial condition of the 
 people upon this property at that time. 
 
 A. I can speak of the mine from my own personal knowledge 
 since the first day of May, 1869. The social condition of this mine 
 at that time was very bad. 
 
 Q. What was the general reputation of the class of people who 
 resided here at that time ? 
 
 A. Exceedingly bad. As to their morals and their reputation for 
 good order, they were largely a turbulent, criminal class of people 
 in those days. 
 
 Q. State what changes and improvements have been made in the 
 social condition of the people residing upon the grant since the time 
 Mr. J. B. Eandol has been manager ? 
 
 A. I have been visiting this mine for the last eighteen years; it 
 will be eighteen years the first day of next month since I began to 
 visit this mine as a physician visiting physician coming regularly; 
 the rest of the time I have done a consulting practice there with the 
 local medical incumbents, or making medical visits as occasion re- 
 quired, and knowing the people intimately as I do, I can state from 
 my own personal knowledge, that there have been noticeable pro- 
 gressive changes in the character of this population from that day to 
 this. With reference to the medical department, I can say that 
 these people in old days when I came here, were at the mercy of 
 chance or accident. When they met with accidents here they gen- 
 erally died for want of medical care ; they were too poor to send to 
 San Jose to get a competent surgeon, and I know of my own personal 
 knowledge that many in cases of accidents and disease died here from 
 
37 
 
 lack of medical care; the medical men could not come so far without 
 remuneration, and these people were unable to pay them, and the 
 consequence was that under the old regime these people died of 
 disease and accidents which occurred to them in the mine, for want 
 of proper medical and surgical treatment. 
 
 Q. State what improvement has been made under Mr. Randol's 
 management, and by what means in that regard ? 
 
 A. Shortly after Mr.'Bandol became manager of this mine he se- 
 cured the services of a very competent physician who became the 
 local medical attendant to the mine, and who was extremely conscien- 
 tious and intelligent in the discharge of his duties as physician to the 
 mine; I was frequently in consultation with him and I know that from 
 that time the men had very careful and skillful attention. Doctor A. 
 E. Randol, Dr. Hopkins, Doctor Cochrane, myself and Doctor S. E. 
 Winn have been successively the resident local physician of the mine. 
 Doctor Winn came to this mine about September, 1879. 
 
 Q. What have you to say as to the qualifications and character 
 of Doctor Winn for the position ? 
 
 A. Doctor Winn is one of the most competent physicians within 
 the circle of my medical acquaintance, which extends all over the 
 State; I know all of the prominent physicians in San Francisco. I 
 know all of the prominent physicians in all the towns of the State. 
 As president of the State Medical Society of California, I know all 
 of the most prominent medical men in the State from its southern 
 extremity to its northern confines and can conscientiously say he is 
 one of the most competent men I know of. 
 
 Q. Doctor, during the period of time that you speak of when 
 yourself, Dr. Cochrane, Dr. Hopkins and Dr. Winn held the position 
 of resident physician and surgeon at this mine, what method has 
 been used to compensate the regular physician for his services to 
 the miners and their families ? 
 
 A. The position is sustained by what is called a "Miners' Fund," 
 which arises and is sustained by voluntary contributions from those 
 actively engaged in the employment of the mine. 
 
 Q. Doctor, from your experience and observation of such matters, 
 what would you say as to the economy or reasonableness of the med- 
 ical attendance to the employees and their families, at the rate of $1 
 per month for each employee and his family ? 
 
 A. I would consider it extremely economical and advantageous, 
 and consider such an arrangement extremely beneficient in its oper- 
 ation to the members who contribute to the fund ? 
 
 Q. In underground mining operations are there frequent occasions 
 for the employment of surgical skill ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. What would you say as to the uniform charge of $5.00 as pro- 
 vided by the rules of the ''Miners' Fund" in cases of accouchment? 
 
 A. I should say that was one-fifth of the minimum charges usually 
 charged. 
 
 Q. Doctor, from your acquaintance with the employees of this 
 mine and your observation at their homes and with the ordinary la- 
 boring classes of other communities of California with which you are 
 familiar, what would you say as to the comfort, intelligence and lo- 
 
38 
 
 cal surroundings of the employees here as compared with the same 
 classes of laborers in other communities that you are familiar with ? 
 
 A. They are the best that I have ever seen, and I have been ac- 
 quainted with mining camps in California and Nevada for the last 
 thirty years. 
 
 Q. What would you say as to their comfort, their homes, cloth- 
 ing and food, as compared with the laboring classes of other com- 
 munities with which you are familiar ? 
 
 A. It is the best I have ever seen. 
 
 Q . During the time that you were physician for the mine and 
 since the Miners' Fund was established what can you say, if anything, 
 with regard to what other classes of disbursement were made from 
 this fund besides the disbursements for medical attendance ? 
 
 A. Well, co-eval with the establishment of this fund, they estab- 
 lished on the Hill a first-class apothecary shop to dispense the reme- 
 dies to the people. The quality of the drugs and prescriptions dis- 
 pensed at that dispensary were the best that could be had on this 
 Coast, and during my time they charged nothing for them. 
 
 Q. What effect upon the number of cases of salivation and the 
 degree of those cases was effected by the improvement in the fur- 
 naces by Mr. Eandol ? 
 
 A. I can answer that in a general way, that salivation became 
 very much less, and during the last few years it has almost become 
 extinct, except in cases of utter carelessness, without the fault of the 
 furnace or the management. 
 
 Q. In your early acquaintance with the mine and the people resi- 
 dent upon it, what were the principal nationalities employed at the 
 mine? 
 
 A. Mexican, Cornish or English miners, with a sprinkling of 
 American and other nationalities, including Irish, and in former 
 times they used to employ some Chinese. During Mr. Eandol's ad- 
 ministration I think that there has been a very large increase in the 
 white, and the Mexican element has decreased. 
 
 Q. At the time you came to the State in 1858, was not the condi- 
 tion of society socially, and so far as the labor interests were con- 
 cerned in California, very much more crude and less developed than 
 at present, Doctor, throughout the entire State so far as you your- 
 self were acquainted, and very much lower in its condition than at 
 present ? 
 
 A. It is my impression from my knowledge of California I came 
 to this country in 1857, and went to the mines after remaining in San 
 Francisco three months. I worked in the mines, and it is my im- 
 pression that in the early days of California, the very best labor 
 element that this commonwealth has ever seen was then in the field, 
 both intellectually and every other way; I met doctors and lawyers 
 and statesmen and judges, men who subsequently became distin- 
 guished in the law, distinguished in politics, men who afterwards 
 went to Congress, were all co-laborers in the mines; men who become 
 distinguished judges, were laboring with their hands in the mines, 
 and your distinguished witness was there laboring also. 
 
 Q. Then as I understand you, Doctor, the Almaden Mine at that 
 time was an exception to the rule as you found it, and had a much 
 
39 
 
 lower class of labor and population within its boundaries than any 
 other mining establishment that you were acquainted with ? 
 
 A. It did most emphatically. 
 
 Q. Why was that so far as you are able to determine or now can 
 state ? 
 
 A. Because they had a class of Spanish peons here, and many of 
 them renegades from justice; they were murderers and thieves, and 
 Almaden at that time was a rendez-vous for the worst elements of this 
 State. They came here in hiding from every part of the State, and 
 if any man knows what a Mexican peon is he knows that the word 
 means slave; that is what those people were, and they were in those 
 days the chief controlling labor element of this mine. 
 
 Q. "Was Santa Clara County in its condition as to labor and so- 
 ciability at that time as far advanced as at present ? 
 
 Q. (By Dr. THOBNE) : Do you mean as to the men who labored 
 with their hands in those days ? 
 
 (By Mr. CROSS) : No, the general condition, the social atmos- 
 phere and the surroundings and conditions of the labor element. 
 
 Q. Then, as I understand you, there was somewhat of a chaotic 
 condition, socially, and as far as the labor interests were concerned 
 at that time, as compared with the present in Santa Clara county? 
 
 A. In Santa Clara county in those days, so far as I know I was 
 a boy in those days and I was more interested in my rod and gun 
 and horseback riding than I was in society something I never knew 
 anything about but I know there were very respectable people and 
 wealthy people lived in the country. I never attended a party in 
 those days or social gathering. I know we had good law and good 
 order in the county; our distinguished friend John Murphy was 
 sheriff, and if John could not kill a fellow by hanging him he would 
 drink him to death, but I can only say that we had good society and 
 very respectable people in the county in those days, but of course 
 society was not stratified as it is in these days, and it takes a long 
 time to make a thoroughly civilized and polite community. 
 
 Q. What, as you now remember, Doctor, were the moving causes 
 on Mr. Eandol's part to improve the condition of the miners ? 
 
 A. I believe that they resulted in accordance with the character 
 of the man. He is a progressive man; he is a man the whole ten- 
 dency of whose business life, so far as I am acquainted with him, so 
 far as my experience goes, has been to systematize, to produce order 
 out of chaos, and institute good order where formerly there existed 
 extravagant waste and bad management. I believe I have never had 
 any conversations with him on the subject, but I believe they re- 
 sulted on his part purely from humanitarian motives. If there is 
 any doubt I would give him the benefit of that doubt. 
 
 Q. Then, as a matter of fact, I gather this inference from what 
 you state, that salivation has not been a chronic trouble at this mine ? 
 A. No, I cannot say that it has been. I have seen some very 
 bad cases of salivation here; very bad; the worst that I ever saw; 
 but in those cases which I treated they were cases where the men 
 had done things that they were not required to do, and foolish 
 things, and in fact things that they knew they ought not to do, and 
 we put a stop to it. 
 
40 
 
 Q. So far as you have observed it is kind of natural when a can- 
 didate for political office has been defeated to lay it to something 
 else besides the fact that the people did not want to elect him is it 
 not so ? 
 
 A.. Well, lam not sufficiently acquainted with political candidates 
 to answer that question. I have had very little to do with politics or 
 politicians. 
 
 Q. So far as you have observed has it not been kind of customary 
 for candidates for office in Santa Clara County and elsewhere to 
 wrestle pretty lively for votes about election time ? 
 
 A. That has been my experience, my limited experience. 
 
 Q. Now Doctor, you were speaking about your experience here 
 with a class of diseases and accidents that have required treat- 
 ment and the kind of patients that you have treated. Have you in 
 your experience or observation here, known of any defeated candi- 
 date for office, except Mr. Sullivan, seeking a quicksilver mine to 
 obtain mercurial treatment for a political sore ? 
 
 A. No, I will answer that in the negative. 
 
 Q. Would you from your medical experience and knowledge of 
 this locality suggest that a candidate under such circumstances could 
 work in the mine on the Hill or about the furnace at the Hacienda ? 
 
 A. I do not know. I would recommend him to try again and not 
 try medicine at all. Just try the open air I am not much of an 
 advocate of medicine although I am a practitioner. 
 
 Q . Would you suggest that when he tried twice and got defeated, 
 and become satisfied that he could not get in by the votes of the 
 people, that he had better try it by a contest ? 
 
 A. You are asking me q uestions that I am not able to answer. 
 
 Q. Doctor, from your knowledge of this mine, the people living 
 upon it, and its management, and the rumors that you have heard, 
 and the sources from which they came, what is your belief as to 
 whether or not the voters of Almaden precinct at the last election 
 were affected by coercion or intimidation, or other improper influ- 
 ences on the part of the management of the mine. 
 
 A. You ask me for my personal belief in this matter ? In my 
 own opinion I do not think it was. My opinion is, asl was dis- 
 cussing with a gentleman in my house some months ago, respect- 
 ting the same matter, I maintain that view, and in my inter- 
 course with the people of this mine for the last eighteen years, I 
 have never to my own knowledge seen the slightest intimation of 
 anything of the kind, and indeed I have made some inquiry of the 
 people at this mine within the last twelve months respecting that 
 matter, and I have never yet found a man who said he was coerced 
 or influenced, and I know that some of them were men who voted 
 the Democratic ticket. 
 
 Q. So far as you know those who have claimed that there were 
 any intimidation of voters here were either disappointed candidates 
 or those who sympathized with Mr. Kearney at that time ? 
 
 A. Yes; I have met people for the last 18 years who have been 
 discharged from this mine and one that I know was extremely vitu- 
 perative, he charged Mr. Eandol and the management with all sorts 
 of things, but he never charged that there was any political corrup- 
 
Dr. S. E. "Winn's Experience He always voted the Democratic Ticket Openly No 
 Coercion or Undue Influence Testimony of Mr. O'Brion, who has voted the Dem- 
 ocratic Ticket for 22 years. 
 
 TESTIMONY OF DR. S. E. WINN. 
 
 By Mr. CROSS: 
 
 Q. What position do you liold at the Almaden Mine ? 
 
 A. I am resident physician and surgeon, since the first day of 
 September, 1879. It is a salaried position $400 a month, paid out 
 of the Miners' Fund. 
 
 Q. How is that fund made up ? 
 
 A. By contributions; each employee of the company on the pay 
 roll is required to pay one dollar a month into the general fund 
 known as the Miners' Fund, and but of that my salary is paid with 
 other expenses. The druggist gets a salary out of it, and it is then 
 applied for the buying of medicine, and also for the relief of the 
 indigent poor, and also when men are hurt in the mine. When they 
 are wounded and injured in various ways at the mine, if they are 
 not able to pay their board, their board is paid out of it, and all their 
 supplies are furnished them and paid for out of that fund. It also 
 furnishes two hospitals for those who are injured in the mine, one 
 in the Mexican camp and the other in the English camp on the Hill. 
 I have held the position of resident physician since the first day of 
 September, 1879. 
 
 Q. State what your duties are, and what services you perform as 
 resident physician, for this pay of $400 per month. 
 
 A. I am required to reside at the mine. I reside on the 
 Hill from the fact that by far the largest part of my work is there 
 (the greatest number of inhabitants), and more accidents happen 
 there, and I am required to be here in readiness to attend to all calls, 
 whether for injuries or disease. In the morning I remain at home 
 until eight o'clock, in order to receive messages from different fami- 
 lies that may need me throughout the day. It is generally understood 
 that they send for me at that time, so that I can lay out the work and 
 accomplish it with more success and with better results to them. After 
 eight o'clock I spend the hours from that until eleven, in visiting the 
 patients on the Hill. From eleven to twelve each day I have an 
 office hour on the Hill, and there I receive all of those that come for 
 treatment to the office, and if longer time is needed than the hour, 
 I remain longer, but in the main try to get through within the hour, 
 if possible, and have other cases to wait there, because I have an 
 office hour at the Hacienda from half-past twelve to half-past one, so 
 as to be here at least a half hour while the men are off duty, so that 
 that they can consult me at the office here. I devote my time ex- 
 
43 
 
 chisively to this employment, except rarely in cases of emergency, 
 as a matter of humanity. 
 
 Q. You speak of some portion of the fund being devoted to sup- 
 plying indigent persons with means and with necessaries. Who deter- 
 mines who should be supplied with those things ? 
 
 A. Soon after I came here Mr. Eandol told me he wanted me to 
 look after that matter and see that there was no actual want at the 
 mine among the employees or the inhabitants here. Wherever I 
 have found such actual want I gave orders for supplies to the amount 
 that I think necessary to meet the needs of each particular case. It 
 was left to me to judge as to the merits of the cases; since that time 
 I have given orders. There is hardly a week but what I give orders 
 for provisions and supplies very few weeks if any, and sometimes 
 a number of orders in one week for 'supplies to persons that really 
 need it; and those orders are honored and paid by order of Mr. Ban- 
 dol, trustee of the fund. I keep records and they show over 5,000 
 professional calls and consultations per year. There is hardly a day 
 but what there is more or less surgery to attend to; men are getting 
 injured every day, for instance during the last week I have had one 
 case of a man that run a drill through his foot, and another that run 
 the sharp end of a crowbar through his hand, and another that had 
 a thumb mashed off at the first joint, and a number other cases^such 
 as scalp wounds and fractures resulting from accidents incident to 
 the business of mining. 
 
 Q. State whether or not, Doctor, during your term of service 
 here upon the mine you have become familiar with the condition of 
 the people of the mine as to their methods of living, their economic 
 arrangements and household affairs and domestic matters. 
 
 A. I am at the house of almost every one in the camp. Dur- 
 ing the seven years and a half or more that I have been here, I 
 have been called, I suppose, in all the families that are here, unless 
 some very recent ones. As regards the houses in which they live in 
 the English camp I think that the majority of the houses are owned 
 by the employees, they pay a ground rent, as I have heard, as a pro- 
 tection to the company and their property, more for that than for 
 any gain out of it, and a man who builds or buys a house that is on 
 the ground, that house is his property, which he can sell when 
 he leaves or dispose of it any way he likes, and the majority of the 
 English people live in their own houses that way, and they keep 
 them in the main in good repair; and I have been frequently pre- 
 sent when their meals were served, they seem to live on good food; 
 they attend church, they are great church-goers and they are 
 well dressed there do not seem to be any wants in that regard. 
 I think you will find the people who attend the church on the Hill 
 about as well dressed as you will find them in any town of this size, 
 at any rate in any town that I have lived in of course this is speak- 
 ing of the English people; the Mexican people are not as provident 
 as the English people; do not make as good use ot' their earnings; 
 the houses are very good for this climate; there are some private 
 parties that own houses there and these houses are not kept in as 
 good repair as the company's houses; and as regards their living in 
 comparison with the populations of the same class of other localities 
 
44 
 
 I think they live as well. That is the English people; the Mexican 
 people, as I said before, are not as thrifty on the same amount of 
 earnings; I have never lived in a community where there was a 
 Mexican population before, and it does not come up to the way of 
 English living because they are not as frugal and as careful of 
 what they make. 
 
 Q. Doctor, have you made any photographic views of objects in 
 the New Almaden Mine ? 
 
 A. Yes; made quite a number of them during the last three or 
 four years. I made all of the negatives myself. (Dr. Winn here 
 presents a volume of fifty views of improvements, localities, machi- 
 nery and works at the mine, including underground mining views 
 taken by artificial light.) 
 
 Q. Doctor, have you ever vo'ted at this precinct ? 
 
 A. I have. 
 
 Q. How many years ? 
 
 A. Ever since 1880. 
 
 Q. Doctor, have you ever seen anything going on here at elections 
 like intimidation or coercion, or the exercise of undue influence with 
 regard to how the vote should be cast ? 
 
 A. I come to the polls cast my vote here and go back to my bus- 
 iness, so I can only speak for myself. I have never had any intimi- 
 dation offered me, and I have never had any person ask me to vote 
 one way or the other. 
 
 Q. So far as you are concerned you have always been, independent 
 of any of the managers of the mine ? 
 
 A. Entirely so, entirely so; not even one man has asked me, or 
 suggested to me that one man would be a good man for the mine to 
 vote for; never had any influence of that sort exerted or attempted. 
 
 Q. With what political party do you usually act ? 
 
 A. I vote the Democratic ticket. Since I have been here I have 
 voted for Hancock, for Cleveland, for Stoneman and Bartlett, for 
 Tully and for Sullivan. 
 
 Q. In the main, you vote the ticket of that party ? 
 
 A. Yes, but there are some local and judicial officers that I vote 
 for on the other side. 
 
 Q. . You exercise you personal preference ? 
 
 A. For instance, I voted for Belden and Spencer for Superior 
 Judges because I knew them and did not know the other men, and I 
 knew they were able men. In several instances I have voted for 
 other Republicans for county office, but they are always my preference. 
 
 Q. In local matters you have exercised your personal preference 
 without reference to politics. 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. But where party issues are important, there you ally yourself 
 with the Democratic party in main? 
 
 A. I voted for Mr. Sullivan at the last election. 
 
4.5 
 
 TESTIMONY OP CHARLES F. O'BRION. 
 
 By Mr. CROSS: 
 
 Q. What is your name, age and occupation ? 
 
 A. Charles F. O'Brion, 53 years of age, my present occupation 
 is surface foreman on the Hill. I came to the mine in March, 1865, 
 five years before Mr. Kandol arrived. 
 
 Q. You may state what your occupation has been, and the posi- 
 tions you have held since that time. 
 
 A. I commenced to work for The Quicksilver Mining Company 
 on March 23, 1865, at anything that offered, at $2.50 per day; was 
 soon appointed night-watchman at $3 per night, which position I filled 
 for about three months, when I was requested to accept the position of 
 chief weigher and receiver of all ores taken from the mine. I filled 
 this place for about two months. I was then promoted to the posi- 
 tion of foreman at the main planilla, that being the principal exit of 
 nearly all the ores taken from the mine in 1865. 
 
 Q. What are the duties of the surface foreman ? 
 
 A. Collecting the house and ground rents on the Hill, keeping 
 in repair all the company's dwellings, have charge of nearly all the 
 men working on the surface and keeping their time, and keep all 
 wagon roads in repair, and attend to the cleaning, recording and 
 shipping all the ores extracted, attending generally to the ordering 
 and issuing all the material used in the mine except coal, wood and 
 timber which is contracted for at the company's office in Hacienda; 
 also looking after the sanitary condition of the Hill, such as disin- 
 fecting the camp monthly in the summer and oftener if necessary, 
 with corrosive sublimate; the cottages are well built and comforta- 
 ble; they are furnished and provided inside in very good order, they 
 have every comfort almost, carpets and curtains, and everything 
 that way, and furniture. 
 
 Q. The Mexicans coming from warm climates, do they take as 
 much pains in the matter of furnishing and keeping their houses as 
 the people whose ancestry comes from colder climates as you have 
 observed ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. What can you say as to the quality of the food which they 
 consume ? 
 
 A. They get their food at the same place that I get mine, and I 
 do not suppose there is a store in the county that has got any better 
 assortment of food than the store on the Hill. 
 
 Q. What can you say as to the manner in which they are clothed 
 as compared with the same grade of labor in other localities that you 
 have been acquainted with as to being well clothed or otherwise ? 
 
 A. I think they are as well, if not better. 
 
 Q. What can you say as to these miner's cottages having about 
 them little flower gardens and vines and the like? 
 
 A. I consider they have been very fortunate in that respect. 
 Within the last three years Mr. Eandol has taken particular pains to 
 send up flow.ers, roses and everything that he could spare from his 
 garden down here. Within the last two years I think I have distrib- 
 
46 
 
 uted at least 1,500 rose bushes amongst the people; that is done at 
 the company's expense. 
 
 Q. You speak of being distributed by Mr. Eandol. What facil- 
 ities has the company for furnishing these plants? 
 
 A. They employ here at the Hacienda a gardener whose pur- 
 pose it is to raise all these different kinds of plants. They have hot 
 nouses and every facility for raising flowers, and the assortment is 
 very good. 
 
 Q. Since Mr. Eandol became Manager here, have you ever seen 
 anything like interference with the personal liberty of the employees 
 of the company on the part of the management ? 
 
 A. No, I never did. On the contrary I think that he is quite free 
 from anything of that kind. 
 
 Q. What was the social and moral condition of the people living 
 upon this mine at the time that Mr. Kandol came here to take 
 charge ? 
 
 A. In former years Almaden was known as the free retreat of 
 cutthroats, gamblers and all sorts of thieves and bad men and 
 women; when life was in continual jeopardy, with scarcely no law 
 to prosecute the guilty, and murder was frequent; to-day, there is 
 no place with a population of 1,500 to 1,600 souls where more respect 
 is held for the law of the laud and less crime is known to exist; this 
 has been brought about by the influence of both Methodist and 
 Catholic Churches in a measure, but the principal causes spring 
 from the fact that our Manager, J . B. Kandol, immediately Upon 
 assuming control of this property in 1870, made strenuous and un- 
 tiring efforts to purify and rid this place of all its bad influences and 
 elements, aiding the officers in executing the laws, throwing no 
 obstacles in their way, and as a result of this direction of his sixteen 
 years management, life is as secure here day and night as in any town 
 in California. 
 
 Q. What has Mr. Bandol's management done with regard to ex- 
 cluding from these properties that class of idle and dissolute people? 
 
 A. It seems to have been his purpose from the commence- 
 ment to let them out as fast as it could be done, and he has accomp- 
 lished it very well; drunkenness on the grant during late years is 
 broken up. 
 
 Q. What is done with reference to giving employment to men 
 who have become old and broken down, or ineffective in the employ- 
 ment of the company ? 
 
 A. A great many, particularly of the Mexican population have been 
 here fifteen, twenty, twenty-five and thirty and more years, and have 
 worked in the mine, and have worn themselves out here until they 
 are hardly capacitated to go away from here and earn a decent living, 
 and where men have been faithful, and used up their vitality here 
 for the benefit of the company, the company in return help them in 
 any way, shape and manner as they can; if a man is incapacitated 
 from work in the mine, they try to find something for him to do on 
 the outside; some light employment where he can work. 
 
 Q. Do you know Dr. Winn personally ? 
 
 A Very well acquainted with him. 
 
 Q. Had occasion to employ him in your family ? 
 
47 
 
 A. Yes; have had him attend to my family occasionally, he also 
 has attended me. 
 
 Q. What can you say as to your being fully satisfied or otherwise 
 with Dr. Winn and his attendance upon your own family ? 
 A. I am well pleased. 
 
 Q. What is your opinion, Mr. O'Brion, from your experience 
 here, from before and since the Miners' Fund was established, as to 
 its being really beneficial or otherwise in contrast with the system of 
 requiring miners and their families to depend upon such physicians 
 as they might obtain without any system ? 
 
 A. I should consider that entirely a one sided question. There 
 is hardly any comparison to be drawn. It is all one sided in favor 
 of the present system. 
 
 Q. What do you say with regard to your own politics ? 
 
 A. Relative to my politics, in the main I have affiliated with 
 the Democratic party, but as I grow older, I am becoming more and 
 more convinced that to have the purest and most efficient adminis- 
 tration of our Jaws, it can only be done by selecting from our 
 county, State and national ticket, the ablest and best men that allow 
 themselves to go before the country as candidates; consequently with 
 such views, I naturally scratch my ticket on election day; I voted for 
 Tilden, Hancock and Cleveland, and also for Mr. Sullivan, the present 
 contestant, the first time he ran but not in November last; also for 
 Governor Bartlett and mainly the balance of the ticket. I have no 
 animosities against any race, respect a man if he be one, no matter 
 what nationality he may spring from. Since my residence in New 
 Ahnaden, I have had little or nothing to do with politics. I was a 
 State delegate to the Democratic Convention in Sacramento when 
 H. H. Haight was nominated for Governor. 
 
 Q. State Mr. O'Brion, whether in your experience here during 
 Mr. Eandol's administration anything has been done, to intimidate, 
 coerce or unduly influence your vote ? 
 
 A. I have been connected off and on with The Quicksilver Mining 
 Company for over 22 years and have always been during Mr. Bandol's 
 16 years of successful management of the mine, well and kindly 
 treated by him and was never coerced, intimidated, bulldozed, or 
 even requested by him to vote any particular ticket, and the same I 
 may say of Mr. Jenning's administration; I have always voted as my 
 conscience dictated in every election and calculate to enjoy that 
 blessed privilege in what few elections I may yet attend. 
 
 Q. Have you ever seen anything indicating that undue influence 
 was being used by the management or the officers of this company 
 in the matter of how men should vote ? 
 
 A. No; never have. 
 
 Q. Have vou ever seen anything to cause you to believe that men 
 were discharged from the service of the Company, or likely to be 
 discharged from the service, on account of their political views or 
 the way in which they voted V 
 
 A. No'; I did not. 
 
 Q. Have you ever seen anything to indicate that the employees of 
 this Company did not exercise the elective franchise just as freely 
 here as other, men do in other places ? 
 
48 
 
 A. I know that I always have, and I do not know any reason why 
 the other people should not have the same privilege. 
 
 Q. Have you ever seen anything to indicate that they didn't ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. What would you say as to the party with which the Cornish- 
 men naturally affiliate ? 
 
 A. My opinion is that they in a large majority affiliate with the 
 Republican party. 
 
 Q. Naturally so ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. What can you say with regard to the Mexican population? 
 
 A. I think that they are inclined to vote that ticket also. 
 
 Q. Naturally inclined that wav ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. State what you know as to the manner in which the men are 
 brought to the polling places at election time from the English and 
 Mexican camps ? 
 
 A. It has generally been the custom of the officers of the mine at 
 the Hill to notify them the day before that there would be an elec- 
 tion at the Hacienda and they would like them all to congregate at 
 the store early in the morning where there would be conveyances 
 to take them to the polls and take them back again so that they 
 would lose as little time as possible from their labors ? 
 
 Q. How is it a benefit to these men to have an opportunity to 
 ride down to the polling places and back on election day ? 
 
 A. A benefit in this way, to come down the hill on foot and then 
 walk back they would lose half of the day at least, and by riding 
 down and being carried back, they are almost as fresh as when they 
 left their homes in the morning, and go back to their work. 
 
 Q, Who owns and conducts the stores and store business in the 
 mines ? I am not speaking of the ownership of the building, but of 
 the stores ? 
 
 A. They are conducted and the contents of the stores are owned 
 by Mr. Derby and Lowe. 
 
 Q. State whether or not you are in the habit of trading in their 
 stores ? 
 
 A. I do all my trading there. So far as experience goes, I have 
 been always treated very well by them. 
 
 Q. What has been your observation of Mr. Eandol's conduct to- 
 wards the employees of the company ? 
 
 A. Well, I do not see how it could be any better. He of course 
 has rules and regulations by which everything is done, and as long 
 as men comply with these rules and regulations, they will never have 
 any trouble with him. 
 
 Q. Those rules apply to the industrial management of the busi- 
 ness, do they? 
 
 A. Yes; and he steps outside of that and often takes a great in- 
 terest in their social matters and helps them in a great many ways, 
 he is very liberal iu giving them occasional days of recreation and 
 so forth. 
 
 Q. Treats them with kindness and consideration does he as an 
 employer ? 
 
49 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. What can you say as to the feeling and sentiment of the men 
 in the employ of the company towards Mr. Kandol ? 
 
 A.' I think that with very few exceptions probably not any 
 exceptions a good feeling exists (of course in a large business like 
 this you cannot please everybody), but my experience has been that 
 Mr. Eandol has generally had a plan, a course laid f out which he 
 thought and believed was justice not only to the company he repre- 
 sents, but to the men themselves, and he has followed it; when they 
 become dissatisfied they are at liberty to quit. 
 
 Q. State whether or not in your judgment, . in carrying on an 
 establishment of this size it is necessary to have such rules ? 
 
 A. I should say decidedly so; there must be a head, and a firm 
 one, to make this business prosper. 
 
 Q. Is there in these rules and regulations which you speak of, in 
 your judgment anything harsh or oppressive, or needless to the 
 prosperity of the business enterprise ? 
 
 A. There is nothing in those rules but what any man who seeks 
 employment can justly comply with. 
 
 Q. State what you know with regard to the men who have been 
 employed here, who have quit and went away, coming back and 
 seeking re-employment ? 
 
 A, It is a very common occurrence. I am a little illustration of 
 that myself. I have been away, and this is the third time now that 
 I am working for this company, and I have never made anything by 
 going away. I ought to have stayed here all the time; it is a very 
 common occurence for men to go away, to get dissatisfied, or think 
 they could do better, and go away like myself and come back go 
 away and get rid of what they have saved and spend it, and come 
 back and try it again. One of the most sensible men that I know 
 of is a gentleman by the name of Mr. Carrol, he went to work about 
 the same time that I did and has never left yet. 
 
 Q. Staid with it ? 
 
 A. Yes; staid right with it, and voted the Democratic ticket ever 
 since he came here, without a scratch. 
 
 Q. That vote has been well known, has it ? 
 
 A. I suppose it has. I feel very well satisfied of it in my own 
 mind. 
 
 Q. So far as you know no attempt at concealment of the fact ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. Have you ever seen anything to indicate that Mr. Carroll's 
 relations with the company have been in any way affected by the fact 
 that he voted the Democratic ticket, and that it was known ? 
 
 A. No; they found that he was the right man, and they got him 
 in the right place, and they kept him, and they will keep him as 
 long as he will stay. 
 
No Coercion New Almaden Employees Who Vote as They Please An Old Democrat 
 Who Had Never Been Interfered With Complete Refutation of the Charge of In- 
 timidationA Well provided for Community The Voters Exercise Their Prerog- 
 ative Without Let or Hindrance. 
 
 TESTIMONY OF JAMES CARROLL. 
 
 The WITNESS Before I commence there are three things that I 
 could prove, and I can prove them here or any place else. 
 
 By Mr. CROSS : 
 
 Q. What are the three things Mr. Carroll ? 
 
 A. I am working here 22 years now for the company this month, 
 and during that time I voted at every election and generally voted 
 the Democratic ticket, never was hindered in any way, shape or form, 
 never was told that I should vote one way or the other by any man; 
 always was treated well. I found the manager to be a first-class man 
 and a gentleman to me in every way. I have no complaint whatever 
 to make.. 
 
 Q. What is your age, occupation and residence ? 
 
 A. About 50 years old. I take care of a stable, and dump cars 
 as they come out of the mine on the Hill. I reside on the Hill at 
 the New Almaden Mine. I was born in the old country. Came to 
 America in 1851. I came here to the mine in 1865. 
 
 Q. Were you here when Mr. Randol came ? 
 
 A. Yes and long before. 
 
 Q. What changes have taken place in the condition of the people 
 here on the mine under Mr. Eandol's administration ? 
 
 A. I believe there have been pretty good changes for the better. 
 Better for the people working at the mine and their families. 
 
 Q. Have you ever seen anything in Mr. Randol's management or 
 the management under him like oppression or hard treatment or un- 
 due interference with the affairs of the people here ? 
 
 A. He never acted so with me. 
 
 Q. Have you seen him act with anyone else ? 
 
 A. No. When I ask a question of a man in regard to his getting 
 along he says : I will go to Mr. Eandol and he will make it all right, 
 and generally did so. 
 
 Q. That is if any one feels dissatisfied about anything and has 
 good cause and goes to Mr. Kandol he makes it right ? 
 
 A. That is the general opinion and that is the feeling here. 
 
 Q. Have you ever known of any case, any man who had a just 
 cause of complaint about anything here at the mine that could not 
 get a hearing from the management ? 
 
 A. No, never. They always got a hearing. 
 
 Q. During the time that Mr. Kandol has been here as Manager 
 
51 
 
 have you ever seen anything like intimidation or coercion or undue 
 influence on the part of the management with regard to the voting ? 
 
 A. If there was anything said to other people, I don't know it, 
 but I am certain there was never anything said to me. 
 
 Q. Never been any attempt on the part of the managers of the 
 mine to interfere with how you should vote ? 
 
 A. Oh, no, neither of them; neither of the officers of the mine 
 ever said anything to me. 
 
 Q. What do you think of the Miners' Fund? 
 
 A. I am sure, I do not know anything about that. 
 
 Q. Do you think the Miners' Fund is a bad thing or a good 
 thing ? 
 
 A. I think it is a good thing for me. 
 
 Q. Has there ever been any trouble here at the mine about the 
 men getting their pay for their work or their contracts ? 
 
 A. No, never that I know of. Pay-day comes regularly, and 
 they get their pay; they must take it. The company won't keep it. 
 
 Q. Have you been around the polls from time to time on election 
 day? 
 
 A. I come here and vote and go back to my work. 
 
 Q. State how the men at the mine feel towards Mr. Kandol and 
 Mr. Jennings. 
 
 A. Very well, I believe. They respect them. 
 
 Q. During Mr. Randol's administration have you ever known of 
 any man being discharged on account of the way he voted ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. Have you ever known of there being any feeling amongst the 
 men that they had to vote the way the Manager wanted them to or 
 they would lose their places, or anything like that ? 
 
 A. I never heard of that. 
 
 TESTIMONY OF REV. J. L. TEEPREN. 
 
 By Mr. CEOSS: 
 
 Q. Where do you reside ? What is your age and occupation ? 
 
 A. I reside at New Almaden. I am 59 years old. I am a clergy- 
 man of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and a member of the Cali- 
 fornia Annual Conference of that church. I reside at New Almaden 
 and am the regular minister at that place. 
 
 Q. Please give a statement of the kind and reasonableness of 
 the cost of such a church, as near as you can. 
 
 A. It is built of wood, rustic outside, ceiled inside, with base- 
 ment rooms, audience room above, well finished, corner tower and 
 of good style. I should say a fair price for the cost of it ordinarily 
 in such cities and towns as I have lived in, would be, say $3,500 to 
 $4,000.- 
 
 Q. What places have you served in as clergyman, in the State of 
 California ? 
 
 AJ I have served in Napa, Petaluma, the City of Sacramento, 
 Grass Valley, Chico, Vallejo and Santa Cruz. 
 
52 
 
 Q. How l^rge a church membership have you at New Alroaden ? 
 
 A. About fifty. My average congregation is about 200. There 
 is a Sunday School connected with my church, with an average at- 
 tendance of about 165. 
 
 Q. What is the business principally of your congregation and the 
 membership of your church ? 
 
 A. They are miners at the New Almaden Mine. 
 
 Q. What is your annual salary in this church ? 
 
 A. I receive $1,000 and the house in which I live, making $1,120. 
 
 Q. What can you say, Mr. Trefren, as to the general appearance 
 of your present congregation as to the average intelligence and ap- 
 pearance of the people who attend your church here V 
 
 A. Comparatively, they would compare very favorably in every 
 respect, as to intelligence, dress and general appearance, with 
 other congregations 1 have served. I have never preached to a 
 better, more intelligent appearing, better behaved congregation, 
 better dressed, and apparently better fed; our Sunday School is an 
 extra Sunday School, if you please; the children are well officered, 
 they have good teachers; it is very regularly and well attended, 
 and they are better versed in the Scriptures than is usual in Sunday 
 Schools even. 
 
 Q. What would you say as to the general intelligence and ap- 
 pearance of the children both at church and on week days as you 
 see them ? 
 
 A. They are smart, bright, well-clothed and comfortable. 
 
 Q. Week days and Sundays as well? 
 
 A. As well as children usually are. 
 
 Q. Is there any place where you hold services on the grant of 
 The Quicksilver Mining Company, except at the church on the Hill 
 that you have described ? 
 
 A. Yes; at the schoolhouse at the Hacienda; we hold religious 
 services there twice on each Sabbath; we have three local preachers 
 and we have a plan for the local preachers to act a part of the time, 
 and the local preachers come here a part of the time. I come here 
 usually on Sabbath morning, the local preachers at night; we maintain 
 a regular service at both of those places, there is also a Sunday 
 School. 
 
 TESTIMONY OF FRANCES MYERS. 
 
 By Mr. CROSS : 
 
 Q. What is your name, age, residence and occupation ? 
 
 A. Frances Meyers; I am going on 75; I have been a mechanic, 
 when I was actively engaged in business; I resided at the Almaden 
 Mine on the Hill . 
 
 Q. When did yon first know the Almaden Mine ? 
 
 A. I came here in the month of November, 1854. 
 
 Q. Who had charge of the mine at that time ? 
 
 A. A man by the name of John Young was the head officer of the 
 mine; I first became employed at the mine at that time: I worked 
 here at the carpenter business off and on until 1877, for the com- 
 
53 
 
 pany; I built the big house the first work I did where the manager 
 resides now; General H. W. Halleck was the manager of the mine 
 at that time; he was then called Captain Halleck, but afterwards be- 
 came General Halleck; there was heavy litigation about the owner- 
 ship of the mine for years. 
 
 Q. Who came after General Halleck ? 
 
 A. When he left there was a compromise made in the law- 
 suit, that had closed the work for a long time. Different parties 
 were contending for the ownership of the mine in that litigation. I 
 think Mr, Samuel F. Butterworth was the next manager of the mine, 
 and he had superintendents under him the same as Mr. Eandol has 
 superintendents under him. Mr. Butterworth remained as manager 
 until Mr. Eandol became manager. 
 
 Q. Mr. Meyers, what will you say as to Mr. Eandol's general 
 conduct as you have observed it towards the employees of the com- 
 pany during the time that he has been manager ? 
 
 A. I have always found him a very upright square man in his 
 dealings with his men, disposed to do what was right as near as I 
 could tell. 
 
 Q. Have you ever seen anything on his part like tyranny or harsh 
 treatment of the men ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. State whether or not there has been any improvement in the 
 class and condition of the people living on the mine from about the 
 time Mr. Randol took charge up to the present, in your judgment ? 
 
 A. Yes; I think there has been an improvement; there haye been 
 more families and more children, more churches and school houses. 
 
 Q. What would you say as to the comparative morality of the 
 people occupying the grant now as to what it was in early days, or 
 when Mr. Eandol came here ? 
 
 A. It is better than it was. 
 
 Q. What will you say, Mr. Meyers, as to the way in which the 
 employees of this mine are housed? 
 
 A. Most of them have comfortable houses to live in. They 
 are cheap houses; not costly houses; but generally comfortable, and 
 the people generally, particularly those of the Caucasian race, are 
 neat and cleanly and take pains to have ever} r thing nice and clean 
 about their houses and their children; they are a neat set of house- 
 keepers as a general thing, the English people particularly. 
 
 Q. What will you say as to the manner in which the employees 
 of the mine and their families are fed and clothed. You can speak 
 of it comparatively if you choose ? 
 
 A. I think that they are well as a general thing. They are 
 well clothed, as the witness who just preceded me stated, in his con- 
 gregation, they make a very genteel appearance; a person who knew 
 nothing but what he could see, would not know whether he was in 
 a church at Almaden or in Grace Church on Broadway, New York; 
 they appear to be as elegantly dressed, and have as nice and genteel 
 an appearance as a congregation would have anywhere. 
 
 Q. What, so far as you have observed it, is the feeling and man- 
 ner of the employees of the mine towards Mr. Eandol ? 
 
 A. They are respectful. 
 
54 
 
 Q. Have you ever seen anything to indicate that there is any feeling 
 towards him as though he were a hard task master, or any unkindly 
 feeling towards him on the part of the men ? 
 
 A. No. I have never known anything of the kind. 
 
 Q. How long have you been a voter of this precinct ? 
 
 A. I have always been a voter ever since I have lived here. I 
 am a native born American. 
 
 Q. With what party do you affiliate, and have you since Mr. 
 Eandol has been here ? 
 
 A. I have always voted the Democratic ticket. 
 
 Q. Have you ever been connected with the Election Board of this 
 precinct ? 
 
 A. Yes, frequently. 
 
 Q. Were you a member of the Election Board at the election in 
 November, 1886? 
 
 A. I was. I was Inspector of Election. 
 
 Q. Since Mr. Randol became Manager of this mine have you 
 ever known of his interfering in any way with the way in which the 
 employees voted at any election for officers national, State or county ? 
 
 A. I have never known him to take any active part, personally. 
 
 Q. Have you, during that time, known of any intimidation, coer- 
 cion or undue pressure or influence being used towards the em- 
 ployees of the mine as to how they should vote ? 
 
 A. No; of my own Jmowledge I know nothing of the kind. I 
 know how far my own vote was concerned in the matter. 
 
 Q. What has been done, if anything, by the management of the 
 mine looking towards the controlling or influencing of your vote 
 during that time ? 
 
 .A . Never any attempt has been made to influence my vote, and it was 
 always known by the Manager, I suppose, and everybody else that 
 wanted, to know, that I voted the Democratic ticket. I never tried 
 to conceal it, and always voted it publicly. I am not aware that it 
 has injured me in any way. I have never seen anything to indicate 
 that my chances for employment, or of preference or advancement 
 at the mine, were in any way affected by my political views or the 
 manner in which I voted. None in the least. 
 
 '- Q. Did you see anything in any way connected with the election 
 of 1886 that indicated that any one who voted at this precinct was 
 coerced or intimidated or unduly influenced in the exercise of the 
 elective franchise ? 
 
 A. I do not know of any. There are always certain parties at all 
 elections, I suppose, and in all precincts, who take an active interest 
 in politics and try to get all the votes they can for certain candidates; 
 that has generally been done here. 
 
 Q. The same as in any other precinct so far as you could see ? 
 
 A. That is done everywhere, I think. Electioneering and work- 
 ing to get votes for candidates. There is a large number of voters 
 here who have really no choice. 
 
 Q. Have you ever seen about this mine since Mr. Eandol has 
 been manager anything like slavery or serfdom or peonage upon the 
 part of the employees of the mine ? 
 
 A. No; not at all. 
 
55 
 
 Q. About the houses, the homes of the miners here, by whom 
 are the most of their homes owned so far as you are advised ? 
 
 A. Most of the houses belong to the company. I know a good 
 many families that own their own houses, but I can't say how many. 
 I own some houses on the grant, -and I rent them to employees of 
 the company. 
 
 Q . Do you know Mr. Jennings ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. Have you ever seen anything on the part of Mr. Jennings 
 tending to indicate that he was trying to intimidate or coerce or to 
 control the vote of the employees of the company ? 
 
 A. I never have. 
 
 Q. Have you been pretty generally acquainted with the miners 
 on this grant, of Cornish descent ? 
 
 A. Yes sir, I know them all by sight. I do not know the names 
 of all of them. 
 
 Q. What party do they generally vote with ? 
 
 A. My impression is, they generally are Eepublicans in their 
 party affiliations. 
 
 Q. What do you know as to the Mexican vote in that regard, any- 
 thing? 
 
 A. I don't think they have much choice. They don't care much 
 about it. Some years ago I remember there was an impression 
 among the Mexicans that the Republican party meant the party in 
 favor of a republican form of government, and the Democrats they 
 supposed were opposed to the republican form of government, and 
 as they came from a republican form of government, Mexico, they 
 are in favor of the Republicans from the name, nothing else; they 
 didn't know the difference. They were in favor of a Republic and 
 they thought Republican meant that. 
 
 Q. Did you hear or see or know of anything being done at the 
 election of 1886 by the management of this mine or its officers with 
 reference to the defeat of Mr, Sullivan and the election of Mr. Felton? 
 
 A. I do not know of anything; the election was conducted as they 
 have always been; for the accommodation of voters conveyances 
 were sent upon the Hill to bring them down and take them back 
 again; I do not think there is a precinct in the State where a greater 
 disposition is shown than there is here to conduct everything fairly, 
 legally, honestly and justly; there used to be an impression that 
 they thought if the vote was not cast as some wanted it to be, it was 
 doctored in the counting, but so far as I had anything to do with the 
 elections I have never known any attempt or any disposition shown 
 to do anything but what was fair and honest and just and legal. 
 
 Q. How has the Election Board of this precinct been appointed? 
 
 A. By the Board of Supervisors of the County. 
 
 Q. Has the Board here, so far as you have known, been divided 
 between the different parties ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. State whether or not at the election of 1880 you saw anything 
 tending to show that tiio 10J foot limit provided by U\v, .v.u not 
 respected'? 
 
 A. I thing it was respected; I think we attended to that. ' 
 
56 
 
 Q. How long has this same place been used for the purpose of 
 the polls ? 
 
 A. It has been used many years for that purpose. 
 
 Q. So far as you know is there anything objectionable about 
 having the polls located at this place ? 
 
 A. Not that I know of. 
 
 Q. How is it for the convenience of voters of the precinct? 
 
 A. It is about as central and convenient a place as we could get; 
 a great many of the voters of this precinct live in the valley, and 
 perhaps more at the mine than any other part of the precinct. One 
 object in locating the polls here, is the building belongs to the 
 company, they never charge us any rent. I notice in other precincts 
 the Board of Election has to rent a place to hold the election in, and 
 the county pays for it, here they never pay anything. 
 
A New Almaden Schoolmaster Gives His Testimony A Model Community Condition 
 of the Pupils and of Society Legal Formation of the Election Board The 
 " Helping Hand " Club and Its Work. 
 
 TESTIMONY OF PROF. G. E. LIGHTHALL. 
 
 By Mr. Cuoss : 
 
 Q. What is your name, age, place of residence and occupation ? 
 
 A. G. E. Lighthall My age is 53, occupation school teacher, my 
 residence is New Almaden. 
 
 Q. How long have you resided at New Almaden ? 
 
 A. Nearly six years; came here in 1881. 
 
 Q. What has been your occupation during the time that you have 
 resided at New Almaden ? 
 
 A. I have been a school teacher. 
 
 Q. How many teachers are there teaching in the public school 
 on the New Almaden grant? 
 
 A. There are now six employed. 
 
 Q. How many male and how many female ? 
 
 A. One male and five female. 
 
 Q. How many teachers have you directly under your charge ? 
 
 A. I have three under my charge. 
 
 Q. What number of pupils are enrolled in the school of which 
 you have charge, consisting of yourself and three other teachers ? 
 
 A. Last year we had 253 enrolled and there is about the same 
 number enrolled this year. 
 
 Q. What is the average daily attendance, or about the average 
 daily attendance at your school ? 
 
 A. The average daily attendance so far this year is 169. 
 
 Q. How many school buildings are there on the grant ? 
 
 A. There are three on the grant, one at the Hacienda, and two 
 on the Hill; there are two separate school districts Hacienda and 
 the Hill, one schoolhouse in the Hacienda School District, and two 
 in the Hill School District. 
 
 Q. What can you say of the quality of these buildings and their 
 adaptability to the use of the schools and so forth. 
 
 A. The buildings are in very fine condition and well supplied 
 with everything that they require; I have complete control of that 
 myself. If I need anything I get it. The trustees have left that 
 matter in my hands entirely. 
 
 Q. State whether or not these schools are governed by a board 
 of trustees which constitutes a portion of the public school system of 
 the. State. 
 
 A. They are; organized and conducted on the general plan of 
 instruction. 
 
58 
 
 Q. How long have you been engaged in the business of teaching ? 
 
 A. I do not exactly remember. I have been engaged in teaching 
 in Santa Clara county for over eighteen years. I have taught over 
 twenty years in the State of California. 
 
 Q. What schools have you taught in Santa Clara county besides 
 the schools here ? 
 
 A. I taught in Orchard District, in San Antonio, in San Jose I 
 taught in the Reed-street, the Fourth Ward and the High School, 
 and I have taught here at the Hacienda and Hill Districts. 
 
 Q. What have you to say as to the intelligence of the children in 
 these two school districts, having their buildings on the mine, as 
 compared with the intelligence of children which you have seen in 
 other schools ? 
 
 A. I think the children are just the same as all others; fully up 
 to the average of intelligence. 
 
 Q. Are these children in these schools mostly of a parentage em- 
 ployed by the mining company ? 
 
 A. Nearly altogether. 
 
 Q. State what number of pupils, if any, graduated during the 
 last year in your district ? 
 
 A. In my district I had three graduates, and they received gram- 
 mar school diplomas from the County Board of Education. 
 
 Q. What test is applied for the purpose of determining who shall 
 have those diplomas ? 
 
 A. The County Board furnishes the examination papers, and 
 diplomas are given if they are up to the standard. 
 
 Q. What rights do these diplomas give to those who receive them ? 
 
 A. They are entitled to admission to any High School or to the 
 State Normal School without further examination. 
 
 Q. What became of those three graduates? 
 
 A. They still reside on the Hill. The two young men are learn- 
 ing the trade of blacksmithing in the shops of the company, and the 
 girl is stopping at home with her people. 
 
 Q. What can you say as to the clothing and appearance of the 
 children who attend the public school here, as compared with the 
 children of laboring people in other communities in which you are 
 acquainted ? 
 
 A. The children are very neatly and well clad, keep in a very 
 cleanly manner and compare favorably with school children any- 
 where. 
 
 Q. Anything to indicate that their parents are in want, or any- 
 thing of that kind? 
 
 A. No; all appear to be well to do, from the appearance of the 
 children. 
 
 Q. How do these children, as to clothing and appearance, com- 
 pare with the school children of the farming districts in this portion 
 of the State, so far as you have had opportunity to observe them ? 
 
 A. They compare very favorably. They are fully as well clad and 
 appear to be as well kept in every way. 
 
 Q. Have you, during your residence here, had occasion to come 
 in contact considerably with the people who live upon the grant and 
 who work for the company ? 
 
59 
 
 A. Yes; of necessity I have seen all the miners and others. 
 
 Q. What would you say of the employees of the company as to 
 intelligence as you have seen them ? 
 
 A. They are fully up to the average of laboring men anywhere. 
 
 Q. What would \ou say as to the manner in which they seem to 
 be clothed and provided for ? 
 
 A. They all appear to have a sufficiency of clothing and verv 
 good too; when they turn out for holidays; of course in their ordi- 
 nary labor they have clothing suitable for the mines. 
 
 Q. You stated that you had taught at San Jose a good many 
 years; when you lived at San Jose did you ever hear talk about this 
 mine and the management of it ? 
 
 A. I did. 
 
 Q. What did you use to hear about that mine ? 
 
 A. I could hardly say; men have very strange ideas; rumors of 
 one thing and another about the management of the mines the same 
 as I hear now when I go into San Jose, talk rather against the method 
 of conducting things here and the way in which people live. 
 
 Q. Did you have that impression before you came here to reside ? 
 
 A. I had somewhat of that impression. Had imbibed it owing 
 to the stories which I had heard. 
 
 Q. What effect upon your opinion in regard to that matter has 
 your residence and experience here had ? 
 
 A. It has removed it altogether; I see that there is no foun- 
 dation at all for the stories. I found those rumors to be utterly un- 
 founded. 
 
 Q. Do you when you visit San Jose sometimes hear the matter 
 remarked about still ? 
 
 A. I do, rumors as usual, which I do not pay any attention to, 
 now knowing better. 
 
 Q. From your experience and observation here do you find any- 
 thing as a foundation for the rumors that the miners here are ill- 
 treated or deprived of their personal liberty or overridden or tyran- 
 nized over or anything of that kind ? 
 
 A. I have never seen anything of the kind; on the contrary I 
 think that they are very well used; there are many things going to 
 show that here. 
 
 Q. Mr. Martin Corcoran of San Jose has given some testimony 
 in this case; he says while he has not visited the mine that he has 
 heard a great many rumors about men being compelled to vote and 
 being deprived of their liberty of action and that kind of thing. 
 What do you think would be the effect upon his views of those mat- 
 ters if he would come here and stay a while at the mine ? 
 
 A. I think he would quickly become disabused of those preju- 
 dices. 
 
 Q. From what source do you consider that these false impressions 
 arise mainly, these false rumors ? 
 
 A. I can hardly say; it is hard to follow up a rumor as to 
 how it originates. Disappointed candidates, men discharged from 
 labor and various things would cause men to talk about the mine and 
 these things being repeated again would assume larger proportions, 
 as any scandal or rumor would. Perhaps some men might be dis- 
 
60 
 
 satisfied because Mr. Randol does not permit them to manage the mine 
 in their way. 
 
 Q. Have you had any experience on Election Boards of this pre- 
 cinct ? 
 
 A. I have been a member of every board since I came here in 1881. 
 
 Q. How have the boards been appointed at, all those elections ? 
 
 A. By the the Supervisors of the county; in the usual manner. 
 
 Q. Has there at any of these elections, so far as you know, been 
 any tampering of any kind with the ballots or the counting or the 
 conduct of the Board ? 
 
 A. Nothing. 
 
 Q. Has there ever been any discord in the Board growing out of 
 any party questions ? 
 
 'A. No; nothing concerning any party question ever; there never 
 was any discord in the Board ; we have sometimes held a consultation 
 as to what we should do with certain ballots, but we always arrived 
 at a unanimous conclusion; it would be purely a question of law as 
 to how ballots should be counted or whether the ballots should be 
 received or something of that kind : it is very difficult to determine 
 exactly what to do with certain ballots, and we have held a consulta- 
 tion on the point and arrived at a decision in each case; there has 
 been no wrangling whatever. 
 
 Q. And you say those decisions have been unanimous ? 
 
 A. Yes. I do not remember that we ever took a test vote on it. 
 
 Q. Has there ever been so far as you know, anything like crook- 
 edness in the conduct of the Board of this precinct since you have 
 been a member of the Board ? 
 
 A. No; nothing. 
 
 Q. Have you ever at any of those elections witnessed anything 
 like intimidation, coercion or undue influence exercised upon the 
 voters of this precinct or the employees of the mine ? 
 
 A. I never did. 
 
 Q. Have you ever seen any electioneering or work for the candi- 
 dates or tickets in this precinct different from what are commonly 
 practiced in other precincts ? 
 
 A. I never did. I have seen a little electioneering by both par- 
 ties, but it has been in the usual manner, nothing unusual about it. 
 
 Q. Have you ever seen anything to indicate that the managment 
 or officers or those having charge of the work of this mine have 
 bulldozed, intimidated, coerced or otherwise abused the elective 
 franchise of the employees of the mine ? 
 
 A. I never did. 
 
 Q. Have you ever seen any scarcity of the tickets of the different 
 parties on election day ? 
 
 A. I do not know anything about that. I think there has always 
 been a sufficiency of tickets. 
 
 Q. Has there ever been an election when you have not found a 
 good many Democratic tickets in the box ? 
 
 A. We have always found about the same number of Democratic 
 tickets at the three elections. So far as I could judge by the ballots, 
 the Democrats voted the Democratic ticket, and the Republicans the 
 Eepublican ticket. I think that I could come within three or four 
 
61 
 
 of telling how many Democratic ballots there would be in the box if 
 an election were held to-morrow, judging from what I have known 
 heretofore. The balJots have been very uniform, showing the party 
 lines very plainly. 
 
 Q. Been more or less scratching, has there not? 
 
 A. More or less scratching. I have witnessed the fact that there 
 were candidates who were favorites with the voters in this precinct, 
 some candidates have run ahead of their tickets. 
 
 Q. That happens at other precincts as well as New Almaden, 
 does it not? 
 
 A. I presume so. 
 
 Q. You exercise the privilege of scratching your ticket if you 
 see fit ? 
 
 A. I do. 
 
 Q. Has there ever in this precinct been any attempt to intimidate 
 r coerce or influence your vote V 
 
 A. Never has. 
 
 *Q. What can you say as to the relations between Mr. Randol and 
 the employees, so far as you have observed it, his manner towards 
 the employees and their manner towards him ? 
 
 A. It has always been respectful. 
 
 Q. Have you ever seen anything in Mr. Eandol's conduct towards 
 the employees like tyranny or oppression or hard usage ? 
 
 A. I never did. 
 
 Q. Where do you board ? 
 
 A. At the boarding house on the Hill. 
 
 Q, How long have you boarded there ? 
 
 A, A little over two years; two or three years. 
 
 Q. What can you say as to the quality of board provided there ? 
 
 A. It is of good quality and well prepared. I have not heard of 
 any complaints at all of any kind. 
 
 Q. What office do you hold in this township ? 
 
 A. I am Justice of the Peace. 
 
 Q. How long have you been Justice of the Peace ? 
 
 A. I think that it was in 1882 I was first appointed to fill a 
 vacancy, and then was elected afterwards twice. 
 
 Q. What can you say as to the peace and good order and observ- 
 ance of the laws on this grant ? 
 
 A. I think at the present time the peace and good order is 
 remarkably good. 
 
 Q. What is about the population of this township in which you 
 are Justice ? 
 
 A. From 1,500 to 2,000; somewhere along there. 
 
 Q. What number of criminal complaints have you lodged in your 
 court this year ? 
 
 A. I think that I have had six this year since the 1st of January; 
 there is a very decided improvement since I came here on the Hill 
 with regard -to observance of the law among the Mexican population; 
 our principal complaints came from them and now they are getting 
 to be very orderly; we have but very little trouble now with them; 
 they are almost abandoning the use of weapons which they were 
 formerly very free to use. 
 
62 
 
 Q. Did you know the reputation of this community in those 
 regards a few years ago ? 
 
 A. Yes, in common with other places I have heard Almaden 
 mentioned. 
 
 Q. What was 'the reputation of this community in former years 
 in regard to the state of society and morality here ? 
 
 A. About as bad as it could be. This was noted as one of the 
 bad places of the State one of the worst. 
 
 Q, What class of people tendered to give it that reputation ? 
 
 A. Principally the Mexican portion the old settlers formerly. 
 
 Q. What social condition, if any here, do you think has had any 
 influence upon the people resident on the grant ? 
 
 A. Aside from the churches and school, I think that the 
 " Helping Hand" has done as much as anything to aid in keeping 
 good order. 
 
 Q. How long has that organization been in existence ? 
 
 A. I do not remember; it has been over a year ago. 
 
 Q. Will you state how that organization operates, what it does 
 and what you think it works in the community ? 
 
 A. It is an organization to give the men an opportunity to 
 meet and converse with each other in a good, comfortable room, 
 playing little games they may wish to play, cards or checkers or any- 
 thing of that kind. Attached is also a reading-room, with a good 
 selection of monthly, weekly and daily papers and magazines, and 
 also a nice library of miscellaneous reading matter. I think the 
 tendency has been that men after their suppers, instead of going to 
 the saloon on the Hill, would naturally fall into the habit of going 
 to this room and get engaged in a game of cards and remain there 
 until it was time to go to bed. 
 
 Q. Do a good many read at those rooms ? 
 
 A. Yes; quite a number. I go in there quite frequently, and al- 
 most always find a large number in the reading-room, busily engaged 
 reading the different papers, magazines and the books there. I 
 think that that has had a very good effect on the population and a 
 tendency to produce social good order and pleasant social relations. 
 The reading-room is distinct from the general amusement and con- 
 versation room. 
 
 Q. What else is there connected with this establishment besides 
 the reading-room and general conversation room ? 
 
 A. There is also a cook-room, and a cook employed there who 
 furnishes to any one who wishes light refreshments, and at very low 
 rates; too low for profit. 
 
 Q. Are there any entertainments given at the Hill any public 
 entertainments ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. What is the character of those entertainments generally ? 
 
 A. Something light to keep the people amused; occasionally 
 when they can do so they have something more solid. Most of 
 the amusements are gotten up by the residents, or when they can get 
 outsiders to take part in it they do so; these entertainments are free; 
 there are sometimes dramatic entertainments given by outsiders at 
 which an admission is charged; the main hall or auditorium is fitted 
 
63 
 
 with a very nice little stage, with good scenery, so that it is possible 
 for small companies to render plays there. 
 
 Q. State whether or not the management of the mine has taken 
 any hand in organizing and fitting up and assisting this Helping 
 Hand Society. 
 
 A. Yes; they have taken a very deep interest in it, in fact it is 
 almost wholly conducted by the mine management, and the different 
 members composing it. 
 
 Q. Due to their efforts that it was organized and maintained ? 
 
 A. Entirely to their efforts. Mr. O'Brion is the chief of that 
 institution; he is very enthusiastic; he takes a great deal of interest 
 in the Helping Hand, preserves proper order and keeps everything 
 going along smoothly. He takes a very great, deep interest in it. 
 
 Q. What musical organizations if any have they on the Hill. 
 
 A. There are two brass bands, one*"in the English camp and one 
 in the Mexican camp. There are also the church choirs. 
 
 Q. State whether or not there is a public library connected with 
 the schools. 
 
 A. Yes, we have a very good public library connected with the 
 schools on the Hill and also at the Hacienda. 
 
 Q. Can you give any statement of the number of volumes in 
 those libraries? 
 
 A. I think that we have about 500 volumes now in both libraries. 
 
 Q. Who has a right to the use of those books? 
 
 A. All who reside in the district. It has been entirely free, no 
 charge. They are allowed to take books from the library and keep 
 them a stated period and return them. We encourage children all 
 we can to take books home, and they very frequently take out books 
 not only for themselves but for their parents; we encourage them 
 all we can in that. 
 
 Q. What is the general character of the books composing the 
 school library ? 
 
 A. Miscellaneous. We have a few reference books for the use 
 of those who wish to find anything that they cannot get readily 
 otherwise, and then we have quite a number of small books suitable 
 for the children; well, for all objects, the books are selected 
 histories, works of science, works of fiction and children's story 
 books. 
 
 Q. What would you say of the class of books contained in the 
 Helping Hand Library ? 
 
 A. They have a large number of books of fiction in paper covers, 
 also Dicken's Works and various other standard works a miscella- 
 neous collection of books, including works of art, science, history, 
 and biography. 
 
 Q. Are those books allowed to be taken from that library, or are 
 they to be read at the reading room ? 
 
 A. People are permitted, I believe, to take books from that li- 
 brary by making a deposit to insure the return of the book; the 
 books are free, but a deposit is made to insure the safe return of the 
 books of the library. 
 
 Q. 'What magazines and papers, that you can recall, are taken 
 regularly and read in the reading room of the Helping Hand Club ? 
 
64 
 
 A. The Century, Harper's and other popular magazines, the 
 principal daily and weekly San Francisco and San Jose papers, in 
 English and Spanish, also the principal Eastern pictorial papers. 
 
 Q, State generally, whether, so far as you have observed, the 
 people of this community have exercised as much freedom of action 
 and opinion as any other communities that you are acquainted with ? 
 
 A. I think they do, and I know of no reason why they should 
 not. Never observed anything that interfered with it. 
 
 Q. As to their labor, they are required to do their work and ob- 
 serve the industrial rules of the company, I suppose ? 
 
 A. I presume so, that would be necessary in the management of 
 a business of this extent; it would be absolutely necessary that there 
 should be rules and regulations governing the mine, but so far as 
 interference with them outside, I do not know of any outside the 
 mere industrial conduct of the business. 
 
^> 
 
 I 
 
 I -~c^> 
 
 > I 
 
 . 
 
 
New Almaden Voters-Employees Testify-How and Why They Cast their Votes-Democrats 
 and Republicans say they have not been interfered with Very Important Evidence 
 as to How Employees are Treated, Politically and Otherwise. 
 
 TESTIMONY OF WILLIAM STILES. 
 
 By Mr. CROSS : 
 
 Q. What nationality are you ? 
 
 A. I am an Englishman. 
 
 Q. How long have you been at this mine ? 
 
 A. Thirteen years. I have worked by the day, by the month, as 
 tributer, and for six years last past I have been furnace foreman; my 
 wages have varied from $2.50 per day to $120 per month on contracts; 
 I made from $80 to $117 per month; I have seen contract systems in 
 other mines. 
 
 Q. Which do you think is the best system, having seen different 
 kinds ? 
 
 A. I think that the contract system here is more fair for a man. 
 
 Q. Do you think that system as used here is fair to both parties, 
 both to employer and employee ? 
 
 A. Yesf 
 
 Q. About how many men are under your charge generally ? 
 
 A. From thirty-five to fifty. 
 
 Q. What do those men do? 
 
 A. Those men have to charge the furnaces, fire and discharge the 
 furnaces, and keep everything clean around the furnaces; some of them 
 attend to the quicksilver; their wages vary from $1.25 per day for 
 boys to $85 a month for men. 
 
 Q. In what manner has Mr. Eandol treated you? 
 
 A. He has treated me very gentlemanly; never been unkind to- 
 wards me; always done what I think is perfectly right. 
 
 Q. What can you say as to the treatment of the men employed 
 here as compared with the men you have seen employed in other 
 places ? 
 
 A. I think the men are treated as well in this mine as in any mine 
 I have ever seen, and, in fact, there are very few places where men are 
 so well treated as they are here. 
 
 Q. How does Mr, Jennings seem to feel towards the men, and 
 how does he treat them ? 
 
 A. M>. Jennings has great sympathy for the men. He has oft- 
 times given me instructions to be very careful and look after every- 
 thing, so that the men shall not be injured by any of the fumes or 
 anything of the kind, and, in fact, Mr. Jennings is very favorable 
 towards the older class that have worked here for many years. 
 
 Q. What do you know about voting here at the mine? 
 
66 
 
 A. I voted here. I do not know anything different here from 
 any other place. 
 
 Q. How many years have you been a voter here ? 
 
 A. I think I voted first for President Garfield, and I attended 
 all the elections since then. 
 
 Q. Did you vote the Republican ticket since that time ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. Do you generally vote the Republican ticket ? 
 
 A. Generally do. 
 
 Q. Ever scratch it ? 
 
 A. Sometimes I have. If I see that there is a man I want to 
 scratch for a man on another ticket I have occasionally scratched off 
 and put another man down in his place, where I thought I had good 
 reason for it. 
 
 Q. How do the English boys, or, as we call them, the Cornish 
 boys, mostly vote ? What party do they like the best ? 
 
 A. As a general rule I think they are Republicans. I think if 
 one should go around and inquire he would find they are nearly all 
 Republicans. 
 
 Q. What have you ever heard Mr. Randol or Mr. Jennings doing 
 about the voting? 
 
 A. Never heard anything at all. 
 
 Q. Did they ever try to direct you how you or the men should 
 vote ? 
 
 A. No officer ever gave me any direction how I should vote, or 
 which way I should vote; in fact never inquired what my political 
 views were. 
 
 Q. Ever give you any instructions or directions what they wanted 
 the men to do about voting ? 
 
 A. Not at all. 
 
 Q. Did you ever have any directions from Mr. Randol or Mr. 
 Jennings, or any of the officers of the company, as to what you should 
 do or what the men should do about voting ? 
 
 A. No; never spoke to me on the subject. 
 
 Q. Did you ever hear the men talking amongst themselves as 
 though they had to vote a certain way or they would be discharged 
 or not get work ? 
 
 A. I never heard any such a thing. 
 
 Q. Have you ever known or seen any intimidation or coercion or 
 pressure used here by any one connected with the mine, concerning 
 how men should vote ? 
 
 A. No; I never saw anything of the kind; never heard of any 
 such thing, in fact I could always vote which way I liked. I had 
 three different kinds of tickets in my possession last time; could vote 
 any one of them. 
 
 Q. So far as you know now, how does each man vote here ? 
 
 A. I think that they are mostly Republicans, I think so, but 
 then I suppose they are like other people, if they want to scratch 
 they do so. Yote as they please as far as I know. 
 
 Q. What do you know about the store ? Do you buy goods at 
 the store ? 
 
 A. Yes; I am very well satisfied with the quality of goods I re- 
 
67 
 
 ceive at the store. I go there and order my things or my wife sends 
 my daughter down and gives an order and it is delivered at my house. 
 
 Q. Do you buy most of your supplies at the store ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. Did you ever have any boletos ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. What are the boletos good for after you get them ? 
 
 A. Just as good as money. 
 
 Q. Have you ever used them ? 
 
 A. Yes; when I came here to the mine first, like a good many 
 others, I was not very flush with money and of course 1 would have 
 to wait for my money until regular pay-day, and I was told that I 
 could go the store and get some boletos, which I did, and I found 
 them to be of much advantage to me at that time. 
 
 Q. Is there any rule or custom requiring a man working at the 
 mine to take boletos ? 
 
 A. I never knew of any such a rule; never heard of any. 
 
 Q. Did you ever hear of any man being discharged on account of 
 not taking boletos, or not buying at the store or anything like that ? 
 
 A. No; never heard of such a thing. In fact we have had men 
 working in the yard who never took any boletos, and they continued 
 to work right on, the same as others. 
 
 Q. When are the men paid? 
 
 A. They are paid regularly every pay-day, once a month. 
 
 Q. From whom do you rent a house ? 
 
 A . I rent the house from the company. 
 
 Q. What rent do you pay ? 
 
 A. I pay six dollars a month. 
 
 Q. How many rooms in your house ? 
 
 A. Six rooms; it is a comfortable house. 
 
 Q . What do you do about rules when men come and go to work 
 for the company, new men ? 
 
 A. It is the duty of Mr. Bulmore or myself to call attention to and 
 read over the rules before they start to work, and of course, if they like 
 to abide by the rules, they go to work, if not they would not go to work. 
 
 Q . Did you ever know a man to quit work on account of a rule ? 
 
 A. Never have known one, 
 
 Q. State whether or not the men that came here to work under 
 you generally remain a pretty long time, or whether they go away 
 pretty soon ? 
 
 A. We have got men that were working here when I came 
 and they are working here yet, and as a general rule they remain 
 here along time. 
 
 TESTIMONY OF GEORGE CARSON. 
 
 By Mr. CROSS: 
 
 Q. Are you in the employ of The Quicksilver Mining Company ? 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. What position do you hold ? 
 
 A. I occupy a position as clerk; also as telegraph operator and 
 am postmaster. 
 
68 
 
 Q. What political party do you belong to ? 
 
 A. I belong to the Democratic party. 
 
 Q. How many elections have you attended in this precinct ? 
 
 A. Every election since I have been here. 
 
 Q. Ever been on the Election Board ? 
 
 A. I have always served on the Election Board at all principal 
 elections as clerk. 
 
 Q. Have you ever known an Election Board that did not have 
 Democrats on it as well as ^Republicans, at this place ? 
 
 A. Since I have been here I have always served as one Demo- 
 crat, and there has always been a Democratic Judge or Inspector 
 as well. 
 
 Q. "What ticket have you voted at elections since you have been 
 here? 
 
 A. I have always voted the Democratic ticket. 
 
 Q. Do you scratch sometimes ? 
 
 A. Very little, occasionally. 
 
 Q. Has that fact been well known here at the mine ? 
 
 A. Yes, I have made no secret of it whatever. 
 
 Q. Do you know whether or not it has been known to the officers 
 and managers of the company ? 
 
 A. I think so, certainly. I know that it has; they know that I 
 am a Democrat and a strong one. 
 
 Q. Did you vote at the election of 1886 ? 
 
 A. Yes: 
 
 Q. Did you vote for Mr. Sullivan ? 
 
 A. I did. 
 
 Q. Did you do any work for Mr. Sullivan ? 
 
 A. I tried to influence what people I could to vote for him. 
 
 Q. That was before election day ? 
 
 A. That was previous to that election day. 
 
 Q. Did you do that secretly or openly ? 
 
 A. I did that openly, sir; openly. 
 
 Q. Did anybody in any way connected with the company ever 
 object to your political course ? 
 
 A. They paid no attention to it whatever. 
 
 Q. Have you any reason to think that it has in any way affected 
 your relations with the company or your prosperity or advancement 
 in the business ? 
 
 A. I am almost sure it has not. 
 
 Q. Ever have any difficulty in getting a Democratic ticket to vote 
 since you have been here ? 
 
 A. No; always plenty of them about. 
 
 Q . Have you ever seen any interference with elections here by 
 anybody ? 
 
 A. I have not; no. 
 
 Q. Ever seen anything to indicate intimidation, coercion or pres- 
 sure by those who have charge of the mine and the men in regard to 
 how they should vote ? 
 
 A. No; none whatever. 
 
 Q. Do you know whether there have been other Democrats em- 
 ployed here at the mine since you have been here ? . 
 

69 
 
 A. Yes; there are others. 
 
 Q. Has that fact been well known ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. Did you see that it made any difference in their employment 
 or preferment, anything of that kind, with their relations with the 
 company ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. What is your judgment as to whether it did or not ? 
 
 A. I do not see that it has interfered with them in any way, shape 
 or manner. 
 
 Q. Have you ever seen anything like coercion, intimidation or 
 undue pressure on the employees of this company in regard to voting ? 
 
 A. No; I think persons can vote just as they please. Just as 
 freely here as anywhere. 
 
 Q. Does the fact of men getting boletos or not getting them have 
 any influence whether the company gives them work or not ? 
 
 A. None whatever. 
 
 Q. Whom did you first vote for, for President ? 
 
 A. The first President I voted for was Tilden. I afterwards 
 voted for Hancock and all the Democratic candidates since in suc- 
 cession right through. 
 
 TESTIMONY OF ANDREW DAHLGREEN. 
 
 By Mr. CROSS : 
 
 Q. How long is it since you first came here to the mine ? 
 
 A. Fifteen years. Have worked here ever since. 
 
 Q. What salary do you get as watchman ? 
 
 A. $85 a month. 
 
 Q. What nationality are you ? 
 
 A. A Swede. 
 
 Q. When did you vote first ? 
 
 A. The first vote I put in was for President Garfield. 
 
 Q. How did you vote at the last election? 
 
 A. I voted the Eepublican ticket. All the time I do that. 
 
 Q. Did you vote for any Democrats that time ? 
 
 A. No. I vote just a straight Eepublican ticket. 
 
 Q. Anybody ask you how you were going to vote? 
 
 . A. No, nobody. 
 
 Q. Anybody tell you how to vote ? 
 
 A. No; nobody at all. 
 
 Q. Anybody connected with the company say to you that they 
 wanted you to vote a certain way ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. Who did you get your ticket from ? 
 
 A. Mr. Stiles gave it to me. I knew it was a Eepublican ticket. 
 
 Q. What do you think about the Miners' Fund ? 
 
 A. Pretty good; very good; I got lots of sickness in the house 
 sometimes, and I only pay a dollar a month and I get the doctor free, 
 
 it is a very good thing. 
 
 Q. Do you ever get any boletos ? 
 
70 
 
 A. Yes; sometimes I take them if I feel like it; sometimes I take 
 so much a month, and then if I do not feel like it I pay silver, and 
 it is all the same thing. 
 
 Q. Does it make any difference in the price of goods? 
 
 A. No; no difference at all. Get the ^ame thing if I give a 
 dollar in boletos or a dollar in silver. 
 
 Q. Did you ever hear of any rule that a man must take boletos 
 or he would get discharged ? 
 
 A. No, I never heard that ; and I never heard a man being dis- 
 charged for that. 
 
 TESTIMONY OF JOSE GONZALES. 
 
 By Mr. CROSS : 
 
 Q. How long have you worked here ? 
 
 A. About six years. 
 
 Q. When did you vote for the first time ? 
 
 A. I voted in 1876 in San Francisco the first time. 
 
 Q. Whom did you vote for, for President ? 
 
 A. For Hayes. 
 
 Q. What ticket did you vote ? 
 
 A. Republican ticket. 
 
 Q. Was that before you ever came to the mine to work? 
 
 A. Long before I ever came here. 
 
 Q. What ticket do you generally vote ? 
 
 A. Yote the Republican ticket. 
 
 Q. Were there any names scratched on your ticket the last time 
 you voted ? 
 
 A. Yes. A friend asked me if I would like to vote for them, they 
 were very good men. I told him all right, if they were good men, I 
 would like to vote for good men. 
 
 Q. Did you ever vote any other ticket except the Republican 
 ticket ? 
 
 A. Yes, I voted one Independent ticket. 
 
 Q. Who did you vote for at that time ? 
 
 A. I voted for O'Donnell. I read an article that he said some- 
 thing against a Chinaman, that suited me, and I thought that I would 
 give him my vote. 
 
 Q. Did Mr. Randol or Mr. Jennings ever tell you how to vote ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. Ever ask you how you were going to vote ? 
 
 A. No, nobody here in the mine asked me. Always voted just as 
 I pleased. 
 
 Q. What country did you come from ? 
 
 A. Central America. 
 
 Q. Are you a good deal acquainted with the Mexican people in 
 California ? 
 
 A. Some of them, yes. 
 
 Q. What ticket do they generally vote ? 
 
 A. They generally, so far as I know, vote the Republican ticket. 
 
 Q. Do they like that ticket the best generally ? 
 
71 
 
 A. Yes, so far as I know. 
 
 Q. What ticket do the people of Spanish descent vote in the 
 United States ? 
 
 A. So far as I know, the Republican ticket. 
 
 Q. Do you know Mr. Pacheco ? 
 
 A. I do. I saw him and got acquainted with him once. He was 
 a Eepublican. He was elected Lieutenant-Governor and to Congress. 
 
 TESTIMONY OP GOTLIEB STOLTZ. 
 
 By Mr. CROSS : 
 
 Q. How long have you worked here at the mine ? 
 
 A. Nine years. 
 
 Q. What countryman are you ? 
 
 A. German. 
 
 Q. What ticket did you vote last November ? 
 
 A. Eepublican. 
 
 Q. Who told you how to vote ? 
 
 A. Nobody. 
 
 Q. Who asked you how you were going to vote ? 
 
 A. Nobody. 
 
 Q. How did you happen to vote the Eepublican ticket? 
 
 A. I was a Eepublican before I got my papers, before I was 
 a citizen. 
 
 Q. Do you prefer that party ? 
 
 A. Yes. I like that party the best. 
 
 Q. How did you happen to be a Eepublican ? 
 
 A. I don't know. 1 like that party better, I think that it 
 is good for the country. 
 
 Q. Has there anybody here at the mine ever tried to interfere 
 with your voting V 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. Anybody ever try to prevent your voting the way that you 
 wanted to ? 
 
 A. None whatever. 
 
 TESTIMONY OF CHARLES HIGGINS. 
 
 By Mr. CROSS: 
 
 Q. What is your full name ? 
 
 A. Charles Higgins. 
 
 Q. What is your business. 
 
 A, Blacksmith. 
 
 Q. How long ago did you first come to this mine to work, Mr. 
 Higgins? 
 
 A. About twenty-six years ago. I have been away five years of 
 the time. 
 
 Q. How much of a family have you ? 
 
 A. Six children, myself and my wife. 
 
72 
 
 Q. Do you rent a house from the company ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q . What rent do you pay ? 
 
 A. Seven dollars. 
 
 Q. How many rooms are there in your 'house ? 
 
 A. It is quite a large house; I think there are about eight rooms. 
 
 Q. You are employed here as a blacksmith, are you ? 
 
 A. Yes; working in the shop at $3 per day. 
 
 Q. How do you get along with Mr. Bandol ? 
 
 A. I could never find any fault. 
 
 Q. What use is it to have the boletos ? 
 
 A. It is very accommodating from one pay-day to the other 
 to get boletos the same as you would get a silver dollar. The bole- 
 tos are just as good as the money. 
 
 Q. What nationality are you ? 
 
 A. I am Irish descent; I was born in Ireland. 
 
 Q. How long have you been a voter ? 
 
 A. The first President that I voted for was Buchanan. 
 
 Q. What ticket have you voted ever since ? 
 
 A. Democratic ticket 
 
 Q. Do you ever scratch ? 
 
 A. Sometimes. Very little though. If I want to scratch I do 
 so; very little scratching I ever do. I like it pretty straight. 
 
 Q. Did anybody here at the mine ever try to interfere with your 
 voting ? 
 
 A. Not at all. 
 
 Q. Anybody ever try to dictate to you how you should vote, any- 
 body connected with the mine in anyway ? 
 
 A. Not at all. There would be some electioneering that would 
 not amount to anything. 
 
 Q. Has it been well known here at the mine all the time that you 
 were a Democrat and voted the Democratic ticket ? 
 
 A. I think so. Never concealed it at all. 
 
 Q. Can you see that it ever made any difference with your em- 
 ployment or pay, the fact that you were known to be a Democrat ? 
 
 A. I could never see any difference. 
 
 Q. It don't influence matters at all ? 
 
 A. Not at all. 
 
 Q. Who did you vote for Congress last time ? 
 
 A. I voted for Mr. Sullivan. 
 
 Q. You sometimes have occasion to ask a little favor of Mr. 
 Bandol, he being the manager of the mine ? 
 
 A. Yes; many times. 
 
 Q. What has-been the result ? 
 
 A. Always granted. 
 
 Q. Have you worked for other parties, other people, in Califor- 
 nia? 
 
 A. Oh, yes. 
 
 Q. What can you say as to this as a place for a man to work, as 
 compared with other places that you have worked ? 
 
 A. I must say that I have never worked so long in any place in 
 California or that I liked so well as Almaden. 
 
73 
 
 Q. Did you ever have any trouble about the rules here at the 
 mine ? 
 
 A. Not at all; I never had any trouble. 
 
 Q. Did you ever see anything about the rules that you thought 
 was not fair and correct ? 
 
 A. They suited me; if I did not think they suited me I should 
 stop working. 
 
 Q. What do you think about the Miners' Fund as to whether it 
 is a good thing or a bad thing ? 
 
 A. I think it is a very good thing. 
 
 TESTIMONY OF ADOLFO BANALES. 
 
 By Mr, CROSS : 
 
 Q. How long have you been here at the mine ? 
 
 A. Twenty-three years. 
 
 Q. How much of that time have you been at work ? 
 
 A. All the time with the exception of a few days now and then; 
 I repair flasks. 
 
 Q. What nationality are you, originally ? 
 
 A. I was born at Los Angeles of Mexican parentage. 
 
 Q. When did you first vote ? 
 
 A. I voted first in 1872 for President Grant. 
 
 Q. What ticket do you generally vote ? 
 
 A. The Republican. 
 
 Q. Ever scratch it any ? 
 
 A. In very few cases; sometimes just to vote for a man that I par- 
 ticularly knew, who was on the other ticket, and that I wanted to 
 vote for. 
 
 Q. How did you happen to vote for Grant at that time ? 
 
 A. I had just come of age, and he was running for a sec- 
 ond term, and I had read a good deal about the man, and I was very 
 glad to have a chance to vote for him. He was my choice, from 
 what I had read and heard about him. 
 
 Q. Did you know something about his history; what he had 
 done for the country and so on ? 
 
 A. Yes; that was the reason I voted for him. 
 
 Q. You say that you are of Mexican descent. Are you acquainted 
 with a good many people of that descent in California ? 
 
 A. Yes, I have always been more or less acquainted with the 
 Mexicans living around where I live. 
 
 Q. What ticket do they generally vote in California ? 
 
 A. They generally vote the Eepublican ticket, a large majority of 
 them. 
 
 Q. Can you explain why that is ? 
 
 A. The Republican party in this country corresponds some- 
 what to what is called the Liberal party in Mexico, which holds a 
 large majority there, and I account for it in that way. 
 
 Q. Do they talk those matters over amongst themselves ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
74 
 
 Q . Do you know anybody at this mine of Mexican descent that 
 votes the Democratic ticket ? 
 
 A. I cannot recollect any one. 
 
 Q. Did you ever hear of any rule that a man had to draw boletos 
 or he would get discharged ? 
 
 A. No; I know several men that do not draw boletos, they wait 
 until they get the money. 
 
 TESTIMONY OF ROBERT SCOTT. 
 
 By Mr. CROSS: 
 
 Q. What is your business ? 
 
 A. Bricklayer. I am a native of Canada. 
 
 Q. How long have you worked here at the mine ? 
 
 A. I have worked off and on since the winter of 1863 and '64; 
 altogether probably fifteen years. 
 
 Q, What wages do you receive at the present time ? 
 
 A. I get $150 a month. 
 
 Q. How long have you been a voter ? 
 
 A. I think I voted for the first President after Grant. That will 
 be Hayes. 
 
 Q. Have you voted the Kepublican ticket since ? 
 
 A. Yes; I voted for Garfield and voted for Blaine. 
 
 Q. How did you happen to vote for Hayes ? 
 
 A. I liked the Republican party. That was .my free choice. 
 
 Q. Did any one here at the mine have anything to do with dicta- 
 ting to you how you should vote at that election, or try to influence 
 your vote at that election ? 
 
 A. No; nobody has tried to influence me as to how I should vote 
 at any time. 
 
 Q. Do you know of any one having ever been interfered with 
 here, or any man having been intimidated, or coerced, or threatened 
 with discharge, or anything of that kind on account of politics ? 
 
 A. I never have heard or seen anything of that kind. 
 
 Q. Did anyone ever bring you word that the management of the 
 mine wished you to vote in any particular way or anything of 
 that kind ? 
 
 A. No ; never. 
 
 Q. Has your vote ever been interfered with here in any way ? 
 
 A. Never. 
 
 Q. Have you ever seen anything to cause you to think that the way 
 a man voted here had anything to do with his getting employment or 
 being retained ? 
 
 A. No; I do not believe that has anything to do with it. I think 
 that it depends on the man. 
 
 Q. Did you ever see any attempt to cut people off here from talk- 
 ing about political matters just as freely as they would anywhere ? 
 
 A. Nothing. 
 
 Q . Are you acquainted with Mr. Bandol ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
75 
 
 Q. In this position that you hold, having charge of the mason 
 work, do you sometimes come in contact with him ? 
 
 A. Yes; I used to very often, when we were building furnaces, 
 new furnaces. 
 
 Q. What is Mr. Eandol's manner towards the men that are em- 
 ployed by the company V 
 
 A. Very fair man to deal with; he is very strict, but he is a very 
 straightforward kind of a man to the men that tend to their business. 
 
 Q. He wants a man to tend to business strictly ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. Have you ever seen him act in any manner like tyranny or 
 harshness or unjustness towards the men ? 
 
 A. Never. 
 
 Q. Tell us about boletos, the way they seem to you and what the 
 course is with regard to the boletos ? 
 
 A. I believe that boletos are a very good thing to have. 
 "When people draw their pay here they do not generally like to have 
 their money lying around; what money they have over they will send 
 off to a bank or to some place for safe keeping. They do not then 
 have any cash on hand and they go to the store and draw boletos 
 and buy their goods. 
 
 Q. Do you think a man is more likely to make a saving than 
 having money by him all the time ? 
 
 A. I believe he is; he is apt to be more careful; and then 
 there are a great many that have large families that do not have a 
 great deal of ready cash, and it comes very handy to them to be 
 getting something before pay-day. 
 
 Q. You have found it a convenience to you ? 
 
 A. Yes. I think the boleto system is a very good thing. 
 
 Q. Did you hear of any rule that a man had to take boletos or 
 he was liable to be discharged ? 
 
 A. No. I never heard anything about that. 
 
 Q. Did you vote the Eepublican ticket in November, 1888 ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. State the circumstances. 
 
 ^ A. I came down towards the polls and I got a Eepublican 
 ticket, and a friend of mine wanted me to vote for a friend of his, 
 some county office. I did not know either party; he said that he 
 was a nice man and I could do him a favor; well, 1 said that I did 
 not know either party. He guaranteed he was a nice man. Well, 
 I said we will put his name down, he wrote it down for me. It was a 
 man here by the name of Kichmond I believe, who wrote down the two 
 names for me. I did not have any pencil. I came on further down, 
 and I was inquiring for a pencil, wanted to change another name, 
 and I asked some one there if he had a pencil, and he said he did 
 not, and Mr. Lowe says: " I have got a pencil," I said: " let me have 
 it a minute I want to put down a name here, Mr. Spitzer, I think 
 that he is a pretty good man, I will put his name down," and I 
 handed it to Mr. Lowe and said you put it down "yes, "he says "he 
 is a very good man." That is, Mr. Ealph Lowe, and he wrote it 
 down for me on my ticket. 
 
76 
 
 x 
 
 Q. When you first came here what kind of furnaces were in use 
 at this mine ? 
 
 A. The old intermittent furnaces were in use when I came here. 
 I was largely employed in the improvement of them. 
 
 Witness here explains the various improvements made to the fur- 
 naces. These improvements save time, fuel, expense and labor, and 
 are safer for the men. 
 
 TESTIMONY OF EDWARD A. WILLIAMS. 
 
 By Mr. CROSS: 
 
 Q. What is your occupation ? 
 
 A. House carpenter. 
 
 Q. When did you first come here to work? 
 
 A. In the summer of 1882, and have worked here ever since. 
 
 Q. Where were you born? 
 
 A. In San Francisco. 
 
 Q. Who was the first President you voted for? 
 
 A. Grant, at his second election. 
 
 Q. What ticket did you vote at that time ? 
 
 A. Republican ticket. 
 
 Q. That was long before you ever were in the employ of this 
 company ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. What ticket have you voted ever since ? 
 
 ^L. Republican ticket. 
 
 Q. Do you vote pretty straight, or do you scratch some ? 
 
 A. Yery seldom scratch. 
 
 Q. Now, you say that you vote the Republican ticket, and have 
 been in the habit of doing so, although you sometimes scratch. 
 What measures, if any, have been taken here at the mine to influence 
 you in your voting ? 
 
 A. There never have been any at all. 
 
 Q. Anybody ever try to dictate to you how you should vote ? 
 
 A. Never. 
 
 Q. Any of the employees or officers of the mine ever try to 
 influence you in that matter ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. Have you ever had any fear or impression that the manner 
 in which you voted would have any influence upon your employment 
 or the wages you would get ? 
 
 A. Not at all; not at all. 
 
 Q. Have you ever known of anything of that kind amongst the 
 men who did work here ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. Did you ever see anything to indicate that any man was dis- 
 charged from the mine here on account of the way he voted ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
77 
 
 Q. Did Mr. Randol or Mr. Jennings, or any of the bosses or 
 foremen of the mine, ever tell you how you should vote ? 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. Or talk to you about the matter ? 
 A. No. 
 
 TESTIMONY OF WALLACE J. N ALONE. 
 
 By Mr. CROSS: 
 
 Q. What is your occupation ? 
 
 A. I am working for Mr. Bohlmann, a teamster. 
 
 Q. Where were you born ? 
 
 A. I was born in Humboldt, California. 
 
 Q. Have you ever voted ? 
 
 A. Twice at general elections. 
 
 Q. What ticket do you vote ? 
 
 A. Democratic. 
 
 Q. Did you vote in November, 1886 ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. In this precinct ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. What ticket did you vote ? 
 
 A. Democratic ticket. 
 
 Q. Did you do any scratching ? 
 
 A. Yes; one scratch. 
 
 Q. What was it? 
 
 A. Frank Branham; I scratched him out and put Sweigert on for 
 Sheriff. 
 
 Q. Why did you scratch him ? 
 
 A. I thought Branham had been there long enough, and better 
 
 give somebody else a chance. 
 
 Q. Anybody ever try to influence your vote ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. Ever try to dictate to vou ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. Have you ever had any understanding that a man has got to 
 
 draw boletos or he is likely to get discharged ? 
 
 A . I never heard of that before. 
 
 Q. Did you ever hear of any rule that a man must draw boletos 
 or quit ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. What wages do you get ? 
 
 A. $55 a month. 
 
 Q. Did you ever see anything here like intimidation of voters or 
 compelling them to vote for certain men ? 
 
 A. 'No. - 
 
 Q. Any electioneering around here ? 
 
 A. Just about like it is everywhere else. 
 
78 
 
 TESTIMONY OF S. C. NAVARRO. 
 
 By Mr. CROSS : 
 
 Q. Where were you born ? 
 
 A.. Los Angeles. 
 
 Q. What ticket did you vote in 1886 ? 
 
 A. Republican ticket. 
 
 Q. What nationality are you, or what descent rather? 
 
 A. I am of Spanish descent. 
 
 Q. What ticket do your people generally vote ? 
 
 A. Republican ticket so far as I know. 
 
 Q. Did anybody in the management of this mine ever try to 
 dictate to you how you should vote ? 
 
 A, No. 
 
 Q. Anybody try to interfere with your right to vote just as you 
 choose ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. Did you ever have any fear that you would be turned off if you 
 did not vote just as the managers of the mine wanted you to? 
 
 A. Never did. 
 
 TESTIMONY OF ROBERT COCKBURN. 
 
 By Mr. CROSS : 
 
 Q. How long have you worked for the company ? 
 
 A. I have worked off and on for the last five years pretty regu- 
 larly. 
 
 Q. Where were you born ? 
 
 A. New York city. 
 
 Q. Who was the first President you voted for ? 
 
 A. Garfield I believe was the first President I voted for. 
 
 Q. What ticket have you generally voted since ? 
 
 A. Republican ticket; never changed. 
 
 Q. Anybody ever try to interfere with your vote at an election ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. Anybody ever try to compel you to vote in a particular way 
 for any particular man ? 
 
 A. No. I did never hear of anybody doing so. 
 
 Q. Ever had any officers of the company, any of the bosses, or 
 any of the superintendents, or anybody of that kind trying to force 
 you to vote a certain way? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. Have you voted at any other places besides in New Almaden, 
 ever ? 
 
 A. Yes, I voted back East. 
 
 Q. Did you see any difference in the way they were doing around 
 the polls here than they do at any other places? 
 
 A. This is the quietest place I ever saw. 
 
 Q. Men are left alone pretty much? 
 
 A. Yes, they vote to suit themselves, so far as I could see. 
 
79 
 
 Q. Were there any Democratic tickets around here at the election 
 of November, 1886? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. Men distribute them at the polls ? 
 
 A. Yes, there were Democratic tickets around. I was offered a 
 Democratic ticket, and I told them I didn't want it. 
 
 Q. No trouble about a man getting a Democratic ticket if he 
 wanted it, was there ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. Is there any rule or custom compelling a man to draw boletos? 
 
 A. No, there is not that I know of. I never heard of any. 
 
 Q. Did you ever see that it made any difference in what you had 
 to pay for goods, whether you bought for coin or boletos ? 
 
 A. No, it is all the same. 
 
Bohlmann tells a Straight, Intelligent Story of his Connection with the Mine Bohl- 
 mann's Contracts with His Employees Bulmore Testifies, and Produces the Books 
 of the Miners' Fund in Evidence. 
 
 TESTIMONY OF FRANK BOHLMAN. 
 
 By Mr. CROSS: 
 
 Q. What is your age ? 
 
 A. Thirty-three years old, 
 
 Q. Where do you reside ? 
 
 A. Almaden. 
 
 Q. What is your occupation ? 
 
 A. Contractor and livery stable keeper and farmer and stage 
 proprietor. 
 
 Q. Where were you born ? 
 
 A. I was born in Almaden; lived here all my life with the ex- 
 ception of seven years. 
 
 Q. What are your business relations with the company ? 
 
 A. Timber contractor and ore hauling; I do all their freighting, 
 I think. 
 
 Q. How long have you had timber contracts with the company ? 
 
 A. I have been contracting for wood and timber for the last six- 
 teen years with them. 
 
 Q. How much timber do you furnish under the contract for the 
 present year ? 
 
 A. 750,000 feet. I have it cut and hewed. 
 
 Q. What other contracts have you with the company? 
 
 A. I have a contract to haul the ore from the planillas to the 
 dump, and the coal from the station to the Hill and to the different 
 shafts, that is, coal used in generating steam. 
 
 Q. How many horses do you employ in the business with the 
 company ? 
 
 A. I have about 130 head at the present time. 
 
 Q. How many men do you employ on these contracts ? 
 
 A. I have sometimes thirty-five men employed. 
 
 Q. Anybody have a right to employ and discharge them except 
 yourself ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. Something has been said in the testimony on the part of the 
 contestant about everybody not being allowed to drive teams on the 
 company's private road from the gate up the hill to the different 
 shafts. Explain the reason about that change. 
 
 A. Since last September it was thought better not to let them go 
 on the Hill for fear there would be an accident as there were so 
 many teams hauling up and down the hill; for me to keep a livery 
 stable and to take anybody that wanted to go up and show them the 
 shafts and different places, send a man along with them that was 
 
r Ft'll'lf 
 
 "** I- 1 -I; 
 
 
81 
 
 acquainted with the place and the road, one that knew how to look 
 out for teams. 
 
 Q. What is there about the road that makes it desirable that only 
 teams and drivers should go on that road who are familiar with the 
 road and the methods of doing business on it ? 
 
 A. The roads are steep and in some places narrow, and large 
 teams going up there, six-mule teams or horse teams, there are 
 places that if you do not look out they will be liable to run into one 
 another, or if a person has a scarey horse, they are liable to go over 
 the grade. 
 
 Q. What is there about the freight teams that is liable to frighten 
 other teams on the grade ? 
 
 A. There are bells on them strings of bells. 
 
 Q. What is the nature of the road as to it being straight or wind- 
 ing, coming around sharp points ? 
 
 A. It is a very crooked road. It frequently comes to high points 
 and sharp turns. There are turns that you cannot see until you 
 come right on them. 
 
 Q. What would be the effect upon the freighting business done 
 for the company of allowing everybody to drive teams up and down 
 that road ? 
 
 A. They are liable to meet with an accident of some kind. And 
 they might interfere with the traffic. In the summer time there are 
 a great many teams going up and down there. I should say twenty 
 or more during the summer, loaded teams. 
 
 Q, What do you charge for a team and driver to take a load up 
 that hill ? 
 
 A. I charge $2.50. 
 
 Q. Is that a public or a private road ? 
 
 A. Private road owned by The Quicksilver Mining Company. 
 
 Q. They claim the privilege of establishing such rules on their 
 own premises as they see fit ? 
 
 A. Yes; for their own convenience. 
 
 Q. On the part of the contestant there has been some testimony 
 about the men, who work for you, boarding at your sister's house ?" 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. Tell us all about it ? 
 
 A. I hire these men by the month and I pay them $35 a month 
 and board them, and I have them boarded at that place because I 
 get them boarded cheaper; for that reason I have them boarded 
 there. I think that is my privilege if I hire a man for so much and 
 his board, to board him where it is most to my interest. I think that 
 he has to board where I want him to board; I hire him in that way. 
 
 Q. You claim as you pay for his board that you have a right to 
 select the place where he shall board ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. What political party do you belong to. 
 
 A. The Republican party. Never anything else. Sometimes 
 I think that there is a good man on the other ticket and I put 
 him on mine. 
 
 Q. You know a man by the name of David Bryant who run for 
 Eecorder on the Democratic ticket, the last election ? 
 
82 
 
 A. Yes; I do. 
 
 Q. How did you account for him getting more votes here than 
 most of the Democrats did ? 
 
 A. I suppose on my account; I worked- a good deal for him and 
 I have men working for me that I asked to vote for him if they 
 would, and a good many consented to do it. Electioneering as men 
 do at elections sometimes for friends. 
 
 Q. You claim that you had a right to do that as an American 
 citizen ? 
 
 A. Yes; 1 think I have; it is done everywhere. 
 
 Q. Do you know of any reason why they should have a right to 
 send a man out here from San Jose or from San Francisco to work 
 at these polls to get votes for certain men and not give you or 
 any one else that has lived here a right to electioneer for their 
 friends. 
 
 A. I do not. 
 
 Q. Some claim is made here that they could not get accommo- 
 dation for their teams here. Do you know anything about that 
 matter ? 
 
 A. Yes. Mr. Sullivan drove up here the first day, I think, 
 the investigation was going on, and tied his horses under the shed. 
 I asked him why he did not put up at the stable and give me 
 a chance to make a dollar out of him, and he said he did not because 
 he was afraid I would not take him in. I told him to try me the 
 next time he came up and see; so the next day he drove up and 
 came in, and his horses were properly taken care of, and I got the 
 dollar. He did it again the second time. That was the last time 
 he came. 
 
 Q. Do you know anything about boletos? 
 
 A. Yes, the men who work for me have the privilege of boletos. 
 
 Q. Any man who works for you, is he compelled to vote in any 
 particular way ? 
 
 A. No, he exercises his option the same as other voters. 
 
 Q. Has anybody been discharged from your employment on ac- 
 count of political reasons ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. Was Reedy in your employment at one time ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. When did he quit your employment, and what were the cir- 
 cumstances ? 
 
 A. He is a man that talks a great deal, and had a great deal to 
 say, and one day when he came out to the stage in front of the store, 
 I told him he could go. He was using vulgar language. 
 
 Q. Was it anything about politics ? 
 
 A. No, nothing to do with politics. 
 
 Q. Were you under any obligations to keep him, that you know 
 of, any longer than you wanted him ? 
 
 A. No. 
 

 
 # 
 
83 
 
 TESTIMONY OP R. R. BULMORE. 
 
 By Mr. CROSS : 
 
 Q. What is your occupation ? 
 
 A. Accountant and Hacienda foreman. 
 
 Q. Where were you born ? 
 
 A. I was born in London, England. 
 
 Q. Where were you educated ? 
 
 A. At Wimberly House Academy, Fulham. 
 
 Q. What branches did you give your particular attention to ? 
 
 A. General assaying cf the precious metals. 
 
 Q. Who were your instructors ? 
 
 A. Doctors Boycott and Leibig. 
 
 Q. Where were they employed? 
 
 A. In the mint in Calcutta, East Indies. 
 
 Q. Did you ever have any service under the Government of 
 Great Britain? 
 
 A. I did; I received a commission and served in a cavalry 
 regiment throughout the Indian mutiny as an officer during the years 
 1856 to 1859. 
 
 Q. What certificate did you have as to your qualification as an 
 assayer ? 
 
 A. I hold a certificate from the Bank of England qualifying me 
 to be an assay-master for any of Her Majesty's mints abroad. 
 
 Q. When did you come to California? 
 
 A. In 1866; I came out here as an accountant for the Commer- 
 cial Bank of India; afterwards I was interested in the North Point 
 Dock Warehouse in San Francisco, with E, B. Gothen, until it was 
 destroyed by a fire ; I was then engaged as an accountant and Hacienda 
 foreman for The Quicksilver Mining Company by Mr. Eandol on the 
 8th of September, 1878; I have held that position ever since. 
 
 Q, When did you become a voter in this country ? 
 
 A. I think I first voted in November, 1882; I voted the Republi- 
 can ticket. 
 
 Q. Have you affiliated with that party ever since ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. There has been some testimony that the night before election 
 you were scratching some tickets. What tickets were they ? 
 
 A. Ee publican tickets; in favor of Democrats. 
 
 Q. What Democrats were you scratching in favor of? 
 
 A. Particularly Mr. Moulder. 
 
 Q. What reason had you for favoring Mr. Moulder's candidacy 
 over the candidate on your own party ticket ? 
 
 A. I am personally acquainted with him, and he is a relation of 
 a friend of mine; I had social relations with him, 
 
 Q. Did you try to use your position in the company to coerce or 
 intimidate or force any one to vote for any particular ticket or any 
 particular candidate ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. What are most of the voters of this precinct as to their party 
 relations? 
 
 A. Affiliate with the Republican party. 
 
84 
 
 Q. Since you have been connected with this company do you 
 know of any one having been discharged on account of the way they 
 voted or intended to vote, or for any political reasons ? 
 
 A. Never; never have. 
 
 Q. Do you know of anything having been done during Mr. Ran- 
 dol's administration to control or force theiree exercise of the fran- 
 chise in this precinct ? 
 
 A. None whatever. 
 
 Q. There has been some testimony about your having a small 
 book here on election day in which you had notes of the men voting. 
 What did that book contain? 
 
 A. That book simply contained an alphabetical list of voters. 
 
 Q. Of this precinct ? 
 
 A. Of this precinct, as they appear on the great register. 
 
 Q. Now, then, what mark did you put upon the book when a 
 man voted ? 
 
 A. Simply a pencil mark that he had voted; simply a check mark. 
 
 Q. Was there anything in your book at that election to indicate 
 how men had voted? 
 
 A. Not anything of the kind. 
 
 Q. State what use there is for having this alphabetical list of 
 voters of the precinct with their register numbers opposite to their 
 names? 
 
 A. To facilitate the voting; when a dozen or more men come down 
 on the stage they cannot all look at the Great Register at once, and 
 they ask- me for their numbers, giving their name, and I give each 
 man his number, and in the event of his being unable to write or 
 read or remember the number, I give it to him upon a piece of paper. 
 
 Q. How is it a benefit to the men to have the stages run on that 
 day from the Hill to the polling place ? 
 
 A. A benefit to the men this way: They can ride instead of 
 walk. It benefits The Quicksilver Mining Company this way: the 
 men are less time away from their duties than they otherwise would 
 be; and are then in better condition for their labor when they re- 
 turn to it. 
 
 Q. There has been some testimony given that some Chinamen 
 were sent away from here because they had some soap given them 
 Chinamen engaged in the wash-house business here. Do you know 
 anything about the circumstances under which the Chinamen left 
 here? 
 
 A. I was told by Mr. Eandol to send the Chinese laundry people 
 away in order to give two or three widows that were here a better 
 chance to make a living by washing for the public. 
 
 Q. Have you anything to do with the collecting of the rents of 
 the cottages ? 
 
 A. I collect the rents of the houses rented by the company. 
 
 Q. What are the rents of the cottages ? 
 
 A. They will average $5 a month. 
 
 Q. How many rooms do they contain ? 
 
 A. From four to seven. The company keeps those cottages in 
 repair. 
 
 Q. What is your relation to the Miners' Fund ? 
 

85 
 
 A. I am Secretary of the Miners' Fund. 
 
 Q. As such Secretary do you have custody of the books and ac- 
 counts of the Miners' Fund ? 
 
 A. Yes; I keep the accounts and make all collections and dis- 
 bursements under the direction of Mr. Eandol, the trustee. I re- 
 ceive a small salary, the trustee serves without compensation. 
 
 Q. Mr. Eandol gets no compensation ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. Have you made up a tabulated statement of the expenses of 
 that fund ? 
 
 A. I have. 
 
 A. What has been the total amount of the receipts of the Miners 1 
 Fund for the last sixteen years, from the time that Mr. Eandol be- 
 came Trustee of it up to the present time. 
 
 A. $108,954.00. 
 
 Q. How much of that amount has come from this collection of a 
 dollar a month from each person who contributes to the fund ? 
 
 A. $98,909.80; and for other receipts I refer to Exhibit A. 
 
 Q. Now you may state what the disbursements have been; what 
 they are for, and the several amounts ? 
 
 A. The disbursements are : salary of physicians, $60,911; medi- 
 cal stores, $15,820.39, that is the medicine that has been purchased 
 and distributed at the dispensary here, for which was realized 
 $4,558; contributions to the sick and disabled, $4,812.85, that 
 means a person who has been a contributor until he was taken 
 sick or unable to work and could not contribute, then he would be 
 helped along by contribution or donation to him or his family 
 out of this fund; salary paid to the secretary, $4,562.34; hos- 
 pital nurses, $3,613.07; consultation fees, $1,858. In the event of a 
 serious accident or in a complicated case, the resident physician hav- 
 ing some doubt as to the right course of procedure, would telegraph 
 to town for consultation, that would be paid for out of this fund. 
 For livery prior to 1878, $1,425.78, funeral expenses, $1,076.84; 
 board for patients, $1,733.20; furniture, $583.94; office furniture, 
 hospital furniture, beds, chairs, furniture for the dispensary, shelves, 
 scales and weights, and all the general details that constitute a gen- 
 eral drug store. Surgical instruments, $501.42; office boy prior to 
 1878, $418.75; incidental expenses, $638.40; small loans unpaid, $65 
 at the present time. 
 
 Q. Also some cases in which patients made small loans from the 
 Fund? 
 
 A. Yes; that is done in many cases; it has been all repaid except 
 $65; subscriptions to medical journals and works periodicals, 
 $369.80; disinfectants, $330.19; smallpox hospital, $117.25; taxes, 
 $18; fuel, prior to 1878, $15.22; apothecary salary, $708; Helping 
 Hand Club, $726.78; care of graves, $20; that makes the total ex- 
 penditures of the Fund, $100,443.22. 
 
 Q. What does that leave on hand in the Fund ? 
 
 A. It leaves on hand in the Fund $8,510.78 to its credit. 
 
 Q. 'Where is this balance of $8,510.78 ? 
 A. Deposited in three banks. 
 
 Q. What banks are thev ? 
 
A. The Security Savings Bank, the San Francisco Savings Union 
 and the Hibernia Savings and Loan Society. 
 Q. Have you the bank books here ? 
 
 A. Yes; they are here, showing the balance on the 31st of De- 
 cember 1886, in each bank. 
 
 Q. How is this money deposited; in whose name ? 
 A. It is deposited in the name of "J. B. Randol, Agent Miners' 
 Fund." 
 
 Q. You may state the amount on deposit in each bank on the 
 31st day of December last ? 
 
 A. The Security Savings Bank, $4,141.82: the San Francisco 
 Savings Union, $2,951.07; Hibernia Savings and Loan Society, $2,- 
 379.29, making a total of $9,472.18. You will observe that is in ex- 
 cess of the amount that the balance calls for. 
 Q. Will you explain how that is ? 
 
 A. Yes; in December, 1885, we made a deposit of $1000; in 1886 
 we had several accidents and our expenses in consequence became 
 greater that year. Greater than the receipts and greater than usual. 
 1886 was, so far as the Miners' Fund was concerned, unfortunate; 
 we had several accidents and by the end of 1886 we had spent $961. 
 40 more than we had on hand. Deducting the $961. 40 from the bal- 
 ance the total amount in the banks you get the exact balance of $8, 
 510.78, the difference between the receipts and disbursements for 
 the 16 years. 
 
 Q. Was that $961.40 paid originally out of the Miners' Fund? 
 A. No, that was advanced by the trustee, Mr. Randol. 
 Q. What reason was there for that ? 
 
 A. He advanced it in the course of the year in order not to draw 
 from the funds in the banks belonging to the fund, so as to be able 
 to receive the full amount of interest on the deposits at the end of 
 the year. 
 
 Q. If that money had been drawn it would have prevented the 
 drawing of interest on the deposit, would it ? 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. And by advancing that, that amount of interest was saved to 
 the fund? 
 A. Exactly. 
 
 Q. In your judgment is this deposit or this surplus that you now 
 have a large surplus for such a fund ? 
 
 A. We have over $8,500 in the banks, but I do not think it is 
 large for the institution. 
 
 Q. What amount would be desirable to have, do you think, as a 
 safety fund ? 
 
 A. As a safety fund, I should think that they ought to have at 
 least $10,000 on hand. 
 
 Q. What reason is there for having as large a fund as that on 
 hand? 
 
 A. In the event of a serious accident where many are hurt, it 
 would require such a sum to fall back upon and properly care for 
 them, so as not to increase the monthly assessment of one dollar, as 
 it is at present. 
 
 Q. Tou think $10,000 would not be an unreasonable sum to have 
 
87 
 
 on hand, considering the extent of the mine where it is possible to 
 have a serious accident which would make a heavy drain on the 
 fund? 
 
 A. I do. 
 
 Q. Did the amount collected for the Miners' .Fund in 1886 meet 
 the expenses of the fund ? 
 
 A. The amount collected did not. 
 
 B. From your connection with the fund, what do you say as to 
 the feeling of the contributors towards the fund ? 
 
 A. I think it is accepted by everybody as being beneficial. 
 
 Q. Does anybody besides the miners and laboring men contribute 
 to that fund ? 
 
 A. Everybody. Mr. Eandol and every officer in the company's 
 service contributes to that fund one dollar a month, and the resident 
 physician attends them and their families. I am of the opinion that 
 it is beneficial to everybody; it is without discrimination; the resi- 
 dent physician responds to a call at any hour, day or night, often 
 having dangerous rides on a dark stormy night in winter to visit a 
 laborer's cottage. 
 
 Q. What salary does the resident physician receive ? 
 
 A. $400 a month. 
 
 Q. Has he had occasion to doctor in your family? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. What do you think of his competency to fill such a place V 
 
 A. He has been very successful in treating me for neuralgia and 
 general debility. 
 
 Q. Have there ever been any complaints made to your knowledge 
 of the management of the Miners' Fund ? 
 
 A. No; never heard of any, nor of a desire for a change. 
 
 Q. How are the drugs supplied which are distributed by the 
 dispensary ? 
 
 A. The drugs are all purchased from a wholesale house and are 
 of the best quality obtainable. 
 
 Q. When those drugs are sold what is done with the money re- 
 ceived ? 
 
 A. It is handed over to me at the end of every month and goes 
 into the Miners' Fund. 
 
 Q. What does the company do towards the support and main- 
 tenance of the regular physician, if anything ? 
 
 A. The Quicksilver Mining Company assists the fund by provid- 
 ing gratuitously the house for the physician and the physician's office 
 and the dispensary on the Hill, and the office and dispensary at the 
 Hacienda, livery for his horse and fuel at the dispensaries during 
 the winter, both at the Hill and the Hacienda. Those things are 
 furnished without expense to the Miners' Fund. 
 
The Lessees of the New Almaden Stores and their Clerks Testify The Boleto System 
 more fully Explained Direct Statements vs. Hearsay. 
 
 TESTIMONY OF THOMAS DERBY. 
 
 By Mr. MOORE : 
 
 Q. Where were you born ? 
 
 A. New York. 
 
 Q. What is your age, please ? 
 
 A. Forty-three years. 
 
 Q. You are the Derby of the firm of Derby & Lowe, are you 
 not, lessees of the stores at New Almaden ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. State, if you please, your connection with this business; how 
 you first came to be associated with the place, and the history of 
 your connection with the stores ? 
 
 A. I came to this State in 1864 with Mr. S. F. Butterworth, who 
 was President and Manager of The Quicksilver Mining Company at 
 that time. I remained with him in San Francisco, as a clerk, for 
 several months; about this time The Quicksilver Mining Company 
 erected two store buildings at New Almaden, and leased them to C. 
 J. Brenham; I then left the employ of Mr. Butterworth to take 
 charge of the store business for Mr. Brenham, residing in San 
 Francisco, and purchasing all the goods. 1 continued in that posi- 
 tion until Mr. Brenham died in 1875. Shortly before Mr. Brenham 
 died, Mr. Butterworth purchased the stores from him. I continued 
 in charge of the stores for Mr. Butterworth until he died, on May 
 6th, 1875. Mr. Butterworth bequeathed the stores to his nephew, 
 Mr. Eandol, who was then, and is now General Manager of The 
 Quicksilver Mining Company at this place. About this time I was 
 contemplating a trip abroad, and Mr. Eandol came to me and said 
 that he knew nothing about store business, had no use for the stores, 
 and made a proposition to dispose of them to me. I accepted the 
 proposition and became the owner of the business. That severed 
 Mr. Eandol's connection with the stores. I then engaged Mr. Lowe, 
 my present partner, to take charge of the stores for me, and in 
 November, 1876, I formed a co-partnership ' with Mr, Lowe in the 
 business, which has continued ever since. 
 
 Q. How do you obtain these stores ? 
 
 A, We rent the stores under a lease direct from the main office 
 of the company in New York City. 
 
 Q. In that lease are there any conditions attached as to what 
 character of stores you are to keep ? 
 
 A. We agree with the company to keep in the stores a well 
 selected stock of provisions and other merchandise for the use of 
 
89 
 
 : the employees of the company, not to retail any liquors, and to 
 maintain good order in and around the premises. 
 
 Q. Do you reside at Almaden ? 
 
 A. No; I reside in San Francisco and attend to purchasing 
 goods for the stores. Mr. Lowe resides at New Almaden, and is in 
 personal charge of the stores. 
 
 Q. Have you any employees in this business ? 
 
 A. Yes; we employ six clerks at both stores. 
 
 Q. What kind of goods are sold in these stores? 
 
 A. We keep a full and well assorted supply of all kinds of mer- 
 chandise, such as is usually kept in any first-class, well regulated 
 country store, especially goods adapted for miners. 
 
 Q. What class of goods is it necessary for you to keep, for 
 instance, in the line of provisions ? 
 
 A. Our customers demand the best quality of provisions, and are 
 willing to pay the prices of a good article in preference to purchas- 
 ing inferior grades at lower prices. It is also necessary for us to 
 keep only the best grades of such articles of clothing and other 
 articles of wearing apparel as are suited to the wants of our custom- 
 ers as miners, and they also are fully as particular in regard to goods 
 for dress, demanding the best for themselves and their families. 
 
 Q. How do prices charged at your store compare with prices in 
 any other place; for instance, San Jose and San Francisco? 
 
 A. I consider our prices compare favorably with the prices ob- 
 tained in San Jose or San Francisco for the same class and quality 
 of goods; until very recently we were obliged to add extra for freight 
 from San Jose to the Hacienda store, and from the Hacienda to the 
 Hill store. 
 
 Q. Is the freight any more from San Jose to the Hill store than 
 it is from San Jose to the Hacienda ? 
 
 A. It costs as much to haul from the Hacienda to the Hill, a dis- 
 tance of less than three miles, as it does from San Jose to the Haci- 
 enda, a distance of twelve miles; this is owing to the steep grade of 
 the road to the Hill. 
 
 Q. You say until very recently you were obliged to add for this 
 extra freight. Do you still add that ? 
 
 A. No; the railroad has recently been completed to a point within 
 two miles of the Hacienda which reduces freight charges to this 
 place. 
 
 Q. In regard to purchasing at the stores, it was testified by one 
 of the witnesses for the contestant that he was surprised at an ab- 
 sence of anything like bargaining among purchasers who were buy- 
 ing at the stores; he said that persons would come in and ask 
 for an article, they would never ask the price, but would sim- 
 ply lay down the money or boletos and walk off; he accounted for 
 this, I believe, on the supposition that the store charged just exactly 
 what it pleased for any articles that it sold. How about this bar- 
 gaining at the stores, can you explain it, or the lack of bargaining, 
 that generally takes place between customers and keepers of stores ? 
 
 A. We charge but one price to all our customers alike; most of 
 these people have been trading with us for a long time and the cost 
 of goods is well known to them; this fact will probably account for 
 
90 
 
 the absence of bargaining and questions as to how much an article 
 costs, that so surprised the gentleman who noted the absence of 
 questions about the cost of the different articles by those buying at 
 the stores. 
 
 Q. Now as to the manner in which you conduct your business 
 and the profits arising therefrom, will you state ? 
 
 A. Our aim in conducting our business is to make a fair and reas- 
 onable profit only on the goods we handle; we do not as a rule, sell 
 some goods below cost as is generally done elsewhere for advertising 
 purposes, and for this reason it is not necessary for us to charge ex- 
 orbitant prices for any article to make up the loss on goods sold 
 below cost. 
 
 Q. It was stated by some of the contestant's witnesses that you 
 charge exorbitantly for boots, -"coin" boots I believe they are 
 called. What are those boots? 
 
 A. The boot referred to is a particular make of mining boot, es- 
 pecially adapted to the conditions of work here, and is of the best 
 quality and make, which is evidenced by the fact that orders are re- 
 ceived by us from miners who have worked here and gone away; 
 they send for it from points as distant as Idaho and other mining 
 camps. These boots are not kept in San Jose or in agricultural com- 
 munities, there being no sale for them in such places. They are 
 boots especially adapted for miners' use, where the ground is rocky 
 and wet. They are made very strong, full nailed and of the best 
 quality of material, and are imported for our trade here, as I was 
 never able to find a boot good enough in the general stock of the 
 wholesale houses in San Francisco. 
 
 Q. Now is the company in any way interested in these stores ? 
 
 A. The Quicksilver Mining Company, no. 
 
 Q. Are they purchasers from you at all? 
 
 A. They purchase to a very limited extent, amounting to an 
 average of about $50 a month, and they pay the same prices as any 
 one else. 
 
 Q. A great deal has been said about the boleto system. Do you 
 know how that system came into use, and why it came into use ? 
 
 A. The boleto system was originated by me for the purpose of 
 simplifying the credit system, which is to a certain extent a necessi- 
 ty in any line of trade, and to enable us to issue these boletos with- 
 out danger of loss to ourselves, I requested privilege of access to 
 the time-book of the company, and the Manager, thinking that this 
 system would be directly beneficial to the employees granted the 
 request. 
 
 Q. Is any employee of the company compelled to take boletos or 
 any amount of them ? 
 
 A. No, the use of boletos are entirely optional with the employees. 
 
 Q. Were you ever present at an election in this precinct, Mr. 
 Derby ? 
 
 A. Yes, I was here at the election in 1886, and was around the 
 polls occasionally during the day. 
 
 Q. While you were there did you see anything that indicated 
 coercion or undue influence and compulsion in the voting of any 
 employees of the company ? 
 
91 
 
 A. No, I did not see anything indicating bulldozing, coercion or 
 intimidation of the voters by any one, and I know as a fact that such 
 was not the case. 
 
 Q. How was the election conducted, that is among outsiders. 
 Of course I do not refer now to what happened in the room, but on 
 the outside, around the polls ? 
 
 A. Such electioneering was carried on as is in vogue at all places; 
 some worked for party and some for friends. I myself am a Demo- 
 crat, and upon my party ticket at the last election were three gen- 
 tlemen whom I considered possessed of superior qualifications, two 
 of them being personal friends, and in the success of these gen- 
 tlemen I was particularly interested. 
 
 Q. Did you try to influence any one else ? 
 
 A. I myself scratched some of the tickets, Mr. Bulmore scratched 
 some, and possibly some were scratched by others. 
 
 Q. Did these gentlemen receive any higher vote than the general 
 party ticket received in this precinct at that time, do you know ? 
 
 A. Yes, they did. 
 
 Q. To what do you consider that increased vote due ? 
 
 A. I attribute it to my efforts and the efforts of other friends in 
 their behalf. 
 
 Q. Who are the gentlemen that you have spoken of, you have 
 said, there were three, I believe V 
 
 A. A. J. Moulder, Mr. Hendricks and W. W. Foote. 
 
 Q. On what ticket ware they candidates ? 
 
 A. They were on the Democratic ticket. 
 
 Q. You speak of scratching some tickets; what party tickets were 
 those that were scratched ? 
 
 A. Kepublican tickets. 
 
 Q. Where and how were those tickets scratched ? 
 
 A. We obtained some Kepublican tickets the night before elec- 
 tion, upon which we wrote these gentlemen's names, and whenever 
 we could get a Eepublican to vote this ticket we certainly did so. 
 
 Q. When you speak of using your influence for these gentlemen 
 among your friends, do I understand from that, that it was among the 
 people in this precinct especially ? 
 
 A. Yes; more especially my clerks and employees in the stores. 
 
 Q. Employees of your own ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. Are these gentlemen connected with The Quicksilver Mining 
 Company ? 
 
 A. No; no connection whatever with the company. 
 
 Q. What are your personal relations with your employees ? 
 
 A. Very friendly and pleasant. 
 
 Q. Did you have any reason to believe that any request of yours 
 upon such a matter as this would receive consideration at their 
 hands ? 
 
 A. I think that they would oblige me in that respect if it was not 
 against the dictates of their own conscience to do so. 
 
 Q. Were there any other tickets advocated by workers around 
 the polls that you know of ? 
 
 A.. I understand that Mr. Lowe worked for the straight Bepubli- 
 
92 
 
 can ticket, and Mr. Heath worked for the Democratic ticket. Mr. 
 Heath was an employee of the mine. 
 
 Q. Were there others besides Mr. Lowe and Mr. Heath ? 
 
 A. There were others; some were working for the straight ticket 
 on either side, and others for particular friends on each side; during 
 the day I met some men working for one man and some for another. 
 It is difficult to tell who was working for any particular person, as I 
 paid very little attention to the matter. 
 
 Q. Your efforts for these gentlemen on the Democratic ticket, 
 who were friends of yours, were something independent of The Quick- 
 silver Mining Company or its management, if I understand you. 
 
 A. Entirely so. I was working and exercising my privilege as a 
 citizen. 
 
 Q. Now, did you yourself, in that work you did for these men, 
 attempt anything like coercion of any voters ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. Were any tickets given folded to men and they compelled to 
 vote them without knowing their contents ? 
 
 A. No; they were handed to them openly and legally. 
 
 Q. Were they compelled to vote these tickets ? 
 
 A. No; not unless they chose to do so. What votes I got were 
 upon the grounds of friendship. 
 
 Q. Is the present place of taking testimony, in your opinion, con- 
 venient for the witnesses who have been here examined. 
 
 A. Yes; very convenient. 
 
 Q. Is it more convenient than another place, such as San Jose, 
 for instance, would be ? 
 
 A. Yes; it is much more convenient than San Jose, for the 
 reason that it would be more expensive for them to go to San Jose. 
 They would lose time from their labors, and the expenses of travel 
 would far exceed the fees that are allowed them in such cases. 
 
 Q. Is the present place of taking testimony open to the public ? 
 
 A. Yes; perfectly open and free. 
 
 Q. How is this building situated as to the public road ? 
 
 A. It is situated right on the public road leading from San Jose 
 to the Hacienda. 
 
 Q. In what condition regarding travel is it? 
 
 A. Yery fine traveling condition. It is one of the best roads in 
 the county. 
 
 Q. And the distance ? 
 
 A. The distance is about twelve miles, and can be driven over 
 with a good team in about one hour. 
 
 TESTIMONY OF RALPH LOWE. 
 
 I am 18 years of age. I was born in Massachusetts. I came to 
 California in 1852. I came to Almaden June 27th, 1865; was em- 
 ployed as clerk in the company's office till April, 1870, then went to 
 the mine as outside foreman till July, 1870; I was away at White 
 Pine, Nevada, and elsewhere till December, 1870, after that was 
 employed as clerk in the store till about August, 1873, when I left 
 
93 
 
 the store and was employed by The Quicksilver Mining Company till 
 August or September, 1874, and then assumed charge of the stores 
 as agent of S. F. Butterworth till May, 1875, and remained in the 
 same capacity for Mr. Derby till the latter part of 1876, when Mr. 
 Derby and myself formed a "partnership for the purpose of maintain- 
 ing and carrying on the business of merchandising in New Almaden 
 and are still so engaged. 
 By Mr. CROSS: 
 
 Q. Who owns the stores and store business ? 
 
 A. Mr. Derby and myself. 
 
 Q. Does Mr. Kandol or The Quicksilver Mining Company or any- 
 body connected with it, own any interest in these stores ? 
 
 A. They do not. They belong solely to Mr. Derby and myself. 
 
 Q. Have you any business connection with Mr. Kandol or with 
 The Quicksilver Mining Company ? 
 
 A. I have not; Mr. Derby and myself lease the stores at an annual 
 rental from the Board of Directors of The Quicksilver Mining Com- 
 pany in New York. 
 
 Q, Who are your principal customers ? 
 
 A. Our principal customers are the employees of The Quicksilver 
 Mining Company and the farmers about the mine, but principally 
 the employees of the company. 
 
 Q. Do you furnish supplies to the officers of the company as 
 well as to the miners and laborers ? 
 
 A. Yes, we do; we have one price for everybody. 
 
 Q. There has been some testimony on the part of the contestant 
 that they do not hear dickering going on in your stores; how do 
 you account for that? 
 
 A. We have one price for everything; they often come and 
 ask the price, but as our customers are continuous customers, they 
 generally know the prices of these things that do not fluctuate. 
 
 Q. Of course prices in some articles fluctuate here as they do in 
 other places ? 
 
 A. Fluctuate here as in other places; the most of the trading in the 
 store on the Hill is done with the wives of the employees; we offer 
 no goods as a bid; we do not pretend to sell any goods at cost ex- 
 cept it is to sell out old stock and old prints; we make leaders of 
 nothing; we sell at a reasonable profit. 
 
 Q. I wish you would state briefly what the boleto system is, and 
 how it is operated. 
 
 A. Boletos, so called, are simply orders given to the employees 
 of the company by the store for the purpose of purchasing goods; 
 they arte issued to simplify the accounts and to accommodate the 
 miners, as an advance on th'eir wages, prior to pay-day. 
 
 Q. I suppose while these orders are issued for goods at the stores, 
 that people who get them do a little dickering with them, don't they? 
 
 A. They do sometimes, but they finally all work around to the 
 stores. 
 
 Q. Are all the goods at the stores purchased for boletos ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. Do you make any difference in prices between goods pur- 
 chased for boletos and those purchased for cash ? 
 
94 
 
 A. No difference. 
 
 Q. What means have you of ascertaining whether or not it is safe 
 to issue boletos to any given man and what quantity it is safe to is- 
 sue to him ? 
 
 A. We have access to the company's books, and then I know the 
 men so well and I am here so long that I advance these for them 
 whenever they want them. I take the word of a great many and 
 of others I do not. I ascertain from the office of the company how 
 much they have coming to them and advance a portion of that to 
 them. 
 
 Q. Like any other credit system, there are men that you know 
 that you can trust? . 
 
 A." Yes, that I have confidence in and I can trust. 
 
 Q. Now then, how do. you get your pay for these boletos ? 
 
 A. The amount I report to the office of the company and it is 
 deducted from the men's pay, if they have it coming to them on pay- 
 day, and we are paid that money. 
 
 Q. How is this boleto system any better than the ordinary svstem 
 of credit? 
 
 A, By simplifying the accounts and preventing disputes; if per- 
 sons have pass books that they bring and a book account, there are 
 often disputes, they don't bring their books sometimes and some- 
 times that way there would be disputes. Now as these boletos are 
 issued in even amounts, the persons drawing them can better keep an 
 account of them, and consequently we very seldom, if ever, have 
 any disputes, and it pretty near saves the trouble and expense of 
 bookkeeping. A great many of the men, as soon as they get their 
 pay, their money, they send it off to town to invest it, as they have 
 no safe and there are no safes here or any convenient places to de- 
 posit it; they do not like to keep the money in the house, and they 
 send it off to the banks or other places; and then draw these boletos 
 as they want them for the purpose of furnishing the supplies for the 
 family during the month. 
 
 Q. Have you had occasion to transact business for a good many 
 of the men that are employed by the company ? 
 
 A. I transact some business for them and advise them about in- 
 vestments and so on. A great many parties advise with me about 
 investments men that work for the company and others. 
 
 Q. Do you know whether there are a great many of them that 
 own stock and have money on deposit in the bank ? 
 
 A. A good many of them have money in banks and money in- 
 vested in different kinds of stocks and bonds. The San Jose water 
 stock was a favorite stock with them for- a while. San Francisco 
 water stock has always been a favorite with them. 
 
 Q. Do you know anything about politics? 
 
 A. I have been somewhat engaged in politics off and on since I 
 was about sixteen years of age. 
 
 Q. Where did you vote the first time you ever voted? 
 
 A. My first vote was cast in San Jose for Stephen A. Douglas for 
 President, and I have voted for every Republican candidate for Presi- 
 dent since. I have not always voted a straight ticket. Not voted 
 for all Republican candidates, I suppose. 
 
95 
 
 Q. You went to the Eepublican party at the time so maijy Dem- 
 ocrats did, at the opening of the war, did you ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. Do you ever take any part in politics at the mine ? 
 
 A. I generally do. 
 
 Q. What do you do; explain that matter pretty fully ? 
 
 A . I am a Eepublican and I have no excuse to offer for it. 
 
 Q. Go right along now and tell us what you do. 
 
 A. Generally if the Kepublican tickets are not sent to me, I try 
 to get hold of some of them, and I take and distribute them around 
 to all the men that I know to be Eepublicans, that I can find, and I 
 give them the tickets the day before election that is when I take 
 an interest in the election and I generally come down here to the 
 polls and stay here most of the day and distribute tickets to outsiders 
 and others who have not got them. The ticket that I give out is 
 generally a straight Eepublican ticket. 
 
 Q. If you could get a Democrat to take a Eepublican ticket and 
 vote it, would you try ? 
 
 A. If I should succeed, I would think that I had done well. 
 
 Q. Do you ever try to force men to vote ? 
 
 A. No, I never try to force them, never try to buy a man; I have 
 tried to persuade them, but here at Almaden they do not require 
 much persuasion to vote the Eepublican ticket. 
 
 Q. What are the politics of most of the men ? 
 
 A. Most of the men are Eepublicans. 
 
 Q. The general party vote here for a good many years has been 
 pretty uniform, has it not ? 
 
 A. It has been pretty uniform. It has been Eepublican generally. 
 
 Q. Pretty strong Eepublican, is it not ? 
 
 A. Generally. Four years ago the precinct went for Governor 
 Stoueman, and he was a Democratic candidate. That year General 
 Stoneman carried the State by an immense majority, and he carried 
 this county by a large majority, although I consider this county a 
 Eepublican county. 
 
 Q. Had there been anything like it in the history of politics 
 generally in this State, so far as you know ? 
 
 A. I never knew any Governor to be elected by such a large ma- 
 jority, although Governor Irwin had a larger plurality, yet it was not 
 a majority. Never been as large majorities cast for any ticket as 
 there were that year for the Democratic ticket. So that the vote of 
 this precinct was not very remarkable as compared with the vote of 
 this State and county. That year for some reason, those prominent 
 in the Eepublican party did not take much interest in achieving the 
 success of the party, and I believe that was the reason. 
 
 Q. Are you about the polls a great deal on election day ? 
 
 A. I was at the polls on election day from about nine o'clock in 
 the morning to about four o'clock in the afternoon in Nov., 1886. 
 
 Q . What were you doing that day ? 
 
 A. I was distributing straight Eepublican tickets. 
 
 Q. There has been some testimony given about two men going 
 into Doctor Winn's office with you, adjoining the polling place, and 
 
96 
 
 that afterwards they came out and voted. Will you please to un- 
 bosom yourself, and tell us what transpired in that room ? 
 
 A. No person that I know of ever went in there with me for the 
 purpose of fixing their tickets. I have no recollection of anything 
 of that kind occurring. I do not think it did occur because I would 
 have remembered it if it did. 
 
 Q. It would not have been anything strange if you went to his 
 office with two gentlemen ? 
 
 A. No; I probably was there several times during the day. 
 Doctor Winn was in his office and I went in there and had a talk 
 with him about the election and talked with others in there, but I 
 never went in there for the purpose of fixing a ticket or controlling 
 a vote. 
 
 Q. There was some testimony given that you said something in 
 Spanish to a man here that day. I think the testimony was that 
 Peter Denning, who was distributing Democratic tickets, stopped a 
 man to talk to him, and you came along and said something to the 
 man in Spanish, and the man went off rather hurriedly and voted. 
 Can you state what it was ? 
 
 A. Since my attention has been called to it there was a man by 
 the name of Manuel Selaya who had secured a ticket at some place. I 
 had not given it to him. He came along and there were some men 
 here, I think the Kedmonds, wanted him to change his ticket, and I 
 made some kind of a jocular remark to him. 
 
 Q. What was the amount of it ? 
 
 A. I told him to tell them that, he would vote that way in the 
 spring, and he said that he would and passed on, and I suppose he 
 voted. I don't know. 
 
 Q. Was Selaya working for the company ? 
 
 A. He was not working for the company; does not work for the 
 company at all. He is an acquaintance of mine who lives in the 
 Uvas, about four miles from here. Farmer or woodman. 
 
 Q. Did you see the tickets before election day in November, 
 1886 V 
 
 A. I saw them in the afternoon before election. 
 
 Q. Where were they left, do you remember ? 
 
 A. The tickets were left at the store on the Hill. I got a lot and 
 took them, some over to the company's office, some to the Helping 
 Hand Club, some to the boarding house, some to the saloon on the 
 Hill, and either brought or sent some down here to the Hacienda, 
 and put some in the store and left some with Mr. Bulmore, late in 
 the afternoon of the day previous to the election. I left them at the 
 places where they would be most likely to be seen and voted. They 
 were Republican tickets. 
 
 Q. Were there any other tickets distributed about the polls on 
 election day besides Republican tickets ? 
 
 A. There were Democratic, Prohibition and American tickets 
 distributed. 
 
 Q. Any difficulty about getting tickets if a man wanted to vote a 
 Democratic ticket ? 
 
 A. No. A great many of the voters on the Hill received Ameri- 
 can tickets in envelopes through the mail. There was no difficulty 
 
97 
 
 about getting Democratic tickets at the polls that day. There were 
 plenty of them around here . 
 
 Q. A Mr. Singletary has given some testimony about his getting 
 some extra votes here. Did you procure him those votes ? 
 
 A. The way Mr. Singletary succeeded in getting those votes is 
 that there was a man by the name of John Varcoe, who is an ac- 
 quaintance of most of the miners here on the Hill, and of the same 
 nationality or descent, who came here the night before the election, 
 and on the morning of the election he told me that it would be 
 greatly to his interests if Mr. Singletary would be elected, anyhow 
 it would be greatly to his interests if he could secure him a number 
 of votes here; and he asked me, 1 do not know why, if I had any 
 objection, and I told him certainly not, to pitch in, and he pitched 
 in here till all the votes were mostly polled of the boys on the Hill, 
 and he succeeded by pleading with them and telling them that it was 
 greatly to his interests to have Mr. Singletary elected, if he could 
 get him a few votes here, so that the boys, out of friendship for him, 
 a great many of them, voted for him. The vote was given as I un- 
 derstand by the boys here, as they told me, because he pleaded with 
 them so and they wanted to help him, as he was a pretty good fellow 
 and they thought, if they could show that he got some votes for Mr. 
 Singletary that it would be an advantage to him. 
 
 Q. Might get him a deputy ship or something ? 
 
 A. In fact I asked him the question if he was to be Mr. Single- 
 tary's deputy, and he did not answer; gave me an indirect answer, 
 and I told him that anyhow whatever he would do he would have no 
 show, as he himself was a Kepublican. 
 
 Q. Who was distributing Democratic tickets about the polls that 
 day? 
 
 A. There was Peter Denning and Frank Heath and quite a num- 
 ber of others had them around, giving them out. 
 
 Q. Were you electioneering for any particular candidates on that 
 day? 
 
 A. I was electioneering for the Republican ticket. 
 
 Q. Were you watching and taking notes of how men voted or 
 that kind of thing ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. Since Mr. Eandol has been Manager of this mine have you 
 ever seen anything like the management of the mine interfering 
 with or trying to dictate to the men about their voting or politics ? 
 
 A. They never tried to interfere with them politically; they 
 could vote always as they pleased. 
 
 TESTIMONY OF ANDREAS E. LOPEZ. 
 
 By Mr. CROSS: 
 
 Q. How old a man are you ? 
 
 A. Twenty-five. 
 
 Q. Where were you born? 
 
 A. California, United States. 
 
 Q. .How long have you lived at Almaden ? 
 
98 
 
 A. Eighteen years. 
 
 Q. What is your business ? 
 
 A. I am clerk for Derby & Lowe in the New Alniadeu store, 
 where I have been employed for ten years. 
 
 Q. Did you vote in this precinct at the last election ? 
 
 A. Yes, the Eepublican ticket. 
 
 Q. Did you ever vote anywhere except at Almaden ? 
 
 A. No, I only voted at New Almaden, twice. 
 
 Q. That is all the voting you have done ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. Anybody interfere with your voting in any way, or trying to 
 dictate to you how you should vote ? 
 
 A. No, I never was controlled on the subject. 
 
 Q. Are you of Spanish descent? 
 
 A. I am of Mexican descent. 
 
 Q. Have you had occasion to become very thoroughly acquainted 
 with the residents of the mine of Mexican and Spanish descent at 
 this place ? 
 
 A. Yes, I am very well acquainted with most of them. They 
 come to the store to trade and I speak their language, consequently 
 I come into pretty intimate relations with them. By a long residence 
 in the place I am very well acquainted with all of them. 
 
 Q . What political party do most of the people of Mexican birth 
 and descent generally vote with ? 
 
 A. In this country, with very few exceptions, they vote the Re- 
 publican ticket. There are very few exceptions to that. 
 
 Q. Do you understand the reason for that, or why they vote for 
 that party, mostly ? 
 
 A. One reason of the emigrants to this State, that they vote 
 the Republican ticket, is on account of that being the same as the Lib- 
 eral party in Mexico, the party in power at present, whose views are 
 very mu^h like the views of the Republican party. 
 
 Q. Do you have any occasion to know anything about what num- 
 ber of daily papers or weekly papers the Mexican residents of the 
 mine take ? 
 
 A. About 100 copies of the weekly papers come in Spanish, be- 
 sides many monthly papers and pamphlets, and books and so forth, 
 that is, regular periodical literature. Some of that literature is of a 
 political character. The weekly papers are so, especially partisan 
 papers. 
 
 Q. Those people of Mexican birth or descent who read, are they 
 pretty well informed on public matters ? 
 
 A. They are, so far as they understand the political questions of 
 this country, as far as the papers define them. 
 
 Q. I suppose, like other people, they are considerably influenced 
 by the papers they read ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. What is the feeling of the people of that nationality towards 
 Mr. Randol and Mr. Jennings, and the managers of the mine, so far 
 as you are familiar with it ? 
 
 A. So far as I know they think well of them. They are well sat- 
 isfied with the administration of the affairs of the mine, and feel as 
 

99 
 
 though they were properly treated by the management. Like in all 
 communities, there are probably one or two grumblers, as they call 
 them, but then they are hardly ever noticed. 
 
 Q. How do those people who reside on this mine live as to com- 
 fort, compared with the laboring people in other localities, so far as 
 you are informed about it ? 
 
 A. So far as comfort is concerned, they live as comfortable as in 
 any other community of the same class of laboring people. 
 
 Q. Is there any real want amongst the Mexican people here ? 
 
 A. Not that I know of. They all work and get good wages, and 
 are comfortable, so far as their homes are concerned. Of course 
 they are not of the saving kind; most of them spend their earnings 
 in pleasure from month to month as they receive them. There are 
 but few who save their earnings. There are a very few who own 
 their homes and have stock. 
 
 Q. Are there amongst those people quite a number of men who 
 have become worn out with years and labor ? 
 
 A. Yes, there are some few that were miners. 
 
 Q. How are those men provided for?. 
 
 A. The Quicksilver Mining Company see that they are well treated 
 and provided with work, or in many cases they are provided for by 
 the Miners' Fund. Those who are able to do something get an easy 
 job at light wages. Those who have been here many years and worn 
 themselves out in the service of the company, are well treated and 
 furnished with easy work, others draw on the Miners' Fund for their 
 support. 
 
 Q. Are there .a good many of those people who do not speak the 
 English language very well ? 
 
 A. Yes, a good many hardly understand it. 
 
 Q. Those people are probably not as well informed about Amer- 
 ican politics as men who can speak the English language ? 
 
 A. They are not well informed so far as reading the political 
 questions is concerned; but they get their ideas from others who do, 
 coming in contact with others. 
 
 Q. Since Mr. Bandol has been here have you seen any coercion 
 or intimidation or pressure put upon those people as to how they 
 should vote ? 
 
 A. Not that I know of. I have never seen anything of the kind. 
 
 Q. So far as you know are those people perfectly free to vote 
 whatever ticket or for whatever candidates they choose ? 
 
 A. They are. 
 
 Q. Do you know anything about the Miners' Fund you under- 
 stand it, do you ? 
 
 A. Yes. The people of Mexican birth and descent generally re- 
 gard that fund here at the mine, so far as I know, as a very good 
 thing for them, 
 
 Q , Do most of those people work on contract or day's pay ? 
 
 A. Most of them on contract. 
 
 Q. What department of mining do they generally prefer to work 
 on, what are they the best at, what do they make the best wages at ? 
 
 A. They prefer contract labor, they make better wages at 
 contract. 
 
100 
 
 Q. Does the store management have one price which they charge 
 to all persons who buy, or do they charge different men different 
 prices ? 
 
 A. One price for all goods, one marked price, and they adhere 
 to that price. There is no difference in price whether the goods are 
 bought for coin or boletos. 
 
 Q. What would you say of the general quality of the goods bought 
 and sold at the stores ? 
 
 A. They keep the best quality of goods to suit the miners. The 
 miners are very particular as to the quality; they won't buy anything 
 that is inferior. They are more particular about the quality than 
 they are about prices. 
 
 Q. Have you ever seen the tickets about the stores on election 
 days? 
 
 A. I have. 
 
 Q. Are there tickets of different parties at the stores on election 
 days? 
 
 A. There are always enough tickets at the stores to supply every- 
 body of both parties; tickets enough for everybody of all kinds. 
 
 TESTIMONY OF J. J. MILLER. 
 
 I am clerk in the store; my first vote was for Hayes; I first voted 
 for Hayes and Wheeler, and voted the Republican ticket ever since, 
 but sometimes scratch my ticket; think I have as good a right to 
 electioneer as a man sent here by Mr. Sullivan on election day, 
 who never lived here; tickets of all parties were liberally distributed 
 here on election day; I distributed straight Eepublican tickets; I 
 was at the meeting of the miners when Dennis Kearney tried to have 
 the vote of the Almaden precinct thrown out and the miners were very 
 indignant at the threat of having the vote thrown out; there has been no 
 searching of wagons that come to the mine for many years; Mr. Ran- 
 dol paid one-half the cost of building the Catholic Church; Mr. 
 Murphy got his large vote on account of personal popularity, Mr. 
 Foote for his anti-monopoly record, Mr. Coombe for his nation- 
 ality, from the Cornish voters. 
 
ft 
 
 
Straightforward Testimony by Mine Employees Dennis Kearney's Effort to have 
 Almaden Precinct Thrown Out and What the Miners Thought of It. 
 
 TESTIMONY OF HENRY TREGONING. 
 
 By Mr. CBOSS: 
 
 Q. What is your age ? 
 
 A. 38. 
 
 Q. Where do you reside ? 
 
 A. New Almaden. 
 
 Q. What is your occupation ? 
 
 A. I am watchman and weigher. 
 
 Q. Where were you born ? 
 
 A. I was born in Wales. 
 
 Q. When did you come to the United States ? 
 
 A, AJbout 17J years ago. 
 
 Q. How long have you been at the New Almaden ? 
 
 A. About 17J years. I was away a short interval but came right 
 back again in a few months. 
 
 Q. Who was the first President that you voted for ? 
 
 A, I think Garfield was the first. 
 
 Q. What ticket do you generally vote ? 
 
 A. The Republican ticket. 
 
 Q. Scratch it sometimes ? 
 
 A. The national ticket I vote is a straight Republican ticket. 
 
 Q. On the local ticket you sometimes do a little scratching? 
 
 A. I always do ; yes. 
 
 Q. You think that is your privilege ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. Think that Mr. Sullivan has got any particular right to object 
 to your doing that ? 
 
 A. No; I do not recognize any such right. 
 
 Q. Have you generally voted since you have been at New Alma- 
 den from the" Garfield election on ? 
 
 A. Yes; always. 
 
 Q. Anything ever .been done here at the mine to intimidate or co- 
 erce or unduly influence your vote ? 
 
 A. No, no one has ever asked me how I was going to vote. 
 
 Q. Have you ever seen anything done here at elections with ref- 
 erence to politics, for the purpose of intimidating or coercing, or 
 unduly influencing the vote of any employee of the company ? 
 
 A. No, I have not. 
 
 Q. What salary do you receive as watchman, Mr. Tregoning? 
 
 A. Eighty -five dollars per month. . . 
 
102 
 
 Q. What other positions have you filled here besides watchman ? 
 A. I worked about seven years as a miner in the mines under- 
 ground, under the contract system, and I worked nearly five years as 
 engineer, and kept a hotel here for about three years at the Hacien- 
 da, a boarding house, and for a short time I had charge of some men 
 on the Hill, on the surface. 
 
 Q. Were you residing here at the time that Mr. Dennis Kearney, 
 the agitator, and others made an effort to have the vote of Almaden 
 precinct thrown out ? 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. Were you present at a meeting held on the Hill in regard ta 
 that matter? 
 A. I was. 
 
 Q. State what transpired at that meeting ? 
 
 A. I think, as near as I can remember, there was a mass meeting 
 called at short notice, and at that meeting I think Mr. Eaodol and 
 most of the officials of the mine were present, and tho object of the 
 meeting was stated, and the charges that had been preferred against 
 the place, and I remember very distinctly that some not very pleas- 
 ant things had been said that reflected very much upon the dignity 
 of the citizens here, and the place generally. I remember that I was 
 called by the meeting, not by the officials, but by the men to address 
 the meeting, and I think I did so without let or hindrance, and said 
 all I could upon the subject, and I took the opportunity to throw the 
 indignities back into the face of those who had given them, very 
 freely, and I regarded it as an insult myself, and the community 
 generally regarded it as such, so much so that at the meeting I think 
 they were ready to have shown battle if there was necessity for it 
 they felt as though they were insulted. 
 
 Q. How did the common laboring men then upon the mine, those 
 who were working on contract and for wages, feel about the charges 
 that were made against them ? 
 A. They felt very indignant. 
 
 Q. How did they feel about having the vote thrown out ? 
 A. Perhaps they would have to submit to it. I don't think they 
 would like to submit to such a thing. 
 
 Q. Felt as though it would be a great wrong ? 
 A. Yes, certainly. 
 
 Q. Was there anything said at that meeting as to how men should 
 testify that were going to be taken to San Jose ? 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. Any intimation as to how they were expected to testify, or 
 what they were wanted to swear to, or anything of that sort ? 
 
 A. No, nothing at all. They were only advised by the officials, 
 I do not remember whether it was Mr. Eandol or not, but somebody 
 told them: that they were at liberty to go to San Jose, and that 
 they were expected to testify to the truth as they had found it; 
 I know I counseled the men myself in regard to how they ought to 
 conduct themselves there, that the eyes of the State were upon them 
 and it was quite a critical time in the history of Almaden; and they 
 would be brought before the public notice very much, on that day. 
 Q. You were mining at that time amongst the miners were you ? 
 
103 
 
 A. Yes, I think I was working on contracts at that time. 
 
 Q. And the men there called you out to express yourself ? 
 
 A. Yes; at that meeting. 
 
 Q. Do you remember who presided at that meeting ? 
 
 A. No; I do not. 
 
 Q. Had there been some serious charges made in some paper ? 
 
 A. I think there had. 
 
 Q. Do you know what paper it was ? 
 
 A. I do not remember what paper. 
 
 Q. Was that charge read at that meeting? 
 
 A. I do not remember ? 
 
 Q. What was the result of that investigation at San Jose; was 
 the precinct thrown out or not? 
 
 A. .No; the charges were found to be groundless. 
 
 Q. Have you been about the polls considerable on election day 
 since you have been here ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. You reside near the polls? 
 
 A. Yes; I have been around here, in fact, nearly ever since I 
 have been voting; I have been on the Board of Election. 
 
 Q. Do you know a large share of the people that work here on 
 the mine ? 
 
 A. I know all that have been here in the last sixteen years, with 
 the exception of a few new hands that are here now. I have had 
 the opportunity of being pretty well acquainted with them . 
 
 Q. Working right amongst them ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. -And at different places on the mine? 
 
 A. And in every way, too. 
 
 Q. Have you had an opportunity to become informed as to what 
 party most of the men working on the mine belong to ? 
 
 A. I judge from what I know of them that they affiliate with the 
 Republican party; practically, all of them; especially the English- 
 men; 99 per cent of all the Englishmen vote the Republican ticket 
 from choice; that is their natural bent. 
 
 Q. How is it among the population of Spanish descent ? 
 
 A. I think they are inclined to that party. 
 
 Q. Have you ever seen anything here, at election, either be- 
 fore or after, or at any other time tending to show that the men 
 employed by the company, do not exercise the elective franchise with 
 the fullest freedom ? 
 
 A. No; they ought to do it. I have had the same privilege and 
 no more privilege than they have; and I have always done it without 
 any interference at all. 
 
 Q. Have you ever seen anything tending to indicate that a man's 
 politics or how he voted had anything to do with, whether he could 
 work at the mine or whether he was retained at the mine ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. Ever seen anything tending to show that it affected a man's 
 chance of preferment at all ? 
 
 A. No; in fact, many Democrats I have known here seemed to 
 have preferences that Republicans have not had. 
 
104 
 
 Q. They have held good positions in the company, have they ? 
 
 A. Yes; almost without exception, perhaps. 
 
 Q. They have been a pretty good class of Democrats? 
 
 A. I was going to say that nearly all the officials we have had, 
 have been Democrats. 
 
 Q. Mr. Jennings was a Democrat when he came here, was he not? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. Do you rent a house from the company ? 
 
 A. I do; I pay $5 a month; we have four rooms in the house, and 
 a barn, yard and flower garden attached; water is pure and plenty; 
 it is supplied right at the house, flowing water. 
 
 Q. What do you pay for that ? 
 
 A. Nothing; that is included in the rent. 
 
 Q. Having been associated with miners all the time, working in 
 different capacities, underground and on the surface, what would 
 you have to say as to how the miners feel toward Mr. Randol ? 
 
 A. I think they feel very respectful towards him. 
 
 Q. Ever seen anything tending to show that they did not feel 
 kindly towards him ? 
 
 A. No; I think they have had every reason to feel respectful. 
 
 Q. You say you kept the boarding house at one time ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. How were the men provided for, the board at the boarding 
 house ? 
 
 A. They were well provided for; well fed and well housed; they 
 were then, and I am satisfied they are now. 
 
 Q. The teachers and others board at these boarding houses as 
 well as the employees of the company ? 
 
 A. Yes; the public school teachers. 
 
 TESTIMONY OF JOHN DUNSTAN. 
 
 By Mr. CROSS, 
 
 Q. What is your age ? 
 
 A. Fifty-two years. 
 
 Q. Where were you born ? 
 
 A. I was born in England, in the County of Cornwall. 
 
 Q. When did you come to the United States ? 
 
 A. In 1849. 
 
 Q. When did you come to the New Almaden mine ? 
 
 A. I came to New Almaden in 1869; have been here ever since 
 except four months. 
 
 Q. Where did you vote the first time that you ever voted ? 
 
 A. I voted in Wisconsin for John C. Fremont. 
 
 Q. What ticket did you vote ? 
 
 A. Republican. He was a Republican . 
 
 Q. What ticket have you generally voted since that? 
 
 A. Eepublican ticket. * 
 
 Q. Did you vote here last November ? 
 
 A. I did; a Eepublican ticket. 
 
105 
 
 Q. Since Mr. Eandol came here to be manager, has Mr. Kandol 
 or the Superintendent, or any of the captains or foremen or bosses 
 ever tried to dictate to you how you should vote ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. Since Mr. Eandol has been manager have you ever heard any 
 talk amongst the men that they had to vote the way the owners of 
 the mine wanted them to, or they were liable not to get work ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. Have you ever known of any officers of the mine interfere in 
 any way with a man's voting just as he chose ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. What other places have you voted in besides New Almaden, 
 Mr. Dunstan ? 
 
 A. I voted in the States of Michigan and Wisconsin. 
 
 Q. Did you ever see anything tending to show that men here at 
 the Almaden, since Mr. Eandol has been manager, did not vote just 
 as freely and for their own choice, as they did in other places where 
 you have seen men vote? 
 
 A. I did not. 
 
 Q. From what you have seen of men in the United States who 
 were born in Cornwall, how do they generally vote ? 
 
 A. They are generally Eepublicans so far as I have seen them. 
 
 TESTIMONY OF CHARLES BERRYMAN. 
 
 Q. What is your age, Mr. Berryman? 
 
 A. Forty- five years. 
 
 Q. When did you come to the United States ? 
 
 A. 1 came here in 1857. 
 
 Q. How long have you been here at the New Aimaden mine ? 
 
 A. Five years. I wish that I were here longer. 
 
 Q. Did you ever vote before you came to New Aimaden ? 
 
 A. Yes; at Lake Superior, in the copper mines country. 
 
 Q. Can you remember what the first ticket was you voted? 
 
 A. It was the Democratic ticket. 
 
 Q. What ticket have you voted ever since ? 
 
 A. Democratic. 
 
 Q. Voted the Democratic ever since you have been on this mine ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. Did anybody ever try to interfere with the way you voted ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. Did the Manager or any Superintendent, captain, boss or 
 foreman try to tell you how you should vote ? 
 
 A. Never. 
 
 Q. Could you ever see that it made any difference in the work 
 you got by being a Democrat ? 
 
 A. Not a bit of difference. 
 
 Q. Can you see any difference in the freedom of the men here 
 about voting, to the other places where you saw them vote ? 
 
 A. Not a bit. 
 
106 
 
 Q. Ever see anything done to show that a man could not vote 
 just as he had a mind to, here ? 
 
 A. I never did in all my coming down Ijere; I came down here 
 two or three times, and always had my ticket; voted and went home 
 again. 
 
 Q. Did you vote last November? 
 
 A. I did. 
 
 Q. Did you see any of the officers of the company interfering 
 with the men about voting ? 
 
 A. Neither one. 
 
 Q. Where were you born ? 
 
 A. In England, in Cornwall. 
 
 Q. So far as you have been acquainted with men here and in 
 other mines where you have worked how do the men fr6*rn Cornwall 
 mostly vote in the United States ? 
 
 A. I believe mostly Republican. 
 
 Q . Did you vote for Mr. Sullivan last fall ? 
 
 A. I did, I'm sorry for it too. 
 
 Q. Did you ride down in the stage or walk down ? 
 
 A. I rode down but I walked up though, they left before I was 
 ready. 
 

What the Miners Say They Vote as they Please Suffrage is Free A Clear Fair Vote, 
 but Strongly Republican No Coercion or Intimidation Practiced at the Mine. 
 
 Voters residing in the Almaden precinct were examined as follows : 
 
 John Eowe, John Trevarron, Abraham Harris, Thomas Tregon- 
 ing, James Johns, J. N. Williams, Thomas Prior, Bennett Perry, 
 John Kemp, Thomas Mathews, William Mitchell, William T. Wil- 
 liams, James P. Craze and Jamos Tarcoe, natives of county Corn- 
 wall, England, all vote the Eepublican ticket except one. C. H. 
 James, Nicholas J. Jeffrey, Charles E. Eobins and George Stacy, 
 natives of Devonshire, England, and Jacinto Yalenzuela, Antonio 
 Vinagu and Juan Hernandez, natives of Mexico, all voted the Eepub- 
 lican ticket except two, one of whom did not know what ticket he 
 voted, as he could not read it. Eamon Castro, Emile Victor, Ga- 
 briel Norona, Abelino Padillo, Alexander Hernandez, Eicardo No- 
 rona, Antonio Sucero, Abraham Martinez, Jesus Barrios, Julio Eios, 
 William Gray, Martin Eios, Miguel Meza, David E. Bohlman, Mar- 
 celino Soto and Benito Miramonte, natives of California, and F. 
 A. Dulion, a native of Minnesota, all voted the Eepublican ticket 
 except two. Two Eepublicans had voted the Democratic ticket pre- 
 vious to the war. Many of them testified that they scratched their 
 tickets, when they liked the reputation of a man on the other ticket. 
 
 Of the above 39 there were 28 who cast their first vote at Almaden, 
 7 who had cast their first vote at other places in California, and 6 who 
 first voted outside of the State, not one had changed his politics or 
 party alliance since coming to Almaden. 
 
 All testified most unequivocally that neither the company nor anyone 
 identified with its management, ever interfered in the politics of the em- 
 ployees or even mentioned them; lhat the men voted with entire freedom 
 from any influence whatever on the part of the mine management. 
 
 Bertrand Tincourt, a native of France, William Ham, Charles 
 E. Pearce and JohnB. Johns, natives of Cornwall; William James, 
 a native of Devonshire, England, Mathew Duliou, native of Minnes- 
 ota, Aman Espinoza, Timothy Cooney, Stonewall Jackson Bailey, 
 H. E. Vincent, Manuel Selaya, Benjamin Oswald, Juan Shanave, and 
 C. P. Miramonte, natives of California, D. F. McComas and H. H. 
 Kooser, natives of Pennsylvania, all except two vote the Eepub- 
 lican ticket and always have, some vote it straight and some scratch 
 a good deal. 
 
 Iheir testimony ivas that the management of the mine never interfered 
 or attempted to interfere with their votes in any way. Politics have never 
 been mentioned by any of the officers of the company, and is not consid- 
 ered in the employing or retaining of men. 
 
108 
 
 William Dodge, Charles Harris, William Gilbert, H. H. Reed, 
 William Edward Pierce, James Smith, John Roberts, William Ton- 
 kin, Samuel Hocking, William Williams, Joel Wasby, Joseph P. Toy, 
 Peter Barrett, William Drew, William Henry Tonkin, Charles Ton- 
 kin, John Reseigh, John Andrews, William Curnow, Thomas Drew, 
 William Eslick, John Job, John Prout, John Hill, Sr., were all born 
 in County of Cornwall, England. John H. Bohlman was born at 
 sea, Amos Popple worth was born in Yorkshire, England. Antonio 
 Solis, Eufemia Cassus, Theodore Lopez, Francisco Anedondo, Mi- 
 guel Villegrana, Alisandrio Castro, Antonio Soto, Lazar Castro, 
 Stanislaus Rodriguez, Ramon Herrera, Josia Maria Maltos, Juan L. 
 Hernandez, were all born in Mexico. Samuel Terrill and Domingo 
 Lion were born in South America. Nash Smoot, Lorenza Herrera, 
 Frank Narone, David Yillela, Rosario Santobanos, Jacinto Garcia, 
 Eulojia Leal, Thos. Drew and Nicholas Gray were born in California. 
 
 Of these, all the English born voted the Republican ticket. All 
 the Mexican born voted the Republican ticket, but one, who has 
 wQrked for the company many years and always voted the Democratic 
 ticket. Forty-five vote the Republican ticket, some with scratches. 
 Three vote the Democratic ticket. One votes sometimes the Re- 
 publican and sometimes the Democratic ticket. One cannot remem- 
 ber how he votes. One declines to answer how he voted in 1886. 
 Two had voted Democratic once in Nevada when James G. Fair was 
 a candidate for the United States Senate. Thirty-five cast their first 
 vote at New Almaden. Nine cast their first vote outside of Almaden, 
 but in California. Seven cast their vote outside of California. Only 
 one had changed his politics since coming to Almaden. 
 
 All testified that since Mr. Randol became manager in 1870, that 
 neither Mr. Randol or any superintendent, captain, foreman, boss or 
 other officer of the company had said anything to them about voting, 
 or how they should vote. That politics or voting had nothing to do with 
 getting work. That there icere plenty of tickets of all kinds on election 
 day. That every man votes according to 1m own free will and choice 
 entirely. Those who had voted in other places testified that the voting 
 here is as free as anywhere and as free as it possibly could be. That there has 
 been no searching of loagonsor exclusion of goods for many years. That 
 the boleto system is merely a means by which men can draio a portion of 
 their wages before pay day, and that it is entirely optional with each man 
 ivhether he draws them or not. 
 
 James Williams, Thomas P. Williams and John L. Martin, natives 
 of Cornwall, England; Joseph Henwood, a native of Devonshire, 
 England; Francis Lopez and Adolph Martinez, natives of Mexico; 
 Neil Anderson, a native of Germany; A. D. Malone, a native of 
 Illinois; and Emile Cantua, M. J. Blake, Lucas Patron, Fluencio 
 Cantua, C. J. Costa, James A. Costa, Eugene Baric, Ignacio Cepida, 
 Marcelino Mercado and Estevan Marujo, natives of California. Of 
 these fourteen vote the Republican ticket, three vote the Democratic 
 ticket and one does not know what ticket he votes. 
 
 All swear in the strongest language that no manager, superintendent, 
 captain, foreman, boss or other officer of the company has ever had any- 
 
109 
 
 thing to say to them about politics since Mr. Randol became Manager of 
 the mine in 1870; that they vote their own free will and choice without 
 any interference whatever by any one connected with the company. 
 
 Wilford France, Joseph Bastian, John Barfcle, William Floyd, all 
 natives of Cornwall, and Felipe Dorami, Pio Supez, Juan Ortega, 
 Andreas Lopez, natives of Mexico, and Ricardo Tavilo, Luciano Rod- 
 riguez, Iguacio Castro and Feliciano Martinez, born in California. 
 All of these voted the Eepublican ticket at New Almaden in 1886. 
 Six of these cast their first vote at Almaden, and the others had all 
 voted before they came to New Almaden, voting with the same 
 party with which they voted before they came to Almaden. 
 
 They all testify that since Mr. Ra.ndol took charge, neither Mr. Randol 
 nor any superintendent, captain, foreman, boss or other officer of the com- 
 pany ever mentioned the subject of politics or voting. That all kinds of 
 tickets were plenty on election day last November. That some of the tick- 
 ets were scratched and some were not, some voted one kind and some 
 another. 
 
 John Geach, John Burgess, William Bunney, T. B. Carter, all na- 
 tives of Cornwall; John H. Bishop, a native of Devonshire, Pedro 
 Carriaga, Ysidro Castro, Jose Ante, Nabor Angulo and Miguel Cam- 
 pos, natives of Mexico, and Alvinza Barraza, Innocencio Campos, 
 Reyes Barazza, Antonio Bernal and Jose Barros, a native of New 
 Mexico, were examined. 
 
 One of these voted the Prohibition ticket. All the rest voted the 
 Republican ticket. Nearly all of them had voted the Republican 
 ticket before they came here, in various places from Lake Superior 
 to San Diego. Two testified that before Mr. Randol took charge of 
 the mine, Dr. Mayo told them they must vote the Democratic ticket 
 or leave the mine. 
 
 All testified that since Mr. Randol took charge of the mine that there 
 had been no interference with politics by the company. That the subject 
 of voting or politics or how they ought to vote had never been mentioned 
 to any of them by Mr. Randol, or any superintendent, or^captain, or fore- 
 man, or boss, or other officer of the company; that they were left perfectly 
 free to vote as they chose. That there were always plenty of tickets of 
 all kinds about on election day and that they voted according to their 
 principles. 
 
 John Hill, Jr., John George, natives of Cornwall, England, and 
 Alberto Garcia, a native of California, employees of the company, 
 testified that they had always voted the Republican ticket, that 
 nothing was ever done by any one connected with The Quicksilver Mining 
 Company to influence their votes. 
 
 The Cornish boys testified that in the mines where they had 
 worked, in Illinois, Wisconsin, Lake Superior, Nevada and Cali- 
 fornia, the Cornish people vote the Republican ticket almost without 
 exception. 
 
 The Mexicans mostly testified that they vote the Republican ticket 
 because Mexico is a Republic, but a few said that the Liberal party 
 
110 
 
 in Mexico is like the Republican party in the United States, and so 
 they voted with the party representing those principles in both 
 countries. 
 
 Every man luho voted in the precinct is being called as a witness, and 
 not a single witness has been found, whether in the employ of the mining 
 company or not, but that swears that he has always voted entirely free of 
 any influence whatever on the part of the mine management, for the last 
 seventeen years. 
 
 George Carson, Postmaster at New Almaden, testified as follows: 
 There are 179 daily papers taken on the mine, being 55 San 
 Francisco Chronicles, 33 San Francisco Calls, 10 San Francisco Ex- 
 aminers, 30 San Jose News, 40 Sau Jose Mercurys and 11 San Jose 
 Times, besides a very large number of weekly and monthly journals 
 and magazines; that he had compared the poll list of last election 
 with the pay roll of The Quicksilver Mining Company, and that every 
 employee of the company that voted at the election in November. 
 1886, had been examined as a witness, who is in reach and able to 
 attend; that he was the party who furnished Mr. Kenna (a witness 
 for contestant) the signature of E. E. Bulmore; that he did so openly, 
 and enjoined no secrecy upon Kenna; that he voted and worked 
 openly for Mr. Sullivan's election and for the Democratic ticket; 
 that he had written Mr. Bowden before election that he would do all 
 he could for Mr. Sullivan; that his time was so much occupied that 
 his hands were tied. He wrote Mr. Bowden that Almaden was a very 
 strong Eepublican precinct, and that he could therefore do very little 
 good for him. He thinks he was the means of securing Mr. Sullivan 
 the extra votes that he received at New Almaden. 
 
 Miss Florence Gay gave testimony concerning the Hacienda School. 
 
 Nash Smoot and Nels Anderson testified that they, in company 
 with Mr. E. S. Gillan, had scoured the country and served a sub- 
 poena, to appear and testify, upon every man they could find who 
 had voted at Almaden in 1886. 
 
Testimony of Farmers Who Voted at New Almaden Suffrage is Unrestricted No In- 
 terference by the Company The Best Place in the United States for Miners. 
 
 TESTIMONY OP DAVID E. SKINNER. 
 
 I reside about three miles below here, Almaden precinct. I 
 was born in New Jersey; I came to California in 1852; resided in 
 this precinct thirty years; have been in the habit during that time of 
 voting in this precinct; I vote the Republican ticket; I voted in this 
 precinct at the general election in November, 1886; I spent that day 
 in the vicinity of the polls, perhaps half a day; I saw various parties 
 distributing tickets about the polls on that day Democratic tickets 
 and Republican tickets. 
 
 By Mr. CROSS: 
 
 Q. Did you observe anything on that day indicating that any of 
 the officers or persons in charge of The Quicksilver Mining Com- 
 pany's business were doing anything to coerce, intimidate or unduly 
 influence the votes of the employees of the company? 
 
 A. No, not at all. 
 
 Q. Have you observed anything indicating that the employees 
 of the company voting in this precinct at the last election, and say 
 for ten years past, were not voting their own free will and choice V 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. What is your businees ? 
 
 A. I am a farmer, and have 170 acres. 
 
 Q. Have you observed anything in the conduct of Mr. Randol or 
 Mr. Jennings since they have been here indicating that they were 
 disposed to coerce the votes of their employees ? 
 
 A. No, I have not. 
 
 Q As far as you have been able to observe do the voters of this 
 precinct who are in the employ of The Quicksilver Mining Company, 
 vote as freely as they do in any other place where you have observed 
 elections ? 
 
 A. So far as I know they do. 
 
 TESTIMONY OF JOHN H. DUNN. 
 
 I am sixty-two years old; I am a farmer; I reside two miles from 
 the polling place in New Almaden precinct ; I own 300 acres ; I have re- 
 sided in New Almaden voting precinct since 1864, and during that time 
 I have been in the habit of voting regularly at general elections ex- 
 cept three or four years; I voted in the mountains first, in the gold 
 mines; I have no connection with The Quicksilver Mining Company; 
 
112 
 
 I have been in the habit of voting quite regularly at the general 
 elections and voted here in November, 1886; I vote the Democratic 
 ticket; I saw them distribute tickets all over; Democratic tickets 
 and Republican tickets were being distributed; I got my ticket at 
 the store, here in the vicinity of the polls; I got it from Mr. Rich- 
 mond, one of the employees in the store. 
 By Mr. CROSS: 
 
 Q. Did you on election day of November, 188t>, observe anything 
 that looked as though the officers or management of The Quicksilver 
 Mining Company were trying to intimidate or coerce or control the 
 vote of its emplovees? 
 
 A. No, I didn't. 
 
 Q. Have you, for a number of years past, say ten years, observed 
 anything of that kind at elections here ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. Have you, during that time, seen anything tending to show 
 that the employees of the company in this precinct did not vote 
 freely and voluntarily of their own choice at elections ? 
 
 A. They all did, for anything that I know of; they voted freely 
 and voluntarily; and their own choice; I have worked in the mine 
 myself in the summer time and always had my free will and vote; I 
 worked here at the mine about six or seven years during Mr. 
 Randol's administration. 
 
 Q. During the time that you say you were in the employ of The 
 Quicksilver Mining Company was anything done to interfere with 
 your vote ? 
 
 A. I never did see it. I never knew a man to speak of it. 
 
 Q. Did you during that time observe that a man getting employ- 
 ment or favors from the company in any way depended upon his poli- 
 tics or how he voted V 
 
 A. No. I did not. 
 
 Q. Is it your judgment that the voters of this precinct, employed 
 by The Quicksilver Mining Company, vote as freely as other men 
 whom you have seen vote ? 
 
 A. They vote as freely as they did in the mountains when I voted 
 there, for anything that I know. I was there eleven years. 
 
 Q. You were called as a witness for the contestant in San Jose, 
 were you not ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. And testified? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 TESTIMONY OF CHARLES CRANZ. 
 
 I am 70 years old; I was born in Germany; I came to the United 
 States in 1834, and came to California in 1882; I reside about three 
 miles and a halt from New Almaden; I have been a voter since 1840; 
 I voted in Ohio before coming to California; I generally vote the 
 Republican ticket; I am a farmer; I own my own farm; it contains 
 103 acres; I voted in this precinct in November, 1886, and before 
 that. 
 
113 
 
 By Mr. CROSS : 
 
 Q. Do you know whether there were tickets of the different part- 
 ies being distributed? 
 
 A. Yes; I saw one man distributing Democratic and another Re- 
 publican tickets. 
 
 Q. Since you have been a voter in this precinct have you ob- 
 served anything as though the manager of The Quicksilver Mining 
 Company was bulldozing or coercing or trying to control the votes 
 of its employees ? 
 
 A. I have not. 
 
 Q. So far as you have observed did the employees of the com- 
 pany voting at this precinct vote just as freely as any other place 
 where you have seen elections ? 
 
 A. Yes; they did so far as I saw. 
 
 TESTIMONY OF R. J. BAKER. 
 
 I am 52 years old. I was born in Virginia. I came to California 
 in 1859. I have resided in the New Almaden voting precinct ever 
 since 1859. I have been in the habit of voting at general elections; 
 except I have been away about eleven years, when I moved down to 
 Hollister. I generally vote Democratic. I voted in this precinct at 
 the election in 1886. 
 
 By Mr. CROSS: 
 
 Q. Did you on that day see anything tending to indicate that 
 the management of The Quicksilver Mining Company was bulldoz- 
 ing, intimidating or coercing or trying to control the vote of its em- 
 ployees ? 
 
 A. I did not. 
 
 Q. Have you seen anything here since Mr. Kandol has been 
 Manager, tending to indicate that the employees of The Quicksilver 
 Mining Company do not vote for such ticket and such men as they 
 individually choose to vote for ? 
 
 A. No. I am a farmer and reside three miles from the polling 
 place in New Almaden precinct. I farm my own land, about 300 
 acres. I gave testimony on the other side of this case at San Jose. 
 
 TESTIMONY OF GEORGE BOSE. 
 
 I am 62 years old; was born in Germany; I have been in the 
 United States since 1844; I have lived in New Almaden precinct a 
 little over 30 years. I have voted in San Jose and Guadalupe; I 
 voted in this precinct last November; I was in the vicinity of the 
 polls that day; all day, that is from 9 till 5 I think; I saw tickets of 
 the different parties being distributed about the place; I did so, 
 myself, a good deal; I seldom ever vote a straight ticket, but gen- 
 erally Eepublican; I vote the Kepublican ticket but scratch when- 
 ever it suits me. 
 8 - 
 
114 
 
 By Mr. CROSS: 
 
 Q. Did you see anything on election day last November, as 
 though the management of The Quicksilver Mining Company was 
 bulldozing, coercing, intimidating or trying to control the votes of 
 the men who worked for the company ? 
 
 A. Nothing that I have seen. I saw one of the employees was 
 very prominent here, that is I was informed so. I asked parties here 
 who was the man that was distributing Democratic tickets. He told 
 me he was an employee of the mine on the Hill, he was running an 
 engine there. He was a small man. I did not ask his name; they 
 told me he was engineer on the Hill a mining engineer there, He 
 seemed to be very officious, distributing Democratic tickets. He had 
 lots of them. I got some from him myself; I ran out once. 
 
 Q. Did you see anything else that looked as though the manage- 
 ment of the company was trying to force the vote of the precinct ? 
 
 A. No, I never did that is something I never have seen in 
 California. 
 
 Q. So far as you could observe, what would be your judgment as 
 to the freedom with which men voted in this precinct ? 
 
 A. 1 saw that everbody got his ticket and went about his business 
 and voted without any interference as far as I could see; I never saw 
 anyone urging the matter. I generally tend to my own business and 
 I think that other people are allowed the same privilege. 
 
 Q. Did you give evidence in San Jose, called as a witness on the 
 other side of this case ? 
 
 A. I did. I am a farmer; I reside about four miles from the polls 
 on my own farm of 516 acres. 
 
 TESTIMONY OF JOHN COONEY. 
 
 I am 67 next July. I was born in Ireland. I came to California 
 in 1850; have been living in the New Almaden voting precinct about 
 twenty years, since I commenced voting up here. I am a farmer 
 and own my own farm. I believe I have about 170 acres where I 
 live, and I have 100 acres in another farm. The first vote I cast 
 was in 1844, in Illinois. I will tell you who I voted for then. It 
 was Judge Hoge here in San Francisco the first man that I voted 
 for Joe Hoge, in Galena. I voted the Democratic ticket until 
 the time that Blame ran. I voted the Eepublican ticket then and 
 since. If there is a man on the Democratic ticket that pleases me 
 and if I like him, I vote for him. I know Mr. Eandol ever since he 
 came here. 
 
 By Mr. CROSS: 
 
 Q. Have you observed Mr. Eandol's conduct towards the men in 
 the employ of The Quicksilver Mining Company ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. What is his conduct ? 
 
 A. Yery good. I never saw a better man, in fact he cannot be 
 beat. I voted in this precinct in November, 1886. I was in the 
 vicinity of the polls till from about 9 or 10 o'clock until pretty near 
 
115 
 
 the time the polls closed. Always different kinds of tickets being 
 distributed in the vicinity of the polls. No difficulty about a man 
 getting any kind of a ticket he wanted. 
 
 Q. Did you see anything as though the management of the com- 
 pany was trying to intimidate or coerce or control the vote of the 
 men that worked for the company ? 
 
 A. They did not; to my knowledge. 
 
 Q. You did not see anything of that kind ? 
 
 A. Never. 
 
 Q. During the time that Mr. Randol has been manager of the 
 mine have you seen anything like the mine management trying to 
 control the vote of their employees? 
 
 A. Not since Mr. Randol came here. It is better than it ever 
 was before, I never saw a better man, he never interfered. 
 
 Q. As far as you could judge from what you knew and saw since 
 Mr. Eandol has been here have the voters of this precinct voted for 
 such ticket and such men as they chose freely and voluntarily ? 
 
 A. Certainly. 
 
 Q. Do you know P. C. Moore? 
 
 A. I know him well; I know him first-rate; he peddled here for 
 many a long year, and here he made all his money. I think he 
 was a poor man when he came to peddle up here on this mine; he 
 made it all here. 
 
 Q. What would you say as to the men that work here for the 
 company as to how they get along and prosper if they attend to their 
 duties, as compared with other men that labor for wages ? 
 
 A. Get along better here than in any place I ever saw mining, 
 and I have mined in several places. I never saw a mine so well 
 conducted. Every man is pretty well looked after and pretty well 
 off here. 
 
 TESTIMONY OP CHARLES PARR. 
 
 By Mr. MOORE : 
 
 Q. Where do you live ? 
 
 A, I live about three miles from the Almaden, on what is called 
 the Llagas road. 
 
 Q. What is jour business ? 
 
 A. Stock-raiser and farming generally. 
 
 Q. How large a farm have you ? 
 
 A. Between 1,200 and 1,400 acres there where I reside. I own 
 other property outside of it. 
 
 Q. How long have you resided and voted in this precinct V 
 
 A. Permanently from the last time that I came, about twenty- 
 four years. I have been voting for twenty years at the Hacienda. I 
 do not know of any election that I have not been here, and then I 
 am a frequent visitor outside of the day of election. I do a good 
 deal of my trading, here and I am here two or three times a week, 
 and sometimes every day in the week. 
 
 Q. During elections that you have attended since Mr. Eandol has 
 been manager of the mine, have you seen anything on the part of 
 
116 
 
 Mr. Eandol, Mr. Jennings or of any of the officers of the mine that 
 would indicate an attempt to coerce or unduly influence the voters of 
 this precinct ? 
 
 A. There never has been a particle to my knowledge. 
 
 Q. Have you been around the polls on election days ? 
 
 A. Certainly I have been there, and if it had been practiced I 
 should certainly have seen it. 
 
 Q. What is your opinion then as to the freedom that the employ- 
 ees of this mine have in exercising the elective franchise ? 
 
 A. I think that a man exercises his own judgment is free te ex- 
 ercise his own judgment in every respect. 
 
 Q. Do you see the miners when they are voting on election days ? 
 
 A. Of course I see them every election. 
 
 Q. Are they free to vote as they please ? 
 
 A, Free to vote just as they have a mind to. 
 
 Q. Have you seen the tickets of the different parties distributed 
 during election day ? 
 
 A. Yes; I have seen tickets of all the parties, and there has al- 
 ways been more or less people here with tickets electioneering on 
 behalf of each party. Every election all tickets are on the counter 
 in the store, where one could help oneself; they are plentiful; there 
 always have been local electioneers on behalf of the Democracy. 
 
 Q. Are those men free, and have they always been so in approach- 
 ing the electors of the district, whether they were employees or out- 
 siders ? 
 
 A. They have perfect freedom; there has been coercion practiced 
 here, but not under this administration. I have known every ad- 
 ministration since 1846 in Almaden, and with one exception there 
 never was any coercion practiced here; it was practiced under Doc- 
 tor Mayo. 
 
 Q. During his time ? 
 
 A. Yes; during his time; they practiced it to perfection, too. 
 
 Q. Was the coercion of the men at that time observable ? 
 
 A. Certainly it was. 
 
 Q. Has there been any practiced since Mr. Eandol came to the 
 mine ? 
 
 A. Not a particle; he wiped it all out when he came. 
 
 Q. What are the nationalities chiefly employed? 
 
 A. Principally Spanish and English. 
 
 Q. What are the'politics of the Cornishmen generally? 
 
 A. They are Republicans; a Democrat is almost an exception. 
 
 Q. How is it with the Mexicans ? 
 
 A. The Mexicans are Eepublicans with a few exceptions. 
 
 Q, How is Mr. Eandol regarded by the employees of the mine ? 
 
 A. He is liked very well, very well indeed; they speak very well 
 of him; sometimes they may have some little misunderstanding, for 
 instance, with the Superintendent, or they may not understand things, 
 and they go just to J. B. Eandol to rectify such matters: they go to 
 him when it is anything of serious import; if they can get to " J. 
 B." they come away perfectly satisfied. 
 
 Q, You trade here to some extent at the store ? 
 
 A. Yes, I do a good deal of my trading here at the store. 
 
117 
 
 Q. What is the state of the laboring man here compared with 
 what it is in other places ? 
 
 A. I think that it is better, it is better in every respect; the Ha- 
 cienda you would not consider a mining camp; it is much more like 
 an agricultural town; everything is neat and always well kept; they 
 have neat cottages and they wear the best of clothing; vines and 
 flowers clambering over everything, and they have a stream of pure 
 running water; I do not think there is a town within my knowledge 
 that can boast of anything to equal it running into the houses and 
 running by the doors. 
 
 Q. Is the condition of the men employed by the company better 
 or worse under Mr. Randol's administration than it was before ? 
 
 A. It is better. 
 
 Q. Formerly what was the moral condition of the place ? 
 
 A. It was very bad. 
 
 Q. Has that improved ? 
 
 A. That has improved a great deal. There were formerly quite a 
 number of saloons; gambling and prostitution were both practiced, 
 that has been done away with as far as I can see; anything like law- 
 lessness is discouraged by the present manager. 
 
 Q. Does this doing away of the gambling houses and drinking 
 saloons have any tendency to cause the employees to save their money 
 to a greater extent than formerly V 
 
 A. That certainly does, it is simply to benefit them that all this 
 has been done away with so far as I can judge; it has worked to their 
 benefit without a doubt. 
 
 TESTIMONY OP CHRISTIAN DANNEMANN. 
 
 By Mr. MOOEE: 
 
 Q. Where do you live ? 
 
 A. I live on the Llagas creek, in this precinct, Almaden precinct. 
 
 Q. How old are you ? 
 
 A. I am 58 years old next August. 
 
 Q. How long have you been in this precinct ? 
 
 A. Since April, 1860. 
 
 Q. Have you been a voter here ? 
 
 A. Yes, I have voted except when I was off in military service. 
 I was off during the rebellion. 
 
 Q. During the time that you have voted at Almaden, since Mr. 
 Randol has been in charge, have you seen anything on the part of 
 the management to indicate that the miners or those employed by 
 the company were forced or coerced to vote any particular way ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. You are around the polls when you come to vote ? 
 
 A. Always around when the time comes to vote my regular ticket 
 and I vote it. 
 
 Q. Have you seen a great deal of voting here ? 
 
 A. Oh', yes, I have seen a great deal of voting here. 
 
 Q. If there was anything like bulldozing or coercion you would 
 probably have seen it? 
 
118 
 
 A. I certainly would. 
 
 Q. What ticket do you vote ? 
 
 A. I have voted all my life the straight Democratic ticket. 
 
 Q. Have you any difficulty in getting your ticket, your Demo- 
 cratic ballot to vote ? 
 
 A. I never had any difficulty in getting the Democratic ticket. 
 Anybody that wants to vote one, can get it. 
 
 Q. Did you see any one here last election working for the Demo- 
 cratic party ? 
 
 A. I did. There were some here; some strangers to me, one or 
 two that I did not know. 
 
 Q. Were they interfered with, so far as you saw ? 
 
 A. No, not to my knowledge. 
 
 Q. When you come here on election day, are you as free to talk 
 with anybody that you know, whether they are employees in the 
 mine or not, as you are on any other day ? 
 
 A. Certainly I am. 
 
 Q. What is your business ? 
 
 A. I am a bee-keeper. 
 
 Q. Have you any connection with The Quicksilver Mining 
 Company ? 
 
 A. I have no connection with them. I come over here and trade 
 when I please; if I do not I go somewhere else. I am free and 
 independent; everybody knows me here; I formerly worked for 
 years and years at this mine. I have worked under Captain Young; 
 I worked when the mine was first transferred from the old company 
 to the other, when Mr. Butterworth was here and when Mr. Mayo 
 and Mr. Sherman Day were here. I am what they call one of the 
 old hands, for I am 27 years here. 
 
 Q. You have been here a great deal since you left the employ of 
 the company ? 
 
 A. Certainly. 
 
 Q. Hov do you consider this place for a laboring man? 
 
 A. I consider it a very good place for a laboring man if he keeps 
 steady and takes care of himself. 
 
 TESTIMONY OF EVELYN P. McCOY. 
 
 By Mr. MOOEE: 
 
 Q. Where do you live ? 
 
 A. I live on the Llagas; my occupation is a harness maker. 
 
 Q. Do you own any property on the Llagas where you live '? 
 
 A. I bought the place and I have had possession for some thir- 
 teen years. It is my permanent residence. 
 
 Q. How old are you ? 
 
 A. I am nearly fifty-two. 
 
 Q, Born in the United States ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. Have you been a voter here during that time ? 
 
 A. Yes; with the exception of two years. I moved to San Jose 
 and then I moved back on the same place again. 
 
119 
 
 Q. During the various elections that you have attended here, 
 have you seen anything during Mr. Eandol's administration to indi- 
 cate that the employees of this mine were being forced or coerced 
 into voting any particular ticket ? 
 
 A. No; I never did. 
 
 Q. Have elections been held as freely as at any other place where 
 you have been. 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. If there had been any system of coercion here would you 
 probably have seen it ? 
 
 A. I should have been very likely to, because I have always been 
 around the polls and up and down the street at the Hacienda, and I 
 have seen people go in and vote. 
 
 Q. You have seen the tickets of various parties? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. They are always to be had, are they not ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. During the election days are the employees as free to go 
 where they please, and to talk to whom they please as on any other 
 day? 
 
 A. Yes, to the best of my knowledge they are. 
 
 Q. Are you in any way connected with the company. 
 
 A. No; I never was. No influence has ever been exerted over 
 me in regard to voting or anything else. 
 
 Q. Have you seen such electioneering here as you have in other 
 places as you do in every precinct ? 
 
 A. Yes, every man working for his friends. I have electioneered 
 myself, and exchanged votes like others do in all precincts. 
 
 Q. What ticket do you vote ? 
 
 A. I voted the Kepublican ticket last year with exceptions, of 
 course, I scratched it to suit myself. I exchanged votes you know, 
 but it was my own work. 
 
 Q. Do you know Mr. Bandol? 
 
 A. I know him only by sight. I am not personally acquainted 
 with him; never had any dealings with him in any way. 
 
 Q. Have you ever seen him attempting in any way to interfere 
 with the liberties of men ? 
 
 A. No. I have seen him election days here. I don't think that 
 1 saw him last election day at all. I have seen him walking up and 
 down the street, or I have heard him arguing some time with some 
 of the outsiders, like Cooney; generally when they meet they would 
 have a little talk. I never noticed Mr. Kandol talk to an employee. 
 
 TESTIMONY OF JOSEPH CUZARD. 
 
 By Mr. MOORE; 
 
 Q. Where do you live ? 
 
 A. On- the Uvas. 
 
 Q. What is your business ? 
 
 A. Vineyardist . 
 
120 
 
 Q. How many acres have you ? 
 
 A. 253 acres. 
 
 Q. How long have you been living there ? 
 
 A. 16 years. 
 
 Q. Where do you vote ? 
 
 A. Almaden. 
 
 Q. How long have you been voting at Almaden ? 
 
 A. Since 1877. 
 
 Q. Have you ever seen anything here on election day to indicate 
 that the managers of the mine were trying to force the men to vote 
 any particular way ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. You see the men voting here ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. Do they vote as they choose? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. Always vote as they please ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. What ticket do you vote ? 
 
 A. Sometimes I vote for Republicans, sometimes for Democrats. 
 
 Q. You vote a mixed ticket ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. You always vote as you choose ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 TESTIMONY OF GEORGE CROY. 
 
 By Mr. MOORE. 
 
 Q. Where do you live ? 
 
 A. I live up on the Uvas, about twelve miles from here. 
 
 Q. What is your business ? 
 
 A. I am in the lumber business, and I am farming a little not 
 much. I own 280 acres. 
 
 A. How long have you voted in Almaden ? 
 
 A. About sixteen years. 
 
 Q. Were you here at the last election ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. Have you at any election here, either at the last or any previous 
 one, seen anything on the part of the managers of the mine or any 
 persons around, that would indicate that the employees of this mine 
 were being forced, coerced, or influenced in voting in any particular 
 way ? 
 
 A. No, I have not. 
 
 Q. You have been around the polls, I suppose, more or less ? 
 
 A. Been about the polls yes. 
 
 Q. If there had been any coercion practiced here would you have 
 seen it ? 
 
 A. I think that I would have seen it; but I did not see anything 
 of the kind. 
 
 Q. What is the habit of the men voting here, do they go to the 
 polls themselves or are they taken there by somebody ? 
 
121 
 
 A. They go up and vote just as they choose. 
 
 Q. Is the voting here such as it is in other places ? 
 
 A. Just about the same I always thought; it was just about the 
 same as in any other place; there is as much liberty here as elsewhere. 
 
 Q. You have seen elections in other places ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. What is your age ? 
 
 A. 55 years old. 
 
 Q. What are your politics ? 
 
 A. Eepublican. 
 
 Q. Have tickets of all parties been here for distribution on elec- 
 tion days ? 
 
 A. Yes; they can always be had by anybody that wants them. 
 
 TESTIMONY OF JOHN R. NORTON. 
 
 By Mr. CROSS : 
 
 Q. How old a man are you ? 
 
 A. 47. 
 
 Q. Where were you born ? 
 
 A. Illinois. 
 
 Q. When did vou come to California ? 
 
 A. In 1852. 
 
 Q.' How long have you lived in the Santa Clara Valley ? 
 
 A. Since 18o4. 
 
 Q. What is your business ? 
 
 A. Farmer. 
 
 Q. When did you first know The New Almaden Quicksilver 
 Mine V 
 
 A. In 1854. 
 
 Q. How near have you lived to the mine since that time ? 
 
 A. Four miles and a half; and had frequent occasion to visit the 
 mine and become acquainted with the people engaged in the opera- 
 tion of the mine here and with the trade. 
 
 Q. State what you know about the condition of the people who 
 lived on this mine prior to the time that Mr. Eandol came here as 
 Manager. Give a little history of it as you saw it ? 
 
 A. Under the present management I think there has been im- 
 provement in most everything that is connected with this mine. 
 
 Q. What was the state of society here just prior to Mr. Randol's 
 coming ? 
 
 A. There were some very good men here before Mr. Randol 
 came, but there were some very rough characters here in early days. 
 
 Q. Those have been gotten rid of ? 
 
 A. I think so. 
 
 Q . Have you had occasion to have business relations with the 
 management of the mine from time to time ? 
 
 A. Yes; I have traded and dealt with them some considerable, 
 off and on, at different times since 1854. 
 
 Q. What changes if any have been made in the methods of trad- 
 
122 
 
 ing here at the mine during that time, and methods of doing busi- 
 ness that you have noticed. 
 
 A. All the business that I have ever done with this company or 
 the stores under Mr. Derby & Lowe's management have been always 
 on a cash basis; I consider them the most liberal buyers, pay- 
 ing the best price in this county for produce that a farmer has to sell, 
 when they want to buy. 
 
 Q. There has been some testimony given about searching wagons 
 and the like ; have you frequently had occasion to visit this mine of 
 late years and come with a team and go? 
 
 A. I have been here with wagons but never had any wagon 
 searched. 
 
 Q. Have you known anything of that kind of late years ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. How many years have you been in the habit of voting in this 
 precinct ? 
 
 A. I have voted in this precinct since 1860. I would say in con- 
 nection with that, that the polls were held down in the valley, at the 
 school house, and it being unhandy for the voters to go from here 
 down there, (they had to be hauled down there with teams and 
 wagons) and so the polls were changed to the Hacienda. 
 
 Q- Do you think that change as a general thing was satisfactory 
 to the residents of the precinct. 
 
 A. I think so; it was a more central location. 
 
 Q. Have you been in the habit of being about the polls more or 
 less at elections here at New Almaden since Mr. Randol has "been 
 Manager ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. What have you seen since Mr. Bandol has been Manager, to 
 indicate that the men on the mine, working for the company, had 
 their votes controlled by the management of the company ? 
 
 A. I have never seen anything of that kind. I have heard ex- 
 aggerated reports to that effect but consider them groundless and 
 without foundation. 
 
 Q . Have you ever seen anything about the polls here indicating 
 any intimidation or coercion or undue influence upon the voters 
 since Mr. Bandol has been Superintendent of the mine ? 
 
 A. I have not. 
 
 Q. Could you see any difference between the freedom with which 
 men voted here and other places where you have seen men vote ? 
 
 A. I do not see any difference. It was generally a very quiet 
 election here, more quiet here than I have seen at any other place. 
 
 Q. Very little interference ? 
 
 A. Very little interference; generally there is good order. 
 
 Q. The different parties generally have their tickets here dis- 
 tributed ? 
 
 A . Yes ; I have seen tickets here of all the different parties, men 
 electioneering and so forth, the same as at any other place. 
 
 Q. Were you here on election day of November, 1886? 
 
 A. I was, and voted here. 
 
 Q. Anybody try to interfere with your voting ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
123 
 
 Q. Some electioneering about, I suppose as usual? 
 
 A. Yes, general electioneering; some more active than others. 
 
 Q. Did you see anything like any officer or the manager of the 
 company driving the men up to the polls to vote, forcing them to 
 vote this or that way or anything of that kind ? 
 
 A. I have not; my observation of the officers, of Mr. liandol, and 
 the Superintendent, is that those officers take very little interest in 
 the election. Let it pretty much take care of itself. 
 
 Q. How long a personal acquaintance have you had with Mr. 
 Eandol ? 
 
 A. I have known Mr. Eandol since 1870; about the time he came 
 here; and have seen him from time to time in his association with 
 the other persons connected with the company. 
 
 Q. What, so far as you have observed, has been his manner 
 towards the men in his employ ? 
 
 A. I think that he is a very able, energetic manager, and has 
 directed and guided this mine for the last seventeen years success- 
 fully for the benefit of the stockholders and all classes working here. 
 
 Q. At the last election did you notice any stages driving down 
 here with passengers from the Hill ? 
 
 A. Yes; every election men are hauled down here in stages and 
 wagons and different conveyances to vote, and when they vote they 
 generally return to their work; the majority of them; some few stay 
 around the store here, talking politics and so on; the great majority 
 return to their work after voting. 
 
 Q. Did you notice where the stages landed or stopped last elec- 
 tion day, such as you saw? 
 
 A. They generally stopped at the store or outside of the 100-foot 
 limit, where the register was hanging on the tree, the voters get 
 their number and names off the register. 
 
 Q. Did you see Mr. Bulmore have a book on election day about 
 the polls ? 
 
 A. Yes, 
 
 Q. What was he doing with that book ? 
 
 A. I think he was giving the names and the number to the voters, 
 principally Spaniards that could not read their number in the 
 Great Register; helping them to get their proper register number. 
 
 Q. Do you know Mr. Jennings, personally ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. What is his manner towards the employees of the company, 
 so far as you have observed it. 
 
 A. So far as I have observed he seems to be a very gentlemanly 
 man in his business; treats everybody with courtesy, I think. 
 
 Q. Have you had any occasion to become acquainted with the 
 men who work on the mine here ? 
 
 A. A good many of them, yes. 
 
 Q. What would be your general idea of the men here, as working 
 men? 
 
 A. My idea is that those men are paid the highest wages and are 
 well taken* care of, and have the best of everything supplied to them 
 here in the stores, better I think than any other corporation of this 
 kind on the coast. 
 
124: 
 
 Q. You know something about what wages men receive here, do 
 you not ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. The last month's pay roll on contracts shows the average 
 wages of all the men employed on contract to be $2.87 a day per 
 man. How would that compare with the average wages of the labor- 
 ing men in other capacities in Santa Clara County, so far as you 
 know it ? 
 
 A. I think that they are better paid than any other laborers in 
 Santa Clara County. 
 
 Q. Do you have occasion to see how these people are fed and 
 clothed and taken care of ? 
 
 A. Yes; I have noticed that these people are generally well 
 dressed, and always have plenty of big dollars in their pockets, and 
 look as though they had been pretty well fed. 
 
 Q. Did you ever see anything about the people employed on this 
 mine, the way that they were living or acting, or the way that they 
 were treated, that looked like slaves or peons, or anything of the 
 kind? 
 
 A. No; I think a prudent man here who attends to his own busi- 
 ness and lets other people's business alone has a good life situation 
 here. 
 
 Q. Did you ever see anything since Mr. Eandol was here that 
 looked as though the man who did not vote the way the management 
 wanted him to, was liable not to get work or to be any worse off than 
 others ? 
 
 A. No; I have not. 
 
 Q. What do you think about such talk as that, from your acquaint- 
 ance with the men, living right here close to it ? 
 
 A. I think that those reports are, as I said before, entirely 
 groundless. 
 
 Q. Do you think of anything else you would like to state in this 
 examination ? 
 
 A. I would say that I think that this Almaden Mine is a living 
 monument of industry and enterprise, that has been guided and di- 
 rected by the present able manager, J. B. Eandol, and his illustrious 
 predecessor for the last thirty or forty years, and that it is to-day the 
 peerless Quicksilver Mining Company of the American continent. 
 
 TESTIMONY OF ERNEST DESACHY. 
 
 By Mr. MOOBE. 
 
 Q. Where do you live ? 
 
 A. On the Uvas creek. At Mr. Cuzard's vineyard. I am his 
 son-in-law. 
 
 Q. How long have you been voting at the Hacienda ? 
 
 A. Since 1877. I have been up here about every election since. 
 
 Q. Have you ever seen anything on the part of the management 
 of this mine that would indicate that they were forcing the employees 
 to vote any particular ticket ? 
 
125 
 
 A. No, never. As far as I have seen, the employees of this mine 
 are as free to vote for whom they please as they \vould be if they 
 were living any other place. 
 
 Q. What ticket did you vote ? 
 
 A. Can you force me to answer that ? 
 
 Q. No; not without you want to answer it. 
 
 A. I voted the Democratic ticket, except just one vote for Mr. 
 Moore. 
 
 Q. Did j'ou have any difficulty last election in getting a ticket 
 to vote ? 
 
 A. No; they were here, plenty of them. Anybody could get 
 them that wanted them. 
 
 Q. Have you ever seen anything like bulldozing in this precinct? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. Anybody being compelled to vote any ticket? 
 
 A. I never did. 
 
 Q. Are elections conducted here as they are elsewhere? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. Are you employed by the mining company? 
 
 A. No. I have nothing to do with the company. 
 
 TESTIMONY OF JOHN PFEIFFEB. 
 
 I am 24 years old, a native of Kansas, I am a stonecutter by trade, 
 and worked for my father at the Goodrich quarries, about three 
 miles from the Almaden voting place. I voted at New Almaden last 
 November and once before. I voted the Democratic ticket, except 
 that I voted for Felton, Eea and Watson. I never saw anything 
 that looked as though the management of The Quicksilver Mine was 
 trying to control or influence the votes of its employees or any one 
 else. 
 
 TESTIMONY OF MOSES BRAY. 
 
 I am 55 years old; was born in Maine, and have lived and voted in 
 New Almaden precinct 23 years. I voted the Republican ticket here 
 last November. I have never seen anything, since Mr. Eandol has 
 been Manager, as though the company was trying to control the 
 votes of its employees. I am a bee raiser. 
 
 TESTIMONY OF W. P. JOHNSON. 
 
 I am a farmer, 43 years of age. I was born in Missouri; have 
 lived in California 35 years and in Almaden precinct 18 years. I 
 have been voting at Almaden. I vote the Democratic ticket straight 
 through. I voted the Democratic ticket last November. I got my 
 ticket at the store near the polls. I worked for The Quicksilver 
 Mining Company and Frank Bohlmann, off and on for 15 years. I 
 saw nothing at the election in 1886 or at any other time since Mr. 
 
126 
 
 Randol became Manager of the mine, indicating that any one con- 
 nected with the mine was trying to control the votes of the precinct, 
 or of any one employed by The Quicksilver Mining Company. 
 
 By Mr. CROSS : 
 
 Q. If anything of that kind had been going on do you think that 
 you would have been likely to know it ? " 
 
 A. I think I would. 
 
 Q. Since Mr. Eandol has been here and while you were employed 
 by the company, was anything done to control or unduly influence 
 your vote ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. By the management of the company? 
 
 A. Not at all. 
 
 Q. During the time you worked for the company were you in 
 the habit of voting the Democratic ticket ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. Could you ever see that it made any difference with what em- 
 ployment that you got or what pay you got, the fact of your voting 
 the Democratic ticket? 
 
 A. I could not. 
 
 Q. Have you any reason to think that the way a man votes has 
 anything to do with his getting employment or obtaining promotion 
 in the employment of The Quicksilver Mining Company ? 
 
 A. I have not. 
 
The Interesting Testimony Given by Capt. Harry Independent Voting A Majority 
 of the Miners Bank Their Accounts Mr. Kandol Helps the Local Institutions 
 The Average Wages Paid the Miners Ten Hours Work a Day and No Chinese 
 Employed. 
 
 TESTIMONY OP JAMES HARRY. 
 
 I am 53 years old; was born in England, in the county of Corn- 
 wall. I came to the United States in 1869. I have been a miner 
 since I was 17 years of age. I have mined in Cornwall, England, in 
 the State of California, in Nevada county and Santa Clara county. 
 I have lived at Almaden since 1871, and have been in the employ of 
 the company all that time. 
 
 By Mr. CBOSS : 
 
 Q. I would like to have you give a history of the different em- 
 ployments you have had iinder the company from the beginning up 
 to the present time ? 
 
 A. I came here in the year 1871 and started to work on contract 
 at so much per yard in drifts; the contracts in those days were let 
 every two weeks. I have worked some contracts for as low as $6 
 and my board for two weeks. That would be $3 a week, and I have 
 made as high as $70 and board for two weeks on contracts. I have 
 also worked some on tribute in the ore bodies; we mined the ore at 
 so much per carga of 300 pounds, and I made on tribute from $2.50 
 to $3.50 per day. I have also worked as timberman; my business 
 was then to go through the mine putting in timbers in the labores and 
 drifts and shafts; my pay then was $3 per day. I have also worked 
 as pumpman at $4 per day; my work then was putting pumps in the 
 different shafts. About this time Mr. Kandol thought that there 
 could be some improvement made in the hoisting of the ore from the 
 mine, and he talked the thing over with me and others, and it 
 was thought that it could be done, so I took charge of the work 
 and put in a skip in the Eandol shaft; after the skip was in running 
 order I was put on as shift boss. Previous to this the ore had been 
 hoisted in buckets, the bucket was attached to the end of a rope and 
 held from 400 to 500 pounds; that was hauled by steam; the bucket 
 was swinging around free in the shaft in going up. The skip is an 
 iron box with a door in front, and the bottom stands at an angle of 
 45, the rock is dumped in the top of the box, and is discharged 
 through the door in front, which runs in guides; each skip car holds 
 a ton and a half of rock; that is a great improvement in the method 
 of raising the ore; we raise a ton and a half where before we hoisted 
 500 and 600 pounds at a trip, and the skip being landed on a door 
 that is hung on hinges at the same angle as the bottom of the skip, 
 and when you drop the door in front, the skip-load is dumped into 
 
128 
 
 the car, which is drawn to the planilla; I made that improvement, 
 that is I gave him the idea and put it in. From that time I went as 
 shift boss; that was in the year 1873, I think. About 1876 I was 
 foreman of the Cora Blanco, one of the mines of the Quicksilver 
 Mining Company at New Aimaden, and in 1877, soon after the Santa 
 Isabel shaft was started, I was put in charge of that shaft and re- 
 mained there till the shaft was down to the 2,000; I had charge of 
 the work; I put in the skip and the pump works in that shaft, and 
 in 1881 1 was appointed mining captain and I have held that position 
 ever since; I started the Randol shaft on contract; worked the first 
 contract in the Bandol shaft, sinking the shaft; that shaft is 1,800 
 feet deep. 
 
 Q. What are the duties of Captain ? 
 
 A. The duties of the Captain are to take the orders from the 
 Superintendent, at the present time Mr. Jennings. Previous to Mr. 
 Jennings it was Mr. Randol, and I carry out the work under ground, 
 running drifts, sinking shafts, and raising and sinking winzes and 
 seeing that the mine is kept properly timbered, well ventilated, and 
 to do everything that we know for the safety of the men in regard to 
 the timbering, and to take out the ore in the cheapest way, putting in 
 shoots to conduct the ore from level to level and transport it to the 
 shaft in cars, and to work the mine as economically as we can. I 
 have always had instructions from Mr. Randol to do everything 
 that I thought best for the benefit of the company. Mr. Randol's 
 watchword is economy. I have charge of all the work below the 
 surface. I have worked in all the different departments of under- 
 ground mining, before I became Captain. 
 
 Q. To whom do you give your orders directly ? 
 
 A. I give my orders to the shift bosses, one by day and the other 
 by night. 
 
 Q. How many men work under your direction, Captain ? 
 
 A. About 350. 
 
 Q. Of what nationalities are most of the men under your charge ? 
 
 A. A few of every nationality; but mostly Mexicaos and Cornish 
 and their descendants. 
 
 Q. When did you vote the first time ? 
 
 A. I think that my first vote was for Garfield. 
 
 Q. What party do you belong to and what ticket do you vote ? 
 
 A. I have always voted the Republican ticket. 
 
 Q. You always vote the straight ticket, or do you sometimes 
 scratch a ticket ? 
 
 A. I sometimes scratch. 
 
 Q. Under what circumstances do you scratch the ticket ? 
 
 A . My reasons for it are, that I read the papers and we talk a 
 little, and I have felt as a citizen that I have a right to scratch for 
 any one in preference to another man; but as between parties I favor 
 the Republican party. 
 
 Q. What reason can you give why you, and if you know, the 
 Cornish boys generally, feel favorably to the Republican party ? 
 
 A. I find, but I do not mean to say it is always the case, but a 
 good many of the Democrats are Irish, and they are generally Roman 
 Catholics, the English people are Republicans because they are 
 
129 
 
 Protestant, and that they do not want to be governed under a 
 Roman Catholic administration; don't want the Catholic influence in 
 politics; that is one reason why the Cornish boys are so strongly 
 Republican. Naturally there is not a great deal of sympathy between 
 the Cornish boys and the Irish boys; that is another great point; 
 they do not harmonize as a general rule. 
 
 Q. Since you have been connected with the mine have any Orders 
 ever come to you from any one above vou about voting or politics ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. What was the first experience that you had about politics with 
 the management of the mine after you became a voter ? 
 
 A. I remember on one occasion, I do not remember now what 
 election it was, that I asked Mr. Randol whether there was any man 
 on the Democratic ticket that he was in favor of or not; that I was 
 not personally acquainted with any candidate at that time, and he 
 said no; he did not leave any influence on me that he wanted me to 
 do anything at all for him, and he made so light of it that I never 
 asked him more from that time to the present, and he has never 
 spoken of politics with me since. 
 
 Q. The purpose of this question that you put to him was to give 
 him a chance to talk about politics and the ticket if he chose to ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. You say he made so light of it ? 
 
 A. Yes, he made so light of it that I thought I would not ask 
 him any more unless he spoke first, and he has never spoken to me. 
 
 Q. Has Mr. Randol ever said anything to you about getting the 
 men in the mine to vote for this man or that ? 
 
 A. No, never a word. 
 
 Q. Has Mr. Jennings, the Superintendent ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. Has there ever been any effort on the part of those who were 
 in the management of the mine over you, to control your vote or to 
 get you to control the men's vote, or anything of that kind? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. Have you ever seen anything of that kind going on at this 
 mine ? 
 
 A. No, never. I go through the mine the day before election 
 day, and notify the men that to-morrow is election day, and every 
 man who wants to cast his vote can meet at the store early in the 
 morning, and there will be teams there to convey him to the Ha- 
 cienda to vote; so as not to lose time. 
 
 Q. If the men go and come back and get back in reasonable time 
 do they get their pay ? 
 
 A. They can get back quicker in the stages; men who go and 
 come back in reasonable time get their pay; men who do not come 
 back are checked. 
 
 Q. Do you keep the time? 
 
 A. I keep the time of all the men; all the mechanics, the 
 machinery men or engineers; and I checked some men last November 
 for not being back in time and going to work; because they came 
 down and lingered about the polls. I could not afford to pay them 
 if, they wasted the day. 
 
130 
 
 Q. Do you when you are giving notice to the men in the mine, 
 do you sav anything about how they are to vote ? 
 
 A. No*. 
 
 Q. In giving notice do you make any distinction between those 
 that you know are Democrats and those that you know are Republi- 
 cans? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. Do you know of anything to prevent a man who wants to vote 
 the Democratic ticket from having just as much freedom to come as 
 any other man ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. Have you since you have been on this mine done anything to 
 control the men's votes ? 
 
 A. Never. 
 
 Q. In letting out contracts or hiring men, do you make any differ- 
 ence with men according to what ticket thev vote. 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. In giving men promotions and preferring men, do you make 
 any difference on account of politics ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. Does it have any influence at all ? 
 
 A. No. Whenever a man is promoted it is because he merits it 
 by his work. 
 
 Q. Have you had men working under you all this time that have 
 been voting the Democratic ticket ? 
 
 A. Yes; and I knew it. 
 
 Q. Why do you distribute Republican tickets? 
 
 A. Because I think that I have the right to, as an American citizen. 
 I have been a Republican and believe in the Republican party. 
 
 Q. Do you know anything about boletos ? 
 
 A. Yes; I know that there are boletos used. 
 
 Q. Do you take boletos? 
 
 A. Yes; occasionally. 
 
 Q. Are you compelled to ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. Why do you take them ? 
 
 A. Sometimes I take them because coin is not very flush. 
 
 Q. Do you understand the boleto business, they give out boletos 
 for what a man has earned that is not due him until pay-day ? 
 
 A. Yes; men who want to get some money or want some provi- 
 sions in the house before pay-day, can draw boletos. 
 
 Q. Are men compelled to take boletos ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. Does it make any difference as to a man getting work whether 
 he takes boletos or not ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. You get a pretty good salary; is it necessary for you to take 
 boletos ? 
 
 A. Sometimes I have an opportunity to send some money to town 
 and use it to advantage, and I send all the money I have on hand, 
 and go to the store and take boletos before the next pay-day. 
 
 Q. Do you know whether there are other men working for the 
 
131 
 
 company, who are on the pay-roll, send some of their money away 
 and then take boletos during the coming month ? 
 
 A. I know that some of them have a little bank account. 
 
 Q. What is your idea as to the proportion, for instance, of the 
 English boys who have got a little stake in the bank ? 
 
 A. I think that the majority of them have a little, what they call, 
 laid by for a rainy day a little accumulation that is saved out of 
 their wages. 
 
 Q. Do you know anything about the men having stock in the 
 Water Company in San Jose ? Have you any information about that ? 
 
 A. Yes; there are several have ten, and some have fifteen, and 
 some twenty, and some have as high as fifty shares in the San Jose 
 Water Company the company that supplies the city with water. 
 Those deposits in the bank and in this water stock represent some of 
 their savings while they have been working here for the company, 
 
 Q. Has there ever been any trouble about the men getting their 
 pay ? 
 
 A. No; it comes regularly at pay-day every month. 
 
 Q. How does Mr. Eaudol treat the men in the employ of the com- 
 pany, so far as you have observed ? 
 
 A. He has treated men as perfect gentlemen. If a man is em- 
 ployed by Mr. Eandol and performs his part that he is employed for, 
 and is economical and careful of the company's property that is in- 
 trusted into his hands, Mr. Eandol has been very kind and very gen- 
 erous to him. 
 
 Q. He requires men to do their duty? 
 
 A. Yes; and I have known him to reward men for their industry 
 and their carefulness and for their acts of bravery in their work very 
 liberally, and I have also known him when a man fails to do his duty 
 to discharge him. That is, he would not keep a man unless he did his 
 duty. 
 
 Q. Does Mr. Eaudol have much to do with the men directly or 
 is it mostly through the officers that he acts ? 
 
 A. Mostly through the officers. 
 
 Q. In managing so many men and carrying on so large a work 
 are there little difficulties arising among the men about their work 
 and one thing and another? 
 
 A. Sometimes the men will appeal to the Superintendent, and 
 Mr. Jennings and myself at this time generally settle the difficulties, 
 but previous to Mr. Jennings' coming, it was referred to Mr. Eandol. 
 
 Q. Since you have been here have there been any serious diffi- 
 culties in the mine ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. Do you know anything about what the men make on an aver- 
 age at contract. For instance, have you looked at what they made 
 last month ? 
 
 A. Yes; the average of contract on yardage last month was $2.88 
 per day per man. 
 
 Q. Are there some that made a good deal more ? 
 
 A. Some made' as high as $5.00 per day between $4 and $5, 
 
 Q. Do men that work here and quit for one reason or another, 
 and go away ever seek to come back to work ? 
 
132 
 
 A. Yes. I have a letter now that I received from men in the 
 early part of this week, who had been away only one month, and they 
 have written me saying they have been unsuccessful in getting work, 
 they have worked some few days somewhere, and they would lose the 
 money that they worked for and they would very gladly come back 
 to Almaden to get employment if they could, 
 
 Q. is it often the case that men who have quit and gone away 
 come back for employment again ? 
 
 A. Yes. Good miners. I will say in connection with this, if it 
 is necessary, that these same men, as I have said, were in San Fran- 
 cisco in the Wisconsin Hotel, and a party came in and told them 
 that if they would go on the stand and testify against the New Alma- 
 den mine that they could get some work from Mr. Sullivan at $3.50 a 
 day for them. 
 
 Q. Who are the miners in the main that have something saved 
 up; those who have stayed here all along or those who have stayed 
 here, gone away, and come back again ? 
 
 A. Those who have stayed here right along have been the men 
 who have made money; they are the men who have saved something. 
 
 Q. What do you know about the building of the church here and 
 how it came to be built, and the history of the church ? 
 
 A. I do not exactly remember the date that the first church was 
 built, but the first church was built one-story, built by subscrip- 
 tions here at the mine. The first time Mr. Eandol gave $250 
 and the company $250; the first winter' the church blew down. 
 Mr. Eandol said if we wanted a good church to go on and take up 
 our subscriptions and that whatever we subscribed in the community 
 that he would double it; that he would give as much as all the rest; 
 the whole amount that we had from Mr. Eandol and the company 
 that time was $848; afterwards the church was again destroyed by 
 fire : that was, I think, in 1884, and again we had to appeal to Mr. 
 Eandol, and again he gave from the company $500, and his own per- 
 sonal subscription was $355, and the balance of the money was raised 
 by subscription from the people working on The Qicksilver Mining 
 Company's grant; that church cost $3,450. That is the present 
 church; Mr. Eandol has subscribed towards the Protestant church 
 on the Hill $2,203 since he has been here. 
 
 Q. How many people will that church accommodate ? 
 
 A. About 250 or 300. 
 
 Q. How is it generally filled at religious services ? 
 
 A. Filled to the fullest capacity. In fact our pastor is talking 
 about enlarging; the Sunday sahool is held there Sunday afternoon. 
 We have a fine Sunday school with an average attendance of 165 to 
 170; those are the children of the people who worlf for the company; 
 the Good Templars' Lodge meets in the basement story, and the 
 Miners' Benevolent Society. 
 
 Q. What have you to say as to there being any want in this com- 
 munity in the families of the men working for the* company? 
 
 A. There is no such thing as want; I do not know of any; I have 
 known the old, worn out Mexicans to come to me and tell me that 
 they wanted some assistance. 
 
 Q. What would happen under such circumstances? 
 
' ; 
 
133 
 
 A. I would report it to the store or the Miners' Fund, and they 
 would have support from the Miners' Fund. 
 
 Q. What can you say as to the men and their families living 
 here at the mine as to how they dress and feed ? 
 
 A. I should think that they live and dress, to all appearances, as 
 well as at any mining camp that I was ever in. 
 
 Q. What can you say as to the quality of the supplies that they 
 get at the stores and as to their eating meats freely, and the like of 
 that, as to showing generous living ? 
 
 A. I think that they keep the best of supplies at the stores that 
 is the kind that the men buy. 
 
 Q. Now you have been giving some statement of the church here 
 and its strength and organization and support, have you any official 
 relation to the church ? 
 
 A. Yes ; I am one of the Board of Trustees, and a member of the 
 Board of Stewards; I also hold a position as class leader in the 
 church. 
 
 Q. How long has it been since you have had a fatal accident in this 
 mine ? 
 
 A. Three years July coming; that is very remarkable in the his- 
 tory of a large mine. 
 
 Q. You have been paying some attention to the evidence; reading 
 the evidence about this contest between Mr. Sullivan and Mr. Felton, 
 have you not ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. What do you think of the matter as you consider it ? 
 
 A. 1 think that Mr. Sullivan has been mislead by some party or 
 parties. I think he has accused The Quicksilver Mining Company 
 and this precinct in an unjust way, and without cause. 
 
 Q. Do you know of any particular reason why Mr. Sullivan was 
 not likely to get a large vote amongst the English boys in this 
 precinct ? 
 
 A. Mr. Sullivan circulated a pamphlet some time ago that did 
 not take very well among the English boys; finding fault with their 
 mother country and with the English people; a good many of the boys 
 feel a good deal attached to the mother country; although they are 
 American citizens, they feel attached to home; they do not like to have 
 the country abused, although they now belong to America. I have 
 got a copy of that pamphlet. ["Here Captain Harry read an extract from 
 the Sullivan pamphlet.] Such language as that would have the 
 tendency to make the English boys feel less favorable to him than to 
 a man of Irish descent generally. I know that it has. I have heard 
 them talking about it. It made them feel somewhat hard. 
 
 Q. What do you think about this attempt to prove that the men 
 here on the mine are treated like slaves and peons, and bulldozed 
 and compelled to vote, and all that kind of talk ? 
 
 A. I think that it is nothing but humbug; it is all false. 
 
 Q. Have you ever seen a place where the employees have more 
 freedom of action and to vote than you have here ? 
 
 A. No; I never have. You speak of the men being treated as 
 slaves. I would just say in reference to that, that whenever there is 
 a.place such as a hot-drift to run or a wet shaft to sink, or where 
 
134 
 
 men cannot work to the best advantage, they are paid extra wages 
 on account of its being a hard place; that is not done at other mines. 
 
 Q. There have been some claims made that the men here on the 
 mine do not have any chance to read the papers,or to be informed about 
 public matters, or what is going on. Do you know whether or not 
 there are a good many papers taken on the Hill ? 
 
 A. I do not think there is a family on the Hill but what takes 
 one, two or more papers; I take three dailies and a weekly, and I 
 believe that most every family takes one or two or more papers; I 
 suppose that more than a hundred papers come on the Hill 
 daily; all the party papers come up on the Hill and are distributed. 
 The Chronicle, the Call, the Alta, the Mercury, the Times, the 
 Christian Advocate and the San Francisco Examiner. Yes, a good 
 many of the boys take the old country papers; the West Britain comes 
 there regularly; the London Times comes there regularly. 
 
 Q. Do the men working for the company show a great deal of 
 disposition to read the newspapers and to keep posted and to talk 
 about what is going on in the world ? 
 
 A. Yes, as a general rule, they do. Some of them are posted 
 very well, and others do not take as much interest as some do. 
 
 Q. How long is a day's work in the mine? 
 
 A. Ten hours, where the men are working by day's pay. If they 
 are working on contract and want to work a little more nobody can 
 prevent them. Some of these contracts they work only an eight- 
 hour shift. 
 
 Q. Is there anything else you wish to state? 
 
 A. I may say that for myself I have found that Mr. Eandol and 
 Mr. Jennings and all the officers of the mine have treated me as a 
 gentleman, and as long as I am able to work I want no better place 
 than New Almaden. I think that there is man enough in me to know 
 it if I was a slave, or if I was driven, or if I was compelled. I know 
 since I am an American citizen that, if I do not like, it I can go where I 
 like. I think that as an American citizen I have a right to stand 
 my own ground, and no man can bulldoze me or ill-treat me. I 
 have been here for sixteen years, and if all be well I see no reason 
 why I may not remain here. Men are not confined in Almaden to 
 the Benevolent Association; there are parties that belong to the Odd 
 Fellows; quite a number of Odd Fellows on the Hill and Masons and 
 Workmen and Knights of Pythias. They are connected with all 
 these associations just the same as people of other communities. 
 
 Q, What can you say as to the class of men generally in the 
 employ of the company, as to what kind of men they are? 
 
 A. I should say they are up to the run of politics and societies and 
 everything; they are pretty well informed men. I have a remem- 
 brance now of the great change that has taken place in this mine 
 from what it was when I came here. I remember before I came here 
 I have heard that the Almaden was a den of cutthroats and thieves 
 and robbers and murderers. Almost the first thing I saw when I 
 came to New Almaden, was a man shot on the Hill. I went on the 
 Hill and saw the man lying in his blood, and I remember the remark 
 that was made to me then, that that was a woman's third husband 
 who had been shot. But of latter years there has nothing hap- 
 
135 
 
 pened more than in any of the camps; of course quarrels happen 
 anywhere and we have quarrels here; we have got human nature to 
 contend with. 
 
 Q. What could you say of the men working here, so far as you 
 can say, about them as to being independent spirited men ? 
 
 A. I think they are as independent spirited men as there are any- 
 where I ever saw. There is no way here to compel a man or to 
 bind him here; if he does not like it, he feels he can get up and quit, 
 and he does. 
 
Professor Christy on Mr. Kandol's Management A Great Industry Saved to the 
 Pacific Coast by a Wise and Prudent Administration. 
 
 TESTIMONY OF S. B. CHRISTY. 
 
 I am thirty-three years of age, and reside at Berkeley, California; 
 I am Professor of Mining and Metallurgy at the University of Cali- 
 fornia the State University. 
 
 By Mr. CROSS: 
 
 Q. What attention have you given to the study of mining, first, in 
 the study of mining as a theory ? 
 
 A. I have devoted my entire time for the last fourteen or fifteen 
 years to the study of mining and metallurgy; that includes both the 
 theory and the art of mining; I was educated at the University of 
 California. 
 
 ' Q. What qualifications have you as an expert upon mining sub- 
 jects generally ? 
 
 A. I have devoted my entire time for the last fifteen years to these 
 studies and have in connection with that work made it my business 
 to visit and study most of the different types of gold, silver, lead, 
 quicksilver and coal mining in California, Nevada, Colorado and 
 some other States, principally in Nevada, California and Colorado. 
 I have paid particular attention to quicksilver mining and reduction. 
 I have made it my business to familiarize myself with the literature 
 in English, French and German. I have made numerous translations 
 from works in these languages with particular reference to quicksil- 
 ver, and particularly with the methods used at Almaden in Spain, for 
 mining and working these ores, and also at Idria in Austria. 
 
 Q. What quicksilver mines in the State of California and Nevada 
 have you visited, inspected and studied personally? 
 
 A. I have visited nearly all of the principal quicksilver mines in 
 California, among others the New Almaden, the Sulphur Banks, the 
 Great Western, the Great Eastern, the Oat Hill, the Guadalupe and 
 the Redington. 
 
 Q. State whether or not you have spent considerable time at 
 these mines, investigating the methods of extraction and reduction 
 of ores? 
 
 A. I have made myself personally familiar with the methods in 
 use for mining and reducing ores at all these places. 
 
 Q. What facilities have you had and used for the purpose of in- 
 vestigating mining and reduction, and the condition of the mines at 
 New Almaden ? 
 
 A. My first visit to New Almaden was made in the year 1875, on 
 which occasion I spent about a month at the mine and reduction 
 works; since then I have visited the mines very frequently at inter- 
 
137 
 
 vals during the last twelve years, for the purpose of very careful and 
 minute study of the work done at this place. I have probably spent 
 as much as six months, total time, at the mine and the reduction 
 works in this study . 
 
 Q. That time has been deyoted to the investigation of the prob- 
 lems involved in quicksilver mining at this mine, has it ? 
 
 A. Yes; it has been entirely devoted to a careful professional 
 study of the subject, and I have been afforded every possible 
 facility at all times by the officers of the company for making that 
 study a careful and complete one, and have been allowed the privi- 
 lege of examining the books and papers of the company, as well as 
 the works themselves. 
 
 Q. Have you examined the reports made at different times to the 
 company and stockholders by the officers of the company? 
 
 A. I have read most all of these reports through carefully. 
 
 Q. Have you read the literature produced at the mine with refer- 
 ence to the affairs of the mine ? 
 
 A. I have kept myself informed, I think, very completely of 
 everything that has been published here of any technical interest. 
 
 Q. State whether or not you have visited the underground work- 
 ings of the New Almaden Quicksilver Mine ? 
 
 A. I have always made it my habit at each visit to the mine to go 
 underground and see all that has been done, and nearly all of the 
 principal workings that were going on at the time, and have also ex- 
 plored all of the old workings of the mine that were operated in 
 former times which were accessible. 
 
 Q. State generally and briefly the character, extent and quality 
 of the ore deposits as you have observed them in this mine ? 
 
 A. Quicksilver deposits as a general rule are very different from 
 those of the ores of other metals. Many other metals occur in well 
 defined fissure veins, so that there is no difficulty in following the 
 ore, and in many cases of calculating beforehand the amount of ore 
 in sight, but with the exception of the deposit at the old Almaden in 
 Spain, and to some extent the deposit at the Idria in Austria, the 
 quicksilver deposits, particularly those of California, are character- 
 ized by a great and persistent irregularity, so that it makes the min- 
 ing of these ores much more difficult than that of other metals. New 
 Almaden is a striking example of this irregularity. It has often oc- 
 curred in the history of the mine that there was no ore or scarcely 
 any in sight, and it has often looked as though the mine must of 
 necessity be shut down, and it has only been by the most careful and 
 painstaking prospecting or dead work that it has been possible to 
 keep up the production of the mine. Very frequently large bodies of 
 ore will almost completely run out, and there will be visible in the 
 face of the works only a slight coloration in the vein matter, which 
 indicates that there is any ore left in that particular place, and by 
 following out this little string of ore very carefully it may lead into a 
 large deposit. As a result of this the workings of the mine are necessar- 
 ily very irregular, and it requires the greatest skill on the part of the 
 engineer in charge of the works to keep up a regular and steady out- 
 put of ore. Many times in the past history of the mine the pros- 
 pecting work has not been carried on on a sufficient scale, and this 
 
138 
 
 largely accounts for some of the irregularities of the production of 
 the mine in former times. I have noticed a steady improvement in 
 the carrying out of this prospecting work, which of itself is neces- 
 sarily very expensive and requires the greatest judgment on the part 
 of the person in charge of the work. 
 
 Q. Is it cinnabar ore ? 
 
 A. The mineral that characterizes the ore is cinnabar mainly, al- 
 though native quicksilver is occasionally found. 
 
 Q. What statement, if any, can you make with regard to the 
 means and methods of reductions employed in connection with the 
 .New Almaden Quicksilver Mine ? 
 
 A, When I first visited the mine in 1875, there were two iron- 
 clad monitors in existence, one was already running, the other was 
 just being built; the rest of the furnaces in use at that time were 
 the old-fashioned, so-called ''Almaden Furnaces" that had been in ex- 
 istence here for many years. These furnaces were intermittent furna- 
 ces, and when the ore had been roasted the workmen had to enter 
 the furnace while it was still in a partly heated state, and withdraw 
 the hot ore by hand from the furnace, and then they had to charge 
 the furnace, going into it for that purpose; this, together with the 
 irregular nature of the operation, caused considerable expense to 
 the mine and considerable exposure and suffering to the men who 
 were compelled to endure the heat, and danger "of poisoning from 
 quicksilver fumes. The great success that the continuous acting 
 monitor furnaces met with, in treating the coarse ore, occasioned Mr. 
 Eandol to institute a persistent endeavor to find some approved fur- 
 nace for continuously treating the fine ores, which furnished a great 
 bulk of the ore from the mine; that is, ore in the shape of pieces 
 from an inch and a half in diameter down to the size of dust. 
 Probably two-thirds or more of the ore produced at the mine was 
 of this nature. And beginning with that time, and since then the 
 experiments that were induced for the purpose have been eminently 
 successful, and at the present time there exists at New Almaden 
 probably the best equipped plant for roasting fine quicksilver ores, 
 that there is in the world. It is certainly much more efficient than 
 the means used at old Almaden in Spain, or at Idria, in Austria, for 
 this purpose. 
 
 Q. What is the proper name for the kind of furnaces now in use 
 at the New Almaden mine ? 
 
 A. They are perhaps best described as shelf furnaces, and are 
 continuous in their mode of operation. 
 
 Q. What is meant by the term continuous as used in connection 
 with the furnaces ? 
 
 A. The meaning of the term is, that the ore is continuously fed 
 in at the top of the furnaces and drawn out at the bottom, that is, 
 that there is no intermittence in the nature of the operation, that it 
 goes on continuously. Metallurgists are well aware of the advan- 
 tage, economically and otherwise, of furnaces of this type. 
 
 Q. What is the advantage, economically, of using the continuous 
 furnace now used as compared with the intermittent furnaces 
 formerly used, and very generally used in other places ? 
 
 A. There are many advantages. In the first place they require 
 
139 
 
 less fuel for the roasting of ores, because they are continuously kept 
 the proper temperature and not allowed to cool down, thus 
 avoiding the necessity of needless waste in reheating them to the 
 proper temperature; in the next place being maintained at a constant 
 temperature, they are not subject to alternate cooling and contrac- 
 tion, which causes a rupture of the enclosing walls sooner or later, 
 thus giving rise to a loss of quicksilver in the form of drops and 
 also in the form of vapor. They involve much less labor on the part 
 of the workmen; they are more easily controlled, and they give a 
 higher efficiency, moreover the workmen are no longer subjected to 
 the poisonous action of the fumes. 
 
 Q. Thus very much decreasing the dangers attendant upon the 
 men who are engaged in the operation of the furnaces, as I take it ? 
 
 A. Certainly; the men need never be exposed to the action of the 
 fumes in working a furnace as now constructed, unless through their 
 own carelessness or neglect of proper precaution. 
 
 Q. What can you state as to what was necessary under the former 
 methods of treatment of fine ores or tierras, as compared with the 
 methods which are used now for the treatment of the same class of 
 ores ? 
 
 A. Formerly it was impossible to roast the fine ores in the old 
 furnaces at all, except in very small quantities at a time, unless they 
 were previously mixed up with clay and made into adobe or large 
 sun-dried bricks; these had then to be fed into the furnace, and 
 carefully piled in by hand before they could be roasted at all, and 
 even then they were liable to break into dust in handling and heat- 
 ing, thus interrupting the draft of the furnace and exposing the 
 men to the fumes, and, of course, involving considerable additional 
 expense. 
 
 Q. Is all of that avoided by the present methods of reducing 
 that class of ores ? 
 
 A. All of these difficulties are entirely overcome. 
 
 Q. In speaking of the methods of mining, what facilities are in 
 nse by this mine for the purpose of pumping and hoisting from the 
 underground works ? 
 
 A. Originally, at the time of my first visit, the appliances in use 
 were of a rather primitive nature, they were those that had been in 
 use for many years, and were not well adapted to the economical 
 handling of large quantities of ore or of water. Improvements have 
 been constantly going on during the last twelve years, and at the 
 present time the mechanical arrangements for pumping, and hoisting 
 the ore to the surface, and of handling the ore both underground 
 and at the surface, compare favorably with those of any other mine 
 on the coast. 
 
 Q. When you speak of pumping, you mean the pumping of water 
 from the mine? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. Under whose administration of the New Almaden Quicksilver 
 Mining property have all of these changes and improvements, that 
 you speak of, been made ? 
 
 A. They have been made under the administration of the present 
 manager Mr. Bandol. 
 
140 
 
 Q. Have you during your visits at this mine had occasion to ob- 
 serve, and have you observed the condition of the employees of this 
 company, speaking of the manner in which they are housed and 
 clothed, and also the manner in which they are cared for and looked 
 after by the management of the mine, as to their comfort, safety and 
 protection, and their social condition on the mine ? 
 
 A. I have become personally acquainted with many of the min- 
 ers in the course of my visits to the mine. Have visited them in 
 their houses, as well as conversed with them underground, and have 
 attended some of their public exercises, both in their church and on 
 public occasions, such as public wrestling matches and games, and 
 I think their condition will compare very favorably indeed with that 
 of any set of miners that I ever came in contact with. In fact, I 
 think that, taken as a whole, their condition is considerably superior. 
 
 Q. What would you say as to the condition of the miners here, 
 as you have observed it, as compared with the condition of laboring 
 people in other classes of industry, as you have had occasion to ob- 
 serve them on this coast ? 
 
 A. I think their condition would compare favorably with that of 
 workmen in any other industry. 
 
 Q. What would you say as to how the men employed here com- 
 pare in skill and efficiency with the miners that you have observed 
 in other places, where you have had occasion to study the subject of 
 mining ? 
 
 A. My judgment of that is, that the English and American and 
 other miners, Anglo-Saxon miners, are very skillful miners; that they 
 understand their business and are very content; regarding Mexican 
 miners; they seem to have a great deal of skill in rinding new de- 
 posits of ore; the English miners, Cornishmen, are extremely valu- 
 able in doing hard work, such as driving drifts and sinking shafts 
 and other work of that class. 
 
 Q. In your judgment, Professor, what conditions as to compen- 
 sation and surroundings would be necessary in order to attract and 
 hold the character and quality of miners that you have observed 
 here; what would be your judgment as to the management of a mine 
 in this locality being able to attract and hold such a class of miners 
 as you find here, if the conditions of living were unfavorable or the 
 compensation inadequate, compared with other mines. 
 
 A. As I understand it, miners, as a rule, go to the place where 
 they are best paid and best treated; they naturally gravitate towards 
 those centers. The mining population, as a rule, is an extremely 
 intelligent class of workingmen ; they keep themselves well informed 
 as to the conditions that are maintained in the different mining cen- 
 ters, and they always gravitate towards the places where they reckon 
 their compensation and their treatment is the best. 
 
 Q. So that a good quality of workmen would tend to indicate 
 that the compensation and surroundings were favorable, would it? 
 
 A. Certainly; miners, of all men, go where they are best treated; 
 as a class of laborers they are somewhat wandering in their habits. 
 
 Q. So that they have, as laborers, opportunity to be well informed 
 as to where are the most desirable places for good miners ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
I 
 
 to 
 
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 z 
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 r> 
 
 00 
 
 u" 
 
 z 
 
 
 
 / 
 
141 
 
 Q. Have you given to the subject of Miners' Funds, so-called, or 
 Miners' Aid Funds, particularly with reference to the providing 
 medical skill and treatment for those employed in mining have you 
 given to that class of subjects considerable investigation ? 
 
 A. I have always taken a great deal of interest in that subject. 
 
 Q. Why have you taken particular interest in that subject ? 
 
 A. I have always considered it was the duty of both the employ- 
 ers and those in the engineering profession to see that the workmen 
 who might be under their charge were properly looked after and pro- 
 vided for, so far as it was possible that the matter could be done. I 
 always believed that the men should be well treated, and should be 
 made as comfortable as the nature of the circumstances permitted . 
 
 Q. What is there in the nature of the business of mining, as 
 compared with other industries, that makes it especially desirable 
 that that particular matter should receive especial attention ? 
 
 A. The work of the miner is in some respects difficult, and above 
 all it necessarily involves the men in the constant exposure to danger 
 from causes that can hardly be foreseen in the best regulated mines; 
 the men are often subjected to danger from their own carelessness, 
 and it is a very curious fact that any class of men who are constantly 
 in the presence of danger soon get used to it. So that they become 
 reckless of their own means of safety, and the miners are, particu- 
 larly as a class, examples of this state of things; and more than that, 
 they very often are indifferent as to the future; they do not look 
 ahead far enough. As a class they are less provident, I think, than 
 farmers and people of other industrial occupations. 
 
 Q. How is mining classed as to hazard as compared with other 
 industries? 
 
 A. It is naturally regarded as more hazardous than farming or 
 many other of the ordinary industrial pursuits of life. 
 
 Q. Does the business of mining necessarily result, in your judg- 
 ment, in frequent accidents and injuries to the men employed in 
 underground work ? 
 
 A. In Europe, where the government has taken the most strin- 
 gent measures to prevent accidents in mines, they occur in spite of 
 all that, and it is only by the constant exercise of the greatest care 
 on the part of the managers of the mine and of the miners them- 
 selves that they are not more frequent. 
 
 Q. What recent accident do you recall which is an example of 
 the hazards and serious accidents that transpire in mines ? 
 
 A. An explosion occurred only the other day in British Columbia, 
 and a very large number of men something over a hundred lost 
 their lives at one catastrophe. 
 
 Q. What particular class of dangers would you think would be 
 especially common in the business of quicksilver mining ? 
 
 A. In quicksilver mining, particularly at New Alma den, the ac- 
 cidents that might happen would be from the carelessness on the 
 part of the men in charge of the hoisting engines, or on the part of 
 those engaged in watching the cables, the ropes that lift the cages; 
 from accidents owing to the premature explosion of blasts, or from 
 caves that would come down upon the men; this latter is one that is 
 necessarily a constant source of danger in some of the ore bodies, 
 
142 
 
 because the ground is rather of a treacherous nature and is liable to 
 come down without any previous warning, when it appears to be 
 sound. All these conditions tend towards the necessity of being 
 provided at hand with the best of medical and surgical skill. 
 
 Q. Do you know whether or not funds of this character have 
 been common in other mining localities and mines besides at New 
 Almaden ? 
 
 A. It is very common in industrial enterprises of a large size, 
 such as the management of a railway or of a large mine, to make 
 some provision to protect the men against unforseen accidents or 
 the results of their own carelessness. In the Eastern states, partic- 
 ularly in the coal and iron mines of Pennsylvania, these are quite 
 commonly connected with large and well-managed mines. On this 
 coast they have not been very common; numerous attempts have 
 been made in some of our larger mines to introduce funds of this 
 character, but they have mainly met with indifferent success, and I 
 know of no other that has been anywhere near as successful as the 
 one at New Almaden. 
 
 Q, What classes have there been of organizing or furnishing the 
 fund for such a purpose that you have known or learned of from your 
 reading V 
 
 A. In some places attempts have been made to establish funds of 
 this nature by subscription, and immediately after some great catas- 
 trophe a subscription is a very great help to alleviate distress, but it 
 is as a general rule found impracticable to maintain a fund of that 
 character by voluntary contributions only. 
 
 Q. What has been the general result, so far as you know, as to a 
 fund of that kind becoming permanent when it was depending en- 
 tirely upon subscription or the voluntary action of the miners ? 
 
 A. As a general rule, I think that such attempts have never been 
 followed by permanent success. Miners, as a rule, live from day to 
 day, and are not, as a general rule, fully alive to the importance of 
 laying by something for a rainy day, as the saying goes. 
 
 Q. What, in your judgment, is necessary with regard to contri- 
 butions in order that such funds should be permanently successful 
 and beneficial ? 
 
 A. I am of the .opinion that it must necessarily be compulsory 
 in order to be successful. I believe it is the result of experience 
 here as well as elsewhere. 
 
 Q. Did you ever have occasion to give the Miners' Fund of New 
 Almaden a critical examination by inquiry and examination of the 
 books of the fund and its workings. 
 
 A. I have taken pains to satisfy myself as to the practical work- 
 ings of the fund. I prepared tables with reference to that matter, 
 the data for which were taken from the records of the company. 
 
 Q. Will you state by reference to any such table you have pre- 
 pared at any time in the past, what you ascertain to be the average 
 cost of medical attendance for those belonging to the Miners' Fund 
 at New Almaden ? 
 
 A. The record of the total number of cases treated by the physi- 
 cian during ten years from 1874 to 1883 inclusive, amounted to over 
 84,000; the total amount disbursed during the thirteen years ending 
 
143 
 
 with the year of 1883 amounted to over $79,000; the records previous 
 to 1875 as to the number of patients treated were not kept, but tak- 
 ing the rate to be the same during the first three years that it was 
 during the last ten, it would make the total cost to the members of 
 the fund something less than forty-four cents a visit. 
 
 Q, Would that include nurses and hospital expenses ? 
 
 A. Including all other expenses incurred in the interest of the 
 Miners* Fund, such as medicine, nurses, loans, and so forth, the total 
 cost would be seventy-two and one-half cents a visit. 
 
 Q. How would that compare, so far as you are advised, with the 
 ordinary cost per visit for medical attendance in the cities of Cali- 
 fornia where you are at all acquainted with the matter ? 
 
 A. It is very much less than the citizens of any city or town have 
 to pay, that I know of. 
 
 Q. And these visits would include surgical as well as ordinary cases 
 of the administration of medicine ? 
 
 A. Certainly, that includes all cases and funeral expenses, too, 
 in cases of indigence. 
 
 Q. Have you given any attention to the subject of contract work 
 in the mines ? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. Do you know whether that system is pursued to any consider- 
 able extent at the New Almaden mine ? 
 
 A. It is largely in use here. 
 
 Q. State what you think of the contract system as a method of 
 underground mines, what are its merits and what its demerits, so far as 
 you are familiar with them ? 
 
 A. The contract system, as applied to mining, really had its rise 
 in Cornwall, England, and has been in use there for many years, and 
 it is well recognized among mining engineers that this is one of the 
 chief causes to which the skill of the Cornish miners is due, that it 
 has given them an interest in the success of their work, and has con- 
 sequently made them feel that the success of their work was their 
 success, and naturally developed the greatest possible amount of 
 skill upon the part of the Cornish miners, for which they are famous. 
 
 Q. Do you know whether or not that system has been practiced 
 to any considerable extent in the 'mines of California, Nevada and 
 Colorado ? 
 
 A. The practice varies; in some places it is not in use, and in 
 others it is. 
 
 Q. What, in your judgment, are the benefits to the employee 
 growing out of the practice of the contract system ? 
 
 A. It gives him the advantage of his skill and industry. 
 
 Q. What are the advantages to the employer in the practice of 
 this system of mining? 
 
 A. It secures to him the best return for the investment of his 
 money. I would state in this connection, to explain that matter a 
 little more fully, that mining is in many respects different from that 
 of the employment of men in other industries; the men are neces- 
 sarily divided up into small gangs, and they are working alone, 
 largely at points necessarily more or less scattered underground, 
 and it is very difficult to properly supervise them, and if men are 
 
144 
 
 paid by the day some of them frequently take advantage of the op- 
 portunities to do very little work, and they are all paid alike, the 
 skilled with the unskilled, but if they work together in gangs who 
 have a common interest, each man sees that the other man does his 
 fair amount of the work, and each man feels that in doing the work 
 he is going to get the reward of his exertion. 
 
 Q. What system of mining, in your judgment, is most likely to 
 attract the best class of miners, employment by the day or the con- 
 tract system ? 
 
 A. I certainly think that experience shows that the contract sys- 
 tem is the one that skilled miners prefer. 
 
 Q. There has been offered in evidence here an exhibit found in 
 volume thirteen of the transactions of the American Institute of 
 Mining Engineers, an article commencing at page 647 of the book 
 entitled "Quicksilver Eeduction at New Almaden." Was that ex- 
 hibit compiled and written by you ? 
 
 A. That is my work. 
 
 Q. What facilities had you for obtaining the information con- 
 tained in that article ? 
 
 A. I had every facility extended to me for getting the informa- 
 tion there presented that I could wish; I had access to the original 
 records at the office of the company, to their drawings and maps and 
 to the furnaces themselves. 
 
 Q. And also to their reports ? 
 
 A. And also to their reports, and I would state that I took great 
 pains for my own satisfaction to get the exact facts that are there 
 presented, and to convince myself that they were correct, and when 
 the material had been put in shape, Mr . Jennings not only assisted 
 me in gathering the material, as did also Mr. Kandol, but both took 
 the pains to go over the work very carefully and to check off any 
 errors or omissions. 
 
 Q. That was after vou had prepared the work ? 
 
 A. That was after I had prepared the work, so that I have every 
 reason to believe that it is essentially correct in all particulars. 
 
 Q. These productions have become well-known parts of the quick- 
 silver mining literature of this coast ? 
 
 A. Certainly. They are part of'the transactions of the Institute 
 of Mining Engineers. 
 
 Q. I believe that is all, unless you think of some other matter 
 that you think would be pertinent to state in this connection. 
 
 A. I think you have covered almost everything, except that I 
 would like to add that, in my judgment, but for the improvements 
 introduced at New Almaden by Mr. Eandol, and his exceptionally 
 good management, the New Almaden would, like so many other 
 quicksilver mines, have been long ago shut down. But for the 
 sustaining of this mine, it is hard to tell what prices the gold miners 
 would have to pay for foreign quicksilver produced at Almaden, 
 Spain, or Idria in Austria. 
 
m 
 
 ;>: 
 
EXHIBITS. 
 
 10 
 
147 
 
 RULES AND REGULATIONS 
 
 OF 
 
 THE QUICKSILVER MINING COMPANY, 
 
 NEW ALMADEN, CALIFORNIA. 
 
 1st. The Company, its agents and employees, will not be bound to indemnify any 
 employee for losses suffered by the latter in consequence of the ordinary risks of the 
 business in which he is employed, nor in consequence of the negligence of another of 
 its employees, unless the Company be proved to have neglected ordinary care in the 
 selection of the culpable employee. 
 
 2d. Each employee is required to perform his service in conformity with the 
 usages of the mine and the works, unless otherwise directed by his superior officer. 
 
 3d. Every employee is desired to use such skill as he possesses, so far as the same 
 is required for the service in which he is engaged, and also to use material and time in 
 the most economical manner. 
 
 4th. No material nor tools will be allowed to any employee unless by permission 
 from the office, and employees leaving must bring a receipt from their foreman in full 
 for all tools used, or pay for them. 
 
 5th. Every employee will be held liable for all damage caused to the Company's 
 property by his blunders, mistakes or carelessness, and will be paid for the value of 
 such services only as are properly rendered. 
 
 6th. The Company reserves the right to discharge an employee at any time in case 
 of willful breach of duty, or in case of his habitual neglect of the rules, regulations and 
 usages established for the welfare of all employees. 
 
 7th. Employees by the month must perform all the requirements of their respect- 
 ive service without charge for extra time, and such employees, in case of absence, must 
 first obtain leave from their superior officer, if they wish to retain their positions. If 
 they desire to quit the Company's service, they must give one month's notice, or forfeit 
 one month's pay. 
 
 8th. Kegular pay-day will be on the last day, or the last Saturday of each month, 
 as may be most convenient, when payment will be made for the preceding month. Pay- 
 ments will not be made at any other time, except it shall suit the Company to do so. 
 All payments are due at the Company's office in New Almaden, and at no other place. 
 
 9th. It is required of every foreman to call the attention of each and every em- 
 ployee to the foregoing rules before he begins work for the Company, and it is understood 
 that in consideration of their employment each and every employee agrees to recognize 
 the foregoing rules as a specific contract between employer and employee, and to faith- 
 fully abide thereby. 
 
 February, 1883. THE QUICKSILVER MINING COMPANY, 
 
 J. B. EANDOL, Manager. 
 
148 
 
 EXTRACTS FROM CIVIL CODE OF CALIFORNIA, 
 
 Division III, Part IV, Title VI, Chapter I. 
 
 ARTICLE IT. 
 
 SEC. 1970. An employer is not bound to indemnify his employee for losses suf- 
 fered by the latter in consequence of the ordinary risks of the business in which he is 
 employed, nor in consequence of the negligence of another person employed by the 
 same employer in the same general business, unless he has neglected to use ordinary 
 care in the selection of the culpable employee. 
 
 AKTICLE III. 
 
 SEC. 1981. An employee must substantially comply with all the directions of his em- 
 ployer concerning the service on which he is engaged, except where such obedience is 
 impossible or unlawful, or would impose new and unreasonable burdens upon the 
 employee. 
 
 SEC. 1982. An employee must perform his services in conf rmity to the usage of the 
 place of performance, unless otherwise directed by his employer, or unless it is imprac- 
 ticable, or manifestly injurious to his employer to do so. 
 
 SEC. 1984. An employee is always bound to use such skill as he possesses, so far 
 as the same is required for the service specified. 
 
 SEC. 1988. An employee who has any business to transact on his own account simi- 
 lar to that intrusted to him by his employer must always give the latter the preference. 
 
 SEC. 1990. An employee who is guilty of a culpable degree of negligence is liable to 
 his employer for the damage thereby caused to the latter; and the employer is liable to 
 him, if the service is not gratuitous, for the value of such services only as are properly 
 rendered. 
 
 AKTICLE IV. 
 
 SEC. 2000. An employment, even for a specified term, may be terminated at any 
 time by the employer, in case of any willful breach of duty by the employee in the 
 course of his employment, or in case of his habitual neglect of his duty or continued 
 incapacity to perform it. 
 
 SEC. 2002. An employee dismissed by his employer for good cause, is not entitled 
 to any compensation for services rendered since the last day upon which a payment be- 
 came due to him under the contract. 
 
149 
 
 RULES OF THE MINERS' FUND. 
 
 This fuiid, instituted for the benefit of the residents of New Almaden, is established 
 upon the following basis : 
 
 I. 
 
 Employees of The Quicksilver .Mining Company, heads of families, and all other 
 adults residing at New Almaden, each pay, monthly, into said Fund, the sum of One 
 Dollar. The money so contributed is held by J. B. Randol, Trustee, to be paid out for 
 the following purposes: 
 
 1. The salaries of a resident Physician, and of a Druggist, and for the purchase of 
 medical supplies. 
 
 2. For relief of contributors, whom circumstances may entitle to the same, and 
 for other contingent expenses. 
 
 II. 
 
 Contributors are entitled, without further payment, to the attendance of the resident 
 Physician for themselves and their immediate families (except that cases of confinement 
 will be charged five dollars), and will be furnished with medicines prescribed by him, 
 on payment of cost. 
 
 III. 
 
 When the Fund is subject to any expense for relief of persons indigent, or other- 
 wisesay, for medicines, nurses or supplies it will be regarded in the nature of a gift, 
 or as an advance, to be repaid, as the Trustee may decide to be just, considering the cir- 
 cumstances of each case. 
 
 IV. 
 
 It is expressly agreed that when the resident Physician is called to attend any per- 
 son not a contributor to the Fund, that there shall be a charge of not less than Five 
 Dollars for each visit to be paid into the Fund, and to be charged against and collected 
 from the head of the house where such non-contributor may be living. 
 
 V. 
 
 The Trustee serves without pay, and, in consideration thereof, it is understood that 
 the foregoing rules and regulations will be observed by all persons interested therein; 
 and it is expressly agreed that all sums due, or to become due, to the Fund by the con- 
 tributors, or any of them, shall be a lien upon any property of the contributors at New 
 Almaden, and upon any money due, or to become due them, for wages from The Quick- 
 silver Mining Company, which money said Company is authorized to pay over to said 
 
 Fund, without further notice. 
 
 J. B. RANDOL, Trustee. 
 NEW' ALMADEN, February, 1883. 
 
150 
 
 MINERS' FUND. 
 
 Receipts and Disbursements for Sixteen Years, ending 
 December 31st, 1886. 
 
 RECEIPTS. 
 
 Collections '. $98,909 80 
 
 Medical stores, sales 4,549 59 
 
 Obstetric cases 1 ,705 00 
 
 Outside practice 154 00 
 
 Donations 29 75 
 
 Sale of horse 126 50 
 
 Interest on deposits in bank ... 3,479 36 
 
 $108,954 00 
 
 DISBUBSEMENTS. 
 
 Salary of physicians $60,911 00 
 
 Medical stores, purchases 15,817 39 
 
 Contributions to sick and disabled 4,812 85 
 
 Salary to Secretary 4,562 34 
 
 Hospital nurses 3,613 07 
 
 Consultation fees , 1,958 00 
 
 Livery prior to 1878 1,425 78 
 
 Funeral expenses 1,076 84 
 
 Board for patients 1,733 20 
 
 Furniture 583 94 
 
 Surgical instruments 501 42 
 
 Office boy prior to 1878 418 75 
 
 Incidental expenses 638 40 
 
 Small loans unpaid 65 00 
 
 Subscriptions to medical journals and works 389 80 
 
 Disinfectants 330 19 
 
 Small-pox hospital 117 25 
 
 Taxes 18 00 
 
 Fuelprior to 1878 ' 15 22 
 
 Apothecary's salary 708 00 
 
 Helping Hand Club 726 78 
 
 Care of graves 20 00 
 
 $100,443 22 
 
 Balance credit Fund, 31st December, 1886 $8,510 78 
 
151 
 
 MINERS' FUND. 
 
 Amounts Collected during the Year 1886 and part of Year 1887. 
 
 1886. 
 January . . 
 
 Mine Pay Boll. 
 $432 75 
 
 Hacienda Pay Roll. 
 $62 50 
 
 Totals. 
 QiAOX nz 
 
 February 
 
 443 00 
 
 62 00 
 
 KHP; nn 
 
 March 
 
 417 00 
 
 65 00 
 
 482 00 
 
 April . . . 
 
 406 50 
 
 59 00 
 
 4CK rn 
 
 May 
 
 401 50 
 
 60 00 
 
 461 50 
 
 June 
 
 404 00 
 
 58 50 
 
 462 W 
 
 July 
 
 411 00 
 
 60 00 
 
 471 00 
 
 August 
 
 407 00 
 
 61 50 
 
 468 50 
 
 September 
 
 . . 381 00 
 
 57 00 
 
 438 00 
 
 October 
 
 380 50 
 
 57 50 
 
 438 On 
 
 November 
 
 395 50 
 
 58 00 
 
 453 50 
 
 December 
 
 396 50 
 
 56 00 
 
 452 50 
 
 Totals 
 
 . . . $4876 25 
 
 $717 00 
 
 $5 593 25 
 
 
 
 
 
 1887. 
 January 
 
 $385 00 
 
 $57 25 
 
 $442 25 
 
 February 
 
 378 75 
 
 55 50 
 
 434 25 
 
 March 
 
 400 00 
 
 56 00 
 
 456 00 
 
 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 $1 163 75 
 
 $168 75 
 
 $1 332 50 
 
 Average per month 
 
 for year 1886 
 
 
 . . . $466 08 
 
 
 " three months 1887 .. 
 
 
 444 16 
 
152 
 
 NEW ALMADEN. 
 Analysis of the Employees in Accordance to Occupation. 
 
 November 1st, 1886. _ 
 
 Total number of men employed on Hill 416 
 
 Contractors 248 
 
 Day's pay 109 
 
 Month's pay 59 
 
 416 
 
 Total number employed at Hacienda 61 
 
 Contractors , 1 
 
 Day's pay 46 
 
 Month's pay 14 
 
 61 
 
 Analysis of the Voters of the New Almaden Precinct at the 
 General Election Held November 2, 1886. 
 
 Total number of votes polled 256 
 
 Voters not in employ of The Quicksilver Mining Company 100 
 
 Voters in the employ of The Quicksilver Mining Company 156 
 
 256 
 
 NATIONALITIES OF VOTERS. 
 
 American 114 
 
 English 81 
 
 Mexican 28 
 
 Irish 11 
 
 Other nationalities 22 
 
 256 
 
 Of the 156 in the employ of The Quicksilver Mining Company, there were: 
 
 Americans 52 
 
 English ; 71 
 
 Mexicans 25 
 
 Irish 2 
 
 Other nationalties 6 
 
 Of the above 156 voters there are still employed by The Quicksilver Mining 
 
 Company 149 
 
 Dead 2 
 
 In jail 1 
 
 Gone to Mexico 1, Hollister 1, San Jose 1, (All left of own accord) 3 
 
 Discharged for Drunkenness 1 
 
153 
 
 NEW ALMADEN. 
 
 Earnings of the Yardage Contractors for the Year 1886, and 
 the First Three Months of 1887. 
 
 1886. 
 January 
 
 No. Days 
 Worked. 
 
 2207 
 1853 
 2042 
 1627 
 1880 
 2678 
 1327 
 1322 
 1620 
 1112 
 1123 
 1673 
 
 1518 
 1659 
 2153 
 
 Highest Earnings Average Earnings 
 Per Day. Per Day. 
 
 $4 38 $2 19 
 4 18 2 86 
 3 75 2 25 
 4 15 2 52 
 5 96 3 26 
 3 95 2 42 
 4 80 2 50 
 3 86 2 13 
 3 46 2 57 
 3 12 1 93 
 4 25 2 47 
 4 92 2 98 
 
 4 54 2 53 
 4 93 2 38 
 5 41 3 02 
 
 February . ... 
 
 March . 
 
 April . . . 
 
 May 
 
 June 
 
 July 
 
 August 
 
 September 
 
 October .... 
 
 November ... 
 
 December 
 
 1887. 
 January 
 
 February 
 
 March 
 
 Total number of days worked 
 
 
 
 25,794 
 
 Total Earnings ... 
 
 
 
 $63,934.81 
 
 General average per day . 
 
 
 
 . $ 2.48 
 
 Statement of Houses on the Company's Land. 
 
 April, 1887. 
 
 Number of Persons who rent Company's Houses 122 
 
 " have " " free 7 
 
 Number of Houses owned by 91 men on Company's land 119 
 
 Number of Americans owning houses 2 
 
 French " " 3 
 
 " Mexicans " " 38 
 
 English " "- 48 
 
 Total.. 91 
 
 Total number of Company's employees, - - - - - 477 
 . " " " " " voting, - . - - 156 
 
 11 
 
154 
 EARNINGS AND EXPENSES. 
 
 FOR SIXTEEN YEARS, ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1886. 
 
 Earnings. 
 
 Quicksilver produced, 317,822 Flasks. 
 
 Average value... $35.11 34 $11,159,822 55 
 
 Miscellaneous.. 629,727 65 
 
 $11,789,550 20 
 Operating Expenses. 
 
 Mine and Hacienda Pay Bolls $5,132,519 53 
 
 Miscellaneous and Taxes 705,337 44 
 
 Materials consumed in operation of 
 
 Mines and Furnaces 1,656,512 ->5 
 
 7,494,3u9 92 
 
 Front balance $4,295,180 28 
 
 Which is accounted for as follows: 
 
 There have been expended for Improvements and Be- 
 
 pairs, as below : $855,354 25 
 
 Furnaces and Condensers $299,499 96 
 
 Hoisting Works, Machinery, Pumps and 
 
 Shafts 442,681 37 
 
 Houses and Shops 74,16231 
 
 Flumes, Ore-cleaning Floors, Water-) 
 
 works, Boads, and other surface V 69,010 61 
 Improvements j 
 
 ADD: 
 
 Beal Estate purchased $14, 500 00 
 
 Legal Expenses and Patents. $42, 21 9 62 
 Less collected account Patent 2,250 00 
 
 39,969 62 
 
 "Black debt" of 1870 9,342 68 
 
 63..812 30 
 
 Forward.. $949,166 55 
 
155 
 
 Profits e'xpended in California brought forward .. $949,166 55 
 
 Accounted for by increase in Personal Property ac- 
 counts in California, and by consignments abroad, 
 as below : 136,288 37 
 
 On December 31, 1870, the property accounts showed 
 balances of 
 
 Cash 147,201 20 
 
 Quicksilver 9,207 00 
 
 Supplies 597844 52 
 
 Ore . 35,675 95 
 
 $151,928 67 
 
 And on December 31, 1886- 
 
 Cash $ 17,994 95 
 
 Quicksilver 165,787 50 
 
 Supplies 63,743 57 
 
 Ore.. 40,691 02 
 
 288,217 04 
 
 Total profits accounted for in California $1,085,454 92 
 
 Profits remitted to New York office 3,209,725 36 
 
 Total profits accounted for $4,295,180 28 
 
 Kemittances to New York oflftce $3,209,725 36 
 
 Funded debt and dividends paid in 
 
 New York, as below $2,552,453 55 
 
 Interest on funded debt, taxes, legal ex- 
 penses, etc., and assets in New York 657,271 81 
 
 $3,209,725 36 
 
 The Ccnnpany is entirely free from debt. 
 
 Payments for Funded Debt and Dividends. 
 
 First Mortgage Gold Bonds, paid June 
 
 1st, 1873 $500,000 00 
 
 Second Mortgage Gold Bonds, paid July 
 
 1st, 1879.... 1,000,000 00 
 
 Forward $1,500,000 00 
 
156 
 Brought forward $1,500,000 00 
 
 Dividends. 
 
 $9.25 on 42,913 shs. Preferred Stock. ) 
 $2.25 on 57,087 shs. Common Stock.. > 625,391 00 
 August 4th, 1881 ) 
 
 $6.00 on Preferred Stock , 
 
 $0.40 on Common Stock ..( 280,312 80 
 
 May 3d, 1882 . . J 
 
 $3.0J on Preferred Stock, February 26, 
 
 1884 128,739 00 
 
 $1.50 on Preferred Stock, February 15, 
 
 1886 64,369 50 
 
 $1.25 on Preferred Stock, August 16, 
 
 1886 53,641 25 
 
 $1,052,453 55 
 
 $2,552,453 55 
 
 Dividend $1.50 on Preferred Stock declared January 12th, 
 payable February 15th, 1887, $64,369.50. 
 
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161 
 
 Table Showing Tons of Rock and Ore Extracted from 
 the Mine for 10 Years. 
 
 
 
 
 Ore. 
 
 
 
 Rock from 
 
 Rock from 
 
 
 
 Year. 
 
 Drifts, Shafts, and 
 
 
 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 Crosscuts. 
 
 Vein. 
 
 Granza. 
 
 Tierras.* 
 
 
 1877 
 
 30,348 
 
 27,282 
 
 5,980 
 
 11,034 
 
 74,644 
 
 1878 
 
 29,926 
 
 26,537 
 
 6,322 
 
 9,359 
 
 72.144 
 
 1879 
 
 30,223 
 
 30,009 
 
 6,655 
 
 8,549 
 
 75,536 
 
 1880 
 
 24,529 
 
 35,340 
 
 7,401 
 
 12,125 
 
 79,395 
 
 1881 
 
 18,063 
 
 38,417 
 
 8,021 
 
 14,097 
 
 78,598 
 
 1882 
 
 40,909 
 
 45,095 
 
 9,237 
 
 14,706 
 
 109,949 
 
 1883 
 
 52,345 
 
 44,147 
 
 9,584 
 
 20,289 
 
 106,365 
 
 1884 
 
 42,077 
 
 44,795 
 
 7,625 
 
 20,038 
 
 114,534 
 
 1885 
 
 56,096 
 
 44,927 
 
 8,485 
 
 25,334 
 
 134,842 
 
 1886 
 
 48,289 
 
 34, 12 
 
 7,183 
 
 24,718 
 
 114,314 
 
 'Terrero and Tierras from Dumps not included. 
 
162 
 
 Drifting, Sinking, and Prospecting, ''Dead Work, 
 
 for 10 Years. 
 
 1877 Total Feet 8,390. 55 
 
 1878 '. " " 6,941. 
 
 1879 " " 6,404. 88 
 
 1880- " t( 5 ; 144. 7<) 
 
 1881 " " 4,574. 25 
 
 1882 " " 9,133. (X) 
 
 18b3 " " 6,699. 50 
 
 1884 " " 6,8U 
 
 1885 ..'. " " 11 ) 370. 50 
 
 1886.. " " 11,926. 
 
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