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 THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES 
 
 GIFT OF 
 
 Kurt Lowenstein
 
 ®I)c ©cuius of tl)e Jilatrt) at 43t)es 
 
 6 
 
 between 
 
 |)l)ilabelpl)ia anb JfeuHJJork. 
 
 1856—1837. 
 
 €x %ll 
 
 i^P^ 

 
 s 
 
 
 c \\
 
 #THE GAMES 
 THE MATCH AT CHESS, 
 
 PLAYED BY {/fKj^X '/ -j^, 
 
 THE CHESS PLAYERS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 ATHENjEUM, PHILADELPHIA, 
 
 AND 
 
 THE NEW-YORK CHESS-CLUB, 
 
 BETWEEN 
 
 THE YEARS 1856 AND 1857, 
 WITH VARIATIONS AND REMARKS 
 
 BY 
 
 THE ATHENiEUM COMMITTEE 
 
 1857. 

 
 %
 
 41/ - 
 
 <r/f 5" 
 
 TO 
 
 (Elje ilUmonj 
 
 OV THEIR 
 
 VENERATED FRIEND, 
 
 THEIR 
 
 MASTER AND MODEL IN CHESS, 
 
 THE LATE LAMENTED 
 
 CHARLES VEZIN 
 
 THESE GAMES 
 
 ARE INSCRIBED BY 
 
 THE ATHENAEUM COMMITTEE. 
 
 
 . 
 
 2968
 
 ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 In the month of February, 1856, a proposal was made, by the New 
 York Chess Club, to the amateurs who frequent the Athenaeum in 
 Philadelphia, to play a Match at Chess by correspondence. The pro- 
 posal was accepted ; and it was agreed, that the Match should consist 
 of two games, to be played simultaneously, each party to have the 
 White pieces and the move in one of the games. The Athenaeum 
 players fixed, by general consent, upon a committee for conducting the 
 games, on their part. It was composed of the following gentlemen : 
 Mr. P. Randolph, Mr. H. P. Montgomery, Mr. W. G. Thomas, Mr. 
 L. Elkin, Mr. A. E. Dougherty, and Dr. S. Lewis. 
 
 The first moves in the two games were exchanged on the 22nd of 
 February. The second game, a Scotch Gambit, in which the Athe- 
 naeum players had the White and the move, was the first concluded : 
 it was resigned by the New York Committee on the 12th of January, 
 1857, at the thirty-second move. The First, or New York, Game, 
 a Giuoco Sicilianoy was continued until the 9th of February, when — 
 upon the receipt of the forty-first move of White — Black announced 
 checkmate in six moves. 
 
 The second of these games will, perhaps, be regarded with some 
 interest by Chess-students, as having again subjected to the severe test 
 of correspondence-play the Italian defence of the Scotch Gambit. In 
 the Fifth Edinburgh and London game, (Walker's Studies 366,) the 
 third move of the defence (Knight takes Queen's Pawn) was adopted
 
 VI 
 
 from the Italians ; but, at the fifth move, King's Knight to King"'* 
 second was substituted for Del Rio's Queen to King's Bishop's third. 
 Jn the first of the two games between Nottingham and Cambridge, 
 ( Walker 375,) the fifth move of Black was precisely that of Ponziani's 
 game tl In primo luogo" (Seconda Edizione, p. 116.) The defence 
 adopted by the New- York Committee, again, was strictly conformable, 
 in its characteristic moves of 3. Queen's Knight takes Pawn and 5. 
 Queen to King's Bishop's third, to the Italian model.* In all of these 
 games, the defence broke down. It may, therefore, be safely inferred, 
 that the later theorists, beginning with Mr. Cochrane, are clearly right 
 in condemning, as they do, with one consent, the moves recommended 
 by the illustrious triumvirate of Modena.f 
 
 * la the attack, however, the Athenaeum Players substituted for 4. Queen 
 takes Paivn the move of 4. King's Bishop to Queen's Bishop's fourth — a move adop- 
 ted by Mr. Cochrane in three brilliant games with Mr. Staunton, (Walker 621 — 
 623) to which Mr. Staunton uniformly answered by 5. King's Knight to King's 
 Bisliop's third. 
 
 t This game was quite probably invented ( Vogt's Letters p. 60) — as it was 
 certainly iirst made known — by the Anonimo Modenese, (Ercole Del Rio,) in 
 1750. In the fifth Chapter of the original work, (Milan Ed. pp. 33—34,) he 
 makes Black play 3. King's Paivn takes Queen's Fawn ; but when, in 1763, he 
 furnished a treatise on the Defence (Trattatopratico delta Dtfesa contra il Vuntaggio 
 del primo Tratto) to the folio of his friend and commentator, Lolli, he made the 
 second player adopt, as his best move, 3. Queen's Knight takes Queen's Pawn. He 
 then indicates two modes of prosecuting the game, in both of which the Queeu 
 is made to sally out to King's Bishop's third, at the fifth move of the defence 
 (ho\\\,Osservazioneteorico-pratiche,p. 3J2.) Ponziani (the Autore Modenese) sub- 
 stantially repeats Del Rio, by whom, in fact, he was assisted in the second 
 edition of his Giuoco incomparabile (Modena, 1782.) 
 
 Mr. Cochrane appears to have been the first to create an interest, and to make 
 improvements, in this game. In his Treatise (1822) he translated the Fifth 
 Chapter of Del Rio, with a protest against taking King's Fawn with Queen's 
 Knight, (pp. 214 — 218) ; and in another section of his work, he devoted several 
 pages (251 — 259) to an excellent analysis of the opening. It was by his agency, 
 also, that the Scotch Gambit was adopted in the lirst London and Edinburgh 
 game (Walker's Studies p. viii and Walker's Jsenisch p. 167, note) — a circum- 
 stance, which gave rise to all the valuable analyses, that now enrich the
 
 vu 
 
 The Athenaeum Committee revert, with sincere gratitieat ion, to the 
 harmony and courtesy, which have uniformly marked the year -long 
 correspondence between themselves and their Chess-brethren of New- 
 York. A contest with such antagonists, conducted in such a spirit, 
 could only result, as it has done, in the increase of mutual good feel- 
 ing and respect. 
 
 Philadelphia Athen^um, 
 
 March 4th, 1857. 
 
 Chapter on the Scotch Gambit in our best Chess-books. Mr. Cochrane does 
 not allude to the sally of the Queen, at the fifth move of the defence, probably 
 because he considered it included in the condemnation of the third move, which 
 leads to it. Major Jsenisch, however, says pointedly of that sally, (which he 
 seems to consider as a move of Ponziani's,) that it has " le de'savantage ordinaire 
 d'une sortie pre'maturde dc la Dame." {Analyse Nouvelle, Tome II. p. 80.)
 
 FIRST GAME. 
 
 BEGUN BY THE NEW-YORK CLUB. 
 
 8©Jlite. 
 1. P. to K. fourth. 
 .2 P. to Q. fourth. 
 
 3. K. Kt, to B. third. 
 
 4. Q. takes P. 
 
 5. Q. to Q. square. 
 
 6. K. B. to Q. third. 
 
 7. Q. Kt, to B. third. 
 
 8. P. takes P. 
 
 9. Q. Kt. to K. fourth. 
 
 10. K. B. to Q. Kt. fifth. 
 
 11. K. B. takes Kt. 
 
 12. Castles. 
 
 13. Q. Kt. to K. Kt. third. 
 
 14. P. to Q. B. fourth. 
 
 15. Q. to Q. B. second, (c) 
 1 6. P. to Q. Kt. third. 
 
 17. K. Kt. to Kt. fifth. 
 
 18. P. to K. B. third. 
 
 19. K. R. to K. square. 
 
 20. B. to Q. Kt. second 
 
 21. K. R. to K. second. 
 
 22. Q. R. to K. square. 
 
 Blacft. 
 
 1. P. to Q. B. fourth. 
 
 2. P. takes P. 
 
 3. P. to K. third, (a) 
 
 4. Q. Kt. to B. third. 
 
 5. K. B. to Q. B. fourth. 
 
 6. K. Kt. to K. second. 
 P. to Q. fourth. 
 K. Kt, takes P. 
 B. to Q. Kt. third. 
 
 10. Castles. 
 
 11. P. takes B. 
 
 12. P. to K. B. fourth, (b) 
 
 13. Q. to Q. B. second. 
 
 14. Kt. to K. B. third. 
 
 15. P. toQ. B. fourth, (d) 
 
 16. B. to Q. Kt. second. 
 
 17. Q. to Q. B. third. 
 
 18. B. to Q. B. second. 
 
 19. Q. K. to K. square. 
 
 20. P. to K. Kt. third, (e) 
 
 21. P. to K. fourth, (f) 
 
 22. P. toK. fifth. 
 
 7. 
 8. 
 9.
 
 10 
 
 23. P. takes P. 
 
 24. K. Kt. to K. R. third. 
 
 25. P. takes B. 
 
 26. Kt. to Kt. fifth, (g) 
 
 27. Q. to Q. B. third. 
 
 28. R. takes Q. 
 
 29. Q. takes R. (h) 
 
 30. K. to B. square. 
 
 31. R. to Q. second, (i) 
 
 32. P. takes P. (k) 
 
 33. R. to Q. seventh. 
 
 34. K. to Kt. square. (I) 
 
 35. R. to K. Kt. seventh (check) 
 
 36. R. takes K. R. P. 
 
 37. R. to K. R. eighth (check; 
 
 38. B. to K. fifth, (n) 
 
 39. K. to K. R. second. 
 
 40. K. to K. R. third. 
 
 41. R. to Q. B. eighth. 
 
 23. K. B. to K. B. fifth. 
 
 24. B. takes Kt, 
 
 25. Kt. takes P. 
 
 26. Kt. takes Kt, 
 
 27. Q. takes K. Kt. P. (check) 
 
 28. R. takes R. (check) 
 
 29. Kt. to B. sixth (check) 
 
 30. Kt. takes Q. 
 
 31. P. to B. fifth, (j) 
 
 32. Kt. to K. Kt. seventh. 
 
 33. R. takes P. (check) 
 
 34. B. to K. fifth. 
 
 35. K. to B. square. 
 
 36. Kt. to K. sixth, (m) 
 
 37. K. to B. second. 
 
 38. R. to K. B. eighth (check) 
 
 39. Kt. to K. B. fourth, (o) 
 
 40. P. to K. Kt. fourth. (j>) 
 
 A.nd Philadelphia announces mate in six moves, (q) 
 
 Notes. 
 
 (a) The authors of the Handbuch are of opinion, that the Pawn gained may 
 be defended by 3. P. to K. fourth, yielding eventually an even game. A simi- 
 lar result, they think, follows from the play adopted in the text. 
 
 (b) This move perhaps was injudicious, but its weakening effect on the King's 
 side, was not apparent for some time. 
 
 ( c) The New York players are taking up a good position for their future 
 operations. 
 
 (d) It was necessary to advance this Pawn in order to secure the open diag- 
 onal for the Q. B ; but besides blocking the K. B. it made a weak point from its 
 isolation. 
 
 (e ) Had the Philadelphians at this time played Kt, to Q. second, with a view 
 to advancing K. P. New York might have obtained a severe attack by replying 
 21. Kt. takes B. P. 
 
 (f) It was plain that the brunt of battle was about to be borne by the King's 
 Pawn, and he boldly advances to meet the danger. 
 
 (g) To a player, who examines each succeeding position, while playing over 
 a published game, it will not be necessary to say, that this move was not a 
 blunder. It was an error indeed, but an error of calculation ; one which would 
 have been natural in the ardour of a game played over the board, but in the 
 cold blood of correspondence scarcely -pardonable. The Knight was offer- 
 ed under the impression, that, if taken, the move 27. Q. to B. third would be
 
 11 
 
 fatal, and if not taken, that New York would obtain a winning position im- 
 mediately. The Philadelphia committee saw the possibility of the move, and 
 its sufficient answer, when at the 25th move they took P. with Kt. Had they 
 not had the resource of 27. Q. takes Kt. P. check, they would have played 25. 
 P. takes P. An excellent move on the part of New York would have been 26. 
 Kt. to B. fourth, the consequences of which we examine below. 
 26. Kt. to B. fourth. | 26. P. to K. R. third. 
 
 We do not think any other move would save the game. 
 
 27. Kt. to Q. fifth, or (A) 
 
 28. P. to K. Kt. fourth. 
 P. takes P. 
 R. takes Kt. 
 R. takes P. 
 Q. takes R. (check) 
 Kt. to K. B. sixth (check) 
 
 29. 
 30. 
 31. 
 32. 
 33. 
 
 34. Q. takes B. (check) 
 
 27. K. to R. second 
 
 28. R. to K. third. 
 
 29. P. takes P. 
 
 30. P. takes R. 
 R. takes R. 
 Q. to K. Kt 
 R. takes Kt. 
 R. to B. second 
 
 third. 
 
 31. 
 32. 
 33. 
 34. 
 
 Even game. 
 Nor does New York appear to have any stronger move at 30. than R. takes 
 Kt. Neither could they obtain any advantage by playing 28. R. takes Kt. 
 
 (A) 
 
 27. R. takes R. 
 
 27. R. takes Kt. 
 
 28. R, takes R. 
 
 29. Q. takes Q. 
 
 30. Kt. takes Kt. 
 
 P. 
 
 28. Q. takes R. 
 
 29. B. takes Q. 
 
 30. R. to Q. square. 
 
 Even game. 
 
 And if at 29. they had played Q. to Q. B. third, the defence would have re- 
 plied 19. Q. to Q. fifth, (check.) 
 
 (h) Had they played K. to R. second, they would have lost another piece ; 
 and K. to B. second would have given them a position inferior to that yielded 
 by the move adopted. 
 
 (i) Very well played ; for if Philadelphia attempt to withdraw the Kt., New 
 York would move R. to Q. seventh. 
 
 (j) A handsome move. It was very easy to save the Knight by playing 31. 
 R. to K. square ; but the advance of the Pawn is much more effective. 
 
 (k) The following variations will show, that they could not play 32. K. takes 
 Kt. ; or 32. R. to Q. seventh ; or 32 P. to K. Kt. fourth to any advantage. Of 
 32. B. to K. fifth it may be observed that it is only an inversion of the first two 
 moves in the first variation. 
 
 In the first place : 
 
 32. K. takes Kt. 
 
 33. B. to K. fifth, or (A) 
 
 34. B. to R. second. 
 
 35. K to K. second. 
 
 32. P. takes P. 
 
 33. P. to Kt. seventh. 
 
 34. R. to B. eighth (check) 
 
 35. B. to K. fifth. 
 
 i 
 
 M
 
 12 
 
 36. K. to K. third. 
 
 37. K. takes B. 
 
 38. R. takes P. 
 
 33. B. to Q. R. third. 
 
 34. R. to Q. eighth (check) 
 
 35. B. to,,Q. B. square. 
 
 36. K. to B. square. 
 
 37. K. to B second. 
 
 36. R. to K. R. eighth. 
 
 37. R. takes B. 
 
 38. R. takes R. 
 
 And wins. 
 
 (A) 
 
 33. R. to K. B. fourth. 
 
 34. K. to B. second. 
 
 35. R. to K. fourth (check) 
 
 36. P. to Kt. seventh (check) 
 
 37. R. to K. eighth. 
 
 And wins. 
 
 In the second place: 
 32. R. to Q. seventh. | 32. P. takes P. (disc, check). 
 
 If now New York play 33. K. to Kt. square, Philadelphia replies 33. R. to 
 K. B. seventh. 
 
 33. K. takes Kt. 
 
 34. K. to B. square. 
 
 35. K. to B. second. 
 
 33. R. to K. square (check J 
 
 34. P. to Kt. seventh (check) 
 
 35. R. to K. eighth. 
 
 And wins. 
 
 In the third place : 
 
 32. P. to K. Kt. fourth. 
 
 33. R. to Q. seventh. 
 
 34. K. to B. second. 
 
 32. R. to K. square. 
 
 33. B. to Kt. seventh (check) 
 
 34. B. to K. B. sixth. 
 
 And must win. 
 
 (1) It would have made but little difference, had they played 34. K. to K. 
 second. Further variations indeed are useless, after demonstrating, that the 
 advantage of the piece, or something better, remained with the Philadelphians. 
 
 (m) After this move Philadelphia must win both the remaining pieces of 
 their adversaries within nine moves. 
 
 (n) It is a matter of wonder, that the New York Committee should continue 
 the game, if they had no better play than to put the B. where it is lost in three 
 moves. 
 
 (o) More speedy than capturing the Bishop. 
 
 (p) Better than B. to B. sixth. 
 
 (q) Thus: 
 
 | 41. R. to K. R. eighth (check) 
 
 Here they have the choice of 42. K. to Kt. fourth ; or 42. B. to K. R. second. 
 
 In the first place: 
 
 42. K. to Kt. fourth. | 42. R. to Kt. eighth (check) 
 
 If they reply 43. K. to R. fifth, they are mated at once by 43. B. to B. sixth 
 (mate) and if they played 43. B. to K. Kt. third, they are mated by 43. R. takes
 
 L3 
 
 B 
 
 check ; and 44. B. 
 
 to B. sixth (mate.} 
 
 43. K. to K. R. third. | 
 
 44. K. to K. R. second. 
 
 In the second place: 
 
 42. B. to K. R. second. 
 
 43. R. to Q. B. seventh (check) 
 
 44. R. to Q. B. sixth (check) 
 
 45. R. to K. R, sixth (check) 
 
 46. Any thing. 
 And if at 44. they had played R. to K 
 
 in one move less. 
 
 43. 
 
 P. to Kt. fifth (cheek) 
 
 44. 
 
 R.to K. R. eighth (mate.; 
 
 42. 
 
 B. to K. B. sixth. 
 
 43. 
 
 K. to K. Kt. third. 
 
 44. 
 
 K. to K. R. fourth. 
 
 45. 
 
 K. takes R. 
 
 46. 
 
 P. to K. Kt. fifth, (mate.) 
 
 . Kt, 
 
 seventh (check,) mate followed 
 
 GAME SECOND. 
 
 BEGUN BY THE PLAYERS OF THE ATHEN.EUM. 
 
 MJIjitc. 
 
 1. P. to K. fourth. 
 
 2. K. Kt. to B. third. 
 
 3. P. to Q. fourth. 
 
 4. Kt. takes Kt. 
 
 5. K. B. to Q. B. fourth, (b) 
 
 6. Castles. 
 
 7. P. to K. fifth. 
 
 8. P. to Q. B. third. 
 
 9. Kt. takes P. 
 
 10. K. B. to Q. third. 
 
 11. Kt. to K. fourth. 
 
 12. Kt. to Kt. fifth. 
 
 13. Q. to K. R, fifth. 
 
 14. U. to K. R. sixth. 
 
 15. K. K. to K. square. 
 '.6 Kt. to K. B. third, (h) 
 17. B. to K. Kt. fifth. 
 
 IS. Kt. takes h. 
 
 1!). Q. R. to Q. B. square. 
 
 20. B. to Q. B. fourth, (j) 
 
 21. B. takes Kt. 
 
 22. P. to K. B. fourth, (k) 
 
 23. B. to Q. third. 
 
 24. B. takes P. 
 
 25. Q. to K. R. fourth (ch.) (o) 
 
 26. K. R. to Q. square ('cheek) 
 
 asiarfe. 
 
 1. 
 
 P. to K. fourth. 
 
 2. 
 
 Q. Kt. to B. third. 
 
 3. 
 
 Q. Kt. takes P. (a) 
 
 4. 
 
 P. takes Kt. 
 
 5. 
 
 Q.. to K. B. third, (c) 
 
 6. 
 
 B. to Q. B. fourth. 
 
 7. 
 
 Q. to K. B. fourth, (d) 
 
 8. 
 
 P. takes P. 
 
 9. 
 
 Kt. to K. second. 
 
 10. 
 
 Q. to K. third, (e) 
 
 11. 
 
 B. to Q. fifth. 
 
 12. 
 
 Q to Q. Kt. third. 
 
 13. 
 
 P. to K. Kt. third. 
 
 14. 
 
 B. takes K. P. (f) 
 
 15. 
 
 Q. to K. B. third, (g) . 
 
 16. 
 
 P. to Q. third. 
 
 17. 
 
 Q. to K. third. 
 
 18. 
 
 P. takes Kt. 
 
 19. 
 
 K. R. to K. B. square, (i) 
 
 20. 
 
 Q. to K. B. fourth. 
 
 21. 
 
 K. takes B. 
 
 22. 
 
 P. to K. fifth. (1) 
 
 23. 
 
 B. to K. third, (m ) 
 
 24. 
 
 Q. to Q. R. fourth, (n) 
 
 25. 
 
 K. to Q. second, (p) 
 
 26. 
 
 K. t<^ K. square. ( q 1 
 
 *,
 
 14 
 
 27. K. to K. R. square, (r) 
 
 28. R. takes Q. B. P. 
 
 29. Q. R. to Q. B. square. 
 
 30. R. takes R. 
 
 31. Q. to K. B. sixth, (u) 
 
 32. B. takes Q. Kt. P. (w) 
 
 27. P. to CJ. B. third, (sj 
 
 28. Q. R. to Q. square. 
 
 29. R. takes R. 
 
 30. P. to K. R. fourth, (t) 
 
 31. B. to Q. B. square, (v) 
 
 And New York resigns. 
 
 Notes. 
 
 (a) This move is condemmed by Staunton, but is thought by the authors of 
 the Handbuch to give an even game. 
 
 (b) This method of carrying on the attack is not examined by either of the 
 above authorities. It was adopted by Cochrane against Staunton in a few games. 
 
 (c) This move is the chief cause of the disorder into which the New York 
 game fell. 
 
 (d) Better to have gone home. 
 
 (e) The New York Committee of course believed it to be unsafe to take the 
 King's Pawn, and in view of the immense attack, to which it would have sub- 
 jected them, it was a wise discretion to let it alone not only at this move, but 
 also at the next. Suppose they had taken it at this time ; the following moves 
 will show the result. 
 
 | 10. Q. takes K. P. 
 11. R. to K. square. 
 
 In reply to this move, the Queen may be played to Q. third or fifth, or to K. 
 B. third. As the attack would be conducted in the same way in each case, (i. e. 
 by the moves of 12. Kt. to K. fourth, and 13. Kt. takes B.) one of these three 
 will serve for all. Therefore, » 
 
 11. Q. toK. B. third. 
 
 1 2. Q. to K. fourth. 
 
 13. Q. takes Kt. 
 
 B. third : or 14. Castles ; or 14. P. to Q. 
 
 12. Kt. toK. fourth. 
 
 13. Kt. takes B. 
 
 14. B. to K. B. fourth. 
 Here they may reply 14. P. to Q. 
 
 third. In each case they must lose. 
 In the first place : 
 
 14. P. to Q B. third. 
 
 15. Q. to K. second. 15. Any thing. 
 
 16. Q. R. to Q. B. square and must win a piece. 
 
 In the second place : 
 
 I 14. Castles. 
 
 15. Q. R. to Q. B. square. 15. Q. to Q. Kt, fifth. 
 
 16. Q. R. to B. fourth, and wins a piece. 
 In the third place:
 
 ir> 
 
 15. Q. R. to Q. B. square. 
 
 16. Q.R. takes Q. B. P. 
 
 17. B. takes Q. P. 
 
 14. P. to Q. third. 
 
 15. Q. to Q. Kt. third. 
 
 16. Q. takes R, or (A) 
 
 17. Q. takes B. 
 
 If they do not take B., but play their Queen to Q. second, it is still worse 
 from the replies 18. B. to Q. Kt. fifth and 19. R. takes Kt. (check.) 
 
 18. B. to Kt, fifth (check) 
 
 19. Q. to K. second and wins. 
 
 18. Q. to Q. second. 
 
 (A) 
 
 16. B. to K. third, or (B) 
 
 17. Kt, to Q. fourth. See Var. 
 IS. P. takes R. 
 
 1 8. P. takes R. 
 
 19. P. to K. Kt. third. 
 
 20. K. to Q. square. 
 
 17. B. takes Q. P. 
 
 18. R. takes B. (check) 
 
 19. Q. to Q. R. fourth (check) and wins. 
 
 Variation. 
 
 17. Kt. to Q. B. third. 
 
 18. R. takes B. (check) 
 
 19. Q. to K. R. fifth (check; 
 
 20. B. takes P. (check) 
 
 21. Q. to K. Kt. fifth (check) and wins. 
 
 (B) 
 
 I 16. B. to Q. second. 
 
 17. R. takes B. ' 17. K. takes R. 
 
 18. B. to Q. Kt. fifth (check) and wins. 
 
 (/") The capture of the Pawn at this time was compulsory, as otherwise the 
 Philadelphia^ would play next move Q. to Kt. seventh, and the game would 
 be hopeless. 
 
 (g) Suppose they had played instead P. to Q. third, the game would go on 
 thus ; 
 
 15. P. to Q. third. 
 
 16. R. takes B. 
 
 17. Q. to Kt. seventh. 
 
 18. Kt. takes R. P. and wins. 
 
 16. P. takes R. 
 
 17. R. to B. square. 
 
 (h) Here the Philadelphia players would have taken the K. R. P. with Kt. if 
 they had not feared that their adversaries would reply with R. takes Kt.. Had 
 New York, in answer to the play in question, moved Q. to K. Kt second, the 
 game would have been very short. 
 
 (i) The situation was dangerous, and the New York players certainly selected 
 the best among the moves at their disposal. Indeed this and the next ten moves 
 are played by them with much judgment, Beside the move in the text, they 
 might have played, 1st. P. to K. B. third ; 2nd. B. to Q. second : 3rd. Kt, to B. 
 fourth ; 4th. R. to K. Kt, square ; 5th. P. to Q. B. third ; or finally Q. to Q. third.
 
 It) 
 
 In the first place : 
 
 19. P. to K. B. third 
 
 20. Kt. to B. fourth. 
 
 21. Kt. takes Q. 
 P. takes B. 
 K. to B. square. 
 
 22 
 23 
 
 20. B. to Q. B. fourth. 
 
 21. B. takes Q. 
 
 22. B. takes B. 
 
 23. R. takes P. (check) 
 
 24. R. takes Q. B. P. and wins. 
 And if at 23. they should play K. to Q. square, they would lose Q. R. 
 In the second place : 
 
 19. B. to Q. second. 
 
 20. B. to Q. B. fourth. 20. 
 
 21. Q. to Kt seventh. 21. 
 
 22. Q. takes K. P. and must win a piece. 
 In the third place : 
 
 Q. to K. B. fourth. 
 R. to K. Kt. square. 
 
 20. B. takes Kt. 
 
 21. Q. to Kt. seventh, and wins. 
 In the fourth place : 
 
 19. Kt. to B. fourth. 
 
 20. Q. takes B. 
 
 23. K. to Q. square. 
 
 20. Q. takes R, P. 
 
 21. B. to Q. B. fourth. 
 
 22. R. takes K. P. 
 
 23. Q. takes B. P. (check J 
 
 24. Q. takes R. (check) and wins. 
 Had they answered 20. K. to B. square, the attack would have gone on 
 
 precisely as above i. e. 21. B. to Q. B fourth, and 22. R. takes K. P. 
 
 (A) 
 20. 
 
 19. 
 20. 
 21. 
 22. 
 
 R. to K. Kt. square. 
 B. to Q. second, or (A) 
 Q. to K. B. fourth. 
 Q. takes R. 
 
 21. R. toQ. B. fifth. 
 
 22. B. takes B. P.. 
 
 23. Q. R. takes K. P. and wins. 
 
 In the fifth place : 
 
 R. to B. square. 
 
 21. P. toK. B. third. 
 
 22. Q. takes B. 
 
 19. P. to Q. B. third. 
 
 20. Q. to K. B. fourth. 
 
 
 20. B. to Q. B. fourth 
 To interpose the Kt. would be bad, because of 21. Q. to Kt. seventh. 
 
 21. Q. to Kt, seventh. | 21. R. to Kt. square. 
 
 22. Q. takes K. P. and wins a piece. 
 In the sixth place : 
 
 19. Q. to Q. third 
 K. R. to Q. square. 
 B. to Q. Kt, fifth. 
 Q. to Kt. seventh. 
 R. takes Kt. 
 
 20. 
 21. 
 22. 
 23. 
 24. Q. to K. B. sixth. 
 
 20. P. to Q. B. third, or (A) 
 
 21. Kt. to Q. fourth. 
 
 22. R. to B. square. 
 
 23. Q. takes R. 
 
 24. Q. to Q. second. 

 
 17 
 
 25. R. to R. square and mates in two or three moves. 
 
 (A) 
 
 20. Q. to Q. Kt. third, or (B; 
 
 21. Q. to Kt. seventh. 
 
 22, B. to Q. Kt. fifth (check; 
 
 21. R. to K. Kt. square. 
 
 22. P. to Q. B. third. 
 
 It is plain that if they took B. with Queen, they would be mated in two moves. 
 
 23. R. takes Q. B. P. 
 
 24. B. takes P. (check) 
 
 25. B. takes B. (check) and wins. 
 
 23. P. takes R. 
 
 24. B. to Q. second. 
 
 (B) 
 
 21. B. to Q. B. fourth. 
 
 22. Q. to Kt. seventh. 
 
 23. R. to Q. eighth (check) 
 
 24. Q. takes R. (check)and wins. 
 
 20. Q. to K. third, or (C) 
 
 21. Q. to K. B. fourth. 
 
 22. R. to B. square. 
 
 23. K. takes K. 
 
 21. Q. to Kt. seventh. 
 
 22. R. takes Q. B. P. 
 
 23. B. to Kt. fifth (check) 
 
 24. R. takes Q. 
 
 25. Q. takes K. P. (check) 
 
 26. Q. to K. seventh (check) anc 
 
 (C) 
 20. 
 21. 
 22. 
 23. 
 24. 
 25. 
 wins. 
 Variation First. 
 
 22. Q. takes R. See Var. 2nd 
 
 23. B. to Q. second. 
 
 24. B. takes B. 
 
 Kt. to Q. fourth. 
 
 R. to B. square. 
 
 Kt. takes R. See Var. 1st. 
 
 Kt. takes B. 
 
 Kt, takes R. 
 
 K. to Q. second. 
 
 23. B. to Kt. fifth (check) 
 
 24. R. takes Kt, 
 
 25. R. takes K. P. (check) and wins the Queen. 
 
 Variation Second. 
 
 22. B. to Q. second 
 
 23. B. to Q. Kt. fifth 
 
 24. R. takes Kt. 
 
 23. B. takes B. 
 
 24. Q. takes K. R. 
 
 25. R. to K. seventh (check) and wins. 
 
 (j) Here Philadelphia might have won the exchange by playing 20. Q. to Kt. 
 seventh, and on their opponents playing 20. P. to K. B. third, replying 21. B to 
 Q. B. fourth, when the best rejoinder will be found to be on the part of New 
 York 21. R. to B. second. 
 
 (k) By playing at this point Q. to Kt seventh, Philadelphia would certainly 
 have had a winning game ; but after so chivalrous a beginning, it would have 
 made but a tame conclusion, as follows. 
 
 22. Q. to Kt, seventh. 
 
 23. R. takes K. P. 
 
 22. B. to K. third. 
 
 23. R. to K. kt. square.
 
 1.8 
 
 24. B. takes B. 24. R. takes Q. 
 
 25. B. takes Q. (disc, check) 25. K. to B. third. 
 
 26. R. toQ. Kt. fifth. 26. P. takes B. 
 
 27. R. takes Q. Kt. P. with a winning game. 
 
 Any other move at 23. than R. to Kt. square would cause immediate loss. 
 
 (I) Instead of the move in the text, New York might have played 22. B. to 
 K. third, or Q. to K. Kt. fifth, or P. to K. B third. The two last are easily dis- 
 posed of. If 22. Q. to K. Kt. fifth, Philadelphia would have answered 23. P. to 
 K. R. third winning at once. And if 22. P. to K. B. third, the move 23. Q. to Kt. 
 seventh, check, followed by 24. P. takes K. P. would have been equally fatal. 
 There remains to be examined, 
 
 22. B. to K. third. 
 
 23. R. takes K. P. 
 
 23. Q. to B. third. 
 
 If they had played 23. Q. to K. Kt. fifth, she would be lost. 
 
 24. P. takes B. 
 
 25. K. to K. square, or (A) 
 
 26. K. to Q. square. 
 
 24. B. takes B. 
 
 25. R. takes Q. B. P. (check) 
 
 26. Q. to K. R. third. 
 
 27. Q. takes K. R. P. and wins. 
 
 We may remark that if at 25 they had played K. to Q. square, the Phila- 
 delphians would reply with 26. Q. takes K. R. P. at once. 
 
 (A) 
 
 25. K. to Q. third. 
 
 26. Q. takes K. R. P. 
 
 26. K. R. toQ. sq. See Var. Is/. 
 
 It would not be so good to play 26. Q. R. to Q. square, as the attack would 
 win easily by 27. R. takes Q. Kt, P. 
 
 27. R. to K. B. seventh. 
 
 28. Q. takes K. Kt. P. 
 
 29. Q. to Q. third (check.; 
 
 30. Q. to Kt. fifth (check) and mates next move 
 
 Variation First. 
 
 27. Q. to K. R. square. 
 
 28. Q. to K. square. 
 
 29. K. to B. third. 
 
 26. 
 27. 
 
 28. 
 29. 
 30. 
 
 Q. takes K. B. P. 
 
 K. takes R. 
 
 K. to B. 4th. See Var. 2nd. 
 
 K. to. Kt. fifth. 
 
 K. to Kt. sixth. 
 
 27. R. takes K. P. (check) 
 
 28. Q. to K. seventh (check) 
 
 29. R. to B. fifth (check) 
 
 30. P. to R. third (cheeky 
 
 31. R. to B. third (check) and mates next move. 
 
 Variation Second. 
 
 28. K. to Q. fourth 
 R. to Q. seventh (check) 29. 
 
 Q. to K. sixth (check) ' 30. 
 
 Q. to Q. fifth (check) 31. 
 
 29. 
 30. 
 31. 
 32. 
 
 K. to Q. B. fifth. 
 
 K. to B. 4th. See Var. 3rd. 
 
 K. to Kt, third or fifth. 
 
 R. takes Kt. P. (check) and mates next move.
 
 19 
 
 And if at 29. they had played K. to Q. B. third, they would still have 
 by 30. Q. to K. sixth (check) &c. 
 
 Variation Third. 
 
 luni 
 
 30. 
 31. 
 
 K. 
 K. 
 
 to Kt. fifth, 
 to B. fourth. 
 
 31. Q. to. Q. Kt. third (check) 
 
 32. Q. to Q. fifth (check) and mates in two moves. 
 
 (to) Here they might have played 1st. Q. to K. B. third ; 2d. Q. to Q. R. 
 fourth ; or 3d. Q. to K. R. fourth. In the latter case they would have lost a 
 a piece by 24. R. takes K. P. (check), and (on B. covering) 25. Q. takes Q. 
 and then 26. P. to B. fifth. The other methods of play are examined below. 
 
 In the first place : 
 
 24. B. takes P. 
 
 25. K. to R. square. 
 
 26. P. to B. fifth. 
 
 27. B. takes P. 
 
 28. Q. R. to Q. square. 
 
 29. Q. to K. R. fourth (check) 
 
 30. Q. to K. B. sixth. 
 
 23. Q. to K. B. third. 
 
 24. Q. to Q. fifth (check) 
 
 25. B. to K. third. 
 
 26. P. takes P. 
 
 27. Q to Q. third. 
 
 28. Q. to Q. B. third. 
 
 29. K. to K. square. 
 
 30. R. to K. Kt. square. 
 
 23. Q. to Q. R. fourth. 
 
 24. K. to K. square, or (A) 
 
 25. Q. takes R. 
 
 26. Q. or B. to Q. second. 
 
 31. R. to Q. second and wins by taking B. with B. next move. 
 
 And if they had played 24. B. to K. third, Philadelphia would have answered 
 25. P. to B. fifth, in which case they game would have gone on as above, or 
 New- York would have lost a piece. 
 
 In the second place : 
 
 24. Q. to R. fourth (check) 
 
 25. R. takes Q. B. P. 
 
 26. B. to Kt. fifth (check) 
 26. R. takes K. P. (check; and wins. 
 
 And if at 25. they had checked with Q., and then played 26. Q. to Q. third, 
 it would have made no difference. 
 
 (A) 
 I 24. K. to Q. second, or (B) 
 
 25. R. takes K. P. I 25. Q. to Kt, third (check) 
 
 If they played 25. R. to K square, mate would follow in three moves ; and 
 if 25. P. to K. B. third, they would be mated in four moves. 
 
 26. K. to R. square. 26. Q. to Q. third. 
 
 27. B. to K. second and wins easily. 
 
 (B) 
 
 I 24. K. to Q. third. 
 25. R. takes K. P. I 25. B. to K. third.
 
 20 
 
 26. 
 
 B. to Q. fourth. 
 
 27. 
 
 K. to Q. second 
 
 28. 
 
 P. takes B. 
 
 29. 
 
 K. to Q. third. 
 
 26. R. to Q. fourth (check) 
 
 27. Q. to B. sixth (check) 
 
 28. B. to B. fifth (cheek) 
 
 29. Q. takes P. (check) 
 
 30. Q. to K. fifth (ch.) and wins. 
 
 The defences 24. K. to K. third ; 24. P. to K. B. third ; 24. P. to K. Kt. fourth, 
 are too obviously bad to require examination. 
 
 (n) They might, again, have played 24. Q. to B. third, in which case they 
 would have lost by the process described in note (m) on the same play at 
 move 23. 
 
 (o) Here the Philadelphians would have advanced P. to B. fifth, but for one 
 variation which afforded their adversaries too great a chance for a draw. 
 
 (p) Well-played. Had they played 25. K. to K. square, the battle would 
 have been decided in the following style : 
 
 26. P. to B. fifth. 
 
 27. B. takes P. 
 
 28. R. takes Q. B. P. 
 
 29. Q. to Q. Kt, fourth. 
 
 30. R. to Q. B. fifth. 
 Can they do anything better than this ? 
 
 31. Q. takes Q. 
 
 32. R. takes B. 
 33 Q. to Q. fifth and must win one of the rooks. 
 
 (q) Suppose they had played 26. K. to Q. B. square. They would have lost 
 speedily, as the following moves show. The situation required great care, and 
 the defence played this part of the game exceedingly well. 
 
 26. K. to Q. B. square. 
 
 25. 
 
 K. to K. square 
 
 26. 
 
 P. takes P. 
 
 27. 
 
 Q. takes B. 
 
 28. 
 
 P. to B. third. 
 
 29. 
 
 R. to B. second. 
 
 30. 
 
 Q. takes R, 
 
 31. 
 
 R. to K. second 
 
 32. 
 
 R. takes R. 
 
 square, 
 square. 
 
 27. Q. to K. seventh. 27. R. to K. Kt. 
 
 28. R. to Q. sixth. 28. K. to Q. Kt. 
 
 29. P. to Q. Kt. fourth and wins. 
 No move at 28. could avoid the consequences of the threatened advance of 
 
 the Q. Kt, P. Nor would it avail anything to check with Queen at 27. 
 
 (r) A tame-looking move, but threatening, from the offer to capture the Q. 
 Kt. P. with B. 
 
 (s) If, instead of this move, they had played 27. Q. to Q. Kt. third, the fol- 
 lowing variations show that they would equally have lost. 
 
 27. Q. to Q. Kt. third. 
 
 28. B. to Q, fifth. 
 
 29. E. takes B. 
 
 30. Q. to K. R. sixth. 
 
 31. Q. R. to Q. square. 
 
 32. K. to Q. seventh (check) 
 
 . B. takes B. or (A) 
 
 - . 1!. to K. Kt. square. 
 
 30. QtoK. B. 7th. See Var. 1st. 
 
 31. K. to K. second. 
 
 32. K. to B. 3d. See Var. 2nd.
 
 21 
 
 31. K. toB. third. 
 
 32. K. takes R. 
 
 33. Q. to Kt. fifth (check) 33. K. to Kt. second 
 
 34. R. takes K. B. P. (check) 34. K. takes R. 
 
 35. R. to Q. seventh (check) and mates in two moves. 
 
 Variation First. 
 
 30. K. to K. second. 
 
 31. Q. R. to K. square (check) 
 
 32. K. R. to K. B. fifth (check) 
 
 33. Q. to Kt. fifth (mate.) 
 
 Variation Second. 
 
 32. K. to K. square. 
 33: Q. to Kt. fifth and wins. 
 
 And so if they played 32. K. to K. third, they would lose by the same reply 
 33. Q. to Kt fifth. 
 
 (A) 
 I 28. R. to K. Kt. square. 
 
 29. B. takes B. I 29. P. takes B. 
 
 30. Q. takes K. R. P. and wins. 
 
 (0 The very worst move they could have adopted. They might instead 
 have played 30. B. to Q. B. square ; or 30. Q. to B. second ; or 30. Q. to Q. Kt. 
 third ; or 30. P. to K. B. fourth. This last was the correct play, because it 
 presented the only chance of making a draw, for which they could hope. 
 The moves above-mentioned will be examined in their order. The move of 
 30. Q. to Q. Kt. third may, however, be disposed of at once, by saying that 
 the variations on 30. Q. to Q. B. second, are equally applicable to it. 
 
 In the first place : 
 
 30. B. to Q. B. square. 
 
 31. B. takes B. 
 
 31. B. takes Q. Kt. P. 
 
 32. R. to K. square (check) 
 
 33. Q. to K. seventh (check) 
 
 32. K. to Q. second. 
 
 33. K. to Q. B. third. 
 
 34. R. to Q. B. square (check) and wins. 
 
 And if at 32. they played Q. takes R., they would subsequently lose one of 
 their remaining pieces. 
 
 In the second place : 
 
 30. Q. to B. second. 
 
 31. B. takes Q. Kt. P. 31. R. to Kt, square, or (A) 
 
 32. B. to B. sixth (check) 32. K. to B. square. 
 
 33. Q. to K. B. sixth and wins. 
 
 (A) 
 
 31. B. to Q. second, or (B) 
 32. B. to Q. fifth. 32. R. to Kt. square. 
 
 Have they any move better than this to provide for the threatened check of 
 R. to K. square? If they play 32. B. to K. third, they lose by 33. B. to B. 
 sixth (check.)
 
 •1-1 
 
 33. Q. to B. sixth and wins. 
 
 (B) 
 I 31. P.to K. B. third. 
 
 32. R. to K. square. I 32. K. to Q. second. See Var. 1st 
 If they should play 32. Q. takes B., then the Philadelphians would win by 
 
 33. R. takes B. (check), 34. R. takes B. P., having two pawns and a fine 
 position. 
 
 33. P. to B. fifth. | 33. B. takes B. P. See Var. 2nd 
 If they should play 33. P. takes P.. they would lose by the reply 34. Q. to 
 
 Q. fourth (check). 
 
 34. Q. to Q. fourth (check) | 34. Q. to Q. third. 
 
 35. Q, takes Q. R. P. and must win. 
 
 Variation First. 
 
 32. Q. to Q. second. 
 
 33. P. takes P. 
 
 34. K. to B. second. 
 
 33. P. to B. fifth. 
 
 34. Q. to Q. B. fourth. 
 
 35. R. takes B. and wins. 
 
 Variation Second. 
 
 33. Q. takes B. 
 
 34. P. takes B. (check) 
 
 35. P. to K. seventh. 
 
 36. Q. takes K. B. P. and wins. 
 Finally we come to the move 30. P. to K. B. fourth, of Which it has been 
 
 already remarked, that it was the proper play. 
 
 30. P. to K. B. fourth. 
 
 34. K. to Q. B. square. 
 
 35. R. to K. square. 
 
 31. B. to Q. B. second. 
 
 32. R. to K. square. 
 
 31. R. to K. B. second. 
 
 32. R. to K. second. 
 
 Any attempt to defend the B. with Queen would be fatal ; and if they should 
 play 32. K. to Q. second, Philadelphia would win by 33. R. takes B., and 34. 
 B. to Kt. third (check), winning a piece. 
 
 33. Q. takes R, (check) 
 
 34. B. takes B. 
 
 33. B. to Q. Kt. third. 
 
 34. Q. takes Q. 
 And Philadelphia ought to win. 
 
 (w) This clenches the game. There is no longer any hope for the defence. 
 
 («) Had they taken Q. R. P. with B., mate would have followed in five 
 moves by 32. B. to B. sixth (check), &c. Had they played 31. B. to Kt. fifth, 
 or 31. R. to Kt. square, their adversaries would have replied 32. B. takes Q. 
 Kt. P. ; and if they had played 31. B. to Q. second, the answer would still 
 have been 32. B. takes Q. Kt. P., threatening 33. B. to Q. B. sixth. 
 
 (w) It must not be supposed that this move was made merely to win the 
 Rook for the Bishop. The following moves will show that the loss inflicted wsw 
 much greater :
 
 23 
 
 33. P. to Q. Kt. fourth. 
 
 34. R. to K. square (check) 
 
 35. Q. to K. seventh (check) 
 
 32. B. takes B. 
 
 33. Q. to Kt. third. 
 
 34. K. to Q. second. 
 
 35. K. to B. third. 
 
 36. P. to Q. R. fourth, and must win the Queen at least. 
 
 And if at 32. they had played B. to-Q. second, they would have been mated 
 in l'our moves, as follow s : 
 
 33. B. to Q. B. sixth. 
 
 34. Q. takes B. (check) 
 
 35. Q. to Q. sixth (check) 
 
 36. Q. to Q. seventh (mate.) 
 
 32. 
 
 B. to .Q second. 
 
 33. 
 
 B. takes B. 
 
 34. 
 
 K. to K. second. 
 
 35. 
 
 K. to K. square.
 
 I
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY 
 
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 ■ Syrocuso, N. Y. 
 
 ^^^ Stockton, Colif.