THE CLOUDS 
 
 OF 
 
 ARISTOPHANES 
 
 WITH NOTES, 
 
 BY 
 
 C. C. FELTON, LL.D., 
 
 LATE PRESIDENT OF HARVARD UXIVEBSITT. 
 
 SEVENTH EDITION, REVISED 
 
 BY 
 
 W. W. GOODWIN, 
 
 ELIOT PROFESSOR OF GREEK UTERATURE IN HARVARD UXIVERSITT. 
 
 ^ . 1 «• 
 
 ■ ■> -> » 
 
 BOSTON: 
 
 JOHN ALLYN, PUBLISHER. 
 
 1873. 
 
Entered according to Act of Congress, jn the year 1861, by 
 JOHN BARTLETT, -^ 
 in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachreetts. 
 
 University Press, Cambrid^ : 
 Stereotyped and Printed by Welch, Kigolow, & Co. 
 

 PREFACE. 
 
 Aristophanes was the son of Philippus, an Athenian 
 citizen, belonging to the Cydatheneean borough and the 
 Pandionian tribe. The dates of his birth and death are 
 equally unknown. He is said to have been a mere youth 
 when he first employed himself in writing comedy ; and as 
 his earliest piece, The Revellers, was brought out b. c. 427, 
 the approximate date of his birth has been assumed as B. c. 
 444, on the supposition that the words of the schohast, 
 C'fihov (lEiQaxiay.og, designate about the age of seventeen.* 
 His last recorded representation in his own name was that 
 of the Second Plutus, B. c. 388, one year before the peace 
 of Antalcidas, and in the fifty-sixth year of the poet's life. 
 It is stated in the Greek argument, that he resigned his two 
 later pieces, the Cocalos and the JEolosicon, to his son 
 Araros, who had been introduced to the theatrical public as 
 an actor in the Plutus. The probability is, that Aristo- 
 
 * See note on line 530. 
 
 (iii) 
 
 '''■ O O ^> C' ■<'" 
 
iv PREFACE. 
 
 phanes lived but a few years more. The latest period 
 assumed as the date of his death is b. c. 380. 
 
 Aristophanes, very early in life, came into violent con- 
 flict with the demagogues, who had risen to power after 
 the death of Pericles. One of the most noted popular 
 favorites of the times was Cleon, who is known to us, not 
 only by the witty exaggerations of the comic poets, but 
 by the accurate historical delineation of Thucydides. For 
 about six years of the Peloponnesian war, this brawler 
 stood at the head of the party opposed to peace. He was 
 a man of low origin, a tanner by trade, but well qualified 
 by his natural shrewdness, his impudence, his power of 
 coarse invective against better men, his violent and cruel 
 disposition, his fluent speech and vulgar manners, to be the 
 favorite of the populace. When Mitylene surrendered to 
 the Athenian forces, b. c. 427, he was the author of a 
 decree that all the adult males should be put to death, and 
 the women and children sold into slavery ; but the sober 
 Second thought of the people saved them from this great 
 crime, and the decree was rescinded the next day. "With 
 this mighty representative of the worst portion of the 
 Athenian democracy Aristophanes commenced a warfare, 
 in which he put forth all the energies of his wit and his 
 genius. At the Dionysiac festival of the following spring, 
 B. c. 426, he brought out his Babylonians, in which he 
 assailed Cleon, and boldly satirized the democracy. This 
 was a daring attempt, and Cleon was not long in devising 
 measures for vengeance. It seems that the father of Aris- 
 tophanes possessed estates in -3j^gina and Rhodes, and that 
 affairs of business frequently called him thither. Possibly, 
 
PREFACE. V 
 
 therefore, the youth of the poet may have been passed 
 away from Athens.* These circumstances were seized 
 upon by Cleon, and made the basis of a prosecution 
 for incivism, — a l^evias jQacf^, — which, had it been suc- 
 cessful, would have silenced the terrible wit of the poet 
 for ever. 
 
 The comedy of The Knights was brought upon the stage 
 B. c. 424. The corruptions of the ecclesia are exposed in 
 this piece, and the character of Cleon, who appears as one 
 of the persons of the drama, is drawn with wonderful 
 power. He is again held up to ridicule in The Wasps 
 (exhibited b. c. 422), a drama which gives a masterly and 
 most amusing picture of the Athenian courts, and the pas- 
 sion of the people for litigation. These are the j^rincipal 
 passages in the warfare between the poet and the dema- 
 gogue. 
 
 Aristophanes is said to have written above sixty come- 
 dies, of which eleven are extant. Ten of these belong to 
 the old comedy, and one, the Plutus, to the new. 
 
 Besides their poetical merits, the works of Aristophanes 
 are of great historical value. 'Tie was a conservative, 
 strongly opposed to the political, literary, and moral tenden- 
 cies of his age. In the delineation of characters, he used 
 the unscrupulous exaggerations which were common to all 
 the writers of the ancient comedy. The names of promi- 
 nent men, whether in politics, philosophy, or poetry, were 
 brought forward with the most unhesitating freedom, and 
 
 * Bode tliinks he may have been born abroad. Geschichte der 
 Hellenischen Dichtkunst, Vol. III. Part II. p. 219 
 
Vi PREFACE. 
 
 their conduct was handled with a severity that showed as 
 little regard for individual rights and the claims of private 
 character as is exhibited by the modern political press.* 
 To the credit of Aristophanes it must be said, that, with few 
 exceptions, the individuals selected by him for attack were 
 l^ersons deserving the reprobation of honest men. The 
 principal exceptions to this remark are Euripides and 
 Socrates, especially the latter. How far the bitter sarcasms 
 upon Euripides were justified by the influence of some of 
 that poet's writings upon the morals of the age, it is impos- 
 sible now to determine with a satisfactory degree of proba- 
 bility. 
 
 The conflict waged by Aristophanes against the sophists 
 was one of no less importance than that against the dema- 
 gogues. The comedy of The Clouds, in which the main 
 points of the contest are embodied, is, for many reasons, 
 one of the most interesting remains of the theatrical litera- 
 ture of Athens. Though, like every other comedy, its wit 
 turns upon local and temporary relations, it has, what is not 
 common to every other comedy, a_ moral jmport of per- 
 manent va lue. It was written at a time of great changes 
 in the national character of the Greeks, and bears marks 
 of its author's determined opposition to the new ethical and 
 philosophical views that were eating into the very heart of 
 the national virtues. The Peloponnesian war had for 
 eight years been desolating the fair fields of Greece ; a war 
 
 * For a discussion of the relation between Aristophanes and the 
 most eminent of his contemporaries, see Rotscher's Aristophanes und 
 Bcin Zcitalter, pp. 212-294. 
 
PREFACE. "Vll 
 
 in which, whatever party gained the victory, the losses and 
 the woes of defeat fell upon Greeks ; let success alight 
 where it would, its eflfects were disastrous to the Hellenic 
 race. One public calamity usually accompanies another ; 
 and when the ancient virtue of Athens was unnerved, the 
 sophists flocked from every side to batten on the vices of 
 that giddy-paced capital. No class of men known to his- 
 tory have ever been so worthy of the execrations of the 
 world as the Greek sophists of that age, except, perhaps, 
 the philosophers — those birds of evil omen — whose boding 
 cries foretold the storms of the French Revolution. 
 
 ■ A clear-headed and honorable citizen must have looked 
 upon the unprincipled teachings of these reprobates witli 
 abhorrence, and, if he were a man of genius, he would 
 task his powers to the utmost for the purpose of putting 
 down the moral nuisance. In modern times, such a man 
 would resort to the press as the mightiest engine to aid 
 him in waging the holy warfare. In ancient Attic days, he 
 resorted to the comic stage. The freedom of the old comic 
 theatre, before the bloody reign of the Thirty, was to the 
 Athenians what the freedom of the press is to the modern 
 constitutional states ; and the restraints imposed upon the 
 comic theatre by that formidable oligarchy were precisely 
 the same thing as the censorship of the press is under 
 modern despotisms. Aristophanes was the great master of 
 ancient comedy, and, when he saw the progress the sophists 
 were making towards the ruin of his country's morals and 
 manners, let loose upon the offenders the gleaming shafts of 
 his angry genius, — 
 
 Aecvrj 6e KAayjT} yever' apyvpioio BloXo. 
 
Viii PREFACE. 
 
 Before the comedy of The Clouds was produced, Aris- 
 tophanes had brought out The Revellers, The Babylonians, 
 The Acharnians, and The Knights. Two of these, The 
 Acharnians and The Knights had been honored with the 
 first prize. B. c. 424, he appeared with The Clouds ; but, 
 notwithstanding the distinguished merits of the piece, — in 
 the author's opinion it was the best he had ever written, — 
 the judges awarded the first prize to Cratinus, and the 
 second to Ameipsias, and only the third honors were de- 
 creed to Aristophanes. The following year he brought for- 
 ward the Second Clouds, in which he complains with 
 humorous bitterness of the injustice that had been done 
 him, and affirms, that, the sentence of the judges to the 
 contrary, notwithstanding, this comedy was the most skil- 
 fully constructed of all his pieces. Besides the ingenious 
 compliments he pays to the Attic audience, he makes his 
 chorus utter various whimsical threats to deter the judges 
 from committins; a second blunder.* 
 
 Not only the base principles of the sophists are exposed, 
 but their absurd and afiected lano;uao;e is ridiculed witli 
 masterly effect. The oddities of manner by which they 
 undertook to impose upon the popular credulity, and set 
 
 * Fritschc, liowcver, is of opinion that tlie first Clouds wns 
 materially different from the play as we now have it; and that 
 the latter, written to bring contempt upon Socrates, was never 
 represented, in consequence of a- reconciliation brought about be- 
 tween tlie poet and the philosopher. See Qua^stiones Aristophancie 
 (Do Socratc Veterorum Comicoruni Disscrtatio, pp. 99, scqq.). Tho 
 arguments fur this opinion, though ingenious, arc not conclusive. 
 
PREFACE. IX 
 
 themselves apart from the rest of the world, are held up to 
 scorn and contemj)t. But in this piece the poet's satire by 
 no means hits the sophists alone. His arrows fly in every 
 direction, — TtdtTt] dva otQarov, — and strike at public and 
 private vices, wberever found. The peculator, the dema- 
 gogue, the coward, the libertine, wore no armor thick and 
 hard enough to shield them from the fatal dart. The pom- 
 pous poet, who substituted forced and unnatural phrases and 
 extravagant imagery for simplicity of thought and clearness 
 of expression, thereby corrupting the public taste, — the 
 musician, who adopted an effeminate style, instead of the 
 ancient airs that roused the souls of the heroes of Marathon 
 like the sound of a trumpet, — and the dancer, who set 
 aside the modest movements of an earlier and better age, to 
 introduce the licentiousness of the Cordax, thereby melting 
 away the manly virtues of the youthful generation, — all 
 felt the keen edge of that satire, whose temper still keeps 
 its fineness, and whose brilliancy is scarcely dimmed by the 
 rust of more than twenty centuries. 
 
 It is very unfortunate for the fame of Aristophanes, that 
 he selected Socrates as the type and representative of the 
 sophists. Little could he imagine the effect this was destined 
 to have upon his reputation for many centuries. Little could 
 he foresee that the stories repeated by ^^^^lian would be 
 allowed to tarnish his name, until the learning and sagacity 
 of modern critics should redeem it from the bitter reproach 
 of having caused the death of the noblest man of liis age. 
 We cannot help regretting and condemning the poet'? mis- 
 taken choice of Socrates for the chief personage in the 
 play; Ve must censure the wantonness of tlie attack upon 
 
X ~ rREEACE. 
 
 his i)ersonj making a good and great man the object of his 
 overwhelming ridicule : but no ground exists for the cal- 
 umny, that he was bribed by the enemies of the philoso- 
 pher ; it is impossible that he should have been influenced 
 by the malicious prosecutors, Anytus, Melitus, and Lycon ; 
 and there is not much reason to suppose that the represen- 
 tation of the comedy had any further effect upon the repu- 
 tation of Socrates than to connect, in the popular mind, 
 some ludicrous associations with his name, and perhaps to 
 strengthen the prejudices fomented against him by his ene- 
 mies ; an effect certainly to be lamented, but not to be 
 charged upon the poet as a proof of settled malignity, and 
 of the diabolical intent to bring the greatest and best of the 
 Athenians to the hemlock. 
 
 It must be remembered, too, that Socrates was not to all 
 of his contemporaries what he is to us. He v.-as charged 
 by some with the common vices of his nge ; from this 
 charge, however, the Memorabilia of Xenophon amply vin- 
 dicates him.. There are three principal delineations of 
 Socrates which have come down to us. In an historical 
 point of view, the Memorabilia of Xenophon contains the 
 most important and authentic. The principles of the great 
 teacher arc, no doubt, here recorded with fidelity. The 
 Socrates of the Platonic Dialogues probably unites witii the 
 main features of a truthful representation many fictitious 
 details. Pie is, in many points, to be regarded as a dra- 
 matic character, through whom Plato intended to convey 
 iiis own opinions, without, however, putting into his mouth 
 any sentiments strongly at variance with the well-known 
 opinions of his teacher. Looked upon in this view, flie 
 
PREFACE. XI 
 
 Socrates of Plato is one of the most original and masterly 
 creations of genius; but it is impossible to draw the line 
 here between the Dichtung and the Walirheit. The third 
 representation is that which has been handed down by the 
 comic poet, — the Socrates of the ancient comedians. This 
 character is partly historical and partly fictitious. That 
 Socrates really occupied himself with the investigations of 
 the physical philosophers, in the early part of his life, and 
 availed himself of the teachings of the sophists, is undoubt- 
 edly true ; but he renounced and opposed them, the moment 
 his piercing intellect discerned the hollowness of their j^re- 
 tensions*.* His manner, however, if not his character, was 
 marked by peculiarities that naturally laid him open to the 
 sarcasms of the comic poets and the attacks of his enemies. 
 The singularity of his appearance and figure, the profound 
 abstraction into which he occasionally fell, in spite of his 
 otherwise eminently practical character, and notwithstand- 
 ing the fearless bravery with which, when occasion called, 
 lie met the dangers of war, and the still more formidable 
 dangers of the " ardor civium prava juhentium^^ as when 
 he happened to be president for the day of the assembly 
 that tried the generals after the battle of Arginousre, held 
 out great temptations to the unscrupulous satirists who pos- 
 sessed the public ear. It really seems as if he occasionally 
 " put an antic humor on,'' for the purpose of making people 
 
 * This subject is ably handled by Siivern, in his paper on The 
 Clouds, translated by W, R. Hamilton, F. R. S. ; by Wigg(;rs, in his 
 Life of Socrates ; and by Meiners, in the Geschichte der TVissens- 
 chaften, Vol. II. pp. 3-iG, seqq. 
 
Xll PREFACE. 
 
 open tlieir eyes and wonder. Sucli a whimsical incident as 
 that recorded of liis demeanor at tlie siege of Potidtea — his 
 standing all night in a phrontistic reverie, until sunrise the 
 next morning, drawing upon himself the curious and laugh- 
 ing eyes of the soldiery — certainly would lower the 
 dignity of a philosopher in any age, and excite the ridicule 
 of a people much less quick to see absurdities than the 
 ancient Athenians. His way of asking questions — that 
 searching irony on which he plumed himself not a little — 
 must have been maddening to the disputatious little men 
 whom he was so fond of encountering and disarming. The 
 outward courtesy which veiled his keen and cutting inter- 
 rogatories made them only the more provoking and hard to 
 bear. The most persevering question-asker of modern 
 times is but a small annoyer, compared to the master of 
 Attic dialectics, who went on with a strain of remorseless 
 irony, until the victim sunk under the inevitable reductio ad 
 ahsurdum.* 
 
 * Besides these facts, it must be remembered that Socrates spent 
 his time, not in the official service of the state, but in wandering 
 about tlie streets and public places of the city, or discoursing with 
 artisans in the workshops. He was followed by crowds of listeners, 
 who attached themselves to him, some for the sake of being instructed 
 by his wisdom, others drawn by the attractions of his incomparai)le 
 wit. His wife and children were left in a great measure to them- 
 selves ; fur, with the spirit of a genuine Greek, Socrates ])hiced the 
 cares and duties of domestic life in the background, at least as com- 
 pared with modern Christian views of tlie duties involved in the rela- 
 tions of home. Tet, in this matter, Socrates acted on a dehbcratcly 
 formed determination to consecrate his life disinterestedly to the 
 teaching of the truth. His conduct may not inaptly be compared t^ 
 
PREFACE. XJ!l 
 
 At the time Avlien Aristophanes composed The CIoLula, 
 no doubt Socrates was generally regarded by the comic 
 
 that of Howard and Wliiteficld. It would seem from the testimony 
 of the ancients,. that Xanthippe had a keener sense than most of her 
 conntrywomen of the natural rights of her sex, and was not exactly 
 pleased with the philosophic manner in which her lord and master 
 spent his time. Some modern scholars have attempted to vindicate 
 her from the charge of being a common scold, which has made her 
 name a by-word. They have shown satisfactorily that such anecdotes 
 as that of her throwing a vessel of water upon the head of Socrates, 
 and his reply, that we must always ex])ect rain after thunder, — of 
 her upsetting the table, when he brought home an unexpected gnest 
 to dinner, — and a good many other like specimens of termagancy, 
 are the gossiping inventions of later writers. The most favorable 
 decision we can adopt, however, upon a candid consideration of all 
 the circumstances of the case of XanthijDpe, is, that she did sGinetimes 
 scold, but that it was pro causa. 
 
 Among the philosophers of the later Peripatetic school, the charac- 
 ter of Socrates was greatly maligned. Some of the Christian fathers 
 unscrupulously adopted the calumnies of his enemies, and, apparently 
 thinking that justice towards a mere heathen was not a Christian 
 A'irtue, sometimes very absurdly exaggerated them. Thcodoret 
 (Sermo XIL), in contrasting the virtues of pagan philosophers Avitb 
 a Christian life, gives a pretty accurate description of Socrates. 
 " 'LojKpuTrjg ruv 6LA,Qa6<puv 6 -Kopvcpalog, kcu toIc yvfivaatoi^ lial iolq 
 cpyaari'i place 6La2.ey6(j-tvog dieriXei, .... Kal Trore [ikv hv aarei ikerptBe, 
 TTOTE (5e elg UsLpala KaTidv, rug Tzofimig Idtupet, Kal rolg urr/urair ds 
 ^vviarroiievog, nal kv HoTLdaia Kal kv AtjTlg) [mistake for A7puu)] Trape- 
 TUTTero • Kal fxev toc Kal dg ^vaoLTia amuv, aveixero Kal 'Apiarocpuvovg 
 KU)fj.cj6oi:vTog Kal 'A^^KijSLa^ov KUfia^ovTog, Kal eg diarpov avajSalvuv^ 
 
 But he goes on to charge him with intemperance, ill-temper, and 
 hcentiouiness, and repeats the absurd story, that Socrates had two 
 
 B 
 
XIV PREFACE. 
 
 poets only as the most sophistical of the sophists ; he was 
 tlieir frequent associate, and carried their argumentative 
 
 wives at once, Xanthippe and Myrto, with whose quarrels lie was 
 accustomed to amuse himself. " Avrai 6e, cvvunrovaai ftuxr/v Tvpog 
 u}J?J^?iag, knetdilv izavaaivTO km rbv 1,o)Kpar7]v up/iuvcj • 6tu tovto injiiKors 
 avTclg fxaxofiivag diaKiSkviiV, yeTidv 6e, nal lik'/JiiKaiq Kal avTu (xaxofievag 
 opCJvra." This is undoubtedly a graphic description ; but it has not 
 the slightest foundation of fact. Myrto was a daughter of Aristidcs, 
 to whom, in her poverty, Socrates had rendered assistance. Her age, 
 if nothing else, gives the lie to the patristic scandal. Luzac, how- 
 ever (De Socrate Give, p. 7), thinks that Myrto, whom he describes 
 as ArisficUs Justi sanguine jnognatam, was the first wife of Socrates; 
 but this opinion seems unsupported by any sufficient authority. 
 
 The consentijig voices of succeeding generations have pronounced 
 the character of Socrates to be the highest and purest of all antiquity. 
 The trifling foibles, if foibles they were, which laid him open to the 
 ridicule of the comic poets, have had no eiFect in diminishing the 
 reverence with which all good men consecrate his memory. The uni- 
 versal opinion is well expressed by Meiners. " He is distinguished 
 from many of the most celebrated men by the fact, that he appears 
 the more worthy of reverence the more thoroughly he is known and 
 
 the more deeply we penetrate into his life and character When 
 
 we consider how degenerate philosoj^hy had become wlion Socrates 
 discovered the truth, and how corrupt the people among whom lie 
 taught heavenly wisdom, not only without pay, but in the midst of 
 incessant persecution and danger of death, it is difficult not to believe 
 that he was enlightened and formed by a higher spirit, or, at least, 
 tliat be was sent by Providence exactly at the time when '.lie people 
 
 most needed such a teacher Socrates not only taught virtue, 
 
 but practised it; and his whole life was purer and freer from faults 
 than his philosophy from errors. In all Greek and "Roman antiquity, 
 I know^ of no one whose conduct was so irreproachable and worthy 
 of imitation, and whose character was so complete in all respects, as 
 
PREFACE. XV 
 
 style into other than the sophistical circles. It is far frora 
 wonderful that the poet had not yet learned to distinguish 
 between him and them, that he still considered Socrates to 
 be the very perfection of the sophistical character, and that 
 he was led into the mistake of holding up to reprobation 
 the man whose firmness and wit, whose clear-seeing judg- 
 ment, comprehensive intelligence, and extraordinary genius 
 were destined to work mightily towards the same end — the 
 overthrow of the sophists — which the poet himself had so 
 deeply at heart. It must be remembered, too, that the trial 
 and execution of Socrates did not occur until nearly twenty- 
 five years after the representation of The Clouds, — that 
 neither Plato nor Xenophon, though they alluded to ti\e 
 farcical representation of The Clouds, made any important 
 charge against the poet, — and that Aristophanes and Soc- 
 rates, there is some reason to believe, were on friendly, if 
 not intimate, terms during the interval. "We know that 
 
 that of Socrates. This sage was not only elevated al3ove all the 
 vices of his contemporaries, but, we may even say, almost above all 
 
 ihe weaknesses of his race His -wife, Xanthippe, paid him a 
 
 tribute which probably but few women could have paid their hus- 
 bands without flattery, and which requires some reflection to compre- 
 hend its whole extent. Xanthippe said of her husband, that he al- 
 ways had the same aspect, in coming in and in going out," Meiners, 
 Gcsthichte der Wissenschaften, Vol. II. pp. 346-470. 
 
 Some writers have ventured to compare Socrates with Jesus of 
 Xazareth. But noble as the philosopher appears among the great 
 men of antiquity, the circumstances of his life make the comparison 
 not only tasteless and daring, but impious toward the unspcakablo 
 excclleucy of the Saviour of mankind. 
 
XVI PREFACE. * 
 
 they were sometimes together at the symposia which Plato 
 and Xenophon have immortalized. At least, they are both 
 represented by Plato as taking part in the discussions of 
 the Banquet. "What must have been the conversation of a 
 supper-party made up of such men as Socrates, Plato, 
 Xenophon, and Aristophanes ! "What brilliant wit and 
 keen repartee then shot with electric speed from guest to 
 guest ! What splendor of language, what depth of thought, 
 what beauty of imagery, what overflow of poetic illustra- 
 tion, what play of frolic fancy, sparkled round the festive 
 board, outsparkling the Grecian wine ! 
 
 The greatness of the genius of Aristophanes is not gen- 
 erally appreciated, and the value of his comedies, as illus- 
 trations of the political antiquities, the life, morals, and 
 manners of Athens, is not fully understood. The truth is, 
 we are indebted to him for information upon the working 
 of the Attic institutions, which, had all his plays been lost, 
 we should have vainly sought for in the works of other 
 authors. "With what boldness and vigor does he sketch that 
 many-headed despot, the Demos of Athens ! "With what 
 austere truth does he draw the character of the Athenian 
 demagogue, and in him the demagogue of all times ! How 
 many rays of light are poured from his comedies upon the 
 popular and judicial tribunals, — the assemblies in the 
 Pnyx, the Senate, and the Heliastic courts ! No intelligent 
 reader can doubt that Aristoplianes was a man of the most 
 profound acquaintance with the political institutions of his 
 age ; no reader of poetic fancy can fail to see that he pos- 
 sessed an extraordinary creative genius. It is impossible 
 to study his works attentively, without feeling that his 
 
PREFACE. XVU 
 
 was one of the master minds of the Attic drama. The 
 brightest flashes of a poetical spirit are constantly breaking 
 out from the midst of the broadest merriment and the 
 sharpest satire. An imagination of endless variety and 
 strength informs those lyrical passages which gem his 
 works, and are among the most precious brilliants of the 
 Greek language. In the drawing of characters, his plays 
 exhibit consummate skill. The clearness of his concep- 
 tions, the precision of his outlines, the consistency with 
 w^hich his personages are throughout maintained, cannot fail 
 to impress the reader with the perfection of his judgment, 
 and the masterly management of the resources of his art. 
 His manifold and startling wit has been surpassed neither 
 by the myriad-minded Shakspeare nor the inimitable Mo- 
 liere. He had the inestimable advantage, too, of writing 
 in a language which is undoubtedly the highest attainment 
 of human speech ; and all the rich varieties and harmonies 
 of this wondrous instrument he held at his supreme com- 
 mand. Its flexibility under his shaping hand is almost 
 miraculous. The very words he wants come, like beings 
 instinct with life, and fall into their proper places at his 
 bidding. At one moment he is revelling in the wildest 
 mirth, and the next he is sweeping through the loftiest 
 region of lyrical inspiration, but the language never breaks 
 down under his adventurous flight. 
 
 But it is not to be denied that Aristophanes is often 
 coarse and indecent. Some of his plays are quite unfit 
 to have. a place in any scheme of classical reading. This 
 is not to be pardoned to the age iii which he lived, nor 
 to the men for w^hom he wrote ; coarseness and indecency 
 
XVlll PREFACE. I 
 
 are essentially base ; they always soil and degrade the lit- 
 
 * 
 
 erature into which they are admitted. Still, it is plain that 
 
 Aristophanes was less offensive than his compeers of the 
 comic tlieatre ; an Apollo among the Satyrs of the Lensean 
 festival. Nor would he suffer, if placed side by side wnth 
 the comic writers of any other age ; compared with nearly 
 every old English writer for the comic stage, he is harmless 
 and almost pure. An age which has studied with fresh- 
 ened ardor the elder drama of England, which calls for 
 edition after edition of Ben Jonson, and bears without a 
 murmur the abominations of Beaumont and Fletcher, can 
 have but little fault to find with the Hellenic freedoms of 
 Aristophanes, who wTote for a theatre to which women 
 were not admitted. The Attic drama — at least the 
 comedy, for with regard to tragedy the question is not 
 settled — never felt the refining influence which the so- 
 ciety of women exercises over the character and works 
 of man. 
 
 The Clouds, however, is one of the three or four pieces 
 of Aristophanes Avhich are least tainted with the universal 
 plague. Nothing, therefore, has been omitted from the text 
 of this edition, as but little danger is apprehended to the 
 morals of 3'oung men from a few freaks of an old Athe- 
 nian's gamesome imagination, to be interpreted only by an 
 assiduous use of the grammar and lexicon. Mr. Mitchell 
 has expurgated his Clouds, by leaving out all the objectiona- 
 ble passages, — an exercise of editorial power not very 
 complimentary to the student of the drama of Aris- 
 tophanes. 
 
 The text of this edition of The Clouds is printed from 
 
PREFACE. XIX 
 
 Dindorf's Poetce Scenici Gra3ci. In some few passages, 
 the readings of Hermann have been preferred. In the 
 preparation of the Notes, the labors of others have been 
 freely used, particularly the elegant commentaries of that 
 eminent Hellenist, Mr. Mitchell, whose editions of the sep- 
 arate comedies, notwithstanding occasional errors in minute 
 points of Greek Grammar, are an honor to English scholar- 
 ship. Bothe's edition has been found valuable in many- 
 respects ; though his explanations are sometimes fanciful; 
 and the liberties he has taken with the text are often rash, 
 and his conjectures indefensible. 
 
 The select tragedies edited by President Woolsey of 
 Yale College have done not a little to awaken and extend 
 a taste for the works of -3Eschylus, Sophocles, and Eurip- 
 ides. It is hoped that the new and engrossing duties of 
 the oflBce which he now fills, with so much benefit to the 
 College, will not withdraw him from the favorite studies 
 of his youth. The present comedy is offered to the lovers 
 of the classic theatre, as an afterpiece to those excellent 
 performances. 
 
 C. C. F. 
 
 Cambridge, January, 1848. 
 
 A few additions have been made to the notes and illus- 
 trations of this edition. Some of the materials have been 
 drawn from the editor's personal observations in Greece : 
 others are drawn from the curious analogies of the follies 
 
XX PREFACE. 
 
 
 and impostures flourisliing in the present day with those 
 so wittily and effectively handled by the poet. The excel- 
 lent edition of the Clouds by Theodor Kock has been con- 
 sulted, and valuable remarks have occasionally been taken 
 from his Commentary. 
 
 C. C. F. 
 
 Cambridge, June, 1857. 
 
PREFACE 
 
 TO THE FOURTH EDITION. 
 
 In this new edition of the Clouds the commentary has 
 been revised, corrected, and in some instances enlarged. 
 An Appendix to the Notes has been added, containing refer- 
 ences to Professor Goodwin's " Syntax of the Moods and 
 Tenses of the Greek Verb," — a work which has already 
 taken its place among the most valuable aids to the student 
 in acquu-ing a knowledge of the refinements of the Greek 
 lano^uase. 
 
 I have seen no reason to change my opinion upon the 
 general character of the poet and the object of the Clouds. 
 Perhaps the view presented in the Preface to the first 
 edition, which I have allowed to stand, upon the moral 
 worthlessness of the Sophists as a body, is too general 
 and unquaUfied. They probably differed much from each 
 other in doctrines and aim. Some of them were not only 
 cultivated, but virtuous men. Others, however, and par- 
 ticularly those whom Socrates was in the habit of refuting, — 
 the men who denied the existence of a fixed and unchange- 
 able basis for the distinction between good and evil, right 
 and wrong, truth and falsehood, honor and dishonor, — cor- 
 
XXU PREFACE. 
 
 respond to the picture I have drawn of them. On the whole 
 subject, I refer the student to the very able and dispassionate 
 chapters of Grote, upon Socrates and the Sophists. I do 
 not wholly agree with him, especially when he seems to 
 extenuate the judicial crime of the Athenian people in 
 putting Socrates to death. But the views of so profound 
 and learned a thinker are always instructive, even when 
 they appear to be wrong. If they fail to convince us, they 
 at least should be allowed to moderate the confidence which 
 we are apt to place in our own judgment. 
 
 C. C. FELTON. 
 
 Cambridge, 18G1. 
 
 In the sixth edition, many misprints which still remained 
 in the Greek text, and some slight verbal errors in the notes, 
 liave been corrected. Some changes in the text have been 
 made, chiefly by restoring the readings of the best manu- 
 scripts in the place of those of less authority. This has been 
 done especially in vss. 24, 296, 367, 493, 824, 1277, 1398, 
 1466, 1506, 1507. A few new passages have been inserted 
 in the notes, but always enclosed in brackets. The metrical 
 table, which must have accidentally escaped correction in 
 the proof of the first edition, has been carefully revised, and 
 numerous omissions therein have been supplied. 
 
 W. W. GOODWIN. 
 
 Cambridge, October, 1870. 
 
API2TO0ANOT2: NE^EAAl. 
 
3 
 
 '^TA TOT JPAMAT02 nPO^SinA. 
 
 2TPEVIAAH2. 
 
 ATKAIO^ ylOrOy. 
 
 ^Eiziinni/iHi:, ajiko:^ Aoro^. 
 
 OEPAnSlN 2TPEVnAA0r. nAZIA:^:, dareiaTr,g, 
 
 MAOHTAI ^RKPATOT:^. AMTNIAZ, duvEioii^g. 
 
 ZSIKPATH2. MAPTTZ, 
 
 X0P02 NE0EAS1N, XAIPE0SIN. 
 
 TnoeE2i2:. 
 
 To dgafia x6 twv NEq)i)MV y.aict ^(oygaTovg yiyganruL rov 
 qiiXoaocpov iniTrjdsg to? y.axoSidaaxaXovvTog Toig viovg A&r^vjjai, 
 Twv y.wjAixuv TiQog Tovg cpilooocpovg f/ovTwv tlvu uvjiXoylav * 
 ov%, wg rivEg, dc' Agx^Xuov tov 31uy.sd6r(av ^aailiix^ otl tiqov^ 
 XQirev avTov AQiOTOcpavovg. O x^Qog ds o xo}(xiy,og hotiq^sto 
 iv jji OQxriOTQn tw vvv Xs/ofievo) Xoyeio}. Kat ois ^sv ngog Tovg 
 vnoy.Qnug dieXiyETO, slg t^v ojtrjvrjv sojga ' ots ds (XTtsX&ovTajv 
 Twv VTioygiTcov tovg uvanaioTovg 8u^i]ii, ngog tov dijuov ans- 
 OTgicpsTO ' KOI TOVTo ixaXEiTO orgoffTi. 'llv ds tm iay^ijua Tf- 
 TgufiSTga. Eha ttjv avTiOTgocpov anodovTsg, naXiv Tngu/jirgov 
 iniXsyov I'ocov ffTz/wv. '//v ds nfg} to tiXuotov ig . EyMlnio 
 ds lavTci iniggri^axa. *// ds oXrj nagodog tov xogov ii(aXi7io 
 naga^aaig. AgiOTOcpuvTjg iv Innsvaiv, 
 
 ^Hv fitv Tig avfjg twv agxuioiv x(anojdodid(xayc(Xog, og rifiag 
 HvayyM^s Xe^ovTug smj ngog to ■&saTgov nagcx^tjvai. 
 
r ' ' c , . c,' r ; , 
 
 ' API2TO^)AliOf2 NE0EAAI. 
 
 <Vaai xov AQiOToqxxvtjV ygdipui zug IS'iCfilag uvaYnaod^ivia 
 vno Avvxov nal 3IsXi]tov, Xra diaoxs^aivio ndlol Tiveg sisv 
 A&Tjvaioi xaTcc ^caxgccTOvg axovovTeg. HvXa^ovvTO yag on 
 nolXcvg si/sv Iqaoiag, kcu fidXiaia rovg tuqI Alxi^Kxdrjv, ot 
 yctl enl rov 8qd(xuTog tovtov i.n]ds rixijaaL inoli]aav rov noLrjzrjV. 
 8s TtQoloyog ioTv jmv iV^gpsAwy UQ^odrnxaja not ds^LOJTaTU 
 avyy.Elfisvog. JlgEo^vrrjg ydg iariv aygoixog ■ a/&ofiErog naidl 
 aaxLKOV (fQovri^aiog yifiovjc xat t?^? svysvsiag slg nolvTsXsiav 
 anolslavxuTi. H yag twv AXxfjaion'iSajv oly.ia, o&sv rjv to ngog 
 fitjjgog yivog o fisigaxloy.og, l| oigx^i9> ^9 q)r]Oiv Hgodorog, ts- 
 ■&gi7i7ioTgoq)og r^v, v.al noXXug av)]grjfiivrj vlaag, rag fisv OXv^^ 
 nlaai, rag ds llv&dl, iviag ds la&fiot xal Nsfiia teal ev uXXoig 
 ccyMGLv. Evduyufiovottv ovv ogcov 6 reavloxog ccnixXivs ngog to 
 rjd^og Twv 71^6? ^r^Tgog ngoyovwv. 
 
 AAASli:. 
 
 IJgsa^virjg rig ^Tgsyjiadtjg' vno Savdoav xaranovovfievog dioc 
 TTjv IniioTgocplttV tov naidog, duxat tovtov, (ponr^auvTa cog tov 
 ^wx()«T7jr (.laS^iiv tov TjTTOva Xoyov, it nojg dvvaiTO t« adixa 
 Xiyuv iv TO) diy.aaTTjgio) rovg XQ^i^Tag riy.av not fiTjdsvl tmv 
 da)'et(7T0)V ftr^dev anodovvai. Ov ^ovXo/xsvov de tov /.ifigay.t- 
 oy.ov, diayroi'g avTog iX&(x)V ^av^dveir, fxa&T^TTjV tov ^toxguTovg 
 exxaXtaag Tiva diaXiysTai. Iv/.Xvddar^g 8s Tijg 8iaTgi^)jg, o'v ts 
 [la&riTal xvyXco y.(x&7]^usroi mvngol ovvogm'Tai vol uvTog o -Tw- 
 y.g(XTi,g inl ygsj^a^gag alcjgovfisvog y-al anoaxonwv t« lASTiwgre 
 &i(>igsiT(xi. Mnu Tama tsXsI nugaXu^oiv tov Tigea^vTT^j', y.al 
 tovg vofti^ofiiyovg nag' avToj Sioig^ Aiga, ngootrv 8i y.al Al- 
 &iga Hal Nsq)sXag xaTaxaXelTai, JJgog 8s ti}V ivx^v (tas'gxot'" 
 
T1L00E2I2. 5 
 
 xui lYECpiJ.ai tv oxrjUttiL ^ooov xai qtvaioXyrjaavTog ovx uniOuvMq 
 ■lov ^ojxgdiovg anoy.aTuaiuaai ngog xovg d^iaiug nfQi nlfioi'wv 
 dialsyovjui' JIIstu ds toivtu 6 fisv TiQEo/jUTrig diduoxofierog f'v 
 T(u cpursQO) Tiru twv (ioc&tj^utojv yeXanonoisl ' y.uI ineidr} diu 
 TTjV ufiadiav ix rov q)QOvriaTTjQiov ix^alXerai, u/ojv noog ^tav 
 Tov vlov avvioTr^ai tw ^'cat^aTii. Tomov di i^ayayovTog avioj 
 iv TO) ^idrQbj Tov adiy.ov xal xov dUaiov }.6yov, diayMviaduq 
 o lidiaog ngog rov dly.aiov ).6yov, xai TiaQaXa^uv uvtov o udi- 
 v.og Xoyog ixdiddoxH. Koiaou^tvog ds avTov o nazi]Q ixmnovri- 
 fibvov inriQtd^fL Tolg ;f^^'ffT«f?, xal (og xaraQ&axojg, ivb)'/jl na^ 
 Qu).a°(6v. rsvofiivTjg ds n^gl ttiV stwxiav dvTdoylag, n).r,yug 
 Xa^Swv vJio TOV Tiaidog ^orjv 'ioT7]ai, y.ai nQooyuTalulov^uvos 
 vno TOV naidog otl dlxaiov Tovg naiiqag vno twv vImv avTi- 
 TvnTsad-aij vnsqaXywv dice t^v ngog tov vlov avyy.govaiv o ys- 
 Qtav, xaTaaxdnTSL xal iiinlngriaL to cpgovTiOTrigiov twv ^'wxga^ 
 tiaxav. To ds dgdfia twv ndvv dvvaTwg nsnoirj^ivtav. 
 
 AAAS12. 
 
 nctrrjQ TOV vlov awy.qaTi^siv /SovlfTai, * 
 
 Kai TTJg nsgl ainov ipv/Qoloylag diaTQi^i] 
 'ixavri, Xoycav anovoia nqog TOVvavTlov. 
 
 XoQov ds IVf(jpdtyv mg inwcpEXrj Xeywv, 
 
 Kotl TtjV das^sinv ^oixgaTovg dit^iav * 
 *'A)lcxi •5-' vtt' ttvdgoii . . y.arriyoglai nixgal, 
 
 Kal TO)!' fia&ViTwv elg naTgaXolag iy.Tono)g. 
 
 Eix i^nvgia^og Trig axolr^g rov 2o3y.gaiovg. 
 
 To ds dg(i(xa tovto Tijg olTjg noLijasag xdXXiatov shut (prjot 
 ya} TEyviywTaTOV. 
 
 AI TtgbtTut Nscpe).(xi, iv Sgtsi ididu/&7]aav inl ug^ovTog faag^ 
 XOVf OTS KguThog fisv ivlxa IIVTivt], Afisuplag ds Kovv(o, 
 I* 
 
6 API2T0njAN0T^ NE<liEAAI. 
 
 JioJifiJ AgiarocpuvT^g dLaQi^iq)&elg nagaXo/aig o)>^»9?; duv urai^i- 
 di'i'^ag Tug diVTEQug anofisuqisu&ai, to Oiaroop. Ajiotv^ox' di 
 noli) ^lulXov y.ui ev Tolg tnma ovy.in T?yV diaay.svijv Hai]yuyfr. 
 AI de dsvTsguL NsqjslaL em A^eivlov lAQXoviog. 
 
 TovTo xaviov iajL tw ngoisQCiu ^Jitay.evaoTai ds inl fAtgovg 
 vig ilv di] avadidu^txL fisv avro ibv noir^xov TCQO&Vfjirj&ivToc, 
 ovy.tTL 8b TOVTO di 0}V TiOTS oiilav Tioir]aavTog. KadoXov ftsv 
 ovv ox^8ov naga nap fisgog yeysrrjiuerT} Siog&waig. Ta (xh 
 yag 7Tfgij]gi]Tai, t« ds ninXsKTai, koI ev TJj Ta^ei v.cn ev Tjj twv 
 ngoacjJKav diaXXayjj fieieoxrjfiaTiOTai. '14 ds okoax^g'tj Ttjg 8ia^ 
 oxev^g TOLUVTO. ovia Texvx^y.ev, avxly.a i] naga^uaig tov /ogov 
 r'l^eniTttif y.cu onov o dUaiog Xoyog ngog tov udixov XaXsl, xal 
 teXfviaiov onov y.alsTaL r\ diuTgi^rj ^ojy.gurovg. 
 
 Trjv fisv y.Mi^ojdlttV xadjjy.s xaxa Zwygaxov^, ojg Toiavia vo- 
 f.il'!^orTog, y(y.l Neq^^eXag xccl Asgct y.al xl yag aXX^ tj ^svovg si- 
 adyovxog d(xiy.ovag. Xoqm ds fxg^](Jaxo NtcpsXcov ngog xrjv tov 
 cxvdgog yax^yogiav, yal 8ia xovxo ovxcog eneygacfi]. /Jixxal ds 
 cpegovxai, Ni(fiXai. Ol ds TtUTrjyogT^aavxsg 2^(oyg(xxovg MiXrjoi 
 y.tti *AvvTog. 
 
 GSIMA TOT MATIZTPOT. 
 
 *'ArvTog xal MeXrjxog 2'(x)yg<xx£L xo) 2!(a(fgovlay.ov ^aaytjvarxfg 
 yin uvxov {j.r] dvru^eroL (jXuipai agyvgiov ly.cxvov Agiarocpthei 
 dirdoiy.aaLV, Xvu dguj^a yen avrov avoTrjarjxai' Kal eg nsiaSHg 
 y^goriu xira 2xgnpiudi]v y(xXovt.ievov enXocoaxo vno /ofon' nie'^d- 
 fnror, a di] airjXoiyei, negl xi]v xov nnidog fheidinnidov Inno- 
 xgocpluv. Ovxo) ds xovxwv exovxwv, [ai) e/iov 6 ^xgsipiadijg xl 
 noittOSL negl xa xgia, ^ovXsvixui nQoactynyelv xo) ^wy.gitxti xov 
 knvxov nuXda, 'iva nag' avxov xov aSiyov (.la&r] Xoyov, ya\ ovxm 
 rovg dareiaxag anoygovor^xai. (I>fidinnidi]g (.lev ovv, noXlu dstj- 
 ^svTog xov naxgog, ngoasX&slv ovk endax}r]. Anoxv^cov ,de r 
 
TnoeE^i2. 7 
 
 jtQiu^vTr^g jr^g in exEirov slnldog ical ovx i;(wv voiig y.ul yi- 
 vr/iai, elg devregov sids nXovv. Ovdsv yaq xi]g i]).iy.i<xg (pgov- 
 I'mag ovd' ivdv^rid^ilg iX tlolv uxonog doieisv ayi]g int yriQuog 
 oi'do) (.lavd^ui'siv nad^uneg xo^idrj viog agx^^^vog, «Aa' iig IV 
 nif'ewQDiy.ug fiovov exslvOf iav vcga oiug is yavr^jai lovg davsiaxug 
 diu nsi&ovg anoanQriaai xa ;^^7j^aTa, aviog nQoosiai tw ^'w- 
 y.Quisi' Ovx i';(0)v 8e VTir/QSTOvvTa Tjj vor^asi zov tvovv, u)Xu 
 TOLOvrog vov olg ifiuvd^avsv, olog xal uqIv xijg naiduag ecprjCpSuif 
 uviog fxiv uniyv(a nuidevEod^ai, 7igoosXd^(ov ds tw naidl y.ul av^ 
 ^ig TiolXulg TiETfsiy.s xoug dsi]asaLV ifu juv ^oiygaTOvg ofiilrfjiav 
 y£via&tti. "O ds xal yiyovs xai fisfid&rjics. 2vvlaTaiai 8s. xo 
 doufta in xoQOV ]\s(f)slo}v. *.E;isi de xaiTjyogtaV xov 2'(oy.Quxovgy 
 oxt xovg avrrj&sig ■&£ovg a<fslg xaiva ivo^i^e Sai^oviu, Asgot 
 xal NsqiiXag xal za joiavxa. 
 
 AAASli:. 
 
 ITQsa^vxrjg xig 2xQi\l)iu8rig vno davsltov xaxanovovfisrog dia 
 xi]v ImxoxQocpiav xov naidog dslxai xovxov q)oiri]actvxa tig xov 
 ^ojygdxTjv ^a&tHv xov adiy.ov Xoyov, ontag fir^dtrl xuv davsiuxdjv 
 lATjdev anodwoT]. Mi] ^ovXo^ivov ds xov naidog Hosg/sxciL uv- 
 xog. Kul fii] dwafxevog ^a&eiv dia xo yiigag fyditoysxai. Tno~ 
 (jxgiipug 8s y.al xo) vlo) nslaag ^yaysv avxov xo> ^Myguxsi, eg 
 xuXiaag xov dlyaiov Xoyov y.ul u8Ly.ov xal a'lgsoiv xo) rsoj 8ovg 
 fy.Xi^aad^ai, 8i8uay.SL iyuvov xov uSixov Xoyov. MaO^btv 81 a 
 vlog oni^Q f[iovXsxo 6 mxxrjQ xal xi]V naxvxi]xa f'y.slvov xuiuyvovg 
 xvnxii xov naxigu avxov saxiwvxu. . 8s uXyrjOag 8ia xi^v xov 
 nuiSog aasijsiav unsXdbtv xaxaxaisv to qgovxiaxi]giov, vofxiaag 
 2(aygdxriV ai'xiov xijg aos/jsiag xov naidog fbai» .Kaxiqyogil Si 
 eVrai'i^a xov 2'(i)ygdxovg b)g aos^ovg xal ^evovg v)foi'? ensiaa^ 
 yovxog ucpivxog rovg avvr^&sig. Emygdcpsrai 8s NscfiXai, 8ioxi 
 naQBiadysxai X^gog NfqxXuv o^iXiov Zbrngaxsiy ug trv^ii^s -Qsag, 
 
8 API:2T0<I>AN0T:S ISEfliEAAl, 
 
 oig AgiaTocpuvrig }tari]yogst. 'O yag "AvvTog aai Mih]rog (pdo^ 
 vovrtsg Zbi-AQdm aal /^^ dvvd^svoi oikXcag ^laipai, ?/ q)avsQb)g 
 y.aT7]yoQ)iaac fisydXov oVto?, Ixavov agyvgiov diduxaoiv 'Aqioto- 
 (parsL ravT7]v t))v ycofiojdlap xar' iy.uvov yqaipau Ta 6e ttoo- 
 . awnu ^TQ£iiJidd)]g, flJEidmnlSi^g, ija&rjTi)g ^coxgdiovg, Zwy-Qazi-ig^ 
 XOQog Necpdwv dUaiog loyog, udiyog Xoyog, Jlaaiag dav£iairig, 
 ftdgivg. 
 
NE^EAAI. 
 
 lov tov 
 
 ^J2 ZSV j3aGt?^£V, TO XQ'fJl^ci tcov vvxtcov ooov 
 ""ArcigavTOv ovSiTZod'^ ijuega yevijaeTai ; 
 Kal ixriv TtdXai y aXsycigvovo? ijxovo^ l/«. 
 Ol S^ OLxiTat giyycovaiv' aXV ovx oiv ngo tov, 5 
 "ArcoXoio hjT\ d) 7t6?v£U€, noXXav oilvsxa^ 
 "Or' ovdi ycoXdo' e^sazc fwt tovs otyJxa?. 
 ^AXV ov8^ 6 ygricnds ovTOdl vsavlas 
 ''EyelgETaL Tip vvxros, dXXd negdexat, 
 ^Ev TtsvTS Giavgaig iyx£xogSv?.7]fi£vos» 10 
 
 ^AXX'' £i dox£L^ g£yxaii£v £yx£xa?^vf,ifi£voc, 
 " A7.V ov dvvauaL d£i?.aiog £v8£tv 8axv6fi£vos 
 'Ttzo rijs dandvijg xal Tjjs (pdivTjs xal Tav yg£(ov^ 
 Aid TovTOvl TOV vlov. ^ O Si XOl^lTJV £y/COV 
 ' lTC7TdX£Tai T£ xal ^vvagiX£V£TaL 15 
 
 ^ Ov£igo7toX£L d^ LTiTiovs' lyco 8^ d7T6?.Xvf.iat^ 
 ' Ogov dyovaav T?p a£Xijv'qv £Lxd8as. 
 Ol ydg ToxoL yagovaiv, "A7tT£^ naZ^ Xv^vov, 
 Kdxcp£gs TO ygai.ifxaT£LOv, tV dvayvco Xa^cov 
 '' OjiocfoLS 6(p£i},o xal Xoyiacoaai tovs toxovs. 20 
 
10 NE ^ E jlAI. 
 
 (PsQ^ i8o}, Ti 6(p£iXco ; Jadsxa fxvds IJaaia, 
 Tov dods'ica fivds IJaaca ; Ti Bygij6d(.ujv ; 
 "Or* inQidi-ajv tov xoTinaTLav, Ol^ol TotAa?, 
 Eld''' i^sy.OTirjv TtgoTsgov tov 6(p&aXi.i6v Xl&co. 
 
 fi'EJzlinniJii^. 
 0lXcov^ ddixEiS • IXavvE tov aavTOv dgofiov. 25 
 
 :sTPE4nA/in2. 
 Tovt' eCTi TOVTL TO Tcaxov o fx' djtoXaXexsv 
 " OvetgojioXu ydg xal xad^ev^ov LTtTtixijv. 
 
 Uooovs dgoi^iovs iXd za noXei-UOTrigia ; 
 
 ^Efii |tifV ov noXXovs tov naTBg' eXavvsis dgo^iovs. 
 '^Tdg Ti xgios l'/3a ^tf ^(£tcc tov ILaoiav ; 30 
 
 Tgsis i^ivat dicpgiaxov xal Tgo/ocv 'A^vvla, 
 
 ^>Ei/linni/Jii2. 
 ^' AKays TOV irntov i^aXcaag oixads. 
 
 2 TPE ^PIA A 112. .- 
 
 "^ AXV « ^dV i^ijXixag if^ts y ex tcov l^icov, 
 "Ot£ xal 8ixc/,g a(ph^xa, yaTegot toxov 
 ^ Evayvgdaaad^at (paatv. 
 
 <i>EiAinniAJi2. 
 
 'Etsov, a TtaTcg, ^>o 
 
 Ti dvoxoXaivsLS xal OTgscpst ttJv vvyd^ oXr^v ; 
 
 y'TPE^'IAAlI^. 
 
 ddxvBi ^6 di'ifxagyos tls ix tSv (jTgco^iaTcov, 
 
 /. ^I>EIAinnTAH2.y. ,, .: 
 
 Eaoov, a daifiovis, xaraSagd'Hv ti f.i£. 
 
 ISTPEn^AAll^. 
 
 ^v d' ovv xdd^svds ' Ta di ygsa ravr' l(j&^ oti 
 
NE<PEAAI. II 
 
 'E? Tyv xscpahjv ajiavra ti^v oijv Tgeipczai. 40 
 
 'Efiot ydg ?p a^goixog ijdiazos jSio?, 
 
 BgvcDv (.LsXiTiais xal 7igo[3dTOLg xal OTSf^KpyXois, 45 
 ^'Etzslt^ k'piua 3l8yt)(,x?Jovs tov MeyazXiovg 
 "AdsXcpcdijv iiygoixos cov i^ darecDg. i,jAJj>- 
 2^e^ivTiiv^ Tgv(paaav^ i/xexoiovgcofievriv, 
 TavTi^v or' i/dfxovv^ ovyxaTEy.Xivopjv iya 
 " O'Ccov igvyog^Tgaaias^ igccov nsgiovoias^ 50 
 
 ' H d' av i^ivgoVj y.goKOv, xaTay/,aTTiOfidTG}v, 
 /lajtdvj^g^ Xa(pvy^iOv^ KaAiddog, Eey£TvX?udog. 
 Ov ^i7^v iga y ag dgyog ?p, aAA' iand&a. 
 " Eyco 8^ dv avTjj &0iadzL0v dei'xvvg to8l 
 Ilgocpaatv ecpaoxov. 'J2 yvvai^ Xiav onad^ag. 55 
 
 OEFAJISIN. 
 
 ^' EXatov i^iiv ovx h'vsai^ iv t« Xv^vco, 
 
 ^rPEnnAziii:s. 
 
 OiflOL' TL ydg fAOt TOV TlOZl^V lptT£S Xv^vov ; 
 
 /levg' £l&\ tVa ycXdjig, 
 
 OEPAnSlN. 
 
 /fid TL diJTa xXavoopiac ^ 
 
 ^TPEWIA/lIi:^. 
 
 "Oil tcov na^eicov ivsTt&sig d^gvaXXiScov. 
 
 Mszd TcciJi^^', oircjg vSv sysvad^ viog ovzo6i, 60 
 
 ^Efiot zs 87^ >cal zrj yvvaiyii zdyad^rj^ 
 
 Usgl zovvo^iazGg 81] ^vzsvd^sv i}.oi8ogovfi£d'a' 
 
 ^ H iiev ydg ltttzqv jrooaciid^ct ngog zovvo^ia, 
 
12 NE<PEAAI, 
 
 Sdvd^tTtTtov ij XdgiUTtov i] KaXXcTCnidriv, 
 
 ^ Eya 8i Tov ndnnov hcdifii^v 0et8covid7fv, 05 
 
 Teas [xiv ovv ixgivofiei}^ ' stia tS X9^^^ 
 
 Koivff ^VV£J3llU£V xd&ifisd'a 08LdfJl7lt87^V. ; 
 
 TovTOv TOV vLov XafijSdvovo^ ixogiX^TO^p^^^^'^ . 
 "Oiav av ^i}^as «V dg^c^ iXavvr^g ngos noXiVy 
 "JloTtsg M^yaxXsijs^ ^voTtd^ eyav. ^E/co 8^ scpijv^ 70 
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 Mlav avgov drgajtov 8ai^uovicog V7isgq)vd. ^ 
 ^^Hv ijv dvauciaco zovtovl, aod^jjao^iaL 
 "AaX"^ £^£/£igat TtgcoTOv avxov povXofiaL, 
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 <i>Ei/iinni^n^, 
 
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 fi>Ei/linni/iii:s. 
 
 NlJ TOV Il00£l8a TOVTOVL TOV LTtKlOV. 
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 OvTos ydg 6 &€6s aiTiog ilwl tSv xaxav. 85 
 
NE0EAAI. 13 
 
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 ^Ei/iinniAiis, 
 Ti oifv Ttid'co^at drJToi Ooi ; . 
 
 2TPE^fIAJlI2. 
 
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 Kal [,idv&av^ iXd'av av eyco TzagaLvioco, 
 
 fi>EiJinniJii2. 
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 Kat Tl Ttstasi ; M / y^ 
 
 nelao^aiy 90 
 
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 2TPEniIA/lH2. 
 
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 2TPEV[fIA/JH2. 
 
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 ^EvTavd"^ ivotxovo^ dvdgss oi tov ovgavov 95 
 
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 ^EiJinni/lHZ. 
 Eialv di Tiveg ; 
 
 2tpewia/Ih:s. 
 
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 2 
 
14 , NE0EAAI, 
 
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 ^iEiJinni/}n2. 
 Ai^oi^ novijgoi y\ oida. Tovs dXa'Covas^ 
 Tovs (o^giavTas, tovs avvnodTJiov? Xeysis • 
 'Slv b xaxodaificov 2JcoxgdTr^s xal Xatgecpav* 
 
 2TPE VIA A H2. J \^^ " ' 
 
 ^ AXV II Ti xrjdet tSv Ttargcoov dXffhcov, 
 TovTcov ysvov fxot^ cf^aadfisvos tjjv InmytT^v, 
 
 ti>EiAinni/lH2. 
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 Tovg (padcavovs, ovg jgicpet Aecoyogas* 
 
 STPE^ffA/ill^:. 
 
 ^'I&\ dvTiPokS a\ CO cpiXTax^ dv^gSncov iixot, no 
 'EX&cov diddoxov, 
 
 ^iEi/Jinni/lH2. 
 
 Kal TL aoL ixad'jjcfo^aL ; 
 
 ^TPE^nA/inz. 
 Eivat nag'' aviotg cpaoiv d^cpa tco Xoya, 
 Tov xgeiTTOv\ oaris iori, xal tov rjXTova. 
 TovTOiv TOV eTsgov tolv Xoyoiv, tov ijiTOva^ ^ 4-^ 
 Nixdv XiyovTa cpaOL TddixcoTsga. 115 
 
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 Ovx dv drtodoijiv ov8^ dv oj^okov ovdevi. '^ 
 
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 Tovs LTtTtsas TO ^gofia diaxexvaiOfdvos, '^^* 120 
 
 :sTPEnfiAJiJ:s. 
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,' f^ 
 
 NE<^EAAI. ,.,.15 
 
 Oi/'t' oci/ros oi/i9^' 6 ^vycog ov&^ 6 aai-icpoQas' 
 ' ^AA' a^eX6jj^ h ycogaxas ix rijs oty.ias. 
 
 ViAA' ov TisgioipsTac u' 6 d-etog MeyaxXhjs 
 "Avijiuov, ^AX)^ stasti^u^ oov 5' ov cpgovxca, 125 
 
 ZTPEWIA/tH2. 
 
 ^AXV ovd^ iyco [xevtol Ttedav ye xuao^iai' 
 
 'AXk^ Ev^dl^isvos Toiaiv &sols dcdd^ofiaL 
 
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 Ilcog ovv yigav av xqiTtihjOj^civ xal jSgadys 
 
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 JMAOHTIIS. 
 
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 MA0HTI12. 
 
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 2TPE u^ia/Ih:^. 
 ^vyyvcad't (.lOL'* tijXov ydg olxo tov dygc3v. 
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 MA O. II Til 2. 
 
 ^AXV ov d^si-ug ttXjJv Toig (.lad^iiTaiaiv Xeyeiv. 140 
 
 2TPE^^IA/JII2. 
 
 Aiys vvv iiiol &aggcov' iyco ydg ovtoOl 
 "Hxco fiad^ijTjjg elg to (pgovTtcfTijgtov, 
 
16 NE0EAAI, 
 
 MAOIITIIX. 
 
 As^o. JVofiiGai 8i Tctt/ra ^grj fivctTjjgta* 
 "AvijgeT' agTL Xaigscpavra J^axgdiT^s 
 ^FvlXav onodovg aXXono Tovg avrijs Ttodas' 145 
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 2TPEWIA/iH2, 
 
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 MAOHTH^. 
 
 As^tSiara. 
 Kijgdv diaxij^ag, slxa ri^v xuvlXav Xa^av 
 'Evij3aipsv els rov xr^gov avjjjs tco nods, 150 
 
 Kdia ipvyelar^ Ttsgdipvoav Usgaixat. 
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 2TPEWIA/1II2. 
 
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 MAQHTII2. 
 
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 0g6vTia[A,a ; 
 
 2TPE ^n A /I II 2. 
 
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 MA0HTII2\ 
 
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 2TPEWIA^II2:. 
 
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 MAOHTII^. 
 
 Erpaaxsv sTvat rovvisgov t^? ifiTTcSog 160 
 
 JSievov 8td XsTTTOv ^' ovrog avTov rip^ nvoiiv 
 
NE0EAAI. 17 
 
 JBla j3a8i^6Lv sv&v Tov^^jOTtvyiov 
 .^' Ensiia '/colkov ngog arsvo ngooy,di.uvov 
 Tov Ttgcjxiou rix^iv vtio ^las tov jivevfiaTOS. 
 
 2TPE'<[nA/lH:S. 
 
 2!dX7iL'y^ 6 TtgaxTo? ioTiv ciga tcov iujicdav. 165 
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 MAeilTIIZ. 
 
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 ^TPE^^iA/in:^. 
 
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 3IA0IITII2:. 
 
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 2TPE'<mA/}II2. 
 
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 MA0HTH2. 
 
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 ^TPE^'IAJHS. 
 
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 maohth:^. 
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 2TPEVIA/iH2. 
 
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 ^Avoiy^ dvoLy"^ dvvcfas to (pgovTiaiijgiov, 
 2* 
 
18 NE^EAAI. 
 
 Kal Set^ov 6g t ay lot a ^loi rov Ucdycgdiij, 
 Mad'iiTLCd ydg' dXX^ dvot/e rijv &vgav. 
 "'SI ' HgaxXeis^ javil noBand id d^ijgta ; 
 
 MAOTITU^. 
 
 Ti td^avaaoas : iw ooc doxovaiv elxivat ; 185 
 
 :STPEWIA/1II2. 
 
 Tois ix IJvXov Xr^(p&eLai, Toig AaxcovLxotg. 
 "Aidg Tt Ttoj^ is Tijv yrjv ^Xs/tovatv oviotl ; 
 
 31 d OUT 11^. 
 
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 ^TPEaflA/1112. 
 
 BoX^ov? dga 
 
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 MAO JIT n:^. 
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 2;TPEnnAz]ii:s. 
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 IlIAOJITJiy. 
 
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 "AXX'' eLOid'\iva ^ltj 'xsu'os 7)uiv inizv/rf. 195 
 
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NE^EAAI. 19 
 
 MAQUTii:^:. 
 
 ^TPEWIAJJi:^. 
 
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 MAOHTJi:^. 
 
 ^TPEnfiAzJii:^. 
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 MAOIITII^. 
 
 Fr^v dvai^urgsiod'at. 
 
 2TPE^JIA/iH2. 
 
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 ]\IA0nTH2. 
 
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 ^TPE^lA/llI^. 
 
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 MAOHTll^. 
 
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 Aids asv ^A&ijvat, 
 
 ^TPE'inAJiiy:. 
 
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 MAOIITIiy'. 
 
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 ^TPEnnAzlHZ. 
 
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20 NE0 EAAl. 
 
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 ^AXV i\ AaxBdai(xav nov ^otlv ; 
 
 MA0HTH2. 
 
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 2TPE^fIA/III2. 
 
 ^ Sis lyyvs ri^Sv. Tovto ndvv cpgovTi^ers^ 2i5 
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 MAOHTHU. 
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 2TPE^flA/JH2. 
 
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 MAOHTH^. . 
 
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 ^TPE^^IAAII^. 
 
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 MAeHTH2. 
 
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 ^TPEWTAAli:^' 
 
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 2fLKPATIi:S. 
 
 Tl fis xaXsLS. (0 ^^iji.(£gs ; 
 
NE^i EAAI, 21 
 
 2!TPEW1A/1II2. 
 2fLKP4.TH2. 
 
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 2TPE^fIA/lH2. 
 
 ^Ekelt^ duo jaggov rovs d^eov? vnegcpgovsLg, 
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 2 Si KPA TH2. 
 
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 AsTtjrjv xajai^u^as els tov o^xolov d^ga. 230 
 
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 Ovx dv Ttod"^ svgov ' ov ydg dXV ij yii (Slcc 
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 llda^ct di lavTO tovto xal id xdgda^a, 
 
 2TPEWIAJII2:. 
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 2:n.KPATii2. 
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 HTPE^^IAAHS. 
 
 Bov?,6fisvog fxad^siv XiyHV» 
 ' Tjto ydg Toxcov ^gjjoicjv is dvoxoXcoidTov 240 
 A/oixat, cpigo^aL^ jd /gijfiai'' ive^vgd^oi^iac, 
 
 ZSIKPATII2. 
 
 lUod'ev 5' vTtd^gsag aavrov eXad'Bs yevo^evos ^ 
 
22 NEfPEAAI. 
 
 N6009 ijC i/tiigLipev litTtixyj, dsivrj (paysiv. 
 '^AAa ^£ dtda^ov roV eiegov tolv aoiv koyotv^ 
 Tov fxi^div aTiodidovTa. Mtod^ov d^ ovtlv^ av 245 
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 ^SLKPATIi:^. 
 
 UoLOvs d'sovs ofiu 6v ; ngcozov ydg d^eol 
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 2TFEnnAAlI2. 
 
 Tc^ ydg o^vvt'' ; rf 
 2JL8ageoioiv^ San^g Iv Bv^avTico ; 
 
 ^siKrATHy;, 
 BovIbl rd &£La ngd/fiaz^ eldivat aacpm 250 
 
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 ZTPEnnAAlI2, 
 
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 ^SLKPATII^. 
 
 Kai ^vyyeviad^at rats Ne(pEXaL(jiv h X6/ovs, 
 Tats rifierigaKji daifioaiv ; 
 
 2TPE^nAAii:s. 
 
 ^IdXiajd ys, 
 
 2fLKPATII2. 
 
 Kdd'i'Cs TOLVvv ijil TOV ugor axL[X7io8a, 
 
 *Idov xdd^T^fxai, 256 
 
 ^SlKPATIi:^. 
 
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 Tov dTEcpavov. 
 
 :^TPEwiyiAn:^. 
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.V /: ti, EJ AT, 23 
 
 HIIKPATH^. 
 
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 ' IIf.l£LS TZOLOV^SV, 
 
 2TPE^IAJHJl\ 
 
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 2TPE^VIA/Jni\ 
 
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 ^fLKPATIi:^. 
 
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 Aaangos t' Ald^r^^ aBftvai te d-eal Nsq)iXai figov- 
 
 xriOLxsgavvoL^ . 265 
 
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 Tsogoi, 
 
 2TPEn>IA^TIZ. 
 
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 2P.KPATU^. 
 
 inidst^tv • 
 
24 NE^EAAI, 
 
 at xad-TlOd-E^ 270 
 
 Eix* 'Jlxeavov Ttaigos iv xijitois isgov ;(oq6v t- 
 
 orars Nvi.i(paL5, ; j/^ jv rXc 
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 TSad'S TtgO/OLOLV^ .^J\ 
 
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 yagelcjaL, 
 
 X0P02. 
 
 ^Aivaoi NecpeXai, 275 
 
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 Uajgos du'' ^Slxsavov (^agvayios 
 
 ' TijJijXcop ogscjv xogvcpds iitl 
 
 /ievbgoKoaovSj iva 280 
 
 TijXEcpavsiS (jKOTiidg dcpogcD^isd'a^ 
 
 Kaguovs t' dgdo^evav legdv yd^ova, ,, > 
 
 Kal noxa^cov ^a&ecov xeXahi^aja^ J [^*J^^\ 
 
 Kal TtovTOv xsXddovia j3agvj3gofxov' 
 
 ^'Oaaa ydg ald'igos dycd'^iaTov OEXayeiTat 285 
 
 3Iagfiag8aLS iv avyats. 
 
 ^ AXV dTroastadfievat vicpos o^pgiov 
 
 'AO-avdias tdias i/iLdS^ie&a 
 
 TrfXsaxoTTcp ofXfiaTt yaiav. 290 
 
 ^SlKPATI12, * 
 
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 xaXsoavTog. 
 " Htodov cpcovijg dfia ycat Pgoviijs fivxrjoaixsvi^s 
 
 xhsoaemov ; 
 
NE0EAAI. 25 
 
 2TPEV[fIAAH2. 
 
 Kai oei3oi.iac 'y\ 6 ixoXvxiiiijTOL^ xal j3ovXoij.aL dv- 
 
 TanoTiagdelv 
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 2:fLKPATH2. 
 
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 V£9 OVTOf 
 
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 XOPO^ 
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 ydv 300 
 
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 OvgavLOLS ts -dsots Sagiji^iaia^ 305 
 
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 Kai TigoGodoi (.laxdgcov IsgajTarai, 
 
 Evaricpavoi ts &£cov d^vaiai &aXiaL Tf, 
 
 TlavToBaTcaig iv Sgaig^ 310 
 
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 Kai Movca (3agv[Sgo^ios avXiov, 
 
 STPEnnAAH2. 
 
 Ilgos Tov Jlos dvzijioXcd as, cpgdcfov, tcves hg* (3 
 3 2Ja)xgaTe?, avjac 
 
26 NE0EAAI, 
 
 Al (pdey^dixsvai tovto to gs^vov ; ^cov rjgcovaL 
 
 TLves eIolv ; 315 
 
 "Hxiai^ aAA' ovgdvt,aL Ne(peXai^ fisydXai deal 
 
 dvdgdoLv dgyols ' 
 Ainsg yvafiT^v Tcal dtdls^tv xal vovv i^fitv na- 
 
 gi^ovac 
 Kal TsgaTEiav xal negcXs^Lv xal xgovoiv xal xa- 
 
 jdXijwLv. 
 
 ^TPE'^nAzJlI^. 
 
 TavT^ dg^ dxovoao^ aviav to cpd^iy^'' 7) ipv^^ fxov 
 
 TTSTtOTyjai^ 
 
 Kal XsTiToXoystv ijdij ^i^ist xal mgl xanvov ojs- 
 
 V, VoXeG'/ELV, 320 
 
 : Kal yvo^idia yvapjv vv^ad' hsgcp Xo/cp dvziXo- 
 
 yijoai ' 
 "J2oT% €L TtSs iciTtv, Idecv avrds ijSi^ cpavegcos ini- 
 
 2:fiKPATn:^. 
 J^ksTis vvv devgl ngos ryv Udgv^d^^' I'lh^ ydg oga 
 
 xaziovaas 
 ^ Hav^^ avzds, 
 
 2TFEnflA/IIi:S. 
 
 0sg£^ Ttov j dst^ov, 
 ^n.KFATii:^. 
 
 Xcogov6^ avxai ndvv noXXal 
 Aid iSv xoiXcov xal lav daaeav, avjai nXdyiaL^- 
 :i'TP]':nuA/iii2. y. \ |I,.apa5^' 
 TcTo^gijua^ 32r. 
 'Jls ov xaO^ogcS. 
 
NEipEAAI 27 
 
 ZJlKPATIi:^. 
 
 Ilagd T?/V £iGodov. 
 
 2TPE^fIAzin^. 
 
 ^' Hhj vvvl fiohs ovras. 
 
 2SIKPATH2- 
 
 Nvv yk TOi ijSr^ xad^oga? avid?^ si lu] ?,rii.iag xo- 
 Ni) AV sycoy, S TtoXvTLfii^TOt, ndvTOL ydg ijdri xa- 
 
 TS/OVGL, 
 ^P-KPATIIZ. 
 
 Tavras fxevroi 6v d'sdg ovaas ovz ySr^s ov8^ Ivo' 
 
 2TPE^nA/JJI2. 
 
 Md AV ^ dXV oiiiyXi]v xal bgoaov avrds r/yovfii^v 
 
 Tcal xanvov sivac, 330 
 
 2:nKPATii^. 
 
 Ov ydg {xd AV oiad^ otli] nXBiazovg avxai pooxov- 
 
 6L aocpiajd?, 
 
 GovgioadvTEig^ largoTe/va?, GcpgayiSovvyagyo'/CO- 
 
 KvyJuav T£ ^ogav dGiiazoxd^iTtT as, dvdgas fiSTSco- 
 
 goq)8vaxag^ 
 Ovdsv Sgavias j36gxovg^ dgyovs, on Tctv'rag fiov" 
 
 G07T0L0VGLV. 
 i:TPE'4fIAJlI2. 
 
 TavT^ dg^ inoLOvv " vygdv Nscps^^dv Gxgenxat.- 
 
 yXdv ddiGv ogudv,^^ 'S,i6 
 
 ^' UXoxduiOVS v>' ixaxoyxccpd/.a Tvcpa, ixgiiaaLvov 
 
 Gas Tf i9-i'f AAas," 
 
28 NE'PEAAI. 
 
 EiT^ " a^^tocg," "^if^ag," ''"ya^txpovs olavov? as- 
 
 ^'"OfjiPgovg ^' vddzcov dgoasgdv NecpeXdv^^ • fiV 
 
 ccvt' ai'Tcjy xaTSTtLPov 
 
 •' Keaxgdv isf^id/i] fisyaXdv dya&dv, xgsa t' 6^?^^- 
 
 ^£/,a xL/j^Xdv.^* 
 
 2IIKPATH2. 
 
 /^id fxivTOi idad^ ov^l dixaLO? ; 
 
 2TPEWTA/iH2. 
 
 As^ov d}^ fioL, Ti Ttad'ovaai, 340 
 EiTtsg NecpiXai y elalv dlTjd'Ss^ d^vriiaU si^aai 
 
 yvvai^Lv ; 
 Ov ydg ixsLvai y slctl TOLavxai. 
 
 2fLKPAriI2. 
 
 0ig£, noiai ydg rivis sldiv ; 
 
 2TPE^nAJlI2. 
 
 Ovx oida aacpm* ei^aatv yovv igioiciLv TtSTtTafii- 
 
 voiai, 
 Kov/l yvvailiv^ fid Al\ ovd^ otlovv avxai 8i gt- 
 
 ZfLKPATIi:^. 
 
 'Anoxgtvat vvv ccrr' dv sgcof^iai. 
 
 2TPEVIAAII2. 
 
 Aeys vvv Ta^^ias o ti jSovXei. 345 
 Js:fiKPATn:s. 
 'HSr^ ttot' dva^Xexpag blSss vacpsXijv Ksvjavgco 
 
 ofioiav 
 IT TiagSdXsL rj Xvxcp ij xavgco ; 
 
 STPE^nA/Jlli:. 
 
 Nyj AV £yoy\ Eixa ti tovto ; I 
 
I 
 
 NE0EAAI, 29 
 
 riyvoviaL navd-^ oaa fiovXovTai * jcar' ^V ^iv 180- 
 
 at 7iOf.nJTi^v, 
 ^'Aygiov Ttva tcov Xaoicov tovtcov, oTovtisq tov Se- 
 
 vocpdvTOv^ 
 2^xco7tTovaat ttjv ^aviav aviov KevxavgoLs yxa- 
 
 aav avTOLs. 350 
 
 2TPEnnA/iHZ. 
 
 Ti ydg^ ijv dgrca/a tSv hj^ioalcov xarLdcooi ^Jifxco' 
 
 vay TL dgaoLV ; 
 2:jiKPATii:s:. 
 'Ajiocpaivovaat zijv (pvatv avrov ?,vxol e^aicpvris 
 
 iyivovTO, 
 
 2TPE^^IAAH2. 
 
 TcKVT* dga^ xavja K}.£covv{xov avxai jov glipoLciTtLV 
 
 %0^i? idovoat, 
 "Utl dsiXoiajov tovtov acogcov^ eXacpoi did toiJt' 
 
 iyavovTO. 
 
 2SLKPATH2. 
 
 Kai vvv y OTL KXeLod-ev-q eiSov^ ogag^ Bid tovt* 
 
 eyivovTO yvvatxss, 355 
 
 :STPE^^IAAH2. 
 
 XaigsTS Toivvv, a dioTiotvat' xal vvv, UTteg tlvl 
 
 TcdXXco. 
 Ovgavofxijxff grj^ais xd^ol cpcovrjv, cb jta^j^aOLXsiac, 
 
 XOP02:. 
 Xatg\ a ngeo^vra TcaXaLoytvig^ d^-qgajd loyav 
 
 (piXoixovGCiv ' 
 2Jv Tf, XsnTordicov hjgav hgsv, (pgd^s ngos ruids 
 
 3* 
 
80 NE^EAAI. 
 
 Ov ydg av dkXa y vnaxovaaiiisv xav vvv fiSTScO' 
 
 gOCjOfpLOZCOV 360 
 
 nh]v 7) Ugodixa)^ tw f.iiv oocpias xal yvc)[.iijs ovve- 
 
 %Ct, (706 5f, 
 
 "Oxi jSgsvd'vsL t' iv Talaiv 68ots xal lacpdaXuco 
 
 naga^dXXeis^ 
 KdvvTiodTjTos ycaxd noXX^ dvs^ec xdcp^ ri^iv ae^ivo- 
 
 7t go (J con ELS. 
 
 ^Sl JTjj rov (p&i/iJ.aTog, 6s Isgov xal (jE[xv6v xal 
 
 TEgaTcoBes* 
 
 2SIKPath:e. 
 
 Avjai ydg tol [lovai eloI d^Eai' jdXXa di ndvj* 
 
 ioTi (pXvagos* 365 
 
 ' O Zevs 5' 7]fuv, fp^Q^-i Tcgos TTJ? Erj?^ ovXv^tclos 
 
 ov ^Eog EOT IV ; 
 
 ZP-KPATIiy:. 
 
 HoLos Zevs'j ov [Aij XijgijOrfs' ovB^ sail Zevs. 
 
 2TPEnfIAJUZ. 
 
 Tt Xi/Ei? 6v; 
 *AXXd Tis vel; tovtl ydg Efxoiy dnocpijvat ngSiov 
 
 dndvTav, 
 
 2SIKPATII2. 
 
 Avrat 87] Ttov * iiEydXois Si o' iya or^^iELOLS avzo 
 
 Sidd^co. 
 ^sgs^ Ttov ydg nanoT^ dvEv NsepEXSv vovt* ySrf 
 
 TE&saaaL y 370 
 
 KaiTOL XQW ccii^^tocg velv aviov, zai^'ras 5' dno- 
 
 hj^Eiv. 
 
NE0EAAI. 31 
 
 Nri Tov ^ AtcoXXco^ tovto ye tol tw vvvl Xoyoo sv 
 
 Tigoaecpvaas ' 
 KahoL TtgoTsgov tov /ft' dh^d^as to^n^v Sid xooxl- 
 
 vov ovgsLv. 
 ^ AXV oGTis 6 (Sgovzav laxi (pgdaov ' tovto fis noi- 
 
 el TSTg^i-iaLVSLv, 
 ^fLKPATii:^:. 
 Amat pgovTcoOt xv},tv86usvaL, 
 
 TS TgoTtcp, CO ndvTa ov ToXficov ; 375 
 
 ^P.KPATIi:S. 
 
 ^'Otuv i^inXrictd^aG^ vSaTog no/kov xavayxaad-coOL 
 
 (psgeo&ai, 
 KaTaxgi^fivdfisvat nXiigeig ofiiSgov dc^ dvdyx^v^ 
 
 £Lza j3agsLat 
 Els dXXiiXas i^LmitTovaai gijyvvvTat xal ttoctoc- 
 
 yovoLv. 
 2rPE^nA/JH:s. 
 *^0 5' dvayxd^cov eotI Tig avjds, ov/ b Zevs, SdTS 
 
 cpigsad^ai ; 
 
 ZSIKPATH^. 
 
 "Hxl(jt\ aAA' ald'sgios dtvos, 
 
 ZTPEHnAzJlI^:. 
 
 zflVOSj TOVTL fl^ iX£?.lj&l^. 380 
 
 ' O Zsvs ovx »r, dk?J dvT^ avTOv Aivos vvvl /3a- 
 
 olXsvcov. 
 'Axdg ovdiv no negl tov Ttaxdyov ycal ttJs [Sgov' 
 
32 NE^ E AAI 
 
 2SIkpath:s. 
 Ovx rjxovads fiov ids Nscpikas vSutos fie(jTds on 
 
 "^ EiATiLTtTOv (J as ds dXhjXas Ttaraystv did zijv nv- 
 
 xvoTi^ra ; 
 
 2TPE^^IA/tH2» 
 0£QS TOVTl Ta XQTJ TtLOTevStV ; 
 
 2SLKPATH2. 
 
 ^ And aavTov ^ra os didd^co. 385 
 ^' HBii ^ai.iov Havad^i^vaioig i^nXriod-EU aTr' ha- 
 
 gd^d^T^g 
 Trjv yaOTsga, Tcal xXovog i^aicpvris avTrjv 8uxog 
 
 xogv/i^(j£v y 
 
 2TPE^iIA/lII2. 
 
 Nrj Tov "AnoXXco^ xal deivd noisi y svMs fioi, xa 
 
 TSTdgaxjai 
 XadTteg pgovzrj to ^co^l8lov jiaiaysL xal deivd 
 
 xExgaysv 
 ^Axgeiias ngarov nanitd^ naititd^^ xdjiscT^ iitdysi 
 TtaitajtaTtTtd^^ 390 
 
 XcoTuv x^^^i xoiAidjj pgovia nananaTiTtd^^ coditsg 
 
 ixsivai. 
 
 2SIKPATH2. 
 
 2^xi\pai Tolvvv dno yaOTgidiov tvvvovtovl oTa 
 
 Tisnogdas' 
 Tov 5' dega t6v8^ oVt' dnsgavTov^ ncos ovx slxdi 
 
 ixiya pgovidv, 
 Tavi'' dga xal javofxaT^ dXXijXoiv^ pgovrr] xal 
 
 Tiogdrj, b^uoLCO. 
 
NE0EAAI. 33 
 
 STPE'inA/JHS. 
 
 ^ AXV b xegavvos tto&sv av cpigsTat ^.dfXTtav tzvql^ 
 
 Tovxo 8c8a^ov, 395 
 
 Kal y.aTa(pgvy€t fidXXcov ijadg^ tovs di ^covras 
 
 TtSQLCpXveL ; 
 
 TovTov ydg drj cpavsga? 6 Zsvs irfO^ im tovs ijtt 
 
 ogxovs. 
 ^JSiKPATiiy:. 
 Kal Tim, a [.logs av xal Kgovlcov o'Ccov Tcal pex 
 
 JEiTtsg ^dXXsi TOVS imogxovs, nas ov^l J^liacov^ 
 
 ivsTZgijasv 
 Ov8i KXs6vvi.iov ov8s Gscogov / tcultol acpoSga y 
 
 ELO' STltOgXOL' 400 
 
 ^AXXd Tov avTOv ye vscov (^dXXsL xal 2Jovvlov d- , 
 
 y,gov "Ad'ijviciv 
 Kal ras 8gvs ra? ^eydXas ' tl {.la&av ; ov ydg 87j 
 
 8gvs y' ijiLogxet, 
 
 2TPE^fIA/JH^. 
 
 Ovx 0i8^' aTag sv av Xs/siv cpalvsL, Tt ydg iaTcv 
 
 8rj&^ 6 y.sgavvosy 
 
 2IIKPATU2. 
 
 "Oiav els Tavias duettos ^ijgos f.UT£cogcad^£LS xa- 
 
 Tax),8Lod^jj^ 
 " Ev8oObv avids aansg xvotlv cpvad^ xdneid^ V7t* 
 
 dvdyxris 405 
 
 ^Pij^as avxds l'|« cpsgEiat ao^agos 8td t?^v tiv- 
 
 y.voTijxa^ 
 'TVro TOV goLJ38ov xal tijs gvfiris avTOs iavTov xa- 
 
 Taxaiav, 
 
34 NE0EAAI. 
 
 Nrj z/t', f^yco yovv aTs^vcog auadov tovtl tiots 
 
 /liaaioiOiv. 
 ^'liuxcov yaoziga jotg GvyyeveCLv^ xaz^ ovx aa/coy 
 
 'H 8^ ag* icpvadz^ eiz'' l^alcpviis diakaxijoaoa ngos 
 
 avzco 410 
 
 Taq)d'ak(x6 ^ov ngoosziXi^asv xal xazixavaev to 
 
 ngoacoTCov. 
 
 X0P02. 
 
 ^Sl T'ljs ixs/dkr^s inLd^vfirjaag aocplas^ eovB'gcoTis, 
 
 nag' rifxcov^ 
 'J2s evdaifiov iv 'A&rfvaLOLs xal Totg^JEXXfidL ys- 
 
 Ei f.ivij[xcDV £L xal (pgovzi6Tijs xal zo zaXaiTtcogov 
 
 Bveaziv 
 * Ev zrj ipv^fj, xal [xr} xdfivais fxjj&'' iazcos [xyjze /3a- 
 
 Sc^COV, 415 
 
 3Iyz£ gtycov d/d^si kiav, fxyjz^ dgcozav in id^vfis is ^ 
 Ol'vov t' dne^SL xal yvf-ivaalov xal zcov dXXcov 
 
 dvoijzcov, 
 Kai ^iXzLOzov zovzo vo^i^sls, oneg elxos ds^iov 
 
 dvdga, 
 Ntxav ngdzzcov xal jSovXevav xal zrj yXcozzif no- 
 
 2TPE^IA/IHZ. 
 
 *AXV evexiv ys tpv^^s dzsggds dvaxoXoxolzov zs 
 
 f.l8giflV7JS, 420 
 
 Kal (psidcoXov xal zgvCL^tov yadzgos xal &v^i^ge- 
 
 nidelnvov, 
 
NE0EAAI. 35 
 
 ^A^eXit d^an^ai'^ ovvaxa tovtov iuL^a?^xevetv no,- 
 
 2:Jl K PA Til 2. 
 
 ^' AXXo Ti diji^ ovv vouuLS i\hi d^eov ovoiva nXrjv 
 
 cItisq 1)1.1819, 
 To Xdos TovTL xal xdg NecpiXas xal ti}v TXcoziav^ 
 
 jgia javTL 'j 
 
 2:TPK'4SIAAU2. 
 
 Ov8^ dv diaXs/d^eh^v 7' aTS/vcos zocg d?^XoLS, ovd^ 
 
 dv aTzavTcov 425 
 
 Ovd^ dv Maaifi^, ov8'^ dv onaLOaLi.i\ ovd^ eni&eujv 
 
 Ai^aVOTOV, 
 XOPO^. 
 
 yLiya vvv rifxtv o jt aoi 8qcj{.i£v -d^aQ^av, as ovx 
 
 dzv^rjosLg, 
 ^J-ffxds Tifiav xal &av^d^cov xal ^ijzav Ss^tog etvat. 
 
 ^TPE'4>IAzJn2. 
 
 'SI deoTiotvai, dsoi^iac tolvvv v^iav tovzl ndvv [.a- 
 
 xgov, 
 TSv "^ E,Wi\vciv eTvai fxs Xeysiv ixazov azadioicfiv 
 
 dgtazov. 430 
 
 xopo:^. 
 AW adzai aoi tovzo nag^ r^^av Sgzs z6 Xoitcov 
 
 y dnd zovdl 
 ""Ev T(o hjiico yvauas ovdels vixijoec nXeiovas 1] ov. 
 
 2TPE^nA/lII2. 
 
 Mri ^loi ye Xiyeiv yvcoi.ias [xsydkas • ov ydg zovzcov 
 
 ^ AXX^ 06^ ifiavTCJ azgswodtxfioat xal zovs ygyjoias 
 
 dioXiad-HV, 
 
36 NEfPEAAI, 
 
 X0P02, 
 
 Tev^et Toivvv av l^sigeis* ov ydg ^eydXcov im- 
 
 d'V^lBtS. 435 
 
 'AXXd aeavTov Ttagddos d'uggav rots ti^btbqols 
 
 ngonoXoLdL. 
 
 2TPEnnA/IHS. 
 
 /Igdaco iov&^ v^uv ntOTSvaas' ?) }^dg dvdyycij [a.s 
 
 /lid jovs iTiTtovs Tovs xoTZTtaTtag xal top ydy.ov^ o? 
 
 ,a' eTteigLipav. 
 Nvv ovv ^gyjod^cov o tl povXovTai, 
 ToVTl TO y^ ifiov (7c5^' avzoiOLv 440 
 
 Uage/co tvtitslv, nsLvijv^ bLxpijv^ 
 Avyj-iELV^ giyav^ doxov daigsLv, 
 EiTceg rd yg^oL diacpsv^ovixat^ 
 Tots dv&gcoTtoi? t' stvai do^a 
 Ogaavs, evyXcoTTos^ ToXi^irigos, ltij?^ 445 
 
 J^dsXvgo?^ ipsvSav avyxolXriTTis^ 
 Evgijounri?^ tcegLigifi^a dixav^ 
 Kvg^tg^ xgoiaXov, xcvadog, Tgvfiff, 
 Mdad^Xij?^ etgcov, yXoios^ dXa'Cov^ 
 Kavigcov, fxiagos, CtzgocfLS, dgyaXios, 450 
 
 MajTvoXoiyos. 
 
 TavT^ et f.i£ xaXova^ djiavTcovTss^ 
 zfgavTcov djsyvcos o tl ygjj^ovoiv • 
 ICsL (3ov}.ovTai, 
 
 Nif Tijv /lij^ijjg* eye ^.lov yogSi^v 455 
 
 Toig cpgovTiazats Ttaga&ivrcov, 
 
 X 0P02. 
 
 Aijiia [xiv ndgean rade y^ 
 
NE0EAAI. 37 
 
 Ovx axoX^ov^ ccAA' eTOLi.iov, ^'Io&l 3^ as 
 Tavia i.ia&cov jtag^ ifiov xXios ovgavoi-ajxes 
 ^Ev ^gOTOLGiV i'^sis* 460 
 
 2rPE^fIA/lH2. 
 
 Tl TzecaouaL ; 
 
 xopo^:. 
 Tdv navxa '/govov ^fz' i^ov 
 ZijXcoToxaTOv jStov dv&gaiicov dtd^SLg, 
 
 2TPEWIAzlH2, 
 
 ^^gd ye tovt^ ag^ iya nox^ oipo^at ; 465 
 
 xopo:^. 
 "£2axB ye cov uoXXovs iyzl Tatac d^vgats del xa&ij' 
 
 BovXo^dvovs dvaxoLvova&at. xs xal is loyov lA- 
 
 d^EiV^ 470 
 
 Ugdyiiaxa xdvxLygacpds itoWav xaXdvxov 
 " A^La oij (pgevl (jvi.i^ovXevGoi.iivovs (.uxd oov. 475 
 ^AXk'' iy^eigsL xov ngEO^vxijv 6 xi jieg ^iXXeLs 
 
 ngodcddoxsLv^ 
 KolI dtaxLvst xov vovv avxov, Tcat xrjs yvcomjs 
 
 aTtOTXSLgco, 
 
 2JIKPATHZ. 
 
 "Aye djj^ xdxsLTis fiot ov xov oavxov xgoirov^ 
 
 "/v' avxov £l8cos ogxls iaxl fxr^/avas 
 
 ^' HSff 'zrt xovxoLs ngos oi xacvds ngoacpsgcj. 180 
 
 ^TPEWIAzJfiy:. 
 
 Tl 8s ; xsL^oi.ia/£Lv ^.loi diavoet, Ttgos xav d^stov ,* 
 P 2.n.KPATH:^. 
 
 Ovx, aAAa (Sga^^icc oov nv&iGd^at l3ovloj.ia,t, 
 
 I 
 
38 NE0EAAI, 
 
 El ^Vljf.lOVLx69 sL 
 
 2TPEnnA/iII2. 
 
 Jvo TgoTtco vij Tov /fia' 
 ^Hv (xev y ofpBLhjTai tl (.wl, iiviji^ieov ndw 
 
 y:siKPATH2:. 
 '' EveoTi 8rJTd aot Xiynv iv ir] (pvaety 
 
 :STFEn^IA/}H2. 
 
 Aeyeiv [xsv ovx ave(ji\ dnoaTegetv 5' eve, 
 
 2:SLKPATH2. 
 
 Um ovv dvvrjaet (.lavd-dveiv ^ 
 
 2TPEHnA/}II2. 
 
 :sfLKPArn:s. 
 ^' Aye vvv oTicds, oiav tl TtgolSdXafiat cocpov 
 JJegl Tcov {jLeTSagav, sv&ias vq)agndasi, 490 
 
 j^tpewiaziiij:. 
 Tl dat ^ Tcvvqddv tj^v aocptav aiTijaofxai ; 
 
 2:fL KPA TH2. 
 
 ^'Av&goTtos dfiad-ijg ovzoal y.at jSdg^agos, 
 ^sSoLxd a\ 6 TigsajSvra, (nj nhjycov disL. 
 08g^ i'Sco, TL dgas, ?p tls os tvtztt^ ; 
 
 2TPEWIA/JIJ2. 
 
 Tv7tT0f,iaL, 
 
 KdizsLT^ inLcf^cov oXtyov inLuagTvgo^iaL^ 495 
 
 EiT^ av&ig dxagij dtaXLncov 8Lxd^of.iai. 
 
 2:SLKPAT1I2:. 
 
 *'Id'L VVV, xaTa.&ov \}ol(.idTLov, 
 
 ^TPEWIAJUJ^. 
 
NE0EAAI. 39 
 
 Ovx, aXXd yv^vovg siadvai vout'Cexai, 
 
 ^ AX}? ovyl (pcogdocov eycoy^ staeQ/ouai. 
 
 y:iiKPATH:s. 
 Kaidd^ov ' Tt h^gsLS ; 
 
 JSiTii drj vvv f.iOL jodt' 500 
 "^Hv iTtiueXiqs cb r.al 7Tgo&vi.ias [,iav&dvco, 
 Tcd Tcov ^iad"i\TCiv iuxpegi]? y£V7JG0{.iaL ; 
 
 ^JlKPATTI^. 
 
 Ov8iv 8tOL(j8tg Xaigs(f)avTos TTqv q)V(jLV. 
 :stpevia/Jh:z. 
 
 ssikpatii^:. 
 Ou fi7^ kahj(j€i?^ dXV dzo?.ov&7Ja£Ls ittol 505 
 
 'Avvaa? It devgl d^dxTov. 
 
 2TPEWIAAH2, 
 
 ^Eg TO ystgi vvv 
 ASs fwt i^isXiTOVTiav TtgoTSgov ' cos dedoLy? iyco 
 ElCco /caxajSaLvov coon^g eig Tgocpcovlov. 
 
 2SIK PATHS. 
 
 Xagst * Tt xvTiTd^etg s/cov negl ttjv d^vgav ; 
 
 XOPO2:. 
 ^AXV i'&L yalgov jr^s dvdgeia? 510 
 
 Ovvexa javTijs, 
 EvTvyla yevoLTO xdv- 
 dgcojicp^ OTi Ttgoijy.cov 
 'Eg ^a&v Jijg i^lr/uag, 
 Ascot ego ig tjJv cpvaiv ah- bVo 
 
40 N E0EAAI. 
 
 Tov ngdy^iaaiv ygcoTt'CeTat 
 
 Kal oocpiav inaoxsc, 
 
 '^Sl d^£G}f.i£voL, xaisgS ngos vfias iXsvd'sgco? 
 
 l^dh^&rj, vi] TOV AiovvGov tov ix&ghpavToi fis, 
 
 OvTco viX7J(jati.u t' i/a xal vo^i^oif^iT^v oocpos,, 520 
 
 ^ Jls vi^ids I'lyovfisvog stvat d^saTag ds^tovs 
 
 Kat TavTqv aocpcoTaT'^ ^^X^f''^ twi/ ia^v xoofiadccov^ 
 
 UgaTOvg ti^lcog^ avayivo' v^ads^ ij nagsoxs f-cot 
 
 ^' Egyov nXuoTOv ' sW dvsyagovv vtc^ dvdgav 
 
 (pOgTLXCOV 
 
 ^Htti]&sl5^ ovx d^ios CDV • zai^'T' ovv v^uv ^le^cpo- 
 
 fiai 525 
 
 ToLS GocpoLS, cbv 0VVS7C* iya toci/t' i7TgayiJ,aT£v6[.i'}jv. 
 
 " AXV ov3^ as vixav nod^ ixcov jigodaaa tovs Ss' 
 
 ^tovg, 
 
 ^E^ oTOv ydg iv&dd^ vn^ dvdgSv, oTs 7i8v xal Xs- 
 
 ySLV, 
 
 * O oacpgcDV t£ yco xaTajtv/cov dgiGT^ i^xovadTT^v, 
 Kdyco, Ttag&ivos ydg IV ij, kovx i^ijv mo (.tot 
 
 TSXSLV^ 530 
 
 ''E^l&rfxa, Ttaig 5' higa Tig la^ovo^ dveiksTO, 
 ' Tfistg 3 i^s&gsyjaTS yevvaiog xdnaLdsvoaTS' 
 *Ex TovTov fioL TtLOTd Ttag^ vfXLV yva^iijg IV?^' 
 
 ogxia. 
 Nvv ovv ^ HXexTgav jcax' ixeivr^v jjd^ rf xaf.icp8ca 
 ZijTovd^ ijXd'^ ijv Ttov ^TiiTvyy d'saTaig ovtcj ao- 
 
 (potg' 535 
 
 EvaGSTai ydg, ijvnsg cdr^, TadeXcpov tov ^odTgy- 
 
 yov. 
 Sis Si acacpgcov icfTt cpvGBi axsytaaS'^ ' ijiig ngana 
 
NEfPEAAI. 41 
 
 Ov8iv i)Xd^£ Qaxpaf.dvq (jxvtlvov y.a&sifiivov, 
 "Egv&gov £| oixgov, Ttayv^joT? naLdiOLS tV r) ykXos* 
 Ov8^ eaxcoyjs tovs (paXaxgovs^ ov8i xogday^ eiXxv- 
 
 aev, 540 
 
 Ovdi 7TQ£GpvT7^g 6 Xiyov Tclni] Tfj ^axir^gta 
 Tvmet ToV nag6vT\ dcpavi^cjv novijgd axoui^iaia, 
 Ov8^ Siofj^s 8d8as £/ovo\ ov8^ lov iov jSoa, 
 ^ AW avTjj xal Tolg ejisoiv tilocsvqvo' iXi\Xvd^sv. 
 Kdyco ^liv TOiovTos dvijg cov Ttoii^zijg ov xouco^ 545 
 Oc>8^ vf.ids 'CijTco 'lazraToci/ 8i£ xal rgls lavx^ elad- 
 
 ycov, 
 "^ AXV dsi xaivds ISiag slocpegav aoq)L^oj^iai, 
 Ov8iv dXXtjXaLGLv ofiota? xal Ttdoag Se^idg' 
 '^Os neyiCTOv ovia KXiav^ suaio' elg t7/V yaoxiga, 
 Kovx izoXixyjo^ av&tg i7t€f,i7i7^8rjo^ avza xiL^ii- 
 
 VCO. 550 
 
 OvTOt d\ 6g dna^ 7Tagi8cox£v Xa^iqv "Tnegf^oXog^ 
 TovTOv 8sLXaLov xoXsTgcoG^ del xal Tiqv ^.L^zega. 
 EvjioXig ^Bv TOV Magixdv jigazcazov TiagelXxvaBv 
 ''ExGzgsipag zovg yaezigovg ^ iTcniag xaxog xaxcog^ 
 Ugoad'elg avzco ygavv ^leQ^voiiv zov x6g8axog ov- 
 
 vey\ ijv 555 
 
 0gvvtyog ndXai 7ie7iOLrjy\ tJV to xijzog ija&Lsv. 
 Ei&^ "Eg^UTiTtos av&ig inolijoev dg ''Tnsgl3o?.ov, 
 "AXXoL t' ij8ij Ttdvzsg ig8i8ovoiv slg ^TizegiSo/.ov, 
 Tdg slxovg zSv iyyskscov zdg sadg i.iLLtovf.isvoi, 
 '^'Oazis ovv zovzoLGL /f/a, zoig i(.iOLg ^Liq y^aiga- 
 
 TO ' SCO 
 
 "^Hv 8^ e^iol xal zoiaiv i^olg svcpgaLvrjod^'' evgij- 
 
 fxaaiv^ 
 
 V 
 
42 NE^EAAI. 
 
 Eg jdi oga? tcIs higag sv cpgovalv dox7J<j£TS. 
 
 Zifva Tvgavvov is ^ogov 
 
 ilgaza f-dyav xtzXriOTcco * 505 
 
 Tov Tf f.i£ya(jd'SV7J Tgiaivijs ja^lav^ 
 Pij'; Tf zal dXfivgag d-aXdaaij? dygiov ixo/Xevnjv 
 Kal Lisyakavv^wv i^ihsgov 7TaTEg\ 
 Ald-Ega osi-ivoTaiov, j^Lod-ge^^iova, ndvTcov 570 
 Tov &^ imtovaaav^ og vitsg- 
 Xdi.i7igoLg dxTidiv xais^st 
 Eijg Ttsdov, ^xsyag iv &£Ots 
 "Ev d'vyjTOLOi TS daifiov. 
 
 '^Sl oocpcDTaTOi &EOLTaL, dsvgo TOV vovv Ttgofj/eis. 575 
 ^HdiTci^fisvac ydg v^ilv ixs^cp6u8a&^ ivavTiov 
 UXsLCtTa ydg d^ecov ditdAnav acpsXovaaig rijv tzoXlv, 
 /lai^iovcov ijaZv fiovaig oh Mst^ ovSi auivdexe^ 
 AiTtvig Ti^govfisv v^dg. ^^Hv ydg ff Tig k'^oSog 
 3Ii^d£vt ^vv va, tot"* 7j l3goyiSfi£v i} ipaxd^o^sv. 580 
 Eiza TOV d'EOiOiv £^&g6v (^vgao^e\pijv IlacpXayova 
 ' Hvi)^ j^gelod'e OTgaTyjyov^ Tocg oq^gvg (jvvijyo^isv 
 Kdnoiov^isv dsLvd' [3govT7^ 5' eggdyij dC dojga- 
 
 TCijg' 
 ' H aeXijvrf 5' i^eXsiTie Tdg 68ovg' 6 5' ijXLog 
 Tjjv d^gvccXXid^ slg iavzov sv&icog ^vveX/ivaag 585 
 Ov cpavsLv ecpaaxsv vfdv, si OTgaTi^yijoei KXscov. 
 ^ AXV oficog hX£(j&£ tovtov cpaal ydg dva^ovXiav 
 
 Tfjd£ TJf TC6X£1 7Tgoa£LVat, TaVTCC ^dvTOi Tovg &£ovg 
 "-<^Tt' dv V^UiS £^af.ldgTlJT\ lixl to [SsXtIOV Tg£TC£iV. 
 
 J2g di xal zovto ^vvoloel gadicog dt8d^ou£v, 590 
 
NE0EAAI. 43 
 
 ^Hv Kkiava tov Xagov dagcov ikoviss xal xXoTiij?, 
 
 Eha (pL^coaijTB tovtov tco |JA« tov av/eva, 
 
 Avd'Lg 89 jagyatov vfxtv, 8l tl xd^i^{.idgjSTS, 
 
 ^Enl TO piXiLov TO ngdy^a ttj jtokei ovvoiocTai, 
 
 'AfKfL ftot oci)rf, 001(3' dva^ 595 
 
 /dijXLB^ Kvv&tav sycov 
 
 'TiptxsgaTa nhgav 
 
 " H T^ ^Ecpeoov (xdxaiga ndyy^gvoov eyst? 
 
 Oixov, ev a xogat oa Avdcov i^ieydXcos oe^iovcitv' 600 
 
 "i/r' euiycogiog r^f^iSTega d^eos^ 
 
 AlytSos i^vioyoSj Ttokcovyos ^Ad'dva' 
 
 Uagvaolav i^' og xaTeycov 
 
 IJeTgav ovv navxaig oeXayet 
 
 Ed'/cyats zjsXcpcaiv i^ntgeuav, 605 
 
 Ka^aOTijs Ai6vv6os. 
 
 "Hviy^ yf.iSLS 8evg' dcpog^iidG&at Ttagsdxsvdcifisd'a, 
 
 ' H ^eXtjvij avvTvyovG^ rf^uv IusotclIsv cpgaGai, 
 
 IlgcoTa fiiv yaigetv 'A&j^vaioioc xal tols ^v^i^id- 
 
 yoLS' 
 EiTcx. d-vfiaivsiv £(paax£' Ssivd ydg TtSTtovd^svai^ 6io 
 " SlcphXovo' vfjids aTtavTas., ov XoyoLS, aAA' i^icpa- 
 
 vag, — 
 UgSza fxiv tov ^itjvos £ls SaS^ ovx eXaTTOv ?^ dga- 
 
 ^'flcTS zal Xiysiv duavTas i^iovTa? iojisgas, 
 Mrj Ttgirf^ Ttai, ddd\ ijTEidij cpcos 2J£h]vac7^s za/.ov, 
 "A?J.a t' bv 8gdv cpiiaiv, vfidg S' ovx dyBiv ras 
 
 i^fxig as 615 
 
 GvSiv og&a?^ dXV dvo tb xal xdTo xv8oLdo7Ta.v 
 
 flCT'' dltBllBLV (plJGiV aVTjj TOVS d'BOVS ixdOTOTS 
 
44 NE0EAAI. 
 
 '^ HviyC av ipsva&SctL dslnvov^ Tidntcjatv olxaSs 
 Trj? sogrij? [xij tv^ovtes xaToi "koyov tcov v^iisgcov, 
 Kd&'' ozav d^vEiv bit}^ OTge^kovrs xal dixd^sze' &h 
 UoXkdxL? 8* 7]^tav dyovTcov tSv &£CdV dnaOTiav, 
 ' Hvix^ dv nevd^a^Ev i] toV Me^tvov^ ij ^^agnrf- 
 
 dova, 
 ^Tci^fbed^ vfistg xal yeXdj'' ' dv&^ av Xa^av ' Titeg- 
 
 ^oXos 
 Tyre? isgopnj^ovsiv^ xdnsid'^ vcp^ j^fiSv jSv &eav 
 Tdv oTScpavov dcp-qgi&r^ • ^.taXXov ydg ovicos £l- 
 
 asTac G25 
 
 Kaxd osXijvj^v as dyeiv /gj} tov j3lov ids ri^iegas. 
 
 ^n.KPATII2. 
 
 Md TTJi/ 'AvaTtvojjv, [.id to Xotog, f.id tov ^Aiga, 
 OvK SiSov ovTos dv8g^ dygoixov ovdiva 
 Ov8^ dnogov ov8i oxatov ov8 ijiiXijo^wva' 
 "0(jtl? (jxaXa&vgfxdzL^ drra ^axgd [lav&dvcov, 630 
 Tavx' ImXeXij^Tai nglv fxadetv 61,109 yB f/,ijv 
 AvTov xaXa Mga^s 8£vgL Ttgos to (pcos, 
 JIov 2JTgs\pLd87i? ^ a^sc tov daxavTrfv Xa^av, 
 
 ViAA' ovx icoal ^tt' i^svsyxetv ot xogsis. 
 
 2:ilKPATII^. 
 
 ^Avvaas TL xaTa&ov, xal ngoos^s tov vovv, 
 
 2TPEn^IAJH2, 
 
 'I80V. e:^ 
 
 2IlKPATJi:i. 
 
 Ay£ 87J, TL l^ovXsL TigcdTa vvvl aavd'dvsiv 
 Jlv ovx i8t8d/&7]? TcanoT^ ovSav ; sine fioi, 
 UoTsga nsgl [iSTgcov 7) negl ijtcov 7) gv^^iav ', 
 
NE0 EAAI. 45 
 
 2TPEnnAAH2. 
 
 Uegi tSv fxirgav ^ycoy^' evay^og ydg noxs 
 
 ' Ttz^ aXcpLTa^OL^ov nagexoTnjv dt^oivtxo), C40 
 
 2SIKPATIIZ. 
 
 Ov TOVT^ igcojS (?', aAA' o rt xdX}uOTOv ^drgov 
 " HyiZ' Ttozsgov to rgti^iSTgov 'ij to TSTgdusTgov ^ 
 
 2TPE<mA/lH:S. 
 
 ''Eya [xiv ovBev ngoTsgov tiluexteov. 
 
 2SIKPATII2. 
 
 Ov8sv Xsysis^ « ^vd^gcons. 
 
 2:TPE'4nA/III2. 
 
 IJegcdov vvv ifxoty 
 El ^ij TSTgdf^iSTgov ioTiv yfuexTioi/, 645 
 
 :^iiKPATii:^. 
 \Eg xogaxa?^ a? dygoixos £l xal Svafxa&ijg, 
 Ta^v 5' dv dvvato fxav&dvsiv nsgl gv&^(ov, 
 
 ^TPE^fIAJH2:. 
 
 Tl di ^C cdq)S?^rj(jOvo^ ol gvd^^oi ngog jaA^aa; 
 
 2:fLKPATH2. 
 
 » 
 
 UgcoTOv fiiv BLvat xoixyjov iv ovvovota^ 
 
 ^ ETcatovd^ OTtOLOS ioTi t6v gvO^ixav 650 
 
 KaT^ ivoTtXiov, ^aTiOiog av jfara ddxTvXov, 
 
 2TPE^IA/1H2. 
 
 Kaxd ddxTvXov ; vrj tov JV dW oTS\ 
 
 2SLKPATH2. 
 
 Elnl 87J. 
 
 ZTPEVnAAH:^'. 
 Tig dXXog dvTi tovtovl tov daxTvXov ; 
 Ugo TOV i^fV, IV iuov Ttatdog ovTog, ovtocL 
 
46 NE^PEAAl, 
 
 ^P.KPATIi:^. 
 
 *^/gEL05 it xal Gxaios 
 
 2:tpewia/1ii2. 
 
 Ov ydg^ (olvge^ 655 
 
 TovTov ijtt&vficj iiavd^dvHv ovdiv. 
 2:ji kpa TI12, 
 
 Ti datj 
 
 2TPEWIA/iII2. 
 
 ^ExEiv'' ixSLVO, ToV ddiTcaiaTov Xdyov, 
 
 ZSlKPATJIi:. 
 
 "^ AXV k'rsga det as ngozsga tovtov ^av^dveiv^ 
 Tcdv TSigajiodav ctrr' ioTcv ogd^ag dggsva, 
 
 ^TPEWIA/Ili:i\ 
 
 ""AXV olW eyays Tdggsv\ si ^nj fiatvofxac C6C 
 
 KgiOb^ jgdyos^ Tuvgog^ xvcov, dksxTgvav. 
 2'SIKPATII^. 
 
 'Ogag 6 Ttda^scg ^ jtjv js d'ljksiav xaXstg 
 ^AXexigvova xaid Tavio xal tov dggeva. 
 
 2TPEWIAJH^. 
 
 Ilcog drj ; (pegs, 
 
 ZJIKPATIIZ. 
 
 TLuig ; dXsxTgvcov xdXsxTgvav, 
 
 2TPE'<UIA/1II2. 
 
 Ni] TOV IIoGSida. Nvv ds.Ttcog [.is ^gij xaXstv; CG5 
 
 ^J2 K PA Til 2. 
 
 'AXsxrgvaLvav, roy 5' eiegov dXixjoga, 
 
 AXsxigvaLvav 'y sv ys vi] jov 'Asga' 
 J2(7t' avTL TovTov TOV diSdyfiajog ^.lovov 
 AiaXcpLTuaco GOV xvxX(o T'ijv xdgdoTtov, 
 
N E ^ EAAI, A7 
 
 :in.KPATH2. 
 
 ' ISov i.id?J avdis Tovd^ aiegov Jijv xcigdouov 670 
 "Ag^sva y.a?.ets, d'jjksiav ovoav. 
 
 HTPE^flAJlI^:. 
 
 T(0 TQOTCCO 
 
 "A^qeva y,a}.co ^ya xdgdonov ; 
 
 2SIKPATH2. 
 
 . MdlLOTCL ye^ 
 ' SI OTIS g ye Tcat KXecdvviiov, 
 
 ^TPEWIAJH^. 
 
 lias 8rj', (pgdaov, 
 
 :ISIKPATH2. 
 
 Tavxov dyvazat aot xdgdoTtos Klec3vvf.ia, 
 
 ^TPE^nAJlIZ. 
 
 ^ AW ^ CO '/ctT^', ovd'' 7^v y,dgdo7i09 KXscovvaco^ 675 
 ^ AW Iv d^vela GjgoyyvX'Q 'vs^dnsTO, 
 'Aidg TO XoLnov nm ue %gi} yaXeiv j 
 
 2n.KPATH2. 
 
 "OtTCO? y 
 
 Tiqv yagSoTi^jv, SciTteg yakets rrjv J^cofJigdjyjv. 
 
 2TPEnnA/lH^. 
 
 2P^KPATII2 
 
 "Og&a? ydg Xiysii. 
 ^rPEViA/lH:s. 
 
 ^EtCUVO 5' 7jv dv^ XagSoTTT^j K?.£CDVV^U7^, 630 
 
 2:JIKPATH^. 
 
 "^ Etl 5r] ys TTsgl tcov ovoudzcov ^lad^uv os dsi, 
 ^TT aggev eoztv, ana 8 avjcov ^ijAea, 
 
48 NE0EAAI. 
 
 'AkV old^ ay of a &7Jks^ ioitv, 
 
 2fLKPATIiy:. 
 
 jEiTii drj. 
 
 2TPEWIAJH2. 
 
 AvoiXXa^ ^iXivva^ KXeizayoQa, Ari^iriTgia, 
 
 2SIKPATH2, 
 
 "A^^eva di Jtota xay ovo^cLtcov y 
 2TPEnnA/}ii:s. 
 
 Mvgla ' 685 
 
 ^lXo^svos^ 3IeX7jOLag, 'A^vvtag. 
 2n.KPATii:s. 
 ^AXX\ a Tiovrigi, Tavid /' iai'' ovx clggeva. 
 
 2TPE^nAziii:s 
 OvTc dggsv^ v^ilv iaztv ; 
 
 2JIKpatii:f. 
 
 Ovdaficos y\ tnd 
 Hcos dv xaXioeLas ivzv^Sv ^Afivvtaj 
 
 2TPEnnA/JH:s. 
 "Oitcos civ y aSl, dsvgo 8svg\ ^A^uvvia. 630 
 
 2JIKPATII2:. 
 
 '^ Ogas j yvvaixa Tiqv ^A^-Lvviav xaXsiS. 
 
 :sTPE^nA/Jiis. 
 Ovxo7Jv dixaioogyijiLg oh aigaTevexaL ; 
 "Axdg XL Tavd''^ d ndvxeg i^fisv fxavd'dvco ; 
 
 S^JlKPATJi:^. 
 
 OvSiv f.id Al\ dXXd xaxaxXivalg devgl 
 
 ^TPEWIA/lIIZ. 
 
 I L ogco ; 
 ^SlKPylTTT^. 
 
 JSxcpgovxiaov xi xcov asavxov ngayixdxcov. 695 
 
NKfpEAAI, 49 
 
 Ml] Syd\^ Lxeievcj 0% iv&dd''' aAA' etTtsg 7^ XQ^h 
 Xaiial ^' eaoov avid javz^ ixcpgovzLOai, 
 
 Ovx eaiL Tiagd rai/z' dXka. 
 
 jjv ^ TPE WIAJ H2, 
 
 ICaxoSat^cov iyco^ 
 Oiav Slxtjv tols xogsot daaco Ji^iiegov. 
 
 xopo:^. 
 (J^govTi^s di] xal didd^gsi, ndvia jgojtov rs cav- 
 
 zov 700 
 
 2Jig6peL nv'/ivaaas* 
 Tayvs 8\ ozav et? dnogov Jtear^s, 
 '1^71^ dXXo 7t7Jda 
 N6rff.ia q)gev6s' VTtvos 5' duioTO) yXvxvd'Vfios o^- 
 
 ^dzcov, 705 
 
 2TPE^lA/iH2. 
 
 ^laxxazuX laTTajai, 
 
 X0P02, 
 
 Tl 7td(j/£is ;• Ti xdixvEig ; 707 
 
 ^tpewiaah:^. 
 ^AnoXXv^oLi 8si?.atos' ex rov axl^LTto^os 
 /idxvovai ^' i^sgnovTss ol Kogiv&iot, 710 
 
 Kat rds nXevgdg bagBdmovoLv 
 
 Kal Tjjv xpvyijv ixTllVOVOLV, 
 
 Kal Tovg ogy^ts i^D.xovaiv, 
 
 Kal Tov ngaxxov dLogviTovocv^ 
 
 Kat tt' dnoXovGiv, 7 15 
 
 XOP02. 
 Mij vvv ^agicos aXyEt )uav. 
 5 
 
50 NE^EAAI. 
 
 ^TPEWIAJH2. 
 
 Kal Ttcog ; ore [,iov 
 
 0gov8a id ^grj^ara, cpgovh} XQ^'-^i 
 
 (pgovdii ipv^i]^ ipgov^-q 3'' ifi^ds' 
 
 Kal ngog tovtols en Tolai xaxots 
 
 0govods aScov 
 
 " OXiyov (pgovdos ysyivri^iaL, 
 
 2SIKPATH2. 
 OviOS, TL 7Z01SLS ; OV^t (pgOVTL^SLS j 
 2TPEWIAJII2:, 
 
 r20 
 
 'Ey6; 
 
 Nri Tov IIocfeLdco, 
 
 2JIKPATII2. 
 
 Kal TL djJT^ ecpgovTiOas ; 
 ^Tno xav xdgsav ei fiov tl negiXsKp&ijoeTai, 725 
 
 2SIKPATII2. 
 
 * AtzoXel xdycLCT*, 
 
 2TPE^^iA/Jiiy:. 
 ^AXX\ io '/oti^', diioXcoV dgjio?. 
 
 2J1KPATII2;. 
 
 Ov fjiaXd^axiari^ dXXd TisgtxaXvTiTia, 
 ^E^svgBTeos ydg vovs dTtoaTegijzcxdg 
 Kd7tai6hj^\ 
 
 ^rPEWIAAlI^. 
 
 Oifioi^ TiS dv diJT^ Ini^dXoi 
 *E^ dgvaxidav yvSuj^v dnooTsgi^rgLda ; 730 
 
 2^/2 /cp./7-7/:r. 
 0igs vvv, dd^Qijacj ngutov^ o tl dgd, tovtgvl, 
 OvTos^ y.aOsvutig ; 
 
NE0 EAA I. 51 
 
 2TPEWIAztlf:i. 
 
 3Id Tov 'AnoXXa yco ^dv ov, 
 2;fLKPATIi:S. 
 
 2:TPEVTAJn:s'. 
 ]\Id z/t' ov drJT^ f/^T''? 
 
 2IIKPATH2. 
 
 Ovdiv Ttdvv ; 
 Ovdiv ye nXijv ij to nios Iv jjj de^ia, 
 
 2SIKPATII2. 
 
 Ovx i/xaXvyjdfisvos jayicos tl cpgovTuts ; 73b 
 
 ZTPEW1A/JIT2. 
 
 Ilsgl TOV', ov ydg fiot tqvto (pgdaov, a 2JG)xgaT£S. 
 
 2JIKPATII2\ 
 
 AvTO? TL ^ovXh TigcoTog i^svgcov ?Jys, 
 
 2TPE^fIA/lJI2. 
 
 "Axjjxoa? ^vgidxL? dyco (SovXouaL, 
 Ilsgl TCQv TOKcov^ OTtog dv duodco ^UT^Ssvt. 
 
 2SIKPATTI2. 
 
 "I&L vvv^ xaXvTTTOv xul a/doas tt^i^ cpgovxida 740 
 AsTtTrjv xa.xd f.uxg6v negLcpgovsi zd ngdy^aja^ 
 ^Ogd^m dtaigcov Tcal axonav. 
 
 2TPEHnA/JFi:E. 
 
 Oi^oi rdXas. 
 
 2fLKPATIi:E. 
 
 ^Ey* drgsfia • xdv ditogjjg tl tcov voT^fidrav^ 
 ^Acpslg drtskd'i * xdra xyjv yvcoi^ir^v TtdXiv 
 Ktv7^(jOv avd-tSy avTo xal ^vyad^giaov, 745 
 
52 NE0EAAI. 
 
 2SLKPATH2. 
 
 Tl^ 6 ysgov ; 
 ^'JE^o Toxov yvcof^a^v dTtooTsgrjTLxriv, 
 
 ^SIKPATII^:. 
 
 ^ETttSsi^ov avTTiv. 
 
 2TPEnnAAH2. 
 
 EiuB Srj vvv fiot to8l ' 
 /\>varxa (pagfxaxid^ si Ttgidfisvog OsTiaXfjv 
 Kad^^Xoi^a vvxicog ttjv ceXipnjv^ etia dt} 750 
 
 AvTijv xad-stg^aiix^ i? XocpsLov aigoyyuXov^ 
 ^'Slansg xdjomgov^ xdra zr^goiriv e^cov^ — 
 
 2:fiKPATii:s. 
 Ti drjia TOVT* dv cocpshjctecsv o' ; 
 
 ^TPE^nAAlIS, 
 
 "O Tl'y 
 
 El ^ir/yJi^ dvarsXXot aeXijvij f.i7^da[.iov, 
 Ovx dv dnodohjv rovs roxovg. 
 
 2SIKPATII2. 
 
 * OtLTI Tt h\ y 755 
 2TPEnnAAH^. 
 
 ^Oiiij xard fxijva rdgyvgiov davBi^siaL 
 
 ^SlKPATJi:^. 
 
 Ev y ' dlV STsgov av dot 7Tgoj3aXa tl Ss^lov 
 El col ygdipOLTO TZSVTSrdXavTos tl? 8lx7^^ 
 "Orccdg dv avTTiv dcpavlaeiag sljii fioi. 
 
 S^TPE^FTAAiry. 
 
 "Oucog; onojC : Ovx ol8^ ' dido ^ijiiiieov. 760 
 
NE0 EAAI. 53 
 
 Mi\ vvv TtSQi aavxov elXke tijv ^voj^ufv deij 
 "^ AI.V dno'/dXa Tijv (pgovitd^ is tov dega^ 
 Aivodejov ScfTtsg f.i7^Xo},6vdi^v tov nodos* 
 
 EvQijx' dcpdvKjLv Tjjs Slxj^s aocpcoidiT^v, 
 "J2(7t' avTov o^ioXoyELv o' i^oL 
 
 2SIKPATH2. 
 
 Uoiav Tivdy 765 
 
 2TPE^nAAH2. 
 
 ^ Hhj Tcagd tolch (pagf^iaxonSXais tijv Xl&ov 
 TavTijv iogaxas, Tijv tcuXtJv, zijv diacpavrj, 
 'Acp^ ^s TO nvg aitTovOi ; 
 
 2SLKPATH2. 
 
 TvfV vaXov XeysLs I 
 
 ^TPE^nA/lH2. 
 
 ^Eycoye, 0ig£^ tl 5^t' ay, ft TavTr^v Aa/3«V, 
 'Otzots ygd(p0LT0 Tiqv Scxi^v 6 ygay.^iaTBvs^ 77d 
 
 ^ AitoTega GTag ^de ngos tov ijhov 
 Td ygdiiy.aT'' ixTTJ^ai^t Tij? ii-iijs diXT^s ; 
 
 2:n.KPATii:^. 
 ^ocpcjs ye vi] rag XdgiTas, 
 
 2TPE^fIAAlI2. 
 
 Ol^C cos rjSo^at 
 "Otl mvTSTdXavTOs diaysygaTiTal ^ol 8lxij. 
 
 2SIKPATH2:. 
 
 ^'Ays dy} Ta^scos tovtI ^vvdgnaoov, 
 
 2TPEV1AAH2. 
 
 To Tt; 775 
 5» 
 
54 NE^EAAI. 
 
 Zn.KPATII2. 
 
 "Oitcos aTtoctTQexpais civ avTidixov 8lx7^v^ 
 MiXXav 6(phj(j£Lv (xtJ nagovjcoi' ixagrvgcov, 
 
 2TPEnnA/III2. 
 2fLKPATH2. I 
 
 Elns d-q, 
 
 2TPEWIAJII2. 
 
 Kai dij Xiyco' 
 El TTgod&ev^ stl ixids ivsarcjorfs Stxr^g, 
 Uglv T7^i/ e^riv zaXetdd'^ anay^aifLriv jgi^av. 780 
 
 2SIKPATH2. 
 
 OvSiv Xsyscs, 
 
 2TPEVfIAJli:S. 
 
 JVij Tovs d'sovs £yc)/\ eiZEL 
 OvSels xax' i[xov red^ecoios slctd^sc Slxtjv, 
 
 2 SI K PATH 2. 
 
 'T&ksLS* a7t£gg\ ovoc dv ^iBa^al^i^v o^ eii, 
 
 ZTPEWIAAII2. 
 
 'Otlt^ tI ; Nat ngog tSv &£av, a 2JcoxgaT£s, 
 
 2n.KPATII2. 
 
 ^AXV £v&vg £7iiXi]d'£L av y oI'tt' dv ycal ^dd^^s ' 785 
 ^Ejtel TL vvvl TtgcoTov idLdd^d^r^g ; Af;/f. 
 
 2TPE^flA/iII2. 
 
 0£g^ r^fi), T6 fiivTot ngcoTov i^v ; tl Ttgcorov r^Vy 
 Tig 7^v iv y ^arro^f^a fxivroL TdXcpvia ; 
 Ol'fioL^ Tig iiv ; 
 
 2SIKPATH2* 
 
 OvK ig xogaxag d7to(pB^£g£t, 
 ^ ETCiXria^ioTaTov xal (jxaioiuiov yEgovriov j 790 
 
NE^EAAI, 55 
 
 Ol'aot, Tt ovv drjd-^ 6 xaxodaiucov nuaoaai ; 
 ^ And ydg oXovaai ixrj ^cad^cov /^.oTTOOTQOcpstv, 
 
 X0P02. 
 
 JEl aoL Tig vlos iariv ixTS&gaixfievog^ 795 
 
 IH^LTCEiv ixecvov avxl aavTov ^avd^dvHv, 
 
 ZTPE^nAJiii:. 
 ^ AlV eoz^ sfxoty vlog xaXog re xd/a&og' 
 '-^AA' ovx i&i?,eL ydg fiav&dvetv, tl eyco nd.d^oi ; 
 
 XOPO:^. 
 
 2v 5' i7tlTgS7t€tS y 
 
 2TPEVfIA/lH2. 
 
 Evaco^LajBi ydg xal acpgiya^ 
 KdcT* ix yvvaixav evTtTegcov tSv Koiavgas* 800 
 "Azdg [xsTeLut /' aviov ijv 8i ^iij d-eXxf^ 
 Ovx £6&* oncos ovx i^sX^ 'x Tij? oixtag. 
 ^ AW InavdiiHvov ^i' oXtyov elaaXd-Sv ygovov, 
 
 XOPO^. 
 
 'Ag* alad'dvei nXstora dt* rffjidg dyd&* avxi^ £- 
 
 |g31/ 805 
 
 JMovag &8av ; ^J2g 
 
 "Eioiuog bd' IcTiv dnavTOL dgdv 
 
 "Oo^ dv xsXsvr^g. 
 
 JSv 5' dv^gog ixnsTTXr^yi^dvov xat (pavsgag inr^g' 
 
 f.iivov 810 
 
 Fvovg dTtoXdyjei?, 6 tl nXsTajov dvvaaai^ 
 ^•vyjfjig ' cpiXel ydg ncog rd lotavd'^ iiiga rgi* 
 
 71 sad a I. 
 
56 
 
 NE0EAAI. 
 
 OvTOi f.id Trjv ' Ofjii/Xriv IV iviav&l (.isvets • 
 ^AXV lod^C iXd^av tovs Meyaxlkovs Tctova?, 815 
 fPEi/linnizJii^. 
 
 OvTc ev cpQOvus i-id tov Aia tov ' OXvfiTttov, 
 
 2TPEVIA/1H2. 
 
 "ISov y idov AP 'OXvfiTtLov Tjjg fxcogtas' 
 To Ala voy/i^ELv^ ovra TJ^hxoviovL, 
 
 ^>Ei/iinniJiiy:. 
 Ti 8i Tovj' iyeXaaas irsov ; 
 
 2TPEnfIA/lIIS. 
 
 ^ Ev&VfXOVfXSVOS 820 
 
 °Otl TtaiSdgiov et xal cpgovsig dgya'ixd, 
 ^'Ofxas ys ^iijv ■n:g6aeXd'\ iV d^fjg nXsiova^ 
 Kai aot cpgdaco ngdyiiH o ov fia&cov dvijg east, 
 "Ojtcos Si TOVTO [.11^ didd^r^s i^iT^dsva. 
 <z> ET/Iinni/J H2. 
 
 "Idov* TL eCTLV y 
 
 ^TPEWIAJli:^. 
 
 ^'J2fj,o(jas vvvl /dia, 
 fiiEiJinniJHi:, 
 
 ^' Eycoy*, 
 
 2TPE^fTA/lH2. 
 
 ''Ogas ovv as dyad-ov xo [.lavddvsiv^ 
 Ovx ectiiv, 6 0£L8L7t7iL87f, Zsvs. 
 0Ei/iinni/iHZ. 
 
 ""AlXd Its ; 
 :ETPE^fiA/iiij:. 
 ^ivos ^aaiXsvei^ tov AV i^e?^7iXax6s. 
 
 825 
 
I 
 
 NE<^EAAI, f)? 
 
 *i>EiA inniA 112. 
 Al^OL, XL XriQELS ; 
 
 "lad'L TOV&^ OVTCOS S^OV, 
 
 f^EiAinniAH2. 
 Tis cprfcfL Tai/ra ; 
 
 2:tpe^^iaJh2^. 
 
 2JcoxgoiT7j? 6 MtJXios 830 
 
 Kal Xaigs(pcov, os otde rd xpvX?.cov i'^vrj. 
 
 ^EiAinniJH2. 
 2v 5' Eis to(jovto tcov f^iavLcov ikijkv&as 
 "Slax* dvdgdacv Ttei&SL y^oXaaiv ; 
 
 2TPEWIAJH2. 
 
 Kal fii^Sev sltti^s cpXavgov dvdgas ds^tovs 
 
 Kal vovv syovza? * av vtto jrjs cpstdcoXias 835 
 
 ^ ATCsxeigaT'' ovdals ttotiot' ov8^ ifXecipaTO 
 
 Ov8^ SIS ^aXavsLOv ijXd'E Xovaousvog * av 8s 
 
 ''Slaueg Te&veaTos xazaXoet fxov rov [5tov, 
 
 "AXV as idxiax'^ ikd'cov vnig ifxov fxdv&avs. 
 
 (VEiAinni/iiis. 
 Tl 8^ av Ttag^ ixsivcov xal ixdd^ot ygridiov tis civ; 840 
 
 ^TPEWIAJTi:^. 
 
 ^'AXijd'ssj oaavtsg sai^ iv dv&gaTtots oocpd' 
 rvaaei 8i aavTov as dfiad'rjs si Tcal 7ra;^i/'?. 
 "AXX^ suavdiisivov ^' okiyov svzav&l ygovov, 
 
 fPET/iinnizlH2. 
 Oifioi, Tt Sgdaa nagacpgovovvTos tov nazgos ; 
 Uozsgov nagavolas avzov sl(jayayav sXco, 845 
 
 ^/f zoLS cogoTtriyois zjjv uaviav avzov cpgdcfco ; 
 
58 NE0E AAI. 
 
 0ig^ tdo, ov TOVTov xiva vo^i'CsLg j due fioc. 
 
 0El/t TIiniA 112. 
 
 'AXsxTQvova. 
 
 2TPE^nA/lH2. 
 
 KaXag ys, Tavrr^vl 8i tl ^ 
 
 ' .» 
 
 AXSXTQVQV 
 
 2TPEn;iAJH2i 
 
 ^' A^(pco lavTo j xaraysXaoros sL 
 Mri vvv TO Xomov., aXXd rijvds fiiv xaXsLv 850 
 
 '"AkexrgvaLvav, tovtovl 8^ dXsxzoga, 
 
 0Ei/linni/Jii2. 
 "^AleycTgvaivav ; Tavi^ ei^ia&es rd ds^id 
 EYaco nagsXd-cov dgri nagd tovs yi^ysveZg ; 
 
 2TPE^^IA/lHy:. 
 
 Xdzsgd ys noXV' a/A' o Ji i^id&oL^i' ixdorocs, 
 ^ EnsXav&avo^i^v dv svd^vg vno TtXij&ovg hcov, 855 
 
 fl>EI/liniIlATT2. 
 
 Aid Tai/Tot 8?^ xal ^olfiaTLov dTtaXeaas j 
 
 2tpewia/Ih:s, 
 ^AXV ovx dnoXaXsx' dkXd xaTanscpgovTtxa. 
 
 ^^EiAinniAHS. 
 Tds 5' i^t^d8as not Tergocpa?^ 6 ^vot^ts cv ; 
 
 2TPEnfIAAlI2. 
 
 "Jlajisg UsgixXh^g sis to 88ov dnloXtda, 
 
 ""AW I'l^t, l3d8L^\ Lco^isv sha tS najgl 860 
 
 HsL&ofisvos i^dfxagrs' xdyS''TOL ttots 
 
 Ol8^ i^irsi dot jgavXicjavTi ni&oi.tsvos, 
 
 '^Op TcgSiov oftoXov eXafiov '^HXtacfTLXov, 
 
NEilyRAAI, 59 
 
 Toviov ^jiQid^iiiv COL AiaoiOis df^ia^Lda. 
 fi> E I J Til n I J 112. 
 
 H ^IjV OV TOVTOLS T(0 ^QOVCO TTOt' d^&iOEL, 865 
 
 2TPE^fIAJlI2. 
 
 Ev y OIL ijtstad^i^g. z/evqo 8£vq\ 6 2^o)xgaTeSy 
 ^' E^bXxF • dyco ydg ool tov vlov tovtovi, 
 ^'A'/covi^ dvaneiaas. 
 
 2SIKPATH2. 
 
 JVi^TivTLos ydg I(7t' IVf, 
 Kal Tav Tcgs^ad'gcov ov igl^cov tcov ivd^dde, 
 
 0ETJinniJH2. 
 AvTos jgl^cov ehjg aV, u xgeuaio ys. 870 
 
 2TPEnnA/JII2. 
 
 Ov'A is xogaxas ; xaraga ov t« dtdaa^cd^^a^ 
 
 2J2KPATII2. 
 
 'Idov y,gl^iai\ 6g -qXid^iov iffd^iy^azo 
 
 Kal TOLOt ^eiXeoiv diSQ^v^jxoOLv. 
 
 Ucos dv i^id&OL Tiod^ ovTos dnocpav^iv dlzris 
 
 ^H y.XijoLv -q ^avvcoaiv dvajtSLGTijgiav ; 875 
 
 KaiJOL xaXdvTGv tovt^ ij-Lad^tv ^TnigfioXos. 
 
 2TPE^!IAJH2. 
 
 \4f.i£Xet^ dlSaaxs' d^v^jiooocpos ioiLv (pvost* 
 
 Ev&vs ye TOV TtatddgLOv ov tvvvovtovI 
 
 ^' EnXaTTEv svdov otxtas vavs t' iyXvcpsv^ 
 
 ^ A^a^ldas le axvTivag slgyd^ezo, 880 
 
 Kdx TCOV OLdicov j3aTgd/ovs eTiotsc ticos Soxets. 
 
 "Ottcos 5' ixsivco Tco Xoym ^ad^qasTai^ 
 
 Tov XQHTT0V\ OCfTL? ICTLj Xal TOV {jlTOVa, 
 
 ''O? Tadixa ?Jycov dvaigsTtsi top xgeiTTOva' 
 ^Edv 8s y.jj. TOV yovv ddcxov ndo'Q ts^vt^. 885 
 
GO NE0EAAI. 
 
 2fLKPATH2. 
 
 AvTos ^a&rjcfSTai nag' aviotv tolv Xoyoiv, 
 
 "Eya 5' d7t£ao[.iaL* tovto yovv {X£{jiv7fa\ oitas 
 IJgos navxa rd dixat' avTiXeyeiv SwijosTai, 
 
 /IIKAI02. 
 
 Xcagsi Ssvgi, Set^ov cfavrov 
 
 TolOL d^saiaig, xaiJtsg &gaavg av. 890 
 
 AJiKO:^. 
 "/i^' OTtoi ^grj^SLg, UoXv ydg iidXXov a* 
 'Ev TOLS tzoXXolol leycov djtoXco, 
 
 AIKAIOZ, 
 
 ^AnoXetg av ; tls cov ; 
 
 AAIK02, 
 
 Aoyo?. 
 
 JIKAI02. 
 AAIK02. 
 
 *AXXd as vLxS, toV ifiov TegsiTic) 
 0daxovT^ Bivai. 
 
 AIKAIOIS. 
 
 Tl aocpov Ttotav ; 895 
 
 AJTK02, 
 
 EvcDnas xatvds i^syglaxav. 
 
 /I1KAI02. 
 
 Tavja ydg dvd-Ei Bid tovtovcI 
 Tovs dvorjjovg, 
 
 A/tlKOS. 
 
 Ovx^ dXXd cfocpovs. 
 
NE^EAAI. 61 
 
 AJIK02, 
 
 Elits, Tt Ttotcov ; 
 
 JIKAI02. 
 
 Td dcxata Xsycov, 900 
 
 A/1IK02. 
 
 AW dvajgiipco ^yavT* avzLliycov 
 Ov8i ydg stvai ndvv cprji^d dtxriv, 
 
 AIKAI02. 
 
 Ovx SLvat q)j{s ; 
 
 AAIKO:S. 
 
 0Egs ydg^ 710V ^axiv ; 
 
 /JIKAI02, 
 
 Hagd TOLdc d^sots, 
 
 AAIKO:^. 
 
 Ha? Sijra dlxrfs ovij-q? 6 Zsvs 
 
 Ovx dnoXaXev tov naxig^ avTOv 90B 
 
 /fracas } 
 
 JIKAIO^. 
 
 Ai^oT^ TovTi xal 8tJ 
 XcogsL TO y.axov 86t£ fiot Xsxdvriv, 
 
 A/JIKOS. 
 
 Tvcpoyigcov sT Tcdvdguoaros. 
 
 AIKAI02, 
 
 Kaxanvycov el Tidvaict^vvros^ 
 
 AJIKOS, 
 /f IK A 102. 
 
 Kal ^coiioXoyos, 910 
 
 6 
 
62 NE^EAAI. 
 
 AJIK02. 
 
 KglvBdi dxacpavoLS, 
 
 J1KA102. 
 
 Kal TtaTgaXoLOLS* 
 
 AJIK02, 
 
 XgvaS TtdxTov ^' ov ^L/vaaxecs. 
 
 AIKAI02. 
 
 Ov diJTa Ttgo tov /', aAAoc fxoXv^Sa, 
 
 A A IK 02. 
 
 Nvv 3i ys Tcoo^os tovt* iazlv if^oL 
 
 AIKAI02. 
 
 Ogaovs el noXXov, 
 
 AAIK02. 
 
 2Jv 8i y ag^aZos* 915 
 
 AIKAI02. 
 
 Jia 6£ di (poLxav 
 Ov8sLS i&iXsL tSv ^sigaxtcov 
 Kal yvaod'ijijSL nox' "Ad^i^vaiois 
 Ola didddxets rovs dvojjrovs, 
 
 AJIK02. 
 AIKAI02. 
 
 2Jv di y sv ngdzTEis* *20 
 
 KaiTOi TtgoTsgov y iTtTS^sves^ 
 Ti\Xs(pos slvat MvGos cpdayicov^ 
 "Ex nr^gidiov 
 Evafxas zgcoyov navdsXsTELOVs. 
 
 AAIK02, 
 "SI fioi aocplas ij? BixvriadTis, j25 
 
NE0EAAI. 63 
 
 /JIKAI02. 
 
 ^'SluoL fiavias lijs (jrjs, nokeas d'^ 
 "Htl? ae TgicpsL 
 Avuaivofievov xols fieigaycioLs. 
 
 AJIKO^. 
 
 Ov^L didd^8is TOVTOV Kgovos Sv. 
 
 ft JIKAIOS^ 
 
 EiTtsg y* avTOv acod-rivai ^gf} • 830 
 
 Kal iiri XaXidv ^ovov dax7J(jai. 
 
 A/IIK02. 
 
 Jsvg^ L&t, TOVTOV 5' sa ixaivead'ai, 
 
 JIKAIO^. 
 XOPOS. 
 
 IIo.v6a(iQ^B. [idx'yi'i ^colI Xoi^ogias. 
 
 ^ AXV inidsL^at 936 
 
 p J^v T£ Tovs ngoTsgovs otTr' idLdaaxss, 
 
 2Jv TS TT^v xacvrjv 
 K Uatdsvaiv, onas dv dy.ovca? a(pav 
 
 'AvTiXsyovTOLv xgivas cpoLxd, 
 
 JIKAI02', 
 
 Jgdv Tavi' id'iko), 
 
 A/IIK02. 
 XOPOS. 
 
 0ig£ Srj Ttoxegos Xi^ei ngoTsgos ; 940 
 
 AZJIK02:. 
 
 TovTco dacfo' 
 
 Ka,T* ix TOVTOV av dv Xi^r^ 
 ■ 'Pr^fxaTLOintv xaivots avTOV 
 
64 ]^E0EAAI, 
 
 Kal dLavoiais Tcajaxo^svcjo, 
 
 To TsXsvraiov S\ ijv dva^gv^r^, 945 
 
 To TtgoocoTtov anav xal TcocpOaXfico 
 
 KsvTov^evos clanzg vt€ dvd'grivcov 
 
 'Ttzo jav yvco^av dTtoXBlxai, 
 
 X0P02. 
 NvV dsi^STOV TCO TtLdVVO TOiS TtSgids^LOKjl 940 
 
 ufioyoiai xal (pgovjiai xal yvcof.iOTV7Totg ^sgi^ivaLs^ 
 ^ OuoTsgos avTOLV }.iycov d^tivov q)av?j(j£Tai. 
 Nvv ydg duag ivd^dds tclvSvvos dvsLzai aocpias, 955 
 ^Hs Ttigt cois ifxois (piXoig editv dycov fiiyLOTOs, 
 ^AXV w TroAAots tow? Ttgeo^vrsgovs rj&ecfL ^gT^aTott; 
 
 aiecpav CD a as >, 
 ^Pii^ov (fcovTjv yrivi yaigsLs^ Tcal ttJv aavTov cpvciv 
 
 sins, 960 
 
 /flKAIO^. 
 
 As^o Totvvv Ttjv dg^aiav naidstav, as Slsxsito, 
 ^'Ox' sya Ttt dixaia Xsyov ijvd'ovv xal acocpgoavvrj 
 
 VSVOfiLOTO, 
 
 UgSzov [JLSV s8si 7tai86s (povrjv ygv^avxos [Jii^dsv^ 
 
 dxovaai* 
 Eha fiadi^siv sv Tatatv 6 dots svidxTcos sis xid'a- 
 
 giarov 
 Tovs xopfias yv^Lvovs d&goovs^ xsl xgifiv68rf xa- 
 
 ravicpot. 965 
 
 ETt^ av Ttgo^ad'SLV aa^^ idiSa^xsv, tco fii^gco fii} 
 
 ^vve/ovxaSj 
 ' H " IJaXXdda nsgasTTohv dsivaVf^^ i) " TyXiitO' 
 
 gov Tt j36a^ua,^^ 
 
NEfPEAAl. 65 
 
 EvTBLvaiiivovs z-qv dgi^ioviav, rjy ol Ttaiigss ttcc- 
 
 gsdaxav. 
 El 8i Tts avTcov ^co^.toXoyevaaiT' i) y^afxipeLsv tlvu 
 
 Otas OL vvv jds zard 0qvvlv zavxas ids dvaxo- 
 
 Xoycdiimovs^ 971 
 
 ^ Enexgi^ETO tvtito^svos noXXds as rag Movoas 
 
 dcpavi^cjv, 
 "Ev TcaLBoTgi^ov di za&L^ovras tov ^rjgov edet 
 
 TtgolSaXiod-aL 
 Tovs Ttatdas, onco? lotg e^cod-ev [X7j8iv dsi^eiav 
 
 dmp'is ' 
 Elt* av ndXLv avd'is dvLaza^evovg aiffiipijaat, xal 
 
 ngovosLod^ac 975 
 
 ElBoXov ToldLv igaCTOLLOLv t?J? ii^ris fxrj xuTaXei- 
 
 7ZSLV, 
 
 "* HksLxpaTO 8^ dv jov^cpaXov ovdels nats vnivsg- 
 
 irav TOT av coots 
 Tolg aldoLOLdt dgoaos Tcal yvovs aoneg ^jjXoLOtv 
 
 ijtljv&SL' 
 
 Ov8^ av fiaXaxrjv (pvgaod^Bvos Trfv (pcovrjv ngos 
 
 TOV igaOT-qv 
 AvTos iavTOV ngoaycoyevcov tols ocp&aXfiotg l^d- 
 
 Sl^SV, 9S0 
 
 Ovd' dv iXiad'at Ssltivovvt^ i^^v xecpdXaLov ttjs 
 
 gacpavlBos, 
 Ov8^ dv dvi^d'ov TOV TrgeojBvzigcov dgjtd^SLv ov8s 
 
 osXlvov, 
 Ov8^ oipocpayeLv, ov8i xLyXc^sLv, ov8^ lo^slv tco 
 
 7i68^ ivaXXd^, 
 6* 
 
66 NE0EAAI. 
 
 AJIKOS. 
 
 ixsara, 
 Kal K}jxsl8ov xal Bovcpoviov. 
 
 /1IKAI02. 
 
 ^AXV ovv tcciJt' loTiv ixsLva, 985 
 '^1 av avdgas Magad'covofid/as t^ '/tt?^ 7taLdev(jt<; 
 
 e&gsipsv, 
 2^v 8i Tovs vvv sv&vs iv tixaiioLS TtgodLddaxsis 
 
 oig 8iov avTOvg^ 
 Tijv dajiida t^s xaXijs 7tgoi/cov dixsXjj r^s Tgi- 
 
 Toysvetijg, 
 Ilgos xavi', 6 ^ngdxLov, d^aggSv ifii tov xgsiTTO 
 
 ko/ov algov* 990 
 
 KdnidTrjcieL fiiauv dyogdv xal ^aXavsLov dni- 
 
 Kal TOiS ald^goLS ata^vvscid'ai, Tcdv (jxajirrf tl? 
 
 tff, (pXkyaad'aL' 
 Kal Tav d'dxcov rots ngea^vTigois VTtaviaxaad'ai 
 
 7tgo(jtov(jcv, 
 Kal [.17^ Ttsgl TOVS aavxov yoveas oxaiovgystv, 
 
 dXXo Tf fxr^div 
 Alc^gov TtOLSLV, on zrjg Aldovs fxiXXsLs zct/aA^' 
 
 dvajiXdrreLv • 995 
 
 J\Ii^8^ sis 6gxrf(iTgi8os elodiTSLv, iVa fxrj ngos lavia 
 
 xs^r^vcos, 
 MijXa ^Xr^d'els vno 7togvL8Lov, rijs evxXscas dno- 
 
 d'gava&jjs' 
 
NE^EAAI. 67 
 
 Mrib^ dvTSiTtetv tw najgl fj.i]dsv, fir^d^ ^laTZSTov 
 MvT^(jixaxrj(jat tt^V r]Xixiav, i§ tJ? iveoTTorgocpij- 
 
 f ^ .>«/ A/1IK02. 
 
 El ravr', o ixsigdxLov, Ttetaet tovtco, vt^ top Jlo- 
 
 VVCOV 1000 
 
 ToLS ' iTtTioxgdrovs vliaiv el'^sis, xai os xakovat 
 
 I .AXV ovv Xmagos ys xal Evavd^ris iv yv^vaaiois 
 I dLaTgtipeLg, 
 
 Ov aT(0[xvkXcov xard tt^V dyogdv Tgipo?^sxTgd7t8k\ 
 
 olditsg OL vvv, 
 
 Ov8^ iXxoixevos nsgl ngay^iaTiov yXLa^^gavTiXoyS' 
 
 ^STlLTgLTtZOV • 
 
 ^AW els ^Axadri^eLav xutlodv vno jals [.logiais 
 
 Vj. djiod^gs^ei 1005 
 
 2JT£(pavo(jd^evos xaXd^cp Xsvxfo [xaid aacpgovos 
 
 '^XCXLOTOV, 
 
 Mlkaxos o^av xal dnga/fxoavvris xal kevxris cpvl^ 
 
 Xo^oXovoTi?^ 
 ^Hgos iv Sga ^atgcov, oTtorav nXdiavos 7tTS?Ja 
 
 tiptd'vgL^^. 
 iHv TOiVTa Tioiys dya (pgd^co, ^^^ 
 
 Kal ngos tovtols Ttgoaixjf? tov vovv, lOlO 
 
 "E^eig del ciTrj&os Xivtagov, 
 y Xgoidv Xevxijv^ Sfxovs fxeydXovg, 
 rXazTav jSaidv, nvyijv ^leydXriv^ 
 Hoad'if^ (xixgdv. 
 
68 NE^h^xAI, 
 
 '^Hv 5' dnsg ol vvv ijtLiridsvrfs, 1015 
 
 llgcora ^dv 8§£is ^^goidv co/gdv^ 
 
 "Jl^iovg fuxgovs^ azrj&os Xstttov, 
 
 Flcoziav ^eydXriv^ nv/yjv (.uxgdv^ 
 
 KcoXijv [xsydhiv, ipjj(pi(Jixa [xaxgov, 
 
 Kal a' dvaTtsiOH 
 
 To (.liv ala/gov dnav xakov Tiyuad^ai^ i02ft 
 
 To TiaXov 3'' alaygov 
 
 Kal Tigog tovtols Ttjs ^ AvTi^dyov 
 
 KaTanvyoovvijg dvaTcXTJost. 
 
 X0P02. 
 
 "'SI xaXXiuvgyov aocpiav TcXELvoTdzriv ijta^xcov, 1024 
 ""JZg T^8v aov tolol Xoyois adtcpgov STtsanv dv&os. 
 Evdalixovis 5' i)oav dg' oi 'Ccovts? tot' iitt AA/Ur 
 Tcov ngoTegcov. Ilgos ovv Tdd\ cb xofiipoTtgsTtij 
 
 ixovdav s/cov, 1030- 
 
 j^£L (j£ Xeystv TV Tcuivoy, as sydoxtfir^xsv dvjjg, 
 Aeivcov 8i aoL j3ovXsv^dTcov aoixs duv ngos avrov, 
 E'iTCsg Tov dvdg^ viteg^aXsi Tcal [X'ij yeXcoT'^ 6q)Ki\- 
 
 (jUS. 1035 
 
 Kal [xijv TtdXat y invtyoinjv rd (j7tXdy/va, xdne- 
 
 d^v^ovv 
 " Anavxa twi/t' ivavjiais yva^aioi avvragd^ai, 
 ^Eyco ydg tjttcov [xiv Xoyos dt^ avjo tovt' ixhj&i^v 
 ^Ev TOiOL (pgovTC(jTai6iv, on TtgaTiOTos eTtevoijca 
 Kal TOLS vdiJLOis xal rats dixais zdvaviV dvTiXi' 
 
 ^at. ' 1040 
 
 Kal TOVTO nXeiv i] ^wglcov IW d^tov aia^rrigav, 
 Algov^evov tovs rJTTovas Xoyovs eneiia vtxdv. 
 
NE^PEAAI. 69 
 
 2JxEipaL ds Tiqv jiatdevatv ^ TtSTtoid'Sv as Ddy^co^ — 
 ^'OcTLs ae d^eg^o cpiiot Xova&at itgazov ovx idoeiv. 
 KaiTOi TLva yva^tiv e/av iptyEig zd d^eg^d Xov- 
 
 Tgd ; 1045 
 
 'Ozu] xdxtazov iazL xal dsiXov noul tov dv8ga. 
 
 AJIK02, 
 
 'JE7Ti(j/£S ' evMs ydg os ^iaov s^o Xa^cov drpvxzov. 
 Kai ^LOi cpgdaov, zav zov Jios nai^av ziv^ dvBg^ 
 
 dgiCzov 
 ^v^ijv voi^u^sis, H7ti^ xal nkslazovs novovs novij- 
 
 cat', 
 
 /iIKAI02. 
 
 ''Eyco [xiv ovdiv^ ^ HgaycXeovs ^eXziov^ dv8ga xgt- 
 
 VCO, 1050 
 
 JJov ipv/gd Brjza najtoz'' sides '^ HgdxXsLa Xovzgd', 
 Kalzoi zis dvdgeLozsgos riv j 
 
 ^IKAIOZ. 
 
 Tavz^ iozL, zavz^ ixsiva^ 
 "A zav vsavLGixov dsl dt^ i^fxigas XaXovvzcov 
 nXrigss TO ^aXaveiov tzolsl^ xevds di zds naXal' 
 
 czgas, 
 w A/iiKoy;. 
 
 Eiz^ iv dyogd zriv diazgtl3ijv ipiysis* iyco 5' iTtat- 
 
 VCO, 1055 
 
 Ec ydg novqgov f^v^ ''O^ijjgos ovSenoz^ dv enoLsi 
 Tov Niazog^ dyogi^zi^v dv ovdi zovs 6ocpovs d- 
 
 navzas. 
 ^AvsL^a ^?/t' ivTSVxhv sis zr^v yXcozzav^ ijv oSl ah' 
 
70 NE0EAAI, 
 
 Ov (pij6L ^gijvai tovs viovs dcocstv, iya di (f^yl. 
 Kal ococpgovuv av cpT^ol ygr^vat • 8vo xaycco tic- 
 
 'EttsI dv Sid TO acocpgovsLV tw jioTtox^ siSsg ijdi^ 
 ^Aya&ov TL yavoi^ievov, cpgdoov, ycat ^' ^^eXey^ov 
 
 aiTiav. 
 
 JIKAI0 2' 
 
 IloXXots. ^O yovv IlrjXsvs eXa^s Sid rovzo jijv 
 
 ^dyaigav, 
 
 A/1IK02. 
 
 Mdyacgav ; dajBtov ys xsgdos eXa^Ev 6 xaxodai- 
 
 'Tnig^okos 5' ovx tcov Xv^vop tiXslv jj xdXavxa 
 
 noXXd 1065 
 
 Eth^cpE did novi^giav, aAA' ov ^d ^P ov ixd/ai- 
 
 guv. 
 
 /IIKAI0 2. 
 
 Kal T'qv OsTLv y eyr^fis did to Ccocpgovelv 6 IJij- 
 
 Xevs* 
 
 AJIKOS. 
 
 Kdj' dTtoXntovad y"* avxov Syst^ * ov ydg ijv v^gi' 
 
 OvB^ riSvg iv tols cjga^iadLv tt^v vvTCTd navvv^L' 
 
 Ielv 
 Fvvri 8i 6Lva^agov^iiv7^ yaigsc av 5' sc xgovin- 
 
 Ttog. 1070 
 
 2JxiipaL ydg^ « fisigaxiov, iv tc5 cfco(pgovELv dnav- 
 
 za 
 "A VftfTtv, rjSovcov \h^ odcov i^ieXXsls dnoOTEgETod'ai^ 
 Uaidcov^ yvvaixSv, y.OTjd^av^ oxpcov, noTov^ xaya- 
 
 cuav. 
 
NE0EAAI. 71 
 
 KaijOL TL 001 ^rjv a^iov, tovxcov idv ajEgi^drjs; 
 Ehv, ndgBL^^ ivTSvd^ev is jus zijs (fvoscog dvdy- 
 
 xas, 1075 
 
 ^H^iagTSS, rigdcd^ri?^ ifxoL^svdds ri, yAj^ ihjcpdi^g* 
 ^'AuoXcoXas * ddvvazos ydg sl Xiyeiv, ^E^ol 5' 
 
 Xga rrj cpvdsi, ct'/cigia, yika, v6[j,i^e [XT^div alo^gov. 
 Mor/os ydg iqv Tvyjig dXovs, xdS' dvTegstg ngog 
 
 *J2s ovdev 7j8tx7jxas • stz' ets tov z/t' inavevsy- 
 
 7CSLV, .1060 
 
 KdyiELVOS 6s tjttcdv sgcojos iozL xal yvvaixcov 
 
 KULTOL OV d^VJJTOS CJV d^BOV 71CJS fLUL^OV dv dvVUtO / 
 
 Ti 5' 7^1/ gaq)av id cod^jj 7tLd'6[X£v6s col zecpga t£ tla- 
 ^'E^BL TLva yv^ixT^v XsyBiv, to ^?^ BvgvngoxTos £i- 
 
 AJIK02. 
 
 "^Hv 5' BvgvngcoxTos y, ti TtBLOBiai xaxdv ^ 1085 
 
 i JIKAI02. 
 
 Ti [XBV OVV dv BTL fXBL^OV 7ld&0L TOVTOV TtOTB y 
 ^ AJIK02. 
 
 Tl SiJT^ igBLS^ rjv tovto vl>c)^&jJs i^ov ; 
 
 zliKAio:^, 
 2^Ly7i(jojuac, Ti 8^ dkko ^ 
 
 AJIKOS, 
 
 0ig£ 87J fxoi (pgdoov 
 21vvriyogovaiv ix xix'tov ^ 
 
72 NE0 E AAl. 
 
 ^ IK A 10^. 
 
 'i^l svgvTTgaxTOV. 
 
 A/liKo:s. 
 
 Usid'oixaL, 1090 
 
 Tc bat J Tga'yadovd^ iz tcvcov; 
 
 JIKA102:. 
 'jSJ| £vgv7tg6xTcov, 
 
 AJIK02, 
 
 Ev Xi/£is» 
 Jrniriyogov^L 5' btc tlvcov j 
 
 JIKA102;, 
 '-E| evgvTtgaxTov, 
 
 A/IIK02. f 
 
 ^'Eyvoxa? 6s ovSev Xs/sls ; 1096 
 
 Kal Tcov d'saTcov OTTOTsgot 
 
 nXecOVS (jXOTtSL, 
 
 JIKAIOS. *■ 
 
 Kal 87J (jxoTtco, 
 
 AJIK02. 
 
 Tl 8^& og as ; 
 
 JIKA102 
 
 UoXv TtlSLOVaS^ V7] TOVS d'SOVS^ 
 
 Tovs evgvTtgaxTovs' tovtovI 
 
 Eovv oid^ lyco xaxsLvovl iiOO 
 
 Kal Tov xoi^iTJiriv tovtovi, 
 
 AJIK02. 
 Ti diJT^ igsis ; 
 
 J IK A 10 S. 
 
NE^EAAI. 73 
 
 •<> 
 
 llgog Tcov -d^sav di^ad&i fiov 
 
 Ool^idxLov^ as 
 
 ^ E^avzo^oka ugos vfids. 
 
 Ti drjza ; noxsga tovtov dTtd/sa&ai Xa^av 1105 
 BovXsi ToV fioV, ii] dtSdaxcj col Xeyeiv ; 
 
 ^ 2TPEnnAAII2. 
 
 '' /iiBaoxs xuL x6?.a^£, y,at f.i£fiv7jo^ bitcog 
 Ev fjLOL aToi.L&a£Lg avzov, iitl fiiv &dT£ga 
 OicLv dtxtdtoig, Tijv 8'' irsgav avTOv yvd&ov 
 Ztolicooov oiav is toc /.at'Ccj ngdy^aia 11 lO 
 
 ^n.KPATH:s. 
 'Ai^iiXei, y.o^UL tovtov aocpiOTijv os^lov. 
 
 <iiEi/JinniJHz. 
 ^Sl^gov fiiv ovVyOLftai ye^ xal xaxo8aifiova, 
 
 X0P02. 
 
 XagsLTe vvv, Oifiai Si col TavTot, fjLSTaixsXrjasiv. 
 Tovs xgiTas d xsgdavovatv^ rjv ti tovSs tqv yo- 
 
 gov 1115 
 
 'Sl(pBXad* i'/C Tcov dLxalav, [^ovXo^lbo^'' riiuTs (fgd- 
 
 UgcoTa ^iv ydg, ijv vedv j3ov?.7ja&^ iv Sga tovs 
 
 dygovs, 
 u "Tcofisv ngSTOicfLv vfitv, toTcl 8^ dXXois vOTsgov. 
 Eixa TOV xagnov tb xal tccs df.i7ii?.ovs (pv?,d^ousv^ 
 ^'SloTS fjLTJT^ av/^or Ttis^stv ^itJt^ dyav inoi^iPgi- 
 
 av. 1120 
 
 "^Hv 8^ aTif-idar^ tls rifids d'vijTos av ovaas d'sds, 
 UgoaysTo tov vovv, ngos rn^icov oTa iruasjai xa- 
 
 xdi 
 
74 NE^EAAI. 
 
 Aafii3dvcov ovj^ olvov ovz' aXV ovdev ix tov ^cj 
 
 QiOV. 
 
 ' IlvtyJ' av ydg at z' iXdai (SAaoidvao^ at t' d{,i- 
 
 "'AnoxExoxpoviaL • TOtaviais C(pBvS6vai9 naiTpo- 
 
 fav. 1125 
 
 '^Hi^ di nXtv&evovT^ idoi^iev^ vdoi.i£v xal tov xeyovg 
 Tov xsga^ov aviov ^aXd^ais CTgoyyvXaig cvv- 
 
 zgcyjousv, 
 Kdv yaurj uox^ avzos y jcov ^vyrevcov y lav cpi- 
 
 kcov, 
 "Tdoi-iev J7^v vvxra nd^av »W 6'(7«? pov?^7Ja£TaL 
 Kdv iv AlyvTCTco Tvyelv cov ^oXXov y ycgiva.L xa- 
 
 7CC0S. 1130 
 
 ^ TPE ^' I A J 112. 
 
 JfJf^TTT?^, Tsigdg, jgtjy^ fjisid Toci/Tip dsviega^ 
 
 Eid\ yv iyco (.idXiaia naotov y^ugav 
 
 z^iSoLxa Tcal TTScpgLxa ycal jBdsXvTTOfiai, 
 
 Evd^vs fiszd Tavjyv IW svi] rs xat via. 
 
 Ildg ydg Ttg ofiiwo\ olg ocpetXcov jvy/dvco, 1135 
 
 Osig ^lOL ngvTCLVEV djcoXuv f^ii cpyai xd^oXuv, 
 
 ^E^od ^djgC djia xal dixat^ ahovfisvov 
 
 " ' J2 datf-iovis^ TO {.dv tl vvvl fxy Xd^-Qg, 
 
 To 8^ dvaPaXov fiiGi^ to 8- dq)£g^'^ ov qjaatv tzote 
 
 OvTog d7io7,y\psod'\ dlXd AoiSogovat fiia Ji40 
 
 'Jig dSixog si^u, xo.l StxdoGaO^aL cpaal ^lot. 
 
 Nvv ovv 8Lxa'Cso&on^' oltyov ydg fioi ^dlsi^ 
 
 "EiTtEg (Lisfid&yxsv ev XiyEtv 0eL8in7it8yg. 
 
 Tdya 8^ SLOo^at xoyjas to (fgoviiGTi/Qiov. 
 
 IJai, y^L^ Tiai vrat. 
 
NE0EAAI. 75 
 
 2^Tgsiptddyv uaitd^ouai. 1145 
 
 2TPEWIAZJII2;. 
 
 Kdyoyi a'* dXXoi tovtovl tcqcotov kajBi, 
 ^gy ydg ini&avi.Ld'C^Lv tl tov didoMxaXov, 
 Kat f,ioL TOV vlov, £L (.isf.id&i^y.e tov Xoyov 
 ^Ekblvov^ ti(p\ ov dgTLCjg etoijya'yeg, 
 
 2fLKPATII2. 
 
 3l6^dd'rjxsv, 
 
 JEif y\ a naii^aGiXsC ^Ajtaioh^. ii5o 
 
 ^SlKPATII2:. 
 
 "J2(jt^ djiocpvyoig dv rjvTLv^ dv [SovXi^ dixr^v. 
 
 :srPEWiA/jii2:.. 
 Ksl ixdgTvgss nagf^dav, or' idavsL'Coixi^v ; 
 
 2J1KPATII^. 
 
 IIoX?,co ye fxdXXov, y.dv nagu)oi yikioi* 
 
 2TPE^^1AAJIZ. 
 
 lBod<jO[iai Taga Tdv vuigzovov 
 Bodv, '/«, yJAeT^ 6 '/3oAo(7TocTat, 1155 
 
 AvTOi TS y.al TdgyaZa ocal toxol toxcov • 
 Ovdev ydg dv ^is (pXavgov igyd.(jaiO&* etl* 
 OTog ^iiGi TgscpSTac 
 Toiad^ Ivl dcoaaai itcug^ 
 
 .Aa(pr>xEi ykcoTTj] ?id(.i7tcov, 1160 
 
 UgoldoAo? £^6s, acoTiqg S6i.ioig, s/d-gotg /3Aa^7^, 
 ylvaaviag itaTgcocov usyd.Xow xaxav 
 *^0v xdXsdov Tgsycov svdo&&v cog ifxi, 
 
 ^Sl T£y,V0V, d) TtOLl^ l'|fAi9'' OiXCOV, 1165 
 
 *'A'l£ oov 7t aT go g. 
 
76 NE^EAyll, 
 
 2SIKPATHZ. 
 
 (Jo axsLvos avijg. 
 ^J2 (plkos^ CO (fikos, 
 
 HSIKPATHS. 
 2TPE^nAJlIS. 
 
 '1(0 ' ^ 
 
 LCO TSXVOV. 
 
 lov LOV, ^1170 
 
 ''Slg 7J8ofiat aov Ttgaza Tr(v ^goidv i8av. 
 JS'vv fiiv y IdsLV £L TigcoTOv i^agvi^Tixos 
 KavTiXoyLytos^ xal tovzo jovTiL^jagLov 
 ""Ajsy^vm inav&et to "it Xe/sls ov ;" xal Soxuv 
 \A8ixovvT'^ adLxua&aL xal xaxovgyovvi\ oid^ o- 
 
 Tl. 1175 
 
 ^Etil TOV Ttgoaajtov z' icfTiv ^Attlxov ^Xstios. 
 Nvv ovv 071(09 GcoGSis ^', iuu xajtcoXsGa?. 
 
 fPEizlinnizJii^. 
 ^op£L di dl} Tl } 
 
 2TPmnAJlI2. 
 
 Tijv h'vT^v T£ xal viav* 
 
 n>Ei/iinnizJii:s, 
 ^Ev7j ydg ioTi xal via Ttg yfxiga ; 
 
 ^TPE^nAJii:^. 
 Eh rjv /f d'jjcfSLV Tot TtgvTavsid cpaol fioi. 1180 
 
 fiiEijrnniJii^'. 
 ^AitoXova'' dg avd^ ol &£vts£' ov ydg lad^ oncos 
 MV yfdga yivoLT^ dv iji.dgaL 8vo. 
 
 y:TPEVlAJlI2\ 
 
 Ovx civ yivoLTO'j 
 
NE^ EAAI. 77 
 
 fi>EiAinniAU2. 
 Urn ydgj si fXTJ nig 7' a^a 
 Aviy} yivoLT^ av ygavs tb xal vsa /vvij. ■ 
 
 2TPEWIA/iII2. 
 
 Kal ii-qv vEvoiiLCTai y\ 
 
 ^EiAinniAii2. 
 
 Oh ydg^ ol^ul^ toV vo^ov i185 
 ^laactLv og&os 6 tl vobL 
 
 ^tpewiaah:^. 
 
 No Si da li'j 
 
 Q)ElAinilIAH2. 
 
 *0 26Xcov 6 naXuLos 7jv cpLXohj^Los rijv cpvav, 
 
 2TPE^fIAAH2. 
 
 TovTi [xev ovdiv no ngog Ivijv ts Tcal viav, 
 
 EI A in niA 112. 
 ^ExBLVos ovv T71V TckrjOLv BLS 8v^ ij^sgas 
 ''E&7^xBv, BIS yB TT^V IV?^v TB y.cd viav^ 1190 
 
 "Iv^ at d-BOBL? yiyvoiVTO rjj vovfii^via, 
 
 :2TPE''ViAAn2. 
 "Iva dif Tl Tijv Bvriv ngooid^if/CBv ; 
 
 (i>EiAinniAii2' 
 
 "Iv\ CO [ibXe, 
 IlaQOVTBS OL (pBvyovTBS r/l^Bgci {.ua 
 UgoTsgov anaXXaTTOivd'* btcovtbs, bI di [i7J, 
 "Ead^Bv vnaviSvTO Trj vov^njvia, 1195 
 
 2TPEVfIAAlI2, . 
 
 Uas ov Ss^ovTaL hrfia Tjj vovpivla 
 ^Ag/al jd ngvTavBi\ aXX' bvt^ tb xal via ; 
 
 fljEIAIIiniAII2. 
 
 "OnBg ol ngoTiv&at ydg doxovoi [.loi nad^Biv. 
 
 7* 
 
78 NE^EAAI. 
 
 ' Iv* 65 Taxiaxa roc nQViavsc^ vcpslocazo, 
 
 ^id TovTo TrQovTSv&Bvaav TiiiEQa [xta, 1200 
 
 Ev y\ M xaxodai^oves, ti xd&rfad'^ dpelxsgoi^ 
 ' HidjEga yAghj zcov aocptov^ ovjes Vl&qi^ 
 ''Agt&aos, Ttgo^aj' dlXcog, di.i(pogijg vsv7^ai.isvot; 
 "Slax^ £LS iixavTOv xal tov vtov tovtovl 
 'Etz^ svzv;(LaL6Lv daieov (.wvyxoixtov. 1205 
 
 3fdxag co ^^xgexpiades^ 
 
 yivTOS t' E(pV9 6s OOCpOS^ 
 
 XoloV TOV viov TgicpsL?^ 
 
 0}](jOV(ji 87J ^C ol cpiXoL 
 
 Xol dij^tozai 1210 
 
 ZriXovvTBs ifVLx'dv 6v vixas Xeycav rds dlxas. 
 
 ^AXX^ elcdycov as povkofiac jigcojov idndoat. 
 
 nA2IA^. 
 
 EiT^ dvdga zSv avxov n ygi] ngoisvai ; 
 OvdsTtoTS y, dXXd xgsiTTOv i)v svd'vs tote 1215 
 
 ^AuBgyd^gidoai f^idXXov ij o/etv ngdyiiaja^ 
 "Ois Tcov if.iavTOv y avexa vvvl ygijiLaTcov 
 "EXxco oe xXr^Tevdovra, xal yevT^aofiat 
 ^Eyd'gds £Tt Ttgos tovtolciv dvdgi hji-idxTf, 
 ^uiidg ovdsTTOTe ye Tijv TCaigcda xaxaiayvva 1220 
 Zw2/, dXXd xaXovf-iat 2JTg£'ipLddjjv 
 
 2TPEWIAJII2. 
 
 Tis ovTOdi; 
 
 nA2IA2 
 
 *Es Ti^i' avriv rs xal viav 
 
 2TPE^fIA/JII2. 
 
 Magxygof-Laiy 
 
NE0EAAI. 79 
 
 OzL is dv^ siTCEv ij^dgas. Tov ^gijfiaTOS j 
 
 Tcov dadexa ^ivcZv, as f Aa/3fs covovixsvos 
 Tov xpagov innov. 
 
 2:TPEWij/in2:. 
 
 "Ititiov y ov'/C dxovsTS ; — .223 
 ^^Ov ndvTss v[iSLS lots iiiaovvd''* Innixiiv, 
 
 Ik 
 
 nAZiAi:. 
 Kal vy] AV dTtodaOeiv /' ino^vvs tovs d'sovs. 
 
 2:tpewia/1H2. 
 Mdi TOV AV ' ov ydg no tot'' i^ifTttoTaTo 
 0£t8i7t7iid7fs fiot TOV dxaTd^X^TOv Xoyov. 
 
 nAS^iAy. 
 Nvv 8i Sid tovt'^ e^agvos sivat Stavost^ 1230 
 
 :^TPEwrA^ii:^. 
 Tl ydg dXX^ dv duoXavoai^ii tov fiaO'TJixaTOS ; 
 
 nAj:iA^. 
 Kal TOLVT^ i&eX7JG£Ls djioixoaat ^iol Tovg &bovs j 
 
 :sTFEwrAJii^. 
 Iloiovs d'sovs ; 
 
 HAZIA^. 
 
 Tov Aia^ TOV ""Egi-irjv, tov Jloctsida, 
 
 2TPEnfIA/lII2. 
 
 Nt) Aia, 
 Kdv 7tgoaxaTa&£L7^v /\ cxjt^ oaoaai^ Tgicj[3oXov, 1235 
 
 ndJ^iAS. 
 ^Anoloio TOivvv IVf%' dvaidsLa? £tl 
 
 ^TPEy^IA/lIIZ. 
 
 *A).Giv BLadiiijyd^Sis ovaiT^ dv ovToct. 
 
80 NE0EAAI. 
 
 « 
 nA:siA2:. 
 
 11A2IA2. 
 
 Ov Toi fid Tov ^ca Tov ^eyav xal tovs &£ovs 
 "E^ov TcaTangoi^st, 
 
 2TPEVIAJH2. 
 
 0avfiaaL(os ijod^riv d'sois, 1210 
 Kal Zsvs yeXoLos oixvvfiavos tols eidcOLv, 
 
 nA:siA2. 
 ^ H fxijv av TovTcov tS ^gova doosis dixrfv, 
 ''AXV f ti' aviodaasis fioi id /gjjfiaT^ uje fxrj, 
 '^ATtOTts^yjov dTtoxgLvdfievos, 
 
 2TPEW1A/1II2. 
 
 ^E^s vvv yjav^^o?. 
 ^Eyco ydg avTiz^ dnoxgcvovfiat oql aacpcos* 1245 
 
 nA:siA2. 
 Ti aoL doxei bgdasiv ; 
 
 MAPTTS. 
 
 ^AitodSctSiv ^lOL doxst, 
 
 2TPEVnA/tIl^. 
 
 Hov V^' ovTos aTtaLTcov fx£ jdgyvgiov ; AeySy 
 
 TOVTL TL iCTL-j 
 
 nA:EiA2, 
 Tovd^ o TL iciTi j xdgdoTtos. 
 
 2rPE^fIA/lH2. 
 
 "E7t£LT^ dnaiTUS jagyvgiov tolovtos «V; 
 Ovx dv dno^OLip' ovd^ dv of^oXov ovdsvi, 1250 
 
 OoTLs xaXaoeie xdgdojiov iijv xag^OTiijv, 
 
NE0EAAI, 81 
 
 Ovx oig^ aTtodadsig j 
 
 2TPEHfIAJlI2:. 
 
 Ov^^ oaov ys ^' siSivai. 
 Ovxovv dvvcfas tl d^dnov djiokLTagyuts 
 "And Tijs &vgas ; 
 
 nA2IA2, 
 
 ^'Ansif^a, 7cal tovt* La&\ on 
 G}j<ja ngviavu^ yj ^ijxetl ^(pi^v iyco, 1253 
 
 ^TPE^^IA/lHi:, 
 
 UgooajzoPaXs IS dg* avid itgos racs Sadsxa. 
 KalzoL ae tovto y ov/l [SovXofxac nad-uv^ 
 "Ojiri ^xdXeaas evjj&lxcos tt^V xdgdonov, 
 
 AMTNIA2. 
 '/« ^LOL fXOt. 
 
 STPE^flAAH^. 
 
 ^'Ea. 
 
 Tig ovTooL ttot' eo&* 6 &grfvcop ; ov tl tzov 1260 
 ^ Tcdv Kagy/ivov tls datuovcor i<p&i/§aTO ; 
 
 I AMTNTAS. 
 
 •• Tl 5' oaxLs BL^LL^ TOVTO j3ovX£0&^ eldsvat ; 
 "Aviiq xaxodaifxav, 
 
 ^TPE^^IAAIIS. 
 
 -Kara osavTov vvv Tgknov 
 
 AM TNI AS. 
 
 ^ SI axXijgE 8aLi.L0v, a Tv/ai &gav(jdvTvy£s 
 "Inncov ifiai/' a ITaXXdg^ as j-C ditaXeaa?. 1263 
 
 :^rPEH!TAATI2. 
 
 Tl dal ae TXriTZoXeiiog ttot' SLgyaaTai xaxov ; 
 
82 NEfPEAAI. 
 
 AMTNIA^. 
 
 Ml] (j7cconT£ ij,\ CO Toci/, (xAAoc [.lOL Toc ^gijfxaia 
 Tov VLOv dnodovvai- xeXevoov a "Aa/Sfi/, 
 ^'yiXXos T£ ixivTOL Tcui Tcaxcos mugayoxL, 
 
 '2TPEn>TA/in2 
 
 Td Ttota javja ^grjuad-^ ; 
 
 AMTNIA^. 
 
 "^ 'bavdaajo. 1270 
 Kaxcos dg^ ovtcos eixs?^ m y i[X0L doxets, 
 
 AMTNIAS. 
 
 "Imtovs iXavvcov i^STisaov vy] tovs deovs, 
 Ti dijza Xi^getg ctcmsg an'' ovov xaiansowv ; 
 
 AMTNIAS. 
 
 ylr^gco^ rd ^gj^fiai^ dnoXa^Hv el ^ovko^at ; 
 Ovx sod"^ OTtcos ov /' avTOs vfialvtLs. 
 
 AMTNIAZ, 
 
 Tl dai} 1275 
 2TPE^^IA/in2. 
 
 Tov iyxicpaXov ^aneg Geaua&ai ^.loi Soxats* 
 
 AMTNIA^. 
 
 2Jv 8i vrj TOV '"Egi^irjv ngoaxExh^oOai i^ioc doxsis, 
 El ^idixodcoaEiS jdgyvgiov, 
 
 2TPEWIA/lTI^. 
 
 KdzBLTtS VVVy 
 
 JToTsga vofu^sig xaivov del tov /lla 
 
 "TsLv vdag, ixdoTOT''^ ij tov ij}.iov 1290 
 
 ^ EXxBiv xdzco&ev Tamo tov&^ vdog TtdXiv ^ 
 
NEcPEAAI. 83 
 
 [ Ovx Old'' £;'«V OTiGTsgoy, ov3i /xoi fxiksi. 
 
 lias ovv dnolaj^ELv jaqyvgiGv dixaios i-T, 
 J^L ^.njdev OLG&a tSv fxsiecogcov ngay^aTcov '^ 
 
 ajitivia:^. 
 ^ AlV at dTtavL^eis, rdgyvgiov fioi zov toxov l'2So 
 'Ajiodos ye, 
 
 ^TPE^UAzlIi:^. 
 
 TovTo (5' 1(7 1?-' 6 Toxos TL d^ijgiov ^ 
 
 AIMTJNIA^. 
 
 Ti (5' aXXo y y y.ard fiijva xal y.ad^ ijaegav 
 nXiov TtABov lagyvgLov del yiyveiaif 
 'TnoggiovTos tov ^govov ; 
 
 Ka?.as ).eyei£. 
 Tl drjia ; T?p d^d),anav £o&^ on nXeiova 1290 
 
 Nvvl vofu^eis 7} Tzgd tov j ^ 
 
 A:\iTy I A :r. 
 
 Md Al\ dlV LOiiv, 
 Ov ydg dixaiov nXelov^ etvat, 
 
 ^TFE'l^IAzlII^:. 
 
 Kara nag 
 AvTTf fxiv, CO y.axodauiov^ ovSiv yiyvsTat 
 "JEjiiggeovTcov tcov noiai-icov nXeiav^ av 8i 
 ZijTel? noiffOat idgyvgiov nXuov to o6v ; 1295 
 
 Ovx dnobico^ei oavTOv dito Tijs olyuas j 
 0sg£ uoL TO y.ivTgov. 
 
 AMTNIAZ. 
 
 Tavz'' iyco i.iagTvgo^iai. 
 
84 NEOiEylAI. 
 
 AniTNTA^, 
 
 Tavi^ ov)( v^Qi? drji^ laziv j 
 
 ^TPm^iAJny;. 
 
 Ksvjav vTio Tov TtgcoxTov 06 Tov OBigacpogov, 130C 
 *Pevysi9 'j £fi£?^lov o' aga yuvijaeiv eyco 
 ylviois jgo^OLS tols 60161 xal ^vvagcGiv, 
 
 XOPO^. 
 
 OTov TO Ttga/fxajov ig^v cpXavgcov* 6 ydg 
 
 rigov o5' i^ag&els 
 
 ^ATZOGisgrjoaL jSovlsiat 1305 
 
 Td ^grifiiad'^ a ^8av€iaaT0 ' 
 
 Kovx sad"^ oiicos ov trjixsgov 
 
 ylijipsTac TL 7tgdy^\ o tov- 
 
 TOV 7lOnj6BL TOV COfplOTl^V * * 
 
 * (bv TCavovgyaiv ijg^aT^ l^aicpvij? Xa^Hv xa- 
 
 XOV Tt. 1310 
 
 Oii.iai ydg avTov avTi/' svgijaecv ojisg 
 
 Ildlat ttot' t^ijzst, 
 
 Eivat TOV VLov Sstvov ol 
 
 EvcjLias avavTca? Xeysiv 
 
 ToToLv Sixacois, aozs vc- 1315 
 
 yMv ditavTa? oTansg dv 
 
 ISvyysvijTai^ xdv keytf 7ian7t6v7ig\ 
 
 "lacjg 8^ i'acjs Pov?yiO£TaL xdcpcovov avTov Eivai, I320 
 
 ^TPEUfJAziHJS. 
 lov lOV. 
 
 SI yELTOvss xat ^vyyevelg xal dri^ioTai^ 
 
NE^EAAI. 
 
 Oi'uoL y.axodaL[.iav Tijs xs«pahjs xal jijs yvdd^ov, 
 ^J2 fjiiags, TV71TSLS toV Ttajsga; 
 
 ^7][-t\ (b TCaTtg, 1325 
 
 'Ogd^* ofioXo/ovvd''^ ort fis tvtctsi, 
 
 Kal ^dXa. 
 
 2TPE^^'IAJHZ, 
 
 ^Sl [xiags xal naigaXoia xal roi^cogv^s, 
 
 <iiEi/Jinni/iH2. 
 ^ifd'is (IS javid Tcci^'Ta xal Tikstco Xeye, 
 ^ Ag^ oloS'^ Stl x^^9^ txoXV dxovcov xal xaxd ^ 
 
 2TPE w lAA iisT^c ,- , 
 ^Sl XaxxoTtgcoxTS. 
 
 ^ETJiirnUH^. 
 Jldrje TtoXXoLS rots godocs, 1330 
 
 2TPEVIAAH2. 
 
 Tov najiga tvtztsls ; 
 
 0EiJinnTJHZ. 
 
 Kdnocpava ye vrj z/ta 
 
 'J2s iv dixy (>' STVTtTOV. 
 
 STPE^UAAHi:. 
 
 'Si 
 
 r 
 
 (j^iagcorazs 
 
 Kal nas ykvoiT* dv najiga TvnTatv iv dixjf ; 
 
 ^EiAinniJH2. 
 *'Eycoy dnoSsi^co, xac as vix-qaco kiyov, 
 
 2:tpewiaah^, 
 Tovjl 6v vixrjffsis y 
 
86 NE^EAAI. 
 
 Qi E I A inni/1 U2. 
 
 IIoXv y£ xal gadtcos. 1335 
 
 ^EXov 5' bitoxegov toiv Xo/oiv ISovksc Xs/eiv, 
 
 STPE^^IAJHZ, 
 
 UoiOLv Xoyoiv ; 
 
 ^iEiAinniJiis. 
 Tdv xgBLTTov\ ij Tov {jriova. 
 
 2TPEV1AAU2. 
 
 'Edida^dl^n^v ^uvtol as vri ^t\ 6 f^ieXs, 
 ToiCiv dixatoLS avTcXeysir, si ravici ys 
 AlsXXeis dva7isi(j£Lv, as dixaiov xal ycaXov 1340 
 Tov najiga Tvmsdd''' ioili' vno tcov vUav, 
 
 fi>Ei/tinnTAu^, ^ 
 
 ^ AW oto^at ^ivToc o^ dvanstosiv, Sctzs ys i 
 
 Ov3'' avTos dxgoaodfisvos ovdiv dvisgsis. 
 
 2TPEn'TAAJI2. . 
 
 Kal fujv o TL Tcal ke^stg dxavaai ^ovXoi.iai, 1 
 
 xopoy. 
 JEov egyov^ 6 ngea^ina^ (pgovjc^sty oTttf 1345 
 
 Tov dvSga xgazijosig^ U aw 
 'J2g ovTog, st ^jj tm ^7t£7toi&siv, ovx dv ijv 
 OvTcog dxokaOTOS, [ *' ^^f 
 
 ^AXX^ £a&^ oi(p &gaGvv£Tai ' dijXov ye rot ■ 
 To Xiiiia TO TO^dgos, I3r>0 
 
 ^ AXV l| OTOV TC TtgCOTOV 7/^|0C^' 7] ^d/7] ytVEad^UL 
 
 "Hdi^ Xsyeir ^gy] ngos ^ogov ndvrcos 8i tovto 
 
 dgdasis. 
 
 2TPE^fIAAH2. 
 
 Kal (xr^v odsv ys Ttgarov ijg^d^sod'a XotSogstddai 
 'Eyco cpgdacd^ ^neidy] ydg €i(jii6i.ud\^ SouEg lots, 
 
NE0EAAI, 87 
 
 Ugazov fiiv avxov Ti)y Xvgav Aa^oVi' iya ';«£- 
 
 AffCa 1355 
 
 'AicfaL 2JiucovlSov f-iakog^zdv Kgtov^ ag ijrs^d'ij, 
 ''Q 8' €v&£(DS dgyaiov elv^ h'cpaaxs to xL&agi^eLv 
 "AidsLv T£ 7iLVOV&\ c)(j7i£g£L '/cd^gvg yvvaZx' dXov- 
 
 aav. 
 ^ETA'inniAlI2. i vj^i^ 
 
 Ov ydg tot' sv&vs X9W ^' ^9^ tvtcteo&pli te xai 
 
 ''Aideiv y.£X£vov&\ (haic^gsl TETTiyas ioziavTa j 13G0 
 
 Toiavxa iikvTOi xal tot' aXeysv svdov^ oldneg vvv, 
 Kal Tov ^L^covlhjv £cpaox* eivai xaxov nonjjijv. 
 Kdyco ^oXls fxsv, ccAA' oiicog r^^vsayoariv to ngaiov 
 ^' Etc BIT a 5' ixiX^vd' avxov dXXd ixvqqlvt^v ?.aj36vTa 
 Tav AldyvXov }J^at xt ^loi • ycad^ ovros sv&vs 
 
 SITISV, 1365 
 
 '• ^Eyco ydg AtayvXov volu'Cco Tigaxov iv non^xalSy 
 Wocpov TiXecov, d^vaxaxov, ox6fi(paxa, y.gi^uvo- 
 
 noLov,^'* 
 Kdvxavd'a itas oua&i fiov xijv TcagSiav ogsyOsiv; 
 "Ofias 8i xov dvadv 8axcw scpriv^ 2^v d'' dXXd, 
 
 xovxov 
 Ae^ov XL xav vscoxegcov, octt' ioxl xd oocpd xav- 
 
 'O 3^ ev&vs f}a^ EvgiTCiSov gijotv xiv\ cog iycivsi 
 ^ASeXcpog, c3 "'Xs^ly.ay.e^ xi]v ofioixijTgiav d8£?.cp7Jv. 
 Kdyco ovyJx^ i^i^vBOyofii^v, dX?J £vdvg i^agdxxco 
 JJoXXoTg yayotg yalaygoidL* xdx'^ £VX£v&£v, oTov 
 . £iy.6gy 
 
88 . NE0E AAI. 
 
 i 
 ^' Euos Ttgos S710S 7JgsLd6[iS(j&^ * eld'^ ovzos inava- 
 
 KansLT^ scpXa [xs xddTiodsL xanviys xdjiSTgipsv, 
 
 ^Ei/linniJiiz. 
 Ovxovv dixaias, oCtls ovx Evgmibriv iTtaivsts, 
 2JocpaTaTOv ; 
 
 2TPEWIA/IH2. 
 
 2o(paTaTOv 'f ixsivov, a tl (?' eiitco'y 
 A'kV av&is av TVTiTijaofiaL, 
 
 0Ei/Jinni/iH2. 
 
 Ny] Tov z/t', iv dixf^ /' av, 
 
 ^TPEWIAJli:^. 
 
 Kal Ticos dLxatas / oOTig o ^vato^vvTa a' i^id^gs- 
 
 Xpa, ■ . 1380 
 
 Alod'avoiisvo? aov ndvTa rgavXi^ovTos^ 6 tl vooijis^. 
 El fxiv ye jSgvv ujioig, iyco yvovs av nulv inia^ov 
 Ma^^dv 5' dv ahijoavTog mcoy doL cpegcov dv dg- 
 
 TOV ' nj/^M 
 
 Kaxxdv 5' dv ovx eq)d^7js q)gd(jai, xdyco Xaj^cov 
 
 d'vga^s 
 "E^scpsgov dv xal ngqya^oiiriv ds* Ov 5' ifis vvv 
 
 djtdy^cov 1385 
 
 EoSvra xal xExgayod^ otl 
 Xs^r^Ticoi^v^ ovx szhis, 
 "E^a ^^evsyxetv, dt fiiagi, 
 Ovga^s ^', aAAa nviyofxsvos 
 AvTOv ^nob^oa xaxxdv, 139C 
 
 X0P02. 
 
 Oiftal ye tcov vscorigcov rds xagSias 
 Ujjddv, 6 Tl Xi^si. 
 
NE^EAAI, 89 
 
 El ydg TOtavrd 7' ovios l^Hgyaa^hos 
 AaX(ov dvansLcfst, tr'' ■'-'-'■ '^^ 
 
 To digfAU Tcov yegaLTegcov kd^oifisv dv 1395 
 
 'AXk^ ov8^ igsjStv&ov, 
 
 2!6v egyov^ a xaivcov ijicov XLvrird xal fiO^Xsvrd, 
 IJet&c) TLva ^T^Tfn/, oncos do^j^? Xiyetv dLxata. 
 I a>Ei/iinni^H2. 
 
 'Sis riBv xatvotg ngdy^iaoiv xal ds^Lots oixiXstv, 
 Kal Tcjv xad^scfToicov vo^av VTtsgcpgovetv 8vva- 
 
 G&at. 1400 
 
 "Eya ydg ots fxiv ltitcixtj tov vovv fxovov ngoa* 
 Ov8^ dv TgV siTteiv gijfj.ad-^ olos t' ^ nglv i^a^g- 
 
 TELV ^ 
 
 Nvvl 5' STisidrj ^' ovToal tovtcov mavaev avTos, 
 Evcjfiai s di jk sTtTats xal Xoyois ^vvetju^xal (isgc- 
 
 OLjjiat didd^SLv as Sixaiov tov jiaiiga xoXd- 
 
 ^SLV, 1405 
 
 ^TPEVfIAJH:S. 
 
 "Innevs tolvvv vtj z/t', as hfiotys Tcgstzzov ectlv 
 "Imt(ov jgecpBLv TEd-gnTitov iq tvtito^evov iniTgi' 
 
 Prjvai, 
 0Ei/iinni/tH^. 
 ^Exetas 5' 6&ev dTtia/iads ^ib tov Xoyov ^STSiut, 
 Kal TtgaT* sgrjoofxaL as tovtc' vtatdd ^' oVt' I- 
 
 TVTtTSS ; 
 jl Jj.^TPEwiAJHy:, 
 *Ey(oyk (;', evvbcov te xal xri^o^uvos, 
 
 8*. 
 
90 . NE0EAAI. 
 
 (DElAinniAH2. 
 ,/ Ehtl djj (.lOL^ 1410 
 
 Ov xdfxi doc dixaiov ic/itv eifvoelv ofiOLas, 
 TvTtTHv t', ijteLdjJTZsg ye tovi* IW evvoblv, to 
 
 TVUTHV -y 
 
 lias ydg to ^liv adv da^a ygij nhj^^av d&aov 
 
 SLvai, 
 Tov^iov 8i fiij ^ Tcal fiijv scpvv iXsv&sgd? ye xdy6..^Jl 
 KXdovdi Ttalds?^ itaiega d^ ov xXdsiv Soxsts ; 1415' ' 
 ^ijcfsis vo^u^sod'aL ye Ttatdds tovto zovgyov elvai; 
 "JEya di y dvTSLTioifi^ dv «g Bis Jtatdss ol yigovzes* 
 EItcos di ^idXXov Tovs yigovzas 7} veovs it TcXdeiv^ 
 "Oaajtsg B^a^agTavsiv ijTTOv dixatov aviovs, 
 
 2TPEWIA/III2. 
 
 *AXV ovda^ov vo^i'CsTai toV nwikga tovto Ttd- 
 
 (j/tCV. 1420 
 
 ^EIAinniAH2. 
 
 Ovy.ovv dvjjg 6 tov vo^ov ■d'els tovtov ?Jr to ngco- 
 
 TOV, 
 
 "J2(j7tsg av Tcdyco^ ocal Isycov enBtd'E tovs nakai- 
 
 ovs j 
 '^Httov tl drJT^ B^sdit xdiiol xaivov av to Xoinov 
 0£tvat vd^iov TOLS viiaiv, tovs TtaTsgas dvTiTv- 
 
 TtTBlV'y Yo/vVr^-'' 
 
 "Ocas di TtXriyds si^ofisv nglv tov voi-iov tsB'tJ- 
 
 , , vat, \ ,Ai-v - 1425 
 
 '^(pLSi^isv, xal didofisv avTOLS TTgoTxa dvyxexocpd^at^ J(^ 
 ^xEipai 8i TOVS dXsxzgvovas Tcai TaXka Ta j^otoS 
 
 TaVTi, 
 
 ^ Sis TOVS nazegas d^vvazac xatTOt tl diacpsgovCLv 
 
NEOEAAI. 91 
 
 'H^Lcov ixsLvotf nXiiv ozt yjijcpLdi^iai^ ov ygdcpovdiv : » 
 
 Ti SjJt% BTteL^ij Tovs dXey.xgvovas ditavxa ^a- 
 
 ^ft, 1430 
 
 Ovy, io&iets Tcal tt^v xottqov y.dnl ^vXov ya&ev- 
 
 deis ; 
 ^EiJinniJii2. 
 Ov ravrov^ eo rdv, eotlv^ ovd^ dv 2Jcoy.gdist doy.onj, 
 
 2TPEWlA/iH2:. 
 
 Ugos javta [.iij tvtit''' el 8i i^rj, oaviov noj^ at- 
 
 Tidasi, 
 ^Ei/iinni/in2. 
 Kal nag ; 
 
 2TPE^'IAJH2, 
 
 ^Etch as ixiv SixaLos sl^^ i/co y.oXd'CsLv^' 
 2Jv d\ ijv yevi^Tai doi^ tov viov, 
 0EiJinnTzin:E. 
 
 ^^Hv 8 6 I.ITJ yivijiai, 1435 
 
 Mdzriv i^aoi xexXavaszai^ av d^ lyy^avuv je&vij^sn'. 
 
 ^rPE^nAJiis. 
 ^Eaoi f,iiv, avdgss ijliysg, doxsc ?,s/siv dtxata* 
 Kdaoiys avy^^cogstv doxsc tovtokjl rdTiteLxfy 
 KXdsiv ydg rn-ids etyos iai^ ijv f.uj dixaia dga[i£v. 
 
 <PEiJinniJH^, 
 2^ys\paL 8i ^disgav he yvofir^v, 
 
 :etpewia/iuz. 
 
 ^Ano ydg oXov^iai, 1440 
 
 ^EiAinniAHS. 
 Kcd fXTJv Ldcos 'f ovy dy&iaei nad'cov a vvv jtS' 
 
92 NE0EAAI, 
 
 ^TPEnflAJlI^. 
 
 Has dij y dida^ov ydg tl ^' ix tovtcov incocpskT^" 
 
 (J£LS. 
 
 0Ei/linni/JH2. 
 Tijv ^7(Tig^ G>(j7t£g xal ai ivnTrjC/o, 
 
 2TPE^IA/1H2. 
 
 rn^ t / \ t 
 
 it (pj}Sy TL (pi^s av; 
 Tovd^ ezsgov av [xsi^ov xaxov. 
 (i)Ei/Jinni/JH2. 
 
 1 L , IJV S^COV TOV JjTTCJ 1445 
 
 Aoyov 68 VLXijoco Xiycov 
 
 Ti]v fiT^Tsg^ cos TvitTSLv ^gscov ; 
 
 :sTPEv^iA/iii2:, 
 Tl 5' ocAAo y y ijv TavzL Tioijjs, 
 Ov8iv as xakv(j£L (jsav- 
 
 Tov ifxpaXELV is to ^dgadgov 1450 
 
 MsTa ^oxgoLTOvs 
 Kal TOV Xoyov tov ijiico, 
 TavTL Sl'' v^ids, d) NecpiXai^ 7iinov&' eyco^ 
 'T^Lv dvad'tls ditavTa Tafid ngdy^iaTa, 
 
 ■^t "^"^ xopoy;. 
 
 . AvTos i^iiv ovv aavTa av tovtcov alTcos, 
 2JTgiipas aeavTov is novijgd. itgdy^aTa, 1455 
 
 2TPE^fIA/lII. 
 
 ') - 
 
 Tl drJTa xavr' ov fiot tot'' ijyogsvETS, ny^^ 
 '-^AA' dvdg^ dygoLxov xal yegom^ iTijjgsTS ; ~ 
 
 xopoy. 
 " H^iHS Ttoiovfxsv Toci^'i^'' sxdoTod^ ovTLv^ dv 
 Evcofisv novrigav oVi' igaOTijv ngay^dTCov, 
 ^'Ecos dv avTov i^i^dXco^ev els xaxov, i46o 
 
NE^PEAAI. 93 
 
 "Oucos av dbi) tov? d-eovg SsSoLzivat, 
 
 2TPEVfTA/JlI2. 
 
 "Jlfwt^ Tcovijgd y\ CO JVscpsXaL, dixaia ds. 
 Ov ydg ft' ixQ^iv rd ^grji,ia&^ d ^davsiadfu^v 
 
 ^A7l06TSQ£iV. NvV OVV 07109^ (0 (piXiaTS, 
 
 Tov XaiQEcpavza tov fuagov xal J^axgdir^ 14(55 
 ^AnoXsis fiezsk&cov, ot ai xa^' e^ijudTov. 
 
 (pEi/iinni/lH2. 
 ^ AXV ovx dv d§r/C7J(jaifiL jovs didaaxdXovg, 
 
 2TPE^^IA/IH2. 
 
 Nal vat, xaTatdictd^riTt najgcoov Aia, 
 
 ^EiJinniJH^. 
 'Idov ye Alcl Ttargaov as dg^atos sL 
 Zsvs ydg tls ioTLv ; 
 
 ^TPEnnA/jHS, 
 "EaxLv, 
 
 ^EiAinniAH2> 
 
 OVX IW OVX ' STTSL 1470 
 
 Jivos l^actiXsvst, TOV z/r i^eh^Xaxas* ^j^jOjJJ^^" 
 
 STPE^flA/tHZ. 
 
 Ovx i^sXijXax*, aAA' iyco tovt' «o^?^r, 
 ^ Aid TOVTOvl TOV /divov. OifioL dsiXuLog, 
 "Ots xal 6E /vTgeovv bvTa &£6v r^p^adfir^v. 
 ^^~ (PEiJinnizi H2 . j/ i / 
 
 * EvTavd-a aavTa nagdcpgovsi xal cpXrivdcpa.. 1475 
 
 iJifioi Ttagavoias'^cog ajxaivofiriv aga, 
 "O;^^ k^i^aXXov Tovg d'sovs Sid ^Jcoxgan^, 
 ^ AXV^ c5 (fiV 'Egfxif, fir^da^ias &vfxaLvi'fxoi^ 
 Mii^i fC iTiiTgLiprf?, d.XXd avyyvafii^v s^s 
 
9t NEI'EAAI. A,, 
 
 'I^fwv TtagavoijoavTog oi8o?^eG^ia. . '/ /. fiisa 
 Kai ^lOL ysvov ^v^i^ovXos^ fir' avTOvs ygacpijv 
 /iuxiy.d&co ygayjoifisvos^ sl'B''' 6 tl dot 8oKuyfi<i^j^^,^ 
 ^Ogd'as TtagaLvSLS ovx icov dixoggacpstv^- -{^^--^ 
 ^ AXV 6s Td/cai'' ^imimgdvai zijv olxtav - 
 TcDV adoX£0)/cov. z/evgo dsvg\ co ^av&ta, 1485 
 KXifiayca Xa^cov e^sXds Tcal a^ivvijv cpsgav, 
 KdneiT^ ijtava^ds inl to .(pgoviioijjgcov 
 To Ts/Gs ycajdaxam^ al (piXsis top dsOTtoiriv, 
 "J^cas dv avtois iupdXr^s ttjv olxiav 
 ''E^oi Si ddd^ ivs/xdzco tls i^fxfiivi^v, 1490 
 
 KdyG) TLV^ avTcov Ti^^sgov dovvai dixr^v 
 ''H^ixol TiouJGco, X£t acpodg^ f tV dla^ovss, 
 
 MA0HTH2 A. 
 lOV LOV, 
 
 2TPEWIA/III2. 
 
 2dv sgyov^ a ddg^ livac 7to}.X7Jv cpXoya, 
 
 MA0HTII2 A, 
 
 ^'Avd'gcoTte, TL noulg ; 
 
 2:TPE^fIAAH:S. 
 ; 4 - "O TL TZOLCO; TL 5' dXXo y ^ 1495 
 
 /fLaXajiToXoyov^aL Tatg doxotg Tijg olxlag. 
 
 MA OUT lis B. 
 
 OifxoL^ TLg i)f.icjv TtvgnoXei ttjv olxlav ; 
 
 STPEWiA^iiy;. 
 'JExsLvog ovTisg d'olfiaTLov slXTJcpaTS, 
 
 MAO HT II 2 r. 
 
 ^AnoXsLS dnoXsTg, 
 
 ■ »- 
 
 2rPEn^iA?tn2;. 
 
 Tovt'' avTo ydg xal ^ovXai^at, 
 
NE^EAAI. ' 96 
 
 ^^Hv I'l GixLvvij f.ioL fXfj TtgoSa Tag IXnlbas, 1500 
 
 "^H ^yco Ttgozegov nas ixTga^ij?uGOa neoov 
 
 2JIKPATH2. 
 
 OvTOS, Tt 710ULS Itsov. ovttI tov ts^ovs ; 
 
 2TPEV1A/1H2. 
 
 ^AsgolSajcj, xal negLcpgova tov rjXLOv. 
 Oif^ioL raAag, dsiXaLog anoTivL'y'ijaoi.iai. 
 
 XA1PE<PJIN, y^tvv' ^ ^-^' 
 
 JSyco di 7iaxo8aLi.icov ye xaTaxavd^TJcfofiai, 1505 
 
 2:tpewia^ii:s. 
 
 Tl ydg ^lad^ovTsg tovs &£ovg v^gt'CsTSy 
 
 Kal T^j^g ^eXinvijg iaxonstads Tr}v edgav ; 
 
 z/lcoxs^ /3aAAf, Tiats^ noXXcov ovvexa, / - %.* (^^ 
 
 MaXiOTa 8^ sldag tovs d^sovg ag ridixovv, ' - 
 
 ^ / 
 
 xopoy. /-> / '^^^ 
 
 'Hyeta^^ £^co' xs^ogsvTat ydg [xsTgicog to ys Tij- 
 
 r IV 
 
 (legov ii^LV, 1510 
 
NOTES. 
 
 (97) 
 
NOTES. 
 
 1 The scene opens in a sleeping apartment of the city 
 mansion of Strepsiades, a rustic land-owner, who had been 
 induced to marry into an aristocratic Athenian family. 
 The wife is a niece of Megacles, the son of Megacles ; that 
 is, a lady belonging to the higher circles of Athenian so- 
 ciety. The promising son of this ill-starred union has, it 
 seems, run into all the fashionable foUies and expensive 
 habits of the young equestrians with whom his mother's 
 rank has brought him into connection. His foolish old 
 father begins to find himself in embarrassed circumstances ; 
 and he is here represented as roused from his bed at early 
 dawn by the anxiety caused by his pecuniary difficulties. 
 The son is sound asleep on his couch, and slaves are snoring 
 around him. The statue of the equestrian Poseidon (line 83) 
 stands near. The young man talks occasionally in his 
 sleep, and his dreaming thoughts are evidently running 
 upon the pursuits and amusements of the day. 
 
 2, 3. TO XQW^ .... amQavxov. A common pleonasm. 
 Herodotus has 6vog fisya XQrJijia, a great thing of a boar, a 
 huge boar. Translate here. These nights (or. These hours 
 of the night; vwrsg has sometimes this meaning), how end- 
 less they are ! 
 
 (99) 
 
1 00 NOTES. 
 
 4. Kca [i^v, And certainly, or, And yet, forsooth. See 
 Kiihner, Gr. Gr., § 316. — y. The emphasizing particle. — 
 nakai .... rf/.ova. The aorist of the verb, with the adverb 
 referring to the past, describes a single act completed at the 
 time indicated by the adverb. The present tense, similarly 
 constructed, indicates that the action, though commenced in 
 the past, is still continued. 
 
 5. ov'/, .... Tov, very common for tovtov, hut they woidd 
 not have done it before this. The particle av qualifies tnoiow 
 or some such verb to be supplied. 
 
 6. 7. "Anoloio .... ov/Axaq. The Peloponnesian war had 
 already raged eight years. The farmers of Attica had been 
 compelled to exchange the country for the city, and to bring 
 in their slaves with them. The dangers of their situation, 
 in the midst of a slave population that outnumbered the free- 
 born Athenian citizens in the ratio of nearly four to one, 
 were increased by the opportunities of escape in the time of 
 the war, and the masters had to relax 4he usual severities of 
 their treatment. As it was, the slaves absconded in great 
 numbers, and caused the Athenians not a little harm. 
 Strepsiades is therefore naturally represented as cursing the 
 war because he cannot safely flog his slaves. See Thucyd. 
 VII. 27. — 5^r. For the force of this particle, see Kiihner, 
 Gr. Gr., § 315, A. 
 
 8. 6 XQijarog ovroGi, ironically, this excellent youth, this 
 fine fellow here. 
 
 11. Qtjy^ojfxer, let us snore. The old man throws himself 
 ■)n the bed and tries to get a nap, but without success. 
 
 12. da'Avoiievog, hitteii. He compares his son's extrava- 
 gance, and the expense of the stable, and his debts, to fleas, 
 u'hic'i bite him so that he cannot get a wink of sleep. The 
 w6rd 8d'AV(o is also used metaphorically to vex. 
 
 14. '0 . . . . 'ii(ov. And he. with his long hair. The cus- 
 tom of wearing the hair long was prevalent among young 
 men of equestrian rank at Athens, especially the fops who 
 
NOTES. 101 
 
 «pent their time with horses. See Aristoph./Eqintes,'537 r 
 Mf] (fdovEld' 7j{xiv 'AO^(aai. Upon which a Scholiast remarks : 
 '' to '/an xo[idv Itti rov zQVcpav Xtyerai, xai yavQOvodai, y.ar. 
 Ht'ya (fQOvelv." See Mitchell's note upon the passage (1.5G2.. 
 in his edition). 
 
 15. ^ l7t7tut,ETai .... ^vvcoQi-AEvEtai. The former refers to 
 riding^ the latter to driving, especially a span, cvrcoQig. 
 
 16. ^OvetQOTiolel 0^ mnovg, and he dreams horses. 
 
 17. 'Oqojv .... ely.ddag, seeing the moon bringing on the 
 twenties. The Eiaddag were the last ten days of the month. 
 The Attic month was divided into three portions of ten 
 days each, called decades, ds'Aadeg. Money was lent at a 
 daily or a monthly rate of interest, usually the latter. 
 Sometimes the interest was paid annually. (See Boeckh, 
 Public Econ. of the Athenians, Lamb's Tr., pp. 172-175.) 
 The ordinary rate on loans was one per cent, a month. In 
 cases of great risk, as commercial voyages, it sometimes 
 went uj) as high as thirty-six per cent, per annum. Strep- 
 siades sees the last part of the month approaching, when 
 the interest on his debts must be provided for. In his 
 anxiety, he orders his servant to light the lamp and bring 
 him his memorandum-book (1. 19, yQa^fxarsiov), out of which 
 he reads the various items of his debts. 
 
 18. Toxoi, interest moneys. The etymology, of the word, 
 and the analogy by which it is applied to the produce of 
 money lent, are obvious. Aristotle, Pol. I. 10, says: " o 5s 
 xo'Aog avto (i. e. money) tioiei Ttltov, odsv xai rovvo[ia rovz 
 Ei"/.7](f)£v." Shylock (Merchant of Venice, Act I. Sc. 3) says 
 of his gold, " I make it breed as fast." 
 
 22. Tov .... Haaia ; Why twelve mince to Pastas ? For 
 the construction of roi;, see Soph. Gr. Gr., § 194, 1. 
 
 23. "Ox .... noTtTtatLav, When I bought the koppa horse. 
 It was the custom to mark or brand horses of pure breed 
 on the haunch, generally with the character koppa or 
 san. The former was the xortTtariag, the latter aaiicpoqag. 
 
102 NOTES. 
 
 "Among the domestic animals, horses in Attica ])ore 
 relatively a high price, not only on account of their use- 
 fulness, and of the difficulty of keeping them, but also on 
 account of the inclination for show and expense which 
 prevailed. While the knight kept for war and for pa- 
 rade in the processional march at the celebration of the 
 festivals, and the ambitious man of rank for the races, cele- 
 brated with so much splendor, high-blooded and powerful 
 steeds, there arose, particularly among the younger men, 
 that extravagant passion for horses, of which Aristophanes, 
 in his comedy of the Clouds, exhibits an example, and 
 many other authors give an account. So that many impov- 
 erished themselves by raising horses, while others became 
 rich in the same occupation. Technical principles were 
 also early formed respecting the treatment of horses, which 
 before the time of Xenophon were published by Simon, a 
 famous horseman. A common horse, such as, for example, 
 was used by the cultivator of the soil, cost three minas (75 
 tRlr. or $51.30). 'You have not dissipated your property 
 by raising horses,' says the person represented as the 
 speaker in a speech of Isaeus, ' for you never possessed a 
 horse worth more than three minas.' A splendid riding 
 horse, on the contrary, or one used for the chariot race, was 
 purchased, according to Aristophanes, for twelve minas ; 
 and, since that amount was lent upon the pledge of a horse 
 of that kind, this may have been a very common price. A 
 ftmciful taste, however, enhanced the price beyond all 
 bounds ; thus, for example, thirteen talents were given for 
 Bucephalus." — BoechKs Public Economy of the Athenians^ 
 pp. 102, 103. 
 
 The following table exhibits the values of the Attic coins 
 and sums of account, deduced from carefully weigliing a 
 series of Athenian coins in my possession, and comparing 
 them with coins in other collections. As the drachma is 
 the unit to which the rest of the series bear a definite pro- 
 
NOTES. * 103 
 
 poi-tion, we may construct the table as follows, beginning 
 with the smallest copper coin : — 
 
 1 Lepton = $0.0004 or ^ of a mill. 
 
 7 Lepta = 1 Chalcus = 0.0034 or 3^ mills. 
 
 8 Chalcoi == 1 Obolos = 0.0277 or 2 cts. 1-^-^ mills. 
 6 Oboloi= 1 Drachma = 0.1666 or 16 cts. 6^^^ mills. 
 
 100 Drachmai = l ]Mna = 16.666 or 16 dollars 16 cents 
 6y^ mills. 
 60 Mnai = 1 Talanton (Talent) = $1,000, or one thousand 
 dollars." 
 
 For a further account of the 'AOTiTtaxiag and cafiqjOQag, see 
 Becker's Charicles, p. 63, n. 5, English translation. For 
 an account of the ancient race-horses and their names and 
 marks, see Krause, Gymnastik und Agonistik der Hellenen, 
 Vol. I. pp. 594-599. 
 
 24. Eld' e^s-AOTZT^v. Kuster, Duker, Welcker, Beck, Her- 
 mann, and others, have t^exonrf, referring to the koppa 
 horse for the subject. The MSS. all have t^e'AOTtriv. 
 Some have discerned a play upon the similarity of sound 
 between xoTiTZariag and t^EHOTtrj. It was when I bought the 
 hoppa horse ; ah ! 1 wish he had had his eye hoppaed out 
 Jirst, ," Ita," says Hermann, " et sententia optissima est, et 
 lepor manet dicacitatis. Id unum optat Strepsiades, ne ne- 
 cessarium fuisset istum equum emere. Atqui si oculus ei 
 antea excussus fuisset, noluisset eum emi Phidippides. Fa- 
 cete igitur, optat Strepsiades, equum ipsum, qui xo^ftcc habe- 
 bat, quo in hippotropheis genus equorum designatur, quae 
 res baud parvum habet in emendis equis momentum, aliud 
 ante accepisse no^ifia, quo emptores deterruisset." 
 
 25. (IhIcov .... dQO^ov. The young man, dreaming of 
 the race-ground, and imagining that his rival is crowding 
 upon his track, murmurs, Philon, you are not fair^ drive on 
 your own course. 
 
 28. Tloaovg .... noXefJiartJQia (sc. aQuaroL) ; How many 
 
104 NOTES. 
 
 courses will the ivar-chariots run ? Hermann, however, ob- 
 ser\ es, — " Ambiguum est, TZoXeiiKJxtiQia sintne uQiAara an 
 d^uhjfiara intelligenda, sitque hoc nomen accusativo casu 
 an nomlnativo dictum. lUud quidem non dubitandum vide- 
 tur, quin aurigatio potius vel equitatio, quam currus eo nom- 
 ine designetur. Quod nominative si est positum, qua^rere 
 putandus est Phidippides ante cursus initium, quot gyros 
 facturi sint. Verisimilius est tamen accusativum esse irtoXep- 
 
 30. l4raQ .... Uaaiav ; The old man after this interrup- 
 tion returns to his accounts. The words rt XQtO(^ s[3a [is are 
 quoted from a lost play of Euripides, for the purpose of bur- 
 lesque. The poet seizes every opportunity of ridiculing the 
 tragic style of that great poet. In Euripides (Here. Fu- 
 rens, 494) we find rt aaivov ijlde XQ^^^ > what new event has 
 come ? Aristophanes plays with the double meaning of 
 XQSog. In this passage. What debt has come upon me ? 
 
 31. TQtig .... l^iivvia. Another item in the account. 
 Three mince for a little chariot and a pair of wheels to 
 Amynias. For construction, see Soph. Gr. Gr., § 194, 1. 
 
 32. "ATtays .... o/'xocSe. The young man is still talking 
 in his sleep. Take the horse home, when you have given 
 him a roll in the sand. The Greeks had places for ^rolling, 
 called dhv^ijdQai or t^aXiotQai, sprinkled with sand, Avliero 
 a roll was allowed the horses after the race. 
 
 33. 141)^ .... tfioov. The old man takes up the word 
 and exclaims, You have rolled me, you rogue, out of '^y 
 property. 
 
 34. 35. 8Uag .... qjaaiv. In the legal phraseology of 
 Athens, dUfjv 6q)XETv meant to be cast in a suit, to lose a 
 case; tve^VQaaaaOai, to take security, constructed with the 
 genitive of the thing for which security is taken. 
 
 35. 'EtEov. The son now wakes, disturbed by his father's 
 steps and exclamations. 
 
NOTES. 135 
 
 3G. Ti ' . ' . oXrjy ; Why are you worrying and fussing 
 about all night long ? 
 
 37. /Jd'/.vH .... OTQCo^urcov, A demarch from the bed- 
 clothes bites me. The deinarclis were officers elected by the 
 Demes or boroughs of Attica, who had various duties im- 
 posed upon them, such as taking care of the property be- 
 longing to the temples, executing the confiscations within 
 the boroughs, collecting debts due to the boroughs, and 
 keeping registers of the lands. Strepsiades jokingly calls a 
 flea or bed-bug a demarch from the bed-clothes, pursuing 
 him, as it were, and enforcing payment by biting, and drink- 
 ing his blood. For an exact description of the duties of the 
 deraarchs, see Schoman, Assemblies of the Athenians, p. 
 353, seqq. 
 
 42. E'ld' .... 'Aa'/,Kig. This line is a burlesque upon the 
 first line of the Medea of Euripides^ dd' ojipsX' 'AQyovg firj 
 diuTtTuodai oy.dqjog. Frequent allusions are made to the 
 match-makers of Athens ; besides many others, by Xeno- 
 phon, Mem. II. 6, 36, where Socrates repeats an observa- 
 tion ofAspasia, that match-makers are useful to bring peopCe 
 together in marriage^ when they make a good report truly ; 
 hut are of no heneft, when they praise falsely ; for those 
 who have been thus deceived hate each other and the match- 
 maker. See also Becker's Charicles, p. 351, and the au- 
 thorities there cited. Plato, Theaetet. 149, describes them 
 as being all-knowing upon the subject of marriages, and 
 upon the adaptation of the various temperaments to each 
 other. 
 
 In the following lines, old Strepsiades gives a humorous 
 description of his condition before he was encouraged, in an 
 evil hour, to aspire to the hand of a lady belonging to 
 the high and mighty house of Magacles ; he sketches the 
 character of his wife, and points out the comical centrist 
 between her and himself. He was leading a mighty pleas- 
 ant life, dirty, unswept, and careless, with plenty of bees, 
 
106 NOTES. 
 
 and sheep, and olives ; when, in a fit of ambition, and by 
 the agency of the match-maker, he married a great city 
 lady, whose family had been so reduced by the policy of 
 Pericles as to make even such a marriage desirable to the 
 falling house. 
 
 46. Msyaxleovg. The repetition of the name, Megacles, 
 the son of Megacles, is a burlesque upon the pompous way 
 in which the great families of Athens betrayed their sense 
 of their own importance. The family here alluded to was 
 one of the proudest and most aristocratical in Athens. The 
 first Megacles was said to be the son of Cossyra, a woman 
 of distinguished rank and wealth, from Eretria. She was 
 noted among her towns-people for her pride and luxury, 
 and the Eretrians coined a word from her name, KoiavQO- 
 Ofjiai, to play the Cvesyra, that is, to be haughty and ivantoUj 
 to he Ccesyrajied. Fericles and Alcibiades belonged to the 
 great Megacleid family. 
 
 With regard to the use of the name Megacles, Hermann 
 says, with good judgment, — " Quoniam nobili nomine opus 
 erat, usitatum in splendidissima gente Alcmceonidqj-um no- 
 men Megaclis, idque ipso significatu homini nobili congru- 
 um, usurpavit poeta. Eum homiuem si vocavit Megaclem 
 Megaclis filium, fecit id eo ipso consilio, ut non certus qui- 
 dam ex Alcmosonidis, sed aliquis, quicumque, summo loco 
 natus intelligeretur." 
 
 48. tyiiExoiavQ03[ji8vr]v, from >ioiavQ6o[iai (see above), Cce- 
 syrajied. 
 
 52. Kcohddos, revnvXlidog. Two names of Aphrodite, 
 one from the name of a promontory near Phalerum, on 
 which the Persian ships were driven, after the battle of 
 Salamis, and where was a temple in honor of this goddess,, 
 some remains of which still mark the spot ; the other an 
 epithet significant of her office, like that of the Venus Geni- 
 trix at Rome. 
 
 53-55. Ou . . . . OTtadag. The occupation of weaving 
 
NOTES. 107 
 
 or embroidery was one considered not unworthy of women 
 belonging to the highest rank in Greece, from Homer's 
 Penelope down. But the word anaddio, which describes the 
 occupation, is also used metaphorically by the best Greek 
 writers in the sense of to scatter prodigally, to waste. This 
 double meaning gives Strepsiades an opportunity to pun 
 upon the word. The English language does not afford the 
 means of exactly rendering it. Something like it may be 
 found in several colloquialisms ; i. e. 
 
 I will not call her lazy ; no, she spun ; 
 And I would hold this ragged cloak before her, 
 By way of hint, and say, wife, you spin 
 Too much — street yarn ! 
 
 57. Tov .... Xv'/vov, the driiikhig lamp, the lamp that 
 drinks or consumes a o-reat deal of oil. 
 
 58. zIzvq' .... xZw/jV, Come here and he fiogged ; literally. 
 Come hither that you may iceep. This use of the word 
 xP.«/co, Attic y.Xdco, in the sense of to be beaten, is an idiom 
 very often occurring, and scarcely needs illustration. d7,ia. 
 For the general force of the particle, see Kiihner, Gr. Gr., 
 § 315, 3. Here it is emphatic, and expresses, as it were, a 
 remonstrance on the part of the speaker. For a particular 
 analysis of its force in interrogative forms, see Hartung, 
 Yoh I., pp. 306-308, 3. 
 
 59. "Oxi .... dQvallidav, Because you put in one of the 
 thick wicks. For the construction of the genitive, see Matt. 
 Gr. Gr., § 323, b., English translation ; Soph. Gr. Gr., 
 § 191. 
 
 61. 'E{.WL .... rdyaOij. Observe the comic force of the 
 particle, and the ironical application of the epithet to the 
 wife, — To me, that is to say, and this good wife of mine. 
 For the particle hr^, see Kiihner, Gr. Gr., § 315. 
 
 62. 5;/. The particle here signifies /br^ooM. 
 
 63. li .... rovi'ona. To understand this, it must be re- 
 membered that the termination iTZTZog in a name was an indi- 
 
108 NOTES. 
 
 cation of equestrian rank, like de before a French name, or 
 von before a German ; — She was for putting hippos to his 
 nanie^ Xanthippos, Charippos, or Callippides. Obsel've tbe 
 force of tlie imperfect tense. 
 
 0)6. 'EyoD .... (D£i8covidriV, But 1 wanted to call him after 
 I/is prindfather, Phidonides. The name (I^eidcov is formed 
 from q^Eidoixai, to spare. Observe again the force of the im- 
 perfect tense. It was the general custom among the Athe- 
 nians to name the first son after his grandfather, though that 
 was not uniformly the case. Here Strepsiades wished to fol- 
 low the good old Athenian fashion. The naming of a son 
 was the father's business ; but the mother of the promising 
 young gentleman assumes, on account of her superior birth, 
 it may be supposed, to give him a name in accordance with 
 her own notions of gentility. 
 
 G6, G7. Ttcog .... (DudiTiTzldijv, For a time we hept up 
 the dispute ; hut at last we came to a compromise, and called 
 him Phidippides. They made up a name, half patrician 
 and half plebeian, retaining the old grandfather's frugal ap- 
 pellation, and attaching to it an aristocratical termination. 
 All the parts of the name thus compounded are significant, 
 and the whole implies a person disposed to economize in 
 horse-flesh, — just the opposite of the real cliaracter of him 
 who bore it. In this contrast we may suppose the audi- 
 ence found a part of the wit of the present scene. An ex- 
 ample of similar humor occurs in one of the Princess 
 Amelia's German plays (JDer OJieim, The Uncle), where 
 Dr. Lowe's nephew, the young baron, has ennobled the 
 family name Lowe (Lion), by adding to it the chivalrous 
 ending Berg, mountain, thus forming the high-sounding 
 name Lowenberg. 
 
 69. "Oxav .... Ttohv, When you are grown up, and drive 
 your chariot to the city, that is, to the Acropolis, in the pub- 
 lic processions. 
 
 70. ^vaTtS' fjfcoi^, with a xysiis, that is, a long state-robe, 
 
NOTES. 109 
 
 worn only on festal occasions. According to Bottiger, it 
 was an embroidered purple coat. See Becker's Charicles, 
 p. 322, English translation. 
 
 71. (DslXtcog. Phelleus was the name of a hard and 
 rocky region between Athens and Marathon, used chiefly 
 for pasturage. See Lockhart's Athens and Attica, p. 12. 
 Plato, Critias, III. C, speaks of ra (DsXltcog Ttabia. 
 
 73. 'AXV .... lovoig. Some refer the verb iTtddno to 
 the boy. But the construction and sense are better, if we 
 consider it in connection with the wife ; — But she used to 
 fay no heed at all to my words. 
 
 74. A),V .... 'loTjuurcxiv, But she poured a horse passion 
 over my property; that is, she squandered my money by 
 cultivating in him a love of horses. The old man consoles 
 himself by the reflection, that he has found a capital way of 
 mending his affairs, if he can but persuade the young man 
 to adopt it. Of this he entertains some doubts, and accord- 
 ingly proceeds with no little anxiety to wake him in the 
 gentlest manner, calling to him with various endearments, 
 and by tender diminutive names. 
 
 76. daiiioviag, here equivalent to deucedly. The word is 
 used sometimes in a good, sometimes in a bad sense. 
 
 80. (JJsidiTtmdiov. The diminutive of fondness used by 
 old Strepsiades can best be given thus, — Phidippidy ! 
 
 83. A^^ .... iTtmov, Yes, by this equestrian Poseidon, 
 pointing to a statue of the god standing near his bed. 
 
 84. Mri [xoi ys . . . . Inmov (sc. ^inrig), Donit mention this 
 equestrian to me, 
 
 88. "ExaxQeipov .... XQonovg. The verb means literally, 
 to turn inside out, like old clothes ; that is, 3fahe an entire 
 change in your manners as quickly as possible. 
 
 92. '^Oqag .... ro)'Aidiov ; Bo you see that little door, and 
 the small house? "The humble dwelling of Socrates is 
 made to contrast as strongly as possible with the more mag- 
 nificent mansion of Strepsiades. It is entered by a flight of 
 
 10 
 
no NOTES. 
 
 steps downward, in order to convey to the -epectators the 
 idea of an underground cell or cave. Before it, instead of 
 the Apollo Agyieus, we shall perhaps feel justified in plac- 
 ing a little top-fashioned image of earthen ware, meant to 
 represent the new cosmological god of the Socratic School, 
 Dinus." Mitchell. /Jivog, Vortex. 
 
 Voss remarks, — " Socrates had a small house, which, 
 together with the furniture, he valued at five minae. The 
 koppa horse (1. 23) had cost twelve minae. In a similar 
 small house the Socrates of the comedy keeps school ; the 
 real Socrates was not at home through the day, but was 
 strolling about among the gymnasia, and wherever else he 
 met with the greatest number of persons." 
 
 93. bZEoy. A word here expressing impatience, what in 
 the world? 
 
 94. '^v)^av .... (pQavtiarr^Qior, The philosophers and 
 sophists had introduced a set of cant words and affected ex- 
 pressions, which exposed them justly to the poet's satire. 
 The verb (fQOvti^co, to ponder deeply, was one of these, and 
 seems to have been used with infinite repetition, as we may 
 judge by the works of Plato and Xenophon, to express the 
 state of profound philosophical meditation. Mitchell quotes 
 a passage from Plato's Symposium, relating an amusing 
 anecdote of the abstraction of Socrates in his campaign at 
 the siege of Potidaea, which took place about two years 
 before the representation of the Clouds. The philosopher 
 fell into a reverie, one morning, which lasted longer than 
 was quite consistent with military disciplime. " And it was 
 now mid-day, and the men perceived it, and, wondering, 
 said to each other that Socrates had been standing from 
 early morning, meditating something {cpQOVtitsov zi). And 
 at last some of the lonians, when evening came on, took 
 their supper, and, as it was summer time, brought out their, 
 camp-beds, and lay down in the cool air, and at the same 
 time watched to ?ee if Socrates would keep standing through 
 
NOTES. Ill 
 
 the niglit. And he stood until the morning came and the 
 sun rose ; and then, having offered prayers to the sun, went 
 away." 
 
 The word QpQovriati'joiov is an invention of the comic poets, 
 and formed after the analogy of ^ov)j-vti]()iov. Kock calls it 
 Speculatorium. It means the place where philosophical 
 meditation is done, the meditation-shop, the thinking-hall. 
 The w^ord may be written in English phrontistery, like bap- 
 tistery and other like terms. The whole line may be ren- 
 dered, This is the thinking-shop, or phrontisfery, of wise 
 souls. 
 
 96. Tznysvg, an extinguisher. This was a hollow cover 
 of hemispherical shape, placed over the brazier or coal-pot 
 (dvdQuniov)j in which the charcoal fire was made* For a 
 general account of the mode of warming ancient houses, see 
 Becker's Charicles, p. 214; Gallus, pp. 210, 211. 
 
 98. aQ'/vQiov .... dido), if one will but pay them for it. 
 It was notorious that the sophists exacted enormous pay for 
 their pernicious instructions, and that many of them accu- 
 mulated large fortunes. But the charge as applied to Soc- 
 rates was false ; he never received any compensation what- 
 ever from his disciples. 
 
 99. yityovra vr/iuv,- To conquer in speaking; to gain the 
 argument. Instrumental use of the participle, see Kiihner 
 Gr. Gr., § 310. 4. 9. 
 
 100. Ovx .... TOvvo[iaf I dorCt exactly know the namt 
 Strepsiades is afraid to come out with it at once, lest the 
 young man should plumply refuse to have any thing to do 
 with them. In the next line, the poet plays off some of the 
 favorite terms of the philosophers. MsQi[xvo(yoovT(or(d is a 
 comic word, meaning specidative ponderers, or philosophers 
 in a brown study ; and -Aaloi zs y.dyadoi is a favorite expres- 
 sion of Xenophon and Plato ; xuloy.dyadia described the 
 character of a well-educated, high-bred Athenian gentleman. 
 
11<J NOTES. 
 
 Such it was the profession of the sophists to make their dis- 
 ciples. 
 
 102. Al^ol , . , . olda. Phidippides starts at the men- 
 tion of them, Bah ! the rogues, 1 know. In the next sen- 
 tence he refers to some of their fantastic habits, their 
 whimsical austerities, their philosophic paleness, and their 
 aifectation of going barefoot ; they being too intent upon 
 intellectual matters to give any heed to these things. With 
 Socrates, however, these habits, though odd, .were not 
 affected. 
 
 104. xay,o8aiiicov. This epithet of Socrates may be fas- 
 tened upon him in satirical allusion to his dcemon, or the 
 guiding spirit to which he gave that name, and which he 
 declared, warned him of the nature of the actions he was 
 about to perform. 
 
 106. dlqjircov. The rustic ideas of Strepsiades show 
 themselves in the selection of his phraseology. Flour or 
 grain naturally occurs to him as the representative of prop- 
 erty in general. 
 
 107. Tovrcov, the partitive genitive, Of these, i. e. 07ie of 
 these. — 0'/[aad[A.evog, separating yourself from, or, in the 
 cant of the day, cutting. • 
 
 109. (paaiavovg. Some explain this word as meaning 
 horses, from the Phasis ; others, as pheasants ; the latter 
 probably is correct. The word may also allude punningly 
 to sycophants, from qjaivca. Leogoras was a gourmand, fre- 
 quently ridiculed for his love of good eating. 
 
 110. q}i).xaz dvdQcoTZcov. An expression of special fond- 
 ness ; dearest of human beings, my dearest fellow. 
 
 112-115. Ehai .... zddMareQa. The poet here alludes 
 to some of the mischievous opinions taught by the sophists, 
 and especially to the art professed by some of them, of 
 " making the worse appear the better reason " ; of defending 
 any side of any question or cause by the subtilties of 
 
NOTES. 113 
 
 sophistical logic ; of confounding right and wrong by plausi 
 ble and puzzling arguments to prove the uncertainty of all 
 moral distinctions, and by vague generalities, difficult to be 
 denied, and having their counterpart in the extravagances 
 taught by some of the Cloud-philosophers of the present 
 day. Strepsiades is anxious that his son should go to the 
 phrontistery and acquire this art, so as to help him to get rid 
 of his debts (116-118). 
 
 If, then, you '11 go and learn this cheating logic, 
 Of all the debts I owe on your account 
 I '11 never pay to any man a farthing. 
 
 119, 120. Ov/i .... diaxEHvaio^Evog, I could not comply^ 
 for 1 should not dare to look upon the knights with my 
 color ruhbed away. Phidippides refuses, because he would 
 be ashamed to look his genteel friends in the face, with his 
 complexion spoilt by reducing it to the philosophic color. 
 For the use of the optative mdoi[xr^Vy see Kiihner, Gr. Gr., 
 § 260, 3 (4). 
 
 121. Ovx .... tdei, Well, then, by Demeter, you shall not 
 eat of mine ; sdei, from edco, fut. edo^ai, 2 pers. edei. See 
 Soph. Gr. Gr., § 133. 
 
 122. ^vyiog, yoke-horse. The l^vyioi were the two middle 
 horses in a team of four abreast, so called from their being 
 placed under the yoke, ^vyog. 
 
 1 23. 'u4)X .... or/.iag, literally, 7 will drive you out of 
 my house to the crows. A proverbial expression, often used 
 in angry imprecations, as (1. 133) BuDJ tg '/.OQaxag, Go to 
 the crows, just like the English, Go to the devil. 
 
 124. 125. 'u4)X .... q^QOvrioj, But my uncle Megacles 
 will not let me go ivithout a horse. Pll go in and won't 
 trouble my head any more for you. The young nan's 
 thoughts are running upon his horses and the equestrian 
 dignity of his mother's family. He is tired of standing and 
 
 10* 
 
114 NOTES. 
 
 hearing his father talk, and determines to go to bed again. 
 The poet makes him use gjQOVTiw in allusion to the jargon 
 of the philosophers. He rings every possible change upon 
 the word. The tense is the Attic future for cpQOvrioa). 
 
 126. 'u4XV .... nEiGo^ai, But though I'm thrown, 1 will 
 not lie here. A metaphor drawn from the wrestlers. He 
 has been defeated in his plan for his son, but does not mean 
 to despair. As the youth will not become a Phrontist, he 
 wiU try it himself. The poet makes him, satirically enough, 
 pray to the gods for success, before attempting to learn this 
 " new way to pay old debts." 
 
 130. cxivdaXdiLOvg, literally, slivers of wood ; used meta- 
 phorically for subtleties of logic and sophistry, quips and 
 qiiirhs. 
 
 131. 'Irrjtiov, lengthened form of Itiov, I must go. The 
 lengthening of the word gives it a sort of slang turn, = / 
 must go it. After some hesitation the old man is resolved 
 to make the trial, and expresses his resolution by this 
 word. — Ti tavr' s^oyv orQayy8vo[iai, Why thus, or Why 
 then do 1 loiter ? tavz' 'ijinv in this sense is an Attic idiom, 
 of which many examples occur, several hereafter in this 
 play. The old man at length departs, and, knocking at the 
 door Oi' the phrontistery, disturbs the musings of the disci- 
 ples ; one of whom, in a fit of very unphilosophical wrath, 
 tells him (1. 133) to go to the crows, and then asks liis 
 name ; to which Strepsiades replies, with suitable circum- 
 stantiality (1. 134), Phidon's son, Strepsiades, the Gicyn- 
 nian. 
 
 135-137. '^fiadtjg .... t^svQjjixt'vrjr, You ore a clown, by 
 Zeus, who have thus thoughtlessly kicked against the door, 
 and made a 'profound conception that I had just traced out 
 miscarry, ^^{ladr^g, literally, ignorant, unlearned. l^Tzeni- 
 liEQi^vcog, without deep cogitation, like a boor, and not like a 
 philosopher. 
 
"notes. 115 
 
 138. tr]Xov .... d'/nav, for I live afar in the country. 
 Strepsiades is burlesquing a verse of Euripides. For the 
 construction, see Matthite, § 340; Soph. Gr. Gr., § 196. 
 
 139. TO Ttnuy^a rov^r^ii^lco^tvov, the thing that has been 
 made to miscarry. The language here and in the preceding 
 speech of the disciple is a humorous burlesque of the So- 
 cratic idea of the maieutic art, and of the intellectual mid- 
 wife, Avhich the philosopher, himself the son of a woman 
 who practised obstetrics, pronounced himself to be ; and the 
 school is held up,. through most of these scenes, as a place 
 of initiation into profound and mysterious knowledge, con- 
 cealed from all but the disciples. 
 
 141. lya .... oi'toGi. The force of the demonstrative 
 pronoun is adverbial ; for I, here, or I, your man here. 
 
 143. A^oiilaai .... ixvotijQia, Bat these things are to he 
 regarded as mysteries. The ridicule here is directed 
 against the secrets and mysteries that belonged to the inte- 
 rior of the philosophic schools. 
 
 144-147. 'AvriQn .... dq)?j).aro. The Ghasrephon here 
 spoken of was one of the warmest friends and most distin- 
 guished disciples of Socrates. He is often mentioned by 
 Xenophon and Plato. He injured his health by intense 
 study, and the sallowness of his complexion gave Aristopha- 
 nes occasion for several jokes at his expense. He was one 
 of the exiles who returned to Athens on the downfall of the 
 Thirty Tyrants. The philosophical, or rather geometrical, 
 experiment here described contains an allusion to the thick, 
 bushy eyebrows of Chserephon, and the bald head of Soc- 
 rates. It might be repeated any day by the philosophers 
 of modern Athens. 
 
 148. /Jshcotata, Most dexterously. 
 
 151. UsQGr/.ai, Persian sandals; handsome, red sandals, 
 like the Turkish slij^pers of the present times. 
 
 152. dve^sTQei, he set about measuring off. Note the 
 force of the imperfect tense. — to x^qiov, the distance. 
 
116 NOTES. 
 
 153. '52 ... . qiQSvcov, Zeus, what subtlety of the intel- 
 lects ! For the construction of the genitive, see Matt. Gr. 
 Gr., § 371 ; Soph. Gr. Gr., § 194, 2. 
 
 154-155. Ti . . . . cp()6vxic^a ; What would you say, then, 
 if you should hear another deep thing of Socrates ? — av. 
 This particle qualifies some verb to be supplied. For its 
 use in interrogative sentences, see Kiihner, Gr. Gr., § 2 GO, 
 3, c. 
 
 157. *07t6r£Qa .... l/of. The question is stated in a 
 very solemn and philosophical manner, Whether he held the 
 opinion, or Whether he maintained the doctrine. 
 
 159. efxTtidog, the gnat, midge, the same as the 'Acovcoip ; 
 the insect still abounds in Athens. The name is repeated 
 several times in the course of the discussion, for tne pur- 
 pose of heightening the ridicule. 
 
 ICG. ■'i^ . . . . diSTtSQEVfiarog, thrice blessed for the in- 
 ward vision ! that is, intuition of the inside of the gnat. 
 The word is comic, says Passow, as if one should t-ay 
 Darmsichtigheij; for ScharfsichtigJceit, innersight instead 
 of insight. 
 
 167, 1G8. "^ H .... ifiTtidog, Surely y^ a man who sees 
 through a gnafs inside might easily get acquitted in a suit 
 at law. In the legal language of Athens, o c^zmiov was the 
 defendant; d7toq)Svyeiv meant to be acquitted, to escape the 
 penally. 
 
 1 G9. rvc6{A.7]v [ie'ydX7]V, a great philosophical idea. 
 
 17G. Tt . . . . tTtaXain'iGaro ; and what did he contrive for 
 the bread"} 
 
 177-179. Kara .... vc^uXno. These three lin(;s have 
 caused much difficulty among the commentators. The allu- 
 sion in the first line is to the geometricians, who covered a 
 table with fine sand, and on this drew their figures ; in tlie 
 second, the philosopher is represented as taking up a .-mall 
 spit, and then handling a pair of compasses ; and in the 
 third, the scLne suddenly changes, and the disciple makes 
 
NOTES. 117 
 
 him whip away a cloak from the palaestra. It is well 
 known that the pal^estras were a favorite resort of Socra- 
 tes. There, while the young men were practising their 
 exercises, the outside garments were laid aside, and, of 
 course, might easily be stolen. Perhaps the poet is merely 
 ridiculing the philosopher, by making his disciple begin as 
 if he had a great scientific problem of his master'^s to de- 
 scribe, and break oflf suddenly by attributing to him the 
 petty trick of stealing a cloak from the palaestra. Tho 
 rustic would understand but little about the geometry ; bul 
 if the science enabled him to do such tricks, it must be 
 something worth learning, and very much to his purpose, 
 as he wanted to cheat his creditors. But the loss of the 
 supper seems to be forgotten. The disciple, perhaps, did 
 not mean to answer the querist's question in any other way. 
 Bothe says, — " Prcestigiatorum artibus usum fingit person- 
 atum istum Socratem ; nam quemadmodum praestigiatores 
 aliud agunt, aliud agere videntur, sj^peque mira celeritate 
 nihil suspicantibus aliquid vel auferre, vel inserere in sinum 
 Solent; sic ille in palaestra, postquam cinere conspersit 
 abacum, tanquam figuras geometricas descripturus, , velut 
 mutato consilio, veru alicubi arreptum incurvavit, turn rur- 
 sus propositum se tenere fingens circinum in manus sump- 
 sit, mirantibusque spectatoribus, quid sibi vellet, et de his 
 rebus, praesertim insuetis eo loco, inter se colloquentibus, 
 dum minus observatur, pallium aliquod, quo ei opus erai, 
 b. e. non adeo vile ac tritum, ut nuUo pretio futurum esset 
 (OnifiaTiov, non ((luriov) veru impacto, tanquam uncino, ex 
 ipsa palaestra, loco frequentissimo, furatus est, eoque post 
 vendito ccenavit." According to this note, he stole the 
 cloak, and sold it for a supper. Mitchell says, — " The 
 three verses preceding appear upon the whole to be little 
 more than a piece of mere persiflage (and so thinks Wie- 
 land), in which we are not to look for any very connected 
 sense. The scholar, who has hitherto been on the high 
 
lis NOTES. 
 
 ropes about his master, seeing by this time whom he has to 
 deal with, plays off a little wit upon his rustic hearer. 
 This narrative accordingly commences as if Socrates were 
 about to draw upon his abacus or table (previously strewed 
 with dust) some geometrical figures. Instead of a pair of 
 compasses, however, the philosopher takes a small spit, 
 which he works into something like a pair of compasses ; 
 but, instead of drawing a diagram with this instrument, the 
 scholar's narrative suddenly shifts his master into the palaes- 
 tra, where he is described as filching a cloak, the scholar at 
 the same time exemplifying the act by affecting to twitch 
 the cloak from his auditor. Strepsiades, who has been fol- 
 lowing the speaker open-mouthed, expecting some almost 
 magical proceeding on the part of Socrates to procure his 
 scholars a supper, and looking hum! hah! indeed! pro- 
 digious ! sees nothing of the fallacy practised upon his 
 understanding, but breaks out into a strain of admiration at 
 the dexterity of Socrates, ' And to think of Thales after 
 this!'" 
 
 Perhaps it is nothing but a joking way of telling how 
 Socrates cajoled them out of their supper, by fixing their 
 attention upon the figures he was drawing upon the table. 
 " Having spread fine dust over the table, he bent a little 
 spit, and took a pair of compasses, and — — whipped the 
 cloak away from the palcestra." Whipping the cloak from 
 the palaestra may have been, from the circumstances before 
 mentioned, a humorous and proverbial expression for slily 
 cheating one of any thing. A law prescribing the penalty 
 for '' stealing a garment from the Lyceum, or the Academy, 
 or the Cynosarges," &c., is cited by Demosthenes, Contra 
 Timocratem, 736. 
 
 Kock adopts another reading, first proposed by Hermann, 
 dvfidnov instead of OoifidTiov. Offerings were left in the pa- 
 laestra to Hermes ; and the trick charged upon Socrates, 
 according to this reading, is that he filched away a bit of 
 
NOTES. 119 
 
 meat from the palaestra, while the attention of the specta- 
 tors was occupied with a pretended geometrical demonstra- 
 tion. 
 
 180. txeivov .... Oav{idi^o^ev ; that Thales, that is, the 
 great Thales, the famous philosopher, whose name was 
 world-famous. The impatience of Strepsiades to be admit- 
 ted at once into the school is too great to be restrained. 
 
 183. Madr]^im yuQ, For I long to be a disciple, or rather, 
 as the desiderative verb has something of comic force, I'm 
 itching to be a disciple. 
 
 The door is open, and Strepsiades looks In. ^' Every 
 ludicrous situation," says Mitchell, " and attitude, in which 
 a number of young persons could be presented as pursuing 
 their studies, is here to be imagined. This pupil has his 
 head, as it were, in the heavens ; he is contemplating divine 
 entities, and seeing how far Socratic ideas correspond with 
 Pythagorean numbers. That has his head buried in the 
 earth, his heels being uppermost ; doubtless he is searching 
 for fossil remains. A third party content themselves with 
 tracing various diagrams on their abaci, or philosophic 
 tables. All are deadly pale, without shoes, having the hair 
 long and matted, and, instead of the flowing himation, wear- 
 ing the short philosophic tribon. Various articles of sci- 
 ence, globes, charts, maps, compasses, &:c., are strewed 
 about. In the centre of the room, and evidently set apart 
 for some unusual purpose, stands a small litter or portable 
 couch. The scene is completed by two female figures. 
 The one bears a sphere in her hand ; by way of belt, she 
 has part of the zodiac round her v/aist, and her robe-maker 
 has evidently been instructed not to be sparing of suns, 
 moons, and stars in her drapery. As this figure was meant 
 to represent Astronomy, so that, with her compasses in her 
 hand, her robe plentifully figured with diagrams, and the 
 mystic nilometer on her head, is evidently intended for 
 Geometry." 
 
120 NOTES. 
 
 184. tavil .... OrjQia ; what part of the world do these 
 animals come from "^ or, wliat sort of creatures are tliese^ 
 
 186. ToXg .... ^a'Aconxoig, The captives taken from 
 Pylos, the Lacedcemonians 1 mean. The event alluded to 
 in this line was one of the most singular in the Peloponne- 
 sian war. The siege of Pjlos, which was garrisoned partly 
 by Spartan soldiers, had lasted a long time, and the Athe- 
 nians were beginning to be discontented with Nicias, the 
 first of the ten generals. Cleon, the most notorious dema- 
 gogue of the day, seized this occasion to inflame the popular 
 discontent. " He pointed at Nicias, the son of Niceratus, 
 the general," says Thucydides, "being his enemy, and 
 inclined to censure him, declaring that, it would be easy 
 enough, if the generals were men, to sail with an armament 
 and capture the forces on the island, and that he himself 
 would do it, if he had the command." Very unex2)ectedly, 
 he was taken at his word ; Nicias offered to resign, and then 
 Cleon tried to withdraw. " But the more he declined the 
 voyage, and tried to escape from his own words," remarks 
 Thucydides, " the more they, as is customary with a mob, 
 insisted uj)on Nicias resigning the command, and were 
 clamorous for Cleon to sail." So he was finally compelled 
 to submit to the honor which the sovereign people thrust 
 upon him in jest. Putting a bold face upon the matter, he 
 said he was not afraid of the Lacedaemonians ; but with the 
 Lemnians and Imbrians who were present, in addition to the 
 soldiers then at Pylos, he would, within twenty days, either 
 bring to Athens the Lacedaemonians alive, or kill them 
 there. This boast was received by the multitude with 
 shouts of laughter ; but, by an extraordinary series of acci- 
 dents, he was enabled to fulfil his promise, and within 
 twenty days brought the soldiers of the garrison, among 
 whom were about a hundred and 'twenty Spartans, prison- 
 ers to Athens. See Thucydides, IV. c. 27-40, where 
 there is a most able narrative of these events. Their date' 
 is B. c. 425. 
 
NOTES. 121 
 
 A scholiast remarks, with great simplicity, — " It was 
 natural that these men, on account of the fear of captivity, 
 and on account of their having been besieged already many 
 days (seventy-two, according to Thucydides) in a desert 
 island, where they could get no supplies, and, by reason of 
 their having been imprisoned in stocks a long time after the 
 capture, should have become pale, and thin, and filthy." 
 
 192. OvTOi .... Tuoraoov, These are prying into darh- 
 7iess under Tartarus. toE^3odiq)ua), from 8Q2pog, and 8iq>uo3f 
 to search. 
 
 195. l/4)X .... Inirvi^^ But go in (speaking to the 
 scholars who had come out to^ee the new disciple), lest HE 
 fall in icith you here. The pronoun ty.Elvog, he, and in 
 other places avzog, is used by way of eminence, being al- 
 ways understood, when spoken by disciples or followers of 
 a sect, to refer to the master. The Pythagorean avxog iq)a, 
 ipse dixit, he said, that is, Pythagoras said, is well known. 
 
 197. Tf . . . . tjuor, a little matter of my oivn. TtQayiidziov, 
 diminutive of nodyiia. 
 
 200. Tlqog .... HOI, In the name of the gods, vjhat are 
 these things'^ tell me. He points to the images of Astron- 
 omy and Geometry. 
 
 202. Tovr .... xqijGijiov ; What is this good for ? The 
 answer reminds Strepsiades at once of the colonial lands of 
 the Athenians, which played as conspicuous a part in Attic 
 politics as the "public lands " do in our own. The following 
 is an outline of Boeckh's remarks upon this subject. — It 
 was held to be a right of conquest to divide the lands of 
 conquered tribes or nations among the conquerors. The 
 distribution of the land was employed as a caution against, 
 and a penalty for, revolt ; and the Athenians perceived that 
 there was no cheaper or better method of maintaining the 
 supremacy, as Machiavelli has most justly remarked, than 
 tlie establishment of colonies, which would be compelled to 
 exert themselves for their own interest to retain possession 
 
 11 
 
122 NOTES. 
 
 of the conquered countries ; but in this calculation they 
 were so blinded by passion and avarice as to fail to perceive 
 that their measures excited a lasting hatred against the op- 
 pressors, from the consequence of which oversight Athens 
 
 severely suffered Are we to call it disinterestedness, 
 
 when one state endows its poor citizens at the cost of 
 another ? Now it was of this class of persons that the set- 
 tlers were chiefly composed, and the state provided them 
 with arms, and defrayed the expenses of their journey. ]t 
 is nevertheless true that the lands were distributed by lot 
 among a fixed number of citizens ; the principle of division 
 doubtless was, that all who wished to partake in the adven- 
 ture applied voluntarily, and it was then determined by lot 
 Avho should and who should not receive a share. If any 
 wealthy person wished to go out as a fellow-speculator, full 
 liberty must necessarily have been granted to him. Tiie 
 profitableness of the concern forbids us to imagine that all 
 the citizens cast lots, and that those upon whom the chance 
 T^U were compelled to become Cleruchi. The distribution 
 if lands was of most frequent occurrence after the adminis- 
 /ration of Pericles. Pericles himself, and his successors, 
 Alcibiades, Cleon, and other statesmen, employed it as a 
 means of appeasing the needy citizens ; and the fondness 
 of the common Athenians for this measure may be seen 
 from the example of Strepsiades in the Clouds of Aris- 
 tophanes, who, on the mention of the word Geometry, is 
 instantly reminded of measuring out the lands of the Cleru- 
 chi. See Boeckh, Public Economy of the Athenians, Lamb's 
 translation, p. 54G-556. 
 
 204, 205. l^oxeiov .... XQt]oiiiov, 'Tts a capital thing 
 you mention, for the contrivance is hoth republican and 
 useful. 
 
 207. Adi^vat. The disciple shows him a map, and points 
 out Athens on it. The old man, however, humorously says 
 it cannot be Athens, ibr there are no judges to be seeir 
 
NOTES. 12*A 
 
 there. Tlie number of citizens occupied in llie courts of 
 Athens as judges might sometimes amount to six thousand, 
 about a fourth part, as Wieland remarks, of tlie wliole free 
 population of Athens. 
 
 209. 'fig .... yooQLOV, In very trutli, this is the Attic ^ 
 land. 
 
 211, 212. 'H . . . . Ttdvv, This is Euhcen, as you see, 
 stretching along here very far. He points out the ishind of 
 Euboca stretching along the coast of Attica. 
 
 213. 0?5' .... n^Qiyltovg, Yes, 1 hioiv, it icas stretched 
 hy us and Pericles. A joking allusion to the heavy tributes 
 exacted of the Euboeans by the Athenians, after the Chal- 
 cidians and Eretrians had been besieged by Pericles. 
 
 215, 216. '.Q^ .... Ttdvv, How near tis? Use all your 
 philosophy (ndvv qoovtittTE, ponder deeply; the poet is 
 again laughing at the philosophic cant) to remove it very, 
 very far from us. Strepsiades affects to be frightened by 
 the proximity of Sparta to Athens, as seen on the map. 
 The history of the Peloponnesian war, Avhich had already 
 caused the Athenians so much distress, will explain the 
 old mans alarm. 
 
 217. Oiuahoff una. You'll groan, then, that is, so much 
 the ivorse for you, if you can't put it further off. 
 
 218, 219. </Voe . , . .^Q. yw'/.Qareg. Strepsiades now ob- 
 serves a man suspended aloft in a basket. This is accom- 
 plished by means of stage machinery. In great surprise 
 he asks, Who is that man up there in the basket ? The dis- 
 ciple answers, in Pythagorean fashion, ^vxog, He. What 
 he ? says Strepsiades ; and when he is told it is Socrates, he 
 exclaims, with an expression of surprise, calling to the phi- 
 losopher, and standing with admiring look fixed upon him, 
 Socrates I 
 
 220. "Jff .... [liya. This is addressed to the disciple, — 
 Come, you, speak up to Mm for me, loud. But the disciple, 
 his master being present, is too busy to do any such thing. 
 
124 NOTES. 
 
 Whereupon Strepsiades ventures to call him himself, and, in 
 a coaxing style, rendered ludicrous by the diminutive of the 
 philosopher's name, shouts out, ^fi 2!(6xQar£g, 'U J^coy-najidiov, 
 Socrates, Socratidy 1 The reply of the philosopher, from 
 his elevated position, is such as becomes his dignity, — Why 
 callest thou me, creature of a day ? 
 
 225. ^AeQO^atcj .... ijhov. Another sublime speech of 
 the philosopher, and designed by the poet to ridicule a cer- 
 tain class of physical inquiries among the sophists, — 
 
 I mount the air and overlook the sun. 
 
 226, 227. "ETtziz .... z'lTtEQ. For the elliptical use of 
 e'itceq, see Matt. Gr. Gr., § 117,y. Strepsiades touches upon 
 the atheism which was charged upon the sophists, and, play- 
 ing uj^on the words, substitutes vTteoqjQOveTg, you despise, con- 
 temn, for the verb TteoicpQOva, to examine, to oi'erlook. But, 
 on account of the double meaning of overlook, the point may 
 be preserved in English without changing the w^ord : — 
 
 Dost thou, then, fmm the basket overlook 
 The gods, and not from earth, if 
 
 227-230. Ov . . . . ch'Qa. Socrates goes on to give the 
 reason why he has got up into the basket to speculate. The 
 whole passage is a ludicrous embodying in visible represen- 
 tation of the philosophic mode of procedure in inquiries into 
 matter above the earth, ^ettwna TiQayfiata, such as the sun, 
 moon, stars, meteors, clouds, and the like. The speech 
 ends with an amusing turn, in which the poet laughs at the 
 Socratic method of drawing illustrations of moral or phi- 
 losopliic truths from objects of every-day life. Siivei-n 
 (Uber Aristophanes Wolken, pp. 8,9,) justly remarks, — 
 " Socrates, as delineated by Xenophon, was notoriously so 
 far removed from the investigations into the [itTHOoa, i. e. 
 the universe, the heavenly bodies and the atmospiierical 
 phenomena which occupy the master of the ponderers, that 
 he consi lercd it a piece of insanity to surrender one's self, 
 
NOTES. 125 
 
 like Anaxagoras, to their contemplation, because it was im- 
 possible to penetrate to their actual foundation and relations. 
 This belonged originally to the physical school, then, also, 
 to the Eleatics, but was not foreign to the sophists, and 
 among them Prodicus especially is designated as a meteor- 
 ologist by Aristophanes in the Clouds and in the Birds. 
 Aristophanes, therefore, has transferred this, not from those 
 two schools only, but from the philosophers generally of that 
 time, to his thinking-house^ called the q}novTiaT7^nior, as an 
 establishment for such subtilties ; and with such expressions 
 as fi£Qi[ivocfQOVTi6rai\ — which Xenophon resolves into ^^J^i- 
 ftravxa and q^nnrriGrj^v, — ^er8coooGO(f(6'zai, ^mwQocfivav.fc^ 
 ddolioyai, which he uses of the master and disciples, desig- 
 nates the philosophy generally, partly in reference to the 
 subject on which they busied themselves, partly in reference 
 to the mode of speculating and discoursing upon it." 
 
 230. Tov ofAOiov citQa, its kindred air. A reference to the 
 opinion of the Ionic philosophers upon the cognate nature of 
 the soul and air. 
 
 232. ov ycLQ dVJ. An Attic idiom, properly elliptical, for 
 ov ycLQ [iovov rovro dlld, &c., for not only so, but. The 
 idiom, however, may be rendered, for, moreover. 
 
 233. r/.fidda XTJg q^novzidog, moisture of thought. " That 
 Socrates was versed in the writings of Heraclitus is well 
 known ; and to some opinions of that school, as, that a dry 
 soul is best, that the death of intelligent souls arises from 
 moisture, &:c., reference is here probably made." Mitchell. 
 
 236. 'H . . . . adodajia; Strepsiades is utterly confounded 
 by this philosophical rigmarole. " What/" says he, ^' do 
 you say that the thought draws the moisture into the water- 
 cresses ? " 
 
 237, 238. "Idi .... Ih'il.vda, Come, then, Socratidy, come 
 down to me, that you may teach me that for which Vve come, 
 
 239. '^HlOeg .... rt'; You 've come for what"^ This ar 
 ransement of words is often used in interrogations. 
 
 11* 
 
126 NOTES. 
 
 240, 241. 'Tno .... tvexvQa^oiiaiy For 1 am plundered 
 and ravaged hy interest and the hardest creditors, and my 
 property is tahen for security. The phrase ayeiv y.cu (p^'oeiv, 
 to drive and carry, i. e. to plunder, to ravage, is of very 
 ancient origin, and refers to driving away cattle and carry- 
 ing away fruits and other inanimate objects. In process of 
 time its original force was lost, and the whole phrase was 
 used in the simple sense of to plunder. For the construc- 
 tion of za ytyiiyiax lviyy()aXfi^a.i, see Matt. Gr. Gr., § 421, 2. 
 " As, by a peculiar Gra^cism, verbs which in the active take 
 a dative of the person can be referred to this person as a 
 subject in the passive, these verbs in the passive have also 
 the thing in the accusative, whilst in other languages only 
 that which is the object of the active becomes the subject of 
 the passive." See also Soph. Gr. Gr., § 208. 
 
 242. Tlodzv .... yev6[.i£vog ; How did you get into 
 debt without knowing it ? For the various constructions of 
 lavddvsiv, see Matt. Gr. Gr., §552, b; Soph. Gr. Gr., 
 § 225, 8. 
 
 245, 246. Miadov .... Osovg, And, whatever price you 
 may ask me. Til swear hy the gods to pay down. For con- 
 struction of two accusatives, see Soph. Gr. Gr., § 184. 
 
 247, 248. TtQarov .... sari. The word v6{jii(jfia means 
 either an established institution or a coin. It is used here 
 equivocally, referring partly to what Strepsiades has said 
 about paying. Translate, For, first, gods are not a current 
 coin with us. 
 
 248, 249. Tm .... Bvl^avrUp ; By what do you swear ? 
 hy iron coins, as they do in Byzantium ? The allusion here 
 is explained by the following passage from Boeckh's Public 
 Economy of the Athenians, p. 768, 769. "It was similar to 
 the iron money of the Clazomenians, with this difference only, 
 that it was not at the same time an evidence of debt. By- 
 zantium, notwithstanding its favorable situation for com- 
 merce, and the fertility of its territory, was generally in a 
 
NOTES. 127 
 
 miserable condition. The Persian and Peloponnesian wars, 
 tlie wars of Philip, and the alliance with the Athenians, 
 to,!iether with the tributes exacted by the latter, mu.-t have 
 untavorablj affected its prosperity. Willi the barbarians in 
 its vicinity it was engaged in continual contests, and was 
 unable to restrain them, either by force, or by tributes ; and 
 to the other evils of war was added the tantalizing vexa- 
 tion, that, when with much labor and expense they had 
 i*aised a rich crop upon their fertile fields, their enemies 
 destroyed it, or gathered what they had sown ; until at last 
 they were obliged to pay the Gauls valuable preseiits, and, 
 in a later period, a high tribute, to prevent the devastation 
 of their fields. These difficulties compelled the ado[)iion of 
 extraordinary measures, and finally the exaction of the toll on 
 vessels passing the Bosporus, which in Olymp. 140, 1 (b. c. 
 220), involved Byzantium in the war with Rhodes. Among 
 the earlier measures, adopted by them for relieving them- 
 selves from pecuniary embarrassment, was the introduction 
 of an iron coinage for domestic circulation, in order that they 
 might use the silver in their possession for the purposes of 
 foreign trade, for carrying on war, and for tributes. It was 
 current during the period of the Peloponnesian war, and 
 received the Doric appellation sidareos, as the small copper 
 coin of the Athenians received that of chalcu-. Since it 
 was thin and worthless, it appears to have been merely a 
 strong plate of iron, having an impression on one side." . 
 
 251. iiTten tan ye, that is, e^ecn, if it is possible. 
 
 254. Kddi^s .... ay.ijiTroda, Sit down, then, upon the 
 sacred couch. The oyJ^iTtovg was a sort of folding-stool for 
 travellers, invalids, and sedentary persons. Socrates was 
 known to possess such a stool or couch. 
 
 256. ^Em ri artcpavov ; Crown, for what? For tm ti, 
 see Matt. Gr. Gr., § 568, c. 
 
 257. "^Crmo .... dvoETE, DonH sacrifice me lihe Atha* 
 
128 NOTES. 
 
 mas. The construction of this line is purposely confused, 
 to express the alarm experienced by Strepsiades. Soci-ates 
 attempts to place the chaplet upon his head, so as to frighten 
 him. For the construction oi oTtcag ^itJ (^axonei, look out, un- 
 derstood) with the future, equivalent to a negative impera- 
 tive, see Matt. Gr. Gr., § 518, 7 ; Soph. Gr. Gr., § 214, b. 
 The stoiy of Athamas is thus told by a scholiast: — " Atha- 
 mas had two children by Nephele, Phryxus and Helle. De- 
 serting Nephele, who was a goddess, he married a mortal. 
 Nephele, therefore, in a fit of jealousy, flew up to heaven, 
 and afilicted her husband's land with a drought. Atha- 
 mas sent messengers to Apollo to inquire concerning the 
 drought ; and his wife, wishing the death of Phryxus and 
 Helle, bribed the messengers to declare, that the Pythian 
 oracle's response was, that the drought would not cease, 
 unless tliey sacrificed the offspring of Nephele. Athamas 
 then sends for them from the sheepfolds ; but a ram, speak- 
 ing with a human voice, warns them of their threatened 
 death. They fled, therefore, with the ram, and, as they 
 were crossing the strait to Abydos, Helle fell olf and was 
 drowned, and it was called the Hellespont, after her. But 
 Phryxus, riding on the ram, arrives safely in the country 
 of the Colchians, where he sacrifices the ram, gifted by the 
 gods with a golden fleece, to Ares or Hermes ; and, estab- 
 lishing himself there, left his name to the country. But 
 Nephele causes Athamas to suffer punishment for her chil- 
 dren ; lie is brought forward, therefore, with a chaplet upon 
 his head, about to be sacrificed on the altar of Zeus, when 
 he is rescued from death by Hercules. Such is the repre- 
 sentation of Sophocles in his play." 
 
 258, 259. OvK .... TToiovusv, iVt>, hit we do all these 
 things to those who are undergoing initiation. 
 
 260. A^yuv .... naintdli]. XQifAfia, from tqi^co, to ruby 
 something rubbed, polished, &cq. ; hence, metaphorically, u 
 
NOTES 129 
 
 person shilled and polished in any thing, xpczalor, a rattle 
 or hell, and met. a talking person, a rattler. Ttaindlri, fine 
 meal, met. a suhtle fellow, a keen, acute rogue. 
 
 261, 262. ])/« .... '/er/^ao[iai, By Zeus, you will not de- 
 ceive me; that is, What you say about my being made 
 meal of I 'm afraid will be true enough. Upon the 262d 
 line Mitchell says, — " The words are hardly out of the 
 mouth of Strepsiades, when the whole contents of the bag 
 (a mingled mass of fine pebble, tin, and meal) are dashed 
 into his face. Strepsiades sputters and spits, and spits and 
 sputters, till, the intervening obstacles being at last removed, 
 out comes the word TtaiTtdlrj, like a pellet from a pop-gun. 
 But this is not all. Strepsiades turns to the spectators, and 
 part of the freemasonry of the Socratic school is discov- 
 ered ; for the face of Strepsiades, hitherto of a ruddy color, 
 has now assumed the hue of deadly pale pecuhar to that 
 school. Such appears to me the meaning of this difficult 
 passage." 
 
 263. Evq)}]^£Tv, To observe a religious silence. The cere- 
 mony of initiation is now over, and nothing remains but to 
 introduce Strepsiades to the new divinities. The first line 
 is addressed to him ; then Socrates proceeds with a solemn 
 invocation to Air, and Ether, and the Clouds, the deities of 
 the new school. 
 
 266. Tw (fooiTiOT^, to the phrontist. "These words," 
 says a scholiast, " may be understood either of Socrates or 
 the old man ; of Socrates, so that he may be invoking the 
 clouds to appear to him ; or of the old man, since Socrates 
 already counts him among the number of the philosophers." 
 Mitchell says they refer to Strepsiades, " the newly admit- 
 ted member. That the popular voice subsequently fixed 
 the term on Socrates himself may be gathered from the 
 language which Xenophon puts into the mouth of his Syra- 
 cusan juggler, when offended at seeing the guests whom 
 he had been brought to amuse paying more attention to 
 
130 NOTES. 
 
 Socrates than .^o his own sleight-of-hand tricks.'' He theii 
 cites the passage from Xenophon's Symposium to the fol- 
 lowing effect: — -'And these discourses going on, when the 
 Syracusans saw them neglecting his exhibitions, and enter- 
 taining themselves with one another, envying Socrates, he 
 said to him, 'Are you, then, O Socrates, the rejlecter, so 
 called (o qiQOvnar/jg) ? ' ' Better so,' he replied, ' than if I 
 were called the unrejlecting {aopnovxiOTogy ' Yes, unless 
 you were a refiecter (q)QOvtiar/jg) upon things on high (zav 
 fiETEOjQCov).' ' Do you know, then,' said Socrates, 'any thing 
 higher than the gods ? ' ' But, by Zeus, it is not these, they 
 say, that you give your thoughts to, but the most useless 
 
 things But let these things alone, and tell me how 
 
 many flea's feet you are distant from me ; for these are the 
 things, they say, that you apply geometry to.'" Xen. Sym. 
 VI. 6. 
 
 267. MiiTtco. Strepsiades, frightened at the invocation, 
 bawls out, begging the clouds not to appear until he has 
 folded his cloak about him. 
 
 268. To ... . axovTa, Unluchj that I am, to have come 
 from home without my dog-shin cap I For the use of the 
 accusative and infinitive with the neuter article, see Kiihner, 
 Gr. Gr., § 308, R. 2. 
 
 269. r455' ilg tmdeihv, to exhibition before him, that is, 
 before Strepsiades. The following lines are in that high 
 poetic vein, of which no one was a greater master than 
 Aristophanes, when he chose to give free scope to his lyric 
 genius. 
 
 270. iiovopJixoiGi, snow-beaten. 
 
 271. NviJLQpaig, with the Nymphs (Soph. Gr. Gr., § 206), 
 that is, the daughters of father Oceanus, and of Tethys, the 
 same that compose the chorus in the Prometheus Bound. 
 
 272. irtQOioaig^ literally, the outflowings, that is, the 
 mouths. — iQVOHug aQvisaOs TtQOiovoiv, ye draw in golden 
 pitchers. With reg-ard to the places mentioned in these 
 
NOTES. KA 
 
 lines, Botlie observes, — " The poet describes the eartli^ 
 from its centre, where Mount Olympus was believed to be 
 situated, and in four directions, — towards the west, where 
 were the ocean isles, the south, where was the Nile, the 
 north, where was Lake M^eotis, and, finally tlic east, where 
 was Mimas, the highest mountain in Ionia, — not in Thi-ace, 
 as has been supposed;" the same Mimas, probably, that is 
 mentioned in the Odyssey, III. 172 : — 
 
 "H Vnivepde Xioio, reap' f^ve^oevra Mifiavra. 
 
 275. lAtvaoi A^eq)t'lai. " Loud claps of thunder are here 
 heard ; these are succeeded by a solemn strain of music ; 
 after which, a chorus of voices, apparently proceeding from 
 a body of clouds which float about on the side of Mount 
 Parnes. These clouds gradually assume the appearance of 
 females of the most commanding aspect, and subsequently 
 occupy, like other choruses, the orchestra, or empty space 
 between the stage and the spectators." Mitchell. 
 
 After the prayer of Socrates, the clouds summon each 
 other to obey the invocation to assemble, and thus to make 
 their appearance before Socrates. 
 
 27 G. doooEQUV Cfvoiv evdpjxov, dewy^ easy-moving nature. 
 AVith regard to the appearance of the clouds, Welcker re- 
 marks, — " In the uncovered theatre, the chorus was really 
 seen moving along from the side of Parnes, veiled like 
 clouds, directly opposite tne sj^ectators, coming down over 
 the walls, which on both sides shut in a large part of the 
 long stage, and behind which the machinery was disposed. 
 "While they were rapidly and tumultuously shaking off their 
 cloudy veils, and coming forth as women of wondrous dig- 
 nity and beauty, they occupied the orchestra, the empty 
 space between the spectators and the players, and then took 
 the elevated Thymele, in order to speak, by means of the 
 choir-leader, with the actors or the spectators, to whom thej^ 
 alternately addressed themselves." 
 
132 NOTES. 
 
 287-290. \4)X .... yaiav, But let us, having shalcen off 
 the showery cloud from our immortal form, survey the earth 
 witli far-seeing eye. There is some doubt as to the reading 
 of ddavdtag Idt'ag. Some have ddavdraig idmig, and a 
 schoHast mentions the reading ddavdrr]g Idt'ag. The read- 
 ing given in the text is perhaps the best, and the genitive 
 case is constructed with dTtoGeiGdi.ai'Ui, havi?ig shaken off^ 
 from. 
 
 292. "Hiodov .... Osoo^TtTOv; Socrates addresses this to 
 Strepsiades. Oaoat'TtTOV, wortliy of divine loorsJdp, to he 
 reverenced as a god. 
 
 296. dnnQ .... ovroi. The poet makes Socrates alhide 
 satirically to the comedians in these words. TQvyodafnorsg. 
 This ludicrous epithet was compounded in imitation of the 
 y^axodaijiovsg, applied by the comic poets to Socrates and his 
 fellow-philosophers. It means literally (tQv^, dcuiioreg) lees- 
 dcemons, and refers to the comic actors daubing their faces 
 with the lees of wine. 
 
 297. iitya .... doidaTg, for a great sivaiin of goddesses 
 is in motion with their songs. 
 
 299. IlaQdtvoi on^QocpoQOi. " After a preluding strain of 
 music, the voices of the chorus are again heard, but they 
 themselves are not yet visible." Mitchell. 
 
 300. XiTtaQCtv ydova. UaV.ddog, the fair land of Pallas, 
 Pindar called Athens XiTZanal y,ai doidifioi, 'Ellddog tQSio^ia, 
 aXeivcu l^Otjvai, illustrious Athens, fair and famous, the prop 
 of Greece. 
 
 302. aoo/yTcor leQav, the unspeakable, sacred rites, that is, 
 the Eleusinian mysteries. 
 
 303. Mvarodo'/.og d6[Aog. " Sacellum templi Eleusinii, in 
 quo initiatio fiebat." Schutz. 
 
 304. dvadaixvvrai, is throivn open. 
 
 308. Kai .... IsQcoTatai, and the most sacred pi-ocessions, 
 in honor of the immortals. 
 
 309-313. Evartcpavoi . . . . avXojv, And loell-croicned feS' 
 
NOTES. 133 
 
 tivals and banquets in all the seasons, and, at the coming 
 spring, the Bromian joy, and the rivalries of harmonious 
 choruses, and the deep-resounding music (literally, Muse) 
 of jiutes. This choral song is a beautiful description of the 
 festivities and poetical amusements of the Athenians. No 
 city of ancient times equalled Athens in the variety, taste, 
 and splendor of its entertainments, its processions, its cyclic 
 dances, and its Dionysiac exhibitions. These last were the 
 most remarkable of all, as being the occasions which pro- 
 duced the masterpieces of the Attic tragic drama, the works 
 of ^schylus, Sophocles, and Euripides. These exhibitions 
 are meant by the Boo\iiQi y/wig, at the coming of spring, the 
 greater Dionysiac festival taking place at that season of the 
 year. See Panegyricus of Isocrates, p. 15, Felton's edi- 
 tion, and note, p. 79. 
 
 Mr. Wordsworth, the elegant author of " Athens and 
 Attica," makes the following remarks : — " Aristophanes, in 
 his play of the Nej)hel£e, brings his goddesses, the Clouds, 
 from the heights of Mount Parnes, when, in compliance 
 w4th the invocation of Socrates, they descend to visit the 
 earth. Quitting their aerial station on this lofty mountain, 
 they soar over the Athenian plain, and floating across the 
 peaked hill of Lycabettus, at the north-east extremity of the 
 city, and above the town itself, and the rock of the Acropo- 
 lis, they fly over the Parthenon, and at last alight on the 
 stage of the theatre on the south side of the citadel. Be- 
 fore they commence their flight, they join their voices in a 
 choral strain, replete w4th poetical beauty, which furnishes 
 conclusive evidence that the poet who composed it might 
 have been as distinguished for lyrical as he was for his 
 dramatic excellence ; that, in a w^ord, he might have been a 
 Pindar, if he had not been an Aristophanes. 
 
 " While listening to the beautiful language and melodious 
 harmony of this song, the audience might almost imagine 
 itself to be placed in the same elevated position as was oc- 
 
 12 
 
134 NOTES. 
 
 cupied by those wlio united in giving it utterance ; and 
 thence it might seem to contemplate all the noble and fair 
 spectacles which they there see and describe. Together 
 with the chorus of the Clouds, it might appear to look down 
 upon the objects of which they speak as then visible to 
 themselves : to see the land of Pallas stretched out before 
 them, and the lofty temples and statues of Athens at their 
 feet ; to trace the long trains of worshippers in festal array 
 going over the hills to the sacred mysteries of Eleusis ; to 
 follow the sacred processions winding through the streets to 
 the Acropolis of the Athenian city ; to witness the banquets 
 and sacrifices on solemn holidays ; to behold the crowds 
 seated in the theatre at the beginning of spring, and view- 
 ing the dances and listening to the melodies which there 
 '5'ave an additional charm to that season of festivity and 
 joy." Pictorial Greece, pp. 87, 88. 
 
 316. fjLErdXai, .... aQyoTg, great goddesses for idle men, 
 that is, the philosophers and sophists, whose pursuits the 
 poet would represent as idle and useless. " '^qjtXifLOi roTg 
 (IvOqcottcov a7tQay,roig • at jaQ aQjoi y.Ep]va6iv eig rag NE(fihig,'^ 
 says the Scholiast. 
 
 317, 318. AiTtEQ .... nardXtiipiv. In following out his 
 purpose of ridiculing the philosophers, the poet makes Soc- 
 rates ascribe to the clouds the faculties and arts which the 
 sophists professed to ascertain and to cultivate. He ludi- 
 crously mingles up philosophical terms with the cant of the 
 jugglers. yv(6y.7]Vj thought, didle^iv, the art of discussion by 
 question and answer, or dialectics, — an art carried to its 
 highest perfection by Socrates, vovv, used in a variety of 
 philosophical senses, but all traceable to the general idea of 
 intelligence, or the intelligent principle, as distinguished from 
 matter, rtnateiav, the wondrous art, the art of dealing loith 
 supernatural things, jugglery, witchcraft, the black art. 
 TtBQile^iv, the art of talking round and round a subject ; a 
 gloss explains, EVTtOQia Koi 7t8Qt.tt6Tr]g loycov, abundance and 
 
NOTES. loo 
 
 superjiuity of words, the wordy art. 'AQOvaiv, literally, a 
 hlouj, a stroke upon vessels to ascertain Avhcther tliey are 
 cracked, hence a proof, a test, also the touch of a musical 
 instrument ; perhaps, here, playing upon the mind, cliea.t- 
 inrj ; the same idea that is expressed in Hamlet's dialogue 
 with Guildenstern : — 
 
 " Hamlet. Will you play upon this pipe 1 
 
 " Guildenstern. My lord, I cannot. 
 
 " Uam. I pray you. 
 
 " Guil. Believe me, I cannot. 
 
 "Ham. I do beseech you. 
 
 " Guil. I know no touch of it, my lord. 
 
 "Ham. 'T\s as easy as lying; govern these ventages with your 
 finger and thumb, give it breath with your mouth, and it will discourse 
 most eloquent music. Look you, there are the stops. 
 
 " Guil. But these cannot I command to any utterance of harmony ; 
 I have not the skill. 
 
 " Ham. Why, look you now, how unworthy a thing you make of 
 me ! You would play upon me; you would seem to know my stops ; 
 you would pluck out the heart of ray mystery ; you would sound me 
 from my lowest note to the top of my compass ; and there is much nuisir, 
 excellent voice, in this little organ; yet cannot you make it speak. 
 S'blood, do you think I am easier to be played on than a pipe ? Call 
 me what instrument you will, though you can fret me, you cannot play 
 upon me." Hamlet, Act III., Sc. 2. 
 
 y.ard/.riWiv, comprehension, skill in getting hold of any thing. 
 from xuTula^^urco. In the " Knights," Aristophanes de- 
 scribes a rhetorician thus : — 
 
 'EvvepKTiKog yap kari kol Trepavriicog, 
 
 Kal yvcjfiorvKtiidg, kol Gadrjg aal KpovariKog, 
 
 KaTaXijitTCKOQ r' upcara rov dopvjSTjTiKOv. 
 
 319-322. TavT .... Imdvfioj. Tavx, an Attic construc- 
 tion for bia ravxa. Strepsiades breaks out in a strange flood 
 of words, as if in a fit of inspiration, ninoxr^tai, has soared 
 aloft. ).a7tzo).oy£iv, to discuss sublilely, to split hairs, 
 
 " to distinguish and divide 
 A hair 'twixt south and south-west side." 
 
136 NOTES. 
 
 6rero7^8GX^i^) nearly the same as the last, to argue subtilehj, 
 Kal p'03^ud}a>. This line is supposed by Wielaud to reler 
 to the maimer in which Socrates was accustomed to manage 
 his philosophical discussions with the aid of his celebrated 
 irony (called by an old English writer dry mock), by which 
 he opposed the opinions or maxims of the philosopiiers 
 {yvwuag) with doubts and questions (rvoj^idLOig), which, as 
 it were, stuck them through. Strepsiades is so much excited 
 by this new enthusiasm, that he longs to see the inspiring 
 goddesses in bodily form. 
 
 323. TTQog rr^v Tlaqvr^d^ towards Parnes, a mountain in 
 Attica, in sight of the spectators at the theatre. It is situated 
 northward from Athens, and now bears the name of Casha. 
 The situation of the great Dionysiac theatre, as is well 
 jinown, was at the south-east corner of the Acropolis. In a 
 i-esidence of some months at Athens, I was almost in the 
 daily habit of visiting a spot, which suggested so many lit- 
 erary and poetical reminiscences ; and as I passed round the 
 corner of the Acropolis, my eye always rested upon the dis- 
 tant heights of Parnes. I seldom saw the summit without 
 a mass of delicate, silvery clouds resting upon it, which 
 brought to mind the beautiful choruses of this comedy. It 
 is beyond a doubt, that this daily sight suggested to Aris- 
 tophanes the airy graces, with which this piece abounds ; 
 and as the actor spoke the words, he might behold from the 
 extremity of the stage — the theatre being open to the sky — 
 through the pure transparency of the Attic atmosphere, the 
 floating vapors, easily transformed by the imagination into a 
 band of lovely maidens, moving like goddesses down from 
 the slopes of the mountain, and passing over the olive-cov- 
 ered valley which lay between. See note to 309-313. 
 
 324, 325. XoiQOva^ .... nldyiai. The editors have found 
 some difficulty with this sentence on account of the repe- 
 tition of the pronoun avrca. Mitchell says, — " Socrates is 
 here to be considered as pointing out to Strepsiades the 
 
NOTES. 137 
 
 course which the clouds are taking ; these coming through 
 the hollows between two hills {y.oila) and shrubberies 
 (daat'a) ; those proceeding sideivays (Ttldyiai), till he brings 
 them to the £ioo8og, or place where the chorus entered the 
 part of the theatre appropriated to them." Bothe assigns 
 part of the sentence to Strepsiades, altering the pronoun to 
 avrai; so that Strepsiades is made to ask, (D^qs, nov, del^ov, 
 y^coQova' avrai; and remarks with regard to the common 
 arrangement, " Quid sibi velit bis positum, avtai, nemo ex- 
 putaverit." It seems to me the words will not bear the 
 meaning put upon them by Mitchell. They clearly are 
 not used by Socrates to indicate separate bodies of clouds 
 approaching. There is no difiiculty in supposing Socrates 
 to be watching their course, and pointing them out to 
 Strepsiades as they move along; repeating the demonstra- 
 tive pronoun (used, according to a very common idiom, ad- 
 verbially), because Strepsiades, though looking hard, could 
 not see them at first at all. According to this view, the 
 common reading is the correct one, and its explanation 
 natural and easy. Translate, therefore. There they come, 
 very many, through the hollows and the thickets ; (don't you 
 see ? ) there, winding their way along. For the second 
 avxai, see Soph. Gr. Gr., § 163, n. 2. 
 
 325. Ti TO XQW^ > ^hat 's the matter with me ? 
 
 326. TlaQO. rrjv eiaodov, By the entrance. The Ei'oodog was 
 a passage at the side of the theatre, leading into the orches- 
 tra, through which the chorus having entered, arranged 
 themselves for the choral chant and dance. — "Hdtj .... 
 ovroog, Ah, now Ijust see them, so. 
 
 327. €t . . . . 'Aolo'/.vvratg. The scholiast explains, — " el 
 firj Irj^ag rj[sig tv ro7g ocpdaliioTg fieydXag cog 'Aolo'/.vitag • h'^i-trj 
 di tori, ro Tt^Ttriyog dd'AQVOv," — unless you have rheum-drops 
 in your eyes as hig as gourds. 
 
 328. Nil .... yiartiovoi. Bothe very unnecessarily as- 
 signs the worfls navra yaQ t'ldri y.art'/^ovai to Socrates, for the 
 
 12 * 
 
13S NOTES. 
 
 reason that "Minus apte haec verba leguntur sub persona 
 Strepsiadis, aspectu Nubium deiixi ; subjicit Socrates ratio- 
 nem, cur jam fieri non possit, quin senex conspiciat Nubes." 
 But the words naturally belong to Strepsiades. Socrates 
 has already told him that he cannot help seeing them, unless 
 he is as blind as a bat ; and Strepsiades replies, Yes, to he 
 sure, and then breaks into a direct address to them, — 
 much Jionored Clouds! — to he sure I see them, for they Jill 
 up every thing. 
 
 330. Ma /li\ This form implies a negation, No, by 
 Zeus. 
 
 331-334. Ov . . . . 110V60710WV61V. The poet is here ridi- 
 culing the whole body of charlatans, in divination, medicine, 
 music, and poetry. Aristophanes was a great conservative, 
 and looked with the keenest contempt upon all the innova- 
 tions which the fashions of his age were introducing to pop- 
 ular favor. The vices of the sophists were pervading every 
 department of Attic life and art. Pretended philosophers 
 were teaching atheistic paradoxes ; the authors of the cyclic 
 choruses and the lyric poets generally were introducing a 
 forced, quaint, and affected style, clothing commonplace or 
 exaggerated thoughts in fantastic phraseology, like some of 
 the new-school poets of the present age ; the musicians 
 were throwing aside the severe and simple strains which 
 braced up and strengthened the souls of the heroes who 
 fought at Marathon, and substituting in their place an effem- 
 inate and corrupting musical mannerism, under which the 
 youth of Athens were becoming voluptuous and feeble ; jug- 
 glers and quacks of every description were pouring their 
 debasing influences upon the democracy of Atliens, under- 
 mining the virtue of the people, and preparing them for the 
 ruin which speedily overtook the state in the war with 
 Sparta, and afterwards in the conflicts with Macedonia. 
 QovQiondvteig, Thurian soothsayers. The poet alludes here 
 to the Athenian colony sent out, b. c. 444, to settle near the 
 
NOTES. 139 
 
 ancient Sybaris. The soothsayer Lampon was placed at 
 the head of the expedition ; according to Diodorus, he was 
 honored with the privilege of a seat at the table of the Pry- 
 taneum, — " eTV)^s ds nai tTJg tv nnvravaio) om^OECog." This 
 privilege was granted only to the most distinguished men. 
 It is this circumstance that gives a point to the poet's satiri- 
 cal allusion. iutQorr/vag, doctor-mHists, quacks. Like Mo- 
 liere, the most illustrious comic poet of modern times, Aris- 
 tophanes seems to have had a great antipathy to medical 
 men. He alludes in this passage, probably, to Hippocrates, 
 to whom and to whose descendants the privilege of the Pry- 
 taneum w^as granted by the Athenians. aqjoayidow/anyO' 
 y.ofitjtag. This amusing compound is thus explained in the 
 Etymologicum Magnum : — "6 acroiTog, Ttanci 'AQioxocpdvu * 
 ano rov aqjQayig ycal orv^ xal dgyog acu y.6fiTj, oiovei og q^t'osi 
 Toi'g da>iTiOJovg utjQi t(xiv ovvj^wv, y.cu og dnyog Ion y.ai yo[.i- 
 drai." A dissolute person, one who wears rings down to 
 his finger-nails, is lazy, and has long hair. Yoss made a 
 German equivalent, Ringjingerigsclilendergelochvolk^ ring- 
 f.ngeredlazylonghairedfolk. Kvy.liav ts /o/^go)^'. " Circular 
 dances, which on festive occasions were performed round the 
 altar of a god with an accompaniment of song. As dances 
 of this kind originally belonged to the Bacchic festival, tite 
 cyclic dance and the Bacchic dithyramb bear nearly the 
 same meaning. Hence, y.vyJuodiddoy.al.og (Av. 1403), a poet 
 who teaches his dithyrambic strains for some public exhibi- 
 tion." Mitchell. aoiiaroy.d^TZtag, song-tivisters. The poet 
 designedly uses these sesquipedalian words to ridicule the 
 pomp and unmeaning bombast of the fashionable style intro- 
 duced by the dithyrambic composers. Voss remarks, — 
 " Their formerly simple, vigorous, choral style of music Avas 
 lost in fustian and artificial flourishes." He alludes specially 
 to Cinesias, Philoxenus, and Cleomenes. fierecoQOCfh'ay.ugy 
 meteor-jugglers, or star-gazers. (lOvaoTioiovGiv, celebrate in 
 verse. This whole passage is a very ingenious satire upon 
 
140 NOTES. 
 
 the absurdities introduced into music, poetrj, and literary- 
 style in general, in the time of Aristophanes. A satirical 
 poet of equal powers might find the materials for a similar 
 comedy in the affectations which have of late been foisted 
 upon the English language by the writings of a class of 
 whimsical and euphuistic authors who have met with some 
 favor under the shelter of Mr. Carlyle's example. 
 
 331. Sqq. The classes of impostors mentioned here, and 
 the still more numerous classes satirized in the Birds, show 
 how easily imposed upon were the people of Athens, not- 
 withstanding their general intellectual culture. In this, as 
 in so many other respects, a parallel might be drawn be- 
 tween the Athenian and the American people — especially 
 the New Englanders. Among us there is a general activity 
 of mind, which, while it has its great and undeniable advan- 
 tages, has also its dark side. The active, excited state of 
 mind, which now exists among the descendants of the Puri- 
 tans, by no means necessarily implies the prevalence of a 
 sound common sense. On the contrary, it lays whole classes 
 of honest people open to the arts of the impostor in a pecul- 
 iar degree. For this same excited condition of the mind, 
 without careful training in the habit of rigid accuracy 
 of observation, and the most truthful report of the things 
 observed, is far from guarding us against all kinds of 
 illusions of the senses ; all kinds of false reasonings upon 
 facts assumed without proof, and fatal errors on the most 
 important subjects. 
 
 Ingenious as were the impostors in Athens, they never 
 ventured on such a bold experiment with the popular 3re- 
 dulily as have the American Spiritualists. The writing 
 mediums, the trance mediums, the consulting mediums, who 
 have played so weird a game for several years past, with 
 the weaknesses of men and women, find no representatives 
 of their names in the copious vocabulary of imposture 
 which Aristophanes wielded with such telling effect. Ludi- 
 
NOTES. 141 
 
 crous as is the picture of the Phrontisterion exhibited in 
 the Clouds, even the wit of Aristophanes cannot make it 
 half so ridiculous as the session of a " circle " of Spiritual- 
 ists round a table, while the long-legged and vulgar mjsta- 
 gogue passes drums, hand-bells, musical instruments, and 
 other things equally wonderful, round the ring of weakling 
 men and women, who surrender themselves, hand and foot, 
 to the most puerile imposture that ever discredited the 
 human mind. It needs a genius like that of Aristophanes 
 to lash this modern follj and cheat, until men, women, and 
 children shall be ashamed to acknowledge they were for a 
 moment taken in by its shallow juggleries. 
 
 The dithyrambic poets, parodied in the reply of Strep- 
 siades, must have been a good deal like Mr. Thomas L. 
 Harris, whose " archetypal ideas," we are told by the highest 
 authority, " were internally inwrought by spiritual agency 
 into the inmost mind of the medium, he having at that time 
 passed into a spiritual or interior condition. From that 
 time until the fourth of August, fed by continual influxes 
 of celestial life, these archetypal ideas internally unfolded 
 within his interior or spiritual self; until at length, having 
 attained to their maturity, they descended into the externals 
 of the mind, uttered themselves in speech, and were trans- 
 cribed as spoken by the medium, he by spiritual agencies, 
 being temporarily elevated to the spiritual degree of the 
 mind for that purpose, and the external form being ren- 
 dered quiet by a process which is analogous to physical 
 death." 
 
 Such was the origin of the " Lyric of the Morning 
 Land." I take, quite at random, a few lines from that im- 
 mortal work, as the best possible illustration of the dithy- 
 rambic spirit, which Aristophanes satirizes : — 
 
 " I see a cataract of crimson fire, 
 
 As if a world were melted into flame. 
 
142 NOTES. 
 
 Poured from the hollow sky, 
 
 Falling tumultiiously, 
 
 And spreading as it rolls, 
 "With music like the utterance of all souls 
 
 Into ten thousand, thousand worlds again, 
 
 And all the drops blown into fiery suns. 
 And all the sparkles, whirling from the pyre 
 Are planet-guided spheres and horizons." 
 
 Now, if the Athenian dithyrambists ever equalled the sub- 
 limity of this passage, the fact has escaped my researches. 
 
 335-339. Tavz' .... y.i)[7]ldv. The poet is here intro- 
 ducing and ridiculing the twisted and forced expressions of 
 some of the Doric dithyrambic poets. Tavr\ i. e. dia ravra^ 
 a common Atticism, ^or this reason. tTZOiovv, they poetized, 
 in such language as follows: — vygav N^zcpsXdv orQUTtraiyldv 
 dd'iov OQi^dv, the violent rush of the watery, lightning -whirling 
 clouds. There is some dispute as to the meaning of aroE- 
 maiyXdv ; according to some it should be rendered light- 
 turning, or light-obstructing, that is, darkening the liglit of 
 the sun. Passow gives it the other meaning, and evidently 
 makes it to agree with oQfidv; if so, it should be accented 
 aroETttaiylav. This was the understanding of the scholiast, 
 and the reading is adopted by Bothe ; and another scholiast, 
 quoted by him, states that this reading was found in the 
 older copies. But the reading in the text is mentioned by 
 the scholiasts, and approved by Hermann, Invernizius, and 
 Dindorf. The expressions in the following line are also 
 quotations ; Ttload^ovg, &c., the locks of the hundred-headed 
 Typhon. JEschylus (Prom. Vinct. 352-354) calls the same 
 mythological monster 
 
 " 6aiov T£pag, 
 ''EnaToyKapyjvov .... 
 Tv(pC)va dovpov, ttuglv og uvearrj Oeolg." 
 
 7r.Q7][.i(m>ovaag rs Ovillag, the hotly hlounng tempests. In the 
 following line there is some question what the feminine 
 
 \ 
 
NOTES. 143 
 
 adjectives, ccEoiag, diSQag, belong to. Mitchell points the line 
 so as to make these two words a separate quotation, aerial 
 Jliiid. Kuster says, — " sed non multum nobis laborandum 
 puto de d/.olovdia et sensu totius loci hujus. quippe qiiera 
 jioeta ex vocibus et phrasibus dithyrambicis, bine inde 
 sumptis, contexerit, ut indicaret canora et tumida Dithyram- 
 bicorum carmina saepe sensu et connexione carere." Upon 
 which an excellent judge of the comic style remarks, — 
 " Kuster is right. The comedian is quoting from the lyric 
 poets without intending to favor us with any sense." Some 
 refer these words to Neq:s).ag. Others, as Brunck, Her- 
 mann, Schiitz, and Bothe, read ueQiovg dieQOvg, making them 
 agree with olcovovg. In the one case, the line is to be trans- 
 lated, Then the aerial, liquid (clouds), the croolced-clawed, 
 air-swimming hirds. In the other, applying all the epithets 
 to birds. The aerial^ liquid, crooked-clawed., air-swimming 
 hirds. The next quotation is "O^^oovg .... A'£q;£/.dr, The 
 showers of icaters from the dewy clouds. The conclusion 
 shows how the clouds supported all these characters. Then^ 
 in return for these things, they gulped down slices of excel- 
 lent large midlets, and the hird-flesh of thrushes. Mitchell 
 says, — "This verse is evidently a quotation from some 
 Doric poet, not improbably Epicharmus, Avhose dramas are 
 continually cited by Athenaeus for articles of food, more 
 jDarticularly his ^ Fa '/.cCi OuXdcarj,' and his ' Hebes Nuptial.* 
 A scholiast says that the w^hole passage refers to the 
 dithyrambic poets, w^ho were feasted by the Choregi (i. e. 
 those who defrayed the expense of the entertainment,) and 
 those who supped in the Prytaneum." 
 
 340. /lid .... dr/.aiaig ; An elliptical sentence ; literally, 
 And on their account not justly ? that is, as explained by a 
 scholiast. Were they not justly held worthy of this honor and 
 of these feasts, on account of what they had written about the 
 clouds ? Seager, however, divides the line differently, zJid 
 usitoi tdo8' ' ovyi dr/.aicag ; It is indeed on their account ; 
 
144 NOTES. 
 
 and is it not justly ? — n TtaOovaai is an idiomatic expres- 
 sion, like Ti ixcov, ti iiadav, literally, having expeviencea 
 ivhat'^ that is, how is it that% 
 
 342. t'AEivai, they, that is, the clouds in the shy. 
 
 343. ^'{"^aaiv, for toUaaiv, resemUe. — eQioiGiv 7t£7tTai-i8voiai^ 
 spread Jleeces, perf. pass, of Ttaravvv^i. 
 
 344. avzcu .... tiovaiv, hut these have noses. " The 
 chorus of Clouds have entered wearing masks with large 
 noses," says a scholiast. This would be necessary, to make 
 them appear of just proportion to the more distant spectators, 
 while to Strepsiades they would seem to be huge protuber- 
 ances. 
 
 The passage commencing with 1. 346 will remind the 
 reader of the dialogue between Hamlet and Polonius. 
 
 ^* Hamlet. Do you see yonder cloud, that's almost in shape of a 
 camel ? 
 
 "Polonius. By the mass, and 't is like a camel indeed. 
 "Ham. Methinks it is like a weasel. 
 " Pol. It is backed like a weasel. 
 " Ham. Or like a whale. 
 " Pol. Very like a whale." 
 
 349. "^vQiov .... tovtcav, A wild one of these shaggy fel- 
 loivs. The word ayqiog is often used in the sense of dehauched, 
 licentious, just as in English we call a rakish person a wild 
 fellow. According to a scholiast, the son of Xenoph antes 
 here alluded to was Hieronymus, a dithyrambic poet. The 
 clouds are represented as likening themselves to centaurs, in 
 derision of these shaggy gentlemen. 
 
 351. ^i^cova. Of the Simon here spoken of a sclioliast 
 says, — "He was a sophist of that time, and somewhat dis- 
 tinguished in public affairs. Eupolis mentioned him al;^o in 
 his " Cities," and charged him with the same crimes in these 
 words, — " He pilfered money from Heraclea." 
 
 353. TavT, i. e. /iia ravra. The Cleonymus here sati- 
 rized was frequently made the butt of the comic poets lb* 
 
NOTES. 145 
 
 his cowardice, and for having thrown away his shield in bat- 
 tle. This of course rendered him infamous. 
 
 355. KliziGdivrj. The Clisthenes here spoken of was a 
 noted debauchee of the times, and is elsewhere ridiculed by 
 Aristophanes. 
 
 356-359. Xainexs .... XQrj^eig. The clouds have now 
 arranged themselves, and Strepsiades, as if again inspired, 
 addresses them in a very lofty style. They ve-plj first to 
 him, and then turn to Socrates again. And thou, too, priest 
 of subtlest trijles, say, what wouldst thou, with us now ? 
 
 3G1. IlQodi'/.cp. A philosopher from Ceos, and a contem- 
 porary of Socrates. He is mentioned in the " Birds," and 
 in a fragment of the '' Tagenistoe." He is spoken of as 
 charging an enormous price for his instruction. 
 
 362, 363. "Oil .... omvonQOGcon^lg. "In Symposio Pla- 
 tonis, ubi Alcibiades narrat qualem se Socrates militiae ges- 
 serit et quomodo, caeteris Atheniensibus, quum apud Delium 
 victi essent, fugientibus, ipse recesserit, ad Comicum nos- 
 trum, qui in illo convivio aderat, se convertens Alcibiades 
 dicit : tTzeiza ^ixoiys tdo'/.H, oj ^^oiGTOCfavEg, to gov dq tovto, 
 Tial ty.et diaTZOQSvsGdaL MGTreQ '/.avdade, ^Q8vdv6(i£vog y.ai tco 
 oq)6a).{i(o Ticwc/.^dD.cov, magnifice inambulans et oculos hue 
 illuc circumferens." Bergler. This is the passage to which 
 Mitchell alludes: — " This description of his great master's 
 exterior (done, no doubt, to the life) did not escape Plato, 
 but he adverts to it with the utmost good-humor." ^qzvOv- 
 ofiai means to demean one's self proudly and hauglitily, to 
 throw the hreast forward, to strut. Tcoq>da).n(o naoapduMg. 
 "Male interpres, circumfersque oculos. Sensus est, oUiquis 
 oculis alios intueris ; more scilicet hominum superborum, 
 qui recto vultu aliquem aspicere dedignantur." Kuster. A 
 scholiast says, — " It is a characteristic of the haughty not 
 to keep their look fixed upon the same point, but to move it 
 up and down, and to turn it hither and thither." Upon the 
 habits of Socrates, Mitchell thus comments : — "If any man 
 
 13 
 
146 NOTES. 
 
 in Athens had by his prodigious talents the pow(^r of placing 
 at his feet the wealth, the honors, and the pleasures of that 
 clever but giddy metropolis, it was unquestionably the son 
 of Sophroniscus ; but, from the commencement of his ca- 
 reer, he had evidently determined that it should be other- 
 wise. Unlike the fashionable and grasping sophists, he had 
 resolved that all his instructions should be almost, if not en- 
 tirely, gratuitous ; unlike them, instead of carrying philoso- 
 phy into the mansions of the wealthy, he had determined to 
 carry it among artisans and laborers, — into shops and hov- 
 els, — into the agora and the palaestra, — at all hours and 
 all seasons. And how was he to be supported in an enter- 
 prise at once so new and so laborious ? Pay he would not 
 receive, — private fortune he had none ; his only resource 
 was to make himself independent of circumstances, by 
 adopting the mode of life described in the text; and this he 
 did cheerfully and unflinchingly. And what was the result? 
 Such blessings as all the treasures of the bloated fophists 
 could not have purchased, — a frame of body which disease 
 never reached, and a tone of mind superior alike to the 
 fear of man ■ and the fear of dea-th." " x«g)' )]iiiv a^^ivonno- 
 acoTtsT^', et nohis fretus swpercilium tollis ; vel gravitatcm 
 quamdam et fastosum viiltum j)r<E te fers" — Kuster. 
 
 oG4. zov (fidt'Y[Aarog, genitive of exclamation. 
 
 367. [oi; }.ir) IrjQTior^g. So nil the MvSS. ilost n!<)!i( rn 
 editions have lijQi'i^tig by emendation. See noie on v;--. 'i..'i) 
 in Appendix.] 
 
 308. i:\uniy\ the emphatic form of the personal pronrnin. 
 
 369. /Ivrai d/j ttov, These, to he sure. For the force of 
 the particles, see Kiihner, Gr. Gr., § 315, 2. 
 
 370. (Jhoz .... redtaoai; Come, where have you ever 
 seen it raining without clouds'^ The use of vn, it rains, is 
 a singular idiom of the Greek. Though translated as an 
 impersonal verb, it is not strictly one, but agrees with 6 Oeoq 
 or Zdg understood, as is .^hown by the masculine form, 
 
NOTES. 147 
 
 when the participle is used. The phrase itself seems to 
 contradict the atheistical doctrine which the poet represents 
 Socrates as teaching to his new disciple. 
 
 371. cdOoiag (ovorjg understood), m fair weather. For 
 construction, see Soph. Gr. Gr., § 196. 
 
 375. o) ndvxa ov jolfiav ; you all-daring man. Wolf 
 translates this by an epithet applied to the philosopher 
 Kant by Moses Mendelsohn, — Dii^ Alleszermalmer, tliou 
 all-crusher. 
 
 379. co(7T£ (pt'oeadui ; For the construction of cocttc with 
 the infinitive, see Kiihner, Gr. Gr., § 306, R. 3. 
 
 380. /iivog ; Mitchell quotes from Silvern the following 
 passage : — " One of the most prominent cosmogonical doc- 
 trines attributed by Aristophanes to the master of the 
 Phrontisterium is that which describes the whirlwind god, 
 zlivog, by whom, as the sovereign ruler of the world, Zeus 
 and the other gods are displaced. One of the scholiasts ob- 
 serves, that this is borrowed* from Anaxagoras. Wieland 
 finds fault with that notion, and remarks, on the contrary, 
 that the doctrine arose out of the school of Democritus, and 
 may have been brought to Athens by his disciple Prota- 
 goras. But the divoi or dTvai of Anaxagoras were veiy 
 different from those of Democritus. According to the sys- 
 tem of the former, they came into being at the moment 
 wlien Intelligence (Novg) had given life and motion to mat- 
 ter, which was originally without motion ; but, according to 
 Democritus, they were themselves the originals of all things, 
 and bodies were formed by the chance collision of the 
 atoms contained in them. Now it might be said that a pre- 
 cise distinction of these two vortex-systems was no business 
 of the poet's, particularly as Anaxagoras himself, by not 
 defining the further operation of the N^ovg, or Intelligence, 
 by means of these vortices, had left it undecided whether 
 the former or the latter, the A''ovg or the vortices, predom- 
 inated in the formation of the world. But the /iivog of the 
 
148 NOTES. 
 
 Clouds is brought forward by tbe circumstance, that be was 
 said to have displaced Zeus, and that Anaxagoras was ac- 
 cused of dot^Bia, for having transformed the gods into alle- 
 gories, and for having given an earthly existence to the 
 heavenly bodies which had been held to be gods ; here there 
 is evidently an allusion to Anaxagoras." 
 
 380, 381. rovri .... ^aoilevcov, literally, this had been 
 imhnown to me, Zeus being no more, but Dinos reigning in 
 his jylace. The last part is put grammatically in apposition 
 with rovri. The common construction would have been the 
 accusative before the infinitive, or Zsvg nominative to tXeli^O)] 
 (pluperfect of )M'rddvco), followed by wv. 
 
 385. L^TTo .... didd^co, I'll teach you from your own ex- 
 ample. The poet is ridiculing the Socratic method of argu- 
 ing with examples taken from common life. 
 
 386. 1^03 fiov .... i:fi7TA?]a0sig,Jilled with soup at the Pan- 
 athenaic festival. The Panathenasa was the most noted of 
 all the Attic festivals. For* a minute account of it, see 
 Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiq., Art. Pan- 
 athenjea. Upon this passage a scholiast observes, that at 
 this time all the cities that had been founded by Athens sent 
 an ox to be sacrificed, whence it came to pass that there 
 was a great abundance of beef, and people ate more than 
 they ought. Wheelwright (Comedies of Aristophanes, Yol. 
 I., p. 83) illustrates this scene by the following lines from 
 Shakspeare, Henry IV., P. L, Act 3, Sc. 1 : — 
 
 "Diseased nature oftentimes breaks forth 
 In strange eruptions ; oft the teeming earth 
 Is with a kind of colic pinched and vexed 
 By the imprisoning of unruly wind 
 Within her womb," etc. 
 
 398. Koorimv oCcov, smelling of Cronian things ; that is, 
 musty, oldfashioned, old as Cronos, old as the hills. — ^ex' 
 x£(jt'h]VE. This word refers to the story told in Herodotus 
 of two infants being shut up and ke])t out of the sound of 
 
NOTES. 149 
 
 human language, for the purpose of ascertaining -svhat is the 
 oldest dialect. The first word they uttered was ^sy.og, the 
 Phrygian word for bread. The last part of the compound 
 refers to the opinion of the Arcadians that their nation was 
 older than the moon. The whole word, therefore, means 
 antiquated, musty, before the fiood, antediluvian. 
 
 400. Ot'coQOv. Theorus is mentioned also in the Achar- 
 nians and Wasps. He was the object of satire as a flatterer, 
 and in his place figures as a perjurer. 
 
 401. ^ovviov .... ^AOrivmv. These words are a quota- 
 tion from Homer's Odyssey, IH. 278: — 
 
 'A2.a' ore lovvcov ipbv a<j)CK6fie&' , uKpov 'A-dTjviuv. 
 
 Sunium is the name of a well-known promontory of Attica. 
 
 402. 11 fiadcov ; having learned what ? that is, upon what 
 principle does he do this ? Some read tl 7tad(6v ; an idiom 
 already explained ; how is it that he does it? what possesses 
 him to do this ? There is no material difference of sense. 
 See note to 1. 340. 
 
 408. A^^ z/t"; . . . . /JiaaioiGiv, By Zeus, I met with just the 
 same thing at the Diasian feast. The Diasia was an ancient 
 festival in honor of Z^vg Meiliyiog, celebrated in the last 
 third of the month Anthesterion by all the citizens, with 
 offerings of cattle, fruits, or cakes made into the shape of 
 animals, according to the circumstances of the individual. 
 See Smith's Diet, of Gr. and Rom. Antiq. 
 
 409. "f^TZrcov .... d^eli^ac/.g, I ivas cooking a pudding for 
 my kinsfolk, and neglected to cut it open. The yaozi^o of tlie 
 ancient cookery was a sort of pudding or haggis. Dr. 
 Johnson thus defines the haggis : — "A mess of meat, gen- 
 erally pork, chopped and inclosed in a membrane. In 
 Scotland it is commonly made in a sheep's maw, of the en- 
 trails of the same animal cut small with suet and spices." 
 In German it is called Ifagenwurst, stomach-sausage. 
 
 417. 'Aou zojv uD.cov uvoi^iav. uvor^iog is often used in the 
 
150 NOTES. 
 
 sense of lascivious^ licentious, and some understand it so 
 here. But its more general meaning agrees better witli the 
 connection of the passage. Translate, and other follies. 
 With regard to the habits described in the preceding lines, 
 see above. The philosopher Protagoras is said by Plotinus 
 to have remained in the same position three days and two 
 nigiits without eating or drinking. Similar things are re- 
 lated of ancient Indian philosophers, and are not unknown 
 among them at the present day. " It smells," says Bothe, 
 '" of the pseudo-philosophic squalor, which even commands 
 abstinence from the gymnasia." 
 
 420-422. ^A)X .... 7ianr/0(^^ civ, But so far as concerns 
 a firm soul, and sleep-disturbing care, and a sparing, hard- 
 living, savory-swpping helly, donH trouble yourself; for as to 
 these things, III give you leave to hammer upon me as much 
 as you please, tTZr/^al'/.eveiv is a proverbial expression, na 
 Wolf says, like the German, for a man who submits to any 
 thing, " Er liisst auf sich Schmieden," He lets them hammer 
 upon him. 
 
 424. To ... . zavri ; This Chaos, and the Clouds, and the 
 Tongue, these three. Chaos here means the expanse of the 
 ether. The three divinities of the comic Socrates, then, are 
 Ether, the Clouds, and the Tongue. " In all places of public 
 resort in Athens," says Mitchell, " wherever some half- 
 dozen persons were collected together, there Socrates was 
 to be found, putting or answering questions. On this prac- 
 tice the duties of the ecclesia and the law-courts, wliich 
 occupied so much of the time of other citizens, formed no 
 drawback ; for Socrates attended neither. He even ab- 
 stained from what might have been still more naturally 
 expected of him, that of committing his discourses to writ- 
 ing In written communication, as the best exposition 
 
 of his system has been explained, an uncertainty always 
 attaches as to whether the mind of the reader has spontane- 
 ously conformed to such communication, and in reality ap- 
 
NOTES. I'*^! 
 
 propriated it to itself, or whether, with the mere ocular 
 api)reheusion of the words and letters, a vain conceit is 
 excited in the mind that it understands what it does not un- 
 derstand ; on the contrary, a sentence orally delivered may 
 ahvays be supported, as Plato observes, by its father, and 
 receive his protection, and that not only against the objec- 
 tions of one who thinks otherwise, but also against the 
 intellectual stubbornness of one as yet ignorant, while the 
 written sentence has no answer to make to any further in- 
 quiries. It is evidently, therefore, not without reason that 
 the Tongue is ranked by Aristophanes among the divinities 
 of Socrates." 
 
 430. Toji' .... UQiazov, That I may be the best of all the 
 Greeks in speaking^ by a hundred stadia, or. That I may go 
 a hundred stadia beyond aU the Greeks in speaking. In the 
 Frogs occurs a similar ludicrous expression, " Evnimdov 
 Ttlsiv // aTadicp lah'oteQa, More than a stadium more loqua- 
 cious than TJuripides." 
 
 431, 432. ojoxs . . . . ffv, so that from this time henceforth 
 no man shall carry more points before the people than you, 
 '^'lojfjiy, in the popular assembly, a?i opinion, a resolution, or 
 2^ro2}osition. vv/.ilv is constructed with the accusative of all 
 such words as yvafAij and ip/^qjio^ua, signifying to get them 
 carried or passed. Soph. Gr. Gr., § 184, X. 1. 
 
 433, 434. Mi] .... diohodeXv. Strej)siades does not care 
 about the public affairs. He does not wish to become an 
 orator, and to cheat the ecclesia, — which was what the dis- 
 ciples of the sophists generally aimed at, — but only to twist 
 t!ie proceedings of the courts of law so as to slip out of the 
 clutches of his creditors. This is the art he would learn 
 from Socrates, yvcofiag ^leydXag, great counsels, or public 
 harangues, popular measures. 
 
 435. ^EydXcov. The Chorus uses this word, making a 
 passing allusion to ^sydXag, just preceding. 
 
 Strepsiades now intrusts himself to the hands of the at* 
 
152 NOTES. 
 
 tendants, urged to this final commitment of himself by the 
 recollection of the koj^i^a-horses and his Coesyrafied wife. 
 He is instantly seized with another fit of inspiration, which 
 shows that he has not become a convert to the Tongue- 
 divinity in vain. It is difficuU for any modern language to 
 keep pace with the volubility of the Greek, as its comic 
 slang comes from the lips of Strepsiades. 
 
 439. iQi]od(xiv, for '/^Qi^odaoav, let them use, let them do with 
 me ivhat they please. 
 
 441. Tlaotxca TVTtreiv. The idiom is the same as in Eng- 
 lish, I give them my body to heat. 
 
 442. do'Aov daiQeiv, to curry for leather. For the con- 
 struction, see Soph. Gr. Gr., § 185. 
 
 445-45 1 . OQuavg, impudent. — evyXmrrog, nimUe-tongued. 
 — ToX^7]Q6g, audacious. — m/?, from si)ii, one who is ready 
 to go all lengths, reckless. — ^deXvQog, shameless. — ipavdav 
 Gvy'/.oVj]Ti^g, gluer of lies, fcdsehood-tinher. — evQiiOiSTti'^g, 
 wordfnder. — mQixQiiiixa dixcov, one experienced in lawsuits, 
 a pettifogger, a dahhler in the laiu. — 'avq^ic, properly a tri- 
 angular, pyramidal column, on which laws were published, 
 a law-column, or, in modern phraseology, a code ; the spirit 
 of it may be given by the phrase, a icalking code, or a liv- 
 ing law-booh. — y.Qoralov, a rattle. — y.iva8og, a fox ; it is 
 unnecessary to remind the reader, that that great luminary 
 of the law, the father of Mr. Samson and Miss Sally Brass, 
 w^as called Foxey, which is an exact equivalent of the pres- 
 ent Greek w^ord. — rQVfAr], properly, a hole ivorn through any 
 thing ; here it means nearly the same as TZSQitQiii^a, a cun- 
 ning fellow, a sharper. — iiuadli]g, a pliant thong, hence, a 
 sly-boots, a leathery chap. — ei'ocov, a dissembler, a qiiizzer. — 
 '/)Mi6g, properly the oil used in the palasstras and baths ; of 
 course it means here a smooth, slippery fellow ; the readers 
 of "Ten Thousand a Year" will remember the significant 
 name of Oily Gammon, Esq. — alaXoov, a braggadocio. — ■ 
 TiivxQmv, a rogue who bears the marks of the xtrtQor, a scape- 
 
NOTES. 153 
 
 gallows. — ■■ ^lanog, a reprobate. — oxQOcpig, a wrir/gler. — 
 dnyah'og, a hard character, in the cant of the day, a hard 
 customer. — ^axrvo).or/6g, compouncled of ftarrva, a dish of 
 poultry dressed with herbs, and ^.ei^co, to lick, a lick-spit ; it 
 implies greediness and impudence. According to Schiitz, it 
 means an impudent fellow, who partakes of the feast with- 
 out paying scot. 
 
 453. zJncortcov, Attic for /jQaioJOav. 
 
 455. yoQ8i\v, a sausage, or roasted entrails, such as made 
 a pai't of the Homeric feasts, and is not unknown at the 
 present day at the tables of the Klephts, those modern rep 
 resentatives of the Homeric chiefs and heroes. Mr. Urqu- 
 hart, in his entertaining book on the East, had the honor of 
 partaking of a feast with a noted Klepht, Captain Demos, 
 which would have been highly relished by Ajax or Achilles. 
 " A small round table was brought in and set upon the 
 ground, and the guests hurtled round it as close as they 
 
 could Presently a Palicar came running with a 
 
 ramrod, on which had been entwined the choice entrails of 
 the sheep, hot and fizzing from the fire, and, running round 
 the table, discharged about the length of a cartridge of the 
 garnishing of the ramrod on the bread before each guest." 
 The rest of the feast was equally classical. Captain Demos 
 by " a single blow then severed the spine, and the weapon, 
 passing between the ribs, separated in an instant the animal 
 into two parts. Two ribs, with the vertebraB attached to 
 them, were then separated, and also placed before me. 
 This is the mode by which honor is shown to a guest ; and, 
 no doubt, in the selfsame manner did Achilles lay before 
 Ulysses the sacred chine."' — Vol. I. p. 270. To the expe- 
 rience of Mr. Urquhart, I may add my own. It was my 
 good fortune in 1853 to partake of a Klephtic entertain- 
 ment at Thermopylae, with ten or a dozen men, some of 
 whom had been Klephts on Mt. Olympus in the war of the 
 Greek Revolution. After the feast, they sang a number 
 
154 NOTES. 
 
 of Klephtic songs, with great spirit. The whole speech 
 of Strepsiades applies admirably to the ancient demagogue, 
 but its application is by no means confined to the " fierce 
 democratic " of Athens. 
 
 470-475. BovlofA^POvg .... oov. There is a difficulty in 
 the construction of this sentence. Mitchell, quoting from 
 another, translates, Worth 7nany talents to your mind, i. e. 
 (by a complimentary periphrasis) To you, matters that will 
 bring you in many talents. Brunck renders, " Atque com- 
 municare tua3 solertice negotia et lites multis talentis aesti- 
 matas, de quibus consultabunt tecum." Schiitz says, — 
 " UQay^ara y.dfriyQaq^dg, intelligendum in causis publicis de 
 accusatoris et defensoris libellis, in privatis autem litibus de 
 petitoris et ejus unde petitur actionibus et exceptionibus. 
 TioXXmv raldvrcav sunt qui. cum aha construant. Ego vero 
 raalim cum Berglero, cui nuper etiam Wolfius obsecutus 
 est, aha cum orj q)Qevi conjungere. Sic in Acharn. 8 d^iov 
 zfj 'EXlddi, ib. 204, t// TtoXai ydn dhov. Totam igitur Chori 
 sententiam sie reddiderim : Jta ut multi januam tuam sem- 
 per ohsideant, tecum communicare et colloqui volentes, ac 
 vel de publicis causis vel de civilibus actionibus, multorum 
 talentorum negotiis dignis, in quibus ingenium tuum exer- 
 ceas, tecum deliberare, te considere cupientes." Translate 
 TtQdyfAata y.dvTijnacfdg, suits or actions, and defences or rep- 
 lications ; TzoXlcov raXdvrcov, of many talents, that is, involv- 
 ing many talents ; aha orj qiQevi, i. e. dh'cog, as is. suitable to 
 your genius, or worth while for your abilities. Mr. AYhcel- 
 wright interprets it thus : — 
 
 " How many will continual session keep, 
 All anxious to consult and get a woi-d 
 Upon tlieii- eases and the issues joined 
 Worth many a talent's fee, for thy opinion." 
 
 476. L^'Zr, VL. T. 1. The Chorus turns to Socrates. 
 
 477. diaxivEi, stir up. Socrates now proceeds to test the 
 old man's intellectual properties. 
 
NOTES. 155 
 
 478-481. 1^;'£ .... Oeojv ; Socrates wishes to know 
 something about the character of Strepsiades, that he may 
 })roceed to apply new arts, or contrivances, to unfold the 
 I)liilosophical element, if there be any in his character. 
 But the word iiriiavri means also aii engine of war, and. 
 TtQOoqit'QCO, to apply, also signifies to bring up (the engines) 
 against. Strepsiades understood Socrates in the latter 
 sense, and replies, " But what ! do you mean to hatter me 
 like a walled town f " 
 
 487. jitye.iv .... 'in. Some of the commentators, think- 
 ing the joke here is not good enough for Aristophanes, have 
 proposed to read UTtoXf/eiv for clnoozenHv, making a contrast 
 between )Jynv and aTZoliysiv, like that between to say and to 
 unsay. The meaning is, I have not eloquence hy nature, hut 
 I have (the most important element in the character of the 
 demagogue and sophist) an ahstracting disposition. AVie- 
 land translates, — " Socr. Bist du zum reden von Natur 
 geschickt ? Streps. Zum reden nicht ; doch desto mehr 
 zum rapsen." The point may be retained thus : — 
 
 Socrates. Hast thou by nature got the gift o' the ga!) ? 
 Strepsiades. That 's not my gift ; my nature is to grab. 
 
 489, 490. "u^ye .... vq^armaoei. Socrates again uses lan- 
 guage liable to be misunderstood by a rustic like Strep- 
 siades. Ttno^dD.co has the double meaning of to throw before 
 or to, as to throw to a dog, and to propound. vqjaQTzd^o} has 
 the corresponding double meaning of to snatch up, like a 
 dog snatching a morsel from his master's hand, and to ap- 
 prehend quickly. It is unnecessary to remark, that Strep- 
 siades understands both words in the physical sense. For 
 OTCOjg with indie, fut., see Kiihner, Gr. Gr., § 330, R. 4. 
 
 •491. Ti dai ; The particle dai gives a tone of surprise to 
 the question. What now! or Hey-day! See Kiihner, Gr 
 Gr., §316, 7. 
 
 495, 496. Kdjteii .... diy.u^o(iai. "The plaintiff sum 
 
156 NOTES. 
 
 moned the defendant to appear The summons v.as 
 
 given in the presence of one or more \vitnesses. Arrest 
 was not allowed in civil actions, except in the case of for 
 eigners who might suddenly quit the city. The defendant 
 could not appear by attorney, nor was appearance a mere 
 form, as with us, by entry in a court book. He was obliged 
 to attend in person before the archon to answer the charge 
 made against him. If he did not attend, and the plaintiff 
 could prove that he had been duly summoned, he suffered 
 judgment by default, eQ^^irjv (oqjle." Kennedy's Demos- 
 thenes, pp. 146, 147. tTTi^aQtvQOiAai refers to the first step, 
 tlie calling of witnesses to be present at the summons, and 
 ^VAO.'Qonai to the actual commencing of the action before the 
 magistrate or in court. 
 
 497. yiarddov dol^dtiov, put down your cloak. Either 
 Socrates alludes to some of the ceremonies of initiation 
 into the Mysteries, or he means to reduce Strepsiades to the 
 condition of the other disciples in the Phrontistery, who 
 were not allowed to wear the ifidxiov, but only the short 
 philosophic cloak, and who went barefoot. One explana- 
 tion, also, is, that Socrates wanted his pupil to lay aside his 
 cloak, that he might get possession of it for his own pur- 
 poses, — as Mr. Squeers appropriated to the use of Master 
 "Wackford the shoes and jackets that were sent up to York- 
 shire for the benefit of the scholars at Dotheboys Ilall. — 
 'HdrATjau ti; Strepsiades, misunderstanding the object of 
 his master's direction, can think of no other reason for 
 throwing off his cloak except to receive a thrashing. lie 
 asks, therefore, Have I done any wrong ? 
 
 498. dlla .... vo^il^arai, but it is the custom to enter un- 
 cloaked, yv^vog means frequently, not naked, but only with- 
 out the upper robe. Sophocles is described by Athenteus 
 ( Lib. I. 20, e) as dancing round the trophy, after the sea- 
 light of Salamis, yviivog, that is, with only the X'f^^^v or close 
 fitting tunic on. 
 
NOTES. 1-57 
 
 499. ^AW .... elc8QX0fiai, But Tm not going in to 
 search the house for stolen goods. Upon this the scholiast 
 remarks, — It waa the custom for persons, entering any- 
 body's bouse for the purpose of searching, to go in un- 
 cloaked (yvfivovg), to prevent their hiding any thing they 
 found under their own cloaks, or the cloak of another, to 
 get him into trouble." 
 
 503. ri^v (fvoiv. Socrates means in character ; Strep- 
 siades understands him, in figure. 
 
 505. Ov [U]. The negative with the future indicative, 
 used interrogatively to express a command. For two nega- 
 tives, see Kiihner, Gr. Gr., § 255, 4, with the examples. 
 
 506. 'Avvaaq ii. An Attic idiom, meaning quickly y 
 nimUy. 
 
 507. fiehroiJrTav, the honeyed cake. 
 
 508. cjGTieQ Eig TQoq:coriov, as if to the cave of Tropho- 
 nius ; alluding to the famous cave and oracle of Tropho- 
 nius, at Lebadea in Bceotia. A scholiast, after describing 
 some of the ceremonies performed by those who visited the 
 cave, adds, " And as they are met by demons, and serpents, 
 and other reptiles, they carry cakes which they throw to 
 them." Wordsworth (Pictorial Greece, pp. 24, 25) says, — 
 " Before it [the stream Hercyna] arrives at the city of Leb- 
 adea, it passes through a dark and rocky ravine, which 
 seems to recommend itself by the gloominess of its groves, 
 and the frowning heights of the crags which overshadow it, 
 as a place peculiarly favorable for the exercise of the influ- 
 ence of a mysterious and awful mythology. As such it was 
 chosen for the seat of the oracle of the Boeotian hero, Tro- 
 phonius. He deHvered his responses to the inquirer at his 
 shrine, in the hall of a dark, subterranean cave, which was 
 on the left side of this stream, and beneath these lofty rocks. 
 Thither the worshipper descended, after having undergone 
 a rigid discipline of religious preparation, under circum- 
 stances well fitted to inspire him with that devotional dread 
 
 14 
 
loS NOTES. 
 
 which was necessary to render him a fit object for the recep- 
 tion of the oracular influence supphed to his imagination 
 by the strange sights, and mysterious voices, and unearthly 
 terrors of this dark place." 
 
 The place where the Hercyna emerges from the rocky 
 gorges, is one of the wildest in Greece : but the precise posi- 
 tion of the cave of Trophonius cannot now be ascertained ; 
 the whole region is well suited to the performance of mys- 
 terious and terrific rites. 
 
 Strepsiades is still reluctant to enter the subterranean 
 abode of the philosophers. Socrates urges him forward, 
 and the Chorus strike in, bidding him god-speed. 
 
 509. XI ... . £X^v, an idiom already explained, wl/y, how, 
 or what is the matter with you that? See note to 1. 340 
 and 1. 402. " Strepsiades advances to the steps, looks down, 
 and draws back. The hard faces of his usurious creditors, 
 however, meet him on his return, and he advances again to 
 the little mansion, ducks his head, and. is again withdrawing, 
 when Socrates, taking him by the neck, pushes him down." 
 — Mitchell. 
 
 518, seqq. This passage forms what is technically called 
 a parabasis, that is, the Chorus come forward, during a 
 pause in the action of the piece, and address the spectators 
 directly, in the name of the poet, upon any subject which 
 may or may not be connected with the passing drama. 
 " Sometimes," says Schlegel, " he [the poet] enlarges on liis 
 own merits, and ridicules the pretensions of his rivals ; at 
 other times he avails himself of his rights as an Athenian 
 citizen, to deliver, in every assembly of the people, propo- 
 sals of a serious or ludicrous nature for the public good. 
 The parabasis may, strictly speaking, be considered as 
 repugnant to the essence of dramatic representation ; for in 
 the drama the poet should disappear behind the characters ; 
 and these characters ought to discourse and act as if they 
 were alone, and without any perceptible reference to the 
 
NOTES. 159 
 
 Bpectators. All tragical impressions are, therefore, by such 
 intermixtures infallibly destroyed ; but these intentional in- 
 terru[)tious or intermezzos, though even more serious in 
 themselves than the subject of the represenlatio!^, arc hailed 
 with welcome in the comic tone, as we are then uinvilliiinr to 
 submit to the constraint of an employment of the mind, 
 which, by continuance, assumes the appearance of labor. 
 The f)arabasis may have owed its invention partly to the 
 circumstance of the comic poets not having such ample 
 materials as the tragic, to fill up the intervals of the action, 
 when the stage was empty, by affecting and inspired poetry. 
 But it is consistent with the essence of the old comedy, 
 where not merely the subject,' but the whole action, was 
 sportive and jocular. The unlimited dominion of fun is evi- 
 dent even in this, that the dramatic form itself is not seri- 
 ously adhered to, and that its laws are often suspended ; as 
 in a droll disguise we sometimes venture to lay aside the 
 mask." 
 
 This parabasis is valuable for the information it gives us, 
 directly or indirectly, not only upon the early dramatic 
 career of Aristophanes, but upon the early history of Greek 
 Comedy in general. It is also remarkable for the manner 
 in which the Chorus, giving utterance to strains of high 
 lyric poetry, return from the comic play to the more serious 
 purposes for which the Chorus was commonly used. 
 
 519. Tov t'/.dQsU'avTO, (ae. The poet speaks of Dionysus 
 having nurtured him, because the dramatic contests took 
 place at the Dionysiac festival, and Aristophanes had been 
 from his early youth a cultivator of the dramatic art. 
 
 520. vr/J^oaifiL .... ro^utoi^(7;v. The difierent tenses of 
 the verbs here in the optative offer a good illustration of the 
 fundamental difference between the aorist and present in the 
 oblique moods generally. By a well-known idiom, admira- 
 bly explained by Kiihner, Gr. Gr., § 256, 4, (b), the aorist 
 is sometimes used in a frequentative or habitual sense. It 
 
160 NOTES. 
 
 describes, however, not only what is habitual, but what uni- 
 versally and necessarily happens. To borrow the words of 
 another, — " The famous passage from the beginning of 
 Longinus furnishes one of the best instances of this pecu 
 liarity : ^"Txpog ds Ttov TiaiQimg t^svexdsv Ttdvra dixr]v oy.ijnzov 
 die(f6Q}]a8v, The sublime, when seasonably introduced, like 
 a thunderbolt, scatters or disperses every thing before it J 
 That is, it does so in every instance. Whenever the cause, 
 then instantaneously the effect. It never fails in any one 
 single case. Thus this instantaneous, unfailing effect in every 
 or any one single operation most admirably and intensely 
 represents the general unfailing property, or what is always 
 true of any thing or any power at any or every mo- 
 ment in which it acts ; whilst at the same time the radical 
 idea of the aorist as momentary, or without any reference 
 in itself to continuity of time, is most strikingly pre- 
 served." 
 
 This idiom doubtless originated in the peculiar vivacity 
 of the Hellenic mode of conceiving of actions and events. 
 Instead of stating a thing as frequently, or habitually, or 
 necessarily happening, the Greek often pictures to himself 
 a single instance, describes it as actually finished, and lets it 
 stand for the whole idea. This may be well illustrated by 
 the following lines from Homer, II. III. 33-35 : — 
 
 '£2f (5' oTe Tig re dpuKovra Iduv TraXivopaog aniaTrj 
 Oi'peog kv (jTjOGrig, vno re rpofiog e^/la/?e yvla, 
 'Aip r' av e x<^pv <^^'^, <^XP^S "^^ /"^^ elXe Tzapeidg • 
 
 As when a man, having seen a serpent, springing back, stands off, (or 
 
 recoils), 
 In the gorges of a mountain, and tremor takes hold of his limbs, 
 And he goes lack again, and paleness seizes on his cheeks. 
 
 The poet is here comparing the terror of Paris at the sight 
 of Menelaus to the fright of a traveller who suddenly comes 
 upon a serpent in a mountain-pass ; but while picturing to 
 
NOTES. 161 
 
 himself the scene, he makes it a reality, and tells the story 
 as if he had witnessed it with his own eyes : the traveller 
 recoiled from the serpent ; the tremor took hold of his 
 limbs ; he went hack, and paleness seized on his cheeks. 
 
 The picturesque mode of describing here illustrated finally 
 became an established idiom of the language, called the 
 use of the aorist (and sometimes the perfect) in a frequenta- 
 tive or habitual sense ; a sense radically different from that 
 of the continuous, frequentative, or habitual present, though 
 both are often translated in the same way, on account of 
 the less plastic and imaginative forms of the modern lan- 
 guages. 
 
 It is quite obvious from the foregoing analysis, that the 
 idiom in question cannot extend to the oblique moods, the 
 fundamental conception being of an event that has actually 
 happened, without dependence, condition, or contingency ; 
 and the continued, or habitual, or necessary recurrence of 
 the event being an induction, as it were, from the single 
 instance actually expressed by the tense. In the oblique 
 moods the aorist always signifies momentary or completed 
 action, and the present tense implies duration of time, or 
 habitual or frequent action. This distinction between the 
 indicative and the other moods in regard to the frequenta- 
 tive aorist is taken for granted, though not stated in express 
 terms, by most of the grammarians. See Buttmann, pp. 
 379-383; MatthicT, pp. 842-846; Kiihner, pp. 344-346; 
 Soph. Gr. Gr., § 211, n. 2. 
 
 But the limitation is pointedly recognized by Madvig in 
 his Greek Syntax (Syntax der Griechischen Sprache be- 
 sonders der Attischen Sprachform, von Dr. J. N. Madvig, 
 1847). In treating the Moods, Madvig gives first a general 
 description of each, and under that head, in every case, ex- 
 plains with singular clearness and precision the fundamental 
 idea and idiomatic usages of each tense. T^he frequentative 
 aorist is limited to the indicative mood ; his peculiar arrange- 
 
 14* 
 
162 NOTES. 
 
 ment making it necessary distinctly to recognize the limita- 
 tion of the usage, by placing it under the indicative, where 
 it belongs by the laws of thought, and omitting it where it 
 cannot belong, under the conjunctive, optative, imperative, 
 and the participle. See p. 110 ; also, pp. 131, 144, 154, 
 188, 208. See also Crosby, Gr. Gr., § 575, 2. 
 
 One of the examples given by Kiihner, from Xen. Cyr. 
 1, 2, 2, is, — "^t iiev yaq TtXslarai noXeig TtQOOzdTTOvoi toTc 
 Ttolixaig iirj ^OJntuv, fX7] d(J7tu^£(v, y.ai zdXka xd roiavra ojoav- 
 tcog ' yv d8 rig rovrcov ri miQa^aivr}, truiiag avroTg tTisdeoav. 
 For most cities enjoin upon their citizens not to steal, not to 
 rob, and other such things in like manner ; hut if any one 
 transgress any of these commands, they attach penalties to 
 them" Here tmdeaav, by the idiom above illustrated, de- 
 scribes the customary course of states with regard to the 
 prevention of crimes. But in the same sentence the words 
 which in the other moods express customary or frequent 
 action, or action in the most general form, namely, yiltTtreiv, 
 aQTzdl^eiv, TtaQa^amj, are in the present tense. 
 
 The language of Buttmann and Kiihner, in explaining a 
 particular usage of the optative mood, can hardly be sup- 
 posed to prove that the aorist, in the oblique moods, has a 
 frequentative sense. If such a mistake should be made, it 
 would be from the accidental circumstance, that, in some of 
 the examples of the use of the optative mood in sentences 
 which describe repeated acts, the tense happens to be the 
 aorist. But neither the mood nor the tense has any proj^er 
 frequentative sense of the kind just explained, as a mo- 
 ment's analysis will show ; though Buttmann (Gr. Gr., 
 § 139, n. 6, p. 389) somewhat loosely says, — "A further 
 and special use of the ojotative is when it stands in the pro- 
 tasis, instead of the indicative of past time, to express 
 something which took place repeatedly or customarily. E. g. 
 Ovg [A.8V id 01 Evrdxrcog y>al atcoTt^ lovrag, TtQcaslavvcov avtoig 
 omveg elev r/Qcora, Tial ItteI nvd oiro . . . . fiTtrjrei. Whom 
 
NOTES. 163 
 
 ever he saw, i. e. so often as he saw any^"* &c. The passage 
 is from a description of a review of an anny on a march. 
 The commander rode about among the ranks, and, having 
 inquired the names of those whom he observed to be silent 
 and orderly, praised them. The sentences are in a relative 
 construction, and therefore an oblique mood is employed ; 
 but the verbs themselves, not being intended to express a fre- 
 quent or customary act, are put in the aorist tense. The 
 optative aorists i8oi and nvdoiro describe respectively a 
 single and completed act of seeing and ascertaining ; the 
 time of the respective acts being indefinite. The idea of 
 repetition results from the dependent character of the whole 
 sentence, and from the continued action expressed by the 
 imperfects riQata and tTt^vsi. This is very clearly explained 
 by Madvig, pp. 131, 143. Were the present tense used in 
 these clauses, the meaning would be different. The writer, 
 of course, does not intend to say, " Whomsoever he fre- 
 quently, or customarily, or always saw advancing in good 
 order and silence, riding up to them, he asked who they 
 were, and when he hsidi frequently or cuszomarily ascertained 
 their names," &;c. 
 
 The principle intended to be substantiated by these re- 
 marks, namely, that the oblique moods and the participle in 
 the aorist are not, ix themselves, used in a frequentative 
 sense, but, if ever apparently so used, the frequentative idea 
 residts from the indefinite and dependent construction of the 
 sentence, or from the addition of a frequentative adverb, has 
 been assumed by Coray in his notes to Isocrates (Vol. II. 
 p. 34), and explicitly laid down and enforced by Bremi 
 (Isocrates, § 31, p. 32). 
 
 To make this matter clear, it will be necessary to con- 
 sider the passage in Isocrates in some detail. The author 
 of the Panegyricus has been speaking of the ancient ser- 
 vices rendered by Athens to the other Greek states ; " as a 
 memorial of which," he goes on to say, " the most of the 
 
164 NOTES. 
 
 cities send annually to us the first-fruits of tlie earth ; and 
 the Pythia has often enjoined upon those who omit this," 
 &e. Those who omit is expressed by the usual participial 
 construction, and the question with Coray was, whether it 
 should be the aorist t/ihTtovauig, as More conjectured, or the 
 present txleiitovoaig. The whole clause is ratg S' IxXeiTtovoaig 
 (or t,y.h7tovaaig) no71d'/.ig i] Uvdia TtQoatta^EV d7toq)tQeiv, &c. ; 
 upon which Coray has this note: — ^^'E'/.leLnovaaig'] 'OQdojg 
 ij^ci TO y.axa TzaQuruaiv, did to i:7tiq)£Q6[j.avov, IIo)ldy.ig • dio ov 
 rQ£7ZT80v avTO elg to doQiaxovfAevov, ^EyJ.iTzovoaig, ojg er/.uodv 
 riveg." That is, — " The form significant of continuation is 
 correct on account of the following noD.d/Ag ; wherefore it 
 ought not to be changed into the aorist, ly.lmovaaig, as some 
 have supposed." Coray means, that, on account of the 
 duration implied by the frequent commands of the priestess 
 at Delphi (noXldyig TtQoatra^Ev), the participle which de- 
 scribes the act or acts that occasioned the commands should 
 have a corresponding duration. The aorist participle does 
 not convey the idea of repetition or duration, but the pres- 
 ent does ; therefore the present is correct. 
 
 Bremi adopts this view. He says, after giving the con- 
 jecture of More, — " Sed subtilis est et vera Corasei ani- 
 madversio, propter noDAy.ig prsesens positum esse, quum res 
 sajpius facta notetur. Nempe aoristus particijni et modi 
 ohliqui una de re nee adjecto adverbio, quod repetitionis 
 notionem hahet, poniturT In stating the principle of Coray, 
 Bremi has added, to prevent all misapprehension, and to 
 make the meaning entirely clear, the natural qualification, 
 unless a frequentative adverb is joined to the participle. 
 For the negative ablative absolute of accompaniment, nee 
 adjecto adverbio, &c., contains the necessary limitation 
 of the principle deduced from Coray's remark. The ob- 
 servation of Bremi is, — " The remark of Coray is acute 
 and correct, that, on account of TZolldy.ig, the present is used 
 when the repetition of an act is to be noted ; that is to say, 
 
NOTES. 165 
 
 the aoHst of the i:)artici'ple and ohlique mood is used of a 
 single act, unless an adverb is added which has the idea of 
 repetition.'" 
 
 To return from this long digression, let us apply the prin- 
 ciple to the words now under consideration. The poet uses 
 vm^acuiii, the aorist optative, because he refers to his hopes 
 of victory in a single case, una de re, i. e. in the present 
 dramatic representation ; but in the same sentence he em- 
 ploys the present optative, vofii^ot^r^v, because duration of 
 time, not a single moment or one act, is to be expressed, — 
 the continuance of his fame as a poet. 
 
 [Since the preceding note was written, a striking example 
 of the gnomic aorist infinitive in oratio ohliqua has been 
 pointed out in Soph. Aj. 1082 ; to which may be added an- 
 other in Plat. Pha^dr. 232 B, and one of the participle in 
 Thuc. VI. 16.] 
 
 520. Gocfog, shilful, a master of my art. 
 
 522. Kai .... xcofiqidiav, And that this is the best of my 
 comedies. ao(p(6rar' r/jiv, equivalent to ooq}(oxdrr^v sivai. 
 
 523. dvayevd', to cause to taste, to let taste. 
 
 524. 525. en .... coV. The poet here alludes to his fail- 
 ure to gain the prize at the first representation of the 
 Clouds. There is some doubt whether drdgcop cpoorr/.wv 
 means the theatrical judges who decided against him, or the 
 rivals whose performances were preferred to his. The 
 scholiasts, Ernesti, Schiitz, and Bothe, understand the 
 former ; Mitchell, the latter. " Schiitz says, — " dvd()eg 
 (pOQTi'AOL sunt qui de vera poematum venustate recte judi- 
 care nequeunt, quum sint imperiti, ac pingui ingenio." 
 Mitchell's opinion is, "that the poet's rivals are thus con- 
 temptuously characterized, even though one of those rivals 
 was the illustrious Cratinus." In confirmation he quotes 
 from Dobree's Adversaria, — " 01 (fOQrr/.ot erant Aristo- 
 phanis rivales, a parcel of buffoons.^' The use of the 
 preposition vTto, though not conclusive, seems rather to -fix it 
 upon the judges; if the sense were conquered by, 7]xtrjd8ig 
 
1G6 NOTES. 
 
 would be constructed commonly with a genitive, his rivals 
 being referred to. Translate, Then I came ojf^ defeated by 
 the judgment of vulgar fellows, when 1 deserved it not. This 
 construction agrees sufSciently well with what follows. 
 Kock refers q)OQri'/.wv to Ameipsias and Cratinus, the rivals 
 of Aristophanes. 
 
 52G. Tavz tTiQay^axEvoiAtiV, I expe7ided this labor. 
 
 527. TtQodcoaco, will despair of, or literally, will give up. 
 
 528. oig .... )Jyeiv. Bergler; ^'- quibus lihenter probo 
 studium meum. et eloquentiamJ' A scholiast, " oig tTtiderAvv- 
 oOai ij^v lativ." Schiitz, " quoriLm vel conspectu et collo- 
 quio frui didce est." Mitchell, " with whom even to hold 
 converse is a delight." Wieland, " zu loelchen nur zureden 
 schon Vergniigen isf, merely to speak to ivhom is a delight." 
 Bothe rejects all these and says, — " quibus etiam dicere 
 suave est, h. e. qui etiam eloquentia delectamini, non solum 
 artibus bellicis quibus nunc ut cum maxime studetis. Utra- 
 que laude poetie ornare solent spectatores. Plant. Capt. 
 prol. 67, Valete, judices justissimi domi, bellique duellotores 
 optimi. It'yeiv, to Xsysiv, ut Eq. 329, l8ov X^yeiv, specta elo- 
 quentiam" Bergler and the scholiast are probably correct. 
 Bothe's explanation is less probable. Kock thinks the text 
 corrupt. 
 
 529. ' oc6q)Qcov re ;fa) xaraTtvyaiv. Alluding to his earli- 
 est play, in which were these two characters, " the Virtu- 
 ous " and " the Vicious." Fragments of this play are all 
 that remain. Its title was /laitaXeTg, The Revellers. 
 
 530. TtaQdtvog. We use a similar figure when we speak 
 of an orator, on his first appearance, delivering his maiden 
 speech. Aristophanes is supjDOsed to have been about nine- 
 teen at the time here referred to. According to the scho- 
 liast, the legal age at which the poet might come forward 
 personally was forty years, or, he adds, " as some Fay, 
 thirty ;" but on the* subject of the legal limitation of nge 
 with dramatic poets, it is not easy to come to a satisfactory 
 
NOTES. 167 
 
 conclusion. The scholiast above alluded to has probably 
 confounded the laws concerning the oijnnsg with those that 
 regulated actors. The scholiast on the Frogs (1. 502) states 
 that when the poet first engaged in comedy he was (j/t^ov 
 ^aiQaxioxog, and the author of the article on Aristophanes in 
 the Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography assumes, 
 on the strength of this authority, the year B. C. 444 as the 
 date of his birth, which would make him seventeen vears 
 old at the time of the representation of the /Jcuxahig, B. C. 
 427. The assumption of the scholiast, that forty, or even 
 thirty, was the legal age of dramatic poets, is contradicted 
 by the fact, cited by Boeckh (Grcec. Tragic Princip., p. 103) 
 and by Chnton (Fasti Hellenici, Vol. 11. pp. 58, 59), that 
 -3Sschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, and Agathon appeared as 
 dramatic authors at a much earlier age. 
 
 The first representation of the Clouds, at which Cratinus 
 gained the first prize, and Ameipsis the second, was B. C. 
 423, Aristophanes having attained the age of twenty-one. 
 The second representation, in which he was unsuccessful, 
 took place probably the next year, though placed by Ranke 
 twelve years later, B. C. 411. If Ranke's opinion is cor- 
 rect, Aristophanes was now thirty-four years old. 
 
 531. TZaig d' ke'Qa. The figure is still kept up. The 
 person alluded to was Calhstratus or Philonides, both of 
 whom were afterwards actors in the plays of Aristophanes. 
 
 534, 535. Nvv .... ooqioTg. Literally, How, therefore, 
 this comedy has come, like that Plectra, to seek if perchance it 
 may meet with equally sagacious spectators. Tlie allusion 
 is to the Choephoroi of -^schylus, w^here Electra, going to 
 visit the tomb of her father, discovers the return of her 
 brother Orestes, by the color of the locks of hair which are 
 found upon the tomb, as if consecrated by some visitor. In 
 the comparison, therefore, Electra is the present comedy, 
 the brother, or Orestes, is the other comedy, which had 
 been applauded by the audience ; the present comedy has 
 
168 NOTES. 
 
 come in search of its brother's locks, that is, has come to 
 see if it shall be received with equal applauses by an en- 
 lightened public. — It will recognize, he proceeds, if it 
 shall see it, a brothers lochs; that is, it will recognize the 
 spectators to be as intelligent as those of the former coraedv, 
 — their brothers, as it were, — if it shall receive the same 
 applause. 
 
 537, seqq. In these lines the poet alludes to the indecent 
 exhibitions of other dramatists to catch the applause of the 
 groundlings. roTg Ttaidmg 'Iv rf yslcog. It is said that the 
 cpdXXog was brought upon the stage in the JjQOOTzdlrioi of ' 
 Eupolis. Such practices have been the bane of the theatre 
 in every age, and have not yet ceased to desecrate its boards ; 
 making it too often the corruj)ter of the morals of the 
 young, instead of the mirror of manners and the purifier of 
 the passions, by the representation of human characters 
 under the varied vicissitudes of life. 
 
 540. OvS* sGxmxl's rovg (falcrAQOvg, Nor derided the hcdd- 
 headed. Mitchell thinks these words refer to something, 
 wiiich, for want of the works of contemporary writers, it 
 is impossible to explain. Bergler thinks he is alluding jok- 
 ingly to the baldness of Socrates. If the scholiast, as 
 emended by Hermann, is to be received, Eupolis is satiri- 
 cally aimed at, — 
 
 rovg 'Imveag 
 1iVV£7zoti]aa Tu (l>a2,aKpC) 70VT0), — 
 
 I helped this bald-head (meaning Aristophanes) compose the 
 Knights. — The KoQda^ was a wanton dance, imported from 
 Asia, sometimes iritroduced at the Dionysiac festivals. It 
 occurs in the Wasps of Aristophanes himself, Avho v/as 
 sometimes as little scrupulous as his rivals. 
 
 541, 542. Ovds .... (jy.wniiaTa. The alhision here again 
 is obscure. According to a scholiast, there was a colnic 
 poet, Simermno, who introduced an old man with a staff, 
 
NOTES. 169 
 
 with wliicli he beat the persons around him, to raise a laugh 
 and conceal the poverty of wit in his dialogue. This seems 
 to be the understanding of Wieland, — " i^m die j^^cMesten 
 Zoten gut dadurch zii machen, to make good therehy the 
 stujndest bawdry.''^ Translate, therefore, Nor docs the old 
 man who is speahing the verses heat the person near Inm 
 with his staff, thus keeping out of sight wretched rihcddnj. 
 
 543. OvS' .... ^oa. The poet is supposed by the scholi- 
 ast to refer jestingly to his own representation of Strep- 
 siades, who comes out with^ torches to set fire to the phron- 
 tistery at the close of the present comedy. But Silvern says 
 (as quoted by Mitchell), — "I am convinced that the torch 
 with which the school of subtilty is set on fire, and the cry, 
 '/oy lav, of the discij^jle, at the close of the piece, are not to 
 be considered as liable to the censure cast upon such ex- 
 pressions in the parabasis, any more than the similar cries 
 which occur also in other passages of the Clouds, the play 
 itself beginning with '/oy, or than the torches which are 
 brought upon the stage in other dramas of Aristophanes. 
 So in the Plutus (797, seqq.), where blame is cast ujjon 
 the practice of throwing from the stage figs and pa-try 
 among the spectators, it cannot be supposed that Aris- 
 tophanes meant to hold himself up to ridicule, when, in v. 
 960, seqq., of the Peace, he makes Trygaios throw among 
 
 the spectators his sacrificial barley-meal The passage 
 
 in the parabasis of the Clouds is, like that in the Plutn.-^, 
 exclusively directed against other poets, who introduced out 
 of the proper place, without rhyme or reason, practical 
 jokes of this description ; whilst Aristophanes used them 
 only when they helped on the action of the story, and were 
 neither devoid of wit nor meaning." 
 
 545. ov xo^ia, am not proud, do not plume myself upon it. 
 
 549, 550. "Os .... y.eiiitpcp. The poet here alludes to 
 his having introduced the demagogue, Cleon, into one of his 
 plays (the Knights) by name. Translate, And J smote 
 
 15 
 
i/O NOTES. 
 
 Cleon in the helly when he tvas greatest, hut could not hear to 
 trample on him when he was down, that is, after liis death. 
 The poet contrasts the manner in which he dealt with the 
 objects of his satire, and that practised by his rivals. He 
 was constantly introducing new characters, while they, from 
 poverty of invention, when they once got hold of an Hyper- 
 bolus, never let him go. For a full account of Cleon, who 
 makes a conspicuous figure in the Knights and the Wasps, 
 see Thucydides, Lib. IH.-V. ; also, article Cleon, Diet. Gr. 
 and Rom. Biog. Mr. Grote has attempted to defend the 
 character of Cleon against the wit of Aristophanes, and 
 the graver charges of Thucydides. 
 
 552. 'AoXnQcZd', trample under foot ; a term borrowed 
 from the paliestra. The mother of Plyperbolus was fond of 
 wine. 
 
 553, 554. Maricas was the title, it seems, of a comedy 
 of Eupolis, in which he introduced Hyperbolus, in imitation 
 of the Knights of Aristophanes, " turning them," as the 
 poet says, " inside out." 
 
 555, 556. IlQoadeig .... i\o6itv, Having added to it (tlie 
 character of Maricas) a drunken old woman, for the sake of 
 the cordax (for the sake of gratifying the vulgar tastes 
 of the spectators with that indecent exhibition) whom 
 Phrynichus long ago poetized, — whora the sea-monster 
 tried to devour. Phrynichus had introduced into his play 
 of " Hypeuthynos " a drunken old woman, as a ])arody 
 upon the story of Andromeda, \vhich was often handled 
 by the tragic poets and artists. This comic character was 
 probably represented as dancing the cordax for joy at her 
 escape from the monster of the deep. 
 
 559. Tag .... [A([A.ovi.i£Vot, Imitating my imagery of the 
 eels. The poet here alludes to a passage in his Knights 
 (807, Bothe's edition,) where he compares demagogues to 
 men catching eels ; when the water is still, they catch noth^ 
 ing; but when it is stirred up, then tlicy seize liieirprey. 
 
NOTES. 171 
 
 60, in a quiet state of public affairs, the demagogue lias 
 nothing to gain ; but in the midst of -disturbances he pros- 
 pers. This comparison was much admired, and, it ^vould 
 seem, was often imitated. 
 
 oG2. 'Eg .... doy./^oere, In tunes to come you shall he 
 thought to he icise. The Chorus now strike off into a lyri- 
 cal invocation of the gods ; a piece of ingenious satire at 
 the expense of the philosophers who denied the existence 
 of the gods. Afterward they turn suddenly again and ad- 
 dress the spectators. 
 
 579. AiTivEg .... viiag, We who keep watch over you. — • 
 t^obog, a military expedition. 
 
 581-589. Eha .... TQtTtaiv. The poet is here satirizing 
 the follies and absurdities of the Athenians in their manage- 
 ment of public affairs. The leather-dressing Paphlagonian 
 is of course Cleon, who is constantly branded with this nick- 
 name in the Knights. The Paphlagonians were held in 
 great contemj)t at Athens, either because many slaves were 
 imported from Paphlagonia, or on account of the barbarism 
 of the country. Low and base persons were designated by 
 this name. The time particularly alluded to here was when 
 Cieon was appointed commander of the land forces to suc- 
 ceed ISTicias in the expedition against Pylos. At this time, 
 it is said, there came on a heavy storm, which lasted 
 through the night, and this is what the poet means when he 
 speaks of the sun pulling in his wick, and the moon desert- 
 ing her accustomed ways. It may be observed here, that 
 the various allusions to Cleon show that this parabasis 
 must have been composed at different times, partly before 
 and partly after the death of the great demagogue. ' The 
 dvo^Gvlia of the Athenians had become proverbial at a much 
 earlier period than this, and was satirized even by Solon. 
 
 591. dcoQCOv .... yJ.OTtr^g, having convicted of bribery and 
 theft, ileiv is a technical term in Athenian law, as iXelf 
 
172 NOTES. 
 
 '^'QaqjTJv, to gain a cause. The crime or subject of the iiction 
 is put in the genitive. 
 
 592. rco I^Aqj, the wood. The ^vXov was a wooden collar 
 or yoke, which was sometimes fastened upon the necks of 
 slaves by way of punishment. 
 
 595. 'u4^(f>i [loi avrs, (po7^ ava^. This verse is constructed 
 in imitation of the dithyrambic poets, whose compositions 
 frequently began v/ith these words ; on this account, accord- 
 ing to a scholiast, they were called Amphianactes. , " The 
 7'6[iog OQdiog of Terpander began, ]A[xq)l ^ol avng if.vu.yd 
 ^ Ey.oLXr^olov clMxvi a qiQ7}v.'' Kock. It is a form of invo- 
 cation, the verb being understood. This form of invocation 
 was expressed by the verb diK^ioLva'ATL^uv. 
 
 596, 597. Kvrdiav .... mtqctv, holding the Cynthian 
 high-horned rock. On the island of Delos there was a hill 
 called Cynthus, rising over the city and the temple of 
 Apollo. It is lofty and precipitous, with hornlike peaks, 
 which suggested the epithet vxprAtQara. 
 
 599, 600. Artemis is next invoked, and the all-golden 
 house of course is the well-known temple of Artemis at 
 Ephesus, — memorable, besides other things, for being men- 
 tioned in the New Testament. 
 
 602. yJiyidog tjrioyog, Rein-holder of the cegis. A bold 
 lyrical expression for wielder of the cegis. 
 
 603, seqq. The poet alludes to the orgies of the Bac- 
 chanals on one of the peaks of Parnassus. The fable of 
 the introduction of the Dionysiac worship is most strik- 
 ingly exhibited by Euripides in the Bacchic. 
 
 607, seqq. The Chorus again turn to the spectators. 
 
 609. IlQcoTa .... ^v^fidyoig, First to greet the Athenians 
 and their allies. The principal representation of the dra- 
 matic pieces took place in the spring, when Athens was 
 crowded w^ith visitors from allied and foreign nations, — > 
 indeed, from every part of the civilized world. 
 
NOTES. 173 
 
 612. IlQma .... dQaxp]v, — constructed with cocpelova*, 
 • — In the first place, henefiting you (that is, saving you) no 
 less than a drachm a month for torches. The good citizens 
 of Athens were lighted in their nocturnal rambles by 
 torches carried before them by boys — like the link-boys in 
 Shakspeare's time in London. 
 
 615, seqq. In these lines the moon is represented as 
 comj)laining^of ill-treatment, because, through some mis- 
 management of the Athenians in the arrangement of their 
 festival days, the gods were disappointed of their feast at 
 the regularly appointed time, and had to return home sup- 
 perless, which made them angry with the moon. AYhether 
 the moon's complaint against the Athenians turned upon 
 their varying the festivals so as to keep them in the same 
 season of the year by changing the days of the month on 
 which they were held, or upon the festivals gradually pass- 
 ing from their appropriate season to another, so that the 
 summer festivals would fall upon the autumn, and the au- 
 tumn upon winter, and so on, does not seem very clearly 
 intimated. But it is certain that about this time the Attic 
 calendar had fallen into great confusion. The Attic year 
 was reckoned by lunar months ; and the discrepancy be- 
 tween the lunar and solar year, even wdth the corrections 
 of the calendar of Cleostratus, had become very considera- 
 ble. To remedy this, the mathematician Meton devised 
 this plan. He discovered that 235 lunar months corre- 
 spond, with a slight difference, to 19 solar years. He there- 
 fore formed the cycle of 19 years, consisting of G,940 days, 
 which he distributed into months in such a manner as to 
 make them correspond, in the whole period, to the changes 
 of the moon. This was the famous " Year of Meton," — 
 ivvea'Aaide'AaarrjQig. On this basis he founded his calendar, 
 and re-arranged the months and festivals of the Attic year. 
 The epoch of his calendar was, according to Hoffmann (Al- 
 terthums-Wissenschaft, p. 350), the thirteenth of Sciropho* 
 
 15* 
 
174 NOTES. 
 
 rion, in the fourth year of the 87th Olympiad, or B. C. 432 
 "Wieland, as quoted by Bothe, says that " the poet is here 
 satirizing Meton, who had a little before invented the 
 Metonic Cycle of 19 years, for the purpose of adjusting the 
 lunar to the solar year, and correcting the festive days. 
 But it so happened, that days which had formerly been 
 sacred now became profane, and vice versa, which seems to 
 have displeased many, and to have given an opportunity for 
 our poet to exercise his comic genius, which he is always 
 most happy to seize uj)on. Perhaps among those who 
 favored Meton and the new calendar, Hyperbolus took the 
 lead ; and therefore the poet set his mark upon him at the 
 end of the parabasis, as one who, when sent as Hieromne- 
 mon among the Athenian deputies to the Amphictyonic 
 Council, lost the laurel crown which those dej)uties were 
 required to wear on their return, — a thing that was con- 
 sidered in the highest degree disgraceful." See article on 
 .Greek Calendar in Diet, of Gr. and Rom. Antiq. 
 
 Silvern, however, is of opinion that it is very doubtful 
 whether the cycle of Meton was introduced when the Clouds 
 was exhibited, and thinks it more probable that the errors 
 of the earlier astronomical observations of Cleostratus, and 
 his period of eight years, were then at their highest point, 
 and that the allusion in the parabasis may be more properly 
 referred to this circumstance. 
 
 620. §w«^£T2, ye are litigating. The litigious disposition 
 of the Athenians was frequently the subject of the poet's 
 satire. ctQepMvrs, It was common in the Attic process to 
 torture slaves, for the purpose of extorting confession. 
 
 C22. 'HriK .... ^aQ7T7]d6va, When we are lewailing 
 Memnon and Sarpedon. A scholiast says, — " Memnon and 
 Sarpedon, being sons of Zeus, and having died in Troy, 
 w^ere thus honored among the gods, their father having or- 
 dered that the gods should every year pass the day on 
 "which they died in fasting and mourning." 
 
^ NOTES. 175 
 
 623-625. uvd^ .... dqrn^'drj, wherefore Syperholus, being 
 afvointed by lot to be Hieromnemon tin's year, was after- 
 icords deprived by its, the gods, of his crown, or, construct- 
 ing rov cticpavov with rcov deoav, the crown of the gods, the 
 sacred crown, that is, the crown which he wore in virtue of 
 his office as Hieromnemon. Each of the twelve states 
 constituting the Amphictyonic league sent to the assembly 
 or congress, held half-yearly in the spring and autumn, 
 at Delphi and Thermopylae, two classes of deputies, called 
 Pylagoras and Hieromnemones ; the former to attend to the 
 political questions that came before the assembly, and the 
 latter to the religious affairs of the league. At Athens the 
 Pylagorie were chosen by an annual election, but the Hie- 
 romnemones were appointed by lot. See Champlin's De- 
 mosthenes, new edition, J). 192, note; also Hermann, Pol. 
 Ant., §§ 13, 14. 
 
 626. Kara .... r^jAtoag, To kecj:) the days of life accord- 
 ing to the moon. Solon had directed tliat festivals should 
 be observed by the lunar calendar. The poet, as above 
 intimated, seems to be striking at Hyperbolus for favoring 
 Meton and the new calendar. 
 
 627-631. Ma. .... ^aOeiv. Socrates has been vainly 
 endeavoring to teach his disciple some of the sublimities of 
 philosophy. Irritated by his stupidity, the master returns in 
 a towering passion, swearing by Respiration, Chaos, and 
 Air, that he has never seen such a blockhead in all his life. 
 The jDhilosopher in his excitement commits what we sliould 
 now call an Irish bull. He says Strepsiades is such a for- 
 getful fellow, that, in hearing a few philosophical niceties, he 
 has forgotten them before he had learned them. 
 
 632. xalca, future for xalJaco. 
 
 633. doy.di'Tr^r, — the same as oyj)j.noda, — the couch, 
 635. ^Avvoag .... vovv. Strepsiades has not yet come 
 
 out from the phrontistery, but, the door being open, is seen 
 
176 NOTES. 
 
 within. Then he takes up the couch and brings it out. 
 Socrates tells him to put it clown quickly {]\Iahe haste and 
 put it down, and give your attention^ and then proceeds tc 
 question him. The dialogue gives occasion to more of 
 those ludicrous misapprehensions of the meaning of words 
 on the part of the pupil, some of which have already been 
 noticed. 
 
 638-640. IIoTEQa .... dixoivi'Aq). Socrates is speaking 
 of poetical measures. Strepsiades knows nothing about 
 such things, and, understanding him to mean dry measures, 
 answers, that, to be sure, he would like to be instructed in 
 measures, for he had lately been cheated by a flour-dealer 
 out of a couple of choenices. 
 
 643. 'Eya .... '^{jhexxsov. To the question, whether he 
 considered the trimeter or tetrameter the most beautiful 
 measure, Strepsiades replies, that, for his part, he is of opin- 
 ion that the hemiecteus is as good as any. The joke con- 
 sists in this, — the sKtevg was the sixth part of a medimnus ; 
 the medimnus of the Attic measure was forty-eight choeni- 
 ces ; the tyiXEvg, therefore, was eight choenices, and the rj^u- 
 ey.reov four, that is, as Strepsiades understands the matter, a 
 tetrameter. 
 
 644. IIsQidov vvv tfioi, Wager, then, with me. The same 
 idiom occurs in the Acharnians, 1013, ^ovXei TCEQidoodai; 
 will you bet ? The offer to back his opinion by a bet is 
 characteristic of the ignorance of Strepsiades. A wager is 
 the natural resort of one whose purse is better filled than 
 his head. 
 
 647. Ta^v .... QvOftav, But perhaps you may he able to 
 learn about rhythms. Socrates despairs of making him un- 
 derstand the doctrine of measures, and passes to another 
 subject, that of rhythms. The old man's thoughts, however, 
 are still running upon flour and dry measures, and he can- 
 not see what good rhythms will do him as to these. 
 
NOTES. 177 
 
 65 1 . A. 'JLX tvoTthov, For the armed dance. — 'Aura ddy.xvlov, 
 according to the dactyle, that is, the rliytLm which moves in 
 dactylic measure. 
 
 Go 4. ovroGi. Of course Strepsiades again misunder- 
 stands his teacher, and knows no other duy.Tv).og than his 
 finger. 
 
 650, seqq. Socrates now proceeds to question his disci- 
 ple on some points of grammar. The grammatical subtil- 
 ties of the schools — some of which occur in the works cf 
 Plato — are the present object of the poet's wit. 
 
 666. ^AlE'/.Tovairav. This line is as farcical as if he had 
 said in English cochess and coch. The male and female 
 bird were designated by the same word, dXsxTQVcov. 
 
 669. /Jialq)n;c6(jco, Iivill Jill loith meal. 
 
 670. ^18ov .... nenov, See, agaiJi, there 's another, that is, 
 another blunder. The reader will see at once that the joke 
 turns upon the feminine article being used with a noun of 
 masculine termination. 
 
 675, 676. 'A)X .... 'veixajTero, But, my good felloiu, 
 Cleonymus had no hieading-troiigh, hut icas accustomed to 
 knead in a round mortar. There is a doubt hs to the 
 meaning of this passage. According to some, the poet is 
 representing Cleonymus, as a pauper parasite, who had not 
 even a bread-trough, but was obliged to use a mortar. 
 "Wolf so understands it, — " Hatte wahrlichs am Ende 
 iibrig, selbst den Backetrog nicht mehr." According to 
 others, the round mortar means Sicily, where Cleonymus 
 had obtained an appointment through the influence of Cleon, 
 and contrived to amass a fortune. This latter fact is alluded 
 to, they suppose, when Cleonymus is said to have kneaded 
 in a round mortar. In the Wasps (924) dvda ]& used of 
 Sicily : — 
 
 'Oarig TzepfnlevGag ttjv 'Qvelav ev kvkTlO}. 
 
 Conz, cited by Mitchell, says, — " Sicilia caseis foecunda 
 
178 NOTES. 
 
 opimis insula, ap. Athen. I. 27, appellatur, ri dveia (morta- 
 rium)." Upon which Mitchell says, — "That the mortar 
 here means Sicily there can be little doubt ; and he who has 
 observed how large an ingredient cheese made in the com- 
 position of an Athenian salad-confection, all the ingredients 
 of which were beat up in a mortar, will be at no loss to un- 
 derstand the poet's meaning." The word occurs again. Pax. 
 228, i"n its proper meaning, mortar. The Sicilian cheese, 
 rvQog ^iXslrAog, is enumerated, with other luxuries, by An- 
 tiphanes. See Athen., Lib. I., 49. 
 
 Cleonymus is introduced a great many times in the com- 
 edies of Aristophanes, as a demagogue, perjurer, glutton, 
 and coward. I do not know that there is any proof of Cle- 
 onymus having been in Sicily ; and the circumstance that 
 Sicily is jokingly called a mortar, in other places, can 
 hardly lend probability to the supposition that the round 
 mortar here is Sicily. Perhaps the expression is a satirical 
 allusion to the fondness of the parasite and glutton for high- 
 seasoned dishes, like the salads prepared in the mortar ; and 
 that he cared so little for simple bread, that he did not even 
 keep a kneading-trough, but made the salad-mortar answer 
 all his purposes. 
 
 690. \4nvvia. The poet makes this discussion upon the 
 gender of names the occasion of satirizing the cowardice 
 and effeminacy of Amynias, who was ridiculed by other 
 poets, as Cratinus and Eupolis, according to the scholiast. 
 
 695-699. 'ExqjQovzidov .... T/^(j.eQOv. In this scene Soc- 
 rates makes Strepsiades lie down upon the couch, covers 
 him up with fleeces, sorely against his will, and sets him to 
 the task of excogitating some profound idea with regard to 
 his own affairs. The scene is regarded as a burlesque upon 
 the figure of speech by which Socrates was accustomed to 
 call himself the intellectual man-midwife, the professor of 
 the maieutic art. Strepsiades is unwilling to risk himself 
 on the philosophic couch, having already had some expc 
 
NOTES. 179 
 
 rience of its inhabitants, avxa ravx\ these very things. For 
 this combination, see Kiihner, Gr. Gr., § 303, 3. Ttaoa 
 ravz aV/.a, there is no other loay ; Ttcwd with the accusative 
 is sometimes = prceter. dr/.r^v .... dcjaco. The phrase dur^v 
 Sovvai is legal, and applies to him who pays the penalty. 
 
 709, 710. t/. . . . . Konivdioi. The poet is amusing him- 
 self with the resemblance in the first part of the words y,6- 
 Q8ig, bed-hugs, and KoQivdioi, Corinthians. About this time 
 hostilities existed between the Athenians and the Corinthi- 
 ans ; the latter were harassing the territory of the former ; 
 therefore he calls the bed-bugs Corinthians from the couch; 
 as if he had said, the Bedouins from the bedstead. 
 
 717-722. K(d .... yEytrq^iai. Poor Strepsiades cer- 
 tainly makes out a strong case ; his money is gone, his color 
 is gone, his shoe gone ; and besides all these troubles, says 
 he, while singing songs of the icafch, Pm almost gone myself, 
 q^novnag admv is a proverbial expression borrowed from the 
 soldiers who hum airs to make themselves company when 
 on guard ; it was applied to persons who were wakeful, 
 whether from the cause which kept Strepsiades awake, or 
 some other. For the gen. oliyov = 6/.iyov dm; see Matt. 
 Gr. Gr., § 355, Obs. 2. The genitive cfoovodg denotes time. 
 See Soph. Gr. Gr., § 196; and Kuhner, Gr. Gr., § 273, 
 4(b). 
 
 728. vnijg dTtoareQTitr/.og. The epithet is a punning allu- 
 sion to the philosophical OT8Q7]Oig, or deprivation. It may 
 very well be rendered into English by an abstracting talent, 
 
 729, 730. 0"iWL .... d7to6T£Q7-jQida ; While Socrates is 
 covering him up with lambskins, the poet makes the disci- 
 ple utter a wish, the language of which is whimsically bor- 
 rowed from the putting on of the lambskins, and from the 
 resemblance between the words dovaxig, lambslin, and d(m^- 
 oig, negation. As to the interrogative form, it is a common 
 Greek idiom to express a wish in the shape of a question. 
 
180 NOTES. 
 
 The exact point of tlie joke cannot be given in Englisli ; but 
 something near it is, — 
 
 Ah, who can put upon me 
 From these lamb-fleeces knowledge how to fleece ? 
 
 735. Ovx .... q>QOvriETg ; literally, Will you not cover 
 yourself up speedily and cogitate something ? A command 
 in the form of a question, a frequent idiom, meaning, Cover 
 yourself up quickly and ponder. 
 
 740-742. "Idi .... G'/.07tm>. The poet is ridiculing the 
 philosophic divisions and subdivisions which Socrates was 
 much addicted to, and which prevail in many parts of the * 
 Platonic writing's. aid(5ag T/)r qjQOvrlda lETtrijV, cutting the 
 thought fine. diaiQ(av "Aai oy.07t6ov, distinguishing and exam- 
 ining. 
 
 743. y.av aTTOQ^g, and if you are doubtful. 
 
 745. Kitijcor, Set it in motion. This word is used in ref- 
 erence to the meditative ajzoQiu or state of uncertainty and 
 wavering between different opinions. Mitchell quotes sev- 
 eral passages on motion in illustration of the philosophical 
 bearing of this word. — (^vvcodQiaov, clap it in the balance, 
 or, weigh it carefully and well. 
 
 746. ^Q. Zco'AQaridiov qiiXrarov. Strepsiades suddenly starts 
 up, having caught an idea by the tail, dearest Soc7^aHdy ! 
 
 74:7. ' Eyj(xi .... d7ZoareQr^Ti>iijV, Tve got an abstracting 
 idea of interest, that is, I've got got hold of an idea how to 
 cheat my creditors out of their interest. 
 
 749. OexxaJj^v. The Thessalians were notorious among 
 the ancients for their addiction to witchcraft. They were 
 the mediums of the times. The thought that has struck the 
 miqd of Strepsiades is, to purchase a Thessahan hag, and 
 by her magic draw the moon down fi-om heaven, and thus, as 
 interest was computed by the lunar months, escape the pay- 
 ment of it, by shutting up the moon in a round case. The 
 
NOTES. LSI 
 
 Xoqieiov GXQoyyvlov was a case in ^Yhich men kept the crests 
 of their helmets and women their mirrors. " Mirrors con- 
 stituted an article of Hellenic luxury. These were some- 
 times of brass ; whence the proverb, — 
 
 * As forms by brass, so minds by wine are miirorcd.' 
 
 The best, however, until those of glass came into use, were 
 made of silver, or of a mixed metal, the exact composition 
 of which is not now known. Another kind was fashioned 
 >v from a species of carbuncle found near the city of Orcha- 
 menos in Arcadia. Glass mirrors also came early into usC; 
 ♦ chiefly manufactured, at the outset, by the Phcenicians of 
 Sidon. T4ie hand-mirrors were usually circular, and set in 
 costly frames. To prevent their being speedily tarnished, 
 they were, when not in use, carefully inclosed in cases." 
 St. John's Manners and Customs of Ancient Greece, Vol. 
 n., pp. 118, 119. 
 
 758, 759. El .... ^uo/, If a suit of Jive talents were writ- 
 ing out against you, how would you evade it ? tell me. This 
 question is a puzzler; but Strepsiades, gathering himself 
 under the bed-clothes, ponders. 
 
 763. Aivd^drcov .... nodog, Like a cockchafer tied with a 
 thread hy the foot. He is directed to let his speculative fac- 
 ulty soar into the air ; but not lose his hold upon it. This 
 is better than the dupes of the spiritual imposture do now-a- 
 days. The allusion is to boys amusing themselves by tying 
 a cockchafer by the foot with a thread, and then letting him 
 fly off to the length of his tether. 
 
 766. q.anfiay>07Tc6).cag, the apothecaries. 
 
 768. Ttjv va/.ov Ir/eig ; Do you mean the crystal? (or 
 perhaps amher). The ancients sometimes used the crystal, 
 or lapis specularis, for burning-glasses, which would be a 
 correct enough translation in this passage. Glass itself may 
 be alluded to here, for its use was certainly known among 
 the ancients, perhaps as early as the time of Aristophanes. 
 
 IG 
 
182 NOTES. 
 
 " We find mention of burning-glasses as early as the age of 
 Socrates ; and a number of lenses more powerful than those 
 employed by our own engravers, have been found among 
 the ruins of Herculaneum." St. John's Manners and Cus- 
 toms of Ancient Greece, Vol. III., pp. 152, 153. Herodo- 
 tus, Lib. II. 69, calls glass ear-droj)s, with which the Egyp- 
 tians adorned their tame crocodiles, Xidiva ivrd, 
 
 110. " Onotz .... yQCi^iiat£i>g,What, if, when the clerk of 
 the court entered the suit upon the tablets. "When a suit was 
 once admitted by the court, the scribe or clerk had to copy 
 it out upon waxen tablets, which were hung upon pillars. 
 Strepsiades's abstracting idea is, to stand with his sun-glass 
 in the direction of the sun, and so melt out the wax, and 
 cast the suitor. 
 
 774. "On .... 5/x?/, That a suit of five talents has thus 
 been abated. diarQdq)(o had a technical meaning, to draw a 
 line through, for the purpose of erasing, to expunge. The 
 magistrates who stopped an action were said ^layqacpeiv, and 
 the plaintiff who withdrew the suit was said diayQacfsadai, in 
 the middle voice. 
 
 777. MeD.ojv oqih'jGEiv, Being on the point of getting cast 
 or defeated, or, When the case is on the point of going 
 against you. 
 
 779, 780. El ... . tQt'xcov, If, while one case was pending, 
 before mine was called, I should run and hang myself. The 
 case was called by proclamation of the herald under the 
 orders of the archon. This new Socratic problem Strep- 
 siades solves off-hand very ingeniously ; he is not obliged 
 even to put himself under the bed-clothes. 
 
 783. '^Td'kElg .... hi. The patience of the philosopher is 
 now wellnigh exhausted. But Strepsiades entreats him to 
 continue his instructions. He gives him one trial more, and, 
 finding him incorrigibly dull and forgetful, tells him, reso- 
 lutely and angrily, to be off. 
 
 792, 793. ^Itio . . . av^^ovhvaaTS. Strepsiades, in de- 
 
NOTES. 183 
 
 spair, appeals to the Clouds for counsel in this extremity, — 
 For I shall go, says he, to utter ruin, unless 1 learn to twist 
 the tojigue ; y)MTroGTQoq:E(;i'. 
 797,798. 14V: midco ; 
 
 I have a son, a perfect gentleman ; 
 
 But — for he will not learn — what will become 
 
 Of mel 
 
 799. og}Qiya. This word may be literally rendered by the 
 cant expression, he 's a swell. 
 
 800. avTTTEQOov, high-Jlying. 
 
 803. 'A)X .... ynovov, But wait for me a little while 
 within. Socrates goes into the phrontisterv, and while he 
 is departing the Chorus addresses him, telling him to make 
 the most of his opportunity ; that the man is so smitten out 
 of his senses, and excited, that he is ready to do any thing 
 "in the world ; but that such affairs are wont speedily to take 
 a different turn. 
 
 811. UTtoldxpEig, fut. ind. for imp., lap i«p, from dTtoluTiia. 
 See Horn. II. XVI. 161: — 
 
 Aaipovreg jTi.ucrayatv dpac^ctv fii2xiv vd(op» 
 
 814. OvroL .... fieveTg. The father has returned from 
 the sophists' school, and has evidently been holding an 
 angry parle with the dandy son. In the course of the 
 dialogue, he makes excellent use of the sublime instruc- 
 tions he has received. The new oath, " £g 3Iist," is evi- 
 dently suggested by his recent intercourse with the cloud- 
 philosophers — the ^£xa(OQ0(ftvay.£g. 
 
 816. ' ^ daiiiovie. The young man is greatly amazed at 
 the alteration in his father's appearance, who now has the 
 philosophic look, — the pale face, the bare feet, and the 
 phrontistic cloak. — zt XQW^ ^do'/^stg, what is the matter 
 with you ? 
 
 818. 'Idov . . . uconiag, See there, " by Olympian Zeus,*' 
 
184 NOTES. 
 
 forsooth, what folly I For the genitive, see Sopli. Gr. Gr., 
 § 194, 2. 
 
 819. To Ala. .... Ti2)dK0VT0vl, To believe in Zeus, as hig 
 as you are. 
 
 820. Tl . . . . Iteov ; What, in the name of wonder, are 
 you laughing at? The word Iteov is elsewhere used in 
 interrogative sentences, generally expressing anger, irony, 
 or surprise ; the last is the feehng here. 
 
 821. cpQOveTg aQX^i^d, and have musty old notions in your 
 head. 
 
 824. "OTtcog .... fiTjdtva. "Onrng [xij are often used with 
 the future indicative in an imperative sense. See ante, 
 p. 127. Properly the sentence is elhptical. See that you 
 don't tell anybody. The old man proceeds with his instruc- 
 tions. 
 
 830. Mr^Aog, the Melian. This was a term of reproach, 
 partly on political grounds, the Athenians bearing a hatred 
 against the Melians, and partly because Diagoras, a noted 
 atheist, was a native of Melos. Mitchell, however, thinks 
 that the allusion here is to Leucippus, from whose philo- 
 sophical doctrines the Dinos of the Socratic school was 
 formed. 
 
 833. Ev6xb[in, — the same as zv^r^\iiu, — Speak reverently, 
 or, Be careful what you say. 
 
 835-838. (hv . . . . ^lov. The poet is satirizing the 
 affected habits of the philosophers, and Strepsiades is giv- 
 ing a side-thrust at the extravagance of his son. They 
 never wash ; — but you are washing away my property. 
 oiGTteQ Tedveaxog, as if I were dead. According to a schol- 
 iast, the expression refers to the custom of washing the 
 body after death. 
 
 842. Prcoaei .... na'/yg. The poet is here turning into 
 ridicule the sage old precept, " Know thyself." Strep- 
 siades undertakes to quote it, but, before he gets through, 
 
NOTES. 185 
 
 turns it into a complete burlesque. Thou shalt Iznow iJiy- 
 self, — hoio ignorant and thick-headed thou art. Perhaps 
 the recent experience of Strepsiades has taught him this 
 addition to the original precept. 
 
 844-840. O'liioi .... q)Qdoco ; The father has just gone 
 out, and will shortly appear with a cock and hen, for tlie 
 further instruction of his hopeful son. Meantime, the youth, 
 perplexed by what he conceives to be the madness of his 
 father, is in doubt whether he shall take him into court on a 
 charge of lunacy, or give notice to the coffin-makers ; mean- 
 ing, that the old gentleman cannot live long in such a state 
 of mind. The dialogue that follows is sufficiently explained 
 by what has already been said. 
 
 853. rovg yrjyevdg ; The young man is to be understood 
 as applying this epithet to the philosophers, very much as a 
 fashionable young gentleman now-a-days would call eccen- 
 tric old people antediluvians. 
 
 855. "EmlavdavoiAijv .... ixcov. "We have nearly the 
 same idiom in English. We sometimes say, in speaking of 
 what we were habitually doing at some past time, I would 
 do so and so, meaning, I did so and so ; as, " Whenever he 
 spoke to me, I would reply." Translate, therefore, WJiat- 
 ever I attempted to learn I would forget immediately from 
 my great age. For the construction of av with the indica- 
 tive, see KUhner, Gr. Gr., § 260 {§), 
 
 857. ^A)X .... Y.axanzQfqovxiY.OL, I have not lost, hut 1 
 have pondered it away. 'Aaxd here has an intensive force, 
 as in 'Aaxay.v^eveiv, to gamble away. We have no single 
 word to express the meaning of the ludicrous compound 
 'AUxaqiQorxii^co. In German it is, Ich haV ihn verstudirt. 
 
 858. Tag , . . . ov ; And lohat have you done vjith 
 your shoes, you old fool ? or, What have you turned your 
 shoes to, you dunce"} The word XiXQOCpag — in some edi- 
 tions xtXQOTtag — has caused the critics a little trouole. 
 Some consider it from xqstioj, to turn ; then it is. Whither 
 
 16* 
 
186 NOTES. 
 
 have you turned^ that is, Whei^e have you placed'? or, as 
 above rendered, What have you done with ? Others take 
 it from iQtqco ; this word, besides other meanings, signifies 
 to keep, as of servants, slaves ; to cidtivate, as of hair ; and 
 in the passive voice it sometimes describes condition or sit- 
 uation, as in QEdipus Tyrannus, [xiag rQsq)Ei TtQog vv/.tog, thou 
 art in one nighty or, thou art surrounded by perpetual night. 
 It does not seem forced, to deduce from these meanings one 
 suitable to the present passage, supposing the expression to 
 be applied in a rather ludicrous or canting fashion by the 
 young man, — Where have you been keeping your shoes ? as 
 l^e would have asked. Where have you been keeping your 
 horse ? and perhaps this very idea was running in his head 
 at the time. 
 
 859. "QaTHzQ .... uTtMleoa^ Like Pericles^ I lost them on 
 the emergency. The allusion here is to a fact in the life of 
 Pericles, who, in rendering an account of his administration 
 of the public revenue, set down an item of ten talents 
 " avr[).(x)iuv(x}v Eig to dtov, expended upon ichat was wanted" ; 
 being unwilling to say, " I used it to bribe the Spartan 
 general Cleandridas." Strepsiades says, burlesquing this 
 item, that he had lost his shoes dg ro dear, — substituting 
 a7t(6l8Ga for dvijlcooa. 
 
 863. "Oz^ . . . . ^HliaarvAov, The very first Heliastic obol 1 
 received. This refers to the courts of law called Helioea. 
 The judges, or rather jurymen, who constituted these courts, 
 were citizens above thirty years of age, and amounted to 
 about 6,000 ; 600 being selected from each of the ten tribes. 
 They were called Heliasts. They were also members of 
 the popular assembly, and thus performed both legislative 
 and judicial functions. But the Heliastic courts were es- 
 tablished by Solon for the purpose of acting j^artly as a 
 check upon the Ecclesia. " They seldom all met," says 
 Hermann, " being formed into ten divisions, the complement 
 of each of which was strictly 500, although it varied ac- 
 
NOTES. 187 
 
 cording to circumstances ; sometimes diminishing to 200 or 
 400, whilst on other occasions it appears to have been raised 
 to 1,000 or 1,500, by the union of two or three divisions. 
 Every one to whose lot it fell to serve as juryman received, 
 after taking the oath, a tablet, inscribed with his name and 
 the number of the division to which he was to belong dur- 
 ing the year. On the morning of every court day, recourse 
 was again had to lots to decide in which courts the divisions 
 should respectively sit for that day, and the suits of which 
 they should take cognizance, since there were many which 
 could be decided only in certain courts. The number of 
 these courts of justice is uncertain ; most of them, however, 
 were in the Agora, and were distinguished by numbers and 
 colors. Staves with corresponding marks were handed to 
 the jurymen at the entrance of each court, as symbols of 
 their judicial power, and at the same time tickets, on pre- 
 senting which, from the time of Pericles, they received 
 their fees from -Acola'AQtrai." — Political Antiquities of 
 Greece, p. 265. 
 
 The name Helicea is connected with the Doric alia, an 
 assembly ; also with ahg and a).Lt,^odai ; not with ip.iog, as 
 is sometimes stated. Each citizen received as his fee an 
 obolus a day ; which was afterwards increased to three 
 oboli. 
 
 865. ^H .... aY^Oiaei. The young man has finally made 
 up his mind to go ; but he tells his father very gravely that 
 he (the father) will be sorry for it sooner or later. 
 
 869. Kcii. .... IvOdds, He is not experienced in the hang- 
 ing baskets here, instead of. He is not tinctured with the 
 teachings of the school. y.QefiadQcov is here used, in allusion 
 to the first appearance of Socrates suspended in a basket, 
 for the Socratic instructions. 
 
 870. Avxog . ... ye. The reply of Phidippides is ut- 
 tered in a languid, drawling way, and he puns upon the 
 
188 NOTES. 
 
 word rgi^cov used by Socrates, and jokes upon the hanging 
 baskets. You would yourself be a rgl^cov (an old cloak), if 
 you were hung up. Or, perhaps, as if Socrates had said, 
 He does not yet know our ropes, — the young man replies, 
 You ivould know the rope yourself if you were hung. 
 
 872, 873. ^Ihov .... di£QQV7^y.6aiv, See there, 'aq[-^cu, how 
 foolishly he spoke it, and with parted lips. What particular 
 defect Socrates is here imitating and ridiculing is a question 
 among the commentators. Mitchell says, — " To under- 
 stand the taunt of Socrates, we must revert to the organic 
 defect and lisp of the young knight, which, instead of allow- 
 ing him to say kremaio, would oblige him to say klemaio. 
 Translate, Look ye there now, klemaio ! did any but a noo- 
 dle, and whose lips cannot come close together, ever talk in 
 that fashion ? " Siivern says, — " We can understand the 
 jest only by fancying to ourselves a lisping pronunciation of 
 '/tQ8(A,aio, like that of Omqag and KoQaxog in the Wasps." 
 The pronunciation referred to by Siivern is Otcolog and 
 KoXaaog. Bothe remarks, — " Quid reiDrehendat Socrates, 
 incertum est : vastam diphthongi pronunciationem notari 
 putant Reisig. et Herm., sed assentior Welckero existimanti 
 celeriter ac negligenter ista dixisse Phidippidem, ore semi- 
 hiante per contemptum." Mitchell and Siivern do not ap- 
 pear to have rightly understood this passage. If the young 
 coxcomb had said xXt'fAaio, the poet would certainly have 
 written it so, as he writes in the Was'ps (45), — olag Otwkog 
 aoXa'Aog KscpaXrjV Ij^et. Moreover, the word diSQQVtfAooiv de- 
 scribes, not a lisping, but a drawling, way of speaking. A 
 good iUustration of what is here meant is found in the indo- 
 lent drawl of Lord Frederic Verisopht's pronunciation. See 
 " Nicholas Nickleby," passim. 
 
 874, 875. TiMg .... avamiarriQiav ; \_How can he ever 
 learn the acquitting art, the summoning art, or the persuasive 
 art of emptying ? The word ;(uvrojuig is a comic woid, 
 
KOTES. . 189 
 
 which means emptying. According to the Scholia, it here 
 refers to tlie art of making an opponent'sargument appear 
 empty (xuvvoq).'] 
 
 878. Tvvvovron, only so big, holding out his hand to indi- 
 cate the smallness of the size of the boj when he performed 
 such wonderful feats. 
 
 879, 880. "EnXatiEv .... 'iylvcpev .... etQydttro. Note 
 the force of the imperfect tense to describe continued or re- 
 peated action. 
 
 881. nmg do'ASig. A familiar expression, equivalent to 
 the English, You can't think how. In the Frogs (1. 54) we 
 have a similar expression : — 
 
 T^v Kapdlav eTrara^e ttcjq olei a^SSpa, 
 
 888. ZlQog Ttdvta td 8ly.ai\ Against all legal rights. The 
 poet now introduces the two opposite principles, — the true 
 and false reasoning, — as persons, each maintaining in the 
 following dialogue his own side of the question. 
 
 There is evidently a change in the spirit and temper of 
 the drama from this time forward. The poet becomes more 
 earnest, and grapples more closely with the vices of the 
 age against which he is warring. As to the manner in 
 which these personified principles, the Dicceologus and the 
 Adicologus, are represented, different opinions are held by 
 the critics. Wieland, following the hint of an old scholiast, 
 supposes they were represented as two game-cocks, fighting 
 from two wicker cages ; but there seems to be no sufficient 
 proof of the poet's having played off so whimsical an ex- 
 travaganza. The gravity of the dialogue is inconsistent 
 with such a supposition. Bergler says, — " Hie jam per 
 prosopopoeiam introducuntur duo Xoyoi, alter Justus, qui et 
 major, seu superior dicitur, quo disserimus de rebus justis, 
 et justam causam defendimus ; atque iste agit virum modes- 
 turn, verecundum, honestatis observantem et antiquis mori- 
 bus prreditum ; alter injustus, qui et minor, seu inferior dici* 
 
190 NOTES. 
 
 tur, jura pervertens, immodestus, impudens, honestatis ex- 
 pers, coiTuptor juventutis. Isti duo loyoi ccrtant inter se, 
 et uterque vult adolescentem ad se allicere, ut Virtus et 
 Voluptas Herculem apud Xen. Mem. 11, 1, 21, seq., et 
 PhilosoiDhia atque Statuaria Lucianum in ejus Vita, seu 
 Somnio." Mr. Mitchell has some very elegant remarks 
 upon this part of the drama. After stating his objections to 
 the supposition of Wieland and the intimation of the scho- 
 liast, he proceeds, — " How, then, it may be asked, were the 
 loym represented ? What persons did they assume ? What 
 masks did they wear ? It would be presumptuous, at this 
 time of day, to affirm any thing positive on such a point ; 
 yet the following considerations are submitted to the reader 
 as affi3rding a strong probabihty whom the poet had in his 
 eye in one of these characters, and that once ascertained, 
 there will be no great difficulty in conjecturing whom he 
 intended by the other. When the representative of the 
 adcAog loyog is required to reply to the animated descrip- 
 tion given of the olden time, and the system of educa- 
 tion then pursued, the requisition is made in the following- 
 terms : — 
 
 Upbg ovv Ta&\ w KO/^ipoTTpenTJ (lovauv exfov, 
 Ael ae Myecv re Kacvov. 
 
 Can any one compare this with a verse in one of our au- 
 thor's plays (Eq. 17), — 
 
 Hug av ovv nor' £Ittol[i' av avrd drjia KO^ipevpLTCLKibg ', 
 
 — and with the epithet attached in another of his plays to 
 one or two persons whom Euripides brings forward, as 
 specimens of the class of persons naturally generated l)y 
 the general construction of his dramas, and not feel a strong 
 suspicion that by the Adicologus of this scene is meant no 
 other than the bard himself? In a play, indeed, of which 
 the almost paramount object was to expose and bring into 
 
NOTES. 191 
 
 contempt that sophistic eloquence and system of chicanery 
 which were working so much mischief in the Athenian 
 courts of law, who was so likely to occupy a conspicuous 
 place as the poet, who, from the nature of the speeclies 
 for and against, which continually occur in his dramas, was 
 expressly stigmatized as TZOirizrjg nriixaxicov dr/.avr/.ojv ? . . . , 
 Generally speaking, no philosophic opinion is, in the Aris- 
 tophanic comedies, ascribed to Socrates, which is not also 
 attributed to Euripides, and the poet's lash rarely falls upon 
 the one in this respect, without a blow being at the same 
 time inflicted on the other. Is it, therefore, likely, that, in a 
 drama written almost for the purpose of bringing the new 
 philosophic opinions before the Attic public, Socrates should 
 occupy so prominent a part in the piece as he evidently 
 does, and that his fellow philosophist should be thrown 
 wholly into the background ? " The ingenious critic con- 
 tinues his observations, and shows why Socrates is made 
 the object of such overwhelming ridicule in the preceding 
 part, and why the poet assumes so much of gravity in the 
 remainder of the drama. His remarks are too long to be 
 cited here. He thus concludes : — "It remains only to add, 
 that if the Adicologus of the play be what he has here been 
 supposed to be, the Dic^eologus of the piece can be no other 
 than the poet -^Slschylus. They both would appear on the 
 stage in the highest possible external as well as internal 
 contrast — -Slschylus in the severe and simple costume of 
 the olden time, of which he is the representative, Eu- 
 ripides tricked out in all the finery which the robe-maker 
 and the jeweller could supply — would follow as a matter 
 of course." 
 
 891. "Jd^ OTtoi XQiji^eig, Go whither thou icilt. These 
 words are quoted from the Telephus of Euripides. One 
 of the characters in which he says to Menelaus, "16^ oitoi 
 Z^lisc's * ova anolov^EV rrjg GTJg 'EXtvi^g ovvexa. 
 
192 NOTES. 
 
 897, 898. dia .... dvorjtovg, througJi these hloclheads, 
 pointing to Socrates and liis school. 
 
 906, 907. tovxl .... y,a>:6v, this evil goes on; that is, the 
 mischievous practice of denying the existence of justice and 
 of the gods. A similar expression occurs in the Wasps, 
 1. 1483. 
 
 TOVTI Kot 6f] X^P^^ ■'O KUKOV. 
 
 — dors iioi XE'Aavtjv, give me the howl. The speaker is al- 
 ready so disgusted, that he can hardly stand such offensive 
 doctrines any longer. 
 
 908. Tvcpoyt'Qcov, a vaporing old fellow, a dotah^d. 
 
 910. 'Poda [/ eiQij'Aag, You have spoken roses of me, that 
 is, you have paid me the highest possible compliments. 
 Your words are sweet as roses. 
 
 912. Xqv6(^ .... yiyv(6ay.8ig, You don't know that yoii 
 are ornamenting me with gold ; that is, you don't seem to 
 be aware that these qualities which you reproach me with I 
 prize like jewels ; that in fixing them upon me you are 
 loading me, as it were, with golden ornaments. 
 
 915. Qqaavg d nolXov, Thou art very impudent. For 
 the construction of the genitive, see Matt. Gr. Gr., § 317. — 
 a.Q'^aiog, antiquated, an antediluvian. 
 
 91G. (poitav, to frequent the school. 
 
 920-924. 2v .... riavdelerEiovg. Upon these lines Her- 
 mann observes: — " Sententia his subest hoec: qui mala 
 isla dicendi artificia et subtiles fallacias doceani, jam mul- 
 tum pecuniae corradere, vitamque agere lautam et s[)]endi- 
 dam, olim autem contemptos fuisse et vix liabuisse unde 
 victum parerent : id ei carpendi Euripidis opportunitatem 
 prrebet, cujus Telephum, multa subtiliter dispHtantem, sen- 
 tentias Pandeleteas ex pera vorare dicit." iVjhcpog .... 
 qnkaaaw, Saying that yoti were Telephus, the Jl/ysian. Tiie 
 poet is here aiming a blow at Euri^^ides, who, in one of his 
 
NOTES. 193 
 
 dramas, the Telephus, introduced Telepbus, king of ^lysia, 
 limping, and in a beggar's garb; he had been wounded by 
 Achilles, and was told by the oracle that he could only be 
 healed by him who had inflicted the wound. For that 
 reason he sought his way, in a beggar's garb, to Tlies- 
 saly, where the cure was performed ; to this character he 
 compares the once beggarly and now rich philosophers 
 and rhetoricians. Pandeletus also is spoken of as a person 
 of infamous character, a sycophant, a busybody, and a lover 
 of litigation. He was introduced in some of the pieces of 
 Cratinus. 
 
 925. "^ HOI .... Ifjr/^Gdrjg, Alas for the wisdom which 
 
 you have called to mind ! that is, Ah me ! I am sorry you 
 
 have no better use to put your learning to, than the defence 
 
 of such musty notions ; or perhaps better in a satirical 
 
 "^ sense, — Ah me ! what a tvise one you are ! 
 
 929. Knorog mv, being old as Cronos, — old as the hills, 
 musty, antiquated. 
 
 936. Tovg .... i:8idaoy.eg, ivhat you tvere accustomed to 
 teach men of former times. Observe the force of the im- 
 perfect. As they were about to come to blows for the pos- 
 session of the young man, the Chorus intercedes and pro- 
 poses to listen to their arguments in alternate succession ; an 
 arrangement which the combatants accede to. 
 
 950. yvoj^orvTZoig iiecifAvaig, notion-hammering studies, — 
 studies which hammer out philosophical and poetical con- 
 ceptions. 
 
 955. Nvv .... Goqiag, ITow comes the perilous crisis, — 
 the tibial and turning-point of wisdom. 
 
 "U^ith regard to the following discourse upon ancient edu- 
 cation, Eanke, as quoted by Mitchell, says, — " Equidem 
 eum, qui banc orationem sine admiratione legere, qui si 
 I^gcrit, de viri virtute veraque nobilitate eliam tum dubi 
 tans, poetoe amore non inflamrnatus, ejus comoediarum le- 
 gendarum et ediscendarum cupidine non iucensus, abire ac 
 
 17 
 
194 N T E S i 
 
 * 
 
 discedere potest, eum inquam equidem non omni solum 
 sensu omniqiie ratione cassiim, sed morum perversorum 
 amatorem adeo esse judico. Nullum unquam poetam nee 
 majorem nee sanctiorem fuisse quam nostrum Aristophanem 
 ex liac oratione discimus." 
 
 962. ococpQOOvj'j], temperance, in its most extended signifi- 
 cation ; " aiTia tov KQatsTv tcSv l7ndvi.acov, 'Aai vno ixridafiidg 
 il^ovr^g dovlovodai. dXla xoa^icog ^jjr." Diog. Laert. — v^vcjixi- 
 fjTO, loas in rejnite, was in vogue, was the fashion. 
 
 964. £4' niOaQhOtov, to the. school of the hcup-player. The 
 two great branches of ancient Greek education were music 
 and gymnastics. The great influence attributed to the 
 former in refining and elevating the mind is testified to in 
 many passages of Greek literature. Pindar's language is 
 express and strong upon the point. The subject is most 
 fully discussed by Plato, especially in the Republic. " The 
 importance of music, in. the education of the Greeks, is gen- 
 erally understood. It was employed to effect several pur- 
 poses. First, to soothe and mollify the fierceness of the 
 national character, and prepare the way for the lessons of 
 the poets, which, delivered amid the sounding of melodious 
 strings, when the soul was rapt and elevated by harmony, by 
 the excitement of numbers, by the magic of the sweete-t 
 associations, took a firm hold upon the mind, and generally 
 retained it during life. Secondly, it (Enabled the citizens 
 gracefully to perform their part in the amusements of social 
 life, every person being in his turn called upon at entertain- 
 ments to sing or play upon the lyre. Thirdly, it was neces- 
 sary to enable them to join in the sacred choruses, rendered 
 frequent by the piety of the state, and for the due perform- 
 ance in old age of many offices of religion, the sacerdotal 
 character belonging more or less to all the citizens of 
 Athens. Fourthly, as much of the learning of a Greek 
 was martial, and designed to fit him for defending his co>m- 
 try, he required some knowledge of niusic, that on the field 
 
NOTES. 195 
 
 of battle his voice might harmoniously m.ingle with those of 
 his countrymen in chanting those stirrltig, impetuous, and 
 terrible melodies, called peeans, which preceded the first 
 shock of fight." St. John, Manners and Customs of An- 
 cie^it Greece, Voh I., p. 184. The whole chapter on Ele- 
 mentary Instruction is a very able summary of the subject. 
 See also Jacobs's Discourse on the Moral Education of the 
 Greeks, in the " Classical Studies," pp. 315, 354. 
 
 The Mhole subject of gymnastics is learnedly expounded 
 by Krause in his Gymnastik und Agonistik der Hellenen, 
 2 vols. 
 
 9G5. Toig 'Aco^i^rac, Those in the same quarter of the 
 town, neighbors, y.^ni] means not only hamlet, but quarter 
 of the city. — y.Qiurcodt] (y.niavov, harley-hran), if it snowed 
 like harley-hraii, if the snow came doivn like barley-bran. 
 " Mischievous no doubt the boys of Ilellas were, as boys 
 will everywhere be, and many pranks would they {)lay in 
 spite of the crabbed old slaves set over them by their 
 parents ; on which account, probably, it is that Plato con- 
 siders boys, of all wild beasts, the most audacious, plotting, 
 fierce, and intractable. But the urchins now found that it 
 was one* thing to nestle under mamma's wing at home, and 
 another to delve, under the direction of a didaskalos, and at 
 scliool-hours, after the bitter roots of knowledge. For the 
 school-boys of Greece tasted very little of the sweets of 
 bed after dawn. ' They rose with the light,' says Lucian, 
 ' and with pure water washed away the remains of sleep 
 which still lingered on their eyelids.' Having breakfasted 
 on bread arid fruit, to which, through the allurements of 
 their pedagogues, they sometimes added wine, they sallied 
 forth to the didaskaleion, or schoolmaster's lair, as the comic 
 p:oets jocularly termed it, summer and winter, whether the 
 morning smelt of balm, or was deformed by sleet or snow 
 drifting like meal from a sieve down the rocks of the 
 Acropolis. 
 
196 NOTES. 
 
 " Aristophanes has left us a picture, dashed off with hig 
 usual grotesque vigor, of a troop of Attic lads marching on 
 a winter's morning to school. 
 
 "'Now will I sketch the ancient plan of training, 
 
 When justice was in vogue and wisdom flourished. ^ 
 First, modesty restrained the youthful voice, 
 So that no brawl was heard. In order ranged, 
 The boys from all the neighborhood appeared, 
 Marching to school, naked, though down the sky 
 Tumbled the flaky snow like flour from sieve. 
 Arrived, and seated wide apart, the master 
 First taught them how to chant Athena's praise, 
 "Pallas unconquercd, stormcr of cities!^' or 
 "Shout for resounding," in the selfsame notes 
 Their fathers learned. And if, through mere conceit. 
 Some innovation-hunter strriincd his throat 
 With scurril lays mincing and quavering. 
 Like any Siphnian or Chian fop, — 
 As is too much the fasliion since that Phrynis 
 Brought o'er Ionian airs, — quickly tlie scourge 
 Rained on his shoulders blows like hail, as one 
 Plotting the Muses' downfall. In the Palsestra 
 .Custom required them decently to sit. 
 Decent to rise, smoothing the sandy floor, 
 Lest any traces of their form should linger 
 Unsightly on the dust. When in the bath, 
 Grave was their manner, their beliavior chaste. 
 At table, too, no stimulating dishes. 
 Snatched from their elders, such as fish or anise, 
 Parsley or radishes, or tlirushcs, roused 
 The slumbering passions.' 
 
 " The object of sending hoys to school was twofold : firet, 
 to cultivate and harmonize their minds by arts and litera- 
 ture ; secondly, so to occupy them that no time could be 
 allowed for evil thoughts and habits. On this account, Aris- 
 totle, enumerating Archytas's rattle among the principal 
 toys of children, denominates education the rattle of boys. 
 In order, too, that its eflhct might be the more sure and per* 
 
» NOTES. 197 
 
 manent, no holidays or vacations ajDpear to have been al 
 lowed, while irregularity or lateness of attendance was 
 severely punished. The theories broached by Montaigne, 
 Locke, and others, that boys are to be kept in order by 
 reason and persuasion, were not anticipated by the Athe- 
 nians. They believed, that, to reduce the stubborn will to 
 obedience, and enforce the wholesome laws of discipline, 
 masters must be armed with the power of correction, and 
 accordingly their teachers and gymnasiarchs checked w^ith 
 stripes the slightest exhibition of stubbornness or indocility." 
 St. John, Vol. I., pp. 167-1G9. 
 
 967. This line contains the first words of two old poems, 
 " riaV.uda TteQOtTto'hv deivdv" is the beginning of a song by 
 Lamprocles, the son of Midon, an ancient Athenian poet. 
 One stanza of it is preserved by the scholiast in two 
 forms : — . ^ 
 
 UalTiada TzepaeTzoTiCV /c?i,7?'^6; TroTie/iadoKOV ayvav, 
 ' Iloida Aidf niyakov dafiuGtmrov • 
 
 Jla?i?Mda 7tepaeTro2,Lv, detvuv deov, kypeK.v6oi[iOv, 
 IioTLK?irf^c), 7ro2.e/j,a66Kov, ayvav 
 Ilaida Aiof neyu}.ov dafiaaiTtnOV. 
 
 Of this strain Mitchell says, — "Its broad, massive, and 
 sonorous diction presents a strong contrast to the lighter and 
 more attenuated forms of speech which it was the object of 
 Euripides and the new school to introduce into lyric strains 
 and to which corresponding harmonies being set, no smal', 
 mischief must have followed in a town where music formed 
 so large a branch of public education.-" The second, Trjls- 
 TtoQov 11 ^oafjia, is said by the scholiast to be taken from one 
 of the poems of Cydias, a poet of Hermione. A single 
 word more, IvQug, is all of it that is preserved. 
 
 968. ' Evzcivan^vovg zt^v aQfiOTiur. " Harmonia utentes 
 ■'aitensa et mascula, non vero molli et fracta." Kuster. " Tqv 
 
 17* 
 
198 NOTES. * 
 
 mdagav, cog ovvrovov ovo7]g rijg nakaiag aq^oviag, om av&i' 
 nivrig, ag ol vioi tTtevoTj^av." Schol. 
 
 970. ^(0[ioXox£vaaiT, from ^w^ioloxog, which was originally, 
 as its etymology indicates, ajDplied to persons who loitered 
 about altars, to pick up or beg the remnants of the sacrifice 
 for a meal ; then, to persons who were ready to play the 
 buffoon for the sake of a meal ; according to Passow, the 
 verb is here used with reference to the degenerated music 
 of the age of Aristophanes, which had departed from its 
 ancient simple and earnest character, and now courted the 
 applause of the multitude by every kind of artifice. Trans- 
 late this and the following line, Jf any one of them played off 
 vulgar artijices, or turned a winding hout, like these hard- 
 turned cadences that the present artists mahe, after the man- 
 ner of Phrynis. Phrynis was a musician from Mitylene, 
 and is said to have gamed the prize in a musical contest at 
 the Panathenaic festival, in the archonship of Callias. 
 " The writings of Plato," says Mitchell, " as well as of Aris- 
 tophanes, are full of references to a great revolution which 
 about this tmie was taking place in the national music of 
 Athens, and which, by substituting a lighter and more 
 effeminate style for the solemn and masculine one which had 
 hitherto prevailed, "vvas effecting -a great corruption of pub- 
 lic manners. At the head of this school were the persons 
 in the text, Cinesias, Melanippides, and others." 
 
 972. ' ETtErQt^aro .... dqiavil^coy (understand TiXrjydg after 
 7to)2dg), He was soundly thrashed with many blows, as scar- 
 ing the Muses away. 
 
 973. ^Ev 7iaidorQi§ov. The 7t aider Qi§7]g was the teacher 
 of bodily exercises, -^ the educator of the body, as the xiOa- 
 QLoriig was one of the educators of the mind. — tov ^ir^Qdv 
 
 . . . TtQO^aXeadai, " proetenta tunica vel prsetento cingulo, 
 femora ohtegere.'^ Brunck. " rovrtariv, evxaoiiicog xadsadiivai, 
 cog fir^dtv xoTg TteQiEaxcoaiv vTtodtJhai daoa^ov" Sch. 
 
 975, 976. Elz' .... 'AazaleiTtsiv. A scholiast says, — ; 
 
NOTES. 199 
 
 ** (Ti'jwtp^(T«f, dvTt rov ovyyjai xiiv y.onv, w,* fjirj Gr^[iEiov, /] tvTtov 
 anolMTtcodai taig y^adtdQuig ' tv yuQ yjufif^Ko leTZtordty tyv^vd- 
 ^ovTO, Kart'ipojv ds rov tottov, otzov taadtZoiTO, iva /</) otji-ieiov 
 T/%' 7^^i]g tairtcov y.araleiipetav xolg tQuaraTg' TtUQeyuvvto yuQ, 
 WOTS, yv^ivovg ooflv zovg t(jco^ei>ovgJ' 
 
 981-983. Ovd' .... tvaXld^. The poet is describing 
 certain kinds of food which the youth of an earlier and 
 * -more disciplined age were not allowed to eat, on account of 
 their supposed heating qualities. x8q)dlcuov rtjg Qaq:ar?dogy 
 radish-head. drr^dov, dill, othvor, celery, oipocfuym', to 
 eat Jishj lish being used as a relish and a luxury. It is re- 
 marked by Athena^us, that the heroes of Homer are never 
 represented as eating fish, xiyliteiv means both io indidge 
 in tittering, to giggle, and to eat yJylag, a species of bird 
 called the thrush ; the poet probably chose tlie word on ac- 
 count of this twofold meaning, intimating that both were 
 improper for the young, and were carefully avoided in 
 former times, ovb^ la'^eiv zco TtoS' IrcOld^, nor to Jceep the 
 feet crossed, or nor to sit cross-legged. It is singular that 
 this attitude should be mentioned as among the bad manners 
 of the poet's time. Among the remains of ancient art there 
 is, perhaps, not one representing a man, woman, god, or 
 daemon sittino; cross-le":<2;ed. 
 
 O DO 
 
 984, 985. '^Qyaid .... Bovcfovicov. The answer of Adi- 
 cologus contains expressions of the strongest contempt for 
 the opinions of his opponent. Pie stigmatizes them as too 
 old, musty, antiquated, and antediluvian, to be held in a 
 moment's respect by a man of sense. ^i7toh(6di], from /JiT- 
 Ttoha, the name of a very ancient feast held in honor of 
 Zei'g UoXiavg, — Diipolia-like, that is, antiquated, tstti'/mv 
 drdfisara, fidl of grasshoppers. The most ancient Athenians 
 wore golden grasshoppers in their hair, as emblems of their 
 claim to the character of aboriginal inhabitants of the land. 
 CVcides was an old dithyrambic poet, mentioned, it is said, 
 by Cratinus ; Sternhold and Hopkins, perhaps, would be 
 
200 NOTES. 
 
 the modern English equivalent, xru BovqiGvicov. The fol- 
 lowing account is given by Mitche]!, from Creuzer, of this 
 very ancient festival. " Among the lav/s given by Tripto- 
 lemus to the Athenians, three more especially I'emarkable 
 -were, ' Reverence your elders/ ' Honor the gods by offerings 
 of the first-fruits/ 'Hurt not the laboring beast/ i. e. the 
 beast employed in agriculture. The first who offended 
 agains^t this latter command was a person named Thaulon,- 
 who, at the feast of the Zevg Flohevg, observing a steer eat- 
 ing the sacred TtoTtavov on the altar, took up an axe and 
 slew the trespasser. The expiation feast {^ovqjovici) insti- 
 tuted for the purpose of atoning for this involuntary offence, 
 it was found afterwards expedient to continue. The cere- 
 monies observed in it are not a little amusing. First was 
 brought water by females appointed for the office, for the 
 purpose of sharpening the axe and knife with which the 
 slaughter was to be committed. One of these females hav- 
 ing handed the axe to the proper functionary, the latter 
 felled the beast, and then took to flight. To slay the beast 
 outright was the -office of a third person. All present then 
 partook of the flesh. The meal finished, the hide was 
 stuffed, and the beast, apparently restored to life, was put 
 to the plough. Now commenced the steer-trial. A judicial 
 assembly was held in the Prytaneum, to which all were 
 summoned who had been partakers in the above transac- 
 tion. Each lays the blame upon the other. The water- 
 bearers throw the guilt upon the sharpeners of the axe and 
 knife ; the sharpener of the knife casts it upon the person 
 delivering it to the feller of the beast; the feller of the 
 beast upon the actual slaughterer, while this last ascribes 
 the whole guilt to the knife itself. The knife, unablp to 
 speak, is found guilty and thrown into the sea." This is 
 apparently the origin of the modern deodand. 
 
 985, 98G. ^AIX .... tdQexpnv, But yet these are the things 
 by which my training nurtured the men who fought at Mar- 
 
NOTES. • 201 
 
 athon. The reverence cherished by the Athenians for the 
 men who fought at Marathon is well illustrated in the fol- 
 lowing passage from "Wordsworth's " Pictorial Greece." 
 " To the traveller who visits the plain of Marathon at this 
 day, the two most attractive and interesting objects are the 
 Tumulus or mound, which has been described as standin"' 
 between the two Marshes, and about half a mile from the 
 sea ; and, at a distance of a thousand yards to the north of 
 this, the substructions of a square building, formed of large 
 blocks of white marble, which now bears the name of Pyr- 
 gos or Tower. Beneath the former lie the remains of the 
 one hundred and ninety-two Athenians who fell in the bat- 
 tle ; the latter is the trophy of Miltiades. To bury these 
 heroes on the spot where they fell was wise and noble. 
 The body of Callimachus, the leader of the right wing, was 
 interred among them ; and as they fought arranged by tribes 
 in the field, so they now lie in the same order in this tomb. 
 Even the spectator of these days, who comes from a distant 
 land, Avill feel an emotion of awe, when looking upon the 
 simple monument, with which he seems as it were to be left 
 alone on this wide and solitary plain ; nor will he wonder 
 that the ancient inhabitants of this place revered those who 
 lie beneath it as beings more than human, — that they heard 
 the sound of arms and th<3 neigliino; of horses around it, in 
 the gloom of the night, and that the greatest orator of the 
 ancient world swore by those who lay buried at Marathon, 
 as if they were gods." — pp. 113, 114. 
 
 In 1853, I had the great pleasure of visiting the field of 
 Mai*athon and of riding over the battle-ground. Herodo- 
 tus describes it with perfect accuracy, as a place most suita- 
 ble for the evolutions of cavalry. The mound was opened 
 at the top, and on the sides were a few small trees and 
 shrubs. The plain is still uninhabited, except at the old 
 monastery of Vrana, and the little hamlet of Marathona; 
 but the striking beauj^y of the scenery around — the mouii- 
 
202 NOTES. 
 
 tains which shut it in, the Euboean strait and the island be- 
 yond, the blue sea — form an assemblage of picturesque 
 features which the eye is never wearied with gazing upon : 
 while the great associations of history people the solitude 
 with mighty forms, and fill the silence with the solemn 
 voices of the past. 
 
 In further illustration of .this passage, we may give part 
 of the words in the oath above alluded to. It occurs in the 
 Oration on the Crown. ^A)X ovx aariv, om eoriv oTtcog 
 T/fiaQtere, av^Qeg ^Adiivcuoi, rov vtuq ryg aTtuvrmv tXevdcQiag 
 xai ccatTjQiag yJvdvvov dgdy-svoi' ov [id rovg Iv MaQaOavi 
 TTQoyuvdvvsvGavTag rmv TrQoyovaw, yai rovg Iv TIXaraiaTg naqa- 
 za^a^ib'vovg, aar rovg Iv 2^ala[iTn vavixairiGavtag^ x. r. h 
 
 987. y (fjarioig .... tvr6tv7u)r6ai, to be wrapped up in the 
 liimatia. These garments were not worn by the young in 
 the earlier and simpler days of Athens. 
 
 988, 989. "Qore .... TQnoyEvdijg. The allusion here is 
 to a j^rocession of young men during the great Panathenaic 
 festival, when those taking part in it were allowed to wear 
 their' arms. It was on this occasion that Harmodius and 
 Aristogeiton attempted to slay Hippias and Hipparchus, — 
 an attempt the history of which is given by Thucydides, VI. 
 57. It would seem that in former times, " it had been the 
 custom to protect the breast only with the shield ; in the days 
 of Aristophanes, let it suffice to say, that the shield was 
 applied also to the covering of the lower parts." Mitchell. 
 " Juvenes armati, qui pompam prosequebantur, erant, nudi 
 brachiis et cruribus, sago brevi induti ; et antiquitus clypeis 
 pectus tegebant, non inferiores partes, quod nunc fiebat 
 (pravo pudore, cujus expertes erant proavi innocentes.") 
 "Wieland. dn^lri trig T()iroyEVEli]g Bergler explains ^^7iou 
 respicit Palladem, nee pudet eum, saltantem in festo Palla- 
 dis cum armis, ad tegendum veretrum uti clypeo ; quum 
 enim clypeus sit gestamen Palladis, ipsa dea (yirgo) dede- 
 core afficitur, cum ejus arma ita dehonestantur." 
 
NOTES. 203 
 
 991. noii ^aloLVEioiv uTtr^^odai, and to ahstain from haths. 
 The reason why baths are so often spoken of as deserving 
 of censure, and as corru2)ting the manners of the people, 
 is, that, instead of being the simple means of health and 
 cleanliness, as they had been in former times, they were 
 now become tnagnificent establishments, resorted to ]>y the 
 idle and the vicious, who passed whole days there, and 
 made .them the scenes of every species of debauchery. The 
 modern ^vord hagnio ow^es its meaning to similar facts. 
 
 995. on .... dvaTtldrteiv, because you mean to form an 
 image of modesty. The passage is an obscure one, and 
 many various readings have been suggested. Bothe reads 
 rt, ... [it'V.eig .... dvanh^oeiv, and takes draTth'jaeiv in 
 the sense explained by Suidas, to pollute ; ivhich icill pollute 
 the heauty (or ornament^ of thy modesty. Hermann has 
 the same reading with the exception of (^it'V.eig, and under- 
 stands Tioixov after o ri, — doing which, you will pollute the 
 heauty of your modesty. Bothe ' compares this use of 
 d.va.nL]fiiiv with the German vollmacheii, which is sometimes 
 used with the meaning of to pollute. But- the reading in the 
 text seems to be the best and most poetic. There is a pas- 
 sage in Demo'sthenes, Contra Aristog. 780, which illustrates 
 the passage and the meaning above assigned to it. In 
 speaking of the religious feelings which have led men every- 
 where to raise altars and build temples to the gods, he 
 adds, — " '/.Of. /tUijg yz, xai Evvo^lag, y.ai Aldovg daiv dnaoiv 
 drdQOJTZoig ^aixot, a I ntv y.d}.).iGTOi y.ai dy icoTaro i tv 
 avT^ tfi i/^i^x^ iy.datov aai ry opvoEi." Kock adopts 
 another reading, 6 n zr^g Aldovg fitV.n Tuya7.fia Ttaldoaeiv, 
 which shall befoul the figure of Modesty, 
 
 997. M7p,cp. " dvzl Tov "Eq(x)ti" says the scholiast ; since 
 the apple is sacred to Venus. Virgil's 
 
 " Malo me Galatea petit lascivia puella," 
 
 refers to the same thino;. 
 
204 X T E s . 
 
 998, 999. fir^d' ^lancxov .... i^h'^iav, nor, calling your 
 father^ '•^ Japetus" reproach him xcith his age. Japetus was 
 the brother of Cronus, and therefore, like that, means a 
 musty old fellow, an old quiz. The last part of the passage 
 is diiferently explained bv Schiitz, — to resent the chastise- 
 ments which you have endured in childhood. It means, 
 rather, to deal harshly or angrily xcith the age (that is, the 
 old age) of him hy whom your infancy was sustained. Lr^- 
 QOTQO(fcir, constructed in the active voice with an accusative, 
 means to support in old age. See Demosthenes, Contra 
 Timoc. 7 Go : Top 8* iuvrov TtattQa ovrat p;QOTQoq:cT. 
 
 1001. ToTg .... ^hrouduiiar, You icill be like the sons of 
 Hippocrates, and they xcill call you hoohy. The sons of 
 Hippocrates, like the sons of many other great men, were 
 as famous for their stupidity as their father was for his 
 •wisdom. The schohast says, — " OiVot dat, TcLhGiTtTtog, 
 Jr^uoqicSr, UcoiA/S^g, diapa'/J.o^iEioi eig ladlai; Ttiese are Tele- 
 sippus. Dornophon, and Pericles, ridiculed for their HOG- 
 GiSH^'ESS. The similarity of the sounds of vh'oir, and the 
 dative ioiv of ig, a swine, enabled the poet to make this 
 point in the present passage. Shro^uuuug is a comp6und 
 of p/Jrov, the name of an insipid herb, orach: and fidfi^ta, a 
 child's word for mother. It means something like mammy's 
 darling, little ninny, idiot, and the like. 
 
 1003. r(jipo/^y.rou7ze).\ from Toi^o'/.og, a triple point, and 
 sometimes the point of a joke, or epigram, and iiAXQaTTEKog^ 
 unusual or unnatural. The compound seems to signify 
 forced sarcasms, — such as a person who has a reputation 
 for being what is called sarcastic thinks it is his duty to 
 seek occasions for making, — stale witticisms. 
 
 1004. OvS^ .... '/h6'/oam).oychc7tiToi7Zt') , ^or when 
 called to trial on a little suit, that may by slippery arts be 
 turned to the opponent's ruin. Many examples of words* 
 made up of many, in this fashion, occur in Aristophanes. 
 This is compotmded of yUa'iQog, dvziloyiaj and i^cTiizoiTiTog. 
 
NOTES. 205 
 
 1005. !^/./.' .... uTiodoiiei^ But, descending to the Acad 
 emy, you shall run heneath the sacred olives. The Aca<lemy 
 was situated a short distance from Athens, on the Cephi^sus, 
 and was so called from its original owner, Academus, who, 
 according to a scholiast, left his property to ornament the 
 place. It was afterwards a gymnasium, adoraed bj Cimon 
 with trees, and walks, and fountains. " Here was an altar 
 to the Muses, with statues of the Graces by Speusippus, a 
 sanctuary of Minerva, an altar of Prometheus (the Light- 
 bringing), of C«pid, of Hercules, and others. Here Plato, 
 who possessed a country-seat (called Cephissia) in the 
 neighborhood, gave his instructions ; and after him all his 
 followers. Long was the silent sanctuary of Philosophy ob- 
 served and spared even by foes ; till Sylla cg,used its beauti- 
 ful row of planes to be cut down, and converted into 
 machines for war. The Academy, however, was repaired, 
 and flourished till the time of Julian." ]SIitchell. 
 
 The nooicu, or sacred olives, were the olives in the Acad- 
 emy, derived, according to the Attic legend, from the olive 
 planted by Athena after her victory over Poseidon. The 
 name refers to their partition from the original stock. 
 Wordsworth says, — " All the Athenian olives were thus 
 conceived to be the offspring of one sacred parent; they 
 were the offspring of the wdll of ]^Iinerva ; the sanctity of 
 the parent serving to protect its offspring. Of the parent's 
 sanctity proofs even historical were offered, and as willingly 
 accepted by the Athenians This original olive-tree was 
 burnt to the ground by the Persians, when they took the 
 Acropolis ; its site was subsequently visited on the same 
 day ; the tree was then found to have shot forth fresh 
 sprouts, two cubits in height" As to a race in the Academy, 
 Mitchell truly observes, — "A foot-race, and almost a foot- 
 fall, in such a place, may at first, perhaps, startle the 
 reader ; but it must be remembered, that, at the time the 
 Clouds was exhibited, the Academy was a place devoted 
 
 18 
 
206 NOTES. 
 
 to bodily, not to mental amusements. The genius of Plato 
 had yet to sanctify it as the abode of intellectual attain- 
 ments." The valley of the Cephissus is still covered with 
 olive grove, and a few fragments of sculpture and archi- 
 tecture mark the site of the Academy. 
 
 1007. aTtQayfioavvj'ig, leisure. "To live in the odor of 
 aTtqayiioovvri at Athens must have been almost as fortunate 
 as dying in the odor of sanctity in the Papal Church." 
 Mitchell. The pleasure of doing nothing — the dolce far 
 niente — is not yet forgotten in Athens,* nor anywhere 
 else. 
 
 1008. Ttldravog. " Magnam vero loco jucunditatem fa- 
 ciebant platani excelsce cubitorum triginta sex, quas laudat 
 Plinius.'* Brucker. 
 
 Dicaeologus closes this part of the dialogue by presenting 
 contrasted pictures of the physical, moral, and intellectual 
 effects of the two opposite systems. He does this in such a 
 way as to satirize the public and private vices of the Athe- 
 nian people. The Antimachus mentioned in line 1022 was 
 a person often held up to contempt by the comic writers for 
 his dissoluteness and unnatural vices. 
 
 1035. ytXmt 6(pX7jaeig, incur laughter, become an object of 
 ridicule. 
 
 lOol.' HQCixXsia lovrqa; A scholiast . upon these words 
 thus discourses : ^ " Ibycus says, that Vulcan made a gift to 
 Hercules of a bath of warm water, from which some affirm 
 that warm baths are called Herculean ; but others say that 
 Athena sent up warm baths for Plercules wdien fatigued 
 with his toils ; Peisander, for example, writes, * And the 
 blue-eyed Athena made for him, at Thermopylae, a warm 
 bath, on the shore of the sea.' " Brunck says, — " Aquas 
 natura calidas, OsQ^av are)[va QWiiara, Herculis balnea vo- 
 cabant." The hot springs of ^Thermopylas still serve the 
 weary traveller, to refresh him after a hard days' ride, on a 
 Thessalian steed, over the mountains. They are put also to 
 
NOTES. 207 
 
 a very practical use by the present proprietor — tliey turn a 
 corn-mill night and day, grinding for the inhabitants of 
 many neighboring villages. 
 
 1063. '0 . . . . f-iaycaoav, Peleus, on this account received 
 the sword. The allusion is to a story of Peleu.-, according 
 to which Hippolyta, the wife of Acastus, king of lolcos, in 
 Thessaly, fell in love with him, and, meeting with the same 
 sort of treatment that Potiphar's wife received from Joseph, 
 had recourse to similar means of vengeance. Acastus 
 caused him to be carried to a solitary spot, stripped off his 
 arms, and then exposed to wild beasts. And when he was 
 on the point of being torn in pieces, the gods sent Hermes 
 to him with a SAvord of Hephaestean workmanship, by 
 means of which he 'escaped the danger. 
 
 ■ 1065, 1066. 'Tmo'^olog .... ^dycaoap, But HyperholuSf 
 he of the Iat?ips, got hy his villcmy many a talent {liicv^Wj^ 
 more than many talents), hut not a sword, no, hy Zeus, 0, 
 no ! Hyperbolus was a lamp-maker, who acquired wealth, 
 and was accused of cheating his customers in the materials 
 of his lamps. He became a noted demagogue. 
 
 1070. y.QoriTZTiog, " a prodigious old dolt.'* It is by a simi- 
 lar use of the word IrtTtog in addition that we get a sense 
 to such expressions as the following in the Aristophanic 
 writings. Pac. 180, i7t7toy.uvdaQog. Ran. 820, o/^^ad' iTtno'pd' 
 nova." Mitchell. Compare the English, "a horse-laugh." 
 
 1073. '/.orxd^mv. The cottabus was a social game intro- 
 duced from Sicily into Greece. In its simplest form, one 
 of the company threw from a goblet a certain quantity of 
 pure wine into a metal basin, so as not to spill any of it, 
 thinking of or pronouncing the name of his mistress in the 
 mean time, drawing conclusions with regard to the feelinn;s 
 of the object of his love from the sound with which the 
 liquid struck against the metal basin. Another form of the 
 cottabus is described by Athena^us. Small empty bowls 
 
208 NOTES. 
 
 were set in a basin of water, and the persoti who sunk the 
 greatest number by throwing wine from his goblet, obtained 
 the prize. A third form is described by Suidas. A piece 
 of Avood was set in the ground, and another laid horizontally 
 across it, with two dishes hanging from each end ; under 
 each dish a vessel of water was placed, and in each of these 
 a gilt brazen statue called fA,dvi]g. Those who were playing 
 the game endeavored to throw wine from a goblet into 
 one of the dishes, so that it might fall upon the head of the 
 statue under the water. He who spilled the least wine 
 gained the victory, and thus knew that he was beloved by 
 his mistress. A fourth kind is described by Pollux, the 
 scholiast on Aristophanes, and Athenseus. The jAuvrig was 
 placed upon a pillar like a candelabrum, and the dish hang- 
 ing over it must, by means of wine projected from the 
 goblet, be thrown upon it, and thence fall into a basin filled 
 with water, which from this fall gave forth a sound ; and lie 
 who produced the clearest ring was the victor, and received 
 prizes consisting of eggs, cakes, and sweetmeats. The 
 chief object to be accomplished in all the various modifica- 
 tions of the cottabus was to throw the wine out of the 
 goblet in such a manner that it should remain together and 
 nothing be spilled, and that it should produce the purest 
 and strongest possible sound in the place where it was 
 thrown. In Sicily the popularity of this game was so great, 
 that houses were built for the special purpose of plajing 
 the cottabus in them. See Dictionary of Greek and Roman 
 Antiquities, p. 295. 
 
 1081. ijTTOJV, literally, less than^ that is, under the injiu- 
 ance of, or overcome hy. 
 
 1083. Ti . . . . tiXdfi ; This refers to the punishment in- 
 ilicted on adulterers, which is thus described by the schol- 
 iast : — " Quqjundag Xsii^dvovrsg xadisaav Eig tovg TtQcovaovg 
 Tovrav, y.al TtaQaxilXovtEg avxovg, r^cpQav dsQ^ij^v tTTtTtacaov, 
 Baadvovg Ixavdg tQyai^o^ievoi." 
 
NOTES. 209 
 
 1084. "E^si rira yvcofir^v liy^iv, What philosophical idea 
 will he have to prove ? 
 
 1089. ^vvri'jOQOVGiv tx rircov ; From whom do the council- 
 lors come ^ And so the que^ions Avhich follow. For an 
 account of the public ovvt^yoQOi, see Schomann on the 
 Assemblies of the Athenians, pp. 204, 245. 
 
 1097. Kac drj O'/.OTta, Well, then, I'm looldng. Dica?olo- 
 gus looks round upon the spectators, and recognizes first 
 one rake and then another, until, giving up the contest in 
 despair, he confesses himself conquered, strips off his hima- 
 tion, throws it over among the stronger party, and deserts 
 to their side. 
 
 1108. tm filv OuTsna, on one side. 
 
 1109. Oiuv dc/.tdiotg, supply OTOfimoov T),v yvudov, SJiarpen 
 his jaw for smcdl suits. — ri^v d' htoav uvrov yvudov, and his 
 other jaw, instead of the jaw on the other sidg. 
 
 11 13. Xa)Q£iz8 rvv. This is addressed by the Chorus to 
 Strepsiades and Phidippides. As they go off, the Chorus 
 address the warning words Oi^ai dt', &c., to Strepsiades. 
 By some editors, as Brunck and Bothe, these -vw^rds are 
 assigned to Strepsiades. But Bekker, Hermann, Schiitz, 
 Diudorf, and Mitchell give them as in the text. The lines 
 which follow form another parabasis, or address to the spec- 
 tators, expressing the views of the poet. 
 
 1115. Toi'g y.Qixdg, TTie judges, that is, the persons ap- 
 pointed by the archon to act as judges in the theatrical con- 
 tests. See Theatre of the Greeks, pp. 107, 108. 
 
 1116. l-A tav di'Aaicov, justly ; a frequent construction of 
 the genitive of an adjective with the preposition ty, in the 
 sense of an adverb. 
 
 1120. bTton^QLav, too much rain. 
 
 1123. I'A, Toij '/(OQiov, from his farm; as we say in Eng- 
 lish, his place, meaning his estate in the country, his farm. 
 
 1125. aq,svd6i>ij(.ig, literally, slings, used metaphorically for 
 hail, 
 
 18* 
 
210 NOTES. 
 
 1126. TtXivdsvovT, mahing brick. 
 
 1128. rojv ^vyysv(av, supply rig. 
 
 1129. "Toofxsv ZTjV vv'/aa Ttdaav, We ivill rain the whole 
 night. The poet alludes to^e hymeneal procession \Yhich 
 accompanied the bride to her husband's house by torch- 
 light. A continued rain all night would be a serious mis- 
 fortune on such an occasion. In the second volume of St. 
 John's Manners and Customs of Ancient Greece (Chap. I.) 
 there is a minute and graphic account of the marriage cere- 
 monies. After describing the preliminary rites, he pro- 
 ceeds : — " The performance of rites so numerous generally 
 consumed the whole day, so that the shades of evening 
 were falling before the bride should be conducted to her 
 future home. This hour, indeed, according to some, was 
 chosen to conceal the blushes of the youthful wife. And 
 now commenced the secular portion of the ceremony. 
 Numerous attendants, bearing lighted torches, ran in front 
 of the procession, Avhile bands of merry youths, dancing, 
 singing, or playing ,on musical instruments, surrounded the 
 
 nuptial cstf* The celebration of nuptial rites generally 
 
 jDuts people in good temper, at least for the first day ; and 
 new-married women at Athens stood in full need of all 
 they could muster to assist them through the crowd of cere- 
 monies which beset the entrances to the houses of their 
 husbands. Symbols of domestic labors, pestles, sieves, and 
 so oh, met the young wife's eye on all sides. She .herself, 
 in all her pomp of dress, bore in her hands an earthen bar- 
 ley parcher. But, to comfort her, very nice cakes of sesa- 
 mum, with wine, and fruit, and other dainties innumerable; 
 accompanied by gleeful, and welcoming faces, appeared in 
 the background, beyond the sieves and pestles. The hyme- 
 neal lay, with sundry other songs, all redolent of joy and 
 youth, resounded through halls now her own. Mirth and 
 delight ushered her into the banqueting-room, where ap- 
 peared a boy, covered with thorn-branches and oaken 
 
NOTES. • 211 
 
 boughs laden with acorns, who, when the epithalamlum chant- 
 ers had ceased, recited an ancient hymn, beginning with the 
 words, — 'I'have escaped the worse and found the better.' " 
 
 1129, 1130. coctt' i'acog ^pvXjjGerai, y.av tv AiyvTcro-) xvyEiv, 
 X. r. 1. For translation see note in the Appendix. Several 
 learned reasons have -been assigned for the poet's choosing 
 Egypt of all places in the world. One critic thinks it was 
 because it never rained there ; another, because the Egyp- 
 tians were noted rogues, and to be in Egypt would be like 
 falling into a robber's den. But it was evidently a mere 
 proverbial expression, equivalent to " I would see myself at 
 the world's end before I would do it." Bothe gives, as a 
 German equivalent, " Da mocht' er sich lieber an den 
 Blocksberg wiinschen, — He would sooner wish himself on 
 the top of the Blocksberg." 
 
 1131, seqq. Strepsiades reappears, counting off the days 
 with great anxiety. The reader .must bear in mind, that 
 the Attic month was divided into three decades, and that the 
 days of the last decade were reckoned backward ; so that 
 the bevt^QCi was the last day but one of the month, and was 
 called dsvrsQa (fdivovrog. The evrj zs y.ai via was a name 
 given by Solon to the last day of the month, because " dur- 
 ing part of the day the moon was old, and for the remaining 
 part new." 
 
 1136. Qug fxot TtQvravu. This expression was equiva- 
 lent to commencing a suit. It arose from a legal usage, 
 thus explained by Boeckh : — " The Prytaneia both parties 
 were required to deposit with the court previous to the 
 commencement of a suit, like the Sacramentum among the 
 Romans, unless the subject came within the province of a 
 dioetetes ; if the plaintiff neglected this, the officers who 
 introduced the cause quashed the suit; he who lost his 
 cause paid both the Prytaneia ; that is, his own were for- 
 feited, and he repaid the sum deposited by the winning 
 party. The amount was accurately fixed, according to the 
 
212 • NOTES. 
 
 standard of the pecuniary interests involved in the cause : 
 in suits for sums of from one hundred to one thousand 
 drachmas, each party had to deposit three ; in s-uits involv- 
 ing: sums from one thousand to ten thousand drachmas, the 
 sum to be deposited was thirty drachmas ; in greater sums, 
 probably in the same proportion." — Boeckh, Die Staats- 
 haushaltung der Athener, Vol. I., pp. 369, 370 ; English 
 translation, p. 345, seqq. 
 
 1146. rovzovl Ttqatov Xa^t, take this jirst ; that is, this 
 bag of meal, which Strepsiades has brought for Socrates, 
 according to his promise. See ante, 668, 669. 
 
 1147. KnTj .... dtdaGnalov, To 'pay some compliment to 
 the master. 
 
 1149. 6V . . . . elmjyayeg, which you just now hrought for- 
 ward, and meaning the adiKog Xoyog ; but, according to 
 some, it refers to the son, ivhom you lately led into the 
 phrontistery. Tlie former is probably the true meaning. 
 
 1154-1156. Bodoo[AaL .... toxav. Strepsiades, over- 
 joyed by the assurance of his son's successful studies, 
 breaks out in a rapturous strain of defiance to his creditors. 
 o^oloardrca, ohol-weighers, low, petty usurers. raQ/^aia, 
 principal, or capital, toxoi toxcov, interest upon inte7'est, 
 i. e. compound interest. 
 
 1167. "08" txeivog drrJQ, Here '5 your man. " The door of 
 the school opens, and Phidippides returns to the stage, a 
 singular mixture of phrontist and sophist. As the first, he 
 is of course deadly pale, and his nose seems forrned for no 
 other purpose but to hang all the world upon it, except 
 Socrates and Chierephon ; but the sharp features, the keen 
 and cunning eye, the contemptuous smile that plays about 
 the lips, and, above all, the bold, unabashed front, belong to 
 the sophistic and predominant part of him. The embraces 
 and other ebullitions of parental joy he receives as a phi- 
 losopher should, wdth the utmost coolness and indifference." 
 Mitchell. 
 
NOTES. 213 
 
 1172. iSsTv. For the construction of this infinitive, see 
 Matt. Gr. Gr., § 535 ; Soph. Gr. Gr., § 222, 6. 
 
 1172, 1173. l^u(m]riy.og xdvjiloyr/.og. In illustration of 
 these words, Mitchell aptly quotes from Ben Jonson : — 
 
 *' Men of that large profession that can speak 
 To every cause, and things mere contraries, 
 Till they are hoarse again, yet all be law ! 
 That with most quick agility can turn 
 And re-tura ; can make knots and then undo them ; 
 Give forked counsel, take provoking gold 
 On either side and put it up."- 
 
 1174. TO Tt h'yeig ov ; The Athenians were noted and 
 satirized for their inquisitive, prying disposition. Demos- 
 thenes was very severe upon this weakness, and here Aris- 
 tophanes calls the "rt Xr/eig cru;" ichat have you to say '^ 
 or, ^hat news ? something native to the place, tTtr/ojQiov. 
 Or, according to another explanation, the "zt Ib'ysig ov ;"" 
 refers to their affected way of asking questions, from a sort 
 of pretended deafness, like the English " what say ? " and 
 this the young man now has, as well as the true Attic look, 
 l^TZr/.ov pjTtog, the impudent stare. In the succeeding 
 dialogue, he puts his newly acquired faculties to immediate 
 use, by quibbling upon the term, the old and new day. 
 
 1189. y./.i^oiv, the summons. See ante, p. 153. 
 
 1191. vov^rivia, on the new moon ; that is, the first day of 
 the month. 
 
 1192. "Iva .... TtQOOtdr^xev ; And why did he tack on the 
 old day^ 
 
 1192-1195. "Iv' .... vovfiTjvi'a, TJiat, my good Sir, the 
 defendants^ making their appearance one day earlier, might 
 settle the matter of their own accord; if not, that they 
 might he brought to the torture early in the morning of 
 new-moon day ; that is, that the suit might be pressed 
 harder. 
 
 1196, 1197. Uiiig .... vha; Why, then, do not the magis- 
 
214 N T L S . 
 
 trates receive the deposits on the new moon, hut on tht 
 last day of the months that is, why do they receive them 
 one day earlier than they are entitled to by the laws of 
 Solon ? 
 
 1198. "OnEQ . . . naOiiv, They seem to me to have been af- 
 fected as the pid)lic tasters are. The nQoiivBiu Vv^ere pei'sous 
 appointed to taste beforehand the meats that were used .*5t 
 feasts. See AthenjEus, IV. 72; also St. John, YoL II., 
 p. 177, n. 2. Phidippides says that the magistrates took 
 their fees a day earlier, that they might taste their money 
 beforehand, as the nQOxivdai tasted the meats. 
 
 1201-1203. Ev y . . . . v£fr]0(Atvoi ; Strepsiades is over- 
 joyed at this specimen of his son's ingenuity in the cheating 
 art, and, turning upon the audience, abuses them in good 
 set terms for their stupidity. 'Hf^ttcocc xt'Qdr] zodv accpar, for 
 yj()d7] ijiiav xmv Goqicov (Soph. Gr. Gr., § 156, b). uQidfAog, 
 a mere number ; like Horace's " Nos numerus sumus." 
 dfiqjoQrjg vsv7]6iA.8VOi.,Jars heaped up. He compares the spec- 
 tators, sitting on rows of seats rising one above another, to 
 rows of vases in a potter's shop, arranged on successive 
 lines of shelves. 
 
 1212. ^AXX .... Eariaaai. Strepsiades here leads his 
 son away to a feast which he is about to give in honor of 
 this great occasion. But Pasias, one of the usurers to 
 whom Strepsiades is indebted, suddenly makes his appear- 
 ance, talking the matter over with the person whom he has 
 brought- to witness the summons that he is going, to serve 
 U[)on his debtor. See ante, p. 156. 
 
 1215, 1216. aXka .... TTQay^ara, hut it woidd have been 
 better at once to lay all delicacy aside, tJian to have this 
 /rouble. He .means, that he regrets not having had tlie 
 courage to refuse the money at first ; for then he would 
 nave been spared all the trouble and vexation that he is 
 likely to incur by getting into a quarrel and going to law 
 with his neighbor. 
 
NOTES. . 215. 
 
 1220. *AxaQ .... yiaxaiayivva, But I loill never disgrace 
 my country ; that is, I will never, by relaxing one iota of" my 
 legal rights, discredit my birth, as a true citizen of Athens, 
 that most litigious city. So he proceeds to serve the 
 notice upon Strepsiades, and is encountered at once by 
 the demurrer which the young sophist has previously sug- 
 gested. 
 
 1235. Koiv .... rQico^olov, I would e^en pay doum three 
 oholi more to swear. 
 
 1237. 'A).6iv .... ovtoai, This fellow luoidd he henejited, 
 if he were to he ruhhed over with salt. He pretends to 
 think the usurer out of his wits ; rubbinoj with salt beinjj, 
 according to a scholiast, the treatment to which the insane 
 were subjected. 
 
 1238. "£^ .... ^coQijastai, He will hold six choes. The 
 choils was an Attic measure of liquids, holding between five 
 and six pints. He is speaking derisively, as if he were 
 examining a goblet or amphora. 
 
 1239. 1240. O'v , . . . xaraTtQoi^si, By great Zeus and the 
 other gods, you shall not ahuse me with impunity. 
 
 1241. Kai .... eidoGiv, And to the knowing ones, Zeus, 
 siDorn hy^ is ridiculous. 
 
 1246. Tl . . . . dQuaeiv ; This is addressed to the witness 
 whom the usurer has brought with him. Strepsiades, in the 
 mean time, has left the stage. In a few moments he re- 
 appears with a 'AaqSoTiog, and plies his creditor with some 
 of the philosophical and grammatical questions that he has 
 himself learned. 
 
 1252. Ov^, oGov yi [i eidsvai, No, not as I hnoiv of. For 
 the construction, see Matt. Gr. Gr., § 545 ; Soph. Gr. Gr., 
 § 223, 2. 
 
 1253, 1254. Ovaovv .... dvgag ; Will you not he off, 
 about the quickest, from my door ? " Celeritatis notio au- 
 getur additis verbis dvvaag ri ddoaov." Dindorf. 
 
216 • NOTES. 
 
 1257, 1258. Kairoi .... y.aQdoTtov, A7id yet I doiiH want 
 you to suffer thu, merely because you loere fool enough to call 
 a cardopos, t^v y.dQdoTtov. 
 
 1259. '1(6. Anotliei" creditor, Amynias, arrives, and just 
 at this moment bis chariot breaks down, and loud cries are 
 lieard. 
 
 12G1. Tav ..... Icpdsy^ato ; ft was not one of the dce- 
 mons of Care nus that shouted, was it ? Carcinus was 
 accustomed to mtroduce heroes or demigods in his tragedies, 
 makinf? bittej' lamentations. These characters were sus- 
 tained by the «ons of the tragedian. 
 
 12G4, 126r. ^^ oyJ.tjQs .... aTtcolsoag. These exclama- 
 tions of Amyuias are quotations from some one of the plays 
 of Carcinus. or his son Xenocles. Mitchell observes, 
 acutely, — " I'f hen we recollect that the Attic theatre was 
 opened onlj at distant intervals, but that the whole day was 
 devoted to t ae drama, tragedies and comedies succeeding each 
 other, it se^-nis not improbable that the comic poets would 
 often keep nn eye upon their brethren of the buskin, to see 
 whethe?' F^^mething might not occur which might be put to 
 instant m-K, in the shape of parody or travesty. In the 
 pr^se'D* ir'dtance, for example, why may not Amynias^s ac- 
 cident be :a parody on a similar one which some hero or 
 god had huffered in a tragedy of Xenocles (son of Car- 
 cinus), the quotations here put into the mouth of Amy- 
 nias being the same which, not many hours before, had 
 come upon the ears of the audience in the deep tones of 
 ti'agedy ? " 
 
 126G. Ti . . . . y.ay.ov ; What harm has Tlepolemus done 
 you. ? The words quoted in the preceding line m.ay^ have 
 l;(en uttered by the tragic character, Tlepolemus, son of 
 Ilei-acie.s; or the allusion may be, as Mitchell supposes, 
 U) the stoiy of Tlepolemus having accidentally killed his 
 lather's uncle, Licymnius (son of Electryon and brotlier of 
 Alemene), intending only to beat the slave by whom Licym- 
 liius was attended. See II. 11. 653-670 (especially 662, (jQo). 
 
NOTES. 217 
 
 1269. 'Atu y.aawg TZeTtQayozi, especially as I have been so 
 unluchy. 
 
 1271. Kaxcog .... doxeTg, You were really unlucky, as I 
 think ; that is, when you lent my son the money ; for you 
 never will get back an obol. 
 
 1272. "InTtovg tXavvosv. This again is a parody from 
 fiome tragic scene. 
 
 1273. djz ovov y.axunBcwv ; A proverbial expression, ap- 
 plied to persons who do any thing inconsiderately. There 
 is also a play upon the similarity of art ovov and dno vov. 
 
 The scene that now ensues is ono of the most humorous 
 in the play. The ingenious argument of Strepsiades against 
 usury has been, in substance, frequently and very gravely 
 urged in modern times. 
 
 1298, ov'ti D.ag, w aa^cpoQa ; Strepsiades pricks him with 
 the goad, and addresses him as if he were a horse. (7«ft- 
 (foqa, the horse so called from the brand. 
 
 1300. Tov osiQaqiOQOv, the rein-horse, the horse that was 
 not in the collar under the yoke. 
 
 1301, 1302. sfieXlov .... ^vvodqioiv, I thought I should 
 start you with your wheels and span. For the use of f.it)2ca 
 with the fut. inf., see Matt. Gr. Gr., § 498, d. Schtitz thinks 
 the expression refers to the wheels and chariot which were 
 the occasion of the debt to Amynias ; " id vero cornice sic 
 effertur, quasi Amynias tanquam equus asiQaqiOQog ipse cur 
 rui alligatus esset." But the phrase is probably only a cant 
 expression, like one frequently used by political newspaper 
 editors, when they speak, in their slang, of an opponent 
 being beaten, horse, foot, and dragoons. 
 
 1304. [f^«(j^«/c, the MSS. reading in ihis verse doe> not 
 {!gi-ee with f^/^'ret in the antistrophe, and is probably ( orrn|:t. 
 The common emendation s'^uijdek means elated, p^rffed ///>.] 
 
 1320. "loag .... Evvai, Perhaps, perhaps he will wish 
 that his son were dicmb. That is, he will be likely to receive 
 such treatment at the hands of his scapegrace son, that ho 
 
 19 
 
218 NOTES. 
 
 would rather hare him dumb than gifted with such elo- 
 quence. No sooner is the prediction uttered than it is ful- 
 filled. Loud cries are heard from Strepsiades, calling upon 
 his neighbors for help against his son, who has been giving 
 him a beating. Not only so, but the young reprobate very 
 coolly admitting the fact, turns his newly acquired logical 
 powers to use in defence of the act. Thus Strepsiades 
 begins to reap the fruits of his dishonest schemes. 
 
 1323. Ttdcri Ttj^vy, hy all means, with all your power. 
 
 1324. Oiiioi .... yvddov, dear, poor wretch that I am ! 
 my head and my jaw ! Genitive of exclamation. See 
 Soph. Gr. Gr. § 194, 2. 
 
 1333. Kai .... bi'AYi ; And how can it he just to heat a 
 father ? 
 
 1338-1341. 'Edida^diir^v .... vi8(oy. Hermann supposes 
 av to be understood after tdida^dfiT^v ; but this would change 
 the whole meaning of the passage. He does not mean to 
 say, I ivould have had you taught, etc., but. Sure enough, 1 
 have had you taught the art of opposing justice, if you are 
 going to persuade me that it is right and just for a father to 
 he heaten hy his sons ; you have learned the art with a ven- 
 geance, if this is the way you are going to apply it. 
 
 1347. 8t ^irj TO) "TtETtoiduv, had he not had something to rely 
 upon, 
 
 1352. ndyxGiq .... ^^uMziq. The future used as an im- 
 perative, or in the sense of you must do it, completely, or hy 
 all means. 
 
 1356. [Simonides wrote an ode in honor of an iEginetan 
 wrestler named Krios, which began, "Eni^uO" u 7\\noc orjc 
 utr/.i(x)g, and described how Krios decked (or comhed) him- 
 self for tlie contest. Strepsiades is made (hy a clmr.ge of 
 int^aio to fTiixOt]) to call this "The Sheaiing of the Ram." 
 See lldt. VI. 50, where an ^ginetan Krios is mentioned.] 
 
 1357, 1358. '06^'.... dXovoav, But he said at once, that 
 it was oldfashioned to play upon the lyre, cmd sing over the 
 
NOTES. 219 
 
 Wine, like a woman grinding harley. A miller's song lias 
 been preserved by Phitarch. "Akh, ^vla, ulei' y>ai juq 
 Uizraxog dlsT, fisydhjg McrvXr^vi^g ^aciXevcov. 
 
 Grind, mill, grind, 
 
 For e'en Pittacus grinds, 
 
 Of great Mitylene the king. 
 
 i 
 
 1364. dlXd, at least. The sentence is elliptical. Supply 
 tf he would sing nothing else. See Kiihner, § 322. 
 
 1371. [*i2? Ixivei. This refers to the ^olus of Euripides, 
 in wliicli Macareus offers violence to his sister Canace. See 
 Ovid, Trist. II. 384 : — 
 
 Nobilis est Canace fratris amore sui.] 
 
 1375. "Enog .... '^QeidoiAeod', Then we went at it, from 
 word to word. 
 
 1382, 1383. El ... . dgrov. Old Strepsiades reverts to 
 the care which he had taken of his ungrateful son in his 
 infancy ; when he could merely lisp, his father understood 
 him and supplied his wants ; when he said ^qvv (a Greek 
 baby-work for drink), he gave it him ; and when he said 
 fia^ndv, something to eat, he gave him bread ; and when 
 other necessities of infantile nature were intimated, he would 
 help the youngster through his trouble. 
 
 1395, 1396. To ... . tQe^ivdov, I would not give a chick- 
 pea for the old man's skin. Construction, gen. of price. 
 
 1399-1405. '^g .... 'Aold^siv. The young sophist is in 
 an ecstacy with his newly acquired powers. He cannot 
 help comparing his present intellectual state with his former 
 dulness and stupidity : once, when horses were his passion, 
 he could not put three words together without blundering ; 
 but now his intellects have attained to such a marvellous 
 growth, that he can prove it just to thrash his father ; — a 
 whimsical result of the new education. 
 
 1406, 1407. "iTtTievs .... eTZitQi^ijvai. Strepsiades gives 
 up in despair. He would rather come down with the money 
 
220 NOTES. 
 
 for a chariot and four, than be thus beaten within an inch 
 of his life. 
 
 1408, 1409. ^ExEiae .... hvTTteg ; Phidippides, however, 
 is not to be cheated out of his argument. He is determined 
 to prove his point ; and he does it by a most ingenious piece 
 of logic. 
 
 1415. [This verse is a parody of Eur. Alcest. 691 (whence 
 the iambic trimetei-) : — 
 
 Xalpeis bpCjv 0cDs, irarepa ov x'^'i-P^'-v doKels ;] 
 
 1423, 1424. 'Hzrov .... dvxirvTtxEiv, Since the maker 
 of this law was but a man like you and me, ivhy should nH 
 7, too, get a new law made for the future, — a law in favor 
 of sons, — that they may thrash their fathers in turn. 
 
 1429. Tikriv .... yqd^povaiv ; except that they dorUt make 
 popular decrees. The \priq)ia^a was a vote, or decree, passed 
 by the people in the I'Axlr^aia. The imdividual who pro- 
 posed the ip7jq)i6fia was said yQdq)UV, literally, to write it^ 
 that is, to bring it forward in regular form, ready drawn. 
 
 1431. xam .... xadsvdiig ; and go to roost at flight? 
 
 1434. dUaiog ei[i eyoj, I have a right. For the personal 
 construction of bmaiog, see Kiilmer, Gr. Gr. § 306, R. 
 6, 7. 
 
 1436. Mdrtjv .... rs.dvr^Eig, I shall have had my flog- 
 gings for nothing, and you will have died grinning at me. 
 
 1437. diy^aia. Strepsiades is now thoroughly convinced 
 of his error, and admits the justice of his punishment ; but 
 still the son persists in carrying out, to a more monstrous 
 length, the new principles and views of duty which he has 
 acquired under the Socratic instruction. 
 
 1440. 2^y.sxpai .... yvaiir^v, Consider still another philo- 
 sophical idea. Phidippides is mimicking the philosophical 
 cant that he has before heard his father using. — '^tto ydg 
 6).ov[A.ai, I will not ; for I shall die if I hear another. rd.Q 
 often implies a whole clause; sometimes an answer to a 
 question, sometimes an explanatory remark. Mitchell 
 thinks the meaning here is, It will he death to 7ne, if I 
 
NOTES. 221 
 
 do not consider Ms new yvconrj. But the reverse is more 
 likely to be the true meaning, — It will be the ruin of mcy 
 if I do consider the new idea. 
 
 1441. Kal .... ntnovdag, And yet perhaps you will not 
 he troubled (that is, when you have heard my new idea) by 
 having suffered what you have heretofore endured. The 
 sentence is equivocal. It may mean either, The new notion 
 will be so pleasing to you, that you will forget all your pres- 
 ent troubles ; or, It wiU be so much worse than any thing 
 you have had before, that your present troubles will seem as 
 nothing in the comparison. Strepsiades takes it in the 
 former sense ; and so did the French lady who remarks 
 upon the proposition, — " Cela est plaisant. II y a aujourd- 
 hui bien des maris, qui se consoleroient d'etre battus, si 
 leurs femmes etoient battues." , 
 
 The dialogue that follows is supposed to be aimed at Eu- 
 ripides, in several of whose plays sentiments of irreverence 
 towards mothers were introduced, besides wholesale denun- 
 ciations of all the sex. Strepsiades has still sense enough 
 left to be shocked by his son's impiety towards his mother ; 
 in fact, this last extreme of sophistic wickedness is all 
 that was wanting to work a complete moral cure in the old 
 man. 
 
 1450. ^dqadQOv. This was properly the pit into which 
 the bodies of executed criminals were thrown. 
 
 1457. tn^QSTS, instigated. 
 
 1464-1471. In the ensuinoj dialosrie between the father 
 and son, Phidippides retorts, with considerable effect, the 
 language that Strepsiades had used early in the play. 
 
 1473. zJicc rovxovi zov Jlvov, On account of this DinoSj 
 this stupid Dinos, as Kock interprets it, which Socrates has 
 put into my head. 
 
 1475. 'Erzuvda .... q)).r]vdq)a, Be mad and play the fool 
 
 for yourself. Uttering these words, Phidippides leaves the 
 
 scene. 
 
 19* 
 
222 NOTES. 
 
 1476, seqq. The old man, being left alone, exclaims 
 upon his folly in giving up the gods for Socrates. Then, 
 addressing himself to Hermes, asks his pardon and coun- 
 sel how he shall punish these audacious sophists ; atV .... 
 yQaipa(A£Vog, whether J shall prosecute them, bringing an ac- 
 tion. These are legal terms. See Demosthenes de Corona, 
 passim. 
 
 1483. 'OQdag .... di'AOQQaqjeiv, You advise me rightly, 
 not consenting that I should get entangled in a lawsuit, — 
 addressed to Hermes again, whom he affects to be listening 
 to, and to follow his advice. He calls his servant Xanthias 
 to bring a pickaxe, and climb upon the roof of the phron- 
 tisterj, and knock it in about their ears. Then, taking a 
 lighted torch, he mounts a ladder, and sets fire to the build- 
 ing. The disciples arc smoked out; and at last Socrates 
 and Choerephon come forth themselves to see what is the 
 matter. They find Strepsiades at work on the roof. 
 
 1496. /JialeTtzoloyovfjiai .... or/Uag, I'm chopping logic 
 with the rafters of the house. 
 
 1503. L4eQ0^aT0j I'lhov. Strepsiades is mimicking 
 
 and repeating the speech which Socrates made to him, on 
 his first introduction to the phrontistery, when the philoso- 
 pher was suspended in the basket, prosecuting his lofty re- 
 searches. 
 
 1506. Ti yag iiadovx. Addressed to Socrates and Chae- 
 rephon. For the idiom, see antCj note to 1. 402. 
 
 1510. iiEZQicogj enough. 
 
APPENDIX TO THE NOTES. 
 
 [The following references are to Goodwin's " Syntax of the 
 Moods and Tenses of the Greek Verb," published in Cambridge, 
 in 1865.J 
 
 Verse 5. oln av irpo rod. § 42, 3, N. 2. 
 
 6. aTToKoio. § 82. 
 
 11. peyK(t}fi€V. § 85. 
 
 21. (jiep I'So). § 85, N. 1. 
 
 24. e^eKOTTT]. § 83, 1. 
 
 35. ive^vpdcraaOai. § 23, 2. 
 
 38. KarabapOelv. § 23, 1. (Cf. § 15, 2, N. 1.) 
 
 41. &(PeX ano\i(T6at. § 83, 2. (Cf. § 49, 2, N. 3, 6.) 
 
 55. t^iacTKov &v. § 30, 2. (Cf. § 37, 3, N.) 
 
 63. Trpoo-eri^et. §11,N. 2. So with Vi^e/A?;!', vs. 65. (Cf. edefieeOt 
 
 vs. 67.) 
 
 77. § 50, 1. 
 
 79. § 52, 2. 
 
 86. eiTrep (piXels. § 49, 1. 
 
 87. TridcofjLai. § 88. 
 
 89. ai/ (a ai/) irapaivia-co. § 61, 3. 
 98. fjv Tis S»S(5. § 51. 
 
 105. pr^beu eiTTT/y. § 86. (See VS. 1478.) 
 
 106. §49, 1. 
 
 108. ovK &u, ei boir]s. § 42, 3, N. 2 ; and § 50, 2. 
 116-118. ^1/ fiddrjs, OVK av dnoboirjv ou8' av o/3oXoi/. § 54, 1 (&) } 
 § 42, 3. 
 
 119. OVK av 7ridoip.T]v. § 52, 2. 
 
 120. 8iaKeKvai(Tp€vos (=€i biuKeKvaia-fievos c'ltjv). §109,6; § 52, 1» 
 
 (See vss. 689, 792, 1237, 1383.) 
 
224 APPENDIX TO THE NOTES, 
 
 125. €t(T€iiii. § 10, 1, K 6. 
 
 142. rJKCo. § 10, 1,N. 4. 
 
 145. dWoiTo. § 70, 2. 
 
 174. tjaOrjv. § 19, N. 5. (See vs. 1240.) 
 
 176. elev, well ; properly a wish. § 82. 
 
 181. dvvcras. § 109, N. 8. (See vss. 506, 635, 1253.) 
 
 208. eVet. §§80; 81, 1. 
 
 216. GTrayayet*/. § 23, 1 5 § 91. 
 
 21 7. oliiii^eaff. § 25, 1, N. 5. (See vss. 811, 1352, 1499.) 
 
 229. fl jjiTj (sc. i^(vpov). § 52, 1. For Kpejidcras and Kora/ii^as, 
 
 see § 109, 2. 
 231, 232. § 49, 2 ; and Remark (&). 
 242. eXades yevonevos. § 112, 2. For the Aor. Part, see § 24, 
 
 N. 1. (See vs. 1079.) 
 
 245. ovTLv av TrpaTTT]. § 61, 3. 
 
 246. KaTa6i](jfLV. § 27, N. 1. 
 
 257. oTTcos jxr] 6v(r€T€ (sc. o-KOTretre). § 45, N. 7. (See vss. 489, 
 824, 882, 1177, 1464.) 
 
 267. 7Tp\v av, § 67. 
 
 268. roipieXOelv §104; Appendix IT. (See vs. 819.) 
 
 296. 01' pi) aKur^'rjs pr]8e Troirjcrrjs arrep ol rpvyo^aipoves qvtoi See 
 § 89, 2, with Notes and Remarks. [There is no good reiison 
 for emending tlie MSS. readings here to aKO)\j/eL and TroLrjo-eis. 
 The analogy of the common form pr} aicoi-^rjs would make 
 ov prj aKio-^j]^ as natural as ov prj aKcoyj/ei.'j 
 
 801. oyjrofxcvai. § 109, 5. 
 
 322. wore. § 65, 3. 
 
 S40. ri iraeova-ai. § 109, N. 7 (&). (See VSS. 402, 1506.) 
 
 345. aTT av eptopat. § 61, 3. 
 
 350. ^Kaaav. § 30, 1. (See vs. 352.) 
 
 351. r)u KaTibaxri. § 51. 
 
 352. eyevovTo. See VS. 350. 
 
 367. ov pf] XrjpTjarjs. (A prohibition.) § 89, 2. (See vss. 296, 505.) 
 371. ^prju veil/. § 49, 2, N. 3 (a). A protasis is implied : if it 
 
 could do so. 
 376. orav. § 62. 
 
 402. rt padoiv ; § 109, N. 7 (b). (See vss. 340, 1506.) 
 425. ovb' av dnavrSv. § 42, 3, N. 1. "Av, like ovd\ belongs to 
 
 5ti>xf;^^eini' .• aTravTciv being the protasis: §109, 6; §52, !. 
 
APPENDIX TO THE NOTES. 225 
 
 426. § 42, 4. 
 
 427. o Ti dpaficv. § 71. if. § 81, 1. 
 430. Xeyeiv. § 93, 2. 
 
 434. oaa with Infinitive. § 93, 1, N. 1. 
 
 439. o TL ^ovXovrai (== et ri ^ovXovrai). § 61, 1. 
 
 441. TV7rT€LU, K. T. X. § 9 7. 
 
 443. eiTTfp diacfiev^oviiai. § 50, 1, N. 1. So in VS. 452, cT /le ro- 
 
 Xoucri (Fut.). 
 466. cikrre. § 98, 1. 
 484, 485. § 51. 
 486. Xeycii/. § 91. 
 489. oTTOis. See vs. 257. orai/. § 61, 3. 
 
 494. rju TIS TVTTTT]. § 51. 
 
 499. ^copao-coi/. § 109, 5. 
 
 505. ov fil). § 89, 2, N. 1. (See vss. 296, 367.) 
 
 506. diwaas. § 109, N. 8. (See vs. 181.) 
 
 509. For another explanation of exwi/, see § 109, N. 8 ; and Liddell 
 
 and Scott, s. v. ej^oj. 
 512. yevoiTo. § 82. 
 520. vLKfjo-aifxi, vofiiCoiiJiTjv. § 82 ; and Kem. before § 12. ovTas- 
 
 § 82, N. 4. 
 535. ^v imrvxvi ^^ elliptical protasis. § 53, N. 2. 
 560. ooTt? yeka (= ei tis yika). § 61, 1. 
 579. riv ^j if there is ever, &c. § 51. 
 
 586. ov (Pavelv, k. r. X. § 74, 1 (third example from the end). 
 589. § 74, 1 (first examples). 
 614. fx^ TrpiT^. § 86. 
 618. Tjvlic av. § 62. 
 631. 7rp\v fiadeiv. § 106 ; § 67. 
 635. dvva-as. See vs. 181. 
 668. Scrre. § 65, 3. 
 680. ^v av. § 52, 2. 
 689. eVrvxooi/ (= ei evrdxais). § 109, 6 ; § 52, 1. (See VSS. 120, 
 
 792, 1237, 1383.) 
 694. Ti8pS>; § 88. 
 702. orav TreVryy. § 62. 
 716. fx^ aXyei. § 86. 
 725. ei. § 68, 3. 
 727, 728. § 114, 1 and 2. 
 729. TLs hv fm^dXoL. § 82, N. 5. 
 
226 APPENDIX TO THE NOTES. 
 
 739. orrmav. § 44, 1, N. 2. (See vss. 938, 1461.) On tlie other 
 hand, in vs. 759, oncos is an indirect interrogative, and av 
 belongs to dcpavlaeias' (So in VS. 776.) 
 
 760. Cn-^TjTeov. § 114, 2. 
 
 769.: TL diJT (iv (sc. yevoLTo). § 53, N. 3. 
 
 770. oTToVe ypd(j)0LT0, depending on ei eKTrj^aifU. § 64, 1, 
 
 776. oiras. See vs. 759. 
 
 783. ovK av diba^alfirjv. § 52, 2, Note. 
 
 792. fif) fiad(av (= iav firj /la^ca). § 52, 1. (See VSS. 120, 689.) 
 
 798. ri 7rde<o ; § 88, N. 2. (Cf. § 109, N. 7, &.) 
 
 808. oar* av KcXevrjS' § 61, 3. 
 
 811. dTTo'Xdylreis. § 25, 1, N. 5. (See vs. 1352.) 
 
 819. TO Ala vo[iiCeiv. § 104. (See vs. 268.) 
 
 823. fiadoiv. § 109, 6. (See vs. 689.) 
 
 824. oTTcos ixf] bidd^rjs. § 45, N. 7. (See vs. 257.) 
 829. i'xov. § 113; § 73, 2. 
 
 837. XovcrofxevoS' § 109, 5. 
 
 838. cMTjvep reOvrjaTos (i. e. acnrep eTroUis av, el reOvrjas ^i'). § 109, 
 
 N. 3 (5). 
 
 840. § 42, 3. 
 
 844 — 846. dpdcrco, eXco, (fypdaco. § 88. 
 
 854,855. § 30, 2; § 62, Rem. 
 
 870. § 50, 2. 
 
 882. OTTO)? p,adl]cr€Tai. § 45, N. 7. (See vs. 257.) 
 
 887. oTTcas bvvrja-erai. §45. Mefivrjao is used like eVi/xeXov. (See 
 vs. 1107.) 
 
 895. noi^. § 109, 2. 
 
 912. TraTTcov. § 73, 2. 
 
 938. Bttcos av. § 44, 1, N. 2. (See vss. 739, 1461.) 
 
 942. Siv av Xe^T}. §61,3. 
 
 965. 61 KaTavL(j)oi. § 51. (So in vs. 970.) 
 
 974. OTTCOS del^eiav. §44, 1 ; § 21, 1. 
 
 987. hrervXixdai. § 18, 3, Note. 
 1000. €1 TreiWi. § 50, 1, N. 1. 
 1009. dy!b (l)pdC<o. § 59. 
 1035. eiTTfp vneplSaXet § 49, 1, N. 3. 
 1019. TTOv^aai. § 23, 2. 
 1056, 1057. § 49, 2, Rem. (&). 
 1067. cr(jo(ppnv€7v. § 94. 
 
APPENDIX 10 THE NOTES. 227 
 
 1079. fju Tvxns dXovs. § 112, 2. For the Aor. Part, see § 24, 
 N. 1. (See vs. 242.) 
 
 1106. SiSao-Kco. § 88. 
 
 1107. fiefivT](ro ottcos- See TS. 887. 
 1125. aTTOKeKoyj/ovTai. § 29, N. 2. 
 
 tl29, 1130. ^ovXTjarerai, Kav iv AlyvTTTco ru;^eii/ av, k. r. X. The idea 
 is, so that (in view of these threats) he will sooner u-ish that 
 he might hy some chance find himself in Egypt than (wish) to 
 Judge unfairly. The Infinitive with au seems here to be 
 used after /SovXo/iat, like the Future Infinitive after that 
 and similar verbs (G. § 27, N. 2), as a sort of indirect ex- 
 pression of the substance of the wish itself, which in the 
 direct discourse would be, n5;^ot/it au av ev AlyvTrra, I would 
 find myself in Egypt (if I could). Compare e^ovXovTo 
 TrponfjLcopTjcrecrOcu, Thuc. VI. 57. 
 
 1141. OLKda-ea-dai (Cod. Paris. 2712). Vulg. diKciaaaBai, : see 
 § 23, 2, N. 3. 
 
 1151. § 63, 4 (a) ; § 54, 1 (a). 
 
 1157. § 52, 2. 
 
 1172. t'SeTi/. § 93, 2, N. 3. 
 
 1177. 5n<os o-oJo-ay. § 45, N. 7. (See vs. 257.) 
 
 1183. d iJLTj yeuoiT av. § 50,. 2, N. 2. 
 
 1211. rjVLK au. § 61, 3 (or § 62). 
 
 1227. aTroScoVeii/. § 73, 1 ; § 27. 
 
 1236. aTToXoio. See vs. 6. 
 
 1237. 8iaaixT]x6€Ls. See vs. 120. 
 
 1240. TJ(T6r]v. § 19, N. 5. (See vs. 174.) 
 
 1252. ocrov ye fi elbivai. § 100. 
 
 1253. duvaas. See vs. 181. 
 1255. ^(or]v. § 82. 
 
 1269. irenpayoTi. § 109,4. 
 
 1277. TrpoaKeKkrjadai. § 18, 3 (a). 
 
 1283. dUaios dnoXa^elu. § 93, 1, N. 2. (See vs. 1434.) 
 
 1301. e/xeXXov KLVTja-eiv. § 25, 2 ; with the notes. 
 
 1347. el p.1] TO) 'ireTToideiv. § 49, 2, Rem. (&). 
 
 1352. 8pd(T€Ls. See vss. 217, 811. ' 
 
 1371. c'kiW. § 70, 2, N. 1 (a). 
 
 1377. Sorts. § 59, N. 2. 
 
 1378. ri a etTrw; § 88. 
 
228 APPENDIX TO THE NOTES. 
 
 1382. el e'iiTois. § 51, Rem. melv, §97. hv eniaxou. § 30, 2. (See 
 
 vss. 55, 855.) 
 
 1383. alrfjoravTos (= et air^o-ftas). § 52, 1. So, in vs. 1382, 
 
 clnovTos (Tov might have been used for et eiij-ois. (See also 
 
 § 42, 3.) 
 1395. XdlSoifxeu av. § 54, 1 (a). 
 1S9S. oTTois do^Tjs. A pure final clause. §44,1. 
 1402. Trplv. § 106, N. 2. 
 1408. fxereifxi. § 10, 1, N. 6. 
 1425. Trpiv. § 106. 
 
 1433. 61 Se /XJ7, otherwise ; i. e. iav tvtttds. § 52, 1, N. 2. 
 
 1434. See vs. 1283. 
 1436. KeKkavcreraL. § 29. 
 
 1450. e'ftjSaXeTv. We might have had ^^ ovk ffi^aKeiv after ovbtt^ 
 
 KcoX^crei. § 95, 2, N. 1. 
 1458. ovTiv av yvaty^ev. § 62. 
 
 1460. eojs aj/. § 66, 4 (example 1). 
 
 1461. orro)? av. § 44, 1, N. 2. (See vss. 739, 938.) 
 
 1463. § 49, 2, N. 3 (a). 
 
 1464. OTTO)? aTToXeiy. § 45, N. 7. (See VS. 257.) 
 
 1478, 1479. evfiaivcj imrpi^ris. § 86 ; and Rem. before § 12, 
 
 1489. eoDj &v, § QQy 2. 
 
 1499. aTToXeTy. § 25, 1, N. 5. (See vs. 217.) 
 
 1506. tI fiaeoin-es. See vss. 340, 402. 
 
METRES. 
 
 [■22d) 
 
 2i) 
 
METRES, 
 
 [The references in the following Table are to Munk's Metres of 
 the Greeks and Komans, translated from the German by Beck and 
 Felton.] 
 
 Prologus, 1- 274. 
 
 Lines 1-262. Iambic trimeter acatalectic, with comic 
 license. See Munk, pp. 76, 162, 171, seqq. 
 
 263 - 274. Anapaestic tetrameter catalectic. Munk, 
 p. 101. 
 
 Chorus. 
 
 Strophe, 275 - 290 = Antistrophe, 299 - 313. Dactylic 
 system. Munk, pp. 244 - 246. 
 
 1. j-^^j-^^j. M. p. 84. 
 
 2. _L_j. j-^^d^^^JL- jL- M. p. 87. 
 
 3. jL __ ± ^^J-^^± ^^ M. p. 86. 
 
 4. _£.__l^^jl_^_l_^ lb. 
 
 5. ^ _ ^ JL _ _ M. p. 83. 
 
 6. _ M. p. 86. 
 
 7. ±-j.^^j_^^_L^^ lb. 
 
 8. j.__j.__j.__j.__ lb. 
 
 9. jL_j___±__x__ lb, 
 
 10. X ^ ^ ± _ _ ^ _ _ j_ ^ _ X - M. p. 86 (5). 
 
 n. j.^^j_^j_- M. p. 90 (b). 
 
 12. j.^^±^^±^^_L^^ M. p. 86. 
 
 13. I. _ _ X _ _ j_ _ _ J. _ _ lb. 
 
 14. _,j.wwJLwwJ-— Dactyl, trim, with anacrusis. 
 
 M. p. 84. 
 
 (231) 
 
232 METEES. 
 
 291 - 297. Anapaestic tetrameter catalectic. M. p. 101. 
 314- 438. Anapaestic tetrameter catalectic. Ih. 
 439 -456. Anapaestic system. M. p. 246, seqq. 
 
 457. s.^-^±^-- M. p. 65 (b). 
 
 458. X ^ _ _ J- ^ - _ X ^ _ M. p. 67 (c). 
 
 459. j.^^j_^^i_^^j_^^j_- M. p. 86 (5). 
 
 460. -i. ^ JL _ J. 3 Ithyphallic. M. p. 69 (3). 
 
 _ j_ _ - M. p. 75 (2), (a). 
 _,_Lww-L -^w-L Dact. trim. cat. with anacrusis. 
 _, j.^^-£.^_ j.-|ljL^_3M.p.84(3);p.64(a). 
 
 465, 466. _L__-L_^|| J., M. p. 96(c). 
 
 467, 468. -L___i._x__x__llj._j._x3 M. 
 
 p. 83 (2) ; p. 96 (c). 
 470. x_w-L__x_x__x^^x- M. p. 87 (6). 
 -^^_x_^x-|U__3 M. p. 97 (3), (b). 
 
 475. x__x__x-x__x__x M. p. 87 (6). 
 
 476, 477. Anapaestic tetrameter catalectic. M. p. 101. 
 478 - 509. Iambic trimeter. 
 
 Parabasis, 510-626. 
 
 I. Ko/z/Ltartov, 510-517. II. napa/Sao-i? proper, 518 - 562. III. 
 Ma/cpoV or TTj/ty OS", wanting. IV. 'QiS?;, 563 - 574. V. 'ETrtp- 
 pr^ixa, 575-594. VI. 'Avradr), 595-606. VII. 'Avrempprjfiay 
 607 - 626. See Munk, p. 336. 
 
 510. _-b X Anapaestic. M. p. 98, 100 (b). 
 
 511. _^__ M. p. 99 (a). 
 
 X v-' 
 
 M. p. 129, seqq.; p. 141 (2). 
 lb. lb, 
 
 lb. lb. 
 
 lb. Ih. 
 
 M. p. 75 (b). 
 
 512. x___ 
 
 513. X 
 
 514. ^___ 
 
 515. _x__ 
 
 516. _x__ 
 
 517. X 
 
 518-562. Eupolidean metre, consisting of a double basis 
 
 and a choriambus (i. e. a polyschematist Glyconic, 
 M. p. 135), followed by a double basis and a cretic. 
 
 clrc'rl llc^'-c;''- 1---.- M.p. 140. 
 
METKES. 233 
 
 Strophe, 563 - 574 == Antistrophe, 595 - 606. 
 
 1, 2. —WW— 1^ — ^— Choriamb, dimeter. 
 
 3. - w _ — I ^ - c do. catal. 
 
 4. , I w-l ■ ^ - Chor.trim. 
 
 . 5. . I I U - 3 
 
 Chor. tetr. catal. in amphibrachyn. 
 
 6. _ww — WW — WW ■ ^ Dactyl, tetrameter. 
 
 7. — WW — >_w — WW — ^ ■ . Dact. pentam. 
 
 8. _^_ J^_ I _ w w - Polyschemat. Glyc. M. p. 135. 
 9. I do. 
 
 10. __| ^w-|w- Gly conic. M. p. 134. 
 
 11. |__ f- Pherecratic. M. p. 132, 
 
 575 - 594, 607 - 626. Troch. tetr. catal. M. p. 68 (d). 
 
 627-699. Iambic trimeter. 
 
 Chorus. 
 
 Strophe, 700 - 705 = Antistrophe, 805 - 810. 
 
 1. _^w-|-Lww-|^ww-| __3M.p.l45(4). 
 
 2. _ _L w - 3 M. p. 78 (3). 
 
 3. w, -L ^ ^ jl w ^ II -L w — M. p. 95 (b), with anacrusis. 
 
 4. w -L w - 3 M. p. 78 (3). 
 
 5. w-Lw33|-JLw_|j_w^-| w-Lw-M.p.l45. 
 
 706. _ ^ w - I w J- w - M. p. 75 (b). 
 
 707. _ X _ I _ J. _ M. pp. 125, 126. 
 709, 710. Iambic trimeter. 
 
 711 - 722. Anapaestic system. 
 723 - 803. Iambic trimeter. 
 
 811. X WW- U WW- U WW- M. p. 143(3). 
 
 812. z^ 1 ^ — I i-w-^ |_Lww— |w-L3 Choriambic 
 
 tetrameter catal. in amphibrachyn, M. p. 145 (4). 
 814 - 888. Iambic trimeter. 
 889 - 948. Anapaestic system. 
 
234 METKES. 
 
 Chorus. 
 
 Strophe, 949 - 958 = Antistrophe, 1024 - 1033. 
 
 1. 3 -L ^ - I -L ^ _ _ I ^ _ .^ _ I _ J. 3 M. p. 145 (4). 
 
 2. _ ± _ _ I ^ s^ _ _ I j_ _ _ _ I _ _L c^ M. p. 145 (4). 
 
 3. The metre is uncertain, as the text of this verse is 
 
 corrupt in the Antistrophe, perhaps also in the 
 Strophe. 
 
 4. j___|j.___|j____| _L___M.p.l45(4). 
 
 5. j.^^-\^±^^\j.^^-\^'- lb. 
 
 957 - 1008. AnapjBstic tetram. cat. M. p. 101 (d). 
 1009 - 1023. Anapasstic system. 
 1034 - 1084. Iambic tetram. cat. M. p. 78 (d). 
 1089 - 1104. Iambic system. M. pp. 243, 244. 
 1105-1112. Iambic trimeter. 
 1113, 1114. Iambic dimeter and Ithyphallic: — 
 
 1115-1130. Trochaic tetrameter catalectic. M. p. 68 (d). 
 1131-1153. Iambic trimeter. 
 
 1154. _ _L _ _ 3 I w J- w - w - M. p. 78 (3). 
 
 1155. _X^-3|^-L^___ lb. 
 
 1156. — j_ ^ _Lw — wJLw— Iambic trimeter. 
 
 115'Z. _^_ j._-_^^- " " 
 
 1158. JL^^j,^^± M. p. 84 (3). 
 
 1159. _L __ j: __jl lb. 
 1160. L _ ^ — 11 — Anapaestic. 
 
 1161, 1162. _-:b_ 2., J-^- Iambic trimeter. 
 
 1163. _d^___|_-S-w- Doch. dim. M. p. 117, 6. 
 
 1164. _d-___ I _ -S-^- " " -lb- 
 
 1 1 65. _ ^ _ J J _L Anapaestic dimeter. 
 
 1166. ^__ jL__ M. p. 83 (2). 
 
 1167. _ ^. jL _ _ J. M. p. 99 (2), (a). 
 
 1168. J. ^ _ J. _ _ M. p. 83 (2). 
 
 1169. ^^^-^^~ M. p. 75 (b). 
 
METRES. 235 
 
 1171 - 1205. Iambic trimeter. 
 
 1206. ^ ^ J. ± I ^ ^ :r: Dimeter lonicus a minore catal. 
 
 M. p. 150. 
 
 1207. _, j_ ^ _ I _L ^ — Cretic dimeter with anacrusis. 
 
 1208. _, J. _ _ I J. _ _ " " 
 
 1209. _,_L__|_L__ « « 
 
 1210. _j_^_ Iambic dipody. 
 
 1211. Lv_ — w_L^ — ||j-^ — -Lw— Iambic dimeter 
 
 and Cretic dimeter. M. p. Ill (2). 
 
 1212. — 2. ^ — - j^ ^ — \\ ± ^ ± wJ-3 Iambic dimeter 
 and Ithyphallic. M. p. 69 (3). 
 
 1214 - 1302. Iambic trimeter. 
 
 Chorus. 
 
 Strophe, 1303 - 1310 = Antistrophe, 1311 - 1320. 
 
 1. Iambic trimeter. 
 
 2. Text doubtful. 
 
 3. 3-L^ — 3J-W— Iambic dimeter, 
 4:. - i.^ — — ± ^ — " " 
 
 5. — j.^ — — J-^— " " 
 
 6. _L^ L ^ — Trochaic dim. catal. M. p. 65 (b). 
 
 7. j_-^-_3||-Lw— ,j.w — Trochaic dipody and Cretic 
 
 dimeter (last two syllables in the Strophe 
 wanting). 
 
 8. Iambic tetrameter cat. (first syllable in the Strophe 
 
 wanting). 
 
 1322-1344. Iambic trimeter. 
 
 Chorus. 
 
 Strophe, 1345 - 1350 = Antistrophe, 1391 - 1396. 
 Verses 1, 3, and 5 are Iambic trimeters. 
 Verses 2, 4, and 6 are Dactylic dimeters with the anacrusis : 
 3, J. w ^ ^ - M. p. 83. 
 
236 METRES. 
 
 1351 - 1384. Iambic tetrameter catalectic. 
 
 1386 - 1390. Iambic system. 
 
 1391 - 1396. Antistrophe to 1345 - 1350. 
 
 1397 - 1445. Iambic tetrameter catalectic. 
 
 1446 - 1452. Iambic system. 
 
 1453 - 1509. Iambic trimeter. 
 
 1510. Anap^stic tetrameter catalectic. 
 
 THE END. 
 
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