O 2 X A NEW UNIVERSAL GAZETTEER, OR GEOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY, CONTAINING DESCRIPTION OF THE VARIOUS COUNTRIES, PROVINCES, CITIES, TOWNS, SEAS, LAKES, RIVERS, MOUNTAINS, CAPES, &c. IN THE KNOWN WORLD. WITH AN APPENDIX, "AINING AN ACCOUNT OF THE MONIES, WEIGHTS AND MEASURES OF VARIOUS COUNTRIES, WITH BLES ILLUSTRATING THE POPULATION, COMMERCE, AND RESOURCES OF THE UNITED STATES, ACCOMPANIED WITH AN ATLAS. BY JEDIDIAH MORSE, O. oT^A. A. S. S. H. S, llkl - 1% AND RICHARD C. MORSE, A. M. FOURTH EDITION REVISED AND CORRECTED. NEW HAVEN: PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY S. CONVERSE, 1823. TO NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY -WPLIOATB: ASTOR, LENOX^D TiLDtN FOUN0ATLOHS ft 125 L DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT, ss. BE IT REMEMBERED, That on the eighth day of August, in the forty-sixth year of the Independence of the United States of America, JKDIDIAH MORSE, and IICHARD C. MORSE, of the said District, have deposited in this Office the title of a Book,the right whereof they claim as Authors and Proprietors, in the words following, to wit : u A New Universal Gazetteer, or Geographical Dictionary, containing a de- scription of the various countries, provinces, cities, towns, peas, lakes, rivers, mountains, capes, &c. in the known world. With an Appendix, containing an account of the monies, weights and measures of arion countries, with tables illustrating the population, commerce, and resources of the United States. ; tnied with an Atlas. By Jedicliah Morse, D. D. A. A. S. S. H. S. and Richard C. Morse, A. M Third edition, revised and corrected." .'ibrmity to the act of Congress of the United States, entitled, "An Act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of Maps, Charts, and Books, to the authors and proprietors of such i, during the time therein mentioned." CHARLES A. INGERSOLL, Clerk of the District of Connecticut. A true copy of Record, examined and sealed by me, CHARLES A. INGERSOLL, Clerk of the District of Connecticut. iMfiCioft LjnbnuQT EXTRACTS FROM THE PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION. THE basis of the present volume, so far as relates to the Eastern Continent, is the New Edinburgh Gazetteer, in six volumes, " exe- cuted by six different authors of literary eminence, each taking a separate department" This work is an ample digest of the most valuable geographical materials recently published in Great Britain, and appears generally to have faithfully noticed all the modern chang- es ; a point of the more importance, since the common Gazetteers published in England still continue the insertion of obsolete divisions, and even describe the most noted kingdoms with boundaries which have long since ceased to exist. Besides the information derived from the Edinburgh Gazetteer, the articles of the Eastern Continent have been improved from a variety of sources, particularly from the works of the best German geographers. In regard to our own country, the principal dependence in respect to what may be called permanent geography, has been on the various geographical works of the senior author ; the information in which has been gradually collected during a space of more than thirty years, partly by correspondence with gentlemen of the first intelli- gence in the various States, and partly by consultation of standard works, as they have appeared from time to time. Much information has also been recently collected by correspondence, and extensive personal travels. The valuable works which have lately been pub- lished on various parts of the country, have been systematically, and, it is believed, faithfully digested. A catalogue of the publications to which we are principally indebted, is annexed to this preface. Particular attention has been given to the accounts of Missionary Stations. The principal authorities in this department of the work are the London Missionary Register, the Missionary Herald, publish- ed in Boston, and the Reports of the several Missionary Societies. Most of the tables in the Appendix, and the principal articles rela- ting to the United States, were prepared by SIDNEY E. MORSE, A. M. In the tables on the Commerce and Resources of the United States, he derived much assistance from the Statistical works of Pitkin and Seybert ; but the statements are generally exhibited in a new form, and are frequently the result of laborious calculations : many of them, also, are brought down to the present time from other sources. Abbreviations, though long since abandoned in Great Britain, are still used by German Geographers, and have been adopted by us. When not carried to excess, they are attended with obvious advanta- ges. In the present volume, they are used only in words of frequent occurrence, and the explanation is generally obvious, NEW-HAVEN, August 8th ? 1821. PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION. 1 THE sale of the third edition of this work, consisting of 3,000 co !n the short spare of fifteen months, demands the grateful ac 'iinienis of (he authors. In a work of this nature, it is impossible to avoid error. All that can be reasonably required of the General Geographer, is a diligent collection, mid faithful use, of the best materials. To accomplish this we have spared neither industry nor expense; yet none can be more Median we ourselves, that some articles will be found defective, and *ome statements erroneous. We shall be much obliged bv any communications, which will enable us to improve a future edition. To the Heads of the different departments of the General Govern- ment, and to all the gentlemen, who have obligingly furnished us with information for the improvement of the present edition, we tender our sincere thanks. NEW-HAVEN, March 27th, 1823. CATALOGUE, OF THE PRINCIPAL WORKS CONSULTED IN COMPILING THIS GAZETTEER, Americana Archaeologia, or Transactions of the American Antiquarian Society, 1st vol. 8vo. Worcester, 1820. American Medical and Philosophical Register, 4 vols. 8vo. New-York, 1814. American Missionary Register, New- York. Blodget's Statistical Manual for the United States, 1810, Blunt's Picture of New- York, 1817. Bouchette's Topographical Account of Canada, and maps, Svo. London, 1815. Bourne's Map of Ohio, 18^0. Brackenridge's Views of Louisiana, Svo. 1814. Cannibich's Lehrbuch der Geographic, 7th edition Svo. pp. 695, Sondershau- sen, 1820. Carrigain's map ofNew-Hampshire, 1818. Cincinnati Directory, 12mo. 1819. Connecticut and Rhode-Island Gazetteer, by Pease &; Niles, Svo. 1819. Connecticut, map of, by Warren & Gillet, 1821. Darby's Tour from New- York to Detroit, Svo. 1819. Dearborn's Memoir of the Commerce and Navigation of the Black Sea, 2 vols. Svo. Boston, 1819. Drake's Picture of Cincinnati, 12mo. 1815. Dwight's Statistical Account, of New-Haven, 1811. Dwight's Travels in New-England and New-York, 4 vols. 8vo. New-Haven, 1821. Eddy's map of New-York, 1818. Edinburgh Review. Emigrant's Guide to the Western and South- Western States, by William Darby, Svo. 1818. Emigrant's Directory, or Western Gazetteer, by Samuel R. Brown, 8vo. 1817. Field's Statistical Account of the county of Middlesex in Connecticut, I819-. Forbes' Sketches of Florida, Svo. 1821. Greenleaf's Statistical View of Maine, Svo. 1316. Harmon's- Journal of Travels in the interior of N. America, Svo. 1S20. Hassel's Statistische Uebersichts-Tabellen, folio, Gottingen, 1809. Hassel's Geographisch-statistisches Handworterbuch, octavo, 2 vols. in one, Weimar, 1817. Kentucky, Munsell's Map of, 1818, 6 sheets. Kramer's Geographic der Staaten des deutschen Bundes, Svo. Bremen, 1818. Lay's Map of New-York, 1820. Lewis and Claris Expedition to the sources of the Missouri and to the Pacific- Ocean, 2 vols. Svo. 1814. London Missionary Register. Long's Expedition to the Rocky Mountains in 1819, '20, 8vo. 2 vul?. with an atlas. Philadelphia, 1823. Mrlish's maps. Missionary Herald. Boston. 6 CATALOGUE M'Murtrie's Sketches of Louisville, 8vo. 1819. Morris' Statistical Account of Litchfield county. Conn. 1815. Morse's Report on Indian Affairs, 8vo. pp. 400. New-Haven, 1822. Murray's Historical account of Discoveries and Travels in Asia, 3 vols. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1820. Murray's Historical account of Discoveries and Travels in Africa, 2 vols. 8vo. Edinburgh, 1817. National Calendar for 1820, 1821, and 1822, 12mo. Washington City. National Gazette, Philadelphia. National Intelligencer, for 11 years, (1812 1823.) New-Hampshire Gazetteer, by E. & P. Merril, 8vo. 1817. New-Hampshire Collections, Historical, Miscellaneous, &c. Concord. New- York Gazetteer, by II. G. Spafford, 8vo. 1813. New-York State, Topographical and Statistical Manual of, 2d edit. 8vo. 1822. Niles' Weekly Register, Baltimore, 23 vols. royal 8vo. North American Review, Boston. North Carolina, Price & Strother's map of, 3 sheets. Nuttal's Travel's in Arkansas Territory, 8vo. pp. 296. Philadelphia 1821. Ohio Gazetteer, by John Kilbourn, A. M. 12mo. 1821. Pike's Expeditions to the sources of the Mississippi, Arkansas, &c. 8vo. 1810. Pitkin's Statistical View of the Commerce of the United States, 2d edition, 8vo. Hartford, 1817. Quarterly Review, London. Rees' Cyclopedia, American edition. Report of the Secretary of the Treasury on Roads and Canals, 1808. Schoolcraft's View of the Lead Mines of Missouri, 8vo. 1819. Schoolcraft's Narrative of the Expedition to the sources of the Mississippi, 8vo. 1821. Scoresby's Account of the Arctic Regions, 2 vols. 8vo. Seybert's Statistical Annals of the United States, 4to. Philadelphia, 1818. Shaw's description of Boston, 12mo. 1817. Silliman's Tour from Hartford to Quebec, 12mo. New Haven, 1820. Silliman's American Journal of Science and Arts, New-Haven. Smith's View of Upper Canada, 12mo. 1813. Stoddard's Sketches of Louisiana, 8vo. 1812. Sturges' map of Georgia, 1818. Tanner's New American Atlas, 1822. Folio. Thomas's Travels in the Western country, 12mo. 1819. Van Zandt's description of Illinois and Missouri, 8vo. 1818. Webster's Description of the Azores islands, 8vo. pp. 244. 1821. Boston. Whipple's Geographical and Statistical View of Maine, 18 JG. EXPLANATION OF THE ABBREVIATIONS, an. ancient. N. C. A. Turkey. - Asiatic Turkey. N. J. cap. capital. N. Y. C.H. Court house. Pa. - CO. county. p-t. . Conn. orCt. Connecticut. p-v. . dep. department. Pop. . Eng. England. r. Eu. Turkey. - European Turkey. R.I. - fr. from. S. C. Hind. Hindoostan. Sq. m. isl. island. Switz. - Ken. or Ky. Kentucky. s-p. - m. miles. Ten. . La. Louisiana. t. Mass. Massachusetts. ter. . Md. Maryland. Va. . Mo. Missouri. U. States. N. H. New-Hampshire. Vt. - North Carolina. New-Jersey. New-York. Pennsylvania, post town, post village. Population, river. Rhode-Island. South Carolina, Square miles. Switzerland, seaport. Tennessee- town, territory. Virginia. United States, Vermont- Note. In all places in the United States, when the population is expressed without date, it is un- derstood to be according to the census of 1820. NEW UNIVERSAL GAZETTEER, OR GEOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY, AAL .A A, r. Switzerland, runs into lake Lucerne ; another of this name falls into the lake of Wald- stadten ; and another into the Aar, 3 m. S. W. of Brugg. Aa, r. France, rises near Rumilly, dep. of the Pas de Calais, becomes navigable at St. Omer, af- ter which it divides into three branches, and falls into the sea below Gravelines. Aa, r. Netherlands, in Overyssel, falls into the lake of Giter, the issue of which is into the Zuyder Zee, near Blockzyl. Aa, r. Prussian Westphalia, in Munster, joins the Old Yssel above Hardenberg. Aa, r. Russia, in Courland, which is formed by the union of the Muss and the Memel, and passing by Mittau, falls into the Gulf of Riga. Aabenradt. See Apenrade. Aach, r. Baden, rises near the sources of the Danube and falls into the lake of Constance at Radolfzell. Aacli, t. Baden, 32 m. N. W. of Constance. Aachen. See Aix la Chapelle. Aachtn. See Stockuch. *'lt//i ii.us, or Ahus, in the bishopric of Munster, a rich bailiwick, comprising four towns and twen- ty parishes, and yielding a revenue of above 16,000 florins, or 1500L sterling. Anhftus, t. 32 m. N. W. of Munster. Pop. 1,600. Afilnnd. See Aland. Aalborp, one of the four bishopricks of N. Jut- land, in the N. part of the peninsula. Pop. about 90,000. . lulliorfr, the capital of the above, is a large and populous town, and, after Copenhagen and Odensee, the most opulent in Denmark. It car- ries on a good trade in corn and excellent herrings. The harbor is deep and safe, though at one place rather difficult of entrance, 30 m. N, of Wiborg. Lat.ST^N. Lon. 955' E. AAR Aalen, t. Wurtemberg, on the Kocher. Loa. 10 E. Lat. 48 47' N. Pop. 2,099. Aalsl. See Alost. Aalten, t. Netherlands, in Guelderland. Pop. 3,520. Aamara, a seaport of Barca, Africa, 60 m. S. E. ,of Tabarca. Aar, or Aren, r. Switzerland, which rises in th6 canton of Bern, and falls into the Rhine near Coblentz. Aara, t. Arabia, inHedsjas,25 m. S.W. Madi.an. Aaraban, t. Asiatic Turkey, in Diarbekir, on the river Khabur, 18 m. S. E. of Ras-ain, 53 E. N. E. of Racca. Lat. 36 21' N. Lon. 40 E.. Aarau. See A rau. Aarberg,i. Switzerland, 9m. fr. Berne. Aarburg, t. on the Aar, Switzerland, has a castle. Aardenburg. t. Netherlands, 11 m. N. E. of Bru- ges. Pop. 1,376. Aaret, t. Norway, 8 m. S. of Stavanger. Aargau, Argow, Argocia, a Swiss canton. It has the cantons of Zug and Zurich on the E. the Rhine on the N. the cantons of Basil and Solothurn on the W. with those of Berne, Lucerne, and part of Zug on the S. Extent, 650 sq. m. Pop. 132,763. Chief town, Arau. Aarhuws, one of the four bishopricks of N. Jut- land, extending from the Categat to the bp. of Wi- borg. Pop. about 140,000. Sq. miles 2,547. Aarhuus, capital of the above bp. lies on a pleasant level between the sea and an inland lake, connected by a canal dividing the town into two equal parts. It enjoys a good trade with Livonia, Sweden, Norway, Holland, England, France, and Spain. The chief article of export is corn. 48 m. S. of Aalborg. Lon. 10 13' E. Lat. 56 10' N. Pop. 4,052. Aaroe. See ArrOe. Aaronsburg, p-t. Centre co. Pa. 15 in. E. Belle- font, 40 W. by N. fr. Sunbury. 10 ABB Aaron's Island, or St. Aaron, an isl. on the N. W. coast of France, on which St. Malo is built. Aaricangen,v. Switz. canton of Berne, 12 m. E. of Solothuru. Aanreiltr. See Ahnceifer. Aasy, t. France, dep. of the Aisne, with good iron works, 5 m. S. W. of Chateau-Thierry. Abaco. See Providence, JVt ic. Abacooche. See Coosa. Abacu, a point of land on the S. co.istof St. Do- mingo. Lon. 26 44' W. Lat. 32 50' N. Abacuna, r.S. America, which joins the Orinoco near the fall of Atures. Abadan, t. of the pachalic of Bagdad, near the Persian Gulf. 40 m. S. E. of Bassora. Abode, v. Egypt, on the Nile. On the same site was built, in a superior taste, the ancient Greek city of Abydos. 80 m. S. Cairo. Abadeh, a Availed t. Persia, prov. Fars. Lat. 31 10' N. Pop. 5,000. ALahaner, a country of Chinese Tartary, in- habited by the Mongul Tartars, near the wall of China. Abaite, r. Brazil, prov. of Minas Geraes, runs E. and falls into the Rio Francisco. The largest diamond ever produced in Brazil, was found in this river. Abakan, r. Asia, which joins the Enesei, 16 m. S. of Abakansk. Abakansk, t. Russia, on the Abakan, prov. of Kolhyvane. 340 m. E. of Kolhy vane. Lat. 54 0' N. Lon. 91 14' E. Pop. 1,250. Abano, t. Austrian Italy, in Padua, noted for its hot sulphurous baths. Pop. 3,000. Abasa, Abascia, or Abghas Great and Little, a country of Asia, bounded N. by Circassia, S. by Mingrelia, and S. W. by the Black sea. The in- habitants are a bold, rebellious, and independent people, subsisting chiefly by hunting and plunder. Some of the tribes have chiefs of their own ; oth* ers consider themselves under the protection of Russia; and several acknowledge no authority. Pop. about 150,000. Aba-Ujmr, district, Hungary, above the Theiss. It is rich in metals, precious stories, wood, and wine like Tokay. Pop. 120,000. A baut of Guinea, on the river Ancobra, immediately be- hind Axim. Aboro, a market t. in the kingdom of Arra, on the Gold Coast of Africa. Aborroen, a seaport, Brazil, prov. of Seara. Aboucais, mt. of Arabia, 3 miles from Mecca, where, according to a tradition among the Ma- hometans, Adam was buried. Abouillona, or Abellionte, lake, Asiatic Turkey, in Natolia, at the foot of Mount Olympus. A riv- er called Lupat issues from the west end of the lake, which is navigable by boats to the sea of Marmora. 8 m. from Bursa. Aboukir, t. of Egypt, with a castle, 10 m.N. E. of Alexandria. This was the point chosen by Sir Ralph Absrcromby to effect his landing in 1801. Aboukir Bay, formed on the W. side by the point of land on which the town is situated, and on the east by that which lies at the mouth of the Rosetta branch of the Nile. In this bay was fought by Lord Nelson, in 1801, the famous battle of the Nile, in which thirteen French sail of the line were taken or destroyed. The country around is barren. Aboutige, or Abutige, t. of Upper Egypt in the Thebais, on the W. bank of the Nile, a little S. of Siout. The best of opium is made out of the abundance of poppies which grow here. 170 m. S. of Cairo. Lat. 26 50' N. Abranles, fortified town on the Tagus, in Portu- guese Estremadura, 45 m. E. Lisbon. Abreholhos, Abrolhos, or Abreogot, Point of, on the coast of Brazil, in Lon. 30 51' 30" W. Lat. 1819'30"S. Near this point are some hidden rocks or sand banks, on which numbers of vessels have suffered shipwreck. These sand banks are more than 20 leagues from the continent, and, cal- culated from their centre, lie in Lon. 39 18' W. Lat. 17 51' 20" S. Abries,or Aurieu, t. France, dep. of the Upper Alps, 16 leagues E. S. E. of Gap. Pop. 1,386. Abrojos, or Baxos de J5a6?Y/,abankE.of 'Turks- Island,' W. I. Lon. 70 40' \V. Lat. 21 5' N. Abron, r. France, which runs into the Loire, between Avril and Lamotte. Abrug-Banya, orAbrobania, t. Transylvania, on the Ompa, 21 m. from Alba Julia. It is the prin- cipal of what are called the metal towns. Lon. 2210'E. Lat. 46 28' N. Abruzzo, one of the four great provinces of the kingdom of Naples, bounded E. by the Adriatic, N. and W. by the states of the Church, and S. by the provinces of Terra di Lavoro, and Capitana- ta. It is divided into 3 provinces : Abruzzo Ultra I. Pop. 157,000. Chief town Teramo ; Abruzzo Ul- tra II. Pop. 233,000. Chief town Aquila ; and Abruzzo Citra. Pop. 232,000. Chief town, Chieti, A B Y Abs. t. France, dep. of the Ardeche, 8 m. N. W. of Viviers. Absccombe, p-v. Gloucester co. N. J . Absharon, peninsula of Persia, projecting into the Caspian sea. It forms the district of Baku and is part of the Persian territory annexed to Russia. It is an inexhaustible source of the Naptha. Here a few Guebres have established themselves, to- gether with temples, near to what is esteemed per- petual fire, the object of their adoration. Lat. 40 10' N. Abstotten. See Abstetten and Amslotten. Abtenau, t. Austria, in Saltzburg, 20 m. S. S. E. Saltzburg. Abtegcmund, v. in Wirtemberg, on the Kocher, 6 m. S. W. of Ellwangen. Abu-Arisch, a territory of Arabia, near the Red Sea, extending from 15 20' to 17 40' N. lat. Its principal towns are Abu-Arisch, Gesan a sea- port, Harradi, and Sabea. Salt is obtained from the hills in the vicinity, and exported. Abu-Arisch, city Arabia, in Yemen, 80 m. E. Loheia. Lon. 42 30' E. Lat. 16 45' N. Abucai, t. on the N. W. coast of the isl. of Min- danao. Lon. 125 24' E. Lat. 8 40' N. Abucees, S. Joseph de los, a settlement of Indians in S. America, on a branch of the Putumayo. Lon. 75 22' W. Lat. 36' N. Abu-Dahea, a rocky islet in the Red sea, near the coast of Arabia. Lat. 25 19' N. Abu-Mealle, isl. in the Red sea, near the coast of Arabia. Lat. 25 19' N. Aburra, S. Bartolome de, t. of New Granada. Lon. 75 17' W. Lat. 5 51' 30" N. Abury, v. Eng. Wiltshire, celebrated for a stu- pendous assemblage of stones, of great antiquity, artificially arranged. 6 nu fr. Marlborough, 81 fr. London. Abuschureia, isl. near the E. shore of the Red sea. Lat. 16 54' N. Abuschuscha, isl. in the Red sea. Lat. 27 20' N. Abusir, or Busir, t. Egypt, on the Nile, 40 m. S. Damietta. Abusir, two fortified eminences, 120 m. W. of Alexandria, in Egypt. Abulchdy r. Siberia, runs into the Yana. LOH. 132 44' E. Lat. 66 30' N. Abutige. See Aboulige. Aby, t. Sweden, in W. Bothnia, 10 m. S. Pitea. Abyssinia, an extensive kingdom of Africa, bounded E. by the Red sea, N. by Sennaar, W. and S. by Sennaar, Kordofan and vast and barba- rous regions ; about 770 m. long, and 550 broad. The ranges of mountains, with which it is every where intersected, preserve the air cool, and af- ford a supply of water sufficient to maintain fertili- ty. The declivities of the mountains afford the most agreeable situations, upon which most of the towns and villages are built. In consequence of this physical structure, Abyssinia is exceedingly fertile, and is exempted in a great measure from that sand which dooms so large a portion of Afri- ca to sterility. Wheat is raised in considerable quantity ; teff grows on every soil, and affords the bread which is in universal use. One of the most important natural curiosities of Abyssinia, is the great plain of salt, between Amphila and Massu- ah. It covers a flat plain, about four days jour- ney across. It is perfectly pure and hard for about two feet deep. It is cut with an adze into pieces, which not only serve as seasoning to food, but even circulate as money in Abyssinia. The digging of the salt is attended with considerable danger, A C A from the vicinity of the Galla, who frequently attack those employed, as well as the caravans, which convey the salt to Antalo. The govern- ment is a despotism ; the power of the sovereign has no limit ; there is no assembly of the people, nor any nobles to controul its exercise. But this absolute power is set at open defiance, not only by a number of savage tribes established in the heart of his dominions, but by the governor of the small- est province, by every one in short who can col- lect around him a body of armed men. Civil war rages thus almost without intermission. This perpetual state of civil war and confusion seems to be the main cause of that peculiar barbarism and brutality, by which the manners of Abyssinia are characterised. Dead bodies lie in the streets, without being allowed the rites of sepulture, but are left to be devoured by the dogs and hyaenas. They eat raw flesh, and when on a journey, are in the habit of cutting steaks from a living animal, then closing up the wound and driving him on. Marriage in Abyssinia is a very slight connection, formed and dissolved at pleasure. Although the Abyssinians profess Christianity, their religion still retains a large share of* Judaical observances. They abstain from the meats prohibited by the Mosaic law ; practise circumcision, and keep both the Saturday and Sunday as Sabbaths. The Cop- tic patriarch of Cairo continues still to be the nominal head of the church, from whom the Abu- na, the resident head, receives his investiture. Their veneration for the Virgin is unbounded. Their saints are very numerous, and surpass in miraculous power even those of the Romish calen- dar. The foreign commerce of Abyssinia is car- ried on entirely by way of Massuah, whence the communication with the interior is maintained by the channel of Adowa. The imports are chiefly lead, block tin, gold foil, Persian carpets, raw silks from China, velvets, French broadcloths, coloured fkins from Egypt, glass beads and decanters from Venice. The exports consist of gold, ivory, and slaves. The population is variously estimated from 2 to 3,000,000. Abzal, r. Persia, flows into the Persian gulf. Acabet Assollom, a seaport of Barca in Africa, 60 nuS.E. of Tabarca. Acadia, the name by which Nova Scotia was Called when it belonged to the French. See JVb- r Sen i in. Acadia, co. Louisiana. Pop. 6,174. Chief t. Godberrys, between lake Maurepas and the Mis- sissippi. Acaguiry, t. Hindostan, in Golconda; 36 m. N. W. Adorn. Acama, or Cape St. Epiphany, a promontory of the island of Cyprus. Acartfi, r. in the province of Darien, which falls into the sea between Cape Tiburon and the bay of Caledonia. Acapulco, or Los Rages, t. Mexico, on the coast of the Pacific ocean. Its port is one of the finest in the world, and capable of containing any num- ber of vessels in perfect safety. The principal trade of Acapulco is with Manilla, one of the Philippine islands, to which it has for a long pe- riod sent out annually a large vessel, called a gal- leon. The lading from Acapulco to Manilla gen- erally consists of silver, a very small quantity of r;f*-.hineal from Oxaca, of cocoa from Guayaquil and Carraccas, wine, oil, and Spanish wool. The value of the precious metals, exported in a single vessel, including what is not registered, amounts ACE 13 in general to about 200,OOOZ. or 250,OOOZ. The galleon generally sails from Manilla in the middle of July, or beginning of August, when the south- west monsoon is already completely established. Its cargo consists of muslins, printed calicoes, coarse cotton shirts, raw silks, china, silk stock- ings, articles of jewelry, spices, and aromatics. The voyage formerly lasted from five to six months, but now only three or four. As soon as the intel- ligence arrives at Mexico, that the galleon has been seen off the coast, the roads are covered with travellers, and every merchant hastens to treat with the supercargoes who arrive from Manilla. Acapulco, owing to its position, is extremely un- healthy ; and the unfortunate inhabitants, besides being tormented with earthquakes and hurricanes, breathe a burning air, full of insects, and vitiated by putrid emanations. Bilious fevers, and the cholera morbus, are very frequent, and the Mexi- cans, who descend from the table land to purchase goods, on the arrival of the galleon, are frequently the victims of those diseases. Pop. 4,000, mostly people of color. At the time of the arrival of the Manilla galleon, this number is increased to 9,000. Lat. 16 50' 29" N. Acaraga, r. Paraguay, which enters the Uru- guay, near the city of Assumption. Acari, r. in Brazil, which enters the Amazon at its mouth. Acaries, isl. in the Grecian Archipelago, 9 m. E. of Naxia. Acarigua, r. Venezuela, rises near the town of Araure, and running south, enters the La Portu- guesa,a branch of the Apure. Acarretfo, a port in S. America, province of Da- rien. Lon. 77 24' W. Lat. 8 39' N. Acasabastlan, r. in the province of Vera Paz, in Mexico, runs into the Golfo Dolce, 50 m. S. of Vera Paz. Acassa, r. in French Guiana, enters the sea be- tween the Ayapuco and Cape Orange. Acayuca, t. 100 leagues S. E. of Mexico. Lon. 94 46' 30" W. Lat. 7 53' N. Acazutla, a port on the Pacific ocean, in Guati- mala. Lon. 99 3' W. Lat. 14 42' N. Accaba, mountains in Asia, between Palestine and Arabia Petraa, N. E. of the upper extremity of the Red sea. Accaba, or Calaat el Accaba, fortress of Arabia Petrsea, 150 m. E. S. E. of Suez. The harbour is of difficult access, dangerous, and full of rocks. Lon. 39 45' E. Lat. 28 45' N. Accar. See Akker. Accetura, t. Naples, 19 m. S. S. E. Acerenza> Accites, r. in Caraccas, S. America, which en- ters the Oronoco. Accoloretto, t. Italy, in the papal duchy of Spo- leto,7m. S.W. ofTodi. Accomac,co. Va. on theE. shore of Chesapeake bay. Pop. 15,966 ; slaves, 4,480 ; engaged in agriculture, 3,979 ; in commerce, 170 ; in manu- factures, 341. At the court-house is a post-office. Chief t. Drummondtown. 270 m. E. Richmond, 214 S. E. Washington. Accwmulo, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Ulterior, 17 m. N. W. of Aquilla. Aceglio, t. Italy, in the dutchy of Milan. Acere, t. Italy, in the dutchy of Milan, in Pavia. Acerenza, t. 80 m. E. Naples. Acerno, or Acierno, t. Naples, in Basilicata, 14 m. E. N. E. of Salerno. Lon. 14 50' E. Lat. 40 45' N. Pop. 3,500. Acerra, t. Naples, 8 m. N. N. E. of Naples. 14 A C Q Ach. See Aach. Aclia, three small rivers in Bavaria. The first falls into the Danube near Donaworth ; the sec- ond a little above Ingoldstadt ; the third falls in- to the Inn below Oettingen. Achasse, r. France, which falls into the Rhone. Acheen, a kingdom occupying the N. W. extrem- ity of the island of Sumatra, and reaching about 50 miles inland. Acheen, the capital of the above kingdom, is on a river about 2 m. from the sea. It contains 8,000 houses. Lon. 95 46' E. Lat. 5 36' N. Acheen-liead, a cape on the N. coast of Sumatra. Lon. 95 40' E. Lat. 5 26' N. Achen-Achense, a lake in the Tyrol. Achen. See Ach im. Achcson's Haven, v. Scotland, Haddingtonshire, on the S. shore of the frith of Forth. Achiachica. See Angelas. Achibamba, r. New Grenada, in Quito, which enters the Amazon. Achignn River, Lower Canada, which falls into the Assumption, 12 m. from its mouth. Achil^ isl. on the W. coast of Ireland. Lat. 53 38' N. Achilty, lake, Scotland, Ross-shire. Achim, in Hanover, a village on the Weser. Pop. 984.- Achmim, or Echmim, t. Upper Egypt, on the left bank of the Nile, 200 m. S. of Cairo. Lon. 31 55' E. Lat. 26 40' N. Pop. 1 8,000. Achmunein, v. Upper Egypt, 120 m. S. of Cairo. Pop. 5,000. Achorstown, p-v. Columbiana co. Ohio. Achtia. See Sevastopol. Achtirka, t. Russia, in Slobodsk Ukraine, on a river of the same name. Pop. 12,788. Lon. 35 40' E. Lat. 50 23' N. Achtube. See Aktuba. Acken, town, castle, and bailiwick, on the Elbe, in the dutchy of Magdeburg, 9 m. from Zerbst. Lon. 12 9' E. Lat. 51 53' N. Pop. 2,529. Acken. See Aix La Cfiapelle. Ackerhuus, Ackersund. See Aggero. Acklin's Keys, two islands in W. Indies. Lon. 74 30' W. Lat. 21 53' N. Ackworth, t. England, Yorkshire, where there is a benevolent institution for the children of Qua- kers. Pop. 1,322. Acletta, district of Switzerland, in the country of the Orisons. Acolastre, and Acolin, two rivers of France, which fall into the Loire, near Nevers. Aconcagua, province of Chili, bounded on the N. by Quillota, E. by the Andes, S. by Santiago, and W. by Quillota. It produces grain, fruits, and copper in abundance. Pop. 8,000. Aconcagua, t. Chili, in Aconcagua province. Aconcagua, r.,S. America, which enters the Pa- cific in 33 S. lat. Acori, r. province of Para, in Brazil, which falls into the Amazon. Acoury, or Ackoru, t. Hind. 12 m. N. W. of At- tock, on the Indus. Acquabella,, a cape on the coast of Naples, in the gulf of Venice. Acqucude Corsari,] a harbour on the W. coast of the island of Sardinia. Acqua della Fico, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 15 m. W. of Squillace. Ar.qv/t-Negra,L'ltaly,\u the dutchy of Mantua, 2 m. N. N. E. of Caneto. A C W Acqua-Negra,t. Italy, in the dutchy of Milan, 3 m. W. of Cremona. Acquara, t. Naples, in the principato Citra, 13 m. S. W. of Cangiano. Acquasco, p-v. Prince George's co. Md. 42 m. S. S. W. Annapolis, 38 S. E. Washington, on Pa- tuxent river. Acqua-f^iva, t. Italy, in the marquisate of An- cona, 10 m. N. E. of Ascoli. Acqui, or Aqiii, t. Italy, 17 m. S. S. W. of Ales- sandria, and 44 S. E. of Turin. Pop. 6,660. Acra, or Megarish Ussier, t. Arabia, in Nedsjed, 60 m. N. of Hajar. Acra, a kingdom on the Gold Coast of Africa, about 26 miles in length, and from 12 to 20 in breadth. It is the most healthy situation of any on this coast, and carries on the most extensive trade, both with the Europeans and with the inte- rior. Both the English and Dutch have forts at Acra ; here is also a Danish fort. Lon. 10' W. Lat. 5 31' N. Acre, an ancient city of Palestine, a sea-port in the pachalic of Acre, which extends from the Mediterranean on the west to the river Jordan on the east. Acre stands on a bay, in a situation ren- dered unhealthy from the neighbouring marshes. Severe distempers are therefore prevalent during every summer ; and in 1760, no less than 7000 persons fell victims to the plague. The town is small, but very populous and well fortified. Some trade is carried on in the export of cotton, and the import of rice ; but the harbour is bad, though better than most others on the coast. Europeans, however, enjoy much liberty, and a great degree -of respect, as well from the government as the peo- ple, who are a mixture of Turks, and Arabs. Population 18,000 or 20,000. This city has been celebrated from remote antiquity. During near- ly two centuries it became the principal theatre of the crusades. In March, 1799, this city was be- sieged, without success, by the French, under Bo- naparte. Since the siege, the fortifications have been considerably enlarged. Distant 23 m. N. N. W. of Jerusalem, 27 S. of Tyre. Acre, a pachalic of Syria, in" A. Turkey on the Mediterranean, inclosed by the pacha lies of Da- mascus and Tripoli. It contains, including the country of the Druses, above 400,000 inhabitants, and supports a standing army of 1,900 men. Acri, r. Naples runs into the gulf of Ta- rento. Acringlon, t. England, Lancashire, 9 m. E. of Blackburn. Pop. 3^66. Acron, a division of the Fantee territory, on the Gold Coast of Africa. The principal seaport is Apam, 50 m. E. N. E. of Cape Coast. Acropoli. See Agropoli. Acsu, t. Little Bukharia, 108 m.E. of Cashgar. Lon. 75 15' E. Lat. 43 N. Acton, t. Eng. Cheshire, on the Grand Trunk Canal, 4 m. fr. Nantwich, 177 fr. London. Acton, t. in Richelieu and Buckingham cos. Lower Canada, E. of Montreal. Acton, t. in Windham co. Vt. 33 m. S. Windsor. Pop. 245. Acton, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. 24 m. N. W. of Boston. Pop. 1,047. Anil, s-p. of St. Domingo, 8 m. S. S. W. of Cape Francois; another, 16 m. S. W. of Los Cayes. Acworth, p-t. in Cheshire co. N. H. 36 m. W. of Concord. Pop. 1,472. ADA Adaes, t. Texas, 430 m. N. W. of N. Orleans. Adaguesa, t. Spain, in Arragon, on the Vero, 12 ra. N. W. of Balbastro. Adair, t. Ireland, 8 m. S. W. of Limerick. Adair, co. Ken. Chief t. Columbia. Pop. in 1820, 8,765, slaves 1,509; engaged in .agriculture 2.2-23, in commerce 27, in manufactures 196. At the C.H. is a post office. Adaja, r. in Spain, runs into the Douro at Am- ano. Adak, one of the Aleutian islands. Lon. 184 4' E. Lat. 53 40' N. Adalguez, or Adalgious, t. Kurdistan, on lake Van, 15 m. E. of Aklat. Adam, t.Eu. Turkey, in Moldavia, 10 m. N. N. W. of Galatz. Adamas, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 18 m. N. E. of Cordova. Adampe, a territory on the Gold Coast of Africa, extending from Acra to the Volta. Adams, t. in Coos co. N. H. 64 m. N. of Concord. Pop. 363. Adams, p-t. Berkshire co. Mass. 29 m. N.Lenox. Pop. 1,836. Adams, p-t. Jefferson co. N. Y. S. W. of Wa- tertown, 166 m. W. N. W. of Albany. Pop. 2,467. Adams, t. Lancaster co. Pa. 20 m. N. E. Lan- caster. Adams, p-t. Dauphine co. Pa. 133 m. fr. Wash- ington city. Adams, co. Pa. bordering on Maryland. Chief t. Gettysburg. Pop. 19,370 t ; engaged in agri- culture, 3,514, in commerce, 65, in manufactures, 1,526. Adams, p-v. Hyde co. N. C. 153 m. S. E. Ra- leigh. Adams, co. Mississippi, on Mississippi r. Chief towns, Natches and Washington. Pop. 9,892, slaves, 1,299; engaged in agriculture, 4,060, in commerce 10 in manufactures, 22. Adams, t. Washington co. Ohio, on the Musk- ingum, 10 m. N. Marietta. Pop. 620 ; in 1820, 324. Adams, co. Ohio, on Ohio river, between Scioto and Brown cos. Chief t. Westunion. Pop. in 1820, 10,406 ; engaged in agriculture, 1,560, in commerce 15, in manufactures, 380. Adams, t. Darkes co. Ohio. Pop. 343. Adams, p-t. St. Clair co. Illinois. Adam's Bridge, a ledge of sand-banks between the coasts of Ceylon and Coromandel. Adain's Peak, mt. Ceylon island, 60 m. N. E. of Colombo. Adam's Point, on the W. coast of N. America, S. of the river Columbia. Lat. 46 15' N. Adamsville, p-v. Marlboro' co. S. C. Adana, a pachalic of Anatolia in A. Tur- key, on the Mediterranean, enclosed by Itschil andfthe pachalics of Konieh,Merasche and Aleppo. Adana, t. A. Turkey, on the river Adana, 10 or 12 m.from the sea, 170 S. S.W. of Sivas, and 150 S. E. of Konieh, Lon. 35 6' E. Lat. 36 A D E 15 Adana, r. A. Turkey, flows into the Mediterra- nean, Lon. 35" 17 E. Lat. 36 48' N. Adanad, t. Hind, in Malabar, 25 m. S. S. E. of Calicut. Adanaque, or Andanaque, t. Kurdistan, on the Deaal, which flows into the Tigris, N. of Bag- da -L Adda, a Danish fort, on the Gold Coast of Af- rica, at the mouth of the Rio Volta. Adda, r. in Italy, runs through the Valteline in- to the lake of Como, and joins the Po, near Cre- mona. Addenbrook, Point, on the W. coast of N. Amer- ica. Lon. 232 8: E. Lat. 51 30' N. Adderbury, t. Eng. Oxfordshire, 3 m. fr. Ban- bury. Addingham, t. Eng. Yorkshire, 6 m. fr. Skipton. Addinston, Cape, on the W. coast of the Prince of Wales' Archipelago. Lon. 226 23' E. Let. 55 26' N. Addison, t. Washington co. Maine, 15 m. W. of Machias. Pop. 519. Addison, co. Vt. on Lake Champlain, an i ,n Otter Creek. Chief t. Vergennes. Pop. 20,469^ engaged in agriculture, 5,1 15, in commerce 72, in manufactures 1,098. Addison, p-t. Addison co. Vt. on Lake Cham- plain, 69 m. S. W. of Montpelier, and 10 W. Mid- dlebury. Pop. 1,100. Addison, p-t. Steuben co. N. Y. 15 m. S. Bath. Pop. 652. Addison, t. Somerset co. Pa. W. S. W. of Har- risburg. Pop. 755. Addison, t, Galliaco. Ohio, on the Ohio, 4 m. N. Gallipolis. Pop. 636. Adebuil, t. Switzerland, in the canton of Lucerne, 7 m. N. W. of Lucerne. Adel, or Adaiel, a territory of Africa, immediate- ly S. E. of Abyssinia. It stretches from Zsila to the Straits of Babelmandel, and is divided among a number of war-like tribes, who carry on almost perpetual war with Abyssinia. Zeila is the chief town. Adekbsen, t. in Calenberg, Hanover. Pop. 1,131. Adelfors, t. Sweden, in Jonkoping. Lat. 57 26' N. Adelgians. See Adalguez. Addmannsfelden, t. Wirtemberg, in Jaxt. Pop. 1,032. Adelnau, t. Prussia, in Posen. Pop. 1,135. Addphi, four islands in the Grecian Archipelago in Lon. 24 4' E. Lat. 39 2^ N. Adelphi, p-t. Ross co. Ohio, 16 m. N. E. Chilli- cothe. Pop. 132. Adelsberg, t. Austria, in Inner Carniola, between Laybach and Fiume, capital of a circle of the same name, 12 m. E. N. E. of Trieste. Aden, a small state of Arabia, in Yemen, bound- ed S. by the Indian ocean, W. and N. by the do- minions of the Imam of Yemen, and E. by the country of Jafa. Aden, s-p. cap. of the state of Aden, situated on the rocky peninsula in the S. W. extremity of Ara- bia, formerly the most opulent city of Arabia. The surrounding country is fertile, and could ex- port gold, ivory, coffee, and gum. Lon. 45 10' E. Lat. 12 56' N. Adendorf, a lordship in the grand dutchy of the Lower Rhine, which belongs to Russia ; 8 m. fr. Bonn. Adenore, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 5 m. S. of Golconda. Aderampar, t. Hind, in Travancore, 35 m. N. E. of Porcah. Aderno, t. Sicily, in Val Demona, at the foot of Mount Etna. Adcrsbach, v. Bohemia ia the circle of Konig- 16 ADO ingratz. In the neighbourhood is a famous rock above 4 miles long, 1 broad and 160 feet high ; composed of manyihousand parts, its surface is sandstone, 24 feet thick, and a cataract pours down it of 60 feet perpendicular height. Adjazse. See Ajaccio. Adiconi, a port of Venezuela. Adige, r. rises in the country of the Grisons, on the borders of Tyrol, and runs into the gulf of Venice near the mouths of the Po. It passes by Tyrol, Brixon, Trent, Verona, and Rovigo. Adijiara, r. Great Bukharia, flows into the Har- ret, opposite Arhenz. Adjodin, or Paukputtun, city Hind, in Moultan, on the river Setlege. Lon. 73" 30' E. Lat. 30 21' N. Adirbeitzan. See Aserbijan. Adlar, r. in Bohemia, which falls into the Elbe uear Konigingratz. Adkrberg. See Arlberg. Adlersberg. See Adelsberg. Adlington, i. Eng. Cheshire, 5 m. from Maccles- field. Adlington, t Eng. Lancashire, 4 m. from Wigan. Admiralty Bay, on the N. coast of Tavia Poen- amoo the most southern island of New Zealand, between Cape Stephens and Cape Jackson. Admiralty Island, isl. discovered by the Dutch, near Nova Zembla, in the Frozen Ocean. Admiralty Island, large isl. on the W. coast of North America, between King George the Third's Archipelago and the continent, about 180 m. in circuit. Lon. 225 10' to 226 31' E. Lat. 57 2 to 58 24' N. Admiralty Islands, a number of small isls. at the entrance of Admiralty bay, New-Zealand. Lon. 185 Z W. Lat. 40 48' S. Admiralty Islands, a cluster of 20 or 30 islands in the South Pacific ocean, discovered by the Dutch in 1816. Lat. 158' 50" to 2 20' S. The most western island lies in Ion. 143 37' 38" E. Admont, t. Austria, on the Ens, in Inner Austria, circle of Judenburg, 6 m. N. E. Rosenmann. Pop. 7.50. Admuncotta, L Hind. 6 m. S. of Darampoory. Ado, isl. Russia, in the gulf of Bothnia, near the coast of Finland. Lon. 20 14' E. Lat. 60 19'N. Adolphus, Point, on the N. coast of King George the Third's Archipelago. Lon 224 28' E. Lat. 5818'N. Adorn, or Theton, t. on the Danube, in Hungary, 12 m. S. of Buda. Adorn, a small territory in the interior of the Gold Coast of Africa. Adoni, L and district, Hind, in Golconda, 188m. N. of Seringapatam, 130 S. W. of Hydrabad. Adonis. See Eide. Adorf, t. Saxony, on the Elster, near the frontiers of Bohemia, 12 m. from Egra. Pop, 1,310. Adour, r. France, rises in the Pyrenees, and runs into the bay of Biscay, 3 m. below Bayonne. Adowa, the capital of Tigre in Abyssinia, and residence of the sovereign since the Galla gained possession of Gondar. It has an extensive manu- facture oi cotton cloths, and is the channel of com- munication between the coast and the interior. Cattle, corn, and salt, constitute their chief arti- cles of barter. About a thousand slaves pass through Adowa, to be shipped at Massuah and oth- er ports on the Red sea. Lon. 39 5' E, Lut, 14 I? 30 7 ' N. Pop. 8,000. A F F Adra, t. Spain, on the Mediterranean, 45 in. S,E. of Granada. Lon. 3 10' E. Lat. 36 4' N. Adra, r. Spain, in Granada, falls into the Medi- terranean near the town of Adra. Adra, r. Turkey, in Europe, which joins the Marizza at Adrianople. Adra, t. Syria, 15 m. N. E. of Damascus. Adragno, t. Sicily, in the Val di Mazzara, 20 m. E. N. E. of Mazzara. Adramiii, now Ydramit,i. in Natolia, on the E. coast of the gulf of Adramiti. Adria. t. in Austrian Italy, on a peninsula form- ed by the river Tartaro and an arm of the Po, 15 m. E. of Rovigo. Lon. 12 2' E. Lat. 45 2' N. Pop. 7,200. Adriampatam, t. Hind. 37 m. S. E. of Tanjore. Adrianople, (called by the Turks Adranah,) on the Marizza, in Eu. Turkey, 130m. N. W. of Con- stantinople. The Marizza, which is navigable to its embouchure in the Archipelago, promotes ma- terially both foreign and inland trade. The prin- cipal merchants are Greeks, Jews, and Armenians, but the town is also inhabited by Wallachians, Turks, and other oriental tribes. An important branch of commerce is the wine and fruit raised in the adjacent country. It still continues a favour- ite place of retreat with the sultans. Pop. 100,000. Lon. 23 20' E. Lat. 44 10' N. Adrianopoli. See Argyro Castro. Adriatic Sea, or Gulf of Venice, a part of the Mediterranean which extends from S. E. to N. W. between Italy and Illyria, from lat,40 to 45 55' N. The ebb and flow of the tide, which is not ob- servable in other parts of the Mediterranean, takes place daily in the shores of the Adriatic, though in a much less degree than in the ocean. Adrichoa. See Andrichoa. Adshibey, a new fortress of Russia, on the coast of the district of Oczakow. Adshider, a fortress of Russia in the government of Cherson, on the Dniester. Adsjar, t. Arabia, on the S. side of the Persian gulf. Lon. 48 20' E. Lat. 26 8' N. Adventure Bay, a spacious bay on the east coast of Bruny's Isle, off Van Diemen's Land. Lon. 147 30' E, Lat. 43 20' S. See Bruntfs Isle. Adventure Island, in the S. Pacific ocean. Lon. 144 30' W. Lat. 17 5' S. Adzaneta, t. Spain, in Valencia, 25 m. S. W. of Pensicola. Adsel, t. Russia, gov, of Riga, 20 m. S. W. of Dorpat. Adzerballig, v. Denmark, in duchy of Sleswick. Adsiud, or Atschud, t. Eu. Turkey, in Molda- via, 9 m. W. S. W. of Birlat. Adzul, t. Eu. Turkey, in Wallachia, 5 m. E. of Jalonitza, and 6 N. W. of Kirsova. AZgades Islands, (the Insulce AZgusa of the Ro- mans) in the Mediterranean, W. of Sicily. Aegelslawick, s-p. Sweden, near Stockholm. Aeron, r. Wales, runs into Cardigan Bay. Aerschott, or Arschot f t. Netherlands, 7 m. N. E. of Louvain, 20 S. E. of Antwerp. Aerskaia, t. Siberia, on the Irtisch, 60 m. N. W. of Tara. Afdim, Afdimu, Aitimo, or Audimo, v. of Cy- prus, 16 m. W. of Baffa. AJfarii, t Eu. Turkey, on the Marizza, 45 m. S. E. of Philipopoli. Affleck's Canal, inlet in the N. Pacific ocean. Lon 226 19' E. Lat. 56 7'N. Ajfnoo, a caravan station between Fezzan and Tombuctoo-, 120m. N. E, of Toiobuctoo. A G A Afghanistan, a considerable kingdom, between Persia and Hiudostan, bounded E. by the Indus, N. by a range of lofty mountains, separating it from Bulkh and Budukhshan, \Y- by Persia, Herat be in* its frontier town, and S. by Baloochistan. It lies between 29 and 36 N. lat. and 61 and 71 E. Ion. comprehending the ancient kingdoms ofZabu- lil ;>C' N . . ^fli/v?, a remarkable people of Abyssinia, in- habiting a territory to the cast of the. M>IUV<-> u' Ihe Bahr-el-Azrek. or Abyssinian Nile. So late a^ the 17th eontury, they were converted to Chris- tianity. Their language iscnthvlv different from the Abyssinian, and is "said by Mr." Salt to bear a resemblance to some of the English country dia- lect?. Agra, province of Hind, bounded N. by Delhi, S. by Malwaff, E. by Oude and Allahabad, and W. by Ajmeer. A^ra, city, cap. of the above province, and seat of the British civil authority ; is on the river Jum- na, 800 m. N. W. Calcutta. It is now in a ruin- ous state. About the middle of the 16th century, the emperor Akbar built here a palace and an ex- tensive fort of red free stone, and changed its name to Akbarabad. In 1803, it was captured by the British army from the Mahrattas. In 1813, under the direction of the Church Missionary Society, the Rev. Dr. Corrie arrived here with Abdool Messe, a native convert ; the journal of whose proceedings has excited so widely a zealous con- cern for the success of Missions in India. The So- ciety possess a building, called the Kuttra, where Abdool resides, and where worship is held. In 18 months, about 50 persons with their children, em- braced the Christian religion. Some of them were Fakeers, or Religious Mendicants ; 6 were Mahometans of the first respectability ; the rest were of the labouring classes of the people. Schools are opened in the Kuttra and in three other places, and about 100 Heathen and Mahom- etan children attend them. The converts are poor, but chiefly support themselves, the men by weaving, and the women by spinning. Agragansk, fortress of Asiatic Russia, on the Caspian, 65 m. N. of Derbend. Agram, or Zagrab, t. Austria, cap. of Croatia, at a little distance from the right bank of the Save. Pop. 17,266. It carries on considerable trade and navigation. Lon. 16 3' E. Lat. 45 49' N. Agram.) province of Croatia in Austria. Pop. 178,126. The part on the S. side of the Save was annexed in 1816 to the kingdom of Illyria. Azramont, t. Spain, in Catalonia. Pop 3,000. Agreda, t. Spain, in Soria. Pop. 3,200. Lon. 1 47' VV. Lat. 41 53' N. Agropoli, t. Naples, 22 m. S. S. E. of Salerno. Agua, Cape, Spain, on the coast of Murcia. .4gua de Peixes, t. Portugal, 15 m. S. of Evora. Agua, seaport on the Gold Coast of Africa. Aguada,r. Spain, in Salamanca, which joins the Duero at St. Martin. Aguada, poiut,at the mouth of the gulf of Darien. Azuas Calicntes, city of New Spain, 140 leagues N. N. VV. of Mexico, and 35 of Guadalaxara. Aguatulco. s-p. Guaxaca, on the Pacific. Lat. 15 44' \. A'n-eh, t. in Natolia, on the Black sea, 10 m. E. ofErekli. Agueira, t. Portugal, prov. of Beira, 21 m. E. N. E. of Lamego. Aguigan,onc of the Caroline islands. Lat. 14 43' X. A'^nilur, t. Spain, in Navarre, 12 m. S. VV. of Etella. Aguilar, t. Spain, 32m. S. of Cordova. AguUar del Campo, t. Spain, 40 m. N. W. of Burgos. Aguirra, r. in Guiana, falls into the Orinoco, at it mouth. A I G , t. France, clcp. of the Indre. Mania, a kingdom on the Gold Coast of Africa, bounded on the west by Appollonia, on the east by the Fantee territories. It is the richest district upon the coast. . ///.///. t. Persia,30 m. S. S. W. Candahar. Ahcr,i. Persia, 20 m. N. of Tabris. . l>'ikooly,t. Hind, in the Mysore. . //;A/f/i, t. Hanover, on the river Leine. .iiilf.n, L Prussian Westphalia, on the Werre. Pop. 1,816. Atimedabad, capital of the province of Gujerat in Hind, on the Sabermaty, which falls into the gulf ofCambay. One of the best fortified cities iu Hindostan, A/itiiKdnagur.i.llind. in the Carnatic Bala-ghaut, well fortified, with extensive cotton factories. Ahmedpore^ t. Hind, in Orissa, 34 m. S. of Cut- tack. Altpmoojeenee-Gamook, lake in Maine, N. of Moosehead lake, discharges its waters by the riv- er St. John into the bay of Fundy. Ahr,r. Prussia, which joins the Rhine at Sinzig. Ahberg) t. in Germany, in the Bavarian circle of the Rezat,3 m. S. W. of Ohrenbau. Ahrenfds, v. 17m. N. N. VV. of Coblentz. Ahrensburg, v. Denmark, dutchyof Holstein, 13 m. from Hamburg. Ahweikr. t. Prussian province of the Lower Rhine, on the Ahr. Lon. 70 3' E. Lat. 50 25' N. Pop. 1,779. Ahsa. See Lachsa. Ahun, t. France, dep. of Creuse, Lon. 2 E. Lat. 49 5' N. Pop. 1,850. Ahuwan, t. of Persia, 30 m. S. S. W. of Dame- gan. Ahwas, Ahuasi, or Harisa, t. Persia, in Khuzi?- tan, 40 m. N. of Bussorah. Ahwas Hirer. See Karasu. Aja, Cape, the south point of the Crimea. Ajaccio, or Ajasso, the capital of Corsica, and the birth-place of Napoleon Bonaparte. It lies on a bay of the same name, 676 m. from Paris ; is well fortiaed and better built than the other towns of the island. Pop. 6,570. Ajan, the name of the eastern coast of Africa, from Cape Guardafui to Magdasho. Aias, t. in Natolia, 25 m. W. of Angora. Aias, s-p. Turkey, 20 m. N. of Scanderoon. Lon. 36 5' E. Lat. 36 45' N. A'uisaluck, (an. Ephcsv.s?) v. Asia Minor, in Na- tolia, 39 m. S. of Smyrna. Lon. 27 23' E. Lat. 38 S'N. Ai.blimr, t. in Bavaria, 22 m. S. E. of Munich. Aichack, t. Bavaria, 12 m. E. N. E. Augsburg. Aichberg. See Egenburg. Aichslettein, t. Bavaria. Pop. 1,380. Aickstetten, t. Wirtemberg. Pop. 500. Aidab,pori, A.Turkey, on the Red sea. Lat. 2212'N. Aidona, t. Sicily, 4 m. N. E. of Piazza. Ajello, t Naples, prov. of Abruzzo Ultra. II. Aieta-i t. Naples, in Calabria Citra. Ajetto,i. Naples, in Calabria Cilra. Ai2.cn, i. Austria, 105 m. W. of Vienna. Atgle, or Hals, t. Switzerland, 36 m. E. N. E. of Geneva. Aisle., promontory on the coast of France, be- tween Marseilles and Toulon. VAigle, t France, dep. of the Orne, 14 leagues N. E. of Alencon. Pop. 5,947. Aignai, or Aigney-lt-Dvc, t. France, dep. of Cote d'Or, 10 leagues N. W. Dijon. Pop. 266. A I N Atgnan, t. France, dep. of Gers. Pop. 1,413. Aigre, t. France, dep. of Charente, 7 leagues N. W. Angouleme. Pop. 1,428. Aigre-Feuille, t. France, dep. of Lower Cha- Aiguebello, t. Savoy, 6 leagues E. of Chamberry. digue-Perse, t. France, in Puy de Dome. Pop. "^Ai'gues, r. France, falls into the Rhone near Or- A I X 19 s,!. France, in Card, 7 leagues S. S. W. of Nismes. Pop. 2,800. Aigues-Vives, t. France, 12 m. S. W. Nismes. Aiguition, t. France, at the conflux of the Lot and Garonne. Pop. 2,380. Aiguines, t. France, dep. of Var, 16 m. N. E. of Barjols. Aijaltan, t. Syria, 35 m. S. of Tripoli. Amhur, t. Hind. 23 m. E. of Chatterpore. Ajitmul, t. of Agra, in Hind. 25 m. W. Cawn- pore. Aikmane, r. Palestine, runs into the Mediterra- nean, 9 m. N. of Acre. Aiko, isl. Sweden, in the gulf of Bothnia. Lon. 21 10' E. Lat. 61 13' N. Ailah, s-p. Arabia, in Hedsjas, on the Red sea, called Elath, in Scripture. 108 m. E. of Suez. Lon. 40 5' E. Lat. 28 55' N. Aillas,t. France,dep. of Gironde, 6 m. N. E. of Bazas. Ailweston, t. England, Huntington co. 58 miles from London. Aimargues, t. France, 3 leagues from Nismes. Ajmter, or Rajpootana, an extensive province in the centre of Hmdostan, bounded N. by Delhi and Moultan, S. by Malwa and Gujerat,E. by Del- hi and Agra, and W. by Siride. Ajmeer, city, cap. of the above. Lon. 74 48' E. Lat. 26 35' N. Near it is a remarkable place of Hindoo superstition, called Phokur, or Pooshkur, it being a common saying, that all the pilgrimages of the world are of no avail, without bathing in the waters of Phokur. In 1819, a Baptist missionary was sent here to establish schools as a means of in- troducing the Gospel. Aimoutier, t. France, dep. of Upper Vienne, 5 leagues S. E. St. Leonard. Ain, a department of France, bordering on Sa- voy and Switzerland. Pop. 322,608. Ainabacldi. See Lepanto. Ainade, t. Arabia, in Hadramaut. Ain-aeel, Ainbartha, Ain-beseeze, Ain-ditta, Ain-el-graab, Ain-gitrain, Ain on Heide, Ain- milsa, Ain-tl-trab, Ain-thyllah; villages in the South of Algiers, near the Sahara. Ain-charin, v. Palestine, 5 m. fr. Jerusalem. Aincreviile, t. France, dep. of Meuse, 3 m. S. W. Dun. Ain-dain, r. France, falls into the Rhone, above Lyons. Ain-gebel, t. Asiatic Turkey, in Diarbekir, 40 m. S. W. Mosul. Ain-haroof, t. Syria, 150 m. S. S. E. of Aleppo. Ain-musa, or el Aayon-moussa, the wells of Mo- se?, Arabia, 10 m. from Suez. Ainduren, v. Wirtemberg. Pop. 1,100. Ainos, or Ainus, aborigines of Jesso and Sag- halien, commonly called Wild Kuriles. Formerly they were an independent nation, waging wars with the Japanese, even so lately as the 17th century ; but have been subdued by that nation. Ainsa, t. Spain, in Arragon, 18 m. N. Balbastro. Pop. 500. Ainsworth, t. Eng. in Lancashire. Pop. 1,422. Aintab, t. Syria, 40 m. N. of Aleppo, 130 S. W. Diarbekir. Lon. 37 25' E. Lat. 36 25' N. Ajo, Cape, Spain, on the coast of Biscay. Ajos, isl. Sweden, in the gulf of Bothnia. Lon. 2424'E. Lat. 6538'N. Ajos, v. Paraguay, 24 leagues E. Assumption. Aios Constantinos, t. Candia, 32 m. S. E. Canea. Aiotitlan,v. Mexico, in Guadalaxara, on the Pa- cific. Aiou, a group of Islands. Lon. 131 10' E. Lat. 024'N. Air. See Ayr. Air, t. Bedford co. Pa. S. W. Harrisburg. Pop. 1,760. Airagwes, t. France, dep. of the mouths of the Rhone, 13J leagues N. W. of Aix. Airano, t. Italy, 10 m. S. E. of Como. Airdrie, t. Scotland, 12 m. E. of Glasgow. Aire, t. France, dep. of the Landes, 9 leagues N. N E. of Pau, and 22 S. S. E. of Bordeaux. Air,orArien,t. France, dep. of Pas de Calais, 13 m. from St. Omer. Airolo, Airola, Ertels, or Orient, v. Switz. can- ton of Ticino, 21 m. S. Altoff. Airon, r. France, which runs into the Loire, Airvaux, or Airvault, t. France, dep. of Deux Sevres, 14 leagues N. E. of Niort. Pop. 2,070. Aisa, t. Spain, in Arragon, 7 m. N, Jaca. Aisch, r. Bavaria, which joins the Regnitz at Brandenlohe. Aise,r. Francejoins the Orne, above Caen. Aise. See Asse. Aislingen, t. Bavaria, 4m. S. ofDillingen. Aismundcrly, t. England, in Yorkshire, near Rippon. Pop. 521. Aisnc, a dep. of France, consisting of portions of the Isle de France, Champagne, and Picarcly. Pop. 432,237. Chief trade in grain. Aisne, or Aine, r. France, which after a course of 40 leagues, unites with the Oise, near Com- peigne. Aix, a small isl. France, near Rochefort, oppo- site the mouth of the Charente. Lon. 46 5' N. Aix, city of France, formerly capital of Prov- ence, now in the department of the mouths of the Rhone. It is on a plain, N. of the Arc ; 16 leagues S. E. of Avignon, 7 N. of Marseilles, and 163 S. by E. of Paris. Pop. 26,900. It is one of the oldest towns in France ; built 120 years before the Christian era, and received the name of Aqua; Sextce from its famous springs. The chapel of Notre Dame de 1'Esperance is much frequented by the pious Catholics. Aix, t. in Savoy, 12 m. N, of Chamberry, cele- brated for its warm baths. Pop. 1,600. Lon. 5 48' E. Lat. 45 40' N. Aixe,i. France, dep. of Upper Vienne. Pop. 2,160. 4 m. from Limoges. Aix-en-Othe, t. France, dep. of the Aube. Pop. 1,570. 4 leagues W. S. W. Troyes. Aix-la-Chapelle, t. in the grand dutehy of the Lower Rhine, between Juliers and Limburg. The French give it the name of Aix-la-Chapelle, from the circumstance of Charlemagne's having built here a chapel appropriated to a convent of nuns, and frequently resorted to it for his own devotions. It is divided into the inner and outer town. In 1807, it had 3,080 houses, 27,164 inhabitants. It was long the favourite residence of Charlemagne, and for some time the capital of his empire ; hence it was long customary to hold here the coronation of the emperors of Germany. Its bath?, eight in 20 A K M number, issue from five springs, and are much cel- ebrated. They arc much resorted to in time of peace. This city held the second rank among the imperial towns of Westphalia. Two celebrated treaties of peace have been here concluded; one in 1668, between France and Spain, the other in 1748, between the different powers engaged in the war of the Austrian succession. It was entered by the French troops in 1794, and remained in the hands of France till the fall of Buonaparte, a pe- riod of 20 years, during which it was the capital of the dep. of the Roer, and the head of an arron- dissement. It now belongs to Prussia. 25 m. N. E. Liege, 36 S. W. of Cologne. Lon. 5 54' E. Lat. 50 52' N. Aisenay,t. France, dep. of Vendee, 15 leagues N. W. Fontenoy. Pop. 3,500. Aizey-le-Duc, t. and barony of France, dep. of Cote d'Or, 9 leagues N. W. of Dijon. Akalsike. See Akiska. Akamapet, t. Hindostan, in the Carnatic. 25 m. S. E. Calastri. Akanimina, t. on the Ivory Coast of Guinea, near cape Apollonia, fths of a league from the shore. Akara, t. of the Arabian Irak, pachalic of Bag- dad, 10 m. S. E. Sura. Akasaka, t. of Japan, on the S. coast of the isl. of Niphon. 100 m. E. Meaco, 140 W. S. W. Jeddo. Akbar-abad. See Agra. Akbar-nagur. See RajemaL Akdasch, t. Persia, in Schirvan, on the Kur. 30 m. S. W. of Schamaghi. Akebar, t. Arabian Irak, on the Tigris, 30m. N. W. Bagdad. Aken, t. Prussian Saxony, on the Elbe. Pop. 2,877. Akermann, fort, Russia, in Bessarabia, on the Black Sea, at the mouth of the Dneister. 68 m. S. W. of Oczakow, 65 S. E. of Bender. Lon. 31 14' E. Lat. 46 8' N. Pop. 8,000. Al:hisar, t, A. Turkey, on the site of the ancient Thyatira, 40 m. S. E. of Pergamo. Lon. 27 49' E. Lat. 38 15' N. Akili, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, on the Black sea, 25 m. E. N. E. of Constantinople. Akiska, Agkahighe, or Ghalzig, province A.Tur- key, in Armenia, on the S. W. confines of Georgia. It is a fertile and populous country, and its moun- tains contain the richest minerals. The town is open, and without fortifications, but has a strong and lofty castle. Its inhabitants are of various nations, Armenians, Turks, Jews, and Christians, an.l ;arry on an active trade with Battum, a port on the Black sea, 100 miles distant. Besides mosques it contains two churches for the Chris- tians ; and the Jews have a synagogue. 90 m. N. N. W. of Erivan, 100 S. W. of Teflis. Akka, a station of Lower Suse, S. of Morocco, bordering on the desart of Sahara. It is the ren- dezvous of the caravans from all parts of Morocco, whence they proceed across the desert to Tombuc- too. Pop. 10,000, including the vicinity. Akkas, t. of Russia, in Finland. Lon. 23 39' E. Lat. 61 11' N. Akker, t. Syria, pachalic of Tripoli, on Mount Bargylus, supposed to be the Ker mentioned in scripture. 30 m. E. of Tripoli, 66 N. W. of Da- mascus. A Ida, isl. in the North Sea near the west coast of E. Greenland. Lon. 46 W. Lat. 60 38' N. Akmeischct, or Akmedsgjid, t. in the plain of the ALA Crimea, in Russian Taurida, on the gulf of Nc- gropila, with a road for vessels. dksckintk, v. Russian Tartary, in Dauria, near the Amur, on the bank of the Onon. The fortress was built in 1756, and is one of a chain of posts on this part of the Russian frontier. Lon. l.\2 ' K. Lat. 50 N. Akserai,t. A. Turkey, in Caramania, 60 m. N. E. Konieli. Akshc/ir, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, at the foot of the mountain Akshehr. 60 m. S. S. E. Kanihibsar. Lon. 31 21' E. Lat. 38 28' N. Aksheshehr, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, on the Clack sea ; 90m. E. of Constantinople. Lon. 31 10' E. Lat. 41 15' N. Aktuba, r. Asiatic Russia, issuing from the Volga, and rejoining it before falling into the Caspian sea. Akunpore, t. Hindostan, 15 m. E. S. E. Fyza- bad. Akutan, one of the Aleutian islands. Ala, t. Austria, in Tyrol, on the Adi^e. Pop. 4,000. Alabama, one of the U. S. bounded N. by Ten- nessee ; E. by Georgia, from which it is separated in part by the Chatahoochee ; S. by Florida and the gulf of Mexico ; W. by the state of Mississip- pi. The western boundary begins on Tennessee river, at the mouth of Bear creek, and proceeds by a direct line to the N. W. corner of Washington county, and thence due south, to the Gulf of Mex- ico. The southern boundary here commences, and proceeds eastward-ly, including all the islands within six leagues of the shore, to the Perdido riv- er; thence, up the same, to the parallel of 31 N. lat. and thence due east, along that parallel, to the western boundary of Georgia. The area of the state is estimated at 44,000 square miles. It is divided into 24 counties. A ridge of high- lands divides the waters which fall into the Ten- nessee on the north from those which flow into the gulf of Mexico on the south. North of this ridge is a limestone region ; south of it the whole coun- try is alluvial. The soil is generally fertile, par- ticularly on the banks of the rivers. The country bordering on Tennessee river, for the space of 100 miles east and west, and 40 from north to south, is regarded by some as the garden of North America. Th'>u-,in;.ls of emigrants from the neighbouring states have resorted hither within a few years. Madison county, which lies in this region, 7 or 8 years ago was a mere wilderness. In 1820 it con- tained more than 17,000 inhabitants, and produced 15,000 bales of cotton or 4,500,000 pounds. Cot- ton is the staple production of the state, and the great article of export. Alabama has been but recently settled, and the population has increased with astonishing rapidity. In 1810, there were less than 10,000 inhabitants ; in 1816, 29,683; in 1818, 70,594, and in 1820, 127,901, of whom 41,879 were slaves. Engaged in agriculture, 30,642, in commerce, 452, in man- ufactures 1,412. The settlements at present are principally confined to the banks of the great riv- ers. The counties on the Tennessee contain more than one third of the whole population. The In- dians formerly occupied the whole state, but their title has been almost extinguished by the govern- ment of the United States. The Cherokees, how- ever, still own a section in the N. E. part of the state ; and the Choctaws, a section in the N. W. part. ALA Alabama and Mississippi formed apart of Geor- gia till 1800, when they were separated from it, and established by act of Congress as a separate government, under the name of the Mississippi Territory. In 1817, Alabama was separated from Mississippi and became a territorial government, and on the 3d of March, 1819, was admitted into the Union as an independent state. In the act of Congress admitting Alabama into the Union, two townships of land were granted to the state, for the support of a college ; and one section, or thir- ty-sixth part of every township, was given for the support of schools. Five per cent, of the net pro- feeds arising from the sale of the public lands within the state, were also appropriated to making roads and canals for the benefit of the state. A military road was lately completed, connecting Florence on the Tennessee with the city of N. Or- leans, by which the distance to that city is lessen- ed 300 miles. Cahawba is the seat of govern- ment. In 1821, a petition was made to Congress by a convention of the state, to have annexed to Alaba- ma that part of Florida, which lies between the rivers Apalachicola and Perdido. This tract con- sists of a slip of coast 50 miles wide, extending along ids of the state of Alabama, and includes the town of Pensacola. Alabama, p-t. Monroe co. Alabama, on Alabama river, 10 m. below Fort Jackson. Alabama, r. in the state of Alabama, is formed by the union of the Coosa and Tallapoosa, and flowing S. S. W. unites with the Tombigbee to form Mobile river, 45 miles from the head of Mo- bile Bay. From its mouth to the mouth of the Cahawba, 210 miles, it has 4 or 5 feet water ; and from the mouth of the Cahawba to the forks of the Coosa and Tallapoosa, 3 feet in the shallowest places. It is navigable for sloops to Fort Clai- borne. Alabaster, or Eleuthera, one of the Bahama isl- ands, on the great Bahama bank. The climate is healthy. It produces pine-apples for exportation. There is a small fort and garrison on the island. Lon, 76 22* to 76 56' W. Lat. 24 40' to 26 30' N. Alacftua Savannah, in E. Florida, 75 m. W. St. Augustine, 50 miles in circumference, without a tree or bush, but is encircled with hill?, covered with forests and orange groves, on a very rich soil. The ancient Alachua Indian town stood on the bor- ders of this savannah ; but the Indians removed toCuscowilla, two miles distant, on account of the imhealthiness of the former site. Alacranes, a long range of hidden rocks, shoals, and banks, on the S. side ofthegulfofMexico,oppo- site the coast of Yucatan, east from Stone Bank, and west from Cape St. Antonio. N. Lat. 23, between 89 and 91 W. Long. Navigators pass round them, though there are some good channels and soundings. Adalinf. Islands, in the Bay of Bengal, near the coast of Siam, extending from 9 5' to 9 40 X N. Lat. Alafta.ro, t. Russia, in Finland, 34m. N. N. E. of Abo. Alagao, t. on the S. coast of St. Michael's, the of the Azores, 8 m. E. of Dclgada. Alajarpi,t, Russia, in Finland, circle of Wasa, fn.m which town it is distant 60 m. to the E. Lon. 2341'E. Lat. 62 39' N. A laid, a lofty peak , in the sea of Okhotsk, 20 m. N.W.of CapeLopalka. ALA 21 Aiais, Alets, or Ales, t. France, dep. of the Gard, 13^ leagues N. Montpelier ; trades in grain, olives, oil, wine, silk, and in the manufactures of its territory. Pop. 8,944. Lon. 4 E. Lat. 44 8'N. Alam, t. France, dep. of Upper Garonne ; hous- es about 100 ; 7 leagues N. E. St. Bertrand. Alamagan, or Conception Island, one of the Ladrones, 18m. in circuit. Lat. 18 10' N. Alan, Point, or Cape, W. coast of N. America, gulf of Georgi a. Lon. 237 54' E. Lat. 48 2' N. Alanche, t. of France, dep. of the Cantal. Pop. 2,500. 4 leagues W. S. W. of Mercoeur. Aland, isl. in the Baltic, near the point of meet- ing of the gulf of Bothnia and Finland, between the coasts of Finland and Upland in Sweden, is 40 m. long, 30 broad ; has 8 parishes, and 1 ] ,260 in- habitants ; and was ceded to Russia, 1809. Lon. 20 E. Lat. 60 18' N. Alanith, t A. Turkey, on the site of the ancient Coracesium, in Cilicia. 1 10 m. S. S. W. of Konieh. Lon. 21 29' E. Lat. 36 34' N. Alapaew, t. A. Russia, cap. of the gov. of Perm. Pop. 1,000. 80 m. N. N. E. Ekaterinburg. Lon. 6l14'E. Lat. 56 N. Alam, t. isl. of Majorca, 9. m. N. N. E. Palma. Pop. 2,400. Alarcan, t Spain, in Cuenca, 42 leagues S. E. Madrid. Alas, t. W. coast of Sumatra. Lon. 102 35' E. Lat. 4 15' N. Alasey Mountains, a ridge in Asiatic Russia, which divides the sources of Omecon and Kovima rivers, and terminates on the Frozen ocean. Alassac, or Alassoc, t. France, dep. of the Cor- reze, 12 m. W. Tulle. Pop. 3,160. Alassona, t. Turkey, in Rumelia, at the foot of Mount Olympus. Pop. 3,000. Alass Strait, between the islands of Lomboc and Sumbawa in the Eastern sea. Alatamaha, r. Georgia ; formed by the union of the Oconee and Oakmulgee. It runs S. E. and empties into the Atlantic by several mouths, be- tween Sapelo and St. Simond's islands, 60 miles S. W. of Savannah. It is navigable for vessels of 30 tons,as far as Milledgeville on the Oconee branch* 300 miles from the ocean. The bar at the mouth has 1 4 feet at low water. Alatri, t. Italy, in the states of the Church, 40 m. E. S. E. Rome. Lon. 13 14' E. Lat. 41 43' N. Alalyr, t. A. Russia, gov. of Sinbirsk, at the confluence of the Alatyr with the Sura ; 102 m. from Sinbirsk. Lon. 46 14' E. Lat. 54 45' N. Pop. 1,354. Alam, one of the three subdivisions of Biscay. Sq. miles 1 ,093. Pop. 57,500. Alara, the S. point of the isl. Revilla Gigedo, in the Pacific Ocean. Lon. 228 59' E. Lat. 35 6'N. Alavieska, t. Sweden, in E. Bothnia, 30 m. S. Brahestad. Lon. 24 13' E. Lat. 64 10' N. Alavo, t. Russia, in Finland, 60 m. S. E. Wasa. Lon. 23 26' E. Lat. 62 35' N. Alauch, t. France, dep. of mouths of the Rhone, 5 m. N. E. Marseilles. Alausi, t. New Grenada. It manufactures cloths, baizes, and cotton garments. Lon. 78 39' W. Lat. 2 12' N. Alausi, r. New Grenada, flows down the W. side of the Cordilleras, into the bay of Guayaquil. Alaseia, or Aliascy, r. Siberia, runs into the Frozen ocean. Lon. 142 14' E. Lat. 72 40' N. 22 ALB Alasieskoi, settlement, Siberia, on Alasey river, 90 m. W. N. W. Nischney Kovinskoi. Lon. 144 14' E. Lat. 69 40' N. Alb, province of Wirtemberg. Pop. 109,240 Chief town, Urach. Alba, t. Italy, in Piedmont, on the Tanaro. Pop. 9,650. 13m. S. E. Turin. Lon. 7 50' E. Lat. 4440'N. Alba, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, 17 m. S. A- quila. Albacefe, or Cc/irfe, t. Spain, in Murcia. Pop. 7 or 8,000. The value of the saffron yearly is be- tween 6 and 1,0001. 80 m. S. W. Valencia. Lon. 22'W. Lat.3851'N. Albacina, t. Italy, in the Marca d'Arcona, 10 m. W. N. W. Talentino. Afoan. t France, dep. of the Tarn. 16 m. E. Alby. Albanasir. See Albarrasin. Albania, a large province in Eu. Turkey, on the E. side of the Adriatic and the Ionian sea. It com- prehends ancient Illyria and Epirus. It is 135 miles long, and 70 to 90 in breadth. It yields wine, oil, and corn, and the mountains are covered with forests. Opposite the coast are the Ionian Isles. Albano, t. Italy, in Lombardy, on Seris r. 5 m. E. Bergamo. Albano, t. Naples, in Otranto, 4 m. W. N. W. Ostuni. Albano, t. Italy, Campagna di Roma, resorted to on pleasure excursions by the inhabitants of Rome in spring and harvest. Here is an aqueduct of the Romans to carry off the water of the Lake. In this neighbourhood was the combat between the Horatii and Curiatii. 14 m. S. S. E. Rome. Pop. 2,400. Albanopolis, or Albanopoli, t. of Turkey, on Dri- tio r. in Albania, 43 m. E. Alesio. Albany, p-t. Oxford co. Maine, 18 m. N. W. Pa- ris. Pop. 288. Albany, p-t. Orleans, co. Vt. 40m. N. N. E. Mont- pelier. Albany, co. N. Y. on Hudson r. Pop. 38,116; engaged in agriculture, 4,985, in commerce, 555, in manufactures, 1,820. Chief t. Alba- ny. Albany, city, Albany co. the capital of New York and the second town in population, wealth and commerce in the State, stands on the W. bank of the Hudson, 144m. N. of New York, 165 W. of Boston, 230 S. of Montreal. Lat. 42 38' N. The town is divided into 5 wards, and extends about 2 miles north and south on the river, and in the widest part, about 1 mile from east to west. It is compactly built. The streets are generally paved; the principal are Market, State and Pearl streets. A large proportion of the houses are of brick, and the style of building has much improved within a few years. Among the public buildings are a State House, substantially built of stone, at an ex- pense of $115,000, and containing chambers for the senate and house of representatives, a court- room, jury rooms, offices and lobbies ; an elegant Academy, situated on Capitol hill, and built of the Jersey freestone ; it was erected by the citizens of Albany, and the expense, when only the lower rooms were finished, was $90,000 ; a large brick building for the Lancaster school; a jail, an alms- house, theatre, arsenal and 12 houses for public worship. The city is supplied with water from a spring 3 miles distant, by an aqueduct which con- veys the water to every house. Albany is finely ALB situated for trade, at the head of sloop navigation, and connected by canals with Lake Erie and Lake Champlain. Steamboats constantly ply between this city and N. York, and perform their route usually in less than 30 hours. Pop. in 1810, 9,356; in 1820, 12,630. From the cupola of the State House there is a rich and extensive prospect. Albany, i. Berks co. Pa. E. Harrisburg. Pop. 995 . Albany, r. North America, which falls into James' bay, Ion. 8430'W. lat. 5130'N. runs N. E. through a chain of small lakes, from the S. end of Winnipeg lake. The British fort is on the river, in Ion. 87 20' W. Lat. 53 10' N. Albarada, t. Italy, in the Veronese, 15 m. S. E. Verona. Albaricoques, Point of the, on the N. coast of the isl. St. Domingo, between the Trau d'Enfers and Cape Bourbon. Albarrazin, t. Spain, in Arragon, on the Gauda- lavair. Pop. 1,800. It has some iron works; fine Arragon wool is produced in its environs. 5 leagues W. Teruel, 100 E. Madrid. Lon. 1 20' W. Lat. 40 34' N. Albarregas, r. New Grenada, descends from the mountains of Bogota, and runs into the lake Maracaibo. Albasano, Eu. Turkey, in Albania, 45 m. E. S. E. Durazzo, 150 S. W. Sophia. Lon. 20 15' E. Lat. 41 30' N. Albatross, Point, New Zealand. Lon. 184 42' W. Lat. 38 4' S. Albatross, Isl. on the N. of Van Dieman's land. Lon. 144 41 E. Lat. 40 25' S. Albay, a volcanic mountain in the isl. Lucon. Albasin, or Jacsa, fort, China, on the N. side of Amur r. now demolished. Lat. 53 N. Albe, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, 15 m. S. A- quila. Albe, r. France, runs into the Sarre at Sarrealb, dep. of the Moselle. Albeca, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 6 m. S. S. W. Lerida. Albeck, t. Wirtemberg, 5 m. N. E. Ulm. AlbeU, r. Switzerland, canton of the Grisons, joins a branch of the Rhine near Furstenau. Albemarle, co. Va. near the centre of the state. Chief t. Charlottsville. Pop. 19,750, slaves, 10,659 ; engaged in agriculture 5,997, in com- merce, 63, in manufactures 6 15. Albemarle Sound, on the coast of N. Carolina, in the N. E. part of the state, is 60 miles long from E. to W. and from 4 to 15 wide. It receives the Chowan, Roanoke, and several smaller rivers. It communicates with Pamlico Sound and the Ocean by several narrow inlets, and with Chesapeake bay by a canal cut through Dismal Swamp. Alben, r. Austria, in Illyria, which runs into the Adriatic sea. Albenga, orAlbengua, t. on the coast of Genoa, 30 m. S. W. Genoa. Pop. 4,000. Albenque, t. France, dep. of the Lot, 8 leagues N. N. E. Montauban. Pop. 1,920. Alberche, r. Spain, province of Toledo, falls in- to the Tagus a little above Talavera de la Reyne. On its banks a battle was fought by Lord Welling- ton in 1809. Alberri, inlet of N. Pacific ocean, on the S. W. coast of Quadra and Vancouver islands. Lon. 235 25' E. Lat. 49 N. Alberstqff, t. France, in Lorraine, 9 leagues E. S. E. of Metz. Albertshofen, v. Bavaria, principality of Wurtz- burg, on the Maine, 2 m. fr. Kitzingen. ALB Albertson's, p-v. Duplin co. N. C. AM, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, 6 m. W. Celano. Albi, or Aide, t. Savoy, 7 leagues N. Cham- berry. Albiana, s-p. Guinea, on the Ivory coast. Albiania Cape, on the N. W. extremity of the isl. of Cyprus. Lon. 32 18' E. Lat. 35 10' N. Albias, v. France, 2i leagues N. N. E. of Mon- tauban. Albin, or Aubin, t. France, dep. of the Aveyron. Pop. 3,150. 8 leagues N. W. Rhodez. Albino, v. Italy, in the Lombardo- Venetian king- dom, district of Bergamasco. Albion, a name given to Great Britain. Albion, p-t. and cap. of Edwards co. Illinois, 40 m. S. W. Vincennes. It stands on the dividing ridge between the Great and Little W abash rivers, 12 m. from the former and 6 from the latter, in a dry and healthy situation, while it is well suppli- ed with springs of water. It was originally set- tled by English emigrants ; and contained in 1821 a large market house, a place for public worship, a library and news-room, several mills, and pre- parations were made for building a court house of brick. Pop. 260. Albion, p-v. Edwards co. Illinois. Albirshausen, or Albershausen, v. Wirtemburg, ball wick of Goppingen. Pop. 740. Albis, t. Switzerland, 3 m. S. W. Zurich. Albisola, v. Sardinia, 5 m. N. W. of Savona. Alblasserdamm, v. S. Holland, at the entrance of Alblass r. into the sea. Pop. 2,100. Alblingen, v. Switzerland, canton of Fribourg, at the conflux of the Schwarzwassen and the Sense. Albona, or Alvona, t. Austria, in Istria, on the gulf ofCarnero, on a rising ground near the mouth of Arsa r. 16 m. E. Rovigno. Albor, t. on the coast of Portugal, in Algarve, 3 m. E. Lagos. Albor, isl. one of the Bahamas, between Neque and St. Salvador. Alboran, isl. in the Mediterranean, bet. Capo de Gata in Spain, and Capo de Tres Forcas in Af- rica. Alboran, isl. N. Africa, near Melilla, on the coast of Fez. Lon. 2 32 W. Lat. 36 N. Albourn,t. Eng. Wiltshire, on a river running into the Kennet. Pop. 1,260. 7m. fr. Marlborough, 73 fr. London. Albouzeme, s-p. Morocco, near its E. frontiers. Lon. 2 54' E. Lat. 35 10' N. Albrechtaw, t. Prussia, prov. of Oberland,20 m. E. Marienweder. Albrechts, Alberts, or Andemers, v. Prussian Sax- ony. Pop. 740. 2 m. N. Suhlara. Albreda, v. W. Africa, on the Gambia, kingdom of Barra, where the French have a factory. Pop. 7,000. Albert or Lebret, t. France, dep. of the Landes. Pop. 1,000. Albrights, p-t. Orange co. N. C. Albufeira, s-p. Portugal, prov. Algarve. Pop. 3,181 . 12 m. E. Villa-Nova de Portimao. Albufera, a salt-water lake S. of Valencia, in Spain, the overflowings of the sea. It supplies Va- lencia with fish. Albula, or Albach, r. Switzerland, canton of the Grisons, falls into the Rhine near Tussis. Albunuclas, t. Spain, in Granada, 12 m. E. Al- bania. A L C 23 Albuquerque, t. castle, and domain, in Span- ish Estremadura. Pop. 5,500. 20 m. N. Bada- joz. Albuquerque, t. Mexico, on the Rio del Norte. Pop. 6,000. Alburg, p-t. and port of entry, Grand Isle co. Vt. 40 m. N. Burlington. Pop. 1,106. Alby, or Albi, t. France, dep. of the Tarn. Pop. 9,860 '; on the left bank of Tarn r. 12 leagues S. W. Rhodez, and 15 N. E. Toulouse. On the side next Montauban is the village Chateauvieux, one of the suburbs. The promenade, La Lice y is very beautiful. The archiepiscopal palace on the banks of the Tarn, affords an extensive prospect. The organ of the cathedral is one of the finest in France. The manufactures are linen and wool- len stuffs, baize, and serge. Lon. 2 13' E. Lat. 4355'N. Alby, v. Eng. York co. the Roman Derventes : 10 m. N. E. York. Alcacar de San Juan, t. Spain, in New Castile, 43 m. S. E. Toledo. Alcacar-de-Sal, t. Portuguese Estremadura, on Caldao r. 38 m. S. E. Lisbon. Lon. 8 22' m. W. Lat. 38 22' N. Pop. 2,200. Alcacovas, (As) t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 14 m. S. W. Evora. Alcala de Gisvert, or Xibert, t. Spain, in Valen- cia, 15 leagues fr. Murviedro. Pop. 3,600. Alcala de Henarcs, t. Spain, in Toledo, 15 m. E. of Madrid. Pop. 5,000. It contains 3 parish churches, 28 cloisters for both sexes, 4 hospitals, and a university of 24 colleges, founded by cardi- nal Ximenes, in 1499. After Salamanca, it was the seminary in greatest repute in Spain. That splendid edition of the Bible, The Biblia Complu- tensia, so called from Complutum, the ancient name of this town, was put to press in 1512, and completed in 1517. Alcala la Real, t. Spain, on a high elevation in Andalusia, 9 leagues fr. Jaen. It contains a rich abbey. Pop. 8,000. Lon. 4 10/ W. Lat. 37 43' N. Alcamo, t. Sicily, in the Val di Mazzara, 1 league fr. the gulf Castele-a-Mure, 25 m. S. W. Palermo. Alcanede, t. Portuguese Estremadura, 19 m. S. W. Thomar. Pop. 2,000. Alcaniz, t. Spain, in Arragon, on the Guada- loupe, 46 m. S. E. Saragossa. Pop. 4,200. Alcantara, t. Spanish Estremadura, on the Ta- gus, which is here crossed by an old Roman stone bridge. Its walls, bastions, and other works, are kept with care, as it is a frontier town. The trade is in wool and cloth. Pop. 3,000. 130 m. W. S, \V. Madrid. Lon. 6 43' W. Lat. 39 40' N. Alcantara, or Alcantarilla, t. Spain, in Seville, near Guadalquiver r. The Roman bridge across the marshes formed by the river, is still remain- ing. 14 m. S. Seville. Alcantara, t. Brazil, in Maranham, on the bay St. Marcos, opposite the isl. Maranham. It is a thriving place, and its importance increases rap- idly, as the lands in the neighbourhood are in re- quest for cotton plantations. It has a stone quay for small craft. Alcaraz, t. Spain, in La Mancha, on the Guada- mena. Pop. 3,300. 54 m. E. Ciudad Real, 105 S. S. E. Madrid. Alcatraces, isl. Pacific ocean. Lon. 102 30' W. Lat. 16 3' N. Akatras, isl. off the W. coast of Africa, S.ofth/ Rio Grande. Lon. 14 20' W. Lat 10 5' N. 24 A L D Akaudele, t Spain, in Andalusia, 8 leagues E. S. E. of Cordova, and 9 W. Jaen. Pop. 4,000. Alcester, or Alncester, t Eng. Warwick co. at confluence of the Aln and Arrow, engaged in nee- dle making. Pop. 1,862. 8 m. N. W. Stratford on Avon, 102 N. W. London. .-I lcmar y or Alckmaar, t. Netherlands, cap. of North Holland. Pop. 10,000. They trade in corn, cheese, butter, flower-roots, and seeds. A canal leads through it to unite the Zuyderzee with the North sea, 24 m. N. N. W. Amsterdam. Alcmaer, isl. South Pacific, on the N. coast of New Guinea. Lon. 135 46' E. Lat. 3 53' S. Alcoa, r. Portuguese Estremadura, flows into the Atlantic. Alcobaca, t. Portuguese Estremadura, near the sea, 17 m. S. S. W. Leira. Pop. 1,500. Alcohete, t. with a castle, Portuguese Estrema- dura, on the Tagiis, opposite Lisbon. Akoha, t. Spain, in Andalusia, on the Guadal- quiver, 6 m. N. of Carmona ; also, a place on the Cinca, in Arragon, 15 m. S. Balbastro. Akonchel, fort of Portugal, in Estremadura, on the Alcaraque, 12 m. S. Olivenza. Alcora, t. Spain, in Valencia, near the sea and the river Mijares. Here are the best manufac- tures of earthen ware in the kingdom. Akoutini, t. and castle, of Portugal, in Algarve. Pop. 1,000. 20 m. N. N. E. Tavira. Lon. 7 24' W. Lat 37 26' N. Alcoy, t. Spain, in Valencia, with manufactures of cloth, soap, and paper. It has fruitful environs. Pop. 14,600. 20 m. N. Alicante. Alcudia, t. in the N. E. part of the isl. of Major- ca, opposite to Minorca. Pop. 1 ,000. Alcudia de Carlet, t. Spain, in Valencia. Pop. 2,000. 5 leagues S. Valencia. Aldan, r. Siberia, rises on the confines of China, and joins the Lena in Ion. 128 20' E. lat. 63 25' N. On its banks, in Yakutzk, the finest sables are obtained. Aldborough, s-p.Eng. Suffolk co. on the Aid, with a quay for fishing vessels. Pop. 1,067. 3 m. fr. Oxford, 94 fr. London. Aldborough, t. Eng. West Riding of Yorkshire, on the Ouse, the Roman Isuriitm Brigantium ; Roman antiquities are still discovered here. Pop. 464. 1 m. fr. Boroughbridge, 208 fr. London. Aldborough, t. Middlesex co. Up. Canada, on Lake Erie. Aide, or Olde, isl. on the coast of Norway. Lon. 5 10' E. Lat 61 25' N. Aldea de Araguria, t Brazil, government of Goyas, on the Toccantins. Lon. 49 46' W. Lut. 1020'S. Aldea de Carajas, t. Brazil, on the Negro, 170 m. W. Fort Rio Negro. Aldea de Curua-rasu, t. Brazil, government of Goyas. Lon. 52 51' W. Lat 12 10' S. Aldea del Muro, or Aldea del Poco,t Spain, in Old Castile, the Augustobriga of Ptolemy, 6 m. E. Soria. Aldea del Rio, v. Spain, in Cordova, 4 leagues from Anduxar. Pop. 3,000. Aldego, r. Upper Italy, runs into the Adige, be- tween Zerpano and Albaredo. Aldekerk, v. Prussian grand dutchy of the Lower Rhine. Pop. 600. It has manufactures of silk, ribbons, linens, and other stuffs. Aldenah,t. Prussian grand dutchy of the Lower Rhine, 20 m. S. Cologne, 30 N. W. Coblentz. Aldenberg, t. Prussia, grand dutchy of the Lower 12 m. N. E. Cologne. ALE Aldenburg, t. Germany, dutchy of Anhalt Bern- burg, 4 m. N. Bernburg. Aldenham, v. and parish, Eng. Hertfordshire, 1 m. E. of the Colne. Pop. 1,015. 2 m. N. E. Watford. Aldenhoven, t. Prussia, grand dutchy of the Lower Rhine. Pop. 1,050. 3 m. W. S. W. Jul- iers. Alderburgh, t Eng. Wiltshire, near the Avon and Salisbury canal." It has a manufactory of fus- tian. Pop. 448. 3 m. fr. Salisbury, 77 fr. Lon- don. Alderholm, isl. Sweden, in Norrland, formed by three branches of Gefle r. 80 in. N. Stockholm. Alderley Superior and Alderley Inferior, two townships, Eng. Cheshire. Pop. 985. 5 m. from Macclesfield, 172 fr. London. Alderney, isl. of Great Britain in the English channel, 7 m fr. Cape la Hogue in Normandy. The intermediate channel, called the Race of Al- derney, is of dangerous navigation in stormy weather. The island forms part of a chain extend- ing to the Caskets, whereon a light-house has been erected lately. Pop. 1,300. 18 m. N. E. Guern- sey. Alderney, New. See Gurry's Island. Aldeya de AtaUia, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 5 m. S. of Arronches. Aldeya Gallcga, t. Portuguese Estremadura, on the Tagus, opposite Lisbon. Pop. 1,800. Aldford, t. Eng. Cheshire. Pop. 391. 6 m. fr. Chester, 174 fr. London. Aldie, p-v. Loudon co. Va. 35 m. N. W. Wash- ington. Aldoma, r. Siberia, falls into the sea of Okhotsk, at Aldomish bay. Aldstone Moor, or Alstone Moor, t. Eng. Cum- berland co. on a hill, at the bottom of which is the river Tyne, crossed by a stone bridge. About 1,100 men are employed in its lead mines. Pop. 5,079. 11 m. fr. Hexham, 19 fr. Penrith, 302 fr. London. Alece, r. Calabria Ultra, in Naples, falls into the sea near Cape Spartivento. Alegre, t. France, dep. of the Upper Loire. Pop. 900. 18 leagues S. S. E. Clermont-Ferrand. Akgrete, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 7 miles S. E. Portalegre. Pop. 1,100. Aleksefskoi, t Asiatic Russia, 90 miles S. S. E. Sinbirsk. Lon. 50 14' E. Lat. 53 15' N. Alembaddy, or Alambaddy, t. Hind, in Coimbe- toor, 74 miles E. S. E. Seringapatam. Alemparre, or AUamparva, fort of Hind, on the sea-coast of the Carnatic, 57 m. S. W. Madras. Alen, t. Prussian grand dutchy of the Lower Rhine. Pop. 760 ; on the Weser, 13 m. S. S. E. Munster. Alen, r. Hanover, in Calenberg, falls into the Weser, near Lippoldesberg. Alenby,t. Norway, 50m. S. Drontheim. Alencon, t. France, cap. of the department of the Orne. The suburbs are St. Blaise, Casau, Mont- sor, Labarre, and Lancret Pop. 1 3,234. Its trade is in cloth, in linen, coarse and fine, but particu- larly in point-lace. It has extensive tanneries, glass-houses, and smelting houses. There are free stone quarries in the neighbourhood ; and at the village of Hertre, about a league W. of the town, is found the mineral called the Alencon diamond, which has equal lustre, though not the same hard- ness, as the true stone. 8 leagues N. Mons, 16 S S.E.Caen, 35 S.W.Paris. ALE Alentejo, or Alemteio, the largest province in Portugal, on the Atlantic. 108 m. in length and in breadth ; contains 4 cities, 105 towns, and 358 parishes. Sq.m. 10,575. Pop. 380,480. It is di- vided into the jurisdictions, Evora, Beja, Elvas, Pcrtalegre, Ourique, Villa Viciosa, Crato and Aviz. Chief t. Elvora. Aleppo, pachalic, A. Turkey, bounded N. by Adana and Merasche, E. by Orfa, S. by the desert of Arabia, Damascus, and Tripoli, and W. by the Mediterranean. Pop. 800,000. Aleppo, city of Syria, capital of the above pa- chalic. It is on 8 small hills, intersected by Ko- wick r. It is in circuit 3 miles, and including the suburbs, 7 or 8. The city is surrounded by a wall, and has 9 gates. Near the N. E. corner is a castle on a hill, encompassed by a ditch ; a bridge of 7 arches is thrown over the ditch on the S. It is a magazine for military stores. Aleppo is the 4th city of the Ottoman Empire, exceeded only by Constantinople, Cairo, and Damascus. It is well built. The streets are broader than usual in the East, are paved, and have two foot-paths raised six inches high. The houses ,are surrounded by terraces, on which the inhabitants sleep in sum- mer. The seraglio or palace of the pacha is spa- cious, with magnificent gates. A distinct quarter of the city is allotted to Jews, and another to Eu- ropeans. The mosques are built of free stone, with a dome in the middle, covered with lead. About 20 caravanseras or inns, spacious quadran- gular edifices one story high, are dispersed through the city, and coffee houses with a fountain in the middle, and a gallery for musicians. Pop. 250,000, chiefly Turks and Arabs ; among them are 30,000 Christians, and 5,000 Jews. Women are not een in the streets of Aleppo after dusk. Its man- ufactures are of silk and cotton ; its exports, cloth from Antioch, Merdin, Orfa and Antab ; osnaburghs from Aleppo and Damascus, and printed cot- tons from Diarbeker ; also galls, different drugs, copper, and a variety of other articles. The im- ports from Europe are cloths, Lyonese stuffs and bonnets after the fashion of Tunis, from France, merceries, indigo, tea, sugar, paper, soap, and a great variety of coral ornaments, 4 caravans an- nually proceed through Natolia to Constantino- ple ; others arrive from Bagdad and Bassora with coffee brought from Mocha on the Red Sea, round the Persian gulph; as also muslins and shawls from India. Aleppo is healthy ; but visited once in about 10 years by the plague. 70 m. S. E. Al- exandretta, 234 N. Damascus. Lon. 37 16' E. Lat. 3611'N. Aleppo, t. Green co. Pa. Pop. 570. Aleria, t. on the E. coast of the Isl. of Corsica. 20 m. S. E. Corte. Aleschany, market t. Eu. Turkey, in the E. of Wallachia, on Chricou r. Aleschki, or Alesski, t. and fort, Russia in E. No- gai, cap. of a circle in Taurida. Alesham, or Aylesham, t. Eng. Norfolk co. near Thyrn r. The chief manufacture is stockings. Here is a mineral spring, deemed efficacious in chronic diseases. Pop. 1,760. 12m. N. Norwich, 121 N. N. E. London. Alessandria or Alexandria, t. Sardinia, with a citadel on the E. bank of the Tanarano. It is the see of a bishop, who belongs to the archiepiscopal diocese of Turin. It contains a cathedral, 12 parish- es, 2 collegiate churches, 17 monasteries and nun- neries. Pop. 35,216. Its fairs in April and Octo- ber, are attended by merchants from Italy, France, 4 ALE 25 and Switzerland. 38 m. S. W. Milan, 44 E. Tu- rin. Akssano, t. Naples, in Terra d'Otranto, 12 m. S. S. W. Otranto, 200 E. S. E. Naples. Pop. 7,000. Akssio, t. Turkey in Albania, 12 m. N. Duraz- zo, and 96 S. E. Ragusa. Altth, t. France, on Aude r. dep. of the Aude. Pop. 1,000. Aleutan or Aleutian Islands, a chain of islands in the N. Pacific ocean, stretching from the Pe- ninsula of Kamtschatka in Asia, to Cape Alaska in North America, under the government of Irk- urtzk, in Russia ; about 40 in number. Several vol- canoes exist among these Islands and earthquakes are common. Behring's Island, Attoo, and Oona- lashka, are the largest. Lat. 55 N. Lon. 165 to 1 95 E. Only a few are inhabited. Alexain, \. France, dep. of the Mayenne, 4 leagues N. Laval. Alexander, bay, on the E. coast of the Caspian sea. Lon. 71 25' E. Lat. 43 37, N. Alexander, cape on the W. coast of New Geor- gia, one of the Solomon's islands. Lon. 156 6 7 E. Lat. 6 45' S. Alexander, cape on the S. coast of an isl. at the entrance of Duncan's canal, in the N. Pacific ocean. Lon. 227 1 8' E. Lat. 56 36' N. Alexander, p-t Genesee co. N. Y. 6 m. S. Bata- via. Pop. 1,496. Alexander, t. Athens co. Ohio. Pop. 837. Alexander, co. Illinois, at the angle between Ohio and Mississippi rivers. Pop. in 1820, 626. Engaged in agriculture, 116. Alexanders Peak, group among the Aladin isl. in the S. part of the Mergui archipelago. Lat. 9 8' N. Alexandermlle, v. Montgomery co. Ohio, on Miami r. 7 m. below Dayton. Alexandretta, or Scanderoon, s-p. Syria, at the S. E. part of a bay in the Mediterranean. Its road is the only one in Syria affording good anchorage. It is unhealthy owing to the miasmata from the marshes, and proves fatal to the crews of vessels. Europeans seek refuge in summer in the neigh- bouring village of Beilan. About half a mile S. is an octagonal castle, built of hewn stone. The walls are low, but each side is defended by a tow- er. To the N. is an old square tower, inaccessible on account of the morass. 30 m. N. Antioch, 70 N. W. Aleppo. Alexandria, t. Russia, in Cherson, 70 m. W. Eka- terinoslav, 150 S. W. Kiev. Lon. 32 52' E. Lat. 48 25' N. Alexandria, t. Russia, in Volhynia, on the Ho- vyn, 50 m. E. S. E. Lucko. Lon. 26 20' E. Lat. 50 45' N. Alexandria is also the name of a num- ber of small places throughout Russia, particular- ly in Pultowa, and Ekatcrinoslav. Alexandria, city, ancient capital of Egypt, found- ed 331 A. C. by Alexander the Great. On an isl- and opposite to the mouth of the harbour, is the pharos, or light house, one of the wonders of the ancient world. Alexandria formerly engrossed the commerce of India ; goods being brought up the Red sea, landed at Bernice, carried across to the Nile, there embarked and conveyed down the river, and through a canal from its main bank, to the city. Itwas the centre of all sciences connected with mathematics, astronomy, and geography; those learned men only were valued who Imd been bred in its school. The library surpassed all others which antiquity could boast. The discovery of the Cape of Good Hope transferred the India ALE A L F trade to a different channel. Alexandria is situa- ted at the W. extremity of the Egyptian coast, on the borders of the Lybian desert, upon a neck of land, between the sea and lake Mareotis. It communicates with the Nile by a canal, which al- so supplies the city with water. The old town is partly inclosed with walls nearly six miles in cir- cumference ; but the ruins of the ancient city can be traced over three times that circuit Pompey's pillar is 94 or 95 feet high, composed of 3 pieces of the finest granite, one for the pedestal, another for the shaft, and the third for the capital. The mean diameter is 7 feet 9 inches. The two obe- lisks, one thrown down and the other standing, vulgularly called Cleopatra's Needles, are each 58 feet 6 inches hi^h, and the breadth of the base is 7 feet. They are composed each of a single block of granite, and entirely covered with hieroglyph- ics ." The reservoirs with which ancient Alexan- dria was supplied with water, excavated the whole ground upon which that city stood. A conduit, from the canal of Cleopatra, extended the whole length of the city, conducting the water into the cisterns. The catacombs begin at the extremity of the old city, and extend along the coast ; they consist of small sepulchral grottos cut in the rock, which is a soft calcareous substance ; the interior of the galleries is plastered with mortar, difficult to break ; each cavity contained three coffins piled over each other. New Alexandria is built chiefly along the coast. The population has been estima- te J as high as 20,000, though the settled residents may not exceed 5,000. Turks compose the offi- cers of government and the garrison; the Copts are numerous, but held in contempt. The mer- cantile transactions are in the hands of the Jews. The approach from the W. is difficult, the Lybian shore being a dead flat, presenting no object per- ceptible at a distance. The first land-mark is two eminences, with a tower on each, called Aboukir. There are two harbors, the old and the new : the old harbor is safe, and affords a sufficient depth of water ; the new is shallow, has a rocky bottom, .and is exposed to the N. winds, which blow with great violence. Lon. 30 5' E. Lat. 31 16' N. Alexandria, t. Washington co. Maine, 30 m. N. of Machias. Alexandria, t Grafton co. N. H. 27 m. N. of Concord. Pop. 707. Alexandria, p-t. Hunterdon, N. J. Pop. 2,271. Alexandria, p-t. Huntington co. Pa. 89 m. W. Harrisburg, 10 N. W. Huntington. Pop. 280. Alexandria, co. District of Columbia. Pop. (except the city) 1,485; slaves 422; engaged in agriculture, 306; in commerce 32; in manufac- tures, 50. Alexandria, city, and port of entry, in the Dis- trict of Columbia, on the W. bank of the Poto- mac, 7 m. S. of Washington. The public build- ings are a court house, and 6 churches, viz : 2 for presbyterians, 2 for episcopalians, 1 for quakers, and 1 for Roman Catholics. Pop. 8,218; slaves, 1,335. It has a commodious harbor, sufficiently deep for the largest ships, and is a place of exten- sive trade, especially in the article of flour. Ex- ports in 1810, -i930,634. Shipping in 1816, 11,811 tons. Alexandria, p-t. in the parish of Rapide, Loui- siana, on Red river, 120 m. fr<*n its mouth, 80 below Nackitosh, and 350 by water from New-Or- leans. It is laid out regularly in squares. On the public square stands an elegant court house of brick, now erecting. The College of Rapide is a large handsome brick building. There is a steam saw and grist mill, half a mile below the town. Alexandria is a flourishing place, and is settled almost wholly by Americans. Alexandria, p-t. Campbell county, Ky. Alexandria, t. Sciotoco. Ohio, on the Ohio river at the mouth of the Scioto, which separates it from Portsmouth, 45 m. S. Chillicothe. Alexandriana, p-t. Mecklenburg co. N. C. 157 m. S. W. Raleigh. Alexandrorka, settlement, Asiatic Russia, in Caucasus, on Kuma r. Pop. 448. Alexandrorskaia, fort, Russia, in Ekaterinoslav, on the Dnieper, 40 m. below Ekaterinoslav, 1 14 N. E. Cherson. Alexandrow, chief t. of a circle, in Vladimir, Russia. Here was erected the first printing press in Russia. 48 m. E. Moscow. Alexandrow, or Alexandrouka, t. Russia in Po- dolia. Alexiewka, t. Russia, in Saratov, on the ex- treme limit of Europe. Alexin, t. Russia, in Thoula, on the Oka. Alexin, t. Wallachia, 48 m. N. E. Bucharest. Alexis, p-t. Nackitosh co. Louisiana. Alexo, isl. of the Atlantic, on the coast of Per- nambuco, Brazil. Alexopol, cap. of a circle, in Pultawa, Russia. 30 m. S. Pultawa. Alfacar, t. Spain, 5 m. N. E. Granada. Alfaha. See Halfaia. Alfondega da Fe, t. Portugal, in Tras los Montes, 12 m. N. Torre de Moncorvo. Alfaques, harbor, Spain, in the mouth of the Ebro, 9 m. S. Tortosa. Alfaro, t. Spain, at the conflux of the Alama and Ebro. Pop. 4,700. 9 m. S. W. Tudela, Alfaya, t. W. Africa, on the Kalinkie r. which falls into the Rio Grande, 50 m. from the sea, and 80 S. W. Teemboo. Alfeld, t. Hanover, on Leiue r. Pop. 2,076. 1 5 m. S. Hildesheim, and 30 S. Hanover. Alfeld, v. grand duchy of Baden, 4 m. N. Nei- denaa. Alfeo, or Carbon, r. the largest in the Morea, falls into the Ionian sea, on the W. coast, 6 m. from Olympia. On its banks were held the Olympic games. Alfeo, r. isl. of Sicily, empties into the Mediter- ranean at Syracuse. Alford, t. England, Lincolnshire. Pop. 1,169. 30 m. E. Lincoln, 140 N. London. Alford, v. Scotland, Aberdeen co. near which a battle was fought in July 1645, between the Roy- alists under Montrose, and the covenanters com- manded by Baillie, who was defeated. 15 m. S.W. Inverury, 28 N. W. Aberdeen. Alford, t. Berkshire co. Mass. Pop. 570. Alford'' s store, p-v. Hancock co. Georgia, 42 m. N. Milledgeville. Alfordstille, p-v. Robeson co. N. C. Alfordslown, t. and cap. Moore co. N. C. 30 m W. N. W. Fayetteville. Alfred, t. Prescott co. U. Canada, on Ottawa r. Alfred, p-t. and half shire, York co. Maine, 24 m. N. of York. Pop. 1,271. Alfred, p-t. Alleghany co. N. Y. 10 m. S. E. An- gelica. Pop. 1,701. Alfreton, market t. England, Derby co. in which stockings and earthen ware are manufactured. Pop. 3,396. 14 m. W. Derby, 141 N. London. A L G Algaiola, s-p. W. coast of the isl. of Corsica, at the embouchure of the Aregno into the Mediterra- nean, 6 m. N. N. E. Calvi, 38 S. W. Bastia. Algaira, or Aliara, r. Spain, in Cuenca, which falls into the Cabriel. Algar, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 8 leagues from Xerez de la Frontera. Algar, Cape, on the N. W. coast of the isl. of Majorca. Algarva, or Algarbia, the S. province of Portu- gal, bounded on the W. and S. by the Atlantic. Sq. miles, 2,780. Pop. 127,6 15. Algas, r. Spain, in Arragon, which falls into the Materana near Nonaspe. Algau, formerly a district of Suabia, now divi- ded between Bavaria, Wirtemberg and Baden. It lies between the lake of Constance, the Lech, the Danube and the Tyrolese Alps. Algemesi, or Algemesia, t. Spain, in Valencia ; near which grow great quantities of Pita, of which they make cordage, and spin a thread fine enough for lace. 18 m. S. Valencia. Pop. 4,500. Algeri, or Aiglieri, t. on the W. coast of Sardin- ia, 79m. N. W. Cagliari. Algeshdm, a walled t. grand dutchy of Hesse Darmstadt. Pop. 1,430. Algeziras, a maratime t. Spain, in Andalusia, on the gulf of Gibraltar, between Cape Algeziras and the rock of Gibraltar ; hence it is often called Old Gibraltar. Pop. about 4,500; 7 m. W. Gib- raltar. Alghise, t. Austrian Italy, in Bresciano, on Sav- arona r. Pop. 3,000. Algiers, N. Africa, one of the Barbary states, on the Mediterranean, between Morocco and Tunis, extending S. to the Atlas mountains. It is the ancient Numidia and Mauritania Tingitania. The moun- tains are covered with vineyards and forests, ex- cept Jurjura, 60 miles S. E. Algiers, whose top is covered with snow during great part of the year. The largest river is Shelliff, which has a course of 300 miles ; the Adjidi rolls S. into the desert, and is lost in a lake on its borders. The soil produces wheat and barley, and all the fruits and vegeta- bles of Europe. It contains mines of lead and iron. N T ear the lake of Marks is a solid mountain of salt, and the lake when it dries up in summer, leaves its bed deeply incrusted with it. The salt pits near Arzew are about 6 miles in compass. The manufactures consist in silk, particularly sashes and handkerchiefs, and in carpets, and a coarse kind of linen. The exports are coral, wool, bees wax, ship timber, ostrich feathers, grain, pulse, hides, goat and sheep skins, camel's hair, cattle, sheep, of the annual value of 42,l75/. The im- ports consist of European manufactures and colo- nial produce. Linens, muslins, and hardware are prominent articles. The towns are inhabited by Moors, Jews, and Turks, with a few Europeans ; the plain country by the Arabs ; and the moun- tains by Brebers, or Berebbers. See Barbary. Algiers is divided into 3 provinces : the W. or Tlemsam or Tremecen borders on Morocco ; chief towns, Tlemsan and Oran : the central or Algiers proper ; and the E. or Constantina ; chief towns, Constantina and Bona. Algiers, city, capital of the above country, on the Mediterranean, and on the declivity of a hill, on which the houses rise gradually in the form of an amphitheatre, and terminate nearly in a point at the summit It is l miles in circuit. The largest street is not above 12 feet wide, in which JLTC the mansions of the opulent, the warehouses of A L 1 27 the principal merchants, and the markets for corn, bread, meat, fish, &c. Pop. estimated from 180,000 to 200,000. The largest buildings are the dey's palace and the seraglio, both of great magnitude with marble pillars of curious workmanship. It has 60 mosques ; the finest is 60 feet by 40, three stories high, and supported by pillars of white marble, imported from Genoa ; the walls are of white stone, brought from the ruins of Oran Aqueducts convey water from the country to 150 fountains, dispersed through the city. Round the city is a wall about a league in circumference ; 12 feet thick, thirty feet high towards the land side, and 40 feet towards the sea. It is strengthened by fortifications at its 5 gates. The harbor is formed by two moles, one running N. and the other N..E. and meeting at an island called the Lantern. It is 130 fathoms long, 80 broad, and 15 feet deep. The entrance is defended by a round castle and batteries of brass guns. Lon. 3 30' E. Lat. 36 42' N. Algon, isl. Sweden, on the W. side of the gulf of Bothnia. Lon. 18 26' E. Lat. 63 9' N. Algonquins, Indians, a large tribe in the neigh- borhood of the Assiniboins, on both sides of the line which divides the U. S. from U. Canada, W, of the Mississippi. Algoso, t. Portugal, in Tras los Montes, 20 m. W. S. W. Miranda deDuero. Algrislan-ffead, promontory on the N. W. coast of Scotland, Ross co. Lon. 5 44' W. Lat. 57 46' N. Alhama, t. Spain, in Murcia, Pop. 3,500. Alhama, t. Spain, in Granada, at the foot of a hill, on Montril r. 25 m. S. W. Granada. Alhama le Seca, t. Spain, in Granada, 10 m. N. N. W. of Almeria. Alhambra, t. Spain, in Arragon, 7 m. S. Teruel. Alhambra. See Granada, Town of. Alhamrud, t. Persia, in Mazanderan, on the S. coast of the Caspian sea, 30 m. W. Fehrabad. Lon. 5230'E. Lat. 35 48' N. Alhandra, t. in Portuguese Estremadura, on the Tagus, 15 m. N. E. Lisbon. Pop. 1,350. Alhaur, r. Natolia, which runs into the Sakaria, 8 m. S. Almeria. Alhaurin, v. Spain, in Granada, 3 leagues S.W. Malaga. Alhol J^edros, t. Portugal, in Estremadura, 6 m. S. E. Lisbon. Aliabad, v. Persia, in Mazanderan, 30 m. S. E. of Fehrabad, and 39 N. E. of Teheran. Aliabali, isl. in the Caspian see, near the W. coast. Lon. 68 6' E. Lat. 39 5' N. Alianskoi, fort, Russia, 120 m. S.W. Kolhyvane. Lon. 79 34' E. Lat. 52 50' N. Alibeg-keri, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria, 24 m. E. Salistria. Alica, t. Italy, in Tuscany, 29 m. W. S.W. Flor- ence. Alicant, t. Ceylon, 10 m. S. Calitoor. Alicante, t. Spain, in Valencia, on a peninsula in a bay of the Mediterranean. The harbor is one of the best in Valencia. 37 m. N. E. Murcia, 75 S. Valencia. Pop. 16,950. Lon. 9 24' W. Lat. 38 35' N. Alicata, fortified t. on the S. coast of the Val di Mazzara, Sicily, 18 m. E. S. E. Girgenti. Alic.udi,orAlicuri,oneof the Lipari islands in the Mediterranean, 15m. W. Lipari. Alicun, t. Spain, 12 m. from Granada. Alignay, one of the Philippine islands. Lat. 9 51' N. AUgne. See Marcans. 23 ALL Alihamman, t. Asiatic Turkey, on the Tigris, 20 m. from Mosul. Aluna, r. Mexico, which runs into the Pacific ocoau. Lat 19 2(T N. ^ t^ore, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 10 m. W. Trieolore. Alingas, t. Sweden, 5 m. S. of Bohus. Lon. 12 19' E. Lat. 57 58' N. Alipee, t. Cochin, populous ; the residence of many of the merchants who are agents for houses at Bombay. Exports : pepper, grain, and timber. Lat. 9 43! N. Alishung, dist. of Afghanistan, India, between 3;>and36' N. lat. and 68" and 69 E. Ion. sur- rounded by lofty mountains, covered with snow. Chief t. Penjshehr. Aljubarrota, market t. Portuguese Estremadura, 10 m. S. of Leiria. Pop. 1 ,000. Aljucen, t. Spain, Estremadura, 7 m. N. Merida. Aljuslrd, t Portugal, in Alentejo, 16 m. W. S. W.Beja. Pop, 1,500. Alixen, t. France, dep. of the Ardeche, 6 m. E. N. E. of Valence. Alkaisan, fort, in Asiatic Turkey, 106 in. W. Bagdad. Alkmacr See Akkmatr. Allahabad, province of Hindostan, between 22 and 26 N. lat. and 79" and 83 E. Ion. bounded N. by the provinces of Oude and Agra, S. by Gund- wana, E. by Bahar, and W. by Malway and Agra. Seven-eighths of the inhabitants are supposed to be Hindoos, the remainder Mahometans. Allahabad, city, cap. of the above province, at the junction of the Ganges and the Jumna, 820 m. from the sea by the course of the river. Every summer multitudes of pilgrims resort hither from all parts of India. The fort stands in lat. 25 27' N. and Ion. 81 50' E. 490 m. W. N. W. Calcutta. It is a station of the Baptist Missionary Society, made in 1814. AliaJi-sher, or City of God, t. Asiatic Turkey, in Natolia. It is spread upon the declivities of 3 or 4 hills, and exhibits remains of a wall which once encompassed it. Here there is a cathedral, large and ornamented with carving, gilding, and por- traits ; but of 24 churches of that communion, on- ly 6 are in repair and served by priests. The Greeks have a bishop and chief priest. The town is situated on one of the principal roads to Smyr- na, whither a caravan goes and returns regularly. It is greatly frequented, especially by Armenian merchants. " The coffee-houses and baths are much resorted to. There are about 300 Greek families. This city is the ancient Philadelphia, so liable to earthquakes. 30 m. S. E. Sart or Sardis, and 5 days' journey from Smyrna. Allaiuf, t. France, in Brittany, 10 leagues E. Vannes. Pop. 4,360. Allan, or El A ice, t. Sennaar, cap. of one of the three governments into which that country is di- vided. AllanJe, t. Spain, Asturia,28 m. W. of Ovindo. Alia Torre, district of Austrian Italy, middle di- vision of the Valteline, valley of Malenker. Alkguh, t. in the E. province of Algiers, on a small river. Its vicinity is covered with large heaps of ruins, 20 m. E. Coustantina. Allegheny, co. N. Y. on Genesee river, bordering on Pennsylvania. Pop. 9,330 ; engaged in agri- culture 2,167 ; in commerce 9; in manufactures, 193. Chief t. Angelica. , co. Pa. at the junction of Alleghany ALL and Monongahela rivers. Chief t. Pittsbtirg, Pop. 34,921 ; engaged in agriculture 4,303 ; in commerce, 145 ; in manufactures, 1,902. Alk 6 hany, t Cambria co. Pa. W. Harrisburg. Pop. 947. Alicghany,t. Huntingtonco. Pa. W. Harrisburg. Pop. 773. AUeghany.t. Venango co. Pa. N. W. Harrisburg. Pop. 67 1. Alkghany, t. Armstrong co. Pa. W. Harrisburg. Pop. 1,413. Alkghany, t Westmoreland co. Pa. Pop. 1,388. Alleshany, t Somerset co. Pa. Pop. 372. Alleghany, co. Md. the N. W. end of the Stale, on Potomac river. Chieftown, Cumberland. Pop. 8,654 ; Slaves 795 ; engaged in agriculture 1,675 ; in commerce 35 ; in manufactures 391. Alleghany, mountains. U. S. commence in the N. part of Georgia, and running N. E. nearly par- allel with the coast of the Atlantic ocean, at the distance of 250 miles, pass through N. Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania to New-York. They divide the waters which flow into the At- lantic from those which flow into the Missis- sippi. Alleghany, r. rises in Pennsylvania, and runs first N. W. into New-York, and then by a bend to the S. W. again enters Pennsylvania, and at Pitts- burg unites with the Monongahela to form the Ohio. It is a steady stream, and navigable for keel boats of 10 tons to Hamilton, 260 m. above Pittsburg. Allegransa, isl. or rock, the most N. of the Ca- naries ; barren and uninhabited, resorted to, to gather orchilla. Allemance, p-v. Guilford co. N. C. 77 m. W. Ra- leigh. Alkmand, r. falls into the Mississippi from the S. E. 43 m. S. Natches. Allemans, t. France, dep. of the Lot and Ga- ronne, on the Drot, 28 m. N. N. W. Agen. AUemond, v. France, dep. of the Isere, 6 leagues E. Grenoble. Pop. 1,000. Allen, r. England, runs into the Stour, near B landlord. Allen, Isle of, Ireland, Kildare co. 5 m. N. E. Kildare. Aliens, t. Cumberland co. Pa. near Harrisburg. Pop. 2,995. ^//ew,t.Northampton co. Pa. Pop. 1,847. Allen, co. Kentucky. Chief t Scottsville. Pop. 5,327 ; slaves, 723 ; engaged in agriculture 1,599. The post-office is 160 miles from Frankfort. Allen, co. Ohio, formed 1820, in a part of the Indian reservation. Allenburg, t. East Prussia, in Tapiau, on the Alle, 30 m. S. E. Konigsberg. Pop. 1,350. Alkndale, t. England, Northumberland co. divi- ded into East and West, 9 m. from Hexham, 291 from London. Pop. 2,006. Alkndorf, t. Germany, in Hesse-Cassel, on the Werra, 24 m. W. Muhlhausen. Pop. 3,433. Alkndorf, t. Hesse Darmstadt, between Mar- burg and Giessen, 6 m. N. E. Giessen. Pop. 1,030. Allan's Creek, r. N. Y. rises in the S. part of Genesee co. and running N. E. empties into Gene- see river, in Caledonia. Many mills are erected on it. Alkn's ferry, p-v. Harrison co. Indiana. Allen's frtsh, p-v. Charles co. Md. 43 m. P. Washington, on Wicomico river. ALL ,-ilkns Island, in the gulf of Carpentaria, New Holland. Lon. 139 26' E. Lat. 17 5' S. Alknstein, in Polish Oisztan, t. East-Prussia, 60 m. S. Konigsberg. Lon. 20 23' E. Lat. 53 40' N. Pop. 2,000. Alknstown, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 10 m. S. E. Concord. Pop. 433. Alknstown, p-t. Monmouth co. N. J. 11 m. E. Trenton. Allenstown, p-t and cap. Lehigh co. Pa. on Le- high river, 52 m. N. N. W. Philadelphia. Pop. 1,291. Alknsrilk, p-v. Mifflin co. Pa. Allensrille, p-v. Warren co. Ten. Allentown, p-v. Montgomery co. (N. C.) S. W. Raleigh. Alkntrop, t. on the Soubeck, in Prussian West- phalia, 9 m. S. Arensberg. Allepie, t. Hind, on the Malabar coast, 40 m. N. Cochin, 60 N. Quilon, 120 N. Cape Comorin. Pop. 13,000. Pepper and other spices are procur- ed here for the E. India ships. It is a missionary station, containing a church, house and garden, and a school-house. The number of scholars amounts to 70, including 26 orphans. The con- gregation, consisting of school-children, Syrians, Roman Catholics, and heathen, has increased to 200. Aller, r. Hanover, in Luneburg, falls into the Weser below Verden. Atter, v. England, Somerset co. 6 m. S. Bridge- water. Alkrberg, t. Bavaria, 16 m. S. Nuremberg. Pop. 1,570. Alltrlon, t. Eng. West Riding of Yorkshire. Pop. 1,093. 33 m. from Bradford, 199 from Lon- don. Alkrton (Chapel,} t. England, West Riding of Yorkshire, 2 m. from Leeds. Pop. 1,362. Alkrton Bywater, t. England, W. Riding of Yorkshire, 5 m. from Pontefract. Pop. 292. Alkvard, t. France, dep. of Isere, 7i leagues N. E. Grenoble. Pop. 2,060. Alky, p-t. Queens co. N. Y. Allier, r. France, after a course of 72 leagues falls into the Loire, 3 rn. below Nevers. Allier, dep. of France, 59 miles long. Pop. 154,558. Divided into four arrondissements. Alligator, r. N. C. runs through Alligator Swamp into Albemarle sound. Alligator, bay, on the S. coast of Jamaica. Allighur, English fort, Hind, situated between the Ganges and the Jumna. Lon. 78 24' E. Lat. 27 55' N. Allinaghur, t. Hindostan, 20 m. N, Chazypore. Allinghery, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 38 m. S. W. Arcot. AUinghy, t Hind. 30 m. S. W. Dindigul. Alliport, t. Hind. 30 m. from Gwalior. AUistar, or Alkstar, t. peninsula of Malacca, 2 or 3 leagues from the mouth of a river. AUitory, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 5 m. S. W. Trichinopoly. Alloa, s-p. Scotland, Clackmannan co. on the N. bank of the Forth. The harbor is safe and com- modious, having 16 feet of water in neap, and 22 in spring tides. It has a dry dock for receiving large vessels. The collieries employ a great num- ber of people, and produce about 35,000 tons year- ly for export. From the distilleries above m a year. Here is a glass-house, wherein ordina- A L M 29 ry green glass bottles are made. The imports are grain, limestone, ironstone, and goods from the Baltic. Pop. 3,000. 27 m. from Edinburgh, 5 from Stirling. Allonby, t. England, Cumberland co. Pop. 655. 309 m. from London. Alloor, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 16 m. N. Nel- lore, 114N. Madras. Alias, t. France, near a lake, 7 leagues N. E. Digne. Pop. 1,400. Alouettes, point, in the St. Lawrence, at the mouth of Saguenay river. Allow, two rivers, Eng. falling into the Tyne. Alloway Creek, t. Salem co. N. J. Alloway, r. Salem co. N. J. runs into the Dela- ware. All-Saints, islands near Guadaloupe, in the W. Indies. Allsaints, parish, Georgetown district, S. C. All-Saints, bay of the Pacific, on the coast of New- Albion. Lon. 243 38' E. Lat. 31 44' N. Allum, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 11 m. N. W. Palamcotta AIM, t. Ceylon, 15 m. N. E- Candy. Lon. 81 2' E. Lat. 7 56' N. Alluye, or Halluye, t. with a castle, France, dep. of the Eure and Loire, 150 houses,, 13 m. S. S. W. Chartres. Allynagrum, t. Hind, in Dindigul, 15 m. W. Ootampaleam. Almada, t. Portugal, in Estremadura, on the Tagus. Pop. 3,000. Lon. 9 9' W. Lat. 38 37' N. Almaden, t. Spain, in La Mancha, 39 m. S. W, Ciudad Real. Pop. 1,600. Almaden de la Plata, t. Spain, on the Celar, 32 m. N. Seville. Almagre, t. Spain, in La Mancha. Pop. 3,000. Almaguer, city, New-Granada, 21 m. S. Popa- yan. Lon. 76 54' W. Lat. 1 56' N. Almajora, t. Spain, in Valencia. Pop. 4,000. Lon. 049' W. Lat. 39 53' N. Almali, t. Asiatic Turkey, in Natolia, 42 m. S. W. Satalia. Lon. 29 42' E. Lat. 36 38' N. Almanchery, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 11 m. N. Bomranzepollam. Almanza, or Abnanca, t. Spain, in Murcia, 54 m. S. W. Valencia. Pop. 6,000. Almanzor, r. Spain, runs into the Mediterra- nean at Castello de Monterey on the coast of Granada. Almaras, t. Spanish Estremadura, 36 miles from Talavera de la Reyna. Pop. 1,000. Almarhha, s-p. Arabia, 2 m. E. Cape Almarhha, on the W. coast of the Red sea. Lon. 33 3' 40" E. Lat. 29 1' 41" N. Almas, t. Hungary, at the influx of the Drave into the Danube. Almazan, t. Spain, in Soria, 16 m. S. Soria. Pap. 2,000. Almasarron, t. Spain, on the coast of Murcia. Alme, r. Prussian Westphalia, which runs into the Lippe. Almeida, a strong fort in Portugal, prov. of Bei- ra. It has a regular citadel. Pop. 2,500. 113 in. N. E. Lisbon. Almeloo, t. Netherlands, in Overyssel, 20 m. E. N. E. Deventer. Pop. 4,000. Almenara, t. Spain, in Catalonia, where in 1710 the Spaniards were defeated by Charles III. Almendra, t. Portugal, in Beira, 6 m. N. W. Castel Rodrigo. 30 A L O Ahnendral, t. Chili, 3 miles from Valparaiso. Almmdralejo, t. in Spanish Estremadura, 12 m. S. Merida. Almendro, t Spain, in Seville, 18 m. N. N.E. Ayamonte. Almemchcs, t France, dep. of the Orne, 18 m. N. Alencon. Almeria, a maritime town, Spain, 54 m. S. E. Granada, on a gulf of the same name. Pop. 7,200. Almeria, t. Mexico, on the coast, 50 m. N. Vera Cruz, 150 m. E. Mexico. Almirante, r. Florida, runs S. E. into Pensacola bay. Almirante, Bay, coast of Veragua, on the N. coast of the Isthmus of Darien. At its entrance are many small islands and hidden rocks. Lat. 9 5' N. Lon. 82 30' W. Almissa, s-p. Dalmatia, 16 m. from Spalatro. Pop. 1,600. Ahnodorar, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 9 m. S. Ou- rique. Almodovar, del Campo, t. Spain, in La Mancha, 18 m. S. Ciudad Real. Pop. 3,000. Almudoi-ar dtl Pinar, t. Spain, 25 m. E. S. E. Cuenca. Almonascid, t. Spain, New Castile, 9 m. S. E. Toledo. Another, 15m. S.Leon. Almonbury, t. England, in Yorkshire, 1 m. from Huddersfield. Pop. 4,613. Almond,*. Scotland, flows into the frith of Forth, 5 m. N. W. Edinburgh. Almond, r. Scotland, runs into the frith of Tay. Almont, t. Persia, in Mazanderan, 90 m. S. W. Fehrabad. Almonte, t. Spain, in Seville, 15 m. S. E. Mo- guer. Almora, a subdivision of Kemaon, N. E. part of Hind, separated from the British territory by a lofty range of mountains, and subject to the rajah of Napal. Its capital, Almora, is in Ion. 79 40' E. Lat. 29 35' N. Almstadt, t. Sweden, 4 m. E. Christianstadt. Almunda, t. Hind. 14 m. S. W. Vizianagram. Almu/iecar, t. Spain, has a good harbour, and a castle, 36 m. S. S. VV. Granada. Pop, 2,000. Almunia, t. Spain, in Arragon, 22 m. from Sar- agossa. Pop. 3,000, Almurraditl, t. Spain, in La Mancha, 24m. from Manzanarez. Alna, formerly New Milford, p-t. Lincoln co. Maine, 10 m. N. Wiscasset. It is a flouring farm- ing town. Pop. 978. Alnemouth, Ailmouth, or Alemouth, s-p. Eng. in Northumberlandshire, at the mouth of the Alne. 5 m. from Alnwick. Pop. 353. Alnwick, or Alnewick, t. Eng. Northumberland- shire, near the river Aine, once fortified, 34 m. N. N. W. Newcastle. Pop. 5,426. Alnwick, t. Northumberland co. Up. Canada, on Rice Lake, W. Kingston. Alnwick, t. Northumberland co. New Bruns- wick, on the sea coast. Alney, isl. Eng. in the Severn, near the city of Gloucester. The single combat between Ed- mund Ironside and Canute the Dane, took place here. Along, r. Asia, which runs into the gulf of Si- am. Lon. 100 21' E. Lat. 8 40' N. Also a town, on this river, 30 m. N. N. W. of Ligor. Aloo, Straits, in the Eastern seas, between Lo- mablem and Pantar isles. A L R Alopha, r. Syria, flows into the Mediterranean. 2 m. S. Bairout. Alora, t. Spain, in Granada, 18 m. N. W. Mal- aga. Alore, t Hind, in Dowlatabad, on the Godavery, 30 m. E. Nander. Aloren, isl. on the E. side of the gulf of Bothnia. Lon. 22 18' E. Lat. 63 35' N. Alorno, t. Hind. 8 m. N. Goa. Alosen, Cape, of the island of Elba. A lost, or Aalst, t. Netherlands, in Flanders, on the Dender, which is navigable to the town. 13 m. S. E. Ghent, 15 N. W. Brussels. Pop. 11,000. Alota, t. on the coast of Corsica, near the gulf of Ajaccio. Alpalkao, v. Portugal, in Alentejo, 14 m. N. N. W. Portalegre. Pop. 1,200. Alpedrinna, t. Portugal, in Beira, 13 m. N. N. E. Castello-Branco. Alpedris, market t. in Portuguese Estremadura, 8 m. S. W. Leiria. Alperspach, t. in the Black Forest, near Horn- berg. Pop. 1,300. Alphen, t. Holland, on the Rhine, between Ley- den and Woerden. Pop. 2,000. Alphen, t. Netherlands, in Dutch Brabant. Pop. 1,000. Alphington, v. Eng. in Devonshire, 2 m. from Exeter. Pop. 911. Alphonso, isl. in the Indian sea. Lon. 54 50' E. Lat. 7 4' S. Alpnach, or Altnacht, t. Switzerland, in Under- walden, 6 m. S. Lucerne. Alpon, Pecchio, r. Italy, in the Veronese, falls into the Adige. Alpour, t. Hind. 100 m. W. S. W. Hydrabad. Lat. 16 40' N. Alps, mountains, Europe, divide Italy from France, Switzerland, and Germany ; they are in the form of a crescent, and are divided into the Maritime; the Cottian, the Grecian, the Pennine, the Rhoetian, the Tyrolese, and Tridentine inclu- ding those of Suabia, the Noric, the Carnic, and the Julian. The maritime Alps are so called from their proximity to the Mediterranean. Over the Pennine Alps, along Mount Simplon, Bonaparte passed into Italy to fight the battle of Marengo, in 1800. The Alpine mountains are in height from 4,000 to 12,000 feet, separated only by narrow vallies. Mont Blanc is 15,500 feet high, being the highest mountain in Europe. It is in Savoy, and is seen from Dijon and Langres, a distance of 140 miles. Alps, the Suabian, or Wirtemberg, a chain of mountains, 70 miles in length, and from 15 to 20 in breadth, which separates the channel of the Dan- ube from that of the Neckar, and occupies the S. E. corner of the kingdom of Wirtemberg. It is a con- tinuation of the mountain tract called the Black Forest. Alps, Lower, dep. of France, formed of the N. E. part of Provence. Extent, 373 sq. leagues. Pop. 147,910. Alps, Upper, dep. of France, having N. and E. the Cottian Alps, which separate it from Pied- mont. Extent, 251 sq. leagues. Pop. 121, 523. Alresford, t. Eng. in Southamptonshire, 6 m. N. E. Winchester. Alrewas, v. and parish of Eng. Staffordshire, on the Trent. Pop. 1,121. 7 m. N. E. Litchfield. Alroe, isl. in the gulf of Horseiis, in Jutland. Lon. 10 30' E. Lat. 55 52' N. ALT Alsace, province of France, now formed into the departments of the Upper and Lower Rhine. Alsace, t Berks co. Pa. Pop. 1,640. Alschausen, a castle in Suabia, near Biberach, 9 m. S.Buchau. Pop. 1,600. Alsen, isl. in the Baltic, lying between isl. Fu- nen and the E. coast of Sleswick. Pop. 15,045. Alsens, v. Bavaria, in Sponheim. Pop. 1,100. 9 m. S. Kreutznach. Alsfeld, t. Germany, in Hesse. Pop. 3,020. 50 m. N. E. Frankfort on the Maine. Alshash, province of Great Bukharia, on the river Sihon. Lat. 43 N. Alsheim, a market t. in Hesse. Pop. 1,030. 10m. N. Worms. Alsingsund, strait in the Baltic, near Sunder- burg, separates the isl. of Alsen from the main land of Sleswick. Alsleben, or Alschleben, t. and castle of Prussia, in the dutchy of Magdeburg, on the Saale. Pop. 1,070. 9 m. S. S. W. Bernburg. Also-Sajo, v. Hungary, in Gomor co. Much quicksilver and cinnabar are obtained here. Alstadt, t. in Saxe-Weimar. Pop. 620. 28 m. N. N. E. Erfurt. Alstead, p-t. Cheshire co. N. H. 38 m. W. of Concord. Pop. 1,611. Alston, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 4 m. fr. Preston. Pop. 609. Alston, t. N. C. near the sea, 20 m. W. Bruns- wick. Alsicang, or Alswanger, castle and t. on the Bal- tic, in Courland, Russia, 10 m. W. Goldingen. Altabonita, bay on the N. E. coast of Cuba. Alta Gratia, city and cap. of Satagos, in New Granada; also, t. Buenos-Ayres, 20 m. S. S. W. Cordova ; 3 settlements in Guiana ; one in Tucuman ; and one in Venezuela. Altai, mountains in Asia, commence near the sea of Aral, and terminate on the Pacific ocean at East cape, in Ion. 170 W. They traverse about 5.000 miles under different names, the Kolhyvan- Voskresentz, Korbolokinsk, Alaskaia, Oubinsk, or Vobrosk, Buktarminsk, Teletsk, Tcharinsk, Kun- etzk, Krasnoyarsk. The highest part of the chain is computed to be 10,730 feet above the level of the sea. They contain iron, copper, and lead ore, and gold and silver mines. Here was found an in- sulated mass of native iron of 1,440 Ibs. weight. Altamaha. See Alalamaha. Altamura, t. Naples, prov. of Bari, at the foot of the Apennines. Pop. 15,000. 6 m. N. E. Gra- vina. Altar, t. Mexico, prov. of Sonora. The name also of a lofty mduntain of Quito. Altarad. See Arad, Old. Altavilla, t. Naples, in Principato Citra, 18 m. S. E. Salerno. Pop. 2,390. Altbreisach. See Breisach. Altburg, v. Germany, in Wirtemberg. Pop. 1,400. Altena, t. Prussian grand dutchy of the Lower Rhine, on the Lenne and Nette. Pop. 3,300. 30 m. N. E. Cologne. Altena, a district in S. Holland, bet. the Maese and Biesboch. Altenau, a mining t. of Hanover, in the Hartz, 9 m.fr.Goslar. Pop. 1,100. Allenbechen, v. Prussian grand dutchy of the Lower Rhine, 3 ra. E. of Leppspring, Near it is a productive iron mine. ALT 31 Altenberg, t, in the mining country of Saxony, 18 m. S. of Dresden. Pop. 1,380. Altenbruck, or Oldenbrock, t. Hanover, 27 m. N. W. of Stade. Pop. 2,600. Altenburg, principality in Germany, which is divided into two parts by the county of Gera. It belongs to the house of Gotha, and is now parti- tioned between the branches of Gotha and Saal- feld. The former possesses seven bailiwicks, in which there are 616 square miles, and 96,000 in- habitants. The soil of this part is very produc- tive, the stock of cattle good, and the people in- dustrious and comfortable. The Saalfeld portion consists of three bailiwicks, of 154 square miles, and about 25,000 inhabitants. The states of the principality are composed of nobility, and of the deputies of the towns of Altenburg, Saalfeld, and Eissenberg. Altenburg, cap. of the above principality, was formerly a free town of the empire. Pop. 9,500. 20 m. S. Leipsic. Altenburg, or Hungarian Altenburg, t. Hunga- ry, at the influx of the Leitha into the Danube. It has an active trade in horned cattle and fruit. 17 m. S. of Presburg, 40 S. E. Vienna. Pop. 3,400. Altenburg, t. with a medicinal bath, on the Danube, in Lower Austria, near the frontiers of Hungary. Altenburg, market t. in Transylvania, on White Korosch river. Altenburg, market t. in Lower Austria, on the confines of Moravia, 14 m. fr. Crems. Altendorn, t. Westphalia, 37 m. E. Cologne. Altengard, t. Sweden, in Dronthein. Pop. 1,973. Lon. 23 4' E. Lat. 69 58' N. It is the most northern place in Europe where agriculture is pursued. Altenheim, t. Baden, on' the Rhine. Pop. 1,300. Altenhofen, market t. Austria, in Carinthia, ou the Metnitz, with a castle. 4 m. N. E. Veit. Altenkirchen, t. Prussian Cleves and Berg. It was the scene of several obstinate conflicts between the French and Austrians in 1796. 15 m. N. N. E. Coblentz. Altenkirchen, market t. of Pomerania, near the point of the peninsula. Altenlandsberg, t. Prussia, in Brandenburg. Pop. 1,027. AUenmarkt, or Altenwicht, a market t. in Up- per Bavaria, 26 m. N. W. Saltsburg. AUenmarkt, two market towns in the Austrian dominions ; one near the Ens, in Styria, 14 m. N. E. Rottenmann ; the other in Lower Austria, 4 m. S. W. Baden. Alten-Oettingm, t. Bavaria. Pop. 1,400. Altensladt, v. France, in Lower Alsace>9 leagues N. N. E. Strasburg. Pop. 1,000. Altensladt, v. Wirtemberg. Pop. 500. Allensteig, t. with a castle, in Lower Austria, 55 m. N. W.Vienna., Pop. 1,000. Altentrop, t. in the Prussian province of the Lower Rhine, 50 m. E. Dusseldorf. Altenwerder, Hanover, an island in the Elbe, be- longing to Luneburg. Pop. 1,015. Alter de Chaon, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 84 m. E. N. E. Lisbon. Altgebhartsdorf, v. Saxony, in the S. E. of Upper Lusatia. Pop. 2,680. Althorp, harbor on the N. W. coast of King George the Third's archipelago, between Point Lucan and Point Lavinia. There are islands at its entrance ; ou each side of which is a spacious 32 ALT navigable channel. Lon. 223 55' E. Lat. 5C r 11' N. Allikon, district, with a v. in the Swiss canton of Zurich. Pop. 900. Altin, Allay, or Tektsk, lake, Asiatic Russia, in Kolhyvane, 84m. long by 56 broad. The source of the river Biya. Altisricd, t. Bavaria. 6 m. fr. Kemptem. Pop. 1,750. Allkamits, v. Prussian Silesia, circle of Plirsch- berg. Pop. 1,240. Altkirch, t dep. of the Upper Rhine, in France, 6 m. S. W. Muhlhausen. Pop. 1,625. Altluslheim, v. Baden, on the Rhine, opposite Spires. Pop. 920. Altmark, a division of the Mark of Brandenburg, on the W. side of the Elbe. It contained 30 years ago, an extent of 1,670 square miles, 13 towns, 6 royal bailiwicks, 27 manors, 494 villages, 16,938 houses, and 98,305 inhabitants. Allmark, t. Prussia, in Little Pomerania, 9 m. S. S. E. Marienburg. Alto, San Andres del, 4 villages in S. America ; two in Quito, one in Brazil, and one in Peru. Altobelo, isl. near the N. coast of Hispaniola, seen at a great distance. Lon. 71 18' W. Lat. 17 38' N. Altomonte, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra ; has mines of gold, silver, iron, and salt, 10 m. S. W. Cassano. Altomunster, t. Bavaria, 20 m. N. W. Munich. Pop. 750. Alton, market t. Eng. Southamptonshire, 47 m. VV. S. W. London. Pop. 2,316. Alton, p-t. Stafford co. N. H. on the S. end of Lake Winnipiseogee, 22 m. N. E. Concord. Pop. 2,058. Alton, p-t. Madison co. Illinois, on the Mississip- pi, 3 m. above the mouth of the Missouri. Near it is a coal mine. It is a new settlement, regularly laid out, and is destined to become the commercial capital of the state. Altonn, or Altena, a large city, 2m. W.Ham- burgh, on the Elbe, belonging to Denmark. Hou- ses3,120. Pop. 23,083, Lutherans, Calvinists, Cath- olics, Anabaptists and Jews. The latter pay yearly for toleration and protection 2,000 ducats. They have a large synagogue. The number of vessels is upwards of 100, which trade in the ports of the Baltic and North seas and the Mediterrane- an, and are employed in the fisheries for herring, cod, whale, and seals. Here are manufactures of velvet, silk stuffs, calico, stockings, leather, gloves, tobacco, vinegar, starch, wax, and looking-glasses, with sugar refineries and brandy. The principal public establishments are an academy with 7 teachers, a library, a house of correction, and an orphan-house. Allorf, t. Switzerland, cap. of Uri, near the riv- er Reuss, surrounded with rising grounds and beautiful gardens. Here the tyrant Geisler pro- ceeded to those indignities which through the patriotism of William Tell, laid the foundation of the Swiss independence. Pop. 4,000. 20 m. S. E. Lucern. Lon. 8 27' E. Lat. 46 50' N. Altorf, orAlldorf, t. Bavaria, capital of a dist. of the same name, in the circle of Rezat, former- ly in the territory of the imperial city of Nurem- berg. Pop. in 1B03, 2,070, of whom 220 belonged to the now suppressed university. The culture of hops and brewing are important branches of its industry. 12 m. E. S. E. Nuremberg. 34 E. N. E. Anspach. Lon. 11 W E. Lat. 49 23' N. A L V Allnrf, t. Wirtemberg,5 m. N. E. Ravensburr. Pop. 2,034. Altorf, v. and castle Baden, near Ettenheim. Pop. 1,140, Christians and Jew.-. Altorf, v. France, dep. of Lower Rhine,3 leagues W . S. VV. Strasburg. Pop. 721. Altreusck, a market t. Moravia, in the circle of Iglau, S. oflglau. Altringham, or Altrincham, t. Eng. Cheshire. It has manufactories of yarn, worsted, and cotton, an annual fair and a weekly market. Pop. 2,032. 179 m. fr. London. Allscftweiher, v. in the grand dutchy of Baden. Pop. 1,720. Altsohl, mining t. Hungary, in the lower circle of the county of Soul, on the r. Gran. Pop. 1,770. There are 2 chalybeate springs in its suburbs. 88 m. E. N. E. Presburg. Alstddt, t. Wirtembere, near Rotweil. Pop. 1,600. Altstadt, t. Moravia, in the circle of Olmut/. Pop. 1,150. Allsled, t. Prussian grand dutchy of the Lower Rhine, 5 m. N. VV. Aahaus. Allun Kupri, or Altoun Kopri, the Golden Bridge, t. Asiatic Turkey, in Bagdad, on the N. bank of the Little Zab, of Altun. Here is a Turk- ish garrison. Pop. 2,000. 210 m. fr. Bagdad, 90 S. E. Mosul. Lon 43 20' E. Lat. 35 45' N. Altun-Su, r. Asia, flows into the Tigris, 10 m. above Tecrit in Kurdistan. Altun-Tash, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, 20 m. N. VV. Kutayeh. Altura, v. Spain, in Valencia, 1 m. fr. Scgorbe, PO.V 2,200. Altu'nrp, t. on the Frische Haff, Pomerania, 7 m. E. Uckermuride. AHivasser, v. Prussia, in Silesia. Pop. 560. 2 m. N. Waldenburg. AHwolfach, v. Baden. Pop. 1,350. Altzenau, t. Hesse, 5 m. S. E. Hanau. Pop. 500, Altzn/, t. Hesse-Darmstadt, on the Selsach. Pop. 3,051. 23 m. N. W. Worms. Alum-creek, Ohio, runs into the Big Walnut, 8 m. S. E. Columbus. Alumpore, t. Bengal, 20 m. W. Midnapore. Alunkar, district in the N. part of Afghanistan, between 35 and 36" N. Lat. Alar, or Alrar, a district, N. W. part of Agra, India. Aha, t. Portugal, in Beira, 8 m. N VV. Lamego. Aha, v. Scotland, Sterlingshire. Pop. 909. 4 m. N. Alloa. Aha rfe7brme*,t. Spain, in Leon, 12 m. S. S. E. Salamanca. Here is a palace of the duke of Alva, in good preservation, niid strangers are shewn the chamber occupied by the duke. It was one of lord Wellington's stations, in the campaign of 1812. Pop. 1,300. Ahallada, t. Portugal, in Alentcjo, 16 m. N, Purique. Alvanna, t. Spain, in Guypuscoa, 9 m. S. Vitto- ria. Alvano, t. Portuguese Estremadura. Pop. 1,900. Ahar, fort, Hind, and cap. of a district, 77m. from Delhi. Lon 76 46' E. Lat. 27 41' N. .tf/wrarfo, large r. of Mexico, in Vera Cruz, runs into the gulf of Mexico, 36 m. S. S. E. Vera Cruz. Aharado, t. Mexico, near the mouth of the above river, 39 m, S. S. E. Vera Cruz. Aharcail, t. Hindustan, in Thine velley, 70m. N. K. Cape Comorin. Lon. 78 2' E. Lat 8 50' N. Ali-ares, i. Portuguese Estremadura. Pop. 1,500. A M A Alrayaser, t. Portuguese Eslremadura,13 m. N. Thomar. Ali-cci\titrlt, t. Eng. in Worcestershire, 5 m. N. E. Brom^Tove. Pop. 1,344. Abed, t. Sweden, E. Gothland. Lat. 58 13' N. AlvLiiaU) commune, Switzerland, in the Grisons. Near the village is a sulphureous bath. Jh-etisleben, v. Prussia, in Magdeburg. Pop. 1,500. Aircrew t. Portugal, oji the Tagus, G m. N. Lisbon. Pop. 1,200. Alverd, t. Persia, in Mazanderan, 60 m. S. S. W. Fehrabad. Alverflhorpe^t. Eng. Yorkshire, l in. fr. Wake- field. Pop. 3,756. Alvcrton, t. Eng. in Staffordshire. 3m. fr. Chea- dle. Pop. 934. Ah'idonaj t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, 9 m. N. E. Cassano. Al-f'illar, t. Spanish Estremadura, 9 m. fr. Placensia. Here are the remains of the Roman aqueduct, which conveyed the excellent water of this place to Caparra. Alri.nz-iriiisendutf, t. Austria, on the Marosch. Pop. 3,300. AliisO) t. Naples, in Terra di Lavoro, 10 m. E. Capua. Pop. 2,289. Alrito, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 18 m. S. S. E. Evora. Alrorninha, t. Portuguese Estremadura, 22m. S. S. W. Leyria. Ahcerij r. Wales, runs into the Dee, 7 m. N. N. E. Bala. Alyth, t. Scotland, Perthshire. It has yarn and brown linen manufactures, and 9 annual fairs. ] 2 in. W. Forfar. Pop. 2,563. Alzira, or Algecira, fortified t. Spain, 20 m. S. Valencia, on the Xucar. Pop. 10,000. Alson, t. France, dep. of the Gard. 50 m . W. Ni sines. Pop. 900. Alzonue, t. France, on the Frcsquel, dep. of the Aude. 10 m. W. Carcassone. Pop. 1,510. Amachelrum, t. Hind, in Marawar, 30 m. S. W. Tan jure. . imarore, r. Guiana, which runs from the Cor- dillera, E. into the Atlantic. Amadabas, t. Hind, in Doulatabad, 23 m. S. W. A mednagur. Amadan. See Hamadan. Amadea, r. S. America, in Granada, joins the Meta near its source. Amadia, t. A. Turkey, in Kurdistan, on a lofty mountain. At its base is a plain covered with villages ; from which there is an ascent, by a nar- row flight of steps cut out of the rock. It is a place of trade. 72 m. N. Mosul. Amagnana^ r. New Grenada, rises on the W. declivity of the Andes, and joins the Esmeraldas near the village of St. Antonio. Amaillon, v. France, dep. of Deux Sevres, 30 m. N. N. E. Niort. Amaiuca, r. S. America, runs into the Amazon, near the mouth of the river Napo. Amak, or Amager, isl. Denmark. Lon. 38 0' E. Lat. 55 40' N. At one end of the island is a vil- lage of 600 inhabitants. Amalaeva, r. Siberia, runs into the Frozen ocean. Lon. 128 14' E. Lat. 7 I 6 10' N. Amalagan, or Island of Conception* one of the I.i'dnui.- i-lunds, 3^ m. from Gugnan. Loa. 128 14' E. Lat. 18 10' N. Amalfi, orAmalphi, t. Naple*. in Principatro Citra. 10 m. S. W. galwao. Pop. 2,750. Amambai, r. Buenos Ayres, runs into the Pa- rana, opposite the isl. Salto. Amance y t. France, dep. of the Upper Saone. Pop. 900. 15 m. iN. Vesoul; another, 6 m. N. Nancy, in the dep. of the Meurthe. Ainancouh, Amankoh, or Kchkilge, fort, Persia, in Khorassan; 15 m. S. Herat. Amanda, t. Fairfieklco. Ohio, 7 m. W. Lancas- ter. Pop. 1,221. AmandavillK, p-v. Elbert co. Georgia. Amangasaeki, t. Japan, in Niphon island, 35m. S. W. Meaco. Anwnguchi) t. Japan, cap. of Nangaro, and one of the wealthiest towns of Japan. 215m. S. W. Meaco. Lon. 120 34' E. Lat. 34 N. Amanibo, r. S. America, in Dutch Guiana, en- ters the Atlantic, Lat. 5 57' N. ; also, a t. on th coast between Paramaribo and Cayenne. AnvmteOj t. Naples, on the coast of Calabria Ci- tra, at the mouth of the Oliva. Pop. 2,700. 12 m. S. W. Cosenza. Amanzirifdenj t. Arabia, 440 m. E. Mecca, 584 N. E. Mocha. Lon. 67 30' E. Lat. 20 25' N. AmapallO) t. Mexico, in Nicaragua, on a point of land running into the Pacific, 12 m. fr. San Mi- guel. A map alia, large gulf on the W. coast of Ameri- ca, between Guatimala and Nicaragua; nearly 60 in. in length, and from 9 to 30 in breadth ; also called the Gulf of Fonseca. 100 m. N. W.Leon. Lon. 88 56' W. Lat. 13 30' N. Amapet, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 10 m. S. W. Trichinopoly. Amara, t. Arabian Irak, 1 10 m. N. W. Bassora 1 . Amarautej t. Portugal, in Eutre DouroE Minho, on the Tamega, near its junction with the Douro. Pop. 4,000. 23 m. S. E. Braga, 30 E. N. E. Opor- to. Amaratoor, t. Hind, in the Mysore, 12 m. E. N. E. Nagamungalum. Amarchelta, t. Hind, in Golconda, 18m. N. Ra- chore. Amargos, isl. on the coast of Chili, at the mouth of the river Valdivia. Amargose, r. Brazil, enters the Atlantic between point Tiburon and point Mello. Lat. 5 S. Amargura, or Gardners isl. in the Pacific. It has marks of volcanic eruptions. Lon. 175 10' W. Lat. 17 57' S. Anutro, Juan, t. Brazil, in Todos Santos, near the river Panuaca. Lon. 40 14' W. Lat. 13 17' N. The other villages of this name in S. Amer- ica are inconsiderable. Amarv.co, r. S. America, runs N. into the Ori- noco, at its mouth. It is navigable for sloops 10 or 12 miles. AmarumaiUj a large r, Peru, rises in the Andes, 13" 30' S. lat. and enters the Amazon, in 4 36' S. lat. AnKtsa.) t. Japan, in the island of Niphon, 8 m. E. S. E. Jeddo. Amasalrum-i t. Hind, on the coast of the Carna- tic, 10 m. N. Tondy. Aniasia, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, on the Kiziler- mark, surrounded by mountains. The mosque with its two lofty minarets is of hewn stone. The baths ai - e of hewn stone ; in front of them are promen- ades under rows of trees. Water is raised from the river in buckets fixed to the circumference of large wheels nearly 30 feet in diameter, turned by the stream. The buckets empty themselves into reservoirs, and the water is thence conveyed in pipes to the baths and fountains. Wine, resem- bling sherry, is made here. It is the birth-place 34 A M B of the famous geographer Strabo. Pop. 25,000, chiefly Christiana. 'JOG m. E Constantinople. Lon. 36 12' E. L:it. 40 4i)' N Amasrth, or Amrs/roSj t. A.Turkey, in Nato- lia, on a point of land projecting into the Black -ea, 150 m. E. N. E. Constantinople. Lon. .,, E .Lut. 4-2 20' N. Amassia, t. on the S. E. coast of Timor. Lon. 125" 27' E. LaL !' 5. Am-ithanle, v. Cyprus, ^ m. fr. the S. shore, the site of an ancient city, 3 m. E. Limasol Amatiqtu's, gulf at the bottom of the bay of Honduras. The Gulf of Dolce communicates through it with the bay. .1*0/0, t Naples, in Calabria Citm, on Amato river, 7 m. S. E. Nicastro. .iniatta-foa. See Toofon. Ama.ri.clii, t. Ionian islands, on Santa Maura. Pop. 6,000. It is badly built with houses of only one story and is very filthy. Amazons, Marannn, or Orellana, r. S. America, the largest in the world, formed by the Tungura- gua and the Ucayale. The Tunguragua issues from the lake Lauricochn, in Peru, lat. 10 29' S. The Ucayale is formed by the junction of the Apu- rimac, and the Beni. It runs into the ocean un- der the equinoctial lino, after a course of more than 4,000 miles. The mouth is about 180 miles wide ; the tide water is distinctly felt at Obidos, 400 miles above. Among the rivers which fall in- to it from the N. are Santiago, Morona, Pastaza, Tigre, Napo, Negro, Putumayo, Yupura, Yagua- piri, Curupatuba, and Yari, and from the S. Gual- laga, Ucayale, Cuchivara, Yahtiari, Yutay, or Yotau, Cayari, Madera, Topaios, Chingu, Guan- apu. Muju. Its banks are clothed with immense woods, which afford a haunt for tigers, bears, leop- ards, wild boars, and venomous reptiles. Its wa- ters swarm with alligators, some of them from 20 to 30 feet long. The turtles are most delicious and numerous, and various in species and size. In the neighbouring woods are a variety of birds of beautiful plumage, and innumerable apes. The vegetable productions are cacao, cinnamon, va- nilla, ] ines, coffee, sugar canes, rice, maize, plan- tains, lemons, limes, oranges ; also wax, storax, copal, -and other babams, resins, and medicinal plants ; precious woods, such as cedar, red-wood, holly-wood, pine, and other woods, and some of extreme hardness like ebony. In the freshets the country for several hundred miles is laid under water. Anibncko*t. on the E. coast of Celebes, in Tello bay. Lon. 121 51' E. Lat. . 6 m. from Salisbury. Amesbury, p-t. Essex co. Mass, on the N. side of the Merrimack, 5m. W. N. W. Newburyport. Pop. 1,&>6. Am-.-'insknia, v. and fort, Russia, on the Amga, 104 ri'.' S. E. Yakutsk. Amgongit. Hind, in Dowlatabad, 20 m. E. Ou- ira, a general division of Abyssinia, ccm- prr- ''ri-ii-*\ p-v. Amherst co. Va. 124m.W. Richmond. . -linhr 'rsfhurg, or Maiden, t and cap. Essex co. Upper Canada, on Detroit r. 3 in. ah>ve its en- trance into Lake Erie, and 14 below Detroit. It has about 150 houses, and a good harbor with an- chorage in 3-i fathoms. Amianthus, v. Cyprus, near Pallandor*. Asbes- tos is found near it. The Roman? wrapt the dead bodies of their emperors in cloth made of it, and burnt them to preserve their ashes. Amice, isl. off the E. coast of Africa, S. of Cape Delgado. Lat. 10 l 35' S. Amiculdungama, t. Hind, in Mysore, 12m. N.W. Bangalore. Amiens, France, formerly the chief town of Pi- cardy, andnow the capital of thedep. of the Somme. It is situated on the Somme, 14 leagues from the sea. Pop. 40,000. Serge, and other'woollen stuffs are manufactured in the town and neighbourhood. The definitive treaty of peace between England and France, was signed here on 25th March, 1802. 30 m. S. E. Abbeville. Aminidab, t. Persia, in Khuzistan, 6 m. N. Yez- didkast. Aminaigpollam, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 20 m. W. Trichinopoly. Aminsio, t. Sweden, in Angermannland, 54 m.N. Hornosand. Amirabad, t. Bengal, 14 m. S. S. E. Islamabad. Amininte Bay. See Almirante Bay. Amissrilk, p-v. Culpepper co. Va. 86 m. W. Washington. Amite, co. Mississippi, on Amite r. Chief t. Liberty. Pop. 6,853, slaves 2,f!38 ; engaged in agriculture 2,271, in commerce 7, in manufac- tures 28. Amife., r. Mississippi, run? into the Iberville 40 m. above it? entrance into Juke Maurepas. It is navigable for boats nearly 1o its source. Amitrn; (.Hind. inCcncan, 38 m. N. Gheriah. .intify, p-v. Orange co. N. Y. Amify,Y-v. Wa l.inifton co. Pa. Amity, t. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 1,090. Amlah, t. Hind, in Dowlatabad, 28m. S. W. Ameduagur. Amlar, t. on E. coast of Panay, one of the Philippine Islands. Lon. 122 35' E. Lat. 11" 10' N. Amlistk, one of the Aleutian islands in the Pacific. Lon. 187" 14' E. Lat. 53" 30' N. Amlu>ich,9-p. VV files, in N. E. corner of Anglesey, which has arisen from the state of a poor fishing town, in consequence of the opening of copper mines in 1768. The town is inhabited almost exclusively by miners and persons connected with the mines. Pop. 4,629. 18m. from Holyhead. Ammoii, t. Palestine, called Rabbah Ammon in Scripture. It was the capital of the Amiimhilo, and when besciged and captured by Joab, Uriah was killed here. In profane history its name was J'/iiladdphia. 52 m. N. E. Jerusalem. Ammcr, mountains in the S. part of Algiers. *ii>iri,e.rsee, lake, Bavaria, 18 m. S. W. Munich. Ammern-fyer, Amtin rirnltr, or Ammeshweir, t. France, dep. of Upper Rhine, 4m. N. W. Col- mar. Ammonoosuck, Lower, r. N. H. rises in the White A M S Mountain?, near the sources of the Merrimack, and runs W. into the Connecticut at Bath. Ammonoosuck, Upper, r.N. H. runs into the Con- necticut at Northumberland. Amoas, v. Palestine, formerly named Emmaus, and then Nicopolis. There are two other villages in Palestine of the same name, one near lake Ti- berias, another supposed to be mentioned by St. Luke. Amoas is often mistaken for the castle of Emmaus, whither Christ \vent after his resurrec- tion. 22 m. from Jerusalem. Amoeneburg, t. Upper Hesse. Pop. 1,050. 4 m. N. N. E. Mentz. Amoerang,t. on N. W. coast of Celebes. Lon. 124 12' E. Lat.O55'N. Amol, Amid, or Amu, city, in Great Bukharia, on the left bank of the Jihon, there called Amol, 150 m. W. Samarcand, 300 N. Herat. Lon. 60 40' E. Lat.3930'N. Amol. See AmuL Amond, r. Wales, falls into the Loughen. Amoru,i. Arabian Irak, on the Tigris, 120m.S.E. Bagdad. Amorbach, vrAmerbach, t. Germany, 20 m.N.E. Heidelberg. Pop. 1,500. Amorgo, isl. in the Greek Archipelago. Lon. 25" 50' E. Lat. 36 53' N. Ainorgo Poulo, isl. in the Archipelago, 6 m. W. Amorgo. Lon. 25 44' W. Lat 36 45' N. Amoria, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, on theSakaria, 50 m. S. W. Angora. Amoskeag falls, in the Merrimac, 15 m. below Concord, around which a canal is dug. The de- scent is 48 feet 3 inches in the course of half a mile. Amotape, v. Peru, between Tumbez and Piura. Lon. 80 42' W. Lat. 4 50' S. Amoul, t. Hind, in Coimbetoor, 18 m. N. Dara- porum. Amoy, r. runs into the Hiwassee, a S. branch of Tennessee river. Ampazita, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bessarabia, 35 m. E. N. E. Galatz. Ampfing, v. on the Iser, in Bavaria, 15 m. S. Din- gel fingen. Ampfula Bay, in the Red sea, on the coast of Abyssinia. Amphilochia. See Ambelachia. Amplepuis, t. France, dep. of the Rhone, 12 m. E. S. E. Roanne. Pop. 3,300. Amptliill, t. Eng. Bedfordshire. Pop. 1,277. 12 m. N. Dunstable. Ampurias, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 58 m. N. E. Barcelona. Pop. 2,200. Amra, t. Hind, in Behar, 12 m. E. Noony. .7//1/Y/, r. -weden, rises in Jamtland, and joins the Ragunda, 17 m. E. Stugun. Amran, t. Hind, in Gujerat. Lon. 70 35' E. Lat 22 35' N. Amrttsir (the Pool of Immortality), t. Hind, in Lahore, the chief place of religious worship of the Seik nation. It is on the high road between Ca- bul and Delhi, Cashmere and the Dekkan, and is a great emporium of trade. Amrom, isl. Denmark, on the W. coast of Sles- wick, belonging to Ripen. It contains 3 small villages inhabited by fishermen. Amschdberg, t Bohemia, 24 m. S. Prague. Lon. 142'8"E. Lat. 40 42' N. Amstd, r. Netherlands, which runs through the rity of Amsterdam, and discharges itself into the arm of Zuyder Zee called the Wye. A M S 37 Amstelceen, v. Holland, 6 m. S. Amsterdam. Pop. 5,051. Amsterdam, the largest, richest, and most popu- lous city in the Netherlands, is on the arm of Zuy- der Zee called the Y or Wye. In former ages it was a simple village, meanly built, and inhabited by fishermen. It was encompassed with walls and other fortifications in 1482, and by successive ac- cessions in size and population (particularly in the years 1585, 1599, 1612, and 1658,) became in the 17th century, one of the first trading cities of Eu- rope. One great cause of its rapid progress was the decay of Antwerp. The river Amstel divides it into the Old or Eastern, and the New or'West- ern Towns. From the marshy nature of the soil, it has been necessary to build almost the whole city on oaken piles driven into the ground. It is intersected throughout by canals, which cut each other in a thousand different ways. Several streets are lined with trees, and form agreeable promenades. On the land side it is defended by a wall and regular bastions, with a broad and deep ditch ; and by means of the sluices the whole ad- joining country can be laid under water. To- wards the sea it is provided with no fortifications ; but the entrance to the harbor is guarded by two rows of piles, with openings for the admission of vessels, which are shut at night. The stadthouse stands on a foundation of 13,659 piles, in an open square in the centre of the city. It is built of freestone, (except the ground floor, which is brick,) is 282 feet long, 235 broad, and, Avithout reckoning the tower, 116 high. Its interior is adorned with marble, jasper, statues, paintings, and other costly ornaments. Among other edi- fices, are the magnificent East and West India houses, exchange, bank, admiralty, three weigh- houses, corn-exchange, and tower. In the old church is a chapel, with windows of painted glass. The new church contains the tombs of De Ruyter, Bentink, andVondel. The Jews possess splendid synagogues. The principal public establishments are the arsenal and dock-yards, the academy, grammar school, anatomical and surgical college, the work-house, house of correction or rasp-huis, orphan-house, hospital for old men, establislunent for widoAvs, lazaretto, lunatic asylum, the botanic garden, &c. The exchange, so long famous in the mercantile world, is a plain but stately fabric of freestone, covered with tiles, and is in length 230 feet, and in breadth 130. It is fitted to con- tain about 4,500 persons, and is daily resorted to after midday by all concerned in exchange or oth- er mercantile business. In former days, it was not uncommon to see 100 vessels enter the port with the same tide, and there commonly lay to- gether in the harbor 600 vessels and upwards. The objects of this commerce were grain, wine, groce- ries, spiceries, dye-stuffs, fish, Virginian and Bra- zil tobacco, all Baltic merchandise, cotton, and other productions from the Levant and Barbary ; the products of Italy, Spain, France, and thr north of Europe ; gold, silvery, jewellery, and all kinds of colonial produce. In the town and ad- joining country are manufactured all sorts of stuff?, damasks, galoon lace, velvet, woollen cloths, car- pets, and leather ; there are also refineries of su- gar, borax, camphire, cinnabar, sulphur, o Its commerce declined during the 20 years that preceded the general pacification of 1814. The immediate causes were the war with England in 1780, the interior troubles in 1787, and above all, 38 A M W the occupation of the country by the French, the consequent war with England, and loss of the Dutch colonies. It is doubtful if this city will ever regain its former population and opulence, now that the Scheldt is open, and Antwerp in the enjoyment of that good government and wise reg- ulations which formerly were found only in Hol- land. The population in 1785 was 230,000, but in 1812 below 200,000. It is 5 m. W. of the Zuy- derZee, 65 N. Antwerp, and 240 N. by E. Paris. Lon. 4 40' E. Lat. 52 25' N. Amsterdam, p-t. Montgomery co. N.Y. on Mo- hawk, r. 30 m. W. Albany. Pop. 3,171. Amsterdam, isl. near N. W. coast of Ceylon. Lat. 9 50' N. Amsterdam Island, in the S. Pacific ocean. It is 11 miles in circuit, 700 feet high, and has a very fertile soil. The interior of the island is inaccessi- ble except by an entrance on the east. The whole is of volcanic formation. Seals resort to the shore in droves of 800 or 1000, and their capture has been followed as a profitable adventure. Lon. 7654'E. Lat. 37 47'. S. Amsterdam, New, the seat of government of Berbice, in Guiana, is situated between the rivers Berbice and Canje, near their confluence, 52 m. S. S. E. Stabrook. Lon. 57 15' W. Lat 6 20' N. Amstoss, v. Switzerland, canton of Appenzel, with a chapel erected in memory of the overthrow of Frederick of Austria by the Swiss in 1405,4m. S.W Rheiueck. Amslotten, v. Austria ; where the Austrians and Russians were defeated by the French in 1805. 8 m. S. W. Ips. Anitshitka, one of the Aleutian islands, about 60 miles long. Amtszell, t. Wirtemberg, district of the lake of Constance, 8 m. E. Ravensburg. Pop. 2,130. Amuchta, one of the Aleutian islands, with a volcano. Amul, t. Persia, in Mazanderan, on the Arasbei, here crossed by a stone bridge. Here are the re- mains of a castle witfi r thick brick walla; a large palace in the suburbs, of two stories ; and three sepulchral towers : fire temples of the ancient Gu- bres. Pop. 800, who subsist by the culture of rice and cotton, and by the iron forges and cannon founderies in the neighbourhood. 120 m. E. N.E. Casbin. Lon. 52 15' E. Lat. 36 40' N. Amulrifj v. Scotland, in Perthshire, 66 m. from Edinburgh. Amur, r. Asia, rising in Chinese Tartary, in the Kontaihan mountains, in 49 N. lat. and 109 E. Ion. and flowing into the sea of Okhotsk, in about 53 N. lat. opposite Saghalin. It is formed by the confluence of the Argun and Schilka. Schilka is formed by the union of the Onon and Ingoda. It is called Schilka by the Tungoose; Saghalin Oula, signifying the Black mountain river, by the Tar- tars, and Ghelon Kiangh, or the Dragon river, by the Chinese. The Chinese keep a guard of armed boats at its mouth, and are jealous of the preserva- tion of it. Amusco, t. Spain in Leon, 10 m. N. Palencia. Amuturi, r. New Granada, joins the Cazanare, and enters the Orinoco on the N. side. Amwell, v. Eng. in Hertfordshire. Here is the source of the canal called New River, designed to supply London with water, 21 m. N. London, 1 S. W. Ware. Amu-elh p-t. Hunterdon co. N. J. 16 m.N. Tren- ton. Pop. 6,749. ANA AmweU, t. Washington co. Pa. S. W. Pittsburg. Pop. 1,825. Ana, t. Sweden, in Savolax, 80 m. N. N. E. Ny- slot. Ana, or Anah, t. in the Arabian Irak, or pacha- lie of Bagdad, on the W. bank of the Euphrates. Pop. 3,000. 260 m. E. Damascus, 220 S. E. Alep- po. Lon. 41 15' E. Lat. 34 N. Ana Capri, t. on the Neapolitan island of Ca- pri. It stands in the middle of the island, nearly 2,000 feet above the level of the sea. The ascent to the town is by a staircase of 552 steps. See Capri. Anacur, or Nuacftir, t. Syria, 6 m. N. Acre. Anadyr, r. Siberia, falls into the sea of Anadyr in 64 30' N. lat. 176" 30' E. Ion. Anadyrskoi, fort, Siberia, on the Anadyr. Lon. 165 14 ; E. Lat. 66 9' N. Anagni, t. Italy, in the States of the Church, 28 m. S. E. Rome. Anahvac, Indian name of New Spain. Anaia-tuba, t. Brazil, in Para, on the N. side of Maraio isl. 20 m. E. Parana. Lat. 12' S. A mi Idea, t. Abasia, at the efflux of Enguri river into the Black sea. Anakopia, t. Abasia, on the Black sea, 40 m. W. Isuagar. Lon. 39 45' E. Lat. 43 30' N. Annk-Sungei, district, on the S. W. coast of Su- matra. Its capital is Moco Moco. Anamaboe. See Annamaboe. Anambas, islands in the Chinese sea. Lon. 105* 56' E. Lat. 3 N. divided into Great, Little, and South. Anamooka. See Annamooka. Anamsagur, t. Hind, in Bejapoor, 20 m. W. Moodgul. Lon. 7632'E. Lat. 16' 17'N. Ananct, t. Spain, in Biscay, 16 m. S. S. W. Or- duna. Ananes, 3 islands in the Grecian archipelago, 3 leagues S. W. Milo isl. Ananpour, t. Hind, in Bednore, 20m. S. E. Bed- nore, 120 N. W. Seringapatam. Anantapooram, t. Hind, in Wandicotta, 63 m. N. E. Cuddapah. Lon. 78 6' E. Lat. 1441'N. Ananlapour, t. Hind. 13 m. E. Cuddapah. Anantasaarun, t. Hind, in Golconda, 10 m. N. W. Waremgole. Ananlasupilly, t. Hind. 18 m. W. Rajamundry. Anantoor, t. Hind, in Barramaul, 12 m. N. \ V. Darempoory. Anantpour, t. Hind, in the Mysore, 85 m. N. E. Chittledroog, 140 N. N. E. Seringapatam. Ananuri, t. and fort. Georgia, in Sseristo, on the Arkala, 40 m. N. N. W. Teflis. Anapa, or Anapea, t. Circassia, on Sundjik bay, in the Black sea, 70 m. E. S. E. Theodosia'. Lon. 3710'E. Lat. 44 40' N. Anapapooly, t. Hind, in Coimbetoor, 22 m. N. W. Daraporum. Anappes, t. France, on the Margue, dep. of the North, 2 leagues from Lille. Pop. 2,000. Anarghia, v. Mingrelia, 2 m. fr. the Black sea, 9 fr. Cotatis, and on the site of ancient Heraclea. Lon. 41 46' E. Lat. 42 40' N. Anarogdurra, t. Ceylon, 65 m. N. Candy. Anastasia, isl. off the E. coast of Florida, oppo- site the city of St. Augustine. It is about 25 miles long, and is separated from the main land by an arm of the sea called Matanzas river. It contains quarries of free stone. Lon. 81 36' W. Lat. 29 48' N Anatolia. See Natalia. A N C Anattom, the most southern island of the New Hebrides. Anaurai-Pucu, r. Portuguese Guiana, falls into the Amazon. Anazarba. See Ansarba. Anbar, t. of the Arabian Irak, on the Euphrates, 35 m. W. Bagdad. Anbar, t Great Bukharia, 70 m. S. S.W. Bulkh. Lat. 36" N. Anbord, t. Persia, in Khorassan, 150 m. N. E. Mesched. Anca, Point, on the coast of Chili, at the en- trance of the river Valdivia. Ancaon, t. Portugal, in Beira, 5 m. S. E. Coim- bra. Ancarano, t. Ecclesiastical States, in Ancona,on the Tronto, 6 m. S. Ascoli. Ancasler, v. Eng. in Lincolnshire, the Roman Crocolana. 8 m. fr. Grantham. Ancaster, t Lincoln co. Up. Canada, S. W. York. Ancaye, territory of Madagascar, on the E. coast. It abounds in cattle. Ance, or Anse, t. France, on the Saone, in the dep. of the Rhone, 4 leagues N. Lyons. Pop. ],640. Anceaume. See Bourbon VAncy. Ance, Grand, t. island of Martinique., on the N. coast. Ance , Grand, Bay, island of San Christobal ; al- so the name of three bays in the island of Guada- loupe. Ance, Petite, t. island of St. Domingo, 5 m. S. Cape St. Francois. Ancenis, t. on the coast of France, dep. of the Lower Loire. Its trade is in wood, corn, and wine. 8 leagues N. E. Nantes. Pop. 3,295. Ancervillf, t. France, dep. of the Meuse, 4 leagues S. W. Bar. Pop. 2,200. Anceri'ille, v. France, dep. of the Moselle, 4 leagues S. E. Metz. Anchediva. See Angediva. Anchitty, or Anc/tiltydurgain, English fort, Hind, in the Mysore, 25 m. fr. Covcriporam. Anchfilme, r. Eng. flows into the Humber. Anchor Island, near the S. entrance of Dusky bay, New Zealand. Lori. 166 16' E. Lat. 45 46' N. J/fhorites, islands off the N. coast of New Guinea. Lon. 145 15' E. Lat. 45' S. Anchor Point, N. VV. coast of America, on the E. side of Cooke's inlet. Lon. 208 48' E. Lat. 59 39' .N. Anciaons, t. Portugal, in Tras-los-Montes, 10 m. W. Torre de Moncorvo. Ancigne, v. France, dep. of the Deux-Sevres, 7 leagues S. S. E. Niort. "ale, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 7 m. S. S. E. Squillace. Ancisa de Moncorvo, t. in Tuscany, near the Arno, 10 m. 8. E. Florence. Anckerholtz, t. Prussia, in Pomerelia, 30 m. W. N. W. Dantzic. Anrhffe, hamlet, Eng. Lancashire. Here is a wrll, the vapour of which will take fire and burn likf: spirits, the flame continuing a whole day in ealm weather. 2m. fr. Wigan. Anclin, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, 4 m. fr. Pala- tia. Anclole Point, California, lies in Ion. 115 11' W. lat 29 17' N. Anco, t Peru, in Huamanga. Lat. 13 14' S. Ancober, or Ankobra, r. Gold Coast of Africa, AND 39 runs between Ahantah and Apollonia, into the sea. Ancocus Creek, N. J. falls into the Delaware, 6 m. S. W. Burlington. It is navigable 16 miles. Ancon, el, t. Peru, on the coast, 20 m. N. Lima. Ancon, gulf, S. America, in Quito. Lat. 1* 25' N. Ancon, Cape, the N. point of Chiloe isl. in the Pacific. Lon. 80 VV. Lat. 42 S. Ancona, La Marca rf', province of Italy, in the Ecclesiastical State, lying between the Appennines and the Adriatic sea, has the Marca di Fermo S. and the dutchy of Urbino N. It forms part of the Papal province of La Marca, which comprises be- sides it the Marca di Fermo, Urbino, and Fano. The capital is Macerata. Ancona, t. in the above province, on a point of land projecting into the gulf of Venice. On one of the moles in the harbor, is a triumphal arch erected in honour of Trajan. It was declared a free port in 1732, and became a rival of Venice. The principal branches of its commerce are those connected with agency and commission. Goods from the north of Europe, are here exchanged for the productions of Germany, Italy, Hungary, Bos- nia, and Turkey. The exports are grain, wool, skins, silk, sail-cloth, ship-biscuits, soap, alum, sulphur, and the fruits of the south. The imports are, from England, tin, lead, herrings, and camblets ; from Holland, various raw materials, sugar, cocoa, coffee, spices, and cloth; from Russia, leather; from Sweden, tar ; from Bosnia and Turkey, cot- ton ; and from Germany, iron. Here is a sugar refinery, a manufactory of white paint and lead, and a soap-work. Pop. 20,000. 116 m. N. by E. Rome. Lon. 13 35' E. Lat. 43 36' N. Ancona, r. S. part of Abyssinia, falls into the Hanazo. Ancora, isl. on the coast of Brazil, in Rio Ja- neiro. Ancoraym.es, t. Peru, in Omasuyos, on the E. shore of lake Titicaca, 70 m. N. N. W. La Paz. Ancove, central district of Madagascar, E. of the mountains. The inhabitants breed silk worms, cul- tivate cotton, and work mines of iron; and deal largely in the slave trade. Pop. 25,000. Ancram, t. Columbia co. N. Y. on Ancram creek. Here are extensive iron works. The ore is sup- plied chiefly from Salisbury, Connecticut. Pop. Ancre, Encre, or Albert, t. France, dep. of the Somme. Pop. 1,940. Here are presses for calico and carpets, linen bleachfields, and a saltpetre work. 5 leagues E. N. E. Amiens. Ancrum, v. Scotland, Roxburgh co. on the Te- viot. A battle was fought here in 1544 between the Scots and English. Pop. 300. 3 m. fr. Jed- burgh, 45 S. E. Edinburgh. Ancy-le-duc, t. France, dep. of the Saone and Loire, 1 league N. Marcigny. Ancy-le-Franc, t. France, dep. of the Yonne. Pop. l',240. 1 leagues E. A uxerre. Ancy-le-Surveux, t. France, dep. of the Yonne., H league fr. Tonnere. Ancy-sur- Moselle, t. France, dep. of the Mo- selle, 2i leagues S. W. Metz. Anducollo, t. Chili, in Coquimbo, the seat of the gold mines in the district. / Andahuailas, province, Peru, bordering on the '/ Andes, 24 leagues long, and 15 wide. It produ- ces wheat, maize, and fruits, and annually be- tween 750,000 and 1,000,000 Ibs, sugar. Pon 12,000. . 40 AND AND Andalause, s-p. Algiers, 15 m. W. Oran. Andalusia, or Vaitdalusia, province, Spain, com- prehending Seville, Cordova, Jaen, and Granada. It is on the Mediterranean and the Atlantic at the Straits of Gibraltar. The principal rivers are the Guadalquiver, navigable for large vessels to Se- ville, and the Guadiana, which separates it from Portugal. Its products are cattle, wool, oil, corn, honey, silk, sugar, and wine. The mines yield quicksilver, cinnabar and antimony. Pop. in 1787, 7J8,153. Chief towns, Cadiz and Seville. Andalusia, New. See Guiana. Andalusia, p-v. Bucks co. Pa. Artdanian, t. Fe/zan, in Africa, 165 m. E. Mour- zouk. Andaman, Greal, and Little, Islands, on the E. side of the bay of Bengal. The length of the Great Andaman is 150 miles, its breadth from 18 to 3U. Little Andaman, 30 miles S. is 28 miles long, and 17 broad. Here are the banyan tree, the al- mond tree, the oil tree, tall and affording oil, which is extracted by filling an excavation of the trunk with fire, the vine tree of extreme hardness ; abundance of fine shells, molluscas, and fish. Pop. about 2,500. Lon. 92 E. Lat. 10 3^ 14" N. Andamas, t. Persia, in Khuzistan, 130 m. W. Is- pahan. Andance, t. France, dep. of the Ardeche. Pop. 860. 7 leagues S. Vienne. Andaye, t. France, in the Lower Pyrenees, 2i leagues S. St. Jean de Luz. Andechud,t. Bulkh, on the Jihon, 60m. S. S.W. Bulkh. Andeer, t. Switzerland, in the Grisons, 8 m. S. S. W. Tusis. Andegan, or Ferganah, t. in Turkestan, capital of the district of Ferganah, 210 m. N. N. E. Sa- marcancL Lon. 67 30' E. Lat. 42 18' N. Andeljingen, t. Switzerland, in the canton of Zurich, on the Thur, 17 m. N. N. E. Zurich. Pop. Anddis, t. Normandy, properly consisting of two, viz. the Great and Little Andeli, in the Eure. Pop. 5,256. 8 leagues S. E. Rouen. Andelly, r. France, falls into the Seine 9 m. above Rouen. Andelspach, r. Germany, runs into the Danube near Scheer. Anderab, t. Usbeck Tartar y, 130 m. from Bulkh. Lon. 68 40' E. Lat. 36 3' N. Anderlecht, t. Netherlands. 3 m. S. W. Brussels. Andermatt. See Urseren. Andernach, t. on the Rhine, in the grand dutchy of the Lower Rhine, 6 m. N. W. Coblentz, 25 S. S. E. Cologne. Pop. 2,020. Andero, isl. gulf of Mexico, S. S. E. Cape Gra- ciasaDios. Lat. 1230'N. Anderson, p-v. Sussex co. N. J. Anderson, co. East Tennessee, on Clinch r. N. W. Knoxville. Chief t. Clinton. Pop. 4,668. Slaves, 349. Engaged in agriculture, 1,310; in commerce, 4. Anderson, t. Hamilton co. Ohio. Pop. 2,122. Anderson's Island, on the N. W. coast of Amer- ica. Lon. 167 40' W. Lat. 63 10' \. Anderson* s-store, p-v. Caswell co. N. C. 56 m. N. W. Raleigh. Anderson's, r. Indiana, runs into the Ohio be- low Troy. Andersonmlle, p-v. Edgefield district, S. C. Andcrsonville, p-v. Hancock co. Mississippi. Andes, called by the Spaniards Cordillera de los Andes, aa immense chain of mountains which, under various names, runs through the whole con- tinent of America. They commence near the straits of Magellan in lat. 54 S. and passing along the coast of the Pacific ocean, through Patagonia, Chili, Peru, and New Granada, cross the isthmus of Darien into North America, where still pursu- ing a northerly course, they pass through Guati- mala, New Spain, the United States, and British America, and terminate, it is supposed, on the Fro- zen ocean, in lat. 70 N. In Chili they are about 120 miles in breadth. Various branches diverge from the main chain, in La Paz, Potosi, and Tucu- man, to the E. connecting the Andes of Peru and Chili with the ridges of Brazil. In Peru the An- des are divided into three ridges, and about the 6th degree of S. lat. are united into a single chain. They again divide, on entering Quito, into two chains, and farther N. from 2 to 5 N. lat. into three. The E. ridge divides the valley of the riv- er Magdalena from the plains of Rio Meta. The central chain, which divides the waters of the Rio Magdalena from those of Rio Cauca, often attains the limits of perpetual snow. The W. separates the valley of Cauca from the coast of the Pacific ocean. Its highest elevation is scarcely 5,000 feet and it sinks so low in its progress N. that its course can scarcely be traced into the isthmus of Darien. The three chains are blended together in the 6th and 7th degrees of N. lat. After passing the isth- mus of Darien, the Andes in Mexico are spread in- to vast plains, from 6,000 to 8,000 feet above the level of the sea, from which insulated mountains, with volcanic summits, covered with perpetual snow, rise to the height of 15,000, 16,000, and 17,000 feet. Several of the most elevated peaks of the Andes have been scaled, and their height? accurately measured, by Humboldt and M. Bonp- land. According to the observations of the=e travellers, who ascended to the height of 19,300 feet, Chimborazo rose 2,140 feet higher, making its total height to be 21,440 feet above the level of the sea. The volcano of Antisano was found to be 19,150 feet high, and that of Cotopaxi only 260 feet lower. The Andes in the tropical regions, from their elevation, comprehend within a short space, every variety of temperature, and of the vegetable tribes. On the declivity, from about 3,000 to 5,000 feet above the level of the sea, there reigns perpetually a soft spring temperature, which never varies more than 7 or 9 degrees of Fahrenheit. The limit of perpetual congela- tion under the equator has been fixed, by Hum- boldt, at 15,700 feet, and at 15,000 feet in the lati- tude of 20. Between the tropics, from the level of the sea to the height of from 3,000 to 5,000 feet, cassava, cacao, maize, plantains, indigo, sugar, cot- ton, and coffee, are cultivated. Between the alti- tudes of 6,000 and 9,000 feet lies the climate best suited for the culture of all kinds of European grain. Beyond the limit of 9,000 feet large trees begin to disappear. The grasses clothe the ground at an elevation of from 13,500 to 15,100 feet, and from this to the regions of ice and snow, the only plant is the lichen, which covers the rocks, and seems even to penetrate under the snow. The name And.es, is commonly applied only to that part of the chain which is in South America. The part in Mexico is called the Cordilleras of Mexico, and the part N. of Mexico, the Rocky Mountains. Andes, p-t. Delaware co. N. Y. Pop. 1,378. Andesage, t France, dep. of the Lot and Ga- ronne, 10 m. N. E. Agen. AND Andeseion, or Dederseion, t. in Galicia, 52 m. S. S. W. Cracow. Andgeh-Buru, cape on the N. coast of Natolia, in the Black sea. Lon. 35 22' E. Lat. 41 27' N. Indian, t Great Bukharia, 15 m. N. Vashgerd. Andicotta, t. Hind, in Malabar, 38 m. S. S. E. Calicut. Lat. 10 54' N. Andigiara, t. Great Bukharia, 120 m. W. Ba- dakshan. Andijaun. See Andegan. Andije.ro, t. Persia, on the Persian gulf. Lon. 57 12' E. Lat. 28 28' N. Andilla,t. Spain, 12 leagues fr. Valencia. Andlau, t. France, in the Lower Rhine, 18m. S. S. W. Strasburg. Lon. 7 30' E. Lat. 48 24' N. Pop. 2, 184. Ando, isl. in the North sea, neajr the coast of Lapland. Lat. 68 24' N. Andony, r. W. Africa, falls into the Atlantic in lat. 4 30' N. Andora, t. Genoa, 2 m. N. E. Oneglia. Andorno, t. Piedmont, 25 m. N. W. Vercelli, 15 \. X. E. Ivrea. Andorra t. Spain, inCatalenia, 9 m. N. Urgel. Andover, t. England, in Hants, 18 m. E. N. E. Salisbury, 63 W. London. Pop. 3,295. Andover, t. Oxford co. Maine. Pop. 368. Andover,p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H. on the Mer- rimack, 18 m. N. W. Concord. Pop. 1,642. It contains a printing press, several mills and manu- lactures. In 1818, a legacy of $10,000 was be- queathed by Mr. Joseph Noyes for the establish- ment of an Academy in this town. Andover, t. Windsor co. Vt. 20 m. S. W. Wind- sor. Pop. 957. Andover, p-t. Essex co. Mass. 20 m. N. Boston ; 16 W. N. W. Salem; 20 S. W. Newburyport. Pop. 3,889. Phillips' Academy in this town is the most nourishing academy in the State. It was founded in 1778 by the Hon. Samuel Phillips, Esq. of Andover, and his brother, the Hon. John Phil- lips, LL. D. of Exeter. Its officers are a principal, 3 assistants, a teacher of sacred music and a writing master. The number of students in 1822 was 130, all of whom were pursuing the study of the learn- ed languages. The institution is accommodated with a large and commodious brick building, 80 feet by 40, erected in 1818, on a range with the buildings of the Theological Seminary. The Theological Seminary was founded in 1808, and has been richly endowed entirely by private boun- ty. The whole amount of what has been contrib- uted for permanent use in this seminary, including the permanent funds, library and public buildings, is more than three hundred and Jifly thousand dol- lars, and this has been contributed almost entirely from six families. In 1822 the officers were 4 pro- ;ind the number of students was 132. The whole number who have completed their educa- tion here is 312. The library contains about 5,000 volumes. The buildings are on a lofty eminence, and command an extensive prospect. They con- sist of an elegant brick edifice, containing the chapel, library and lecture rooms ; 2 spacious brick edifices, containing rooms for the accommo- dation of 128 students ; and houses for each of the professors and the steward. A majority of the students are supported in whole or in part by char- ity. The; Academy and the Theological Seminary are under the same Board of Trustees. Andover, p-t. Tolland co. Coon. 15 ra. E. Hart- ford. A N E 41 Andover, t. Sussex co. N. Y. 30 m. N. Trenton, 40 VV.N. W. New-York. Andover, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio. Pop. 185. AndoviUe, t. France, in the Mayenne, 6 m. N. Laval. Andoyaco, t. Peru, in Lima, 32 m. S. E Xauxa. Andragiry, r. Sumatra, which falls into the sea on the E. coast in lat. 30' S. Andrapoura. See Indrapoura. Adrastadt, or Andre, St. t. of the Austrian em- pire, in Carinthia, 20 m. E. N. E. Clagenfurt, and 32S.E. Mahran. Andrea, t. W. Africa, on the Mesurado, 7 or 8 m. from its mouth. Andreasberg, t. Hanover, in Grubenhagen, con- taining mines of iron, cobalt, and silver. Pop. 3,350. 10 m. S. S. E. Goslar. Andrench, or Androna, t. Syria, 30 m. S. S. E Aleppo. Andres, or Anderes, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, 60 m. E. Angora. Andrerskaia,bfiy on the coast of Siberia. Lon. 96 14' E. Lat, 76 20' N. Andrew, r. W. Africa, falls into the sea, about 5 N. lat. Andrewa, or Andre, a Tartar v. near the Rus- sian government of Caucasus. Andrew's bay, in the straits of Magellan, coast of Patagonia. Andria, t. Naples, in Bari, 5 m. W. S. W. Trani. Andria, t. Asia, in Daghestan, 90 m. N. N. W, Derbend. Andricau, t. Austria, in Galicia. Pop, 3,092. Androna. See Andreneh. Androniga, t. Cyprus, 16 m. N. Famagosta. Andros, or Andro,one of the Cyclades islands, in the Archipelago. Pop. 10,000, mostly Greeks. The principal trade is in silk. Andros, the capital of the above is in Ion. 25 % E. Lat. 37 46' N. Androscoggin, or Ameriscoggin, r. ,which forms the outlet of Umbagog Lake. The first part of its course is in New-Hampshire, where it receives a branch called Peabody's river, rising in the White Mountains. After entering Maine it runs at first in an easterly and then in a southerly di- rection and joins the Kennebec at Merry meeting bay, 18 miles from its mouth. Its whole course is about 150 miles. At Lewistown, near the mouth of the river, is a perpendicular fall of 30 feet. Andros Islands, or Isles del Espiritu Santo, among the Bahamas. Lon. 77 to 78 15' W. Lat. from 24 to 25' 20" N. Andrma, t. Eu. Turkey, in the Morea, 20 ra. N. E. Naverin. Anduse, t. France, in Cevennes, on the Garden, 20m. N. W. Nismes. Pop. 5,000. Andtixar, t. Spain, in Andalusia, on the Gua- dalquiver, 6 leagues from Jaen. Pop. 14,000. Antdour, t. Hmd. 20 m. W. Madura. .hicxada, isl. W.Indies. Lon. 64 22' W. Lat. 18 46' N. Anegada, bay on the coast of Patagonia, at the mouth of the Rio de los Sauces. Lat. 44 45' S. Anemur, cape and city of Carmania, in Asia Minor, 120 m. S. Konieh. Lon. 32 30' E. Lat. 36 15' N. And, t. France, in the Eure and Loire, 8 m. N. Dreux. Pop. 1,570. Anet,v. Switzerland, 17 m. W. N. W. Berne, 1 Anfant, t. Persia, 30 m. N. W. Zareng. 4* AN G Anfelden, t Bavaria ,12 . N. W. Auspach. Angad, desert, Africa, between Algiers and MO- ROCCO Inhabited by fierce and war-like Arabs. Angamaty, t. in Cochin, 35 m. E. Cranganore. Angatole, t. Ceylon, 25 m. S. E. Colombo. Anyar, isl. in the Persian gulf, S. of Kishma isl. Angara, r. Siberia, rises in lake Baikal, and passing Irkutsk, falls into the Enissey. Angara, t. Thibet, 20 m. N. W. Dharmsaleh. Angaraes, province, Peru, watered by some of the head streams of the Apurimac. Its capital is Guancavelica. Pop. 3.v.M.">. Angasa, isl. in the Indian ocean, E. Madagascar. Lon. 58 10' E. Lat. 17 S. Angeac, t. France, 3 leagues W. S. W. Cognac. Pop. 1,500. Anvtc, Gardien, parish, Cote-de-Beaupre seign- iory, Lower Canada, on the St. Lawrence, 7 m. N. E. Quebec. Angedira, isl. in the Indian sea, 44 m. S. Goa. Lon. 74 E. Lat. 14 44' N. Angel, r. Germany, runs into the Ems, near Munster. Angelana, t. Persia, in Irak, 25 m. N. Koom. Angeles. See Puebla de los Angeles. Angelica, p-t. and cap. Alleghany co. N. Y. on Genesoe r. S. E. Bufblo. Pop. 1,510. Angeln, or An^et dismci, Denmark, on the E. coast of Sleswick, Between the bay of Fleas- burg and the river Schley. Angelniewi, t. Russia, in Finland, 22 m. E. S. E. Abo. Angenila, isl. at th.-> E. entrance of the straits of Sunda. Lon. 1 06 38' E. Lat. 5 48' S. Angenwed, t. Hind, in Concan, 95 m. S. Bom- bay. An^er, t. Styria, 12 m. N. N. fi. Gratz. Anger, t. Austria, 8m. S. St. Polten. Angerbach, r. Prussia, falls into the Havel, near Potsdam. Angerburg, t Prussia, 55 m. S. E. Konigsberg. Angeree Point, on N. coast of Java. Lon. 105 47' E. Angermann-Aa, r. Sweden, falls into the gulf of Bothnia, at Hernosand. Lat. 62 32' N. Angcrmannland, district, Sweden, on the gulf of Bothnia, bounded N. W. by Bothnia, and Asele, or Angermannlands-Lappmark, S. by Medelpad, and W. by Jamtland. It belongs to Hernosand. Angermunde, t. in the grand dutchy of the Lower Rhine, 7 m. N. Dusseldorf. Angermvnde,t. Prussia, in the Ucker Mark of Brandenburg, 40 m. N. Berlin. Angers, city, France, ca . of the Maine and Loire, on the Mayenne. Slate quarries and minns of iron and coal, are found in the- neighbourhood. Here are manufactured stamine, camlet?, M-.-rgo and ether stuffs, hats, and leather. 22 i W. Tours, and 30 S. E. Rennes. Pop. 28,927. Anprrri/'f:, v. France, 9 leagues S. Versailles. .'Archer and Angerville la Martel,% . T: a nee, in Lower Seine. ran, t. Persia, in Irak, 60 m. S. S. E. Cas- 'i.ari,t Italy, in the grand dutchy of Tusca- n\" : HiiOiher, near the Adige. Anzhiera, t. Italy, on the Lago Maggiore, at the egr- of the Ticino, 30 m.N. W. Milan. Ann'iru, t. P.Tfcia, 30 m. W. Schiraz. !r>:a,r. Xaplos rises in Calabria Ultra, and run 1 , into the gulf of Eufemia, 8 m. N. Monte Leone. Lon. 10 28' E. Lat. 3847'N. A N G i, isl. in the gulf of Engia, on the coast of Greece. Lon. 23 22' E. Lat. 37 41' X. Anglade, t. France, 7 leagues N. Bordeaux. .-///-Am/, (.France, lv> leagues N. W. St. Flour. .-///i;V(, t. France, 10 leagues E.S. E. Poitiers. '/ />glt', t. France. 4 leagues W. Lucon. , or .'li/nle, t. France, 19 leagues W. Montj < :lier. Pop. 2,560. Anglesey, isl. and co. N. Wales, in the Irish sea, separated from the mainland by Menai strait, and containing 402 square miles. Its copper mines formerly yielded from 40,000 to 80,000 tons year- ly, employing 1500 miners ;' 12 or 15 years ago 1000 miners were employed ; but in 1809, only 600. Lead ore is found here ; and coal is obtained in considerable quantity. Grain and cattle are the chief products of Anglesey; 100,000 bushels of grain are exported in la vourable seasons. The island contains 77 parishes, 7,183 houses, and 37,045 inhabitants comprised in 7,706 families, of which 5,376 are occupied in agriculture, 1,453 in trade and manufactures. Anglesola, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 10 m. W. N. W. Cervera. Anglfsquficille, t. France, 7 leagues N. Rouen. Anglet, t. France, league W. S. W. Bayonne. Anglais, Cul de Sac, a secure harbour on the S. E. of Martinico island. .'/// <<;/, city in Chili, on the Biobio, destroyed by the incursions of the Araucanian Indians, 50 m. S. E. Conception. Angola, u^ tally described as a kingdom cfW. Africa, immediately S. of Congo, comprises in mercantile language, the whole coast, from Cape Lopez Gonsalvo, to St. Phelipe do Fenguela, or from 1 to 12 S. lat. It is resorted to for slaves. At St. Paul de Loango, 8^ S. lat. i the chief Portuguese establishment for supplying Brazil with negroes. The number annually transported does not fall short of 40,000. Angora, Angura, or Ankara, city, A. Turkey, in Natolia, surrounded by mountains. Shawls rival- ling those of Cashmere are fabricated of the hair of the Angora goat. It is long and of a silken texture. The goat affords 200 or 300 drams of it, and is shorn twice a-year. As the neighbouring territo- ry is more profitably employed in rearing these animals, the city is supplied from a distance with grain, but opium is extensively cultivated, and a great quantity of honey and wax is obtained. The population is variouslyestimated from 40,000 to 100,000. They consist of Mahometans and Christians ; the latter have a Greek and Ar- menian archbishop and 7 churches. 212 m. E. S. E. Constantinople. Lon 33 18' E. Lat. 40 4'N. Angostura, t. in New Grenada, on the Magda- lena, 140 m. N. Santa Fe de Bogota. Angoulf, r. Syria, flowing into the lake of Anti- och, 10 m. N. N. E. Antioch. Angouleme, city, France, on the Charente, 20 leagues N. N. E. Bordeaux. It is the capital of the department of the Charente. Pop. 14,745. This town gives the title of duke to a nephew of the present king of France. Angoumais, formerly a province of France, now forming part of the departments of the Charente, the Charente Inferieur, the Dordogne, and the Deux Sevres. Angoutchu, t. Tibet, 10 m. S. Dharmsaleh. Angoxa, r. in Mosambique, E. Africa, empties in lat. 1630'S. A N J ^n,ra,s-p.and cap. of Tercera, one of the Azores. It is the residence of the Portuguese local govern- ment. Lon. 27 1 4' W. Lat. 38 38' N. Angra de los Reyes, city, Brazil, in Rio Janeiro, 011 a small bay. Lon. 44 11' W. Lat. 23 4' S. Angrab, r. Abyssinia, rises near Gondar, and falls into the Tacazze. Angrie, t. France, in the Maine and Loire, 5 leagues W. N. W. Angers. Angrogne, a commune in the valley of Lucerne, in Piedmont, surrounded by lofty mountains, in many places inaccessible. It was the last retreat of the persecuted Waldenses. Angstoo, t. Tibet, 75 m. N. Jemlah. Angueah, district, Abyssinia, on a river of the same name, 50 m. E. Axum. Anguiluistra, isl. in the Mediterranean, near the E. coast of Sardinia. Lat. 40 1' N. Anguilla, or Snake Island, the most N. of the Caribbees, 10 leagues in length, and 3 in breadth. Its productions are tobacco, maize, and sugar. It is a flourishing Missionary station. Lat. 18 1^ N. Anguilia, one of the Bahama, islands. N. W. of this island is the Anguilla Bank, or Cayos de Los Paques. Lon. 78 50' W. Lat. 23 36' N. Anguillara, t. Italy, vicariate of Padua, near the Adige, 6 m. N. N. E. Rovigo. Pop. 2,860. Anguillara, v. Italy, at the outlet of Bracciamo, 12 m. N. W. Rome. Anguilk, Cape, on the W. coast of Newfound- land. Lat. 47 57' N. Angulty, t. Hind, in the Mysore, 32 m. E. Sera. Angunciada, t. Spain, in Old Castile, on the Ebro, S m. N. Calzada. Angus. See Forfar, County of. Angustrina, t. France, in the eastern Pyrenees, 6 leagues S. E. Ax. Anhalt, principality, Germany, bounded N. by the Mark of Brandenburg.E. by the dutchy of Sax- ony, S. W. by the county of Mansfeld, and N. W. by Brunswick, Halberstadt, and Magdeburg. It is 60 miles long and 12 to 16 broad ; containing 924 square miles, and 110,000 inhabitants. The country is level, and productive in corn, tobacco, and fruits. Cattle and wood form the chief arti- cles of export. The religion is the Calvinist. The entire revenue is at least 600,000 dollars, ex- clusive of the possessions of the Dessau branch in Prussia, Silesia, and other parts of Germany. The principal proprietors of Anhalt, are the heads of the houses of Bernburg, Dessau, and Kothen. Each of the three princes has full sovereignty over his respective domains. Anfiolt, isl. Denmark, in the Cattegat, between Lessoe and Zealand, surrounded by sand banks. Lon. 1 1 35' E. Lat. 56 38' N. Anholt, t. castle, and domain, Germany, be- tween Munster, Cleves, and Zutphen, on the Old Yssel, and belonging to the house of Salm, now occupied by Prussia, 90 m. E. Nimeguen. Anja, lake, Little Bukharia, 60 m. S. Hotun. Aniane, or St. Benoit, t. France, in Herault, 5$ leagues W. by N. Montpelier. Anian-Straits, between the N. E. point of Asia, and the N. W. point of America. Anjar, t. Syria, between Aleppo and Alexan- dria. Anicul, t. Hind, in Mysore, 18 m. S. Banga- lore. Anjengo t. and fort, Hind, in Travancore, at the mouth of a broad and deep river, 70 m. from Cape Comorin, 40 N. W. Travancore, ANN 43 Anjier, v. on the N. coast of Java, on a bay, 78 m. W. Batavia. Animally, or Animalaya, t. Hind. 18 m. S. Co- imbetoor, 35 VV. Daraporum. Lon. 77 3' E, Lat. 10 41' N. Aninsk, v. Russia, in Perm. Its copper-mine produces yearly about 250 tons of copper. Antoia, t. Naples, 13 m. S. Nicotera. Anjou, formerly a province of France, now di- vided among the departments of Lo ; re, Inferieure, Vendee, Indre and Loire, Sarthe, Ille and Vilaine, Mayenne, and Deux-Sevres. Aniva, or Tambaouora, bay at the S. extremity of the island Saghalin. Lon. 144 20' E. Lat. 46 10' N. Ankapilly, t. Hind. 5 m. N. E. Cossimcotta. Ankapilly, t. Hind. 20 m. W. Rajamundry. Anker, r. Eng. falls into the Tame, atTamworth, in Warwickshire. Ankerfield, v. Scotland, in Ross-shire, 4 m. S. Tain. Anklam, t. Germany, in Pomerania. Both its inland and maritime commerce are of considerable importance. 36m. S. S. E. Stralsund. Ankun, t. Germany, in Anhalt, near Zerbst. Anlezy, v. France, 6 leagues E. Nevers. Anmanta goody, t. Hind, in Marawar, 30 m. N, Ramanadporum, and 60 S. Tanjore. Annaburg, t. in the Prussian dutchy of Saxony, S. E. of Wirtemberg, 45 m. N. N. W. Dresden. Annagh, v. Ireland, Cork co. 5 m. from Charle* ville. Annagh, isl. on the W. coast of Ireland. Lat, 53 58' N. Annagh, isl. Ireland, in the Lough Conn, coun- try of Mayo, 8 m. from Killala. Annagh Nan, or Annachnan, isl. on the S. W. coast of Ireland, 22m. W Galway. Lon. 9 38' W. Lat 53 18' N. Annagoondy, or Bijanagur, city, Hind, on the N. bank of the Toombudra. Lon. 76 34' E. Lat. 15 14' N. See Bisnagur. Annah, t. Asiatic Turkey, on the Euphrates, 150 m. from Bagdad. Annamaboe, t. Africa, on the Gold coast, for- merly a great market for the slave trade. Annamooka, or Rotterdam, one of the Friendly Islands in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 174 31' W, Lat. 20 15' S. Annan, bor. and s-p. Scotland, Dumfrieshire, on the Annan, 14 m. from Dumfries. 56 S. Edin- burgh. It has a good harbour. Shipping 750 or 800 tons. Pop. 2,500. Annan, r. Scotland, runs into the Solway frith. Annandale, district, Scotland, Dumfrieshire, on the Annan. Annapolis, city, Ann-Arundel co. Md. on the S. bank of the Severn, 30m. S Baltimore, 40 E. N. E. Washington. Pop. about 2,000. It is the seat of the State government. The State-house is a, noble edifice, standing in the centre of the city. From this point the streets diverge in every direc- tion like the radii of a circle. Shipping in 1815, 2,553 tons. Annapolis, r. Nova Scotia, runs into the bay of Fundy. It is navigable for ships of any burthen 10 miles ; and 15 miles for those of 100 tons. Annapolis, co. Nova Scotia, on Annapolis river. Annapolis Royal, s-p. Nova Scotia, on the river and bay of Annapolis. The port is one of the finest in the world, from 5 to 18 fathoms deep, and large enough to contain several hundred ships, Lon, 65 22' W. Lat. 44 49' N, 44 ANT Annboar, p-v. Maury co. Ten. A).n-Arunde1, co. Md. on the W. side of Chesa- peake bay. Pop. 27,165, slaves, 10,301 ; enga- ged in agriculture, 8,084, in commerce, 120, in manufactures, 914. Chief t. Annapolis. Annecy, Sardinia, cap. of the Savoyese dutchy of Genevois, and after Chamberrv, the largest town of Savoy, is on Annecy lake, 30 m. S. Ge- neva. Lon. 5 57' E. Lat. 45 56' N. Pop. 5,130. Anncu2.in,v. France, dep. of the North, 3 leagues S. W. Lille. Pop. 1,500. Annobon, isl. Africa, on the coast of Congo, 300 m. W. Cape Lopez. Lon. 5 30' E. Lat. 1 32' S. Annondy, t. France, at the junction of the Cauce and Deume, famous for its manufactures of excellent paper. 12 leagues N. Privas. Lon. 6 50' E. Lat. 45 15' N. Pop. 5,800. Annone, t. Piedmont, in the district of Alessan- dria, on the Lanaro. Annot, t France, dep. of the Lower Alps, 8 leagues E. S. E. Digne. Lon. 6 49' E. Lat. 48 57' N. Pop. 1,030. Announah, or Annonay, t. Algiers, 32 m. E. Constantina. Annsburg, p-t. Washington co. Maine, 30 m. N. VV. Machias. Annsnlle, p-v. Dinwiddie co. Va. 55 m. S. Rich- mond. AnnsrUle, p-v. Athens co. Ohio. Annumiada, Point, on the W. coast of Africa. Lat. 15 30' S. Anoopshehr, t. Hind, in Delhi, on the Ganges, in lat. 28 21' N. Anorer, v. Spain, 12 m. N. E. Toledo. Ansauriller, v. France, in Oise, 7 leagues N. E. Beauvais. Amedonia, t. Italy, in the grand dutchy of Tus- cany. Ansga, t. Asiatic Turkey, 55 m. N. N. W. Diar- bekir. Anso, or Roera , -110,1111(11 t. on the N. W. coast of Santorin, 6 in. .V N.W. Scare. Lon. 2524' E. Lat. 36 38' N. Apassi, r. Circassia, runs into the Kuban, 75 m. E. Tumaii. Apasso, t. Mexico, 42 m. N. Mexico. Apatshinsk, t. in Kaintschatka, on the Bolschaia. Apchon, t. France, in Cantal, 12 m. N. St. Flour. Apee.) one of the New Hebrides, in the Pacific ocean, about 60 miles in circuit. Lon. 168 36' E. Lat. 16 42' S. Apelbo, t. Sweden, in Dalecarlia. Lon. 13 56' E. Lat. 60 28' N. Apelche, or Apelscebuel, t. Netherlands, West Friesland, 36 in. S. Leeuwarden. Apenburg, t. in the Mark of Brandenburg, 22 m. W. Stendal. Pop. 380. Lon. 12 23' E. Lat. 5240'N. Apennines. See Appennines. Apenrade, t. Denmark, in Sleswick, on an arm of the Baltic. Pop. 3,000. Lon. 9 26' E. Lat. 55 C 3' N. Apfeldstadt, r. Saxony, falls into the Gera at Molsdorf. Aphiom, or Ajium-Kara-hissar, t. Natolia, on the Marsyas, or Mindra, surrounded by walls, and defended by a castle. Manufactures are carried on here in woollen stuffs, particularly carpets \ also in chintzes, and fire-arms ; but the staple commodity is opium. A pacha of two tails resides here, and the town is the ordinary resort of the caravans from Constantinople and Smyrna. Pop. estimated at 60,000. 56 m. S. Kutayeh, 162 E. Smyrna. Lon. 30 26' E. Lat. 38 46' N. Apice^ t. Naples, in the principato Citra, 7 m. E. S. E. Benevento. Apiochama, r. of Peru, runs N. of La Paz, into the Beni. Aploga, L in Whidah, on the Slave coast of Af- rica, near the Euphrates. Apo, one of the 'Philippine islands, between Mindoro and the Calamianes. Lon. 123 10' E. Lat. 9 23' N. The Skoals extend 28 m. in length from N. to S. and 8 in breadth. Lon. 120 36' E. Lat. 12 27' N. Apolabamba, province, Peru, in La Paz, N. of Larecaja. Pop. 30,000, chiefly civilized Indians. Chief t. St. Antonio de A ten. Apolda, t. Germany, in the grand dutchy of Saxe- Weimar. It belongs to the university of Je- na. Here are extensive stocking works, which employ above 2,500 persons, who manufacture yearly about 40,000 dozen pairs. Pop. 4,000. 40 m. S. W. Leipsic. Lon. 1 1 30' E. Lat. 50 56' N. Apollonia, kingdom, Africa, on the Gold coast, comprehending the whole of the coast W. of the river Ancobra. It stretches about 100 miles along the coast, and 20 inland. The coast is flat, has no creeks or harbors, and the sea breaks with such violence as to render the approach dangerous. Apoquinimink, creek, Newcastle co. Delaware, iuns into Delaware bay 2 m. below Reedy island. Apoquinimink, hundred, Newcastle co. Dela- ware. Pop. 3,388. Apalacltes, Indians, 50 in number, on the Bayou Rapide. Apostola Thadeia, cape, on the E. coast of Sibe- ria, at the W. end of the gulf of Anadyr. Loa* 178 14' E. Lat. 63 N. Apostates, a mission of the Jesuits in Paraguay, between the rivers Parana and Uraguay. APR Apostates, islands, in the strait of Magellan. Lon. 75 6' W. Lat. 52" 34' S. Appalachia. See St. Marks. Appalachicola, r. Florida, is formed by the June* tion of Chatahoochee and Flint rivers and empties into St. George's Sound, the W. part of Apalachy bay. Appalachicliola, t. East Florida, on the above river, 100m. N. E. Pensacola. Appanaig-PoUaak, t. Hind, in Barramaul, 9m. S. S. W. Darempoory. Appddoorn, t. Dutch Guelderland, 13 m. N. W. Zutpen. Pop. 2,670. Appennines, a chain of mountains in Italy, which begins near mount Appio, one of the maritime Alps in the territory of Genoa, and after running for a considerable way to the E. traverses Italy in its whole length, from N. to S. When near the end of its course, it separates into two branches, one of which advances S. E. to the Capo di Leuca in the Terra di Otranto, and the other W. to the strait of Messina. Appensell, canton, in the N. E. part of Switzer- land, environed on all sides by that of St Gall. It contains 326 sq. miles, and 45,000 inhabitants. It is divided into two parts, one of which is Catholic, and the other Calvinist. Each of these divisions has its own constitution and magistrates, and is entirely independent of the other. The form of government is pure democracy. Appenzell, chief v. in the above canton, is on the Sitter, 40 m. E. Zurich. Pop. 3,000. Appeville, t. France,? leagues W. S. W. Rouen. Pop. 1,500. Appiane, t. Italy, in the Lombardo- Venetian kingdom, 6 m. S. W. Como. Appidamischken, t. Prussia, 9 m. S. E. Gum- binnen. Appignano, t. in Ancona, 18 m. S. S. W. An- cona. Appin, district of Scotland, Argyle co. compris- ing a parish and town of the same name, and the island of Lismore. Appingadam, v. of the Netherlands, in Gronin- gen. Pop. 1,600. Appleby, bor. and t. Eng. Westmorelandshire. 10 m. fr. Penrith. Pop. 2,160. Applecreek, p-v. St. Genevieve co. Missouri. Appledore, s-p. Eng. Devonshire, on Barnstaple bay, at the mouth of the Taw and Towridge, 2$ m. fr. Bideford. Appleton, t. Eng. in Lancashire, united with Widness. 3 m. fr. Prescott. Pop. 1,204, Appleton, p-t. Lincoln co. Maine, 35 m. N. E. Wiscasset, in which is Montville post-omce. Pop. 511. Appling, co. Geo. Pop. 1,262. Slaves 78 ; engaged in agriculture 430. Applet ree-grove, p-v. Amelia co. Va. Applington, t. and cap. Columbia co. Geo. Appamalox, r. Va. a S. branch of James river, empties at City point. There are falls at Peters- burgh, 12 miles above its mouth, around which there is a canal, which has opened the navigation for 80 miles above that city. Appoy, t, Ardra, on the borders of Dahomey, in Africa. Approbaque, or Approback, r. S. America, in Cayenne, enters the sea near Cape Orange. Aprcmont, t. France, on the Vic, dep. of the Vendee, 6 leagues N. Sables d'Olonne. Aprcy, v. France, in the Upper Majrae, 9 leagues S. Chaumont, A Q U J/mcena, t. Naples, on Mount Gargano, in Ca- pitanata. Pop. 3,640. Aprigliano, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, 7 m. S. E. Cosenza. Aprio, t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, on the La- rissa, 10m. E. Trajanopolis. Apsa, or Aapsala. t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, 18 m. S. E. Adrianople. Apsheron. See Absharon. Apt) t. France, on the Calavon, dep. of the Vaucluse, 10 leagues N. Aix, and 10i E. Avignon. Pop. 4,621. Aptavantai, mountain of Chinese Mongolia, S. of lake Konen. Apui, r. Guiana, enters the Arvi. Apulia, or Puglia, the name of the country comprised in the three Neapolitan provinces of Bari, Otranto, and Capitanata, which extend along the W. shore of the Adriatic. The great wealth of this country lies in its pastures, those belonging to the crown being so extensive as to feed about a million of sheep. Apure, r. S. America, rises in New Granada, in one of the ridges that diverge from the eastern chain of the Andes, and after running in an-easter- ly course for 500 miles, and receiving numerous tributaries from Venezuela, falls by several mouths into the Orinoco. The inhabitants of the southern part of Venezuela, are induced, by the easy means of conveyance afforded by this river, to send their coffee, cotton, and indigo, to Guiana, instead of carrying them on the backs of mules to Caraccas or to Porto Cabello. Aquackanock, p-t. Essex co. N. J. 10 m. above Newark, on Passaic river. The Passaic is naviga- ble to this place for small boats. Pop. 3,338. Aquaforte, settlement, on the E. coast of New- foundland. Lon. 52 33' W. Lat. 47 5' N. Aquamboe ^kingdom, in the interior of the Gold coast of Africa, separated from Aquapim, by the Rio Volta. Aquapim, kingdom, in the interior of the Gold coast of Africa, immediately behind Acra, and W. of the Fantee country. Aquaquati, r. New Granada, enters the sea at the bay of Mandinga. Aquelaon, one of the most easterly of the Lac- oadive islands. Lon. 73 26' E. Lat. 10 44' N. Aqueli, r. Quito, flows into the Ucayale. Aqui, or Aquita, t. Japan, in the S. part of Ni- phon. Aquia, p-t. Stafford co. Va. 42 m. S. W. Wash- ington, 80 N. E. Richmond, on Aquia creek, which f-mpties into the Potomac. Here are extensive quarries of free-stone, of which the Capitol and President's house at Washington are built. Aquiavilco, r. Mexico, in Vera Cruz, runs into the gulf of Mexico, W. of the Alvarado. Lat. 183aN. Aquigny, t. France, near the conflux, of the Eure and Iton, dep. of the Eure, 3m. fr. Louviers. Pop. 1,500. Aquila, isl. off the E. coast of Minorca. Aquila, city, Naples, inAbruzzo Ultra. It was once an important barrier fortress ; but the works arc all demolished, except a small fort. The French troops forced its gates on the 16th Decem- ber, 1798. 50 m. N. E. Rome, 93 N. Naples. Pop. 13,615. Aquileia, t. in the Austrian dominions, former- ly one of the largest and strongest cities in the Ro- man empire ; but now a common country town, containing only a few scattered buildings. It is A R A 47 now included in the Lombardo-Venetian king- dom. 20 m. S. Friuli. Lon. 13 25' E. Lat. 45 51' N. Aquin, t. St. Domingo, 46 m. W. Jaquemel. Aquire, r. Guiana, enters the Orinoco at its widest mouth. Ara, r. Spain, in Catalonia, rises in the Pyren- ees, and falls into the Segre. Another in Arragon, runs into the Cinca at Ainsa. Araba, r. Persia, flows into the Arabian sea. Lon. 65 40' E. Lat. 25 30' N. Araban, t. A. Turkey, in Orfa, on the Khabur, 76 m. S. E. Orfa. Lon. 40 E. Lat. 36 20' N. Arabat, t. Russia, on the N. E. of the Crimea, 60 m. S. E. Perekop. Arabasari,t.A. Turkey, in Caramania, 16m. N. E. Alamek. Arab-Hissar, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, 38 m. N. W. Mogla. Arabia, an extensive country in the S. W. of Asia, bounded S. by the Indian ocean, W. by the Red sea, E.by the gulf of Persia, and N. by Syr- ia and the river Euphrates. Lon. 33 to 59 E. Lat. 12 to 34 N. Length from the N. E. ex- tremity on this river to Cape Babelmandel, 1,500 miles. Breadth on the southern coast, from the mouth of the Red sea to the Persian gulf, 1,200 miles ; between Bassorah and Suez, 900. Square miles 1,030,000. Pop. estimated at 10 or 12,000,- 000. The whole interior is an immense desert of burning sands, interspersed with some few fertile spots, which appear like islands in a desolate ocean. A hot and pestiferous wind called the Si-, moon, frequently blows over the desert, and in- stantly suffocates the unwary traveller ; and whole caravans are sometimes buried by moving clouds of sand raised by the wind. The edges of the country on the sea coast contain some flourishing provinces and settlements ; but in all parts they suffer for want of water, there being no river of any consequence in all Arabia, and no rain for months, and sometimes a year, together. Arabia is commonly divided into three parts : Arabia Fe- lix, or happy Arabia, bordering on the Persian gulf, the Indian ocean and the southern part of the Red sea ; Arabia Pelraea, or Stony Arabia, lying on the Red sea north of Arabia Felix ; and Arabia Deserta, or the Desert, including all the interior and northern parts of the country. Among the A- rabians these names are not known : that which we call Arabia Deserta, they call Nedsjed ; Ara- bia Petraea is denominated Hedjas ; and Arabia Felix is divided into the kingdoms of Yemen, Om- an and Lachsa. All the towns are near the coast. The principal are Mecca, the birth-place of Ma- homet, Medina, which contains the tomb of Ma- homet, Jidda, Mocha, Sana, and Mascat. The Arabic language is one of the most extensively diffused in the world. It is spoken not only in Arabia, but in Syria, Persia, Tartary, part of In- dia, and of China, half of Africa, all the sea coast of the Mediterranean, and Turkey. The religion is Mahometanism. The Arabs of the desert are called Bedouins. They are a roving, lawless race of robbers, who traverse the country in troops on horseback, and plunder travellers and caravans ; yet they have some noble qualities. They are hospitable and generous, and if- a Bedouin Arab consents to eat bread and salt with a guest, he would not for the world betray him. Arabia is governed by numerous petty chiefs called imams, emirs, or sheiks, most of whom are elected by the people, and must consult them in all important 48 A R A A R A transactions. The Arabs are a people of great spirit and valor, and resolute in defence of their liberty. They alone of all Asiatic nations have never been subdued. The most remarkable ani- mal is the camel, which is wonderfully fitted by Providence for traversing the hot and parched de- sert. He can travel 6 or 8 days without water, and usually carries 800 pounds upon his back, which is not taken off during his journey. When weary he kneels down to rest, and sleeps with his load upon his back. His feet are made of a hard fleshy substance, well fitted to resist the heat of the sands. The Arabian horses are the best in the world. They are swift yet docile, and will live whole days without food, and bear incredible fa- tigue. The inland trade of Arabia as well as of Persia, Turkey, Tartary, and Africa, is carried on principally by caravans, consisting of large com- panies of merchants, travellers and pilgrims, who march with their camels over the sandy deserts. They carry their provisions and drink with them. Their water is carried in skins by the camels. They go armed, and travel in company to defend themselves from the wandering Arabs. Arabian Sea, the ancient Erythrcean Sea, be- tween the Persian gulf and the Indian ocean ; bounded N. by Persia, E. by Hindoostan, S. by the Indian ocean, and W. by Arabia. Arabian Islands, 2 small islands in the Mediter- ranean, near the coast of Egypt, 7 m. S. W. Alex- andria. Lon. 30 6' E. Lat. 31 7' N. Arubkir, t. A. Turkey, in Siwas, on a branch of the Euphrates, 100 m. E. Siwas, 80 S. W. Erze- rum. Arabog,s-p. Arabia, on the Red sea, Lat.2231'N. Aracari, t. S. America, on the Rio Negro. Lat. 26 20' S. Aracati-Assu, r. Brazil, runs into the Atlantic. Lou. 41 16' W. Lat. 3 5' S. Aracati-Merim, r. Brazil, runs into the Atlantic. Lon. 41" 16' W. Lat. 3 1' S. Aracay, or Aracas, r. enters the Orinoco oppo- site Ciudad Real. Aracena, t. Spain, in Andalusia, in the Sierra Morena, 30 m. N. N. W. Seville. Arachova, t. Eu. Turkey, in Livadia, 6 m. N. Salona. Araclea. See Herakli. Araco, r. Chili, runs into the Pacific ocean. Lat. 27 9' S. Arad-Varmegye, county, Hungary, 48 m. long, and from 9 to 14 broad. It has 6 market towns, 41 villages, 6 Catholic, and 42 Greek parishes. Pop. with the county of Sarand, 184,547. Arad, Old, t, Hungary, on the Marosch, cap. of Arad county. Near it is the castle of Arad, now in ruins. Here is held the chief cattle market in the kingdom, which is frequented by drovers from Vienna, and other parts of Germany. 24 m. N. Teme?war, and 195 S. E. Presburg. Pop. 3,700. Arad, New, is also on the Marosch, about 2i m. from the old town, on the opposite side of the river. Lon. 21 tf E. Lat. 46 1 1' N. Arad, or Ennebbi Sulwcli/t., one of the Bahhrein islands, in the gulf of Persia. Aradi, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, 10 m. N. W. Katsamoni. Arafat, Mount, Arabia, 15 m. S. E. Mecca, held in veneration by the Mahomet;) m<, and one prin- cipal object of their pilgrimages to that city. Arajaxa, t. Sweden, in VVest Bothnia, on the Tornea, 32 m N. Tornea. t. South America, in Cumana. Also a river of Paraguay. Araguaya, r. Brazil, in Para, enters the Toccan- tins. . Iru^uaya, r. Brazil, separates the province of Mat to G rosso from that of Goiaz, and runs into the Toccantins in lat. 6 S. Araguila, Santo ^Domingo dc, t. Caraccas, in Cumana, 3 leagues S. E. New Barcelona. Aragwi, the Arragon of the ancients, r. Georgia, falls into the Kur near Teflis. Arahal, v. Spain, in Andalusia, 27 m. E. N. E. Seville. Araiche, el, or Larache, s-p. Morocco, at the mouth of the river El Kos. It was formerly a town of considerable trade, but in 1780 the empe- ror Seedy Mahomed issued orders for all Europe- ans to quit the town, and it has ever since remain- ed shut against them. The emperor's larger ves- sels generally winter here. Pop. 3,000. Lat. 35 11' N. Arakeery, t. Hind, in Mysore, 8 m. fr. Seringa- patam. Aral, lake, in independent Tartary, about 150 m. long and 60 broad. The water is salt, and it receives many rivers, one of which is the Oxus, after a course of 950 miles. It has no outlet, yet it does not overflow its banks. Aram, t. Arabia, 38 m. N. E. Chamir. Aramaghaneh, t. Persia, with a fort, on Azerbi- jan. Aramascheva, t. Siberia, 90 m. S. Tobolsk. Aramits, t. France, in the Lower Pyrenees. Pop. 1 ,050. 9 leagues S. W. Pau. Aramo, t. and fort, Chili, near the Pacific, 30 m. S. La Conception. Aranwnt, t. France, on the Rhone, in the Gard, 5 leagues E. by N. of Nismes. Pop. 2,200. Arampali, t. Hind, in Madura, formerly cele- brated for its manufactures, employing 2000 looms. Aran, t. Persia, in Irak, 100 m. N. Ispahan. Aranas, r. Spain, runs into the Agra, 2 m. below Pampeluna. A ranee, v. France, in the Ain, 7 leagues S. E. Bourg. Aranda de Duero, t. on the Duero, Spain, in Burgos, 35 m. S. Burgos, and 90 N. Madrid. Pop. 3,500. Aranda deEbro, t. and castle, Spain, in Arragon, on the Xalon, 19m. N. W. Calatayud. Arandon, v. France, in the Isere, 14 leagues N. by E. Grenoble. Arandore,L Ceylon, 22 m. S. S. W. Candy. A rang, t. on the E. coast of Borneo. Lon. 1 16 6 30' E. Lat. 133'S. Aranha, t. Portugal, in Estremadura, 12 m. N. E. Leyria. Aranjues, t. and royal palace, Spain, on the Tugu,'30 m. S. Madrid. During part of the year it is the residence of the court. The town is built in conformity to a model laid down by gov- ernment, who make over lots of ground to those who undertake to build according to the prescri- bed plan. Broad and parallel streets, with fine pavement?, intersect each other at right angles. Tin- houses are two stories high, painted white, with green doors and window-shutters, and double rows of trees planted before them. The high road from Aranjue/ to Madrid is constructed on the modfl of thr undent Roman roads, and each mile is said to have cost 33,2501. sterling. Pop. of A R A the town during the residence of the court, about Arannos, i. in Spanish Navarre, 9 m. from St. Estevan. Aranta, port in Peru, 60 m. S. W. Arequipa. Aranyos, Great and Little, two rivers in Tran- sylvania, unite at St. Kirati, and flow into the Marosch, above St. Emmerick. Araparipucu, t. Brazil, on an arm of the Ama- zon, 170m. W. S. W. Para. Arapecuma, r. Guiana, runs S. into the Amazon near the straits of Paxis. Arupijo, t. Brazil, in Para, on the Amazon, 18 m. W. S. W. Curupu. Arapvcu, r. Brazil, in Para, enters the Amazon at its mouth. Araques, t. Spain, in Arragon, 12 m. N. N. W. Jaca. Araquil, t. Spain, in Navarre, 13 m. W. Pampe- luna. Ararat, a lofty mountain of Armenia, 60 m. S. E. Erivan. It is venerated by the Armenians, from a belief that Noah's ark rested on it. Height 9,500 feet. Ararat, or Pilot Mt. N. C. on the N. side of Yadkiu r. near Salem. It rises like a pyramid, several thousand feet high, with an area of an acre on the top, from which it shoots up like a steeple 300 feet high, and 100 in diameter at the base, and terminates in a flat surface. It is seen at 70 miles distance ; and served the Indians for a beacon or pilot in their routes. Arari, r. Brazil, in Para, runs S. into the Atlan- tic, opposite the island of Tamarca. Arariba, r. Brazil, enters the sea near Pernam- buco. Aras, or Eris, t. Persia, in Schirvan, 50 m. N. Schamaghie, 130 m. S. S. E. f eflis. Aras,or A raxes, r. A. Turkey, which rises about 20 m. S. of Erzerum, flows through the whole of Armenia and joins the Kur at Kalagail, in Ion. 48 30' E. Lat. 40 5' N. It is wider than the Kur, being 1 ,000 feet across. A rasa, mountain, Arabia, in Hedsjas, S. E. Mecca. Araseng, t. Persia, in Irak, 30 m. S. Casbin. Arassie, t. Italy, in the territory of Genoa, now belonging to Piedmont. Here travellers hire ves- sels for different ports of Italy. 5 m. S. W. Al- benga. Lat. 44 4' N. Arathapescow. See Athapescoic. Araticu, r. Para, in Brazil, flows into the Ama- zon at its mouth. Aratura, r. S. America, rises in the mountains of Itamaca, and enters the mouth of the Orinoco, on the S. bank. It is navigable about 10 leagues. Arau, t. Switzerland, in the canton of Aargau. on the Aarau. It has manufactures of linen, cot- ton, and silk. It has been commonly chosen for the general assembly of the protestant cantons, and was at different times the seat of the Helvetic government. Lon.757'E. Lat. 47 23' N. 30 m. N. N. E. Berne. Pop. 2,400. Aravacourchy. See Arrii'-acourchy. Aravjca, r. in Caraccas, S. America, falls into the Apure r. near its junction with the Orinoco. Arauranians, a barbarous nation of Indians in Chili, who inhabit the country between the rivers Biobio and Valdivia, and between the Andes and sea, extending from 36 44' to 39 50 7 of S. lat. They are enthusiastically attached to their inde- pendence, and are the implacable enemies of the Spaniards, who have never been abte to subject ARC 49 them. For two centuries a succession of wars has been carried on between them and the Spaniard?, interrupted only by occasional treaties. Aravita,t. Spain, 40m. E.Cordova. Araure, city, S.America, in Venezuela, on the Acarigua, N.N.E. Truxillio. Amwari, r. S. America, in Guiana, falls into the Atlantic. By the peace of 1801, it was made the boundary between French and Portugese Gui- ana. Arauill, t. Hind, in Candeish, 6 m. S. E. Chu- prah. Araxa, r. Spain, runs into the Orio atTolosa. A raxes. See Aras. Araxi, r. Brazil, in Paraiba, flows into the Mon- gagnaba. A ray, or Aorcidh, r. Scotland, Argyle co. falls into the sea at the head of Loch Fyne. Araya, Santiaga de, point, New Grenada on the coast of. Cumana, where there are salt works. Lon. 6420'W. Arasa, r. Peru, rises in the Andes of Cuchoa, in Pomabamba, and falls by various mouths into the Amazon. Arbaejn,i. Arabia, 12 m. N. Zebid. Arbe, or Arba, isl. in the gulf of Quarnero, in the Adriatic, about 30 m. in circuit. Pop. 4,000. Arba, the chief town, contains 1,400 inhabitants. Arbeca, t. and castle, Spain, in Catalonia, 10 m< E. Lerida. Arbegen, t. Transylvania, 7 m. N. Stoltzenberg. Arbestaal,i. Austria, 5 m. N. Brugg. Arbica, t. Spain, in Navarre, 30 m. W. N. W. Pampeluna. Arbil. See Erbil. Arbilot, v. Scotland, in Forfar co. on the sea- coast. Its mineral well is resorted to successfully in rheumatic and scorbutic cases. Pop. 1,014. Arbis, v. France, in the Gironde, 7 leagues S. F. Bordeaux. Arboga, t. Sweden, in Westmannland. Pop. 1,200. It stands on a navigable river, and a canal connects it with Stockholm, and with Orebo. The chief objects of trade are saddlery and iron. 65 m. W. Stockholm. Arboi. E. Penichc. Pop. 1,300. Atyaque, r. Mexico, falls into the Pacific, in 18 ;\t lat. Oa it is the natural bridge Ponti di Du; over wiilcii coaches and carriages conven- iently pass, luO:n S. E. Mexico. Atratv, : . Darien, rises in the mountains of Cho- co, and running from S. to N. more than 95 leagues, falls into the gulf of Darien in Lon. 77 6' W. Lat. r#N. Airi, or Atria, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra, 28 m. N. E. Aquila. Alsm, v. Gloucester co. N. J. 60 m. S. E. Phila- delphia. Aiiacoor, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 30 m. N. N. W. Vellore. Atiukapas, co. Louisiana, on the gulf of Mexico, \V. of the Atchafalaya. Chief t. Franklin. Pop. 12,063 ; slaves, 5,707 ; engaged in agriculture, 1,643; in commerce. 167 ; in manufactures, 107. Altakapas, p-t. Attakapas district, Louisiana. Attukktni, t. A. Turkey, in Natoha, 44 m. N.W. Eregri. Attuncala, t. Hind. 67 m. N. W. Cape Comorin. Attancourt, v. France, on the Biaise. in Upper Marne, 1 1 leagues S. E Chaions-sor-Marne. Atlarijj, v. Upper Egypt, 30 m. S. Girge. Attdlara, or Atdlati, r. Sicily, runs into the Mediterranean, between Syracuse and Cape Pas- saro. Attendorn, t. Prussian Westphalia, 45 m. E. N. E.Cologne. Pop. I,i98. Altenhove, t. Netherlands, 3 m. N. E. Landen. Attercliffe,t. Eng. Yorkshire, l^m. S. E. Shef- Beld. Pop. 2,673. Attersee, lake, Austria, circle of Hausruck. Atttry, r. Eng. runs into the Tamar near Laun- ceston. Attica, p-t. Geneseeco. N.Y. 12 m. S. Batavia. Pop. 1,519. Attichy, t. France, on the Aisne, in Oise, 4 leagues N. N. W. Soissons. Atligny, t. France, in Ardennes, on the Aisne, 1 1 leagues N. E. Rheims. Attleborovgh, t. Eng. Norfolk co. Pop. 1,413. 12m. from Thetford and Norwich. Atlkborough, p-t. Bristol co. Mass. 29 m. S,. W. Boston, 9 N. Providence. Pop. 3,055. Attkborough, p-t. Bucks co. Pa. 20 m. N. E. Phil- adelphia. Attkbury, p-v. Dutchess co. N. Y. 63 m. S. Al- bany. Altock, or Attock Benaras, t. and fort on the E. bank of the Indus, in Ion. 71" 15' E. lat. 33 6' N. Atued,i. Sweden, in East Gothland, 18m. S. E. Lidkopirig. A lures, Falls of, in the Orinoco, about 100 miles from its mouth. Atwater, t. Portage co. Ohio, on Cuyahoga riv- er, 15 m. W. Ravenna. Pop. 320. Atwood's Keys, islands among the Bahamas. Lon. 73 40' W. Lat. 23 8' N. Atybach, v. Germany, in Nassau-Weilburg, be- tween Giessen and Wetzlar. Pop. 5,000 Au, t. Bavaria, in Iser, 12 m. N. W. Mosburg. Pop. 4,974. Au, or Aubach, r. Bavaria, rises near Ober- Mennichau, and running through Thurnau, joins the Maine 4 miles below. Ata. See Birman Empire. Ava, orAungwa, the ancient capital of the Bir- mwi empire. It is now deserted, the seat of gov- A U B 65 ernment having been transferred to Umrapora, 4 miles distant. Lat. 21 51' N. Lon. 95 58' E. Aval. See Bahhrein Islands. Avalon, peninsula, the S. E. corner of New- foundland, joined to the island by a neck of land between Placencia and Trinity bays. Avalon, t. France, in Yonne, on the Cousin, Pop. 4,200; 20 leagues W. Dijon. Avary, t. France, in Loir-and-Cher, 12 m. N. E. Blois. Avatscha, bay, on the E. coast of Kamtschatka, into which the Avatschka and Paratounka or II- mitsch empty. It is about 25 miles in circumfer- ence, its entrance is 4 miles long, and 2 or 3 wide, Lon. 158 49' E. Lat. 52 51' N. Avaux, t. France, in Ardennes, on the Aisne, near Rheims. Pop. 1,500. Aub, or Auw, t. Bavaria, on the Gollach, 17 m, S. VV urtzburg, Aabagne, t. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone. Pop. 5,600. 17 leagues N. W. Aix. Aubais, t. France, in Card, 10 m, S. W. Nismes. Aube, r. France, rises in the department of Up- per Marne, and fails into the Seme, a few miles above Nogent-sur-Seine. Aube, a department of France, bounded N. by Marne, E. by Upper Marne, S. E. by Cote d'Or, S. W. by Yonne, and N. W. by Seine and Marne. Sq.m. 2,464. Pop. in 1815, 223,819. The capital is Troyes. A ubel, v. Netherlands, in Limburg, near Dar- theim. Pop. above 3,000. Anbenas, t. France, on the Ardeche, 5 leagues S. W. Privas. Pop. 3,315. Aubenton, t. France, on the Aube, in Aisne, 6 leagues S. W. Rocroy. Pop. 1,100. Auberg, t. Upper Austria, on the Danube, oppo- site Lintz. Auberive, t. France, in Marne, 6 leagues E. Rheims. Auberive, v. France, in Isere, 17 leagues W. Grenoble ; another in Upper Marne, 8 leagues S. Chaumont. Aubert Gallion, seigniory, Buckingham and Dorchester cos. Lower Canada, on the Chaudiere, 55 m. S. E. Quebec. Aubderre, t. France, on the Drone, in Charente, 9 leagues S. Angouleme. Aubette, r. France, joins the Seine near Rouen. Aubiers, t. France, in Deux-Sevres, 16 leagues N. Niort. Pop. 2,200. Aubignan, t. France, 5 leagues N. E. Avignon. Pop. 1,320. Aubigne, t. France, 5 leagues from La Fleche. Aubigny, or Amgny,,i. France, in Cher, on the Nesse, 14 leagues S. E. Orleans. Pop. 2,550. Aubigny, t. France, in Pas de Calais, 2i leagues W. Arras ; another in Loire and Cher, 7 leagues S. Orleans. Aubin, t. Switzerland, 8 m. S. S. W. Neuf- chatcl. Aubonne, t. Switzerland, inVaud, 11 m. W. $. W. Lausanne. Pop. 1,600. Auburn. See Albourne. Auburn, p-v. and cap. Cayuga co. N. Y. in the township of Aurelius, at the outlet of Owasco lake, 170 m. W. Albany, on the great western turn- pike. This village has increased with great ra- pidity. In 1810, it contained only about 100 houses ; in 1820 the population was 2,233. Among the public buildings are a court-house, a jail, w 9 A V E A U G market-house, a state-prison, large enough to con- tain 1,000 convicts ; a Theological Seminary, and 3 churches, 1 each for Methodists, Presbyterians and Episcopalians. It contains also numerous manufactures. The Presbyterian Theological Seminary is under the care of the Synod of Gene- va. It has 3 professors, 1 of Biblical Criticism and Oriental Literature, 1 of Ecclesiastical History and Church Government, and 1 of Sacred Rheto- ric. The institution commenced in 1819. The number of students in 1321 was 13. Auburn, t. Susquehannah co. Pa. Pop. 218. Auburn, t. Geauga co. Ohio. Pop. 215. Auburn, t. Richmond co. Ohio. Aubusson, t. France, on the left bank of the Creuse, 16 leagues S. E. Limoges. Pop. 3,520. Auch, or A usch, t. France, in Gers. Here are manufactures of serge and of the coarse woollens called barat ; also tanneries. Pop. 8,800. 16 leagues W. Toulouse. Auchterarder, t. Scotland, in Perthshire. Pop. of the parish, 2,508. 15 m. S. S. W. Perth. Auchtermuchty, t. Scotland, in. Fifeshire. Pop. 2,403. 9 in. W. Cupar. Auchy, t. France, on the Authie, in Pas de Ca- lais, 8 leagues S. E. Montreuil. Pop. 2,000. Aucland, Bislwps, t. Eng. Durham co. Pop. 1,807. 12 m. S. S. W. Durham. Auckland,!.. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, 85 m. S. E. Three-Rivers. Auckland, West, t. Eng. Durham co. Aude, r. France, rises in the eastern Pyrenees, and empties N. E. of Narbonne, into lake Vendres, which communicates with the Mediterranean. A tide, a department of France, bounded N. E. by Herault, N. by Tarn, E. by the Mediterranean, S" by eastern Pyrenees, and W. by Arriege. Pop. 240,993. The capital is Carcassonne. Audene, isl. in the North sea, 30 miles long and 10 broad, 40 m. from Norway. Lat. 60 12' N. Audenge, t France, 7 leagues W. S. W. Bour- deaux. Audierne, t. France, in Finisterre, 7 leagues W. Quimper. Audincourt, v. France, on the Doubs, 4 m. E. S. E. Montbelliard. Audrieu, or Andrieu, t. France, in Calvados, 3 leagues W. Caen. Audruick, t. France, 4 leagues S. E. Calais. Pop. 2,032. Audun-le-Roman, v. France, in Moselle, 4 leagues S. E. Longwy. Aue, t Saxony, in Schwartzenburg, on the Mul- da, 10 m. S. E. Zwickau. Aue, r. Hanover, joins the Gosche near Ilien- worth, to form Medem river ; another in Holstein, runs into the Elbe. It is navigable to Elmshorn ; another falls into the Weser ; another falls into the Seine, near Blumenau. Ave, r. Portugal, falls into the Atlantic, N. Oporto. Avebury. See Abury. Avegos, t. Portugal, in Beira, 16 m. S. W. La- mego. Aveiras de Baixas, t. Portuguese Estremadura, 15 m. S. W. Santarem. Aveiras de Cuina, L Portuguese Estremadura, J2 m. S. W. Santarem. Aveiro, t. Portugal, in Beira. Pop. 7,000. 33 m. S. Oporto. Avetghem, i. Netherlands, near Courtrai. Pop. 3,350. t. Naples, in Terra di Lavora, 15 m. E. Naples. Ardlino, t. Naples, in Principato Ultra, 25 m. E. Naples. It is the see of a bishop. Pop. 9,000. Ai-tn, r. France, falls into the sea, S. E. Brest. Ar,;nti/, t. France, in Marne, 15 m. VV. N. W. Chalons-sur-Marne. Avench.es, or ll'ifllis, t. Switzerland, 18m. S. W. Berne. Auer, r. Lithuania, runs into the Aregel, 12 m. W. Insterburg. Auerbactt, t. in the Saxon part of Vogtland, 60 m. VV. S. W. Dresden. Pop. 2,000. Avernakoe, isl. Denmark, near the S. coast of Fyen. Lon. 10 18' E. Lat. 55 2' N. Averno,La about about 14. Sclavonia, i 135,000 11,000,000 15. Dalmatia, } Total in round numbers, 270,000 28,000,000 The seven countries first named in the above ta- ble, constitute the German part of the Austrian empire. The governments of Milan and Venice are the Italian parts, and form what is called the Lombardo- Venetian kingdom. Galicia was taken from Poland, and bears the title of kingdom of Ga- licia. The population is composed principally of four great races, in the following order : Sclavonians, 11, 750,000, Germans 5,000,000, Italians 5,000,000, Hungarians 4,200,000. There are besides, 1,400,- 000 Wallachians, 420,000 Jews, and a few Arme- nians. This population occupy 758 cities, 2,000 market towns, 67,644 villages, and 4,192,834 houses. The annual revenue is estimated at about 60,000,000 dollars. The public debt before the French revolution, was $90,000,000 ; in 1805, more than $350,000,000 ; and now more than $650,000,000.. The army on the peace establish- ment consists of 220,000 infantry, 36,000 cavalry, with about 15,000 artillery. For the protection of trade, a few frigates and other armed vessels are kept up on the Adriatic ; while on the Da- nube, towards the Turkish frontier, are stationed the vessels called tschaiken, manned by about 1,000 soldiers and seamen. The government is an absolute monarchy. In Hungary, however, the nation shares the legisla- tive, and even the executive power with the em- peror ; the Tyrolese possess, to a certain degree, the same privileges. Austrian Italy was erected into a kingdom by an edict of the emperor in 1815, and though inseparable from the Austrian empire, it has a separate constitution, at the head of which is a prince of the imperial family, with the title of Viceroy. Galicia bears the title of kingdom, and is governed by a Viceroy ; and in 1817 a liberal constitution was published, and a representative government established. Bohemia and Mora via have each an assembly of states or representatives, but their power is merely nominal. The admin- istration of the whole empire centres in Vienna, and is composed of a number of boards, under the name of councils, chanceries, and conferences. In the German diet or 4 confederation of the sove- reigns and free towns of Germany,' formed in 1815, Austria presides, and has one vote. In the general assembly, she has four votes. The established religion is the Roman Catholic ; but in Hungary, Transylvania, and Sclavonia, members of the Protestant and Greek churches have long been settled, and in the enjoyment of considerable privileges. In fact, since the days of Joseph II. free toleration is granted to all sects throughout the Austrian dominions. The num- ber of the various sects is estimated as follows : 22,000,000 Roman Catholics, 2,500,000 Greek Christians, 2,000,000 Reformed, 1,450,000 Lu- therans, 420,000 Jews, and 42,000 Unitarians. In point of literature, Austria is greatly behind the north of Germany. The principal universi- ties are at Vienna, Prague, Freyburg, Innspruck, Lemberg, Pest, and Padua. The principal manufactures are thread, cotton, linen, lace, silk stuffs, stockings, spirituous liquors, wrought iron, steel, and brass, kitchen and fann- ing utensils, glass, porcelain, and earthen ware. The foreign commerce is in a great measure in the hands of Greek merchants. The imports consist principally of raw materials, such as wool, cotton, raw silk, rice, oil, drugs, spices, of all which a a great part comes from the Levant. 70 A X U A Z A Austria, San FeUppe rfe, city, S. America, 46 m. fr. Cumana. Lon. 63* 41' W. Lat. 10 31' N. AiUauga, co. Alabama. Pop 3,853, slaves 1,647. Engaged in agriculture 1,461, in com- merce 8, in manufactures 9. At the C. H. is a post-office. Authie, r. France, runs into the English chan- nel. Authon, t. France, in Eure and Loire, 11 leagues S. W. Chartres. Pop. 1,200. Another, 4 leagues N. E. Saintes. Autire, r. France, runs into the Sevre, below Maillerais. A v tonne, r. France, runs into the Oise near Verberie. Autun, t. France, in Saone and Loire. Here are manufactures of linen, blankets, hosiery, and other stuffs. 16 leaguesS. W.Dijon. Pop. 8,000. Aiwase, t. Montgomery co. Missouri. Au Vase, r. Illinois, runs into the Mississippi 55 miles above the mouth of the Ohio. It is naviga- ble for boats 60 miles, through a fine prairie coun- try. Auvergne, formerly a province of France. It is now included in the departments of the Puy N. and Ion. 37 E. and flows almost im- mediately into the lake Dembea, through which it passes without mixing its waters, so that the cur- rent always is visible. It issues from the lake at the southern extremity, and pursuing a semicircu- lar course, turns gradually to the north, and flows in this direction through Sennar till in lat. 16 N. it unites with the Bahr el Abiad, or principal branch of the Nile. In Abyssinia and in Europe, the Azrek was always considered as the head of the Nile, but the superior magnitude of the Abiad seems now to be clearly proved. The principal tributaries of the Azrek are the Dender and the Malcg. Azuaga, t. Spanish Estremadura, 9 m. S. K. Llerena. Azumar, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 5 m. W. N. W. Aronches. Azurar, t. Portugal, in Entre Douro e Minho, 16 m. S. W. Braya. Asurara, t. Portugal, in Beira, 6 m, S. E. Viseu. Azzoglio, t. Italy, in Masserano, 6 m. N. N. E. Masseraao. B. noi '. BAADSTED, or Badsted, s-p. Sweden, in Scho- nen, on a bay of the Cattegat, 10 m. N. Engel- holm, 16 S. Helmstadt. Lon. 12 45' E. Lat. 56 N. Bungoe, 2 small islands, Denmark, in the Bal- ic, one between the islands of Zealand, Moen, and Falster. Lori. 12 3' E. Lat. 54 56' N. ; and the other in the Little Belt. Lon. 9 49' E. Lat. 55" 19' N. BaaFs River, in West Greenland, empties in Ion. 50 10' W. lat. 64 30' N. Baar t or Bar, t. Switzerland, 2 m. N. Zug. Baba, district, New Grenada, in Quito, 22 leagues in extent. Cacao is its staple article of commerce. Pop. 4,000. Baba, Cape, on the N. coast of Natolia, in the Black sea.. Lon. 31 51' E. Lat. 41 & N. Baba/wyo, district in Quito. Its capital, Baba- hoyo, is a great mart of trade. Lat. 1 47' S. The river Babahoyo rises in the mountains of Chimbo and Riobamba, and after running 24 leagues, falls into the Guayaquil. Babanon, or Balbanon, t. Cambodia, on the Cambodia. Lon. 105 10' E. Lat. 12 17' N. Babein, t. Persia, in Irak, 80 m. S. E. Ispahan. Babel. See Babylon. Babel, t. Egypt, on the Delta, the ancient Byb- los, 40 m. N. Cairo. Babelabouad. See Derbend. Babelmandel, Straits of, the entrance of the Red 72 BAG sea from the Indian ocean, 7 leagues in breadth. They are dangerous to pass. Babelmandel, isl. in the above straits, 5 miles in circumference, barren and scarcely inhabited. Lon. 44 30' E. Lat. 44 28' N. Baben, isl. in the Indian sea, about 18 miles long. Lon. 130 to 131 E. Lat. 7 41' S. Babenhausen, t. Bavaria, 16 m. S. E. Ulm. Pop. 1,600. Babi 6'i Malu. See Pulo Baby. Babi, isl. in tiie Eastern sea, near the W. coast of Ceram. Lou. 128 3' E. Lat. 3 5' S. Babic, or Bababeg, t. Persia, in Kerman, at an equal distance from the cities of Kerman, Shiraz, and Yezd. Fruit of every kind grows here in profusion. Lon. 54 18' E. Lat. 30 3' N. Babin, t. Austrian empire, in Gahcia, 36 m. E. Beicz. Babinowitsrhi, t. Russia, 60 m. N. Mohilew, 5t Petersburg. Lon. 30 14' E. Lat. 54 52- N. Babo, t. Whydah, in Africa, 10 m. N. W. Sabi. Baboeuf, t France, in Oise, 2 m. E. S. E. Noy- on, 42 N. E. Beauvais. Babolsca, t. Hungary, 22 m. S. S. E. Canischa. Babu, isl. in the gulf of Siam, near the coast of Cambodia. Lon. 103 48' E. Lat. 9 4% N. Babuan, isl. in the Sooloo archipelago. Lon. 120 30' E. Lat.5 !) 20'N. Babuyanes, islands in the Pacific, N. of Luzon. The largest are Babuan, Calayan, Camiguen, Daluspiri and Fuga. The chief products are wax, ebony, bananas, cocoas, and plantains. Lon. 121 15' to 122 5' E. Lat. 18 58' to 19 42' N. Babylon, (in ancient geography,) a famous city OH the Euphrates. It stood on both sides of the river, in. the form of a square, encompassed by a wall 60 miles in circuit, 87 feet thick and 350 high, on which were built 316 towers, or according to others, 250. There were 100 gates, 25 on each side, all of solid brass. From these ran 25 streets crossing one another at right angles, each 150 feet wide, and 15 miles in length. Thus the whole city was divided into 676 squares. The wall of Babylon was accounted one of the seven wonders of the world. Extensive ruins are now to be seen of this once magnificent city, about 50 m. S. Bag- dad. Bacalal, lake, Mexico, in Yucatan, 36 m. S. W. Valladolid. Bacalan, t. Great Bukharia, 45 m. W. Anderab , 145 E. S. E. Balk. Lon. 97 40' E. Lat. 36" 12' N. Bacano Bay, on the S. coast of Cuba. Lon. 7459'W. Lat. 20 6' N. Baccano, t. Italy, States of the Church, a little S. of Rome. Baccftiglione, r. Italy, loses itself in the La- gunes of Venice, below Este. Bach. See Batsch. Bachash, one of the isls. of the Hebrides, N. E. of North Uist. Lon. 7 3' W. Lat. 57 37' N. BacJiaracft, t. Prussian grand dutchy of the Lower Rhine, 23 m. S. Coblentz. Lon. 7 40' E. Lat 50 2' N. Pop. 1,250. Bacheldor, t. Oxford co. Maine, 20 m. W. Pa- ris. Pop. 91. Bachelors-retreat, p-v. Pendleton co. S. C. Bachelor's River, S. America, runs into a bay of the same name, on the N. side of the straits of Magellan. Lon. of the mouth, 73 52' W. Lat. 53 38' N. Bachian, one of the Molucca islands, separated BAD by a narrow channel from the island Gilolo. Lon. 127 33' E. LatlS. Bachink. See Cachao. Bachmuth, or Bakhmoud, t. Russia, 104 m. N. N. W. Azoph, and 112 E. Ekaterinoslav. Lon. 37 44' E Lat. 48 23' N. Bachu. See Baku. Back, r. or arm of Chesapeake bay, in Baltimore, co. Md. 4 m. E. of the Patapsco. Backar, or Bekhur, district, Hind, in Moultan. The town is on an island in the Indus, near its junction with the Dummoody. Lon. 70 % E. Lat. 28 31' N. Back creek Valley, p-v. Frederick co. Va. Backergunge, district, in the S. E. part of Ben- gal. The town is 120 m. E. of Calcutta. Lon. 8920'E. Lat. 22 42' N. Backnang, t. Wirtemberg, on the Mur, 12 m. N. E. Stutgard. Lon. 9 30' E. Lat. 48 58' N. Baco, t. in Mindoro, one of the Philippine isl- ands. Lon. 121 5' E. Lat. 13 18' N. Bacon-caslle, p-v. Surry, co. Va. 74 m. S. E. Richmond. Bacono, r. Caraccas, rises near the city of Truxillo, and serves as a boundary between the provinces of Varinas, and Venezuela. Bacon's Island, in the Chinese sea. Lon. 1 13 5'E. Lat. 11 13' N. Bacre, v. Sierra Leone. Lon. 12 11' W. Lat. 840'N. Baclriani, t. Asiu, in Georgia, 60m. N. Teflis. Bad river, N. W. Territory, runs into Lake Superior 15 m. W. of Montreal river. It is 70 yards wide at its mouth, and boatable 8 or 9 miles. Badajos, t. Spain, capital of Estremadura, on the Guadiana. It is an important barrier fortress on the side of Portugal. It was taken by storm by the British under Lord Wellington, after a memorable conflict on the 6th of April 1812. Pop. 14,500. 82 m. N. N. W. Seville, 49 S. Al- cantara. Lon. 6 47' W. Lat. 38 49' N. Badaksham, t. Great Bukharia, 150 m. E. Bulkh. Lon. 68 50' E. Lat. 37 20' N. Badalona, s-p. Spain in Catalonia, 4m. N. E. Barcelona. Badanacoupy, t. Hind, in Mysore, 28 m. S. Se- ringapatam. Badar, t. Hind, in Bejapour, on the river Krish- na, 30 m. S. Mijee. Lon. 75" S2 7 E. Lat. 16 40' N. Badasky, t. Siberia, on the Angara, 80 m. N. N. W. Irkutzk. Baddammy, t. Hind, in Bejapour, 80 m. S. E. Merritch. Lon. 74 54' E. Lat. 16 6' N. Baden, formerly a margra \iate of Germany, in the circle of Suabia, extending along the E. bank of the Rhine, now forming the most impor- tant part of the grand dutchy. It was made up of Baden-Baden and Baden-Durlach. Baden, a grand dutchy of Germany, bounded S. by Switzerland and the lake of Constance, E. by Wirtemberg, N. by Bavaria and Hesse-Darm- stadt, and W. by the Bavarian circle of the Rhine, and the French department of the Upper and Lower Rhine. It is divided into ten circles : Circles. Chief Towns. The Lake (Seekreis) Constance. The Danube. Villingen. The Weisen. Lorrach. The Treisam. Freyburg. The Kinzie. Offenburg. The,Murg. Rastadt. B A F The Pfuiz and Enz. Durlach. The Neckar. Heidelberg. The Odenwald. Mosbach. The Main and Tauber. Wertheim. The grand duke has the designation of ' Royal Highness' ; his residence and the seat of govern- ment are at Carlsruhe. The grand dutchy contains 5,632 square miles, and 924,307 inhabitants. Rev- enue about 600,000. The grand duke and most his subjects are Lutherans. Baden, t. Germany, in the grand dutchy of Ba- i, in the circle of the Murg, celebrated for its mineral waters. In 1810, the number of its visi- tants was 3,325. 22 m. N. E. Strasburg, 36 W. Stutgard, and 40 S. S. W. Heidelberg. Lon. 8 18' E. Lat. 48 46' N. Pop. 3,085. Baden, a district of Switzerland, formerly an independent canton, but now united to that of Aargau. Baden, t. Switzerland, on the Limmat, at the head of the above district; celebrated for its warm baths. 14 m. N. W. Zurich, 27 S. E. Bale. Pop. 1,653. Baden, t. Lower Austria, 12 m. S. S. W. Vien- na ; celebrated for its warm baths. Pop. 2,430. Baden, v. Switzerland, canton of Valais. In its vicinity is the cataract of Toga, 500 feet high, and the famous hot spring in which an egg may be boiled. Badenally, t. Hind, in Mysore, 21 m. S. Seringa- patam. Badgum, t. Hind, in Dowlatabad, 6 m. S. S. W. Oudighir. Badia La, t. Austrian Italy, on the Adige, 5 m. from Legnano, 15 W. S. W. Rovigo. Pop. 5,000. Badingen, v. Prussian states, Middle Mark of Brandenburg, 7 m. W. Stendal. Badou, v. on the slave coast of Africa, 10 m. N. W. Grand Sestre. Badrachilhim, or the Sacred Mountain, t. Hind, in Golconda, on the Godavery. Here is a pagoda of great celebrity. 72 m. N. W. Rajamundry, 150 E. Hydrabad, 134 from Vizagapatam. Badroivly, t. Hind, in Guzerat, 16 m. E. Surat. Badruck. See Buddaruck. Badvlato, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 14 m. S. S. E. Squillace. Baedoo, an extensive kingdom of Central Af- rica, S. of Tombuctoo, and E. of Bambarca. Batna, or Vacua, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 18 m. S. S. E. Cordova. Pop. 4,800. Baerwalde, t. Prussian states, New Mark of Brandenburg, 13 m. N. N. W. Custrin, 42 m. E. N. E. Berlin. Batt. See Bate. Baeza, or Baeca, Spain, in Andalusia, 6 leagues from Jaen, 70 m. N. N. E. Cordova. Lon. 3" 35' W. Lat. 38 4' N. Pop. 15,000. Bajfa, or Bofo, s-p. Africa, on the Grain coast. Lon. 8 52* W. Lat. 5 10' N. Baffa, s-p. of Cyprus, on the W. coast. It has a small harbor, now choaked up with sand, and is the most dangerous port of the island. Numerous ruins and antiquities are dispersed in the vicinity. Lon. 32 18' E. Lat. 34 4ff N. Baffin's Bay, the most northern gulf or bay that has yet been discovered in North-America. It extends beyond the 78th degree of N. lat. and communicates with the Atlantic ocean through Davis' s Straits. On the W. side of this bay, in lat. 74 is Lancaster's Sound, through which Lieut. BAG 73 Parry, in the summers of 1819 and 1820, discover- ed a passage into the polar sea. He penetrated as far as the longitude of 113 47' W. from Green- wich, between the parallels of 74 and 75 N. lat. where his further progress was arrested by the ice. Bafrush. See Balfrosh. Baga, t. Spain, in Catalonia, on the Llobregat, 16 m. N. E. Solsona. Baga Rey, one of the Philippine Islands, E. Lu- zon. Bagaduce Point, cape in Penobscot bay, Maine. Bagalaen, district of Java, near its centre. Bagasied. See Bayasid. Bagdad, a pachalic of A. Turkey, which com- prehends the whole of Irak Arabi, with a part of Mesopotamia. Pop. about 1,000,000, consisting partly of Turks and Arabians, partly of Kurds and Jezides. The army of the Pacha is estimated at from 40,000 to 50,000 men. This pachalic next to that of Anatolia is the most important of all in Asiatic Turkey. It is bounded N. by the pacha- lic of Diarbekir and the country of the tributary Kurds, E. by Iran and the Persian gulf, S. W. and W. by the deserts of Arabia and Syria and by the pachalic of Aleppo. Bagdad, a city of Asia, on the Tigris, the capi- tal of the Turkish provinces of Bagdad. For more than 500 years it was the city of the caliphs, and the capital of the Moslem empire, and was one of the most populous and splent) id cities of the world ; but it now retains very little of its ancient splen- dour. It is a city of great trade, and a noted em- porium for the products of Arabia, India, and Per- sia, as well as for many European manufactures. It supplies all Asia Minor, Syria, and a part of Eu- rope, with Indian commodities, which are import- ed at Bassora, and being brought up the Tigris in boats, are transported in caravans to Tocat, Con- stantinople, Aleppo, Damascus, and the western parts of Persia. The population is estimated at 80,000, and is composed of Turks, who constitute three-fourths of the whole, of Persians, Jews, and a small proportion of Christians. 210 m. S. Mosul, 300 N. N. W. Bassora. Lon. 44 24' E. Lat. 33 20' N. Bagendon, v. Eng. Gloucestershire, 3 m. N. Cir- encester. Baggai, t. Algiers, anciently Bagasi, 48 m. S. S. E. Constantina. Baphilan, t. Persia, in Khorassan, 60 m. N. E. Herat Baghican, or Bunkar, v. Beloochistan, 10 m. from Khozdar. Lon. 66 35' E. Lat. 28 3' N. Basjuitra, t. Upper Egypt, between the Nile and Fi'.rshout. Bagna, t. Eu. Turkey, in Servia, on the Orko- luka,20m. N. E. Parakia. Bagna Carallo, t. Italy, Stages of the Church, on the Seno, 24 m. S. S. E. Ferrara. Bagna dt Acqua, t. Italy, in Tuscany ; celebra- ted for its warm baths. 15 m. E. Leghorn. Bagnagar. See Hyderabad. Bagnnja, t. Italy, Ecclesiastical States, 1 m. S. Vitebo. Bagnara, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra. Pop. 5,000. 14 m. W. Oppido. Bagnarea, t. Italy, States of the Church, 5 m. S. Orvieto, 12 N. Viterbo. Bagneras dt Campan, or en Bigorre, t. France, in Upper Pyrenees, on the Adour, at the foot of the Pyrenees. Pop. 6,000. Its hot mineral 10 74 BAH springs are no less than 32 in number, and ;nr much frequented. 11 m. S. Tarbes, 450 S. S. W. Paris. Bagneres de Luchon, t. France, in Upper Ga- ronne, 60 m. S. W. Toulouse. Pop. 1,260. Bagni della Porelta, v. Italy, 1 in. S. Bologna. Bagno, t. Italy, in Tuscany, 28 m. N. E. Flor- ence. Bagnolo, t. Italy, territory of Venice, 8 m. S. Brescia. Bagnolo, t Italy, in Principato Ultra, 12 m. W. Co.'iza. Bagnols, t. France, in Card, 22 m. N. E. Nismes. Pop. 4,800. Bagnouangy. See Banyouangy. Bagoiino, t Italy, territory of V r enice, 24 m. N. Brescia. Pop. 3,600. Bagones, r Brazil, enters the sea near Cape Frio, in lat. 22 o S. Bagonguenou, 2 of the Lacadive islands. Lon. 71 56' E. Lat. 11 N. Bfigroo, r. W. Africa, falls into the sea near the Mesurado. Bahama, Great, Island of, one of the Bahamas, 63 miles long and * why Head, promontory, Eng. Lon. 15' ' - 50 44' N. /i'-nrh Island, t. Hancock co. Maine. Pop. 8. Beaconsjidd, t Eng. Buckingham co. 23 m. W. N. W. London. Beale, r. Ireland, runs into the Shannon ; an- other, flows into the Medway. 12 B E A 89 Bealnabrach, r. Ireland, runs into Lough Cor- rib. Bealsbury, t. Harden co. Ken. on the E. bank of Rollingfork, 15 m. W. S. W. Bairdstown, 50 S.W. Frankfort. Bealth. See Bailth. Beaminster, t. Eng. Dorsetshire, 6 m. from Brid- port. Pop. 2,290. Beane, r. Eng. runs into the Lea, between Hertford and Ware. Bean's creek, p-v. Franklin co. Ten. Bean's station, p-v. Granger co. Ten. Bear Bay, on the S. coast of Newfoundland. Bear creek, Ken. runs into Green river in Ohio county. Bear creek, Alabama, runs N. 45 miles and falls into the Tennessee. The boundary-line between Alabama and Mississippi strikes the Tennessee at the mouth of this creek. Bearjield, L Perry co. Ohio, 10 m. S. W. Som- erset. Pop. 428. Bear-gap, p-v. Northumberland co. Pa. Bear grass, creek, Ken. which runs into the Ohio at Louisville. Its mouth forms an excellent harbour, having at all times 12 feet water. Bear Haven. See BantryBay. Bear Lake, Great, North America, near the Arctic circle. Bear Lake, White, in lat. 48 15' N. the head water of the Missisippi. Bear, North, a small island in St. James' bay. Lon. 81 20' W. Lat. 54 35' N. Bear Sound, on the W. coast of West Green- land. Lon. 49 W. Lat. 63 20' N. Bear, South, a small island in St. James' bay. Lon. 81 20' W. Lat. 54 30; N. Beard's creek, Geo. runs into the Alatamaha, in Liberty county. Beard's mill, p-v. Rowan co. N. C. Beam, province, France, now included in Low- er Pyrenees. Beat tie's ford, p-v. Lincoln co. N. C. Beaucaire, t. France, in Gard, on the right bank of the Rhone, opposite Tarascon, with which it is connected by a bridge of boats. It is chiefly re- markable for a great annual fair held in July, which was formerly attended by merchants and manufacturers from most countries in Europe, from the Levant, arid sometimes even from Persia and Armenia. The average sales do not at pres- ent exceed 300,OOOZ. sterling. The trade peculiar to the town consists in silk, wine, oil, almond?, spices, drugs, leather, wool, cotton, &c. 6 m. N. Aries, 12 E. Nismes, 12 S. W. Avignon. Lon. 4 43' E. Lat. 43 48' N. Pop. 8,000. Beauce, formerly a district of France, now in- cluded in the department of the Eure and Loire. Beau clerc, Port,in an island on the N. W. coast of America. Lon. 226 23' E. Lat. 56 17' N. Beaver, co. Pa. on the Alleghany river. Chief t. Beaverton. Pop. 15,340 ; engaged in agricul- ture 2,585, in commerce 1 9, in manufactures 474. Beaver, t. Crawford co. Pa. Pop. 419. Beaver, t. Northumberland co. Pa. 50 m. N. W. Harrisburg. Pop. 1,502. Bearer, t. Pike co. Ohio, 5 m. S. E. Piketon. Pop. 525. Beaver, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. Pop. 639. Beaver, t. Guernsey co. Ohio, 14 m. S. E. Cam- bridge. Pop. 556. Beaver, t. Greene co. Ohio. Pop. 1 12. Beaverdam, p-v. Delaware co. N. Y. Beaverdam, t. Erie co. Pa. Pop. 142. 90 B E A Beaver creek, N. Y. runs 35 m. S. E. and falls in- to Popacton river, a branch of the Delaware. Beaier-dnm, creek, Geo. runs S. E. and falls into Briar Cr.-ek, a mile below Jacksonboro'. Bearer dam, p-v. Queen-Anne co. Md. Bearer-dam, p-v. Pendleton district, S. C. Bearer Islands, Lake Michigan, 40 m. S. W. Mackinaw. They afford good anchorage for ves- sels. Beai-erton,\)or. p-t. and cap. Beaver co. Pa. at the junction of Bigbeaver river with the Ohio, 30 m. below Pittsburg. Pop. of the. borough, 361. It contains a court-house and jail, a bank, an academy, and various manufactories. In its neigh- bourhood is an iron mine. Bearer Big, t. Beaver co. Pa. Pop. 742. Beaver Little, t. Beaver co. Pa. Pop. 1,144. Bearer JVbr//j, t. Beaver co. Pa. Pop. 1,206. Bearer South, t. Beaver co. Pa. Pop. 800. Benrertown,\>-i. Union co. Pa. Pop. 2,035. Beaufort,i. Savoy, 30 m. E. N. E. Chamberry. Beaufort, co. N. C. on Pamlico Sound, at the mouth of Tar river. Chief t. Washington. Pop. 9,850 ; slaves 3,655 ; engaged in agriculture 2,855, in commerce 97, in manufactures 239. Beaufort, s-p. and cap. Carteret co. N C. on Core Sound, 27 m. from Cape Look-out, 45 S. Newbern. Lat. 34 42' N. Pop. about 500. Ship- ping in 1815, 1,537 tons. Beaufort inlet is under the lee s-iore of Cape Look-out. The depth of the water on the bar is 1 4 feet. Within the bar is a safe and spacious harbour. It is proposed to make this inlet the channel of trade for all the rivers of N. Carolina north of Cape Fear ; and for this pur- pose to connect it by canals with the Neuse, the Tar, and the Roanokc. Beaufort, district, S. C. on the sea-coast, be- tween Savannah and Combaree rivers. Chief towns. Beaufort and Cocsahatchie. Pop. 32,199 ; slaves 27.U35 ; engaged in agriculture 15,409, in commerce 59, in manufactures 168. Beaufort, s- t ). and p-t. Beaufort district, S. C. on Port Royal Island, at the mouth of the Coosa- hatchie, 73 m. S. Charleston, 60 N. Savannah. Pop. about 1 ,000. Shipping in 1815, 1,537 tons. Its harbour is deep and large, and was once a sta- tion of the British fleet. Here is a chartered college, v/ith funds-of 60 or 70,000 dollars, with a handsome edifice, and schools for the preparatory studies ; but it is not provided with instructors in the studies of acollegiate course, anddoesnot con- for degrees. The public library contains 700 vol- umes. Beaufort en Valle, t. France, in Main-and- Loire, 15 m. E. Angers. Pop. 6,000. Beaugcncy, t. France, in Loiret, 15 m. S. W. Or- leans. Pop. 4,900. Beaugeu, t. France, on the Ardiere, in Rhone, 27 m.N. N. W. Lyons. Pop. 1,665. Beauharnois, seigniory, Huntingdon co. Lower Canada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 25 m. S. W. Montreal. Be'iujeu, seigniory, Huntingdon oo. Lower Can- ada, on the river Sorel, 28 m. S. Montreal. Beauleu, r. Scotland, flows into the Murray frith, at the village of Beauley, 10 m. W. Inver- ness. Beaulieu, r. Eng. flows into the English chan- nel. Beaulieu, t. France, in Correze, 18 m. S. Tulle ; another on the Indre, opposite Lochea ; another on the Loire, 5 m. S. Briare. BEG Bcaumarchais, t. France, in Gers, 19 m. W. 8. W. Auch. Beaumaris, s-p. and borough, Wales, island of Anglesey, on a bay formed by the Mcnai strait. 2P. m. E. S. E. Holyhead. Lon. 4 15' W. Lat. 53 14' N. Top. 1,510. Beaumes, v. France, in Vaucluse, 15 m. N. E. Avignon. Beaumont, t. Netherlands, 8 m. E. Maubeuge. Bcannwnt, t. France, in Vienne, 8 m. N. N. E- Poitiers ; another in Perigor, 28 in. S. Perigeux ; one in Puy-de-dome, 2$ m. S. Clermont-Ferrand ; one in Seine-and-Marne, 20 m. S. Fontainbleau ; one in Indre-and-Loire, 4 m. W. N. W. Chinon ; one in Calvados. 20 m. E. N. E.Caen; one in Vaucluse, 14 m. N. E. Aix; one in Drome, 5 m. S. E. Valence ; one in La Manche, 8 m. W. N. W. Cherbourg. Beaumont, seigniory, Hartford co. Lower Can- ada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 11 m. E. Quebec. Beaumont en Argonne, t. France, in Ardennes, 20 m. S. E. Mezieres. Beaumont de Lomagne, t. France, in Tarn-and- Garonne, 28 m. N. W. Toulouse. Pop. 3,057. Beaumont sur Oise,i. France, 20 m. N. Paris. Beaumont le Roger, t. France, in Eure, 28 m. S. Rouen. Pop. 1,325. Beaumont le Vicomte, t. France, in Sarthe, 15 m. S. Alencon. Pop. 2,400. Beaune, or Beaulne, t. France, in Cote d'Or, 20 m. S. S. W. Dijon. Pop. 10,114. Beaune, t. France, 25 m. N. W. Orleans. Pop. 2,060. Bcauport, seigniory, Quebec co. Lower Canada, on the N. side of the St. Lawrence, at the conflu- ence of Montmorenci river ; 3 m. N. by E. Que- bec. The village has a Catholic church and about 60 houses. Bcaupreau, t. France, in Maine-and-Loire, 25 m. S. W. Angers. Pop. 1,640. Beaupuy de Graniaque, t. France, in Upper Ga- ronne, 5 m. E. N. E. Toulouse. Beauregard P Eveque, t. France, in Puy-de Dome. 9 m. E. Clermont-Ferrand. Pop. 1,492. Bcaurieux, t. France, in Aisne, 16 m. E. Sois- sons. Beaurirage, r. Lower Canada, falls into the Chaudiere, about 4 miles before its confluence with the St. Lawrence. Batussault, t. France, in Lower Seine, 5 m. S. Neufehatel. Bcausse. See Beauce. Btausset, t. France, in Var, 7 m. N. W. Tou- lon. Beaurais, t. France, cap. of Oise, on the The- rin. It was besieged by the English without sur-- cess in 1443, and by duke Charles of Burgundy with a similar result in 1472, though at the head of 80,000 men. 17m. N. N. W. Paris. Lon. 2" 1 9' E. Lat. 49 25' N. Pop. 12,800. Beaurille, i. France, in Lot and Garonne, 10 m. N. Valence. Pop. 1,800. Bcauroir sur Mer, t. France, in La Vendee, 7 m. N. W. Chalons. Pop. 1,900. Bebrc, r. France, falls into the Loire, opposite Bourbon-Lancy. Bee, Le, t. France, in Eure, 16 m. S. W. Rouen. Bee deMarsoin, peninsula on the N. coast of St. Domingo. Lon. 74 27' W. Lat. 1 8 36' N. Becancour, r. Lower Canada, runs into the St. Lawrence, about 7 m. below Three Rivers, on the opposite bank. It gives name to a seigniory. BED BEE 9t JbC Beccaria, t. Clearfield co. Pa. Pop. 236. Beccles, t. Eng. Suffolk co. on the Waveney, which is navigable hither from Yarmouth, 15 miles. Pop. 2,979. Bechin, t. Bohemia, on the Luschnitz, 50 m. S. of Prague. Lon. 14 19' E. Lat. 49 20' N. Pop. 1,486. Becken, t. of the Prussian states, in Westphalia, on the VVers, between Lippstadt and Monster. Becket, p-t. Berkshire co. Mass. 17 m. S. E. enox. Pop. 984. Bcckhamsrilk, p-t. Chester co. S. C. on the Wu- teree, 30 m. N. W. Camden. Beckington, t. Eng. Somersetshire, 2 m. S. E. Frome. Becur, Cape, on the coast of Egypt, 12 m. N. N. E. Alexandria. Bedale, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 8 m. fr. Richmond. Bedakshan. See Badakshan. Bedanore. See Bednore. Bedar, v. Palestine, 2 m. fr. Acre. Bedarides, t. France, in Vaucluse, 5 m. N. Avig- non. Pop. 1,658. Bedarrieux, t. France, in Herault, 33 m. \V. Montpelier. Pop. 3,340. Beddin^ton, t. Washington co. Maine, 35 m. N. W. Machias. Bedford, county, Eng. bounded N. and N. W. by Northamptonshire, E. by Huntingdon, Cam- bridge, and Hertford, and W. by the counties of Buckingham and Northampton. It contains about 430 square miles. The manufactures are plaiting of straw and making thread-lace, in which nearly three-fourths of the female population are employ- ed. Pop. 70,213. Families 14,927 ; of whom 9,431 were engaged in agriculture, and 4,155 in manufactures. Bedford, t. Eng. and capital of Bedfordshire is on both sides of the Ouse, 22 m. S. E. Northamp- ton, 50 N. of London. Lon. 27' W. Lat. 52 8'N. It contains five churches : three on the N. and two on the S. side of the river ; a house of in- dustry, a county infirmary, a county jail, and an asylum for lunatics. Bedford is a borough and corporation by prescription, and has sent two members to parliament since the year 1295. Bedford, t. Eng. Lancashire, 7 m. fr. New- ton. Bedford, t. Frontenac co. Up. Canada. Bedford, county, Lower Canada, on the E. side of Richelieu river, and bordering on Vermont. Bedford, p-t. Hillsborough co. New-Hampshire, on the west side of the Merimac, 19m. below Concord. Pop. 1,375. Bedford, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 16 m. N. W. Boston. Pop. 648. Bedford, p-t. Westchester co. N. Y. 40 m. N.by New-York. Pop. 2,432. Here is an Acade- my. The courts are held alternately here and at White Plains. Bedford, co. Pa. bordering on Maryland. Pop. 20,248 ; engaged in agriculture 4,355, in com- merce 41, in manufactures 905. Chief t. Bedford. Bedford, p-t. and cap. Bedford co. Pa. 100 m. Pittsburg, 200 W. Philadelphia. It is regular- laid out on the W. branch of the Juniatta in a romantic spot hemmed in by mountains at the foot of which issue the chalybeate springs. Pop. 2,1 10. The springs, four in number, are particularly leficial in chronic diseases. Convenient board- ig houses are erected and ample accommodations for warm and cold bathing, and the medicinal properties of the waters, together with their sit- uation in a mountainous and healthy country ren- der them a great resort for invalids. Bedford, co. Va. on the south side of James riv- er. Chief t. Liberty. Pop. 19,305 ; slav-s 8,043. Engaged in agriculture 5,948, in commerce 36, in manufactures 351. Bedford, t. Richmond co. Geo. on Savannah riv- er, 4 m. above Augusta. Bedford, co. West Tennessee, on Duck river. Pop. 16,012. Slaves 3,558. Engaged in agricul- ture 3,307, in commerce 15, in manufactures 137. Chief t. Shelby ville. Bedford, p-t. Henry co. Ken. Bedford, t. Lincoln co. Missouri. Bedford, Cape, N. E. extremity of New-Holland. Lon. 214 45' W. Lat. 15 16' S. Bedis de Gomera. See Gomera. Bedminster, t. Somerset co. N. J. 20 m. N. W. New-Brunswick. Pop. 1,393. Bedminster, t. Bucks co. Pa. Pop. 1,248. Bednal. See Bethnal Green. Bednore, or Biddanore, district Hind, in the N. W. extremity of the territories of Mysore, on the summit of the western Ghauts. Bednore, t. Hind, capital of the district of Bed- nore, 187 m. N. W. Seringapatam, 330 S. S. E. Bombay. Lon. 74 48' E. Lat. 13 47' N. It was formerly a wealthy and magnificent city contain- ing 20,000 houses, but is now reduced. At the period of its capture by Hyder Ali, the plunder gained from it was computed at 12 millions ster- ling. That sovereign changed its name to Hyder- nagur. Lon. 75 6' E. Lat. 13 48' N. Bedouins, wandering Arabs who inhabit the desert. Many tribes are notorious robbers, so that it is dangerous to pass through any territory oc- cupied by them. They are dispersed in great numbers throughout Asia and Africa. Bedwin, Great, t. Eng. Wiltshire, 6 m. W. Hungerford. Beekman, t. Dutchess co. N. Y. 13 m. E. Pough- keepsie. Pop. 4,257. It contains 4 meeting houses of the Friends', 1 of the Dutch Reformed and 1 of the Baptist societies. Beekmantown, t. Clinton co. N. Y. Pop. 1,343. Bederi's-ferry, p-v. Cumberland co. Pa. Beelike, or Beelich, t. of the Prussian states, in Westphalia, 12m.E. N. E. Arensberg. Beer, Beerjick, Bir, or Biradschik, t. Asiatic Turkey, on the left bank of the Euphrates, It is a thoroughfare from Aleppo to Orfa, Diarbekir, and Persia. Formerly considerable trade was carried on to Bagdad by means of vessels descend- ing the river. 67 m. fr. Orfa, 1 15 S. W. Diarbe- kir, and 60 N. E. of Aleppo. Lon. 38 6' E. Lat. 36 48' N. Beer, or Bere Regis, t. Eng. Dorsetshire, 9 m. fr. Blandford. Beer Emir, t. Palestine, 3 m. S. Nazareth. Beeralston. See Berealslon. Beering's Bay, on the W. coast of N. America, Lon. 221 E. Lat. 59 18' N. It was foj-merly call- ed Admiralty bay. Beerin^s Island, an uninhabited island in the N. Pacific ocean, 104 miles long by 15 broad. Lon. 167 E. Lat. 55 N. Betting 1 s Straits, the narrow sea between the W. coast of N. America and the E. coast of Asia. In the narrowest part in Lat. 66 it is 39 miles wide. Beeskow, t. in the Prussian states, on tbe Spjee, B E I BEL 16 m. S.W. Frankfort on the Oder, and 40 E. S. E. Berlin. Beeston, t. Eng. Cheshire, 7 m. W. Nantwich. Befort, county of France, now included in the department of the Upper Rhine. The town of Befort lies at the foot of the Vosges, where 6 high roads meet : 2 from Switzerland, 2 from Paris, one from Lorraine, and one from Strasburg. Pop. 5,OUO. 35 m. S. W. Colmar, 70 S. W. Strasburg. Lon. 6 57 E. Lat. 47 38' N. Begemder, province, Abyssinia, having Dembea W. Amhara S. Samen N. and Angot E. It is 180 miles long, and 60 broad. Beggenried, v. Switzerland, in Unterwalden, on the lake of Lucerne, 6 m. fr. Stantz. Begherme, country, Central Africa, has Bornou N. Bergoo E. and Cassina W. Behaban, t. Persia, in Fars. Pop. 10,000. 153 m. fr. Shiraz. Bdilrat d Merdj, lake, Syria, 21 m. E. Damas- cus. Bekni's Canal, channel which separates the isl- and of Re villa Gigedo from the N. coast of Ameri- ca. Behring's Island. See Beering's Island. .Be/a, or Bexa, in Alentejo, Portugal, compre- hends 1 city, 3 towns, and 2i parishes. Pop. 9,000. 72 m. S. S. E. Lisbon. Bfjagur, district Hind, in Candeish, about 150 miles long, and 30 broad. Bejapour, or Visiayour, a province of Hindos- tan, bounded N. and E. by Aurungabadand Beder, S. by North Canara and the river Toombudra, and W. by the sea : about 350 miles long, by 200 broad. Four-fifths of it are subject to the Mah- rattas, the rest to the Nizam. Its population is calculated at seven millions, of which the Mahome- tans constitute a twentieth part, and the rest are Hindoos. Bejapour, or Visiapour, city, Hind, capital of Bejapour province. It is a place of very great ex- tent, consisting of three towns within each other. The innermost is the citadel, a mile in circuit ; the next is the fort, eight miles in compass, and the third is environed by a wall. During the pe- riod of its greatest prosperity, it is said to have contained 984,456 houses, and 1,600 mosques. The citadel is a place of very great strength, and is encompassed by a ditch, in most places 100 yards wide. There are several mosques and mau- soleums adorned with all the embellishments of eastern architecture, one of which is said to have cost 700, OOO/. and to have occupied 6,533 work- men, during 36 years, 11 months, and 11 days. Bejapour was besieged by Aurungxebe, and sur- rendered by capitulation in 1689. Lon. 75 42* E. Lat. 17 9' N. Bejar, or Bejas, t. Spanish Estremadura, in Pla- centia, 10 m. N. Coria. Pop. 4,800. Beichlingen, a county of Saxony, in Thuringia, belonging, since 1815, to Prussia. The castle of Beichlingen is 18 m. N. Weimar, and 20 N. E. Erfurt. Beilen. See Bailen. Beilngries, t. Bavaria, 16 m. N. E. Eichstadt. Beilstein, t. Prussian states, grand dutchy of the Lower Rhine, on the Moselle, 22 m. W. Cobleritz. Another, 5 m. S. Dillenburg. Beilstein, t. Wirtemberg, 14 m. N. Stuttgard. Beinac, or Beynat, t. France, 8 m. S. Tulle. Btira, a province of Portugal, bounded N. by Tras-los-Montes and Entre Duero e Minho, E. by hpain, S. by Portuguese Estremadura aud Alen- tojn, and W. by the Atlantic. Extent 11,000 sqiKiro miles. Pop. in 1810, 880,602. Beiragur. t. Hind. in Orissa, 14 m. W. !\. \V. Boad. Beit el Fakih, t. Arabia, in Yemen, particular- ly celebrated for its trade in coffee, which gn.ws in the hill?, distant about 60 miles. The quantity carried to Mocha, is about 4000 bales of .,13 pounds each. Several European powers have had residents at Beit el Fakih, and merchants resort thither from Persia, Russia, Turkey, Barbary, and Africa in general. 30 m. E. S. E. Hodeida, 72 N. Mocha. Lon. 43 23' E. Lat. 14 32' N. Btith, t. Scotland, in Ayrshire, 8 m. N. Irvine. Pop. of the parish, 4,050. Bejucal, city, Cuba, 21 m. from Havannah. Pop. '2,004. JSeften, t. Hungary, in the county of Bekesch, on the Black Karosch. Pop. 6,800. Bekesch, (Beks J/'armegye), a county of Hunga- ry, bounded N. by Great Cumnnia and Bihar, E. by Bihar and Zarand, S. by Arad, and W. by Sol- nok and Czongrad. Pop. 92,855. Bekiah, orBoquio, isl. Wast Indies. 60m. N. E. Grenada, 99 W. S. W. Barbadoes. Lat. 13 2'N. Bela. See Bailen. Bela, t. Hungary, in the county of Zips. Pop. 2,627. Bel- Alcazar, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 35 m. N. N. W. Cordova. Pop. 2,500. Bdbeis, t. Egypt, 35 m. N. E. Cairo, 4 N. W. Suez. Pop. 5,000. Belbo, r. Piedmont, falls into the Tanaro near Alexandria. Bekastro, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, near the gulf of Squillace, 10m. N. E. St. Severina. Pop. 2,225. Belcher town, p-t. Hampshire co. Mass. 15 m. E. S. E. Northampton, 80 W. Boston. Pop. 2,426 Belcs, L Austrian Galicia, near the river Bug, with a castle, 148 m. E. Cracow, 152 S. S. E. War- saw. Lon. 24 12'E. Lat. 50 24' N. Bcled Caroon. See Caroon. Beled el Haram, i. e. the Holy Land of Islam, a district of Arabia on the coast of the Red sea. It extends from the port of Araboss, 21 leagues N. of Jedda, to a port called Almassa Ibrahim, 32 leagues S. E. Jedda. Beled Mousa. See Jlrment. Bdem, Bdlem, or Bethlem, t. Portuguese Estre- madura, on the Tagus, 3 in. W. Lisbon. Bdenyes, t. Austria, in Hungary, on the Black Korosch. Pop. 5,000. Beles. See Balis. Belcse,r. Persia, flows into the Hermund, in Seistan. Bdeser, t. Palestine, 14 m. N. Jerusalem. Belesme, or Bdleme, t. France, in Orne, 20 m. E. by S. Alencon. Belfast, s-p. Ireland, in Antrim co. at the efflux of the river Lagan into Carrickfergus bay, 80m. N. Dublin. The port is connected with the ex- tensive lake called Lough Neagh, by a canal which is navigable for lighters. Belfast has considerable manufactures, and an extensive commerce; the principal branch of the former consists in the weaving of linen and cottons. There arc also manufactories of glass, vitriol, pottery, and seve- ral sugar refineries. The chief exports are linen, butler, boelj pork, and oatmeal ; the total value of which, in 1810, was 2,904,520/. Considerable trade is carried ou with the West Indies, America., BEL and other parts of the world. The progress of Belfast in population and commerce, has been re- markably rapid. In 1758, the population was 8,549, in 1782, 13,105, in 1798, 18,320, and m 1816 was computed at 30,000. The custom-house duties for 1800 were, 62,668J. ; and for 1816, 349,417/. Lon. 5 46' W. Lat. 54 35' N. Belfast, s-p. and p-t. Hancock co. Maine, on Penobscot bay, 9 m. fr. Castine, across the bay, 40 N. E. Hallowell and Augusta. Pop. 2,026. It has a good harbor, and is a place of trade. Here is an Academy. Belfast, t. Bedford co. Pa. Pop. 1, 1 90. Belfast, p-v. Laurens district, S. C. Be/font, p-t. Jackson co Alabama. Belfonte, or Belforte, v. Ecclesiastical States, in Marca d'Ancona, on the river Chienti, 12 m. N. E. Camerino. Be/ford, t. Eng. in Northumberland, 12 m. N. Alnwick. Belford, p-v. Nash co. N. C. Belforte, t. Italy, on the Taro, 19 m. S. S. W. Parma ; one in the Ecclesiastical States, dutchy of Urbino ; one in Naples, Calabria Ultra. Belgard, t. Prussia, in Farther Pomffrania, 38 m. N. W. New Stettin, 40 E. Camin. Lon. 15 50' E. Lat. 53 59' N. Pop. 1,853. Belgaum,t. Hind. 200 m. N. W. Bellary, on the road to Bombay. It is a military station. Belgern, t. Prussia, on the Elbe, 24 m. N. W. Meissen, 36 N. W. Dresden. Pop. 2,800. Belgiojoso, t. Milan, on the Po, 6 m. E. Pavia. Belgium, the name given by the French, after the revolution, to the Netherlands, (viz. to the provinces of Limburg, Upper Guelderland, Ant- werp, and Mechlin, and the greater part of Plan- ders, Hainault, Namur, Luxemburg, and Bra- bant,) which they annexed to their empire in 1795, and divided with the bishoprick of Liege, into the nine following departments : the Lys, the Scheldt, Gemappe, the Dyle, the Deux Nethes, the Sambre and Meuse, the Ourthe, the Loire, the Maese, and the Forets. The chief places of these departments were Bruges, Ghent, Mons, Brussels, Antwerp, Liege, Namur, Maestricht, and Luxemburg. Belgium now forms an impor- tant part of the kingdom of the Netherlands, which see. Belgorod, t. Russia, in Kursk. Pop. 5,500. Belgrad, v. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, near Con- stantinople, 1 1 m. N. W. Pera. Belgrade, t. Eu. Turkey, in Servia, at the con- flux of the Save and Danube, 150 m. S. S. E. Bu- da, 440 N. W. Constantinople. Lon. 20 10' E. Lat. 44 4S 7 N. It consists of four parts : 1. the Fortress, standing on a steep eminence in the cen- tre of the whole, and commanding the Danube. It is inclosed with high walls, strong towers, and a triple ditch, and is provided with mines and bomb-proof casemates. 2. the Water-side Divis- ion, lying on the north, not far from the junction of the two rivers, and defended in like manner by walls and ditches. 3. the Rascian town, towards the west, in the direction of the Save, is inclosed with walls and pallisades ; and 4. the Palanka, which encircles the fortress on the south and east, uulation is 30,000, and consists principally of the families of the Turkish Janissaries, by whom thf fort is garrisoned. Belgrade is advantageous- ly situated for commerce, having an easy commu- nication with Vienna and the Black sea. Its situ- ation as the key of Hungary, has frequently ren- B E L 93 dered it the object of fierce contention between the Austrians and the Turks. Belgrade, p-t. Kennebec co. Maine, 13 m. N. Au- gusta. Pop. 1,121. Belgrade, p-t. Pope co. Illinois. Belgrado, t. Italy, in Lombard y, 18 m. S. Udind, 27 N. E. Treviso. Belgram, t. Hind, in Oude. Lon. 86 3' E. Lat. 27 13' N. Belian, r. Great Bukharia, flows into the Har- rat, 60 m. W. S. W. Badakshan. Belim, or Belin, t. France, 48 m. S. S. W. Bour- deaux. Belits, t. Prussia, in the Middle Mark of Bran- denburg, 12 m. S. W. Potsdam, 28 S. W. Berlin. Bellac, or Belac, t. France, in Upper Vienne, 20 m. N. W. Limoges. Pop. 3,901. Bellagio, v. Italy, in Milan, at the S. E. extrem- ity of lake Como, 13 m. N. N. E. Como. Bellair, or Les Ecureuils, seigniory, Hampshire co. Lower Canada, on the N. side of the St. Law- rence, 22 m. W. Quebec. Bellair, p-t. and cap. Harford co. Md. 22 m. N. E. Baltimore. Bell-air, p-v. Lancaster district, S. C. Bella Isola. See Borromei Islands. Bellano, t. Italy, in Milan, on the E. bank of lake Como, 17 m. N. N. E. Como. Bellary, t. Hind, in the Mysore, 187 m. N. Se- ringapatam. 300 N. W. Madras. Bellas, t. Portugal, 8 m. N. W. Lisbon. Pop. 1,245. Bellbrook, p-t. Green co. Ohio. Belle- Alliance, v. Netherlands, near Waterloo, in South-Brabant. Here Wellington and Blucher met on the night after the battle of Waterloo, 1815. Belle-Bay, on the S. coast of Newfoundland, N. of Fortune bay. Belle Fontaine, v. St. Louis co. Missouri, on the S. side of Missouri river, 4 m. above its mouth, 15 N. St. Louis. The inhabitants are chiefly French. Bellefonte, bor. p-t. and cap. Centre co. Pa. about 70 m. N. W. Harrisburg. Pop. 433. It stands at the head of boat navigation on Spring- creek. It is regularly laid out, and has a bank, and an academy. Bellegarde, fort, France, on the side of Spain, in Eastern Pyrenees. It is regularly constructed, and has five bastions. 4 m. S. E. Ceret, 15 S. Per- pignan. Bellegarde, t. France, in La Creuse, 5 m. E. Aubusson. Pop. 1,687. Belle-Isle, isl. Ireland, in Lough Erne. Belle-Isle, or Belleisle enMer, isl. France, in the bay of Biscay, 15 miles long, and from 5 to 12 broad. It is 25 m. S. W. Vannes, 28 W. Guerande. Lon. 3 5' W. Lat. 47 17' N. Pop. 5,570. Belleisle, isl. at the mouth of the straits of Bel- lisle, between Labrador and the N. end of New- foundland island. Lon. 55 15' W. Lat. 51 58' N. Bellenave, t. France, in Allier, 25 m. S. S. W. Moulins. Pop. 1,900. Bellesta, or Bellcstat, v. France, in Arriege, 10 m. S. Mirepoix. Belleville, v. France, in Seine, on a height about 3 m. N. E. Paris. Belleville sur Saon, t. France, in Rhone, 7 m. N. Villefranche. Pop. 2,000. Belleview, t. Washington co. Missouri, 13 m. fr. Herculaneum. It lies on Cedar creek, a branch of Big river, and is noted for its iron ore. This is 94 BEL found particularly at Iron mountain, where the ore is piled in such enormous masses as to compose the entire southern extremity of a lofty ridge 500 or 600 feet high. The town contains about 60 families. Belleville, p-v. Essex co. N. J. on the Passaic, 5 m. above Newark. Belleville, p-t. Wood co. Va. on the Ohio, 5 m. below the mouth of Hockhocking river. Belleville, p-v. Mifflin co. Pa. Belleville, p-v. Washington co. Pa. Belleville, t. and cap. Logan co. Ohio. Belleville, t. Richland co. Ohio, on a W. branch of Mohiccan creek. Belleville, p-t. St. Clair co. Illinois, 15 m. E. Ca- hokia, 50 N. Kaskaskias. Belleme, fief, Surry co. Lower Canada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 20 m. N. E. Montreal. Belley, or Bellay, t. France, in Ain, 35 m. S. E. Bourg. Pop. 3,775. Belljield, v. Greensville co. Va. on the Meher- rin, opposite Hicksford, 45 m. S. Petersburg. Bellheim, t. Bavaria, in the circle of the Rhine. Pop. 1,500. Bellie, parish, Scotland, in Banffshire and Mo- rayshire, on the Spey, near its mouth. Bellin, t. Prussia, in Brandenburg, 18 m. N. N. W. Custrin. Bellingham, t. Eng. in Northumberland, 14 m. N. Hexham. Bellingham, t. Norfolk co. Mass. 26 m. S. W. Boston, 20 N. Providence. Pop. 1,034. Bellingham' s Bay, on the W. coast of America, in the gulf of Georgia. It every where affords good and secure anchorage. Lon. of the E. extrem- ity, 237 50' E. Lat. 48 36' to 48 48' N. Bellingwolder, v. and fort, Netherlands, in Gro- ningen, 7 m. E. Winscoten. Bellinzona, t. Switzerland, canton of the Tici- no, 25 m. N. N. W. Como, 40 S. Zurich. Pop. 1,200. Bellisle, r. New Brunswick, runs into the St. John from the E. Bellisle, Straits of, between Newfoundland and the coast of Labrador. Bellona. See Leroy. Bellows falls, in Connecticut river, at Walpole, N. H. In the midst of the channel worn in the rocks, a huge rock remains, on each side of which is a passage for the water. As the E. side, howev- er, is more elevated, the water, except when the river is high, does not pass over it ; and the whole Connecticut which above is about 350 feet wide and 25 feet deep, shoots through a space 16 feet wide, descending by successive pitches in the course of half a mile 44 feet. On the western side of the falls is a canal three-fourths of a mile long, 60 feet broad at top, and 18 at bottom, and 20 feet deep, with 7 locks. A bridge is thrown over the river, supported in the middle by the rock. The village of Bellows- Falls contains a post-office and several mills. Bellpuch, or Belpuig, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 16 m. E. Lerida. Bell-Rock, or Inch Cape, a dangerous rock on the E. coast of Scotland, near the mouth of the Tay, 12 m. S. W. Aberbrothock, in the direct track of all vessels engaged in the coasting trade of the east co^ist of Scotland. A light-house is erect- ed on it. Bells, p-v. Warren co. Ken. Bellunese, II, a mountainous district of Austrian Italy, in Lombardy. It is rich in corn, wine, and BEL all sorts of fruit, has excellent pastures and thri- ving cattle ; but its principal wealth lies in the ex- tensive forests on the sides of the mountains, the wood of which is transported in floats on the Pi- ave to the Lagunes of Venice. Pop. 47,500. Bclluno, the capital of Bellunese, stands on a hill between the Ardo and Piave. It lias a large suburb called Campedello, 14 churches, 5 cloisters, and a large aqueduct. The main source of sub- sistence is the trade in wood. Pop. 7,400. 43 m. N. Venice, 48 E. Trent. Bellye, t. Austria, at the junction of the Drave and the Danube. Pop. 2,500. Belmonl, t. on the coast of Syria, 8 m. S. Tri- pol. Belmont, t. France, in Loire, 14 m. N. E. Ro- anne ; one in Aveyron, 12 m. S. W. St, Afrique. Belmont, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, on the Tuscan sea, 11 m. W. S. W. Cosenza ; one in Ter- ra di Lavoro, 10 m. N. E. Ponte Corvo. Belmont, p-t. Hancock co. Maine, 20 m. W. Castine. Pop. 675. Belmont, co. Ohio, on Ohio river. Pop. 20,329. Engaged in agriculture 4,371, in commerce 50, in manufactures 711. Chief t. St. Clairsville. Belneda, t. Italy, in Friuli, 4 m. N. Udine. Beloeil, seigniory, Surrey co. Lower Canada, on the river Sorel, 15 m. E. Montreal. Belona, t. Italy, in the Veronese, 10 m. N. Garcia. Beloochistan, a country of Asia. In its most comprehensive acceptation, it includes the whole space within lat. 24 50' 30 40' N. and Ion. 53 55' 67 30' E. bounded N. by Seistan and Ca- bul, S. by the Indian ocean, W. by Kerman, and E. by Sinde. Area estimated at 176,000 sq. miles. Pop. 3,000,000. A large proportion of the country is mountainous. Water is gen- erally scarce ; the principal rivers being little else than mountain torrents, losing themselves in the sands, or finding their way in shallow streams to the sea. There are two great classes of inhabitants, the Belooche* and Brahooee, who differ from each other in their outward appearance, as well as in their manners. The Belooches are tall, hand- some, and active. They are lawless robbers, and undertake distant excursions in quest of booty, or for the purpose of carrying off the inhabitants of other countries for slaves. They are Mahome- tans of the Soonee faith, and entertain a great an- tipathy to other sects. The Brahooes have short thick bones, round faces, and flat features. They are a quiet and industrious race, and, although equally brave, free from the predatory pursuits of the Belooches. The chief town of Beloochistan is Kelat, where the khan or sovereign of the whole country re- sides. His power has declined of late, in conse- quence of some of the tributary chiefs having de- clared themselves independent. The total num- ber of troops which the khan can raise is about 60,000. Hindoos reside throughout Beloochistan, and occupy 4 or 500 of the best houses in the cap- ital, under the protection of government. They are all occupied in commercial concerns, and have become the wealthiest class in the whole country. Belota, t. Lombardo- Venetian kingdom, 8 m. E. S. E. Bergamo. Belpeck, t. France, in Aude, 7 m. N. W. Mire- poix. Pop. 2,032. Belper, t. Eng. iu Derbyshire. Pop. 5,778. 8. fr. Derby, BEN Btlpre, p-t. Washington co. Ohio, on Ohio river, 1 4 m. S. W. Marietta. Pop. 1 ,15 1 . Belt, Great and Little, the name of two narrow straits, which connect the Baltic with the Cattegat. The former lies between the islands of Zealand and Funen, and the latter betwenthe island of Fu- nen and the coast of Jutland. Bella, r. Africa, falls into the Atlantic. Lat. 26 40' N. Belturbet, t. Ireland, on the Erne, 8 m. N. VV. Cavan. Belvedere, t. Eu. Turkey, near the W. coast of the Morea, on the site of the ancient Elis^ 65 m. W. Corinth. Belvedere, t. Naples, in Terra d'Otranto, 5m. E. Taranto; one in Parma, 17 m. S. Parma; one in Calabria Citra, 15 m. S. E. Scalea. Belredere Shoal, about 24 m. N. of the island of Banca. Lon. 107 E. Lat. 2 12' S. Belcez, t. France, in Dordogne, 28 m. S. Peri- gueux. Pop. 1,798. Belvidere, t. Franklin co. Vt. 40 m. N. Montpe- lier. Pop. in 1810, 217. Belvidere, p-t. Sussex co. N. J. on the Delaware, 1 1 m. above Easton. Belum, t. Hanover, in Bremen, at the entrance of the Oste into the Elbe. Pop. 848. Belzig, t. Prussia, in Brandenburg. Pop. 1,770. Belur, t. Great Bukharia, 100 m. E. Badak- shan. Bdur Tagh, the ancient Jmaus, a mountain of Asia, which forms the boundary of Little Bukharia, E. of Belur. Bembarooghe. See Cuneni. Beminsler. See Beaminster. Bena, t. Piedmont, 28 m. S. Turin. Pop. 5,020. Benadky, or Benatek, t. Bohemia, 8 m. S. S. W. Jung Buntzlau, 22 N. E. Prague. Benaguazil, t. Spain, in Valencia. Pop. 3,150. Benaist, t. France, on the Loire, 9 m. E. N. E. Saumur. Benar, v. on the W. coast of Africa, near Sierre Leone. BenaraL t. Spain, in Valencia. Pop. 2,250. Benares, a large and valuable district, Hindos- tan, on both sides of the Ganges, between 23 and 27" N. lat. containing 1200 square miles of fertile fcoil, which produces all kinds of grain, and a quan- tity of sugar, indigo, and opium. It is exceedingly populous. In 1775 the sovereignty of this district was ceded to the British. Benares, city, Hind. cap. of Benares district, on the N. bank of the Ganges ; in Ion. 83 E. lat. 25 30/ N. 460 m. N. W. Calcutta. It is the ancient seat of Brahminical learning, and denominated "the Holy City." The Hindoos conceive that a person dying at Benares, is certain of paradise, a notion which contributes to the increase of its population. It contains 12,000 stone and brick houses, from one to six stories high ; and above 16,000 mud houses. Pop. in 1803, 582,000 ; dur- ing the festivals, the concourse is beyond all cal- culation. The residence of the English judge, and civil establishment, is at Secrole, a pleasant village, about 2 miles from the city, where there i? a military cantonment for a battalion of sepoys. This city carries on a very extensive trade with nil parts of India. It is the principal mart for the diamonds found in the mines of Bundelcund, and its manufactures of gold and silver lace, silks, and brocade?, are carried to all parts of the East. The Church Missionary Society have lately sent sev- BEN 95 oral missionaries here, with a printing establish- ment. They have also the superintendance of a charity school, which has been very liberally en- dowed by a native Hindoo with the sum of 88,000 rupees, or 11,OOOZ. Students are admitted from 12 to 18 years of age ; the course of study is 12 years. In 1819, the number in the school was 121, of whom 63 were studying English, 32 Per- sian, 11 Hindee and Sanscrit, and 15 Bengalee. Benatek. See Benadky. Benararre, t. Spain, in Arragon, 18 m. E. N. E. Balbastro. Pop. 1,562. Benavente, t. Spain, in Leon, 36 m. S. Leon. Pop. 2,136. Benbecula, isl. of the Hebrides, between North and South Uist. Lon. 7 18' W. Lat. 57 26' N. Bencoolen, the only British settlement on the island of Sumatra. For a few years it was a distinct presidency, but is now incorporated with that of Bengal. The culture of pepper is the pro- fessed and only object of the whole settlement, and it yields about 1000 tons. Lon. 102 16' 15" E. Lat. 3 49' 16" S. Ben-Cou-se, or Nic Coicse, v. in the S. part of the Algerine territory, 63 m. S. W. Constantina. Benda. See Banda. Bend Emir, r. Persia, in Fars, flows into lake Batkegan. Bender, a regularly fortified t, of Eu. Russia, in Bessarabia, on the Dneister. In 1770, the Russians took it from the Turks, but restored it at the peace of Kaynardgi. They got possession of it a second time ; restored it at the peace of Jassy ; again made themselves masters of it in the last war, and retained it at the peace of 1812. 100 m. E. Jassy, and 100 W. Oczakoy. Lon. 29 36' E. Lat. 46 50' 32" N. Pop. about 30,000. Bender Abassi. See Gombroon. Bender Boshavir. See Bushire. Bender Rigk, s-p. Persia, in Fars, on the N. side on the Persian gulf, 35 m. N. Bushire. The fort Bender Risher, is 18 m. S. E. Bushire. Bendorf, t. Prussia in prov. of Lower Rhine, on the Rhine, 5 m. N. Coblentz. Pop. 1,500. Bendschin, or Bendsche, t. Austrian Silesia, 7 m. S. W. Jagerndorf. Lon. 17 35' E. Lat. 49 53' N. Benedict, p-t. Charles co. Md. on the W. side of Patuxent river, 47 m. E. Washington. Benevento, dutchy, Italy, included in Principato Ultra, of the kingdom of Naples, but belonging to the States of the Church. It consists of the city of Benevento and a small district around it, about 1 1 miles square. Pop. 20,000. Benevento, city, Italy, included in the kingdom of Naples, but in reality, the capital of a small dutchy belonging to the States of the Church. No place in Italy, with the exception of Rome, con- tains so many interesting remains of antiquity as Benevento. 25 m. E. Capua, 30 N. E. Naples, 109 S. E. Rome. Lon. 14 38' E. Lat. 41 7' N. Pop. 14,000. Benfelden, t. France, in Lower Rhine, 15 m. S. S. W. Strasburg. Pop. 1,220. Bengal, an extensive aud valuable province of Hindostan, 400 miles long and 300 broad, situated between 21 and 27 N. Lat. and between 86 and 92 E. Lon. On the N. and E. it is bounded by the mountains of Nepaul, Assam, and Ava ; on the S. by a line of inhospitable and dangerous sea coast; on the W. it joins Bahar and Oude. Ex- tent of the territories under the Bengal presidency 222,000 sq. miles. Pop. 39,000,000, according to 96 BEN BEN the estimate of Hamilton. Its soil produces every thing requisite lor the sustenance of life, and in such abundance that the crops of one year are suffi- cient for the consumption of its inhabitants for two years. The revenues consist chiefly of rents paid to the government for land. In the years 1811-12 they amounted, including those of Bahar and O- rissa, to 2,590,OOOZ. sterling. The exports of Ben- gal are principally rice, cotton and silk both raw and manufactured ; indigo, sugar, saltpetre, ivory, tobacco, and drugs of various kinds. Its imports are gold and silver, copper and bar iron, woollen cloths of every description, tea, salt, glass and china ware. The south-east districts produce elephants, which are used by the opulent natives for state or riding, and also for carrying the camp equipage of the army. Bengal is intersected by the Ganges, the^Brahmapootra, Dummooda, and several other rivers, so connected by various streams, and the annual inundations, that there is scarcely a town which does not enjoy the benefits of an inland navigation. The greater proportion of the inhabitants are Hindoos : they are very dark, but not so black as Africans. They are small and delicate in their persons, of a timid temper, and excessively litigious. The Mahometans, who constitute about one tenth of the population, are the descendants of the Afghan and Mogul conquer- ors, and Arabian merchants. The descendants of the Portuguese are numerous. The climate of Bengal is found to agree very well with European constitutions. The year is there divided into three seasons, viz. the hot, the rainy, and the cold ; the former begins in March and ends in June ; the rains then commence,, and continue till October, after which it becomes cool, and the weather con- tinues pleasant for four months. This province in 1757, fell into the hands of the English, who have gradually changed its form of government, and in- troduced a code of regulations founded on the Hin- doo, Mahometan, and English laws, by which impar tial justice is administered to all the inhabitants, and toleration granted to all religions; owing to which the country improves, and the population increas- es. Calcutta is the seat of government. The military establishment of Bengal consists of 3 bat- talions of European artillery, with a number of natives attached, for the subordinate departments ; 1 regiment of European infantry; CO battalions of native infantry, and 8 regiments of native cav- alry : to each company of native infantry and troop of cavalry an European officer is attached. Ex- clusive of the above, there are always some of the king's regiments employed under the Bengal gov- ernment. Bengal Passage, between Pulo-Brasse and Pulo- Way. Bengo, r. W. Africa, falls into the Atlantic, lat. 8 50' S. Bengore Head, cape, Ireland, on the N. coast of Antrim. Lon. 6 19' W. Lat. 55 15' N. Benguela, territory of W. Africa, immedi- ately S. of Angola. Its coast extends from. Coan- za river to cape Negro, from 10 30 7 to 16 15' S.lat Benguda, jVcw, fi-p. in Benguela, on Cow's bay, which affords very safe and convenient anchorage. Lon. 13 30' E. Lat. 12 28' S. Beni, r. Peru, rises in the Andes, near Lake Titicaca, between 17" and 18 S. lat. and joins the Apurimac in 10' S. lat. to form the Ucayale. Bcnicarlo, t. Spain, in Valencia, 85 m. N. E. Va- lencia. Pop. 5,358. Jit ni-Mczsar, district, S. part of Algeirs. The chief town is Gardeiah. Benin, a kingdom of W. Africa, extendingfrom the Rio Lagos to the Rio Formosa, which falls into the Atlantic in Ion. 5 20' E. The whole coast pre- sents a succession of estuaries, some of them very broad, and the origin of which has never been ex- plored. These streams, dividing into branches and intersecting the country, form a great number of alluvial islands, and this aspect of the coast has suggested to a recent geographer, that these islands might form the Delta of the Niger or great central river of Africa, the termination of which is invol- ved in so much mystery. The king of Benin is an absolute monarch. The inhabitants are gentle in their manners and in agricultural industry are superior to most of the African tribes. Benin, the capital, is in Ion. 5 5' E. lat. 6 15' N. Benisuef, t. Upper Egypt, 60 m. S. Cairo. Lat. 4042'N. Benlomond, mountain, Scotland, rises from Loch- lomond, to the height of 3,240 feet. Benneckenslein,t. of the Prussian states, 13m.N. Nordhausen, 18 S. W. Halberstudt. Ben-Nevis, mountain, Scotland, in Dumbarton co. the highest in Great Britain, being 4,370 feet above the level of the sea. Bennington, co. in the S. W. part of Vermont, bounded N. by Rutland co. E. by Windham co. S. by Massachusetts, and W. by New York. Chief town, Bennington. Pop. 16,125. Engaged in agriculture 4,024, in commerce 32, in manufac- tures 784. Bennington, p-t. Bennington co. Vt. 37 m.N. E. Albany, 132 VV. N. W. Boston, 68 S. W. Windsor. Pop. in 1810, 2,524. It lies on the New York line, and is surrounded, except on the east, with a fine, fertile farming country. Foreign goods are gener- ally procured from Troy on the Hudson. Two fa- mous battles were fought near this town, August 16th, 1777, in which General Stark, at the head of 800 American militia defeated the British. Bennington, t. Genesee co. N. Y. 15 m. S. W. Bata-via. Pop. 796. Bennington, t. Mercer co. Pa. on the Chenango river, 60 m. N. N. W. Pittsburg. Bennington, t. Licking co. Ohio. Pop. 210. Benodet. See Boyne Islands. Benoit. See Aniane. Benou-m, t. and cap. of Ludamar, in central Af- rica. Lon. 7 10' W. Lat. 15 5' N. Bensalem, t. Bucks co. Pa. on the Delaware, above Philadelphia. Pop. 1,667. Bensberg, t. of the Prussian states, in the Lower Rhine, 7 m. E. Mulheim. Bensboro, p-v. Pitts co. N. C. about 60 m. S. E. Raleigh. Bensheim, t. in the grand dutch y of Hesse, prin- cipality of Starkenburg, 8 m. S. Darmstadt, 20 N. Heidelberg. Pop. 3,100. Bensinglon, or Benson, v. Eng. in Oxfordshire, 46 m. from London. Benson, p-t. Rutland co. Vt. on LakeChamplain, 57 m. N. Bennington. Pop. in 1810, 1,561. Bent creek, p-v. Buckingham co. Va. 112m. W. Richmond. Benlheim, a county of Germany, included in the kingdom of Hanover. It contains 440 square miles and 24,000 inhabitants. the chief town of Bentheim county, B E R 32 m. N. W. Munster, 38 W . Osnabruck. Lon. 7 5'E. Lat. 52 20" N. Pop. 1,650. Benlinck Point, the N. E. point of Hinchmbrook island, N. W. coast of America. Lon. 214 24' E. Lat. 60 2tf N. Bentinck's Arms, 2 branches of an inlet on the N. W. coast of America. Lon. 233 to 233 21' E. Lat. 52 to 52 25' N. Bentleysville, p-v. Halifax co. N. C. about 50 m. E. Raleigh. Benton, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y. on the W. side of Seneca Lake ; S. W. Canandaigua. Pop. 3,357. Bemcell,t. Eng. in Northumberland, 2m. W. Newcastle. Bera, district of Celebes, on the sea-coast, ex- tending E. from the river Bampang, to the point of Lassoa Berar, province, Hind, belonging to the Mabnit- tas and Nizam. Berat, or drdaulh Belgrade, t. Eu. Turkey, in Albania, 40 m. N. E. Aulona. Pop. 12,000. Beraun,t. Bohemia, cap. ofa district. Pop. 1,857, 14m.S. W.Prague. Bcraunka, r. Bohemia, which flows into the Mol- dau at Konigssaal. Berawa. SeeBrara. Berbera, district, Africa, extending from the straits of Babelmandel to Cape Guardatui. It is the native country of myrrh, incense, and gums, which are exported thence to all quarters of the world. Berbera, t. Africa, capital of the Berbera district. Here a large fair is annually held, which is resort- ed to by caravans from a great distance in the inte- rior. The articles sold are gum arabic, myrrh and frankincense. Berbice, r. S. America, in Guiana. It enters the Atlantic in lat. 6 l L>0' N. Ion. 57 16' W. A bar of sand prevents any vessels drawing more than 14 fcet water, from entering the river. Berbice, a district of Guiana, which formerly belonged to the. Dutch, but is now in possession of Britain, having been finally ceded by the peace of Paris in 1814. It extends along the sea-coast, 150 miles from Abarry creek on the W. to Coran- tine river on the E. The coast is low and marshy, and except at the settlement, is inundated from the sea. All the plantations are strongly diked. The land is continually encroaching upon the sea. On many parts of the coast, it has advanced two miles within 20 years. The soil is a rich clay, and yields maize, sugar cane, cocoa, all the tropical fruits, and all the necessaries and luxuries of life. The climate is very uniform, the range of the ther- mometer being from 76 to 84 ; and is much healthier than formerly. The population of Ber- bice in 1811, according to official returns, was 25,959, of whom 550 were whites and the rest ne- groes. Within a few years, however, many of the estates have been broken up, and the slaves trans- ferred to Demerara. The population at present is about 18,000. The exports are sugar, rum, -;, cocoa, &c. The value of exports in 1810, was 51,785/. and of the imports, 191,566^. New Amsterdam is the capital. Bercficm, t. Netherlands, in Antwerp. Pop. Berching, t. Bavaria, on the Saltz, 26 in. W. N. W. Ratisbon. Pop. 1,400. Bercfttolsgadden, t. of the Austrian empire, 13 m. S. Saltzburg. Pop. 3,000. B E R 97 Berckel, r. Germany, rwns into the Yssel, at Zutphen. Berdicsow, t. Russia, in Volhynia, 324 m. S. E. Warsaw. Pop. 1,341. Berdoa. See Burgu. Berealslon, t. and borough, Eng. Devonshire, 5 m. from Tavistock. Beregh, county, on the N. side of the Theyss, in Hungary. Pop. 81,888. Berclos. See Bourlos. Beresford's Islands, probably the same as the Sartine Islands, in the Pacific. Lon. 129 57' W. Lat. 50 52' N. Beresueka, t. Russia, on the Volga, 124 m. S. Saratov. Berezina, t. Russia, in Minsk, 44 m. N. E. Minsk. Berezina, r. Russia, famous for the disastrous passage of the French in their retreat from Rus- sia, in 1812. It falls into the Dnieper, near Ret- chitza. Beresinskoi, t. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the Irtisch, 40 m. E. Tobolsk. Beresov, t. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the Soswa, 18 m. from its confluence with the Ob. Lat. 64 N. Beresovskoi, t. Russia, on the Ural, 140 m.E. N. E. Orenburg. Berg, formerly a dutchy of Germany, in the cir- cle of Westphalia, bounded N. by the dutchy of Cleves, E. by the county of Mark and the dutchy of Westphalia, S. by the Westerwald, and W. by the Rhine. It belonged to the Elector of Bava- ria previous to 1815. It now belongs to Prussia, and is included in the province of Juliers-Cleves- Berg. Pop. 267,479. Berg, & county of the Netherlands, in Guelder- land, district of Zutphen. Berg, r. Africa, falls into St. Helena bay. Lat. 32 10' S. Berga, t. of the Prussian states, on the Elster, 12m. N. E. Neustadt. Bergamasco, a district in Austrian Italy, in the Lombardo-Venetian kingdom, bounded N. by the Valteline, E. by the Bresciano, S. by the Cremo- nese, and W. by the Milanese. Pop. 366,000. Bergamo, city, Upper Italy, cap. of Bergamasco, between the rivers Brembo and Serio. It is pro- tected by a castle and walls. Here is a fair on the 24th of August which is frequented by mer- chants from Italy, Germany, and Switzerland. The great trade of the town is in silk, which is ex- ported to Germany, France, and England. The imports are fine cloth from England, France, and Holland, camlets from Holland and Flanders', coarse cloths, spiceries and drugs, from Germany, and corn from the Milanese. 28 m. N. E. Milan, 28 N. W. Brescia, 38 N. W. Cremona. Lon. 9 38' E. Lat. 45 42' N. Pop. 25,000. Bergedorf, t. Germany, territory of Hamburg, 9 m. E. S. E. Hamburg. Pop. 2,000. Bergen, one of the 5 bishopricks into which Norway is divided, between 5 14' and 724'E. Ion. and between 59 34' and 62 39' N. lat. Sq. miles, 14,356. Pop. 150,000. Bergen, t. Norway, capital of the bishoprick and government of Bergenhuus. It lies at the bottom of a long bay, which is inclosed on all sides by rug- ged and barren rocks. The harbor is secure but the access is attended with considerable danger. The inhabitants are employed chiefly in naviga^ lion, trade, and fishing. Dried fish and train oil B E R B E R are exchanged v/ith the Dutch, English, Swedes, and other nations, for corn, and the necessaries ol" life. 180 m. N. Staveuger, and 270 S. W. Dron- theim. Lon. 7 14' E. Lat. 60 10' N. Pop. 18,000. Bcrgen, t. Netherlands, 3 m. N. Alkmaer. Bergen,t. Germany, 3 m. N. E. Frankfort on the Main. Bergen, t. Prussia, capital of the island of Ru- gen, in the Baltic, 13 m. N. E. Stralsund. Lon. 13 34' E. Lat. 54 28' N. Pop. 1,535. Bergen, p-t. Geneseeco. N. Y. 14 m. N. E. Ba- tavia. Pop. 2,438. Bergcn, co. N. J. on the Hudson opposite New- York. Pop. 18,178; slaves 1,683; engaged in agriculture 3,126, in commerce 57, in manufactures 994. Chief t. Hackensac. Bergen, t. Bergen co. N. J. 3 m. W. New-York; Pop. 3,137. Here is an academy. Bergenneck is the peninsula extending from Bergen S. 6 miles, be- tween New- York bay on the E. and Newark bay on the W. and is divided by a strait on the S. from Staten Island. Bergen-op-Zoom, or Berg-op-Zoom, t. and fort, Netherlands, in North Brabant, near the East Scheldt, with which it has communication by a canal. 18 m. N. N. W. Antwerp. Lon. 4 5' E. Lat.5132'N. Pop. 4,800. Bergerac, t. France, in Dordogne, on the river Dordogne. Pop. 8,344. It was one of the prin- cipal strong-holds of the Huguenots. 40 m. E. Bordeaux. Bergheim, t. France, in Upper Rhine, 5 m. S. W. Schelestat. Bergoo, territory in the interior of Africa, bounded E. by Darfur, W. by Begherme, and N.by Bornou, to which it is tributary. Wara is the capital. Berg-Reichenstein-Kaschpersky-Hory, mining t. Bohemia, 20 m. W. Prachatitz. Lon. 13 26' E. Lat. 49 6' N. Pop. 1,434. Bergues St. Winoe, t. France, in North, on the Colme, between Dunkirk and Mont-Cassel. Pop. 5,100. 5 m. S. Dunkirk. Bergsabern, t. Bavaria, in the circle of the Rhine, 6 m. S. S. W. Landau. Lon. 8E. Lat. 49 6' N. Pop. 2,000. Berhampore, fort, Bengal, 5 m. from Moorsheda- bad. Beringon. See Beering's Island. Berka, t. Saxe Weimar, 9 m. N. Eisenbach. Berkhamstead, t. Eng. in Hertfordshire, 9 m. S. W. St. Albans. Pop. 1,963. .Berfcfey,t.Eng.Gloucestershire,on the Little A von. Berkley, p-t. Bristol co.Mass. on Taunton river, opposite Taunton, at the head of sloop navigation; 36 m. S. Boston. Pop. 1,060. Berkley, or Sandtoicn, v. Gloucester co. N. J. 14 m. fr. Philadelphia. Berkley, co. Va. on the Potomac, W. of the Blue ridge. Pop. 11,211, slaves 1,898 ; engaged in agri- culture 1,831, in commerce 27, in manufactures 606. Chief t. Martinsburg. Berkley's Sound, N. W. coast of America, 70 m. S. E. Nootka Sound. Berkley Springs,p-v. Berkly co. Va. on the Po- tomac, 110m. above Washington. The waters of the springs are warm, and though weakly mineral- ized are much resorted to, being in a populous country and provided with accommodations for visitors. Berka, or Berkshire, co. Eng. bounded N. by Ox- ford and Buckingham, E. by Surrey, S. by Hamp- shire, and W. by Wiltshire. It contains 476,160 acres, or nearly 744 square miles. Population in TCll, 118,277 ; families, 25 ,051, of which number, 13,409 were engaged in agriculture, and 7,584 in commerce. Berks, co. Pa. on the Schuylkill. Pop. 46,275 ; engaged in agriculture 5,217, in commerce 125, m manufactures 2,928. Chief t. Reading. Berkshire, p-t. Franklin co. Vt. on the Missisque river, 39 m. N. Burlington. Pop. in 1810, 918. Berkshire, co. Mass, the W. part of the State ; Pop. 35,720 ; engaged in agriculture 7,568, in com- merce 133, in manufactures 2,019. Chief t. Len- ox. It is crossed from N. to S. by the Green Mountains. Quarries of marble are opened in Stockbridge, Sheffield, Lanesborough, and other places. Berkshire, p-t. Broomeco. N. Y. 160 m. W.S.W. Albany. Pop. 1,502. Berkshire, p-t Delaware co. Ohio, lOm.E. Del-, aware, 23 N. Columbus. Pop. 190. Berkshire valley, p-v. Morris co. N. J. Berlareo, t. Netherlands, in Antwerp. Pop.3,236. Berlaimont, t. France, in North, 6 m. N. W. Avesnes. Pop. 1,550. Berleberg, t. Prussian grand dutchy of the Low- er Rhine, on the Berlenbach, 20 m. N. W. Mar- burg, 70 E. Cologne. Berlin, the capital of the Prussian states, is on the Spree, in the Middle Mark of Brandenburg, and is one of the most beautiful cities of Europe, the circumference of its walls and pallisades is 11 miles, and the entrance is through 15 gates. The streets are for the most part broad and straight, and the squares regular and spacious. The population made a rapid progress during the last century. In 1661 it was only 6,500, while in 1818 it was 182,387, or including the military, 188,485. Ber- lin is indebted for its chief embellishments to the celebrated Frederick II. who is supposed to have expended yearly in the improvement of this city 400,000 dollars. The city is made up of 5 distinct towns. I. Berlin Proper, in which are the gover- nor's house, and the council chamber ; the royal arsenal, from which the whole Prussian army is supplied with clothing ; Frederick's hospital, in which above 800 children are gratuitously educa- ted. H. Coin, or Cologne on the Spree, in which is the royal castle, 430 feet in length, and 276 in breadth. This building contains the king's libra- ry, which has upwards of 200,000 volumes, and receives a frequent increase, as two copies of every new book must be deposited in it by the publishers. III. Frcderickswerder or Frederick's Island, containing the medical college, the old cus- tom-house, the old mint, the royal arsenal and foundery, the stamp-office, &c. IV. Dorotheensladt, or JVew Town, containing among others, the royal academy of sciences, with its elegant hall, library, and cabinet of medals, the observatory, the ana- tomical theatre, &c. V. Frederickstadt, the largest of the 5 towns. Here are situated the principal courts of law, the porcelain manufactory, the mag- nificent palace of the grand master of the order of Malta, &c. Berlin is highly distinguished for its manufactures : the principal articles are silk, wool- len, liuen, and cotton goods, jewellery, porcelain, &c. The number of manufacturers is about 16,000, of which number, 3,000 are engaged in the silk manufactories, and 5,000 in the royal porcelain manufactory. Berlin was taken by the Austrians and Russians in 1760, and was occupied by Bonaparte in 1806, al- ter the battle of Jena. 25 m.E. Bradenburg,45 N. W. Frankfort on the Oder, 75 S. W. Stettin, 300 N. by W. Vienna. Lon. 1322' E. lat. 5231'45" N. B E R Berlin, t. Washington co. Vt. on Onion river, op- posite Montpelier. Pop. in 1810, 1,067. Berlin, t. Worcester co. Mass. 14 m. N. E. Wor- cester, 34 W. Boston. Pop. 625. Berlin, p-t. Hartford co. Ct. 11 m. S. Hartford, 23 N. New Haven, on the turnpike road between these two cities. It is divided into three parishes : Worthington, Kensington and New Britain. Pop. 2,887. Worthington is the principal seat of the manufacture of tin ware, which is carried on by pedlars to a very great extent. The pedlars set off in the autumn in waggons loaded with the tin ware, together with other articles of merchandize, and proceed chiefly to the southern and western States. Workmen are also sent out by water with a sufficient quantity of the raw materials to employ them during the winter and establish themselves in different towns in the interior. To them the pedlar resorts, when his stock is exhaus- ted, for a fresh supply. In this way a large amount of goods is sold during the six or eight months that they are absent. Berlin, t. Rensselaer co. N. Y. 32 m. E. Albany, 19 S. E. Troy. Pop. 1,986. Berlin, p-t. Adams co. Pa. on Conewaga creek, 13 m. W. York, 100 W. Philadelphia. Berlin, bor. and p-t. Somerset co. Pa. 25 m. W. Bedford. Pop. 382. Berlin, t. Coshocton co. Ohio. Pop. 395. Berlin, p-t. Huron co. Ohio. Berlinchen, t. of the Prussian states in the New Mark of Bradenburg, 36 m. N. N. E. Custrin, 80 E. N. E. Berlin. BerlinsviUe, p-v. Northampton co. Pa. Bermuda hundred, Chesterfield co. Va. a small village on the point of land at the confluence of the Appomattox with James river. On this pe- ninsula, 2 m. S. W. of the village, is City Point, which see. Bermudas, or Somer's Islands, a cluster of small islands in the Atlantic Ocean, in number about 400, but for the most part so small and barren, that they have neither inhabitants nor name. 200 leagues distant from Cape Hatteras in N. Caroli- na, which last is the nearest land to them. They extend from N. E. to S. W. about 45 miles. Their whole coast is surrounded with rocks. The north point of the islands lies in lat. 32 34' N. Ion. 63 28' W. The largest of these islands are St. George, which is 4 or 5 miles long, and 2 broad ; St. David, Cooper, Ireland, Somerset, Long isl- and, Bird island, and Nonesuch. On the first there is a town, containing about 300 houses. The winter is hardly perceptible here. The fields and trees are clad in perpetual green, and so salubri- ous is the air, that invalids frequently come hither for the recovery of their health. The Bermudas contain from 10,000 to 12,000 acres of poor land, of which nine parts in ten are either uncultivated, or reserved in woods for the supplying of timber for building small ships, sloops, and shallops for sale ; this being the principal employment of the inhabitants. Pop. estimated at 10,381 ; 5,462 of whom are whites, and 4,919 are blacks. They have two harvests of indian corn in the year, one in July, the other in December. They likewise cultivate tobacco, legumes, and fruit sufficient for their wants. The imports in 1809, amounted to 11,648, and the exports to 34,279. Itrrn, or Berne, a canton of Switzerland, for- merly the largest in the republic. Its present boundaries are Uri, Unterwalden, and Lucerne on the E. Aargau and Solothurn on the N. the Jura mountains, Friboure, and Vaud OB the W. and the B E R 99 Valais on the S. It comprehends 3,872 square miles, and 215,000 inhabitants. Bern, the capital of the canton of Berne, stands on the declivity of a hill near the Aar, which washes three sides of the town. It is large, and in part fortified. The scenery of the environs is very romantic. It was taken by the French in 1798, after several bloody skirmishes. 50 m. S. W. Zurich, 75 N. E. Geneva. Lon. 7 26' E. lat. 46 56' 55' N. Pop. 13,340. Bern, p-t. Albany co. N. Y. 20 m. W. Albany, 14 from Schoharie. Pop. 5,531. Bern, t. Berks co. Pa. 14 m. N. W. Reading. Bern, t. Fairfield co. Ohio, on the Hockhocking, 3 m. W. Lancaster. Pop. 923. Bernang, or Bernegg, district and v. Switzer- land, in St. Gall, 8 m. E. N. E. Appenzel. Bernard's Castle. See Barnard's. Bernardston, p-t. Franklin co. Mass. 5 m. N, Greenfield. Pop. 912. JBernardstown, t. Somerset co. N. J. Pop. 2,063. Bernau, t. Prussia, in the Middle Mark of Brau- denburg, 14 m. N. E. Berlin. Pop. 1,600. Bernau, t. Bavaria, 28 m. N. E. Amburg. Bernay, t. France, in Eure. Pop. 6.470. 28 m. W. N. W. Evreux. Bernburg, a portion of the principality of An- halt, in Germany, containing 330 square miles, with 36,000 inhabitants, and yielding a revenue of upwards of 200,000 dollars. Bernberg the chief town, is on the Saale, 20 m. W. Dessau, 24 S. Magdeburg. Lon. 11 52' E. Lat. 51 50' N. Berncaslel, t. Prussian states, in Lower Rhine, on the Moselle, 18m. E. N. E. Treves. Pop. 1,564. Berne. See Bern. Berneck, t. Bavaria, 8 m. N. N. E. Bayreuth. Berner's Bay, on the N. W. coast of America, between Point Bridget and Point St. Mary. Lat. 5843i'N. Berneszo, t. Sardinia, in Piedmont. Pop. 2,600. Bernier's Island, on the W. coast of New-Hol- land. Lat. 24 50' S. Bernstadt, t. Prussia, in Silesia, on the Weida, 20 m. E. Breslau. Pop. 2,592. Bernstadt, t. Saxony, 9 m. S. W. Gorlitz. Lon. 1454'E. Lat. 51 2' N. Pop. 1,600. Berre, t. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone, 16 m. N. W. Marseilles. Pop. 1,660. Berry, before the revolution, a province of France, bounded S. by La Marche, W. by Tour- aine and Poitou, N. by Blaisois, Sologne, Orlean- nois proper, and Gatinois, and E. by Nivernois and Bourbonnois. Berry-hill-bluff, p-v. Putnam co. Geo. Berryslick, p-v. Logan co. Ky. Berrysville, p-v. Charles co. Md. Berrysville, p-v. Mecklenburg co. N. C. Bersch, t. France, in Lower Rhine, 16 m. W, Strasburg. Pop. 1,878. Berschets, t. Austria, in Illyria, on the Adriatic, 38 m. S. Trieste. Lat. 45 27' N. Bertet, t. Tui-key, in Mai'asch, en the Euphrn. tes, 50 m. S. Malatia. Bersello, t. Italy, in Reggio, on the Po, 10 m. j < . E. Parma. Pop. 4,000. Berthier, v. and seigniory, Warwick co. Lower Canada, on the N. shore of the St. Lawrence, 46 m. N. E. Montreal, 50 S. W. Three-Rivers. The village contains at least 80 houses, and many granaries, and store-houses of British manufac- tured goods. The neighbouring country is thriv- ing and populous, and from it large quantities of grain are annually exported. Pop, of the seim- ory, 5,000. 100 B E S Berthier, seigniory, Hertford co. Lower Cana- da, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 25 m. E. Quebec. Bertie, t. Lincoln co. Upper Canada, on Lake Erie, at its eastern extremity, having Niagara river on the east. Bertie, co. N. C. on the Roanoke, at its en- trance into Albemarle Sound. Pop. 1,805 ; slaves 5,725 ; engaged in agriculture 3,440, in commerce 11. Chief t. Windsor. Bertinoro, t. Italy, States of the Church, 15 m. S. Ravenna. Lat. 44 9' N. Pop. 3,500. Bertiola,^-p. Brazil, 15 m. S. St. Sebastian. Bervie, or Inrtrbeme, t. Scotland, Kincardine- shire, on the sea coast, 13 m. N. E. Moutrose. Berwick, a county of Scotland, bounded N. by Haddington, E. by the German ocean, W. by Midlothian, and S. by Roxboroughshire and the Tweed. It contains about 446 square miles, or 285,440 English acres, of which upward of 100,000 are arable, and 185,000 are in hill and pasture, The population in 1811 was 30,779; families 6,867, of whom 3,124 were engaged in agricul- ture, and 2,013 in commerce. Berwick-upon-Tu-eed, t. and county in itself, on the N. side of the Tweed, within half a mile of its confluence with the German ocean. It formerly belonged to Scotland, and was the chief town in the county of Berwick, au.d the theatre of many sanguinary conflicts between the English and Scottish armies. It was finally ceded to England in 1502 ; and by a treaty between Edward VI. and Mary Queen of Scotland, it was declared to be a free town, independent of both states. Many privileges still remain, peculiar to the town and its liberties. Its chief trade consists in exporting corn, pork, eggs, and salmon. The salmon fishe- ry employs about 70 boats, and 300 men. The Berwick smacks that sail between London and that town, have long been famed for their accom- modation, safety, and expeditious sailing, and for many years engrossed the carrying trade for the Eastern district of Scotland. Pop. 7,746. 336 m. N. W.London, 54 S. E. Edinburgh. Berwick North, t. Scotland, Haddington co. on the Frith of Forth, 22 m. E. Edinburgh. Pop. 1,727. Berwick, t. York co. Maine, on Salmon fall fiver, 16 m. N. W. Portsmouth. The village ex- tends about 2 miles along the river, and carries on a considerable trade, chiefly in lumber. Berwick has an academy. Pop. 2,736. Berurick, South, p-t. Yorkco. Maine, on Salmon fall river, 12 m. N. W. York, 17 N. by W. Ports- mouth. Pop. in 1810, 4,455. At the landing at the foot of the falls is a flourishing village. Berwick, p-t. Columbia co. Pa. on the E. branch of the Susquehannah, opposite the falls in Nesco- peck creek, 22 m. above Sunbury. Berwick, or Abbotstown, t. Adams co. Pa. 41 m. S. W. from Harrisburgh. Pop. 1.207. BesagnOy r. Italy, runs into the gulf of Genoa. Besancon, a large, ancient, and well built city, France, formerly capital of Franche Comte, now of the department of the Doubs. It is on the Doubs, which nearly surrounds it. It was strong- ly fortified by Louis XIV. Its citadel is on a sharp rock. 56 m. E. Dijon, 235 S. E. Paris. Lon. 6 2 45" E. Lat. 47 13' 45" N. Pop. 28,200. Besborough Island, in Norton Sound, on the N. W. coast of America. Lat. 64 10' N. Beschtan, or Five-Mountains, Asia, in Cauca- sus, the most northern range of the Caucasian BET chain. There is an establishment of British mis- sionaries at its base, over which a native of" Scot- land presides ; aud there is a printing prc^s be- longing to it, from whence many religious tracts in the Eastern languages have issued. 30 m. fr. Georgiefsk. Bescon, t. France, in Maine-and-Loire, 7$ m. \V. Angers. Bexigheim, t. Wirtemburg, at the influx of the Enz into the Neckar, 23 m. N. Stutgard. Pop. 1,960. Besos, r. Spain, falls into the Mediterranean, near Barcelona. Bessarabia, or Budziac Tartary, province, Rus^- sia, on the Black Sea, between the Danube and the Dneister. It was formerly in the hands of the Turks, but in 1812 was ceded to Russia. The Budziac Tartars formerly inhabited this country, but many of them have emigrated to the banks of the Kuban. Bensastadcr, t. Iceland, on a peninsula, on the W. coast. Bessau, s-p. W. Africa, on the Grain coast. Loo, 940'W. Lat.550'N. Besse, t. France, in Puy-de-Domc, 24 m. S. Clermont Ferrand. Pop. 1,338. Besse, t. France, in Var, 18 m. N. E. Toulon. Besse-C(jurtenraux, t. France, in Sarthe, 3 m. S. St. Calais. Pop. 1,800. Bessines, t. France, in Upper Vienne, 18 m. N. Limoges. Pop. 2,5 10. Betnmore Head, cape, on the W. coast of Skye. Lon. 6 43' W. Lat. 57 26' N. Betanzos, the Flatium Brigantium, or Flavio- briga of the Romans, t. Spain in Galicia, 7 m. S. E. Corunna. Pop. 1,600. Beieskoc, t. Siberia, on the Irtisch, 230 m. S. E. Tobolsk. Bethabara, Moravian settlements, Stokes co. N. C. 4 m. S. E. Bethany. Bethany, v. Palestine. Here is shown a grotto which is pretended to be the sepulchre of Laza- rus. It is 3 m. S. Jerusalem. Another 15 m. N. Jerusalem. Bethany, p-t. Genesee co. N. Y. 6 m. S. Batavia. Pop. 1,691. Bethany, p-t. and cap. Wayne co. Pa. 50 m. N. E. Wilksbarre. Pop. 193. Bethany, p-t. Stokes co. N. C. settled by Mora- vians, 9 m. N. W. Salem. It contains about 60 houses. See Wachovia. Bethany, a settlement in S. Africa, in Great Namaqualand, and formerly called Klip fountain, 55 m. N. of the Great river, about 550 fr. Cape- town. The London Society, has a missionary here. Bethel, p-t. Oxford co. Maine, on the Andros- coggin, 18 m. N. W. Paris. Pop. 1,267. Bethel, t Windsor co. Vt. 29 m. N. W. Wind- sor. Pop. in 1810, 1,041. Bethel, p-t. Sullivan co. N. Y. on Delaware riv- er, W. of Thompson. Pop. 1,096. Bethel, t. Bedford co. Pa. Pop. 1,083. Bethel, t. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 1,294. Bethel, t. Delaware co. Pa. Pop. 324. Bethel, t. Dauphin co. Pa. Pop. including Easthanover and Rush, 397. Bethel, t. Lebanon co. Pa. Pop. 2,538. Bethel, p-t. Clermont co. Ohio, 7 m. S. Wil- liamsburg. Pop. in 1815, 100. Bethel, t. Clarke co. Ohio. Pop. 978. Bethel, t. Huron co. Ohio. Pop. 164. Another, Miami co. Pop. 1,043. BET Betheisdorp, a Hottentot settlement, in S. Africa , about 500 miles east of Cape-town. It consists of about 1200 persons. The Missionaries of the London Society have laboured here since 1802, and with great success. Hundreds of Hottentots have been converted to Christianity, and their im- provement in civilization is great. They now practice no less than 16 trades. Bethesda, a settlement in S. Africa, on the great Orange river, formerly called Orlam's Kraal, about 700 miles from Cape town. The London Society has a missionary here. Bethlehem, or Bethlehem Ephratah, or Ephratah, t. Palestine, on a mountain covered with vines and olives, 6 m. S. Jerusalem. It is remarkable as the birth place of CHRIST. The manger wherein he was laid, is pretended to be shown. The convent over it is a solid stone^structure, and includes three religious houses, for Franks, Greeks, and Armen- ians. Bethlehem contains at present about 500 families. jRffhleher.i, t. Grafton co. N. H. 69 m. N. Con- cord. Pop. 467. Betiilehem, p-t Albany co. N. Y. on the Hudson, 8 m. below Albany. Pop. 5*,114. In this town two roaiarkable caves have lately been discovered. Bethlehem, t. Hunterdon co. N. J. on a branch of the Raritan. Pop. 2,002. Edl. tchetn, p-t. Northampton co. Penn. on the Lehigh, V2 m. S. W. Easton, 53 N. Philadelphia. Pop. 1,436. It is a settlement of the Moravians or United Brethren. The situation is healthful and pleasant, and in summer is frequented by gentry from the different parts. There are two boarding schools, one for young ladies, and the other for boys, which are in high repute, and receive many scholars from New-York, Philadelphia, and other parts of the United States. Bethlehem, East, t. Washington co. Pa. on the Monongahela. Pop. 2,239. Bethlehem, West, t. Washington co. Pa. Pop. 2,187. Bethlehem, t. Northampton co. Pa. Pop. 1,868. Bethlehem, t. Stark co. Ohio. Pop. 489. Bethlehem, p-v. Clarke co. Indiana. Bethlehem's creek, or Vlaman's kill, N. Y. runs into the Hudson, 7 m. below Albany. Bethlehem-cross-roads, p-v. Southampton co. Va. Bethlem, p-t. Litchfield co. Ct. 9 m. S. Litch- field,32 N. N. W. New-Haven. Pop. 932. Bdhnall, or Bednall-Green, parish, Eng. adjoin- ing London. Bethune,t. France, in Pas-de-Calais. Pop. about 7,000. 20 m. N. W. Arras, 134 N. Paris. Lon. 2 44' E. Lat. 50 32' N. Betley, t Eng. in Staffordshire, 4 m. from New- castle-under-Line. Bellis, t. A. Turkey, near Lake Van, 100 m. N. Mosul, 110 E. Diarbekir. The population of the town and neighbouring villages is computed at 26,000 Kurds, Turks, Armenians and Syrians. Lon. 42 31' E. Lat. 37 45' N. Bettenhausen, v. Germany, in Saxe-Meiningen, 6 m. W. Meiningen. Pop. 6,520. Bettiafi, district, Hind, in Bahar, between lat. 27 and 28 N. bounded W. by the river Gun- duck, E. by the district of Tyrhoot. Bettiah city is the capital. Lon. 84 26' E. Lat. 27 3' N. Billon's Island, in the Pacific, near the coast of Revilla-Gigedo. Lon. 228 28' E. Lat. 55 21' N. Betleoriah, district, Hind, in Bengal, 100 miles long by about 20 broad, on the N. E. bank of the Ganges. B H A 101 Bdtsburs, p-v. in Jerusalem, Chenango co. N. Y. Betz, t. France, in Oise, 13 m. S. E. Senlis. Bcvagna, t. Pope's dominions, in the dutchy of Spoleto, 15 m. N. W. Spoleto. Beveland, North and South, two islands of Neth- erlands, in Zealand, formed by the branches of the Scheldt. Bever, r. Hanover, falls into the Ems, between West Bevern and Munster. Beveren, t. Netherlands, in Flanders, 15 m. N. N. E. Dendermonde. Pop. 4,930. Beverly, t. Eng. in Yorkshire. Its principal trade is in corn and coal. 9 m. N. W. Hull, 30 E. S. E. York, 128 N. London. Pop. 6,035. Beverly, t. York co. Upper Canada, 3. W. York. Beverly, p-t. Essex co. Mass, li m. N. Salem, 16 m. N. N. E. Boston. Pop. 4,283. It is connec- ted with Salem by a handsome bridge, 1500 feet long. It has a bank, and four meeting-houses ; 3 for Congregationalists, and 1 for Baptists. The inhabitants are extensively engaged in the fishe- ries. Beverly formerly Tygerfs valley, p-t. and cap. Randolph co. Va. is pleasantly situated between two branches of Valley river, and promises to be- come a place of considerable business. Here is a brick court-house and jail. 254 m. N. W. Richmond. Bevern, t. Germany, in the dutchy of Bruns- wick, 20 m. W. Eimbeck. Pop. 1,050. Beverungen, t. Prussian states, in the principali- ty of Paderborn, on the Weser, at the influx of the Bever, 24 m. S. E. Paderborn. Pop. 1,565. Beverwyck, v. Netherlands, 9 m. N. Haarlem. Bevilacqua, t. Italy, in Verona, 28 m. S. W. Pa- dua. Bevry, t. France, in Pas-de-Calais. Pop. 2,020. Beutelspach,t. Wirtemberg, 8m. S. E. Stutgard. Pop. 1,560. Beuthen Upper, t. of the Prussian states, in Si- lesia, 40 m. S. E. Oppeln. Lon. 18 53' E. Lat, 5018'N. Pop. 1,900. Beuthen Lower, t. Silesia, on the Oder, 13 m. W. N. W. Great Glogau. Lon. 15 50' E. Lat. 51* 42' N. Pop. 2,730. Beutschen, t. Prussian states, in the grand dutchy of Posen, 44 m. W. Posen. Beuzeville, v. France, in Eure, 38 m. N. W. Evreux. Pop. 2,450. Beivdley, t. Eng. in Worcestershire, on the Sev- ern, 33 m. W. Kidderminster, 14 N. Worcester. Pop. 3,454. Bex, v. Switzerland, in Vaud, 43 m. S. S. W. Bern. Beyenflelh, v. Denmark, in the dutchy of Hoi- stein,, 5 m. N. W. Gluckstadt. Beyhar, t. Bengal, cap. of Cooch Behar, on the banks of the Torssha, in lat. 26 18' N. Ion. 89 22' E. Beypour, t. Hind, on the coast of Malabar, 16 m. S. Calicut. Beyramitch, city, Asia Minor, cap. of Troas, 60 mi from the Dardanelles. Besiers,t. France, on the canal of Languedoc, 14 m. N. E. Narbonne, 38 S. W. Montpelier. Lon. 3 11' E. Lat. 43 20' N. Pop. 14,335. Besoara, t. Hind, on the Krishna, 15 m. S. E Condapilly. Bhadrinath, t. Hind, in Serinaghur, on the W. bank of the Alcanunda river. The concourse of persons is said to be annually 50,000, who make 102 B I D B I G their offerings at the shrine of the temple here. Lon. 79 38' E. Lat. 30 43' N. Bhagirutty. See Hoogly. Bhagmutty, r. Hind, in Nepaul, which flows in- to the Gunduck. Bhatgong, city, Hind, in Nepaul. It contains 12,000 houses of brick, and is the residence and seat of learning of the Brahmins of Nepaul. Bhotan. See Boolan. Bhurtpore, t. Hind, in Agra, cap. of the Jaut chief. Lon. 77 28' E. Lat. 27 13' N. Biafara, district, Africa, S. E. of Benin, almost wholly unknown. Biafaras. See Bissagos. Biala, r. separates Bilitz in Austrian Silesia, from Galicia, and falls into the Vistula ; another, runs into the Dunajetz. Biala, t. Austrian empire, in Galicia, 16 m. N. E. Fescher. Pop. 3,955. Biala, t. in the kingdom of Poland, 11 m. S. W. Brzesc. Pop. 2,720. Bialocerkiev, t. Russia, 50 m. S. S. W. Kiev, Lon. 30 10' E. Lat. 49 44' N. Pop. 1,839. Bialogrod, t. Russia, in Wilna, 8 m. S. E. Lida. Bialykamen, t. Austria^ in Galicia, near the source of the Bug, 25 m. E. N. E. Lemberg. Bialystock, t. Russia, in Grodno, 24 m. N. Bi- elsk. Lon. 22 3tf E. Lat. 53 2' N. Pop. 5,000. Biana, ancient city of Hind, in Agra. Lon. 77 16' E. Lat. 26 56' N. Bianco, isl. in the Adriatic, near the coast of Is- tria. Lon. 13 39' E. Lat. 45 16' N. Bianco, Lo, t Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 12 m. N. E. Bova. Biar, t. Spain, in Valencia. Pop. 2,800; Bibb, co. in the centre of Alabama. Pop. 3,676 ; slaves 746 ; engaged in agriculture 1,294. Bibbiena, t. Tuscany, 15 m. N. Arezzo, 26 E. Florence. Biber, r. Suabia, falls into the Danube, near Leipheim. Biberach,t. in Wirtemberg, in the district of the Danube, in a fertile and agreeable valley on the river Riess. It is not fortified, but has suffer- ed severely in the wars of the 17th and 18th cen- turies. 18 m. S. S. E. Ulm, 48 W. S. W. Augs- burg. Lon. 9 47' E. Lat. 48 7' N. Pop. 4,350. Biberbach,t. Bavaria, in the circle of the Upper Danube, 9m. from Augsburg. Pop. 1,200. Biberist,v. Switzerland, in Solothurn. Biberstein, t. Switzerland, in Bern. Bibiana, v. Sardinia, in Piedmont, near Lueer- na. Pop. 2,500. Bic, seigniory, Cornwallis co. Lower Canada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 153 m. below Quebec. Bicaneer, district, Hind, in Ajmeer, between lat. 28 and 30 N. and Ion. 72 and 75 E. Bicester, t. Eng. in Oxfordshire, 58 m. W. N. W. London. Pop. 1,921. Bichao, r. falls into the Orinoco from the W. near the falls of Atures. Bickerstaffy t. Eng. in Lancashire, 3 m. from Ormskirk. Bickertori's, or Lattai Island, in the Pacific, one of the Friendly Islands. Lon. 174 48' W, Lat. 18 47' S. Bicocca, v. Lombardo- Venetian kingdom, 2 m. N.E. Milan. Bidache, t. France, 16 m. E. Bayonne. Pop. 2,020. Bidassoa, r. separates Spain from France, and falls into the bay of Biscay, between Andaye and Fontarabia. Biddeford, s-p. York co. Maine, on Saco river, opposite Saco, 38 m. N. E. York. Pop. 1,738. Biddle, LJfce,theS. W. head of Bighorn river. Bidefordy s-p. Eng. in Devonshire, 9 m. from Barnstable. Pop. 3,244. Bidourle, r. France, falls into the Mediterrane- an, E. of Montpelier. Bidouse, r. France, runs into the Adour, near Bayonne. Bidumi, district, Syria, bounded N. by Pales- tine, W. by Egypt, andE. andS. by Arabia. Biedenkopf, t. of the grand dutchy of Hesse, 15 m. N. W. Marburg. Pop. 2,600. Bieka, or Crab, one of the Virgin islands, 9 m. E. S. E. Porto-Rico. Lon. 65 15' W. Lat. 18 N. Bielefeld, t. of the Prussian States, in the prov- ince of Westphalia. The chief trade is in linen. 22 m. N. Lippstadt, 25 E. Munster. Lon. 8 27' E. Lat. 51 53' N. Pop. 5,613. Bieleiv, t. Russia, on the Oka, 65 m. W. S. W. Thoula. Bielgorod, t. Russia, in Kursk, 68 m. S. S. W. Kursk. Lon. 35 54' E. Lat. 50 55' N. Biella, or Bioglio, t. Piedmont, 24 m. N. W. Vercelli,35 N. N. E. Turin. Pop. 8,250. Bieloi, isl. Russia, in the sea of Karskoe. Lon. 69 14' E. Lat. 73 40' N. Bieloi, t. Russia, in Smolensko, 50 m. N. N. E, Smolensko. Pop. 2, 274. Bielo-Osero, lake, Russia, in Novgorod ; the Scheksna flows from it S. to the Volga. Bielopolje, t. Russia, in Charkov, 88 m. N. N. W. Charkov. Pop. 9,050. Bielosersk,t. Russia, in Novgorod, on lake Bie- lo-Ozero, 64 m. N. E. Vologda. Lon. 38 14' E. Lat. 59 52' N. Pop. 2,800. Bielsk, t. Russia, in Grodno, 108 m. E. N. E. Warsaw. Lon. 23 1 5' E. Lat. 52 40' N. Pop. 2,830. Bienne, or Bid, t. Switzerland, in Bern, 15 m. N. W. Bern. Bientina, t. Tuscany, 15 m. E. Pisa. Bierftiet, t. Netherlands, on an island in the West Scheldt, 12 m. N. E. Sluys, 20 N. Ghent. Pop. 1,100. Bierley, North, t. Eng. Yorkshire, 2 m. from Bradford. Pop. 4,766. Biesbosch, a large lake or arm of the sea, be- tween Dort and Gertruydenburg, in S. Holland, which was formed in the year 1421, by the burst- ing of the dykes. Biesenthall, t. Prussia, 18 m. N. E. Berlin. Pop. 1,000. Bietigheim, t. Wirtemberg, at the confluence of the Metter and the Enz, 15 m. N. Stutgard. Pop. 2,200. Biferno, r. Naples, falls into the gulf of Venice, near Termoli. Bigbay-seltlcment, p-v. Johnson co. Illinois. Bigbeaver creek. See Mahoning. Bigblack, r. Mississippi, runs S. W. 170 miles, and (alls into the Mississippi at the Great Gulf, 50 m. above Natchez.. It is navigable in wet sea- sons 70 miles. Bigblue, r. Indiana, rune into the Ohio, about 16m. W. Corydon. Big-bone care. See White, co. Tennessee. Bigbone creek, Ken. runs N. into the Ohio, 40m. below Cincinnati. Big-Bone-Licks is 8 miles above its mouth, and is a tract of land on each side of the river, furrowed by the tongues of the buffa- loes and deer, who lick it for the salt with which B I L si is impregnated. U receives its name from the bones of some enormous animal which were found here. Big-dry^ r. North America, runs into the Mis- souri, 150 m. above the Yellow Stone. Big-fiats, p-v. in Elmira, Tioga co. N. Y. Bighorn River, North America, rises in the Rocky mountains, near the sources of the Platte, and falls into the Yellow Stone at Manuel's fort. Its length is 800 miles. In its course it receives two considerable rivers, one from the W. and one from the S. called Little Bighorn river. It is un- obstructed by falls, and is navigable to a great dis- tance in canoes, through a rich open country. Biggar, t. Scotland, in Lanark, 27 m. S. W. Edinburgh. Pop. 1,376. Biggleswade, t. Eng. in Bedfordshire, on the Ivel, which is navigable to this place. 45 m. N. London. Pop. 1,895. Big-lick, p-v. Botetourt co. Va. Bigprairie, t. New Madrid co. Missouri. Bigriver, t. St. Genevieve co. Missouri. Bigrirer, t. Jefferson co. Missouri. Bigrock, t. Delaware co. Ohio. Pop. 952. Bigrock, t. Pulaski co. Arkansas territory, ex- tends 80 miles along Arkansas river. Pop. 338. Big-Sandy, creek, Geo. runs into the Oconee, about 20 miles above Dublin. Big-Sandy, r. rises in the Alleghany mountain?, near the heads of the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers, and falls into the Ohio between Virginia and Kentucky. It is the boundary between these States for nearly 200 miles. It is navigable to the Wascioto mountains. The east branch joins the south or main stream 40 miles above its en- trance into the Ohio. The mouth of Little Sandy river is 20 miles below that of Big Sandy. Big Scioux, r. falls into the Missouri from the north, 882 miles above its mouth. Big springs, p-v. Washington co. Md. Big-Muddy-Creek, p-v. Randolph co. Illinois. Biguba, a small kingdom of West Africa, on the Rio Grande. Big-Walnut, creek, Ohio, runs into the E. side of the Scioto, 12 m. below Columbus. Bihar, a county of Hungary, bordering upon 1 ransylvania on the east. Pop. 386,716. Bija, r. Russia, issues from the lake Teletskoi in Kolhyvane, and joining the Katunia at Katun- skaia, is called the Ob or Oby. ^ Bijaghur, fort, Hind, in Allahabad. Lon. 83 10' Bijore, t. Cabul, cap. ofBijore district, 55 m. trom the river Indus. Lon. 70 43' E. Lat. 34 8' N. Bijugas. See Bissagos. Bikil/am, isl. in the Red sea, 24 m. from the Arabian coast. Lat. 16 18' N. Bilboa, or Bilbao, t. Spain, the capital of Biscay proper, is on the Ybaichalbal, 6 m. from the sea. is well built, has a spacious harbour, and 15,000 inhabitants. It carries on an extensive commerce, the wool of Spain being mostly exported through this channel to England, France, Holland, and other countries, while the whole of the north of Spain is supplied through it with foreign mer- chandize. The imports are stock-fish, Baltic mp, materials for ship-building, ship stores, ','ar, coffee, linen, English woollen manu- *tures, drugs, French wines, &c. There are generally imported about 160 cwt. of salt fish, and 6,000 barrels of train oil. The number of vessels, great and small, that visit the harbour yearly, ia B I M 103 between 500 and 600. 220 m. N. Madrid. Lon. T 42' W. Lat. 43 14' 15" N. Bikdulgerid, the usual name given to an exten- sive region of Africa, situated immediately S. of Algiers and Tunis. It forms the transition from the fertile plains of Barbary, to that desert of sand which covers the interior Africa. The only pro- duct is dates, which supplies the inhabitants with food, and enables them, by exchange, to procure the small quantity of foreign commodities of which they make use. These tribes are under a species of nominal subjection to the neighbouring states of Algiers and Tunis, though it scarcely amounts to more than the payment of an annual tribute, which some of them even refuse to pay. Bilgam, s-p. on the S. W. coast of Ceylon. Lon. 80 32' E. Lat. 6 N. Bilits, a small principality in Austrian Silesia, on the borders of Poland. The town of Bilitz is on the river Bialy, 15 m. E. N. E. Teschen. Lon. 1859'E. Lat. 49 48 N. Bill-Birds-Key, isl. in the Spanish Main, on the Mosquito shore. Lon. 82 54' W. Lat. 12 16' N. Bille, r. Denmark, falls into the Elbe near Ham- burgh. Billeniay, t. Eng. in Essex, 24 m. E. London. Billerzca, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. 19 m. N. Bos- ton. Pop. 1,380. Billesdon, L Eng. 8 m. E. Leicester. Billeton, isl. between Sumatra and Borneo. Lorn 108 E. Lat. 3 S. Billigheim, t. of the Bavarian dominions, in the circle of the Rhine, 4m. S. Landau, 16 S. W. Spires. Pop. 1,000. Billington, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 6 m. from Blackburn. Billon, t. France, in Puy de Dome, 12 m. E. S. E. Clermont-Ferrand. Pop. 5,200. Billounjah, district, Hind, in Gundwana. Lat. 24 and 25 N. Lon. 84 and 85 E. Bills, rock in the Atlantic, near the W . coast of Ireland. Lon. 10 1' W 7 . Lat. 53 52' N. Billimead, p-t. Caledonia co. Vt. 38 m. N. E. Montpelier. Pop. in 1810, 433. Bilma, a desert of Africa, between Bornou and Fezzan. Caravans are ten days in crossing it. Bilsah, t. Hind, in Mulwah, on the river Bet. wah. Lon. 77 50' E. Lat. 23 33' N. Bilsen, t. Netherlands, 14 m. N. Liege. Pop. 1,950. Bilskoi, t. Siberia, on the Balaia, 90 m. N. W. Irkutsk. Bilslein, t. Prussian States, in the province of Westphalia, 42 m. E. Cologne. Lon. 88'E. Lat. 51 N. Bilston,i. Eng. in Staffordshire. Near it are val- uable quarries of free stone ; also productive mines of coal and ironstone, and furnaces are erect- ed for smelting iron ore. Here are manufactories for japanned enamelled goods, and iron ware. 11 m. N. W. Birmingham, 121 N. W. London. Pop. 9,646. Bilston, t. Eng. in Suffolk, 9 m. from Ipswich, 11 N.E. Sudbufy. Bima, t. on the N. E. extremity of the island of Sumbava, on a fine basin. The British have ap- pointed a resident here. Lon. 1 18 5 1' E. Lat. 8 24' S. Bime, temple and fort, Hind, in Nagercote. Lon. 75 42' E. Lat. 32 20' N. Bimini, one of the Bahama isles. Lon. 79 30' W. Lat, 25 N. 104 B I R B 1 R Bimlipatam, s-p. Hind, in the Northern Circars, 12 or 15 m. from Vizagapatam. Bina, t. Italy, on the Oglio, 10 m. N. E. Cre- mona. Binaros, s-p. Spain, in Valencia, on the Medi- terranean, 30m. S. E. Tortosa. Binasco, t. Austrian Italy, 10 m. S. E. Milan. Pop. 4,270. Binbroak, t. Lincoln co. Up. Canada. Binche, t. Netherlands, in Hainault, on the Haye. Pop. 3,800. 12 m. S. E. MODS. Bingasi, s-p. Barca, in Africa, formerly a large and beautiful city, but now much reduced. It has a harbour for ships of 200 tons burden, and is defended by a wall and castle. Lon. 20 E. Lat. 32 20' X. Pop. 5,000. Bingtn, t. \n the grand dutchy of Hesse, on the Rhine, near the influx of the Nahe, 19 m. W. Mentz, 30 S. Coblentz, 54 E. Treves. Lon. 7 48' E. Lat. 49 55' N. Pop. 2,663. Bingtnheim, in the grand dutchy of Hesse, 12 m. S. S. E. G iessen, 16 N. N. E. Frankfort on the Maine. Bingham, t. Eng. in Nottingham co. 9 m. E. Nottingham. Pop. 1,326. Bingham, t. Somerset co. Maine, on the Kenne- beck, 26 m. N. Norridgewock. Bingham Point, the N. W. point of King George Hld's archipelago. Lon. 223 44' E. Lat. 58 4' N. Binghampton, p-v. and cap. Broome co. N. Y. at the junction of the Chenango and Susque- hannah rivers; 40 m. S. W. Norwich, 148 S. W. Albany. Binglcy, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 16 m. N. Leeds. Pop. 4,782. Bintang, isl. off the S. coast of Malacca, at the entrance of the straits of Sincapore. Lon. 104 30' . Lat. 1 2' N. Biobio, r. Chili, rises in the Ande?, and enters the South sea, 2 leagues fr. the bay of Conception. Biograd, decayed place in Dalmatia. Its harbor is capacious and secure, 18 m. S. E.Zara. Biolle, t. Savoy, 12 m. N. Chamberry. Biottio, t. Piedmont, 8 m. E. Bielle. Biorneborg, s-p. Russian Finland, on the gulf of Bothnia, 65 m. N. of Abo. Lon. 2 43' E. Lat. 61 30' N. Bir. See Beer. Birbhoom, district, Bengal, 85 miles long, by 30 broad. It is bounded N. by Monghir and llaje- mahl, S. by Burdwan and Pachete/E. by Rajishy, and W. by Pachete. Nagore was formerly the capital, but the civil authorities now reside at Surool. Birch Bay, on the N. W. coast of America, in the gulf of Georgia. Lon. 237 33 E. Lat. 48 53' N. Birchington, s-p. Eng. in isle of Thamet. county of Kent, a member of the port of Dover, 4 m. W. Margate. Bird, t Brown co. Ohio. Pop. 2,082. Bird, island, in the N. Pacific ocean. Lon. 1 96 V E. Lat. 23 6" N. another in the S. Pacific, Ion. 216 24' E. lat. 17 48' S. another on the coast of Ireland, Ion. 5 28' W. lat. 54 28' N. another on the same coast, Ion. 9 40' W. lat. 51 28' N. anoth- er near the coast of Sumatra, Ion. 97 25' E. lat. 1 39' N. another in the S. Atlantic, Ion. 38 22' W. lat. 54 S. another in the Indian sea, Ion. 54 4CT E. lat. 3 40' S. another on the coast of Africa, lat. 24 20' S. another in the gulf of St. Lawrence, Ion. 60 45' W. lat. 47 55' N. another in the Caribbean sea, Ion. 64 W. lat. 15 40' N. Bird islands, a cluster of islands in the Carib- bean sea, Ion. 66 50' W. lat. 12 N. another, Ion. 67 46' W. lat. 1 1 50' N. Birdsborough, t. Berks co. Pa. on the S. side of the Schuylkiil, 8 m. below Reading. Birdsville, p-v. Burke co. Gco. Biredgick. See Beer. Birkcnfeld, v. of the Prussian states, in the grand dutchy ot the Lower Rhine, 25 m. E. S. E.Treves, 30 N. N. W. Deux-Ponts. Lon. 6 59' E. Lut. 49 35' N. Pop. 1,060. Birket-d-Cairun. See Caroon. Birkct-el-Marioub. See Mareotis. Birkin- Islands, in the North sea, E. of Lewis. Lon. 6 20' W. lat. 58 6' N. Birmah, Burmah, orBirman empire, sometimes called Ava, a powerful empire of Asia composed of the 4 ancient kingdoms of Ava, Pegu, Arracan and Cassay. Its limits are not accurately known, but it is supposed to extend from Ion. 92 to 102 E. and from lat. 9 to 26 N. It is bounded N. by Assam, Thibet and China ; E. and S. by Siam ; W. by the bay of Bengal, and a range of moun- tains, which separates it from British India. It is about 1,200 miles long from N. to S. but varies much in breadth. This empire is of modern origin. It is situated mostly between the trop- ics, but being a hilly country does not suffer from heat or from inundations like Hindoostan, and is therefore more favorable to European con- stitutions. The soil produces all kinds of grain and vegetables, and all the tropical fruits; but its principal production is the celebrated Teak tim- ber, or Indian oak, which is said to be more dura- ble, and to resist the worms better, than any woud that is known. The manufactures consist chiefly of cotton and silk goods, saltpetre, gunpowder, and various kinds of pottery. The principal river is the Irawaddy. The prin- cipal ports are Arracan, Negrais, Rangoon, Syriarn, Tavoy and Merguis ; but the government is so jealous of foreigners, that all commerce with Eu- ropeans is confined to Rangoon. The ancient cap- ital was Ava. The present capital is Umrapoora, on the Irawaddy, 400 miles from its mouth. The population of Birmah is uncertain, but has been estimated at 17,000,000. The army in peace consists of only a few thousand cavalry, but on any emergency, every village is obliged to fur- nish soldiers according to its population. The prin- cipal strength of the Birmans consists of war boats, built very long and narrow, carrying from 30 to 60 armed men, and having a piece of cannon on their prow. 'I lie government is despotic. In religion, the Birmans are followers of Boodh,and have numer- ous temples and idols. The character of the Bir- mans is very different from that of their neighbors, the Hindoos. They are a lively, passionate and intelligent race of men. Their mode of punishing crimes is of the most horrid kind. Among the modes of inflicting capital punishment are be- heading, crucifying, starving to death, ripping open the body, sawing it in two, pouring red hot lead down the throat, plunging into hot oil, and roasting to death by a slow fire. The milder pun- ishments are putting out the eyes, cutting off the tongue, the hands, feet, ears, nose, h,48m. S. W. Eiskoi. Bitdlo, t. Naple?, in Terra di Bari, 10 m. S. S. W. Bari. Lon. 16 46' E. Lat 41 8' N. B L A Bitford, t. Eng. in Warwickshire, on the Avoa. 7 m. W. S. W. Stratford. BitontO) t. Naples, in Terra di Bari, 8 m. S. Bari. Lon. 16 40' E. Lat. 41 12 7 N. Pop. 13,700. Bitsch, t. France, in Moselle, at the foot of the Vosges mountains. It was fortified by Vauban, and was one of the barrier fortresses delivered over for a limited time to the Allies, by the con- vention of Paris in 1815. 16m.E.S.E. Sarguemines, 18 E.Weissembourg. Lon. 7 30' E. Lat. 49" 4' N. Bittburg, (Beda,) t. of the Prussian states, in the Lower Rhine, 30 m. N. E. Luxemburg. Bitterfeld, t. of the Prussian states, in Merse- berg, on the Mulda, 16 m. S. Dessau. Lon. 12 23' E. Lat. 51 39' N. Pop. 1,460. Bivoras, or Pedro Shoals, on the Spanish main. 30 m. S. Jamaica. Lon. 77 to 78 20' W. Lat. 17 18' N. Bizarre isle, at the entrance of Ottawa river into the St. Lawrence, N. of Montreal. Biserta, t. Tunis, on the site of the ancient Hippo, 30 m. N. Tunis. Lon. 9 48' E. Lat. 37 10' N. Blackburn, t. Eng. in Lancashire, on the Der- went. The manufactory of cotton goods is very extensive ; about 25,000 pieces are made weekly, which gives employment to 13,000 persons. The Leeds and Liverpool canal passes by this town, and is of essential service to its trade. Pop. in 1811, 15,083. 42 m. N. E. Liverpool. Blackburn-Springs, p-v. Jackson co. Ten. Black creek, S. C.runs into the Pedee in Liber- ty county. Blackford, t. Posey co. Indiana. Black Forest. See Forest, Black. Blackhall Head, the N. cape, at the entrance of Bantry bay. Lon. 9 65' W. Lat. 51 32' N. Blackhead, the S. cape of Galway bay. Lon. 9 IF W. Lat. 53 7' N. Blackheath, hamlet, Eng. on an open and eleva- ted situation, at the N. W. extremity of the county of Kent. Blackheath, p-t. Randolph co. Illinois. Blackhorse, p-v. Burlington co. N. J. 12 m. from Trenton. Black-horse-tavern, p-v. Chester co Pa. Black Island, t. Hancock co. Maine. Pop. 9. Black Lake, or Osu-egatchie, N. Y. in St. Law- rence co. It is about 20 miles long, and 1 or 2 wide. It is the expansion of Indian river, and communicates by an outlet 3 miles long, with Os- wegatchie river, 7 miles above its entrance into the St. Lawrence. Black Lake, r. Louisiana, rises in the N. W. part of the state, passes through Black Lake, which is 15 or 20 miles long, and joins the Saline, 8 m. N. E. Natchitoches, to form the Rigolet de bon Dieu. Blackky, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 3 m. N. E. Man- chester. Pop. 2,389. Black Lick, p-t. Indiana co. Pa. Pop. 1,303. Black Lick, r. Ohio, joins the Big Walnut 9 m. above its entrance into the Scioto, and 10 S. E. Columbus. Blackness, v. Scotland, in Linlithgow, on the S. bank of the Forth, 15 m. W. Edinburgh. Black Nib, cape, on the E. coast of Ireland, Lon. 5 24' W. Lat. 54 21' N. Black River, Vt. runs into Lake Mempremagog ; another, runs into the Connecticut at Springfield. Black River, N. Y. run* into Lake Ontario above Sackets-harbor, in Hungry-bay, after a northerly course of 120 miles. At the junction B L A of Moose river, it falls over a precipice 63 feet high. Long Falls is 45 m. below, arid is the descent of the river by successive pitches of 14, 12, and 24 feet, in a course of 14 miles. Over the last descent, at Brownville, mills are erected. The Black River country is fertile and rapidly settling. Black River, N. C. joins Cape Fear river, on the E. 23 m. above Wilmington. Black River, Ohio, runs into Lake Erie, 30 m. E. Sandusky-bay. Black River, p-t. Huron co. Ohio. Pop. 354. Black River, Michigan territory, runs W. into Lake Michigan, north of the river St. Joseph's. Black River, Missouri, rises near the sources of the Merrimack and the Gasconade, and running in a southerly direction is joined by Current, Thomas, Spring and Strawberry, large rivers from the west, after which it flows into the Arkansas territory and unites with the White river 50 m. below the town of Lawrence in about Ion. 92 W. lat. 36 N. It is navigable more than 100 miles for large boats. It flows through a very fertile country. Black River, t. Wayne co, Missouri. Black River. See Wachita. Bi-:ckRock,isl. in St. George's channel. Lon. 627'W. Lat. 52 10' N. Black Rock, harbor, in Fairfield, Ct. Blackrock, p-v. Niagara co. N. Y. on the Niaga- ra, 2 m. below Buffalo. It is at present the station for the steam boats and other vessels employed in the navigation of Lake Erie, and the lakes above. A mole is now constructing for the purpose of forming a harbor in the river opposite to this vil- lage. It will extend from Bird island in Lake Erie to Squaw island below the rapids in Niagara riv- er, and thence to the United States' shore, thus forming a harbor of 2 miles in length and of the capacity of 200 acres, opening at one end into the Lake by a mouth 20 rods wide, and at the other connected with the Erie canal which will be sup- plied from it with water. The first pier, which was sunk on 7th Sept. 1822, is 50 feet long, 18 wide and 14 high, composed of a strong frame of whiteoak timber,filled with 600 or 700 tons of stone. Blackrode, t. Eng. Lancashire, 5 m. S. Chorley. Pop. 2,111. Black Sea, or Euxine Sea, a large inland sea, partly in Europe, and partly in Asia, bounded W. by European Turkey, E. by Mingrelia,Circassia, and Georgia, N. by Russian Tartary, and S. by Natolia. It is 932 miles long, on an average 320 broad, 3,800 in circumference, and contains, 300,000 sq. miles. The principal ports are Odes- sa, Kinburn, Cherson, Nicoleuf, Sevastopol the chief station of the Russian fleet, and Caffa. The Turks formerly would not suffer Europeans to navigate this sea, but by the treaties concluded in 1774 and 1791, they allowed a Russian navy to be formed and to have a free passage through the Dardanelles. This sea was in 1784 opened to Austria, and afterwards at the peace of Amiens to the Prussian, Spanish, Neapolitan, Dutch, Ra- gusan, and English merchant flags. The com- merce has since that period greatly increased. In 1803, 815 vessels entered the Russian ports from the Mediterranean. Of these 552 were for Odessa. They came chiefly in ballast, and returned loaded with corn. Blachod Point, Ireland, the S. Cape of the Mul- let. Lon. 9 52' W. Lat. 54 61' N. Blackstone Ricer. See Patucket. Black Stocks, p-v. Chester district, S. C. Black Su-amp, p-v. St. Peter's parish, S. C. B L A 107 Blackball, hamlet, Eng. adjoining London, on the E. .side of the Thames. Here are very exten- sive docks and yards for shipping. The wet docks are the most spacious and the best constructed of any in Great Britain. Black Walnut, p-v. Halifax co. Va. Black Warrior, or Cabo, r. Alabama, enters the Tombigbee from the E. 80 miles above St. Ste- phens. It is navigable for boats to the falls near its source : 500 miles by water from Mobile; thence to Hunts ville is 160 miles, over a good road. Goods have been brought from Mobile to Hunts- ville in 30 days. Blackwater, r. Eng. joins theChelmer at Maiden and flows into Blackwater bay. Blackwater, r. Ireland, falls into the sea at Youg- hall bay. Blackwaler, t. Ireland, 5m. N. N. W. Armagh. Blackwater, r. N. H. flows into the Contoocook, in Hopkinton. Blackwater, r. Va. joins Nottaway river 5 m. above the boundary of N. Carolina. Blackwater, r. Michigan, which runs into Lake Michigan, 20 m. N. of the St. Josephs. It is 60 miles in length, and navigable in canoes nearly to its source. Bladen, co. N. C. on the S. side of Cape Fear river. Pop. 7,276 ; slaves 2,788 ; engaged in ag- riculture 2,417. Chief t. Elizabethtown. Bladensburg, p-t. Prince George's co. Md. on the E. branch of the Potomac at the forks, 6 m. above Washington city. Here is a chalybeate spring of strong medicinal properties. In 1814, the Ameri- cans here sustained a defeat in an action with the British, which was followed by the capture of Washington. Blainville,t. France, in La Manche, 5 m. W. Coutances. Blainville sur FEau, t. France, on the Meurthc, 12 m. S. E. Nancy. Blair Athol, v. Scotland, in Perthshire, 28 m. fr, Perth. Blair Gowriz, v. Scotland, in Perthshire, 17m. fr. Perth. Blairsville, p-v. York district, S. C. Blaisois, district, of Old France, on both sides of the Loire. Blois was the capital. Blaison, t. France, on the Loire, in Maine-and- Loire, 9 m. S. E. Angers. Blaize, Cape, W. Florida, between the bays of Apalache and St. Joseph. Blakely, t. Luzerne co. Pa. Pop. 450. Blakely, p-t. Mobile co. Alabama, on the Ten- saw or Eastern outlet of Mobile river, 10m. from Mobile bay, and 15 E. N. E. the town of Mobile. Lat. 30 43' N. Its site is an elegant and pleas- aat spot, well supplied with good water. It is also well situated for commerce ; vessels drawing 1 1 feet water can enter the port at full tide, and the same wind that enables a vessel to enter Mobile bay will carry her to the wharves of Blakely. It is also connected by a good road with the rapidly improving country on the Alabama. It is a new town ; the settlements commenced in 1817. Blakesburg, t. Penobscot co. Maine, 20 m. N. Bangor. Blamont, t. France, in Meurlhe, 16 m. E. Lune- ville. Pop. 1,860. Blanas, t. Spain, in Catalonia. Pop. 3,600. Blanc, Mont. See Mont Blanc. Blanc-en-Berry, Le, t. France, in Indre, on the Creuse, 32 m. W. S. W. Chateauroux. Lon. 1 ffE. Lat, 46 38' N. Pop. 3,426. 108 B L A Blanchardfork, r. Ohio, the E. branch of the Auglaize. Blanckenbergh, t. Netherlands, in Flanders, 9m. N. Bruges. Pop. 1,916. Blanco, Cape, Eu. Turkey, on the S. coast of the Morea. Lon. 21 56' E. Lat. 36 44' N. Blanco, Cape, on the S. coast of Sicily. Lon. 13 10' E. Lat. 35 28' N. Blanco, Cape, on the N. coast of Spain, in Astu- rias. Lon. 6 54' W. Lat. 43 35' N. Blanco, Cape, Naples, on the E. coast of Calabria. Lon. 1725'E. Lat. 38 59' N. Blanco Cape, W. Africa. Lon. 16 58 E. Lat. 20'47'N. Blanco, Cape, Peru, the S. point of the gulf of Tumbez, or Guayaauil. Lon. 81 6' W. Lat. 4 l^S. Blanco, Cape, S. America, the W. point of the bay of Salinas. Lat. 10 N. Blanco, Cape, on the N. W. coast of New Albion. Lat. 43 23' N. Lon. 235 50' W. Blandford, t. Eng. in Dorset, on the Stour, 23 in. W. Salisbury, 103 W. London. Pop. 2,425. Blandford, t. Oxford co. Upper Canada, on the Thames. Blandford, p-t. Hampden co. Mass. 16 m. W. Springfield. Pop. 1,515. Blandford, t. Prince George co. Va. It is inclu- ded in the borough of Petersburg, and is on the Appamatox, below the town, and separated from it by a small creek. Blanes, (anciently Blanda,} s-p. Spain, in Cata- lonia, on the Mediterranean, 34 m. N.E.Barcelona. Lat. 41 42' N. Pop. 3,600. Blangis, or Slangy, t. France, in Lower Seine, 16 m. E. Neufchatel. Pop. 1,715. Blangy, t. France, in Calvados, 28 m. E. Caen. Blankenberg, t. of the Prussian states, in the dutchy of Berg, on the Sieg, 12 m. W. Bonn, 20 S. E. Cologne. Pop. 1,300. Blankenburg, district, in the dutchy of Bruns- wick, containing 143 square miles and 12,000 in- habitants. The principal sources of revenue are the iron mines, the forests, and the marble quar- ries. Blankenburg, the chief town, is at the foot of a mountain, on which stands a castle. Pop. 2,700. 7 m. E. S. E. Wernigerode, 9 S. Halberstadt. Lon. 1057'E. Lat 51 48' N. Blankenburg, t. Germany, in the principality of Schwartzburg-Rudolstadt, 5 m. N. W. Saalfeld. Lon. 11 21' E. Lat. 50 39' N. Pop. 884. Blankenese, v. Denmark, in Holstein, on the El- be, 9 m. from Hamburgh. Pop. 2,000. Blankenhayn,t. Saxe Weimar, 9 m. S. W. Jena. 16 S. E. Erfurt. Lon. 1 1 20' E. Lat. 50 51' N. Pop. 1,970. Blankenstein, Hesse, province in the principali- ty of Upper Hesse. Pop. 11,310. BlannerhasseCs Island, a beautiful and fertile island of about 300 acres, in the Ohio river, oppo- site Belpre, 13 m. below Marietta. Blanquefort, t. France, in Gironde, 5 m. N. W. Bordeaux. Pop. 1,990. Blansac, t. France, in Charente, 12 m. S. W. Aneouleme. Pop. 980. Blantyre, v. Scotland, in Lanark, 2 m. from Ham- ilton. Pop. 2,092. Blaringheniy v. France, in North, 33 m. N. W. Douay. Blarney, v. Ireland, Cork co. 25 m. W. Cork. Bias, cape, S. America, on the coast of Darien, 18 m. from Porto Bello, 62 from Carthagena. B L O Blaskefs, or Ferrilers Islands, at the entrance of Dingle bay, Ireland. Lon. 10 22' W. Lat. 52 5' N. Blatchingworth, t. Eng. adjoining Huddersfield, in Lancashire. Pop. 2,480. Blatna, t. Bohemia, 44 m. S. S. W. Prague. Blaubeuern, t. Wirtemberg, 7 m. W. Ulm. Lon. 9 48' E. Lat. 48 46' N. Pop. 1,750. Blaye, t. France, on the Gironde. Its harbor is capacious, and much frequented. Wine, brandy, and corn are exported to a considerable amount. Pop. 4,700. 21 m. N. Bordeaux. Lat. 45 8'N. Blechingky, t. Eng. in Surrey, 20 m. S. Lon- don. Blechington, v. Eng. Oxfordshire, 6 m. N. Ox- ford. Bleckede, t. Hanover, on the Elbe, 20 m. E.N.E. Luneburg. Pop. 1,378. Bledsoe, co. East-Tennessee. Pop. 4,005; slaves 361 ; engaged in agriculture 1,054, in commerces. Chief town, Pikeville. Bleicherode, t. Prussian states, in the province of Saxony, 9 m. S. W. Nordhausen, 20 N. Muhl- hausen. Lon. 10 35' E. Lat. 51 26" N. Pop. 1,900. Bleistein, t. Bavaria, 22 m. E. N. E. Amberg. Lon. 12 21' E. Lat. 49 38' N. Pop. 2,650. Bkkingen, district of Sweden. It has Smaland on the N. Schonen on the W. and the Baltic on the S. and E. Sq. miles, 1,127. Pop. 67,200. Carls- crona is the capital. Bleneau, t. France, in Yonne, 28 m. W. Auxerre. Pop. 1,100. Blenheim, v. Bavaria, in the circle of the Upper Danube. It is on the Danube, and will for ever remain famous for the great victory obtained in its vicinity on the 13th August 1704, by the English and Imperialists, under the duke of Marlborough and prince Eugene, over the French and Bavari- ans, commanded by marshals Tallard, Mars in, and the elector of Bavaria. The loss of the French and Bavarians exceeded 30,000 ; that of the allies was 12,000. 2 m. N. E. Hochstadt, 8 S. W. Dona- wert. Blenheim, t. Oxford co. Up. Canada. Blenheim,?-!. Schoharieco. (N.Y.) S. Schoharie. Pop. 1,826. Blerancourt, t. France, in Aisne, 10 m. N. W. Soissons. Pop. 892. Blere,t. France, in Indre-and-Loire, 15 m. E. S. E. Tours. Pop. 2,550. Blese, t. France, in Upper Loire, 39 m. N.W. Le Puy. Pop. 1,414. Bleurie, seigniory, Bedford co. Lower Canada, on the river Sorel, 25 m. S. E Montreal. Bliesscastell, a lordship of the Prussian states, in the grand dutchy of the Lower Rhine. The town of Bliesscastell is on the river Blies, 5m. W. Deux- Ponts, 10 E. Sarrebruck. Pop. 1,278. Blight Island, off the N. W. coast of America, in Prince William's sound. Lon. 213 43 E. Lat. 60 52' N. Bligny sur Ouches, t. France, in Cote d'Or, 22 m. S. W. Dijon. Blithe, r. Eng. runs into the Trent, 4 m. N. E. Litchfield. Block Island, off the coast of Rhode Island, 24 m. S. S. W. Newport, 21 E. by N. from Montauk point on Long Island. It constitutes the town of New Shoreham, in Newport county. It is about 7 miles long and 4 broad. Pop. 955. Lon. 71 30' W. Lat. 41 8'N. B L O Blockky, t. Philadelphia co. Pa. on the Schuyl- kill, 3 m. W. Philadelphia. Pop. 2,655. Blocksberg, or the Bracken, (Mons Bructerus,') the principal mountain of the Hartz, in the Prus- sian states, not far from Elbingerode. Its height is 3,600 feet. Lon. 10 36' 35" E. Lat. 51 48' 29" N. Blockziel, t Netherlands, in Overyssel, on the E. side of the Zuyder-Zee, 28m. S. Leuwarden, 32 W. N. W. Coevorden. Lon. 5 5# E. Lat. 52 45' N. Pop. 1,400. BloiSj an ancient city of France, capital of Loire and Cher, on the declivity of a hill, on the right bank of the Loire. The trade of the town con- sists in wine, brandy, corn, wood and fruit ; there are manufactures of serge, stamine, and other cloths, as well as of hardware and glass. The surrounding country is fertile and agreeable ; and the prospect from the hill, on which the town stands, is one of the most beautiful in France. 36 m. S. W. Orleans, 36 N. E. Tours, 109 S. S. W. Paris. Lon. 1 20' E. Lat. 47 34' N. Pop. 14,900. Blonitsa, or Blonisa, a small riverof Silesia, in the principality of Oppeln, wh'ich falls into the Oder, about 7 miles below the town of Oppeln. Bloody-run, p-t. Bedford co. Pa. Bloom, p-t. Columbia co. Pa. Pop. 820. Bloom, t. Fairfield co. Ohio, 7 m. N. W. Lan- caster. Pop. 1,613 ; another in Sciotoco. 16 m. E. Portsmouth. Pop. 205 ; another, Morgan co. Pop. 445. Bloonifidd, p-t. Somerset co. Maine, 7 m. E. Norridgewock. Pop. 889. Bloomjield, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y . It is divided into East and West Bloomfield. East B. is 6, and West B. 12 m. W. Canandaigua. Pop. 3,621. Bloomjield, p-t. Essex co. N. J. 5 m. N. W. New- ark. Pop. 3,085. In its vicinity are quarries of free stone. Bloomjield, p-t. Crawford co. Pa. Pop. 214. Bloomjield, p-v. Loudon co. Va, Bloomjield, p-v. Nelson co. Ken. Blomnjidd, p-t Trumbull co. Ohio, 15 m. N. Warren. Pop. 166 ; another, t. Jefferson co. 14 m. W . Steubenville ; another, p-t. Pickaway co. 8m. N. Circleville ; another, t. Jackson co. Pop. 318 ; another, t. Knox co. Pop. 468. Bloomingburg, p-v. in Mamakating, Sullivan co. N. Y. Bloomingdale, v. on the Hudson, 7 m. N. New- York city. Bloominggrote, p-t. Orange co. N. Y. 12 m. W. West Point. Pop. 1,219. Here is an academy. Bloominggrote, t. Richland co. Ohio. Bloomingsburg, t. Fayette co. Ohio. Bloomington, p-t. and cap. Monroe co. Indiana. It contains a court-house and jail, and about 300 inhabitants. Two townships of land are given for the establishment of a State College, which, it is expected, will be located at this place. Bloomingsville, p-t. Huron co. Ohio. Bloomsburg, p-v. Northumberland co. Pa. Bloomsburg, p-v. Halifax co. Va. Bloomsburg, p-t Hunterdon co. N. J. Hlorc Heath, t. Eng. in Staffordshire, famous for the battle fought September 1459, between the adherents of the houses of York and Lancaster. Blount, co. Alabama, on the Tuscaloosa river. Pop. 2,415 ; slaves 175 ; engaged in agriculture *05, in commerce 1, in manufactures 22. Blouni, co. East Tennessee, o* the S. side of BOO 109 Holston river. Pop. 11,258 ; slaves 1,050 ; enga- ged in agriculture 1,531, in commerce 10. Chief t. Marysville. Blounlsville, p-t. and cap. Sullivan co. E. Ten- nessee, 130 m. N. E. Knoxville. Blue earth, r. Louisiana, runs into the Kansas. Bluejield's Bay, on the S. W. coast of Jamaica, Lon. 78 W. Lat. 18 10' N. Bluehill, p-t. Hancock co. Maine, 12 m. N. E. Castine. It is at the head of Bluehill bay. Here is an academy. Pop. 957. Blue Lick, Upper, p-v. Fleming co. Ken. on Licking river. Blue Lick, Lower. See Ellisville. Blue Ridge, a range of mountains, Virginia, E. of the Alleghany range, and parallel with it, di- viding the State into two parts, nearly equal. Near the S. line of the State it bends westward and unites with the Alleghany range. Among its summits are the Peaks of Otter, which see. Bluerock, r. Muskingum co. Ohio, on Musking- um river, 8 m. below Zanesville. Pop. 557. Blue stone, r. Va. runs into the Kenhawa, in Giles county. Bluewater, r. Missouri, runs N. into the Missou- ri, 9 m. below Kansas river. Bluff springs, p-v, Jefferson co. Mississippi. B luff f on, t. Howard co. Missouri. Blumberg, t. in Baden, 10 m. N. Schaffhausen. Blumenstein, t Switzerland, 11 m. S. S. E Bern. Blumenthal, v. Hanover, 12 m. N. W. Bremen. Blythborough, t. Eng. in Suffolk, 4 m. from Southold. Blythe, t. Eng. 3 m. N. Nottingham. Blylhe, s-p. Eng. in Northumberland, at the mouth of the Blythe, 12 m. from North Shields, 14 from Newcastle-on-Tyne. Bo Islands, in the Eastern seas, E. S. E. Gilolo, Lon. 126 25' E. Lat. 1 17' S. Boad, t. Hind, in Orissa, on the Mahanuddy. Lon. 84 18' E. Lat. 20 50' N. Boardman, p-t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 10 m. S. E. Warren. Pop. 604. B outrun, p-v. Clermont co. Ohio. Boat-yard, p-v. Sullivan co. Tennessee. Bobbio, t. Sardinia, in the hollow of the Appe nines, on the left bank of the Trebbia, 24 m. S. S. E. Pa via, 30 N. E. Genoa. Lon. 9 12' E. Lat. 4445'N. Pop. 3,560. Bobbio, v. Piedmont, near Lucerna. Bobenhausen, t. in Hesse, 13 m. N. E. Darm- stadt. Bober, r. Silesia, rises on the Bohemian frontier, and falls into the Oder, near Crossen. Bobersberg, t. Prussia, in the New Mark of Brandenburg, on the Bober, 6 m. S. Crossen, 70 E. S. E. Berlin. Pop. 978. Bobilee, t. and fortress of Hindostan, 32 m. W. Cicacole. Lon. 83 28' E. Lat. 18 27' N. Bobingen, t. Bavaria, 9 m. S. Augsburg. Pop. 1,412. Bobrownicki,*. Poland, 24 m. W. N. W. Lub- lin. Bobrysk, t. Russia, on the Berezina, in Minsk, 32 m. W. Rogutchev. Lat. 52 10' N. Boca delDrago, the W. entrance into Almirante bay. Lon. 82 20' W. Lat. 9 8' N. Boca Escondida, bay, in the bay of Campeachy, on the coast of Yucatan. Lat. 18 50' N. Boca de Pan, r. Peru, runs into the bay of Tum- bez, Boca del Tora, the entrance into Almirante bay, 110 B O E BOH E. of the island of Bocaloro. Lon. 82 8' W. Lat . 9 6' N. Bocalieu, island near the E. coast of Newfound- land. Lon. 62 26' W. Lat 48 15' N. Bocaloro, isl. at the entrance into Almirante bay. Lon. 82 16' W. Lat. 9 12' N. BocauJfs bay, in the straits of Magellan. Lon. 71 6' W. Bocca, t. Lombardo-Venetian kingdom, 5 m. N. N. E. Sabionetta. Bocca Tigris, the mouth of the river Pe-kiang of China, through which vessels pass to Canton. It is about a musket shot across. Boccheta, La, pass of the Appenines, in the ridge which divides Genoa from Lombardy. Bochnia, t. Austrian Galicia, 20 m. E. Cracow. It is famous for its mines of salt, which employ above 1000 workmen, and yield annually 900,000 cwt. Pop. 3,200. Bockau, t. in the kingdom of Saxony, circle of the Erzgebirge, 20 m. S. W. Chemnitz/ Bockenem, t Hanover, 14 m. E. Hilclesheim. Pop. 1,859. Bockenheim, v. Germany, 2 m. from Frankfort on the Maine. Bockholt, t. of the Prussian states, 36 m. W. S. W. Munster, 24 E. Cleves. Lon. 6 42' E. Lat. 51 55' N. Pop. 3,446 Backing, t. Eng. in Essex, 40 m. E. London. Pop. 2,544. Bocklet,v. Bavaria, 14 m. N. Kissingen. Bockum, t. of the Prussian states, in the grand dutchy of the Lower Rhine, 24 m. N. E. Dussel- dorf, 35 N. Cologne. Pop. 1,673. Bocski, t. Russia, in Grodno, 6 m. S. W. Bielsk. Pop. 1,600. Bodeau, lake, Louisiana, communicates with Red river, and receives Bodeaux river at its north end. Bodega, Port, on the N. W. coast of America. Lat. 38 21' N. The Russians have had a settle- dent at this post since 1817. Bodenfelde, t. Hanover, on the Weser, 15 m. N. W. Gottingen. Pop. 1,005. Bodenliebe. See Kissingen. BodenSee. See Constance Lake. Bodenwerder, t. Hanover, on the Weser, 8 m. N. Severn. Pop. 1,264. Bodmann, t. Wirtemberg, on the Lake of Con- stance, which is called from it the Bodmersee. Bodmin, t. and bor. Enr. Cornwall co. 9 m. S. S. W. Camelford. Pop. 2,050. Bodrog, r. Hungary, falls into the Theyss at Tokay. Bodrog, county, Hungary, which has been united since the year 1747 with that of Batsch. It lies at the S. W. extremity of the kingdom, be- tween the Danube and the Theyse. Bodrum. See Boodroom. Bodrun, s-p. and fort, A. Turkey, on the N. side of the gulf of Scalanova, 15 m. S. Smyrna. Lon. 26 35' E. Lat. 38 16' N. Bodungen, Great,t. Germany in the principality of Schwartzburg-Sondershausen, 5 m. N. Bleiche- roda. Boedgeroens, islands, near the N. coast of New Guinea. Lon. 135 33' E. Lat. 2 25' S. Boen, t. France, in Loire, 35 m. W. Lyons. Pop. 1,200. Boeuf, Le, r. Erie co. N. Y. which runs through a small lake of the same name and joins French creek. It is only two rods wide, but the depth is sufficient for boats of the greatest burden to Wa- tcrfoid. Two miles east of the lake is the site oi the old French fort. Boeuf, t. Franklin co. Missouri. Bofo. See Baffa. Bog, or Boug, r. Russia, rises in Podolia, and after a S. E. course of 400 mile?, joins the Dnieper near Otchakov. It is not navigable on account of its many rocks and sand banks. Bogarorskoi, t. A. Russia, 136 m. N. Tobolsk. Bogus, t. Lower Egypt, at the mouth of the E. branch of the Nile, 3 m. S. Damietta. Bogdanowka, or Mditopolis, t. Russia, in Tauri- da, inhabited by the sect called Duchoborski, or Melitopolites. Number of males, 1,150. Bogdo, a chain of mountains, whose loftiest summits rise near the centre of Asia, to the height of more than 20,000 feet above the level of the sea. It is said to send forth branches in all directions to the Altai mountains, the Moos Tag, Belur Tag and the mountains of China. Bogdoi, country of Tartary, N. of China, and subject to the Chinese. Bogensee, t. Denmark, on the N. coast of Funen, 15 m. N. W. Odensee. Boggah, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 84 30' E. Lat. 27 10' N. Boggs, t. Centre co. Pa. Pop. 847. Bogie, r. Scotland, falls into the Deveron. Bogilcund, district, in Allahabad, about 24 N. lat. Boglion, t. of the Austrian empire, 27 m. S. S. E. Trieste. Boglipore, district, Hind, in Bahar, intersected by the Ganges. Till lately it was called Monghir, which see. Boglipore, cap. of Boglipore district. Lon. 86 50' E. Lat. 25 11' N. Bogmulty, r. Asia, runs into the Ganges near Monghir. Bognor, v. Eng. on the coast of Sussex, 6^ m. S. Chichester. Bogoduchow, t. Russia, 84 m. N. N. W. Char- kov. Pop. 6,800. Bogoroditzk, t. Russia, 16 m. E. Thoula. Pop. 5,000. Bogorodsk, t. Russia, 28 m. E. Moscow. Bogota, Rio, de, r. New Granada, rises near the city of Santa Fe, breaks through the mountains S. W. of it, and joins the Magdalena. It is re- markable for its fall, called the cataract of Tequen- dama. The river, which above is 140 feet wide, passes through a crevice in the rocks, from 30 to 35 feet wide, and falls, in two successive pitches, about 570 feet. The vapour rises like a cloud, and is seen from the walks around Santa Fe, at the distance of 15 miles, reflecting the colours of the rainbow in ever varying beauty. Boguslaw, t. Russia, in Kiev, 32 m. S. E. Biala- cerkiev. Bogwangola, t. Bengal, in Moorshedabad, on the Ganges. Lon. 88 29' E. Lat. 24 21' N. Bohain,t. France, in Aisne, 12 m. N. N. E. St. Quentin. Bohary, t. Hind. 27 m. E. Surat Bohatteba, t. Palestine, near Acre. Bohemia, a kingdom in Germany, forming part of the Austrian dominions. It is bounded N. by the kingdom of Saxony ; E. by Silesia and Mora- via ; S. by Austria proper ; and W. by Bavaria. It extends from lat. 48 30' to 51 5' N. and from Ion. 12" to 16 50' E. Its greatest length is 200 miles, its greatest breadth 1 80, and its superficial extent 20,922 square miles. It is separated by B O I the river Moldau into two parts nearly equal, and, exclusive of the metropolis, is divided into the 16 following circles ; which take their names from their chief towns Buntzlau, Konigsgratz, Bits- chow, Chrudim, Czaslau, Budweis, Tabor, Pra- chin, Pilsen, Klattau, Saatz, Elnbogen (including the small district of Egra,) Leutmeritz, Rakonitz, Beraun, aud Kaurzim. Bohemia resembles a great basin, being surroun- ded on every side by high mountains ; it has the Sudetian chain, and the Riessengebirge on the N. E.; the mountains of Moravia on the S. E. and S.; the Bohmerwald on the W. and the Erzgebirge on the N. The principal river is the Elbe, which receives in its course the Auxa, Erlitz, Dobrawa, Iser, Moldau, Eger, and others. The soil yields corn, pulse, hops, flax, hemp, fruit, and all kinds of garden vegetables in abundance. Few countries are richer in mineral productions than Bohemia. Here are found silver, tin, iron, quicksilver, co- balt, zinc, arsenic, t bismuth, calamine, antimony, sulphur, saltpetre, vitriol, alum, and pit coal ; salt is no where met with. The principal manufac- tures are yarn, linen, cambric, veils, thread, lace, stockings, ribbons, printed linen, wax-cloth, wool- len stuffs and glass. The principal imports are salt, wine, spirituous liquors, silk, Spanish wool, cotton, quicksilver, iron, lead, hardware, jewels, trinkets, and dye-stuffs. The principal places through which commerce is carried on, are Vien- na, Trieste, Leipzig, and Hamburg. The language is the Bohemian, or Crecheisch dialect of the Sclavonic, and is nearly allied to the Polish, but contains more words of German ori- gin. The population is 3,203,222, of which num- ber 3,092,393 are Roman Catholics, about 50,000 Jews, and the remainder Calvinists, Lutherans, and Hussites. The revenue is estimated at 2,000,0002. Bohemia is a part of the Austrian em- pire. It has an assembly of States, but their pow- er is merely nominal. Bohemia, r. Md. runs into Elk river, llm. be- low Elkton. Bohmerwald, i. e. The Bohemian Forest, a ridge of mountains in Germany. It separates Bohemia from the Upper Palatinate ; and extends through a part of Bavaria proper and Passau. Bohol, one of the Philippine islands, 90 m. N. Mindanao. Bohrau on the Lake, t. Silesia, 16m. S. Breslau. Bohus, or Bahus, a government of Sweden, now forming the greater part of the province of Got- tenburg. Bojador, Cape, W. coast of Africa. Lou. 14 20' W. Lat.2616'N. Bojano, t. Italy, 42 m. N. Naples. Pop. 3,440. Bojanowa, t. Prussian states, in Poaen, near the frontier of Silesia. Pop. 2,6 13. Boinak, district, Persia, in Daghestan, on the Imtsche. The town Boinak is near the Caspian sea, 26 m. N. N. W. Derbend. Boinitz, i. Hungary, 11 m. W. N. W. Krem- nitz. Boire, t. France, in Mayenne, 7 m. W. Sable. Boil blanc, isl. at the lower end of Gros Isle in the mouth of Detroit river, belonging to Canada. The eastern channel, between it and the Canada shore, is about of a mile wide, and is deep enough for the largest vessel ; the Western is much wider, but is shallow, and full of small islands. 'danc, isl. in Lake Huron, between the isl- and of Michillimackinac and the peninsula of Michi-aa, about 10 railea long and 3 broad. B O L 111 Bois Blanc, Lake, N. America, between lake Superior and the Lake of the Woods. Bois bride, p-v. Perry co. Missouri. Bois bruit, (Burnt wood} r. N. W. Territory, which runs into the bottom of Lake Superior. It is navigable 80 miles, whence there is a short portage to the St. Croix, a navigable water of the Mississippi. Bois-Commun, t. France, in Loiret, 24 m. E. S. E. Orleans. Pop. 1,100. Bois-le-Duc, or Bosch, t. Netherlands, in Dutch Brabant, at the conflux of the Dommel and Aa. It is surrounded with walls, flanked by 7 bastions. Pop. 13,347. 18 m. E. N. E. Breda, 42 S. S. E. Am- sterdam. Lon. 5 9' E. Lat. 51 40' N. Boissesson d^Aumontel, t. France, in Tarn, 8 m. E. Castres. Pop. 3,100. Boitzenburg, t. Germany, in Mecklenburg- Schwerin, 38 m. E. S. E. Hamburg. Pop. 2,096. Boka, t. Arabia, in Yemen, 23 m. N. N. E. Ho- deida. Bokhara. See Bukharia. Bokla. See Backergunge. Bolabola, one of the Society islands, about 24 m. in circumference. Lon. 151 52' W. Lat. 16 e 32' N. Bolas, r. S. America, falls into the gulf of Guay- aquil. Bolate, t. Italy, 6 m. N. W. Milan. Bolch, mountain, France, in Upper Rhine, 3,800 feet above the level of the sea, being the highest of the Vosges. Bolchow, t Russia, in Orel, on the Nugr, 32 m, N. N. W. Orel. Pop. 5,400. Bold, t. Eng. Lancashire, 2 m. fr. Prescot. Bold fountain, p-v. Charlotte co. Va. Soldo, t. Syria, on the site of the ancient Paltos* 16 m. fr. Latakia. Boli, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, 74 m. N. W. An- gora, 140 E.Constantinople. Lon. 31 20' E. Lat. 41 30' N. Bolingbroke, t. Eng. in Lincoln, 13 m. N. E. Boston. Bolingbroke, v. Talbot co. Md. at the confluence of Bolingbroke creek with the Choptank, 5 m. E. Oxford. Bolipleika, t. Russia, on the W. side of the Vol- ga, 124 m. S. Saratov. Bolkenhayn, t. Silesia, the capital of a circle in the principality of Schweidnitz, 10 m. N. W. Schweidnitz, 40 S. W. Breslau. Lon. 16 5' E. Lat. 50 46' N. Pop. 1,350. Boll, t. and district, Switzerland, 10 m. S. Fri- bourg. Bollebec, t. France, in Lower Seine, 17 m. W. Havre. Pop. 5,000. Bollene, t. France, in Vaucluse, 10 m. N. Or- ange. Pop. 4,000. Bollenze, Palenzerthal, or Valle di Bregno, one of the most fertile vallies of Switzerland, in the canton of the Ticino. Bollina de f^aldelora, t. Piedmont, 25 m. N. of Nice. Pop. 1,000. Bollington, t. Eng. in Cheshire. Pop. 1,518. 3 m. N. Macclesfield. Bologna, anciently Bononia, the second city in magnitude and opulence in the Ecclesiastical states, is at the foot of the Appenines, between the Savena and Rino, in a rich and fertile valley. The churches are of ingenious and costly archi- tecture, and are adorned in the interior with beautiful paintings. Here is a famous university frequented by foreigners from different parts of 112 BOM Europe. It consists of five faculties, theology, ca- non law, Roman law, medicine, and philosophy. The Spaniards, Germans, Hungarians, Illyrians, Flemish, Piedmontese, and other nations, have each their particular college. The principal man- ufactures are cloth, silk stockings, and other stuffs ; satins, damasks, taffeta, velvet, gauze, crape, and linen, which give occasion to an active trade with Genoa, Leghorn, and Venice, the most important branch of which is in twisted silk. In 1799, Bo- logna was taken by the Austrian general Klenau ; but after the battle of Marengo, it fell into the hands of the French. It is now restored to the pope. 24 m. S. E. Modena, 26 S. E. Ferrara, 48 N.Florence, 180 N. N. W. Rome. Lon. 1121' 30" E. Lat. 44 30' 12" N. Pop. 63,000. Bologna, v. Italy, in Marca d'Ancona, territory ofCamerino. Bolognese, or Legation of Bologna, a province of Italy, in the pope's dominions, having the Fer- rarese on the N. Romagna on the E. Tuscany on the S. and Modena on the W. Pop. 200,000. The inhabitants have long had the reputation of being lovers of learning and the arts. Bolichaia, t. Russia, on the Irtisch, 240 m. E. S. E. Tobolsk. Bolschaia Reka, or the Great River, Kamtschat- ka, after a course of 120 miles, falls into the sea of Okhotzk, in lat. 54 S2 7 N. Bolscheretsk, t. and fort, Kamtschatka, on the Bolschaia Reka, 20 m. from its mouth. Lon. 157 E. Lat. 53 N. Bolsena, t. Italy, in the pope's dominions, 8 m. S. Orvieto. Lon. 11 54' E. Lat. 42 37' N. Bolsover, t. Eng. in Derbyshire, 5 m. E. Ches- terfield. Bolswaard, t. Netherlands, in West Friesland, 7 m. S. S. E. Harlingen, 13 S. W. Leuwarden. Lon. 527'E. Lat. 53 T N. Pop. 2,783. Bolt Head, promontory on the coast of Eng. 19 m. S. E. Plymouth. Lon. 3 48' W. Lat. 50 13 7 N. Bolton, v. Eng. in Yorkshire, 10 m. S. E. Rich- mond. Bollon, t. Richelieu co. Lower Canada, on Lake Memphremagog, S. E. Montreal. Pop. 800. Bolton, p-t. Chittenden co. Vt. on Onion river, 18 m. N. W. Montpelier. Pop. in 1810, 249. Bolton, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 18 m. N. E. Worcester, 33 W. Boston. Pop. 1,229. Bolton, p-t. Tolland co. Ct. 14 m. E. Hartford. Pop. 731. Bolton, p-t. Warren co. N. Y. on Lake George, 14 m. N. Caldwell. Pop. 1,087. Bolton le Moor, t. Eng. in Lancashire, consist- ing of two townships, Great and Little Bolton. Pop. 24,149: viz. of Great Bolton 17,070; of Lit- tle Bolton 7,079. 11 m. N. Manchester, 197 N. N. W. London. Bolus-Head, cape, Ireland. Lon. 10 12' W. Lat. 51 44' N. Bomba Anjou, s-p. W. Africa, at the mouth of the Zaire. Lat. 6 10 1 S. Bombay,is}. on W. coast of Hindostan, contain- ing the city of Bombay, which is the capital of all the British settlements on that side of the penin- sula. The island is 6 miles long from N. to S. and about 1 mile broad near the fort. It is sepa- rated from the mainland by a narrow strait, and is connected with the neighboring island of Salsette by a causeway. 177 m. S. W. Surat. Lon. 72 38' E. Lat. 18 58' N. The city is about a mile in length, and a quarter BOM of a mile in breadth, and is surrounded by fortifi- cations. In the centre is the Green, a large open space, which is surrounded with many large and well built houses. Here is the English church. On the right of the church gate is the bazar or market-place, which is crowded and populous t and is well supplied with all kinds of merchandize and provisions. The bazar is the residence of the native merchants. Besides the English church, there are numerous temples for the Hindoos, and mosques for the Mahometans, a synagogue for the Jews, chapels for the Portuguese Roman Catho- lics, and a Presbyterian church. The population is estimated at 220,000, of whom about three- fourths are Hindoos, 8,000 Persees, 8,000 Mahom- etans, 3 or 4,000 Jews, and Portuguese in consid- erable numbers. Bombay commands an extensive commerce with the countries on the Persian and Arabic gulfs, with the west and east coasts of India, the islands in the Eastern ocean, and China. With Europe also, and with different parts of America, it carries on a considerable trade. Ship-building is carried to great perfection by the Persees ; and for this employment Bombay is well fitted, on account of the immense teak forests which lie along the W. side of the Ghaut mountains. Here are rope- walks equal to any in England, with the excep- tion of the king's yard at Portsmouth, a large and magnificent dock- yard, and forges for all kinds of smith's work. With all these advantages, Bom- bay has become an important naval arsenal ; and within these few years ships of from 600 to 1,000 tons have been built in its yards, equal in durabil- ity and beauty of construction to any in the world. Bombay has been in possession of the English East India company since 1688. The administration is vested in a governor and three councillers, who are placed under the control of the supreme gov- ernment of Bengal. The climate of Bombay often proves fatal to Europeans ; the liver complaint being more frequent here than in any other part of India. The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions have employed several Mis- sionaries in this city and its neighborhood since 1814. In 1820 the number of missionaries was 5 ; holding their primary seat in Bombay, and occu- pying a station at Mahim, distant 6 miles on the N. part of the same island, and another at Tannah, distant 25 miles, on the island of Salsette, of which it is the chief town. Their principal and daily work is preaching the gospel to the heathen. In prosecution of it they not only visit the temples and places of resort in the city, but make circuits upon the islands, and in the provinces of the conti- nent. They have also engaged in the translation of the Scriptures. In 1 8 1 9 they had translated the whole of the New Testament and a considerable part of the Old, into the Mahratta language, which is spoken not only in Bombay, but by many mil- lions on the neighboring continent There is a printing press attached to the mission, and large editions of select portions of the Bible, and numer- ous tracts have already been published. Another object, on which the Missionaries have bestowed much attention, is the education of native chil- dren. In 1819, the total number enrolled in their schools, as regular pupils, was more than 1 ,000, and funds only were wanting to increase the num- ber almost indefinitely. In all the schools, those who can read are daily employed in reading or committing to memory portions ofthe Bible or re ligious tracts. i BON Bombay-hook, isl. in Delaware bay, at the mouth of Duck creek, 9 m. S. Reedy-island. By a canal of 1 1 miles, the waters of the Chesapeake and Delaware might be connected at this point. Bomiml, t. Dutch Guelderland, on an island formed by the Maese and the Waal. Pop. 2,900. 7 in. N. Bois-le-Duc, 60 N. E. Antwerp. Lon. 4 55' E. Lat. 51" 48' N. Bommfheaert,hl. Netherlands, in Dutch Gueld- erland, formed by the Maese and the Waal, and about 15 miles long, and 6 broad. BomranzepoJlam, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 50 m. W. N W. Madras. 'Bona, s-p. Algiers, called by the Arabs Blaidel- Aneb. It has a capacious harbor. It was one of the settlements of the French African company, established during the reign of Louis XIV. In 1805 it was ceded to the English. 66 m. N. N. E. Con?tantina. Lon. 7 45' E. Lat. 36 52' N. Pop. about 8,000. Bona, r. N. America, runs into the bay of Cam- pea'hy. Bonaa, isl. off Ceram. Lou. 128 5' E. Lat. 3 3' S. Bonacca, or Guanajo, isl. in the bay of Hondu- ras. Lon. 86 23' W. Lat. 16 3o' N. Bon Aire. See Buen Airc. Boaamas, or Bonias, t. Germany, 3 m. N. N.W. Frankfort. Bonandrea, Cape, the N. point of Scarpanto isl- BOO 113 Bonanza, t. Spain, on the Guadalquivir, near its mouth. Large vessels unload their cargoes here for the city of Seville. Bonarbashv, v. Asia Minor, the site of the hot springs in the plain of Troy. Bonavenlure Island-, Lower Canada, at the N. entrance into Chaleur bay. Bonavista, one of the Cape de Verd islands, 48 miles in circumference. Lon. 22 59' E. Lat. 16 17' N. Bonavista, Cape, on the E. side of Newfound- land, in W. Ion. 52 32'. N. lat, 48 15'. Bond, co. Illinois, on Kaskaskia river. Chief t. lence. Pop. 2,931. Engaged in agricul- ture 2;>;J, in commerce 8, in manufactures 104. Bon-lanello, v. Italy, in the dutchy of Modena. Bcndcn, reef of rocks in the gulf of Bothnia. .33' N, B(j/idcno, t. Italy, at the confluence of the Pa- naro and the Po d'Argento, 9 m. W. Ferrara. Bondorf, t. in Baden, 28 m. N. Zurich. Lon. 8 20' E. Lat. 47 5-2' N. Bo/idou, a kingdom of central Africa, bounded by Bambouk, S. E. and 3. by Tenda and the ilderness of Simbani, S. W. by Woolli, W. by oota Torra, and N. by Kajaaga. The inhabi- ts trade with Gedumah, and other Moorish ntries. JBonghir, t. and district, Hind, in Plyderabad. . 7y 1J ;VE. Lat. 17" lli' N. Bunkam/tton, v. Middlesex co. N. J. 6 m. N. E? ; i ins wick. ':-\>. Corsica, on the strait which is!:. ml from Sardinia, and is called of Bonifacio. Lon. 9 9' 16' E. Lat 41 ' 'tipo di, the S. E. Point of Corsica. , t of the Prussian states, in Cleves and O the left bank of th Rhine. Here is a 15 university on a comprehensive scale, established in 1818. The court of the elector of Cologne was formerly held here. 14 m. S. S. E. Cologne, 30 E. Aix-la-Chapelle. Lon. 7 6' E. Lat 50 40' N. Pop. 9,000. Bonnat, t. France, in Creuse, 12 m. N. Gueret. Bonne, t. Savoy, 10 m. E. S. E. Geneva. Bonnefcmme, t. Howard co. Missouri. Bonnet, r. Ireland, runs into Lough Gill. Bonnet Islands, in the Mergui archipelago. Lat 10 29' N. Bonnetable, t. France, in Sarthe, 15 m. N. E. Le Mans. Pop. 4,600. Bonneml, t France, in Eure-and-Loire, 20 m. S. Chartres. Pop. 1,550. Bonncrille, t. Savoy, 14 m. N. E. Annecy. Lon. 621'E. Lat. 46 4' N. Bonnieres, t. France, in Seine-and-Oise, 25 m. N. W. Versailles. Bonny, t. France, on the Loire, 45 m. W. S. W. Orleans. Bono, isl. in the English channel. Lon. 3 32' W. Lat. 48 33' N. Bono, p-t. Orange co. Indiana, 15 m. N. Paoli. Bonsall, t. Eng. Derbyshire, 3 m. N. Wirks- worth. Bonsecours, seigniory, Richlieu co. Lower Can- ada, 37 m. N. E. Montreal. Bonsecours, seigniory, Buckingham co. Lower Canada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 22 m. S. W. Quebec. Bonsecours, seigniory, Devon co. Lower Cana- da, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 41 m. N. E. Quebec. Bonsecours, bay, Alabama, which sets up from Mobile bay northerly about 14 miles, and receives at its head a small river of the same name. The river has 7 feet water at its entrance, and is navi- gable 5 or 6 miles. From the head of navigation on this river to a bay which sets up from the Per- dido, is 4 miles. Through this isthmus a canal is proposed to be made. Bonlhain, t. and district of Celebes, at the S. extremity of the island. Lon. 120 9' E. Lat. 5 20' S. Bonum, settlement, Missouri, 10 m. S. St. Charles, 20 W. St. Louis. It extends not less than 15 m. east and west, and from 6 to 10 north and south. The land is fertile and well watered. Booberack, r. Algiers, runs into the Mediterra- nean, a little W. of Dellys. ljoobooan,isl, of the Sooloo archipelap-o. Lon. 122" 9' E. Lat. 6 IT N. Booby Island, near the N. coast of New-Hol- land. Lon. 141 56' E. Lat. 10 36' S. Booby Island, W. Indies, near St. Christo- pher's. Booby Rode, isl. off the coast of New-Ireland. Lon. 159 24' E. Lat. 21" 24' S. Boodicolla, t. Hind, in Mysore, 30 m. S. E. Bangalore. Boodroom, or Boudrun, t. Asia Minor, in Cara- rnauia, supposed to occupy the site of the ancient Halicarnasms. Lon. 27 20' E. Lat. 37 N. Booferjoone, v. Algiers, 125 m. S. S. E. Sher- shell. Boogebooge, t. Hind. cap. of Cutch. Lon. 69 45'E/Lat. 2315'N. Boojemuh, r. Algiers, joins the Seibouse, near Booa. Bool, or Bullion, district, Hind, ki Canara. Lat. 13 N. Bool. See Bohol. 114 B O R Boom, t. Netherlands, 10 m. S. Antwerp. Boonah, t. A. Turkey, on the Black Sea. Lon. 38" E. Lat. 4044'N. Boondy, t. Hind, in Ajmeer. Lon. 75 35' E. Lat. 25 26' N. Boone, co. Ken. on the Ohio. Pop. 6,542 ; slaves 1,296. Engaged in agriculture. 1,821, in commerce 17, in manufactures 191. Chief t. Burlington. Booncr Shans, fort, Netherlands, 15 in. S. Emb- den. Boonsboro, p-v. Washington co. Md. Boonsboro, p-t. Madison co. Ken. on Kentucky river, at the mouth of Otter creek, 15 m. S. E. Lexington. Pop. 68. Booneslick, t. Howard co-. Missouri. Boone"s mills, p-v. White co. Illinois. Boone'' s settlement. See Howard county. Booneton, p-v. Morris co. N. J. Boonville, p-t. Oneida co. N. Y. on Black river, 27 m. N. Utica. Pop. 1,294. Boo-Shatter, supposed to be the ancient Ulica, 20 m. N. Tunis. Boosnah, t. and district, Hind, in Bengal. Lon. 8939'E. IjaLaSP&X. Bootan, country, Asia, bounded N. and W. by Thibet, E. by Assam, and S. by Bengal. It is very mountainous, but is covered with perpetual ver- dure, and the sides of the mountains are cultiva- ted with as much care as in China and overspread with populous villages surrounded with orchards and other plantations. Its productions are rice, wine, and a great variety of fruits. The prince of this country is tributary to the grand Lama of Thibet, and veryjealous of intercourse with Ben- gal. Boothbay, p-t. Lincoln co. Maine, 10 m. S. E. Wiscasset. Pop. 1,950. The bay extends 12 miles inland, and affords a bold and safe harbor of 9 fathoms water. The soil of Boothbay is rocky. Booth Gooldshaw, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 8 m. fr. Burnley. Booth Higher, adjoins Booth Gold- shaw. Pop. 2,568. Booth Lower, adjoins Booth Higher. Booth, t. Eng. 2 m. from Liverpool. Bopal, t. and territory, Hind, in Malwah. Lat. 2316'N. Lon. 77 37' E. Bopfingen, t. Wirtemburg, 28 m. N. N. E. Ulm. Lon. 10 22' E. Lat 48 48' N. Pop. 1,750. Boppart, t. of the Prussian states, on the Rhine, 8 m. S. Coblentz. Pop. 2,220. Boques Creek, Ohio, runs into Scioto river, 5 m. W. Delaware. Borabora. See Bolabola. Borah, i. Hind, in Malwah, 30 m. S. W. Se- ronge. Borang, isl. Sumatra, in the river Palambang, 20 m. below the city of Palambang. Boras, t. Sweden in West Gothland, province of Elf/jorg, 10m. S. W. Ulricaham. Pop. 1,792. Borba, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 7 m. E. Es- tremoz. Pop. 2,734. Borbio, r. Piedmont, falls into the Tanaro at Asti. Borckelo, v. Netherlands, on the Berckel, 12m. E. N. E. Zutphen. Bord, t. France, in Correze, on the Dordogne, 22 m. E. N. E. Tulle. Bordentown, p-t. Burlington co. N. J. on Dela- ware river, 6 m. below Trenton, 24 above Phi- ladelphia. It contains about 100 houses, and is the seat of an academy. Bords, Les, t. P'rance, in Arriegp, 12 m. S. E. Foix. B O R BordesJtolm, v. of the Danish states, 35 m. N - Hamburgh. Bordighera, t. Genoa, 8 m. E. Albenga. Bore, r. Ireland, runs into the Slaney. Borghetto, t. Austrian empire, in Trent, 8 m. S. S. W. lloveredo. Borghtllo, t. Austrian Italy, in Lodi, on the Lambro. Pop. 2,400. Borghetto, v. Italy in the Veronese, on the Mia- cio, opposite Valeggio, and N. of Mantua. Borghobn, fort Sweden, on the island of Oeland. Borgne, Lake, Louisiana, connected on the W. with lake Ponchartrain by the Rigolets, and on the E. with the gulf of Mexico, ft is about 40 miles long and 15 broad. Borgo, t. Russia, in Finland, on the gulf of Fin- land. ^Lon. 25 40' E. Lat. 60 23' N. Borgo, three military villages in Transylvania, 9 m. N. E. Bistritz. Borgo St. Donnino, t. Italy, 12 in. N. W. Par- ma. Pop. 5,000. Bargo d'Osma, t. Spain, in Old Castile, 40 m, S. E. Burgos. Lon. 2 57' W. Lat. 41 46' N. Borgo di St. Angelo, formerly Cilia Vittoriosa, fort, Malta, near La Valetta. Borgo di St. Sepolcro, t. Italy, in Tuscany, 48 m. E. S. E. Florence. Lon. 12 8' E. Lat. 43 35' N. Borgo di Sisia, t. Italy, in Milan, 50 m. N. N. E. Turin. Lon. 8 16' E. Lat. 45 43' N. Pop. 5,000. Borgo di Val di Taro, t. Italy, in Parina, 23 m. S. W. Parma, 35 S. Cremona. Borgo di Val Sugana, t. Austrian empire, in Ty- rol, on the Brenta, near the Italian frontier. Borgoforte, t. Italy, on the Po, 7 m. S. S. W. Mantua. Pop. 2,000. Borgo Kanuzzi, t. States of the Church, in Bo- logna on the llenot. Borgo St. Dalmazio, v. Piedmont, 3 m. S. W. Coni. Pop. 2,754. Borgo Vercelli, t. Piedmont, in the Novarese, 3 m. N. E. Vercelli. Borja, t. Spain in Arragon, 34 m. W. N. W. Saragossa. Pop. 3,200. Borissoglcbsk, t. Russia, on the Wolga, 20 m, W. Jaroslav. Pop. 2,076. Borissoghbsk, t. Russia, on the Worona, 72 m, S. S.E.Tambov. Pop. 1,788. Borissov, t. Russia, on the Beresina, 38 m. E. Minsk. Borkcn, t. Prussia, 30 m. W. Minister. Lon. 6* 48' E. Lat. 52" 51' N. Pop. 2,380. Borkurn, isl. Hanover, on the coast of East Fries- land. Borla, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, supposed to be the ancient Bithynium. Bonnes, t. France, in Var, 24 m. N. W. Frejus. Pop. 1,316. Bormia, or Bormida, r. Piedmont, runs into the Tanaro near Alexandria. Bormio, t. Austrian Italy, at the influx of the Fredolfo into the Adda, 45 m. N. W. Trent. Lon. 10 22' E. Lat. 46 17' N. Pop. 1,2CO. Borna, t. Saxony, 12 m. S. S. E. Leipzig. Pop. 2,400. Borne, r. Eng. runs into the Tame. Borneo, the largest island in the world. New-Holland, is in the centre of the Asiatic, inl- and?., and is intersected by \\\r-. equator. It is 800 miles long, ;m. They belong to the house ofBorro- mr-i, nn'l are famous for their beautiful situation and their groves of oranges and lemons. BOS 115 Borrowstownness, s-p. Scotland, on the S. bank of the Forth, 18 m. W. Edinburgh. Borsekn, v. Netherlands, on the island of South Beveland. Bosa, s-p. on the W. coast of Sardinia. Lon. 8 42' E. Lat. 40 18' N. Boscaslle, or Botereaux, t. Eng. in Cornwall, on the Bristol channel, 16 m. W. N. W. Launces- ton. Boscawen, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H. on the Merrimack, 8 m. N. W. Concord. Pop. 2,113. Bosch, isl. in the North sea, off Groningen. Lon. 5 53' E. Lat. 53 3$ N. Bosco, or Boschi, t. Piedmont, 5 m. S. E. Ales- sandria. Bosham, or Bosenham, v. Eng. in Sussex, on an arm of the sea, 3 m. W. Chichester. Boshavir. See Bushire. Boskuanas, numerous tribes in the interior of S. Africa, whose territory extends from 25 to 20 S. lat. They are evidently of the same original stock with the Kaffers, but somewhat altered ; inferior in bodily strength and stature, but supe- rior in civilization and the arts of life. Nothing was known of them till 1801, when two English travellers penetrated into the country. Since that time Latakoo has been visited by Dr. Litch- tenstein and Mr. Campbell. It is the capital of the Matchappin tribe, the only one among the Boshuanas yet visited by Europeans. Bosjesmans. See Hottentots. Boskowilz, t. Moravia, 22 ra. W. Olmutz. Pop, 3,617. Bosna, r. Eu. Turkey, runs into the Save, 50 m. fr. Bosna-Serajo. Bosna-Serajo, t. Eu. Turkey, cap. of Bosnia, 1 18 m.W. Belgrade, 230 S. Vienna. Lon. 18 5' E. Lat 44 25' N. Pop. 12,000. Bosnia, country, Eu. Turkey, separated from Sclavonia on the N. by the Save, from Servia on the E. by the Drino, from Dalmatia on the S. by a ridge of mountains, and from Croatia on the W, by the Verbas. It is full of mountains, but con- tains fruitful fields and vineyards. The inhabi- tants are about 850,000, and are of Sclavonian ori- gin. They are generally of the Greek religion. Bospliorus, or Strait of Constantinople, the strait between the Black sea and the sea of Marmora, about 1 or 1^ miles broad, and 20 miles long. It is called Bogaz by the Turks. Bossiney, or Trevenna, t. and borough, Eng. in Cornwall, on the Bristol channel, 4 m. N. W. Camelford. Bast, city, Persia, 60 m. S. W. Candahar. Lon. 64 45' E. Lat. 32 30' N. Bostan, or Olukisla el Bostan, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, 50 m. N. N. W. Marasch. Boston, s-p. Eng. Lincoln co. on the Witham, 119 m. N. London. Boston^ s-p. and cap. Mass, in Suffolk co. and the largest city in New-England, 115 m. S. S. W. Portland, 56 S. by W. Portsmouth, 40 N. N. E. Providence, 100 E. N. E. Hartford, 210 N. E. New-York, 300 N. E. Philadelphia, 436 N. E. Washington, and 300 S. S. E. Montreal, Lon. 70 58' 53" W. Lat. 42^22' 23'' N. It is pleasantly situated at the bottom of Massa- chusetts-bay, on a peninsula of an uneven surface, 2 miles long, and in the widest part about 1 mile wide. The harbor is one of the best in the United States. It has a sufficient depth of water for the largest vessels at all times of tide, and is accessible 116 BOS at all seasons of the year. It is safe from every wind, and so capacious that it will allow 500 ves- sels to ride at anchor, while the entrance is so narrow as scarcely to admit 2 ships abreast. The entrance is well defended by Fort Independence and Fort Warren. Boston is very extensively engaged in com- merce. There are probably few cities in the world where there is so much wealth in propor- tion to the population. The amount of shipping owned here in 1815, was 143,420 tons ; a greater amount than belonged to any other port in the United States, except New-York. The country in the immediate vicinity is fertile and populous, and connected with the capital by fine roads. The Middlesex canal opens a water communication with the interior of New-Hampshire. Among the literary institutions are the Boston Athenaeum, which contains about 18,000 volumes, the Boston library, which has 5 or 6,000, and sev- eral other libraries belonging to literary societies. Among the benevolent institutions are the Gene- ral Hospital, founded in 1818, which has been rich- ly endowed by the liberality of the State and of individuals, and a Hospital for the Insane, the buildings of which are situated in Charlestown. There are four bridges connecting Boston with the adjacent towns. Charles river bridge, which connects it with Charlestown on the north, is 1,503 feet long, 42 broad, and stands on 75 piers. West Boston bridge, connecting it with Cam- bridge-port on the west, is 3,483 feet long, and stands on 180 piers. Cragie's bridge is between these two, and connects it with Cambridge. A mill-dam nearly two miles long and fifty feet wide was completed in 1821, across the bay on the S. W. side of the city, the object of which is to open a new avenue, and also to create a water power sufficient to put in operation extensive tide mills, and other water works. The houses in the older part of the city are plain, and the streets generally narrow and crook- ed ; but in West Boston and in several streets re- cently laid out, the private buildings are more splendid than in any other city in the United States. In 1817 there was erected on each side of Market-street, a block of brick stores more than 400 feet in length, and 4 stories high ; and on Central Wharf, another immense pile of buildings was completed the same year, 1,240 feet long, containing 54 stores, 4 stories high, having a spa- cious hall in the centre, over which is erected an elegant observatory. Among the public buildings are the State house, which is built on elevated ground, and commands a fine view of the surrounding country; the new court house, built of stone, at an expense of $92,- 000 ; Faneuil hall where all public meetings ofthe citizens are held ; a theatre ; an alms-house ; a cus- tom house, and 28 places for public worship, 1 1 of which are for Congregationalists, 4 for Episcopa- lians, 4 for Baptists, 2 for Method ists, 3 for Uni- versal ists, 1 for Roman Catholics, 1 for Friends, a New-Jerusalem church, and the seamens' chapel. The population in 1800 was 24,937, in 1810, 33,250 ; and in 1820, 43,298. The vicinity of Bos- ton is very populous. The inhabitants have long been celebrated for their entcrprize and intelli- gence, and for the liberality with which they sup- port religious, literary, and humane institutions. The country around Boston is the admiration of every traveller of taste. The view from the dome ofthe State house surpasses any thipg ofthe B O U kind in this country, and is not excelled by that from the castle hill of Edinburgh, or that of the bay of Naples, from the castle of St. Elmo. 1 Irrc may be seen at one view, the shipping;, the har- bor, variegated with islands and alive with busi- ness ; Charles river, andits beautiful country orna- mented with elegant country seats ; and more than 20 flourishing towns. The hills are finely cultivated, and rounded by the hand of nature with singular felicity. Boston, t. Niagara co. (N. Y.) S. Buffalo. Top. 686. Boston, t. Portage co. Ohio, on Cuyahoga river, 18 m. N. W. Ravenna. Pop. 270. Bosworth, t. Eng. 11 m. W. Leicester. Botany Bay, a bay on the S. E. coast of New Holland, discovered by capt. Cook in 1770. It has been since converted into a British settlement for the reception of exiled criminals. The climate is salubrious, the soil fertile, and the settlement flourishing. In 1810, the population Avas 10,454, viz. 5,5 13 men, 2,230 women, 2,721 children. The colony consists of four districts, Sidney, Paramatta, Hawkesbury, and Newcastle, and it has two de- pendencies, Hobart's-town and Port Dalrymple on Van Diemen's land, about 300 miles distant. The chief commerce is in seal-skins, oil, and whalebone, and a profitable contraband trade is carried on with China and the South Sea islands. Se^ New Holland. Botany Island, in the S. Pacific ocean. Lon. 168 16' E. Lat. 22 26' S. Botesdak, t. Eng. in Suffolk, 5 m. fr. Eye. Boletourt, co. Va. W. of the Blue-ridge. Pop. 13,589. Slaves 2,806. Engaged in agriculture 3,358, in commerce 32, in manufactures 598. Chief t. Fincastle. Bothnia, an extensive pro vice in the north of Europe, which is divided into East and West, by the gulf ofBothina. The whole was formerly in the possession of Sweden, but the east division was ceded to Russia in 1809. West Bothnia be- longs under the title of a county to the Swedish province of Norland. BoUmia, Gulf of, that part of the Baltic which separates Sweden from Finland. It extends from lat. 60 20' to 65 50' N. Botluta, t. France, in Cote du Nord, 15 m. S. Guingamp. BotkwcU, v. Scotland, in Lanark, on the Clyde, 9 m. fr. Glasgow. Butol Tabacosima, isl. in the Chinese sea. Lon. 11712'E. Lat. 21 57' N. Botla, t. Italy, on the Po, 4 m. N. N. W. Pla- centia. BoltkhiU, p-t. Morris co. N. J. 16 m. N. W. Elizabeth town. Bottomless Bay, on the coast of S. Amerien. Lat. 41 50' S. Bottivar, t. Wirtemberg. Lon. 9 24' E. Lat. 491'N. Pop. 2,255. Bolzen, t. Austrian empire, in the Tyrol, 27 m. N. of Trent. Lou. 1 1 10' E. Lat. 46 32' N. Botzenburg, t. Prussian states, 47 m. N. Berlin. Bova, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 20m. S. E. Reggio. Lon. 16 19' E. Lat. 37 56' N. Pop. 8,797. Bouc, isl. on the S. coast of France. Lon. 4* 58" 49'' E. Lat. 43 23* 31" N. Boufhain, t. France, on the Scheldt, in the dep. of the North. The fortifications are of great strength. 7 m. N. N. E. Cambray, 9 S. W. Valen- ciennes. Pop. J.I 23. B O U Bouchard, t. France, 18m. S. W. Toure. Bouchard, isl. Lower Canada, in the river St. Lawrence, 21 m. N. E. Montreal. Boucherrille, seigniory, Kent co. Lower Cana- da, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, opposite the island of Montreal, and about 10 m. E. of the city. Boudet, r. runs into Lake St. Francis, near the boundary between Upper and Lower Canada. Boudry, t. Switzerland, on the Reuse, 14 m. S. W. Neufchatel. Pop. 1,200. Bovense, t. Denmark, in the island of Funen. Bores, t. Piedmont, 4 m. S. Coni. Bovey Tracey, t. Eng. in Devonshire, 5 m. fr. Ashburton. Bougainville's Bay^ in the straits of Magellan. Lon. 72 9' W. Lat. 53 50' N. Bougainville'' s Island, in the S. Pacific ocean. Lon.l5520'E. Lat.6S. Bougainville' 1 s Slraits, between Bougainville's island, and one of Solomon's islands. Lon. 156 E. Lat. 6 50' S. Bongechilo, r. rises in Mississippi, and running S. E. joins Pearl river in Louisiana. Boujeiah, or Bugia, s-p. Algiers, 80m. E.Al- giers. ' Lon. 5 10' E. Lat. 36 42' N. Boujepore, t. and district, Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 84 9* E. Lat. 25 36' N. Bouille Menard, t. France, in Maine-and-Loire, 6 m. N. W. Segre. Bouillon, dutchy, Netherlands, between the grand dutchy of Luxemburg and the principality of Liege. Prince Charles of Rohan now posses- ses it under the sovereignty of the king of the Netherlands. It is about 18 miles long and 9 broad. Bouillon,*ca.Tp. of the dutchy of Bouillon, 50 m. S. E. Nanmr. Lon. 5 8' E. Lat. 49 48' N. Pop. 2,138. Bouin, isl. on the W. coast of France. Bar inn, t. Delaware co. N. Y. Pop. 1,267. Bovines, t. France, 9 m. S. E. Lille. Bm-ino,t. Naples, 28m. E. N. E. Benevento. Bmika, or Lord dnson's Island, in the S. Pacific orean. Lat. 5 S. Lon. 154 34' E. Boulay, t. France, 12 m. E. by N. Metz. Pop. 2,060. Boulle, La, t. France, 8 m. S. W. Rouen. Boulogne, s-p. France, in Pas-de-Calais. The harbour, formerly among the best on the coast, is now nearly choked up with sand. Boulogne has always been a favourite place of resort for English jo-rants. Here lay the flotilla prepared by Bo- rte in 1804 and 1805 for the invasion of Eng- d. 22m. S. Calais, 45 N. Abbeville, 154 N. by . Paris. Pop. 10,140. Boulogne, t. France, 40 m. S. W. Toulouse. Rouloire, t. France, 8 m. W. N. W. St. Calais. Boundbrook, p-t. Somerset co. N. J. on the N. of the Raritan, 7m. above New-Brunswick. I1r/rolenta, t. Italy, on the Bacchiglione, 7m. S. E. Padua. Bouquenom, t. France, 45 m. E. Metz. Pop. 2,800. Kourbon, an island belonging to France, in the Indiuiocean, about 400 m. E. Madagascar. It is 4fi miles long, and 36 broad, containing 2,500 sq. miles, and is composed of two mountains. In the smallest or southern one, volcanic fires are still raging. Coffee has long been the staple product of Bourbon. The tobacco grown here is of a good quality. The forests contain wood fit for ship- building ; also aloes, ebony, palm, with a variety B O U 117 of trees that afford odoriferous gums and resins. Earthquakes are unknown here ; but it is subject to violent hurricanes, which injure the crops, of- ten throw down houses, root up trees, and occa- sion the destruction of shipping. The population in 181 1, was 60,346, of whom 16,400 were whites and the rest free negroes and slaves. Lon. 55 20' E. Lat. 21 S. Bourbon, co. Ken. lying between Licking and Kentucky rivers. Pop. 17,664. Slaves 5,165. En- gaged in agriculture 2,058, in commerce 77, in manufactures 492. Chief t. Paris. Bourbon I 'A rchambaud, t. France, 14 m. W, Moulins. Pop. 2,542. Bourbon ISAncy, t. France, in Saone-and- Loire, 36 m. S. W. Autun. Pop. 2,623. Bourbonne les Bains, t. France, in Upper Marne, 30 m. S. E. Chaumont. Lon. 5 50' E. Lat. 4757'N. Pop. 3,913. Bourbonnois, a province of Old France, now forms the department of the Allier. Bourbon'' s river, a branch of the Maramek, in St. Louis co. Missouri. Bourbon-Vendee, t. France, cap. of Vendee, on the Yon, 33 m. N. W. Fontemy le Peuple, 266 S. W.Paris. Pop. 3,080. Bourbourg, t. France, 2^ m. S. E. Gravelines, 14 N. W. St. Omer. Pop. 1,966. Bourbriac, t. France, in Cote du Nord, 18m. W. St. Brieux. Pop. 2,607. Bourchemin, seigniory, Richelieu co. Lower Canada, 33 m. E. IVlontreal. Bourdcaux, city, and s-p. France, cap. of Giron- de, on the left bank of the Garonne, 1 6 leagues from its mouth. It has a university founded in 1441 ; an academy of arts and sciences, instituted in 1712, which has a library of 20,000 volumes ; and an academy of painting, sculpture, and archi- tecture, founded in 1670. The inland commerce, carried on through the Garonne and Dordogne, is very extensive ; and the maritime commerce is, next to that of Mar- seilles, the greatest in France. The tide rises to the height of 12 feet, so that large merchant ves- sels, and even frigates, can come up close to the town. It has an extensive trade in wine and bran- dy, with Britain, Ireland, Holland, Sweden, Den- mark, the Hanse towns, and other northern states. The principal imports are, from England, woollen stuffs, tin, lead, coal, herrings, salted flesh, leather, dye stuff's, and different kinds of provisions ; from Holland, Denmark, and Sweden, staves, deals, timber for ship building, hemp, pitch, copper and cheese. The intercourse with the United States is very frequent, and is yearly on the increase. 325 m. S. W. Paris. Lon. 33' 59" W. Lat. 44 50' 15" N. Pop. 92,374. Bourdeaux, v. France, 28 m. S. E. Valence. Bourdcille, t. Franco, 9 m. N. W. Perigueux, Bourg Argental, t. France, 35 m. S. W. Lyons. Bourg d'Ault, s-p. France, 18 m. W. Abbeville. Bourg en Bresse, t. France, in Ain. Pop. 7,300. 20 m. E. Macon. Lon. 5 13' 45" E. Lat. 46 12' 26" N. Bourg-Deols, t. France, on the river Indre, J league N. Chateaureux. Pop. 1,535. Bourg-Lastie, t. France, 25 m. W. Clermont- Ferrand. Bourglois, seigniory, Hampshire co. Lower- Canada, 25 m. W. Quebec. Bourgmarie, East, seigniory, Buckingham and Richlieu counties, Lower-Canada, 36 m. S. Three- Rivers. 118 BOW Bourgmarie, West, seigniory, Richelieu co. Lower-Canada, 33 m. N. E. Montreal. Bourg sur Mer, t. France, at the conflux of the Dordogne and Garonne, 15 m. N. E. Bourdeaux. Bourg d'Oisans, t. France, 16 m. S. E. Greno- ble. Bourg de Peage, t. France, 1 m. N. Valence. Bourganeuf, t France, 25m. E. N. E. Limoges. Lon. 1 50' E. Lat. 45 51' N. Pop. 1,988. Bourges, t France, cap. of Cher, at the conflux of the Eure and Auron. It has manufactures of silk, woollen, and cotton stuffs, stockings, caps, and other articles of clothing. The chief objects of trade are corn, wine, cattle, wool, hemp, and cloth. It was anciently called Araricum, and afterwards Bilurigrr.. 36 m. N. W. Nevres, 155 S. Paris. Lon. 2 23' 55" E. Lat. 47 5' 4" N. Pop. 16,400. Bourget, t. Savoy, 4 m. S. W. Aix, 7 N. E. Chainberry. Pop. 1,169. Bourgneuf, t. on the W. coast of France, 22 m. S. W. Nantes. Pop. 2,040. Bourgoin, t. France, in Isere, 25 m. E. S. E. Ly- ons. Pop. 3,395. Bourgueil, t. France, 25 m. S. W. Tour?. Lon. 015'W. Lat. 47 17' N. Bourlos, lake, Egypt, between the Damietta and Rosetta branches of the Nile, about 40 miles long. The town Bourlos, is 30 m. E. Rosetta. Bourlos Cape, is opposite the E. extremity of the lake. Lon. 31 16' E. Lat. 31 29' N. Bourmont, t. France, on the Maese, 22 m. E. N. E. Chaumont. Pop. 1,071. Bournabat, v. A. Turkey, 3m. fr. Smyrna. Bourne, t. Eng. 36 m. S. Lincoln. Bourne, r. Eng. runs into the Avon, at Salis- bury. Bouro, one of the Molucca islands, 75 miles long, by 38 broad, and exceedingly fruitful in rice, sago, flour, oranges, lemons, citrons, other fruits, pepper, and the cayuputi tree, from which the na- tives obtain much cayuputi oil by distilling the leaves. Fine timber grows on this island, and many kinds of beautiful wood, besides black and white ebony, which are sought by the Dutch cabi- net makers. On the N. E. coast there is a spacious bay, with a good harbor, called Cayeli Road, much frequented by English whalers. 55 m. W. Amboyna. The Dutch fort stands in Ion. 12 4' E. lat. 3 24' S. B our tang, t. and fort, Netherlands, in Groning- en, 12 m. S. S. W. Winschoten. Bourth, t. France, in Eure, 6 m. N. W. Verneuil. Pop. 1,640. Boussa, t. Central Africa, on the Niger, E. of Tombuctoo. Boussac, t. France, 18 m. W. Mont-Lucon. Boussille, t. France, on the Loire, 25 m. W. An- gers. Bouton, isl. near the S. E. coast of Celebes, 85 miles long, by 20 to 30 broad. The town of Bou- ton is in Ion. 122 30' E. lat. 5 28' S. Boutonne, r. France, joins the Charente, 6 m. E. Rochefort. Boutteville, t. France, 45 m. E. Orleans. Bouzonville, t. France, 19 m. N. E. Mete. Bow, or Stratford It Bow, v. Eng. in Middlesex, OKI the Lea, 4 m. E. London. Bow, t. Rockingham co. N.H. on the Merrimack, 6 m. S. S. E. Concord. Pop. 935. Bowdoin, p-t. Lincoln co. Maine, 20m. "W. Wis- casset. Pop. 1.777. BRA Bowdoinham, p-t Lincoln co. Maine, 15 m. W. Wiscasset Pop. 2,259. Bowerbank, t. Penobscot co. Maine, 40m. N.W. Bangor. Bowers, p-v. Essex co. Va. Bowers, p-v. Southampton co. Va. Bowes, t. Eng. Yorkshire. Bow Island, in the S. Pacific ocean. Lon. 141* 12' W. Lat. 18 23' S. Bowling, t. Eng. in Yorkshire. Pop. 2,226. Bowling-green, p-v. and cap. Caroline co. Va. 48 m. N. Richmond. Bowling-green, p-v. and cap. Warren co. Ken. about 30 m. E. Russelville. It has a bank, court- house, jail and academy. Pop. in 1810, 155. Bowlinggreen, t. Licking co. Ohio, E. of New- ark. Pop. 479. Bowness, or Bullness, t. Eng. in Cumberland, 10 m. from Carlisle. Bowyer's bluff, the W. point of Washington harbour in Green bay, Lake Michigan, 85 m. N. E. Fort Howard, 99 S. W. Mackinaw. Bowyersville, p-v. Southampton co. Va. Box, v. Eng. Wiltshire, 7 m. from Chippenham. Boxborough, t, Middlesex co. Mass. 30 m. N.W. Boston. Pop. 424. Boxford, t. Eng. in Suffolk, 5 m. from Sudjiury. Boxford, p-t. Essex co. Mass, on the S. side of the Merrimack, 14 m. above Newburyport, 15 N. W. Salem. Pop. 906. Boxmeer, v. Netherlands, 24 m. E. Bois-le-Duc. Boxtel, t. Netherlands, in Dutch Brabant, on the Dommel, 5 m. S. Bois-le-Duc. Pop. 2,635. Boyd's creek, p-v. Sevier co. Ten. Boyd's creek, Louisiana, runs into the Mississip- pi, in lat. 31 50' N. Boyd> s-landing, p-v. Caldwell co. Illinois. Boydstown, p-v. and cap. Mecklenburg co. Va. Boyle, t Ireland, in Roscommon, 18 m. S. Sligo. Boyle, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y. on Genesee river, 15 m. N. W. Canandaigua. Pop. in 1810, 2,860. Boylston, t. Worcester co. Mass. 7. m. N. E. Worcester. Pop. 902. Boylston, West, p-t Worcester co. Mass. 7 m. N. Worcester, 44 W. Boston. Pop. 886. Boyne, r. Ireland, falls into the Irish channel 4 m. below Drogheda. Boyne Islands, or Islands of Benodet, near Ker- guelen's Land. Lon. 68 47' E. Lat 49 49' S. Boyolalhe, t. Java, 44 m. from Samarang. Bozrah, t. New-London co. Ct about 5 m. W. Norwich. Pop. 1,083. Bozso, r. Italy, in Milan, issues from the Lago Maggiore, and runs into the lake of Chivra. Bozzolo, t Italy, in Mantua, on the Oglio, 16 m. W. Mantua, 26 E. Cremona. Lon. 10 29' 36" E. Lat. 45 6' N. Bra, t. Piedmont, on the Stura, opposite Che- rasco. Pop. in 1802, 10,400: 10 m. S. E. Carmag- nola. Lon. 7 53' E. Lat. 44 43' N. Brabant, Duichy of, province, Netherlands, bounded N. by Holland and Guelderland, W. by Zealand and Flanders, S. by Hainault and Na- mur, E. by Liege and Guelderland. It formerly belonged partly to the house of Austria, and part- ly to the United Provinces, and was divided into Spanish or Austrian, and Dutch Brabant. The south part of it is known by the name of Wal- loon-Brabant : in it the prevailing language is a species of corrupted French, while in the northern division the common people use the Flemish ; BRA Vmt the higher classes throughout speak pure French. Brabant is divided into the quarters of Louvain, Brussels, Antwerp, and Bois-le-Duc. Braborg, v. Sweden, in E. Gothland, 24 m. E. Nordkoping. Bracadale, v. Scotland, in the isle of Skye. Lon. 6 23' W. Lat 57 22' N. Bracciano, t. Ecclesiastical States, on the lake of Bracciano. Lon. 12 15' E. Lat. 42 5' N. Bracetille, p-t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 7 m. S. W. /arren. Pop. 380. Bracht, v. Prussian States, 6 m. W. Cologne. Brackenheim, t. Wirtemberg, 18 m. N. Stutt- gard. Pop. 1,469. Bracken, co. Ken. on the Ohio. Pop. 5,280. Slaves 676. Engaged in agriculture 993, in com- merce 26, in manufactures 153. Chief t. Au- gusta. Brackley, t. Eng. in Northampton, 13 m. S. S. W. Northampton. Bradano, r. Naples, falls into the gulf of Ta- ranto. Braddock's field, Pa. the place where Braddock was slain in an ambush of Indians, July 1755, on Turtle creek, 6 m. E. S. E. Pittsburg. Braddock's bay, on the S. shore of Lake Onta- rio, 5 m. W. of the entrance of Genesee river. It sets up about 4 miles into the towns k of Gates and Parma. Bradfield, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 4 m. W. Shef- field. Pop. 4,354. Bradford, t. Eng. in Wilts, on the Avon, 7 m. S. E. Bath. It is celebrated for the manufacture of superfine broadcloth. Pop. 6,435. Bradford, or Bradforih, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 10 m. W. Leeds. Manufactures of worsted stuffs are carried on here, more extensively than in any oth- er part of the kingdom. Pop. 7,767. Bradford, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 20 m. W. Concord. Pop. 1,318. Bradford, p-t. Orange co. Vt. on Connecticut river, 7 m. below Newbury. Pop. in 1810, 1,302. Bradford, p-t. Essex co. Mass, on the S. side of the Merrimack, opposite Haverhill, 10 m. above Newburyport; 28 N. Boston. Pop. 1,600. Ves- sels of considerable burthen are built here. Great quantities of leather shoes are made for exporta- tion. Bradford academy is highly respectable, and contains at present about 120 pupils. Bradford, co. Pa. on the Susquehannah. Pop. 11,554; engaged in agriculture 3,076. Chief t. Meansville. Bradford, t. Clearfield co. Pa. Pop. 572. Bradford, East, t. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 1,217. Bradford, West, t. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 1,739. Brading, v. on the E. coast of the isle of Wight. Bradleyhall, p-v. Prince-William co. Va. Bradley, North, t. Eng. Wiltshire, 3 m. S. Trov/bridge. Bradleyrulc, t. Caledonia co. Vt. 40 m. N. E. Montpelier. Bradley sville, p-v. Litchfield co. Ct. Bradninch, t. Eng. in Devonshire, 6 m. N. E. Exeter. Bradshaiv, t. Eng. in Derbyshire. Bradwdl, t. Eng. in Derbyshire, 3 m. from Tideswcll. ar, a mountainous district, Scotland, in W. part of Aberdeen county. ', cii.y, Portugal, capital of Entre-Douro- --Miiiho, on the Este. It is the seat of an arch- bishop, who is primate of the kingdom. Its hat- B R A 119 manufactory supplies a great part of Portugal. 27 m. N. N. E. Porto, 80 N. Coimbra. Lon. 8 5' W. Lat. 41 33" N. Pop. 13,000. Braga, Archbishopric of, forms the third divis- ion of the province of Entre-Douro-e-Minho, in Portugal. Pop. in 1810, 638,102. Braganza, t. Portugal, one of the oldest in the kingdom, is situated on the Fervensa, in the prov- ince of Tras-los-Montes. 30 m. N. W. Miranda- de-Duero. Lon. 6 25' W. Lat. 41' 44' N. Pop. 2,900. Braganza, Nova. See Aveiro. Brahestadt, t. Russia, on the E. coast of Both- nia, 33 m. S. S. W. Uleaborg. Lat. 64 41' N. Brahilow, t. Turkey, in Walachia, with a strong citadel on the Danube, 130 m. S. S. W. Bender. Lon. 28 16' E. Lat. 45' 16' N. Braidalbin, district, Scotland, in Perthshire, about 33 miles long, by 31 broad. Brainerd, Missionary station of the American Board of Missions in Chickamaugah, a district of the Cherokee nation, 30 m. from the N. W. corner of Georgia in an easterly direction, 2 within the chartered limits of Tennessee, 250 S. E. Augusta, 150 N.W. Nashville, 110 N. E. Knoxville. .It stands on the western side of the Chickamaugah creek, a navigable water of the Tennessee, 15 miles from its mouth. The establishment was made in 1817, and has been remarkably prospered. In 1822, 29 boys and 18 girls had left the school who could read and write ; and the number of scholars then in school was 100, of whom all are boarded, and many clothed, at the expense of the mission. The buildings consist of a dwelling house, with appendages for the accommodation of the family, 2 school houses, 1 for the boys and 1 for the girls, several cabins used as dwelling houses, a grist-mill, saw-mill, blacksmith's and car- penter's shops. A farm of about 50 acres is brought under cultivation, and already such is the progress of the Cherokees in agriculture, that they furnish most of the means of subsistence to the mission. In the burying-ground is the grave of the Rev. Dr. Worcester, late Corresponding Secretary to the board, who died here June 7th, 1821. Brainerd's bridee,p-v. in Nassau, Rensselaer co, N.Y. Braine, t. France, 10 m. E. Soissons. Braine'l Aleu, t. Netherlands, 10m. E,N. E. Braine le Comte. Braine le Comte, t. Netherlands, in Hainault, 15 m. N. N. E.Mons, 16 S. S. W. Brussels. Braintree, t. Eng. in Essex, 1 1 m. N. E. Chelms- ford. Braintree, t. Orange co. Vt. 21 m. S. Montpe- lier. Pop. in 1810, 850. Braintree, t. Norfolk co. Mass, on a bay, 8 m. S.Boston. Pop. 1,466. It is the birth-place of JOHN ADAMS, the second President of the United States. Braintree, (Am-.) See New Braintree. Braintrem, p-v. Luzerne co. Pa. on the Susque- hannah, 50 m. above Wilkesbarre. Pop. 525. Bralin, t. Silesia, 8 m. E. Wartenburg. Lon. 17 U 55' E. Lat. 55 18' N. Bramant, t. Savoy, on the river Are, 42 m. E. by S. Chamberry. Bramapootra river. See Burrampooter. Bramber, t. and borough. Eng. in Sussex. Bramham, v. Eng. in Yorkshire, 4 m. S. Weth- erby. Bramley, t. Eng. in Surrey. 120 BRA Bramley, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 4 m. from Leeds. Brampton, t. Eng. in Cumberland, 6 m. N. Car- lisle. Brampton, t. Eng. in Derbyshire, 4 m. W. Ches- terfield. Brampton Bier alow, i. Eng. Yorkshire, 5 m. from Rotherham. Bratnslede, v. Denmark, 21 m. N. Hamburg. Bran, r. Scotland, falls into the Tay near Dun- keld. Brancaleone, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 9 m. S. E. Bova. Brancaster, t. Eng. in Norfolk. Branco de Malambo, t. New Grenada, on the river Madaleua, 75 m. N. Carthagena. Lon. 75 30' W. Lat. 11 40' N. Brand, t Saxony, 2 m. S. Freyberg. Brandeis, t. Bohemia, on the Elbe, 13 m. E. N. E. Prague. Brandenburg, Mark, or Marquisate of, the most important of the Prussian states, and the basis of the monarchy, has Brunswick and Hanover on the W. Mecklenburg and Pomerania on the N. the grand dutchy of Posen on the E. and Silesia, with a part of Saxony, Anhalt, and Magdeburg, on the S. It is divided into the electoral and the New Mark; the former comprehends the Old Mark, the Priegnitz, the Middle mark, and the Ucker Mark. The principal towns are, in the Old Mark, Stendal ; in the Middle Mark, Berlin, Branden- burg, Potsdam, and Frankfort on the Oder ; in the Ucker Mark, Prenzlau ; in the New Mark, Custrin, and in the Mark of Priegnitz, Perleberg. The majority of the inhabitants are Lutherans, the remainder Calvinists. Pop. in 1801, including the military, 1,100,000. The arts and sciences are more cultivated here than in any other part of the Prussian monarchy. Berlin is both the residence of the court and the centre of literary establishments. Brandenburg, t. Prussia, in the Middle Mark of Brandenburg, on the Havel, 31 m. W. Berlin. Pop. 13,000. Brandis,t. Saxony, 9 m.E. Leipsic. Brandts, v. Switzerland, 11 m. E. N. E. Berne. Brandon, t. Eng. in Suffolk, 5 m. from Thet- ford. Brandon, p-t. Rutland co. Vt. on Otter crsek, 12 m. N. Rutland, 40 S. W. Montpelier. Pop. in 1810, 1,375. Here is a bed of iron ore of a supe- rior quality, at which are erected a forge, a fur- nace and an establishment for the manufacture of shovels ; the forge yields 36 tons of bar iron, and the furnace upwards of 100 tons of cast iron annu- ally. Brandsoe, isl. Denmark, in the Little Belt. Lon. 9 44' E. Lat 55 22' N. Brandy Pots, islands in the St. Lawrence, 103 m. below Quebec, and opposite the mouth of Sa- guenay river. Bmndywine, t. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 1,431 . Brandyu-ine hundred, New Castle co. Del. Pop. 2,708. Brandyivine, creek, Delaware, rises in Chester co. Pa. and running E. of S. 45 miles, passes by Wilmington and falls into the Delaware 2 miles below. It abounds with fine mill seats, the de- scent of the river being 300 feet in the course of 25 miles. It is navigable for vessels drawing 8 feet water to the mills 3 miles from its mouth. A mile above its mouth it receives Christiana creek from the west. The Brandywine flour mills form BRA the finest collection in the United States. In 1815, they were 14 in number, capable of grind- ing annually 500,000 bushels. Above the flour mills other improvements are made, exten- ding 4 or 5 miles along the river ; among these are several large cotton anil woollen manufacto- ries, a large manufacture of gunpowder, a paper mill, snuff mill, &c. A battle was fought at a place called Chadd's ford on this river, between the British and Americans, Sept. llth 1777, after which the Americans retreated. Branford, p-t. New-Haven co. Ct. on Long- Island Sound, 10 m. E. New-Haven. Pop. 2,230. Bransk, t. Russia, in Grodno, 16m. W. Bielsk. Pop. 1,026. Brautome, t. France, 10 m. N. Perigueux. Branton. See Braunton. Brasckiri's creek, Ken. runs into Salt river, in Shelby county. Brasil. See Brazil. Braslav, t. Russia, 76 m. N. N. E. Wilna. Braspars, t. France, in Finisterre, 8 m. N. Cha teau-Lin. Pop. 2,323. Brassay. See Br -assay. Brassac, t. France, in Puy-de-Dome, 9 m. S. Is- soire : another in Tarn, llm. E.Castres. Brassos, r. Mexico, rises in 34 N. lat. and 105 W. Ion. and entering the province of Texas, dis- charges itself into the gulf of Mexico in 28 40' N. lat. after a course of 700 miles. Bratskoi, t. Siberia, in Irkutsk, on the Angara, 140 m. N. E. Nischngy Udinsk. Brattian, t. West Prussia, 48 m. E. Culn. Brattlcboro, p-t. Windham co. Vt. on Connecti- cut river, 36 m. E. Bennington, 41 above North- ampton, 96 W. N. W. Boston. Pop. in 1810, 1,891. Brattan, t. Eng. in Wiltshire, 3 m. E. N. E. Westbury. Bratzlav, t. Russia, in Podolia, on the Bog. Lon. 28 55' E. Lat. 48 50' N. Brain, s-p. E. Africa. Lon. 44 20' E. Lat. 1 Braubach, t. Germany, on the Rhine, 10 m. W. Nassau. Braughin, v. Eng. in Hertfordshire, 28 m. N. London. Braulio, the highest of the Rhoetian Alps, near Bormio, on the borders of the Tyrol. Braunau, fortified t. Austrian empire, on the Inn, 60 in. N. E. Munich. Lon. 12 56' 45'' E. Lat. 48 14' N. Braunau, t. Bohemia, 25 m. E. Koningsgratz. Lon. 16 9' E. Lat. 50 25' N. Braunsdorf, t. Saxony, 11 m. N. E. Freyberg. Braunsei/en, t. Moruvia, 16 m. N. N. E. Ol- mutz. Braunton, t. Eng. in Devonshire, 4 m. N. W. JBarnstaple. Bravo Rio. See Norte, Rio del. Bray, v. Eng. in Berkshire, on the Thames, 25 m. from London. Bray, s-p. Ireland, 10 m. from Dublin. Bray sur Seine, t. France, on the Seine, 10 m. S. S. W. Pro VMS. Bray sur Somme, t. France, 15 m.E. Amiens. i.l, a country of S. America, which inclu- ding Portuguese Guiana, is bounded N. by Span- ish Guiana, French Guiana, and the Atlantic Ocean ; E. and S. E. by the Atlantic ; and W. by Buenos Ayres, Peru and New Granada. It ex- tends on the coast, from the mouth of the Oyapok in lat. 4 N. to lat. 33 3' S. The area is estima- BRA ted at 2,200,000 square miles, or nearly one third of South America. Beside the above territory, the Portuguese have recently taken possession of all that portion of Buenos Ayres, lying south and east of the Parana, and extending on the coast to the mouth of the Plata, but their right to this coun- try has never been acknowledged. Portuguese Guiana includes nearly all the part north of the Amazon. The rest of the country is divided into 12 provinces, called capitanias, viz. Para, Maranham, Seara, Pernambuco, Bahia, Mi.ias Geraes,- Rio Janeiro, St. Paul, St. Cathe- rina. Rio Grande, Goias, Matto Grosso. A ridge of mountains, termed the Brazilian Andes, . allel to the coast, at no great distance, from I - to ->-2 S. lat. with the steepest side towards the sen, aiid sloping more gradually towards the inte- rior. In the west, the country again rises, and by gentle gradations attains to the height of from 3,000 to 5,000 or 6,000 feet above the level of the sea, where it spreads out into those barren and san- dy plains known under the name of Campas Pa- rexis, which occupy the very centre of South America around the sources of . the Tapajos and the head waters of the Madeira. Nearly the whole of Brazil is covered by a vast and impenetrable forest, scarcely 20,000 square miles out of the 2,200,000 which it contains being as yet brought under cultivation. This immense wilderness is traversed by the principal tributaries of the Ama- zon and La Plata, whose head streams are separa- ted from each other by the Andes of Chiquitos which winds its way irregularly from east to west through the very heart of the country, between 10 and 20 S. lat. The climate of Brazil in the northern part of the Amazon is intensely hot, but is tempered by the humidity of the atmosphere and by copious dews. In the south it is temper- ate and sometimes even cold. The country is healthy. The rains commence in March and con- tinue till August. The soil, so far as it has been ex- plored, is extremely fertile and well watered. The productions are cotton, sugar, coffee, tobacco, and fruits in the northern provinces ; the southern produce wheat and other European grains, and in- numerable herds of cattle. The forests abound with varieties of useful and beautiful wood for dyeing, cabinet work, or ship-building. But the most precious productions of Brazil are diamonds and gold, which are chiefly found in the beds of the mountain torrents, or in deep vallies, in a stratum of rounded pebbles or gravel, from which they are separted by washing. What is termed the Diamond district, extends about 50 miles from north to south, and 25 from east to west around the sources of the Rio Francisco and Rio Grande in the capitania of Minas Gcraes. This territory is under military government, and guards are sta- tioned on all the roads to examine travellers, and detain persons suspected of smuggling diamonds. No one is allowed to enter the Diamond district without the permission of the governor. The person who is detected in smuggling, is punished with the confiscation of his whole property and exile to Africa, or with imprisonment, sometimes for life. The average quantity of diamonds ob- tained in this district, may be estimated at from 20,000 to 25,000 carats annually, which are sent undT ;i military escort to Rio Janeiro, and there lodged in the royal treasury. The collection of dfemoodl now in possession of the king of Portu- gal, is the- finpM. in the world, and is supposed to 16 B R E 121 exceed in value three millions sterling. The largest diamond ever found in America, weighing almost an ounce, is one of the collection. The population is estimated at 2,400,000, of whom one sixth are supposed to be whites of Portuguese ori- gin, one half negroes and mulattoes, and the re- mainder independent Indians. Brazil is a Portu- guese colony, governed by a viceroy. In the year 1806, when Portugal was invaded by the French, the royal family, to escape the impending dan- ger, removed to Brazil and established their gov- ernment at Rio Janeiro, which continued for 14 years to be the capital of the Portuguese possessions in both hemispheres. The king has now returned to Europe, and Brazil is reduced to its former state of colonial dependence on the mother country. The religion is Roman Catholic, under one arch- bishop and eight bishops. The commerce of Bra- zil was formerly subjected by the Portuguese gov- ernment, to all the usual restraints imposed by the colonial system of Europe. But after the em- igration of the court to Rio Janeiro, the old re- strictions were done away, and a commercial treaty was concluded with Great Britain, by which all the ports of the country were opened to British vessels and produce, on payment of a duty of 15 per cent. British manufactures of every descrip- tion are now imported to a great extent. Portu- gal continues to send oil, wine, brandy, linens and cottons. From the United States are imported flour, salted provisions, household furniture, and naval stores. India and China goods are also in great plenty. The principal exports are cotton, coffee, sugar, tobacco, and Brazil wood from the northern provinces ; gold and diamonds, from the middle ; and wheat, hides, horn, hair and tallow from the southern. The chief towns are Rio Jan- eiro, St. Salvador, and Pernambuco. Brazza, isl. in the Adriatic, opposite Spalat.ro in Dalmatia, belonging to Austria. Pop. 15,000. Breage, t. Eng. in Cornwall, 3 m. N. W. Hels- ton. Pop. 2,888. Breaute, t. France, 30 m. W. N. W. Rouen. Brebers. See Barbary. Brecey,i. France, in La Manche, 8 m. N. E, Avranches. Another, 7 m. N. W. Mayenne. Brechin, t. Scotland, in Forfar or Angus co. 83 m. N. Edinburgh. Lon. 2 18' E. Lat. 56 40' N. Pop. 5,000. Breckenridge, co. Ken. on the Ohio, intersected by Green river. Pop. 7,485 ; slaves 1,267 ; en- gaged in agriculture 2,094, in commerce 9, in manufactures 38. The court-house is 44 m. from Corydon in Indiana. Breckerfield, t. Prussian states, 26 m. N. N. E. Cologne. Brecknock, co. S. Wales, bounded N. by Rad- nor, W. by Cardigan and Caermarthen, S. by Monmouth and Glamorgan, and E. by Hereford. It contains 731 square miles, a third of which is unfit for cultivation. Pop. 37,735. Families, 7,919, of which number 4,667 are engaged in agri- culture, and 2,239 in manufactures. ' Brecknock-, or Brecon, t. and cap. of Brecknock- shire, Wales, is at the confluence of the Uske and Honddu, 168 m. W. London. Lon. 3 12* W Lat. 51 54' N. Pop. 3,196. Brecknock, t. Lancaster co. Pa. Pop. 1,062. Brecknock, t. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 536. Breda, a strong town of the Netherlands, in Dutch Brabant, on the navigable river Merck, near the influx of the Aa, 22 m. S. S. E. Rotter- dam. Lon. 4 46' 36" E. Lat. 51 35' 23" N. 122 B RE B R E Brede, r. Eng. joins the Rother, near Winchel- sea. Breda, La, t. France, in Gironde, 10 m. S.Bour- deaux. Pop. 1,324. Bredstedt, t. Denmark, 21 m. W. N. W. Sles- wick. Bree, i. France, in Mayenne, JO m. N. E. La- val. Breevort, or Bredevoort, t. Netherlands, 27 m. S. E Zutplien. Brecancon, isl. off the coast of France. Lon. 6" 19'21"E. Lat. 43 5' 28" N. J3m>m/s, circle, Austria, in Tyrol, on the lake of Constance. Pop. 84,750. Bregentz, the chief town, is 4 m. S. E. Lindau. Lon. 9 43' 55" E. Lat 47 30' 30" N. The river Bregentz falls into the lake of Constance. Breglio, t. Sardinian states, 18 m, N. E. Nice. Brehal, t. France, 5 m. N. E. Granville. Brehar, one of the Scilly islands. Lon. 6 47' W. Lat. 50 2' N. Brehemont, t. France, in Indre-and-Loire, 15 m. W. Tours. Brehna, t. Prussia, 62 m. N. W.Dresden. Breirach, mt. Scotland, in Aberdeenshire, 4,220 feet high. Breisach, formerly Alt Breisach, t. Baden, on the Rhine. Pop. 2,514. Lon. 7 33' E. Lat. 481'N. Breitenbach, t. Schwartzburg Sondershausen. Pop. 2,000. Breitenfield, v. Saxony, 6 m. N. Leipsic. Brem, t. Austria, 18m. E. Trieste. Brembato di Sotto, t. Italy, 6 m. W. Bergamo. Brembo, r. Italy, joins the Adda, 8 m. fr. Ber- gamo. Bremen, a dutchy in the kingdom of Hanover, between the Weser and the Elbe, having Hadeln on the N. and Luneburg with Verden on the S. It contains 2,200 square miles, and 168,504 inhab- itants. Bremen, one of the four free cities of Germany, lies on both sides of the Weser, near the centre of the kingdom of Hanover. It was formerly a lead- ing member of the Hanseatic league, and has had, since 1529, a celebrated academy, partly Lutheran, partly Calvinist. The harbor is at a place called Elfsleth, 6 miles nearer the sea. The trade of Bremen is extensive, and is in part founded on its manufactures of refined sugar, cotton, woollen cloths, dye stuffs, c.; but chiefly on the exporta- tion of the products of the country on the Weser, and the importation of such foreign goods as find a market in these parts of Germany. The city contains 37,400 inhabitants, or including the an- nexed territory of 77 sq. miles, 48,500. 54 m. S. W. Hamburg. Lon. 8 48' 3" E. Lat. 53 4' 45" N. Bremgarten, t. Switzerland, in Aargau, on the Reuss, 10 m. W. Zurich, 20 N. Lucerne. Bremme, t. Sardinia, in xMilan, at the junction of the Sesia with the Po. Brenchley, t. Eng. in Kent, 7 m. S. E. Tun- bridge. Brendola, t. Austrian Italy, on the river Bac- chislione, 7 m. S. W. Vicenza. Pop. 2,200. Brenels, v. Switzerland, 10 m. N. W. Neufchatel. Pop. 1,000. Brenner, one of the Tridentine Alps in the Ty- rol, between Innspruck and Storzing. Height 6,037 feet. Breno, or Bree, t. Italy, on the Oglio, 32 m. N. Bresciano, 25 S. Bormio. Pop. 2,000. Brent, r. Eng. runs into the Thames at Brent, ford. Brent, or South Brent, t. Eng. Devonshire, 16 m. E. Plymouth. Brenla, r. Austrian Italy, in gov. of Venice. It rises in a lake in the Tyrol and runs into the Adri- atic below Padua ; by means of its tributary the Brentone and numerous canals it is very advan- tageous for inland trade. It divides before its en- trance into the sea into two branches. Brentford, t. Eng. in Middlesex, on the Thames, 7 m. W. London. Brcntwood, p-t. Rockingham co. N. H. 15 m. W. Portsmouth. Pop. 892. Brentwood or Burntwood, i. Eng. in Essex, 18m. E. London. Brents, r. Wirtemberg, runs into the Danube at Laujingen. Breschat, v. Dutch Brabant, 6 m. fr. Antwerp. Brescia, city, Italy, cap. of the Bresciano, in a beautiful plain on the Garza. This town is sur- rounded with walls, ditches, and bastions. The manufactures are linseed oil and fire arms. The other articles of trade are silk, flax, wool, linen, and wine. Pop. 48,000. 30 m. S. E. Bergamo, 54 N. Parma, and 106 W. Venice. Lon. 10 14' E. Lat. 45 32' N. Bresciano, a district, Austrian Italy, in Milan, bounded N. by Bormia and Trent, E. by the lake of Garda, the Veronese, and the dutchy of Mantua; S. by the same dutchy and the Cremonese, and W. by the Cremasco, the Bergamasco, and the Valte- line. Pop. 500,000. Bresins, isl. off the S. W. coast of England. Breslau, one of the four districts of the prov- ince of Silesia. It contains 3,674 square miles, and 476,000 inhabitants. Breslau is the chief town. Breslau, cap. of Silesia, is on the left bank of the Oder, at the influx of the Ohlau which runs through the town, 130 m. E. Dresden. Lon. 17 2' 18" E. Lat. 51 6' N. It is surrounded with strong walls and other fortifications. Here are 26 Catholic and 8 Lutheran churches, and a Catholic University, which has 14 professors and 400 stu- dents. It is the centre of trade for the whole of Silesia. The staple article is linen, after which come printed cottons, calico, chintz, woollen stuffs, silk, Turkish yarn, and thread. Four annual fairs are held here. Pop. including the military, 76,813. Bresle, r. France, falls into the English channel at Treport. Bresle, t. France, in Oise, 8 m. E. Beauvais. Bressay, one of the Shetland islands, about 4i miles long and 3 broad, separated from Shetland by Bressay sound, a fine harbor, where the Green- land whale ships and Dutch herring vessels fre- quently rendezvous. Lon. 1 12 7 W. Lat. 60 14' N. Bresse, a province of France, included, since the revolution in the department of the Aisne. Bressuire, t. France, in Deux-Sevres, 14 m. 6. E. Chatillon. Pop. 630. Brest, s-p. France, in Finisterre, the chief sta- tion of the French marine, and one of the best harbors in Europe. The road affords anchorage for at least 500 men of war. The harbor is in the form of alongcanal,with a verynarrowand difficult entrance defended by strong fortifications. One of the chief advantages of the harbor of Brest is, that vessels can go out with almost any wind. The principal public buildings are the barracks, rope- B R I walks, cloth manufactories, forges and founderies, the immense naval arsenal and dock-yard ; the two quays which encompass the harbor. Pop. 24,180. 127 m. W. Paris. Lon. 4 28' 45" W. Lat. 48 23' 14" N. Breteuil, t France, inEure, 17 m. S.W. Evreux. Pop. 1.896. Breteuil, t. France, in Oise, 20 m. S. Armiens. Pop. 2,160. Breton, r. Eng. falls into the Stour, near Had- leigh. Breton. See Cape Breton. B relonwoodsjt.Coos co. N. H. 70 m. N. Concord. Pop. 19. Brett, r. Eng. in Essex, falls into the Stour. Brett, Cape, the N. E. point of the Bay of Isl- ands, in New-Zealand. Lon. 185 24' W. Lat. 35 10' S. Bretten,or Bretheim,t, Baden, 18 m. S. E. Spires, and 21 S. Heidelberg. Pop. 2,594. Bretlon, Monk, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, H m. from Barnsley. Bretton, West, 6 m. fr. Barnsley. Bretzenheim, v. Prussia, prov. of Lower Rhine, formerly capital of a German principality. Pop.522. BreceUe, p-t. Natchitoches co. Louisiana. Breusch, r. France, runs into the 111, at Stras- burg. Brewer, p-t. Penobscot co. Maine, on Penobscot river, 5 m. S. E. Bangor. Pop. 744. Breicer's Lagoon, bay on the coast of Honduras. Lon. 84 40' W. Lat. 15 48' N. Breivood, t. Eng. in Staffordshire, 7 m. N. Wol- verhampton. Brewster, p-t. Barnstable co. Mass, on Barnsta- ble-bay, 16 m. E. Barnstable. Pop. 1,285. Brewlon. See Bruton. Breze, t. France, in Maine-and-Loire, 5 m. S. Saumur. Brezolles, t. France, in the Eure-and-Loire, 22 m. N. W. Chartres. Braiden, t. Syria, 100 m. N. N. E. Damascus. Briancon, t. France, in Upper Alps. Being seated on the principal road across the Alps from France to Piedmont, it is a barrier fortress of the first importance, and is considered impregnable. 50 m. E. S. E. Grenoble. Lon. 6 43' E. Lat. 44 64' N. Pop. 2,976. Brianconnet, t. Savoy, on the Isere, near Mou- tires. Briansk, t. Russia, in Orel, 95 m. N. W. Orel. Pop. 4,000. Lon. 34 14; E. Lat. 53 W N. Briar creek, t. Columbia co. Pa. Pop. 1,719. Briar creek, Geo. rises about 40 m. W. Augusta, and runs S. into Savannah river, about half way between Augusta and Savannah. Briare,t France, on the Loire, 33m.E.S. E. Orleans. Pop. 1,653. Bribir, t Austria, in Illyria, circle of Fiume. Pop. 2,712. Briceland cross-roads, p-v. Washington co. Pa. Bricherasco, t. Piedmont, 3 m. S. S. W. Pignerol. Brick, r. Ireland, runs into the Cashin, 10 m. N. rickhouse, p-v. Sussex co. N. J. rick-meetinghouse, p-v. Cecil co. Md. ricksutfle, t. Cuyahoga co. Ohio. Pop. 315. ricky, r. Ireland, runs into the bay of Dungar- Bnde, r. Ireland, falls into the Black-water. Bridgebranch, or Bridgedlle, p-v. Sussex co. B R 1 123 I Bridgfford, v. En?. 10 m. E. N. E. Nottingham. Bridgehampton, p-v. in Southampton, Suffolk co. N. Y. Bridgend, t. Wales, in Glamorgan, 20m. W. Cardiff. Bridgeness, s-p. Scotland, on the Frith oi Forth, 17 m. W. Edinburgh. Bridgenorth, t. Eng. in Shropshire, on the Sev- ern. It is an ancient royal borough, and sends two members to parliament. 20 m. E. S. E. Shrewsbury. Lon. 2 80' W. Lat. 52 38' N. Pop. 4,179. Bridgeport, seaport and borough in the town- ship of Stratford, Conn. 3 m. W. Stratford, 174 W. New Haven. It is beautifully situated on both sides of Pughquonnuck river, a fine mill stream forming at its mouth the harbor of Bridgeport. Here are a bank and 2 churches, 1^ for Episcopali- ans and 1 for Congregationalists. ' Pop. in 1810, 1,089. The inhabitants are mostly merchants en- gaged in the coasting trade, and mechanics. Ship- ping in 1815, 1,414 tons. Bridgeport, p-v. Harrison co. Va. Bridgeport, bor. and t. Fayette co. Pa. on the Monongahela, separated by Dunlap's creek from Brownsville. Pop. 624. Bridgetown, t. and cap. Barbadoes, on the S. W. coast of the island, on the bay of Carlisle, which is large enough to contain 500 ships. It is esteem- ed one of the finest cities in the West Indies, but has suffered severely at different times both from fires and hurricanes, especially from the dreadful storm of the 10th October, 1780, in which above 4000 of the inhabitants perished. Lon. 58 38' W. Lat. 13 10' N. Pop. 10,000. Bridgetown, p-t. Cumberland co. Maine, 39 m, N. W. Portland. Pop. 1,160. Bridgetown, p-t. and cap. Cumberland co. N. J. on Cohanzie creek, 20 m. above its entrance into Delaware bay, 50 m. S. S. E. Philadelphia. The river is navigable to this place for vessels of 100 tons. Shipping in 1815, 14,493 tons. Here are a courthouse and jail, a bank, and an academy. Bridgetown, t. Queen- Anne co. Md. on the W. side of the Tuckahoe, 8 m. E. Centreville. Bridgetown, p-t. Kent co. Md. on Chester river, 18 m. above Chester, 45 E. Baltimore. Bridgewater, t. Eng. in Somerset co. on the Parret, 12 miles from the sea. The river is navi- gable to this place for vessels of 200 tons. 44 m. S. W. Bristol. Lon. 2 59' W. Lat. 51 7' N. Pop. 4,911. Bridgewater', p-t. Grafton co. N. H. on the Merrimack, 28 m. N. N. W. Concord. Pop. 727. Bridgewater, t Windsor co. Vt. 17 m. N. W. Windsor. Pop. in 1810, 1,154. Bridgewater, p-t. Plymouth co. Mass. 22 m. S. Boston. Pop. 5.670. Large quantities of hard- ware, nails, &c. are manufactured here. There is an academy in the south Parish. Bridgewater, p-t. Oneida co. N. Y. 12 m. S. Uti- ca. Pop. 1,533. Bridgewater, p-t. Susquehannah co. Pa. Pop. 1,994. Bridgewater, t. Somerset co. N. J. 3. m. N. Boundbrook. Pop. 3,147. Bridlington. See Burlington. Bridport, s-p. Eng. in Dorsetshire. Its chief manufactures are cordage, sailcloth, nets, and twines of all descriptions. 15 m. W. Dorchester. Lon. 2 51' W. Lat. 50 41' N. 124 B R I Bridport, p-t. Addison co. Vt. on lake Cham- plain, opposite Crown -Point, 5 m.W. Middlebury. Pop. in 1810, 1,520. Brie, district of Old France, now included in the department of the Seine and Marne. Brie, Comte-Robert, t. France, 16 m. E. Paris. Pop. 2,600. Britc, i. France, in Finisterre, 6 m. N. N. E. Quimper. Brieg, t. Silesia, on the Oder. The commerce of the town is considerable, as are its manufac- tures of hats, stockings, and woollen stuffs. 24 m. S. E. Breslau. Lon.l730' E. Lat. 50 48' N. Pop. 8,700. Briel, t. Netherlands, on the N. side of the island of East Voorn, near the mouth of the Maese. It has a large and commodious harbor. 13 m. S. W. Rotterdam. Pop. 3,200. Brienne, t France, in Aube, 14 m. N. W. Bar. Brieno, v. Italy on the lake of Como. Brients, v. Switzerland, 22 m. S. E. Bern. Brienzdy t. Naples, in Principatro Citra. Pop. 4,352. Bries, or Bresno Banya,t. Hungary, in Sohl, on the Gran. Pop. 6,305. Brietzen,t. Prussia, on the Oder, 32m. E. Ber- lin. Pop. 4,000. Brietzen, t. Prussia, 34 m. S. W. Berlin. Briey, t. France, in Moselle, 14 m. N. W. Metz, 190 E. N. E. Paris. Pop. 1,661. Brig. See Glandford Brig. Briga, La, t. Sardinian states, 22 m. N. E.Nice. Pop. 3,000. B righthelmslone, or Brighton, s-p. Eng. in Sus- sex, at the bottom of a bay formed by Beachy Head and Worthing Point, in the English channel. It is one of the most fashionable places of resort, particularly for sea-bathing, in the kingdom. The inhabitants subsist chiefly by the resort of compa- ny and the produce of the fishery. 54 m. S. Lon- don. Pop. 12,012. Brighton, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. 5 m. W. Bos- ton. Pop. 702. Here the cattle are driven for the supply of Boston market. The Brighton Cat- tle-show is under the direction of the Massachu- setts Agricultural Society. Stalls are erected for the cattle, and a building 70 feet by 36 for the ex- hibition of Domestic Manufactures. Brighton has many elegant country seats. Brighton, p-t. Monroe co. N. Y. on the E. side of Genesee river, at its mouth, 24 m. N. W. Ca- nandaigua. Pop. 1,972. In this town is the new village of Carthage, and part of Rochester. Brighton, t. Beaver co. Pa. at the falls of Big- beaver creek. Pop. 738. Brightside Bierloic, or Brightside Ecclesatt, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, adjoining Sheffield. Pop. 6,569. Brignais, t. France, dep. of the Rhone, 9 m. S. Lyons. Pop. 1,050. Brignolles, t. France, in Var, 20 m. N. Toulon. Pop. 9,000. Lon. 6 5' E. Lat. 43 24' N. Brikuega, t. Spain, in New Castle, 40 m. E. N. E. Madrid. Pop. 1,600. Brilon, t. of the Prussian states, in the province of Westphalia, 70 m. E. N. E. Cologne. Pop. 2,472. Brimfield, p-t. Hampden co. Mass. 19 m. E. Springfield, 70 W. Boston. Pop. 1,612. Brindisi, the ancient Brundusium, s-p. Naples, in Terra d'Otranto, near the entrance of the gulf of Venice, 35 m. N. W. Otrant*. Lon. 17 40' E. Lat. 40' 48' N. Pep. 5,900. B R 1 Brindlc, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 5 m. W. Black- burn. Bririkhysrille, p-v. Halifax co. N. C. Brinon VArchcveque, t. France in Yonne, 4 m. W. St. Florentin. Pop. 2,372. Brioni, 3 islands in the Adriatic. Lon. 13 53 E. Lat. 45 3' N. Brioune, t. France, in Eure, 6n the Rille, 22 m S.W.Rouen. Pop. 1,720. Brioude, t. France, in Upper Loire, 39 m. S. E. Clermont-Ferrand. Pop. 5,000. Briquebec, t. France, in Manche, 20 m. N. W. Carentan. Pop. 4,000. Brisach, Old, t. Baden, oi> the E. bank of the Rhine, between Bale and Strasburg, 33 m. S. Strasburg. Brisach, New, t. and strong fortress, France, on the W. bank of the Rhine, opposite Old Brisach in Baden, 8 m. E. Colmar, 33 S. Strasburg. Brisgau, an extensive country in Germany, be- longing, for the most part, to the grand dutchy of Baden, and now distributed among the circles of the Wiesen, the Treisam, and the Kiuzig. Brissac, t. France, 11 m. S. Angers. Brissarthe, t. France, 12 rn. N. N. E. Angers. Bristol, city, and county, Eng. between the counties of Gloucester and Somerset, on the river Avon, which is navigable for ships of great bur- den down to the Severn, four miles disiaut, where commences the Bristol channel. The harbour for- merly labored under serious inconvenience?, ships being left aground at the retreat of the tides, which here rise to the height of 40 feet ; but since 1803 extensive works have been erected, at an ex- pense of nearly 600,000, by means of which every difficulty has been removed, and merchant- ships of all burdens now lie constantly afloat, and enter or leave the harbor at any time of the tide. The houses in the older parts of the town are built principally of wood, and are crowded to- gether in narrow, irregular streets, but those of more recent erection, particularly towards the sub- urbs and outskirts, consist of brick and stone, and are disposed in spacious streets and squares. All bulky articles are conveyed through the city on sledges, carts not being admitted for fear of dam- aging the arches of the vaults and sewers which are made under all the streets. There are 18 churches, all of them neat and beautifully deco- rated, besides numerous meeting-houses, and pla- ces of worship for dissenters of almost every de- nomination. Several of the buildings for com- mercial purposes are elegant edifices, and the city has long been famous for its numerous and well conducted charitable institutions. Among the manufacturing establishments, are 20 glass houses, 18 sugar refineries, and numerous distilleries. Us brass works are the most extensive in England. Bristol has long been engaged in a very extensive foreign.trade, though it has not made such rapid advances as many other ports, and particularly its great rival, Liverpool. Its foreign connection; are chiefly with the West-Indies ; and its com- merce with Ireland is also very extensive. Its in- ternal commerce is carried on by means of the Severn, and the numerous canals with which it is connected. About a mile west of Bristol, close to the river, is the village of the Hot Wells, celebra- ted for a warm Spring, which has been found a powerful remedy in various diseases, and is much resorted to by invalids, and the fashiona- ble. Pop. of the city, 76,433, but iw.ludhjg (he out-parishes, 100,000. 1 17 m. W. London. iure < 2,136. Bn sachui B R I Bristol, p-t. Lincoln co. Maine, 13m. E. Wis- cas?et. Pop. 2,946. Bristol, t. Grafton co. N. H. Pop. 675. Bristol, p-t. Addisou co. Vt. 25 m. S. W. Mont- pelier. Pop. in 1810, 1,179. Bristol, co. Mass, bounded N. by Norfolk co. E. by Plymouth co. S. by Buzzard's bay, W. by Rhode-Island. Pop. 40,908 ; engaged in agricul- ture 4,641, in commerce 974, in manufactures 136. Chief towns, Taunton and New-Bedford. Bristol, co. R. I. bounded N. and N. E. by Mas- usetts, S. and W. by Narraganset-bay, E. by Mount Hope Bay. Pop. 5,637 ; engaged in agri- culture 513, in commerce 281, in manufactures 393. Chief t. Bristol. Bristol, s-p. and cap. Bristol co. R. I. on the E. shore of Narraganset bay, 13 m. N. Newport, 15 S. Providence. Lat. 41 35' N. Pop. 1,397. It has a safe and commodious harbour, and is a place of considerable trade. Shipping in 1815, 6,944 tons. Bristol, p-t Hartford co. Ct. 16 m. W. Hart- ford. Pop. 1,36-2. Bristol, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y. 10 m. S. W. Ca- nandaigua. Pop. 2,249. Coal has lately been discovered here ; also a burning spring from which is emitted inflammable air. Bristol, bor. and p-t. Bucks co. Pa. on Dela- ware river, opposite Burlington, 20 m. above Philadelphia. Pop. 908, of the town 1,165. Bristol, t. Philadelphia co. Pa. Pop. 1,257. Bristol, t Trumbuil co. Ohio, 12 m. N. War- ren. Pop. 313. Another, Morgan co. Pop. 452. Bristol bay, on the W. coast of N. America, formed by the Peninsula of Alaska on the S. and Cape Newnham on the N. Lat. 58 20' N. Bristol Channel, between the S. coast of Wales, and the counties of Somerset, Devon, and Corn- wall, in England. Britain, commonly called Great Britain, lies between 50 and 58i N. lat. It is bounded N. by the North sea, E. by the German ocean, S. by the English channel, and W. by St. George's channel and the Atlantic. From N. to S. it ex- tends about 580 miles ; its greatest breadth from the North Foreland in Kent, to the Land's End in Cornwall, is about 370, and it contains 87 502 square miles. The northern part of the island is mountainous. The principal minerals are coal, iron, tin, cop- per, and lead. The annual value of the mineral products of Great Britain and Ireland, is com- puted at 9,000,000 : and the annual value of the fisheries at 1,500,000. The manufactures com- prehend every variety of fabric ; particularly, wool, cotton, linen, silk, leather, glass, pottery, iron, and the various metals. In 1814, the amount of foreign wool imported was 15,712,517 pounds, and the value of woollen goods exported, u,4( M,481. The commerce of Britain consists al- most wholly in the exchange of her manufactures for the rude produce of Europe and America. In 1815. the value of the exports was 60,983,894. The revenue in 1816 was 67,926,899/. During the late war the army amounted to 640,500 men, and th< led of more than 1,000 ships, 1 by '184,000 seamen. The population in 1811, including the Hebrides, Orkney, and Shet- 1 * 1 " 1 ' :J.:,W,803; families 2,544,215, of whu-h 1,1-20,049 were employed in trade, man- ufacture, or handicraft, 895,998 in agriculture, 8 in other way?:. Total pop. in 1821, B R I 125 Colonies in all quarters of the world are de- pendent.on the British islands. Of these, the prin- cipal are two military posts in Europe : Gibraltar and Malta ; in Asia, the whole Indian peninsula, from about 23 N. lat. to Cape Comorin, the isl- and of Ceylon, New Holland, and others in the Eastern and Southern oceans ; the Canadian terri- tories, Newfoundland, and West India islands in America ; the Cape of Good Hope, Sierre Leone, and Goree, in Africa. The population of the Brit- ish islands and their dependencies is calculated to exceed 60 millions of men; of whom about 40 mil- lions inhabit the Eastern hemisphere. Britain, New, isl. in the Eastern sea. Lon. 148 5' W. Lat. 6 50' S. It is separated from New Ireland on the north by a narrow channel. Britain, New. The country lying round Hud- son's bay, or the country of the Esquimaux, com- prehending Labrador, New North and South Wales, has obtained the general name of New Brit- ain, and is attached to the government of Lower Canada. It is a dreary, desolate region. The surface to a great extent is naked rock. The climate is so cold, and the soil so barren, that nothing of the vegetable kind can flourish here. Wild animals are abundant. The principal are beavers, bears, deer, raccoons, and musquashes, and the fur trade is carried on with great spirit. On all the prin- cipal lakes, and at the mouth and forks of nearly all the considerable rivers, there are trading hou- ses established by the English. Here the Indians bring the furs of the animals which they kill in hunting, and sell them for blankets, guns, pow- der, beads, &c. The trade is carried on by two companies of merchants : the Hudson's Bay com- pany, and the North-West company. The trade of the former is confined to the neighbourhood of Hudson's bay; that of the latter extends from lake Winnipeg to the Rocky mountains and the Frozen Ocean. The North-West company is composed of Montreal merchants. The usual mode of travelling iu this country is in birch bark ca- noes. With these the inhabitants pass up and down the rivers and lakes, and when they meet with a rapid, or wish to pass from one river to an- other, they get out of the canoe and carry it on their shoulders. In this way, the men engaged in the fur trade travel thousands of miles, and carry all their goods. British India. See Hindostan. Brittany, or Brelagne, before the revolution, one of the largest provinces of France. It occu- pied the N. W. corner of the kingdom, and was bounded S. E. by Poitou, E. by Anjou and Maine, N. E. by Normandy. It contained 1,775 square leagues, and 2,300,000 inhabitants. It is now di- vided into the departments of Lower Loire, Ille- and Vilaine, Finisterrc, Morbihan, and Cotes du Nord. Britten, isl. in the Frozen Ocean. Lon. 55 15' E. Lat. 71 6' N. B rives, t. France, in Correze, 14 m. S. W. Tulle. Brivesac, t. France, in Correze, 18 m. E. Brives. Brivicsca, t. Spain, in Old Castile, 21 m. N. F,. Burgos. Top. 2,500. Bririo, t. Italy, 18 m. N. N. E. Milan. Brix, t. Bohemia, on the Bila, 40 m. N. W. Prague. Lon. 13 40' E. Lat. 50 30' N. Brix, t. France, in Manche, 5 m. W. Valo-ne Pop. 2,599. Brizcn, a secularised bishoprick of the Austri- 126 B R O an empire, now forming a part of Upper Austria. Its extent is about 374 square miles. Pop. 26,800. Brixen, t. Austrian empire, in Tyrol, at the junction of the Rienz and Eisach, 39 m. N. N. E. Trent. Lon. 1 1 37' 15" E. Lat. 46 40' N. Pop. 5,000. Brixenstadl, or Prichstenstadt, t. Bavaria, 16 m. E. N.E. Wurtzburg. Pop. 973. Brixham, s-p. Eng. in Devonshire, on the W. side of Torbay. Pop. 4,341. Brizembourg, t. France, 12m. E. St. Jean d'An- Broach, district, Hind, in Gujerat, between 21 and 23 N. lat. on the gulf of Cambay. Broach, the capital, is in Ion. 73 6' E. lat. 21 41' N. Broadalbin, p-t. Montgomery co. N. Y. 38 m. W. Albany. Pop. 2,428. Broadcreek, p-v. Queen Ann co. Md. Broadcreek, t. Sussex co. Del. Pop. 2,599. Broadcreek, Md. runs into the Potomac, in Prince George co. 5 m. below Alexandria. Broadjield, p-v. Westmoreland co, Va. 90m. S. Washington. Broadkaven, bay, on the W. coast of Ireland. Lon. 9 U 42' W. Lat. 54 17' N. Broadhead"s creek, Pa. runs into the Delaware in Smithfield, Northampton co. Broadkill, p-t. and hundred, Sussex co. Del. on a creek which runs into Delaware bay, 10 m. N. Lewiston. Pop. 2,731. Broad river, ^. C. is formed by the union of En- noree, Tiger and Packolet rivers, and after flow- ing 40 miles joins the Saluda above Columbia, to form the Congaree. Broad river, Geo. runs E. into Savannah river, between Petersburg and Lisbon. The North fork rises in Franklin county, and unites with the South fork, 6 m. S. W. Elberton. Broad-Stairs, v. Eng. in the isle of Thanet, 2 m. N. Ramsgate. Bracken, the highest mountain of the Hartz, and of the northern part of Germany. Lon. 10 36' E. Lat. 51 48' N. It belongs to Prussian Saxony. Height, 3,486 feet. Brockville, v. cap. of Leeds co. Up. Canada, on the St. Lawrence ; 16 m. above Prescott. It is a flourishing commercial place, in a well cultivated and populous country. Brod, t. and fort, Austrian empire, on the Save, 1 10 m. W. of Belgrade. Lon. 18 10' E. Lat. 45 20' N. Brod, t. Bohemia, 18 m. E. Prague. Brod, t. Bohemia, 60 m. S. E. Prague. Brod, t. Moravia. Lon. 17 39' E. Lat. 49 2'N. Brodecz, t. Bohemia, on the Iser, 5 in. S. Jung Buntzlau. Brodera, t. Hind, in Gujerat. Lon. 73 24' E. Lat. 22 12! N. Brcdy, t. Austrian Galicia. It carries on an ex- tensive commerce with Moldavia, Walachia, the Crimea, and other parts of Turkey and Russia. 30 m. S. Lucko. Pop. 24,000, of whom 17,000 are Jews. Brodziec, t. Russia, 48 m. E. Minsk. Broek, v. Netherlands, 3 m. W. Monikeendam. Broje, or Bruive, r. Switzerland, flows through the lake of Morat into that of Neufchatel. Brok, t. Poland, 45 m. E. S. E. Warsaw. Broken Bay, New Holland. Lon. 151 27' E. Lat. 33 34' S. B R O Broken knife, creek, Crawford co. Ohio, on the E. branch of Sandusky river. Broken straw, t. Warren co. Pa. Pop. 302. Broken-straw-creek, p-v. Crawford co. Pa. Broken-straiv, creek, Pa. runs into the Allcgha- ny, 8 m. W. Warren. It is about 40 yards wide at its mouth, and is a rapid stream with numerous mills on its banks. Bromberg, t. Prussian states, in the grand dutchy of Posen, capital of the district of the Netze, and of a department and circle of the same name, on the Brahe A canal 20 miles long connects the Brahe near Bromberg, with the Netze near Nack- el. It is a work of great importance, as comple- ting the communication between the Vistula, the Oder, and the Elbe. 30 m. N. W. Thorn. Pop. 4,764. Brome, t Richelieu co. Lower Canada, S. E. Montreal. Pop. 600. Bronham, t. Eng. in Wiltshire, 4 m. N. N. W. Devizes. Bromley, t. Eng. in Kent, 10 m. S. S. E. Lon- don. Bromley\- sively used in various parts of South America. Large quantities of it are annually exported to Peru and Chili. In the mountainous districts along the Andes, almost every town and valley from Mendoza to La Paz, has had, or now has some productive mine in its neighbourhood. A short time since there were 73 mines in actual operation within this country, viz. 30 of gold, 27 of silver, 2 of tin, 7 of copper and 7 of lead. The richest of these are the celebrated silver mines of Potosi, which from their discovery in 1545 till 1803, have yielded 237,358,334 sterling, or near- ly 1,000,000 annually which has paid the royal duties. Salt is found in the extensive plains ly- ing between the Paraguay and the mountains!. The pampas to the southwest of Buenos Ayrc, alsocontain lakes which produce salt of a very fine quality. According to the official estimates fur- nished in 1817 by the government of Buenos Ayrcs ta the deputies of the United States, the B U E population was 1,300,000, exclusive of Indians. Tlw civilized Indians alone, it is supposed, amount to more than 700,000. The population is com- posed of whites, Indians, mestizoes, negroes, and mulattoes. The number of negroes and mulat- tos is very small. The most populous districts are around the towns on the coast and near the mouths of the great rivers, and the mining dis- tricts in the west, but particularly the northwes- tern provinces near the borders of Peru, which were formerly attached to that country and are still called Alto Peru, or Upper Peru. The plains in the north are almost exclusively occupied by tribes of wandering Indians. Buenos Ayres was formerly a Spanish colony, under the government of a viceroy, but a new gov- ernment was established in 1810, which ruled in the name of the king of Spain till the 9th of July 18(6, when it declared itself wholly independent, under the title of the United provinces of Rio de la Plata, which has since been changed for that of the United Provinces of South America. Since 1810 there have been three or four revo- lutions, in each of which* the form of govern- ment, so far as relates to the executive de- partment, has been altered. During all the changes, however, there has existed a congress consisting of representatives from the several pro- vinces. The revenue for the year 1817, was 3,037,187 dollars. Since the revolution many re- forms have been introduced. The law of primo- geniture is repealed, and all titles of nobility are prorubited under pain of the loss of citizenship. One of the first decrees of the congress manumit- ted the offspring of slaves born after February 1813, and emancipated all slaves imported after that period. The Roman Catholic is the established religion, but there are many advocates, both in conversation and writing for universal toleration. The number of monks and nuns was never very great in Buenos Ayres, when compared with other portions of the Spanish dominions, and they have diminished since the revolution. The herdsmen or peasantry of the Pampas form a very consid- erable proportion of the population. Thinly strewed over the great plains, they have com- monly, each one, the charge of a country many leagues in extent ; they are wholly illiterate, and dwell on an immense waste in continual soli- tude. From infancy the herdsman is continually on horseback, and there is perhaps no more ex- pert horsemen in the world. The wars that have been recently carried on in this country have call- ed these herdsmen into the field of battle, and itia said, they make the most formidable partisan sol- diery that ever existed. In courage they are in- ferior to none ; and in adroit and rapid horseman- ship they exceed what has been told of the Par- thian, the Scythian or the Cossac of the Don. They are usually called Guachos, an epithet, like that of Yankee, originally cast on them in deris- ion, but now no longer offensive. One of the principal branches of internal commerce is the trade in mules, which are sent in droves from Sal- ta over the Andes into Peru. The exports consist, principally, of hides, beef, and tallow, the great 5tuples of the country ; a variety of furs and pel- try ; with gold, and silver from the mines of Poto- si. The imports are principally British manu- factures, consisting of woollen and cotton goods of every description, hardware, hats, porter, c. ; from the United States are imported lumber, and naval stores of all kinds, salted fish, furniture, B U F 131 boots, shoes, &c. and from Brazil, sugar, coffee and rum. The value of the exports is estimated at $10,000,000 per annum ; and that of the imports is about the same. The principal rivers of Buenos Ayres are the Paraguay or Plata, Parana and Uruguay. This country is divided into 8 inten- dancies : viz. Buenos Ayres, Paraguay, Cordova, Salta, Potosi,Charcas, La Paz and Cochabamba. Buenos Ayres, city and capital of the above i? built on the S. W. bank of the Rio de la Plata, 180 miles from its mouth. The river here is 30 miles broad, and is merely an open road. Ships cannot approach within three leagues of the shore, and are compelled to unload by lighters, and to resort to the bay of Barragan, 23 or 24 miles below, to wait for their cargoes. The navigation of the Plata to Buenos Ayres, is extremely dangerous, owing not only to rocks, sand banks, and shal- lows, which abound in many parts of the river, but likewise to the impetuous blasts, called Pam- peros, which occasionally sweep over it with des- tructive fury. The town is regularly laid out, the streets intersecting each other at right angles. In the middle of the town is a large area, 40 rods square, on the sides of which are the castle, the cathedral, and the town hall. All these edifices, together with the churches, convents and hospitals, are built of a beautiful white stone, found in a plain near the town. The population is estima- ted at 62,000, one half of whom are whites, and the rest, Indians, negroes, mulattoes, and mesti- zoes. The commerce of the town is very exten- sive, the port being the outlet for the produce, not only of the whole valley of the Plata, but also of large districts of Peru and Chili. Lon. 57 24' W. Lat. 34 35' S. Buen Retiro. See Madrid. Bucro. See Bouro. Bufalo, Porto, s-p. Turkey, on the S. W. coast of Negropont. Lon. 24 15' E. Lat. 38 13' N. Buffalo Lake, North America, near the Copper- mine 'river, in Ion. 111 W.lat.67 12' N. Buffalo, p-t. port of entry and cap. Niagara co. N. Y. at the outlet of Lake Erie, 22 m. S. Niagara fall?, 80 N. E. by E. Erie, 240 E. Sandusky. 302 E. Detroit, 222 N. N. E. Pittsburg, 291 W. Alba- ny. Pop. 2,095, of whom 1,100 are in the village. Here is a bank. Being situated on the bestchannel of intercourse between the Atlantic and the regions of the West, Buffalo is destined to become a great emporium of trade. The town is built on the N. E. side of Buffalo creek, a considerable mill stream which joins the lake half a mile below. The depth of water in Buffalo creek is sufficient for a harbor, being 12 or 14 feet for a mile from its mouth, and the breadth from 12 to 16 rods. Its only obstruction is the sand and gravel at its mouth, driven in by gales of wind. To prevent the sand from thus accumulating, a pier of 1000 feet in length is now erecting, which is so far completed (1822) that vessels drawing 6 or 7 feet water enter the harbor. Buffalo was burnt by the British during the late war, but has been since rebuilt. Buffalo, t. Washington co. Pa. Pop. 1,430. Buffalo, t. Armstrong co. Pa. Pop. 1,597. Btjffalo, t. Butler co. Pa. Pop. 582. Buffalo, t. Union co. Pa. Pop. 2,376. Buffalo, West, t. Union co. Pa. Pop. 1,183. Biiffalo, t. Perry co. Pa. Pop. 875. Buffalo, p-v. Mason co. Va. Buffalo, t. Guernsey co. Ohio, on Wills creek, 6 m. S. Cambridge. Pop. 482. 132 B U K Buffalo, t. Pike co. Missouri. Buffalo, r. Niagara co. N. Y. runs into Lake Erie at Buffalo. Buffalo, r. Pa. runs into the W. branch of the Susquehanuah, above Lewisburg. Buffalo creek, Va. runs into the Ohio above Wheeling. Buffalo creek, rises in N. C. and runs into Broad river, in S. Carolina. Buffalo creek, Geo. runs into the Oconee, 30 or 40 m. below Milledgeville. Buffalo, r. Mississippi, runs into the Mississippi, 2 m. above Fort Adams, at Loftus* heights. Buffalo fork, Arkansas territory, rises near the N. bank of the Arkansas, and running 180 miles N. E. joins White river 700 miles above its mouth. Bug, or Bog, r. Poland, has its source in Gali- cia, and falls into the Vistula a little above the town of Zakroczyn, N. W. of Warsaw. It forms the boundary between the kingdom of Poland and the Russian governments of Volhyniaand Grodno. Buga, city, New Grenada, 15 leagues N. E. Po- payan. Lat.258'N. Bugano, isl. off the S. E. coast of Sumatra. Lon. 102 25' E. Lat. 5 20' S. Bugden, or Buckden, t. Eng. in Huntingdon, 30 m. S.^Stamford. Bugey, formerly a province of France, which lay between Tranche Cerate", Bresse, Dauphiny, and Savoy, now included in the department of the Ain. Buggess. See Boni Bay. Bugia. See Boujeiah. Bugie, v. A. Turkey, 3 m. S. Smyrna. Bugie, s-p. Egypt, on the Red Sea. Lon. 38 40' E. Lat. 22 15' N. Buglou'ton, t, Eng. in Cheshire. Bugue, Le, t. France, in Dordogne, 18m. S. S. E. Perigueux. Pop. 2,486. Bugulma, t. Russia, in Upha. Lon. 52 24' E. Lat. 54 39' N. Buguruslansk, t. Russia, 140 m. W. S. W. Upha. Buhawulpore, district, Hind, on beth sides of theHyphasis, or Ghurra, bounded E. and S. by Biccanee, W. and N. by Moultan. Buhawulpore, the cap. is on the E. bank of the Hyphasis, in lat. 30 4ff N. Ion. 7 IMS' E. 70 m. fr. Moultan. Buhl, t. in Baden, 9 m. S. S. W. Rastadt. Lon. 8 1 2' E. Lat. 48 44' N. Bujalance, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 10 m. E. Cordova. Bujana, t. Hind, in Gujerat. Lon. 71 25' E. Lat. 22 55' N. Builth, t. Wales, in Brecknock co. on the Wye, 14m. fr. New Radnor. Buinaah, Point, Ireland, the S. cape at the en- trance of Newport bay. Lon. 9 43' W. Lat. 43 40' N. Buis, Le, t. France, 45 m. S. E. Valence. Lon. 5 2 1' E. Lat. 44 17' N. Buisaco, r. Quito, enters the Juanambu. Builrago, t. Spain, 36 m. N. Madrid. Lon. 3 53' VV. Lat. 41 1' N. Bukarcst. See Bucharest. Bukharia, Bukhara, or Bokhara, said to signify the Country of Learned Mm, a country of Asia, whose limits are not exactly denned by modern geographers. It is commonly called Great Buk- haria, in contradistinction to a country called Lit- tle Bukharia, which bounds it on the east. On the N. and W. it seems to be bounded by Karasm and Turkestan, and on the S. by Persia and Nor- thern Hiadostan. It extends, according to the B U L most accurate estimate, about 700 miles from N. to S. and 350 from E. to VV. It is believed to be divided into three provinces (though they are cer- tainly not ruled by the same government,) Buk- haria proper, Samarcand, and Bulkh. The coun- try is watered by the Sihon on the N. the Amu, or Oxus on the S. and the Sogd. It is inhabited by two distinct races of Tartars, one called Tau- jiks, Tajiks, or Kirghizes, and the other, Usbecks, a principal tribe of Tartars. This country was called by the ancients Sogdiarw. Bukharia, Bokhara, or Bogar, a city of Asia, cap. of Great Bukharia,on the Sogd,abranch of the Oxus, 50 miles from its mouth. It has long been celebrated for the study of theology and Mahome- tan law. The inhabitants are employed in the manufacture of cotton yarn, calicoes and soap, which are chiefly exported to Persia. Merchants of all kinds meet with great encouragement, and all religions are tolerated. The population is supposed to exceed 100,000. Lon. 62 45' E. Lat. 39 27' N. Bukharia, Little, a country of Asia, no bettor known to Europeans than Great Bukharia. It appears to lie amidst deserts, and is bounded N. and E. by Mongolia, S. by Thibet, and W. by Great Bukharia. The productions of the country are gold, silver, and all sorts of precious stones, which are sent to India, China, and Tobolsk in Siberia. The Bukharians are Tartars and Ma- hometans. This country formerly consisted of 2 kingdoms, Kashgar in the west, and Kalis in the east. Since 1759, the whole has been tributary to China. The principal towns are Yarkand and Cashgar. Lat. 36 to 43 N. Bukorest. See Bucharest. Bukowine, province in the Austrian empire, bounded N. by the Dniester, E. and S. by Molda- via, and W. by Transylvania and Galicia. It contains 4,000 square miles. Pop. 190,000. Bulach, t. Switzerland, 8 m. N. Zurich. Bulach, v. Black Forest, in Suabia, 20m. W. S. W. Stutgard. Bulak, v. Egypt, 2 m. W. Cairo, to which city it serves as a harbor. It contains a custom-house, magazines, and a large bazar. Bulama, one of the Bissagos islands, on the W. coast of Africa. In 1792 a company was formed in England with the view of colonizing this island, and the island was ceded to Great Britain ; but owing to the bad choice of the colonists, defects of the climate, and hostility of the neighboring peo- ple, it was abandoned. Bularskaia, t. Russia, on the Irtisch, opposite Tobolsk. Bulgaria, Little, a province of Turkey in Eu- rope, which extends from the Black sea to Servia. The Danube divides it from Bessarabia, Moldavia, and Walachia, while the Sardinian mountains and the river Kamtchi separate it on the S. from Mace- don and Rumelia proper. Pop. estimated at 1,500,000. The inhabitants speak the Sclavonic language, and profess partly the Greek, and part- ly the Mahometan religion. Bulgin, t. Siberia, 3 m. fr. Okhotzk. Bulgnemlle,t. France, 10 m. S. E. Neufchateau. Bulitaga, a range of mountains in central Asia, extending from Ion. 72 to 73 E. lat. 48 30' to 51 N. Bulkh, or Balk, a country of Asia, dependent on the kingdom ofCabul. Its extent cannot be ac- curately defined ; it has the Oxus on the N. the mountains of Hindoo Coosh on the S. and a desert country on the W. It is about 250 miles long and BUN 100 broad. The country surrounding the towns is in a high state of cultivation. It is inhabited by Usbeck Tartars, Taujiks and Arabs, who dwell partly in towns and partly in tents. Pop. about 1,000,000. Bulkh, cap. of the province of that name, on the Dehasp,in a flat, fertile and well cultivated coun- try, watered by eighteen canals. It is the Bac- tria of the Greeks ; its history belongs to the high- est antiquity, and all Asiatics are impressed with the idea of its being the oldest city in the world. Pop. 6,000 or 7,000. Lon. 65 16' E. Lat. 36 28' N. Bul^ isl. off the S. W. coast of Ireland. Lon. 10 9' W. Lat. 5133'N. Bull, rock, off the N. coast of Ireland. Lon. 6 1% W. Lat. 55 19' N. BullanBay, between the island of Achil and W. coast of Ireland. Lon. 9 43' W. Lat. 54 N. Bulk, t. Switzerland, 10 m. S. Fribourg. Bulles, t. France, 10 m. E. N. E. Beauvais. Bullet, co. Ken. on the Ohio. Pop. 5,831. Slaves 245. Engaged in agriculture 1,228, in commerce 7, in manufactures 288. Bulletsburg, p-t. Boone co. Ken. Bull Island, S. C. on the N. side of Charleston harbor. Bulloah,t. Bengal, 12 m. S. E. Luckipour. Bulloch, co. Geo. between Ogechee and Ca- noohee rivers. Chief t. Statesboro'. Pop. 2,578. Slaves 697. Engaged in agriculture 329, in man- ufactures 1. Bull's Bay, or Boboul Bay, on the E. coast of Newfoundland. Lat. 47 21' N. Bull's Head, cape, Ireland. Lon. 10 4' W. Lat. 52 6' N. Bullskin, t. Fayette co. Pa. on the Youghiogeny. Pop. 1 ,484. Bulstrode, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, 20 m. S. E. Three-Rivers. Bumm, city, Persia, cap. of Kerman. It is strongly fortified. Lon. 58 E. Lat. 29 17' N. Bumosa, or Abi, isl. in the Persian gulf. Lon. 54 E. Lat. 26 15' N. Bunawe, s-p. Scotland. Lon. 5 16' W. Lat. 56 24' N. Bunbury, v. Eng. 6 m. from Nantwich. Bunclody. See New-Town Barry. Buncombe, co. N. C. the W. corner of the state. Pop. 10,542 ; slaves 1,042 ; engaged in agricul- ture 2,796, in commerce 11, in manufactures 16. Chief t. Morristown. The warm springs of this county are found upon the margin of French Broad river about 32 miles from Ashville and 5i from the Tennessee line. The waters are of the temperature of 94 to 104 and are beneficial in cases of palsy, rheumatism, cutaneous affections, &c. The country around is mountainous and healthy, and abounds in romantic scenery, ren- dering the springs an agreeable resort for inva- lids. Bundelcund, an extensive district, Hind, in the province of Allahabad, lying between 24 and 26 N. lat Its capital is Callinger. Since 1804, it has belonged to the British. Bunder Reig. See Bender Rigk. Buncau, t. Eng. in Suffolk, on the Waveney, which is navigable by barges to Yarmouth ; 38 m. N. N. E. Ipswich. ' Bunpoor, t. Persia, in Mekran. It has a strong fortress. Lon. 60 10' E. Lat. 27 50' N. Bunree, r. Ireland, runs into the Moy. Bunroio, r. Ireland, runs into the Donegal Bay. BUR 133 Buntingford, t. Eng. 11 m. N. Hertford. Buntwall, t. Hind. 15 m. E. Mangalore. Lon. 75 9' E. Lat. 12 48' N. Buntzlau, Circle o/, in Bohemia, bounded E. by Koniggratz, S. byKaurzim, VV. by Leutmeritz, and N. by Silesia and Lusatia. Pop. 313,592. Buntzlau, t. Bohemia, on the Iser, 28 m. N. N. E. Prague. Buntslau, t. Silesia, on the Bober, 26m. N. W. Jauer. Lon. 15 37' E. Lat. 51 13' N. Pop. 3,534. Bunwoot, isl. off the W. coast of Mindanao, be- longing to the English East India company. Lon. 124 30' E. Lat. 7 12' N. Buonconvento, t. Tuscany, 10m. S. E. Siena. Buono, r. Chili, enters the Pacific, in lat. 40 37' S. Burampooter. See Burrampooter. Burampour, t. Hind. 80 m. N. E. Cicacole. Burburata, t. Caraccas, 52 m. W. Coro. Bur- burata islands are opposite to it, in the Caribbean sea. Burdee, t. Hind. Lon. 82 27' E. Lat. 24 37' N. Burdwan, district of Bengal, between 22 and 24 N. lat. and on the W. side of the Hoogly. Burdwan, the capital, is a large town, on Dum- moodah river, 50 m. N. Calcutta. Lon. 87 57' E. Lat. 23 15' N. The Church Missionary Society have selected this place for one of their stations, and in 1820, they had 13 flourishing schools under their direction, in which 1300 children were receiv- ing instruction. Burda, Cape, Spain. Lon. 7 26' W. Lat. 43 41' N. Burella, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 9 m. E. Nicotera. Buren, t. Netherlands, 6 m. S. E. Utrecht. Buren, t. Prussian states, 13 m. S. S. W. Pader- born. Bures, t. Eng. in Suffolk, on the Stour. Burford, t Eng. 17 m. N. N. W. Oxford. Burford, t. Oxford co. Up. Canada. Burg, t. Prussian states, 4 m. N. E. Magdeburg. Pop. 7,000. Burg, t. Prussian Cleves and Berg,in Dusselford, on the Wipper. Pop. 2,000. Burg, t. Netherlands, 12 m. S.S.E. Zutphen. Burgas, t. Turkey, on the Black sea, 112 m. N. N. W. Constantinople. Lon. 27 29' E. Lat. 42 a 31' N. Burgua, formerly a margraviate of Suabia, now included in the Bavarian circles of the Upper Dan- ube and the Iller. Pop. 1 1,497. Burgau,t. Bavaria, 19 m. N. W.Augsburg, 20 E.N. E.Ulm. Burg-Bur nheim, t. Bavaria, 14 m. N. N. W. Anspach. Pop. 1,100. Burgdorf, t. Switzerland, 10m. N. E. Bern. Burgdorf, t. Hanover, 9 m. S. Zell. Lon. 10 7' E. Lat. 52 28' N. Burg-Ebrach, t. Bavaria, 8 m. S. W. Bamberg. Burgcl, t. Germany, 15m. S. E. Weimar. Lon. 1144'E. Lat. 50 55' N. Burgess, t. Leeds co. Up. Canada. Burgetstown, p-t. Washington co. Pa. Burgh, t. Eng. in Lincoln, 5 m. N. W. Wain- fleet. Burg Ifamsa. See Hamsa. Burghausen, t. Bavaria, on the Salza, near its in- flux into the Inn, 50 m. E. Munich. Lon. 12 47' E. Lat. 48 7' N. Pop. 3,010. Burgh Head, cape, Scotland. Lon. 3 24' W. Lat. 57 41' N.; another, in lat. 54 44' 20" N. 134 BUR Burgh-upon-Sands, v. Eng. 5 m. N. W.Car- lisle. Burglen, v. Switzerland, 4 m. N. N.W. St. Gall. Burglengenfdd, t. Bavaria, 12 m. N. VV. llat- iabon. Fop. 1,400. Burgos, province, Spain, part of Old Castile. Sq. miles, 7,752. Pop. 450,000. Burgos, city, Spain, cap. of Old Castile, on the right bank of theArlanzon. It was very flourish- ing in former time?. 112m. N. Madrid. Lon. 2 40 / 15"W. Lat4250'29"N. Pop. 9,000. Burgstadt, t. Saxony, 3 m. fr. Penig. Burgu, district, Africa, on the S. border of the Lybian desert, probably the same as Burdoa. Burguelta, El, t Spain, 24 m. E. N. E. Pampe- luna. Burgundy, Circle of, one of the ten circles of the German empire. Originally it was very ex- tensive and comprised, beside the free county (Franche Comte) of Burgundy, the whole 17 prov- inces of the Netherlands ; but after the Dutch provinces declared their independence, and the southern part of the circle was gradually acquired by France, it consisted only of the Spanish or Aus- trian Netherlands. Burgundy, Dutchy of, otherwise called Burgun- dy Proper, or Lower Burgundy, to distinguish it from Franche Comtt or Upper Burgundy, formerly a province in the east of France. The principal product of the country is its wine, which is known and esteemed throughout Europe. At the revolu- tion it was divided into the departments of the Saone and Loire, the Cote d'Or, and the Yonfle ; part of it also lies in those of the Nievre, the Aube, the Upper Marne, and the Ain. The principal towns after Dijon, are Macon, Autun, Chalons sur Saone v Auxerre, and Sens. Burgundy. See Artlat. Burhalia, t. Syria, 10m. N. W. Damascus. Burhampour, city, Hind. cap. of Candeish, on the Tatee, 100m. N. Aurungabad, 452 S. Delhi. Lon. 76 20' E. Lat. 21 C 22' N. Buriana, t. Tuscany, near the lake of Castigli- one, 16 m. S. Montieri. Burias, one of the Philippine islands. Lon. 122 43' E. Lat 12 46' N. Buriats, a tribe of Tartars, widely dispersed throughout the government of Irkutsk in Sibe- ria. Their features bear much resemblance to those of the Kalmucks. They inhabit the banks of the lake Baikal, and of the rivers Angara and Lena. Burka, or l r araqut, s-p. Arabia, the residence of the Iman of Muscat, 40 in. N. W. Muscat. Lat. 2348'.\. Burke, p-t. Caledonia co. Vt. 45m. N. E. Mont- pelier. Pop. in 1810, 459. Burke, co. N. C. on Catawba river, among the mountains of the Blue ridge. Pop. 13,411 ; slaves 1,917 ; engaged in agriculture 3,799, in commerce 15, in manufactures 188. Chief t. Morgantown. Burke, co. Geo. on Savannah river. Pop. 1 1,577; slaves 5,820; engaged in agriculture 4,277, in com- merce 27, in manufactures 103. Chief t. Waynes- boro. Burkersdnrf,v. Saxony, in Misnia. Pop. 1,000. Burke' s Canal, inlet on the N. W. coast of America, formed by King's Island on the N. and New Albion on the S. Lon. 232 Iff E. Lat. 51 57' N. Burkesinlle, p-t. Cumberland co. Ken. Buriats, t. France, 4 m. E. Castres. Pop. 1,192. BUR Bnrky, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 2m. fr. Otley. Hurley on the Hill, v. Eng. in Rutland co. Burlington, or Bridlington, s-p Eng. in York- shire, on Burlington bay. Burlington Qw/.y, is situated on the coast. It is formed by a pier, which extends a considerable way into the bay, and is defended by two batteries. Considerable trade is carried on here. There is a custom-house, which is dependent on Hull. The Quay is much resort- ed to for sea bathing. Pop. of Burlington and Burlington Quay; 3,741. 20 m. from Scarborough. Lon. 8' W. Lat. 54 8' 30" N. Burlington, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. 12 m. N. W. Boston. Pop. 508. Burlington, p-t. port of entry, and cap. Chitten- den co. Vt. delightfully situated on a bay of the same name in lake Champlain, 34 m. W. N. W. Montpelier, 110 S. Montreal, 198 N. W. Boston. Lon. 73 W. Lat 44 29' N. Pop. in 1810, 1,690. The village is one of the handsomest in the state. It occupies the side of a hill, ascending near a mile from the bay. Here are two handsome Con- gregational meeting-houses, a courthouse, jail, academy, and a spacious college edifice. Within the limits of the township, a mile N. E. of the vil- lage, are the falls of Onion river, around which are several valuable mills and manufacturing establishments. About 20 vessels navigate lake Champlain, most of which are owned in this place. The University of Vermont is located in this town. It was incorporated in 1791, and has been liberally patronized by the state. It has a presi- dent, 5 professors, 2 tutors, a library of about 1,000 volumes, and a philosophical apparatus which is tolerably complete. The funds consist principally of lands, amounting to about 40,000 acres, and yield at present an income of about 1200 dollars. The number of students in 1818 was 28. The college edifice is a beautiful brick building, 160 feet long, and 4 stories high. It is finely situated on the E. side of the village, a mile from the lake, and elevated more than 300 feet above its surface. From the top of the college there is a noble view of the lake and the adjacent country. Burlington, t. Hartford co. Ct. 16 m. W. Hart- ford. Pop. 1,360. Burlington, p-t. Otsego co. N. Y. 12 m. W. Cooperstown. Pop. 2,457. Burlington, co. N. J. on the Atlantic, and exten- ding N. W. to Delaware river. Pop. 28,822; slaves 82 ; engaged in agriculture 4,042, in com- merce 175, in manufactures 1,585. Chief towns, Mount-Holly and Burlington. Burlington, city, port of entry, and cap. Bur- lington co. N. J.on Delaware river, opposite Bris- tol, 11 m. below Trenton, 17 above Philadelphia. Pop. 2,758. The most populous part is on an isl- and in the Delaware, to which there are 4 en- trances by bridges. It was settled in 1677. It contains a courthouse and jail, 4 houses of public worship, an academy, a public library, and has some manufactures. Its harbor is safe and com- modious. Shipping in 1815, 1,592 tans. Burlington, t. Bradford, co. Pa. Pop. 560. Burlington, t. Belmont co. Ohio, on Ohio river, 4 m. above Wheeling in Kentucky, 10 N. E. St. Clairsville. Another, in Licking co. Pop. 489. Another, p-t. and cap. Lawrence co. Ohio, on Ohio river, 75 m. S. E. Chillicothe, 120 fr. Columbu?. Pop. 140. BUR Burlington-bay, Up. Canada, the W. end of lake Ontario. This bay is both spacious and secure, but the entrance is narrow and so shallow that only boats can pass, and there is a bridge thrown across it. Burmar. See Birmah. Burmoul, v. of Cuttack,in Hind. It is fortified, and commands a pass into the district. Lon. 85 10' E. Lat. 20 21' N. Burners Island, in the Frozen ocean. Lon. 182 30' E. Lat. 67 45' N. Burnham, t. Eng. in Essex, 48 m. fr. London. Buniham, or Market Burnham, t. Eng. in Nor- folk, 34 m. N. W. Norwich. Burnley, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 23 m. N. Man- chester. Pop. 4,368. Burnt coat island, Hancock co. Maine. Pop. 218. Burnt-corn, p-t. and cap. Munroe co. Alabama. Burnt island, a royal burgh and parish,Scotland, on the Frith of Forth, 6 m. N. N. W. Leith. Burnt Island, off the S. coast of Newfoundland, 15 m. E. S. E. Cape Ray. Lon. 58 50' W. Lat. 47 30' N. Burnt river. See Montreal river. Burntwood. See Brentwood. Burnu. See Bornou. Burr, isl. in the Irish sea. Lon. 5 21' W. Lat. 54 28' N. Burramootee, t. Hind, in Bejapour. Lon. 74 31' E. Lat. 18 14' N. Burrampooter, or Brahmapootra, r. Asia, which rises on the north side of the Himmaleh moun- tains, not far from the source of the Ganges, and after flowing for more than half its course in an easterly direction, breaks through the mountains and turning to the W. and then to the S. joins the Ganges about 40 m. from its mouth. Its course is about 1500 miles. Burray, one of the Orkney islands. Lon. 2 47' W. Lat. 60 4V N. Burray, one of the Shetland islands. Lon. 1 39' W. Lat. 60 5' N. Burrilville, t. Providence co. R. I. 24 m. from Providence. Pop. 2,164. It contains a bank, and several cotton factories. Burrow Head. See Burgh Head. Burrowbridge. See Boroughbridge. Burrowstouness. See Borrowstownness. Bursa, city, A. Turkey, in a spacious plain at the foot of mount Olympus. The population con- sists of Turks, Greeks, Armenians, and Jews. Va- rious manufactures, and considerable trade are carried on here. Great variety of satins, chiefly striped, are made, for the short under garments of the Turkish habit ; there are besides manufac- tures of silk stuffs and gauze, and quantities of raw silk are exported to Smyrna and Constantino- ple. The caravans passing from Smyrna and Alep- po to the capital, promote its commerce. Bursa was once the capital of the Turkish empire. Pop. about 60,000. 75 m. S. Constantinople. Lon. 29 l^E. Lat.40ll'N. Bur-Salum. See Salum. Burscheid, t. Prussian grand dutchy of the Low- er Rhine, near Aix-la-Chapelle. Pop. 3,534. Burscough, L Eng, in Lancashire, on the Liver- pool and Leeds canal. Bur-Sin. See S-in. Bursle.m, t. Eng. in Staffordshire, 3 m. N. New- castle-under-Line. It has extensive potteries. Pop. 8,625. BUS 135 Burton, or Burton in Kendal, t. En*, in West- moreland. Burton, t. Sunbury co. New Brunswick, on the W. side of St. John river. Burton, t. Strafford co. N. H. 50 m. N* N. E. Concord. Pop. 209. Burton, p-t. Geauga co. Ohio. Pop. 506. Burton, t. Washington co. Missouri. Burton upon Slather, t. Eng. 31 m. N. Lincoln. Burton upon Trent, i. En|. in Stafford, celebra- ted for its excellent ale, of which vast quantities are made both for home consumption and for ex- portation. 11 m. S. W. Derby, 124 N. N. W. London. Lon. 1 36' W. Lat. 52 50' N. Pop. 3,979. Burtonsville, p-v. Orange co. Va. Burtush, harbour on the N. E. coast of New Brunswick, 15 or 20 m. from the S. extremity. Burwa, district of Bengal, adjoining Palamow. Burwash, t. Eng. in Sussex, 49 m. fr. London. Bury, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 9 m. N. Manches- ter. Pop. 8,762. Bury, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, 70 or 80 m. S. E. Three-Rivers. Bury St. Edmunds, t. Eng. in Suffolk, on the Lark. This town is a borough, and returns two representatives to parliament. Here are the re- mains of an abbey, anciently one of the most weal- thy and magnificent in Britain. 43 m. S. S. W. Norwich, 72 N. N. E. London, Lon. 50' E. Lat. 52 20' N. Pop. 7,986. Burzetj t. France, in Ardeche, 15 m. N. Argen- tiere. Pop. 2,670. Busaco, a convent in Portugal, in Beira, 30 m. N. E. Coimbra, memorable for an action fought here on 27th Sept. 1810, between Massena and Lord Wellington. Busca, t. Sardinia, in Piedmont. Pop. 7,900. Bush river, Md. is formed by the confluence of several creeks at Harford, and runs into the Ches- apeake 10 miles below. Bush creek, Pa. runs into the Delaware in Wayne county. Bushkill, t. Northampton co. Pa. Pop. 1,262. Bush, r. Ireland, flows into the sea, 3 m. S. W. Bengore Head. Busheab, isl. in the Persian gulf. Lon. 53 4' E . Lat. 27 2' N. Bushire, Abuschthr, or Bender Boshavir, s-p, Persia, in Fars, on a peninsula in the Persian gulf. Provisions and fruits are cheap and excellent in Bushire ; but the water is bad. A considerable trade is carried on here. The exports are Persian commodities, such as carpets, wine of Shiraz, rose- water, drugs ; and the imports are Indian goods of different kinds, and English broad cloth. The English East India company have a factory at this place. 100 m. W. S. W. Shiraz. Lon. 50 43' E, Lat. 28 59' N. Pop. 5,000. Bushmen, or Bosjesmens. See Hottentots. Bush town. See Harford, Md. Bushwick, t. Kings co. Long-Island, N. Y. on East river, 3m. from New-York city. Pop. 930. Busir. See Abusir. Busk, t. Austrian Galicia, on the Bug, 25 m. E. N. E. Lemberg. Pop. 1,800. Buskirk's bridge, p-v. Washington co. N. Y. Busseto,t. Italy, in Parma, 8 m. S. Cremonu, Pop. 3,000. Bussiere-Badil, t. France, 10 m. N. Nontron. Bussierc-Poitevinej t. France, 10 m. N. N. W. Bellae, 136 CAB CAB Bustard bay, on the E. coast of New Holland. Lon. 208 18' W. Lat. 24 4' S. Bustard River, Lower Canada, runs into the St. Lawrence, 7 m. W. Manicougan-Point. Bustion, Cape, on the Persian gulf. Lon. 54 32' E. Lat. 26 36' N. Bustletown, t. Philadelphia co. Pa. 10 m. N. W. Philadelphia. Busto, Cape, Spain. Lon. 6 30' W. Lat. 43 37' N. Bute, isl. Scotland, at the mouth of the frith of Clyde, 15 miles long, and containing 29,000 acres. Rothesay is the only town on it. 18 m. W. Gree- nock. Pop. 5,824. Butt, co. Scotland, constituted exclusively of islands, lying near the mouth of the frith of Clyde, viz. Arran, Bute, Largs, Little Cumbray, and Inchmarnock. Pop. 12,033. Families 2,619, of whom 1,214 are employed in agriculture, and 530 in trade and manufactures. Butera, t. Sicily, 15 m. E. N. E. Alicata. Buti, t. Tuscany, 20 m. N. N. E. Leghorn. Butifaras, Cape, Minorca. Lon. 4 13' W. Lat. 39 48'N. Butler, co. Pa. on the W. side of Alleghany riv- er, bounded N. by Venango, E. by Armstrong, S. by Alleghany, W. by Beaver, N. W. by Mercer. Pop. 10,193; engaged in agriculture 3,038, in commerce 23, in manufactures 434. Chief t. Butler, Butler, p-t. and cap. Butler co. Pa. 40 m. N. Pittsburg. Pop. 697. Butler, co. Alabama. Pop. 1,405 ; sla\'es 569 ; engaged in agriculture 505, in commerce 1, in manufactures 7. Butler, co. Ken. Pop. 3,083 ; slaves 472 ; en- gaged in agriculture 374, in commerce 3, in man- ufactures 18. Butler, co. the S. W. part of Ohio, on Great Mi- ami river. Pop. 21 ,746; engaged in agriculture 3,961, in commerce 59, in manufactures 1,022. County t. Hamilton. Butler, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. Pop. 998. Another, Montgomery co. Ohio, on Miami river, 7 m. N. Dayton. Pop. 1,646. Another, Darke co. Pop. 323. Another, Montgomery co. Pop. 1,646. Butrinto, s-p. Eu. Turkey, in Albania, opposite the island of Corfu. Lat. 39 44' N. Butschowitz, t. Moravia, in Brunn. Pop. 1 ,800. Buttenheim, v. Bavaria, 6 m. E. S. E. Barn- berg. Butter island, Hancock co. Maine. Pop. 11. Butternuts, p-t. Otsego co. N. Y. 21 m. S. W. Cooperstown. Pop. 3,601. Butteru-orth, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 2 m. from Rochdale. Pop. 4,872. Butlevant, L Ireland, 21 m. N. Cork. Butthard, t. Bavaria, 6 m. S. S. W. Wurtz- burg. Button-Ness, cape, Scotland. Lon. 2 45' W, Lat. 56 28' N. Button's Islands, at the S. end of Hudson's straits. Lon. 65 10' W. Lat. 60 18' to 60 40' N. Buttool, district, Hind, in Oude, between 27 and 28 N. lat. Buttstadt, t. Saxe Weimar, 12 m. N. Weimar. Pop. 1,630. Bulzbach, t. Germany, 7 m. S. S. W. Giessen. Butzow, t. Germany, in Mecklenburg-Schwerin, 24 m. N. E. Schwerin. Lon. 11 55' E. Lat. 53 53' N. Buxar, t. and fort, Hind, in Bahar, on the S. bank of the Ganges, 70 m. below Benares. Lon. 83 58' E. Lat. 25 35' N. Buxheim, v. Bavaria, 3 m. from Memmingen. Buxtehude, t. Hanover, on the Este, 16 m. W. S. W. Hamburgh. Pop. 1,843. Buxton, t. Eng. in Derby, situated in a valley surrounded by hills, celebrated for its mineral wa- ters. These prove efficacious in several com- plaints, and the town is on that account much re- sorted to by invalids. 33 m. N. N. W. Derby, 159 N. N. W. London. Pop. 934. Buxton, p-t. York co. Maine, on Saco river, 8 m. N. W. Saco, 40 N. York. Pop. 2,590. Buzancois, t. France, in Indre, 14 m. N. W. Chateauroux. Pop. 3,199. Buszano, Cape, on the S. E. coast of Naples. Lon. 16 34' E. Lat. 37 57' N. Buzzard's bay, on the S. coast of Mass, sets up between Seakonet point on the W. and Kutta- hunk, one of the Elizabeth islands, on the E. It is 40 miles long by 7 wideband approaches within 3^ miles of Barnstable bay. A canal to connect them has long been in contemplation. See Mas- sachusetts bay. Byberry, t. Philadelphia co. Pa. Pop. 876. Byerly. See Bierly, North. Byjield, parish,Essexco. Mass, partly in Rowley, and partly in Newbury. Pop. in 1810,755. Here Dummer Academy, well endowed, and having a is good library ; also an academy in which young ladies are taught the higher branches of educa- tion. Bygonbarry, t. Bengal, on the W. side of the Brahmapootra. Lat. 24 46' N. Jjyian. See Bailan. Byram, r. runs into Long-Island sound, between Connecticut and New-York. Byram, t. Sussex co. N. J. Pop. 672. Byrd,t. Cape Girardeauco. Missouri. Byron, Cape, on the E. coast of New Holland. Lon. 153 30' E. Lat. 28 37' N. Byron's Island, in the Pacific. Lon. 173 16' E. Lat. 1 18' S. Byron's Strait, divides New Ireland from New Hanover. C. C AAMANA, CAPE, on the N.W. coast of Ameri- Cabanas, co. in the W. part of N. C. Pop. ca. Lon. 228 17' E. Lat. 55 29' N. 7,248 ; slaves 1,599 ; engaged in agriculture Cabarda. See Kabarda. 2,029, in commerce 7, in manufactures 11. Chief Cabarita, isl. off Jamaica. Lon. 76 40' W. Lat. t Concord. 18 24' N. CAB Cabec* de Vide, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 14 m. S. W. Portalgre. Pop. 1,600. Cabdlo, or Cavello, Porto, s-p. Caraccas, with an excellent harbour and bay. It is on a penin- sula, 80 m. W. Caraccas. Lon. 68 16' W. Lat. 1028'N. Pop. 7,500. Cabell, co. Va. Pop. 4,789 ; slaves 392 ; enga- ged in agriculture 1,090, in commerce 7, in manu- factures 180. Cabell courthouse, p-v. Cabell co. Va. Cabettsburg, t. Amherst co. Va. Cabenda,s-p. Africa, a little north of the Zaire, in Cacongo. Lon. 12 30' E. Lat. 5 40' S. Cabes, or Gabes, t. Tunis, at the bottom of the gulf of Cabes. Lon. 10 20' E. Lat. 34 N. Cabi, an independent country of Soudan, or Ni- grita, in Africa. Cabin-point,^. Surryco. Va. Cabo de Cruz, point on the S. side of Cuba. Lat. 1948'N. Cabo de St. Juan, the N. E. point of Porto Rico. Lat. 18 24' N. Cabo Rcxo, cape on the W. coast of Africa. Lat. 1220'N. Cabot, p-t. Caledonia co. Vt. 16 m. N. E. Mont- pelier. Pop. 1.032. It is on the height of land be- tween the Connecticut and Lake Champlain. Cabra, t.Spain, 25 m. S. E. Cordova. Pop. 6,000. Cabra, the port of Tombuctoo, Africa. Cabrea, one of the Balearic islands at the S. point of Majorca, a place of exile for criminals, with a fort and harbour. Lon. 3 E. Lat. 39 U 7' N. Cabrera, isl. off Sardinia. Lon. 9 27' E. Lat. 41 15' N. Cabreres,t. France, 13 m. E. N. E. Cahors. Cabreze, r. E. Africa, falls into the Manzora. Cabri, t. Persia, 40 m. S. W. Meschid. Cabron, Cape, St. Domingo. Lat. 19 23' N. Cabul, Caubul. or Cabulistan, sometimes called Afghanistan, a country of Asia, bounded N. by Independent Tartary, from which it is separated by the Hindoo Coosh and Parapomisan moun- tains ; E. by Hindostan, from which it is separa- ted by the Indus ; S. by Beloochistan : and W. by Persia. Besides the country included within these boundaries, the province of Balk in Tartary, Cashmere and/several other countries on the east of ' \ lie- Indus, and a part of Beloochistan are in a greater or less degree dependent on the king of Cabiil. In it- greatest extent the kingdom stretches from 24 to 37 N. lat. and from 60 to 77 E. Ion. and contains according to Hassel more than 800,000 square miles. The Hindoo Coosh and Parapom- is-an mountains run along the whole northern frontier. A branch of the Hindoo Coosh, called thf ridge of Solimaun, proceeds in a southerly di- rection and sinks gradually into the plains of Sinde, at the mouth of the Indus. These two , with branches striking off from them, traverse nearly the whole kingdom, except the near the southern and western frontiers i re occupied by vast plains and sandy des- f-rs. The climate exhibits the most striking va- in consequence of the abruptness with which the mountain ranges often rise from the d '!>. A i'r>w hours journey car- UIT from a place where snow never falls to another where it never melts. In some of the plains persons are often killed by the inten- sity of the hot wind, while regions of eternal ice are towering above. The soil is nearly as vari- ou? as the climate. In well watered plains of moderate elevation, as those of Peshawer and 18 C A C 137 Candahar, it is exceedingly fertile and produces two crops in the year. The loftier part of the mountain chains is of course condemned to perpet- ual ruggedness and sterility, while in the level districts of the south and west extensive deserts are produced by the absence of water. Agricul- ture is followed with assiduity. The grand process upon which its success depends is that of irriga- tion, which is practised in every part of the king- dom. Wheat and barley are the staple produc- tions. Fruits and vegetables of various kinds are also abundant. The population of the kingdom and its dependent territories, according to Elphin- stone, is 14,000,000, of which number 4,300,000 are Afghans, 1,400,000 Belooches, 1,200,000 Tar- tars, 1,500,000 Tadschiks and Parsees, and 5,700,000 Hindoos. The Afghans are the ruling people, and the khan of their principal tribe is the king of the whole country. The government, however, is by no means of that simple structure which is usual in Asiatic monarchies. Over the great towns, indeed, and the.country in their im- mediate vicinity, the authority of the sovereign is direct and almost supreme, but the rest of the na- tion is divided into tribes, each under its own khan, who is nearly independent. Alliances are formed and wars carried on by the different tribes between themselves, without any concern or inter- ference of the sovereign. This form of govern- ment keeps every part of the country in a state of continual tumult and ferment. The army of the king is estimated at 150,000 or 200,000 men. prin- cipally cavalry, but his ability to raise this num- ber depends on the co-operation of the different tribes. Cabul, a very ancient city, and cap. of Cabul. It was long considered as the gate of Hindostan towards Tartary. It is the residence of the Ab- dally or Doorany monarch, and the centre of a considerable commerce between Tartary and Kin- dostan. 176 m. N. E. Kandahar. Lon. 6835'W. Lat. 34 30' N. Pop. 200,000. Cabyna, isl. S. of Celebes. Lon. 121 53' E. Lat. 518'S. Cacabelos, t. Spain, in Leon, 40 m. N. W. Leon. Caccia, Cape, Sardinia. Lon. 8 19' E. Lat. 40 34' N. Cacciorna, t. Sardinian States, 8 m. N. Biella. Cacella, s-p. Portugal. Lon. 7 28' W. Caceras, t. Spanish Estremadura, 30 m. S. E. Alcantara. Lon. 5 50' W. Lat. 39 18' N. Pop. 8,000 Caceres, t. Mexico, 70 m. N. W. Vera Cruz. Cochan. See Coshan. CacJtao, Kacho, Kccho, or Backhink, city, and cap. of Tonquin, on the W. side of the Songkoi, about 80 m. from the sea. It is a place of great commercial resort. Gold, beautiful silks, and lackered ware are exported in large quantities. Both the English and Dutch had commercial es- tablishments here, which have long since been withdrawn. Lon. 105 15' E. Lat. 22 36' N. Pop. 40,000. Cachao, t. W. Africa, in Senegambia, on the coast, opposite the island of Bissao, on the river St. Do- mingo. Pop. 15,000, partly Portuguese and partly mestizoes and negroes. It belongs to the Portuguese. Cachar, country, Asia, between Bengal and Ava, bounded N. by Assam, and S. by Cassay. It was formerly independent, but since 1775 has been tributary to Birmah. Cache, t. Arkansas Territory, on White river, 138 CAD 50 m. W. of the mouth of St. Francis river. Pop. 178. Cackle-/, p-v. Bath co. Va. Cacongo, kingdom, W. Africa, bounded S. by the Zaire, which separates it from Congo, and N. by Loango. Malemba is the principal port. Cadalcn, t. France, 19 m. N. N. W. Castres. Cadenso, one of the Laceadh e islands. Cadereita, t. Mexico. Lon. 99 22' W. Lat. 20 24' N. Coder Idris, mt. Wales, in Merionethshire. Caderousse, t. France, in Var, 3m. W. Orange. Pop. 2,786. Cacliapatam, Point, Hind. 18 m. N. W. Cape Comorin. Cadillac,, t. France, on the Garonne, 18 m. S. W. Bourdeaux. Pop. 1,226. Cadiz, (an. Gaider and Gaides,) city, Spain, 45 m. N. W. Gibraltar, 60 S. W. Seville. It stands on the island of Leon, at the extremity of a long tongue of land, projecting in a N. W. direction. The town is walled and on three sides surroun- ded by the sea, whilst strong fortifications across the isthmus secure it from attack by land. The bay of Cadiz is a vast basin, inclosed between the continent and the projecting tongue of land, and is one of the finest bays in the world, being more than 30 miles in circumference, with excellent an- choring ground, while the neighbouring moun- tains protect it to a considerable extent from the winds. It is defended by four forts, and is the grand rendezvous of the Spanish navy. 'On an island in the bay there are twelve docks, and a grand arsenal with ample supplies of naval stores. The streets are narrow, but clean, well paved, and well lighted. The town and the country seats in its neighbourhood make a beautiful appearance from the harbor. The manufactures of Cadiz are insignificant, but the commerce is very extensive. It has long been the chief commercial town in Spain, and particularly the centre of trade with America and the West Indies. Large quantities of salt ure made in the neighbourhood for exportation. The population is estimated at 70,000 souls, many of whom are Irish, Italian, French, English, and Dutch. One of the great inconveniences in Cadiz is the want of good water. Lon. 6 17' 22'' W. Lat. 36 32' N. Cadiz, p-t. and cap. Harrison co. Ohio, 25 m. W. Steubenville, 125 E. Columbus. Pop. 537, of the township 2,472. Cadiz, Straits of, is that part of the Atlantic which has the coasts of Algarve and Andalusia on the N. those of Fez and Morocco on the S. and the straits of Gibraltar on the E. Cado, r. Arkansas territory, one of the branches of Little Red river. Cado, t. Clark co. Arkansas. Pop. 617. Cadore, t. Venetian Territory, in the district of Cadoriri. It stands near the Piave, and carries on a traffic in iron and timber 15 m. N. Belluno. Lon. 12 17' E. Lat. 46 25' N. Cadorin II Cadorino, a district in the Venetian territory, on the frontiers of Tyrol. Pop. 22,000. Cadours, t. France, 18 m. W. N. W. Toulouse. Cadron, or Quadrant, p-t. arid cap. Pulaski co. Arkansas, laid out on a high arid rocky spot on the N. side of the river Arkansas at the mouth of a small creek of the same name, 150 m. by land from the town of Arkansas. Here is a convenient !mr- bor for boats. Pop. 717. Cadsand, isl. in Flanders, formed by the pea, the Wester Scheldt, and other rivera and canals. C A F It is preserved from the encroachments of the sea by high dikes constructed at a vast expense. Ch to the Black sea. Lon.3512'4,-V'K. Lat. /If/ 1 6' JO'' \. Pop. 80,000. ( 'ajfria, or Kaffraria. territory, South Africa, extending along the coast in a N. E. direction from the Great Fish river which separates it from the colony of the Cape of Good Mooe, to the Key's river, which divides it from tlr- country of the Tarnhoukiei;. T!K. name, ho'.wvor, is sometimes applied to all that part of South Africa wh'Hi i 1 -' not included in th" colony of the Cape of Good C A H Hope ; the tribes which inhabit this country, so far as Europeans are acquainted with them, being mostly of Kaffer origin. The principal tribes known to Europeans in Caffraria taken in its largest sense, are the Rafters, Boshuanas, Dama- ras and Tambookies. The Kaffers, or inhabitants of Caffraria proper, differ in every respect from the bordering race of Hottentots. There is not perhaps in the world a finer race of men as to ex- ternal figure; they are tall, robust, muscular and handsome. Though black, or very nearly so, they have not a line of the African negro, either in their countenance or persons. They are more ad- dicted to agriculture than the Hottentots, but pas- turage is the favourite and general occupation. Their general habits are peaceable, but with the savage Bosjesmans they are frequently at war. They have had occasional contests w r ith the colo- nists, but the blame is said commonly to have been with the latter ; and when victors, they have nev- er been guilty of any cruelty. European mari- ners shipwrecked upon their coast have been treated with the greatest humanity. Caff re. Toura, v. on the *E. branch of the Nile, 7 m. S. W. Damietta. Cajiristan, or Kdlore, country of Asia, between 35 and 37 N. lat. and 69" and 73 E. Ion. bound- ed N. by Badakhshan, W. by Bulkh, S. by Af- ghanistan, and E. by Little Thibet. It is compo- sed of snowy mountains, deep pine forests, and small but fertile vallies. Cngayan Soloo, isl. in the Eastern seas. Lon. 118 26' E. Lat.7N. Cagli, t. in the States of the Church, 20m. S. Urbino. Pop. 2,000. Caglia, Cape. See Matapan Cape. Cagiiarij cap. of Sardinia, in the gulf of Cag- liari. It is the residence of the viceroy of Sar- dinia, and the seat of a royal audience, a chance- ry, an intendp.nt, an archbishop, and an universi- ty. The harbour is spacious and secure. The inhabitants carry on a considerable traffic in salt, oil, and wine. Lon. 9 5' 45" E. Lat. 39 13' 9'' N. Pop. about 30,000. Cagnano,L Corsica, 14 m. N. Bastia. Cagnano, t. Lombardy, 15 m. S. S. W. Brescia. Cagnes, t. France, in Var, 6 m. W. Nice. Caguan, t. New Grenada, on the Magdalena, 105 m. S. Santa Fe de Bogota. Lat. 2 40' N. Cagurria, t. Spain, in Navarre, 18 m. N. W. Calahorra. Cahabon, t. Mexico, 2.5 m. W. Vera Paz. Cahawbn, Kaluiwba, or Cuba, r. Alabama, after a southerly course, joins the Alabama, 160 m. be- low its forks the Coosa and Tallnpoosa; and 210 above its junction with the Tombigbee. Cahawba, co. Alabama, now Bibb. ('iilinii;ba, t. arid cap. Dallas co. Alabama, and -r-at of government of the state, on a high bluff at the junction of Cahawba river with the Alaba- ma, 77 m. N. E. St. Stephens. It was laid out in Here is a printing press from which a iif\v-],;ii,r;r is LMUecL C A I 13.9 , r. Illinois, runs into the Mississippi, 5 m. below St. Louis. Cahoieta, p-t. ami rap. St. Clair co. Illinois, on i, :', m. below St. Louis, 52 N. W. -ia. It contains about 100 dwelling-hou- ses, a court house, jail, and Roman Catholic chap- !. The inhabitants are mostly French. Cahnos falls, in Mohawk river, 3m. above its mouth. The river here is about 1000 feet wide ; the rock over which it pours, extends across the river obliquely from S. W. to N. E. and is 70 feet high. From the bridge f of a mile below, the falls are in full view. Cahors, t. France, cap. of the dep. of the Lot, on the Lot. In the adjoining country is raised the famous red wine, which is exported by Bourdeaux to England and Holland. 63 m. N. Toulouse, 100 E. Bourdeaux. Lon. 1 27' 17" E. Lat. 44 25' 59'' N. Pop. 10,136. Cajare, t. France, in Lot, 16 m. E. Cahors. Pop. 1,911. Cajazso, or Gajaszo, t. Naples, 25 m. N. E. Na- ples. Pop. 2,765. Caibar. See Khaibar. Caicos, cluster of islands between St. Domingo and the Bahamas. The largest called the Grand Caico, is due north from St. Domingo. Lat. 21 N. Pop. 950. Caifa, or Haifa, s-p. Palestine, 13 m. S. W. Acre. Lon. 35 10' E. Lat. 32 44' N. Cailack, Point, cape, Scotland, on the N. W. coast of the county of Ross, 7 m. E. Udrigil Head. Cailloma, t. Peru, near some rich silver mines, 46 m. N. N. E. Arequipa, 140 S. Cuzco. Cailly, t. France, 10 m. N. N. E. Rouen. Caimans, or Caymans,3 small islands, 55 leagues N. N. W. Jamaica. Great Cayman lies in Ion. 8133'W. lat. 19 15' N. Caimites, 3 islands near the W. coast of His- paniola. Ca-Ira, p-v. Cumberland co. Va. Cairngorm, mountain, Scotland, between the counties of Banff and Inverness ; celebrated for the crystals found on it, called cairngorms. 30 m. E. Fort Augustus. Cairo, or Kahirah, the metropolis of Egypt, and the centre of its commerce, stands near the east bank of the Nile, with which it is connected by a canal. Lon. 31 19' 43" E. Lat. 30 2' N. The streets are winding and narrow, and are not pa- ved. Contrary to the general custom of the east, the houses have two or three stories, over which is a terrace of stone or tiles. They have the air of prisons ; for they have no light from the street, and it is extremely dangerous to have many win- dows in such a country. The edifices on which architectural ornament have been chiefly bestow- ed_ are the mosques, of which the city contains 300, and the tombs of the mamelukes. The castle of Cairo is built on a hill to the south of the city; but this hill being commanded by one adjoining is of no value as a fortification. From the top of it however, there is a most delightful prospect of Cairo, the Pyramids, and all the sur- rounding country. The well in the castle, com- monly called Joseph's Well, is about 270 feet deep in the solid rock ; and there is a passage down by steps carried round the well. The commerce of Cairo is very extensive. Through it the various productions of Asia and the East Indies, and partly also those of Europe, are transmitted into the vast regions of interior Africa. The communication with the interior of Africa is chiefly maintained by three caravans, which go to Sennaar, to Darfur, and to Mourzouk. The returns are made in gold, ivory, senna, gums, hides, and above all in slaves. Specimens of al- most all the native tribes of the continent, are to be seen in the slave market at Cairo. The trade with Europe is carried on wholly by the channel of Alexandria. Pop. 300,000. Cairo, Old, city, Egypt, called anciently Fostat, on the Nile, about two miles S. of New or Great 140 C A L C A L Cairo. It is in a great measure inhabited by Copts, and is the residence of the patriarch of the Coptic church Cairo, t. Piedmont, in the dutchy of Montferrat, on the Bormida, 18m. S. Acqui. "Pop. 4,000. Cairo, formerly Canton, p-t. Greene co. N. Y. 10 ra. i\. W. Catskill. Pop. 2,353. Cairo, t. Alexander co. Illinois, at the junction of the Ohio with ths Mississippi, 80 m. S. Kaskas- kias. Cairo, or Craigfort, p-t. Sumner co. Ten. on Cumberland river, 30 in. above Nashville. Cairoan. See Kainrcin. Cairun. See Caroon. Caithness, county in the N. of Scotland, boun- ded N. by Pentland frith, E. by Murray frith and the German ocean ; S. and W. by the county of Sutherland. It contains 618 square miles. Pop. 23,419. Families 4,714, of which number 3,270 were engaged in agriculture, 838 in manufactures and trade. Caithness, Ord of, cape, on the E. coast of Scot- land. Lon. 3 13' W. Lat. 58 12' N. Cajeli, or Bouro, t. cap. of the island of Bouro, in a bay on the N. E. coast. Lon. 127 30' E. Lat. 3 22' S. Calaat el Acaba. See Accaba. Calaat Erroan, fort, Syria, 50 m. N. Aleppo. Calaat elMoilah, fort, Arabia Petraea, on the Red Sea. Lat. 28 10' N. Calabar, Old, territory, W. Africa, on Calabar river. Its principal place Duke Town, is in about 8E. Ion. 540'N.lat Calabar, JYew, river and town, about 80 m. W. Old Calabar. Calabozo, t. Venezuela, 156 m. S. Caraccas. Lat. 8 34' N. Pop. 4,800. Calabria, a province in the kingdom of Naples, separated from Sicily by the strait of Messina, and bounded N. E. by the gulf of Taranto, E. S. and W. by the Mediterranean. A branch of the Ap- penine? crosses the province, dividing it into Cala- bria Citra on the N. and Calabria Ultra on the S. Both divisions are extremely fertile, and pro- duce great quantities of fruit, oil, wine, grain, rice, hemp, cotton, flax, wood, saffron, and manna. Pop. about 760,000, of which number Calabria Citra contains 341,000, and Calabria Ultra 419,000. Calaginehra, isl. near Sardinia. Lon. 9 57' E. Lat. 40" 25' N. Calahorra, t. Spain, in Soria, near the Ebro, 62 m. N. W. Saragossa. Lon. 2 6' W. Lat. 42 16' N. Pop. 7,200. Calais, s-p. France, in Pas-de-Calais, opposite Dover. It is surrounded with a moat and wall, and defended by a very large citadel. It has an easy communication by means of a canal with St. Omer, Gravelines, Andre?, Bourbourg, and Dun- kirk. The harbor is not lar^e, and is too much obstructed with sand to admit large vessels or even common merchantmen, except at high water. The inhabitants derive their principal support from the intercourse with England. 20m. N. E. Boulogne, 25 S.W. Dunkirk. Lat. 50 57' N. Pop. 6,996. Calais, p-t. Washington co. Maine, on St. Croix river, just below the falls, 30 m. N. W. Eastport. The river is navigable to this place for sea vessels. The saw mills at the falls are among the most ex- tensive in the state ; the whole number of saws is about 30. A bridge is in contemplation to connect this town with St. Stephens on the British side of the river. Pop. 418. Calais, p-t. Washington co.Vt. 9 m. N. E, Mont- pelier. Pop. 1,111. Calalico, t. Lancaster co. Pa. Pop. 4,590. Calamata, (the ancient Theramene) t. Turkey, in the Morea, on the river Spinazza. Lon. 22 E. Lat. 73 10' N. Calamianes, a group of islands in the eastern seas. Lon. 120 20' E. Lat. 12 N. Calamon, anciently Calamos, t. on the coast of Syria, 10 m. S. Tripoli. Calanore, district, Hind, in Lahore, between 31 and 32 N. lat. Calanore, the capital, is 70 m. E. Lahore. Lon. 75 E. Lat. 31 51' N. Calatagirone, t. Sicily, 30 m. S. W. Catania, 37 N. W. Syracuse. Pop. 12,500. Calatayud, L Spain, in Arragon, on the Xalon. 37 m. S. W. Saragossa. Lon. l u 33' W. Lat. 41* 28' N. Pop. 9,000. Calatrava, t. Spain, in New Castile, on the Gua- diana, 12 m. N. E. Ciudad Real. Calaur Islands, in the Eastern seas. Lon. 121 r E. Lat. 6 50' S. Calayan, the most northerly of the Babuyanes islands. Lon. 121 3(X E. Lat. 19 28' N. Calbuco, t. Island of Chiloe, in Chili. Calcar, t. Prussian states, in the grand dutchy of the Lower Rhine, 6 m. S. E. Cleves. Calcasiu, r. Louisiana, empties into the gulf of Mexico, E. of the Sabine. Before entering the gu If it spreads out into a broad lake, and then con- tracts again into a narrow river. Calca y Lares, or Calca and Lares, province of Peru, bounded S. by Quispicanchi, E. by,Paucar- tambo, S. W. by Cuzco, W. by Abancay, N. and N. E. by the Andes. Pop. 10,000. It is watered by the Vilcomayo. Calchaguay, province, Chili, between the rivers Cachapool and Teno, and between the Andes and the sea St. Ferdinando is the capital. Calcinato, t. Austria, in Milan, on the Chiese, 10 m. E. Brescia. Pop. 3,000. Calcutta, city, Bengal, and capital of all the ^British possessions in Hindostan, stands on the E. bank of Bhagirutti or Hoogly river, about 100 miles from the sea. Opposite to the town there is good anchorage for ships of 500 tons burden, but larger vessels are obliged to stop at Diamond har- bor, about 50 miles down the river. Fort Wil- liam stands on the side of the Ganges, and com- mands the river. It is so extensive as to require in case of a siege a garrison of 10,000 or 15,000 men. Calcutta is inhabited by merchants of all coun- tries of the world, and by 500,000 natives. The hous- es belonging to the English, are well built of brick, and many of them more resemble the palaces of monarchs than the houses of merchants. The hab- itations of the natives are in general of one story, and built of earth. This city is the grand empo- rium of the east. Its commerce is very exten- sive in sugar, salt, opium, silks, muslins, calicoes, &c.; the value of which is nearly 10 millions per annum. It is the seat of the metropolitan, who, under the title of bishop of Calcutta, has the superin- tendance of all the ecclesiastical affairs of India. An institution called the Asiatic Society was es- tablished here by Sir William Jones, and a college founded at Fort William by the Marquis Welles- ley, in which are professors of English, Mahome- C A L tan and Hindoo laws, history, geography, natur- al history, &c. In 1816 a college was established by the Hindoos for the instruction of their sons in the English and Indian languages, and in the lit- erature and science of Europe and Asia. This institution was projected and is superintended and supported by the Hindoos themselves. More recently still, a Mission college has been estab- lished under the direction of the bishop of Cal- cutta, which has been generously endowed with 15,0001. by three religious charitable societies in Great Britain. One principal object of the mis- sion college is to prepare the natives, and others to become preachers, catechists, and schoolmas- ters. The Baptists and several other denomina- tions have missionaries in this city. The envi- rons of Calcutta are occupied by gardens and country houses, many of which are pleasantly situated. In 1802, the population was estimated at 500,000, and within a circuit of 20 miles, at 2,225,000. Lon. 88 28' E. Lat. 22 34' N. Caldas, t. Portugal, 10 m. E. Peniche. Caldas de Gerez y v. Portugal, 3 m. fr. Monta- legre. Caldas de Monbuy, i. Spain, in Catalonia, cele- brated for its hot mineral waters. 15 m. N. Bar- celona. Colder, r. Eng. runs into the A ire. Colder, Mid, v. Scotland, 12 m. W. Edinburgh. Caldera, s-p. Chili, 10 m. N. Copiapo. Calderola, t. States of the Church, 20 m. W. Fermo. Calderone, or Giadurognisjsa, 3 small islands in the Mediterranean, about 15m. S. Candia. Caldiero, v. Italy, 9 m. S. E. Verona. CaldweH, p-t. and cap Warren co. N. Y. on lake George, 62 m. N. Albany. Pop. 723. The old Fort George is in this township. Caldwell, t. Essex co. N. J. adjoining Newark on theN. W. Pop. 2,020. Caldwell, co. Ky. Pop. 9,022; slaves, 1,444; en- gaged in agriculture 2,225, in commerce 16, in manufactures 39. Caldv:eWs-bridge, p-v. Franklin co. Ten. Caledon, a missionary station of the London So- ciety, in the colony of the Cape of Good Hope, 150 m. E. Cape-town. Caledon Bay, New Holland. Lon. 136 35' E. Lat. 12 47' S. Caledonia, port, on the isthmus of Darien. Lon. 7736'W. Lat. 8 30' N. Caledonia, New, isl. S. Pacific ocean, 240 miles long. The inhabitants are cannibals. Lon. 163 37' to 167 14' E. Lat. 19 37' to 22 30' S. Caledonia, co. Vt. bounded N. by Essex co. E. by Connecticut river, S. by Orange co. W. by Washington and Orleans counties. Chief towns, Danville and Peacham. Pop. 16,669 ; engaged in agriculture 2,930, in commerce 53, in manufac- tures 387. It is watered by the Pasumpsic, Onion and Lamoil rivers. Caledonia, p-t. Genesee co. N. Y. on Genesee river, 31 m. W. Canandaigua, 17 N. E. Batavia, chiefly settled by emigrants from Scotland. Pop. 2,645. The Big Springs here, are a curiosity. They discharge water enough at all seasons to supply numerous mills. In this town gypsum is abundant. There is here a large mound cal- led Bone Hill, principally composed of human bones. I'inia, v. Washington co. Missouri. Caledonian canal, Scotland, extends from Loch o Loch Oich, and completes a navigable C A L 141 communication across the northern part of the country. Caledonian Sea, that part of the Atlantic ocean, which extends from the Hebrides and Scotland to Ireland. Calella, t. Spain, in Catalonia, on the coast. Pop. 2,400. Calemick, Big, and Little, 2 small rivers, which empty into Lake Michigan, at its southern bend. Calenberg, a principality in the southern part of the kingdom of Hanover. Hanover and Hamelti are the chief towns. Pop. 141,500. Calepio, t. Lombardy, 12. m. E. Bergamo. Coif-pasture, or North River, Va. runs into James river, at its passage through the Blue ridge. It is one third as large as the main stream. Calhoun, t. Tennessee, on the N. side of the Hiwassee, directly opposite the Cherokee Agency. Calhuco, t. on the coast of Chili. Lat. 42 40' S. Cali, or Santiago de Call, city, New Grenada, on the Cauca,87m. fr. Popayan,74 fr. the port of Buen- aventura. Lon. 76 23' W. Lat. 3 24' S. Calico, r. Turkey, runs into the gulf of Sale- niki. Calicut, district, Hind, on the Malabar coast. It was ceded to Great Britain in 1792. Calicut, the capital, is 95 m. S. W, Seringapatam. Lon. 75 50' E. Lat. 11 15' N. California, Old, a province of Mexico. It is a peninsula, extending from the bay of All-Saints in lat. 32 to cape St. Lucas in lat. 22 48' N. and bounded N. by New California, E. by the gulf of California, and W. by the Pacific. A ridge of mountains runs through the centre of the peninsu- la. The soil is generally barren. The Jesuits made the first establishments here in 1742. Since their expulsion, the Dominican monks of the city of Mexico have had charge of the missions. The country contains 55,000 square miles, but in 1803 only 9,000 inhabitants. The population has much diminished within the last 40 years, owing to the ravages of the small-pox. California, New, a province of Mexico, which extends from the isthmus of Old California, or the bay of Todos Santos, to Cape Mendocino, in N. lat. 40 19'. It is a narrow tract of country, 600 miles long and contains 16,000 square miles. The soil is as well watered and fertile, as that of Old California is arid and stony. The climate is more mild than in the same latitude on the eastern coast. Good wine is now made in most of the villages established by the Spaniards along the coast S. and N. of Monterey, to beyond 37 N. lat. The Eu- ropean olive is also successfully cultivated in sev- eral of the settlements. The country abounds in fish and game of every description : hares, rabbits and stags are very common ; seals and otters are also found in prodigious numbers. There are 18 missionary settlements, formed by the Spaniards on the coast, which, within a few years, have made great progress in population. Including the In- dians who were settled and had begun to cultivate the fields, the population in 1790 was 7,748, and in 1802, 15,562, of whom 1,300 were whites, mes- tizoes, and mulattoes. Calig, t. Spain, in Valencia. Pop. 2,385. Lon. 47' E. Lat. 40 28' N. Calimene, isl. in the Grecian archipelago. Lon 2644'E. Lat. 37 2' N. Calinacron, cape, in the Black sea, 20 m. E. Constantinople. Calingapatam, t. Hind, on the sea coast, 12m, 142 C A L E> N. E. Cicacole, 70 N. E. Seringapatam. Lou. 8415'E. Lat. 1825'N. Calipari, r. Naples, runs into the gulf of Squil- lace. Lou. 1650'E. Lat. 38: I J tf. Calitri, t. Naples, in Principato Ultra, 33 m. E. S. E. Benevento. Pop. 4,550. Calix, r. Sweden, runs into the gulf of Bothnia, 20 m. W. Tornea. Callabash Bay, on the S. coast of Jamaica. Lou. 7725'E. Lat IT 53 N. Callac, t. France, 15 in. S. W. Guingamp. Callagkan's, p-v. Bath co. Va. Callak. See GellaJi. Callak, el, t. Algiers. It contains an extensive manufactory of carpets and burneoses. 40 m. E. Oran. Callander, v. Scotland, in Perthshire, on the Teth, 51 m. W. Edinburgh. Calland's store, p-v. Pittsylvania co. Pa. Callao, s-p. Peru, on a low flat point of land, at the mouth of a small river of the same name. It is the port of Lima, from which city it is 2 leagues distant, and is one of the most safe and commodious on the coast of the Pacific ocean, and is defended by numerous batteries. It is the ren- dezvous of about 17,000 tons of shipping, employ- ed in commerce with the other provinces of South America, and with Europe. The houses are gen- erally built of slight materials on account of the frequent earthquakes, the most remarkable of which happened in 1746, when three-fourths of Lima was laid in ruins, and Callao was entirely demolished, only 200 of the inhabitants escaping the general destruction. Pop. about 5,000. Lon. 77 4' W. Lat. 122'S. Callao, or Campello, isl. 8 m. from the coast of Cochin-China. Lon. 108 30' E. Lat. 15 55' N. Callus, t. France, 5 m. N. E. Draguignam. Calle la, fort on the coast of Algiers, formerly the principal factory of the French African com- pany. 75 m. W. Tunis. Callenberg, v. Saxony, 48 m. W. S.W. Dresden. Callian, t. France, in Var, 56 m. N. E. Tou- louse. Pop. 1,823. Coition. See Gallian. Callianec, t. Hind. 65 m. W. Beeder. Lon. 77 33' E. Lat. 17 22' N. Galliano, t. Sardinia, in Montserrat. Pop. 2,340. Callianpour, t. Hind, on the sea coast, 36 m. N. by W. Mangalore. Lat. 13 18' N. Calliaqua, t. and harbor at the S. W. end of St. Vincent. Calligong, district of Bengal, between 24 and 25" X. lot and 88" and 89 E. Ion. Its chief town i- Doolabary. Cullinger, district of Allahabad, in Hind, be- tween 24 and 26 N. lat. bounded N. by the river Jumna, and W. by Chatterpore. In 1803, it was ceded by the Mahrattas to the British. Callinger, the capital is a strong and very celebrated fort. Lon. 80" 22' E. Lat. 24" .0!',' N. Callinglon, t. Eng. in Cornwall, 10 m. S. Laun- eestoo. Calliondrog, fort, Hind. 44 m. S. by E. Bellary. Lat. 1430'N. Calmuc. See Kalmuc. Calmar,t. Sweden, on Calmar sound, in the Bal- tic, 7 m. from the island of Oland, v, InHi liei di- rectly opposite. On the side next the harbour it is surrounded with double walls and ditch- outside the town, on the Sound, stands the castle of Calmar, which is deemed one of the strongr-t places in Sweden. The harbour is small, but se- A M cure. The commerce of the town . very considerable, but a great part of it has been transferred to Stockholm. Pop. 4,000. 150 m. N. E. Copenhagen, 1 90 S. S. W. Stockholm. Lon. Iti" 26' E. Lat. 56 40' 30" N'. Calmina, large t. Dahomy, in Africa. Pop. 15,000. Calnc, t. Eng. in Wiltshire, 19 in. E. Bath. Pop, 3,457. Cain, East, Chester co. Pa. Pop. 1,162. Cain, West, adjoining it. Pop. 1,182. Caloiera, or Calogera, isl. in the Archipelago, 15 m. S. Andros. Calo Limno, isl. in the Propontis, anciently called Resbicus. Lon. 28" 31' E. Lat. 40" 21' N. Caloude, t. Hind, in Dowlatabad. Lon. 75" 28' E. Lat. 18 42' N. Calowz, district, Hind, about 32 N. lat. boun- ded N. by Kaugrah, E. by Besseer, S. by Nalni, and W. by the Punjab. Its capital is Bellaspore. Calpe, t. Spain, on the coast of Valencia. Lat. 38 37' N. Calpenteen, fort and large native village, on the W. coast of Ceylon, 90 m. N. Colombo, 100 S. Jaffna. It is a station of the Church Missionary Society. Lon. 79 50' E. Lat. 8 20' N. Calpy, t. Hind, in Agra, on the Jumna. It is a place of considerable trade, and the entrepot for the transportation of cotton from the western and southern provinces into the British territories. Lon. 79 48' E. Lat. 26 10' N. Caltura, v. and fort on the W. coast of Ceylon, 28 m. S. Colombo. The Wesleyan Methodists have schools here in which more than 500 chil- dren receive instruction. Calvados, rocks on the N. coast of Normandy. Lat. 49 22' N. Calvados, a department of France, bounded E. by Eure, S. by Orne, W. by La Manche, and N. by the English channel. Sq. miles 2,233. Pop. 505,500. Culver, t. Eng. Derby co. 10m. from Chester- field. Calverleigh, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 4 m. N. E. Bradford. Calvert, co. Md. on the W. shore of the Cha?- apeake, bounded N. by Anne-Arundel co. S. W. by St. Mary's co. W. by Prince George co. Pop. 8,073 ; slaves 3,668 ; engaged in agriculture 3,219, in commerce 71, in manufactures 165. Chief town, Prince Frederick. Caii-i, fortified t. Corsica, 38 m. W. S. W. Bas- tia. Pop. 1,162. Calm, t. Naples, 7 m. N. Capua. Calrisanoi t*. Italy, 12m. S. S. E. Brescia. Calriston, t. France, in Gard, 9 m. S.W. Nismcs. Pop. 2,400. Calvlzzano, large v. near Naples. Pop. 2,207. Column, r. Africa, falls into the Atlantic about 60 m. N. Sierra Loon*:. Calumazee, r. Michigan, runs into Lake Michi- gan, N. of Black river. Calumet, t. Pike co. Missouri. Ciilrurdc, t. Germany, in Brunswick, 21 in. N. W.MftgdeUog. Caluso, t. Piedmont, 5 m. \. Chivalso. Cultr, or Calbe, t. WirU-mbf-r^. It; in. W. S. W. ..,.8"50'E. L,-it. 4f!" 47' N. Pop. 3,356. Call/mere, the S. point of the Carnatic. Lon. 79 55' E. Lat 10 23' N. Calzada, t Spain, in Old Castile, 40 m. W. Cal- ahorra. Cam, r. Eng. is formed by the union of the C A M Tlhee and the Granta near Cambridge, and falls into the Ouse amony narrow Sounds, in other= by broad Bays. The passages or inlets through it are shallow and rous, and Ocracoke inlet is the only one north of Cape Fear, through which vessels pass. In the counties on the sea coast, the land is low, and covered with extensive swamps and marshes, and for 60 or 80 miles from the shore is a dead CAR 155 level. Beyond this, the country swells into hills, and in the most western part rises into mountains. Among the productions are pitch pine, cotton, to- bacco, wheat, rye, barley, oats, hemp, and Indian corn. Coal has lately been found in Chatham county, and lead ore a few miles N. of Raleigh. The principal rivers, beginning in the east, are the Chowan, Roanoke, Pamlico, Neuse, Cape Fear, Yadkin, Catabaw, and Broad. Most of the pro- duce of North Carolina is exported from the neighbouring states. Not a single point has yet been found on the coast, within the limits of the State, at which a safe and commodious port could be established. Hitherto the productions of the northern parts of the State, lying on the Roanoke and its branches, and also on the upper parts of the Tar and Neuse, have been sent to the markets of Virginia ; and the trade of Broad river, the Ca- tabaw, and the Yadkin has gone to South Caro- lina. The principal exports are pitch, tar, tur- pentine, lumber, rice, cotton, tobacco, wheat and Indian corn. The value of the exports from the ports of North Carolina in 1820, was only. $808,319, The value of the manufactures in 18 10 was estimated at $'6,653,152. Since the year 1815, the state has been zealous- ly engaged in the business of internal improve- ments. It is intended to improve the navigation of the inlets and sounds, so as to open a direct and easy communication with th& ocean ; to remove the obstructions in the navigation of the principal rivers ; to connect the rivers by navigable canals ; to improve the roads ; and to drain the marshes and swamps of the eastern and southern counties. In the prosecution of these plans, skilful engineers have been employed for several years in making the necessary surveys, and several private compa- nies have been formed under the patronage of the state. In 1819, the legislature appropriated for the purpose of internal improvements, the pro- ceeds of the sale of all the Cherokee lands, which have lately come into possession of the state. Th population in 1790, was 393,751 ; in 1800, 478,103 ; in 1810, 555,500 ; in 1820, 638,829, of whom 205,017 were slaves, and 14,612 free blacks. Engaged in agriculture 174,196, in commerce 2,551, in manufactures 11,844. The slaves are principally confined to the low country. The western parts of the state are settled by Scotch- Irish emigrants. Almost all the country between the Catabaw and the Yadkin is thus peopled. The Moravians, in 1751, purchased a tract of 100,000 acres, lying between the head waters of the Yadkin and the Dan, and it now contains a number of flourishing villages. Within a few years, there has been much zeal displayed in the establishment of academies and schools. Previous to 1804, there were but 2 academies in the state. The number at present is 50, and is rapidly in- creasing ; and there is a flourishing university at Chapel Hill, called the University of North Car- olina. The Methodists and Baptists are the pre- vailing denominations of Christians, especially in the low country. The Scotch-Irish are Presbyte- rians, and there are also in the western parts of the state a few settlements of GermanLuth erans and German Calvinists. The legislative power is vested in a general assembly, consisting of a sen- ate and house of commons. The senators are chosen annually, one from each county. The members of the house of commons are chosen annually, two from each county, and one from each of the six principal towns. The executive 156 CAR CAR power is vested in a governor, and a council of 7 persons, all of whom are chosen annually by a joint ballot of the two houses. Raleigh is the seat of government. Carolina, (South?) one of the U. S. bounded IV. and N. E. by North Carolina ; S. E. by the At- lantic ; and S. W. by Georgia, from -which it is separated by Savannah river. It extends from lat. 32 to 3 8' N. and from Ion. 78 24' to 83 30" W. containing; 24,000 square miles. Pop. in 1790, 239,073; in 1800,345,591 ; in 1810,415,110, and UHO, whites 243,244; slaves 251,783; free blacks 6,714 : total 502,741 ; engaged in agricul- ture 16 1,560, in commerce 2,588, in manufactures 5,488. The sea coast is bordered with a fine chain of islands, between which and the shore there is a very convenient navigation. The mam la. id is nat'uvliy 'divided into the Lower and Upper country. The low country extends 80 or 100 miles from the coast, and is covered with extensive forest? of pitch pine called pine barrens, inter- spersed with swamps and marshes of a rich soil. After leaving the low country in proceeding into the interior, you first pass through a region of little sand hills, resembling the waves of the ocean in a high sea. This curious country, sometimes called the middle country, continues for 50 or 60 miles, till you arrive at the Ridge, which markable tract, of high ground < from the sea, but level as you advance from the N. W. Beyond this ridge, commences a fine healthy country of hills and dales, terminating in the western extremity of the state, in lofty moun- tains. The banks of the iar~e rivers and the creeks in the low country, are bordered with a belt of excellent land, producing cotton and maize in abundance : the marshes and swamps in this district make fine rice plantations ; ami some of the low grounds between (he sand hills in the middle district, are suitable for agriculture and pasturage : but with these exceptions the whole country below the Ridge has a sandy barren soil, not worth cultivation. The soil of the upper country is generally strong and productive. Cotton and rice are the staple productions of the state. The climate and soil are well adapted to tobacco, grain, and indigo, and these were for- merly cultivated to a great extent ; but since the invention of the machine to cleanse upland cotton from its seeds, the cultivation of cotton has be- come so profitable, that almost every thing else is neglected. The climate of the Upper country is healthy at all reason? of the year. In the low country, i.ner months are sickly, particularly Au- gust and September and at this season the climate frequently proves fatal to strangers. The princi- pal river* beginning in the N. E. are the Pedee, Santee, Cooper, Ashley, Edisto, Combahee, and Savannah. There is a canal, 22 miles long, con- necting Santee and Cooper rivers, by which the produce of a large section of tlii^ htate, and of the western part of N. Carolina, is brought to the city of Charleston. South Carolina college, at Columbia, h;. liberally patronized by the ?tate. Colleges have been also incorporated in Abbeville district, in Beaufort and in Winnsborough, but they have not taken a higher rank than academies. Free are established throughout the .state, and t ; of $30,000 annually, has been appropriated by the legislature, far their support The most nume- rous religious denominations are Methodists and Ha; .ti-ts. Next to them are the Presby1<-riau> and Episcopalians. The legislature consists of a senate and house of representatives. The is chosen every four years, and the representatives every two years, by districts. The governor is chosen every two years by a joint ballot of both houses. In 1820, South Carolina was the third State in the Union, in the value of her exports. The amount was $8,882,940, and consisted almost wholly of domestic produce. The staple of the State is cotton. The other articles are rice, lum- ber, pitch, tar, turpentine, &c. A large part of this produce is exported in ships, belonging to the merchants of the northern States. Charleston is the largest town in the State, and the centre of its commerce. Columbia is the sea'; of governmont. Caroline, p-t. Tioga co. N. Y. 12 m. N. E. Spen- cer. Pop. 1,608. Caroline, co. Md. on the eastern shore, bounded N. W. by Queen Anne co. E. by 'Delaware, S. by Dorchester co. and W. by Talbot. Pop. 10,108 ; slaves 1,574 ; engaged in agriculture 2,057, in commerce 97, in manufactures 272. Chief t. Denton. Caroline, co. Va. on the S. side of the Kappa - hannock. Pop. 18,008; slaves 10,999; engaged in agriculture -i,-j^l. ^n commerce 31, in manufac- tures 286. Chief town, Bowlinggreen. Caroline. Islands, or New Philippines, in the Pa r ofic, consist of several groups lying east of the Feiev/ islands, and stretching from 138 to ]' K, Ion. and from 7 40' to 1 1 N. lat. They ar ed by the Spaniards, and are inhabited by a mild and friendly people. Caromata, isl off the W. coast of Borneo. Caromb,i. France, 18m. N. E. Avignon. Carondolet, or Vide poclie, v. St. Louis co. Mis- souri. on the Mississippi, opposite Caholcia, 6 m. below St. Louis. It is a French settlement of about 60 houses. Carom, large r. S. America, falls into the Orino- co on the S. side, 72 leagues from its mouth, after a course of more than 400 miles. Caroon Beled, or Belel, an extensive mass of ru- ins, situated upon the lake of the same name, and which appear to be the remains of the celebrated building called the Labyrinth of Egypt. Caroon, Birket el, (an. Moeris) a considerable lake in Faioum, in Egypt, about 50 miles long and 10 broad. Caroor, t. Hind, in Coimbetoor, on the Amar- wati, 42 m. W. Trichinopoly. Carom, city, Venezuela. The inhabitants are chiefly engaged in rearing oxen, mules, horses, sheep, goats, c. 45 m.E. lake Maracaibo,270 W. Caraccas. Lat. 9 50' N. Carougc,i. France, 12 m. N. W. Alencon. Carouge, Point, the N. extremity of St Do- , t. Naples, in Terra d'Otranto ; 3 m. E. Ostuni. Pop. 2,819. Carp River, runs into the S. side of Lake Superior, 30m. W. of the La Train. Cnrpmi'tlu, t. Italy, 10 m. N. Bassano. Ctirjmt/ufrri Mountains, an extensive chain of mountain*, which reaches from the borders of Saxony to the Black sea, separating Moravia from Silesia ; Transylvania and Hungary from the Bu- kowine and Galicia ; and Walachia from Moldavia. >ln-t ( ,f ita summits are covered with perpetual snow. CAR Carpenedolo, t. Austrian Italy, on the Serio- lo-Chiese, 15 m. S. S. E Brescia. Pop. 4,000. Carpentaria, Gulf of, on the N. coast of New- Hcl kind. It stretches in breadth 5 30' of longitude from Endeavour Strait to Cape Wilberforce, and 7 of latitude in depth. Lon. 130 50' E. Lat. 10 20' S. Carpenter's Point, p-v. Orange co. N. Y. Carpentras, t. France, on th'i Anson, in Vaucluse, 12 m. N, E. Avignon, 38 N. W. Aix. Lon. 5 3' E. Lat. 44 3- N. Pop. 9,000. Carpi, t. Italy, in Modena, 24 m. S. Mantua. Carpi, t. Venetian Territory, on the Adige, 5 m. S. Legnauo. Carpio, t. Spain, 22 m. E. Cordova. Pop. 4,000. Cam*, r. Ireland, runs into Dingle bay. Carraca, La, s-p. Spain, 6 m. E. Cadiz. Carraniasca Lagoon, a large gulf on the S. side of the bay oi Honduras. Lon. 83 W . Lat. 15 32' N. Carrantasca Shoals extend from it 40 miles. Lon. 83 W. Lat.l6N. Carrara, t. Italy, in the dutchy of Massa, long celebrated for its quarries of beautiful marble, which is of different colours, and adapted to dif- ferent uses, some kinds being employed in build- ing, and others in statuary ; 5 m. N. W. Massa, 22 N.W. Lucca. Lon. 10 4' E. Lat. 44 3' N. Pop. 3,443. Carribmn Sea. See Caribean Sea. Carrick on Shannon, t. and cap. of Leitrim co. Ireland, 36 m. S. Ballyshannon. Carrick on Suir, L Ireland, in Tipperary. Pop. about 11,000 ; 12 m. N. W. Waterford, 70 N. W. Dublin. Lon. 7 8' W. Lat. 52 23' N. Carrickfergus, s-p. Ireland, in Antrim, on Bel- fast lough, or Carrickfergus bay. It was once the principal seaport in the north of Ireland, but its trade has been transferred to Belfast. Pop. 3,400. 8 m. fr. Belfast, 86 fr. Dublin. Lon. 6 2' W. Lat. 54 43 X. Carrion, r. Spain, which rises in Asturias among the Cantabrian mountains and runs into the Pisu- erga below Palencia. Carrion de los Condes, t. Spain, in Leon ; 40 m. W. Burgos. Pop. 2,800. ! Carrog, r. Wales, falls into the sea 4 m. S. S. W. Caernarv n. Carrolton, p-v. Green co. Illinois. Carrm.. v. ^'<.' : u!d, in Stirling, on Carron riv- er, which fall'- -nto tl-e Forth Iron works, now among the m< c in Great Britain, were erected here in 17GO. There are about twenty , and the whole works employ more than 2000 persons. All kinds of iron goods are manu- factured at Carron : heavy ordnance, cylinders, steam-engines, pumps, boilers, flies, wheels, and , toother with other ponderous apparatus war, or the arts ; 2 m. N. VV. Falkirk, 26 N. W. Edinburgh. ( '(/rrtjir<:r.. t. Savoy, 3 m. fr. Geneva. Kork, on the N. shore of the frith of Forth, t mouth. Corn/, t. Piedmont, on the Tanaro, 4 m. S. Bene. Pop. 4.0<)0. >n.g. or Portngr. River, Ohio, runs into the S. W. end of Lake Erie, 15 m. from Sandusky. f'-irt, r. Scotland, falls into the Clyde, 3 m. N. CAR 157 Carfago, city, capital of Costa-Rica, in Guati- mal;i, about JO leagues from the Atlantic, mid about 17 from the Pacific. Lon. 83 30' W. Lat. 942 / S. Cartago, city of Popayan, near the river Cauca. 75 m. N. E. Popayan. Lat. 4 46' N. Pop. 5 or 6,000. Cartama, r. S. America, in Antioquia, runs into the Cauca. Carter, co. Tennessee, bounded N. by Sullivan co. E. by N. Carolina, S. W. by Washington co. Pop. 4,835; slaves 345 ; engaged in agriculture 980. Chief town, Elizabethtown. Carter's bay, on the N. W. coast of America. Lat. 52 58' N. Carteret, maritime co. N.C. on Core and Pamlico Sounds. Pop. 5,609; slaves 1,329 ; engaged in ag- riculture 664, in commerce 275, in manufactures 167. Chief town, Beaufort. Carteret'' s Harbor, on the S. W. coast of New- Holland. Lon. 152 19' E. Lat. 5 S. Carterefs Island, in the S. Pacific. Lon. 154 14' E. Lat. 8 26' S. Carter's Store, p-v. Halifax co. Va. Cartersville, p-v. Cumberland co. Va. 48 m. from Richmond. Carthage. The remains of this great city, the ancient emporium of northern Africa and empress of the sea, are situated on a promontory 12 miles E. N. E. of Tunis, but can now scarcely be distin- guished by a superficial observer. The harbor has been filled by the action of the winds and a change in the bed of the river which fell into it. There are no remains of the ancient walls, arches or pillars. The cisterns, however, still remain al- most entire, and are on a magnificent scale. The great aqueduct which brought the water from a distance of 50 miles, may be traced through the whole of its course. Carthage, p-v. Jefferson co. N. Y. Carthage, v. in Brighton, Ontario co. N. Y. at. the lower falls of the Genesee, 5 m. from Lake Ontario, and about 30 N. W. Canandaigua. Car- thage bridge, erected across the Genesee, lately fell. It consisted of a single arch of 352 feet chord, resting on abutments of solid rock, which rise to the height of 150 feet. Carthage, p-v. Moore co. N. C. Carthage, p-t. and cap. Smith co. Ten. on the N. side of Cumberland river, opposite the mouth of Caney fork, 50 m. E. N. E. Nashville. Carthage, v. Hamilton co.Ohio, 6 m. N. Cincin- nati. Carthage, t. Athens co. Ohio. Pop. 312. Carthagena, or Carlagena, s-p. Spain, on the coast of Murcia. It was founded by the Cartha- genian general Asdrubal. It is protected by a fort, and possesses the best harbor in the Mediterranean. It consists of a natural basin of great depth, reach- ing close to the town, and secured from every wind by the surrounding hills and by an island near the entrance. The town lies on a peninsula in this basin, has good spring water, and a large and well stored arsenal. A manufactory of sail-cloth is carried on by the inhabitants. Pop. 25,000. Lon. 1 0' 21" W. Lat. 37 35' 50" N. Carthagena, a province of S. America, in New Grenada, bounded N. by the Caribbean sea, S. by Antioquia, E. by Santa Martha, from which it is- divided by the great river Magdalena, W. by Da- rien. It contains about 60,000 whites, 13,000 In- dians, and 7,000 negro slaves. Carthagena, city, S. America, in New Grenada, on a sandy island, artificially connected at the west end with the main land. The harbor is spacious, defended from every wind, with a sufficient depth of water, and good anchorage, but the entrance is 158 CAS very narrow. The climate is excessively hot and unhealthy, but the advantageous situation of the town has, notwithstanding, made it w place of ex- tensive trade. Its wealth and importance has caused it to be frequently pillaged by the English and French, and during the contest which is now carrying on between Spain and her colonies, it has frequently been taken and retaken by the contend- ing parties. Lon. 77 50' W. Lat. 10 30' N. Pop. 24,000. Carthagena, r. S. America, enters the Pacific at the cape of Corrientes. Carthkenny, r. Wales, runs into the Tave, 7 m. W. S. W. Caerrnarthen. Cartwel, t. Eng. 16 m. from Lancaster. Carrer, p-t. Plymouth co. Mass. 8 m. E. Plym- outh, 50 S. E. Boston. Pop. 839. Here is a pond containing iron ore. The iron is of a superior quality, and 500 tons have been obtained in a year. Carvers rircr, Missouri Territory, which runs into the St. Peters on the N. side about 40 m. above the junction of the latter with the Missis- Cancar, s-p. Hind. 45 m. E. Goa. Lat. 14 47' N. Gary, r. Ireland, runs into the sea near Bally- castle. Casabar. See Durgut. Casac, a country of Persia, in Armenia, nom- inally subject to Persia, but ruled by its own prin- ces. Casada. See Casdaga. Casa Grande, t. Mexico, in Sonora, on the Rio Gila. Lon. 113 23' E. Lat. 33 40' N. Casale, or Casal, t. Piedmont, cap. of the dutchy of Montserrat, on the Po, near the site of the ancient Sedula. 35 m. S. W. Milan, 37 N. E. Turin. Lon. 8 19' E. Lat. 45 12 7 N. Pop. 15,000. Casale, t. of the Austrian, states, in the Paduan, 6 m. S. W. Montagnana. Casale Jtfaggiore, t. Lombardy, on the Po, 20 m. E. S, E. Cremona. Pop. 5,624. Casale Morano, t. Italy, 12 m. N. W. Cremona. Casal Nuovo, t. Naples, in Terra d'Otranto ; one in Capitanata, 11 m. N. Lucera ; one in Lombar- dy, 5 m. W. Cremona ; one in the grand dutchy of Tuscany ; 0113 in Naples, pop. 3,510. 15 N. Po- licastro ; one in Naples, 15m. N. Tursi. Casale-Pusterlengo, t. Lombardy, 10 m. S. E. Lodi. Casal vieri, t. Naples, in Terra di Lavora. Pop. 3,636. Casalegio, v. Italy, in Parma, dutchy of Placeu- cia, 6 m. S. W. Piacenza. Casan. See Kasaii. Casanara, r. Venezuela, falls into the Meta, about 75 leagues above its junction with the Ori- noco. By means of this river, and of the river Meta, the inhabitants of Santa Fe can carry their produce into Guiana. Casarrubios, t. Spain, 25 m. S. W. Madrid. Casbin, city of Persia, in Irak, on a great sandy plain. It is one of the most extensive cities in Persia The manufactures and trade of Casbin are considerable, this city being open to Georgia, Azerbijan, Ghilan, and the Caspian sea. 240 m. N. N. W. Ispahan. Lon. 49 33' E. Lat. 36 12 7 N. Pop. 60,000. Casbuona, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, 5 m. W. Strongoli. CAS Cascades, Isle de, in the St. Lawrence, at its en- trance into Lake St. Louis. Cascaes, s-p. Portugal, on the N. side of the Ta- gus, at its mouth. 15 m. W. Lisbon. Lat. 38 44' N. Cape Cascaes is 2 m. S. W. Caschau or Cassoria, cap. of Upper Hungary, 100m. S.Cracow, 105 N E. Buda. Pop. 7,900. Lon. 20 40' E. Lat. 49 40' N. Cascina, t. Piedmont, 10 m. S. W. Alexandria. Casco bay, isl. N. Brunswick, in Passama- quoddy bay. Casco bay, Maine, a beautiful bay, the entrance of which is between Cape Elizabeth on the S. W. and Cape Small Point on the N. E. and is 40 miles wide. It receives Fore river, Presumpscut and several other rivers, and indents the shore with numerous arms, among which is the harbor of Portland. Over the bay are spread more than 300 small islands, some of which are inhabited and nearly all cultivated ; the largest is Long Island 24 miles in length. The channels between the islands are navigable and afford fine anchorage for vessels, particularly the sound formed by Long Island. Casdaga, small lake, Chatauque co. N. Y. about 8 m. from Dunkirk on Lake Erie. It is connected by a river of the same name, 40 miles long, with the Conewango. The river is navigable through- out its course for boats of 20 tons. Caserta, or Cascerta Nova, t. Naples, in Terra di Lavora, noted for its magnificent palace. 15 m. E. Capua, 13 N. E. Naples. Casey, co. Ken. Pop. 4,349; slaves 456 ; engaged in agriculture 1,033, in commerce 18, in manu- factures 46. Chief town, Elizabeth. Cashan, or Kashan, city, Persia, in Irak, one of the most flourishing in the empire. Coloured and flowered silks, the latter of exquisite beauty, are manufactured here ; also carpets and cotton cloth, utensils of copper, gold, and silver. Pop. estima- ted at 30,000. 106 m. N. Ispahan. Lon. 51 17' E. Lat. 33 55' N. Cash-dap settlement, p-v. Johnson co. Illinois. Co-shell, city, Ireland, in Tipperary, an archie- piscopal see, about 3m. from the river Suir, 31 N. W. Waterford. Pop. about 3,000. Cashgar. See Kashgar. Cashie, r. N. C. runs into Albemarle sound, near the mouth of the Roanoke. Cashmere, a province of Hind, belonging to the Afghans ; it is*about 90 miles long, and nearly of an oval form, situated chiefly between 34 and 35 N. lat. and between 73 and 76 E. Ion. It is a fertile valley, surrounded on all sides by moun- tains, which prevent communication except through seven passes. The mode of transporting goods through these passes, is on men's shoulders, the roads being impracticable either for horses, bul- locks, or mules. There are guards posted at each of these passes, who examine all stranger* ; and no one is allowed to quit the country without a passport. Innumerable rivulets descend on all sides from the mountains, and after spreading ver- dure and fertility over every part of the val- ley, fall into the river Jhelum, which breaks through the mountains. From its elevated situation the climate of Cashmere is delight- ful, and the fruits and flowers of both zones are found in the greatest abundance. This beautiful, valley was for a long time the favorite retreat of the emperors of Hindostan during the hot months of the year, and the oriental poets vie with each CAS t>ther in celebrating its praises. The principal source of wealth of Cashmere is its delicate and unrivalled manufacture of shawls ; the wool or hair of which the shawl is made, is produced by a goat found only in Thibet, from whence the Cash- mere merchants are supplied with the wool. During the late revolutions in the Afghan govern- ment the governor of Cashmere revolted, and continues to maintain his independence. Its prin- . cipal towns are Serinaghur and Islamabad. Cashmere, called also Serinaghur, the capital of the above province, is in Ion. 73 43' E. Lat. 34 20 N. on the Jhelum, over which there are five wooden bridges. Many of the houses are three stories high, and are principally built of wood. There are no public buildings of any consequence in the city, but in the environs there are the re- mains of several handsome palaces built by the em- perors of Hindostan. Cash river, N. VV. Territory, runs into Lake Su- perior, 3 m. E. Dead river. It is 30 yards wide at its mouth. Cash river, Illinois, runs into the Ohio, 15 m. be- low Wilkinsonville. Cashy, district, Hind, tributary to Nepaul, be- tween 28 and 29 N. lat. and about 83 E. Ion. Casiar. See Ccesarea. Casikli, t on the W. coast of Natolia. Lat. 37 22' N. Casimir,or Casmy, (an. Eleutherus,*) r. Syria, falls into the sea, 4 m. N. Suir. Casimirsburg, a fortified place of Pomerania, on the Baltic, 13 m. E. N. E. Colberg. Casiiw, r. Naples, runs into the sea, 2 m. N. W. Cape Stilo. Caso, isl. in the Mediterranean, 6 m. S. Scar- panto. Caspe, t. Spain, in Arragon, on the Ebro, 44 m. S. E. Sarragossa. Pop. 8,200. Caspian Sea, an inland sea of Asia, bounded N. by Russia, E. by Tartary, S. by Persia. It is 646 miles long, from N. to S. and 265 in extreme breadth. The water is as salt as that of the ocean, and has a bitter taste. Numerous rivers run into the Caspian, and among them the Volga, the lar- gest river in Europe, yet the lake has no visible outlet. The navigation of this sea is dangerous, owing to the numerous shallows. There are ma- ny ports, but few of which are safe and commodi- ous for shipping. Stuigeon, salmon, and other fish are caught in great quantities, sfind a number of small vessels leave Astracan every season, for the seal fishery on the Caspian. Caspian, or Beautiful, lake, in Greensborough, Vt. It is a head- water of the Lamoil. Cassagne, t. France, in Aveyron, 14 m. S. Rlio'lez. Pop. 1,432. Cassandra, Gulf of, on the coast of Eu. Turkey, in the north-west part of the archipelago, east of th sr'ilf of Saloniki. Lon. 23 50' E. Lat. 40 N. uidraNova, t. Eu. Turkey, 15 m. S. E. Sa- loniki. 'no, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, 119 m. Naples. Pop. 4,000 ; one in Principato >, 12 m. VV. Conza. Pop. 2,106. Cattano sull Adda, t. Lombardy, 16 m. N. E. MiUUL .'/, called also Meckley, or Muggalow, a ce of the Birman empire, lying between 23 N. lat. and between 9;T' and 96 E. Ion. W. by Bengal, S. and E. by Ava. It u governed by a rajah, who is tribu- C A S 159 tary to the Birman monarchs ; and its inhabitants are Hindoos, many of them brahmins. The coun- try islnountainous and very poor. Ccusebury Ghaut^ a mountainous pass, Hind. 25 m. N. Chandor. Cassel, t. Germany, cap. of the electorate of Hesse, (called from it Hesse Cassel.) It is on the Fulda. The great school, called Collegium Caro- linum, was founded here in 1709. The trade of this place is not of great importance, but there are some manufactories of china, earthen ware, and woollen stuffs. 50 m. S. E. Paderborn, 84 N. E. Coblentz. Lon. 9 35' 18" E. Lat. 51 19' 20'' N. Pop. 19,000. Cassel, or Montcassel, t. France, in the dep. of the North, 15 m. S. E. Dunkirk, 158 N. Paris. Lon. 2 29' 24 /r E. Lat. 50 47' 54" N. Pop. 3,601. Cassel, t. Germany, in the grand dutchy of Hesse, on the right bank of the Rhine, opposite Mentz, with which it has communication by a bridge of boats. Cassette, t. Piedmont, 6 m. N. Turin. Pop. 9,500. CasseWs store, p-v. Amelia co. Va. Casseneuil, t. France, in Lot and Garonne, 6 m. W.N..W. Villeneuve d'Agen. Pop. 1,045. Cassina, or Cashna, an extensive kingdom of Central Africa, situated W. of Bornou,and exten- ding S. to the Niger. Like most other states in this part of Africa, it is now tributary to Bornou, The commerce of Cassina with Northern Africa is maintained by a caravan from Fezzan. The exports consist of gold dust, slaves, cotton cloths, and goat skins dyed red and yellow. T^he imports are woollen stuffs, carpets, hardware, arms, knives, scissors, beads, mirrors, and toys. Cassina, the capital, is a city of great extent, but little is known respecting it. Cassina, or Red Cedar Lake, N. America, one of the sources of the Mississippi river. It is about 8 miles long and 6 broad, and discharges itself by a winding stream 50 miles long into Lake Winni- pec. The waters of the Cassina are pure and transparent, and are supplied with pike, carp, trout, and catfish. It has an island covered with red cedar trees. Its shores are lined with the elm maple and pine, interspersed with fields of Indian rice, reeds and rushes, and here and there a gravel- ly beach. On the N. W. side it receives two streams, the Turtle and La Beesh. Cassine, v. Piedmont, 6 m. N. Acqui. Pop. 3,414. Cassiquiari, r. a branch of the Rio Negro, in S. America, which communicates with the Orinoco. Cassis, s-p. France, 8m. S. E. Marseilles. Pop, 2,030. Cassius, Mount, or Jebel Ocrab, mt. Syria, near Antioch, 2 m. S. of the river Orontes. Cassay, the Hindoo name of Benares. Castagnedolo, t. Lombardy, 6 m. S. 3. E. Bre- scia. Castamena, or Kastamuni, t. A. Turkey, in Na- tolia, which has many manufactures, particularly of copper and of silk. Lon. 34 18' E. Lat. 40 42" N. Castanet, t. France, 6 m. S. S. E. Toulouse. Castanheira, t. Portugal, 18 m. N. E. Lisbon ; one 24 m. E. S. E. Coimbra ; one in Beira, 7m. E. Aveiro. Caslano, t. Lombardy, 18 m. W. N. W. Milan. Castanowitz, or Koslanitza, t. and fort, Aus- trian empire, in Croatia. Lon. 17 0' E. Lat. 45 30' N. 160 CAS Castel Baldo, t. Venetian territory, 30 m. S. S. W. Padua. Pop. 3,000. Castel Dur ante, or Urbanea, t. of the Pofedom, 7 m. S. W. Urbino. Castel-Gondolfo, t. States of the Church, in Campagnadi Roma, 12m. E. of Rome. Castel Jaloux, t. France, in Lot and Garonne. Pop. 1,757. Casttl Leone, t. Lombardy, 15 m. W, N. W. Cremona. Pop. 4,190. Castel a Mare di Stabia, s-p. Naples, in princi- pato Citra, 15 S. E. Naples. Castel Nuovo, fortified t. Austrian empire, in Dalmatia, in the gulf of Cattaro, 10 m. W. of Cat- taro. Lat. 42 40' N. Castel JVworo, t. Piedmont, 17 m. N. W. Asti. Castel Nuovo, t. Italy, in Modena, 9 m. N. N. W. Reggie. Castel Rodrigo, fortified t. Portugal, in Beira, 10 m. N. W. Pinnel. Cnstel Sardo, s-p Sardinia, 22 m. N. E. Sassari. Cantel-Sarrazin, t. France, on the Garonne, 10 m. \V. Montauban, 30 W. N. W. Toulouse. Pop. 5,000. Castd Selino, t. Island of Candia, 21 m. S. W. Canea. Castel Vetere, (an. Caw/ma,) t Naples, in Cala- bria Ultra, 12 m. N. Gierace. Pop. 4,500. Caslelaun, t. Prussian states, in Lower Rhine, 22 in. S. S. W. Coblentz. Castelbranco, fortified t. Portugal, in Beira, on the Leira, 7 m, S. E. Coimbra. Castellamonte, t. Piedmont, 7 m. S. S. W. Ivrea. Castellane, t. France, 36 m. W. Nice. Castellazo, t. Piedmont, 7 m, S. Alessandria. Pop. 4,745. Castello di Birona, (an. Stippo^) t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 6 m. W. Monte Leone. Castello Citao di, (an. Tifernwn Tiberinwn,') t. States of the Church,, on the Tiber, cap. of a coun- ty, 100 m. N. Rome. Castello Rosso, isl. in the Mediterranean, half a mile from the coast of Caramania. Lon. 20" 37' E. Castello de Vide, t. and frontier castle of Portu- gal, 9 m. E. N. E. Portalegre. Castellan de la Plana, t. Spain, 28 m. S. Valen- cia. Pop. 11,000. Castettuccio, t. Naples, 39 m. N. W. Bisignano. Castelmoron, t. France, on the Lot, 9 m. W. Vil- leneuve d'Agen. Castelmoron, t. France, 27 m. S. E. Bourdeaux. Caslelmoroux, t. France, 8 m. E. Toulouse. Castelnau de Bonnifou, t. France, in Tarn. 3 m. W.Alby. Pop. 1,158. Castelnau de Bragsac, t. France, 9 m. E. Castres. Castelnau de Magnuac, t. France, in Upper Py- renees, 25 m. N. E. Uagneres. Pop. 1,066. Castelnau de Montniirail, t. France, in Tarn, 6 m. N. W.Gaillac. Pop. 2,452. Castelnau de Montratier, t. France, in Lot, 15 m. N. Montauban. Pop. 4,000. Castelnau de Slrefortd, t. France, in Upper Ga- ronne, 11 m. N. W. Toulouse. Pop. 1,436. Castelnaudery, t. France, in Aude, 33 m. S. E. Toulouse. Pop. 8,100. Castelnuovo Tortonense, or di Scriria, t. Milan, on the Scrivia, 10 m. N. Tortona. Pop. 5,414. Castighulc., t. Piedmont, 1 1 m. S. W. Savigliano. Castiglione, t. Tuscany, on a lake near th It is famed for its manufacture of salt. 12 m. S. Alaska. Lat. 42" 52* N. One, Italy, 18 m. N. Lucca ; one, Sardinian states, 20 m. E. Genoa ; CAS one, Naples, in Principato Citra, 5 m. N. E. Saler- no ; one. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra, 6 m. E. S. E. Civita Borella. Castiglione delle Stirierc, t. Lombardy, in Man lua. It is surrounded with walls. 20 m. N. W. tua. Caxtignola, or Castigliola, t, Piedmont, 8 m. W, N. W. b.ni. Castile, 0/rf,an extensive province of Spain, in- closed between Arragon, New Castile, Estrema- dura, Leon, Asturias, Biscay and Navarre. Its form is that of an irregular triangle, whose ex- treme length is 60 leagues, and its breadth about 50. Burgos is the chief town. The wealth ot Old Cagtile consists in its pasturage, which lords thousands of sheep, cows, and other cattle. The merinoes after wintering in the plains, find in the mountains of this province a rich supply of food for the summer months. The commerce consists in the transport of wool, and this takes place chief- ly by Burgos. Pop. 1,200,000. Castile, New, a province of Spain, bounded N. W. and N. by Old Castile, N. E. by Am by Valencia, S. E. by Murcia, and S. by An-vilu- sia. The principal towns are, Madrid ; Toledo, the provincial capital ; Cuenca, the seat of a bish- op, Cuidad Real, Seguenza, and Talavera de la Reyna. The residence of the court during the last three centuries has had a very evident effect on the improvement of Madrid, but very little on the province at large. The soil is naturally fer- tile, but the cultivation of it is neglected, and the mineral treasures of the mountains remain unex- plored. The manufactures are woollen stuffs, silks, satin, and velvet, hats, soap, earthen ware, and cutlery. Pop. 1,200,000. Castile, p-t. Genesee co. N. Y. Caitillon, t. France, in Gironde, 25 m. E. Bour- deaux. Castillon deMedoc, t. France, on the Garonne, 34 na. N. by W. Bourdeaux. Castillones, t. France, 5 m. E. Lauzun. Casting, s-p. and cap. Hancock co. Maine, 122 m. E. N. E. Portland. Lon. 68 46' W. Lat. 44 24' N. Pop. 975. It is situated on a promonto- ry nearly at the head of the cast side of Penobscot bay. The harbor is excellent for any number of ships of the largest size, has bold water, and is ac- cessible at all seasons of the year. Castine has great strength from its natural situation. From the narrowness of the isthmus which connects it with the main, it could be insulated without much labour or expense ; and this mode of defence, in addition to strong batteries, would enable it to re- sist any force which would probably be brought against it. An enemy in possession of Castine has command of all the intermediate country from the Penobscot to the St. Croix. This place was taken by the British during {.he late war, but was re- stored on the return of peace. Castle Acre, t. Eng. in Norfolk ; 5 m. fr. Swass- ham, 95 fr. London. Castle Douglas, v. Scotland, in Kirkcudbright; 9 m. N. Wigton. Castle Dermont, t. Ireland, in Kildare, 34 m. J> W. Dublin. Castle Donnington. See Donnington Castle. Castle, t. En:;, in K-ex, 7 m. fr. Braintree. Castle Rising, t. and borough, Eng. in Norfolk 5 m. N. I-]. Lynn. Castlebar, t. Ireland, in Mayo; 35 m. N. Gal way. Castlecomer, t. Ireland. 10 m. N. Kilkonm- CAS Castleford, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 4 m. fr. Ponte- CatOehaven, t. on the S. coast of Ireland, 19 m. S. W. Bandonbridge. Casllelon, t. Eng. in Lancaster. Pop. 6,723. 1 m. S. Rochdale. Castleton, p-t. Rutland co. Vt. 38 m. W. Wind- sor. Pop. 1,541. The Vermont Medical Institu- tion was established here a few years ago. It has since been incorporated and in 1820 was connected with Middlebury College. It has 5 Professors. The term of study is three years. A building is erected for the accommodation of the students, the number of whom in 1822 was 76. Degrees are conferred by the President of Middlebury col- lege. Castleton, p-t. Richmond co. on Staten island, N. Y. 9 m. S. W. New-York. Pop. 1,527. Here are the Marine Hospital, which can accommodate 2 or 300 sick; and the Quarantine and Health Establishments of the city of New- York. Castlelon, p-t. Rensselaer co. N. Y. Castletown, or Castle Rushin, (an. Sodd) t. Isle of Man, Eng. Lon. 4 40' W. Lat. 54 5' N . Casthtoicn, v. Scotland, 18 m. S. S. W. Jedburgh. Castor, t. Madison co. Missouri. Castor's River, Newfoundland, falls into St. John's harbor. Castoria, r. Turkey, empties into a lake in Macedonia, after which it is called Vistritsa. Castravan Mountains, a branch from Mount Lebanon, in Syria, 20 m. S. Tripoli. Castres, t. France, at the conflux of the Agout and Thouret, 35 m. E. Toulouse. Lon. 2 19' E. Lat. 43 36' N. Pop. 12,400. Castri, t. Eu. Turkey, inLivadia, on the S. W. side of Mount Parnassus, and the site of the an- cient Delphi. Castricum, V.Netherlands, 6m. S. S. W. Alk- maer. Castries, Bay of, on the E. coast of Chinese Tar- tary, in the channel orgulfof Tartary, which sep- arates that part of the continent from the island of Saghalien. Lat. 51 29' N. Castro, a dutchy of Italy, in the States of the Church, lying between St. Peter's Patrimony, the Mediterranean, Tuscany, the Orvietano, and the river Marta. Castro, the capital, is near the river Ospada, 10 miles from the sea ; 55 m. N. W. Rome. Lon. 1 1 35' E. Lat. 42 33* N. Castro, t. Naples, on the gulf of Venice, 8 m. S. E. Otranto. Castro, (an. Mylelene) s-p. Island of Metelin, 30 m. S. W. Adramiti. Lon. 26 28' E. Lat. 39 N. Castro, chief t. Lemnos. Pop. 800 families. Castro Geriz, t. and county, Spain, 20 m. W. Burgos. Castro Giovanni, t. Sicily, 40 m. W. Catania. Lon. 14 50' E. Lat. 37 30' N. Pop. 12,000. Caslro-Marim, s-p. Portugal, on the Guadiana, 12m. E.N. E. Tavira. Castro Nuovo, t. Sicily, 20m. S. E. Palermo. Caslrop, t. Prussian states, 27 m. S. S. W. Mun- Caslropoli t. Spain, 14m. E. Mondonedo. Castro Vireyna, province, Peru, bounded N. vV. by Cunete, N. by Yauyoo, N. E. by Angiraes, ;rrumga-and-Huanta; W. by VilcasHua- uKiti ; .S. W. by Lucanas and lea. Castro Virey- na, the capital, is 60 m. fr. Lima. Lon. 74" 44' W. | jjlt . 1349'S. C'ffstna. t. Istria, 30 m. S. E. Trieste. CAT 161 Caswell,co. in the N. part of N. C. Pop. 13,253; slaves 5,417 ; engaged in agriculture 3,541, in commerce 54, in manufactures 481. Chief t. Leesburg. At the Court-House is a post-office. Cat Island, one of the Bahamas, the first land discovered by Columbus, who called it St. Salva- dor. Lon. 75" W. Lat. 24 30' N. Catabamba, t. Peru, and cap. of a province of the same name, 90 m. S. W. Cusco. Catabaiv river. See Calawba. Catabuhu, r. S. America, falls into the Rio Ne- gro. Cataco, co. Alabama. Pop. 5,263 ; Slaves 858 ; engaged in agriculture 1,155, in commerce 3, in manufactures 37. Catafioula, co. Louisiana. Pop. 2,287. Slaves 751 ; engaged in agriculture 716, in commerce 24, in manufactures 157. Calahoula,r. Louisiana, which joins the Wachi- ta on the W. opposite the mouth of the Tensaw. Before entering the Wachita, it expands into a lake and again contracts to a river. Catahoula, p-t. Rapide co. Louisiana. Pop. in 1810,1,164. Catahunk island. See Buzsard's-Bay. Calalina harbour, on the E. coast of Newfound- land. Lat. 48 38' N. Catalonia, province in the N. E. part of Spain, bounded N. by the Pyrenees which separate it from France, E. by the Mediterranean, S. by Va- lencia, and W. by Arragon. It far surpasses eve- ry province in Spain in manufactures, commerce, agriculture and industry. Vines are cultivated, on a very large scale. The other products are ol- ives, silk, hemp and flax. A great trade is carried on with the American colonies, Italy, the South of France, England, Holland, and the North o4 Europe. The Catalans manufacture woollens, silks and cottons, hats, leather, gunpowder, and hardware. Catamaiu, r. Quito, falls into the Pacific, in about 4 45' S. lat. Near its mouth, it is called Amotape. Catamandoo, city, Hind. cap. of Nepaul, in lat. 27 33' N. Ion. 85 39' E. on the Bhagmutty river, in one of the most romantic vallies in the world. It is well supplied with every convenience of life, and is said to contain 50,000 persons. The hous- es are built of brick, of two, three, and four sto- ries, but, in general, have but a mean appear- ance. Catamarca, S. Fernando de, city, S. America, in Tucuman. Lat. 27 S. Calanduanes, one of the Philippine islands, E. of Luzon. Lon. 124 30' E. Lat. 15 N. Catania, a famous city of Sicily, in the Val De- mona, beautifully situated on the E. coast of the island, at the foot of Mount Etna. Although de- stroyed three times by the lava of the volcano, it has always risen more splendidly from its ashas. The harbor is one of the largest in the island, and the trade of the town considerable, particular- ly in silks. 35 m. N. Syracuse. Lat. 37 30' N. Pop. about 50,000. Catanzaro, t. Naples, cap. of Calabria Ultra. Pop. computed at 10,900. 9 m. N. E. Squillacc, 10 S. W. Belcastro. Lon. 15 54' E. Lat. 38 58' N. Cataract River, N. America, falls into the Co- lumbia, about 200 miles from its mouth. Cataraugus,co. the S. W. part of N. Y. bound- ed N. by Niagara and Genesee counties, E. bv 162 CAT C A U Alleghany co. S. by Pennsylvania, and W. by Cha- tauque. Pop. 4,090 ; engaged in commerce 6, in manufactures 107. Cataraugut, creek, N. Y. a rapid stream which runs into Lake Erie 25 miles S. of Buffalo. It is about 37 miles long, is bordered by a fertile soil and affords numerous mill seats. Cataraugus reservation, lies on the N. E. side of the above creek and commencing 4 miles from its mouth. It extends 10 miles along the river and is 4 wide containing about 37,000 acres. The num- ber of Indians is about 700, among whom a mis- sion is established by the United Foreign Mission Society. Galas .-lllas, v. Brazil, about 200 miles N. E. Rio Janeiro Cataicesse, p-t. Columbia co. Pa. on the E. branch of the Susquehannah, 20 m. N. E. Sunbury. Pop. 2,5-20. CatftwbtL, r. which rises in N. Carolina and flowing into S. Carolina, is robbed of its name by an inconsiderable river called Waterce which joins it 30 m. above Camden. Cateau Cambrcsis, fortified t. France, 15 m. S. E. Cambray. Lon. 3 32' 56" E. Lat. 50 6' 15'' N. Pop. 4,000. Cathanse, r. Maine, runs into Merry-meeting- bay, in Lincoln co. Catharine, p-t. Tioga co. N. Y. 18 m. W. Spencer. Pop. 2,478. Catftem, Catema, Kadhema, Gran, or Koueit, s-p. Arabia, in Lachsa. Lon. 48 U 10' E. Lat. 29 13' N. Cat iff, el, t. Arabia, in Lachsa, near the Persian gulf, 132 m. S. Bassora, 420 S. Ispahan. Lon. 47 16' E. Catingoor, t. Hind. 50 m. E. S. E. Hyderabad. Catistobole, r. W. Florida, runs into the gulf of Mexico. Lon. 85 16' VV. Cathnburg, t. Hanover, 16m. S. S. E. Einbeck. Catlettsburg, p-v. Greenup co. Ken. Cfttmandu. See Catamaudoo. CH.IO, p-t. Cayuga co. N Y. on Seneca river, 24 m. N. Auburn. Pop. 4,021. Caton, t. Eng. 4 m. N. Lancaster. Catra/i, t. Hind, in Benares, 25 m. S. W. Mir- zapore. Catrint, v. Scotland, 14 m. N. W. Ayr. Catscreek mills, p-v. Washington co. Ohio. Catskill, r. N T . Y. runs S. E. and joins the Hud- son at Catskill. Its mouth makes a good harbor for sloops. Catskill, p-t. and cap. Greene co. N. Y. on the Hudson, at the entrance of the Catskill. The vil- lage is built principally on a single street parallel to this creek, and contains the county buildings, 2 banks, an academy for females and 3 churches, viz. one for Presbyterians, one for Baptists and one for Episcopalians. It i? a place of considera- ble trade. 33 m. below Albany, 5 below Hudson. Pop. 3,510, of whom 1,443 are in the village. Catskill mountains, N. Y. a range of mountains which proceeds from the Highlands in a northerly direction through the counties of Ulster and Greene. They are the highest land in the State. Round top the highest summit, according to the measurement of Capt. Partridge is 3,804 feet above the level of the sea, and High Peak, the next high- est, 3,718 feet. Callaro, t. Austrian empire, at the bottom of the gulf of Cattaro, on the E. side of the Adriatic. It is defended by a castle and strong battlements, and is inclosed with high rocks. 28 m. W. N. W. Scutari, 30 S. S. E. Ragusa. Lon. 18 58' E. Lat. 42 22* N. Catteau, t. France, in dep. of North. Pop. 4,960. Lon. 3 41' E. Lat. 50 6' 15'' N. Caltegat, a large channel, between Jutland on the W. the islands of Funen and Zealand on the S. and the coast of Sweden on the E. It commu- nicates with the Baltic by the Sound and the two Belts. Catlorich, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 22 m. fr. Bo- roughbridge. Cattoun, an English settlement on the W. coaat of Sumatra. Lon. 101 45' E. Lat. 3 20' S. Cattwyck, two villages of the Netherlands, in Holland : one on the sea shore, 6 m. N. W. Ley- den, called Cattwyck op See ; the other near it on the Old Rhine, called Cattwyck op Rhyn. Calsenelnbogen, Old,L in the dutchy of Nassau. 28 m. VV. N. W. Mentz. Lon. 7 57' E. Lat. 50 13' N. Cava, La, t. Naples, 25 m. E. Naples. Cauachis, t. Quito, on the Amazon, 90 m. N. E. St. Joachim de Omaguas. Cavade, lake, Tyrol, 12 m. W. N, W. Trent. Cavado, r. Portugal, falls into the Atlantic, be- low Braga. Cavaglia, v. Piedmont, 16 m. W. Vercelli. Cavaillon, (an. Cabellio,*) t. France, on the Du- rance, in Vaucluse, 12 S. E. Avignon. Pop. 7,000. Cavaillon, t. St. Domingo, 5 leagues W. by S. St. Louis. Cavala, or La Cavale, s-p. Eu. Turkey, on the Archipelago. Lon. 24 48' E. Lat. 40 43' N. Cai-aleri, isl. Eu. Turkey, in the Archipelago. Lon. 24 10' E. Lat. 38 7'N. Cavalier Maggiore, large v. Piedmont, 19m. S. Turin. Caraliere, Cape, on the coast of Caramania. Cacal/cy, islands near the coast of New Zealand. Lon. 185 42' E. Lat. 35 3' N. Cavan, co. Ireland, bounded N. by Fermanagh, E. by Monaghan, S. by Longford, Meath, and Westmeath, and W. by Leitrim. Pop. in 1801. 90,000. Cavan, t. Ireland, cap. of Cavan co. 54 m. N. W. Dublin. Caiiaa, t. Peru, in Cusco, 100 m. S. W. Cusco. Cacarsere, t. Venetian territory, on the Adige, 16 m. N. N. E. Rovigo. Cavazajts, t. Cuba, 120 m. E. Havannah. Car/6/' t. Germany, in the dutchy of Nassau, ou the Rhine, 20 m. S. Coblentz. Lon. 7 40' E. Lat. 53 50' 3" N. Ctjubul. See Cabul Ctkca, t. Spain, in Old Castile, 18 m. N. Se- govia. Cauca, r. S. America, rises near Popayan, and after a northerly course of about 500 miles be- tween the great western and middle ridges of the Andes, falls into the Rio Magdalcna in lat. 9N. Caucasus, a vast chain of mountains in Asia, which commence near the mouth of the Kuban on the Black sea ; and running S. traverses Mingre- lia and Georgia, and afterwards turning east, runs along the W. shores of the Caspian sea, and through the Persian provinces Daghestan and Shir van. Thence it pursues an easterly course under other names, till it joins the immense range known by the name of Hindoo Koosh. Part of this chain is covered with perpetual snow. Caucasus, Government of, a province of Russia, bounded N. by Saratov, Ekaterinoslav, and the C A X ountry of the Don Cossacks ; E. by the Caspian sea, and the river Ural ; S. by the Persian and Turkish dominions, and the territories of inde- pendent tribes ; and W. by the sea of Azoph and province of Taurida. The inhabitants consist of numerous tribes, some of them scarcely admitting the supremacy of Russia. It consists of two prov- inces, Caucasus and Astracan. Cauchnmili, Turkish isl. in the Mediterranean. Lon. 26 24' E. Lat. 36 30' N. Caudar, r. Spain, runs into the Xucar, above Cuenca. Caudebec, t. France, on the Seine, 18 m. W. Rouen ; one on the Seine, in Eure. Caudecosle, t. France, 7 m. S. E. Agen. Caudele, t. Spain, in Valencia, a league from Villena. Pop. 6,000. Candies, t. France, 27 m. W. N. W. Perpignan. Carendish, p-t. Windsor co. Vt. 10 m. S. W. Windsor. Pop. 1,551. Caversundrum, t. Hind. 23 m. W. N. W. Gaudi- cotta. Caverypatam, t Hind, in the. Mysore, 103 m. E. Seringa patam. Caveryporum, t. Hind. 85 m. S. E. Seringapa- tam. Caveshill, p-v. Orange co. Va. Caugmahry, t. and district, Bengal, Lat. 24 15' N. Lon. 89 48' E. Caughnawaga, p-v. Montgomery co. N. Y. Cav-iana, isl. in the mouth of the Amazon, about 120 miles in circumference. Caviana, t. Brazil, 25 m. S. W. Para. Caulabagh, t. Afghanistan, on the Indus. In the vicinity are large rocks of pure salt. Lon. 70 46' E. Lat 32 11 'N. Caumont, t. France, 20 m. S. W. Caen. Caumont, t. France, on the Durance, 8 m. E. by S. Avignon. Caune, La, t. France, 21 m. E. N. E. Castres. Cannes, Les, t. France, 25 m. W. Narbonne. Caunglass, Point, on the \V. coast of Ireland. Lat. 5 1 58' N. Caumrahead, cape, on the W. coast of Ireland. Lat. 52 8' N. Caror, t. Piedmont, 8 m. S. byE. Pignerol. Cnuquenes, r. Chili, falls into the Maule. Caussade, t. France, 35 m. N. Toulouse. Caulen, r. Chili, falls into the Pacific, in lat. 39 20' S. Caulereis, v. France, 25 m. S. W. Tarbes. Cauvery, r. Hind, in Tanjore, passes through the Mysore, and falls into the sea by several mouths, after a course of nearly 400 miles. Caumpore, t. Hind, in Allahabad, on the Gan- ges, in Ion. 80 21' E. lat. 26 30' N. on the high road between Culpeeand Lucknow. The British military cantonments are in its vicinity, and con- tain good barracks for three regiments of cavalry, ' iif battalion of artillery, two European regi- ments, and six battallions of native infantry. 50 m. S. Lucknow. Cawood, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, on the Ouse, 12 m. S.W.York. Cawthorne, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 4 m. from Barnsloy. Caxamarca, city, Peru, and cap. of a province of the same name. Lat. 6 54' S. Pop. 2,000. Caramarquilla, city, Peru, and cap. of a prov- ince of the same name, lies S. E. of Caxamarca, in lat. 7 36* S. The population of the province is 8,000. Cazalambo, city, Peru, and cap. of a province of G A Z 163 the same name, lies 160 m. N. of Lima, in lat. 10 27' S. Caxton, t. Eng. 10 m. from Cambridge. Caya, r. Spain, in Estremadura, falls into the Guadiana near Badajos ; another in Catalonia, runs into the Mediterranean near Tamarit. Cayagan Sooloo Isles, a cluster of islands in the Eastern seas, lying off the N. E. coast of Borneo. Lon. 11850'E. Lat. 7 N. Cayahoga. See Cayuga, and Cuycthoga. Cayambe, or Cayambe Urcu, one of the loftiest summits of the Andes, in the E. chain of the Cor- dilleras. 60 m. N. W. Quito. It is 20,000 feet above the level of the sea. Cayenne, isl. in French Guiana, 18m. long and 10 broad, separated from the main land by the riv- er Cayenne. The soil is fertile. Lat. 5 N. Lon, 53 15' W. Cayenne, cap. of French Guiana ; is on the N. point of the island of Cayenne, at the mouth of a river of the same name. It has a large and con- venient port defended by a castle. Lon. 52 16' W. Lat. 5 N. Pop. about 1,500. Cayenne, r. French Guiana, falls into the Atlan- tic, in lat. 4 55 ; N. Cayes, Les, s-p. St. Domingo, 13 leagues W. by S. St. Louis. Lat. 18 12' N. Cayeux, t. on the N. coast of France, 6 m. W. St. Valery. Caymans. See Caimans. Caymiles. See Caimites. Cayne, r. Wales, falls into the Severn, 4 m. W. New town. Cayo, t. Wales, in Caermarthen co. 6 m. from Llan-dovery. Cayster, r. Natolia, falls into the sea near Eph- esus. Cayte, r. Brazil, falls into the sea, in lat. 50' S. Ion. 46 40' W. Cayuga, co. (N. Y.) E. of Cayuga lake ; bound- ed N. by Lake Ontario and Oswego co. ; E. by Oswego, Onondaga and Courtland cos. ; S. by Tompkins co and W. by Cayuga lake, and Sene- ca and Ontario cos. Pop. 38,897 ; engaged in agriculture 7,695, in commerce 127, in manufac- tures 1,773. Chief town, Auburn. Cayuga, or East Cayuga, p-v. in Aurelius, Cay- uga co. N. Y. stands on the east side of Cayuga lake. A bridge 360 rods long, crosses the lake at this place, and a steam-boat plies the lake to Ith- aca. Cayuga Lake, between Cayuga and Seneca cos. N. Y. 40 miles long, and from 1 to 4 broad. Its outlet is Seneca river. Cayuga creek, Niagara co. N.Y. the most north- ern fork of Buffalo creek. Cayula, t. Tioga co. N. Y. 10 m. N. Spencer. Pop. 1,889. Caza Forte, a fort of Brazil, in Goyas, on the Tocantins. 380 m. N. N. E. Villaboa. Cazah, t. France, 9 m. S. W. Gourd on. Cazaubon, t. France, 25 m. W. Condom. Casenoria, p-t. and cap. Madison co. N. Y. 40 m. W. Utica, 130 W. Albany. Pop. 3,909. It is a pleasant and flourishing town, and contains a court-house, a jail, and a bank. CazereSj t. France, on the Garonne, 33 m. S.W. Toulouse. Casobla, t. Spain, in Andalusia, on the Guadal- quivir. Cazzan, t. Arabian Irak, on the Euphrates. 5 r > m. W. Bagdad. Cazzola, isl. in the Adriatic. L a t. 43 g' N. 164 C E L Cea, t. Spain, 23 m. E. S. E. Leon. Cecil, t Washington co. Pa. Pop. 1 ,154. Cecil, co. Md. on the eastern shore of the Ches- apeake ; bounded N. by Pennsylvania, E. by Del- aware, S.by Kent co. and W. by the Chesapeake. Pop. 16,048; slaves 2,343; engaged in agriculture 5,045, in commerce 268, in manufactures 1,453. Chief town, Elkton. Cecina, r. Italy, falls into the Tuscan sea, be- tween Leghorn and Piombino. Cedar, t. Howard co. Missouri. Cerfarcre6/;,hundred, Sussex co. Del. Pop. 2,280. Cedar creek, Rockbridge co. Va. runs into James river. The Natural Bridge, over this creek, is 12 m. S. Lexington, and is~a great curiosity. The river runs through a chasm which is 90 feet wide at the top. The sides are 250 feet high, and al- most perpendicular. The bridge is a huge rock thrown across this chasm at the top. It is 60 feet wide, and covered with earth and trees, and forms a sublime spectacle when beheld from the margin of the creek. Cedar creek, runs into the Missouri from the N. in St. Charles co. Missouri. Cedar-creek mouth, p-v. Franklin co. Ken. Cedar Lake, N. America, 60 m. E. Lake Win- nipec, with which it is connected by the Saskatch- iwine. Lon. 100 5' W. Lat. 53 8' N. Cedar Lake (Red.} See Cassina lake. Cedar point, cape, Md. on the W. side of Chesa- peake bay, at the mouth of the Patuxent. Cedar point, s-p. Charles co. Md. on the Poto- mac, 12 in. S. S. E. Port-Tobacco. Cedars, v. Canada, on the St. Lawrence, 30 m. above Montreal. Cedarville, p-v. Cumberland co. N. J. Cedogna, t. Naples, in Principato Ultra, 12 m. N. W. Melfi. Ccfalu, t. Sicily, in Val Demone, 30 m. E. Pa- lermo. Pop. 6,500. Cchegin,i. Spain, 37 m. W. Murcia. Ceilles, t. France, in Herault,35 m. N.W. Mont- pelier. Pop. 917. Ctira, t. Portugal, at the mouth of the river Cei- ra, 3 m. S. E. Coimbra. Ceizeriat, t. France, 6 m. E. S. E. Bourg en Bresse. Celano, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, near Lake Celano. 16 m. W. Salmona. Lon. 13 27' E. Lat. 42 & N. Celaya, t. Mexico. Lon. 101 5' W. Lat. 21 N. Celbridge, t. Ireland, 10 m. from Dublin. Celebes, isl. in the E. Indian sea, of a very ir- regular figure, consisting of four long narrow pe- ninsulas separated from each other by deep bays. The area is estimated at 90,000 sq. miles. The inhabitants are computed at 3,000,000. They are of Malay origin. They generally profess a cor- rupted form of the Mahometan religion. They are adventurous navigators, frequenting all places in the Eastern seas. Their piracies inspire dread among the neighbouring islanders. The trade consists in the exportation of gold, tortoise-shell, sago, rice, and cotton cloths, and in the importa- tion of arms and ammunition, iron and steel, blue and white cloth. The island is called Negree Oran Buggess and Tanna Macassar, by the na- tives. It is partitioned into several political di- visions, which are governed by different rajahs or chiefs, respectively independent in their own ter- ritories. Many towns are seen along the coast, of C E N which Macassar is the best known. Lon. 116 40' to 121 40' E. Lat. 3 N. to 5 10' S. Celenito, r. Calabria, runs into the gulf of Ta- rento. Celindro, s-p. Asia Minor, 54 m. N. Cerino in the island of Cyprus. Celle, t. France, 6 m. E. Thiers ; one 10 m. fr. Moulins ; one, 6 m.fr. St. Almand ; one, in Aube, on the river Ource. Cellefrouin, t. France, 9 m. N. Rochefoucault. Cclles, t. France, 10 m. S. E. Niort. Celies, t. Netherlands, 1 1 m. N. E. Tournay. Celles, t. France, 12 m. W. Ramorantin. Celorico, t. Portugal, 9m. N. VV. Guarda. Ceneda, (an. Acedum?) t. Venetian territory, 10 m. S. Belluno. Cenia, r. Spain, runs into the Mediterranean, 8 m. N. E. Peniscola. Gem's Mount, a high mountain of the Alps, in Savoy, between Turin and Chamberry, at an equal distance from both. Across this mountain is one of the most important passes of the Alps, opening a communication between Savoy and Piedmont. Cents, or Mont Cenis, t. France, 10 m. S. Au- tun. Centale,v. Piedmont, 5 m. N. W. Coni. Cenlellas, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 10 m. S. Vi- que. Centinel, Great and Little, islands in the bay of Bengal. Lon. 92 30' E. Lat. 11 35' N. Cento, t. States of the Church, 13 m. N. N. W. Bologna. Cenlorbi, (an. Centuripa,} t. Sicily, 29 m. W. N. W. Catania. Centre, co. Pa. bounded N. by Lycoming co. E. by Northumberland co. S. by Mifflin and Hunt- ingdon counties, and W. by Clearfield co. Pop. 13,796; engaged in agriculture 1,807, in com- merce 27, in manufactures 874. Chief t. Belle-i fonte. Centre, t. Butler co. Pa. Pop. 972. Centre, t. Green co. Pa. Pop. 795. Centre, t. Union co. Pa. Pop. 2,094. Centre, t. Indiana co. Pa. Pop. 937. Centre., t. Columbiana co. Ohio. Pop. 1,437. Centre, t. Monroe co. Ohio. Pop. 1,292. Centre, t. Morgan co. Ohio. Pop. 277. Centre-furnace, p-v. Centre co. Pa. Centre-harbor, p-t. Stratford co. N. H. at the N. W. end of Lake Winnipiseogee, 30 m. N. Concord. Pop. 486. The village of Centre-harbor is partly in the town of Meredith. Centremllc, t. Alleghany co. N. Y. Pop. 421. CentremHe, p-v. Crawford co. Pa. Centrerilte, p-t. and cap. Queen Anne co. Md. 12 m. S. Chestertown, at the head of Corsica creek, which flows into Chester river. The public buildings are a court-house and jail, a house of public worship for Methodists, and an acad- emy. Centre-cille, p-v. Fairfax co. Va. Centreville, p-v. Pendleton district, S. C. Ccntrerille, p-t. Livingston co. Ken. Here is an academy. CcntronUt, t. Fairfield co. Ohio, 14 m. N. W. Lancaster, 14 S. 11 Columbus. Centreville, p-t. Montgomery co. Ohio, 9 m. S. Dayton. Centrevillc, t, Gallia co. Ohio. Pop. in 1815, 470. C E R Centreville, p-t. and cap. Wayne co. Indiana. Cephalonia, the largest of the islands forming the Ionian republic, is in the Mediteranean, N. of Zante. It is 40 miles long, and from 10 to 20 broad. The soil is of great natural fertility. The principal productions are raisins, currants, oil, wine (particularly the kind called muscadel) cit- rons, melons, pomegranates, and cotton. The principal manufacture is coarse cotton cloth. The inhabitants own about 250 small merchant ves- sels, which trade to the Levant, Apulia, and other districts bordering on the gulf of Venice. Ar- gostoti, the chief town, has one of the best har- bors in the Mediterranean. The imports consist chiefly of corn, woollen cloths, linen, sugar, and hardware. Pop. 60,000, mostly Greeks. Lon. 20 40' to 21 18' E. Lat. 38 to 38 28' N. Cephisia, or Kephsa, t. Greece, on the Cephis- sus. Ceram, isl. in the Eastern sea, about 160 miles long and 40 broad. The clove tree formerly flourished here ; but through the influence of the Dutch it has been extirpated, Lon. 128 to 131 E. Lat. 3 48 to 3 33' S. Cerboli, isl. off the coast of Tuscany. Lon. 9 35' E. Lat.425l'N. Cercado, province of Peru, bounded N. by Chancay, N. E. by Guarochini, S. byCanete, and W. by the Pacific. Cerdon, t. France, 12 m. S. Bourg en Bresse. Cerence, t. France, 7 m. S. Coutances. Cerens, t. France, 10 m. S. Lemans. Cerenza, t. Naples, 30 m. E. Cosenza. Certs, t. McKean co. Pa. Pop. 425. Ceret, t. France, 15 m. S. W. Perpignan. Cerf, Isle au, small isl. in the St. Lawrence, at the confluence of the river des Prairies. Cerignola, t. Maples, in the Capitanata, 28 m. S. E. Manfredonia. Lon. 15 56' E. Lat. 41 13' N. Pop. 12,000. Cerigo, or Cherigo, (an. Cythera,} one of the seven islands in the Mediterranean, which com- pose the Ionian republic. It lies S. of the Morea, from which it is separated by a narrow strait. It is 17 miles long, and 10 broad; and is in general arid and little cultivated. There are raised, however, small quantities of corn, wine, oil, flax, and cotton. Pop, 10,000. Cerigo, the chief town, is a small place, near the S. coast. Lon. 22 57' E. Lat. 36 W N. Cerigolto, ("an. Egilia) islet in the Ionian sea, midway between Cerigo and Candia. Cm'no,s-p. on the N. coast of the island of Cy- prus, situated in a fertile district, which abounds in grain and cotton, and olive, mulberry, fig and other fruit trees. Lon. 35 35' E. Lat. 35 30' N. Cerisay, t. France, 7 m. S. S. E. Chatillon sur Sevre. Cerisola, v. Piedmont, 5 m. E. Carmagnola. Cerisy, t. France, 8 m. E. S. E. Coutances ; one 7 m. N. E. St. Lo. Cerna, r. Piedmont, runs into the Sesia, 3 m. N. W. Vercelli. Cernay, t. France, 18 m. N. E. Befort. Cernc, or Cerne Abbas, t. Eng. in Dorset, 7 m. N. Dorchester. CVrne/y, v. Switzerland, 24 m. S. E. Coire. Cernobio, (an. Ceeno&ium,) t. Lombardy, in Mi- lan, on the lake of Como, near the town of Como. Cerny, t. France, 7 m. E. Estampes. Cerrito, t. Naples, 18 m. W. N. W. Benevento. Ctrro do Frio, or the Cold Mountains, a district C E Y 165 of the province of Minas Geraes, in Brazil, chiefly remarkable for its diamond mines. Cerros, isl. in the Pacific, on the coast of Cali- fornia. Lat. 28 8' N. Certaldo, t. Tuscany, in the Siennese. Cervaro, t. Naples, 9 m. E. N. E. Policastro. Cervera, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 30 m. N. Tarra- gona; one 7 m. fr. Talavera; one, 10 m. N. Ro- sas ; one 50 m. E. N. E. Leon ; one, 15 m. S. S. E. Calahorra. Cervera, Cape, Spain, in Ion. 3 3' E. and lat. 42 26' N.; another, in Ion. 46' W. and lat. 37 38' N. Cema, t. states of the Church, 10 m. S. E. Ra- venna. Cervin, Mont, mountain, Switzerland, near Mont Blanc. It is 13,845 feet above the level of the sea. Cervini Isles, in the Adriatic, belonging to Austria. Cervon, t. France, 17 m. S. E. Clamecy. Cesara, r. New Granada, falls into the Magdale- na, in lat 8 46' N. Cesarea. See Ccesarea. Cesarea Creek. See Cohanzy. Cesena,t. States of the Church, 18m. S. Raven- na. Cesenalico, s-p. States of the Church, on the gulf of Venice, 16 m. S. E. Ravenna. Cm', t States of the Church, 6 m. N. Narni. Cessenon, t. France, 9 m. N. Beziers. Cestos. See Seslos. Celina, r. Dalmatia, falls into the gulf of Ve- nice. Cetina, t. Dalmatia, 30 m. N. E. Spalatro. Ceton, t. France, 30 m. E. S. E. Alencon. Cetraro, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, 21 m. N, N. W. Cosenza. Cetle, or Seite, s-p. France, 18 m. S. W. Mont- pelier. Lon. 3 41' 5'' E. Lut. 43 23' 37'' N. Pop. 8,000. Cera, t. Piedmont, on the Tanaro, 40 m. W. Genoa. Lon. 8 15' E. Lat. 44 23' N. Cevennes. See Seventies. Cevio, t. Switzerland, 10 m. N. Locarno. Ceuta, s-p. and fort, Morocco, opposite Gibral- tar. Lon. 5 1 1' W. Lat. 35 38' N. Ceylon, a large island in the Indian sea, sepa- rated from the coast of Coromandel by a channel, called the straits of Manaar. Its general out- line resembles the shape of a pear ; its extreme length is about 300 miles, and its breadth 140. This island is named Cingala by the natives, who are thence denominated Cingalese. The climate in some part?, is hot and oppressive ; in others more temperate and salubrious. The interior has a climate very destructive to Europeans. Great variety of minerals are found here, as tin, lead, iron in abundance, and quicksilver. Pre- cious stones are probably more numerous and di- versified than in any other part of the world. The most extensive pearl fishery on the globe is carri- ed on in the straits of Manaar on the N. W. coast. The finest fruits grow on the island. Oranges, lemons, water melons, and cocoanuts, are plenti- ful, as also pepper, coffee and a species of the tea tree; but the most valuable of all the Ceyloneso plants is the cinnamon tree, the principal planta- tions of which lie near Colombo. Snakes of an enormous size, and some, of the most venomous species, are found on the island. The elephants of Ceylon are highly celebrated for strength and 166 C H A sagacity. The inhabitants seem to be of three dis- tinct races, the Veddahs, or Beddahs, the native Cingalese, and the offspring of foreigners by alli- ances with the natives. Of the first, very little is known more than that they are a very wild peo- ple, subsisting chiefly by hunting and the sponta- neous produce of the woods. The Cingalese have a language, and use characters peculiar to themselves. The religion of Ceylon is the worship of Boodh. The number of native Protestants is about 150,000, and of Roman Catholics, 50,000. Formerly the number was much greater, but of late multitudes have relapsed into idolatry. This island was visited by the Portuguese in 1505, who maintained their superiority here du- ring 153 years, when they were expelled by the Dutch. The Dutch settlements were captured by the British in 1796, and the conquest of the island was completed in 1815, by the subjection of the king of Candy. See Candy. It is now constitu- ted into one of the British governments of India. Pop. 1,500,000. In 1816, the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions established a Mission in the district of Jaffna, in the northern part of the isl- and. In 1820, it consisted of 6 ordained mission- aries, a physician, and a printer- It occupies two principal stations, Tillipally, and Batticotta, and has especially assigned to it six large parishes, with ancient buildings and lands devoted to reli- gious use, and containing a dense Pagan popula- tion. It is advantageously situated for communi- cation with the different parts of the island and with the populous provinces of Southern India, and for extensive and efficient operations. The missionaries besides preaching the Gos- pel have established 15 free schools, in which about 700 children are instructed in the common branches of education, and the principles of Christianity. In addition to the free schools, there is, at each station, a boarding school, con- sisting of youths taken under the parental care of the missionaries, supported by the bounty of be- nevolent societies and individuals in America, and .bearing names selected by the respective donors. In 1819, the number of pupils in the boarding schools was 48 males and 9 females. In no part jDf the heathen world, probably, can children be supported and educated so cheaply, as in this part jof Ceylon. The small sum of 12 dollars is con- sidered sufficient for the entire support of one boy, and boys can be obtained by the missionaries, to the extent of the funds with which they may be furnished. Cezimhra, s-p. Portugal, 10 m. W. Setuval. Cezy,t. France, 3 m. N. VV. Joigny. Chabaquiddick, ial. Mass, off the E. end of Mar- tha's vineyard. Chabevilj t. France, 9 m. S. E. Valence. Chablais, a province of Savoy, with the title of dutchy, extending along the southern bank of the lake of Geneva as far as the Valais to the east ; on the west it is bounded by the territory of Ge- neva. Chaklis, t. France, 10 m. E. Auxerre. Chabris, t. France, 6 m. S. Romorantin. Chacao, port, in the island of Chiloe, S. Amer- ica, on the narrow channel between the island and the main land. Lat. 42 10' S. Chacewater, t. Eng. in Cornwall, 5 m. W. Truro. Chachapoias, province, Peru, bounded E. by the H A eastern ridges of the Andes, N. W. by Luya and Chillaos, and VV. by Caxamarca. Chactoole Bay, N. W. coast of America, S. of Norton sound, between Cape Denbigh and Besbo- rough island. Chacky or Fort Hastings, fortified t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 86 25' E. Lat. 24 33' N. CTuzco, an extensive country of S. America, in- cluded within the limits of the viceroyalty of Buenos Ayres ; bounded N. by the country of the Chiquitos Indians; E. by the Paraguay; S. and W. by the Spanish provinces of the viceroyalty. It is 750 miles long from N. to S. and 450 broad ; and consists of one immense plain, watered by the rivers Pilcomayo, Vermejo, and Salado. This country is inhabited by uncivilized Indians whom all the efforts of the Spanish missionaries have failed to reclaim from barbarity. C hoc taws. See Choctaws. Chadderton, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 5 m. from Manchester. Pop. 4,133. Chadenar, t. France, 4 m. fr. Pons. Chceronea. See Capranu. Chagaing, city of the Birman empire, on the N. bank of the Irrawuddy river, opposite Ava. Lon. 98 E. Lat. 21 54' N. Chagford. See Chegford. Chagny, t. France, 11 m. N. by W. Chalons-sur Saone. Chagre, a navigable river of S. America in the province of Panama, which falls into the ocean 30 m. W. S. W. Portobello, in hit. 9 18' N. Lon. 80 16' W. It is navigable for large barks as far as Cruces, where there is a wharf for unloading, and where the royal custom-house is established. The greater part of the commerce between Porto- bello and Panama is conducted by this river. Chagrine, r. Ohio, runs into lake Erie, N. E. of Cleveland. Chagrincj p-t. Cuyahoga co. Ohio, on lake Erie. Pop. 733. Chahaignes, t. France, 5 m. N. E. Chateau-du Loir. Chaia, r. Siberia, runs into the Obe. Chaillac, t. France, 12 m. S. S. VV. Argenton. Chailland,t. France, 12 m. N. Laval. Chailland, t. Languedoc, 13 m. N. W. Privas. Chailles les Marais, t. France, 11 m. S. VV. Fon- tenaye le Comte. Chailles sous ley Ormeaux, t. France, 10 m. E. Sable. Chaillei-ette, t. France, 5 m. S Marennes. Chaingy,t. France, 5 m. W. Orleans. Chain Island, in the Pacific. Lon. 145 50' W. Lat. 17 23' S. Chain-Shot Island, near the coast of N. C. Lon. 76 35' W. Lat. 34 55' S. Chaise Dieu, La, t. France, 12 m. E. Brioude. Chalabrt, t. France, 14m. S. W. Limoux. Chalnis, t. France, 5 m. W. Aubeterre. Charlamont, t. France, 15 m. S. Bourg-en- Bresse. Chalawaz, or Jahalawar, a district of Hind, in the province of Gujerat. Chaleurs-Bay, a large bay between New Bruns- wick and Lower Canada, communicating with the gulf of St. Lawrence. Chalgropt Field, Eng. in Oxfordshire. Chalingy, t. France, 5m. S. W. Nancy. Caalin, r. Russia, flows into the Karskoi sea. Lon. 71 14' E. Lat. 73 5' N. Chalin, t. France, 15 m, W. Angers. e H A Chalk level, p-v. Pittsylvania co. Va. Chalmers. Port, Montague island, in Prince William's sound. Lon. 213 22' E. Lat. 60 16' N. Chalo, r. Asia, rises near Lassa, and empties into the gulf of Cochin China, opposite the island of Hainan. Chalonne, t. France, on the Loire, 12 m. S. W. Angers. Pop. 5,000. Chalo-ns, t. France, on the Marne, cap. of Marne. There are here woollen manufactures and tanneries. The principal objects of trade are corn and wine ; 23 m. S. E. Rheims, 103 E. Paris. Lon. 4 22' E. Lat. 48 57' 16" N. Pop. 11,000. Chalons, t. France, on the Saone. It is the see of a bishop ; 170 m. N. Lyons, 214 S. E. Paris. Lon. 4 51' 8" E. Lat. 46 46' 53" N. Pop. 9,000. Chains, t. France, 17 m. S. W. Limoges. Cham, t. Bavaria, 24 m. N. E. Ratisbon. Cham, or Kham,v. Switzerland, 7 m. S. Zug. Chamah, t. Gold coast of Africa. Lat. 5 5' N. Chambah, district, Hind, iji Lahore, about 33 N.lat. Chambah, the cap. is 110m. N. E. La- hore. Chambave, t. Piedmont, 51 m. S. E. Aosta. Chamber rt, t. cap. of the dutchy of Savoy, is situated in a fruitful valley at the conflux of the L'Aisse and D'Albans, 35 m. E. S. E. Geneva, 55 E. Lyons. Lon. 5 55' E. Lat 45 34' N. Pop. 11,670. Chambersburg, p-t. and cap. Franklin co. Pa. on Conococheaque creek ; 46 m. S. W. Harrisburg, 143 W. Philadelphia, 30 S. W. Carlisle, 76 N. W. Baltimore. Lon. 77 32' W. Lat. 39 57' N. Pop. in 1818, 2,304. The situation is healthy, and the surrounding country rich and highly cul- tivated. The town contains a courthouse and jail, a bank, an academy, and 7 houses of public wor- ship. It is built principally on two large streets, in- tersecting each other at right angles, and leaving a public square in the centre. On the creek there are several mills and manufacturing establish- ments. Chambers creek, Orange co. N. Y. a small stream near Newburg on which is erected a cannon foun- dery. Chamberlin, v. France, 6 m. S. Dijon. Chambly or Chambliss, t. France, 3 m. N. W. Beaumont sur Oise. Chambly, seigniory, in Kent and Bedford cos. Lower Canada, on the river Sorel, 12m.E. Mont- real. Here is a fort, and a village of about 100 houses. Chambly Rirer. See Sorel. Chambon, t. France, 3 m. W. Evaux ; one 6 S. W. St. Etienne. Chambord, v. France, in Loir and Cher, 10 m. E. Blois. Lon.r30'E. Lat. 47 37' N. Chambrt, La, t. Savoy, 5 m. N. W. St. Jean de Maurienne. Chamdtt, t. France, 9 m. W. Villefranche. C!mrnouny, or Chambouni, t. Sardinia, in Savoy, in a delightful valley at the foot of Mont Blanc. l'"p. 1,1 4iJ. 42 m. S. E. Geneva. Chamjmgnac, t. France, 5 m. E. S. E. Roche- "5m. N. E. Mauriac. Champagne, formerly a province in the E. of France. The chief products are corn, and the famous wine, called Champagne; and the pastur- -ome places is excellent. It now forms the whole of the departments of the Ardennes, the Marne, the Upper Marae, and the Aube, and ths C H A 167 greater part of those of the Yonne and the Seine- and Marne. Champagne t. France, 6 m. S. E. Lucon ; one 12 m. N. W. Le Mans ; one 10 m. N. Belley , one 10 m. N. Riberac. Champagne Mouton, t. France, 14 m. W. Con- folens. Champagnole, t. France, 14 m. S. E. Poligny. Champagny's Archipelago, islands on the N. W. coast of New Holland. Champah, the name of a pass through the moun- tains, between Bahar and Bengal, in Hind. Lon. 8520'E. Lat. 24 30' N. Champaign, co. Ohio, on Mad river a branch of the Miami. Pop. 8,479; engaged in agriculture 1,677, in commerce 19, in manufactures 286. Chief town, Urbanna. Champaneer, district, Hind, bounded N. by Go- dra, E. by the territories of the Mahratta, S. by Narbudda river, and W. by Baroach. Cham- paneer, the cap. is in Ion. 73 37' E. lat. 22 3V N. Champdeniers, t. France, 10 m. N. Niort. Champenieres, t. France, 6 m. N. E. Angou- leme. Champeon, t. France, 9 m. N. E. Mayenne. Champigny sur Vende, t. France, 7 m. S. Chi- non. Champion, p-t. Jefferson co. N. Y. on Black riv- er, at the head of the Long falls ; 52 m. N. Rome, 161 N. W. Albany. Pop. 2,080. Champion, t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 4 m. N. War- ren. Champion, v. in Painesville, Ohio. Champlain, p-t. and port of entry, Clinton co. N.Y. on Lake Champlain, 15 m. N. Plattsburg, 185 fr. Albany. Pop. 1,618. It is watered by the Cha- zy, and contains numerous mills. Champlain, Lake, between New- York and Ver- mont. Its whole length from Whitehall, at its southern extremity, to its termination 24 miles N. of the Canada line, is 128 miles ; its breadth varies from half a mile to 16 miles. Its surface covers about 600 square miles. The principal streams which flow into it from the east, are the Missisque, Lamoil, Onion, and Otter creek ; those from the west are the Chazy, Saranac, Sable, the waters of Lake George, and Wood Creek. The whole extent of country drained by these waters, is between 6 and 7,000 sq. miles. There are sev- eral large islands in the northern part of the lake, the principal of which are North and South He- ro, and Isle Lamotte. The outlet of the lak e is the river Sorel, which runs N. into the St. Law- rence. About 800 tons of shipping are employed on the lake, owned principally at Burlington, and in the summer season a steamboat plies from Whitehall to St. John's through its whole length. A battle was fought on this lake on the llth of Sept. 1814, in which the American fleet under Commodore Macdonough, gained a complete vic- tory over the British. Champlain Canal, See JV*e/> York State. Champlitte, t. France, 27 m. W. Vesoul. Champion, p-t. Jefferson co. N. Y. Champos, t. France, 17 m. N. E. Mauriac. Chamusca, t. Portuguese Estremadura, 9 m. E. Santareno. Chamuti, r. Naples, 6 m. S. S. E. Gierace. Chanac, t. France, 7 m. S. W. Mende. Chanca, r. falls into the Guadiana between Por- tugal and Andalusia. C/iancay, province of Peru, bounded N. by San- 168 C H A ta, N. E. and N. by Caxatambo, E. by Canta, and S. by Cereado. Chancay, the cap. is 45 m. N. W. Lima. Chanceaux, t. France, 18 m. N. W. Dijon. Chanceford, p-t. York co. Pa. on the W. side of the Susquehannah, opposite the mouth of Couosto- go creek. Pop. 1,248. Chanceford, (Lower) t. York co. Pa. Pop. 965. Chancelade, t. France, 3m. N. W. Perigueux. Chandail, district, Hind, in Allahabad, between 24 and 25 N. lat. Chandanee, district, Hind, in Lahore. Chan- danee, the cap. is in lat. 33 24' N. Ion. 74 41' E. Chttndeleur Islands, in the gulf ol Mexico, near the coast of W. Florida. Lon. 88 48' to 88 58' W. Lat. 29 30' to 29 45' N. Chandercoojia, t Hind, in Bengal. Lon. 87 38' E. Lat. 22 44' N. Chandergheri, t. Hind. 15 m. S. Mangalore. Chandergunge, t. Hind, in Bengal. Lon. 91 20' E. Lat. 22 55' N. Chandernagore, or Fransdunga, the principal settlement of the French in Bengal. It is on the W. bank of the Hoogly, 21 m. above Calcutta, in lai. 22 49' N. Ion. 8826'E. Chandgherry, t. and district of Hind. 72 m. W. N. W. Madras. Chandgherry, t. Hind. 108 m. N. N. W. Serin- gapatam. Chandler's Gore, Washington co. Maine. Pop. 42. Chandlersville. See Jonesborough. Chandlersville, t. Somerset co. Maine. Pop. 155. Chartdor, t. Hind. 80 m. N. W. Aurungabad. Chandra-Gupti, t. and fort of Hind. Lon. 75 8' E. Lat. 14 23' N. Chandrce, district and t. Hind, in Malwa. The town contains about 14,000 houses, and is on the river Betwah, in Ion. 78 43' E. lat. 24 48' N. Changamah,t. Hind. 100 m. S. W. Madras. Change, t. France, 3 m. S. E. Le Mans ; one, 3 m. N. Laval. Chang-long, a province of China, bounded W. and N. by the province of Pe-tche-li, S. by Kiang- nan, E. by the Eastern sea, and N. E. by the gulf of Pe-tche-li. Pop. 24,000,000. Lat. 34 30' to 38 N. Changy, t. France, llm. N. W. Roanne. Channel, English, that part of the Atlantic ocean which divides England from France. Chanonat, France, 6 m. S. Clermont. Chanonry, t. Scotland, united with Rosemarkie, forms Fortrose. Chantagir, r. Siberia runs into the Enesei. Lat. 51 50' N. Chantdle k Chateau, t. France, 10 m. N. W. Gannat. Chantenay, t. France, 15 m. W. S. W. Le Mans. Chantilly, t. France, in Oise, 5 m. W Senlis, 25 N. Paris. Pop. 2,930. Chantonnay, t France, 12 m. W. La Chataigna- raye. Chantrigne, t. France, 9 m. N. Mayenne. Chaource, t. France, 9 m. W. Bar sur Seine. Chapala, the largest lake of Mexico. It lies just above lat. 20 N. about 120 m. W. of the city of Mexico, and is 90 miles long and 20 broad, cov- ering an area of 1225 square miles. Chapel, Allerton. See Allerton Chapel. Chapel-en-le-Frith, t. Eng. in Derbyshire. Pop. 3,042; 4i fr. Buxton. C H A Chapel Hill,rj-i. Orange co. N. C. on New-Hope creek, which runs into the Haw a branch of Cape Fear river, 27 m. W. Raleigh. The situa- tion is very healthy, in a high broken country. The town contains about 30 houses, besides the public buildings. Chapel Hill is the seat of the University of N. Carolina, which was incorporated in 1788, and has been liberally patronized by the State. The Col- lege buildings consist of a chapel, and 2 spacious edifices for the accommodation of students, all of brick, and a dwelling house lor the President. The officers of the college were in 1821 a presi- dent, 4 professors, viz. one of mathematics, one of chemistry, one of languages, and one of rhetoric ; and 2 tutors. Number of sudents 146. Chapelizod, v. Ireland, 2| m. W. Dublin. Chapel Key, isl. in the bay of Honduras. Lon. 8840'W. Lat. 18 N. Chapelle Agnon, t. France, 5 m. N. Ambert. Chapelle d'Angillon, t. France, 20 m. N. Bour- ges. Chapelle Aubry, La, t. France, 8 m. S. St. Flo- rent. Chapelle Basse, La, t. France, 9 m. N. E. Nan- tes. Chapelle Blanche, t. France, 3 m. from Bour- gueil. Chaplinlon, p-t. Barren co. Ken. Chapman, t. Lycoming co. Pa. Pop. 355. Chapman's Bay, S. Africa, between Table Bay and the Cape of Good Hope. Chaptico,p-i. St. Mary's co. Md. Char, r. Eng. empties at Charmouth. Charabaun. See Cheribon. Charadra, (an. Charadrus,') r. Greece, traverse? the plain of Marathon, and falls into the sea. Charak, (an. Seroff,") t. Persia, in Laristan, on the Persian gulf. Charancy, t. France, 10 m. W. S. W. Longway. Charasm. See KJiarasm. Charatan. See Chariton. Charboniere, r. Arkansas, which joins the Ar- kansas on the S. side, above the mouth of the Pe- tit John. Charcas, or Chayanta, a province of S. Ameri- ca, in the Viceroyalty of Buenos Ayres, bounded N. by Cochabamba, E. by Mizque, S. by Potosi, and W. by the Andes. The name Charcas, or au- dience of Charcas, was formerly applied to a much more extensive territory in the northern part of the viceroyalty of Buenos Ayres. Chard, t. Eng. in Somerset, 15 m. S. Taunton. Chardon, p-t. and cap. Geauga co. Ohio, 12 m. S. E. from the mouth of Grand river, 160 N. E. Columbus. Pop. 430. Charedsch. See Karak. Charente, (Carantonus,} a large r. France, rises in Upper Vienne, and after a course of 100 miles, falls into the sea, about 8 miles below Rochefort, opposite the island of Oleron. It is navigable few- large vessels to Rochefort. Charente, La, a department of France, bordered by Lower Charente, Deux Sevres, Vienne, Upper Vienne, and Dordogne. Pop. 327,000. Extent, 2,240 sq. miles. It i? divided into the five arron- dissements of Angouleme (the capital,) Cognac, Barbezieux, Confolens, and Ruffee. Cliarenle, the Lower, or La Charente Inferieure, a department of France, inclosed by the Atlantic and the departments of Gironde and Dordogne, Charente, Deux Sevres, and La Vendee. Sq. miles 2,800. Pop. 393,000. C H A Ckarenton, t. France, 4 m. S. E. Paris. C/iaretfe, p-t. Montgomery co. Missouri, on the N. side of the Missouri, 40 m. above St. Charles. Charia, or St. Adrian, v. Greece, in the Morea, 7 m. N. W. Argos. Charie, principal village in the El wah, or Great oii? of Egypt. Lon. 29 40' E. Lat. 25 6 cLmg, t. Eng. in Kent, 7 m. W. Ashford. Chartie,La, t. France, 13 m. N. N. W. Ne- Chariton, r. Missouri, which runs into the Mis- souri, on the N. side. Near its mouth it receives the Little Chariton, and below the confluence is 18 yards wide. Charilon, t. and cap of a county lately set off from Howard co. Missouri, is under a bluff on the river of the same name, at the confluence of the Little Chariton. It contains several handsome brick houses, a saw and grist mill, a distillery, and 2 hotels. 25 m. W. Franklin. Pop. about 300. Charkov, or Karkof, t. Eu. Russia, cap. of the government of Charkov. It contains 10 churches, 2 convents, and a university. "350 m. S. W. Mos- cow, 640 S. S. E. St. Petersburgh. Lon. 36 26' 32" E. Lat 49 59' 43" N. Pop. 1 1,000. Charkov, a government of Eu. Russia, bounded N. by Kursk, E. by Voronetz, S. by Ekaterinos- lav,and W. by Pultava. Sq. miles, 13,000. Pop. 300,000. Charlburg, t. Eng. in Oxford, 5 m. W. Wood- stock. Charlemont, t. Ireland, 8 m. N. Armagh. Charlemont, p-t. Franklin co. Mass. 14 m. W. Greenfield, 107 W. N. W. Boston. Pop. 1,081 . Charlemonte, strong t. France, 10 m. N. Me- zieres, 24 S. W. Namur. Lon. 4 50' E. Lat. 50 7' N. Pop. 1,310. Charleroy, t and fortress of Netherlands, on the Sambre, 10 m. E. N. E. Mons. Lon. 4 32' E. Lat. 50 26' N. Charles, co. on the W. shore of Maryland, be- tween Potomac and Patuxent rivers. Pop. 16,500; slaves 9,419; engaged in agriculture 1,470, in commerce 47, in manufactures 327. Chief town, Port Tobacco. Charles, Cape, on the coast of Labrador. Lon. 55 20' W. Lat. 52 25' N. Charles, Cape, Va. the N. cape at the entrance of Chesapeake bay. Lon. 75 58' W. Lat. 37 15' N. Charles city, co. Va. between James river and the Chickahominy. Pop. 5,255; slaves 2, 967; enga- ged in agriculture 1,813, in manufactures 24. The conrt-house, where is a post-office, is 35 m. S. E. Richmond. Charles fort, Ireland, at the entrance of Kinsale harbour. Charles Island, in Hudson's Straits. Lon. 79 55' W. Lat. 62 40' N. Charles Island, on the straits of Magellan, 5 m. S. S. W. Fortescue's bay. f'ltudf.s river, Mass, flows between Charlestown an. N. VV. Lyons. Chassiron, Tower of, a light-house on the N point of the island of Oleron. Lon. 1 21' 42" VV. Lat462'l"N. C H A Chatahoochee, r. Geo. rises in the N. part of the state, and running S. by Fort Mitchel, joins Flint river at the S. W. extremity of the State, to form the Apalachicola. During the latter part of its course, it forms the boundary between Georgia and Alabama. Chatahoospa, r. W. Florida, runs into the Chat- ahoochee. Lat.3143'N. Chataiska, r. Siberia, runs into the Enesei, 156 m. N. Turucharsk. Chatanga, r. Russia, runs into the Frozen sea. Lat. 74 40' N. Chatauque lake, in Chatauque co. N.Y. 18 miles long, and 3 broad. It discharges its waters by a navigable stream into Conewango creek. From the N. W. corner, there is a portage of 9 miles to Dunkirk on Lake Erie. The French formerly made use of this communication between the lakes and Ohio river. Chatauque, co. N. Y. hounded N. W. by Lake Erie, E. by Cataraugus co. S. by Pennsylvania, and W. by Ohio. Pop. 12,568; engaged in agri- culture 1,892, in commerce 16, in manufactures 207. Chief town, Chatauque. * Chatauque, p-t. and cap. Chatauque co. N. Y. 30 m. S. W. Buffalo. Pop. 2,518. Chateau- Arnoux, t. France, 7 m. S. Sisteron. Chaieau-Bourg, t. France, 10 m. W. Vitre. Chateaubriand, t. France, in Lower Loire, 32 m. N. Nantes. Pop. 3,000. Chateau Cambresis, fortified t. France, 15 m. S. E. Cambray. Lon. 3 32" 56" E. Lat. 50 6' 15" N. Pop. 4,000. Chateau-Chalon, t. France, in Jura, 5 m. N. Lons le Saulnisr. Chateau- Chinon, t. France, 30 m. E. Nevers. Chateau-Dauphin, strong castle of Piedmont, in a pass leading into Dauphiny, 30 m. S. S. W. Tu- rin. Lon. 7 10' E. Lat. 4433'N. Chaleaudun, or Dun sur Loire, ancient t. France, 27 m. N. W. Orleans. Lon. 1 25' E. Lat. 48 4' N. Pop. 6,000. Chateau-Giron, t. France, in Ille and Vilaine, 10 m. S. E. Rennes. Pop. 1,500. Chateau Gontier, t. France, in Mayenne, on the river Mayenne, 22 m. N. W. Angers. Pop. 5,600. Chateaugay, r. rises in the State of New York, and runs into Lower Canada, where it falls into the St, Lawrence at Lake St. Louis. A battle was fought on the banks of this river, between the Americans and Canadians, on the 26th Oct. 1813. Chateaugay, seigniory, Huntingdon co. Lower Canada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 13 m. S. W. Montreal. Chateaugay, p-t. Franklin co. N. Y. 10 m. E. Malone. Pop. 828. Clintcaugay, p-v. Clinton co. N. Y. K r ' k ateau London, t. France, 50 m. S. Paris. ateau-lin, t. France, in Finisterre, on the Au- l"> m. N. Quimper. Pop. 3,170. aleau da Loire, t. France, in Sarthe, 135 m. . Paris. Pop. 2,652. ateau-Meillant, t. France, in Cher, 18 m. S. it. Amand. Pop. 2,238. ateau ./Veu/, t. France, in Ille and Vilaine, 7 -t. Malo ; one, in Saone-and-Loire, 12 m. E. : Mar ; igny ; one, in Cote d'Or, 17 m. S. W. Dijon; one, in Upper Vienne, 18 m. S. E. Limo- . on", j n \ f ar, 60m. N. E. Toulon ; one, 18 m. - T in. \. Avignon; one, on the Charente, 10 m, W. S. W. Angouleme ; one, in C H A 171 Cher, 12 m. N.W. St. Amand ; one, in Finisterre, 12 m. E. Chateau-Lin ; one, on the Loire, 12 m. E. Orleans ; one, 9 m. N. Avignon ; one, in Lo- zere, 12 m. N. E. Mende ; one, on the Rhone, op- posite Viviers ; one, on the Sarthe, in Ion. 25' W. lat. 47 41' N. ; one, in Eure-and-Loire, 50 m. W. S. W. Paris. Chateau Poinsac, t. France, 18 m, N. Limoges. Chateau Portien, t. France, in Ardennes, 25 m. S. W. Mezieres. Pop. 1,027. Chateau Renard, t. France, 12 m. N. E. Taras- con ; one, 8 m. E. S. E. Montargis ; one, 18 m. N. N. E. Tours ; one, 10 m. N. W. Sedan. Chateauroix, t. France, on the Indre, cap. of Indre. Here is a considerable woollen manufac- tory. Pop. 8,420. 150 m. S. W. Paris. Lon. 1 50' E. Lat. 46 48' 45" N. Chateau-Salins, t. France, 13 m. N. E. Nancy. Chateau Thierry, t. France, on the Marne, in Aisne. Pop. 4,080. 38 m. S. W. Laon, 55 N. W. Paris. Lon. 3 29' E. Lat. 49 3' N. Chateau Vilain, t. France, in Upper Marne, 10 m. S. W. Chaumont. Pop. 1,341. Chateldon, t. France, 8 m. N. Thiers. Chatelet, t. Netherlands, 24 m. E. by N. Mons ; one, 6 m. N. N. E. Chateau Meillant ; one, 9 m. E. S. E. Melun. Chalellerault, t. France, on the Vienne, across which is one of the finest bridges in France. 35 m. S.W. Tours. Pop. 8,200. Chatham, t. Eng. in Kent, on the Medway, ad- joining Rochester, of which it is considered a sub- urb. Here there is a fine naval arsenal disposed in vast magazines and warehouses, which contain every kind of stores, and where all the operations necessary for the most extensive naval architec- ture are carried on. The dock-yard, including the ordnance wharf, is about a mile long. Cables 100 fathoms long, and 25 inches in circumference, are made here. Above 20 forges are constantly at work, and anchors are fabricated nearly 5 tons in weight. Chatham is well defended, and with the exception of Portsmouth, may now be consid- ered as the most complete and regular fortress in the British islands. Pop. 12,652. 30 m. E. London. Chatham, t. Kent co. Up. Canada, extending from Thames river to Lake St. Clair. Chatham, t. York co. Lower Canada, on the N. side of Ottawa river. Chatham, t. Northumberland co. New Bruns- wick, on Miramachi river. It is well situated for carying on the timber trade, and contains a hand- some Presbyterian church. Chatham, t. Coos co. N. H. 64 m. N. N. E. Con- cord. Pop. 298. Chatham, p-t. Barnstable co. Mass, on the S. point of the elbow of Cape Cod, 20 m. E. Barnsta- ble. Lon. 69 50' W. Lat. 41 42' N. Pop. 1,630; Its harbor has 20 feet water at low tide. The in- habitants are employed chiefly in the fisheries. Many of the shipwrecks on Cape Cod happen at this place. Chatham, t. Middlesex co. Ct. on the E. side of Connecticut river, opposite Middletown. Pop. 3,159. Ship building has long been an important business in this town, and several vessels of war for the United States' service have been built here. Here are also the noted and very valuable quarries of free stone, culled Connecticut stone. A large quantity of this stone, prepared for market, is sold in the neighborhood, or exported to distant parts of the country. 172 C H A Chatham, p-t. Columbia co. N. Y. 18 m. N. E. Hudson, 21 S. E. Albany. Pop. 3,372. Chatham, p-t. Morris co. N. J . on the Passaic, 13 m. N. \V. Eliza bethtown. Pop. 1,832. Chatham, p-t. Chester co. Pa. Chatham, a central co. N. C. Pop. 12,661 ; slaves 3,808 ; engaged in agriculture 3,407, in commerce 4, in manufactures 135. Chief town Pittsburg. Chatham, p-t Chesterfield district, S. C. on the W. side of Great Pedee river, 101 m. fr. Columbia. It is well situated for trade, the river being navi- gable to this place. Chatham, co. in the eastern district of Geo. on the sea coast between Savannah and Ogechee riv- ers. Chief t. Savannah. Pop. (exclusive of Sa- vannah) 7,523 ; slaves 3,075 ; engaged in agricul- ture 3,995, in manufactures 21 . Chatham four-corners, p-v. Columbia co. N. Y. Chatham Island, in the S. Pacific ocean. Lat of the N. point, 43 43' S. Lon. 183 2' E. Chatham Island, in the S. Pacific ocean. Lon. 172 18 W. Lat. 1332'S. Chatham, or Punjo Bay, on the S. W. coast of Florida. Lat. 25 30' N. Chatham Strait, a channel on the W. coast of N. America. It divides King George the Third's Archipelago from Admiralty island. Lat. 58 N. Lon. 134 W. Chatian-bay, an English settlement on the coast of Labrador, 200 or 300 m S. Hopedale. Chatillon, t. Piedmont, 10 m. S. E. Aosta ; one, 4 m. S. S. W. Paris ; one, in Savoy, 15 m. N. Chamberry. Chatillon sur Die, t France, in Drome, 30 m. S. E. Valence. Pop. 1,207. Chatillon If.s Dombes, t. France, in Ain, 12 m. S. W. Bourg en Bresse. Pop. 3,195. Chatillon sur Indre, t. France, in Indre, 10 m. S. S. E. Loches. Pop. 2,609. Chatillon sur Loing, t. France, in Loiret, 40 m. E. Orleans. Pop. 1,996. Chatillon sur Loire, t. France, in Loiret, 14m. N. E. Aubigny. Pop. 1,980. Chatillon sur Marne, t. France, in Marne, 18 m. S. W. Rheims. Pop. 1,002. Chatillon sur Saone, t. France, in Vosges, 9 m. S. E. La Marche. Chatillon sur Seine, t. France, 24 m. E. Ton- nere. Lon. 4 36' E. Lat. 47 51' N. Pop. 3,700. Chatre, La, t. France, on the Indre, 18 m. S. S. E. Chateauroux. Pop. 4,000. Chatteris, v. Eng. 11 m. W. N. W. Ely. Chatlerpore, city, Hind, in Allahabad. Lon, 79 53' E. Lat. 24 57' N. Pop. 20,000. Chatterlon. See Chadderton. Chaudies digues, t. France, in Cantal, 12 m. S. VV. St. Flour. Pop. 2,040. Chaudiere, r. Lower Canada, rises in Lake Me- gantic, and after a northerly course of 102 miles, falls into the St Lawrence, 6 m. above Quebec. It is not navigable owing to numerous rapids and falls, of which the most remarkable are those call- ed the Chaudiere Falls, about 4 miles from its mouth, where the descent is estimated at 130 feet. Chaves, (an. Aqua Flavice,') t. Portugal, in Tras- los Monies, 30 m. W. Braganza. Pop. 3,650. Chauffailles, t France, 17 m. S. Charolles. Chaukunda. See Kakundy. Chaulnes, t. France, in Somme, 7 m. S. W. Pe- ronne. Pop. 1,236. Chaumont, t. France, 15 m. S. W. Beauvai?. CHE Chaumont, t. France, in Loire, 22 m. S. S. W. Lyons. Pop. 5,000. Chaumont, p-t. in Brownville, Jefferson co. N. Y. on Chaumont bay, in lake Ontario. Chaumont en Bassigny, t. France, in Upper Marne, 147 m. S. E. Paris. Lon. 5 14' E. Lat 48 6' 13" N. Pop. 6,000. Chauny, t France, in Aisne, on the Oise, 65 m. N. N. E. Paris. Pop. 4,400. Chaux de Fonds, la, v. Switzerland, 9 m. N. N. W. Neufchatel. Pop. 3,000. Chayanta See Charcas. Chazy, river, Big and Little, Clinton co. N. Y. run into lake Champlain, in the town of Cham- plain. Chazy, p-t. Clinton co. N. Y. on lake Cham- plain, adjoining Plattsburg, 186 m. N. Albany. Pop. 2,313. Cheadle, t Eng. Staffordshire, 15 m. N. E. Staf- ford. Pop. 3,191. Cheadle Moseley, t. Eng. in Chester, 3 m. S. W. Stockport. Cheat, r. Va. runs into the Monongahela, 3 or 4 miles within the Pennsylvania line. It is naviga- ble for boats, except in dry seasons, and there is a portage of 37 miles to the Potomac. Chebacco, a parish of Ipswich, Essex co. Mass, where the small boats called Chebacco boats are built. Chebucto Bay, on the S. E. coast of Nova Sco- tia. Lon. 63 3 1' W. Lat. 44 40' N. Checo. See Cachao. Chedabucto, or Milford Haven, on the E. coast of Nova Scotia, at the mouth of the gut of Canso. Lon. 61 10' W. Lat. 45 25' N. Chedbau, or Cheduba, isl. in the bay of Bengal. Lon. 93 38' E. Lat. 1851'N. Chedder, v. Eng. 7 m. N. W. Wells. Cheego Muddy, t. Hind, at the mouth of the Caggar, in lat. 23" 5' N. 22 m. S. W. Boogebooge. Cheeks cross-roads, p-v. Hawkins co. Ten. Cheesapanny, t. and fort, in the Nepaul territo- ries. Lon. 85 30' E. Lat. 27 23' N. Chefuncti, r. Louisiana, falls into lake Ponchar- train, at Madisonville. It is boatable 30 miles. Chegford, t. Eng. in Devonshire, 15 m. W. Ex- eter. Chegoimegon, Point, N. W. Territory, a sandy point projecting into Lake Superior and forming the eastern side of a bay of the same name. The bay affords an excellent harbor for vessels, and next to that of Grand isle, the best on the southern shore of the Lake. Across its entrance is a chain of islands. 27 m. E. Fond du Lac, 130 W. Keweena point. Chelicut, t. Abyssinia. Lon. 10 37' 17'' E. Lat 13 21' 34'' N. Chelm, t. Poland, 108 m. E. S. E. Warsaw. Chelmsford, t. Eng. in Essex, at the confluence of the Chelmer and Cann, 22 m. W. Colchester, 29 E. London. Pop. 4,649. Chelmsford, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass, on the S. side of the Merrimack, 26 m. N. W. Boston. Pop. 1,535. Middlesex canal opens into the Merri- mack at this place, through several locks. Here are a glass house, and extensive quarries of fine granite, much used in building. Many houses in Boston, the University hall at Cambridge, and the elegant Presbyterian church at Savannah are built of this stone. Chelsea, parish, Eng. in Middlesex, on the N. side of the Thames, l m. W. London. Here is the great national asylum for decayed and maim- CHE CHE 173 cd soldiers : Chelsea Hospital, being the noblest building and one of the best foundations of the kind in Europe. Connected with the hospital, is a royal military asylum, founded in 1801, for the education and maintenance of soldiers' children. Pop. in 181 1,18,262. Chelsea, p-t. and cap. Orange co. Vt. 37 m. N. Windsor. Pop. 1,462. Cheltea, t. Suffolk co. Mass. 3 m. N. E. Boston. Pop. 642. There is a ferry from Boston across the harbor to this place, and it is connected with Charlestown by a bridge. Chelsea landing, p-v. and port in Norwich, New-London co. Ct. on the point of land between Shetucket and Norwich rivers, the two branches which form the Thames, 14m. N. New-London. Chelt, r. Eng. falls into the Severn. Cheltenham, t. and parish Eng. in Gloucester, chiefly celebrated for it medicinal waters, which attract about 4,000 visitors to the place during summer. Pop. of the parish 8,325. 10 m. E. N. E. Gloucester, 94 N. W. London. Cheltenham, t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop. 956. Chelva, t. Spain, in Valencia, 18 m. S. W. Se- gorbe. Pop. 7,200. Chemille, t. France, in Maine and Loire, 10 m. N. E.Cholet Pop. 3, 112. Chemin, r. Indiana, runs N. and falls into Lake Michigan. Chemnitz, or Kemnits, t. Saxony, 36 m. W. S. W. Dresden. Lon. 12 50' E. Lat. 50 45' N. Pop. 10, 835. Here are manufactured canvass, cot- ton stockings, caps, and similar stuffs. Chemung, p-t. Tioga co. N. Y. 10 m. S. W. Spencer, 193 fr. Albany. Pop. 1,327. Chenail Ecarte, r. Up. Canada, falls into Lake St. Clair. Chenango, r. N. Y. which rises in Madison co. and flowing S. receives the Tioghniogha and unites with the Susquehannah at Binghampton, after a course of about 90 miles. Chenango, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Madison co. E. by Otsego, and Delaware cos. S. by Broome co. and W. by Broome and Courtland cos. Pop. 31,215 ; engaged in agriculture 4,996, in com- merce 54, in manufactures 743. Chief town, Nor- wich. Chenango, p-t. and cap. Broome co. N. Y. on the E. branch of the Susquehannah, 40 m. fr. Nor- wich, 148 W. S. W. Albany. Pop. 2,626. It con- tains the village of Binghampton, in which are the county-buildings. Chenango forks, p-v. Broome co. N. Y. Chenang"" point. See Binghampton. Chendi, v. Nubia on the Nile, with about 250 houses. Lon. 33 25' E. Lat. 16 39' N. Chen-yang, or Moukden, city of Chinese Tar- tary, cap. of a district. 54 m. E. N. E. Pekin. Lon. 122" 10' E. Lat. 41 40' N. Chepachet, p-v. in Gloucester, Providence co. R. I. It is a flourishing place, and contains seve- ral mills on Chepachet creek. Gloucester bank is in this village. Chepewas. See Chippeways. Che/stoic, s-p. Eng. in Monmouth, on the Wye, 2 m. from its junction with the Severn. It carries on considerable trade. Pop. 2,581. 15 m. N. N. W. Bristol Cher, r. France, which rises near Bellegarde, and after a course of 150 miles, joins the Loire, a little below Tours. Cher, a department of France bounded N. by Loiret, E. by Nievre, S. by Allier, W. by Indre- and-Loire. Bourges is the capital. Pop. 228,000. Cherac, t. France, 34 m. S. of Saintes. Cherasco, t. Piedmont, at the conflux of the Ta- naro and Stura. It is one of the strong holds of Piedmont ; it contains 7 churches within its walls and 3 without. 20 m. S. S. E. Turin. Lon. 7 55' E. Lat. 44 42' N. Pop. 1 1 ,200. Cheraic, p-v. Darlington district, S. C. 52 m. fr. Camden, 90 fr. Georgetown. Cherbourg, an important seaport of France, in La Manche, on the N. coast, at the bottom of a large bay, between Capes La Hogue and Barfleur. It has long been considered by the French a sta- tion of great importance in the navigation of the English channel, and immense sums have beea expended in improving the harbor. After several fruitless efforts, this object was at length accom- plished in 1813, by an excavation from the solid ground of a harbor capable of containing 50 sail of the line. The excavation is 1,000 feet long, 770 wide, and 50 deep. A wet dock of equal di- mensions was commenced by Bonaparte in 1813, and is now nearly completed, after having cost, along with the basin, a sum of nearly five mil- lions sterling. Cherbourg is 1 90 m. W. N. W. Paris. Lon. 1' 37' 3" W. Lat. 49 38' 31" N. Pop. 10,400. Chertbon, t. on the N. coast of Java, and capital of a principality, situated at the bottom of a deep bay. The principality is remarkably fertile in timber, coffee, indigo, sugar and pepper. Lon. 108 35' E. Lat. 6 43' S. Ckerokte dgency, Tennessee, on the S. side of the Hiwassee. 36 m. E. N. E. Brainerd. Cherokee corner, p-v. Oglethorpe co. Geo. Cherokees, an Indian nation, whose territory lies principally within the chartered limits of Georgia, but also extends into N. Carolina on the E. and into Alabama on the W. and comprises that part of Tennessee which lies S. of Hiwassee and Tennessee rivers. The country is of an irregular form ; the greatest length from N. E. to S. W. is about 200 miles and the greatest breadth 130, and it contains about 10,000,000 acres. The Al- leghany range of mountains penetrates this coun- try and gives rise to numerous streams, some of which flow N. into the Tennessee and Hiwassee, and some form the head waters of rivers flowing into the gulf of Mexico. The soil is fertile and the climate healthy. The Indians live scattered over the country in log cabins, not much inferior to those of the whites in the neighbouring settle- ments. Many whites reside among them having obtained the privileges of citizenship by marrying female natives. These intermarriages have been so long practised, that a considerable part of the tribe are of mixed blood. The mixed breed can generally speak English, and a few send their chil- dren to the white settlements for education. As to their persons, the Cherokees are well formed, and of a good appearance. Some of them have as fine countenances as can easily be found in any country. The children are almost universally ac- tive and healthy, and as apt to learn as the chil- dren of civilized people. Some of the half-breeds have large plantations, which they cultivate by the aid of slaves. In 1809, the number of the tribe was 12,395. They owned 6,519 horses, 19,165 black cattle, 1,037 sheep, 19,778 swine, 13 grist mills, 3 saw mills, 30 wagons, and 583 negro slayes ; the whole value of which was es- 174 CHE CHE timated at 571,500 dollars. They had besides, upwards of 500 looms and 500 ploughs. In 1817 the American Board of Foreign Missions established a mission among the Cherokees, and the success of this experiment fully evinces the practicability of inducing the Indian tribes to a- bandon the chace and adopt the modes of life of civilized society. The principal seat of the mission is at Brainerd, but schools have been established at Taloney, Creek path and various other places. The Moravians also have a respectable mission at Springplace and the Baptists another at Valley towns. With a view to the instruction of the In- dians in the arts of civilisation, the Government of the United States have extended their patron- age to these missions ; the expense of erecting a school-house and a dwelling house has been de- frayed from the National treasury and $1,000 a year is allowed to the station at Brainerd. The Cherokees have appropriated 100,000 acres of land for a perpetual school fund which is placed under the direction of the President of the United States. Besides being taught reading, writing, arithmetic, and the principles of Christianity, the children are instructed in the most useful arts of civilized life. The boys learn the use of the hoe and the axe, while the girls learn the use of the spinning wheel and the needle. Throughout the nation there is a general and strong impression in favour of having their children instructed ; and were sufficient funds supplied, the greater part of the children might at once be brought under a system of instruction. The Cherokees are governed by a National council who meet annually and consist of chiefs from the different clans. Recently they have be- gun to institute civil government among them- selves. The country is divided into 8 districts or counties, to each of which a Judge and a Marshal are appointed, besides a Circuit Judge who pre- sides over two districts. Cherokees of Arkansas. Within a few years, a part of the Cherokees have migrated to the coun- try on the Arkansas river, the government of the U. S. having assigned them lands on that river, in exchange for a part of the Cherokee country. The country ceded to these emigrants is as large, acre for acre, as that relinquished by them to the United States. It is bounded S. by the Arkansas river and N. by White river ; the E. boundary is a line which commences at the mouth of Point Remove in the Arkansas, Ion. 94 E. and proceeds northwardly to White river. The number of emi- grants in 1819 was 6,000. The American Board have a mission among them at Dwight. Cherryjield, t. Washington co. Maine, 30 m. W. Machias. Pop. 181. Cherry Island, in the South Pacific. Lon. 169 55' E. Lat. 1 1 27' S. Cherrystone, a port of Va. Shipping in 1815, 1,608 tons. Chcrrytree, t. Venango co. Pa. Pop. 297. Cherryvalley, p-t. Otsego co. N. Y. Pop. 3,684. The three Western turnpikes through the state of New- York meet in this place. It is 13 m. S. W. Palatine bridge on Mohawk river, 14 N. E. Coop- erstown, 53 W. of Albany, 270 fr. Buffalo. The village is large, and contains a bank, a Meeting- house and an Academy, and many handsome houses. Cherryrille, p-v. Northampton co. Pa. Cherso, a large island belonging to Austria, in that part of the Adriatic between the coasts of Is* tria and Dalmatia called the gulf of Carnero. It is 60 miles long, and has extensive forests, from which the Venetians draw a large supply of wood. It also exports olives, wine, figs, silk, and wool. Pop. 10,000. Cherso, the capital, is on the coast, at the bottom of a deep bay. Pop. 4,000. Lon. 14 36' E. Lat. 45 8' N. Cherson, t. Eu. Russia, capital of the govern- ment of Cherson, on the Dnieper, 60 miles from its mouth. It was founded in 1778, and was des- tined by the empress Catharine to become the Petersburg of the Black sea. But from the diffi- culty of navigating the Dnieper, and the unhealth- iness ot the climate, it gradually fell into de- cline, and is now completely eclipsed, by the neighbouring port of Odessa ; but extensive works are still carried on in the dockyards and arsenal of Cherson. In 1788, the population was abut 50,000. In 1803, not above 1 1 ,000. The govern- ment of Cherson contains 26,532 square miles, and above 400,000 inhabitants. 128 m. S. W. Eka- terinoslav. Lon. 32 56' 30" E. Lat 46 38' 30" N. Chertsey, t. Eng. in Surrey, 10 m. from Houns- low, 22 W. S. W. London. Chesadawd Lake, N. America, about 210 m. N. E. by E. of the E. end of Slave lake, in the Hud- son-Bay company's territory. Chesapeake bay, a spacious bay of the U. S. Its entrance is 12 miles wide, between Cape-Henry in lat. 37 and Cape Charles in 37 12' N. It ex- tends 200 miles in a northerly direction, through the states of Virginia and Maryland, dividing them into two parts, called the eastern and western shores. About 75 miles of the length of the bay is in Virginia, and 125 in Maryland. The breadth varies from 7 to 20 miles. It is generally as much as 9 fathoms deep, and affords many commodious harbours and safe navigation. It receives the wa- ters of the Susquehannah, Potomac, Rappahan- nock, York, and James rivers, besides numberless small streams, both from the eastern and western shores. Chesapeak town, p-v. Cecil co. Md. Chesham, t. Eng. in Buckingham, 25 m. W. N. W. London. Cheshire, a county palatine of Eng. bounded N. by Lancashire, W. by Flint and Denbigh, S. andE. by Derbyshire, Staffordshire, and Sallop. It con- tains 1,040 square miles. Coal is abundant in the south-east parts, but the principal mineral consists of inexhaustible strata of rock salt. Cheshire also is celebrated for the quantity and excellence of its cheese, which forms one of the principal exports. Population 227,031. Families 44,502, of which number 16,396 are engaged in agriculture, and 23,043 in trade and manufactures. Cheshire, co. S. W. part of N. H. bounded N.by Grafton co. E. by Hillsborough co. S. by Massa- chusetts, and W. by Connecticut river, which sep- arates it from Vermont. Pop. 45,376 ; engaged in agriculture 7,960, in commerce 82, in manufac- tures 1,620. Chief towns, Keene and Charles- town. Chi-shire, p-t. Berkshire co. Mass. 17 m. N. N. E. Lenox, 140 W. N. W. Boston. Pop. 1,202. Cheshire, p-t. New-Haven co. Ct. 13 m. N. New-Haven. Pop. 2,281. The Episcopal Acad- emy of Connecticut is established here. It has a fund of $-25,000, and a library of 200 volumes. Tin; institution is under the direction of a Princi- pal, aud a Profe.-sor of languages. The average CHE number of students has been 70. The academical building is a brick edifice, 50 feet by 34. Cheshire,*. Gallia co. Ohio, on the Ohio, 10 m. N. Gallipolis. Pop. 446. Cheshunt, t. Eng. in Hertford, 13 m. N. London, Chtsil Bank, an immense bank of pebbles on the coast of Dorset, Eng. extending from the isle of Portland to the mainland of Abbotsbury. Chesnut creek, Va. a branch of the Great Ken- hawa, where it crosses the Carolina line. Chesnut hill, p-v. Northampton co. Pa. Pop. 1,026. Chesnut hill, p-v. Jackson co. Geo. Chesnut ridge, part of the Alleghany mountains which extends from Maryland N. E. through Fay- ette and Westmoreland cos. Pa. Chester, city, Eng. cap. of Cheshire, on the Dee, 18 m. from the sea. It is surrounded by walls nearly two miles in circuit, with four principal gates. Four principal streets lead from the four gates and meet in a centre. Chester contains a cathedral and eight parish churches within the walls, several places of worship for dissenters, and several amis-houses, and endowments for charita- ble purposes. The two annual fairs for Manches- ter goods. Yorkshire cloths, Irish linens, and Bir- mingham wares, are the most considerable ones in the northern part of the kingdom. 145 m. N. Bristol, 181 N. W. London. Lon. 3 4' W. Lat. 5311'N. Pop. 17,472. Chester, t. Lunenburg co. Nova Scotia, in Ma- hone bay, 25 m. from Windsor. Chester, p-t. Rockingham co. N. H. on the E. side of the Merrimack, 14 m. N. W. Haverhill, 14 W. Exeter, 25 S. E. Concord, 31 W. Portsmouth. Pop. 2,262, Masabesic pond lies mostly in the W. part of this town. Chester, p-t. Windsor co. Vt. 16 m. S. W. Wind- sor, 11 W. Charlestown, N. H. Pop. 2,493. Chester, p-t. Hampden co. Mass. 20 m. N. W. Springfield. Pop. 1,526. Chester, p-v. and parish in Saybrook, Middlesex co, Ct Chester, p-v. in Goshen, Orange co. N. Y. 115 m. fr. Albany. Chester, p-t. Warren co. N. Y. on the Hudson, 25 m. W. Ticonderoga, 90 N. Albany. Pop. 1,013. Scroon lake lies on the east side of this town. Chester, West. See West Chester. Chester, p-t. Morris co. N. J . Pop. 1 ,212. Ch&ter, t. Burlington co. N. J. Pop. 2,253. Chester, co. Pa. bounded N. E. by Montgomery co. S. E. by Delaware and Philadelphia t;o3. S. by Maryland, W. by Lancaster co. and N. W. by Berks co. Pop. 44,451 ; engaged in agriculture 7,032, in commerce 139, in manufactures 2,659. Chkftown, West-Chester. Chester, bor. and cap. Delaware co. Pa. on Del- iware river, near Marcus Hook, 13 m. N. E. Wil- i, 15 from Philadelphia. Pop. of borough 37, of town 638. Its situation is pleasant, and it the resort of much company from Philadelphia lln -Minrner months. Chester river, a navigable water of Md. on the -liore. It is formed by the union of Cy- Audover creeks at Bridgetown. It pass- \>y Ch'-st-Ttown, receives South East creek 3 iil<- br low, and empties in the Chesapeake at N. Cketham, t. Eng. Ij m. from Manchester. Cherer. See Khauar. Cheverny, t. France, 9 m. S. E. Blois. Cheviot Hilh, a ridge of hills in England, run- ning from N. E. to S. W. along the borders of Northumberland, and dividing that county from Roxburghshire in Scotland, Chevres,t. France, 18m. E. Angouleme. Chevres, t. France, 15 m. S. W. Paris. Pop. 1,130. Chevrieul. See Deer river. Chevrotiere, r. Canada, falls into the St. Law- rence from the N. about 40 m. above Quebec. Chewabad, s-p. Persia, on the E. side of the en- trance of the Persian gulf. Chesery, t. France, 8 m. N. W. Geneva. Chezy V Jlbbaye, t. France, on the Marn, 4 m. S. S W. Chateau Thierry. Pop. 1,300. Chiana, r. Italy, divides into two branches, one of which falls into the Tiber, near Orvieto, and the other running north, joins the Arno near Ar- ezzo. Chiantla, t. Mexico, 40 m. S. W. Puebla de los Angelos. Chiapa, province, Guatimala, bounded W. by Oaxaca, S. by Guatimala, E. by Vera Paz and Yucatan, N. by Vera Cruz. Chiapa dos 'Espagnos, or Ciuidad Real, cap. of the above province, 300 m. N. W. Guatimala. Lon. 93 23' W. Lat. 17 N. Pop. 2,500. Its principal commerce is in cocoa nuts, cotton, wool, sugar, and cochineal. Chiapa de los Indios, the largest Indian town in Guatimala, in the N. W. extremity of the coun- try, on the isthmus of Tehuantepec, about half way between the gulf of Mexico and the Pacific ocean. It has about 20,000 Indian inhabitants, who are rich and enjoy many privileges. The celebrated Las Casas, the apostle of the Indians, was the first bishop of this place. Lon. 93 53' W. Lat. 17 5' N. Chiaramonte, t. Sicily, in Val'di Noto, 25 m. W. Syracuse. Pop. 6,500. Chiarenza, or Clarenza, s-p. Eu. Turkey, on the W. coast of the Morea, 80 m. W. Corinth. Lon. 21 16' E. Lat. 38 11' N. Chiari, t. Lombardy, 12m. W. Brescia. Lon. 9 56' E. Lat. 45 32' N. Pop. 7,000. Chiascio, r. Ecclesiastical States, falls into the Tiber, 5 m. S. Perugia. Chiavari, t. territory of Genoa, 20 m. S. E. Ge- noa. Pop. nearly 8,000. Chiavenna, a county of Lombardy, N. of the lake of Como, on the borders of Switzerland, be- tween the country of the Grisons and the Valte- iine, 18 miles long and 15 broad. Pop. 18,000. Chiavenna, the capital, is deemed the key of Lom- bardy, on the side of the Grison territory. It is on the side of a high mountain on the right bank of the Maira, a little above its influx into the lake of Como. 38 m. N. Como. Lon. 9 21' E. Lat. 46 15' N. Pop. 2,800. Chiaw, Gulf of, a deep bay on the N. E. side of the island of Gilolo. Chibiane, v. Cyprus, anciently called Corinea ; celebrated for its wine. Chicago, river, or arm of Lake Michigan, at its S. end, in Illinois. A mile from the lake it divides into two channels : the N. channel extends along the west side of the lake, about 30 miles ; the S. is only 6 miles long, and affords a secure harbour for C H I vessels of almost any burden, but has a bar at its mouth with only two feet water. This obstruc- tion might be easily removed, and the harbor ren- dered accessible. The portage from Chicago river to the Des Planes one of the two branches of Illi- nois river, is 9 miles, and is so low as often to be covered with water and passed in boats. A canal here is contemplated, and could be made with lit- tle expense, which would open a water communi- cation between the Great Lakes and the Missisip- pi, through the Illinois. Half a mile from the mouth of the Chicago, is Fort Dearborn, which see. Chir.ama, r. Peru, which falls into the Pacific ocean, in lat. 7 45' S. Chicapee, r. Mass, is formed of three principal branches, Ware, Swift and Quaboag rivers, which rise in Worcester county ; the united stream runs into Connecticut river, 4 m. above Springfield. Chicaur, t. Hind. 16 m. S. Chittore. Chichacotta, t. and fortress, Bootan, on the fron- tier of Bengal, 50 m. N. Rungpore. Lon. 89 25' E. Lat. 26 42' N. Chichasy Tarija, a province of Buenos Ayres, bounded N. by Poton, E. by the Indian country, S. by Jujuy, and W. by the Andes, which separates it from the desert of Attacama. Chichester, city, Eng. cap. of Sussex, on the Le- vant. It is a bishop's see, and besides the cathe- dral there are six parish churches. Large quan- tities of salt are made at Itchenor, 3 miles from Chichester, where ship building is also carried on to some extent. This city sends two members to parliament. 36 m. S. E. Winchester, and 61 S. S. E. London. Lon. 47' W. Lat. 50 50' N. Pop, 6,425. Chichester, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 10 m. E. Concord, 45 N. W. Portsmouth. Pop. 1,010. Chichester, Lower and Upper, 2 towns in Dela- ware co. Pa. Pop. of Lower Chichester 502 ; of Upper, 413. Chickahominy, r. Va. runs into the N. side of James river, 37 m. above Point Comfort. It has a bar at its mouth with 12 feet water, above which large vessels ascend 8, and vessels of 6 tons, 32 miles. Chickamaugah creek, rises in Georgia, and joins the Tennessee, a few miles above Lookout Moun- tains. Chickasaw, r. Ten. runs into Mississippi. Chickasaw Agency, Alabama, in the country of the Chickasaws, 27 m. W. Cotton-Gin-Port, 130 S. W. Huntsville. Here is a post-office. Chickasaw Bluffs, four in number, on the E. side of the Mississippi, in Mississippi State. The upper bluff is 176 m. below the mouth of the Ohio ; it is between 200 arid 300 feet high and extends 2 miles on the river. The other three occur at the successive distances of 11,21 and 32 miles apart. Chickasaws, Indians, whose country lies almost wholly within the chartered limits of Mississippi, but also embraces a small section of Alabama. ' Formerly their possessions extended north to Ohio river, but in 1818 they ceded to the United States all their lands N. of the southern boundary of Tennessee. On the S. is the country of the Choc- tnws. The Chickasaws according to the return of the United States agent, are 6,456 in number. Like their neighbours the Cherokees and Choctaws they are considerably advanced in civilization. At their request the American Board of Foreign Missions are preparing to establish among them a mission. Chickatawhay, r. Mississippi, rises in the Choc* C H I C H I 177 taw country, and 8 miles below, N. lat. 31 joins Leaf river to form the Pascagoula. Chickasawhay, p-v. Greene co Mississippi. Chiclana, v. Spain, 52 m. S. S. W. Seville. Chicora, t. E. Africa, celebrated for its silver mines. Lon. 30 20' E. Lat 16 30' S. Chidley, Cape, on the N. coast of Labrador, at the entrance of Hudson' s straits. Lon. 70 25' W. Lat. 60 12' N. Chiem, Lake, in Bavaria, between the Inn and Salzach. It is 12 miles long and 8 broad. Chiento, r. Italy, falls into the gulf of Venice. Lat. 43 14' N. Chieri, or Chiers, t. Piedmont, surrounded with walls. 6 m. E. Turin. Lon. 7 48' E. Lat. 45 4' N. Pop. 10,000. Cfiiese, r. Italy, falls into the Oglio, at Caneto, in the dutchy of Mantua. Chietij t. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra, on the Pes- cara, 78 m. N. E. Rome, 93 N. Naples. Lon. 14 30' Lat. 42 22' N. Pop. 12,234. Chievres, t. Netherlands, 12 m. N. W. Mons. Chifremont. See'Bovines. Chifuncte, r. Louisiana, falls into Lake Ponchar- train, a little below Madisonville. Chigneclo Bay, the N.W. arm of the bay ofFun- dy, in Nova Scotia. Chihuahua, t. Mexico, in Durango. It is sur- rounded with mines of silver on every side. 180 m. N. W. Mexico. Lon. 109 16' W. Lat. 28 5tf N. Pop. 11,600. Chikanga, a kingdom of E. Africa, W. of Mono- mopata. Here are valuable gold mines. Chikkolee, t. Hind. 11 m. S. W. Seringapatam. Chilca, s-p. Peru, 40 m. S.Callao. Lat. 12 32' S. Chile, r. Chili, falls into the Pacific, in lat. 39 S. Chili, country, S. America, bounded N. by the desert of Atacama, which separates it from Peru ; ae Andes, which separate it from Buenos Ayres ; S. by Patagonia ; and W. by the Pacific Ocean. It is a long and narrow country, extend- ing from 25 to 43 S. lat. about 1,300 miles long, n average 140 broad, and containing about lo'J.ooO square miles. The part of this country : >d by the Spaniards, is from the northern boundary to the river Biobio in lat. 36 50' S. :rtS. of the Biobio, is occupied by the A- raucanian Indians. Chili is well watered. Lying at the foot of the Andes, it naturally receives the waters which fail on the western declivity of those mountains, and rush with the rapidity of torrents directly into the Pacific Ocean. The rivers are numerous and serve to irrigate the valleys, ren- dering them exceedingly fertile. Chili has been rjillfd the Switzerland of America. The lofty chain of the Andes runs along its whole eastern boundary, and the country below is composed to a considerable extent of vallies surrounded by high mountains or ridges. In most cases there are little - in these ridges, more or less rugged and precipitous, UK 1 passable only for mules. As to its climate, Chili may be divided into two regions ; the variable and humid region, south of lat. ay, where ibfi weather is changeful and it :casional!y throughout the year; and the ilc and dry country, where it does not rain for two third* of the year, and in the most north- erly 1" - not rain at all. Throughout the wl - : y country, extending from 25 to 35 of S. lat. a distance of nearly 700 miles, not a doud is to be seen from November to May. The 23 atmosphere during this period is perfectly clear, and the dews are scarcely perceptible, nor is the heat oppressive. The proximity of the Andes tempers the air, and the mercury fluctuates be- tween 70 and 80 of Fahrenheit, and rarely rises to 85. Thunder storms are unknown in this part of Chili. The climate generally is remarkably salu- brious. The southern part of Chili is abundantly clothed with fine timber and forest trees and abounds with corn, wine and oil. The country between the parallel of 32 and the northern boundary is dry and barren of vegetable produc- tions, but rich in mines of tin, copper, silver and gold. The climate and soil of Chili are well adapted to the culture of sugar and rice. Cattle are every where numerous and of a large size. Gold is found in the sands of the plains, brooks and rivers, and to a greater or less degree in almost every mountain and hill of the northern provin- ces. Several of the mines have been wrought for centuries and have yielded a great produce. All the silver mines are found in the highest and cold- est parts of the Andes, and on that account few of them are worked. The silver mine of Huasco is the richest in the world. The copper mines are exceedingly numerous, and all that are worked yield at least half of the weight of the ore in re- fined copper. The value of the gold and silver annually produced, a few years since was estima- ted at $3,000,000 ; and that of the copper and tin is supposed to be $500,000. Besides these metals, lead, and iron of the very best quality, are found in abundance. There are also several mines of quicksilver. There are 14 volcanoes in Chili which are in a state of constant eruption, and a still greater number that discharge smoke only at intervals. With one or two exceptions, they all lie nearly in the middle of the Andes from E. to W. so that the lava and ashes thrown out by them never extend beyond the mountains. Three or four earthquakes occur in Chili annually. They are however generally slight, and little notice is taken of them. There are but three carriage roads in the whole country, viz. 2 from St. Jagoto Valparaiso and 1 from St. Jago to Conception. The high ridges which every where separate the val- lies of Chili from each other, are passable only for mules. The commerce with the provinces of Buenos Ayres is carried on through the passes of the Andes. The pass most frequented is that of Putaendo. According to a census taken about the year 1812, the population is 1,200,000, exclusive of in- dependent tribes of Indians. With a trifling ex- ception, the whole of this population is concentra- ted between the rivers Juncal and Biobio, on a territory of about 100,000 square miles, making 12 to a square mile. What portion of the 1,200,000 are Indians cannot be exactly ascertain- ed. In almost every valley there is a town of sub- missive Indians, and there are besides about 50,000 held in slavery. Mestizoes are numerous in the vicinity of all the Indian towns, and the Huasos or peasantry are Sill of this mixed class. There are very few negroes, not more than 1,000 in all the country. Chili was formerly a Spanish colony, under the dominion of a viceroy. In 1810, during the troubles in Spain, the people took the govprnment into their own hands ; but in 18 14 the Spanish troops from Peru invaded the country and re-established the royal authority. In 1817, however, the revolutionists, aided by an army from Buenos Ayres under Gen.San Mart in, defeated 176 C H I the royal troops, and restored the independence of the country. The declaration of independence is dated February 12th, 1818. The supreme author- ity at present is in the hands of a director, who is absolute. It is expected, however, that a con- gress will soon be called and a government organ- ized on republican principles. The Roman Cath- olic is the established religion. There are said to be about 10,000 monks and nuns in Chili ; and the religious institution? with which they are connec- ted, hold nearly one third of the landed property of the country, besides about ten million dollars in money lent out at an interest of five per cent, per annum. The army, in 1818, consisted of 8,400 regular troops, besides militia ; the navy of one vessel of 52 guns ; one of 36 ; two of 22 ; one of 18 ; and one of 14 ; recently purchased and manned by foreign seamen, chiefly Americans and English. The revenue in 1817 was $2,177,967. While Chili was a Spanish colony, European goods to the amount of more than a million of dollars were sent from the mother country in exchange princi- pally for gold and silver. From the opening of the ports by the revolutionists in February 1817, to July 1818, the imports into Chili in British vessels amounted to about f 1,800,000 ; and in ves- sels belongiag to citizens of the United States to about $ 1 ,300^000. The imports consisted of arms, ammunition, iron, furniture, tobacco, and of French, India, and British manufactures, particu- larly the latter. The exports were gold, silver, copper, tin, wheat, hemp, hides, peltry, figs, rai- sins, fee. Chili, t. Monroe co. N. Y. taken from Riga. Chilidromia. See Lidromia. Chilka, lake, Hind, on the coast, 36 miles long by 10 or 12 broad. 40 m. S. W. Cuttack. Lat. 19 39' N. Chidambaram, t. Hind, on the coast of the Car- natic. 120 m. S. S. W. Madras. Lon. 79 52' E. Lat. 1127'N. Chilian, province, Chili, bounded N. by Maule, E. by the Andes, and W. by Itata. Chilian, the capital, is on the river Chilian. Lat. 35 36' N. Chilleurs, t. France, 14 m. N. E. Orleans. Chillwothe, p-t. and cap. Ross co. Ohio, and the second town in size in the State, on the W. bank of the Scioto, 45 m. in a direct line, and 70 by Avater from its mouth ; 45 m. S. Columbus, 70 S. W. Zanesville, 93 E. by N. Cincinnati. Lon. 82 55' W. Lat. 39 14' N. Pop. 2,426. It is laid out on an elevated plain between Paint creek and the Scioto. The streets are spacious and cross each other at right angles. It contains a courthouse and jail, a market-house, 2 printing offices, 3 banks including the branch bank of the United States, 3 houses of public worship, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Seceders, and 1 for Methodists, and an acade- my. In the town and vicinity are many valuable mills and manufactories. Chillis, t. Syria, in the pachalic of Aleppo. It has 15 mosques, large bazars, and is a noted mart for cottons. 15 m. N. Aleppo. Cldlliisquaque, t. Northumberland co. Pa. on the W. branch of theSusquehannah, 6 m. above North- umberland. Pop. 1,035. Chilian, v. New Grenada, on the Magdalena. Lat. 9 o N. Ch-tlhn, a fortified castle of Switzerland, in the canton of Vaud, on a peninsular rock, at the E. *nd of the lake of Geneva, 5 m. S. E. Vevay. C H I Chillwncotta, t. Hind, in Mysore, 20 m. I nabalarain. Chillumeal, t. Hind. 17 m. N. W. Cuddapah. Chilmark, t. Duke's co. on Martha's Vineyard Island, Mass. 90 m. S. by E. Boston. Pop. 695. In this town is the bluff, called Gary-head, Chilmary, t. Bengal, on the Brahmapootra river. Lon. 90 3' E. Lat. 25 2.V N . Chiluey, isl. in the Arabian sea, near the coast of Persia. 'Lon. 65 44' E. Lat. 2f> N. Chilo, t. Clermont co. Ohio, on the Ohio, 23 m. S. Williamsburg. Pop. 115. Chiloe, Archipelago of, a cluster of islands in a, large gulf or bay at the S. extremity of Chili. It consists of 47 islands, 32 of which are inhabited. Chiloe, the principal island, i between lat. 42 13' and 43 47' S. and is about 120 miles long. It it separated from the main land by a channel little more than a mile wide. Chilongery, t. Hind. 45 m. N. W. Seringa pa- tam. Chilpansingo, t. Mexico,- on the great road from Mexico to Acapulco. Chilques y Masques, province of Peru, bounded W. byCotabambn, N. by Abancay, and N. E. by Cuzco. The capital is Paruro. Chiltern Hills, a ridge of chalky hills in England passing nearly through the centre of tho county of Buckingham. Chilrers Colon, t. Eng. in Warwickshire. Chimara, s-p. Eu. Turkey, 36 m. S. Valona. Lon. 1 9 53' E. Lat. 40 1 9' N. Chimay,t. Netherlands, inllainault, on the riv- er Blanche Eau, 10 m. N. Rocroy. Pop. 2,083. Chimborazo, the most elevated summit of the Andes, is 100m. S. W. Quito. Lat. 120'S. It rises to the height of 21,440 feet above the level of the sea, and for nearly 5,000 feet from its top is covered with perpetual snow. This vast mountain presents a most magnificent spectacle when seen from the shores ofthePacific ocean,with itsenormous circular summit projected upon the deep azure blue of the equatorial sky. It was ascended by Hum- boldt on the 23d June 1797, who with his party reached the height of 19,300 feet above the level of the sea, when their further progress was pre- vented by a chasm 500 feet wide. Here they were surrounded by a thick fog, and greatly incommo- ded by the extreme tenuity of the air, which was also felt intensely cold and piercing. Respiration was difficult, and blood oozed from their eyes, their lips, and their gums. The point on which they stood was higher than any ever before, at- tained by man. China, an extensive empire in the S. E. of Asia. The territories subject or tributary to the emperor of China are of vast extent, including Mandshuria and Mongolia proper, Thibet, and the whole of central Asia, between Hindostan on the S. and Asiatic Russia on the N. On the W. it is bounded by the Belur mountain*, which separate it from Independent Tartary. The country, however, described in the present article, is China proper, which is of much more limited extent, Iving be- tween 20 and 41" N. lat. and brlwcen 98 and 1*2* E. Ion. It is bounded E. :md S. by the sea, W. by Thibet, N. by Chinese Tartary, and contains about 1,300.000 sq. miles. T^e surface anponrsto be agreeably diver; :fied with hills and vallies, plains ;md mountains. One chain of mountains running- from west to east through the southern provinces, seems to be a prolongation of the Himmaleh range. C H I approaching the sea it turns to the north-east, and terminates on the coast a little south of the great river Yaag-tse-kiang. The north of China is also intersected by several chains of mountains, but their direction is unknown, as that part of the country has never been explored by Europeans. The climate is very different in different parts of the country. The heat in the southern provinces is greater than in Bengal, while in Pekin, near the northern frontier, snow lies oa the ground for three months of the year, and the climate is colder than under the same latitude in Europe. The principal cultivated production is rice, which is the general food of the people, the tea-plant, and the white mulberry for the productions of silk, which has long been one of the staples of the em- pire. The forests produce the camphor tree, tal- low tree, and paper mulberry tree. Agriculture is prosecuted with much care. Every spot is brought under cultivation ; even steep hills and mountains are converted into terraces, one above another, each supported by a mound of stone, while reservoirs are made at the top, in which rain is collected and conveyed down the sides to water the plants. Beds of coal in the province of Shan- tung supply the greater part of China with fuel. Copper abounds in the southwestern provinces, and mines of gold and silver are said to be co- pious. The public works of China are magnificent. No nation can produce a parallel to the great ca- nal, which runs in a continuous line from Pekin 500 miles to the Yang-tse-kiang. By means of the Yang-tse-kiang and one of its tributaries from the S. the navigation is continued to the frontier of the province of Canton. It is here interrupted by a range of mountains which runs across China, and which must be passed by land, but on the opposite side of the range travellers embark on another riv- er, which falls into the sea near Canton : so that between that city and Pekin, a distance of 1,000 miles the water communication is uninterrupted, except by a land journey of a single day. Smaller canals are almost innumerable. The great roads and bridges of China are likewise very magnifi- cent. But the most stupendous of all the public works of the Chinese is the great wall. This mighty rampart runs along the whole northern and part of the western frontier, and is carried over rivers upon arches, over plains, vallies and mountains, through a distance of 1,000 miles. It is built of brick and stone, usually !^5 feet high and so thick that 6 horsemen can ride abreast on the top. It is provided with towers at every little interval, and was designed as a barrier against the incursions of the Tartars. The period of its erection is vari- ously stated from 600 to 2000 years ago. The population of China has been a subject of much speculation. The number of 333,000,000 which was given by a mandarin to Lord Macart- ney, as founded on official data, seems abandoned JM all hands as an empty vaunt. Geographers now generally place it somewhere about 150,000,000. Tho government is an absolute des- - but is administered with much of the patri- archal spirit. The army is estimated at 810,000 in, of whom 210,000 are cavalry and 600,000 infantry. The revenue is reckoned by Barrow at 66,000,000. taers of government are called Manda- rins, and are divided into nine orders, the low- st of which are entrusted with the collection of the revenue, others are governors of cities, C H 1 179 and the highest class are governors of prov- inces or viceroys. There is no established reli- gion and no congregational worship, the govern- ment studiously avoiding and prohibiting every thing by which men can be assembled together. The system almost exclusively professed is that of Fo, which is distinguished by numerous images of departed worthies, some of gigantic size ; by pro- cessions, bells, beads, and tapers, forming a strik- ing resemblance to the Catholic rites. The Chris- tian religion has been introduced by the Jesuits, who at one time boasted of 300,000 converts, but their career has been stopped by that hostility to change which is so deeply fixed in the ruling pow- ers. The Chinese are of a mild, affable and quiet disposition. Among their good qualities are un- remitting industry, perseverance in their pursuits, exactness and punctuality in business, veneration for parents and ancestors,and a general good humour and courtesy of manners. Among their vices are an entire disregard of truth, and unparalleled skill iu the art of cheating. The Chinese display great ingenuity in the manufacture of porcelain, silks and satins, cot- tons, and a variety of little ornamental articles. Their paper and ink are also of a very superior quality. The internal commerce of China is un- rivalled in extent. The innumerable rivers and canals with which it is intersected, are covered with barges of every form a.^d dimension, inter- changing the productions of iae different provin- ces. Considerable commerce is also carried on with the Indian islands by the Chinese in their own junks, no vessel from these quarters being al- lowed in return to enter her ports. Foreign com- merce is viewed with a jealous eye. Europeans have only two points at which they are allowed to trade, one at Kiachta the emporium for the over- land trade of Russia, and the other at Canton. The management of the trade at Canton is vested in 10 or 12 persons, called the hong merchants, who are generally men of great wealth, and re- ceive the imperial license to trade with Europe- ans. All foreign cargoes pass through their hands, and they also provide the cargoes to be exported ; but though they thus enjoy a monopoly, yet as they are men of extensive dealings, they do not afford much reason to complain of their conduct. The principal exports are tea, silks, cottons, and china- ware. Among the principal exports are woollen cloths, furs, cotton, opium, and watches. China, t. Kennebec co. Maine, 20 m. N. Au-us- ta. Pop. 894. China, t. in the S. W. corner of Genesee co. N. Y. Pop. 780. China grove, p-v. Georgetown district, S. C. Chinampdta, t. Hind. Lon. 78 8' E. Lat. 9 41' N. Chinapalam, t. Hind, in Mysore. Lon. 77 44' E. Lat. 12 39' N. Chinapatam, the original name of Madras. Chwichanchi, v. Mexico, 10m. N. Merida. Chinchilla, i. Spain, in Murcia, 168 m. S. E. Madrid. Lon. 1 S2 7 W. Lat. 38 48' N. Pop. 4,500. Chinchon, t. Spain, in Segovia, 18 m. E. S E Madrid. Pop. 3,680. Chinchoor, t. Hind, in Aurungabad, on the road from Bombay to Poonah. Pop. 5,000. Chimftura, t. Bengal, 20 m. S. S. W. Dina^e- pore. Chindeput, t. and fortress, Hind, and cap of Chincleput district. It is situated on the N. E. 130 C H I C H I bank of the Palar river, 39 m. from Madras. Lon. 7955'E. Lat. 1256'N. Chine, La, v. Lower Canada, on the island of Montreal, 7 m. above the city. It is the centre of all the commerce between Upper and Lower Can- ada. Here the boats of the N. W. company com- mence their voyage for the interior country of America. It is intended to cut a canal from La Chine to Montreal, by which a direct communica- tion with the city will be opened, and the difficult passage of the rapid of St. Louis avoided. Chinnachin, t. Nepaul. It is the frontier town towards the N. W. Lon. 81 35' E. Lat. 30 29' N. Chinnook, r. N. America, runs into the N. side of Columbia river near its mouth. C/iinon, t. France, in Indre and Loire, on the Vi- enne. Lon. 14' 55" W. Lat. 47" 1 V N. Pop. 5,500. CFiinradurgam, fort, Hind, in Mysore. Lon. 78 2'E. LatlS'SS'N. Chinsura, the principal Dutch settlement in Bengal, on the W. bank of the Hoogly, 24 m. above Calcutta. In 1795 it was captured by the British, but has been lately restored. The Lon- don Society have 3 Missionaries here, and schools have been established on an extensive scale for the education of the natives. Lon. 88 28' E. Lat. 22 52' N. Chitlong, t. Nepaul. Lon. 85 52' E. Lat. 27 29' N. Chios. See Scio. Chiozza, or Cftioggia, isl. in the Adriatic, near the mouth of the Brenta. Pop. 20,000. The town of Chiozza is on the island, 14m. S. Venice. Chipiona, t. Spain, in Seville, near the mouth of the Guadalquivir. Chippenham, t. Eng. in Wiltshire, on the Avon, 13 m. E. N. E. Bath. Lon. 2 8'E. Lat. 51 27' N. Pop. 3,410. Chippeway, or Chepewyan Fort. See Chippe- wyan. Chippeway, v. Lincoln co. Up. Canada, on Ni- agara river, 10 m. above Queenston, 2 above Ni- agara falls. Chippeway creek runs into the Ni- agara at this place. The battle of Chippeway, July 5, 1814, was fought in the plain, on the south side of this creek. Chippeicay, t. Beaver co. Pa. Pop. 443. Chippeway, r. N. W. Territory, runs into the Mississipi at Lake Pepin, in Ion. 93 54' W. lat. 43 45' N. There is a short portage between this river and the Montreal, a water of Lake Superior. Chippeway, t. Wayne co. Ohio, 12 m. N. E. Wooster. Pop. 681. Chippeways, or Sauteurs, Indians, one of the most numerous and powerful tribes in N. Ameri- ca. About 5,700 of them dwell on Saganaw bay, in Michigan Territory ; the remainder are scat- tered in petty bands along the Northern border of the United States. They maintain a perpetual war with the Sioux. Chippewyan, Fort, N. America, at the S. W. end of Athapescow lake. Lon. 1 1 1 W. ' Lat. 68 40' N. Chippinz-tforton, t. Eng. in Oxford, 19$ m. N. W. Oxford. Chipping-Ongar, t. Eng. in Essex, 21 m. N. E. London. Chipping Sodbury, t. Eng. in Gloucestershire, 11 m. N. E. Bristol. Chiquitos, a numerous and warlike nation of Indians, in S. America. The territory which they inhabit extends from hit. 16 to 20 S. It is bound- ed on the W. by the province of Santa Cnr/. itf la Sierra, and on the east it extends to the Para- guay. Chirac, t. ! Vance, in Lozere, 3 m. S. W. Marvi- jols. Pop. 1,580. Chirambirn, point on the W. coast of S. Ameri- ca, in lat. 4" 15' N. Chirnzzo, r. Naples, runs into the Adriatic. Lon. 144'E. Lut.4242' N. Chiriqui, a district of Veragua, on Chiriqui river, which falls into the Pacific, in lat. 8 10' N. Chisme, or Cisme, (an. Cyslus,} s-p. Anatolia, in A. Turkey, separated by a narrow strait from the island of Scio. 40 m. N. Smyrna. Lon. 26 17' E. Lat. 38 24' N. Chisoin, t. France, 6 m. N. N. W. Orchies. Chiswell Isles, off the N. W. coast of America, in lat. 59 31' N. Ion. 21 1 10' E. Chiswick, v. Eng. in Middlesex, on the Thames, 5 m. W. London. Chitore, district, Hind, in Ajfcaere, bounded N. by Mewar, E. by Harrowly, S. by Jalore, and V v . by Sarowy, in about 25 N. lat. and between 74 and 75 E. Ion. Chitore, or Chelor, a celebrated fortress of Hin- dostan, the capital of the above mentioned dis- trict. This fort is on the top of a high mountain, and is considered a place of great strength. Chitpore, a village, constituting the N. part of Calcutta. Chitpore, t. Hind, in Gujerat, celebrated for its manufacture of chintzes. It is on Sursutty river, in lat. 23 45' N. Ion. 73 3' E. Chitries, s-p. on the S. coast of the Morea, in the gulf of Coron. Chitro, (an. Pydna,} t. Eu. Turkey, in Macedo- nia, 36 m. S. E. Edessa. Chitlagong, an extensive district in the S. E. of Bengal, between 21 and 23 N. lat. bounded E. by a range of mountains which divides it from the Birman empire, and W. by the sea. Its produc- tions are rice, salt, timber, ivory, indigo, cotton, hemp, pepper, coffee, spices, and wild elephants. The coast is much resorted to by the European in- habitants of Bengal, on account of the sea air and bathing. Its chief town is also called Chittagong, but more frequently Islamabad, which see. Chit- tagong being a frontier province, has frequently changed masters ; but in 1760, it was formally ce- ded to the British, who have here a military force, and a civil establishment. Pop. 1,200,000; half of whom are Mahometans, and half Hindoos. Chitlnpet, t. India, 75 m. S. W. Madras. Lon. 79 26' E. Lat. 12" 25' N. Clrittenden, co. Vt. on Lake Champlain, inter- sected by Onion river. Pop. 16,055 ; engaged in agriculture 2,007, ,in commerce 81, in manufac- tures 668. Chief town, B urlington. Chitlcnden, t. Rutland co. Vt. 30 m. N.W. Wind- sor. Pop. 5 2.'!. Chittenham, t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop. 956. ChitlfntiHgo crcrk, issues from a lake in Cazeno- via, and falls into Oneida lake. Chittledroog, a celebrated fort, Hind, in My- sore. Lon. 76 29' E. Lat. 14 10' N. Chittor, t. and fortress, Hind. 80 m. E. Madras. It was ceded to the British in 1801. Lon. 79 10 1 E. Lat. is-ia'N. Chittra, t. Hind. 100 m. S. by W. from Patria. Lon. 84 58' E, Lat. 24 14' N. C H O Chitway, t. Hindostan. Lon. 76 12' E. Lat. 10 23' N. Chiva, t. Spain, 15 m. W. N. W. Valencia. Chiva, a territory of Independent Tartary, W. of the Oxus, 280 m. E. of the Caspian. Chivasso, t. Piedmont, on the Po, 11 m. N. E, Turin. Pop. 5,450. Chiusano, t. Naples, 14 m. S. S. E. Benevento. Chiusij t. Italy, 40 m. S. S. E. Florence. Chobar, s-p. of Mekran, in Persia. 130m. S.W. Kej. Lon. 60 3' E. Lat. 25 20' N. Choco, a province of New-Granada, bordering on the Pacific ocean, and bounded N. by the prov- ince of Darien. Chocol, t. Bengal, on the Ganges, 35 m. E. Moorshedabad. Chocolate, r. N. W. Territory, runs into Lake Superior, 21 m. W. La Train river. Chocope, v. Peru, 30 m. N. Truxillo. Choctaw, or Choclahatchee, r. Florida, which rises in Alabama and discharges its waters into St. Rosa sound at the N. E. extremity. Choctaw Agency, Mississippi, 4 m. W. Pearl river, 120 N. E. Natches. Here is a post-oifice. Choctaws, Indians, whose country lies chiefly within the chartered limits of Mississippi, but also extends to Tombigbee river in Alabama. The N. boundary, which separates it from the country of the Chickasaws, is a line drawn from the Mis-, sissippi in lat. 34 N. due S. E. to strike the Tom- bigbee at the mouth of Ooktibbeha creek ; on the E. it is bounded by the Tombigbee, on the S. by a line running a little below the parallel of 32 N. lat. and on the W. the boundary line commences at a point a little east of Pearl river and proceeds due N. to the Natches road, thence to the head of Black creek down this creek till it reaches a lake, thence in a direct course so as to strike the Missis- sippi one mile below the mouth of Arkansas river, thence up the Mississippi to the parallel of 34 N. lat The soil is fertile and is watered by the Ya- zoo, Big Black and Pearl rivers in the upper part of their course. The number of the Choctaws is estimated at 25,000. Within a few years they have made great advances in civilization. They raise corn, cotton, and a great many cattle, and of- ten appear clad in cotton garments of their own manufacture. The American Board of Foreign Missions have a mission among these Indians. It was commenced in 1818 by members of the Cherokee mission, and does not yield to that mission either in the extent of its field of operation or in the funds for its en- dowment. With a view to the instruction of the Indians in the arts of civilized life, the Govern- ment of the United States have extended to it their patronage. The expenses of erecting a school- house and dwelling-house at the different establish- ments have been defrayed from the National treas- ury, and the sum of $1,000 annually is allowed to the Mission. The Choctaws, their Chiefs espe- cially, have from the beginning professed towards it the most friendly dispositions, and have recent- ly proved their sincerity, by the most unequivo- cal evidence. At a treaty held in 1816, they sold a portion of their country to the United States, for Which they are to receive $6,000 annually, in cash, for 17 years. The whole of this sum they have \ "to I to appropriate to the support of schools un- der the direction of the American Board. In Jan. 1822, according to the returns of the Su- penntendant, the number of the mission family was 36, and there were belonging to the mission C H O 181 135 acres of land improved, 18 horses, 7 yoke of oxen, 385 head neat cattle, 220 swine, several waggons, ploughs, &c. ; school houses, and other buildings were erected, and the number of pupils in the schools was 90. The two primary seats of the Mission are Elliot and Mayhew ; a school is also established at Newell, and requests have been made by the Indians for similar establishments in various other places. The Choctaws formerly owned the country lying between their present western boundary and the Mississippi, but in 1820 it was ceded by thm to the United States in exchange for lands in Arkansas. The Choctaw lands in Arkansas comprise the whole country between the Arkansas and Red rivers, bounded W. by Canadian river and E. by a meridian drawn through the lowest settlement on Arkansas river belonging to the Cherokees. Choctaw Trading- house, p-v. Alabama. Chocsin, t. and fortress of Russia, in Podolia, on the Dniester. It was included formerly 111 the Turkish province of Moldavia, but was ceded to the Russians in 1812. 110 m. N. N. W. Jassy. Lon. 26 35' E. Lat. 48 31' N. Chodzesen, t. Russia, in Posen, on the Netzo. Pop. 2,593. Chogdah, t. Bengal, 40 m. N. Calcutta. Choiseul, t. France, 12 m. N. E. Langres. Choisy, t. France, 12 m. N. Provins. Choisy le Rot, t. France, on the Seine, 5 m. S, Paris. Pop. 1,200. Chola,ial. off the E. coast of Africa, S. of Mon- fia, about 8 S. lat. Cholet, or Chollet, t. France, on the Mayenne, 1 1 m. S. Beaupreau. Lon. 54' 45" W. Lat 47* 5'N. Cholmogory, t. Russia, on an island in the Dwi- na, noted for its breed of black cattle, 30 m. S. Archangel. Cholmonddeifs Sound, on the E. coast of Prince of Wales' archipelago, in Clarence's strait. Lon, of the entrance, 228 17' E. Lat. 55 15' N. Cholula, city, New Spain, in the intendancy of Puebla. Before the invaHon of the Spaniards, when the Mexican government was in its glory, it contained 40,000 houses, and numerous temples. The great temple, erected on an artificial moun- tain, still remains. 80 m. E. Mexico. Pop. 13,000. Lon. 98 7' 45" W. Lat. 19 2' 6" N. Chomonchouan, lake, Canada, 219 m. N. W. Quebec. Lon. 75 40' W. Lat. 3920'N. Chonac. See Schonac. Chonad, t. Hungary, on the Marosch, 25 m. N, Temesvar. Chones, r. New Granada, falls into the Pacific, in lat. 33' S. Chongon, t. New Granada, 40 m. W. Guaya- quil. Chonos, isl. in the S. Pacific, near the coast of Chili ; about it are a number of small islands, called the Chonos archipelago. Lat. 44 to 47 S. Choorhut, t. Hind, in Allahabad. Lon. 81 48* E. Lat 24 29' N. Choper, r. Russia, which falls into the Don, near Choperskaia. Choptank, a large navigable river on the east- ern shore of Maryland, emptying into the Chesa- peake. Chopunnish, r. Missouri Territory, a branch of the Kooskooshee, in the Rocky mountains. Lon. 113W. Lat. 46 30' N. Chopersk, t. Russia, 140 m. W. Saratov. Chorasan. See Korassan. 182 C H R Chor-Essire, s-p. Persia, on the Persian gulf, 44 m. S. Bushire. Chorlcy, t. Eng. in Lancashire. The cotton manufacture is here carried on in its various branches. Coal, lead, alum, flag and mill stones abound in the vicinity. Pop. 5,182. 208 m. N. W. London. Choromborosj r. Buenos Ayres, runs into the Rio Duke, 20 m. S. W. Tueumau. Chota, p-v. Blount co. Geo. 33m. IV. Milledge- ville. Choiitri. See Cargo. Cho-ug. See Shogglc. Choul, Loicer, s-p. and fort, Hind, in Aurunga- bad. Lon. 72 4tj E. Lat. 18 36' N. Choul, Upper, s-p. and fort, Hind, in Aurunga- bad, 25 m. S. Bombay. Choumay, Cape, ou tho coast of Cochin-China, at the mouth of Choumay river. Lon. 107 57' E. Lat. 16 12'N. Chouse, t. France, on the Loire, 10 m. E. Sau- mur. Chou-an, r. N. C. is formed by the union of the Nottaway, Meherrin, and Blackwater rivers, and falls into the N. W. corner of Albemarle sound. It is 3 miles wide at its mouth. C ho wan, co. in Edenton district, N. C. on the N. side of Albemarle sound. Pop. 6,464 ; slaves 3,469 ; engaged in agriculture 2,151, in commerce 55, in manufactures 216. Chief town, Eden- ton. Chowarah, t. Hind, in Oude. Lon. 83 13' E. Lat. 26 30' N. Ckowpareli, t. Hind, in Lahore, on the Indus. Lon. 70 50' E. Lat. 32 10' N. Chow r ij. See Nicobar Islands. Chrigiburg, t. Prussia, 12 m. S. E. Marienburg. Christchurch, t. Eng. in Hampshire, between the Avon and the Stour, 100 m. W. S. W. Lon- don. Cltristchurch, a parish, in Charleston district, S. C. Christian, co. in the S. VV. part of Ken. on Cumberland river. Pop. 10,459 ; slaves 3,491 ; engaged in agriculture 2,625, in commerce 23, in manufactures 228. Chief town, Hopkins- vine. Christian, t. Lawrence co. Arkansas. Pop. 1,222. Christian Sound, a large arm of the Pacific ecean, N. of Cape Decision. Lon. 225 50' E. Lat. 56 13' N. Christiana, or Christiana-bridge, p-t. Newcas- tle co. Del. on Christiana creek, 12 m. fr. Elkton, 9 S.W.Wilmington, 37 S. W. Philadelphia. It is the greatest carrying-place between the naviga- ble waters of the Delaware and Chesapeake, and drives a brisk trade with Philadelphia, in flour. Christiana creek, Del. unites with the Brandy- wine below Wilmington, and flows into the Dela- ware. It admits vessels of 14 feet draught to Wil- mington, and those of 6 feet draught to Christiana- bridge. Christiana, hundred, Newcastle co. Del. Pop. 8,355. Christiana, Great, isl. in the Grecian archipe- lago, 9 m. S. VV. Santorini. Lon. 25 15' K. L*t. 36 20' N. Christiania, s-p. Norway, at the bottom of a gulf, which penetrates 50 miles into the interior of the country. It is the seat of the governor of the province of Aggerhuus, of a supreme court of justice, and of a bishop who is metropolitan of C H U .Norway. Here are a military hospital, erected in 1806, an university, a military school, and two theatres. This town has an excellent harbor, and carries on a considerable trade. A great annual fair is held here 011 13th January. 250 in. W. Stockholm. Lon. 10 48' 45" E. Lat. 59 55' 20'' N. Pop. 9,000. Ckriltianopie, s-p. Sweden, on a peninsula, 36 m. S. W. Calmar. Lon. 16 E. Lat. 56 13' N. Christ iimsand, one of the 4 provinces of Nor- way, in the S. W. part. Sq. miles 14,877. Pop. 140,000. Christiansand, the capital of the above, is ou the S. coast, and was formerly one of the stations of the Danish navy. The island of Flekkerocn forms, with the mainland, a road several miles in length, where there is good anchorage. 220 m. N. W. Copenhagen. Lon. 8 3' E. Lat. 58 8' N. Pop. 5,000. Christiansborg, a Danish fort, on the Gold coast of Africa. Christiansburg, t and cap. Montgomery co. Va. 200 m. W. S. W. Richmond. Christians-Oe, a Danish island, in the Baltic. Lon. 14 47' E. Lat. 55 13' N. Christicinstad, province of Sweden, comprising the northern and eastern parts of Shonen. Sq. miles 2,310. Pop. 116,681. Christianstad, t. Sweden, 57 m. W. by S. Carls- crona. Lon. 14 9' E. Lat. 56 1' N. Pop. 2,260. Chrislianstadt, t. Prussia, on the Bober, 54 m. N. E. Dresden. Christiansted, t. Santa Cruz, on the N. side of the island, defended by a fortress. Lon. 63 23' W. Lat. 17 46' N. Christ iansund, s-p. Norway, in Drontheim. Lat. 63 6' 35" N. Christianmlle, p-v. Mecklenburg co. Va. Christ inaham, t. Sweden, at the N. E. extrem- ity of lake Wener, 16 m. E. Carlstadt. Pop. 2,020. Christinastadt, s-p. Russia, in Finland. Lon. 21 9' E. Lat. 62 16' N. Christmas Harbor, a good and safe bay, on the N. coast of Kerguelen's land. Christmas Island, in the Pacific, 15 or 20 leagues in circumference. Lon. 215 53' E. Lat. 59 57' N. Christmas Sound, a bay, on the S. coast of Ter- ra del Fuego. Lon. 70 16' W. Lat. 55 27' S. Chroma, r. Siberia, falls into the Northern ocean. Lon. 139 14' E. Lat. 73 N. Chrudim, a circle of Bohemia. Pop. 245,000. Chrudim the capital, is on the Chrudimka, 50m. E. Prague. Lou. 15 40' E. Lat. 49 53' N. Pop. 4,514. Chrudimka, r. Bohemia, which falls into the Elbe near Konigingratz. Chuapa, r. Chili, which runs into the Pacific ocean, in S. lat. 31 40'. Chucuito, a province of Buenos Ayres, 75 miles long, and about 50 broad, on the shores of the grout lake Chucuito, or Titicaca. Chnruita, the capital, is in lat. 16 30' S. Ion. 70 30' W. Chucuila, or Titicaca, a lake of S. America, be- tween the two Cordilleras of tho Andes, in the N. VV. part of Buenos Ayres. It is 240 miles in cir- cumference. There arc several islands in the lake, in the largest of which the Incas formerly had a magnificent temple dedicated to the sun. S. lat. from 15" 35' to 17' J 20'. Chudleigh, t. Eng. 9 m. W. S. W. Exeter. Chumbirilcas, t. Peru, 90 m. W. Cusco. C I N Chumkitfi, t Eng. in Devonshire, on the Dart, 194 m. W. London. Cliunnr, district, Hind, in Allahabad, between 25 and 26 N. lat bounded N. by the Ganges. Chunargur, t. and celebrated fortress, Hind, in Allahabad; on the Ganges, in lat. 25 9' N. Ion. C- 54 X E. The fort is built on the top of a solid rock, which projects into the river. It was ceded to the British in 1763. The town of Chunar is east of the fort, and within reach of its guns. Near the town are quarries of excellent free stone for building. It is a station of the invalids of the British army, and the Church Missionary Socie- ty have schools and missionaries here. Chunquen, isl. near the coast of Chili. Lat. 44* 50' S. Chupparah, t. Hind, in Allahabad, on Bein Guaga river. Lon. 80 2' E. Lat. 22 22' N. Chuprah, t. Hind, in Bahar, on the N. bank of the Ganges. Lon. 34 46' E. Lat. 25 46' N. Chuquibamba, t. Peru, cap. of Condesuyos de Arequipa, 4 leagues from Cumana. Chuquisaca. See Plata, (La,.) Church, Stales of the. See States of the Church. Church creek, t. Dorchester co. Md. at the head of Church creek, a branch of Hudson river, 7 m. S. W. Cambridge. Church Hill, p-v. Queen Anne's co. Md. 8 m. N. E. Centreville. Church Hill, p-v. Spartanburg co. S. C. Churchill, Cape, in Hudson's bay. Lon. 95 5' W. Lat. 58 54' N. Churchill River, Missinnippi, or English river, r. N. America, which falls into Hudson's bay, in lat. 59 N. at Churchill fort. Church Slretlon, t. Eng. 13 m. S. Shrewsbury. Church town, p-t. Lancaster co. Pa. 20m. E. N. E. Lancaster, 50 W. N. W. Philadelphia. Churco, s-p. Caramania, 20 m. E. Selefke. Churwalden, v. Switzerland, 5 m. S. E. Caire. Chusistan, province, Persia, bounded N. by Imk Agemi, E. by Farsistan, S. by the gulf of Per- bia, and W. by the Tigris. Chutah Boggah, t. Bengal, 20 m. N. W. Bet- tiah. Lon. 84" 26' E. Lat. 26 53' N. Chuilergunge, t. Bengal, 32 m. S. S. W. Burd- wan. Lon. 87 38' E. Lat. 22 48' N. Chuwal, district, Hind, in Gujerat, between 23 and 24 N. lat. Janagur is the chief town. Cicacole, circar, Hind, on t.ne W. side of the bay of Bengal, between 17 and 20 N. Lat. and ex- tending about 60 miVs inland. It belongs to the British. Cicacole, the capital, is in Ion. 83 57' E. Lat. 18 21' N. Cicasica, a province of Buenos Ayres, bounded E. by Cochabamba, S E. by Paria and Oruro, S. W. by Pacages, and N. W. by Omasuyos. Pop. 50,000. The capital is of the same name. Cicero, t. Onondaga co. N. Y. on Oneida Lake, 8m. N. Salina, 57 W. Utica. Pop. 1,303. ftanow, t. Poland, 75 m. N. E. Warsaw. Ciechanotciec, t. Poland, 75 m. N. E. War- C I R 183 i-nitt, t. Spain, 22m. S. Siguenza. /. t. Austrian empire, cap. of the circle of ey, 130 m. S. S. W. Vienna. Lon. 15 24' 45" E. Lat. 4640'N. Pop. 2,100. Ciuibrisham, s-p. Sweden, 24 m. S. Christian- stadt. Onion*, mt. of the Appeninei. Height 7000 feet. Cinaloa, formerly a prov. of Mexico, but now forming the S. part of the Intendancy of Sonora. Cinaloa, t. Mexico, on Cinaloa river, which falls into the gulf of California. Lat. 25 50' N . Cincinnati, p-t. and cap. Hamilton co. Ohio, near the S. W. corner of the State, on the N. bank of Ohio river, 20 m. above the mouth of the Great Miami, 93 W. by S. Chillicothe, 175 N. E. Louis- ville, 102 N. N. E. Frankfort, 465 below Pitts- burg by water. Lon. 84 27' W. Lat. 39 6' N. It is regularly laid out, in a pleasant and healthy situation, and is one of the most flourishing towns west of the Alleghany mountains. The growth of Cincinnati has been rapid, almost without a parallel. In 1805, the population was 500 ; in 1810, 2,540; in 1815, it was estimated at 6,500 ; and in 1G20, it was 9,642. In 1821, it contained a court-house, 2 brick market-houses, 4 printing- offices, a steam flour-mill built of stone, 9 stories high ; a steam saw-mill, 1 woollen and 4 cotton factories. 2 glass-houses, a brewery, and several other manufacturing establishments ; 4 banks, a College edifice and 6 houses of public worship, 2 for presbyterians, 2 for methodists, 1 for episcopa- lians, and 1 for friends. The funds of the Lancas- terian school have lately been increased by a sub- scription of $30,000 and it is intended to erect it into a college. Among the literary and scientific in- stitutions are the Cincinnati College, the Medi- cal College, and the Western Museum Society whose object is to collect the natural and artificial curiosities of the Western country. Cincinnati is the most flourishing commercial town between Pittsburg and New-Orleans. About 130,000 bar- rels of flour were inspected here during the year ending April 1st. 1819, and more than 120,000 bushels of salt imported. A company has been re- cently formed for the purpose of importing goods directly from Europe, by the way of New Orleans. Cincinnati^, p-t. Cortland co. N. Y. 14 in. S. E, Homer, 140 W. Albany. Pop. 885. Cineji, t. Sicily, 20 m. W. Palermo. Cmgo/i, t. Italy, 22m. S. W. Ancona. Cinque Ports, sea-ports of England, on the coasts of Kent and Sussex : viz. Dover, Sandwich, Hithe, Romney, Hastings, Rye, Winchelsea, and Seaford. Their number was originally five ; the three last having been added subsequently to the first institution. They were bound, in considera- tion of certain privileges, to furnish a number of vessels, equipped and manned, to be at the dispo- sal of the sovereign in any emergency. Cintegabelle, t. France, 17m. S.Toulouse. Cinthianci) p-t. and cap. Harrison co. Ken. on a branch of the Licking river, 13 m. N. Paris, 24 N. Lexington. Pop. in 1810, 369. It contains a bank, academy, court-house and jail. Cintra, or Sinlra, v. Portugal, in Estremadura. It is chosen by the nobility and English resident* in Lisbon for a summer retreat. 15 m. N. W. Lisbon. Pop. 1,900. Cintruenigo, t. Spain, 9 m. N. W. Cascante. Ciotat, La, s-p. France, on the Mediterranean. It has a good harbour. The neighbourhood is fam- ed for excellent muscadel wine, which forms, with oil and fruit, the chief object of exportation. 12 m. S. E. Marseilles, 1 6 W . Toulon. Pop. 6,117. Circars, Northern, an extensive province of Hindostan, 60 miles broad, on the W. side of the bay of Bengal, between 15 and 20 N. lat. boun- ded S. E. by the sea, N. by Cuttack, and S. by the Carnatic. It was divided into five districts, or cir- ears, viz. Guntoor, Condapilly, Ellore, Rajamun- dry, and Cicacole. The country is very fertile, and produces all kinds of grain, tobacco, sugar, 184 C I T and cotton. The manufactures are salt, muslins, chintzes, calicoes, and other goods. Pop, 2,500,000, the greater part of whom ; are Hindoos. This country was ceded to the British in 1765, who have divided it into five districts or collectorships, over each pf which presides a European collector, judge, c. Circassia, a country of Asia, occupying a great part of the territory between the Black and the Caspian seas. It is on the N. declivity of the Cau- casian mountains, and bounded N. by the rivers Terak and Cuban. The limits of this country are very ill defined. The territory so designated, is actually filled with a multitude of small, indepen- dent, and hostile tribes. They acknowledge a species of vassalage to Russia, but they neither pay tribute nor perform military service ; and even indulge in regular plundering excursions in- to the Russian territories. The men are tall, and of an athletic, though slender form ; their fea- tures are expressive, their air haughty and mar- tial. The beauty of the females has been long cel- ebrated throughout Europe ; and Circassian cap- tives are considered as the brightest ornaments of an eastern seraglio. Cm-7/0, or Monte Circello, a promontory, Italy, in the Campagna di Roma, 28 m. W. Gaeta, 50 S. E. Rome. Circleriile, p-t. and cap. Pickaway co. Ohio, on the E. side of the Scioto, 26 m. S. Columbus, 19 N. Chillicothe. Lon. 81 W. Lat. 39 36' N. It i? situated on two contiguous mounds of earth, one circular, the other square ; the areas of which, together, contain nearly 20 acres. These mounds are artificial works, whose origin is unknown. The town is built principally on the circular mound, and hence derives its name. In the cen- tre of the circle is an elegant brick court-house of an octagonal form. Pop. 535. Lon. 82 55' W. Lat. 39 36' N. Circdlo, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, 8 m. S. S. E. Scalea. Lon. 15 55' E. Lat. 39 48' N. Cirencester, or Ciceter, t. and borough, Eng. in Gloucestershire, on the Churn, 89 m. N. W. Lon- don, 17 S. E. Gloucester. Lon. 2 W. Lat. 51 44' N. Pop. 4,540. Cirie, t. Piedmont, on the Doria, 8 m. N. N. W. Turin. Pop. 3,470. Cismone, t. Venetian territory, at the junction of the Cismone and Brenta, 24 m. N. W. Trevigio. Pop. 1,800. Citaddla, t. Venetian territory, 19 m. N. N. W. Padua. Pop. 6,000. Citeaux, or Cisteanx, t. France, 3 m. E. Nuits. Cittadella. See Ciudaddla. Cilta Ducale, t. Naples, 18 m. W. Aquila. Citta jVora, or Nuora, t Ecclesiastical State, 6 m. S. Loretto. Citla Nuova, maritime t. Istria, 60 m, E. Ven- ice. Lon. 13 20' E. Lat. 45 35' N. Pop. 832. Citta della Pievc, t. States of the Church, 69 m. N. Rome. Pop. 2,400. Citta Vecchia. See Malta. Citta Vittoriosa, or Borgo di St. Angela, a forti- fied t. Malta, on a narrow neck of land, with a trong citadel. It is sometimes considered as a suburb of La Valetta. City-point, p-t. and port of entry, in Bermuda hundred, Prince George co. Va. on James river, 20 m. below Richmond, 12 E. Petersburg, 100 above Hampton roads. Lon. 77 31' 30" W. Lat. 37 16' N. Vessels of burden lie at this place to C L A load, and receive the goods from Richmond in boats. Cimiella, t. and dutchy, Naples, 34 m. N. by W. Aquila. Ciuda della, or Jamna, t. Minorca, on the N. W. coast, about 30 m. fr. Port Mahon. Pop. 2,400. Ciudad, or Cividad Rodrigo, t. Spain, in Leon, on the Agueda. It is a barrier fort on the side of Portugal. On 10th of July, 1810, it surrendered to the French, and continued in their possession till 19th January, 1812, when it was taken by storm by the British under lord Wellington, after a siege of 11 days. 30 m. E. by N. Coimbra, 45 S. S. W. Salamanca, 110 W. Vladrid. Lon. 6 33' W. Lat. 40 52- N. Pop. 11,000. Ciudad Real See Chiapa. Ciudad Real, t. Spain, in New Castile, cap. of La Mancha ; long noted for its manufacture of glove leather. 57 m. S. Toledo. Lon. 4 3' W. Lat. 39 N. Pop. 9,000. Cividad del Friuli, (an. Forum Juliurn,) t. Ve- netian territory, on the Natisone, 10 m. N. E. Udine. Pop. 4,000. Civita Borella, t. Naples, 50m. N. Capua. Civila Castellana, t. States of the Church, 24 m. N. Rome. Citita Ducale, or Reale, t. Naples, 13 m. N. W. Aquila. Pop. 8,747. Cm/a Lavinia, t. Ecclesiastical States, 4 m. fr. Veletri. Civita Lupardla, t. Naples, 2 m. N. Civita Bo- rello. Citita Mandonia, s-p. Naples, 15 m. N. N. E. Bisignano. Lon. 16 30' E. Lat. 39 52' N. Civita Vecdiia, s-p. Italy, States of the Church, and next to Ancona in commercial importance ; 35 m. N. E. Castro, 38 N. W. Rome. Lon. 11 44' 45' E. Lat. 42 5' 24" N. Pop. 12,000. Civray, t. France, in Vienne, 25 m. S. Poitiers. Pop. 1,484. Clackamus, r. Oregon territory, joins the Wal- laumut. Clackmannan, co. Scotland,, bounded S. E. by Fife, S. and S. W. by the river Forth, N. and E. by the county of Perth. It contains 48 square miles. Pop. in 1811, 12,010. Families 2,7 Jl, of which number 280 are engaged in agriculture, and 893 in trade and manufactures. Clackmannan, t. Scotland, in Clackmannan co. 2 m. E. Alloa. Pop. 3,605. Clagenfurt,t. Austrian empire, cap of the circle of Clagenfurt, on the Glaa, 2 miles E. of the lake of Worth. Pop. 10,000. 50 m. N. Trieste, 32 S. W.Vienna. Lon. 14 L 20' E. Lat. 46 37' 10" N. Claggon Bay, Ireland, on the N. coast of Gal- way. Claggon Point, its cape, is in lat. 53 34' N. Claiborne, co. Mississippi, on the Mississippi. Pop. 5,963 ; slaves 3,087 ; engaged in agriculture 1,983. Chief town, Port Gibson. Claiborne, co. E. Tennessee, on Clinch river. Pop. 5,508 ; slaves 377 ; engaged in agriculture 1,397, in commerce 9. Chief town, Tazewell. Claiborne. See Fort Claiborne.. Clairac, t. F ranee, 5 m. S. E. Tonneins. Pop. 5,900. Clamicy, t. France, at the conflux of the Yonne and Beuvron, 18 m. S. Auxerre. Pop. 5,250. Clan William, Missionary station, S. Africa, 250 m. N. Cape-town. Clara Elf. See Gotha Elf. C L A Clare, t. Eng. in Suffolk, on the Stour, 56 m. N. N. E. London. Pop. 1,170. Clare, co. Ireland, in the province of Munster, separated by the Shannon from the county of Lim- erick on the S. E. the Atlantic ocean encompasses it on the W. the bay of Galway bounds it on the N. and the counties of Galway and Tipperary on the E. Pop. 100,000. Ennis is the capital. Clare, v. Ireland, 17 m. N. W. Limerick. Clare, isl. Ireland. Lon. 9 23' W. Lat. 51 21' N. Claremonl, p-t. Cheshire co. N. H. on Connecti- cut river, opposite Windsor Vt. 11 m. N. Charles- town, 24 S. Dartmouth College. Pop. 2,2SO. Claremonl, co. in Sumpter district, S. C. Chief town, Statesburg. Clarence, or Willinck, p-t. Erie co. N. Y. on Tonnewanta creek, E. of Buffalo. Pop. 3,278. Clarence's (Duke o/,) Strait, on the N. W. coast of America, between Duke of York's islands, the continent and the isles of Gravina on the E. and Prince of Wales Archipelago on the W. Clarendon, v. Eng. in Wilts, 7.7 m. W. London, 3 N. E. Salisbury. Clarendon, p-t. Rutland co. Vt. 28 m.W. Wind- sor. Pop, 1,712. Clarendon, p-t. Genesee co. N. Y. Claret, t. France, 20 m. N. M ontpelier. Claret, t. France, 11 m. N. Sisteron. Claridon, t. Geauga co. Ohio. Pop. 398. Claritza, sp. Eu.Turkey, 20 m. E. Larissa. Lon. 2254'E. Lat. 39 45' N. Clarke, co. Geo. in the Western district, boun- ded N. W. by Jackson, S. W. by Apalachie river, and N. E. by the Oconee. Chief towns, Athens and Watkinpville Pop. 8,767; slav**s 3,461 ; en- gaged in agriculture L',756, m commerce 36, in manufactures 134. Clarke, co. Alabama, on the W. side of the Tom- bigbee. Chief town, WooJstown. Pop. 5,839 ; slaves 2,035; engaged in agriculture 1,820, in commerce '^ in manufactures 84. Cfarfee, co. Ken. Pop. 11,449; slaves 3,463 ; en- gaged in agriculture 6,423, in commerce 41, in manufactures 215. Chief town, Winchester. Clarke, . Ohio, formed m 1818, from Cham- paign and Green counties. Chief town, Spring- field. Pop. 9,533 ; engaged in agriculture 1,256; in commerce 6, in manufactures 221. Clarke, t. Brown co. Ohio. Pop. 1,892. Clarke, t. Clinton co. Ohio, 7 m. S. Wilming- ton. Pop. 1,210. '..-., co. Indiana, on the Ohio. Pop. 8,709; 1 in agriculture 1,590, in manufactures 389- Chief town, Charleston. Clark?., co. Illinois, bordering on Indiana. Pop. 931 ; engaged in agriculture 204, in manufactures Clarkf., co. Arkansas. Pop. 1,040 ; slaves 70 ; /-d in agriculture 250. ** ( /'trkfsborough, p-t. Jackson co. Geo. on a fork ef Ooonee river, 10 m. S. Jefferson. 'sburg, t. Berkshire co. Vlass. 33 m. N. N. > W. Boston. Pop. 274. Clartteibwrg, p-t. Montgomery co. Md 29 m. fr. - p-t and cap. Harrison co. Va. on t the Monongahela, 40 m. W. Mor- gmntown, Clarkesburg, t. Rossco. Ohio, 16 m. N.W. Chil- licothe. Vf a > ! -. C,i-i,1,r. r landco. Pa. Clarke's Fork, r. Missouri Territory, rises on 24 C L E 185 the E. side of the Rocky mountains, and falls into the Yellow Stone, in lat. 45 35' N. Clarke's river, Oregon Territory, rises in the Rocky mountains, and after a course of about 900 miles, joins the Columbia, 600 miles above its mouth. Clarkestown, p-t. and cap. Rockland co. N. Y. on the Hudson, 38 m. above New- York. Pop. 1,808. Clarkesville, p-t. Greene co. Pa. Clarkesrilh, t. Mississippi, on the Mississippi > 30 m. above Natches. Clarkesville, p-t. and cap. Montgomery co. Ten. on the N. side of Cumberland river, 30 m. below Nashville. Lon. 88 57' W. Lat. 36 25' N. Clarkesville, t. Clinton co. Ohio, 8 m. W. Wil- mington. Clarkesville, t. Clarke co. Indiana, at the foot of the falls of the Ohio, opposite Louisville, Ken. It has a safe harbour for boats, and was settled in 1783, but contains only about 40 houses. Clarkson, t. Monroe co. N. Y. Pop. 1,612. Clareland, Cape, on the E. coast of New Hol- land. Lon. 147 15' E. Lat. 19 S. Clai-erack, t. Columbia co. N. Y. 3 m. E. Hud- son. Pop. 2,813. Here is an academy. It has a very rich soil, and the inhabitants are wealthy farmers. The village is on Claverack creek, which falls into Kinderhook creek, 1 mile from the Hud- son. Clausen am Eisach, t. Tyrol, 9 m. S. W. Brixen. Clausenburg, t. cap. of Transylvania, and of Clausenburg co. on the Little Szamos, surrounded on all sides by lofty mountains. Pop. in 1797, 14,522. 145 m. N. N. E. Belgrade, 225 E. S. E. Vienna. Lon. 23 34' 43" E. Lat. 46 44' 8" N. Claijisnitz; t. Saxony, 14 m. S. S. E. Freyberg. Claaslhal, t. Hanover, in the Upper Hartz. Here is the silver mint for that part of the Hartz which belongs to Hanover. The inhabitants, who amount to 8,000, are almost all miners. 25 m. N. E. Nordheim. Lon. 10 20' E. Lat. 51 48' N. Clay, t. Eng. in Norfolk. Here are extensive salt-works. Pop. 595. 123 m. N. E. London. Clay, co. Ken. Pop. 4,393 ; slaves 285 ; engag- ed in agriculture 1,455, in commerce 4, in manu- factures 119. Chief town, Manchester. Claye, t. France, in Seine, 15 m. E. Paris. Clay ponds, place on Cape Cod, Mass, on which a light-house is erected, about 200 feet high. Claysville, p-v. Washington co. Pa. Clayton, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 2 m. S. W. Brad- ford. Pop. 2,469. Clayton, t. Perry co. Ohio, 8 m. E. Somerset. Pop. 907. Clayton's store, p-v. Campbell co. Va. Clear, Cape, Ireland, the S. extremity of the island of Clear. Lon. 9 24' W. Lat. 51 19' N. Clear creek, Ohio, empties into the Miami from the E. below Franklin. Clear creek, t. Fairneld co. Ohio, 9m. S. W. Lancaster. Pop. 1,174. Clear creek, t. Warren co. Ohio. Pop. 2,444. Clear creek, t. Richland co. Ohio. Pop. 309. Clearjield, co. in the central part of Pa. on a creek which runs into the W. branch of the Susquehan- nah. Pop. 2,342 ; engaged in agriculture 708, in commerce 1. Clearfidd, t. Butler co. Pa. Pop. 515. Clecy, t. France, in Calvados, 10 m. W. Falaise. Pop. 2,141. 186 C L E Cledagh, the name of several rivers in Wales. Of these, one falls into the Usk,in Monmouthshire; anotherinto the Neath, in Glamorganshire ; anoth- er into the Muthvey, in Caermarthen shire ; and another into the Clethy, in Pembrokeshire. Ckes, Les, t. Switzerland, 8 m. S. W. Yverdun. Cleguerec, t France, in Morbihan, llm. N. W. Pontivy. Pop. 4,000. Cleobury, or Cleobury Mortimer, t. Eng. in Shrop- shire, on the Teme. Pop. 1,582. 7m. S. W. Ten- bury. Clerke's Island, in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 190 30' E. Lat. 63 15' N. Clerk's Rocks, a cluster of rocky islets in the At- lantic ocean, about 37 m. S. E. of the island of Georgia. Lat. 55 S. Clermont, t. France, in Puy de Dome. The ca- thedral which stands on the centre of the town is one of the finest in France. The commerce of this place is considerable; it is the entrepot of the great- est part of the trade carried on between the S. W. part of France and Paris, as well as that carried on between Lyons and Bordeaux. From it like- wise several neighboring departments receive the greatest part of their imports. Here are manufac- tures of paper, hats, leather, pottery, linen, serge, ratteens, druggets, and other woollen stuffs. 50 m. S. Moulins, 78 W. Lyons, 232 S. Paris. Lon. 3 5'E. Lat. 45 46' N. Pop. 30,379. Clermont, t. France, 9 m. W. Agen. Clermont, v. France, 12m. N. Grenoble. Clermont, v. France, 8 m.from Limoux. Clermont, t. France, 12 m. W. S. W. Verdun. Clermont, t. Savoy, 25 m. N. Chamberry. Clermont, t. Columbia co. N. Y. on the Hudson, 15m. below Hudson, 45 below Albany. Pop. 1,164. The elegant country-seat of the late Robert R. Livingston is in this town. Clermont, co. S. W. part of Ohio, on Ohio river. Pop. 15,820; engaged in agriculture 2,824, in com- merce 30, in manufactures 727. Chief town, Wil- liamsburg. Clermont en Beauvaisis, t. France, 38 m. N. Paris. Pop. 2,100. Clermont Lodei-e, t. France, 12 m. W. Montpelier. Pop. 5,430. Clethy, r. Wales, which joins the Dungledy, 4 m. N. Pembroke. Cleveland, a district, Eng. in Yorkshire, on the borders of Durham. Cleveland, p-t. and cap. Cuyahoga co. Ohio, at the mouth of Cuyahoga river, on Lake Erie, 54m. N. W. Warren, 150 N. E. Columbus, 60 E. San- dusky, 180 W. Buffalo, 131 N.W. Pittsburg. Pa. Lon. 81 46' W. Lat. 41 31' N. Pop. 606. It has a bank. It is favourably situated for trade, and is one of the principal places for embarkation on the Lake. Cleves, formerly a dutchy in the circle of West- phalia, on the frontier of Holland, lying on both sides of the Rhine, and containing 880 square miles, with a population of 125,000, and yields a yearly revenue of more than 200,000/. ster,- ling. It now forms a part of the province of Ju- liers-Cleves-Berg, which belongs to the king of Prussia. Clects, or Cleve, the capital of the district of Cleves, in the province of Juliers-Cleves-Berg, is pleasantly situated, about 2i miles from the Rhine, (with which it has communication by a canal,) and nearly 8 miles from the Maese. 12 m. S. E. Nimejuen, 65 N. W. Cologne, 70 S. E. Am- C L I sterdam. Lon. 6 1' 6" E. Lat. 51 47' 40" N. Pop. 5,000. Cleves, t. King George's co. Va. on the Rappa hannock,2m. N. Port Royal. Ckres, t. Hamilton co. Ohio, at the N. bend of the Ohio, 16 m. W. Cincinnati. Ckw Bay, on the W. coast of Ireland. Lat. 53 C 49' N. Clifford, p-t. Susquehannah co. Pa. Pop. 681. Clifton, v. Eng. in Gloucestershire, 1 m. W. Bristol. It can scarcely be exceeded in romantic scenery. Pop. in 181 1, 6,981. Clifton,t. Eng. 5 m. N. Manchester. Chfton, v. En?, in Yorkshire, in lat. 53 27' 32" N. Ion. 1 12'23' r W. Clifton, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, on the head waters of the St. Francis. Clinch, r. Ten. rises in Virginia, and running S. W. into Tennessee, unites with the Holston at Kingston, to form the Tennessee. It is navigable for boats 200 miles. Clinch mountain, Ten. divides the waters of Clinch and Holston rivers. Clingen, t. Germany, in the principality of Swarzburg-Saundershausen, on the Elbe. Clinovo, or Kliuno, t. Turkish Dalmatia; 30 m. E. N. E. Spalatro. Clinton, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada. Clinton, t. Lincoln co. Up. Canada, on Lake On- tario. Clinton, p-t. Kennebec co. Maine, 26 m. N.Au- gusta. Pop. 1,356. Clinton, co. in the N. E. part of N. Y. bounded N. by Canada, E. by Lake Champlain, S. by Es- sex co. and W. by Franklin co. Pop. 12,070 ; en- gaged in agriculture 3,044, in commerce 119, in manufactures 763. Chief town, Plattsburg. Clinton, p-t. Dutchess co. N. Y. on Hudson riv- er, below Hudson. Pop. 6,611. It contains 3 post-villages, Staatsberg, Pleasant Valley, and Hyde-park, and 8 houses for public worship, 3 for Quakers, 2 for Presbyterians, 1 for Dutch Reform- ed, 1 for Baptists, 1 for Episcopalians ; and has ma- ny manufactures. Clinton, p-v. Oneida co. N. Y. in the N. part of the township of Paris, pleasantly situated on Oris- kany creek, 9 m. W. S. W. Utica, 109 W. N. W. Albany. Hamilton college, near this village, was incor- porated in 1812, and has been liberally patronized by the legislature, and by individuals. It has a president, and 3 professors, viz. 1 of languages, 1 of mathematics and natural philosophy, and 1 of chemistry, 2 tutors, a library of about 2,000 vol- umes, and 100 students. The college buildings are about a mile west of the village on a high hill, commanding a very extensive prospect. They consist of an elegant stone edifice 4 stories high, containing 32 rooms for students; another 3 stories, containing a chapel, library room, and laboratory; and a dining hall. Clinton, p-t. and cap. Jones co. Geo. 20 m. W. Milledgeville. Clinton, p-t. Anderson co. Ten. on the N. side of Clinch river, N. W. Knoxville. Clinton, co. Ohio, between Warren and Fayette counties. Pop. 8,085 ; engaged in agriculture 1,315, in commerce 12, in manufactures 168. Chief town, Wilmington. Clinton, p-t. Knox co. Ohio, on Owl creek, l$m. N. W. Mount Vernon, 44 N. E. Columbus. Pop. 834. C O A Clinton, t. Franklin co. Ohio,3 m. N. Columbus. Pop. 518. Clinton, t. Jackson co. Ohio. Pop. 338. Clintonville, p-v. Onondaga co. N.Y. Clissoj v. Dalmatia, 10 m. N. Spalatro. Clisson, t. France, in Lower-Loire, 13 m. S. E. Nantes. Lon. 1 12' W. Lat. 47 3' N. Clitck, isl. in the E. Indian ocean. Lon. 117 1' E. Lat. 8 9' S. Clithers,t. Eng. in Lancashire, 31 m. N. Man- chester. Cloche, La, a small isl. in Lake Huron. Lon. 81 48' W. Lat. 45 43' N. Clocfcville, p-v. Madison co. N. Y. Clodagh, r. Ireland, which runs into Lough Erne 8 m. S. Enniskillen. Clody, r. Ireland, which runs into the Bann,3m. S. Kilrea. Clogher, v. Ireland, in Tyrone co. It is the see of a bishop. 70 m. N. N. W. Dublin. Lon. 7 5' W. Lat 54 25' N. Clogher Head, cape, on the E. coast of Ireland. Lon. 6 12* W. Lat. 53 47 N. . Clolugh, r. Ireland, which runs into the Suir, 7 m. W. N. W. Waterford. Clonakilly, t. Ireland, 20 m. S. W. Cork. Clonmell, t. Ireland, on the Suir, which is navi- gable to Waterford, 22 m. W. N. W. Waterford. Lon. 7 4^ W. Lat. 52 14' N. Clonmess, isl. on the N. W. coast of Ireland, 25 m. N. W. Londonderry. Clontare, v. Ireland, 24 m. N. E. from the castle of Dublin. Closter-Seven, t. Germany,24m.N.N.E. Bremen. Clova. See Cortachy and Clova. Clover-dale, p-v, Botetourt co. Va. Closer-garden, p-v. Chatham co. N. C. Cloughmills, p-v. Laurens co. S. C. Clowey, lake, N. America. Lon. 106 15/ W. Lat. 62 20' N. It communicates by Clowey river with Slave lake. Cloyne, t. Ireland. 12 m. E. Cork. It is a bish- op's see. Cluden,or Cairn, r. Scotland, which runs into the Nith, 3 m. N. Dumfries. Clugny, isl. in the Indian ocean. Lon. 68 40' E. Lat. 48 46' S. Cluny, or Clugni, t. France, in Saone-and-Loire, 46 m. N. N. W. Lyons. Lon. 4 40' E. Lat. 46 26' N. Pop. 4,200. Cluse, La, t. Savoy, 23 m. S. E. Geneva. Pop. 1,768. Clusone, t. Italy, 18 m. N. E. Bergamo. Pop. 3,077. Clwyd, r. Wales, in Denbighshire, which falls in- to the Irish sea, 6 m. below St. Asaph. Clyde, r. Scotland, rises in the S. part of Lanark- shire, and passing by Lanark, Hamilton, Glasgow, Renfrew, Dumbarton, c. forms an arm of the sea, called the frith of Clyde. It is navigable to -'OW. Clyde, r. Vt. runs into Lake Memphramagog, in Df-rby. Clydesdale. See Lanark. Clymer, t. Chatauque co. N. Y, Clythncu, capp, Scotland, on the coast of Caith- ness. Lon. 3 18' W. Lat. 58 20' N. Coa, r. Portugal, which falls into the Duero, 12 m. S. St. Joanno de Pesquiera. Coa, isl. in the E. Indian sea. Lon. 121 51' E. Lat. 8 50- S. Coalmines, p-v. Chesterfield co. Va. Coalsmout/i, p-v. Kenhawa co. Va. COB 187 Coanama, r. Guiana, which runs into the Atlan- tic. Lon. 54 W. Lat. 5 35' N. Coanawini, r. Guiana, which runs into the At- lantic. Lon. 51 56' W. Lat. 2 55' N. Coango, r. W. Africa, and one of the principal tributaries to the Congo or Zaire. Coanza, r. W. Africa, which runs into the At- lantic. Lon. 13 20' E. Lat. 9 30' S. Coari, or Carori, r. S. America, which falls into the Amazons in about 4 5' S. lat. Coast, Cape. See Cape Coast. Coatesville, p-v. Chester co. Pa. Coatlan, r. Mexico, which runs into the Pacific ocean. Lat. 15 12' N. Coavo, r. E. Africa, which falls into the Indian ocean. Lat. 8 40' S. Cobagua, isl. in the Caribbean sea, near the coast of S. America. Lon. 64 26' W. Lat. 10 50' N. Coban. See Vera Pas. Cobbe, t. Africa, in Darfur ; a place of consider- ble commerce. Pop. 6,000, chiefly foreigners from Egypt, Sennaar, and other eastern countries. Lon. 288 / E. Lat. 14 11' N. Cobbesseconte, r. Kennebec co. Maine, is formed of tAvo branches which unite in Gardiner, and falls into* the Kennebec. Cobelskill, or Cobuskill, p-t. Schoharie co. N. Y. on Cobus creek, 7 m. W. Scoharie, 35 fr. Albany. Pop. 2,440. Cobham, t. Surry co. Va. on the S. bank of James river, opposite Jamestown, 8 or 9 m. S. W. Wil- liamsburg. Gobi, an immense desert, in Chinese Tartary, lying N. W. of China proper. The Chinese call it Chamo or Shamo. It extends from 88 to 112 E. Ion. and is nearly 2000 miles long by 500 broad. Area about 1,000,000 square miles. It contains numerous salt lakes, and is destitute of vegetation, except on the scattered oases or fertile spots, where a few wandering savages obtain a scanty subsist- ence. Cobijah, s-p. Peru, near Atacama. Lat. 22 25' S. Coblentz, t. of the Prussian states, cap. of the province ofthe Lower Rhine, and the former capi- tal of the electorate of Treves, stands in a delight- ful country, at the conflux of the Rhine and Mo- selle, opposite the fortress of Ehrenbreitstein. The situation of the place is highly favorable for trade, as it has direct communication with France by the Moselle, and with Germany and Switzer- land by the Rhine. 36 m. N. W. Mentz, 48 S. E. Cologne, 54 N. E. Treves. Lon. : 733' E. Lat. 50 22' N. Pop. 10,500. Coblentz, t. Switz. 10 m. N. N. W. Baden. Cobra River. SeeJlncober. Cobscook bay, Maine, in Lubec ; it is a western arm of Passamaquoddy bay, with which it com- municates through a strait between Lubec and Eastport called Cobscook river. Coburg, or Saxe-Coburg, a dutchy, Germany, consisting principally of three territories detached from each other. 1 . The principality of Coburg which is surrounded by Bavaria, Saxe Meinungen, Rudolstadt and Saxe-Hildburghausen. 2. The principality of Saalfield, which lies between Ru- dolstadt and Reuss. 3. The newly-acquired lord- ship of Baumholder, on the west side ofthe Rhine, between the Bavarian circle of the Rhine, the Prussian territories and the small districts belong- ing to Oldenburg and Hesse-Homburg. These three divisions are nearly equ^xl in extent and- 188 c o c population, and contain in all 594 square miles and 80,012 inhabitants. The prevailing re- ligion is the Lutheran in the two first divisions, and Roman Catholic in the lordship of Baum- holder. Coburg, the capital of the foregoing dutchy, is ontheltzor Istch. It is the ordinary residence of the duke, and has a celebrated academy. 23 m. N. Bamberg, 40 S. S. W. Weimar, 100 E. N. E. Frankfort on the Maine. Lon. 10 58 E. Lat. 50 15' 18" N. Pop. 7,000. Coca, t. Spain, 22 m. N. W. Segovia. Coca, r. S. America, in Quito, formed by the different streams which rise m the mountain des- ert of Cotopaxi. It holds for a great extent on a parallel course with the Nato, into which it falls about 200 leagues before its junction with the Amazon. Cocconato, t. Piedmont, 20 m. N. Asti. Cochabamba, province, Buenos Ayres, bounded N. by the Andes, S. E. by Mkque, S. by Charcas, S. W.by Oruro, W. and N. W. by Cicasica. It is small, but wonderfully fertile, producing grain and sugar in abundance. The inhabitants are active and industrious, and during the late wars in Europe, supplied the whole interior with glass and cotton manufactures. Sq. miles, 3,400. Pop. 100,000. Cochc, isl. one of the Caribees. Lon. 64 W. Lat. 10 45' N. Cocheco.. or Dover river, N. H. runs into the Pis- cataqua, 4 m. below Dover. Cocheim, t. Germany, on the Moselle, 27 m. S. W. Coblentz. Lon. 7 7' E. Lat. 50 12' N. Cochin, a small province of India, on the W. side of the peninsula, bounded N. by Calicut, E. by Dindigul, S. by Travancore, and W. by the sea. Its chief products are rice, pepper, cocoa nuts, and teak timber. The rajah is under the protection of the British. Cochin, s-p. Hind, and cap. of Cochin, is on an island at the mouth of the Cali Coylang river. It was founded by the Portuguese in 1504, taken by the Dutch in 1663, and retained by them till 1795, when it was taken by the English, who still hold it. An extensive commerce is carried on with Arabia, Persia, Bengal, and the sea coast of India. Lon. 76 8' E. Lat. 9 58' N. Cochin-China, a country, in the S. E. of Asia, forming part of the peninsula between China and Hindostan. It lies between 1 1" and 17 N. lat. and is bounded N. by Tonquin, E. by the China sea, S. by Cambodia, and W. by Laos. It consists of a narrow plain, 400 miles long, included between the sea coast and a chain of mountains. This plain is of most exuberant fertility, yielding abun- dantly all the tropical productions, but more par- ticularly rice and sugar. Pop. including Cambo- dia, Laos and Tonquin, 18,000,000. The inhabit- ants are courteous and affable and treat Europeans with the greatest kindness. The government is despotic. The late sovereign, who died in 1820, is described as almost a second Peter the Great. In the course of ten years he raised his navy from a single vessel to 1,200 of various descriptions. He was equally active in improving the army, which amounts now to 1 13,000 men, of whom upwards of 40,000 are disciplined after the European system. He did much also in building bridges, facilitating all kinds of commercial intercourse, and promoting agriculture. His successor appears to be of the same spirit. The coast abounds with fine harbors. The trade is principally with China, to which are COG exported a vast quantity of sugar, woods, cane;:, spices, drugs and gold. CockraiCs store, p-v. Person co. N. C. CochransriUe,p-t. Chester co. Pa. Cochrane^ Point, on the M. VV. const of America, in Prince Williams sound. Lon. 212" 1C' E. Lut, 60 46' IS. Cockburnc, N. H. See Columbia. Cockburn Islands, near the N. E. coast of New Holland. Lon. 217 18' W. Lat. 11 52' S. Cockburns-path, v. Scotland, ?i m. S. E. Dun- bar. Cocke, co. E. Tennessee, on the S. side of French Broad river. Pop. 4,892 ; slaves 468 ; engaged in agriculture 1,408, in commerce 10. Chief town, Newport. CockemdCi s-p. Scotland, l m. N. E. Preston- pans. Cocker, r. Eng. joins the Derwent, at Cocker- mouth. Cockermouth, t. Eng. in Cumberland, at the con- fluence of the Cocker and Derwent, 12 m. S. by E. Keswick. Pop. 2,964. Coco, r. Mexico, falls into the Pacific. Lat. 7 8'N. Coco, isl. near the coast of Veragua. Lon. 82 30' W. Cocoa Island, part of the group of the Poggy islands, near the west coast of Sumatra. Lat. 2 29' S. CocoantU, t. Susquehamiah co. Pa. Pop. 508. Cocoa Nut Bay, on the W. coast of Roberts' isl- and. Lon. 219 48' E. Lat. 7 35' S. Cocoa Nut Point, the S. extremity of the island of Gilolo. Lon. 128 26' E. Lat. 44' S. Cocorccuma, isl. in the Spanish main. Lon. 82 26' W. Lat. 15 50' N. Cocos Island, in the Pacific. Lon. 273 6' E. Lat. 5" 35' N. Cocitmonf, t. France, 6 m. S. W. Marmande. Codbecl:, r. Eng. in Yorkshire, joins the Willow- beck at Dalton. Coddors, r. Asia, which falls into the Black sea. Lon. 42 14' E. Lat. 44 N. Code, r. Panama, runs into the Spanish main, in Ion. 80 35' W. Codogno, (Cotoneum^) t. Lombardy, near the conflux of the Adda and the Po, 4 m. W. Pizzighi- tone. Pop. 8,000. Codohtn, Cape, on Formentera, one of the Pi- thyusse islands. Lon. 1 30' E. Lat. 38 41' N. Codolsberg, t. Bavaria, 8 m. W. Nuremberg. Codorus, r. York co. Pa. runs into the Susque- hannah. Codorus, t. York co. Pa. on the Codorus. Pop. 2,183. Codrell, isl. off the coast of Minorca. Codropio,i. Italy, in Friuli, on the Stella, 10 m. S. S. VV. Udina. Coo".? Ferry, p-v. W abash co. Illinois. Cut-' . Sr .-Uli^lnir. Coerordfn, fortified t. Netherlands, on the river A a. It is one of the strongest fortresses of Holland, forming UK- \<( \ to C.roningen,Overyssel and Fries- land. 30m., -.(.roningcn. Lon. 6"33'E. Lat. 5242'N. Coei/w.s 1 , 1. Fi ancc, I! in. S. \Y. Soissons. Coeymans, p-t. All am co. .N. Y. on the Hudson. llm. below Albany. Pop. 2,872. Coeze, t. Savoy, 10m. S. E. Chamberry. ( ^ffe^'/ern^ p-v. Pulaski co. Ken. Cogazsa, t. Lombardy, 6 m. N. N. W. Brescia. Cogxcshall, t. Eng. in Essex, on the Blackwater. 44 m. N. E. London. Pop. 2,47 1. COL Coghnaicaga, Indian village, Huntingdon co. Lower Canada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence. Pop. 900. Here is a church, and a missionary's house. Cognac, or Coignac, t. France, in a fertile tract, on the Charente. Here is made the famous Cog- nac brandy. 300 m. S. S.W. Paris. Lon. 019'51" W. Lat. 45 41' 49" N Pop. 2,850. Cogni. See Conieli. Cogueto, or Cogorelo, t. Genoese territory, said to be the birth place of Columbus. 9 m. E. S. E. Savona. Cohansy, or Ccesarea creek, N. J. rises in Salem co. and passing through Cumberland co. falls into Delaware river, opposite Bombay Hook. It is navigable for vessels of 100 tons to Bridgetown, 20 m. from its mouth. Cohasiet, s-p. and p-t. Norfolk co. Mass. 25 m. E. Dedham, 25 S. E. Boston. Pop. 1,099. Cohas- set rocks, which have been fatal to many vessels, lie off" this place, 3 m. from the shore. Coimbdoor, a district, in the S. of India, between 10 and 12 N. lat. bounded S. by Dindigul, E. by Salem and Kistnagherry, N. by Mysore, and W. by Malabar. It has been in ths possession of the English since 1799, and is governed by a European judge, collector, &c. under the pres- idency of Madras. Coimbetoor, the capital, is defended by a citadel. Lon. 77 6' E. Lat. 10 58' N. Coimbra, city, Portugal, cap. of Beira, on the N. bank of the Mondego, which is here crossed by an elegant stone bridge. It is the see of a bishop, and has a cathedral, 8 parish churches, and sev- eral convents, and a celebrated university. The university consists of 18 colleges, v/ith 39 pro- fessors, and on an average, 800 students. This place was formerly the residence of the kings of Portugal. 60 m. S. S. E. Oporto, 96 N. N. E. Lisbon. Lon. 8 24' 44' W. Lat. 40 12' 30'' N. Pop. 11,871. Coincy, t. France, 6 m. N. Chateau Thierry. Coire, t. Switzerland, cap. of the canton of the Grisons, on the Plessur, near its junction with the Rhine, which here begins to be navigable by rafts. 55 m. S. Constance. Lon. 9 25' E Lat. 46 50' N. Pop. 2,500. Coitsrilk, t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 16 m. S. E. Warren. Pop. 541. Cokalahiskit, r. N. America, rises in the Rocky mountains, and, after a course of about 300 miles, enters Clark's river, a branch of the Columbia, in Ion. 113 W. lat. about 47 N. Col de Balaguer. See Balaguer. Colaba, isl. on W. coast of Hind. 20m. S. Bom- bay. Colapoor, a small independent Mahratta state, on the W. coast of India, between 15 and 17 N.lat. lying directly N. of the territory of Goa. It is the only state on the W. coast totally independent of the British. Colapoor, the capital, is in lat. 15 Colar, t. Hind, and cap. of a small district of the roe name. 135 m. W. Madras, 35 E. N. E. Ban- Lon.7819'E. Lat. 13 8' N. -p. Tripoli, 90 m. S. E. Mesurata. --, s-p. of t!i tates, in Farther :iia, on the Persante, i a mile from its mouth, with a harbor in the Baltic, It is a fortress importance. 124 m. N. E. Berlin. Pop. 4,499. Lon. i.v 27 E. Lat. 54 8' N. ! f'.vince. Chili, extending from the Andes to thp Pacific, 120 miles long fromE. to W. COL 139 and 96 broad. The capital is San Fernando. Pop. 15,000. Colchester, t. Eng. in Essex, on the Colne. It has been encircled by walls, still partly standing, and contains a castle, which was a place 01 great strength. It has 12 parish churches. The princi- pal manufacture consists of woollen cloths,particu- larly baize. Vessels of 100 tons or more can come up to the town. Pop. 12,544. 18 m. S. S. W. Ipswich, 51 N. E. London. Colchester, t. Essex co. Up. Canada, on Lake Erie, at the mouth oi Detroit river. Colchester, t. ChittenJen co. Vt. on Lake Cham- plain, at the mouth of Onicn river, 5 in. N. Bur- lington. Pop. 860. Colchester, p-t. New London co. Ct. 15 m. W. Norwich, 25 S. E. Hartford. Pop. 2,152. Bacon Academy, in this town, was founded in 1801. Its funds are $SO,OOG. It is a flourishing institution, and has annually nbout 90 scholars. The acade- my-building is of brick, 75 feet by 34. Colchester, p-t. Delaware co. N. Y. 21 m. S. Del- hi. Pop. 1,064. Colchester, t. Fairfax co. Va. on Occoquam creek, 4 m. above its confluence with the Potomac, 1 6 m. S. W. Alexandria, 106 N. Richmond. The creek is navigable to this place for boats. Co!ding,or Koidingen, t. Denmark, in Jutland, on the E. coast. 24 m. N. E. ilipen, 65 JN .iN.W. Sleswick. Lon. 9 29' E. Lat. 55 30' N. Cold creek, Ohio, runs M . and falls into Sandus- ky bay, a little W. of Sandusky. Its source is a large spring in the township of ^vlargaretta cover- ing an acre and a half of ground. A number of mills are erected on the creek. Cole river, N. H. rund into Connecticut river at. Walpole. Cold spring, p-v. Cape May co. N. J. Cold-sprins cove, near Burlington, N. J. Cold-strewn mills, p-v. Hampshire co. Va. Cole river, Va. rims into the Kenhawa from the S. in Ion. 81 30' W. Colebrook Dale, valley, Eng. in Shropshire, on the banks of the Severn. Its iron works are the most extensive in England. 14m. S.E. Shrewsbury. Colebrook, p-t. Coosco. N. H. 40 m. N. Lancas- ter, 1 1 1 N. Concord. Pop. 470. Colebrook, p-t. Litchfield co. Ct. IB m. N. N. E. Litchfield. Pop. 1,274. Here are iron-works, and several mills on Still river, a water cf Farm- ington river. Colebrook dale, t. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 1,046. Cokraine, t. Ireland, on tho Bann, 4 miles from the sea. 25 m. E. N. E. Londonderry. Lon. 6 29' W. Lat. 55 8' N. Pop. 4,500. Cokraine, p-t. Franklin co. Mass. 5 m. N. W. Greenfield. Pop. 1,961. Cokraine, t. Lancaster co. Pa. Pop. 1,088. Cokraine, p-t. Bertie co. N. C. Cokraine, v. Camdcn co. Geo. on the St. Mary's river, 30 m. above St. Mary's. Colcraine, t. Bedford co. Pa. Pop. 986. Cokraine, t. Ross co. Ohio, 15 m. N. E. Chilli- cothe. Pop. 866. Coleraine,t. Hamilton co. Ohio, on Miami river, 15 m. above its junction with the Ohio. Pop.1,906. Cokraine) t. Belmontco. Ohio,N. E. Clairsville Pop. 778. Colesgrore, p-t. and cap. Pike co. Illinois. Cokshill, t. Eng. in Warwickshire, 10 m. E. Birmingham. Pop. 1,631. Coksville, p-t. Broome co. N. Y. Coksrilk, p-v. Montgomery co, Md. 190 COL Colesville, p-v. Chesterfield co. Va. Colford, t. Eng. Gloucestershire, 5 m. S. E. Monmouth. Colin, t. Bohemia, on the Elbe, 28 m E. Prague. Colinton, t. Florida, on the E. side of Apalachi- cola river, 18 m. from the bay. Collahuas, a province of Peru, directly N. of Arequipa. It is 52 leagues long, and 16 wide. The capital is Cailloma. Colleda, t. Germany, 12 m. N. Weimar. College Grant, Coos co. N. H. Pop. 33. College-hill, p-v. in Washington, D. C. Collen, t. Prussia, 18 m. S. E. Heilsberg. Collemore's ridge, a plantation in Lincoln co. Maine. Pop. 46. Colleton, district, S. C. Pop. 26,404 ; slaves 21,770; engaged in agriculture 1,060, in commerce 52, in manufactures 5. Chief town, Dorchester or Parker's Ferry. Collins, t. Erie co. N. Y. CoUinsriUe, p-v. Huntington co. Pa. Collioure, a strong t. France, in Eastern Py- renees, on the coast oi the Mediterranean, 15 m. S. E. Perpignan. Lat. 42 31' 32'' N. Pop. 1,178. CV'rt.. v, isl. in the straits of Malacca. Lon. 101 30' E. Lat. 3 2' N. Colrnar, t. France, cap. of Upper Rhine, on the Fecht and Laucht, which fall near this into the Thur. The latter river discharges itself into the 111, about a league from Colmar, and rendering it navigable, facilitates greatly the intercourse of the town with Strasburg. 34 m. S. S. W. Strasburg. Lon. 7 22' 26'' E. Lat. 48" 4' 44" N. Pop. 14,000. Colmenar de Ore/a, t Spain, in Toledo, 21 m. N. W. Talavera de la Reyna. Pop. 2,049. Colmenar Fiejo, t. Spain, in Guadalaxara, 28 m. N. Madrid. Pop. 4,000. Colmnilz, t. Germany, 6 m. E. Freyberg. Coin, r. Eng. which falls into the Thames at Staines ; another in Essex, which passes by Col- chester. Colnbrook, t. Eng. 17 m. W. London. Colne, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 32 m. N. Manches- ter. Pop. 5,356. Colnett, Cape, on the coast of New California. Lat. 30 57' N. Cologna, t. Austrian Italy, 20 m. S. Vicenza. Pop. 6,200. Cologn, a secularised archbishoprick and elec- torate of G ermany, which now forms part of the frand dutehy of the Lower Rhine, belonging to 'rusia. Length about 90 miles ; breadth 14. Pop. 217,000. Cologne, city, Germany, in Cleves-and-Berg, is built on the left bank of the Rhine, in the form of a crescent, close to the river, and fortified in the ancient manner. It has long held a conspicuous rank in Catholic Germany, both from the influ- enca of its university, and the number and zeal of its clergy. There are 9 collegiate churches, 2 ab- beys, 1 9 parish churches, 17 monasteries, 39 nun- neries, and 49 chapels. From its favourable situ- ation on the Rhine, it has been noted for its com- merce. The exports are wine, timber, earthen ware, slates, c. The principal manufactures are linen, woollen, and silk stuffs, with lace, thr'-.-i'l, and the famous Cologne water. 20 m. S. E. Dus- seldorf. Lat. 50 55' N. Pop. 54,938. Cologny, t. Switzerland, 2m. N. E. Geneva. Cologuola, t. Lombardy, 16 m. E. Bergamo. Colombia, a republic recently formed, compris- ing the countries of New Grenada and Caraccas. These two countries separately declared their in- COL dependence and were united by a law passed Dec. 17th,1819. The population in 1822 was 2,644,600. Colombo, the capital of Ceylon, and the seat of the British government on that island, is on the W. coast, in lat. 7 4' N. The city is regularly built, though few of the houses are above one story high. The inhabitants area mixture of all the nations of the east. The harbor is nothing more than an open road, affording safe anchorage only four months in the year, viz. from Decem- ber to April; but, previous to the change of the monsoon in May, all vessels are obliged to depart. The neighbouring district produces the best of cin- namon, which, with pepper, betel nut, ivory, and pearls, constitute the principal exports. The Baptists and Wesleyan Methodists have missiona- ries and schools in Colombo. Lon. 79 50' E. Lat. 7 4' N. Pop. 50,000. Coloni, Cape, on the W. coast of A. Turkey. Lon. 26 36' E. Lat. 39 24' N. Colonie, t. Albany co. N. Y. on the W. side of the Hudson, 1m. above Albany. Here are va- rious manufactures, and a State arsenal. The village of Colonie is now annexed to the city of Albany. Colonna, t. Popedom, 12 m. from Rome. Colonna, Cape, Naples, on the E. coast of Cala- bria. Lon. 1 7 29' E. Lat. 39 6' N. Colonna, Cape, the S. E. point of Livadia. Colonni, Cape, the S. point of Samos. Lon. 24 2'E. Lat. 37 41' N. Colonni, Cape, on the Morea. Lon. 24 2* E. Lat. 37 36' N. Calpo, r. New Grenada, fails into the Pacific, in lat. 58 N. Colorado, r. N. America, which rises in the Rocky mountains, in about lat. 40 N. and, run- ning S. W. enters the gulf of California at its head in 33 N. lat. It is about 1000 miles long, and is said to be navigable for 300 miles from its mouth, for sea vessels. Colorado, Rio de Texas, r. Mexico, runs into the bay of St. Bernard in the gulf of Mexico, in lat. 29 15' N. Colorado, Rio, or First Desaguero, large r. S. America, after a course of nearly 1000 miles through the viceroyalty of Buenos Ayres, falls into the Atlantic, in lat. 39 50' S. Colorados, Los, t. S. America, in Tucuman, 105 m. N. Salvador de Jujui. Colouri, (an. SaZamw,) isl. of Greece, in the gulf of Engia, with a small sea-port. Lon. 23 36' E. Lat. 38 N. Colpoi,s Point, on the N. E. coast of the Prince of Wales Archipelago. Lat. 56 21' N. Cohille, Cape, New Zealand, the N. E. point at the mouth of the m-er Thames. Lon. 194 27' W. Lat. 36" 36' N. Columbia, p-t. Washington co. Maine, 18 m. W. Machias. Pop. 537. Columbia, formerly Cockbume, p-t. Coos co. N. II. on Connecticut river, 107 m. N. Concord. Pop. 281. Columbia, p-t. Windham co. Ct. S. W. Brook- lyn. Pop. 941. Columbia, co. N. Y. on the E. side of the Hud- son ; bounded N. by Rensselaer co. E. by Massa- chusetts^, by Dutchess co. W. by the Hudson, which separates it from Greene co. Pop. 3^,3:30 ; engaged in agriculture 7,604, in commerce 271, in manufactures 3,175. Chief town, Hudson. Columbia, t. Herkimer eo. (N. Y.) S. Herkimei . Pop. 2,051. COL COM 191 Columbia, p-v. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. Columbia, co. Pa. Pop. 17,621 ; engaged in agriculture 3,288, in commerce 40, in manufac- tures 888. Chief town Danville. Columbia, p-t. Lancaster co. Pa. on the E. side of the Susquehannah, 10 m. W. Lancaster, 11 E. York, 72 W. Philadelphia. Pop. 1,81. It con- tains a bank, and 3 houses of public worship. A bridge is thrown across the river at this place l miles in length. Here are medicinal springs. Columbia, t. Bradford co. Pa. Pop. 823. Columbia, District of, a tract of country, 10 miles square, on both sides of Potomac river, 120 miles from its mouth. It was ceded to the United States by Maryland and Virginia in 1790, and in 1800, became the seat of the General Govern- ment. It is under the immediate government of Congress. Pop. whites 22,614, slaves 6,377, free blacks 4,048, total 33,039 ; engaged in agriculture 853, in commerce 512, in manufactures 2,184. The principal towns are Washington city, Alexandria, and Georgetown. The amount of exports in 1820 was 1,204,955. The amount of shipping in 1819, was 22,141 tons. A Catholic college is establish- ed at Georgetown. The Columbian college went into operation in 1822. It has a president, 4 pro- fessors and 2 tutors. A brick building 117 feet by 47 is erected on the high ground north of Washington city 3 m. from the Capitol. A Bap- tist Theological seminary is connected with the college. Columbia, p-t. Fluvanna co. Va. on the N. side of James siver, at the mouth of the Rivanna, 45 m. above Richmond, 35 from Charlottesville. It has a warehouse for the inspection of tobacco. Columbia, p-t. Richland district, S C. and cap- ital of the State, is at the confluence of Broad and Saluda rivers, which unite to form the Congaree, 113 m. N. N. W. Charleston, 35 S. S. W. Camden. Lon. 81 7' W. Lat. 33 57' N. It is regularly laid out on an elevated plain, and contains a state- house, court-house and jail, and 4 houses for pub- lic worship, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Episcopa- lians, 1 for Methodists, and 1 for Baptists. The town is supplied with water by artificial means. A large reservoir is constructed 76 feet in diameter and 8 feet deep, into which the water is raised 120 feet by a steam engine and thence conveyed in cast iron pipes through the principal streets of the town. The expense of this establishment was $45,000. The healthy situation of the town, its position at the head of boat navigation on the Con- garee, and its advantages as the seat of govern- ment, and of a well conducted college, combine to make it a place of importance. Intercourse with Charleston by steam-boat, has lately been estab- lished. South-Carolina college was founded in this town by the legislature in 1801, and is immedi- ately under the patronage of the State. It has a president, 4 professors, 2 tutors, more than 100 students, a well selected library of 5,000 vol- umes, and a fine mathematical apparatus. Hand- iome brick buildings are erected for the accommo- dation of the president, professors, and students. The Legislature make an annual grant to the col- lege of about $10,000, and are perpetually extend- ing to it a fostering hand. The Governor, Judges, ad other great Officers of State, are Trustees ex offiejot This college bids fair to be a most valua- ble institution for South Carolina. Columbia, p-v. Richland co. S. C. Columbia, co. Geo. on Savannah river. Pop. 12,695 ; slaves 7,420 ; engaged in agriculture 4,048, in commerce 7, in manufactures 39. Chief town, Aplington. There is a post-office at the court-house. Columbia, p-t. and cap. Maury co. Ten. on Duck river, 40 m. S. Nashville. Here is a court- house and academy. Columbia,p-t. and cap. Adair co. Ken. 17 m.fr. Greensburg. Pop. in 1810, 175. Here is a bank. Columbia, p-t. Hamilton co. Ohio, on Ohio riv- er, 6 m. E. Cincinnati, 1 below the mouth of the Little Miami. Pop. 2,814. Columbia, t. Meigs co. Ohio. Pop. 128. Columbia, t. Cuyahogaco. Ohio. Pop. 181. Columbia, p-v. Gibson co. Indiana. Columbia, t. Lawrence co. Arkansas. Pop. 520. Columbia, or Oregon river, one of the largest rivers in N. America, which waters the new terri- tory of Oregon. It rises in the Rocky mountains, about lat. 55 N. and running S. W. falls into the Pacific ocean, in lat. 46 15' N. between Cape Dis- appointment on the N. and Point Adams on the S. The whole length of the river is estimated at 1500 miles. Its principal branches are the Wallau- mut, Lewis river, and Clarke's river, all of which empty on the S. E. side ; the first 125 miles from its mouth, the second 413, and the third about 600. Vessels of 300 tons may ascend the Colum- bia, as far as the mouth of the Wallaumut. The tide flows up 183 miles, and large sloops may as- cend this distance. Seven miles further up the navigation is interrupted by the great rapids. Above the rapids, the river is navigable for 65 miles, till it is interrupted by the long narrows, and 6 miles further up by the falls. Above the falls there are no obstructions for 150 miles, to the mouth of Lewis river. The portages around the great rapids, long narrows, and falls, are in all 5 miles. Columbians co. Ohio, on Ohio river, which separates it from Pennsylvania. Pop. 22,033 ; en- gaged in agriculture 3,427, in commerce 1, in manufactures 1,029. Chief town, New Lisbon. Columbiana, p-t. Columbianaco. Ohio, 8 m. N. New Lisbon. Columbretes, islands, belonging to Spain, off the coast of Valencia. Lat. 39 56' N. Columbus, p-t. Chenango co. N. Y. 12 m. N. E. Norwich. Pop. 1,805. Columbus, co. N. C. Pop. 3,912 ; slaves 913 ; engaged in agriculture 516, in commerce 3. Chief town, Whitesville. At the court-house, a post- office is kept. Columbus, p-t. Franklin co. Ohio, and capital of the State, is on the Scioto river, just below the confluence of the Whetstone, 45 m. N. Chillicothe, 60 W. Zanesville, 108 N. E. Cincinnati. Lat. 39 57' N. Lon. 83 3' W. The site is a pleas- ant rising ground, on the E. side of the Scioto. The town is regularly laid out, the streets crossing each other at right angles. The growth of Co- lumbus has been rapid. In 1812, the lots were first exposed to sale, with the timber then stand- ing upon them, and in 1 820, the town contained a handsome state-house, a building for the public offices, and a penitentiary, all of brick ; a bank ; a market-house ; 2 printing-offices ; more than 200 houses, and 1 ,500 inhabitants. Com. See Koom. Comacchio, t. and fort, Italy, 28 m. E. Ferrara, 40 S. Venice. Comania. See Daghestan. Comayagua. See Valladolid, 192 COM Combahee, r. S. C. nins into St. Helena sound. Combahee ferry , on this river, is 17 m. lr. Jack- sonboro', 15 fr. Pocatalige Combennere, lake, Eng. in Cheshire. Combourg, t. Brittany, 17 m. S. St. Malo. Pop. 4,200. Combree, t. France, 7 m. W. Segre. Combret, t. France, 24m. E. Al!>v. Comsrcolly, t. Bengal, district of Boosnah, oil the Nouanga orCustee river. Lon. 89 11' E. Lat. 23 52' N. Comesazso, r. Lombardy, falls into the Oglio. Comillah, or Tipperah, t. Bengal, cap. of the district of Tipperah. Lou. 91 2' E. Lat. 23 28' N. Comin, Cape, on the E. coast of Sardinia. Lat. 40 38' N. Cominet, t. Flanders, on the Lys, which divides it into two parts, 8 m. N. Lille, 30 S. Bruges. Lon. 34'E. Lat. 50 45' N. Pop. 2,200. Comisario Punta, cape, on the coast of the Ca- raccas. Lon. 75 25' VV. Comite, r. Mississippi, joins the Amite, 12m-. E. Baton Rouge. Commendo, called also G-uaffo, a territory on the Gold Coast of Africa, formerly of great extent, but now much reduced. The principal town, called Great Commendo, or GuafFo, is about nine leagues from the coast. The resort of Europe- ans, however, is the town on the coast, called Lit- tle Commendo, where both the English and the Dutch have a fort. Lon. 3 34' W. Lat. 5 12' N. Commequieres, t. France, 17 m. N. Sables d'- Olonne. Commeragh, mountains, Ireland, 8 m. N. Dun- garvon. Commercy, t. France, on the Maese, 169 m. E. Paris. Lon. 5 40' E. Lat. 48 46" N. Pop. 3,700. Commewina, r. Guiana, falls into the Surinam, about 10 miles from its mouth. Commim, district, Hind, between 15 and 16 N. lat. Commim, the capital, is in Ion. 78 55' E. lat 15 31' N. Commissioner'' s creek, Geo. runs into the Oco- nee, 20 or 30 m. below Mi Hedge ville. Commorro Islands, in the Indian sea, about mid- way between the N. part of Madagascar, and the continent of Africa. They are four in number, the Great Commorro, Johanna, Mohilla, and Ma- yotta. The Great Commorro is in Ion. 43 10' E. lat. 1156'S. Communipa, v. Bergen co. N. J. on New- York bay, 2 m. S. VV. Paulus-Hook. Como, t. of the Austrian empire, in Italy, at the S. W. extremity of the lake of Como, in a delight- ful valley, inclosed on all sides by lofty mountains. It is the see of a bishop. Pop. 14,700. The hou- ses are neatly built of stone, and the public buil- dings magnificent. An active trade is carried on with Lombardy and Switzerland. 20 m. N. Milan, 80 N. E. Turin, Lon. 9 4' E. Lat. 45 48' N. Como, lake, Italy, between the county of Chia- venha and the Milanese. It is 36 miles long, and from 1 to 4 broad. The river Adda passes through it. The surrounding country is highly pictur- esque. Comorin, Cape, the S. extremity of the continent of India. Lon. 77 35' E. Lat. 7" 57' N. Comorn, t. and fort, Hungary, in the county of Comorn, at the confluence of the Neutra with the C O Is Danube. The citadel is accounted one of the strongest in Europe. 38 m. S. K. 1'iv.sbur", 70 S. by E. Vienna. Lon. 18 V K. Pop. 9,000. Company's Island, in the Pacific. Lon. 151 20" E. Lat. 46" N. Cmtune^ne, t. France, on the Oise, 48 m. N. E. Paris. * Lon. 2 54' E. Lat. 49" 24' 59" N. Pop. 7,0.58. Compostella, or St. Jago de Compostella, (an. Brigantittm^) t. and city. Spain, capital of Gali- cia. It is the see of an archbishop. Pop. 12,000. 98 m. \V. Astorga,i>7u N. W. Madrid. Lon. 8 30' W. Lat. 42 52' N. Compostella, t. Mexico, in Guadalaxara, 400 m. N. W. Mexico. Lon. 104 40' VV. Lat. 21 10' N. Compreignac, t. France, 10 ni. N. Limoges. Campion, t. Buckingham and Richelieu coun- ties, Lower Canada, about 60 m. S. Three-Riv- ers. Pop. 700. Co)npton,t. Bergen co. N.Y. Pop. 2,818. Cowrie, v. Scotland, 6 m.VV. Crieff. Pop. 2,609. Con, Loch, lake, Scotland, in Perth. Conan, r. Scotland, composed of the Orrin, Garve, Meig, and Lichar, falls intoCromarty frith. Conaquencnng creek, Pa. joins the Mahoning 12 miles above its mouth. Conawango. See Conewango. Conca, r. Ecclesiastical States, falls into the gulf of Venice. Concern, country, Hind, on the west coast of the peninsula, between Bombay and Goa, extending from 16 to 19 N. lat. 200 miles long, and 40 broad. This coast has been much infested with pirates. The principal towns are Choul, Ban- coote, Severndroog or Dabul, Zyghur, Gheria, Tamana, and Rajpore. Concarneau, or Conq, s-p. France, 10m. S. S. E. Quimper. Lon. 3 57' 5 ' VV. Concellana, t. Naples, 5 m. S. Acerenza. Conception, La, s-p. Veragua, at the mouth of the Veragua, on the Spanish Main, 90m. W. Pa- nama. Lon. 81 28' VV. Conception, bay, in the gulf of California. Conception Bay, on the E. side of Newfound- land, whose entrance is between Cape St. Francis on the S. and Flamborough-head on the N. Conception, t. Paraguay, 90 m. N. Assumption. Lat. 23 23' S. Conception, settlement, New Grenada, on the Meta. Lon. 71 55' W. Conception, the second city in rank in Chili, on the N. side of the Biobio, a league from the sea. It was originally built 3 leagues to the N. of its present position, but having been twice destroyed by earthquakes the inhabitants removed hither. Pop. 13,000. Its port is Talcahuano. Conception del Pao, t. Caraccas, 135 m. W. Barcelona, 84 S. E. Caraccas. Lou. 65 10' W. Lat. 8" 42' N. Pop. 2,300. Concha, San Martin de la. See Quillola. Conchachitou, L Mississippi, on the Pascagoula. Lon. 88 43' VV. Lat. 32 15' i\. Conchas, settlement, 18m. N. VV. Buenos Ayres. Conchas, r. Brazil, falls into the Atlantic, in lat. 5 6' S. Conchas, or Conchas, r. Mexico, runs into the Rio del Norte, in lat. 31 N. after a course of about 300 miles. It is the largest western brain ;i of the Rio del Norte, and receives in its the Rio Florida from the E. and St. Paubla from the VV. Conches, t. France, in Eure, 37 m. S. Rouen. Pop. 2,259. CON Conchucos, province, Peru, bounded on the N. by Guamachucos, S. by Caxatambo, E. by Gua- malies, and VV. byHuaillas. Pop. 25,000. Conclusion Port, on the E. coast of the S. ex- tremity of King George Illd's Archipelago. Lat. 56 15' N. Concobella, t. Congo, on the river Zaire. Concord, p-t Rockingham co. N. H. and capital of the State, stands on the Merrimack, 42 m. VV. N. VV. Portsmouth, 62 N. N. W. Boston. Lon. 71 30' VV. Lat. 43 12' N. Pop. 2,838. The village is built principally on two streets on the W. bank of the river, and contains a state-house, state- prison, Congregational church, and about 120 iwelling houses. The state-house is a handsome stone building. The state-prison is also of stone and contains 36 cells. In 1813 the courts were re- moved from Portsmouth and are now held in this :own. By means of Merrimack river there is a aoat communication between Concord and Bos- ton. Much of the trade of the upper country cen- tres here. Concord, t. Grafton co. N. H. 68 m. N. Concord. Pop. 1,126. Concord, p-t. Essex co. Vt. on Connecticut riv- er, 38 m. E. N. E. Montpelier. Pop. 806. Concord, r. Mass, formed by two branches, which unite at Concord, whence it flows N. E. and N. with a gentle current, through Bedford and Billerica, and joins the Merrimack in Tewks- bury. Middlesex canal is supplied with water from this river. Concord, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass, on Concord river, 18 m. N. W. Boston, 30 E. N. E. Worces- ter. Pop. 1,788. The courts of the county are held alternately here and at Cambridge. The public buildings are a court-house and spacious stone jail, and a Congregational church. Here are 3 bridges across the river. In this town the Provincial Congress met in 1774 ; and here the first opposition was made to the British troops, on the 19th of April, 1775. Concord, t. Erie co. (N. Y.) S. Buffalo. Pop. Concord, t. Saratoga co. N.Y. Pop. 571. Concord, p-v. Franklin co. Pa. Concord, t Delaware co. Pa. on a branch of Chester creek, 21 m. S. W. Philadelphia. Pop. 1,032. Concord, t. Erie co. Pa. Pop. 53. Concord, p-t. Sussex co. Del. Concord, p-v. Campbell co. Va. Concord, p-t. and cap. Cabarras co. N. C. on Rocky river, 20 m. S.W. Salisbury. Concord, t. Champaign co. Ohio. Pop. 507. Concord, t. Miami co. Ohio. Pop. 591. Concord, t. Ross co. Ohio, 12m. W. Chillicothe. Pop. 2,234. Concotd, t. Fayette co. Ohio. Pop. 347. Concord, t. Highland co. Ohio. Pop. 1,035. Concord, t. Delaware co. Ohio. Pop. 209. Concord, t. Washington co. Missouri. Concordia, t. Venetian territory, 30 m. E. Tre- viso. Lat. 45 45' N. Concordia, t. Italy, 6 m. W. Mirandoca. Concordia, co. Louisiana, on the Mississippi. Pop. 2,626 ; slaves 1,787 ; engaged in agriculture 1,469, in manufactures 3. Concordia, p-t. and cap. Concardia co. Louis- iana, on the Mississippi, opposite Natches. Condapilly, one of the northern oircars of In- dia, between 16 and 17 N. lat. See Circars. CON 193 Condapilly, the capital, is in Ion. 80 23' E. lat. 16 39' N. Condatchy, t. Ceylon, which gives name to the bay, in which is carried on a very extensive pearl fishery. It is on the W. coast, 120 m. N. Colom- bo. Lat. 8 45' N. Conde, t. France. It is one of the strongest bar- rier fortresses on the side of the Netherlands. 6 m. N. N. E. Valenciennes, 3 W. Mons. Lon. 3 34' E. Lat. 50 26' N. Pop. 5,900. Conde la Ferle, t. France, on the Marne, near La Ferte. Conde sur Iton, or Conde FEveque, t. France, 14 m. S.W. Evreux. Conde sur Noireau, t. France, in Calvados, 20 m. S. Caen. Pop. 3,000. Condeon, t. France, 28 m. S. E. Saintes. Condesuiros de Arequipa, a province in the S. part of Peru, near the coast of the Pacific. The capital is Chuquibamba. Condom, t. France, in Gers, on the Baise, 28 m. S. E. Bourdeaux. Lon. 26' E. Lat. 43 57' N. Pop. 7,000. Condor, Pulo, isl. in the Indian sea, near the coast of Cochin-China. Lon. 106 42' E. Lat. 8 40' N. Condrieu, t. France, on the Rhone, 18 m. S. Ly- ons. Pop. 4,050. Conecocheague, r. rises near Mercersburg, Pa. and runs into the Potomac at Williamsport, Md. 8 m. S. the Pennsylvania line. Conecuh,co. Alabama. Pop. 5,731 ; slaves 1,931; engaged in agriculture 1,847, in commerce 14, in manufactures 58. Conecuh, r. Alabama, receives the Escambia, and runs into the St. Maria de Galvez, an arm of Pensacola bay. It is navigable 200 miles. Conedogivinit creek, Pa. runsE. into the Susque- hannah, a little above Harrisburg. Conegliano, t. Venetian territory, 10 m. N. N. E. Treviso. Pop. 3,650. Conemaugk creek, Pa. rises in the Alleghany mountains, and runs into the Alleghany, 29 m. N. E. Pittsburg. At Chesnut ridge, it takes the name of Kiskemanitas. Consmaugh salt-works, are situated in Westmoreland and Indiana coun- ties, on both banks of this creek, 1 m. above its confluence with the Loyalhannon, and 15 N. E. Greensburg. Conemaugh, t. Somerset co. Pa. Pop. 378. Conemaugh, t. Indiana co. Pa. Pop. 1,555. Conemaugh, t. Cambria co. Pa. Pop. 923. Conequenesing, t. Butler co Pa. Pop. 977. Conestago, r. Pa. runs S. VV. into the Susque- hannah, 15 m. below Columbia. C'oneslago, t, Lancaster co. Pa. Pop. 1,805. Conewago, t. Adams co. Pa. Pop. 839. Conewago, t. York co. Pa. Pop. 945. Conewango, r. N. Y. which receives the waters of Chatauque and Casdaga lakes. By means of it there is a navigable communication from the Ohio to within 9 miles of Lake Erie. Conewango, t. Warren co. Pa. Pop. 892. Conflans, t. Savoy, 18 m. E. Chamberry. Conflans, t. France, at the conflux of the Aube and Seine, 25 m. N. W. Troyes ; one, 12 m. N. Vesoul ; one, about a league from Paris. Conflans en Jurnisy, t. France, 12m. W. Metz. Conflans 81. Honorine, t. France, 17 m. W. Pa- Confolens, t. France, 27 m. N. W. Limoges. Congaree, r. S. C. formed by the confluence of 25 194 CON Sa'uda and Broad rivers. After a course of 30 mile 1 ; it joins the Wateree to form the Santee. Congieinn, t. Eng. in Cheshire, 16 U m. N. W. London. Pop. 4,616. Congo, an extensive country in the S. W. of Af- rica, between 6 and 8 S. lat. bounded \. by the Zaire, or Congo, which separates it from Loango, W. by the Atlantic, and S. by Angola. Its limits in the interior are unknown. The Portuguese have here several forts and factories for carrying on the slave trade. The vegetable productions are maize, cassava, sweet potatoes, pepper, sugar cane, and tobacco. The population of this coun- try has been extravagantly stated by the Portu- guese, but Capt. Tuckey and recent travellers, contradict the-^e accounts. The largest town vis- ited by Captain Tuckey, did not contain above 100 huts, and 600 inhabitants. St. Salvador is the capital. Congo Hirer, or Zaire, r. Africa, which falls in- the ocean under parallel of 6 S. lat. Its sources are unknown. It has been supposed by some that it was a continuation of the Niger, and under this impression an expedition was sent from England in 1816, under Capt. Tuckey, to explore the river. He ascended in a sloop 120 miles, and on foot 150 miles further, but meeting with insuperable diffi- culties was obliged to return. Congoon, t. Laristan, in Persia, on the shore of the Persian gulf. 110 m. S. Shiraz. Lon. 52 5'E. Pop. 6 or 7,000. Congress, t. Wayne co. Ohio. Pop. 250. Conhocton creek, N. Y. runs into the Tioga at Painted- Post, alter a course of 70 miles. Conhocton, i. Steuben co. (N. Y.) N. W. Bath. Pop. 1,560. Com, t. Piedmont, at the conflux of the Stura and Gezzo. It was till lately a place of great strength, but was dismantled by the French af- ter the battle of Marengo. Its trade is very brisk with Lombardy, Switzerland, and Germany. The principal articles are corn and hemp, but silk is the only important manufacture. 35 m. S. E. Turin. Lon. 7 3$ E. Lat. 44 l 24' N. Pop. 10,000. Conjee, district, Hind, in the Carnatic, intersec- ted by the Palar river. Coniglione,t. Sicily, 16 m. S. W. Palermo. Com/, t. on the coa'st of Spain, 18 m. S. S. E.Ca- diz. Lon. 6 9' W. Pop. 3,000. Conisbrough, v. Eng. in Yorkshire, 6 m. S. W. Doncaster. Conislon Lake, or Thurston Water-, Eng. in Lan- cashire. Conitz,i. W. Prussia, 60m. S. W. Dantzic. Conliege, t. France, 3 m. S. E. Lons le Saulnier. C'lfutaught, one of the 4 provinces into which Ireland is divided, containing the counties of Gal- way, Mayo, Sligo, Leitrim and Roscommon. Connecticut Ricer, the largest river in New-Eng- land, rises near the borders of Lower Canada, and running south, divides New Hampshire from Ver- mont, and passing through Massachusetts and Connecticut, flows into Long Island sound between Saybrook and Lyme. Its whole length is 410 miles. It is navigable for vessels drawing 10 feet water, 36 miles, to Middletown ; for small sloops, 50 miles, to Hartford; and by means of canals and other improvements, it has been rendered passable for boats to the Fifteen Mile Falls, 250 miles fur- ther. The perpendicular height of the falls which hare been overcome by dams and locks between Springfield in Massachusetts and Hanover in New CON Hampshire, a distance of 130 miles, is about 200 feet. Connecticut Lake, in the N. part of N. II. It is about 5 miles long and 2 broad, and is one of the sources of Connecticut river. Lat. 45 2* N. Connecticut, one of the U. States, bounded \. by Massachusetts ; E. by llhode Island ; S. by Long Island sound, and W. by New York. It lies between 41 and 42 2' N. lat. and between 71 29' and 73 24' W. Ion. It is 90 miles long, 70 broad, and contains 4,764 square miles. Pop. in 1790, 237,946; in 1!JOO, 251,002; in 1810, 261,942; in 1820, whites 267, 181, slaves 97; free blacks 7, 870, total, 275,248 ; engaged in agriculture 50,518, in commerce 3,581, in manufactures 17,581. The coast of this State is every where indented with harbors, the principal of which arc those of New London, New Haven and Bridgeport. The prin- cipal rivers are the Thames, the Connecticut and the Housatonnuc. The face of the country is hdly, but the hills are generally of moderate size, and occur In quick succession, furnishing the traveller with a beautiful and constantly A'arying prospect. The great body of the State is excellent land. Indian corn, rye, grass, and potatoes, are the most important productions. Among the literary institutions are Yale Col- lege, in New Haven, one of the oldest and most respectable colleges in the United States ; Bacou Academy in Colchester ; the Episcopal Academy at Cheshire ; the American Asylum for the deaf and dumb, in Hartford, and the school in Cornwall for educating heathen youth. Common schools are very liberally supported. The State has a fund of $1,700,000, the income of which together with 12,000 from the public taxes, is annually applied to the support of common schools. The Congregationalists are the most numerous reli- gious denomination. In 1818 they had 213 con- gregations ; the Episcopalians 74 ; Baptists 90, and Methodists 53. There are very few of any other sect. Connecticut has a larger proportion of her citi- zens engaged in manufactures than any other State, except Rhode Island. The manufacture of tin into culinary vessels, is carried on to a very great extent. The ware thus made is taken by pedlars and sold in all parts of the United States. The other manufactures are nails, glass, hats, but- tons, fire-arms, and wooden clocks. The trade of Connecticut is chiefly with the West India islands and the Southern states. The exports consist of horses, mules, butter and cheese, cider, Indian corn, beef, pork, &c. Much of the produce of the west- ern parts of the state is carried to New York, and of the eastern parts to Boston and Providence. Th< j amount of shipping belonging to the state in 1816, was 60,104 tons. A company has been re- cently incorporated for the purpose of opening a canal from the tide waters at New Haven to the northern boundary of the State at Southwick; measures are taking to have the canal continued to Connecticut river at Northampton. For Hou- satonnuc canal see Housnlonnuc. Connecticut Reserve, often called New Connecti- cut, i? in the N. E. part of the state of Ohio, bor- dering on Lake Erie and the state of Pennsylvania. It is 120 miles long from E. to W. and on an aver- age, 52 broad, containing 4,680 square miles, or 3,000,000 acres. It is divided into 7 counties, and is principally settled by emigrants from Massachu- setts and Connecticut Conntougkty i. Erie co. Pa. Pop. 631. CON Comieought, creek, Ohio, runs into Lake Erie in the N. E. part of the State. Conneoughtee, t. Erie co. Pa. Pop. 438. Connesaugah, r. Alabama, one of the head streams of the Coosa. From the boatable part of this creek, there is a portage of 8 or 10 miles to the boatable part of the Amoy. Connelsville, p-t. and borough, Fayette co. Pa. on the N. side of the Youghiogany, at the head of navigation, 200m. from Washington. 33 fromMor- gantown, Va. 255 from Philadelphia. Pop. 600. In its vicinity are several forges, merchant mills, and other mills. Connoie Bay, Newfoundland, 50 m. E. Cape Ray. Connor, v. Ireland, 17 m. N. Belfast. Conoloway creek, Pa. runs into the Delaware near Hancock's town, in Maryland. Conotten creek, Ohio, runs into the Muskingum or 8 m. above New Philadelphia. Conques, t. France, 6 m. N. E. Carcassonne. Conquest, p-t. Cayuga co. N. Y. Conquet, Le, t. France, 16 m. W. Brest. Co/irctjjbiirs;, Dutch fort on the Gold coast. Conrad's store, p-v. RocKingham co. Va. Cnnfur. See Khonsar. Co.'-sekt, t. Italy, 10 m. S. Padua. Pop. 5,700. ConstCs Bay, Barbadoes, 10 rn. N. E. Bridge- town. Constable, p-t. Franklin co. N. Y. bordering on Canada, 14 m. N. Maloue. Pop. 637. Constance, t Baden, on the Lake of Constance, at the spot where the Rhine flows from the upper into the lower lake. Constance is memorable for the meeting of the famous council (between 1414 and 1418,) which sentenced John Huss and Jerome of Prague to the flames. 30 m. N. E. Zurich. Lon. 9 8' E Lat. 47 36' N. Pop. 4,420. Constance, Lake of, or Boden See, a lake 35 miles long and about 12 broad, between Germany and Swit/.erland. It is divided into the Upper and Lower Lakes. The banks are fertile, well culti- vated, and lined with agreeable towns, villages and castles. Constftntia, t. Oswego co. N.Y. on Oneida Lake. Pop. 767. Constantia, p-v. Acadia co. Louisiana. Constantia, t. and cap. Pope co. Illinois. Constantina, t. Spain, 20 m. N. W. Cordova. Constantino, a province in the E. part of Algiers, bounded E. by Tunis, VV. by Algiers Proper. S. by the desert, and N. by the Mediterranean. It is 230 miles long, from E. to W. and 109 broad. It is the most fertile, best cultivated, and every way the most improved part of the Algerine territory. In 1806, the British conchrled a treaty with the dey of Algiers, by which they stipulated to pay 1 1,000/. annually, in consideration of which they obtained onofLaCala, Bona, and 11 Cullu, with permission not only to trade, buteven to erect for- tififiitions. Catutantina, the capital of the province above described, occupies the site of Cirta, celebrated as the ancient bulwark of Numidia. It is built on a rocky peninsula formed by the Hummel. Here are to be seen many ruins of the ancient city. 160 m. E. Algiers, 180 W. Tunis. Lon. 60 24' E. Lat. 36 25' N. Pop. according to Hassel. 100,000. Constantino Perez, isl. in the mouth of the Val- Jivia, in Chili. Constantinople, the ancient Byzantium, and cal- C O N 195 led by the Turks Stamboul, city of Europe, and capital of the Turkish empire, is beautifully situ- ated on the W. side of the Bosphorus, or straits of Constantinople, between the Black sea and the sea of Mnrmora. Lon. 28 56' E. Lat. 41 N. The city stands chiefly on a slope, on seven emi- nences which rise above each other in beautiful succession, presenting a fine view to the approach- ing spectator. The harbour is not on the side of the sea, but in a long, capacious inlet, running along the N. side of the town. It is of sufficient depth for the largest vessels, andean contain 1200 sail, and has an open navigation to the Euxine on the N. and the Mediterranean on the S. The form of the city is triangular, with one side on the har- bor, another on the sea of Marmora, and the third and longest towards the land. It is surrounded with walls. The streets are in general narrow, gloomy, and slanting ; badly paved, and incum- bered with dust or mud. The houses are low, built of wood and earth, and conflagrations are frequent. The number of mosques is about 300, and of these the oldest and most interesting is that of St. Sophia, which was built by the emperor Justinian. The interior still retains much of its ancient grandeur. The number of .Christian churches in Constantinople and its neighbourhood is 22. The seraglio includes not merely the apart- ments of the women, but is an assemblage of pal- aces and buildings, 9 miles in circumference, in- habited by the Sultan and his court. It occupies the promontory or point of land in the eastern part of the city. The entrance of the first court is very wide and lofty ; in this are the mint, the principal mosque, an hospital and other buildings. The second court is called the Divan-court, the great council chamber being there. To the N. adjoining the Divan is the third court, or seraglio properly so called, in which are the apartments of the women. Through it there is a narrow cover- ed passage leading to the audience chamber of the sultan, which is of amazing magnificence, partic- ularly the throne. The population of Constantinople is variously estimated from 300,000 to 500,000. About one half are Turks, and the remainder Greeks, Chris- tians, Armenians, Franks, and Jews. The suburb of Galata stands opposite to the se- raglio on the N. side of the harbor ; it is inhabit- ed only by merchants and seafaring people. To the west is the suburb Tophana [cannon foundry.] On the heights above this suburb stands Pera, principally occupied by individuals in the suites of ambassadors to the Porte from the different European powers. Scutari, though standing- on Asiatic ground, and separated from Constan- tinople by the Bosphorus, is still accounted a suburb of the great city. The castle of the sev- en towers is a state prison near the sea of Mar- mora. Contai, t. Bengal, in Jellasore. Lon. 87 54' E. Lat. 21 48' N. Contessa, Gulf of, Eu. Turkey, between the pe- ninsula of Mount Atlas, and the coast of Macedo- nia and Romania. Contessa, the s-p. is on a small island at the bottom of the gulf, 48 m. N. E. Salon- ica. Lon. 24 8' E. Lat. 40 40' N. Conteville, t. France, at the mouth of the Seine. Contin, parish, Scotland, in Rosshire. Contoocook, r. N. H. runs into the Merrimack at Concord. 196 COO Contrecoeur, seigniory, Surrey co. Lower Cana- da, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 12m. W. William-Henry. Conireki, s-p. Arabia, 180 m. S. Muskat. C'ontreras, islands, off the coast of Veragua, in lat. 7 45' N. Contursi, t. Naples, 25 m. E. Salerno. Pop. 2,620. Canty, t. France, 12 m. S. Amiens. Conrersero, isl. in the Adriatic. Lon. 13 46' E. Lat. 45" 20' N. Conway, r. Wales, forms the boundary between the counties of Caernarvon and Denbigh, and falls into the Irish sea at Abercomvay. Conway, Cap>\ on the N. W. coast of New Hol- land. Lon. 21 1 28' W . Lat. 20 36' S. Comcay, t. New Brunswick, Sudbury co. on the W. side of St. John river, and bordering on the bay of Fundy. Musquash cove, in this town forms a good harbor. Conway, p-t. Stafford co. N. H. on Saco river, 56 m. N. N. E. Concord. Pop. 1,365. From the village is a delightful prospect of the fertile lands on the Saco, bordered on each side by high moun- tains and terminated towards the N. by the lofty summit of Mount Washington, 20 miles distant. Conway, p-t. Franklin co. Mass. 6 m. W. S. W. Greenfield, 13 N. W. Northampton. Pop, 1,705. Conwayborovgh, p-v. Horry co. S. C. Conyatt, t. Crawford co. Pa. Pop. 562. Conyngham, p-v. Luzerne co. Pa. Conza, t. Naples, 58 m. E. Naples. Pop. 3,327. Coochbe/iar, a district of Hindostan, lying be- tween 26 and 27' N. lat. and bordering on Boo- tan. It was formerly an independent kingdom, but is now included in the province of Bengal. Cook's Inlet, or River, a large inlet on the W. coast of N. America, between Cape Elizabeth, and Cape Douglas, or between Ion. 207 9' and 207 45' E. lat. 58 42' and 59 10' N. This inlet was explored by captain Cook for 210 miles, and afterwards completely by Vancouver, who found that it terminated in Ion. 211 17' E. and lat. 61 29' N. Cook's Strait, the strait which divides the two islands of New Zealand. Cooke's Bay, Easter island. Lon. 109 35' W. Lat. 27 1 1' S! Cooke's Law-Office, p-v. Elbert co. Geo. Cooke's settlement, Missouri, on the road from St. Louis to Arkansas and Red rivers, 30 m. fr. St. Genevieve, 8 fr. Murphy's settlement. Cookeslown, p-v. Westmoreland co. Pa. Coolgreny, t. Ireland, in Wexford, 3 m. S. S. W. Arklow. Coolidge landing, t. Md. on the Patuxent, 28m. S. S.W. "Annapolis. Cooloo, t. Hind, on the Mahanuddy. Lon. 85 17' E. Lat. 20 18' N. Coolspring, t. Mercer co. Pa. Pop. 596. Cooly Point, at the N. entrance into Dundalk bay, Ireland. Lat. 53 57' N. Coomlah, t. Hind 45 m. N. E. Nagpore. Cooper's Island, off Java, near Batavia. Cooper, t. Washington co. Maine. Pop. 200. Cooper, r. S. C. passes along the E. side of the city of Charleston, and meets the Ashley, in Charleston harbor. A canal connects it with the Santee, and opens a navigable communication between Charleston and the interior country. Cooper, co. Missouri. Pop. 6,959, slaves 637 ; engaged in agriculture 1,505, in commerce 28, in manufactures 157. COP Cooper* t ferry, p-v. Gloucester co. N. J. Coopcrstoicn, p-v. and cap. Otsego co. N. Y. in the township of Otsego, at the S. W. end of Otse- go lake. It is on one of the western turnpikes through New-York State, 12 m. W. Cherry val- ley, 67 W. Albany, 45 fr. Johnstown on the Mo- hawk. Pop. 783. Lon. 74 48' W. Lat. 42 44' N. It contains a courthouse and jail, 2 churches, and an academy. The Susquehannah issues from the lake, and various mills are erected upon it. Coopcrstoivn, v. Harford co. Md. 12 m. N. W. Harford, 24 N. E. Baltimore. Coorg, a mountainous and woody district of Southern India, between Mysore and Malabar ; it produces sandal wood and teak timber, rice, pep- per, and some other spices. Coos, co. N. H. bounded N. by Lower Canada, E. by Maine, S. by Grafton and Stratford coun- ties, and W. by Connecticut river, which separates it from Vermont. Pop. 5,549 ; engaged in agri- culture 1,760, in commerce 12, in manufactures 71. Chief town, Lancaster. Coo*, Lower, and Upper, two tracts of country, N. H. Upper Coos lies S. of Upper Ammonoosuc river. Lancaster is in this tract. Lower Coos lies S. of Lower Amoonoosuc river. In this tract, is Haverhill. Coosa, r. the N. branch of the Alabama, is for- med by the union of Etowah and Oostenalah riv- ers in Geo. and meets the Talapoosa 3 m. below Fort Jackson. There is a fall in it, 7 miles from its mouth, and rapids thence for 50 miles to Fort William ; above which, boats may proceed within 8 miles of the waters that flow into the Tennessee. See Connesaugah. Coosaw, or Coosawatchie, r. S. C. runs S. S. E. into Broad river, and Whale branch, which sepa- rate Port Royal island from the main land. Coosawatchie, p-t. Beaufort district S. C. on the W. side of the Coosaw, 27 m. N. W. Beaufort, 70 W. S. W. Charleston. The courts for the district are held here. Cooserah, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 85 47' E. Lat. 25 6' N. Cootehill, t. Ireland, 53 m. N. W. Dublin, 11 N. E.Cavan. Cootra, t. Hind, in Allahabad. Lon. 79 28' E. Lat. 25' 45' N. Cootstown, p-t. Berks co. Pa. 17 m. N. N. E. Reading, 73 N. N. W. Philadelphia. It contains about 40 houses, and a church. Copenhagen, the metropolis of the Danish mon- archy, and the best built city in the N. of Europe, stands on the E. coast of the island of Zealand, about 20 miles from the narrowest part of the Sound. Its position is on a low tract, surrounded with small lakes, and partly intersected by inlets of the sea. It is encompassed with walls. Some of the streets are narrow and inconvenient, others broad and well paved. Most of the houses are modern, and built of brick or stone. The finer edifices are of free stone. That part of the new town called Amalienburg was built by Frederick V. and is extremely beautiful. The harbor of Copenhagen is formed by a nar- row arm of the sea, running between the city and the opposite island of Amack ; it is capable of containing 500 merchantmen, and though the en- trance is so narrow, that one ship only can enter at a time, the depth is sufficient to admit vessels of the largest size ; they come in the canals close to the warehouses, where they load and unload their cargoes. A part of this harbor is appropri- C O Q ated to the royal navy. The shipping belonging to the port may be computed, on an average, at 400 vessels, manned by nearly 6,000 seamen. Copenhagen is not only the residence of the court, but the seat of all the great public establish- ments of the kingdom. The bishop of Zealand has his residence here ; and there are 20 churches, and several Jewish synagogues. Of the 22 hospi- tals, the most splendid is that of Frederick V. ; the most interesting is the lying-in-hospital, to which is attached a school of midwifery, and a foundling hospital. The university has con- siderable funds, and, on an average, 700 students, of whom 168 are maintained from public funds. The library is voluminous, but with few books of recent date. The royal library amply compen- sates for the deficiency of that of the university, being a superb collection of more than 250,000 volumes. In October, 1728, a dreadful fire broke out, which consumed two thirds of the town ; in Feb- ruary, 1794, another fire destroyed nearly 1000 houses. In the attack by the British in 1807, above 300 houses, including Jthe cathedral and part of the university, were destroyed, while dou- ble that number was damaged. Pop. 105,000. 170m. N. E. Hamburg, 315 S. W. Stockholm. Lon. 12 35' 6" E. Lat. 55 41' 4" N. Copenhagen, p-v. Lewis co. N. Y. Copenick, t. Prussia, on an island in the Spree, 9 m. S. E. Berlin. Copet, t. Switz. 8 m. N. N. E. Geneva. Copiapo, the most northerly province of Chili. It extends from the Andes to the Pacific. It is thinly inhabited, but has an abundance of copper, and other minerals. Copiapo, seaport and cap. of the above, is situ- ated immediately at the mouth of the river of the same name, in lat. 27 S. The harbor affords good anchorage, is easy of access for vessels of any size, and as it opens towards the west, is protected from the northerly and southerly winds. It is visited chiefly for the metals furnished by the mines in the vicinity, the surrounding country being barren. Copland Islands, off the E. coast of Ireland. Lat. 54 39' N. Copley, t. Medina co. Ohio. Pop. 169. Copper -Mine River, N. America, runs into the sea, according to Hearne in Ion. 111 5' W. Lat. 69 N. Copper-Mine River, Upper Canada, runs into lake Superior, in lat. 46 N. Copper river, N. W. Territory, after a course of 300 miles, joins the Chippeway, 30 m. above its mouth. Copts, a race of people, who reside chiefly in Upper Egypt and are supposed to be about 200,- 000 in number. They are descendants of the most ancient inhabitants of Egypt. Coquet, r. Eng. falls into the German ocean, op- posite Coquet island. Coquimbo, province, of Chili, extending from the Andes to the Pacific. It is of an extremely be- nign temperature, enjoying throughout the year a perpetual spring. It has mines of gold, silver, lead, sulphur, and especially copper, large quan- i which are exported. Pop. 15,000. ( innbo, or La Serana, cap. of the above, on the south bank of the river Coquimbo, within half a league of the coast. Its harbor is a fine spacious bay, easy of access, and protected from all winds, as well as from the swell of the sea. It is the chief COR 197 port of the mining country, and the richest of the copper mines are in its vicinity. 174 m. N. W. Santiago. Lon. 7 1 18' W. Lat. 30 S. Cora, t. cap. of the island of Samos. It is a poor, ill-built place, and has about 250 houses, and 12 small churches. Coraan, peninsula, on the W. coast of Ireland, separated from Achill island by a narrow channel. Corace, r. Naples, falls into the gulf of Squil- lace. Lat. 38 50' N. Corachie, or Kurachee, s-p. Cabul, in the province of Sinde, supposed to be the Sangada of Arrian. Lat. 24 52' N. Lon. 67 17' E. It is now the principal port of the province. Its ex- ports are saltpetre, rice, cotton, butter, oil, hors- es, and many other valuable commodities brought from the northern provinces. Its imports are metals, ivory, tea, sugar, spices, and the manufac- tures of India and Europe. Coraco, Cape, on the E. coast of the island of Metelin. Lon. 26 20' E. Lat. 39 24' N. Coradge, r. Syria, runs into the Mediterranean, 4 m. S. Tortosa. Corah, a district of Hindostan, in Allahabad, between the Jumna and Ganges, and extending from 26 to 27 N. lat. It belongs to the British, and is included in the collectorship ofCawnpore. Corah, the capital, is in Ion. 80 40' E. lat. 26 6' N. and carries on a considerable trade in grain and cotton. Corantin. See Coreniin. Corbach, t. cap. of the principality of Waldeck, on the Iller, 70 m. E. Cologne. Corbara, t. Corsica, 8 m. N. E. Calvi. Corbeil, t. France, 18 m. S. Paris. Pop. 3,600. Corbeau, r. Missouri Territory, the largest tri- butary to the Mississippi above the St. Peters. Its southern branch rises near the sources of the St. Peters and receives the N. W. branch called the Pemmisco whose head waters are near those of Red river. The united stream then flows 180 miles and joins the Mississippi in lat. 45 49' 50' 7 N. Corbie, t. France, 10 m. E. Amiens. Corbigncy St. Leonard, t. France, on the Yonne. Lon. 3 45' E. Lat. 47 16' N. Corbridge, t. Eng. in Northumberland, 4 m. E. Hexham. Cordes, t. France, in Tarn, 11 m. N. E. Gaillac. Pop. 2,303. Coides Bay, in the straits of Magellan, 5 m. E. S. E. Fortescue bay. Cordevole,r. Venetian territory, runs into the Piave, between Belluno and Feltre. Cordilleras. See Andes. Cordova, province, Spain, forming the middle part of Andalusia. It is intersected by the Gua- dalquivir, and produces abundance of corn, fruit, wine, and olives. Pop. 260,000. Cordova, city, Spain, is agreeably situated on the N. bank of the Guadalquivir. It was known in the time of the Romans. Here are the remains of a palace of the Moorish kings ; but the most interesting edifice is the cathedral, which is a magnificent monument, 534 feet long, and 387 wide. Cordova was always noted as a place of trade, and is still remarkable for the kind of leath- er called, from this town, Cordovan, or Cord- wain. 75 m. N. E. Seville, 120 N. E. Cadiz, 180 S. S.W.Madrid. Lon. 4 45' 53" W. Lat. 37 S^IS'N. Pop. 30,000. Cordova, a province of S. America, the S. part of Buenos Ayres. It contains 105,000 sq. miles, 198 COR COR and 75,000 inhabitants. Cordova is the capi- tal. Cordova, city, cap. of the above province, is in lat. 31 30' S. and Ion. 63 30' W. on the river Primero, 450 m. N. N. W. Buenos Ayres. Pop. 6,000. It has a university. It carries on a consid- erable trade, particularly in mules, who are col- lected in immense droves from the neighboring provinces, and sent over the Andes to Peru. Cordova, t. Mexico, in Vera Cruz. It contains 800 families, and carries on a great trade in sugar and tobacco. 150 m. E. Mexico. Lon.9656' E. Lat. 18 50' N. Cordouan Tour de, a light-house in France, at the mouth of the Garonne, 40 m. S. W. La Ro- chelle, 57 N. W. Bourdeaux. Lat. 45 35' 15" N. Core Sound, on the coast of N. C. 20 miles long. Lon. 77 5' \V. Lat. 34 38' N. It communicates with Pamlico sound on the N. ; Beaufort inlet leads into it on the S. Corea, a large country of Asia, E. of China, and consisting of a peninsula, formed on one side by the Yellow sea, and on the other by the sea of Japan, 400 miles long, and 1 50 broad. Very little is known to Europeans about this country. The king pays tribute to the emperor of China ; and in manners, religion, and written language, the people resemble the Chinese. The spoken dialect is entirely different. The same jealousy of for- eign intercourse exists as in China and Japan. Corella, t. Spanish Navarre, on the Alhama, 8 m. W. Tudela. Corentin, r. Guiana, falls into the Atlantic ocean, in N. lat. 5 50', about 5 leagues W. Ber- bice. Corfe-Caslle, t. Eng. in Dorsetshire, in the pe- ninsula of Purbec. The castle is of very high an- tiquity ; and was deemed impregnable before the invention of artillery. Its walls and towers are now demolished. 4 m. S. E. Wareham. Corfu, isl. in the Mediterranean, at the entrance of the gulf of Venice, 45 miles long, and 25 broad. It is the first in rank, though not in size, of the seven islands composing the Ionian republic. The climate is mild, but liable to sudden trans- itions from heat to cold. The island exports con- siderable quantities of oil and salt. Its other productions are olives, oranges, lemons, honey and wax. Pop. about 60,000. The Corfutes pro- fess, in general, the Greek religion. This island being in a manner the key of the Adriatic, has al- ways been of considerable political importance. See Ionian Islands. Corfu, (an. CWryra,) cap. of the island of Cor- fu, on the E. coast, on the slope of a promontory, at the foot of which the port opens. It is neither large nor well built ; but is very strong. The inhabitants amount to about 15,000, and carry on a considerable trade. Lon. 20 17' E. Lat. 39 40' N. Corgo, isl. in the Persian gulf, about 2 m. N. Ka- rak. Coria, t. Spanish Estremadura, on the Alagon, 110 m. W. S. VV. Madrid. Lon. 6 16' W. Lat. 39 56' N. Pop. 4 r 500. Coringa, s-p. Hind, in the northern circars, on the W. side of the bay of Bengal. It is the best port on the coast of Coromandel. It carries on a considerable trade with Bengal and Pegue. Lon. 82 29' E. Lat. 16 49' N. Corinth, t. Greece, in the Morea, near the isth- mus of Corinth. In ancient times it was one of the most flourishing cities of Greece, adorned with theatres, fountains and various public build- ings, from the style of which a new order of archi- tecture took its name. But the greater part of this magnificence disappeared on the capture of the town by Mummius, the Roman consul, in B. C. 146, when the chefs d'teurre of art were either broken in pieces by the soldiers, or transported to Rome. At the present day, Corinth presents more the appearance of a village than a town. The traces of the ancient walls are however dis- cernable, and the citadel, or Acro-Coritilkos, still remains. Corinth had two harbors : one of which still forms the port of the town ; the other in the gulf of Egina, called Cenchrea, is now little fre- quented. 48 m. E. Athens, 342 S. W. Constanti- nople. Lon. 23 28' 29' E. Lat. 37 58' 22' N. Pop. about 1,400. Corinth, Isthmus of, the narrow neck of land, which separates the gulf of Lepanto from that of Egina, and connects the peninsula of the Morea with the rest of Greece. In its narrowest part it is only 5 or 6 miles across. Corinth, p-t. Penobscot co. Maine, at the fork of the roads, 18 m. N.W. Bangor. Pop. 296. It is a fine flourishing town. Corinth, p-t. Orange co. Vt. 41 m. N. Windsor. Pop. 1,907. Corinth, t. Saratoga co. N.Y. Pop. 1,490. Cork. co. Ireland, bounded N. by Limerick, E. by Tipperary and Waterford, S. by the ocean, and W. by Kerry. It contains 19 baronies, 269 parish- es, 76,739 houses, and 416,000 inhabitants. Cork, the second city of Ireland, is on the Lee, 420 m. S. W. Dublin. Lon. 8 30'- W. Lat. 51 40' N. The town has been very much enlarged and improved of late, and its population is now esti- mated at 90,000. It stands about 16 miles from the sea, and its harbor, or the Cove of Cork, 9 miles below the town, has long been celebrated as one of the finest in the world. It is sufficiently ca- pacious for any number of vessels ; and the en- trance is deep and narrow, and defended by a fort on each side. Great quantities of salt provisions are exported from Cork, and during the slaughter- ing season, 100,000 head of black cattle are pre- pared. The other exports consist of butter, can- dles, soap, whiskey, &c. Its manufactures arc sail-cloth, sheeting-paper, leather, glue, glass, coarse cloth, &c. Corlal, t. Asia Minor, on the gulf of Is Nikmid, near the ruins of the ancient Chalcedon. Corlay, t. France, 20 m. S. St. Brieux. Cork'one, or Coriglione, t Sicily, 24 m. S. S. W. Palermo. Pop. 12,000. Corlin, t. Prussian states, in Farther Pomera- nia. Pop. 900. 14 m. S. E. Colberg. Lon. 15 45' E. Lat. 54 2' N. Cormachifi, Cape, on the N, coast of Cyprus. Lon. 33 5' E. Lat. 35 3tf N. Cormanline, t. Gold coast of Africa, 3 m. E. An- namaboe. Come/0, t. Italy, 38 m. N. W. Rome. Cornish, p-t. Yorkco. Maine, on Saco river, 50 m. N. York. Pop. 1,088. Cornish, p-t. Cheshire co. N. H. on Connecticut river, 16 m. S. Dartmouth college, 34 N. W. Con- cord. Pop. 1,701. Cornouaille, t. France, 21 m. W. Augers. CornviUe, p-t. Somerset co. Maine, 1 1 m. E. N. E. Norridgewock, 44 N. Hallowell. Pop. 652. Weaserunset river runs through the centre of the town, and several mills are erected on it. Cornwall, maritime co. England, forming; & COR S. W. extremity of Great Britain. It is surround- ed by the sea, except on the E. side, where it is bounded by Devonshire. It is washed on the N. by the Bristol channel, and on the S. by the Brit- ish channel, the Land's End being the point at which these two seas meet. It contains 1,407 sq. miles, and 188,117 inhabitants; families 44,189, of which number 17,465 are engaged in agricul- ture, 10,954 in trade and manufactures, and 15,770 in other ways. The principal wealth of Cornwall is derived from its mines. In 1800, there were 45 mines of copper, 28 of tin, 18 of opperand tin, 2 of lead, 1 of lead and silver, 1 of copper and silver, 1 of silver, 1 of copper and co- balt, 1 of tin and cobalt, and 1 of antimony. The annual produce of the copper mines has lately amounted in value to 350,000 ; and of the tin mines to more than -250,000. This county pos- sesses more parliamentary boroughs than any oth- er in the kingdom, and sends 44 members to par- liament. Cornwall, t. St. Ormond co. Up. Canada, on the St. Lawrence, 60 m. below Prescott. Cornwall, t. Addison co. Vt. on Otter creek, 36 m. S. Burlington. Pop. 1,120. Cornwall, p-t. Litchfield co. Conn, on the E. side of Housatonick river, 10m. N. W. Litchfield. Pop. 1,662. There is a Foreign Mission School in this place, under the direction of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, es- tablished in 1817, for the purpose of educating heathen youth from various parts of the world. After they have received their education, they are sent home to instruct their own country- men. In 1821 the number of pupils was 29 ; of whom 19 were American Indians, and 6 from the islands of the Pacific ocean. Several natives of the Sandwich islands, who were educated at this school, have already returned to their country well qualified for usefulness. Cornwall, p-t. Orange co. N. Y. on the Hudson, below Newburg, 52 m. N. New York. Pop. 3,020. In this town is West Point. Cornwall bridge, p-v. Litchfield co. Ct. Cornwall, Cape, at the S. W. extremity of Eng- land. Lon. 5 55' W. Lat. 50 10' N. Cornwall, Cape, the S.W. point, on Endeavour Straits, in New Holland. Lon. 141 E. Lat. 10 43* S. Cornwall, New, a name applied to the country on the W. coast of N. America, extending from lat. 53 15' to 57" 5' N. Cornwullis, co. comprehends that part of Lower Canada, which lies on the S. side of the St. Law- rence, between Devonshire and the District of Gaspe. Cornwallis, t. on the W. coast of Nova Scotia, 42 m. N. W. Halifax. Cornwallis Point, cape, near the N. W. coast of N. America. Lon. 225 57' E. Lat. 56 56' N. Corny, (an. Apamea^) t. Arabia, at the conflu- ence of the Tigris and Euphrates. Coro, s-p. Caraccas, in a dry sandy plain, to- tally destitute of water. 240 m. W. Caraccas. Lon. 69 40' W. Lat. 11 24' N. Coromandel, a long line of sea coast, on the W. side of the bay of Bengal, extending from the Kistnah river to Point Calymere, nearly 350 miles. Although it contains a number of flourishing towns, it does not possess a good harbor in its whole extent. COR 199 Coron, s-p. Morea, on a peninsula, in the gulf of Coron, 16 m. S. Modon, 40 S. W. Misitra. Coronota, isl. Austrian empire, in the Adriatic. Lon. 15 40' E. Lat. 44 5' N. Corowcfo, t. Buenos Ayres, 5 leagues S. W. San- ta Fe. Corps, t. France, 25 m. S. E. Grenoble. Corpsnuds, t. France, 10 m. S. S. E. Rennes. Corral de Almaguer, t. Spain, in New Castile, 21 m. fr. Ocana. Pop. 4,000. Corrcgio, t. Italy, 10 m. N. W. Modena. Corresse, t. States of the Church, 12 m. N. Ti- voli. Correse, r. France, which runs into the Vezere, a branch of the Dordogne. Correse, a department of France, bounded N. by Creuse, E. by Puy de Dome and Cantal, S. by Lot, S. W. by Dordogne, and N. W. by Vieune. Tulle is the capital. Pop. 255,000. Correse, t. France, 8m N. E. Tulle. Corridico, t Istria, 37 m. S. by E. Trent. Corrie. See Hutton and Come. Corrientes, Cape, on the E. coast of Africa. Lnt. 23 48' S. Corrienles, t. Buenos Ayres, at the junction of the Parana and Paraguay. Pop. in 1801, 4,500. 480 m. N. Buenos Ayres. Lon. 58 25' W. Lat. 27 27' S. Corrientes, cape, on the W. coast of S. Ameri- ca, in lat. 5 30' N. ; another, on the S. coast of Cuba, in Ion. 84 30' W. lat. 21 38' N. ; another, on the coast of Mexico, in the Pacific ocean, in Ion. 105 20' W. lat. 20 22' N. Corrigrua, t. Ireland, in VVexford, 7 m. S. New- borough. Corrina, t. Somerset co. Maine. Pop. 411. Corrq/in, t. Ireland, in Clare, 7 m. N. N. W, Ennis. Corrubedo, Cape, Spain, on the coast of Galicia, Lat. 42 35' N. Corse, t. France, 9 m. N. E. Angers. Corseul, v. France, 5 m. W. Dinant. Corsham, t. Eng. in Wilts, 5 m. S. W. Chip- penham. Pop. 2,395. Corsica, one of the largest islands in the Medi- terranean, situated between the coast of Genoa and the island of Sardinia. It is 110 miles long, and contains 4.300 square miles, and in 1815, 174,702 inhabitants. Corsica is covered with mountains, which rise to a great height, and have their tops covered with snow during the greater part of the year. The soil, though stony and but little cultivated, is productive in corn, excellent wine, oranges, lemons, figs, and other fruits, but the wealth of the island lies in its oil, chesnuts and timber. The religion is Roman Catholic. This island has been successively occupied by the Carthagenians, the Romans, the Goths, the Sara- cens, the Franks, the Pope, the Pisans, the Geno- ese, the English and the French. It now belongs to France, and is divided into 2 departments, Gol and Liamone. Corso, Cape, the N. point of Corsica. Lon. 9* 35' E. Lat. 42 59' N. Corsoer, t. Denmark, in the island of Zealand, opposite Nyeborg in Funen, 52 m. S. W. Copen- hagen. Corslorphine, v. Scotland, 3 m. W. Edinburgh. Corte, t. Corsica, 27 m. S. W. Bastia. Corte Maggiore, t. Italy, 6 m. W. Piacenza. Cortemiglia, t. Piedmont, on the Bormida, 12 m. S. E. Alba. 200 COS COS Corllandt. See Courtlandt. Cortona, a small fortified t. in the grand dutchy of Tuscany. 45 m. S. E. Florence, 83 N. Rome. Lon. 1 1 58' E. Lat. 43 16' N. Pop. 4,000. Corunna, s-p. Spain, in Galicia, on a peninsula, on the N. W. coast. It is divided into the upper and lower towns. The former, which lies on the declivity of a hill, is surrounded with a wall, and defended by a citadel. It is the seat of the su- preme court of justice for Galicia, and contains a royal arsenaS. The harbour is spacious and se- cure. The principal exports are pilchards and cattle. A packet sails hence every month for Ha- vannah. The intercourse likewise between Spain and England is chiefly kept up by packets from Corunna to Falmouth. On the 16th January 1809 a battle was fought here between the British un- der Sir John Moore, and the French under Soult. Lon. 8 20' 23" W. Lat. 4323'32" N. Corro, small isl. one of the Azores, barren and rocky. Pop. 700. Corwen, t. Wales, in Merioneth, on the Dee, 10 m. W. Liangollen. Corydon, p-t. Harrison co. Indiana, 10 m. from Ohio river, 25 W. Jeffersonville, 20 from New Al- bany. The settlement was begun in 1809. Pop. in 1819, 1,000. In the neighbourhood there is a cave which produces epsom-salts and salt-petre. The seat of government of the State is at present at Corydon, but is to be removed to Indianop- olis. Corzola. See Curzola. Cos. See Slanchio. Coscile, (an. Sybaris,} r. Naples, falls into the gulf of Tarento, in Ion. 16 42' E. lat. 39 46' N. Cosenza, city, Naples, cap. of Calabria Citra, the residence of a royal governor, and the see of an archbishop, is situated on seven small hills, at the foot of the Appennines, between the rivers Busiento and Crati, about 10 miles from the Med- iterranean. The environs abound in wine, oil, fruit, honey, manna, hemp and flax. 150 m. S. E. Naples. Lon. 16 41' E. Lat. 39 22' N. Pop. 15,000. Cosfeld, t of the Prussian States, 18 m. W. Mun- ster. Lon. 7 17' E. Lat 51 57' N. Coshocton, or Cochecton, p-v. in Bethel, Sullivan co. N. Y. on the Delaware, at the crossing of the turnpike, 60 m. W. Newburg, 140 from Albany. Coshocton, co. Ohio, on Muskingum river. Pop. 7,086; engaged in agriculture 1,622 ; in commerce 7, in manufactures 38. Chief town, Coshocton. Coshocton, p-t. and cap. Coshocton co. Ohio, on Muskingum river, opposite the mouth of White- woman's creek, 28 m. N. Zanesville, 66 E. Colum- bus. The Muskingum is navigable to this place for large boats. Cosia di Donda, small isl. near the W. coast of Sardinia. Cosiguirachi. See Cozquirachi. Cosinissi, small isl. in the Grecian archipelago. Lon. 25 44' E. Lat. 36 36' N. Cotlan, small isl. in the English channel. Lon. 3 23 W. Lat 48 54' N. Coslin, t. of the Prussian States, in Farther Po- merania, on the Nesebach, 4 m. from the Haiti'-. Its traffic is very brisk. 23 m. E. Colberg. Lon. 1527'E. Lat. 54 9' N. Cosin, t. Pegu, on the Irawaddy. Lon. 95 5' E. Lat 16 30' N. Cosmopoli. See Porto Ferrajo. Cosnac,t. France, 20 m. S. Saintcs Cosne, t. France, on the Loire, 15 m. S. Gicn, 27 N. Nevers. Pop. 4,700. Cospore, cap. of the district of Cachar. Lon. 93 10' E. Lat 25 N. Cossacks, a warlike people, who inhabit the Ukraine (i. e. the frontier,) or the countries bor- dering on Russia, Poland and Turkey. Their or- igin is Russian, and their language fundamental- ly the same, although mixed with Turkish and Polish words. They profess the Greek religion. They are divided into two main branches, viz. Tschemomores or Cossacks of the Black Sea, and and the Cossacks of the Don. The former occupy the W. part of the Kuban-Steppe, lying S. of the river Don, E. of the sea of Azof, and N. of the riv- er Kuban. Their number is computed at 20,000. The Cossacks of the Don occupy an extensive ter- ritory on both sides of the Don, which is included in none of the Russian governments. They live in villages of a few hundred houses, and support themselves, when at home, by fishing and the breeding of cattle. They shew little inclination for agricultural pursuits, although many parts of their territory are very fertile. Their capital is Tscherkask, near the mouth of the Don. They enjoy great privileges, when compared with the other members of the Russian empire, paying no poll money, and manufacturing their own salt and spirits duty free. In return, each man is account- ed a soldier, receives no pay in time of peace, and is bound to maintain two horses, for which the crown supplies oats and hay only during six months of the year. Their number amounts to 40,000 fighting men. Cosse le Vivien, t. France, 9 m. W. S. W. La- val. Cosseir, s-p. Egypt, on the coast of the Red Sea, by which the communication between that coun- try and Arabia is chiefly maintained. Lon. 34 8' E. Lat. 26 8' N. Cossimbazar, a large manufacturing town in Bengal, on Bhagarutty river, comprising the Eng- lish, Dutch, and French factories. It has been long celebrated for its silk manufactures. The tract encompassed by the Bhagarutty, Jellingy, and Ganges rivers, is called by Europeans the Cossimbazar island, and abounds with all descrip- tions of game. 90 m. N. Calcutta. Lon. 88 15' E. Lat. 24 10' N. Cosslin. See Coslin. Cossoney, t. Switzerland, 12 m. S. Yverdun* Pop. 2,230. Cossova, t. Eu. Turkey, in Servia, on an eleva- ted plain of the same name. Cosswig. See Coswick. Costa, r. W. Africa, falls into the gulf of Guinea at the town of Grand Bassam. Lon. 4 15' W. Lat 5 25' N. Costa Rica, a province of Guatimala, bounded N. by Nicaragua, S. E. by Veragua, W. and S. W. by the Pacific. Coslheim, v. Germany on an island in the Rhine, at the mouth of the Maine, 1 m. E. Mentz. Cosligliola, t. Piedmont, near Asti ; one llm. S. W. Savigliano. Costnilz. See Constance. Costosa, v. Venetian territory, 5 m. S. Vicenza. Costow, r. Eng. flows into the Derwent, 2 m. N. New Malton. Cosicick, t. Germany, in the principality of An- halt-Bernburg, 6 m. E. Dessau. Lon, 12" 32' E. Lat. 51" 55' N. COT Coss/in. See Coslin. Cotabamba, a province of Peru, bounded N. by Abancay, S. by Chilques and Masques, W. by Chumbivilcas, and N. W. by Aimaraez. Pop. 10,000. Cotaco, now Morgan, co. Alabama. Cotais or Cotatis, cap. of Imeretia, on the Pha- sis, 1 10 m. W. N. VV. Teflis. Lon. 43 10' E. Lat. 42 26' N. Cote La, is the name given to a part of the Pays de Vaud, extending for fifteen miles along the lake of Geneva, between the rivers Aubonne and Dou- live. It is one of the most populous and beautiful tracts in Switzerland, and is particularly famed for its wine, called from it cin de la Cote. Cote N. CotM/jdutrict, Scotland, the peninsula betwee* the frith of Clyde and Loch Fine. C R A Cowdersport, t. and cap. Potter co. Pa. Coweliskee River, N. America, runs into the Co- lumbia river about 100 m. from its mouth. Cowes, West, s-p. Eng. in the Isle of Wight. Its harbor is one of the safest and most commodious m the British channel. The trade is considerable, chiefly in provisions and other articles, for ships which ride here, waiting for convoy or favorable winds. 12 m. W. S. W. Portsmouth. Cowford, ford in St. John's river, Florida, 28 m. from the bar at the mouth of the river. Cowie, r. Scotland, falls into the ocean at Stone- haven. Cow Island, (Isle de Caches,) in Missouri river, 380 m. above its mouth. Here the expedition to the Yellowstone wintered in 1818-19. Cowl Doorg, t. and fort, Hind, in Bednore. Lon. 7511'E. Lat. 1317'N. Cowpasture, r. Va. one of the principal branches of James river. Cowpetis, in Union co. S. C. between Pacolet and Broad rivers, the place where Gen. Morgan defeated the British under Col. Tarleton, Jan. 11, 1781. Cowpershill, p-v. Robertson co. N. C. Coirs Bay, or Bahia das Vaccas, a bay of Ben- ^uela, in Western Africa. Coz, cape, on the N. W. coast of America. Lat. 5130'N. Coxaekie, p-t. Greene co. N. Y. on the Hudson, 25 m. S. Albany, 8 above Catskill. Pop. 2,355. There are 3 landings in this town. The village of Coxackie contains about 100 dwelling houses, and a church. New Baltimore was set off from the N. E. part of this town in 181 1. Coyau, settlement, Tenn. on Tennessee river, 30 m. below Knoxville. Coylton, parish, Scotland, Ayrshire, on the banks of the Ayr and Doon. Coziquiriacki, Santa Rosa de, t. Mexico, in the intendency of Durango, 24 leagues S. W. Chihu- ahua. Pop. of the district 10,700. Cozumel, isl. near the E. coast of Yucatan. Lat. 1956'N. C'roA,one of the Virgin isls. See Bitka. Crab-bottom, or Hulls, p-v. Pendleton co. Va. Crab-orchard, p-v. Washington co. Va. Crab-orchard, p-t Lincoln co. Ken. on Dick's river, 8 m. from Cumberland river, 25 S. E. Dan- ville. Cracow, a free city of Poland, is situated in lat. 50 N. and Ion. 20 E. in an extensive plain, at the confluence of the Rudowa with the Vistula, 128 miles S. S. W. of Warsaw, near the point where the Russian, Prussian and Austrian dominions meet. It has three suburbs, one of which, Casi- mir, lies on the opposite bank of the Vistula. The town is well situated for trade and is a staple city for Hungarian, Silesian, and Galician wares. The population is 25,000, of whom many are Jews. In 1815, by an act of the congress of Vienna, Cra- cow, with a small territory adjacent, was consti- tuted a free state under the protection of Russia, Prussia and Austria. The whole territory inclu- ded in the new state contains 430 square miles and 61,000 inhabitants. The form of government is a democracy. The prevailing religion is the Ro- man Catholic, but all others are tolerated. Lon. 19 57' 9" E. Lat. 50 3 38" N. Cradoo, s-p. Bonin, in Africa, on the bay of La- gos, at the mouth of the Palmar. Crnftxbury, p-t. Orleans co. Vt. 28 m. N. Mont- C R A 203 pelier. Pop. 605. The courts of the county were formerly held here. Craigag Point. See Crakag Point. Craigie's mills, p-v. Oxford co. Maine. Craig-Logan, promontory, Scotland, on the W. coast of W T igtonshire, 10 m. fr. Stranraer. Craig Point, cape, N. W. coast of America, on the N. coast of the Duke of York's island. Lat. 56 30' N. Crail, a royal burgh and parish of Scotland, in Fife, at the entrance of the frith of Forth, 10 m. S. E. St. Andrews. Pop. 1,600. Crakag Point, promontory, Scotland, on the E. coast of Sutherlandshire. Lat. 58 6' N. Cramond, v. Scotland, at the conflux of the Forth and the Almond, 5 m. W. Edinburgh. Cranberry, r. N. W Territory, which runs into the S. W. end of Lake Superior. Cranberry, p-t. Middlesex co. N. J. 9 m. E. Princeton, 16 S. S. W. Brunswick. Cranberry, t. Butler co. Pa. Pop. 765. Cranberry Islands, 2 in number, on the coast of Maine, near the S. E. coast of Mount Desert. Cranbome, t. Eng. in Dorsetshire, 1H m. S. W. Salisbury. Lon. 154' W. Lat. 50 56' N. Cranbrook, t. Eng. in Kent, 49 m. S. S. E. Lon- don. Pop. 2,994. Craney, small island, Va. in Hampton Roads, on the S. side of James river, at the mouth of Eliz- abeth river, 5 m. S. W. Fort George. It has a strong fort, which commands the entrance of both rivers. Cranganore, s-p. India, on the coast of Malabar. Lat. 10 15' N. Cransac, large v. France, 15 m. N. W. Rhodez. Cranston, v. Scotland, 9 m. S. E. Edinburgh. Cranston, t. Providence co. R. I. on the W. bank of Providence river, 5 m. S. Providence. Pop. 2,274. It contains 4 houses of public worship, 2 for Baptists, 1 for Quakers, and 1 for Methodists. Iron ore of an excellent quality is found here. The manufacture of cotton is carried on exten- sively in this town. In this town is the village of Pawtuxet, which see. Craonne, t. France, in Aisne, 11 m, S. E. Laon. Craponne, t. France, in Upper Loire, 14 m. W. Monistrol. Pop. 330. Crati, (an. Crathis^) r. Naples, in Calabria Ci- tra, falls into the gulf of Tarento, after uniting with the Coscile. Cmio, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 11 m. W. Porta- legre. Pop. 3,000. Craven, co. in Newbern district, N. C. Pop. 13,374; slaves 5,027; engaged in agriculture 3,200, in commerce 183, in manufactures 450. Chief town, Newbern. Crawford, v. Scotland, 40 m. S. W. Edinburgh. Crawford^ co. Pa. bounded N. by Erie co. E. by Warren co. S. by Venango and Mercer counties, and W. by Ohio. Pop. 9,397; engaged in agri- culture 2,020, in commerce 13, in manufactures 195. Chief town, Meadville. Crawford, co. Indiana. Pop. 2,583; engaged in agriculture 681, in commercel,inmanufactures36. Crawford, co. Illinois, on the Wabash. Pop. 3,022; engaged in agriculture 975, in commerce 5, in manufactures 21. Crawford, co. Michigan. Pop. 492. Crawford, t. Pulaski co. Arkansas. Pop. 547. Crav>ford,co. Arkansas. Seatofjustice,FortSmith. Crawfurdsdike, or Cartsdike, v. Scotland, forms the Suburb of Greeuock on the E. 204 C R E C R I CraivU-k, r. Scotland, falls into the ISith, near Sanquhar. Cray, St. Mary, t. Eng. in Kent, 13 m. E. S. E. London. Cray ford, t. Eng. in Kent, on the river Cray, 13 m. E. S. E. London. Creanc es, or Creange, s-p. France, 10 m. S.Cou- tances. Crecy, or Crcssy en Ponthieu, t. France, in Somme ; celebrated for the great victory gained on 26th August, 1346, by Edward III. of England, over Phillip VI. of France. It stands on the Maye, 100 m. N. Paris. Lon. 1 58' E. Lat 50 16'N. Crediton, t. Eng. in Devonshire, on the Creedy, 7 m. S. E. Exeter. Pop. 5,178. Crce, r. Scotland, issues from Loch-Moan, arid empties into Wigton bay at the burgh of Crec- town. Creedy, r. Eng. flows into the Ex, near Exe- ter. Creegcr stoicn, t. Frederick co. Md. on the Mon- ocacy, river, 11 m. N. Frederickton. Creek Agency, Baldwin co. Geo. on Flint river, 30 m. W. Fort Hawkins. Here is a post-office. Creeks, Indians, inhabiting the western parts of Georgia, and the eastern parts of Alabama. Their principal settlements are on the Coosa, Tallapoosa, and Chatahoochee rivers. The coun- try is fertile and salubrious, covered with" fine timber, watered by numerous navigable rivers, and sufficiently extensive to support, with proper cultivation, more than a million souls. The num- ber of the Creeks was formerly estimated at 24,000, of whom 6,000 were warriors, but in their war with the U. S. in 1813-14, they suffered severe losses. They now amount to 20,000, and are the most warlike tribe on this side the Mis- sissippi. For several years past, efforts have been made to introduce among them agriculture and the arts of civilized life, and with considerable success. Creek path, missionary station among the Cher- okees,'on the S. side of Tennessee river, in Ala- bama, about 60 m. from Taloney and 100 W. Brai- nerd. Creetoicn, v. Scotland, in Kirkcudbrightshire, at the entrance of the Cree into Wigton bay. Crefeld. See Crevelt. Creil, t. France, on the Oise, 30 m. N. Paris. Crema, t. Italy, capital of the Cremasco. It is on the Serio and Travacone, is well built and for- tified. It is the see of a bishop, and has a splendid cathedral. Pop. 8,800. 20 m. N. W. Cremona, 22 E. S. E. Milan. Lon. 9 41' 57" E. Lat. 4521' 20" .V. Cremasco, or Territory of Crema, country, Italy, between the Adda and Oglio, 74 miles long and 46 broad. Crerncaux, t. France, 9 m. S. Roanne. Cremieu, t. France, in Isere, 17 m. E. Lyons. Pop. 2,123. Cremmen, t. Prussia, 22 m. N. N. W. Berlin. Cremnrtzjinining t. Hungary ,situated amidst lof- ty mountains. The number of miners is 1,500, the total population 10,200. 18 m. N. W. Schemnitz, 100 E. Vienna. Lon. 18 53" 45" E. Lat. 48 42' 3"N. Cremona, city, Lombardy, cap. of the Cremo- ncse, stands in a beautiful plain, about $ of a mile from the Po. A canal passes through the town, and unites the Po with the Oglio. Here are 44 churches and chapels, 43 convents, an obscure university, and a population of nearly 30,000. The tower of Cremona is 372 feet high, and from its top is a fine view of the fertile plains of Lom- bardy. 38 m. S.E. Milan. Lon. 10 2' 12" E. Lat. 45 7' 43" N. Crcms, t. Austria, on the Danube, 38 m. W. N. W. Vienna. CVeon, t. France, 11 m. S. Bourdeaux. Creran. See Linne.-loch. Cresapsburg, p-t. Alleghany co. Md. 5 m. W. Cumberland." Crcscentino, t. Piedmont, on the Po, 20 m. N. E. Turin. Pop. 4,000. Crescent Island, in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 225 30' E. Lat. 23 22' S. Crespy, t. France, 38 m. N. E. Paris. Crespy en Laonnois, t. France, 5 m. N. W. Laon. Cressy. See Crcvy. Crest, Le, or Le Cret, t. France, on the Drome. 45 m. S.W. Grenoble. Pop. 4,500. Crete. See Cundia. Crevant, t. France, near the conflux of the Eure and the Yonne, 134 m. S. by E. Paris. Lon. 3 39' E. Lat. 47 42' N. Crevecoeur, t. France, in dep. of North, on the Scheldt, 5 m. S. Cambray. Pop. 1,500. Crevecoeur, t. France, in Oise. Pop. 2,013. Crevelt, t. Prussian States, west of the Rhine, 6 m. N. W. Dusseldorf. Lon. 6 22' E. Lat. 51 18' N. Pop. 8,300. Crevillente, t. Spain, in Valencia. Lon. 1 43' W. Lat. 38 28' N. Pop. 9,000. Crews, or Cruz, Capo de, Spain, on the coast of Catalonia. Lat. 42 19' N. Creuse, r. France ; after a course of 40 leagues, it falls into the Vienne. Crsuse, a department of France, on the river Creuse. It contains 2,300 sq. miles, and 227,000 inhabitants. Gueret is the capital. Crewsen, t. Bavaria, 7 m. S. Bayreuth. Creuts, t. Austria, 118m. S. Vienna. Lon. 16' 32' 18"E. Lat. 46 1' 16" N. Creulzberg, v. Germany, in Hesse, 25 m. E. S. E. Cassel. Lon. 10 20' E. Lat. 51 5' N. Cre.uisburg, t. Germany, in Saxe Weimar, 7 m. N. N. W. Eisenach. Lon. 10 16' E. Lat. 51* 6'N. Creutzburg, t. Silesia, 28 m. E. N. E. Brieg. Lon. 18 16'E. Lat. 50 56' N. Pop. 1,780. Creulsburg, t. Prussia, 15 m. S. S. W. Konigs- berg. Creulzenach, t. Prussian states, in the province of the Lower Rhine, on the Nahe. Pop. 3,200. 18 m. S. W. Mentz. Lon. 7 49' E. Lat. 49 48' N. Creuz, promontory in Catalonia. Lon. 3 20' 50" E. Lat. 42 19' 35" N. Crewkerne, t. Eng. in Somersetshire, 20 m. S. E. Taunton. Pop. 3,021. Creu'svillc, p-v. Hanover co. Va. Crichlon, v. Scotland, 11 m. S. E. Edinburgh, Crichion's store, p-v. Brunswick co. Va. Crickhotcell, t. Wales, in Brecknockshire, near the Usk, 6 m. N.W. Abergavenny. Cricklade, t. Eng. in Wiltshire, on the S. bank of the Thames, 84$ m. W. N. W. London. <:ri<-ff, t. Scotland, 18 m. W. Perth. Pop. 3,330. Crillon, Cape, on the S. coast of Saghalin. Lon, 142 54' E. Lat. 45 57' N, Crimea, or Crim Tartary, (the Chersonesus Tau- rica of the ancients), a peninsula of Eu. Russia, in UK: H. of the government of Taurida, between lat. 44 30' and 46 N. and formed by the Bla-k C R O sea on the W. and S. and the sea of Azoph on the E. It is 208 miles long, and 124 broad, and con- tains 5,625 sq. miles. The river Salgir divides the Crimea into two parts, the northern of which consists of salt marshes, and vast heaths, which afford pasture to numerous flocks of sheep. The southern portion of the peninsula is one of the most delightful spots on the face of the globe. The mountains inclose vallies of the greatest fertility, enjoying a fine climate, and rich in all the fruits of the South. Owing to the encouragement of the Russian government, the population, commerce and wealth of the Crimea have of late greatly in- creased. The population is now estimated at 300,000. Crio, Cope, the S. W. point of the island of Candia. Lon. 23 22' E. Lat. 35 16' N. Crio, Cape, on the W. coast of Natolia. Lat. 36 40' N. Criqueb(euf sur Mer, s-p. France, 7 m. W. Har- fleur. Cris Big and Little, two points on the N. shore of Lake Superior, E. of isle Grange, Upper Cana- da, and surrounded by islands; between these points is a noted and safe harbor. Crissu, (an. Crissa,) v. Greece, on Parnassus, 3 m. fr. Castria. Croatia, country, Europe, extending from the river Drave to the gulf of Venice, between lat. 44 5' 48" and 46 25' 50" N. It is bounded E. by Sclavonia and Bosnia, and W. by Carniola and Styria ; its length is 180 miles, and its breadth about 100. It belongs principally to Austria, but partly to Turkey. The tract lying between the rivers Unna and Verbas belongs to Turkey. Aus- trian Croatia is divided into : 1. The Banat, or civil department ; 2. The Generalat, or military division ; 3. The Littoralc, or maritime tract, be- tween Fiume and Carlopago. The first of these divisions has a government and provincial states similar to those of Hungary ; the constitution of the second is entirely military ; and the third has a separate governor. Austrian Croatia contains. 9,421 sq. miles, and 800,000 inhabitants. The in- habitants are divided into two great classes, the Germans and Sclavonians. The religion is either the Catholic or Greek. Croghan's gap, p-v. Cumberland co. Pa. Croghanrille, t. Sandusky co. Okio, on the E. aide of Sandusky river, opposite Fort Stephenson, 20 m. above its mouth, 105 E. Columbus. Pop. 78. Croja, t. Eu. Turkey, in Albania, 18m. N. E. Durazzo,28 S. Scutari. Pop. 6,000. Croisette, promontory on the S. coast of France, near Marseilles. Croisic, Le, s-p. France, on a point of land be- tween the mouths of the Vilaine and the Loire. 40 m. W. Nantes. Lat. 47 17' 43" N. Pop. 2,310. Cromar. See Marr. Cromarty, county, Scotland, formed of several detached portions within the county of Ross. Pop. 4,000. Cromarty, s-p. Scotland, in Cromarty co. is on a peninsula between the friths of Cromarty and Murray. It has a safe and commodious harbour. I'"!'. 2,413. 19 m. N. E. Inverness. Cramer, s-p. Eng. in Norfolk, 21 m. N. Nor- wich. Lon. 0"30' E. Lat. 52 55' N. Cromford, t. Eng. in Derbyshire, on the Der- u ".t, 141 m. N.London. Pop. 1,259. -Inn, t. En*, near Mnwhestfir. Pop. 4,746. C R O 205 Cronach, r. Franconia, falls into the White Maine, 20 m. E. Culmbach. Cronach, t. Bavaria, 13 m. E. Coburg, 30 N. E. Bamberg. Lon. 11 20' E. Lat. 50 15' N. Cronat sur Loire, t. France, in Saone and Loire, 32m. S.W. Autun. Pop. 1,211. Cronberg, t. Germany, 9 m. N.W. Frankfort on the Maine. Cronborg, a fortress of Denmark, on the island of Zealand, on a point of land on the W. side of the Sound, a little N. of Elsinore, and opposite Helsingborg, in Sweden. It is intended to guard the passage of the sound ; 24 m. N. Copenhagen. Lon. 1235'E. Lat. 50 3' N. Crone, t. of the Prussian states, in Posen. 56 m. S. Dantzic. Pop. 2,000. Cronebane, hill, Ireland, in Arklow, 8 m. S. S. W. Wicklow, famous for iron and sulphur. Cronstad!, s-p. and fortress of Russia, in the gov- ernment of St. Petersburg, at the S. E. extremity of the island of Retusari, in the gulf of Fmland, The principal public buildings are the imperial hospital for sailors, the civil hospital, the bar- racks, the English and German churches, &c. The harbour is very spacious, and is the principal sta- tion of the Russian navy. The docks can hold ten men of war. Here is a foundry for casting can- non, and a rope-walk for manufacturing cables of all sizes, with great magazines of naval stores. Cronstadt is defended towards the sea by fortifica- tions projecting into the water, and towards the land by ramparts and bastions. The principal passage to St. Petersburg is between this town and Cronschlott. This channel is of sufficient depth for the largest ships, and can be opened and shut at pleasure. The principal exports are iron, flax, hemp, linseed, oil and tar. Pop- 40,000, of whom. 10,000 are sailors ; 22 m. W. of St. Petersburg. Lon. 29 49' 30" E. Lat. 59 59' 26" N. Cronstadt, a large trading town of Tran=r r lva- nia, on the Farcas. Pop. 23,000. 50 m. E. N. E. Hermannstadt. Lon. 25- 33' 47" E. Lat. 45 36' 30" N. Crooked creek, Pa. runs into the Alleghany 8 m , below Kittaning. Crooked creek bridge, p-v. Armstrongco. Pa. Crooked Islands, among the Bahamas. Lon. 74 W. Lat. 22 30' N. Crooked Lake, in Steuben and Ontario counties, N. Y. communicates by an outlet, 5 miles long, with Seneca lake. It is 18 miles long, and \\ broad. Crooked river, Maine, runs into Sebago pond after a S. E. course of about 40 miles. Crooked river, Camden co. Geo. runs into the Atlantic between the Satilla and the St. Mary's, 12 or 14 m. N. St. Mary's. Crooked river, Illinois, runs into the Illinois from the N.W. 75 m. above its mouth. Cropani, t. Naples, 9 m. E. N. E. St. Severina. Cropredy, v. Eng. in Oxford co. 3 m. N. Ban- bury. Crosby, p-t. Hancock co. Maine. Crosby, p-t. Hamilton co. Ohio, on the Miami, opposite Colerain. Pop. 1,721. Crou Anchor, p-v. Spartanburg co. S. C. Cross creeks. See Fayeflerille. Cross creek, t. Washington co. Pa. Pop. 1 ,908. Cross creek, or Indian cross creek, r. Ohio, which runs into the Ohio 3 m. below Steubenvillc. Cross creek, t. Jefferson co. Ohio, 3 m. W. Steu- bcnville. Pop. 1,651. 206 C R U Cross island, on the coast of Maine, at the en- trance into Machias bay. Lon. 67 15' W. Cross Keys, p-v. Southampton co. Va. Cross Keys, p-v. Union co. S. C. Cross Luke, N. Y. on the borders of Cayuga and Onondago counties. Seneca river passes through it. Cross River, W. Africa, falls into the sea at the head of Old Calabar bay. Cross Cape, on the E. coast of Florida. Lon. 84 50' W. Lat.4627'N. Cross Cape, N. W. coast of America, the S. E. point of Cross sound. Lat. 57 56' N. Cross river, p-v. VVestchester co. N. Y. Cross roads, v. in New-London, Chester co. Pa. 27 m. S. E. Lancaster, 11 N. by W. Elkton Md. and .3 W. N. W. Wilmington Del. Cross roads, v. Kent co. Md. 2 m. S. Georgetown. Cross Sound, a spacious opening on the N. W. coast of America, between Cape Spencer on the continent, and Point Bingham on the coast of King George '3 archipelago. Lat. 58 8' N. C/wrfwi, t Germany, b'8 m. E. S. E. Berlin. Cnsstcieks, v. Burlington co. N. J. 4 m. S. W. Alleritjwn, 8 S. E. Trenton, 14 S. W. Burlington. Crostolo, r. Italy, joins the Po above Guastalla. Crolendorf, v. Saxony, 18 m. S. Chemnitz. Croton creek, rises in New-Fairfield, Ct. and running acrosc- Putnam and VVestchester counties, N. Y. falls into the Tappan sea in Hudson river. At Croton-falis the water descends perpendicular- ly 60 or 70 feet. A bridge erected across the creek 3 mile- i'rom its mouth, commands a fine view of the fails. Croloi,; Le, s-p. France, on the Somme, 12 m. N. W. Abbeville. Lat. 50 12 7 45" N. Pop. 870. Cfony, t. France, 10 m. N. E. Meaux. Crouzi.de, La, t. France, 10 m. S. E. Limoges. Cr'iw, r. Missouri Territory, which runs into the Mississippi 25 m. above St. Anthony's falls. Croiff creek, Ten. falls into the Tennessee, oppo- site Crow town, 12 m. below Nickojack town. Crow Head, cape, Ireland, the N. W. extremity of Bantry bay. Lon. 10 2' W. Lat. 51 32' N. Crowland, or Croyland, t. Eng. in Lincolnshire, 8 m. S. fepalding. Crowk, t. Eng. 36 m. N. Lincoln. Crownpoint, p-t. Essex co. N.Y. on Lake Cham- plain, 15 m. N. Ticonderoga, 184 from Montreal. Lat. 44 3; N. Lon. 73 29' W. Pop. 1,522. The fort in this town, called Crownpoint, was the most regular and expensive which the British construc- ted in America, and is conspicuous in the history of the American wars. It is now demolished. Crowsnest, mt. in the Highlands, near Hudson river, N.Y. Height, 1,330 feet. Crowsville, p-v. Spartanburg co. S. C. Croy, or Crouy, isl. in the Indian ocean. Lon. 6834'E. Lat. 48 40' S. Croyere, La, Islands, in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 134 41' W. Lat. 55 50' N. Croydon, t. Eng. in Surrey, 10 m. S. London. Pop. 7,801. Croydon, t. Cheshire co. N. H. 18 m. N. E. Charlestown, 34 N.W. Concord. Pop. 1,060. Crozon, t. France, in Finisterre, on a peninsula in the bay of Douarnenez. Pop. 8,000, mostly sail- ors and fishermen. Graces, t. Panama, on Chagre river, 5 leagues from Panama. Crugerslown, p-t. Frederick co. Md. Crumin-Water, r. Ireland, falls into Lough Neagh. CUE Crusy, t. France, 14 m. W. Beziers. Cruys, Kruys-Schans, or Fort la Crow:, frt, Netherlands, on the Scheldt, about 5 m. N. N. W. Antwerp. Cub, South and North, 2 small islands of Hud- son's bay, in James bay. Lon. 80 30' W. Lat. 54 N. Cuba, a large island in the West Indies, at the mouth of the gulf of Mexico, 764 miles long. It extends from 19 48' to 23" 15' N. Lat. and from 74 2' to 84 55' W. Lon. A chain of mountains extends from E. to W. along the whole length of the island, and divides it into two parts. The months of July and August are rainy ; the rest of the year is dry and hot. The soil is of great fertil- ity, and produces in abundance, ginger, long pep- per, and other spices ; aloes, maize, cocoa, &c. Tobacco grows also to great perfection ; it is ex- ported to Europe in leaf, snuff, and cigars, and is held superior to the tobacco of other parts of America. This article is monopolized for the ben- efit of the crown. The cultivation of sugar has also been carried to a great extent. Coffee began to be planted in Cuba after the destruction of the coffee plantations in St. Domingo. Honey and wax are also among the exports. Numerous herds of cattle feed on the extensive meadows, and are hunted chiefly for their skins, 10 or 11,000 of which are annually exported. The exports during 5 years from 1815 to 1819 inclusive, were valued at $8 1,244,808, shipped in 11,679 vessels from Havannah; the revenue from which was $18,284,797,or above $3,656,929 annually. Pop. in 1821, 630,980, of whom 296,021 are whites, 145,671 free blacks, and 225,268 slaves. The number of slaves imported into the island between 1789 and 1803, was 76,000. Principe is the capital. Cuba, a city in the island of Cuba, with a good port. Lon. 76 3' W . Lat. 20 1' N. Cubagua, small isl. near the coast of Cumana, formerly celebrated for beautiful pearls. Lon. 63 30' W. Lat. 10 42' N. Cubtfs creek, Va. runs into Staunton river, Lon. 79 W. Lat. 36 41' N. Cuck/ield, t. Eng. in Sussex, 46 m. S. London. Ouckmere, r. Eng. falls into the English chan- nel, at Cuckmere haven, 3 m. W. Beachy head. Cuckooville, p-v. Louisa co. Va. Cudagh, or Cuoylacfi Bay, on the S. W. coast of Ireland, at the entrance into Kenmare river. Lat. 51 38' N. Cuddalore, t. India, in the Carnatic, on the W. shore of the bay ot Bengal. Its position would have been more favourable than that of Madras for the chief settlement of the British on the coast of Coromandel. Lon. 79 50' E. Lat. 1 1" 40' N. Cuddapah, district, Hind, in Golconda. In 1800, it was ceded to the British. Cuddapah, the capital, is the residence of the British judge, col- lector, &c. Lon. 79 E. Lat. 14 28' N. Cudgwa, t. Hind, in Allahabad. Lon. 80 48' E. Lat. 26 6' N. Cudjeree. See Kedgeree. Cudrejin, t. Switzerland, in Fribourg, on the lake of Neufchatel, 5 m. S. E. Neufchatel, 21 W. Bern. Cuellar,t. Spain, in Old Castile, 36 m. from Se- govia. Pop. 1,704. Cuenca, city, Spain, in New Castile, capital of the province of Cuenca, is situated on a rising ground, between the rivers Huecar and Xucar. 75 m. E. Madrid, 100 W. N. W. Valencia. Pop, 6,000. Lon. 2 16' W. Lat. 40 6' 15'' N. CUM Cuenca, * province of Spain which forms the E. part of New Castile. Cuenca, t. S. America, and cap. of the province y three rivulets or branches of the river Barrady, which, after fertilizing the gardens for a course of throe leagues, flows into a hollow of the desert to the S. E. and forms a morass called DAM 211 "Behairat-el-Merdi," or the Lake of the Meadow. The city is said to contain 2,000 mosques, and 200,000 inhabitants, of whom 20,000 are Catho- lics, 5,000 Schismatics, 5,000 Jews, and the rest Mahometans. This city is the seat of extensive trade and manufactures. It was formerly celebra- ted for the manufacture of sabres of such peculiar quality, as to be perfectly elastic ; they never broke, and iron would yield under their edge. The manufacturers of arms are still numerous. There are also extensive manufactures of silk and cotton stuffs. Commerce is carried on chiefly by caravans, of which the principal is that of Mecca. Three caravans, each accompanied by above 2,500 armed men, go thrice a year to Bagdad, the jour- ney occupying 30 days ; those to Aleppo travel twice or thrice a month ; besides which, there are many to different parts of Syria, Damascus being the rendezvous of a multitude of pilgrims from all quarters, so as to resemble an immense fair. Pro- visions of all kinds are abundant. 136 m. N. Je- rusalem, 195 S. Antioch, 276 S. S. W. Diarbekir. Lon. 36 30' E. Lat. 33 30' N. Damascus, t. Wayne co. Pa. on Delaware river. 18 m. N. W. Bethany. Pop. 366. Damascus, p-v. Montgomery co. Md. Damascus, p-v. Logan co. Ohio. Damaum, s-p. on the W. coast of India, in Au- rungabad. Lon. 73 I 7 E. Lat 20 22' N. Damazcn, t. France, 17 m. S. by E. Mar- mande. Dambarh, t. France, 18 m. S. S. W. Strasburg. Dambach. See Tambach. Damery, t. France, 4 m. W. Epernay. Darnels gore, Grafton co. N. H. Pop. 28. Damgan, t. Persia, in Khorassan. Lon. 53 36' E. Lat. 35 50' N. Damgarten, t. Prussian Pomerania, on the Rcckenitz, 22 m. S. W. Stralsund. Damietfa, city, Lower Egypt, on the E. branch of the Nile, 6 miles from the sea. It is on a nar- row neck of land from 2 to 6 miles broad, between the Nile and Lake Menzaleh. The houses are built in a crescent along the bank of the river. The walls, formerly so strong, are now in ruins. It has no harbor, and vessels are obliged to lie in the road at the mouth of the river, where they are exposed to all winds. The commerce of Damiet- ta is ^notwithstanding very considerable, especial- ly with Syria, Cyprus, and other parts of the Turkish empire. It exports hides, tallow, rice, and occasionally corn ; and imports tobacco, wood, soap, cotton, oil, and raw silk. The country round Damietta is perhaps the most fertile in Egypt. This city is threatened by a serious danger from the gradual encroachments of Lake Menzaleh to- wards the river, by which the space between these two waters is gradually diminished. Another ap- prehension is, that this branch of the Nile, which is annually becoming shallower, will cease in a few years to be navigable for boats of large bur- den. Pop. 30,000 or 40,000. Lon. 31 49* 45" E. Lat. 31 25' N. Damm, Alt, fortified t. Farther Pomerania, 7 m. E. S. E. Stettin, 1 1 N. W. Stargard. Darnmartin, t. France, 25 m. N. E. Paris. Damme, fortified t. Netherlands, 3 m. N. N. E. Bruges. Damme, isl. in the Eastern sea. Lon. 128 36' E. Lat. 7 20; S. Dammische See, a large, navigable lake of the Prussian States, in Farther Pomerania, which is 212 DAN properly an expansion of the Oder. It receive? likewise the waters of the Isna and the Ploue ; is about 9 miles long and from 2J to 3 broad. Damour, (an. Tanagrus,} r. Syria, run? into the Mediterranean, between Saide and Bairout. Dampier^s Bay, or Shark's Bay, a spacious bay on the W. coast of New Holland, penetrating 150 miles into the land. Dampicrs Strait, channel from the Eastern In- dian sea to the Pacific ocean, between the islands of Waygiou and Battanta. Dan, r. rises on the borders of N. Carolina and Virginia, and flowing through a fertile country, unites with Stauntnn river, to form the Roanoke. It is navigable to Danville, where there are falls of 122 or 23 feet perpendicular ; but by the improve- ments which are contemplated, its navigation will be extended 100 miles from its mouth. Dana, t. Worcester co. Mass. 32 m. N.W. Wor- cester, 70 m. W. Boston. Pop. 664. Danbury, t. Graftonco. N. H. 25 m. N.W. Con- cord. Pop. 467. Danbury, p-t. Fail-field co. Ct. The courts are held alternately here and at Fairfield. The vil- lage contains a court-house, jail, academy, 4 churches, 1 each for Presbyterians, Episcopalians, Sandemanians and Methodists, and 200 dwelling houses. Danbury is the most considerable town in the county in the extent and variety of business carried on. Here are not less than 50 shops for the manufacture of hats. 33m. W. N. W. New Haven, 54 S. W. Hartford, 65 from N. York, 40 from Newburg. Pop. 3,873. In 1777 the town with a large quantity of military stores, was burnt by the British. In the subsequent battle between the Connecticut militia and the British troops, Maj. Gen Wooster was slain. Danbury, t. Huron eo. Ohio, comprises the pe- ninsula between Portage river and Sandusky bay. It is about 20 miles long, and 2 or 3 wide, and ter- minates in Point Prospect. A custom-house is kept at Bull island, on the southern shore of the peninsula near the point. Pop. 157. Danby, v. Eng. in Yorkshire, 7m. from Whitby. Danby, p-t. Rutland co. Vt. 32 m. W. Windsor. Pop. 1,607. Danby, p-t. Tioga co. N. Y. 8 m. N. Spencer. Pop. 2,001. Dancali, an extensive territory of E. Africa, between Abyssinia and the Red sea, the coast of which it occupies from the bay of Azab to Annes- ley bay. Dancei/s store, p-v. Northampton co. N. C. Dandridge, p-t. and cap. Jefferson co. Ten. on French Broad river, 33m. E. Knoxville. Dane, r. Eng. falls into the Wever, at North- wich. Dane's Island, near the N. W. coast of Spitzber- gcn. Lon. 9 15' E. Lat. 79 43' N. Danewick. See Sleswirk. Dangata. See Dongola. Dangeau, t. France, 9 m. N. N. E. C'hateaudun. Danger Islands, in the Pacific ocean, seen by Commodore Biron in June 1765. D\iJngilon. See Ckaprll/-. d\ In Dillon. Danholm, small isl. of the Prussian States, be- tween Stralsund and the isle of Ri>. DanieFs hill, p-v. Rowan co. N. C. D anieltr ifle, p-v. Spotsylvania co. Va. Danidsrllle, p-t. and cap. Madison ca. Geo. 90 m. from Millcdgcville. Danncmora, the most celebrated iron mine in Sweden, 30 m. N. Upsal, 60 N. N. W. Stockholm. DAN Danncnberg,t. Hanovnr, on the Jctzel, 36 m. E. S. E. Luneburg. Pop. 1,426. Danlzic, an opulent commercial city of West Prussia, on the left bank of the Vistula, 5 m. from its mouth. It is surrounded with ramparts, and has the power of laying the country on one side under water. The harbour is formed by the mouth of the Vistula ; and the cargoes of vessels drawing more than eight feet water are conveyed to the city in barks. What is properly called the gulf of Dantzic, consists of an arm of the sea, shel- tered from the north winds by the tongue of land on which stands the small town of Hela. The chief branch of trade at Dantzic consists in corn from Prussia and Poland. The principal exports are potash, hemp, flax, linen, timber, and amber. The shipping that frequent the port, belongs prin- cipally to the British, Dutch, Danes and Swedes. Among the public buildings are the cathedral, the town-house, the arsenal, and 21 churches, 12 be- longing to Lutherans, 7 to Catholics and 2 to Cal- vinists. Pop. 52,821. 68 m. W. S. W, Konigs- berg, 235 N. E. Berlin. Lon. 18 38' 32" E. Lat. 54 20' 48" N. Danube, a great river of Europe, which rises in tiin grand dutchy of Baden, near the S. W. corner of Germany, and running east through Wirt em- berg, Bavaria and Austria, enters Hungary, where it turns to the south, and then to the" southeast, till entering Turkey, it resumes its easterly course, and discharges itself into the Black sea by five mouths, between 44 30' and 45 30' of N. latl The length of its course is about 1,800 miles. Its principal branches from the north are the Pruth, the Sereth, the Tisza and the Morava ; from the south, the Save, the Drave, the Inn and the Iscr. The principal towns on its banks are Dim, Ingol- stadt, Pas- ; nu, Lintz, Vienna, Presburg, Pest, Bu- da, Belgrade and Izmail. It becomes navigable at Ulm. Danube, Circle of (he Upper, one of the divisions of the kingdom of Bavaria. It contains 4,350 square miles, with 470,000 inhabitants, mostly Catholics. The capital is Eichstadt. Danube, Circle of the Lower, one of the circles of Bavaria. It contains 4,335 square miles, and 396,150 inhabitants, mostly Catholics. Passau is the capital. Danube, Circle of the, one of the divisions of the grand dutchy of Baden. It contains 72,735 inhab- itants. The capital is Vil linden. Danube, District of, one of the four great divis- ions of the kingdom of Wirtemberg. Danube, p-t. in Herlcimcr co. N. Y. Pop. 3,187. Danrers, p-t. E^ox co. Mass, adjoining Salem, 15 in. N. E. Boston. Pop. 3,646. It contains 2 meeting-housr-s for Congregationalists and 1 for Baptist*. The most considerable and compact settlement is a continuation of the principal street of Siil"in. Large quantities of brick?, earthen- ware, and leatheV are manufactured here. In the village of New Mills, at the head of Beverly river, there is a large iron manufactory, and the business of ship-building is carried n. 1) nn-illc, t. Cumberland ro. Maine. Pop. 1,085. Danrille, p-t. and cap. Caledonia co. Vt. 25 m. V !'.. .MoutpHirr. Pop. 2,300. Danrille, p-t. Steuben co. N. Y. 35 m. N. W. Unth. IV.p. l,y,:,. Danville, p-t. and tap, Columbia eo, Pa. on the D A R Susquehanuuh, at the mouth of Mahoning creek, 12 m. above Northumberland. Danville, p-t. Pittsylvania co. Va. on Dan river, near the southern boundary of the State, 150 m. S. W. Richmond. Lon. 79 25' W. Lat 36 34' N. It is pleasantly situated at the falls of Dan river, 130 miles above the great falls of the Roanoke. A eanal is now in progress around the falls of the Roanoke, which will open a direct water communi- cation for batteaux from Danville to Norfolk ; and another canal is completed around the falls of the Dan, which, with the removal of a few other ob- structions, will continue the navigation for some distance above the town. These improvements, together with the advantages which the falls afford for mills and manufacturing establishments, have made Danville a place of considerable conse- quence, and it bids fair to become the great up- land depot for an extensive and fertile country, embracing the adjacent districts of N. Carolina and Virginia, and part of Tennessee. Danville, p-t. and cap. Mercer co. Ken. on the S. W. side of Dick's river, 40,m. S. by W. Frank- fort, 33 S. S. W. Lexington. Lat. 37 30' N. It has about 200 houses, a court-house and jail, and a church. Several mills and factories are erected here. It is in the vicinity of the most fertile and populous part of Kentucky. A charter for a col- lege at this place has been granted by the Legisla- ture ; 2 professors, 1 of languages and 1 of mathe- matics are appointed, and a large brick building 2 stories high is erected. Danville, t. Knox co. Ohio, 13 m. N. E. Mount- Vernon. Daoudnagur, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 84 27' E. Lat. 25 6' N. Darah, country, N. Africa, watered by Darah river. It is bounded N. and W. by the Great At- las, which divides it from Morocco, E. by Tafilet, and S. by the great desert. Daranagur, t. Hind, in Delhi, on the Ganges. Lon. 78 4' E. Lat. 29 16' N. Daraporam, t. Hind, in Coimbetoor, 132 m. S. E. Seringapatam. Lon. 77 40' E. Lat. 10 45' N. Darby, Lower, p-t. Delaware co. Pa. on Darby creek, which runs into the Delaware, 7 m. S. W. by W. Philadelphia. Pop. 1,004. Darby, Upper, t. Delaware co. Pa. adjoining Lower Darby. Pop. 692. Darby, t. Madison co. Ohio, N. E. London. Pop. 392. Darby, t. Pickaway co. Ohio, 14m. N. W. Cir- clcville. Pop. 536. Darby, t. Union co. Ohio. Pop. 445. Darby, cape on the W. coast of N. America. Lon. 163 W. Lat. 64 21' N. Darby's creek, Ohio, joins the Scioto, opposite Circleville. Dardanelles, two old castles, one on each side of the Hellespont, (sometimes called the strait of the Dardanelles,) between the sea of Marmora and the Grecian archipelago. There are, on each side, 14 grf!nt guns, adapted to discharge granite balls ; they ?.rc of brass, with chambers like mortars, 22 feet long, and from 25 to 28 inches diameter in the bore. There arc 2 other castles at the entrance of 'it, 10 miles to the S. W. called the New Dardanelles. Dnrdnm-llfx, a place in Cadron, Arkansas Ter- ory, on Arkansas river, where the Agent of the Cherokee Indians resides. Two rocky ridges here border the river for some distance, whence origi- nated the name. BAR 213 Dardenne, p-t. St. Charles co. Missouri. Darent, r. Eng. which runs into the Thames, 3 m. N, Dartford. Darfur, or Darfoor, a kingdom of Central Afri- ca, bounded on the E. by Cordofan and the coun- try of the Shilluks, which separate it from Sennaar and Abyssinia ; on the W. by Bergoo, which di- vides it from Begherme and Bornou ; on the S. by unknown regions. The government is despotic. The religion is Mahomedanism. The principal commerce is with Egypt, and is carried on entire- ly by caravans. The exports are slaves, camels T ivory, the horns, teeth, and hide of the rhinoceros and hippopotamus ; ostrich feathers, gum, and pimento. The imports are glass, arms, light cloths, red Barbary caps, small carpets, silks, shoes, and writing paper. Pop. estimated at 200,000. Cobbe is the capital. Dargel, r. Ireland, which runs into St. George's channel, 9 m. S. S. E. Dublin. Darien, a province of New Grenada, bounded N. W. by Panama, N. E. by the gulf of Darien, E. by Carthagena, S. by Choco, and W. by the Pa- cific. Darien, Isthmus of, that narrow neck of land composed of the provinces of Darien and Panama, to which may be added Veragua, by which North and South America are joined together. It lies in the form of a crescent, about the great bay of Pa- nama in the Pacific, and is 300 miles in length, but is only 37 miles broad from Porto Bello to Pa- nama. The country is made up of low sickly val- lies and lofty mountains. Darien, a great gulf on the N. coast of the prov- ince of Darien. Its extent is 26 leagues from S. to N. and 9 from E. to W. Darien, p-t. Fairfield co. Ct. on Long Island Sound, formerly the S. E. part of Stamford. Pop. 1,126. Darien, p-t. and seaport, Macintosh co. Geo. on the north and principal channel of the Alatamaha, 12 miles from the bar, 192 below Milledgeville on the Oconee, 62 S. S. W. Savannah, 70 N. N. E. 3t. Mary's. Lon. 81 37' W. Lat. 31 23' N. The town stands on a high sandy bluff, and contains a Presbyterian church, a bank, and a printing press. Owing to the rapid settlement of the back coun- try, Darien has risen within a few years to a place of much importance. In 1810, there were only 206 inhabitants; but in 1819 th? number was be- tween 1 and 2,000. In 1818, 40 houses were erect- ed during 3 months, some of which are large and elegant ; a bank was established with an extensive capital, and a steam-boat navigation opened with Milledgeville. The bar at the mouth of the river has 14 feet at low water. Exertions are making to remove the obstructions in the navigation, and to render Darien the place of foreign export for the produce of the rich country between Oconee and Oakmulgee rivers. Dark, co. Ohio, bordering on Indiana. Chief town, Greenville. At the court-house is a post- office Pop. 3,7 17 ; engaged in agriculture 554, in commerce 1, in manufactures 85. Darkehen, t. Prussia, 63 m. S. E. Konigsberg. Pop. 1,735. Darkenrille, p-v. Berkeley co. Va. Darking. See Dorking. Darlaslon, t. Eng. in Stafford, 7 m. from New- castle-under-Line. Pop. 4,881. Darlings, p-v. Knox co. Ohio, 15 m. E. Mount- Vernon. Darlington, t. Eng. in Durham, on the Skern. D A V DAW Considerable manufactures are carried on in liu- en, wool, and cotton. Pop. 5,059. 18 m. S. Dur- ham, 238 N. London. Lon. 1 35' W. Lat. 54 38' N. Darlington, district, S. C. on Lynch 's creek. Pop. 10,949 ; slaves 4,473 ; engaged in agricul- ture 3,938, in commerce 39, in manufactures 90. At the court-house a post-office is kept. Darlington, t. and cap. Warwick co. Indiana, on the Ohio. Darmstadt, t. Germany, cap. of the grand dutchy of Hesse, 14 m. S. Frankfort on the Maine, 18 S. E. Mentz. Lon. 8 43" 49" E. Lat. 49 53' 37" N. Pop. 18,000. Darncs, p-v. Montgomery co. Md. Darnelal, t. France, in Lower Seine, 2 m. E. Rouen. Pop. 5,100. Darnky's Island, in Torres strait, between New Holland and New Guinea. Lon. 142 59' 15" E. Lat 9 39' 30" S. Daroca, t. Spain, in Arragon, on the Xiloca, 45 m. S. S. W. Saragossa. Pop. 2,860. Lon. 1 24' W. Lat 41 15' N. Dart, r. Eng. which falls into the English chan- nel between Dartmouth and King's Weare. Dartford, t Eng. in Kent, 15 m. E. London. Pop. 3,177. Dartmoor, an extensive tract of land in Eng- land, in the western part of Devonshire. Dartmouth, s-p. Eng. in Devonshire, near the confluence of the Dart with the British channel. It has a good harbour. The chief occupation of the inhabitants is in the Newfoundland and other fisheries, wherein about 350 vessels are engaged. Pop. 3,595. 30 m. S. Exeter. Lon. 3 35' W. Lat. 5017'N. Dartmouth College. See Hanover. Dartmouth, p-t and s-p. Bristol co. Mass, on .Buzzard's bay, 27 m. S. Taunton, 62 S. Boston. Pop. 3,636. Daruvar, t. Sclavonia. Pop. 3,000. Lon. 17 .25 55" E. Lat. 45 36' 51" N. .Dan-Hies, p-v. Dinwiddie co. Va. Darwar, district, Hind, in Aurungabad. Dar- war, the capital, is in Ion. 76 35' E. lat. 18 40' N. Darwar, t. and fortress, Hind, in Bejapore, lately ceded to the British. Lon. 75 E. Lat 15 .36' N. Darwcn, t. En~. in Lancashire, 2 m. from Black- burn. Pop. 6,21b.. Darv:ent. See Dericent. Damn, isl. in the E. India sea. Lon. 121 30' E. Lat. 6 46' N. Daschilz, t. Bohemia, 7 m. N. N. E. Chrudim. Dostel, t. Hanover, 15 m. N. N. W. Gottingen. Dassov, or Daschow, t. Mecklenberg, 17 m. W. AVismar. Lon. 11" 5' E. Lat. 55 55' N. Datliboo, t. Eambarra, in Africa, 100 m. E. Sega Datschutz, t. Moravia, on the Theya, 24 m. S. Jglau. Lon. 15 21' E. Lat 49" 3' N. Davanagiri, t. India, in Mysore. Lon. 76" 2' E. Lat. 14 24' N. Dauba. t. Bohemia, 16 m.W.N.W. JungBuntz- lau. Pop. 1,015. Davenport, p-t. Delaware co. N.Y. Pop. 1,384. Daren try, t. Eng. in Northamptonshire, 19 m. S. E. Coventry. Pop. 2,758. David Point, cape, on the N. coast of the isl. of Grenada. Lon. 61 23' W. Lat 12 20' N. Daridor, t. Russia, in Minsk. 60 m. E. Pinsk. Pop. 2,300. Maridora, lake, Asiatic Russia, in Tobolsk, 20 m.N. N. E. Turuchansk. Daridora, t. Siberia, in Irkutsk, on the Kirenga, 60 m. S. Kirensk. Davidson, co. W. Tennessee, on Cumberland river. Pop. 20,154; slaves 7,899 ; engaged in ag- riculture 5,070, in commerce 141, in manufactures 963. Chief town, Nashville. Davidsonville, p-t. and cap. Lawrence co. Ar- kansas Territory, on the W. bank of Black river, at the junction of Spring river. Pop. 461. Davidstown, t.Hunterdon co. N. J. on Assanpink river, 10 m. from Trenton. Between these towns there is a boat navigation. Davies, co. Ken. Pop. 3,876, slaves 852 ; en- gaged in agriculture 997, in commerce 22, in manufactures 67. Chief town, Owensborough. Dairies, co. Indiana, between the forks of White river. Pop. 3,432; engaged in agriculture 924, in commerce 2, in manufactures 62. Chief town, Washington. Davis's, p-v. Mecklenburg co. Va. Damsborough, p-v. Washington co. Georgia. Davisburg, t. Christian co. Ken. Davis' s store, p-v. Rapide co. Louisiana. Davis 9 s cove, harbor on the W. coast of Jamaica, 2 m. N. Green island harbor. Davids Inlet, on the E. coast of Labrador, ia Ion. 60 10' W. Lat. 56 20' N. Davit's Island, one of the Philippine islands. Lon. 123 58' E. Lat. 9" 42' N. Daviis Straits, a narrow sea, which divides Greenland from N. America, extending N.W. from Cape Farewell, in lat. 60 N. to Baffin's bay. An extensive whale fishery is carried on here. Davis' Tavern, p-v. Sussex co. Va. Damon Point, on the W. coast of N. America. Lat. 55 N. Daristown, Maine. See Montr illc. Daule, r. New Grenada, which falls into the Guayaquil, in lat. 2 8' S. Daun, t. Prussia, in Lower Rhine, 28 m. N. N. E. Treves. Davos, t. Switzerland, in the canton of Grisons, 60 M.S. E.Zurich. Dauphin. See Chauleau Dauphin. Dauphin Fort, s-p. in the N. part of St.Domingo. Lat. 19 41' N. Lon. 72 40' W. Dauphin, r. N. America, which runs into Lake Winnipec, in lat. 52 15' N. Dauphin, co. Pa. on the E. side of the Susque- hannah, bounded N. by Northumberland, E. by Schuylkill and Lebanon, S. by Lancaster, and W. by the Susquehannah, which separates it from Cumberland. Pop. 21,653; engaged in agricul- ture 2,353 ; in commerce 104, in manufactures 1,410. Chief town, Ilarrisburg. Dauphin, is\. on the coast of Alabama, between which and Mobile point 3$ miles distant, is the entrance of Mobile bay. Lon. 88 7' W. Lat. 30 10' N. Dauphint, before the revolution, a province in the S. E. part of France, now divided into the de- partments of Isere, Drome, and Upper Alp?, and containing 6,700 square milrs, and 849,795 inhab- itants. A large proportion of the country is moun- tainous and unfit for tillage, but the pasture is good in many parts. Daura, a country of Central Africa, between Cashna and Bornou. Dausenau, t. Germany, 10 m.E. S. E. Coblentz. Dawfutkee, island on the coast of S. C. at the entrance of Savannah river. DBA Dawley, t. Eng. in Shropshire, 3 m. S. E. Wel- lington. Pop. 3,208. Dax, t. France, on the Adour, 85 m. S. S. W. Bordeaux, 25 N. E. Bayonne. Pop. 4,400. Dayton, p-t. and cap. Montgomery co. Ohio, on the Miami, just below the junction of Mad river, 52m. N. Cincinnati, 66 W. Columbus, 40 S. E. Urbanna. Pop. 1,000; of the township 2,530. The public buildings are a courthouse and jail, 2 houses of public worship, 1 for Presbyterians, and 1 for Methodists, a bank and an academy. Mad river affords uncommon advantages for water works, and numerous mills are erected upon it. Dead river, Maine, the Western branch of the Kennebec. It rises in the highlands which sepa- rate Maine from Canada, and joins the Eastern branch about 20 miles from Moosehead Lake. Dead river, N. H. runs into the Margallaway. Dead river, N. W. Territory, runs into Lake Superior, is 50 yards wide, and beatable at its mouth. Dead Sea, or Asphaltites, that is,the Lake of Bi- tumen, a lake of Palestine, 180 m. in circuit. It is bounded on the E. by lofty hills, and on the N. by the plain of Jericho, through which it receives the river Jordan. The water is clear and limpid, and of greater specific gravity than any hitherto discovered. It holds in solution muriate of mag- nesia, muriate of lime, and muriate of soda. Mines of fossil salt are found in the neigborhood. Many absurd fables were formerly circulated respecting the Dead Sea, It was affirmed that fish could not live in the water, and that the pestiferous va- pours hovering over it were fatal to birds attempt- ing to fly across ; but these stories are contra- dicted by recent travellers. Great quantities of asphaltum, or mineral pitch, are always seen floating on the surface of the Dead Sea. Five ci- ties, including Sodom and Gomorrah, situated on this spot,were all swallowed up, according to scrip- ture, for their unparalelled iniquity. Many ruins remain on the western banks ; arid travellers have thought that foundations might be discovered in the bottom at seasons when the waters were low. Dcadmarfs Head or Point, cape. Eng. in the English channel. Lon. 4 48' W. Lat. 50 30' N. Deal, t. Eng. on the coast of Kent, between the North and South Forelands. It has no harbor ; but the sea between the shore and the Godwin sands, called the Downs, affords in most cases a secure road for shipping. At this place ships usu- ally stop, when either homeward or outward bound, to send letters or passengers ashore, to take in provisions, or wait for orders. The de- fence of this part of the coast depends chiefly on the batteries and martello towers which have been recently erected, and completely command the access to the shore. Pop. 3,420. 73 m. S. E. London. Deal, v. Monmouth co. N. J. 7 m. S. Shrews- bury. Dean, forest, Eng. in Gloucestershire, between the river Severn, and the county of Monmouth, which once occupied 30,000 acres. Deanc, Great, or Michel Dean, t. Eng. 12 m. W. Gloucester. Dearborn, p-t. Kennebec co. Maine, 22 m. N. AuiEjusta. Pop. 463. Dearborn, co. Indiana, on Ohio river. Pop. 11,468 ; engaged in agriculture 1,722, in com- D E D 215 merce 57, in manufactures 245. Chief town, Law- renceburg. Dearborn's river, Missouri Territory, runs into- the Missouri, above the falls near the Rocky mountains. Death-ground, and Death Lake. See Fox river, N. W. Territory. Debalpore, district, Hind, in Moultan, about 31 N. lat.; intersected by the rivers Beyah and Sut- teledge. Debeltas. See Zagora. Deben, r. Eng. runs into the sea, at Harwich. Debenham, t. Eng. in Suffolk, 12 m. N. Ips- wich. Debretsin, or Derbecyn, t. Hungary, in Behar co. Here is a celebrated academy, which has a library of 20,000 volumes, and 550 students. Pop. in 1815, 38,962; the greater number are native Hungarians, but the richer merchants are Germans. 165 m. E. S. E. Vienna. Lon. 21 37' 10 ' E. Lat. 47 31' 40" N. Decatur, p-t. Otsego co. N. Y. 12m. S. E. Coop- erstown. Pop. 908. Decatur, i. Mifflin co. Pa. Pop. 635. Decatur, p-t. Brown co. Ohio, 9 m. W. West Un- ion. Pop. 101. Decatur, t. Lawrence co. Ohio. Pop. 121. Deccan, or The Country of the South, an exten- sive region of India, bounded N. by the Nerbud- dah, and S. by the Krishna, or Kistnah river, ex- tending across the peninsular from sea to sea. During the reign of the Great Mogul Aurungzebe, that is, during the latter half of the 17th century, this country was annexed to the kingdom of Delhi, and divided into six governments, viz. Kandesh, Ahmednagur, Beeder, Golconda, Bejapore, and Berar. Deccancole, or Deccanparah, the division of the kingdom of Assam, S. of the Brahmapootra- river. Deccan Shabazpore, isl. in the E. mouth of the Ganges. Lon. 98 58' E. Lat. 22 30' N. Deception Bay, on the N. W. coast of America. Lat. 46 10' N. Deception Passage, channel, between the N. W. coast of America and Widbey's island. Lat. 48* 10' N. Deche, r. Indiana, runs into the Wabash from the N. E. 8 m. below Vinoennes. Decision, Cape, on an island on the N. W. coast, of America. Lat. 56 2' N. Deeise, t. France, in Nievre, on an island at the confluence of the Airon and the Loire, 15 m. E. Nevers. Pop. 2,212. Deckendorf, t. Bavaria, on the Danube, 28 . N. W. Passau, 38 E. S. E. Ratisbon. Lon. 12 58' 38" E. Lat. 48 49' 45" N. Pop. 2,557. Deckerstown, p-t. Sussex co. N. J. Deckla, t. India, in Canara. Lon. 75 6' E. Lat. 12 26' N. Deddington, t. Eng. 17 m. N. Oxford. Dedham, t. Eng. in Essex, on the Stow, 7 m. N. N. E. Colchester. Dedham, p-t. and cap. Norfolk co. Mass. 10 m. S. W. Boston, 30 N. N. E. Providence. Lon. 71 12 7 W. Lat. 42 16' N. Pop. 2,492. It contains a court-house, jail, bank, 2 printing-offices, and 6 houses of public worship, 4 for Congregationalisti, 1 for Episcopalians, and 1 for Baptists. The town is watered by Charles and Neponset rivers, which afford numerous seats for mills and manufacturing establishments. 216 D E G Dedinoro, v. Russia, near the city of Moscow, on the Oka. Dee, r. Wales, which flows into the Irish sea, 15 m. below Chester. Dee, r. Scotland, which runs into the German ocean at the town of Aberdeen. It abounds in sal- mon, affording some of the most valuable fisheries in Scotland. Dec, r. Scotland, which flows into the Solway frith, 6 m. below Kirkcudbright. Dee, r. Ireland, which runs into the sea, 4 m. N. E. Dunleer. Deeg, t. and fort, Hind, in Agra. Lon. 77 17' E. Lat. 27 3(X N. Deenkote, t. and fort, Hind, in Lahore, on the E. side of the Sinde, 32 m. S. Attock. Lon. 71 E. Lat. 32 38' N. Deep creek, p-v. Pasquotank co. N. C. Deep river, N.C. rises in Wachovia, and unites with the Haw, to form the N. W. branch of Cape- Fear river. Deep Sea Bluff, cape, on the N. W. coast of America, in Broughton's archipelago. Lon. 233 29' E. Lat. 50 52' N. Deeping, t. Eng. 8 m. N. Peterborough. Deer, v. Scotland, 26 m. N. Aberdeen. Deer, t. Alleghany co. Pa. Pop. 1 ,075. Deer, or Chevreuil, r. N. America, runs into the E. side of the Mississippi, 37 m. above the falls of Peckagama. Deer creek, JV. Y. See Denmark. Deer creek, r. Ohio, joins the Scioto from the W. 7 m. N. Chillicothe. Deer creek, t. Pickaway co. Ohio, 9 m. W. Cir- cleville. Pop. 1,532. Deer creek, t. Madison co. Ohio. Pop. 584. Deerfield, p-t. Rockingham co. N. II. 17 m. S. E. Concord, 35 N.W. Portsmouth. Pop. 2,133. Deerfield, p-t. Franklin co. Mass, on the west side of Connecticut river, 4 m. S. Greenfield, 17 N. Northampton, 92 W. Boston. Pop. 1,868. It contains a handsome village with a church and an academy, and is in a very fertile country. Deerfield, t. Oneida co. N. Y. on the Mohawk, opposite Utica. Pop. 2,3-16. Deerfield, p-t. Cumberland co. N. J. Pop. 1,903. Deerfield, t. Tioga co. Pa. Pop. 678. Deerfield, p-t. Portage co. Ohio, 15 m. S. E. Ravenna. Pop. 430. Deerfield, t. Ross co. Ohio, 12 m. N. W. Chilli- cothe. Pop. 1,104. Deerfield, t. Warren co. Ohio. Pop. 1,695. Deerfield, t. Morgan co. Ohio. Pop. 558. Deerfield river, rises in Bennington co. Vt. and flows into Connecticut river, between Deerfield and Greenfield in Massachusetts. Deering, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. II. 18 m. S. W. Concord. Pop. 1,415. Deer Island, New Brunswick, in Passama- quoddy bay. Deer Isle, isl. and p-t. Hancock co. Maine, on the E. side of Pcnobscot bay, 9 in. S. E. Castine. Pop. 1,842. Deer Park, p-t. Orange co. N. Y. on Delaware river, 14 m. N. of W. Goshen, 30 W. Newburg, 125 fr. Albany. Pop. 1,340. Defiance. See Fort Defiance. Dfgo, t Piedmont, on the Bormida, 15 m. S. S. W. Acqui. Deg&mbah, kingdom of Central Africa, on the N. side of the mountain of Kong. DEL Dekasp, r. Great Bukharia, runs into the Ji- hou, 30 m. N. W. Balk. Defining, district, Assam, about 30 miles square, on the N. of the Brahmapootra river. Dtideslieim, t. Bavaria, 16 m. N. W. Spire. Deinach, r. Wirtemberg, in the Black Forest, 3 m. S. S. W. Kalw. Deir, el, or Taphsac, (an. Thapsacus,) t. Syria, on the Euphrates, 55 m. S. E. Racca, 140 E. Alep- po. Lon. 39 45' E. Lat. 35 18' N. Dekalb, p-t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. on the Os- wegatchie, 20 m. fr. its junction with the St. Law- rence. Pop. 709. 1 here is a good boat naviga- tion to the mouth of the river. De la Fouche Bay, on the N. W. coast of Ameri- ca. Lat. 52 39' N. Delagoa Bay, called also the Bay of Lorenzo Marques, is on the E. coast of Africa, between 26 and 27 S. lat. Three large rivers fall into the bay, one of which, called the Mafumo, or De- lagoa, is navigable 40 miles for vessels drawing 12 feet water, and large boats may go up 200 miles. Gold dust is found here, and elephant'? teeth. Delaware, co. N. Y. on Delaware river, bound- ed N. by Otsego, E. by Schoharie and Greene, S. by Ulster and Sullivan, and VV. by Broome and Chenango and Delaware river, which separates it from Pennsylvania. Pop. 26,587 ; engaged in agriculture 5,771, in commerce 44, in manufac- tures 735 . Chief town, Delhi. Delaware, co. in the S. E. part of Pa. on Dela- ware river. Pop. 14,810; engaged in agricul- ture 2,111, in commerce 48, in manufactures 842. Chief town, Chester. Delaware, t. Pike co. Pa. Pop. 737. Delaware, t. Mercer co. Pa. Pop. 424. Delaware Bay, a spacious bay of the U. S. be- tween the states of Delaware and New-Jersey. Its entrance is 20 miles wide, between Cape May in lat. 38 56' N. and Cape Henlopen in lat. 38 47' N. It is 65 miles long from Fisher's Point to Cape Henlopen, and in the broadest part 30 miles wide. Delaware River, U. S. rises in N. Y. in the Catskill mountains. In its course, it resembles the letter W. It separates Pennsylvania from New- York and New-Jersey, and runs into Dela- ware bay, 5 miles below Newcastle. It is navi- gable for ships of the line 40 miles to Philadel- phia, and for sloops 35 miles further to the head of the tide, at Trenton falls. Above the falls, it is navigable 100 miles for boats of 8 or 9 tons. The whole length, from its source to the bay, is 300 miles. Delaware, one of the U. S. bounded N. by Pennsylvania ; E. by Delaware river, Delaware bay, and the Atlantic ; S. and W. by Maryland. It extends from lat. 38 30' to 39 45' N. and from Ion. 74 56' to 75 40' W. It is 87 miles long from N. to S. and from 10 to 36 broad, containing 2, 120 sq. miles. Pop. in 1790, 59,094; in 1800, 64,273; in 1810, 72,674; and in 1820, whites 52,282, slaves 4,509, free blacks 12,958, total 72,749; engaged in agriculture 13,259, in com- merce 533, in manufactures 2,821. The state is divided into 3 counties, Kent, Newcastle and Sus- sex. A small part of the state in the north is hilly ; the rest is level and low. The soil in the north, and along the Delaware, is generally a rich clay ; in. the middle, there is a considerable mixture of DEL sand; and in the south, sand predominates. Wheat is the staple production. It grows here to very great perfection. Indian corn, rye, oats, &c. are also cultivated. The principal rivers are Brandywine creek and Christiana creek, which unite in the northern part of the state, and empty into Delaware river. They afford an uncommon number of excellent seats for mills and manufac- tories, which are extensively improved. The flour mills on Brandywine creek, near Wilming- ton, are the finest collection in the United States. Gunpowder, and cotton and woollen goods are also manufactured to a great extent, in the same neighborhood. In 1815, there were within 9 miles of Wilmington, 44 flour mills, 13 cotton manufactories, 15 saw mills, 6 woollen manufac- tories and 6 gunpowder mills, besides several others. A canal has been commenced between Christiana creek in this state, and Elk river in Maryland. W T hen finished, it will be 22 miles long, and will open an inland water communica- tion between Delaware river and Chesapeake bay. Presbyterians are the most numerous religious de- nomination. Several years since they had 24 congregations ; the Episcopalians 14 ; Friends 8 ; Baptists 7 ; and the Methodists were numerous in the two southern counties. The legislature con- sists of a senate and house of representatives. The representatives are chosen annually ; the governor and senators triennally. Dover is the capital. Delaware, t. King William co. Va. at the conflu- ence of the Pamunky and Mattapony, the forks of York river, 28 m. above Yorktown, 20 N. by W. Williamsburg. Delaware, co. Ohio, on Scioto river, N. of Franklin co. Pop. 7,639 ; engaged in agricul- ture 1,163, in manufactures 198. Chief town, Delaware. Delaware, p-t. and cap. Delaware co. Ohio, on the W. bank of Whetstone river, 26 m. N. Co- lumbus, 70 N. Chillicothe, 65 N. W. Zanesville. Lat. 40 18' N. Pop. 369 ; of the township 326. Delaware co. Indiana. Pop. 3,677 ; engaged in agriculture 730 ; in manufactures 17. Delaware, r. E. Florida, runs into the gulf of Mexico, near Cape Roman. Delaicares, Indians, formerly a numerous and powerful tribe, who occupied part of New- York, New-Jersey, and Pennsylvania, and could furnish 600 warriors. They removed, and for 60 years remained in Ohio. At present they are about 1,000 in number, and reside chiefly on White riv- er, in Indiana ; but in 1818, they sold their lands to the U. S. who have engaged to remove them west of the Mississippi. They intend to settle on Arkansas river. Delbrugg, v, Prussian states, 14 m. W. N. W. Paderborn. Delden, t. Netherlands, inOveryssel, 25 m. E. \. i:. Zutphen. Pop. 1,098. Delebio, t. Lombardy, on the Adda, 5 m. N. W. Morbegno. ' m. S. S. E. Valencia. Lon. 38 50' N. Denizley, or Degnisla, t. Natolia, 108 m. E. S. E. Smyrna. Lon. 29 13' E. Lat. 37 51'N. Denkina, t. Hind. 55 m. E. Seringapatam. Denmark, a kingdom in Europe, consists of several large islands lying between the Cattegat and the Baltic, and a peninsula which is bounded W. by the North sea or German ocean ; N. by the Skager Rack ; E by the Cattegat and the Bal- tic ; S. E. by the dutchy of Mecklenburg in Ger- many ; and S. by the Elbe, which separates it from the kingdom of Hanover. It extends from 53 34' to 57 45' N. lat. and contains 2 1,6 15 square m. It consists of the Danish Islands, viz. Zealand, Funen, Laaland ; and the peninsula of Jutland ; Dutchy of Sleswick, Dutchy of Holstein, and Dutchy of Lauenburg. The face of the country is a low plain interrupted by very few hills and no mountains. A ridge of hills runs through the pen- insula of Jutland from north to south. The 7irin- cipal productions are grain, large quantities of which are exported, potatoes, tobacco, makder, flax, hemp, fee. In Funen, Holstein and the south of Jutland the agriculture may be compared with that of England. The Danish horses, particular- ly those of Holstein, are admired for their beauty, strength, and speed, and are exported in consid- erable numbers to Germany, France, Russia, and Sweden. The breed of horned cattle is also in general very good, and that of sheep has been ot late years improved by intermixture with Meri- nos. Swine are raised in large numbers and fur- nish a large quantity of bacon for exportation to Norway, Holland and Lubec. Even the abun- dance of poultry is worthy of notice, as their feath- ers form an important branch of trade. The climate is temperate, and though the atmosphere during the greater part of the year is thick and cloudy as in England, the country is with few ex- ceptions perfectly healthy. The winter is occa- sionally of extreme severity, and the sea is im- peded with ice. The Sound has at times been crossed by heavy loaded carriages. Pop. accord- ing to* Hassel, 1 ,565,000. The established religion is the Lutheran under 7 bishops and 2 general superintendants, but all other religions are tole- ratnd. The whole number of the clergy is 1580. There is a university at Copenhagen, and another at. Kid ami schools in every parish where chil- dren are taught reading, writing and arithmetic. There are besides many Latin schools maintained at the public expense. Denmark was former- DEN }y a limited monarchy, but in 1660, by one of the most singular revolutions recorded in his- tory, the nobility, clergy and peasantry joined in surrendering their rights to the sovereign, so that Denmark is now, in law, an absolute monarchy ot the most unqualified kind ; but the exercise of this power has been modified by the spirit of the age, the effect of the Protestant religion and the progress of improvement. The crown is heredita- ry in the male and female line, and the title of the sovereign is King of Denmark, grand duke of Hoi- stein, duke of Sleswick, Lauenburg, &c. The revenue is about $7,000,000. The national debt is nominally between 60 and 70 million dollars, but in reality less on account of its depreciation. The army on the present peace establishment con- sists of 26,000 men. The navy contains 3 ships of the line, 4 frigates and 3 brigs, with only 4,000 seamen in actual service, but the number is capa- ble of being easily increased as there are several thousand registered seamen at the disposal of the crown. The manufactures, in general, extend only to the supply of the country, furnishing no surplus for exportation. The* principal manufac- turing establishments are at Copenhagen and Al- tona. The exports consist principally of corn to Norway ; horses to Germany, France, Sweden and Russia ; oxen to Holland and Germany ; live hogs and bacon to Norway ; and dried fish to the Mediterranean. In 1816 the value of the corn ex- ported was about $2,500,000, offish $500,000, and of animals $500,000. Denmark is finely situated for navigation being almost surrounded by the sea. In 1 802 there were 1,378 vessels belonging to this small state, measuring 130,000 tons, and manned by 9,000 seamen. Within a few years, how- ever, the commerce and shipping of the country have very greatly diminished. There are various appendages to the crown of Denmark, viz. Iceland and the Faroe isles in Europe ; a part of Green- land ; Christiansburg, and other small places on the coast of Guinea; Tranquebar on the coast of Coromandel ; with factories in the Nicobar isl- ands ; and in the West Indies, Santa Cruz, St. Thomas and St. John. Denmark, p-t. Oxford co. Maine, on Saco riv- er, 30 m. S. W. Paris. Pop. 792. Denmark^ p-t. Lewis co. N. Y. on Black river, 150m.fr. Albany. Pop. 1,745. Deer creek falls into Black river in this town, and has several falls of from 10 to 60 feet, and one called High fall, of 175 feet nearly perpendicular. Immediately above this fall, is the village of Copenhagen. Denmark, p-t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, 4 m. E. Jef- ferson. Pop. 111. Dennewilz, v. Brandenburg, 2 m. fr. Juterbock. Dennis, p-t. Barnstable co. Mass. 9 m. N. E. Barnstable, 76 S. E. Boston. Pop. 1,997. Dennis, p-v. Amelia co. Va. Dennis creek, p-v. Cape May co. N. J. Denny's river, Washington co. Maine, runs in- to a bay of the same name which forms the north branch of Cobscook bay. I i'nnystillc, p-t. Washington co. Maine, lies on the bay and river of the same name and on Peni- maquan bay. The village is handsomely built at the head of tide water on Dennys river, and con- 'r;d saw mills, u grist mill, fulling mill, 'an ling machine and tannery. It is well situated I'.ir manufactures. 17 m. N. W. Eastport. Pop. 5.37. Dent, t Eng. in Yorkshire, on the river Dent, 3 m. fr. Ledbergh. D E R 219 Denton, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 15 m. fr. Man- chester. Denlon, p-t. and cap. Caroline co. Md. on the head-waters of Choptank river, 20 m. S. E. Cen- treville, 20 N. E. Easton. The public buildings are a court-house and jail, a Methodist church, and an academy. Dentrecasleaux's Channel, strait, on the S. E. coast of Van Diemen's land, from which it sepa- rates Bruny's isle. Deodhur, t. Hind. 175 m. fr. Moorshedabad. Lon. 88 32' E. Lat. 26" 59' N. Deoghir. See Doulatabad. Deogire, or Deogur, ancient fort and city, Hind, in Berar. Lon. 79 12' E. Lat. 21 55' N.' Deogur, fort, Hind, iu Bahar. Lon. 86 40' E. Lat. 24 30' N. Deonhally, t. and fort, India, in Mysore, 19 m. N. N. E. Bangalore. Lon. 77 54' E. Lat. 13 15' N. Deposit, p-v. in Tompkins, Delaware co. N. Y. on the Delaware, 14 m. S. E. Oquago, 105 W. Catskill. It has considerable trade in lumber. Deptford, t. Eng. in Kent, at the confluence of the Ravensbourne with the Thames. There is a royal dock yard here, with fine wet docks, and numerous buildings for the manufacture and pres- ervation of naval stores. Here many of the lar- gest ships of war have been built. There are also several private docks in the neighbourhood, for building and repairing merchantmen. There are two hospitals belonging to the corporation, or so- ciety of the Trinity-house, devoted to the support of decayed masters of ships, and pilots, and their widows. Pop. 19,833. 4 m. E. London. Deptford, t. Gloucester co. N.J. Pop. 3,281. Depuch's Island, on the N. W. coast of New Holland. Lon. 113 47' E. Lat. 20 35' 30'' N. Derah Ishmael Khan, t. in the Afghan territo- ries, on the Indus. Lon. 70 50' E. Lat. 31 55' N. De Ramsay, 2 seigniories, in Lower Canada : one, in Richelieu co. 36 m. E. of Montreal ; and the other in Warwick co. Derbak, r. Persia, which runs into the Caspian, a little N. ol Derbend. Derbane, r. in the N. part of Louisiana, runs S. E. and joins the Wachitta. Derbend, t. Russia, capital of the khanship of Derbend, in the province of Schirvan, on the W. coast of the Caspian sea. It is in the form of a parallelogram, extending on a declivity from the very margin of the shore, west to the foot of a lof- ty mountain. It is considered the gate of Persia ; its name signifies an impassable place. It is sur- rounded by strong walls. The harbor is the worst on the Caspian sea. The inhabitants are Maho- metans, Georgians, Armenians and Jews, amount- ing in all to 4,000. Little trade is carried on, owing to the poverty of the surrounding coun- tries. Lon. 48 58' E. Lat. 41 52' N. Derbinskoi, v. Siberia, on the Lena. Lon. 116 14' E. Lat. 60 20' N. Derby, co. Eng. bounded N. by Yorkshire, E. by the counties of Nottingham and Leicester, S, by Leicester and Stafford, and W. by Stafford and Chester. It contains 972 sq. miles. Pop. in 181 1, 185,487; families, 37,460, of which number, 14,283 are engaged in agriculture, and 15,825 in trade and manufactures. Derby, t. Eng. cap. of Derbyshire, on the Der- went, which is navigable to the Trent. A county infirmary, on a large scale, was erected here in 1810, which is considered one of the most com- 220 D E S plete establishments of the kind in Europe. Man- ufactures to a large extent, arc carried on in this town, particularly in silk and cotton, porcelain, and spar. This is a borough, returning 2 mem- bers to Parliament. Pop. 13,043. Lon. 1 25' W. Lat. .52 58' N. Derby, p-t. Orleans co. Vt. on lake Memphra- magog, 52 m. N. Montpelier. Pop. f'-J,">. Derby, p-t, New-Haven co. Ct. on the Huu?a- tonnuc, at the junction of Naugatuc river. 12m. above its mouth, 8 W. New-Haven. Pop. 2,088. It contains 5'churches, 2 Episcopal, 2 Congrega- tional, and 1 Methodist. The river is navigable for vessels of 100 tons. Derby was formerly ex- tensively engaged in foreign commerce. It had a fishing company with a capital of $100,000 and a bank with a capital of the same amount. But both these have ceased operation and trade has declined. Within the limits ofthis township is the village of Humphrey sville. Derby, p-v. Delaware co. Pa. Dereham, t. Eng. in Norfolk, 160 m. W. Nor- wich, 100 N. N. E. London. Lon. 56' E. Lat. 52 40' N. Pop. 2,888. Derenburg, t. Prussian states, on the Holzem- me, 6 m. W. S. W. Halberstadt. Pop. 2,000. Derg, r. Ireland, runs from Lough Derg to the river Foyle, 8 m. E. Donegal. Dirgasp, t. Persia, in Seistan, 40 m. S. W. Bost. Lon. 63 48' E. Lat. 32 5' N. Deriabi, one of the Kartan islands, on the coast of Arabia. Lon. 55 55' E. Lat. 17 35' N. Dermon, t. Fayette co. Pa. Pop. 2,379. Derne, t. and cap. of Barca, on the coast. Lon. 22 10' E. famous for its capture by the American general Eaton in 1805. Dernisch, or Dernis, t. and fort, Austrian states, in Dalmatia, 20 m. N. Sebcnico. Derry. See Londonderry. Derry, r. Wales, which runs into the Avon, near Dolgelly. Derry, t. Dauphin co. Pa. on Swetara creek, 2m. above its junction with the Susouehannah. Pop. 2,256. In the bank of the creek! there is a cavern, containing numerous apartment?, and with sta- lactites of various shapes and coiors,formed on the walls. Derry, t. Mifflin co. Pa. Pop. 1,651. Derry, t. Westmoreland co. Pa. Pop. 2,301- Derry, t. Columbia co. Pa. Pop. 1,662. Dtrryi t. Guernsey co. Ohio. Pop. 902. Derrnjield. See Manchester. Deruytcr, p-t. Madison co. N. Y. 34 m. S. W. Utica, 130 W 7 . Albany. Pop. 1,214. Dervio, t. Lombardy, on the lake of Como, 18 m. N. N. E. Como. DerwenL r. Eng. which falls into the Irish sea, at Workington ; another, which runs into the Ouse, 5 m. S. E. Selby, in Yorkshire ; another, which flows into the Tyne, about 3 m. above New-Castle ; another, which falls into the Trent, 8 m. E. S. E. Derby. Derwent Water, lake, Eng. in Cumberland, near Keswick, formed by the river Derwent. Des, t. Transylvania, 25 m. N. N. E. Clausen- burg. Lon. 23 "i3' E. Lat. 47" 1' 50" N. Desaguero, r. S. America, which issues from lake Titicaca, and running S. terminates in lake Paria. Over this river is still to be seen the bridge of rushes, constructed by the fifth Inca of Peru, for transporting his army to the other side. .Desaguero, sometimes called Rio Colorado, large r. in Patagonia, which, after a S. E. course of D E T nearly 1000 miles, falls into the Atlantic, inlal. 39 45' S. Dcseada, Capf, on (lie N. W. coast of Terra del Fuego. Lou. 76" 45' W. Lat. 52 52' S. Deseada, the first of theCarihbee islands 12 m. long by 6 broad, discovered by Columbus, in 1494, 12 m. N. E. Guadaloupe. Lon. 61 15' W. Lat. 16 38' N. Pop. 900. Desire, Port, harbor, on the eastern coast" of S. America. Lon. 64 25' W. Lat. 47 7' S. Des Mains, large r. Missouri Territory, which runs S. S. E. andjoins the Mississippi, about 130 miles above the mouth of the Missouri. From the rapids to its mouth, it forms the boundary of the State of Missouri. It may be ascended in boats 800 miles. Desna, r. Russia, which runs into the Dnieper near Kiev. Desolation, Cape, on the S. W. coast of Terra del Fuego. Lon. 72 12' W. Lat. 54 55' S. Desolation, Capr., the S. point of Greenland. Lon. 47 W. Lat. 61 45' N. Despage, or Fox river, Illinois, runs into the Il- linois, from the N. about half way between lake Pioria, and the forks of the Illinois. Its course is nearly parallel with that of the Desplanes. Desplanes, r. Illinois, rises W. of lake Michigan, and flowing S. W. meets the Kankakee, to form Illinois river. The Desplanes communicates with a lake, and from this lake there is a sort of a canal to Chicago river, partly worn by the water, and partly made by the French and Indians, through which boats pass in wet seasons. Dessau, t. Germany, cap. of the dutchy of An- halt-Dessau, on the Mulda, which fails into the Elbe, about half a league from the town. Pop. 9,400. 28 m. S. E. Magdeburg. Lon. 12 17' l' f E. Lat. 51 50' 6" N. Destruction Island, on the N. W. coast of Amer- ica. Lat. 47 37' N. Desvres, t. France, in Pas-de-Calais, 9 m. S. E. Boulogne. Pop. 2,362. Delmold, province, in Lippe-Detmold. Pop. except the town, 12,106. Detmold, t. in the above prov. on the Werra, well built. Pop. 2,369. 25 m. S. W. Minden. Detour, cape, Michigan, the W. point at the en- trance of the Straits of St. Mary's, 40 m. from the Michillimackinac. Lat. 45 54' N. Detour, cape N. W. Ter. at S. W. end of Lake Superior. Detroit river, N . America, which connects lake St. Clair with Lake Erie, is 28 miles long, and op- posite Detroit, | of a mile wide, enlarging as it de- scends, and is navigable for vessels of any burden. Near its mouth are Gross isle, and numerous smaller islands ; the principal channel is near the eastern side, between Bois blanc island and the Canada shore ; the western channel is much wider, but is shallow and full of small islands. Back from the river, the land descends into low grounds and marshes, and the settlements are only one farm deepen the banks of the river, which are regular and even. The country has been settled more than a century, and there is an almost continued line of settlements from the month of the river to lake St. Clair, on the Canada side ; and on the western side, for several miles above and below Detroit The houses, though low and mean, are finely set round with forest and fruit trees, and to- gether with the beautiful expanse of the water, form a most agreeable view as you sail on the river. Detroit, city, and port of entry, Wayne co. and D E U capital of Michigan Territory, is on Detroit river, 9 miles from lake St. Clair, 18 above Amherst- burg in Up. Canada, 313 S. Mackinaw, 302 W. Bufialo, 548 fr. Washington. Lon. 82 56' W. Lat. 42 25' N. Pop. 1,355. The city was laid out in a regular square, | of a mile on each side. The public buildings are, a market-house ; a coun- cil-house; a penitentiary, built of stone ; a bank ; a large Government store-house ; a military arse- nal, and ordnance store-house ; an academy ; a neat Presbyterian church ; and a magnificent cath- olic church, 116 feet by 60, built of stone, with 2 tall steeples, which is not yet finished. The sit- uation of Detroit is eminently advantageous in the commerce of the great Lakes. It was settled as early as 1683, by the French from Canada, for the purposes of the fur trade. , At present, its trade is chiefly with Ohio and New- York, and with the military posts on the Upper Lakes. In 1818, the amount of shipping belonging to this port, was 849 tons ; the value of exports, was $69,330, and of imports, $15,611. The fort is a regular work, of an oblong figure, covering an acre of ground, with parapets and bastions, and surrounded by palisadoes," a deep ditch and glacis. The number of the garrison in 1818, was 168. In August, 1812, Detroit was surrendered to the British, but did not remain long in their possession. Deiienheim, t. Bavarian states, in the circle of the Upper Danube. In this neighbourhood, viz. in the village of Graben, are the remains of the canal, by which Charlemagne attempted to con- nect the waters of the Danube and the Rhine, in the year 793. Detlingen, v. Bavarian states, in the circle of the Lower Maine, on the east bank of the Maine, 9 m. S. Haaau. Deva, r. Spain, which falls into the bay of Bis- cay, at Deva ; another, which joins the river Ove, near Oviedo. Deva, s-p. Spain, in Guipuscoa, at the mouth of the Deva, 15m. W. St. Sebastian. Lon. 2 24' W. Lat. 43 19' N. Deva, t. Transylvania, on the Marosch, 10 m. W. Millenbach. "Lon. 22 45' E. Lat. 47 19' 4" N. Deraprayaga, t. Hind, in Serinagur, on that part of the Ganges held most sacred by the Hin- doos. Here is the celebrated temple of Rama- chandra. Lon. 78 31' E. Lat. 30 9' N. Derenish, isl. Ireland, in Lough Erne, 3 m. N. Enniskillen. Der enter, t. Netherlands, in Overyssel, on the Yssel. Linen is manufactured here, and the traf- fic in cattle, butter, and cheese, is considerable. Pop. 10,100. 8 m. N. N. W. Zutphen, 46 E. Am- sterdam. Lon. 6 3' E. Lat. 52 18' N. Deveron, r. Scotland, which falls into the Ger- man ocean at Banff. Dererte bay, on the N. E. coast of New Bruns- wick, at its S. E. extremity. !)<< irotta, fort, and s-p. India, in Tanjore, at the mouth of the Coleroon. Lon. 79 55' E. Lat. 11 Devil's hole. See Niagara fails. Devil's river, small r. Michigan Territory, runs into Fox river, opposite Fort Howard. Another river of this name empties into Fox river, 120 miles above its mouth. Derizes or the Vies, t. Eng. in Wilts, on the Kennet and Avon Canal. It sends 2 members to parliament Pop. 3,750. 88 m. W. S. W. London. Lon. 1 58' E. Lat. 51 21' N. Dcuicmonde, i. France, dep.of the North, where D I A 221 the river Deule falls into the Lys, 6 m. N. W. Lille. Devon, co. Eng. bounded N. by the Bristol channel, E. by Dorset and Somerset, S. by the English channel, and W. by Cornwall. It con- tains 2,493 sq. miles. Pop. in 1811, 383,308 ; fam- ilies, 79,415, of which number, 33,044 were enga- ged in agriculture, and 30,977 in trade and manu- factures. Devon-, r. Scotland, which falls into the Forth, at C ambus. The Devon iron works are about 4 miles from the mouth of the river. There is an- other river of the same name, which falls into the Forth at Clackmannan harbor. Devon, co. Lower Canada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, between Hertford and Cornwallis counties. Deuren. t. Prussian states, 14 m. E. Aix-la-cha- pelle. Lon 6 25' E. Lat. 50 50' N. Deux coeurs, r. Michigan Territory, which runs into Lake Superior, 21 m. W. Whitefish point, and 66 W. St. Mary's river. It is 25 yards wide, and beatable at its entrance. Deux Montagues, lake, Canada, or rather ex- pansion of the river Ottawa, at its junction with the St. Lawrence. It is 24 miles long, and from 1 to 6 broad. Deux Fonts, formerly a principality of Germa- ny, on the left bank of the Rhine, but now belong- ing to Bavaria, and forming part of the circle of the Rhine. Pop. 60,000. Deux Fonts, Les, t. Bavarian states, in the cir- cle of the Rhine, 46 m. W. Manheim, 58 N. Mentz. Lon. 7 25' E. Lat. 49 16' N. Pop. 5,000. Dewangunge, t. Bengal, on the W. bank of the Brahmapootra river. Lon. 89 42' E. Lat. 25 7'N. Dewarcote, t. Hind. Lon. 78 2' E. Lat. 30 59' N. Dewee, small isl. S. C. in Charleston harbor. Deu-cijsburg, t. Caledonia co. Vt. 22 m. N. E, Montpelier. Pop. in 1810, 200. Dewsburgh, t. Eng. in the West Riding of York- shire, 5 m. "'W. \\akefield. Pop. 5,059. Dexttr, p-t. Penobscot co. Maine, 30 m. N. W. Bangor. Pop. 461. Deynse, t. Netherlands, on the Lys, 9 m. S. W. Ghent. Pop. 3,000. Deyrah, t. Hind, in Serinagur. Lon-. 77 45' E. Lat. 30 19' N. Dezaigne, t. France, in Ardeche, on the Dance, 15 m. W. Tournon. Pop. 3,440. Dezensano, t. Lombardy, on Lake Guarda, 15 m. S. Brescia. Lon. 10 33' E. Lat. 45 29' N. Desful, or DespJioul, t. Persia, in Kuzistan, 28 m. W. Shuster. Pop. 15,000. Dffesan, t. Arabia, in Yemen, on the coast of the Red Sea, 22 m. W. Abu-Arisch. Dhar, t. Hind, in Malwah. Lon. 75 25' E. Lat. 22 48' N. Dhelly, Portuguese town on the N. coast of the island of Timor. Lon. 125 30' E. Lat. 8 35' S. Dhonee, r. Thibet, which runs into the Bur- hampooter, at Luckeigereh. Dhoolpour, city, Hind, in Agra, on the N. bank of the Chumbul. Lon. 77 55' E. Lat. 26 43' N. Diadin, t. Turkish Armenia, on the Euphrates, 72 m. S. S. W. Erivan, 140 S. S. E. Erzerum. Diacorir, t. Sclavonia. 14 m. S. W. Essek. Lon. 18 27' 48'' E. Lat. 45 1 9' 20" N. Diamond Harbor, in the W. branch of the Gange?, commonly called the Hoogly river, about 222 D I E D 1 J 34 miles below Calcutta in a straight line. At this place the company's ships unload, and take in great part of their homeward bound cargoes. Diamond Island, on the E. side of the bay of Beneral, 12 m. S. Cape Negrais. Lon. 94 12' E. Lat. 15 51' N. Diamond Point, cape on the N. coast of Suma- tra. Lon. 97 52' E. Lat. 5 20' N. Diamond Point, cape on the W. coast of Mar- tinico. Lon. 61 W. Lat. 14 25' N. Diamper, t. India, in Cochin. Lon. 76 37' E. Lat. 9 55' N. D tuna's Bank, or Shoal, small isl. in the Indian sea. Lon. 151 5' E. Lat. 15 45' S. Dinno, t. Naples, in Principato Citra, 13 m. N. V. \V. Policastro. Pop. 4,146. Diarbekir, pachalic, A. Turkey, bounded N. by Siw.is and Erzerum, E. by Curdistan, S. by Bag- dad and Orfa, and W. by Merasche. It lies be- tween the Tigris and Euphrates. Diarbekir, city, A. Turkey, and cap. of the pa- of Diarbekir, is in a fine plain on the Ti- r !\he city is encompassed by a lofty thick wa 1 ! of black stone. Extensive manufactures are carried on here in iron, copper, silk, wool, cotton, and leather. There are considerable exports to Bagdad and Constantinople. The inhabitants -:on-J:L of Turks, Armenians, Kurds, Catholics, and Jacobites. The surrounding country is ex- ceedingly fertile. Pop. 100,000. Lon. 39 52' E. Lat. 37 55' N. Dickinson, t. Franklin co. N. Y. 12 m. W. Ma- lone. Pop. 495. Dicki/i.^n, t. Cumberland co. Pa. Pop. 2,007. D.'-'.'uiwu College. See Carlisle. J)i, idiison 1 s store, p-v. Caroline co. Va. Dickinsom-ilk, p-v. Franklin co. Va. Dickinsonrille, p-v. Powhatan co. Va. Dicks, r. Ken. runs into the Kentucky, after a N. W. course of 50 miles, in Ion. 84 56' W. lat. 37 40' N. Dicks creek, Ohio, empties into the Miami from the E. above Hamilton. Dickon., co. W. Tennessee. Pop. 5,190; slaves 1,305; engaged in agriculture 1,164, in commerce 11, in manufactures 93. Chief town, Charlotte. Dicksville, p-v. Guilford co. N. C. Didsbury, t. Eng. 6 m. from Manchester. Die, t. France, on the Drome, 25 m. S. E. Val- ence, 30 S. W. Grenoble. Lon. 5 22' 33" E. Lat. 44 45' 31" N. Djebail, t. Syria, 2 m. N. of the river Ibrahim. It occupies the site of the ancient Biblos, whose inhabitants were employed with the Sidonians in procuring wood for Solomon's temple. Pop. 6,000. Djebel Hazcn, isl. of the Red Sea, on the coast of Arabia. Lat. 25 32' 20" N. Djebd JVor, or the Mountain of Light, hill, Ara- bia, in Hedsjas, near Mecca. The Mahometans believe that the angel Gabriel brought the first chapter of the koran here to their prophet, Djedda. See Jidda. Dieburg, t Hesse, in Starkenberg, 24 m. E. S. E. Mentz. Pop. 2,245. Diego Ruys, or Rodriguez, isl. in the Indian ocean, 100 leagues E. of the island of Mauritius. Lon. 57 32" E. Lat. 19 3tf S. Diego de Ramires, isl. near the coast of Terra del Fuego. Lon. 68 45' W. Lat. 56 19' S. Diekirch, t. Netherlands, on the Saure, 20 m. N. Luxemburg. Pop. 1,290. Diemeri'sLand, Van. S See Van Diemen's Land. Dteni'iJlc, t. France, in Aubc, 9 m. N. W. Bur- sur-Aube. Pop. 1,200. Ditphoh, county, Germany, lying between Munster, Osnabruck, Minden, and Hoya, and be- longing to the kingdom of Hanover. It contains 264 square miles, and 15,530 inhabitants. Diepholz, t. Hanover, cap. of the county of Die- pholz. Pop. 1,550. 30 m. S. S. W. Bremen. Lon. 8 21' E. Lat. 52 36' N. Dieppe, s-p. France, in the English channel, at the mouth of the Arques, or Bethune. There are regular packet-boats between Dieppe and Brigh- ton, a distance of 66 miles, and it is the most direct route between London and Paris. 45 m. N. E. Havre de Grace, 100 N. W. Paris. Lon. 1 4' E. Lat. 49" 55' N. Pop. 20,000. Dierdorf, t. Grand dutchy of the Lower Rhine, on the Wiedbach, 8 m. N. N. E. Coblentz. Diersheim, v. Baden, in Kinzig, 5 m. N. Kehl. Dierstein, t. Lower Austria, on the Danube, 39 m. W. Vienna. Lon. 15 33' E. Lat. 48 27' N. Desenhofen, t. Switzerland, in Thurgau, on the Rhine, 5 m. S. Schaffhausen. Pop. 2,400. Diessen, t. Upper Bavaria, in the circle of the Iser, 8 m. S. Landsberg. Lon. 11 6' E. Lat. 47 56' 30" N. Diest, t. Netherlands, in South Brabant, on the Demer, 22 m. W. Maestricht. Lon. 5 4' E. Lat. 50 58' N. Pop. 5,796. DietenJieim, t. Bavarian states, in Suabia, on the Iller, 9 m. S E. Ulm. Pop. 1,700. Dietikon, v. Switzerland, 8 m. N. W. Zurich. Dietz, t. in the dutchy of Nassau, on the Lahn which here begins to be navigable. Pop. 2,500. Dieuse, t. France, in Meurthe, on the Seille, 22 m. N. E. Nancy. Lon. 6 48' E. Lat. 48 49' N. Digafi, t. Hind, near Dinapore, 320 m. N. W. Calcutta. Digby, t. Nova Scotia, on the bay of Annapolis, 15 m. S. W. Annapolis. Digdiguash, r. New Brunswick, which runs in- to Passamaquoddy bay. Diggers Sound, an inlet in the N. part of Beer- ing's bay. Lon. 220 43' E. Lat. 59 52' N. Digg's point, point, Md. at the confluence of Piscataway river with the Potomac. Dighton^ p-t. and port of entry, Bristol co. Mass, on the W. side of Taunton river, 7 m. S. Taun- ton, 20 from Warren, 39 S. Boston. Pop. 653. Amount of shipping in 1815, 9,699 tons. On the side of the river in this town, there is a rock con- taining a hieroglyphic inscription, of which no sat- isfactory account has been given. Dig mannas ferry, p-v. Pike co. Pa. Dignano, t. Austrian States, in Istria, 3 m. from the sea. 44 m. S. Trieste. Lon. 14 E. Lat. 45 6' N. Pop. 3,506. Digne, t. France, in Lower Alps. The streets are steep and winding, and the houses ill built ; there are three gates, a cathedral and four other churches. About a league from the town, at the foot of a perpendicular rock, are mineral springs which are strongly impregnated with sulphur, and employed both externally and internally. 34 m. S. by W. Embrun, 50 N. E. Aix. Lon. 6 14' 37" E. Lat. 44 5' 14" N. Pop. 3,300. Digoin, t. France, in Saone and Loire, 14 m.W. Charolles. Pop. 2,333. Dijon, an ancient and well built city of France, cap. of Cote d'Or. It is on the Ouche, at the en- trance of a fertile plain, bordered by the ridge of hills called the Cote d'Or, which abound in ex- cellent wines. It contains several fine churches, D I N a university, a museum of paintings and engrav- ing's, and an academy of sciences. It is the see of a bishop, and contains manufactures of woollens, cotton and silk. The traffic in these, and in wine, corn, &c. is greatly facilitated by the new canal from St. Jean de Losne to Dijon. 100 m. N. Ly- ons, 175 S. E. Paris. Lon. 5 2' 5" E. Lat. 47 19' 25" N. Pop. 21,600. Dilliardsmlle, p-v. Orange co. N. C. Dittenburg, t, Westphalia, in the dutchy of Nas- sau, on the Dille, 45 m. N. N. W. Frankfort on the Maine. Lon. 8 22' E. Lat. 50 45' N. DUlmgen, t. Bavarian States, on the left bank of the Danube, 23 m. N. W. Augsburg, 24 N. E. Ulm. Lon. 10 30' 29" E. Lat. 48 34' 33" N. Dillsberg, t. Baden, on the Neckar, 6 m. E. Hei- delberg. Dillsburg, p-v. York co. Pa. Dill's ferry, p-v. Northampton co. Pa. DUworth, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 2m. fr. Black- burn. Dimitsana, t. Morea, on the Erymathus, oppo- site to the ruins of the ancient JPsophis. 24m. N. W. Tripolizza. Dinagepore, district, Bengal, between 25 and 26" N. lat. bounded N. and W. by Puneah, E. by Rungpore and Ghoragot, and S. by Bettooriah. Dinagepore, the capital, is on an island formed by the Pernabubah river, and is a place of considera- ble trade. Lon. 88 40' E. Lat. 25 37' N. Dinan, t. France, in Cotes du Nord, 13 m. S. St. Male. Lon. 22 47' W. Lat. 48 27' 16" N. Pop. 4,170. Dinan, Anse de, a bay on the coast of France, between Brest road and the bay of Douarnenez. Dinanl, t. Netherlands, on the Maese, 14 m. S. Namur. Pop. 3,630. Lon. 4 56' E. Lat. 50 15' 20" N. Dinapore, a military cantonment belonging to the British, on the S. bank of the Ganges, 11^ m. W. of Patna, for the defence of which it was con- structed. Lon. 85 3' E. Lat. 25 38' N. Dinasmouthy, t. Wales, in Glamorgan, on the Dysi. Lon. 3 38' W. Lat. 52 34' N. Dindigul, district of India, between 10 and 11 N. lat. bounded N. by Coimbetoor and Kistna- gherry, S. by Travancore and Madura, W. by Travancore and Cochin, E. by the Carnatic. In 1792 it was ceded to the British, and is now in- cluded in the collectorship of Madura. Dindigul, the capital, is a strong fortress. Lon. 78" 5' E. Lat. 10 22' N. Dinding, isl. in the straits of Malacca. Lon. 100 36' E. Lat. 4 15' N. Dingelfingen, t Bavaria, on the Iser, 48 m. N. E. Munich. Lon. 12 28' E. Lat. 48 36' N. Pop. 2,080. Dingle, s-p. Ireland, in Kerry, on the N. coast of a bay of the same name. Lon. 10 8' W. Lat. S2 8' N. Dingmansburg, t. Miami co. Ohio, on the E. branch of Great Miami river, below the mouth of Musquetoe creek, 1 1 m. above Piqua, 19 above Troy. Dingwall, t. Scotland, in Ross co. 19 m. N. In- verness. Lon. 4 19' W. Lat 57 36' N. Pep. 1,500. Dinish, isl. in the Atlantic, near the W. coast of Ireland. Lat. 51 41' N. Dinkara, kingdom in the interior of the Gold ist of Africa, behind Ahantah. It abounds in gold. t. Bavarian States, 16 m. S. W. D I U 223 Anspach, 36 S. W. Nuremberg. Lon. 10 19' 49" E. Lat. 49 8' 37" N. Pop. 6,400. Dinslacken, t. Prussian States, on the Rhine, 5 m. S. E. Wesel. Lon. 6 47' E. Lat. 51 34' N. Dimviddie, co. Va. bounded N . by Appomatox river, which separates it from Chesterfield co. and inclosed on the other sides by Prince George, Sus- sex, Brunswick, Lunenburg, Nottaway and Amel- ia counties. Pop. 13,792; slaves 7,751 ; engaged in agriculture 4,323, in manufactures 365. Chief town, Petersburg. At the court-house is a post- office. Djoojocarta, a populous city of Java, capital of Mataram, 130 m. S. S. W. Samarang. Dipper harbor, New Brunswick, in the bay of Fundy, 24 m. S.W. St. John. Dippoldiswalda, t. Saxony, 12 m. S. S.W. Dres- den. Lon. 13 36' E. Lat. 50 53' N. Pop. 1,357. Direction, Islands of, four small islands at the entrance of the straits of Magellan, in the Pacific. Lon. 77 1 9' W. Lat. 52 27' S. Dirmslein, t. Germany, 7 m. S. S. W. Worms. Dirschau, t. Prussia, on the Vistula, 16 m. S. S. E. Dantzic. Pop. 1,929. Disappointment Bay, on the E. coast of Minda- nao. Lon. 126 15' E. Lat. 6 52' N. Disappointment Bay, in the straits of Magellan, on the coast of Terra 'del Fuego, 10 m. S. E. Dol- phin bay. Disappointment Cape, on the S. coast of the isl- and of Georgia, in the S. Atlantic. Lon. 36 13' W. Lat. 54 58' S. Disappointment Island, one ofDuff'sgroupe, in the Pacific. Lon. 167 E. Lat. 10 S. Disappointment Islands, in the Pacific ocean, Lon. 145 4' W. Lat. 14 5' S. Disappointment Cape, on the N. W. coast of A- merica, the N. cape at the mouth of Columbia riv- er. Lon. 142 59' W. Lat. 46 19' N. Discord, Cape, on the E. coast of Greenland, Lon. 44 30' W. Lat. 60 30' N. Disentis, t. of the Swiss canton of the Grisons. Lon. 8 59' E. Lat. 46 58' N. Dishne, v. Egypt, 16 m. N. E. Menoaf. Disko, isl. in Davis' straits, in a bay of the same name. Lon. 70 W. Lat. 51 N. Disley, t. Eng. in Chester, 6 m. S. W. Stock- port. Pop. 1,415. Dismal Swamp, a tract of marshy land commen- cing in the S. E. part of Virginia, and extending into N. Carolina. It is 30 miles long from N. to S. and 10 broad, and embraces about 150,000 acres, generally covered with trees. In the centre is Drummond's pond, 15 miles in circumference. The Chesapeake and Albemarle canal passes through the swamp, and is supplied with water from Drummond's pond. Diss, t. Eng. in Norfolk, 13 m. S. S. W. Nor- wich. Lon. 1 5' E. Lat. 52 22' N. Pop. 2,590. Dissais, t. France, in Vienne, 1 1 rn. N. N. E. Poitiers. Pop. 1,100. Dissay, t. France, in Sarthe, 9 m. S. E. Chateau du Loir. Pop. 1,100. Dissen, v. Hanover, 19 m. S. E. Osnabruck. Ditmarsen, a district of Holstein, between the Eyder and the Elbe. The chief towns are Mel- dorf and Lunden. Ditteah, t. Hind, in Bundelcund. Lon. 78 32' E. Lat. 25 43' N. Diu, a celebrated island and fortress of Hind, in Gujerat. It has a good harbour, and formerly possessing a Hindoo temple, it rose to great celeb- rity, and became one of the richest places of the 224 DOB cast. In 1535 it was taken by the Portuguese, who fortified it, and made it a place of great trade ; but in 1670 it was plundered by the Arabs, and has now dwindled into insignificance. Lon. 71 E. Lat. 20 43' N. Diu Head, a promontory on the coast of Guze- rat. Lon. 70 52' E. Lat. 20 41' N. Divaran, one of the Calamines islands. Lon. 120" 32' E. Lat. 8 12' N. Dire, r. France, which falls into the English channel near Dives. Dividing creek, p-v. Cumberland co. N. J. Dividing creek, r. Va. which runs between Lan- caster and Northumberland counties into Chesa- peake bay. Diry Point, on the coast of Coromandel. Lon. 81 14' E. Lat. 15 58' N. Diry Pitint, Hind, on the coast of Condapilly. Lon. 81 20' E. Lat. 15 55' N. Dixan, t, of Tigre", in Abyssinia. Lon. 39 38' E. Lat. 15 N. Dixcore, a British fort on the Gold coast of Af- rica, at the entrance of a small cove. 40 m. S. W. Cape coast Castle. DirJ'ield, p-t. Oxford co. Maine, on the Andros- coggin, 18 m. N. E. Paris. Pop. 595. Dixhills, p-v. in Huntington, Suffolk co. N. Y. Dixniont, p-t. Penobscot co. Maine, 20 m. W. Bangor. Pop. 515. Dixmuyden, t. Netherlands, llm. S. Ostend,24 E. Dunkirk. Lon. 2* 51' E. Lat. 51 2' N. Dixon, t. Preble co. Ohio. Pop. 841 . Dixon* s Entrance, straits in the IV. Pacific ocean, between Queen Charlotte's island and the conti- nent of N. America. Dixon? s springs, p-v. Smith co Ten. Dixville, t. Coos co. N. H. 1 10 m. N. Concord. Pop. 2. Dixrille, p-v. Henry co. Va. Dmilror, t. Eu. Russia, 30 m. N. Moscow. Lon. 3735'E. Lat. 56 21' N. Dneprowsk, t. Eu. Russia, in Taurida, on the Dnieper, 80 m. S. S. W. Ekaterinoslav. Dnieper, (an. Borysthenes,*) r. Russia, which ri- ses in the government of Smolensko, and passing by Smolensko, Orcha, Mohilev, Bobryow, Kiev, Crementchong, Ekaterinoslav, Nicopal and Cher- son, falls into the Black sea between Oczakov and Kinburn. It begins to be navigable above Smo- lensko ; but in the lower part of its course the navigation is impeded by islands, and about 200 miles from its mouth, by rapids which continue for nearly 40 miles ; they are not, however, dan- gerous, except after heavy falls of rain. The length of its course is 800 miles. Dniester, or Niester, (an. Tyrus,~) r. Europe, which rises in the Carpathian mountains, in Aus- trian Galicia, and after passing by Tzekinooka, Rasczcow, Bender, Tiraspol, and other towns, runs into the Black sea between Ovidiopol and Akerman. Its navigation has been recently im- proved by the Russian government, and the Poles now send a considerable portion of the produce of their soil through its medium, to the flourishing port of Odessa situated on the Ulack sea near its mouth. Doa, isl. in the Eastern sea, near the W. coast ofGilolo. Lon. 127 40' E. Lat 12 s 15' N. Dobberan, t. Germany, in Mecklenburg, near the Baltic, 8 m. N. W. Rostock. Pop. 1,420 Dobberlin, t. Germany, in Mecklenburg, 12 m. S.Schwerin. Pop. 750. Dobis, Cape, in Hudson's bay, at the S. side of D O I the entrance of Wager's river. Lon. 86 30' W, Lat. 65 N. Doboy sound, and inlet, on the coast of Geo. which receives the N. branch of the Alataniaha river. The bar has 14 feet at low water, and is in lat. 31 20' N. Dobrawitz, t. Bohemia, in the circle of Buntz- lau, 4 m. S. Jung-Buntzlau. Dobrilugk, t. "Prussian . states, on the river Do- ber, 34 m. N. Dresden, 56 S. Berlin. Lon. 13 35' E. Lat. 51" 34' N. Pop. 1,000. Dobruzi, country in Bulgaria, extending along the S. bank of the Danube, near its mouth. It is inhabited by Tartars. Dobrsyn, t. Poland, 65 m. N. N. W. Warsaw. Dobrsyn, t. Poland, 20 m. E. N. E. Thorn. Dobsons cross-roads, p-v. Stokes co. N. C. Doce Rio, r. Brazil, rises near Villa Rica, and running N. and afterwards E. discharges itself, af- ter a course of about 500 miles, into the Atlantic, in lat. 1930'S. Dochart, r. Scotland, in Perth co. which falls into Loch Tay. Dockan, one of the Sooloo islands. Lon. 120 2' E. Lat. 5 58' N. Dockum, t. Netherlands, in Friesland, near the German ocean, on a canal, which, at high water brings large ships to the town. It has considera- ble trade in salt, cheese, butter and beer. Pop. 3,100. 33 m. W. Delfeyl. Lori. 5 U 55' E. Lat. 53 20' N. Dodbrook, t. Eng. in Devon, 15 m. S. W. Dart- mouth. Dodona, a celebrated forest of Albania, famous in ancient times for its oracles, and at present the retreat of rebellious Albanians. Doe, r. E. Africa, which falls into the Indian sea, lat. 30 S. Doebeln, t. Saxony, 27 m. S. E. Leipsic. Lon. 13 1' E. Lat. 51 7' N. Pop. 4,100. Doesburg, t. Netherlands, in Guelderland, 8 m. S. S. W. Zutphen. Lou. 68 E. Lat. 52 2' N. Dofar, or Dafar, s-p. Arabia, in Hadramaut, in the Arabian sea, 120 m. N. Cape Fartach. Dofra/ield, ridge of mountains, between Sweden and Norway. The highest summits are in Dron- theim and Bergen. The greatest elevation is 7,620 above the level of the sea. Dog Islands, on the S. side of the gulf of St. Lawrence. Lon. 58 W. Lat. 51 20' N. /Jog [sland, or Desventurada, isl. in the Pacific. Lon. 141 30' W. Lat. 15 15' S. Dog, or Cedar river, Alabama, flows into the estuary of Pascagoula. Dog river, Alabama, flows into Mobile bay, about 3 leagues below the town of Mobile. Dog river, r. N. America, which passes by l-'m : William and runs into Lake Superior just be- low. Dogger Bank, an extensive sand-bank in the North sea, between the north of Germany and England, the west end of which extends nearly to Scarborough in Yorkshire, and the eastern within 20 leagues of the coast of Jutland. It is mudi frequented by English and Dutchfor thecod fishery. Dof>liani,t. Piedmont, 20 m. N. N. E. Mondori. Pop. 4,000. Dohrman, t. Tuscarawas co. Ohio. Pop. 520. Doiagoi, isl. in the Frozen sea, at the entrance of Waygat's straits. Lon. 57 14' E. Lat. 70* 5'N. Doira, r. Piedmont, which falls into the Po, DON Dot. t. France, in Ille-and-Vilaine, 34 m. N. W. Rennes. Lon. 1 45' 3" E. Lat. 48 33' 8" N. Dolce Aqua, t. Sardinian States, 16m. E. N. E. Nice. Pop. 1,100. Dole, t. France, in Jura, on the Doubs, 23 m. S. W. Besancon, 28 S. E. Dijon. Lon. 5 30' E. Lat. 17 6' N. Pop. 8,250. Dole, La, one of the loftiest parts of the Jura 'liain, between the French department of Jura and the Swiss canton of Vaud. Its summit is 5600 feet above the level of the sea. Dolgelly, t. Wales, in Merioneth, on the Avon, 40 m. S. 'Caernarvon. Lon. 4 36' W. Lat. 52 44' N. Pop. 3,064. Dollarl Bay, or The Dollert, a large arm of the North Sea, extending between East Friesland and Gronmgen, to the mouth of the river Ems. Dolnitz, r. Saxony, which runs into the Elbe, 15 m. below Meissen. Dolo, II, t. in the Venetian territory, 8 m. E. N. E. Padua. Pop. 8,000. Dolorskoi, fort, A. Russia, in Kolhyvane, on the Irkutsk, 16 m. W. Semipolatnoi. Dolphin Bay, in the straits of Magellan, on the coast of Terra del Fuego. Lon. 76 7' W. Dolphin Cape, a head land, which forms the E. point of the N. entrance into Falkland's sound. Doma, r. S. America, which enters the Orinoco, 60 in. above the Meta. Domainc, Riviere du, r. Lower Canada, which flows into the St. Lawrence, 6 m. below the island of Orleans. Domboo, t. Africa, in Bornou, on the cara- van route from Mourzouk, 200 m. N. N. W. Bor- nou. Domboo, salt lakes, Africa, on the N. extremity of Bornou, and from which that kingdom, Cassi- na, and the States S. of the Niger, are supplied with salt. Domesnes, cape, Russia, in Courland, at the en- trance of the gulf of Riga, in Ion. 22 16' E. and lat. 57 39' N. Domfront, t. France, 35 m. W. N. W. Alencon. Lon. 34 W. Lat. 48 35' N. Pop. 1,548. Domingo, St. See Hispaniola. Dominica, isl. in the West Indies, between lat. 15 10' and 15 36' N. and between Ion. 61 17' and 61 32' W. being 29 miles long and 16 broad. It contains 186,436 acres. The value of its exports, which consist of coffee, sugar, rum, cotton, and wool, in 1809 was 161,29 1/, and in 1810, 39,686/. The value of its imports during the same years is stated at 315,584/, and 282,002^. Pop. in 1805, 26,499, viz. 1,594 whites, 2,822 people of colour, and 22,083 slaves. It belongs to the British. Dominica, one of the Marquesas islands, 45 miles in circumference. Lon. 139 3' W. Lat. 9 39' S. Domilz, t. in Mecklenburg, on the Elbe, 34 m. werin. Lon. 1 1 22' E. Lat. 53 10' N. Domitzsch, t. Prussian states, 10 m. S. Witten- berg Lon. 12 56' E. Lat. 51 37' N. Dommel, r. Netherlands, which falls into the Maese at Fort Crevecour. Domstadt, t. Moravia, 10 m. N. E. Olmutz. Damns, t. Hind, in Gujerat, at the mouth of the Tauty. Lon. 72 5? E. Lat. 21 5' N. Don, r. Scotland, rises in the N. W. part of Ab- erdeen co. and falls into the sea north of Old Aber- deen, after a course of 62 miles. Don, (an. Tanait,) r. Eu. Russia, rises in the government of Tula, and after a winding course 29 DON 225 of 1,100 miles, empties itself into the sea of Azoph. Don, r. Up. Canada, runs into Lake Ontario at York Harbor. Donaghadee, t. Ireland, in Down co. on the coast of the Irish channel, 15 m. E. Belfast Lon. 5 25' W. Lat. 54 37' N. Donaldson's, p-v. Rowan co. N. C. Donaldsonville, t. in the parish of Ascension, Louisiana, on the W. bank of the Mississippi, at the efflux of the Lafourche. Donaueschingen, t. Baden, 11 m.W. Duttlingen. Lon. 8 30' 25" E. Lat. 47 57' N. Donauu-erth, t. Bavaria, on the Danube, at the influx of the Wernitz, 25 m. N. Augsburg. Lon. 10 47' 3" E. Lat. 48 43' 15" N. Pop. 2,460. Donawitz, an arm of the Danube, which unites that river with the Temesch above Belgrade. Doncaster, t. Eng. in West Riding of Yorkshire, on the Don. It is well built, and contains an ele- gant church, several houses of worship for dissen- ters, and a theatre, 18 m. N. E. Sheffield, 36 S. York, and 162 N. London. Lon. 1 1' W. Lat. 53 27' N. Pop. 6,935. Donchery, t. France, in Ardennes, on the Maese. Lon. 4 53'' E. Lat. 49 41' 50" N. Pop. 1,441. Donderkoni's Point, a cape on the E. coast of Borneo. Lon. 117 40' E. Lat. 45' S. Dondowang, isl. in the E. Indian sea. Lon. 118 E. Lat. 5 25' S. Dondra Head, a low point of land, which forms the S. extremity of Ceylon. Here is a populous village. Lon. 80 40' E. Lat. 5 50' N. Donegal, co, Ireland, bounded N. and W. by the Atlantic, E. by Londonderry and Tyrone, and S. by Fermanagh and the Bay of Ballyshannon. It contains 1 ,725 sq. miles. Great part of the sur- face is waste. The chief town is Lifford. Pop. 200,000. Donegal, t. Ireland, in Donegal co. on a bay of the same name, on the W. coast of the island, 9. m. N. N. E. Ballyshannon, and 111 N. W. Dublin. Donegal, t. Lancaster co. Pa. on the N. E. side of the Susquehannah, 18 m. W. N. W. Lancaster. Pop. 3,986. There is another town of this name in Washington co. Pop. 1,879; another in Butler co. Pop. 960 ; and another, p-t. in Westmoreland co. Pop. 2,564. Donets, r. Russia, falls into the Don, in the country of the Don Cossacks. It is navigable to Izium. Donge?i,v. Netherlands, in North Brabant, 6 m. E. N. E. Breda. Pop. 2,098. Donges, t. France, on the Loire, near its mouth. 21 m. W. N. W. Nantes. Pop. 2,112. Dongola, or Dankala, t. on the Nile, and cap. of Nubia, 280 m. S. of Syene. Since the expulsion of the Mamelukes from Egypt, they have taken possession of Dongola, and established here a pet- ty state. Their number is only about 500, with 3,000 or 4,000 negro slaves. Lon. 32 E. Lat. 19 20' N. Dongow, t. Birman empire, on the W. side of the Irrawaddy river, 20m. N. Loonsey. Donkov, t. Russia, in Riazan, on the Don, 560 m. S. S. E. Petersburg!!. Pop. 2,100. Donna Maria Bay, on the W. coast of the island of Hispaniola. Donnington, or Dunninglon, t. Eng. in Lincoln . It has a good port for barges, which export hemp and hemp-seed to Boston and the Washes ; 1 1 m. W. S. W. Boston. 226 DOR DOR Donningion, v. Eng. in Berks, 2 m. N. N. W. Newbury. Donnington, or Castle Donnington, t. Eng. 18 m. N. Leicester. Pop. 2,308. Donskaia,fort, A. Russia, the first of a chain of posts between the sea of Azoph and the Caspian. 116 m. N. N. W. Ekaterinograd. Donskaia, fort, A. Russia, on the Don ; 220 m. E. N. E. Azoph. Donski Cossacks. See Cossacks. Donzeres, t. France, in Brome, 7 m. S. Monteli- mart. Pop. 1,500. Donsv, t. France, in Nievre, 8m. E. Cosne. Lou. 2 55' E. Lat. 47 2-2' N. Pop. 3,065. Donzy, t. France, in Loire, with extensive iron forges, 5 m. N. E. Fours. Doo, r. Africa, which falls into the gulf of Gui- nea. Lon. 2 40' E. Lat. 6 20' N. Dooab, the name of several districts of India, signifying a tract of land between two rivers ; but chiefly applied to the territory between the Ganges and Jumna, comprehended in the provin- ces of Delhi, Agra, and Allahabad. It now be- longs entirely to the British ; and is a fine pro- ductive country, yielding every kind of grain, tobacco, cotton, indigo, and sugar, in abundance. The inhabitants are nearly equally Hindoos and Mahometans. Dooabeh Barry, district, Hind, in Lahore, be- tween the Beyah and Ravey rivers. Dooabeh Jallinder, district, Hind, in Lahore, between the Suttledge and Beyah rivers. It is esteemed the most fruitful of all the Seik posses- sions. Doolabary,i. Bengal, on the Atri river. Lon. 8850'E. Lat. 24 39' N. Doondcakcra, t. Hind. inOude, on the Ganges. Lon.8040'E. Lat. 26 12' N. Doornspyck, v. Netherlands, in Guelderland, near the Zuyder Zee, 3 m. S. W. Elburg. Dooryshaut, t. Hind, in Benares, on the Gogra. Lon. 83~31' E. Lat. 26 15' N. Dooshak, or Julallabad, t. Persia, cap. of Seistan. Lon. 61 13 7 E. Lat. 31 26' N. It contains 2,000 houses. Dora/;, or Fdahi, t. Persia, in Kuzistan, cele- brated for the manufacture of Arabian cloaks, which are exported in great numbers. Pop. 8,000. 75 m. S. Shuster. Dorat, t. France, in Upper Vienne, 28 m. N. Limoges. Lon. 1 9' E. Lat. 46 13' N. Pop. 3,100. Dorchester, t. Eng. in Oxford co. on the Thames, 9 m. E. Oxford, 49 W. N. W. London. Dorchester, t. Eng. cap. of Dorset co. Here are 3 churches ; 3 alms-houses ; a county jail, erected after the plan of Mr. Howard, at the ex- pense of 16,179/. This town is a borough, re- turning 2 members to Parliament. Pop. 2,546. 119m. W. London. Lon. 2 25' W. Lat. 50 43' N. Dorchester, co. Lower Canada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, and extending along the E. bank of the Chaudiere. Dorchester, t. Middlesex co. Up. Canada. Dorchester, t. Grafton co. N. H. 42 m. N. N. W. Concord. Pop. 584. Dorchester, t. Norfolk co. Mass. 3 m. S. S E. Boston. Pop. 3,684. It is an ancient town, hav- ing been settled in 1630. It contains many beau- tiful country seats, and 4 houses of public worship, 3 for Congrcgationalists, and 1 for Methodists. The peninsula, called Dorchester neck, borders on Boston harbor, and a part of it is incorporated with the town of Boston. Dorchester, t. Cumberland co. N. J. on the E. side of Morris river, 5 m. from its mouth, 17 E. Fairfield. Dorchester, co. Md. on the eastern shore of the Chesapeake, bounded N. by Talbot and Caroline counties, E. by Delaware, S. and W. by Chesa- peake bay. Pop. 17,759; ^slaves, 5,158; engaged in agriculture 2,153, in commerce 30, in manufac- tures 41. Chief town, Cambridge. Dorchester, p-t. and cap. Colleton district, S. C. on Ashley river, 18m. W. N. W. Charleston. Dordogne, r. France, which rises in Auvergne t and falls into the Garonne, at Bourg, 15 m. below Bourdeaux. The united river takes the name of Gironde. The course of the Dordogne is above 200 miles. Dordogne, a department of France, adjoining the departments of the Gironde, Charente, and Correze. It contains 3,600 sq. miles, and 425,000 inhabitants. Wine, oil, and cattle, form the chief articles of export. Dor/io, or Dradate, port, Africa, on the Red sea, with a good harbor, 36 m. N. Suakem. Dorking, or Darking, t. Eng. in Surrey, 23 m. S. S. W. London. Pop. 3,259. Dornach, or Dornegg, t. Switz. in Soleure, 6 m. S. Bale, 20 N. N. E. Soleure. Dornburg. t. Germany, 5 m. N. Jena. Lon. 11 40' E. Lat. 51 2' N. Dornhan, t. Wirtemberg, in the Black Forest, 40 m. S. W. Stuttgard. Lon. 8 33' E. Lat. 48 17' N. Pop. 1,056. Dornheim, t. of the grand dutchy of Hesse, 5 m. W. Darmstadt. Pop. 822. Dornoch, s-p. Scotland, in Sutherland co. on the N. coast of the Frith of Dornoch, 211 m. N. Edinburgh. Lat. 57 50' N. Lon. 4 W. Dornstetten,t. Wirtemberg, 32 m. E. Strasbura-, Lon. 8 35' E. Lat. 48 28' N. Dorozobush, t. Eu. Russia, in Smolensko, on the Dnieper, 46 m. E. N. E. Smolensko. Dorpal, t. Eu. Russia, in Livonia. A univer- sity has been established here since 1802, with a revenue of from 10,000 to 1 5,000/. sterling. 65 m. S. W. Narva, 120 N. N. E. Riga. Lon. 25 28' 9'' E. Lat. 58 22' 45" N. Pop. 4,500. Dorset, co. Eng. bounded N. by Somerset and Wilts, E. by Hampshire, S. by the British chan- nel, and W. by Devon and Somerset. It contains 1,129 sq. miles, or 711,270 acres, of which 153,588 are arable, and 300,000 pasture, meadow, common, and downs. Pop. in 1811, 124,693 ; families, 26,821, of which number 12,982 were engaged in agriculture, and 9,607 in trade and manufactures. Great attention is paid to the breeding of sheep, and it is computed that the county contains 800,000 of these animals. Dorset, p-t. Bennington co. Vt. 27 m. N. Ben- nington. Pop. 1,359. Dorsten, t. of the grand dutchy of the Lower Rhine, 40 m. S. S. Munster. Lon. 6 57' 40'' E. Lat. 51 40' 3" N. Dort, t. Netherlands, in S. Holland, on an isl- and formed by the Maese and the Biesboch. It was first detached from the mainland by a dread- ful inundation, which happened in 1421, and breaking down the dykes, swept away 72 villages, in which 100,000 persons perished. The situa- tion is highly favourable for trade, and the har- bor sufficiently commodious ; goods may be landed in the very heart of the city by means of the ca- D O V Hals. The timber, which is brought in immense floats on the Rhine from Germany, is either pre- pared for different uses in the saw mills which skirt the town, or exported unwrought to Britain, Spain, and Portugal. In 1457, this place was in great part destroyed by fire. In 1618 and 1619 was held the famous synod of Dort, an assembly ot Protestant divines which condemned the tenets of 4rminius. 1 1 m. S. E. Rotterdam, 36 S. by \V. Amsterdam. Lon. 4 39' 42" E. Lat. 51 48' 54" N. Pop. 19,400. Dortmund, t Prussian states, in the province of Westphalia, on the Ems, 40 m. N. N. E. Cologne. Lon. 7 26' 41" E. Lat. 51 3 1' 24'' N. Pop. 6,000. Dovarese, t. Lombardy, near the Oglio, 24 m. W. N. W. Mantua. Douarnenez, s-p. France, in Finis'terre, 20 m. S. Brest. Lon. 4 14' W. Lat. 48 5' N. Douay, a strong t. France, on the small but navigable river Scarpe. It contains a university, schools for drawing, medicine, and mathematics, and a physical cabinet, a chemical laboratory, a botanic garden, and a public library. This place has long been celebrated for its' English schools ; and a number of Roman Catholic youths from England and Ireland are sent thither for their ed- ucation. Pop. 18,000. 15 m. N. W. Cambray, 83 N. N. E. Paris. Lon. 3 5' 2" E. Lat. 50 22'12" N. Double-bridge, p-v. Luenburg co. Va. Double Point, cape, on the N. E. coast of New Holland. Lon. 214 1' W. Lat. 17 50' S. Daubs, or Doux, r. France. It rises in the Jura mountains, and forms, for some distance, the boun- dary between France and Switzerland. It falls into the Saone at Verdun. It has long been in contemplation to connect this river by a canal with the 111, and thus open a communication be- tween the Rhine and the Rhone. Doubt, a department of France, bordering on Switzerland, and watered by the river Doubs. Pop. 227,000. Doudeville, t. France, in Lower Seine, 25 m. N. N. W. Rouen. Pop. 2,929. Douc, t. France, in Maine-and-Loire, 9 m. S. W. Saumur. Pop. 1,805. Dove, r. Eug. which falls into the Trent below Burton. Dove, cape, on the coast of Nova Scotia. Lon. 64 W. Lat. 54 20' N. Dove Island, small isl. in Torres strait, on the N. coast of New Holland. Dover, s-p. Eng. in Kent, situated in a valley almost surrounded by chalky cliffs. It is defended by a strong and spacious castle, including an area of about 35 acres ; and all the neighbouring heights are fortified. The castle occupies a lofty eminence, steep and rugged towards the town and harbor, and presents a precipitous cliff 320 feet higher than the sea. Dover is one of the Cinque Ports, and a borough returning 2 members to par- liament The harbor can receive vessels of 400 or 500 tons, and is defended by strong batteries. It is the principal place of embarkation to France, and employs 27 packets for that purpose. The channel is about 22 miles wide. Samphire is still gathered from the cliffs, as in the days of Shaks- peare. Pop. 9,074. 8 m. fr. Deal, 16 fr. Canter- bury, 72 E. S. E. London. Lon. 1 19' E. Lat. 5l6'N. Dover, t Kent co. Up. Canada, on lake St. Clair, at the mouth of the Thames. Dover, p-t. and cap. Strafford co. N. H. 12 m. N. N. W. Portsmouth. Lat. 43 11' N. Lon. D O U 227 70 50' W. Pop. 2,871. The village is at the head of the tide, on Cocheco river, 4 m. above its junction with Salmon Fall river. It is an ancient town, having been incorporated in 1633, and con- tains a court-house, a jail, a bank, a printing-of- fice, and two houses for public worship, 1 for Con- gregationalists and 1 for Friends. Dover has of late made much progress in manufactures. A company with a capital of $500,000, have erected a rolling and slitting mill and nail factory at which 1000 tons of iron are rolled and 600 or 700 cut in- to nails annually, and 2 cotton factories, one of which has 4,000 spindles and 120 or 130 looms, and is calculated to produce 20,000 yards of cloth per week. Other improvements are begun. Dover has daily communication with Portsmouth by a packet boat. Dover, t. Windham co. Vt. Pop. 829. Dover, t. Norfolk co. Mass, on Charles river, 7 m. W. Dedham, 16 S. W. Boston. Pop. 548. Dover, p-t. Dutchess co. N. Y. 21 m. E. Pough- keepsie, 100 S. Albany. Pop. 2,193. It contains 2 meeting-houses for Quakers, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Presbyterians. Dover, t. Monmouth co. N. J. between Shrews- bury and New Stratford. Pop. 1,916. Dover, p-t. York co. Pa. on Fox run, which falls into Conewago creek near its mouth in the Susquehannah. Pop. 1,816. Dover, p-t. Kent co. Delaware, and cap. of the State, on Jones' creek,7m. from itsmouth in Dela- ware bay, 48 m. S. Wilmington, 76 S. S. W. Phi- ladelphia. Lat. 39" 10' N. Lon. 75 24' W. There are 4 streets, which intersect each other at right angles, and leave in the centre of the town a spa- cious square, on the east side of which is an ele- gant State-house. The town contains also a bank, academy and 2 places of public worship, 1 for Presbyterians, and 1 for Episcopalians. It has a lively appearance, and carries on considerable trade with Philadelphia, chiefly in flour. Pop. about 1,000. Dorer, p-t. and cap. Stuart co. Ten. on Cum- berland river, 317 m.fr. Murfreesboro'. Dover, t. Athens co. Ohio. Pop. 592. Dover, p-t. Cuyahoga co. Ohio, on lake Erie Pop. 308. Dover, p-t. Tuscarawas co. Ohio. Pop. 718. Dover mills, p-v. Goochland co. Va. Douglas, v. Scotland, in Lanark, 38 m. S. W. Edinburgh. Douglas, small r. Scotland, which falls into the Clyde, 7 m. below Douglas. Douglas, s-p. of the Isle of Man. Pop. 2,631. Lon. 4 44' W. Lat. 54 9' N. Douglass, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 17 m. S. Worcester. Pop. 1,375. Douglass, t. Montgomery co. Pa. on the N. side of the Schuylkill. Pop. 750. Douglass, t. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 709. Douglas Cape, the W. point of the entrance in- to Cook's inlet. Lon. 152 39' W. Lat. 58 52' N. Douglas Island, between Admiralty island and the N. W. coast of America. Lat. 58 16' \. Douglass-mills, p-v. Cumberland co. Pa. Douletabad. See Dowlalabad. Doulevant, t. France, in Upper Marne, 9 m. S. W. Joinville. Doullens, t. France, in Somme, 15 m.N Amiens Lon. 2 25' E. Lat. 50 35' N. Pop. 3,000. Donne, t. Scotland, in Perthshire, on the river Teith, near the confluence of the Ardoch, 8 ra N W. Stirling, 43 W. Edinburgh. 228 D R A D R E Dour, r. Eng. falls into the Munnow, 12m. N. W. Monmouth. Dourdan, t. France, in Seine-and-Oise, 18 m. S. S. W. Versailles. Pop. 2,H70. Dourlach, isl. of the Mediterranean, in the gulf of Smyrna. Lon. 26 36' E. Lat. 38 31' N. Douro, or Dw:ro, large r. Spain, which rises on the borders of Arr agon, and flowing 1 W. through Portugal, runs into the Atlantic, a little below Oporto. Douvres, t. France, in Calvados, 9 m. W. Cain. Pop. 2,239. Dory, or Dyjfi, r. Wales, falls into Cardigan bay, about 7 m. N. Aberystwith. Douse, La, r. France, wich runs into the Adour below Tartas. Douzy. t. France, in Nievre, 11 in. E. S. E. Cosne. Pop. 3,600. Dowlatabad, formerly called Deoghir, a cele- brated city and fortress of Hind, in Aurungabad. It is considered as the key of the Deccan. Lon. 76 2' E. Lat. 1952'N. Doivn, co. Ireland, bounded N. by Antrim and an arm of the sea, E. and S. by the Irish sea, and W. by Armagh. It contains 936 sq. miles, or 559,995 acres. The principal manufactures are linen and muslin. Pop. about 200,000, the half of which are Roman Catholics. Down, or Down-Patrick, t. Ireland, cap. of Down co. It has a good linen market, and carries on considerable trade. It is celebrated as being the place of St. Patrick's interment. 20 m. S. E. Belfast, 74 N. E. Dublin. Lon. 5 39' W. Lat. 54 28' N. Pop. 5,000. Doume, t. Cumberland co. N. J. Pop. 1,749. Downham* t. Eng. in Norfolk, on the river Ouse, 11 m. S. Lynn. Dow, lie, t. Central Africa, on the Niger, 25 m. W. S. W. Tombuctoo. Doirningtown, p-t. Chester co. Pa. on the E. side of Brandy wine creek, 33 m. W.by N. Phila- delphia. Doicns, a road in the English channel, lying oif Deal. See Deal Doumton, t.Eng. in Wiltshire, 6 m.S. Salisbury. Pop. 2,624. Doyhstou-n, p-t. Bucks co. Pa. 15 m. N. W. Newton, 26 N. Philadelphia. Pop. 1,430. Doylesrille, p-v. Feliciana co. Louisiana. Draaiya, t. Arabia, the capital of a new reli- gious sect called Wahabees 160 leagues S. E. Je- rusalem. Drac, r. Erance, which falls into the Isere near Grenoble. Dracut, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass, on the N. side of the Merrimack, at Patucket falls, 28 m. N. N. W. Boston. Pop. 1,407. Dradate. See Dorho. Draga, small r. Istria, which falls into the Adri- atic, between Parenzo and Rovigno. DraganlCj r. A.Turkey, in Caramania, which runs into the Mediterranean 20 m.N. N.E.Anemur. Dragoe, small t. Denmark, in the island of A- mack, 6 m. S. E. Copenhagen. Pop. 1,100. Dragone, r. Naples, which rises on Mount Ve- suvius, and falls into the Samo. Dragonara, t. Naples, in Capitanata, 13m. N. Volturara. Pop. 1,800. Draguignan, t. France, cap. of the drp. of the Var, is situated in a fertile and agreeable plain, 35 m. N. E. Toulon. Lon. 6 28' 38" E. Lat. 43 32-18"N. Pop. 7,860. Draha. See Darah. Drake, a po'rt on the N. W. coast of America. Lat. 37 58' N. Drakenstcin, a district of the colony of the Cape of Good Hope, in an extensive valley, about 30 or 40 miles from Cape Town, which embraces some of the most fertile land in the colony, and in it is made two-thirds of the wine brought to the Cape. Drammen, t. Norway, on the Drammer, 20 m. S. VV. Christinum. Pop. 6,000. Drawee, r. Swto. which runs through the Low- er Valais, and falls into the Rhone, before the lat- ter reaches the lake of Geneva. Di-fin.sfrld, t. Hanover, 6 in. S.W. Gottingen. Dras. See Kithme. Drauburg, Upper and Lower, 2 small towns of the Austrian dominions, in Carinthia. Tho for- mer i? in the circle of Villac-h, u//j)lin, v. Scotland, in Perthshire, 5 m. fr. Perth. Duquella, a fertile province of Morocco, about 75 miles in length, and 60 in breadth. Dntftii-xnr, l-'urt. See Piltsburg. Duralde, v. S. America, in Tucuman, on the post road between Buenos Ayres and Potosi, 987 m. X. W. Potosi. Durance, r. France, empties into the Rhone be- tween Avignon and Tarascon. D U R Durand, t. Coos co. N. H. 77 m. N. Concord. Pop. 78. Durango, t. Spain in Biscay, 15 m. E. Bilboa, Durango, an intendancy of Mexico. It is boun- ded N. by New Mexico, E. by San Luis Fotosi ; S. by Zacatecas and Guadalaxara, and W. by Sono- ra. It contains 129,947 sq. miles, and only 159,700 inhabitants. Durango, t. Mexico, in the intendency of Du- rango. It is the residence of the intendarit and of a bishop. 170 leagues N. W. the city of Mexico. Pop 12,000. Duranfs bay, inlet, on the coast of N. C. in Al- bemarle sound. Lon 76 16' W. Lat. 35 40' N. Duranfs Island, small isl. in Albemarle sound, N. C. Lon. 76 15' W. Lat. 35 46' N. DuranCs Point, cape, on the coast of N. Caro- lina, in Albemarle sound. Lon. 76 30' VV. Lat. 36 5' N. Dura?, t. France, in Lot and Garonne, 10 m. N. M armande. Lon. 10' 1 5" VV. Lat. 44 40' N. Dwazzano, t. Naples, 16 m. N. E. Naples. Durazzo, s-p. Eu. Turkey, pn the coast of Al- bania, in the gulf of Venice. Its harbor is com- modious for vessels of moderate size. Pop. 5,000. 88 m. 3. S. E. Ragusa. Lon. 19 36' E. Lat. 41 35' N. Durbungah, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 85 54' E. Lat 26" 27' N. Durbuy, t. Netherlands, in Luxemburg, on the Ourthe, 20 in. S. by W. Liege. Lon. 5 22' E. Lat. 50 21' N. Duren, t. Prussian states, on the Roer, 15 m E. Aix-la-Chapelle. Lon. 6 23' E. Lat. 50 49' N. Pop. 4,700. Duretal, t. France, in Maine and Loire, 8 m. S. W. La Fleche. Durgut, or Casaban, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, 18 m. E. Smyrna. Durham, a county, Eng. bounded N. by North- umberland, E. by the German ocean, S. by York- shire, from which it is separated by the river Tees, and W. by Cumberland and Westmoreland. It contains 1,040 sq. miles, or 635,000 acres, of which 144,000 acres consist of heath. Lead has been wrought here to a great extent during sever- al centuries ; and in the year 1809, 86 mines were open in different parts of the country. Abundance of iron has been obtained for a period of about 350 years. But the most important mineral is coal, which occupies a subterraneous area, 22 miles in length by half as much in breadth, and is computed to be the means directly or indirectly of giving subsistence to 26,000 persons, including the *eamen employed in the vessels for exporting it. i'op. in 1811, 177,625. Durham, city, Eng. capital of Durham county, on the banks of the river Wear, by which it is al- most surrounded. Its situation is fine and pictur- esque. It contains a venerable cathedral, six par- ish churches, places of worship for Presbyterians an 1 Methodists, two Roman Catholic chapels, and a Quaker meeting-house. It is the see of a bish- <>;>. v, ho is lord paramount of the county. Pop. in i::l1, 7,953. 16 m. S. Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 132 8. Edinburgh, 259 N. London. Lon. 1 33' W. Lat. 54 54' N. Iturham, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, on the VV. side of the St. Francis. Durham, p-l. Cumberland co. Maine, on the ABdrMOOggin, 26 m. N. K. Portland. Pop. 1,562. Durham, p-t. Stratford co. N. H. on Oyster riv- r, at its junetkm with the Piscataqua, 11 m. VV. 30 D W A 233 N. W. Portsmouth. Pop. 1,538. There is a vil- lage at the falls of Oyster river, containing about 40 houses and a church. On the top of a hill in this town there is a rock, computed to be of 70 or 80 tons weight, lying so exactly poised on another rock as to be easily moved with the hand. Durham, p-t. Middlesex co. Ct. 7 m. S. Middle- town, 18 N. E. New-Haven. Pop. 1,210. Durham, formerly Freehold, p-t. Green co. N. Y. on Catskill river, 20 m. N. W. Athens, 30 S. W. Albany. Pop. 2,979. It contains 1 Metho- dist and 2 Presbyterian churches, and a public li- brary of 400 volumes. Durham, p-t. Bucks co. Pa. on the Delaware, 12 m. S. Easton. Pop. 485. Durlach, t. Germany, in Baden, formerly cap. of the margraviate, of Baden-Durlach. Here is the Ducal castle of Karlsburg, an elegant church, and an academy. It is remarkable for its manu- factory of porcelain. 5 m. E. Carlsruhc, 15 N. E. Rastadt, and 32 N. N. W. Stuttgard. Lon. 8 31' E. Lat. 48 39' N. Pop. 4,000. Durrenberg, v. of the Prussian states, in the dutchy of Saxony, about 1 m. fr. Merseburg, with a great salt mine. Durrenberg is likewise the name of a great salt mine in the Austrian states, in the dutchy of Saltzburg, about a league from Hallein, which yields annually nearly 300,000 cwt. of salt, Durrow,i. Ireland, 14 m. N. N. W. Kilkenny. Dursley, t. Eng. in Gloucestershire. Pop. 2,580. 15 m. S. Gloucester. Dusky Bay, on the W. coast of Tavai Poenam- moo, one of the islands of New Zealand. Lon.. 166 n 48'E. Lat. 45 40' S. Dusseldorf, t. now subject to Prussia, on the Rhine, at the junction of the Dussel. It has a castle which contains a celebrated gallery of paint- ings, comprising the chefd'ceucres of Rubens, Van- dyk, Vanderwerf, and other Flemish masters. Here are several elegant churches, extensive bar- racks, pleasant public walks, and an academy for paintings. 20 m. N. N. VV. Cologne, 30 N. E. Aix-la-Chapelle, and 62 S. W. Minister. Lon. 6 46' 25" E. Lat. 51 13' 42" N. Pop. 19,000. Dussemond, v. Prussian states, near the Moselle, 4 m. N. W. Veldentz. Dust, or Dustee, r. Persia, flows through the province of Mekran into the Indian ocean. Dutches*, co. N. Y. on the E. side of the Hud- son, bounded N. by Columbia co. E. by Connect- icut, S. by Putnam co. and W. by the Hudson, which separates it from Orange and Ulster coun- ties. Pop. 46,615; slaves 772; engaged in agri- culture 7,306, in commerce 319, in manufactures 2,826. Chief town, Poughkeepsie. Dutlingen, t. Wirtemberg, on the Danube, 25 m. N. W. Constance. Lon. 8 49' 50'' E. Lat. 47 59' 2" N. Pop. 3,760. Dutotsburg, p-t. Northampton co. Pa. Dutjfs, p-v. Sumner co. Tennessee. Dutysville, p-v. Sumner co. Tennessee. Duxboroufrh, p-t. Plymouth co. Mass. 10m. N. Plymouth, 38 S. E. Boston. Pop. 2,403. A num- ber of vessels are owned here, and employed in the coasting trade and the fisheries. Duxbvry, t. Washington co. Vt. on Onion river, 13 m. W. Montpelier. POD. 440. Duyvclandy isl. Netherlands, in the province of Zealand. Lon. 3 51' E. Lat. 51 41' N. Dwaraca, t. in Hind. Gujerat. Lon. 69P 15' E. Lat.2221'N. 234 E A S E A S Diright, Arkansas Ter. a missioimry among the Cherokees established in 1820 by the American Board of Foreign Missions. It is on the W. bank of Illinois river, which empties into the Arkansas 4 miles below, and is navigable for keel bouts to Dwiglit. The site of the settlement is a small eminence at the foot of which issues a large spring of pure water. The lands on both sides of the river are fertile, and there is a good mill-seat in the vicinity. Houses are erected for the accommodation of the mission family, and a school is opened containing' in 1822, 45 pupils. 200 m. above the town of Arkansas, 150 above Lit- tle Rock, 500, as the river runs, from the mouth of the Arkansas, 100 below Fort Smith. Dti-ina, a large river of Russia, whk-h rises on the borders of the governments of Pskov and T v-i . and falls into the gulf of Riga at Dunamunde, a few miles below Riga. Diritw, a large river of European Russia, which falls, by two arms, into the White sea, a little N. W. Archangel. Dyberry, t. Wayne co. Pa. Pop. 733. Dyer" 1 * Cop*, on the E. coast of N. America. Lon. 66 10' VV. Lat. 65 20' N. Dyle,r. Netherlands, unites a little below Mech- lin with the Demer, to form the Ruppel. Dysurt, borough, Scotland, in Fifeshire, 14 m. N. E. Edinburgh. Pop. 1,729. E. EAGLE,!. Ilockhockingco. Ohio. Pop. 348. Eagle, t. Brown co. Ohio. Pop. 2,0^. Eagle, creek, Ohio, which runs into Ohio river, JO m. below Maysville Kentucky. Eagle Island, near the W. coast of Ireland. Lon. 9 54' W. Lat. 54 17' N. Eagle Island, in the Pacific, near the N. E coast of New-Holland. Lat. 14 32' S. Eagle Island, Hancock co. Maine. Pop. 8. Eagle River, a river of N. America, which runs into the Mississippi. Lon. 92 14' W. Lat. 43 50' N. Eaglesham, v. Scotland, in Renfrewshire. 9 m. S. Glasgow. Eagleville, v. in Manlius, Onondaga co. N. Y. li m. E. Manlius village. Eaglevilie^ t. Marengo co. Alabama, on the Tombigbee, at the confluence of the Black warrior. A settlement is formed here by French emigrants. Ealing, v. Eng. in Middlesex, 6 m. W. N. W. London/ Eardley, t. York co. Lower Canada, on Ottawa river, N. VV. of Montreal. Earl, t. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 934. Earl, p-t. Lancaster co. Pa. on Conestago creek. Pop. 5,5.59. Earl Multon, v. Eng. 9 m. S. S. W. Leicester. Earl's Ferry, v. Scotland, on the coast of Fife, i a mile from Ely. Ear l.itown, v. Scotland, in Berwickshire, 34 m. S. E. Edinburgh. Early, co. Georgia. Pop. 7G8; slaves 21 6; en- gaged in agriculture 114, in commerce 14, in man- ufactures 4. Earne, r. Scotland, which issues from the east end of loch Earn, in Perthshire, and fulls into the Tay about a mile below Abcrnethy. Earthquake, lake, Missouri, 40 in. W. New Mad- rid, which communicates with St. Francis river. Eatington, v. Eng. in Yorkshire, 7 m. N. Whit- by. Another, 5 m. fr. Clithcroe. Easingicold, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 11 m. N. N. W. York. East Bolhnin, East Gothland, &c. See Both- nia, Gothland, <.Vc. Easllj ranch, r. Ohio, which rans into the little .Miami 9 m. above its mouth. Easi-J3ridgcwa(c',])-v. Plymouth co. Mass. Eatt-Chtster, p t. Wcstchester co. N. Y. 8 m. S. White Plains, 20 N. Jfew-York. Pop. 1,021. East-District, t. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 509. Easter Island, or Davis' land, isl. of the Pacific, containing 14 sq. miles. Lon. 109 29' 20" W. Lat. 27 9' 23" S. Easlermosl Key, small isl. in the bay of Hondu- ras. Lon. 87 48' W. Lat. 17 15' N. Eastern Bay, bay on the E. side of Chesapeake bay. Lon. 76 20' W. Lat. 38 50' N. Eastern Neck, small isl. Md. at the mouth of Chester river. Easterlon, t. Dauphin co. Pa. on the E. side of the Susquehannah, 4 m. above Harrisburg. East Greenwich, p-t. and cap. Kent co. R. I. on an arm of Narraganset bay, 16 m. S. Providence, 22 N. N. W. Newport. Pop. 1,519. It contains a court house, jail, academy, and two churches. East Guilford, p-v. in Guilford, New-Haven co. Ct. Eastham, p-t. Barnstable co. Mass. 24 m. N. E. Barnstable, 89 S. E. Boston. Pop. 766. Eastharnpton, p-t. Hampshire co. Mass. 5 m. S. Northampton. Pop. 712. Easthampton, p-t. Suffolk co. N. Y. comprises the southern promontory at the E. end of Long- Island, terminating in Montauk point, and in- cludes Gardiner's Island. 35 m. E. lliverhead, 1 12 E. New- York. Pop. 1,646. Clinton Acade- my, established in this town, is a flourishing insti- tution. East Hartford, p-t. Hartford co. Ct. on the E. side of Connecticut river, opposite Hartford, with which it is connected by a bridge. Pop. 3,373. It contains 4 churches, 2 for Cougregationalists, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Methodists.. Jit-re air numerous mills and manufactures. About ; j of :i mile from the river is a wide sired compactly settled, with a row of stately elms in the middle extending 2 miles. East Haddam, p-t. Middlesex co. Ct. on the E. side wf Connecticut river, 14 m. S. Middletown, 21 N. VV. New-London. Pop. 2,572. It contain' 4 churches, 3 for Congregationalists, and 1 lor Episcopalians. East H'tttiljnrg, p-t. Erie co. N. Y. East-JIarert, t. Essex co. Vt. 45 m. N. Mont; < lier. Pop. 34. East-Haven, t New-Haven co. Ct. on I Island Sound, 4 m. E. New-Haven. Pop. 1,237. E A S East Kingston, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 21 m. S. W. Portsmouth. Pop. 443. East Lothian. See Haddington, County of. East Main, that part of New Britain, or Labra- dor, which lies on the east side of James' bay. East Main-house, a station for the Indian fur trade, is on a river of this name flowing into June's bay. Lon. 78 42' W. Lat. 52 15' N. East Manor,t. Lancaster co. Pa. Pop. 3,303. East Meath. See Mealh. Easton, p-t. Bristol co. Mass. 10 m. N. Taun- ton, 22 S, Boston. Pop. 1,803. Easton, p-t. Washington co. N. Y. on the Hud- son. 16 m. S. W. Salem, 27 N. Albany. Pop. 3,051. Easton, p-t. and cap. Northampton co. Pa. is pleasantly situated on the Delaware, at the mouth of the Lehigh, 12 m. N. E. Bethlehem, 58 N. Phi- ladelphia. Pop. 2,370. It is regularly laid out and contains a court-house, jail, academy, and 2 banks. There is a bridge over the Delaware at this place, 570 feet long. Easton, -p-t. and cap. Talbot co. Md. is on Treadhaveu creek, 12 miles above its junction with the Choptank, 42 . E. S. E. Annapolis, 37 S. Chester. It is the largest town on the eastern shore of Maryland, and a place of considerable business, it contains a bank, academy, arsenal, court-house, jail, 2 printing offices, and 4 houses for public worship ; 1 for Methodists, 1 for Epis- copalians, 1 for Friends, and 1 for blacks. Pop. about 1,500. East Point, the N. E. extremity of New-Hol- land. Lat. 10 42' S. Eastport, p-t. and port of entry, Washington co. Maine, on Moose Island in Passamaquoddy bay. The island is about 4 miles long, and has a bold shore accessible for large vessels. Common tides rise here 25 feet. It lias intercourse by a ferry with Lubec 3 miles to the S. and at the N. extremi- ty is connected with the town of Perry by a hand- tome bridge 1207 feet long, erected in 1820 at an expense of $10,000. The town is principally built on the southern declivity of the island, and contains a bank, printing office, and 3 churches, 2 for baptists and 1 for congregationalists. Pop. 1,937. The inhabitants are engaged in commerce, particularly the lumber trade and the fisheries. The road across the island passes over high grounds, affording an extensive view of the bay, with its numerous islands, and of the adjacent coast. 41 in. E. N. E. .Machias, 279 E. N. E. Port- land, 60 S. W. St. John (N. B.) Lon. 67 W. Lat. 44 54' N. Eaxl rirtr, N. Y. is the strait through which Long-Hand Sound communicates with New-York bay. Its width at New-York is $ of a mile. It is navir.iMe for vessels of any burden. The strait called Hell Gate is in this river. Kant Hirer, port of entry, Va. Amount of ship- !';!.;. 1.7.;!; tons. /-'" ./ river, Florida, which runs into Pensacola Lon. 86" 50' W. Lat. 30 34' N. ^udburif, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. 18 m. W. linton. Pop. 962. Eot0n,t Chester . Pa. Pop. 618. Kant L'n ion, t. Wayne co. Ohio, 6 m. E. Woos- ter. Pop. 7}(7. ll'liiteland, p-v. Chester co. Pa. .T/W.vor, p-t. Hartford co. Ct. on the E. (,,.,,,(< -tii-ut river, 8 m. N. Hartford. Pop. 4 churches, 3 for congregation- al 1 for Episcopalians. The distillery of E B R 235 gin here is probably the largest in the United States. In this town is Warehouse Point, at the head of sloop navigation on Connecticut river, 13 m. above Hartford. Eastwood, v. Eng. in Nottinghamshire, 8 m. N. W. Nottingham. Eaton,i. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, 84 m. S. S. E. Three-Rivers. Pop. about 600. Eaton,p-t. Strafford co. N. H. 49 m. N. E. Con- cord. Pop. 1,071. Eaton, p-t. Madison co. N. Y. 30 m. S. W. Uti- ca,-120 W. Albany. Pop. 3,021. Eaton, t. Luzerne co. Pa. Pop. 478. Eaton, p-t. and cap. Preble co. Ohio, on St. Clair's creek within of a mile of old Fort St. Clair,24 m. W. Dayton, 90 W. Columbus. Pop. 255. Here is a printing office. Eaton Bray, v. Eng. in Bedford, 35 m. N. Lon- don. Eaton's Neck, the N. extremity of Huntington, in Suffolk co. on Long Island, N. Y. where a light- house is erected. Eatonton, p-t. and cap. Putnam co. Geo. in a very healthy situation. It contains a court house, jail, academy, and a church, which is erected on the Academy square, and is open to Christians of every denomination. The Academy consists of 2 handsome two story buildings, 150 yards apart, one for males and the other for females, and has a library and philosophical apparatus. The num- ber of students in each department is 50. 22 m. N. W. Milledgeville. Ea(ontown,v. in Shrewsbury, Monmouth co. N. J. 1 m. from the town of Shrewsbury. Eause, t. France, in Gers, 20 m. S. W. Condom. Lon. 4' E. Lat. 45 55' N. Pop. 3,300. Ebbsfleet, (an. Wyppedsfleet) hamlet, Eng. in the isle of Thanet, Kent. co. at the mouth of the Stour. Ebeltoft, t. Denmark, in North Jutland, on a bay of the Catte:at, 15m. N. N. E. Aarhuus. Lon. 1041'E. Lat. 56 11' N. Ebcnezer, creek, Geo. runs S. E. and falls into Savannah river at Ebenezer. Ebcneser, t. Effingham co. Geo. on Savannah river, 25 m. N. N. W. Savannah. It was settled in 1735, by Protestants from Germany. Ebeneser Academy, p-v. York co. S. C. Ebenfort, t. and castle, Lower Austria, on the Leytha, 18 m. S. Vienna. Ebenslmrg, p-t. and cap. Cambria co. Pa. wa- tered by the Conemaugh, 75 m. E. Pittsburg. Pop. 168. Eberach, r. Germany, which runs into the Red- nitz, 3 m. S. Bamberg. Eberbach, t. Baden, 18m. E. Heidelberg. Ebersburg, t. Austria, on the Traun, 8 m. N. W. Ens. Ebersdorf, t. Lower Austria, on the Danube, 8m. E. Q. E. Vienna. Pop. 1,165. Ebersheim, v. France, on an island formed by the 111 below Schelestat. Eberswald. See Neustadt Ebersu-ald. Ebesfalva, t. Transylvania, in Kokelburg, on the river Great Kokel. Pop. 2,900. Lon. 24 35' 36" E. Lat. 4611'48"N. Ebher. See Abher. Ebingen, t. Wirtemberg, 36 m. S. Stufgard. Lon. 9 3' E. Lat. 48 13' 40'' N. Pop. 3,750. Ebro, (an. Iberus,} r. Spain, rises on the bor- der- of Austria, and falls into the Mediterranean below Tortosa, in Catalonia. Of its two mouths, the one to the south is artificial, and of easier en 230 E D D trance than the other, which is nearly choked with mud. This river is in general very rapid, and little adapted for navigation. Ebsdorf, t. Hanover, in the principality of Lune- burg, 7 m. W. N. W. Ultzen. Ecclesall Bierloic, t. Eng. in Yorkshire. Pop. 6,569. 3 m. S. W. Sheffield. Ecclesfechan, t. Scotland, 16 m. N. E. Dumfries. Ecclcsfield, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 5 m. N. Shef- field. Pop. 5,805. Eccleshall, t. Eng. in Staffordshire, 14 m, N. W. London. Ecclesiastical Slate. See States of the Church. Ecckston, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 7 m. N. War- riugton. Echebrune, t. France, in Lower Charente, 6 m. S. Saintes. Echelles, Les, t. Savoy, on the Guyer, 15 m. S. W. Chambery. Echemin, r. Lower Canada, which falls into St. Lawrence from the S. 2 miles above Quebec. Echinades Islands, (otherwise called Nisia) group of islets at the entrance of the gulf of Lc- panto. Echt, v. Netherlands, in Limburg, 9 m. S. by W. Ruremond. Echterdingen, v. Wirtemberg, 5 m. S. Stutgard. Echternach, t. Netherlands, in Luxemburg, on the Saure, 10 m. W. Treves, 18 N. N. E. Luxem- burg. Pop. 3,060. Ecija, t. Spain, in Seville, on the W. bank of the Xenil. The adjacent territory is uncommon- ly fertile. The town contains 6 churches, 16 con- vents, and 15 hospitals. 55 m. E. N. E. Seville. Lon. 5 4' 34" W. Lat. 37 31' 51" N. Pop. 28,000. Eckdala, fortress, Bengal, district of Dacca, on the Luckya, now in ruins. Lon. 96 45' E. Lat. 24 4' N. Ecker, r. Hanover, which runs into the Ocker, 10m. S. Wolfenbuttel. Ecker en, t. Netherlands, 4 m. N. Antwerp. Eckernfoehrde, t. Denmark, on the coast of Sleswick, 10 m. S. Sleswick. Lon. 9 49" E. Lat. 5453'N. Eckero, small isl. Sweden, between +he Baltic and the gulf of Finland. Lon. 19 24' E. Lat. 60 15' N. Eckington, v. Eng. in Derbyshire; 6 m. fr. Ches- terfield. Pop. 2,889. Eckmuhl, t. Bavaria, 16 m. W. Straubing, near which a victory was gained in April 1809, by Bo- naparte over the Austrians. Eclipse Islands, cluster of small islands, near the S. W. coast of New-Holland. Lon. 118" 10' E. Lat. 35 8' S. Ecluse, Forlde r, fort, Switz. on the Rhone, 13 m. W. Geneva. Ecommoy, t. France, in Sarthe, 24 m. S. Le Mans. Pop. 2,700. Ec.ouen.i. France, 12m. N. Paris. Edam, t. .North Holland, near the Zuyder-zee, with a good harbor formed by the river Ey, 12 m. N. Amsterdam. Edam, isl. on the coast of Java, 9 m. N. N. E. Batavia. Edambaranum, t. India, in the Carnatic. Lat. 10 27' N. Eday, one of the Orkney Islands. Lon. 2 41' W. Lat. 59 4' N. Eddington, p-t. Penobscot co. Maine, on IY> nobscot nver, 5 m. E. Bangor. Fop. 271. Eddy groi-e, p-t. Culdwell co. Ken. E D G Eddystone, J\*cw, a rock in Bhem's canal, on the N. W. coast of America, in lat. 55 29' JS. Ic.u. 229 1 > I. Kddyslonc Rocks, reef of rocks in the English channel, in W. Ion. 4 5' and N. lat. 50 10' bear- ing about 14 in. S. W. Plymouth, and 10 i=. W. by S. from the Ramhead in Cornwall. From their position they are particularly dangerous to ships entering Plymouth Sound, and have been the oc- casion of numerous shipwrecks. Several light- houses erected on these rocks have been destroy- ed. In 1759, Mr. Smeaton completed the present lighthouse entirely of stone. It is about 80 feet high ; at times, however, the waves dash to a pro- digious height over its top. Eddyville, p-t. and cap. Caldwcll co. Ken. on Cumberland river, 50 m. fr. Harpshead. Edeleny, t. Hungary, in the county of Borshod, 33 m. N. by E. Agria. Lon. 20 55' E. Lat. 48 1?' 13" N. Eden, r. Scotland, in Berwickshire, which falls into the Tweed, 4 m. below Kelso. Another, falls into St. Andrew's bay. Lon. 2 51' W. Lat. 56 22' N. Eden, r. Eng. which falls into the Solway frith, about 7 m. below Carlisle. Eden, t. Syria, in the paehalic of Aleppo, on the Libanus, 15 m. N. E. Tripoli. Eden, t. Hancock co. Maine, 36 m. E. Castine. Pop. 764. Eden, t. Orleans co. Vt. 30 m. N. Montpelier. Pop. 201. Eden, t. Erie co. (N. Y.) S. of Buffalo. Pop. 1,065. Edenborough, p-v. Ripley co. Indiana. Edenderry, t. Ireland, in King's co. 29 m. W. Dublin. Edenkoben, t. Bavarian circle of the Rhine, 5 ra. S. of Neustadt. Edenton, port of entry, and cap. Chowan co. N. C. at the head of a bay, on the N. side of Albe- marle Sound, near the mouth of Chowan river, 77 m. S. S. W. Norfolk, 85 N. N. E. Newbern. Lat. 36 6' N. It contains a court-house, jail, bank, academy and 2 churches, 1 for Baptists and 1 for Episcopalians. Its situation is advantageous for trade. The amount of shipping in 1815 was 6,076 tons. Eder, (an. Adrana,~] r. Germany, which falls in^ to the Fukla 6 m. above Cassel. Edes.ia, or Vodina, t Eu. Turkey, in Romania, 44m. W. N. W. Saloniki, and 31 6 W. Constan- tinople. Loo. 22 2' E. Lut. 40 51' N. Pop. 12,000. Edfu, v. Upper Egypt, on the site of the ancient Apollinopolis Parva, famous for two temples which present splendid monuments of the ancient archi- tecture of Egypt. Lon. 32" 53' 44" E. Lat. 24 48' 53" N. Edgar ton, p-t. port of entry, and cap. Duke's co. Mass, on the E. side of the island of Martini's Vineyard, 14 m. from the main, 100 S. S. E. !J< ton. Lon. 70" 26' W. Lat. 41" 2.5' N. Pop. 1,374. It has a good harbor, secured by the island ofChab- baquiddic, which is included in the jurisdiction of Ivl:^tr1on. Shipping in 1815, 993 tons. Kr/L r ri>(t,v. Eng. ill Northamptonshire, 4 m. N. B anbury, nnhr. Bay, bay on the E. coast of New Holland. Lat. 20" S. ll'l^cumbe, Cape, the N. W. point of Norfolk M'uii'l. in King George Illd's archipelago. -urg. Egenburz, t. Lower Austria, 56 m. N. W. Vien- na. Lon. 15 35' E. Lat. 48 27' N. Ege.r, r. which rises in Suabia, and runs into the Wernitz, 6 m. N. Donauwert. Eger, large r. Franconia, which falls into the Elbe. Eger, t. Bohemia, on the Eger river. Pop. 8,000. 76 m. W. Prague. Lon. 12 19' E, Lat. 50 5' N. Egerness, cape, on the S. W. coast of Scotland. Lon. 4 22' W. Lat 54 54' N. Egg- See Eigg. Eggharbor, Great, inlet and river, N. J. The river forms the boundary between C'ape May and Gloucester counties, and runs into the inlet, in lat. 39 22' N. It is navigable 20 miles for vessels of 200 tons. ////or. (in'il, s-]). and port of entry, Glou- cester co. N. J. on the sea coast, at the mouth of Eggharbor river, 60 m. fr. Philadelphia. Pop. 1,635. Shipping in 1815,3,569 ton:s. Eggharbor, Little, inlet, N. J. Yu-f 17 m. N. Great Eggharbor inlet. It receives Mulicus creek which is navigable 20 miles for vessels of 60 tons. Eggharbor, Little, s-p. and port of entry, Bur- lington co. N. J. on the sea coast, 60 m. fr. Phila- delphia. Pop. 1,102. Shipping in 1815, !,! tons. The compact part of the town is called Clamlou-n. E G Y Egg Island, small isl. N. J. on the N. side oi Delaware bay, in Cumberland county. Egliam, v. Eng. in Surrey, 18 m. VV. London. Egholm, isl. Denmark, in the Lymfiord gulf. Lon. 951'E, Lat. 57 4' N. /.'if.V.vau, t. Switz. in Zurich, on the right bank of the Rhine, 10m. S. W. Schaffhausen. Kglise, River de F, r. Lower Canada, which fal Is into the St. Lawrence from the N. 44m. below the island of Orleans. l''xli>ihay, one of the Orkney islands. Lon. 2" 41' \\. Lat. 59 N. Egmont, the name of 3 villages in N. Holland, on the sea coast, a few miles W. of Alcmaer. Egmont Bay, on the S. W. coast of the island of St. John, in the gulf of St. Lawrence. Lon. 64 W. Lat. 46 30' N. Egmont Island, in the gulf of Mexico, on the W. coast of Florida. Lon. 82 55' W. Lat. 27 54' N. E'jmont Island, in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 138 30' W. Lat. 19 20' N. Egmont Island, New Guernsey, or Santa Cruz, one of the Queen Charlotte's islands, in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 165 59' E. Lat. 10 46' S. Egrcmont, t, Eng. in Cumberland, 5 m. S. S. E. Whitehaven. Egremont, p-t. Berkshire co. Mass. 15 m. S. S. W. Lenox. Pop. 865. Eguilles, t. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone, 6 m. N. W. Aix. Pop. 3,100. Egypt, country, Africa, bounded N. by the Mediterranean ; N. E. by Asiatic Turkey ; E. by the Red sea ; S. by Nubia ; and W. by the Lybian desert. It lies on both sides of the Nile, between lat. 22 and 32 N. Its length along the river is 700 miles. Its breadth is nominally 200 or 300 miles, but the only habitable part is the valley of the Nile, which is usually 15 or 20 miles wide, and bounded on each side by a chain of mountains running parallel with the river. The country beyond the mountains, both to the east and west, is a desert. Egypt is divided into Upper and Low- er. Lower Egypt is composed of the Delta of the Nile. Upper Egypt is the narrow belt of land extending from Cairo to Syene. The soil on the banks of the Nile is a black fat loam, and is ex- ceedingly productive. Lower Egypt is annually overflowed, and enriched by the deposit of mud and slime, and has been celebrated, in all ages, for its fertility. In Upper Egypt, the water is con- veyed to the lands by machinery. The prin- cipal productions are rice and wheat. The climate of this country is characterized by an al- most entire absence of rain. It is much hotter than that of other countries in the same latitude. In the spring, for about 50 days, it is liable to the terrible wind called the simoon, which threatens, when long continued, almost tho extinction of an- imal life. Among the diseases, are the plague, which is commonly supposed to be indigenous in Eccypt, and to spread its ravages from thence as from a centre ; and the ophthalmia, a severe com- plaint affecting the eyes. The population of Egypt is estimated at 2,500,000. It consists of Copts, Arabs, Turks, and, till very lately, Mamelukes. The Copts ap- pear to be the descendants of the ancient Egyp- lians mingled, in some degree, with the Per.- inns and Greeks, but kept entirely separate, by reli- gious antipathy, from the Arabian and Turkish invaders. They reside, almost exclusively, in E I M Upper Egypt, and their number has been estima- ted at 200,000. The Arabs are the most numer- ous part of the population. The Turks are estab- lished to a considerable extent in the great cities, and their numbers and power have of late consid- erably increased. The Mamelukes were origin- ally Georgian and Circassian slaves, who, under the Fatimite Khalifs, were brought into the coun- try, and became part of the military power of the state. They were thus enabled to rise against their masters, to massacre or expel them, and to assume the dominion of the country. During the invasion of Egypt, by the French, their strength was broken, and the Turks have recently driven them out of the country. The government is now administered by a Turkish pacha, sent from Con- stantinople, and 24 beys or governors of provinces. The objects which, above all others, attract the attention of the traveller in modern Egypt, are the stupendous monuments of ancient grandeur, with which it is covered. These are not so much distinguished for taste and skill, as for immense size. This enormous magnitude is particularly conspicuous ip the Pyramids. The largest of these structure* measures nearly 500 feet in perpendicu- lar height, and has a square base of 700 feet. The greater part consists of a solid mass of masonry. The most remarkable of the Pyramids are imme- diately south of Cairo, on the opposite side of the Nile. The trade of Egypt with Christian nations, is carried on by Alexandria ; that with the oth- er parts of the Turkish empire by Damietta. An extensive commerce is also maintained with the interior of Africa by means of caravans. Ehen, or Broad River, Eng. which runs into the Irish sea, below Egremont. Ehenheim, Upper, t. France, on the Ergel, 12 m. S. W. Strasburg. Pop. 4,400. Ehingen, t. Wirtemberg, on the left bank of the Danube, 10 m. S. W. Ulm. Lon. 8 56' 54'' E. Lat. 48 29' 36'' N. Pop. 3,400. Ehningen, t. Wirtemberg, 15 m. S. S. E. Stutt- gard. Pop. 4,200. Ehrenbreittein, or Hermannstcin, a ruined for- tress of the Prussian states, on the Rhine, oppo- site Coblentz. Ekrenfnedricluderf, or Irbirsdorf, t. Saxony, 3 m. W. Wolkenstein. Lon. 12 53' E. Lat. 50 Ehrathauten, t. Lower Styria, on the left bank of the Mur, 8 m. N. Marburg. Lon. 15 40' 45'' E. Lit. 46" 44' S2 7 N. Elirliback, v. Swiss canton of Zurich, remarka- ble for a beautiful cascade in the rivulet of Ehrli- bach, of 40 feet. Eibenelock, t. Saxony, in Erzgeberge, on the Mulda, 7 m. S. W. Sc'hwartzenberg. Lon. 12 35' E. Lat. 50 25' N. Kir/isladl, t. Bavarian states, on the Alt, 32 m. X. .V !:. Augsburg. Lon. 11 10' 36'' E. Lat. 48 53' 30" N. Pep. 6,000. i. Baden, 9 m. N. N. W. Freyburg. t . Nm-wny, 36 m. E. S. E. Bergen. i-l. of the Hebrides, 8 m. fr. the main. l-'.r-'iitun-inil? crc.ek, Ohio, runs into the Ohio, r:: m. below Gallipolu. Eilenburg, t. Prussian states, in the dutchy of Saxony, on an i=kmd formed by the Mulda, 12m. N. I-'.. Leipsic. KIIH'II,-!;. t. I[;mover, on the lime, 48 m. S. S. IV. Hi- m ;\ ;,-k. Lou. y 49' E. Lat. 51 44' N. ,.',00. E K A 239 Eimeo, one of the Society Islands, or rather Georgian islands, in the S. Pacific ocean, 10 miles long by 5 broad. There are several harbors, of which Taloo on the north coast is the best. The surface of the island is hilly and rocky, with val- lies interposed. 12 m. W. Otaheite. Lon. 150 W. Lat. 17 30' S. The inhabitants of this island have recently renounced idolatry, and embraced Christianity. See Society Islands. Einigenbruck, v. North Holland, 7 m. N. Alc- maer. Einsiedlen, v. Switz. in the canton of Schweitz, 10 m. N. E. Schweitz, 20 S. S. E. Zurich. Lon. 9 38' E. Lat. 47 4' N. Einura, t. India, in Canara. Lon 75 16' E. Lat. 13 5' N. Eiaenach, a province of Germany, in the grand dutchy of Saxe- Weimar. Pop. 70,000. Eisenach, the capital of the above province, is on the Nesse, near its union with the Horse, 26 m. W. S. W. Erfurt, 40 E. Weimar. Lon. 10 20' 15" E. Lat. 50 58' 55'' N. Pop. 8,000. EisenartSy t. Germany, in Inner Austria. It is at the foot of a hill, which contains one of the richest iron mines known. It produces 50,000 tons of ore yearly, and gives employment to 2,500 miners and smelters. 10 m. N. Leoben. Lon. 14 19' 45 /; E. Lat. 47 31' 2'' N. Eisenberg, t. Germany, in the dutchy of Saxe- Gotha. Pop. 3,300. 20 m. W. Altenburg, 30 S. W. Leipsic. Lon. 11 51' E. Lat. 50 55' N. Eisenburg, t. Lower Hungary, on the Ra,ab, 28 m. W. Vesprim. Lon. 16 48' 31'' E. Lat. 47 2' 25'' N. Eisenburg, County of, in the west part of Lower Hungary, on the borders of Austria. It is one of the most extensive, fertile, and populous counties in the kingdom. Pop. 300,000. Eisenstadt, t. Hungary, on the Leytha, 27 m. S. Vienna. Lon. 16 23' E. Lat. 47 33' 10" N. Pop. 2,400. Eiskoi, t. Russia on the east coast of the sea of Azoph. 50 m. S. W. Azoph. Lon. 56 E. Lat. 46 30' N. Eisleben, t. Prussian states, in the province of Saxony, the birth place of Martin Luther, 2 m. S. E. Mansfeld, 12 W. Halle. Lon. 11 31' E. Lat. 51 53' W. Eislingen, Great and Little, two villages, Wir- temberg, 3 m. E. Coppingen. Ekarrna, one of the smaller Kurile islands Lon. 154 29' E. Lat. 49 30' N. Ekaterinadara, t. Russia, in Caucasus, in Ku- ban Tartary, and the capital of the Tchernor- skie, or Cossacks of the Black sea. Ekalerineburg, or Catherinenburg, t. A. Russia, on the Isett, 148 m. S. E. Perm. The neighbour- ing mountains afford a variety of minerals. Here are extensive iron founderies and forges, which manufacture cannon and anchors ; also an immense copper coinage which produces 12,530 pieces daily. This town is the seat of the supreme college for the administration of the mines and foundries of Siberia, Casan, Perm, and Orenburg, and takes cognizance of 114 founderies within its district. Houses 2,000. Lon. 60 17' E. Lat. 56 50' N. Ekaterinograd, t. and fortress, A. Russia, in Caucasus. It is the strongest place on the Cauca- sian line of posts. 24 m. N. W. Mozdok. Lon. 43 42' E. Lat. 44 15' N. Ekaterinoslav, t. Eu. Russia, on the Dnieper. Its cloth manufactures are accounted the finest in 240 E L B Ru-ia. Pop. 1,800. 728 m. S. S. E. St. Peters- burg. Lon. 35" 1' 45" E. Lat. 4V -21 '20" N. bkutcrinoslav, government of Russia, extending from 33 40' to 39 20' E. Ion. and from 47" to 19 N. lat. between the governments of 1'oltawa, Char- kov, Voronetz, the Donski Cossacks, Tauridu, and Cherson, and containing about 35,000 sq. miles. The chief productions are corn, millet, melons, fruits, and hemp. Pop. 560,000. Ekentu, s-p. Eu. Russia, on the N. coast of the gulf of Finland. Pop. 1,260. 50m. S.E.Abo. Lon. 23 18' E. Lat. 59 58' N. Ektroe, one of the Aland isles, in the Baltic, W. of the principal island. Here is a telegraph sta- tion. Elaase. See Orontes. Elalia, a large mass of ruins in Tunis, supposed to be the Acolla or Acillia oi the ancients ; 90 m. S. S. E. Tunis. Elaman, t. A. Turkey, in Diarbekir, on the Euphrates, 15 m. S. W. R ca. Eland, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, on the river Cal- der, 2 m. fr. Halifax. Elatma, t. Eu. Russia, on the Oka, 132 m. N. Tambov. Lon. 41 42' E. Lat. 55 U 2' N. Pop. 2,100. Elba, isl. on the coast of Italy, opposite to the grand dutchy of Tuscany, 60 m. in circumference. Its general aspect is mountainous, and its climate salubrious. Here are cultivated vines, olives, fruits, corn, and maize. It has 2 harbors, Porto Ferrajo the capital, and Porto Longone. This island was the residence of Bonaparte from May 1814 to 26th February 1815. It now belongs to the grand duke of Tuscany. Lon. of Porto Fer- rajo, 10 U 19' 35" E. Lat. 42 49' 6'' N. Elba, t. Genessee co. N. Y. Pop. 1,333. Elbe, a large river of Germany, which rises amid the mountains on the borders of Silesia, and passing through Bohemia, enters Saxony, and -uccessively Dresden, Meissen, Torgau, and Wittenberg, and continuing a northward course, run? through the territory of Magdeburg, and the ilutchies of Mecklenburg, and Lauenburg, until it finally discharges itselt into the German ocean, about 70 miles below Hamburgh. It communi- cates with the Havel, Trave, and Weser, by ca- nals. The navigation of the Elbe up to Ham- burgh is difficult on account of its numerous sand banks, and the occasional violence ol the wind. Elbe, r. Germany, which runs into the Eder, 2 m. S. S. E. Fritslur. Elberfeld, t. Prussian state?, in the province of Cleves and Berg, district of Dusscldorf, in a pleas- ant valley on the Wupper. The inhabitants are .ii-tivcly employed in manufactures, particularly of linen, ribbons, lace, siamoise, and similar stuffs. Ki m. K. DiL-seMort, :o N. E.Cologne. Lon. 7" utsr \2 N. Elbert, co. in the Western district of Geo. be- tween Savannah and Broad rivers. Pop. 1 1,7!J}J ; slaves 5,159; engaged in agriculture 3.0.YI, in commerce 150, in manufactures 1J. Chief town, i'.H erton. Elberlon, p-t. and cap. Elbert co. Geo. on Sa- vannah river, 23 m. N. W. Petersburg, 73 from Milledgville. Pop. 122. Elbt rton, t. Eifingham co. Geo. on the Ogechee 19 m. W. Ebene-xer, 4li N. W. Savannah. Elf/ing, r. Prussia, which issues from the lake of Drousen, near the town of Elbing, and falls into Tlit Frir-ehe Haft It is joined tw the Xugat by of a curial. E L I Elbing,t. Prussia, on the Elbingnear its mouth. It supplies the adjacent countries with foreign merchandize ; and has manufactures of soap, to- bacco, starch, and oil. Pop. 16,800. 30 m. S. E. Dantzic. Lon. 19 21' 57" E. Lat. 54 7' 54" N. Klbingeroda, t. Prussian states, 6 m. S. E. Gos- lar. Lon. 10 47' E. Lat 51 47' N. Pop. 2,350. Elboeuf, t. France, on the Seine. Here is a cel- ebrated manufactory of woollen cloths. Pop. 6,000. 10 m. S. Rouen, 65 N. W. Paris. Lon. 0" 58' E. Lat. 49 20' N. Elbridge, p-v. in Camillus, Onondaga co. N. Y. Elburg, t. Netherlands, on the Zuyder Zee, 34 m. N. N. E. Utrecht. Lon. 5 54' E. Lat. 52 30' N. El-Carpio, v. Spain, on the Guadalquivir, 18 m. fr. Cordova. Elche, t. Spain, in Valencia. It has manufac- tures of soap and leather. Pop. 15,000. 8m. S. W. Alicant. Lon. 1 37 W. Lat. 38" 29' N. Elchingen, v. Bavarian states, on the Danube, 5 m. below Ulna. Elda, t. Spain, in Valencia, on the Elda, 20 m. W. N. W. Alicant. Pop. 4,000. Elde, r. Germany, falls into the Elbe, near Do- mitz. Eldridge, p-t. Huron co. Ohio. Pop. 376. Eleanor, Point, the N. extremity of Knight's island, in Prince William's sound. Lon. 213 4' E. Lat. 60 37' N. Eleanor's Cove, a harbor on the N. W. coast of America. Lon. 220 51' E. Lat. 59 44' N. Eledgia, v. Armenia, where there is a hot spring, 21 m. from Erzerum. Elephant Isle, a small island, 5 m. in circumfer- ence, between Bombay and the W. coast of India, celebrated for its wonderful cave, and mytholo- gical sculptures. Lon. 73 E. Lat. 18 57' N. Elephant ina, isl. in the Nile, opposite Syene, remarkable for the ruins with which it is cov- ered. Eletz, LEu. Russia, in Orel, 115 m. E. S. E. Orel. Eleven-point river, Missouri, runs into White river. Eleusis, the modern Lefchimo, t. Attica, 12 m. N. W . Athens. Eltutltera, or Alabaster Island, one of the larg- est of the Bahama islands. Lat. 24 39' N. Lou. 7622'W. Elfdal, v. Sweden, in Dalecarlia, 65 m. N. N. W. Fahlun. Lon. 13 58' E. Lat. 61 14' 30" N. Elsborg, province, Sweden, on Lake Wener. Sq. miles 5,434. Pop. 152,937. Elfxborg, JVeif, fort, Sweden, in West Gothland, on an island at the mouth of the Moldal, 4 m. VV. Gothenburg. Elga, r. Portugal, which runs into the Tagus, near Alcantara, separating Spain and Portugal, during its whole course of about 30 miles. /;. See.Vo/vry. Elgin, t Scotland, cap. of Elgin co. on the Los- sie, 5 m. above it> influx into the Gorman ocean. 1: i- a royal borough. 63$ m. N. W. Aberdeen, Ml N. Edinburgh. Lon. 3 4' W. Lat. 57 58' N. Pop. 4,602. Elhatn, or Eltham, t. Eng. in Kent, 10 m. S. Canterbury. Ettclipoor, district, Hind, in Berar, between 20 \. lat. Klichpoor, the capital, stands on a branch of the Burda river, and is fortified. Lon. 7 -J E. Lat. 21 12'.\. E L I Elisabeth, t. Allcghany co. Pa. on the E. side of the Monongahela, 18 m. S. S. E. Pittsburg. Pop. 2493. ' Elizabeth, r. Va. is formed by the union of 2 branches, at Norfolk, and flows into Hampton Roads 8 miles below. It is from 150 to 200 fath- oms wide, and at common floods has 18 feet water to Norfolk. Its entrance is defended by a fort ; see Cranny Island. The canal, connecting the wa- ters of Albemarle sound with Chesapeake bay, communicates with the S. branch of Elizabeth river, 9 m. above Norfolk. Elisabeth, t. Lawrence co. Ohio. Pop. 295. Another, Miami co. Pop. 768. Elisabeihgrad, t. and fort, Eu. Russia, in Cher- son, on the Ingul, 108m. W. Ekaterinoslav. Lou. 32 27' 45" E. Lat. 48 30' 17" N. Elizabeth's Bay, on the coast of Patagonia, in the straits of Magellan. Lon. 73 24' W. Lat. 53 43' S. Elisabeth Cape, the N. E. point at the entrance of Cook's inlet. Lat. 59 9' N. There is another cape of of this name, on the Main. Lat. 43 22' N. Elisabeth city, co. Va. between York and James rivers, having York and Warwick counties on the W. Pop. 3,789. Slaves 1,643. Engaged in agriculture 8 17, in commere 5, in manufactures 18. Chief town, Hampton. Elizabeth city, p-t. and cap. Pasquotank co. N. C. on Pasquotank river, 40 m.N. E. Edenton, 50 S. Norfolk, with which it has a water communi- cation by the canal. The public buildings are a oourt-housje and jail, and 4 churches, 2 for Bap- tists, 1 for Methodists, and 1 for quakers. Elisabdh islands, on the S. coast of Mass, be- tween Martha's Vineyard and the main land be- longing to Duke's county. Lon. 70 38' 70 56' W/Lat. 41 24' 41 32' N. They are about 16 in number, the principal of which are Nashawn, Pas- qui. Nashawenua, Pinequese, and Cuttyhunk. Elizabeth Island, isl. in the straits of Magellan. Lon. 7 1 45' W. Lat. 52 50' N. Elizabtihtown, t. Leeds co. Up. Canada, on the St. Lawrence, 35 m. N. E. Kingston. Eli zobdh town, p-t. and cap. Essex co. N. Y. on lake Champlain, 130 m. N. Albany. Pop. 889. It contains a court-house and jail, and a State ar- senal. North-west bay, on lake Champlain, is in this town, and there is a ferry te Panton in Ver- mont. Elizabelhtown, p-t. and bor. Essex co. N. J. 6m. S. Ni-wark, 15 W. S. W. New- York. Lon. 74 12' W. Lat. 40 38' N. Pop. 3,515. It is pleas- antly situated on Elizabethtown creek, which empties into Staten island sound, and contains an academy, bank, and 3 houses for public worship, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Episcopalians, and 1 for Methodists. The Presbyterian and Episcopalian churches are handsome brick buildings. Vessels of 20 or 30 tons come up to the town, and those of 200 or 300 tons come as far as Elizabethtown Point, at the mouth of the creek, 2 miles distant. A steam-boat plies between the city of New York ami Klizabethtown Point. Wizubdhtoicn, p-t. Lancaster co. Pa. 18 m. N. ucaster, 80 W. by N. Philadelphia. Pop. 1 ,928. ''"thtnvn. See Ua^arstovm. Elizabethtown, p-t. and cap. Bladen co. N. C. on the N. W. branch of Cape-Fear river, 40 m. above Wilmington, 55 below Fnyetteville. 'xlhtown, p-t. and cap. Carter co. Ten. 25 miles E. Blountsville. 31 L L 241 Elisabethtou'n,p-t. and cap. Harden co. Ken. 45 m. S. by W. Blountsville. Pop. in 1810, 181. Elisabethlown, p-t. Harrison co. Indiana. Elizamlle, p-v. Fleming co. Ken. Elk, r. Missouri Territory, which runs into the Mississippi 4 m. above the Little falls. It is 40 yards wide at its mouth and there is a short port- age from its waters to the St. Anthony. Elk, r. of the eastern shore of Maryland, is formed by the union of Big and Little Elk creeks, at Elkton, and flows into the Chesapeake 13 miles below. Elk, r. rises on the W. side of the Cumberland mountains, in Tennessee, and flowing S. W. into Alabama, joins Tennessee river, a little above the Muscle Shoals, 40 m. W. N. W. Creeks cross- ing-place. Elk, t. Athens co. Ohio. Pop. 537. Elk creek, Pa. unites with Penn's creek, and falls into the Susquehannah, 5 m. below Sunbury. Elk creek, t. Erie co. Pa. Pop. 238. Elk creek, Ohio, runs into the Miami, in Madi- son, Butler co. Elkhorn, r. Ken. runs into Kentucky river, 8 m. below Frankfort, and is 50 yards wide at its mouth. Elkhorn, p-t. Montgomery co. Missouri. Elk lake, between lake of the Woods and lake Superior. Lon. 93 W. Lat. 48 41' N. Elkland, t. Lycoming co. Pa. Pop. 343. Elkland, p-t. Tiogaco. Pa. Pop. 509. Elklick, t. Somerset co. Pa. Pop. 1,687. Elktnarsh, p-v. Fauquier co. Va. Elkridge landing, t, Anne-Arundel co. Md. on the S. bank of the Patapsco, at the falls, 8 m. S. W. Baltimore ; noted for its tobacco called kite's foot. Elkrun, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. Pop. 1,356. Elkrun church, p-v. Fauquier co. Va. Elkton, p-t. and cap. Cecil co. Md. at the forks of Elk river, 13 m. above its mouth at Turkey point, 12 m. S. W. Christiana-bridge, 10 N. Charlestown, 46 S. W. Philadelphia, 56 \. E. Bal- timore. The tide flows up to the town, and there was formerly a brisk trade between Philadelphia and Baltimore, through this place. The village is well-built, and the public buildings are a court- house and jail, a bank, and a Methodist church. Elkton, p-t. Giles co. Ten. Elklon, p-t. Christian co. Ken. Ellen, r. Eng. which runs into the Irish sea at Maryport, in Cumberland. Ellemborough, v. Eng. in Cumberland, 6 m. N. Cockermouth. Ellerbach, r. Germany, which runs into the Mo- selle, 10 m. above Beilstein. Ellery, t. Chatauqueco. N. Y. Ellesmtre, t. Eng. in Salop, 16 m. N. Shrews- bury. Ellfeld, t. Dutchy ofNassau, on the Rhine, 14 m. N. W. Mentz. Ellicott, t. Chatauque co. (N. Y.) S. E. of Cha- tauque. Pop. 1,462. EUicotts, or Eleven-mile creek, N. Y. runs info the Tonnewanta,atits entrance into Niagara river. EUicotts cross-roads, p-v. Cumberland co. Ken. EUicotts mills, p-v. Baltimore co. Md. Ellicoltsrille. See Sehertown. Ellicoltvillc, t. Cattaraugus co. N. Y. Ellingen, t. Franconia, 4 m. N. Weissenburo- Lon. 10 55' E. Lat. 48 59' N. Ellington, t. Tolland co. Ct. 13 m. N. E. Hai t- ford. Pop. 1,196. Elliot, t. York eo. Maine. Pop. 1 ,Q7f>. 242 ELM ELY Elliot, a missionary station of the American Board of Foreign Missions, among the Choctaw Indians, within the chartered limits of the State of Mississippi, 3 m. S. of Yalo Busha creek, about 30 above its junction with the Yazoo, 400 W. S. W. Brainerd, ] 45 fr. the Walnut Hills on the Mis- sissippi. Lon. 89 50' W. Lat. 33 30' N. By means of the Yalo Busha, Yazoo, and Mississippi, Elliot has a water communication with New-Or- leans. This establishment was commenced in 1818, and receives $1000 annually from the Uni- ted States treasury. In 1822, according to the re- turn of the Superintendant to the Secretary of War, the whole number of the family permanent- ly settled here was 21 ; the schools, which are con- ducted on the Lancasterian plan, contained 80 scholars, children of the Choctaws, of whom 60 were boys and 20 girls. The property of the mis- sion consisting of 70 acres of imp roved land, well stocked and having convenient buildings, amoun- ted to $15,490. Elliot's Island, small isl. in the gulf of Florida, near the coast. Lon. 8 25' W. Lat. 25 32' N. Ellis, T. Oxford co. Maine^runs into the An- droscoggin, in Rumford. Ellis, r. Coos co. N. H. runs into the Saco, in Bartlett. Ellisburg, p-t. Jefferson co. N. Y. on lake Ontario. Pop. 3,531. It is well situated for trade. Ellis' 1 s Island, a small isl. in the Florida stream, at the entrance of the gulf of Mexico. Lon. 81 10' W. Lat. 24 50' N. Ellis Point, cape, on the N. W. coast of Amer- ica. Lat. 56 31' N. Ellisville, p-v. Warren co. N. C. Ellon, v. Scotland, in Aberdeenshire, 17 m. W. Aberdeen. Ellore, one of the north circars, on the W. side of the bay of Bengal, between 16 and 17 N. lat. Ellore, the capital, is on the N. side of the Colair lake, through which it has been proposed to carry a canal from the river Godavery to the Kistnah. Lon. 81 10' E. Lat. 16 45' N. Ellisville, or Lower Blue Licit, p-v. Nicholas co. Ken. Ellsworth, p-t. Hancock co. Maine, 24 m. N. E. Castine. Pop. 892. Ellsworth, t. Grafton co. N. H. 11 m. N. N. W. Plymouth. Pop. 213. Ellsworth, p-v. and S. parish, in Sharon, Litch- field co. Ct. 12 m. W. Litchfield. Ellsworth, t.Trumbull co. Ohio, on the W. side of Canfield, 14 m. S. Warren. Pop. 508. Ellwangen, t. Wirtemberg, on the Jaxt, 32 m. N. Ulm. Lon. 10 12* E. Lat. 48 57' N. Elma, t. Russia, at the conflux of the Elma and Petchora, 312 m. E. Archangel. Elmeley, or Elmley, isl. Eng. at the mouth of the Thames, separated by a narrow stream from the island of Sheppey. Elmeshorn, t. Denmark, in Holstein, 18 m. N. W. Hamburg. Elmham, North, v. Eng. in Norfolk, 5 m. E. Dereham. Eimina, or St. George del Mina, the capital of the Dutch settlements in W. Africa, and the most respectable fortress on the Gold coast. It is on a peninsula, formed by a small river which runs nearly parallel with the sea. The river, though small, will admit vessels of a hundred tons bur- den at high water, and they may load and un- load under the walls of the castle. Pop. 15,000- Lon. 2^ 30' W. Lat. 5 W N. Elmira, or Newtown, p-t. Tioga co. N. Y. on Tioga river, at the mouth of Elmira creek, 20 m. W. Spencer, 16 E. Painted-post. Pop. 2,955. A canal is contemplated to connect Seneca lake with Tioga river, at this place. Elmore, t. Hind, in Cicacole. Lon. 84 10' E. Lat. 18 24' N. Elmnre, t. Orleans co. Vt. 16 m. N. Montpe- lier. Pop. 157. Elmser Point, cape on the N. coast of the isle of Wight. Lon. 1 14' E. Lat. 50 43' N. Elmsley, t. Leeds co. Up. Canada. Elnbogen, t. Bohemia, on the Eger, 30 m. N. E. Eger, 75 N. N. W. Prague. Lon. 12 45' E. Lat. 50 10' N. Elne, t. France, in Eastern Pyrenees, 6 m. S. S. E. Perpignan. Lon. 2 58' 23" E. Lat, 42 35' 34" N. Elora, t. Hind, in Aurungabad, remarkable for its mineral spring, and its temples cut out of the solid rock. Lon. 76 E. Lat. 19 56' N. Elphin, v. Ireland, in Roscommon, 75 m. from Dublin. Elrich, t. Prussian States, in Westphalia, 6 m. N. W. Nordhausen. Lon. 10 40' E. Lat. 51* 37' N. Elsenborough, t. Salem co. N. J. Pop. 505. Elsfleth, t. Grand dutch y of Oldenburg, at the conflux of the Hunter with the Weser, 17 m. E. N. E. Oldenburg. Lon. 8 26' 19" E. Lat. 43 11' 21'' N. Elsinore, or Elsineur, s-p. Denmark, in Zeal- and, on the W. side of the sound, nearly oppo- site Helsingborg in Sweden, at the part where the sound is less than 4 miles across. Elsinore haa no harbor, but an excellent roadstead, generally crowded with vessels anchoring here, either to pay toll or to take in stores. The product of the toll varies from 120,000 to 150,000 sterling. 20 m. N. Copenhagen. Lon. 12 37' 48" E. Lat. 56 2' 15"N. Elsnappen, s-p. Sweden, in Westmannland, oil the Baltic, 32m. E. N. E. Nykioping. Elster, two rivers of Germany, one of which passes by Leipsic, and falls into the Saale. The other falls into the Elbe, 6 m. above Wittenberg. Elslerberg, t. Saxony, in the Vogtland, on the White Elster, 15 m. S. W. Zwickau. Lon. 10 9 E. Lat. 50 31' N. Elsterwerda, t. Germany, on the Elster, at the influx of the Pulsnitz, 26 m. N. N. W. Dresden. Lon. 13 28' E. Lat. 51 25' N. Elstree, or Idlestree, v. Eng. in Hertford and Middlesex, 1 1 m. fr. London. Eltham, t. Eng. in Kent, 8 m. S. S. E. London. Eltman, t. Franconia, on the Maine, 8 m. W. N. W. Bamberg. Lon. 10 43' E. Lat 49 58' N. Elton, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 1 m. fr. Bury. Elton, an extensive salt lake of Russia, in Sar- atov. It yields about 100,000 tons annually. Eltvil. See EUfdd. Elvas, or Yelves, a strong frontier t. Portugal, in Alentejo, near the Guadiana, 3 leagues W. oi the Spanish fortress of Badajoz, 50 m. N. E. Evo- ra, 1 1 2 E. Lisbon. Lon. 6 52' W. Lat. 38 44' N. Pop. 16,000. Elren, t. France, in Morbihan, 11 m. N. E. Vannes. Pop. 3,900. Elvira, t. Illinois, on the waters of Cash river. Ely, city, Eng.. in Cambridge co. on the Ouse, EMS in a marshy district, called the Isle of Ely. It . has a fine and venerable cathedral, which extends in length 517 feet, having a tower at the W. end 270 feet in height. The bishop of Ely has a civ- il jurisdiction over the isle, combined with his ecclesiastical powers, whereby he appoints a judge to determine all causes, holds assizes, and exercises other magisterial functions. Ely is the only city in England not represented in parlia- ment. Pop. 4,249. 14 m. N. Cambridge, 66 N. London. Ely, t. Scotland, in Fife co. on the N. shore of the frith of Forth. Pop. 886. 6 m. E. Largo. Ely, t. Richelieu and Buckingham counties, Lower Canada, E. of Montreal. Elyria, p-t. Huron co. Ohio. Pop. 174. Elysian-fields, p-v. Amite co. Mississippi. Else, t. Hanover, 9 m. S.W. Hildesheim. Lon. 957'E. Lat. 52 6' N. Embabe, v. Egypt, opposite to Boulac the port of Cairo. Near Embabe, was fought in 1798 the battle between Bonaparte and the Mamelukes, called the battle of the Pyramids. Embarrass, r. Illinois, which runs into the Wa- bash, a little below Vincennes. Embden, s-p. Hanover, on the Ems, at its influx into the North sea, at the bay of Dollart. It has a spacious and secure harbor. Lon. 7 11' 1" E. Lat. 53 22' 3" N. Embden, t. Somerset co. Maine, on Kennebec river, 16 m. N. Norridgewock. Pop. 664. Embies, small isl. France, 8 m. S.W. Toulon. Lon. 5 47' E. Lat. 43 4' 35" N. Emboli, t. Eu. Turkey, in Macedon, at the mouth of the Strymon, 6 m. W. Contessa, 45 E. Saloniki. Embrun, t. France, in Upper Alps, 55 m. S. W. Grenoble. Lon. 6 25' 9" E. Lat. 44 34' 7" N. Embs, t. subject to Austria, on the Upper Rhine, 10 m. S. Bregentz. Embs, r. Holland, which runs into the Zuyder Zee. Emdon Klial, v. Algiers, on the borders of the Sahara, 58 m. S. Seteef. Emersonville, p-t. Gibson co. Indiana. Emery's river, small r. Roane co. Ten. runs in- to Clinch river, 7 m. above Kingston. Emfras, t. Abyssinia. Lon. 37 38' 30" E. Lat. 12 12' 38" N. Emley. See Elmeley. Emmanuel, co. Geo. on Ogechee river, which separates it from Burke co. Pop. 2,928 ; slaves 367; engaged in agriculture 1,011, in manufac- tures 17. Emmaus, p-t. Northampton co. Pa. Emmendingen, t. Baden, 19 m. S. S. E. Stras- burg. Lon. 8 42' E. Lat. 48 75' N. Emmerich, t. Prussian states, on the right bank of the Rhine, 5 m. N. E. Cleves. Lon. 6 14' 61" E. Lat. 51 49' 52" N. Emmittsburg, p-v. Frederick co. Md. between Flat run and Tom's creek, the western sources of Monocasy river, 1 m. S. Pennsylvania line, 24 N. E. Kredericktown, 50 N. W. Baltimore. Lat. 39 10' 30" N. Emouy, Amoy, or Hiamen, isl. China, near the S.E. coast. Lon. 11 8 22' E. Lat. 24 30' N. Emprii, t. Tuscany, on the Arno, 18 m. S. W. Florence. ErnHMto, t. Spain, in Catalonia, on the Ebro, 14 m. S. Tortosa. Ems, r. Germany, which runs into the bay of Pollart, in the North sea, a little below Embden. E N G 243 Enara, an extensive lake of Swedish Lapland, 40 miles long and 16 broad. It communicates with the North sea. Lon. 27 44' E. Lat. 69 15' N. Enckftuysen, s-p. Holland, on the W. side of the Zuyder Zee. The chief employment of the inhabitants is ship-building, the herring fishery, and the manufacture of salt. 8 m. N. E. Hoorn, 25 N. N. E. Amsterdam. Lon. 5 17' 41" E. Lat. 52 42' 22" N. Endeavour River, on the N. coast of New Hol- land. Lat. 19 26' S. Endeavour Straits, channel, which separates the island of New Guinea from the N. W. coast of New Holland, about 30 miles long by 15 wide. Endelave, small isl. Denmark, a little to the E. of Jutland. Lon. 10 16' E. Lat. 55 45' N. Endian, t. Persia, in Kuzistan, which trades with Bassora and Bebahan. Pop. 4,000 or 5,000. Lat. 30 18' N. Endingen, t. Baden, 7 m. N.W. Friburg. Endless Mountains, a name sometimes given to the Alleghany Mountains. EndrachCs Land, or Concord, an extensive low and sterile tract of the W. coast of New Holland, in which is Dampier or Shark's bay. Endrick, r. Scotland, which falls into Lochlo- mond. Endrie, t. A. Russia, on the river Akatsch, 20 m. fr. the Caspian sea. It is the joint property of several Tartar princes, who acknowledge the au- thority of the Russians. Enesei, or Yenesei, r. Siberia, which rises in the borders of Chinese Tartary, and taking a N. course, runs into the Frozen ocean, in Ion. 82 14' E. lat. 72 20' N. after a course of more than 2,000 miles. Eneseisk, or Yeneseisk, t. Siberia, in Tobolsk, on the Enesei. Lon. 91 50' E. Lat. 58 16' N. Enfield, t. Eng. in Middlesex, 9 m. N. London. Enfield, p-t. Grafton co. N. H. 10 m. S. E. Dart- mouth College, 42 N.W. Concord. Pop. 1,370. It contains a village of about 40 houses, which is on Mascony pond ; and a village of Shakers. Enjield, t. Hampshire co. Mass, on the E. side of Belchertown. Pop. 873. Enfield, p-t. Hartford co. Ct. on the E. side of Connecticut river, opposite Suffield, with which it is connected by a bridge, 16 m. N. Hartford. Pop. 2,065. Here is a settlement of Shakers. Enjield, t. Tompkins co. N. Y. Enfield, p-t. Halifax co. N. C. Engadine, a beautiful valley o Switzerland, in the Grison country, along both sides of the Inn. Engano, isl. in the E. Indian sea, off the S, W. coast of Sumatra. Lon. 102 20 E. Lat. 10 20 ' S. Engelholm, s-p. Sweden, in a bay, on the E. side of the Cattegat, 45 m. N. W. Christianstadt. Lon. 12 52' 45" E. Lat 56 14' 20" N. Engelsberg, t. Austrian Silesia, 22 m. W. N. W. Troppau. Lon. 7 15' E. Lat, 49 54' N. Engen, t. Baden, 22 m. W. Constance. Lon. 8 46' E. Lat. 47 53' N. Ens;er, t. Westphalia, 20 m. S. W. Minden. Lon. 8 23' E. Lat. 52 8' N. Enghien, t. Netherlands, in Hainault, 15 m. S. W. Brussels. Lon. 3 E. Lat. 50 40' N. Pop. 3,050. Engia, (an. JEgina?) isl. of Greece, situated in the gulf of Engia, between the coasts of Livadia and the Morea. It is about 30 miles in circum- ference. 25 m. S. S. W. Athens. Lon. 23 35' E, Lat. 37 45' N. Engia, Gulf of, or Gulf of Athens, an arm of the 244 E N Archipelago, on the E. coast of Greece. It is about 25 miles wide at the mouth, and 60 long from N. to S. England, the southern and most considerable division of Great Britain, bounded N. by Scot- laud ; S. by the English channel, which divides it from France ; E. by the German ocean ; and W. l\v Wales, the Atlantic ocean, and the Irish chan- nel. It is of a triangular fi?ure, and extends from 50 to 55 40' N. lat. and from 1" 50' E. to 6 W. Ion. It is 400 miles long from N. to S. and in some places 300 broad. The superficial extent is about 50,000 sq. miles, or 32,000,000 acres. Of these it is calculated that about 10,500,000 acres are in cultivation for tillage, and about 14,200,000 in pasturage ; 3,000,000 more are capable of be- ing brought into cultivation. The population of England and Wales Avas about 5 millions in 1700; in 1750, 6 millions ; in 1770, 74 millions ; in 1790, 8,675,000; in 1801, 9,168,000; in 1811, 10,488,000; and in 1821, of England 11,261,437, of Wales 717,438, total 11,978,875. The country is divided into 40 counties, which will be found in the following table, with the pop- ulation and extent of each, in 1811. COUNTIES. Population in 1811. Area in square miles. Bedford, 72,600 430 Berks, .... 122,300 744 Bucks, - 121,600 748 Cambridge, - 104,500 686 Chester, - 234,600 1,017 Cornwall, - 233,960 1,407 Cumberland, - 138,300 1,497 Derby, - - - 191,700 1,077 Devon, .... 396,100 2,488 Dorset, - 128,900 1,129 Durham, - 183,600 1,040 Essex, --. - 260,900 1,525 Gloucester, - 295,100 1,122 Hereford, - 97,300 971 Hertford, ... - 115,400 602 Huntingdon, - 43,700 345 Keut, 385,600 1,462 Lancashire, - 856,000 1,806 Leicester, - 155,000 816 Lincoln, - 245,900 2,787 Middlesex, 985,100 297 Monmouth, - 64,200 516 Norfolk, .... 301,800 2,013 Northampton, : rland, 146,100 177,900 965 1,809 Nottingham, - 168,400 774 Oxford .... 125,200 742 Rutland, 17,000 200 200.800 1,403 Somerset, - 313,300 1,549 Southampton, - Stafford, 253,300 304,000 1,533 1,196 Suffolk, - 242,900 1,566 Surrey, - 334,700 811 Sussex, .... 196,500 1,461 Warwick, ... 236,400 984 Westmoreland, - 47,500 722 Wilts, .... 200,300 1,283 Worcester, 165,900 674 York, East, - 173,000 1,268 North, - 157,600 2,112 West, - 675,100 2,633 England, - _ - - 9,855,400 50,210 Wales, - - - - 632,600 8,125 10,488,000 58^335 E N G Of the population, 1,789,531 persons were em- ployed in trade, manufactures, and handicraft, and 1,524,227 in agriculture. The soil of Eng- land is various, but a greater proportion good, and under excellent cultivation. The principal pro- ductions are wheat, barley, oats, rye, French wheat, beans and peas. The climate is liable to sudden and frequent changes, and to great varia- tions of dryness and moisture. The general range of the thermometer is from 86 degrees in summer to 16 and 10 in winter. The prevailing winds are the west and south-west. The manufactures of England are of prodigious extent. The manufacture of wool is one of the most ancient. At the end of the 15th century the total value of woollen, manufactured was esti- mated at 8,000,000 ; in 1783, at 16,800,000 ; in 1800, at 19,800,000 ; and it does not appear to have increased much since. The value of the woollen manufactures exported, v/as in 1790, 5,190,637; in 1800, 6,918,175; in 1812, 5,084, 991 . The cotton manufacture is of recent establishment. In 1705, the cotton imported, amounted to 1,170,881 pounds. But the invention of Sir Richard Arkwright's celebrated machinery gave a rapid extension to the cotton manufacture. In 1781, about five million pounds of cotton were imported; in 1787,22,176,887; in 1812, (in- cluding Scotland,) 91,662,344 ; and in 1818, 124,996,427. The official value of the cotton manufactures, and cotton yarn, exported, in 1805, amounted to 9,857,348 ; and in 1815, to 17,869,102. The hardware manufactures of iron and steel, copper and brass, are next in im- portance. The annual value of the iron and steel articles manufactured may be estimated at 10,000,000 annually. The silk and linen man- ufactures are carried on in England, but not to any great extent. English earthenware is finish- ed with beauty and taste, and in great variety, principally at the potteries of Staffordshire ; and glass is manufactured in various parts, chiefly in Newcastle, Sunderland and Bristol. China ware of a very superior quality is made in Derby and Worcester. In London, every sort of fine and el- egant manufacture is carried on, such as cutlery, jewelry, articles of gold and silver, japan ware, cut glass, cabinet and upholstry work, and gentle- men's carriages, clocks, watches, &c. The commerce of England consists almost whol- ly in exchange of her manufactures for the raw produce of other parts of the world. The fol- lowing is an official account of the value of the whole exports and imports of England from the year 1719 : Years. Imports. Exports. 1719 5,367,499 6,834,716 1729 7,540,620 8,239,924 1739 7,829,373 8,843,624 1749 7,917,804 12,678,758 1759 8,922,976 13,947,788 1769 11,908,560 13,438,236 1779 10,762,240 12,352,052 1789 16,408,040 17,989,395 1799 24,483,841 31,723,727 1809 27,142,541 45,918,663 1814 24,362,124 . 37,647,874 There are employed in carrying on this extensive trade about 17,000 vessels, of the burden of about 2,100,000 tons, and navigated by 130,000 men and boys. The King is considered the supreme head of the E N N church of England. The Episcopal establishment consists of the two archbishops of Canterbury and York, and of 24 bishops, who have the privilege of a seat in the house of peers. There is also the bishop of Sodor and Man, who is not possessed of this privilege. The archbishop of Canterbury is the primate of all England, and takes precedence of all persons, with the exception of the royal family. The bishops of London, Durham and Winchester take precedence of all the other bish- ops, and the others rank according to the seniority of their consecrations. The next order is that of the archdeacons, of whom there are about 60 ; af- ter these are the deacons, vicars, rectors and cu- rates, on whom devolve the substantial duties of the priesthood. The revenue appropriated to the support of the church of England may be estima- ted at about 3,000,000, which is principally de- rived from tithes. The constitution of England is a limited mon- archy. The executive powers are vested in the king, who acts through the medium of responsi- ble advisers. The legislative power resides in the king, lords, and commons. Tne commons are elected by the people as their representatives, to watch over their interests, and to act as a control on the executive. Justice, both civil and crimin- al, is administered by judges appointed by the crown, but who hold their office independent of it. For further particulars respecting England, see Britain. Englefidd, v. Eng. in Berks, 5 m. W. Reading. English Cove, bay on the S. W. coast of New Ireland, 7 m. N. N. W. Cape St. George. English Harbor, a fine harbor in the island of Antigua, on the S. shore. Lon. 61 27' 30" W. Lat. 17 8' 25" N. English Island, or Long Island, small isl. near the coast of Natolia, at the entrance of the gulf of Smyrna. Lon. 26 24' E. Lat. 38 38' N. English neighborhood, v. Bergen co. N. J. on a N. E. branch of the Hackinsac, W. of Fort Lee. English Point, cape, in the river St. Lawrence Lon. 61 45' W. Lat. 49 40' N. There is anoth- er cape of this name, on the S. coast of Newfound- land. Lon. 53 29' W. Lat. 46 49' N. English river. See Churchill. English town, p-v. Monmouth co. N. J. 18 m. E. Princeton, 21 W. Shrewsbury. English town, p-t. Athens co. Ohio. English turn, (Detour des AngloisJ) a bend of Mississippi river, 18 m. below New Orleans, 87 above the Balize. It is defended by forts. Enguais, r. of the Sahara, in Africa, which falls into the Atlantic. Lat. 26 40 7 N. Enkioping, t. Sweden, 21 m. S. W. Upsal. Ennezal, t. France, in Puy de Dome, 6 m. E. N. E. Riom. Ennis, or Clare, t. Ireland, cap. of Clare co. on the Fergus, 17 m. N. W. Limerick, 112 S. W. Dublin. Enniscorlhy, t. Ireland, in Wexford, 10 m. E. Wexford, 59 S. W. Dublin. Enniskillen, t. Ireland, cap. of Fermanagh co. on an island in Lough Erne, 10 m. N. Wexford. Pop. 3,208. Enns, t. Austria, 42 m. E. S. E. Passau, 80 W. Vienna. Lon. 14 29' E. Lat. 48 20' N. Enns, r. Austria, which rises in the dutchy of Paltzburg, flows through Styria and Lower Aus- tria, and falls into the Danube at the town of Enus. It i naviffnble in the lower part of its E P H 24.5 course, but in Styria it has several considerable cataracts. Eno, r. N. C. which unites with Little river and Flat river, to form the Neuse, 17 m. below Hillsborough in Orange co. Enon, S. Africa, in the Colony of Cape of Good Hope, a station of the United Brethren on Witte river, N. of Algoa bay. Enorve, r. S. C. a N. W. branch of Broad river. Its mouth is 5 miles below the mouth of Tyger river. Enos, maritime t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, 28 m.,N. W. Gallipoli, 63 S. Adrianople. Lon. 26 1' E. Lat. 40 40' N. Pop. 7,750. It is the entrepot of all the merchandize interchanged between Adrianople and Smyrna. Enosburg, p-t. Franklin co. Vt. on Missisque river, 35 m. N. E. Burlington. Pop. 932. Enowtawkaia, v. A. Russia, in Astrakhan, 20 m, S. E. Tchernoyar. Ensene. See Made. Entrnigues, t. France, in Aveyron, at the con- fluence of the Truyere and Lot, 18 m. N. Rhodes. Entraines, t. France, in Mayenne, 6 m. from La- val. Entre Duero e Minho, the most northern prov- ince of Portugal. Its capital is Braga, but its lar- gest town is Oporto. Pop. 900,000. It produces maize, oil, fruit and the well known port wine, Entrevaux, t. France, on the Var, 16 m. E. N. E. Castellane. Lon. 6 48' 47" E. Lat. 43 56' 39" N. Ens, small r. in Baden and Wirtemberg, which flows into the Neckar. Enselli, t. Persia, in Ghilan, on the S. W. coast of the Caspian sea, 6 m. N. Reshd. Enzersdorf, small fortified t. Lower Austria, near which was the great battle of Aspern, 9 m. E. Vienna, 24 W. Presburg. Eo, or Miranda, r. Spain, which separates the province of Asturias from Galicia, and runs into the Atlantic. N. of Rivandeo. Eooa, or Middleburg, isl. in the Pacific ocean, the most eastern of the Friendly islands. Lon. 174 & 30' E. Lat. 21 24' S. Epe, v. Netherlands, in Guelderland, 10 m. N. by W. Deventer. Eperies, t. Hungary, in Scharosch, on the Tar- za, 15 m. N. Caschau. Lon. 21 15' E. Lat. 48 58' N. Pop. 7,400. Epernay, t. France, on the Marne, 14 m. S. Rheims. Lon. 3 U 58' E. Lat. 49 3' N. Epernon, t. France, in Eure-and-Loir, 13 m. N. E. Chartres. Epfiesus, anciently one of the most splendid cities of Asia Minor, and considered the metropolis of all Asia ; 39 m. S. Smyrna, near the mouth of the river Cayster. Lon. 27 37' E. Lat. 37 50' N. The most eminent masters both in sculpture and painting, were natives of this city, and contributed to adorn its temples with their choicest works. But the great ornament of Epesus was the celebra- ted temple of Diana, which was built at the joint expence of all the states of Asia ; and for its struc- ture, size, and the splendour of its decoration?, was accounted one of the wonders of the world. The temple was 425 feet in length, and 200 in breadth, supported by 127 pillars of Parian mar- ble, and of the Ionic order, each 60 feet in height. These pillars were the works of so many king?, and 36 of them were curiously carved by Scopas. one of the most famous sculptors of antiquity. 246 E R I Each pillar, with its base, was calculated to con- tain 150 tons of marble. It was extremely rich in its internal decorations, and contained various statues and pictures, some of which were the most perfect productions of antiquity. This celebrated edifice was destroyed during the invasion of the Goths, A. D. 260. Ephesus is now a miserable village of mud cottages, with about a dozen small square buildings of brick, and inhabited by 40 or 50 families of Turkish herdsmen, who live in ex- treme wretchedness, without one Christian among them ; so completely has the glory of the ancient city passed away. Ephrata, or Dunkard's toicn, p-t. Lancaster co. Pa. on Cocalico creek, a branch of the Conestago, 12 m. N. Lancaster, 60 W. Philadelphia. It is set- tled by a religious sect from Germany, called Dunkers. Epidaurufj v. of the Morea, in Argolis, with a good port Epilla, t. Spain, in Arragon, 17 m. W. Sara- Epinac, t. France, in Saone-and-Loire, llm. E. N. E. Autun. Epinut, t France, capital of Vosges, on the Mo- selle, 10 m. N. W. Remiremont. Lon. 6 34' E. Lat 48 12' N. Pop. 7,500. Epingert, t. Baden, 18 m. S. S. E. Heidelberg. Epirus, an extensive country in the N. W. part of Greece, stretching along the eastern side of the Adriatic, from the Acroceraunian mountains to the river Arta. It now constitutes the southern part of Albania. Episcopi. See Piscopia. Epping, t. Eng. in Essex, 17 m. N. N. E. Lon- don. Epping, p-t. Rockingham co. N. H. 20 m. W. Portsmouth. Pop. 1,158. Epsom, t. Eng. in Surrey, 15 m S. London. Epsom, p-t. Rockingham co. N. H. 10 m. E. Concord, 45 N. W. Portsmouth. Pop. 1,136. Epworth, t. Eng. in Lincoln, situated on the isle of Axholm, 11 m. N. Gainsborough. Erabliere, r. Indiana, runs into the Wabash on the N. side, between Fort Harrison and Tippeca- noe creek. Eraklea, (an. Heraclea,} 't. Eu. Turkey, in Ro- mania, on the sea of Marmora, 18 m. S. Rodosto, 46 W. Constantinople. Pop. 7,000. Erbach, county of Franconia, in the tract called the Odenwald. Pop. about 24,200. Erbach, the capital, is 20 m. N. E. Manheim. Erbil, (an. Arbela,} t. Persia, in the pachalic of Bagdad, near which Alexander the Great defeat- ed Darius. 60 m. E. Mosul. Lon. 43 20' E. Lat. 36" 1 1' N. Erfurt, t. Saxony, now belonging to Prussia, on the Gera. The population, 18,000, is partly Lu- theran, and partly Catholic. A university was founded here in 1392, but was suppressed in 1816. Erfurt has a well built citadel on an eminence, called Petersberg. The inhabitants are partly em- ployed in the manufacture of woollens and silk. 12 m. W. Weimar, 1 10 W. Dresden, 160 E. Co- logne. Lon. 11 2' 26" E. Lat. 50 58' 45" N. Eri, r. Italy, in the Popedom, which falls into the Tuscan sea, 13m. from Civita Vecchia. Eribale, Loch, an inlet of the sea, on the coast of Scotland, in Sutherland. Ericeyra, t. Portugal, on the sea coast, 20 m. N. W. Lisbon. Ericko, (an. Oricum,) harbour of Albania, in the gulf of Avlona. E R I tj r. Scotland, in Perthshire, falls into the Isla near Cupar. Erie, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Niagara co. E. by Genesee co. S. by Cataraugus and Chatauque cos. W. by Lake Erie and Niagara river. Pop. 15,668. Erie, co. the N. W. corner of Pa. bounded N. by Lake Erie, E. by New- York, S. by. Crawford co. and W. by Ohio. Pop. 8,553; engaged in agri- culture 1,484, in commerce 23, in manufactures 372. Chief town, Erie. Erie, or Presque Isle, p-t. and cap. Erie co. Pa. pleasantly situated on the S. side of Lake Erie, on the Margin of a bay formed by Presque isle ; 80 m. S. S. W. Buffalo, 136 N. Pittsburg, 100 E, Cleveland. Pop. 635. It contains a court-house, jail and printing office. It has an excellent har- bour for small vessels, but the entrance is narrow and difficult. The trade of the town is already considerable. The shipping, in 1815, amounted to 249 tons. The portage between this place and French creek, one of the branches of Alleghany river, is only 16 miles, and a turnpike has been completed through this distance. Erie Canal, See Neiv York, State of. Erie, Fort, a fort, with a small village, in Ber- tie, Lincoln co. Up. Canada, at the outlet of Lake Erie, opposite Black Rock, N. Y. 18 m. above the falls of Niagara. Erie Lake, N. America, between 41 20' and 43 N. lat. and between 79 50' and 83 20' W. Ion. The boundary between the United States and Up- per Canada runs through the centre of the lake. It is 290 miles long from S. W. to N. E. ; in the widest part 63^ broad, and in circumference 658 miles. It receives the waters of Lake Superior, Michigan, Huron, and St. Clair, through Detroit river, and discharges itself into Lake Ontario through Niagara river. Its greatest depth is 40 and 45 fathoms, and it has many good harbors. This lake is finely situated for commerce. On the N. W. it is connected by an easy navigation with the upper lakes. On the S. the rivers which flow into it interlock Avith the branches of Ohio river, and canals might be made in several pla- ces at a trifling expense, which would open the navigation, and connect the lake with the vast valley of the Mississippi. On the E. a grand ca- nal is now in progress to connect it with the Hudson. Gales of wind frequently occur late in the fall, and bring with them a heavy swell, with every characteristic of a gale of wind at sea ; but the lake affords a safe navigation 7 months of the year. The amount of shipping on the lake be- longing to the U. States, in 1819, was 2,334 tons. From May to November, a steam-boat plies be- tween Buffalo and Detroit through the whole length of the lake. A battle was fought here on the 10th Sept. 1813, between the American fleet under Commodore Perry, and the British fleet, in which the latter was taken. Erierille, p-v. Madison co. N. Y. Erimo-Kdslro, t. Greene, in Livadia, on the eastern declivity of Mount Helicon. Erin, t. Indiana on the Ohio, opposite Port Wil- liam, at the mouth of Kentucky river, 10 m. be- low Vcvay, and 12 above Madison. It is on ele- vatrd ground, and was laid out in 1815. Entk, v. Eng. in Kent, on the Thames, 2m. E. Woolwick. Erilria, (an. Erythx,} t. Natolia, 36 m. W. Smyrna. y sometimes called Persian Armenia, a E R Z province of Persia, between Azerbijan, Shirvan, Georgia and Asiatic Turkey. The principal towns are Erivan and Nacsivan. Erivan, the capital of the province of Erivan, is en the Tergui, which falls into the Araxes, 3 leagues below. It is commanded by a spacious castle built on a steep rock. It has suffered se- verely from repeated seiges, which have reduced it to a ruinous condition. Lon. 44 35' E. Lat. 40 2ff N. Pop. 15,000. Erktlens, t. Prussian states, 28 m. N. E. Aix-la- Chapelle. Lon. 6 13' E. Lat. 51 8' N. Erlach, t. Switzerland, 15 m. W. N. W. Bern. Erlan, t. Hungary. The population, in num- ber about 15,000, is of mixed descent, being Ger- mans, Hungarians, and Rascians. It is the see of a bishop, and the seat of a university. The cita- del is strong and stands on a lofty reck. The town suffered frequently in former times in the Turkish wars. 38m. N. E. Buda, 120 E. S. E. Vienna. Lon. 20 21' 45" E. Lat. 47 53' 54" N. Erlangen, t. Bavaria. It has a university. 11 m. N. Nuremberg, 19 S. Bamberg. Lon. 11 4'E. Lat. 49 35' 36" N. Erlenbach, v. Bavarian states, in the circle of the Rhine, near Kaiserslautern. Erlenbach,v. Switzerland, 18 m. S. Berne. Ermenonville, v. France, in Oise,5m. S. E. Sen- lis. Ernatia, t. Natolia, on the gulf of Satalia, 16 m. N. W. Satalia. Lon. 30 24' E. Lat. 36 50' N. Erne, r. Ireland, which flows into the bay of Donegal, 3 m. below Ballyshannon. Erne, r. Eng. which runs into the English chan- nel, 5 m. S. S. W. Modbury. Ernee, t. France, 12 m. W. Mayenne. Pop. 4,750. Ernest, t. in Lenox and Haddington co. Upper Canada, on Lake Ontario, W. of Kingston, ad- joining. It is sheltered from the Lake by Amherst island. Ernspach, t. Wirtemberg, on the Kocher, 4 m. N. Oringen. Erouad, a fortified t. Hindostan. Lon. 77 50' E. Lat. 11 19' N. Eroui, Cape, on the coast of France, in Cotes du Nord. Lon. 2 37' W. Lat. 48 35' N. Erreef, or Rif, province of Morocco, on the Mediterranean. Erro, r. Italy, which runs into the Bormida, 3 m. S. W. Acqui. Erroad, or Erodu, t. Hind, in Coimbetoor, 104 m. S. E. Seringapatam. Lon. 77 50' E. Lat. 11 WN. Errol, t. Coos co. N. H. 104 m. N. Concord, 25 from Stratford on Connecticut river. Pop. 26. Erromango, isl. one of the New Hebrides. Lon. 1692 , ont from Livadia. Evron, t. France, in Mayenne, 13 m. S. S. E, Mayenne. Europe, one of the four grand divisions of the globe. It is bounded N. by the Arctic ocean ; E. by Asia; S. by the Mediterranean; and W. by the Atlantic. It extends from 36 to 7 1 N. lat. It is about 3,000 miles long from E. to W. and 2,500 broad from N. to S. and contains 3,387,108 sq. miles. It lies almost wholly within the tem- perate zone, and enjoys a fine healthful climate. It is the smallest of the four grand divisions, but is distinguished above all the rest for learning and science, for excellence in the useful and elegant arts, and for the intelligence, refinement, activity and enterprize of its inhabitants. This is pecul- iarly true of Great Britain, France, and Germa- ny. The population is about 180,000,000. The inhabitants are all Christians, with the excep- tion of the Turks and scattered settlements of Jews. The Christians in Europe are composed of three great bodies, the Catholics computed at 100 millions, the Protestants at 45, and the Greek Christians at 32 millions. Eurotas, r. of the Morea, which runs past Mi~ sitra. Eustis, lake, Missouri Ter. the S. W. head of Yellowstone river. It is near the head of the Wallaumut, which runs into Columbia river. Eutaw Springs, a small r. S. C. which runs in- to the Santee. Near its source a battle was fought . in 1781, which, in effect, terminated the war in this state. Eulin, t. Germany, 20m. N. Lubeck. Lon. 10 T 31' E. Lat. 54 10' N. Pop. 2,350. Eutrach. See Aitrach. Euxine Sea. See Black Sea. Euxton, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 209 m. N. W. London. Ewell, t. Eng. in Surrey, 12 m. S. London. Ewes, r. Scotland, joins the Esk, at Lang- holm. Ewingville, p-t Christian co. Ken. Exchequer Islands, group of islands in the S. Pa- cific. Lon. 142 26' E. Lat. 1 29' S. Exe, r. Eng. which passes Tiverton, Exeter, and Topsham, and falls into the sea at Exmouth. It is navigable by vessels of considerable burthen to Topsham. Exea, (an. Setia,) t. Spain, in Arragon, 24 m. E. Tudela. Lon. 1 9' W. Lat. 42 6* N. Pop. 2,500. Exeter, city, Eng. and cap. of Devonshire, on the Exe, 10 miles from the English channel. It has 19 parish churches, and a large and magnificent cathedral. Among the other public buildings are the Guildhall, and the asylum for lunatics. Ves- sels of 150 tons burden can come up to the town. Exeter sends 2 members to parliament. Pop. in 1801,16,827; in 1811, 18,896. 78m. S. W.Bris- tol, 173 W. S. W. London. Exeter, t. Penobscot co. Maine, 20 m. N. W. Bangor. Pop. 582. Exeter, r. N. H. rises in Sandown, and running E. meets the tide at Exeter. It here takes the F A C name of Swamscot, and running N. communicates with the Piscataaua, through Great Bay. Exeter, p-t. Buckingham co. N. H. pleasantly situated at the head of navigation on Exeter river, a branch of the Piscataqua, which is navigable to this place for vessels of 500 tons, 15m. S. W. Portsmouth, 15 N.W. Newburyport 50 N. Boston. Pop. 2, 1 14. It contains a court-house ; jail ; bank; academy ; and 3 houses of public worship, 2 for Congregationalists, and 1 for Baptists. It is well situated for a manufacturing town, and has a wool- leu and 2 cotton factories, a manufactory of ord- nance and small arms, and numerous other mills and manufacturing establishments. Before the revolution, ship-building was aprofitable business, but it is now discontinued. Phillips Exeter Academy, founded in this town by the Hon. John Phillips, LL. D. in 1781, is the best endowed academy in New-England. It has funds to the amount of $80, 000, a well selected li- brary of 700 volumes, and a handsome philosoph- ical apparatus. It has a principal, a professor of mathematics and natural philosophy, an assistant, and about 80 students. The building is an ele- gant edifice, 76 feet by 36, and 2 stories high. The funds are appropriated in part to the support of in- digent students. Exeter, t. Washington co. R. I. 24 m. S. W. Providence. Pop. 2,581. Exeter, p-t. Otsego co. N. Y. 10 m. N. W. Coop- erstown, 73 W. Albany. Pop. 1,430. Exeter,p-t. Luzerne co. Pa. Pop. 820. Exeter, t. Berks co. Pa. on the N. side of the Schuylkill, below Reading. Pop. 1,38 1 . Exeter, i. New Hanover co. N. C. on the N E. branch of Cape-Fear river, 36 m. N. Wilming- ton. Exeter, t. Harrison co. Indiana. Pop. 1,155. Exideul, t. France, in Dordogne, 18m. N. E. Perigueux. Exilles, t. Piedmont, on the borders of France, at a narrow pass, 8 m. S. W. Suza, 17 N. E. Brian- con, 38 W. Turin. Pop. 1,400. Exin, or Keyn, t. Prussian Poland, on the Net- ze, 24 m. W. S. W. Bromberg. Lon. 17 29' 54" E. Lat. 52 59' 40" N. Exmes, t. France, 9 m. E. Argentau, 72 W. Paris. Exmouth, t. Eng. in Devonshire, at the mouth of the Exe, 8 m. S. Exeter. F A H 251 Exuma,one of the Bahama islands, 25 miles long and 3 broad. Lon. 75 W. Lat. 23 20' N . Exuma Sound, a large channel among the Ba- hama islands, extending from N. W. to S. E. be- tween Cat island or Guanahani to the E. and a range of small islands and rocks to the W. and S. W. ; the entrance is S. of the island of Eleu- thera. Eyajiord, bay and district on the N. coast of Ice- land. Lat. 65 50' N. Eybenschutz, or Ewanice, t. Moravia, 20 m. N. E. Znaym. Lon. 16 17' E. Lat. 49 8' N. Eybenstock, t. Saxony, in Erzgebirg, 7 m. S. W. SchAvartzenberg. Lon. 12 35' E. Lat. 50 25' N. Eyder, r. Denmark, which divides Sleswick from Holstein, and falls into the North Sea, in Lat. 54 17' N. The tide ascends as far as Rendsburg, after which the canal of Keil begins, and completes the communication between the North Sea and the Baltic. Eyderstadt, district in the W. part of Sleswick. Pop. 12,500. The capital is Tonningen. Eye, t. Eng. in Suffolk, 20 m. N. Ipswich. Eymouth, Aymouth, or Haymoulh, t. Scotland, in Berwick, at the mouth of the Eye, 5 m. N. W. Berwick, 53 E. Edinburgh. Eyeos, a people of Africa, whose territories lie to the N. E. of Dahomey. Eyrlandt, small island near the island of Texel. Eygues. See digues. Eyguieres, t. France, in mouths-of-the-Rhone, 17 m. E. by S. Tarascon. Eylau, t. E. Prussia, on the lake of Arschen. It is famous for a severe battle foughton the 8th Feb. 1807, between the French and Russians. 20 m. S. Konigsberg. Lon. 20 38' 55" E. Lat. 54 22' 50'' N. Eylau Deutsch, t. lies in W. Prussia, on the lake of Genserich, 84 m. S. S. W. Konigsberg. Eymoutiers, t. France, on the Vienne, 18 m. E. by S. Limoges. Eynapoor, t. Hind, in Bejapoor. Lon. 75 10' E. Lat. 16 50' N. Eynsham, parish, Eng. 6. m. N. W. Oxford. Eysagh, r. Tyrol, which falls into the Adigc, below Botzen. Ezraville. See Malone. F. FAABORG, s-p. Denmark, on the coast of the island of Funen, 17 m. S. Oldensee. Lon. 10 16' E. Lat. 55 6' N. Pop. 1,100. Fabius, p-t. Onondaga co. N. Y. 17 m. S. E. Onondaga, 130 W. Albany. Pop. 2,494. Fabomit Lake, Canada. Lon. 88 15' W. Lat. V2 18- N. Fabriano, t. of the Ecclesiastical State, in Italy, 33 m. S. W. Ancona. Pop. 4,000. Facala or Fucata, s-p. Japan, in the island of Junto, 27 m. W. N. W. Taisero. Facile Harbor, a port of New Zealand, in Dusky bay, on the W. coast of Resolution Island. Lon. 1 66 IS' E. Lat. 45 40' S. Factories, p-v. Hampden co. Mass. Fadool, isl. in the E. Indian sea. Lon. 132' 37' E. Lat. 5 51' S. Faenza, city of the Poiiedom, in P^omagna, 20 m. S. W. Ravenna. Lon. 11 21' 35 V E. Lat. 44 17'19'>N. Pop. 12,500. Faeoe, isl. Denmark, in the Baltic. Lon. 1 1 20' E. Lat. 54 52' N. Faggiano, t. Naples, 6 m. E. 6. E. 7 arento. Fagnano, v. Italy, in the Veronese, 5 m. E. Mantua. Fahlun, province. See Stora Kopprtrbe.r;. Fuhlun, mining t. Sweden, cap. of Dalecarlia, The population, formerly above 7,000, does act 252 F A I FA L now exceed 4,200, the great copper mines having become less productive. 1 10 m. N. N. W. Stock- holm. Lon. 13 34' 54'' E. Lat. 60 35' 15" N. Fuicchio, t. Naples, in the Terra di Lavoro, 17 m. W. N. W. Benevento. Pop. 2,850. Faido, t. Switz. on the Ticino, 12 m. N. Belin- zona. Faifo, or Haifa, t Cochin China. Lon. 108 10 'E. Lat. 1550'N. Failsu-orth,i. Eng. in Lancashire, 4 m. fr. Man- chester. Pop. 2,875. Faioutn. See Fayoum. Fair Banks, p-t. Chatauque co. N. Y. Fairbluff, p-v. Columbus co. N. C. Fairfax, p-t. Kennebec co. Maine, 25 m. N. Au- gusta. Pop. 1,204. Fairfax, p-t. Franklin co. Vt. on Lamoil river, 18 m. N. N. E. Burlington. Pop. 1,359. Fairfax, co. Va. bounded N. and E. by the Po- tomac, S. by Prince William co. and W. by Lou- don co. Pop. 11,404. Slaves, 4,673. Engaged in agriculture, 2,896 ; in commerce, 44 ; in man- ufactures, 292. Chief town, Centreville. The court-house, where a post-office is kept, is 15 m. from Washington. Fairfax, p-t. and cap. Culpeper co. Va. 40 m. W.N. W. Fredericksburg, 76 fr. Washington. Fairfield, p-t. Somerset co. Maine, on the W. side of the Kennebec, opposite Clinton, 9 m. S. Norridgewock, 25 N. Augusta. Pop. 1,609. Fairjield, p-t. Franklin co. Vt. 26 m. N. N. E. Burlington. Pop. 1,573. Fairjield co. Ct. bounded N. by Litchfield co. S. E. by Long Island Sound, and W. by New- York. Pop. 42,739. Engaged in agriculture, 7,157, in commerce 472, in manufactures 3,083. Chief towns, Fairfield and Danbury. Fairfield, p-t. and port of entry, Fairfield co. Ct is pleasantly situated on Long Island Sound, 21 m. W. S. W. New-Haven, 54 N. E. New- York, Lon. 7315'W. Lat. 41 8' N. Pop. 4,151. It contains a court-house ; an academy ; and 6 hou- ses of public worship, 3 for Congregationalists, 1 for Episcopalian?, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Metho- dists. There are 4 villages within the town, Fairfield, Greenfield Hill, Green's farms or Sau- gatuck. and Mill river. There are 3 harbors, Black Rock, Mill River and Saugatuck. With the ex- ception of New-London, Black Rock is the best harbor in the Sound. The amount of shipping in Fairfield district in 1 816, was 7,033 tons. Fairfield, Neiu. See New Fairfield. Fairfitld,p-t. Herkimer co. N. Y. lOm.N. Her- kimer, 75 W. Albany. Pop. 2,610. In this town, there is an academy, and a medical school connect- ed with it. Faiijield, t. Essex co. N. J. /<>/, ' fie.ld, t Cumberland 'co. N. J. on Cohanzy creek, 25 m. Ei'Salem. Pop. 1,869. Fairfield, t. Crawford co. Pa. Pop. 553. Fairjield, t. Westmoreland co. Pa. Pop. 2,652. Fairfidd, or Miller's, p-t. Adams co. Pa. 8 m. W. Gettysburg. Fairfield, p-v. Rockbridge co. Va. Fairfield, district, S. C. between Wateree and Broad rivers. Pop. 17,174. Slaves 7,748. En- gaged in agriculture 6,265, in commerce 30, in manufactures 227. Chief town, Monticello. Fairfield, p-v. Columbia co. Geo. Fairfield, or Roberts', p-v. Putnam co. Geo. Fairfield, p-v. Nelson co. Ken. 10 m. fr. Bairds- town. Fairfidd, co. in the central part of Ohio. Pop. 16,633. Engaged in agriculture 2,883, in com- merce 28, in manufactures 284. Chief town, Lan- caster. Fairfield, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. Pop. in 1810 832. Fairfield, t. Highland co. Ohio, N. of Hillsbo- rough. Pop. 2,100. Fait field, t. Jefferson co. Ohio. Fairfield, p-t. Greene co. Ohio, 11 m. N. W. Xenia. Fairfield, t. Butler co. Ohio. Pop. 1,807. In this township is Hamilton, the seat of justice for the county. Fairfield, t. Licking co. Ohio, 4 m. N. Newark. Fairfield, t. Tuscarawas co. Ohio. Pop. 342. Fairfield Head, t. Eng. in Staffordshire, 5 m. from Leeke. Fairford, t. Eng. in Gloucestershire, on the Colne, near its confluence with the Thames, 22 m. E. S. E. Gloucester. Fair haven, bay, on the N. W. coast of Spitz- bergen. Lon. 10 E. Lat. 79 50' N. Fairhaven, t. Somerset co. Maine. Pop. 116. Fairhaven, p-t. Rutland co. Vt. on Poultney river, 9 m. N. N.E. Whitehall, 43 W. Windsor. Pop. 714. Fairhaven, t. Bristol co. Mass, on the E. side of Accushnet river, opposite New-Bedford. Pop. 2,733. Fairhaven, v. Gallia co. Ohio, on Ohio Triver, opposite the mouth of the Kenhaway, 4m. "above Gallipolis. Fairhead, promontory, on the N. coast of Ire- land. Lon. 6 2' W. Lat. 55 44' N. Fair Isle, isl. Scotland, between the Orkney and the Shetland islands. Lat. 59 32' 30'' N. Fairlee, p-t. Orange co. Vt. on Connecticut river, 35 m. above Windsor. Pop. 1,143, includ- ing West -Fairlee. Fairlee, West, t. Orange co. Vt. W. of Fairlee. Fairley, s-p. Scotland, in Ayrshire, 18 m. S. W. Greenock. Fairley Road, channel, Scotland, in th e frith of Clyde, between the islands of Cumbray and the coast of Ayrshire. Fairport, t. Geauga co. Ohio, at the mouth of Grand river, on lake Erie, 15m. N. Chardon, 32 N.E. Cleveland, 180 from Columbus. Fair River, Canada, which runs from Wapessa- ga to lake St. John. Fairiou-n, p-t. Cumberland co. N. J. Pop. in 1810, 2,279. Fairvale, p-v. in Granville, Washington co. N.Y. Fairview, p-v. Erie co. Pa. Pop. 536. Fairview, t. York co. Pa. Pop. 1,764. Fairview, t. Guernsey co. Ohio, 25m. E. Cam- bridge. Fairweather, cape, on the E. coast of Patago- nia. Lon. 58 25' W. Lat. 51 34' S. Fairweather, Cape, on the N. W. coast of Amer- ica. Lon. 222 20' E. Lat. 58 50$' N. Fairwealhcr, Mount, high mountain on the N. W. coast of America, about 12 m. N. E. cape Fairweather. FaJcenham Lamas ta, t. Eng. in Norfolk, 7 m. fr. East Dereham. Falais, t. France. The castle of Falais, though in ruins, is one of the finest in France. 15m. S. by E. Caen. Lon. T W. Lat. 48 54' N. Pop. 14,000. Falcon Capt, on the S. coast of the island of Ivica. Lon. 1 20' E. Lat. 38 50' N. F A L Falcon, Cape, on the S. coast of Sardinia. Lon. 313'E. Lat. 4045'N. Falconieri, small isl. in the Mediterranean, near the coast of Sicily. Falczi, t. Eu. Turkey, in Moldavia, on the Pruth. 32 m. E. N. E. Birlaf. Fale, r. Eng. in Cornwall, flows into the sea at Falmouth. Faleme, r. W. Africa, the largest tributary of the Senegal, empties 20 m. vV. Gallam. Fates, creek, Ohio, runs into the Ohio, llm. above Portsmouth. Falkenau, t. Bohemia, 12m. N. E. Egra. Lon. 1237'E. Lat. 50 9' N. Falkenberg, s-p. Sweden, on the Cattegat, 52 m. N. Helsingborg. Lon. 12 20' E. Lat. 56 53' 45'' N. Falkenstein, county, in the circle of the Upper Rhine, belonging to Austria. Falkenstein, or Elleford, t. Saxony, in the Vogt- land, 2 m. S. Auerbach. Falkioping, i. Sweden, in W. Gothland, 56 m. E. Uddevalla. Lon. 13 16"E. Lat. 58 12' N. Falkirk, i. Scotland, in Stirling co. near the great canal between the rivers Forth and Clyde. Three fairs, the greatest in Scotland, are held near this place. They are exclusively for cattle, sheep, and horses. Pop. 4,000. 8 m. W. Lin- lithgow, 24 W. Edinburgh. Falkland, t. Scotland, in Fife co. 10 m. W. Cu- par. Pop. 2,317. Falkland Isles, two large islands, and several smaller ones, in ths Atlantic ocean, E. of the straits of Magellan, between lat. 51 5' and 52 46' S. Ion. 57 40' and 61 10' W. They were ceded to Spain in 1774. The soil is a mere bog, and the land beaten by almost perpetual storms. They have been called by many different names. Fall, r. R. I. which rises in Watuper pond, and runs into Taunton river. Fall creek, r. Tompkins co. N. Y. which flows into the S. end of Cayuga lake. There is a cata- ract in this river, 1 mile from its mouth, of 90 feet perpendicular, and the whole descent of the wa- ter, within I i miles, is estimated at 350 feet. Fallen City, or Old Jerusalem, range of rocks among the Virgin isles, in the West-Indies. Lon. 62 53' W. Lat. 18 10' N. Falling springs, r. Va. which rises 20 m. S. W. of the Warm spring, and flows into Jackson river. It has a fall of 200 feet perpendicular, and a person may walk dry between the sheet of water and the rock. Falling waters, p-v. Berkeley co. Va. Fallowjield, t. Washington co. Pa. on the W. side of theMonongahela,25m. S. E. Washington. Pop. 2,020. Fallowjield, t. Crawford co. Pa. Pop. 742. Falloufield, East, t. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 857. Falloufield, West, t. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 864. Fallriver, p-t. Bristol co. Mass. Falls, t. Bucks co. Pa. on the Delaware, oppo- site Bordentown, 28 m. N. E. Philadelphia. Pop. 1,880. Falls, t. Muskingum co. Ohio. Pop. 1,112. Falls, t. Hockhocking co. Ohio. Pop. 1,001 . FaUstovm, p-Uredel co. N. C. Falmouth, s-p. Eng. in Cornwall, at the mouth of the Fal. There is a good harbor here, defend- ed by two castles ; and a fine and spacious road- stead, capable of receiving the largest fleets. It the regular station of the packet boats which carry foreign mails to Spain, Portugal, and Amer- F A N 253 ica. Pop. 5,307. 95 m. S. W. Exeter, 269 W. S, W.London. Lon. 5 4' W. Lat. 50 9' N. Falmouth,p-t. Cumberland co. Maine, on Casco bay, 5 m. N. Portland. Pop. 1,679. It formerly included Portland, Westbrook, and Cape Eliza- beth. Falmouth, s-p. and p-t. Barnstable co. Mass. 19 m. S. W. Barnstable. 72 S. Boston. Pop. 2,370. Falmouth, t. Lancaster co. Pa. 20 m. S. Lan- caster. Falmouth, p-t. Stafford co. Va. on the N. side of the Rappahannock, opposite Fredericksburg, 23 m. S. W. Dumfries, 56 S. S. W. Washington. Lon. 77 30' W. Lat. 38 18' N. It is at the foot of the falls, and has considerable trade. Falmouth, p-t. Pendleton co. Ken. on Little Licking river. Pop. 121. Falmouth, s-p. Antigua, 7 m. S. E. St. Johns. Lon. 61 28' W. Lat. 17 9' N. Falmouth, s-p. Jamaica, Lon. 77 33' W. Lat. 18 31' N. Falmouth, i. in Hants, Nova Scotia, on the S. E. side of the basin of Mines, 28 m. N. W. Hali- fax. False Bay, New Zealand. Lon. 185 38' W. Lat. 46 33' S. False Cape, Yucatan, in the bay of Honduras, Lon. 87 45' W. Lat. 20 52' N. Falster, isl. of the Baltic, between 11 34' and 12 10' E. Ion. and 54 32' and 54 58' N. lat; and belonging to Denmark. Pop. 1 6,500. Falsterbo, s-p. Sweden, in Schonen, 22 m. S. S, W. Lund. Lon. 12 47' E. Lat. 55 23' N. Faluga, isl. near Sardinia, 12 m. S. Cape Argen- tera. Faluga, t. Bagdad, on the W. bank of the Eu- phrates, 25 m. S. Bagdad. Falun, r. Switz. which runs into the lake cf Neufchatel, near Yverdun. Famagusta, s-p. Cyprus, on the east coast, built on a rock. It is surrounded by strong walls, and a deep ditch, 20 pac-^s in breadth, cut out of the solid rock. The walls are thick, and flanked by 12 enormous towers, whose sides are four paces thick, and their interior four in diameter. It serves as a prison for the malefactors of this island and other parts of the Turkish dominions. It was formerly a famous city, but ruin and desolation are now seen in every street, and the population is reduced to a few hundred. Lon. 33 30' E. Lat. 35 10' N. Famars, v. France, dep. of the North, 3 m. S. Valenciennes. Famia, (an. Apamea,} t. Syria, 90 m. N. Da- mascus. Lon. 36 43' E. Lat. 35 N. Famine, Port, fort, on the N. E. side of the straits of Magellan. Lon. 70 20' W. Lat. 55 44' S. Fanjeaux, t. France, in Aude, 13 m. W. Car- cassonne. Fannet, p-t. Franklin co. Pa. Pop. 1,747. Fano, s-p. Italy, in the States of the Church, on the Adriatic. It is a bishop's see. Pop. 7,500. 16 m. E. N. E. Urbino, 32 N. W. Ancona. Lon. 12 59' 53" E. Lat. 43 51' N. Fano, (an. Calypso,) small isl. N. W. of Cape Sidero, in the island of Corfu. Pop. 500. Lou. 19 32' E. Lat. 39 45' N. Fano, Cape, promontory, Norway, in lat. 70* 30' N. Fanoe, isl. Denmark, near North Jutland, op- posite to the town of Rypen. Lon. 9 43' E. Lat. 55 25' N. 254 FAR F A V FansJiaw, Cape, N. W coast of America, on the N. side of Frederick's sound. Lon. 226 44' E. Lat.57ll'N. Fantees, a numerous and powerful people, on the Gold coast of Africa, from Cape Coast Castle to the frontier of Acra, about 100 miles. Their power has since 1811 been almost entirely broken, by repeated and formidable invasions of the Ash- antees. Faon, t. France 14 m. E. by S. Brest. Faoua, t Lower Egypt, on the VV. or Rosetta branch of the Nile. Lon. 31 E. Lat. 31 10' N. Faouet, t. France, in Morbihan, 28 m. W. by S. Pontivy. Lon. 3 24' VV. Lat. 48 % N. Faquier, co Va. inclosed by Loudon, Prince William, Stafford, Culpeper, and Frederick coun- ties. Pop. 23,103. Slaves 11,167. Engaged in agriculture 6,772, in commerce 76, in manufac- tures 524. Chief town, Warrentown. A medici- nal spring has recently been discovered in this county near Rectortown. Fara, t. Ecclesiastical State, 22 m. N. N. W. Rome. Faradeese, t. Tunis, 30 m. S. Tunis. Farefiam, s-p. Eng. at the N. W. extremity of Portsmouth harbor, 12 m. S. E. Southampton, 73 S. W. London. Pop. 3,325. Fareskour, t. Lower Egypt, on the Damietta branch of the Nile, 7 m. S. Damietta. Farewell, Cape, S. point of West Greenland, on the N. side of the entrance of Davis's straits, Lon. 42' 42' W. Lat5937/N. Farewell Cape, cape, New Zealand. Lon. 186 W. Lat 40 33' S. Farewell, Cape, Greenland. Lon. 42 45' W. Lat. 59 38' N. Farim, small kingdom, W. Africa, on the river Cacheo, or St. Domingo. Farley-mills, p-v. King-and-Queen co. Va. Farleysrille, p-v. Charlotte co. Va. Farmer, p-t. Seneca co. N. Y. Farmington, p-t. Kennebec co. Maine, 30 m. N. Augusta. Pop. 1,983. Farmington, p-t. Strafford co. N. H. 26 m. N.W. Portsmouth. Pop. 1,716. Farmington, p-t. Hartford co. Conn, on Far- mington river, 10 m. W. Hartford, 30 N. New- Haven. .^Pop. 3,042. It contains 3 houses of pub- lic worship, 2 for Congregationalists, and 1 for Baptists. Farminglon river, rises in Massachusetts, and runs S. E. to Farmington in Connecticut, where, meeting with mountains, it turns N. and after running 15 miles is joined by Salmon river ; it then breaks through the mountains and has a cat- aract of 150 feet, after which it is called Windsor river, and joins the Connecticut. 4 miles above Hartford. Farminglon, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y. 9 m. N. E. Canandaigua. Pop. 4,214. Clifton springs are in this town, and are resorted to for their medicin- al qualities. They are strongly impregnated with sulphur. Farmington, t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 12 m. N.W. Warren. Pop. 368. Farmington, t. Belmont co. Ohio. Farmoutiers, t. France, in Seine-and-Marne, 9 m. N. Rosoy. Farmrille, p-v. Prince Edward co. Va. on the Appomatox, 72m. S. W. Richmond. Farndale, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 17 m. from Kir- bymoorside. Farntsc, t. Italy, in the Popedom, 6 m. N. '. Castro. Farnham, t. Eng. in Surrey, on the Wye, cele- brated for its hop plantations. Pop. 2,9 11. 9m. from Alton, 27 N. E. Winchester, 38 S. W. Lon- don. Lon. 47' 52" W. Lat. 5 1 13' 7" N. Farnham, t. Bedford and Richelieu counties Lower Canada, S. E. of Montreal. Farnham, p-v. Richmond co. Va. Farnlry, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 2 m. fr. Leeds. Farnley Tyas, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 3 m. from Huddersfield. Farnworth, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 3 m. S. E. Bolton. Faro, island, Sweden, in the Baltic, separated from Gothland by a narrow strait. Lon. 19 32 / 55" E. Lat. 57 56' N. Faro, s-p. Portugal, in Algarva, near Cape San- ta Maria. It is the see of a bishop ; and carries on considerable traffic. 18m. S. VV. Tavira, 130 S. E. Lisbon. Lon. 7 51' 57" W. Lat. 37 2 ; N. Pop. 7,000. Faroe, or Faroer Islands, a group of islands in the Northern ocean, between Iceland and Shet- land, and between 61 15' and 62" 20' N. lat. They belong to Denmark, and consist of 25 isl- ands, of which 17 are inhabited. }'op. in 1812, 5,209. Barley, rye, and pease are imported from Denmark. The chief wealth of the islands con- sists in sheep ; fishing is also an important source of subsistence. Faroe, small isl. Denmark, near the S. coast of Zealand. Lon. 12 E. Lat. 54 57' N. Farr Bay, on the N. coast of Scotland. Lon. 4* 2' W. Lat. 58 34' N. Farringdon, t. Eng. in Berks, 17 m. N. E. Ox- ford. Farruch, Cape, on the coast of Majorca. Lon. 3* 18' E. Lat. 39 47' N. Fars, or Persia Proper, a province of Persia. bounded N. by Irak, E. by Kirman and Lar, VV. by Kuzistan, and S. by the Persian gulf. The prin- cipal towns are Schiras the capital, and Bushire the chief port on the Persian gulf. Farshouc, t. Upper Egypt, 20 m. S. Girge. Farslay, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 5 m. fr. Leeds. Fartac, Cape, or Fartash, cape, on the S. coast of Arabia. Lon. 51 4' E. Lat. 1530'N. Fartach, s-p. Arabia, 132 m. S. E. Hadramaut. Farther India, or India beyond the Ganges, in- cludes all the countries between Hindoostan and China. It is bounded N. by Tibet and China ; E. by the China sea ; S. by the straits of Malacca, which separate it from the island of Sumatra ; and W. by the bay of Bengal and Hindoostan. It com- prehends the Birman empire, Assam, Malacca, Siam. Cambodia, Cochin China, Tonquin, and Laos. Fasana, t Istria, 4 m. N. N. W. Pola, 50 S. Trieste. Fasano, t. Naples, in the Terra di Bari, 6 m. S. Monopoli. Pop. 7,100. Falatenda, t. W. Africa, on the Gambia, about 500 m. fr. its mouth. Lon. 13 8' W. Lat. 15 20'N. Fiitr, t. Clermont co. Ohio. Pop. 1,775. Fatleconda, t. W. Africa, cap. of Bondou. Lon. 10"20'W. Lat. 14" 20' N. Fatlick, s-p. W. Africa, 60 m. N. of the Gambia. r,mmi, r. Naples, which runs into the sea, 9 m. S. S. E. Squillace. Fatarn, s-p. Barca, in Africa, 30 m. E. S. E. Derne. FAY Fauche, i. Illinois, runs into the Illinois from theE. Fare/one, r. Naples, which runs into the sea, 4 m. fr. Squillace. Faverges, t. Savoy, 17 m. S. by E. Annecy. Faverney, v. France, in Upper Saone, llm. N. Vesoul. Farersham. See Feversham. Fauehman, t. Wayne co. Ohio. Pop. 553. FavignantL, (an. JEgusa,} one of the ^Egades inlands, 5 m. fr. Sicily, 9 W. by S. Trapani. Fauquembergues, t. France, in Pas-de-Calais, 17 m. S. W. St. Omer. Fauquemont, t. Netherlands, 12 m. W. Aix la Chapelle. Fauqmmont, t. France, 20 m. E. Metz. Fauquier. See Faquier. Favorable Lake, N. America. Lon. 93 10' W. Lat. 52 48' N. Faussembault, seigniory, Hampshire co. Lower Canada, 10 m. W. Quebec. Fauxi-ilkrs, t. Netherlands, 24 m. N. W. Lux- emburg. Faway. See Fowey. Fawcettstown, p-t. Columbiana co. Ohio, on Ohio river, 15m. S. E. New Lisbon, 5 below the Pennsylvania line. Fawn, t. York co. Pa. Pop. 803. Fawn Grove, p-t. York co. Pa. Fay, t. France, in Loire Inferieure, 9 m. N. E. Savenay. Fay Billot, Le, t. France, in Upper Marne, 12 m. S. E. Langres. Fayal, one of the Azore islands, about 27 miles long, and 9 broad. Lon. 28 41/ W. Lat. 38 31' N. Its good harbor, and its situation in the route of the homeward bound ships from India, has made it much frequented. Pop. estimated at 22,000. The principal town is called Villa Orta or Horta. Faye, t. France, in Maine-and-Loire, 1 1 m. S. Angers. Fayence, t. France, noted for its manufactures of earthenware, 14 m. N. E. Draguignan. Lon. 6 3'E. Lat. 43 44' N. Fayetle, p-t. Kennebec co. Maine, 20 m. W. Au- gusta. Pop. 828. Fayelte, t. Seneca co. N. Y. between Seneca and Cayuga lakes, having Seneca river on the N. 18 m. N. Ovid, 7 m. E. Geneva. Pop. 2,869. It is well situated for trade. Here is a printing-office. Fayetle, co. in the S.W. part of Pa. Pop. 27,285. Engaged in agriculture 4,485, in commerce 93, in manufactures 1,958. Chief towns, Union and Brownville. Fayelte, t. Alleghany co. Pa. Pop. 2,000. Fayelte, co. in the central part of Ken. Pop. 17,901. Slaves 7,633. Engaged in agriculture 3,911, in manufactures 424. Chief t. Lexington. Fayelle, co. Ohio, W. of Pickaway co. Pop. 6,316. Engaged in agriculture 1,793, in com- merce 6, in manufactures 25. Chief town, Wash- ington. Ap*4 t Gallia co. Ohio. FtiijKtte, t. Lawrence co. Ohio. Pop. 436. '!e, co. Indiana. Pop. 5,950. Engaged in agriculture 841, in commerce 9, in manufactures 252. Fayetteville, p-t. and cap. Cumberland co. N. C. 50 m. S. Raleigh, 95 N. N. W, Wilmington, 159 N.E.Columbia. Lon. 79 58' W. Lat. 35 3' N. It is advantageously situated near the W. bank of Cape Few river, at the head ot boat navigation. F E I 255 The river is here crossed by a handsome bridge 1,100 feet in length. The town is regularly laid out, and contains a court-house, academy, 3 banks, 2 printing- offices and 3 houses of public worship. The inhabitants are principally Scotch Highland- ers. Large quantities of tobacco, cotton, wheat, staves, naval stores, and other produce, are brought to this place, and carried down the river to Wilmington, in boats containing each about 120 barrels. Fayetteville is one of the most flourishing commercial towns in the State. Its growth has been very rapid, but has received some severe checks from fire. The inhabitants now begin to use brick for building. The country in the im- mediate vicinity is elevated ; the soil is dry, sandy, and not fertile, except on the water courses. Fayelleville, p-t. and cap. Lincoln co. Ten. on Elk river, 30 m. N. Hunts ville, 80 S. Nashville. The public buildings are a court-house, bank, academy and church. Fayoum, a province of Egypt, on the W. side of the Nile, stretching out into the desert, by which it is almost entirely surrounded. It consists of a valley nearly environed by a circuit of hills. This territory formed the ancient Arsinoe, de- scribed by Strabo, as possessed of the highest fer- tility, and cultivated like a garden. It now suf- fers from the depradations of the Arabs, but still yields grain in abundance. Cloths are made here of woollen, linen and cotton. About 8,000 shawls are said to be exported monthly ; and rose water is manufactured, and sent to all parts of Egypt, and to Syria. The communication with Cairo is carried on weekly by caravans. Fayoum, or Me- dina Fayoum, the capital, is in Ion. 30 39' E. lat> 2927'N. Fayston, t. Washington co. Vt. 15 m. S. W, Montpelier. Pop. 253. Fazeley, t. Eng. in Stafford, 2 m. fr. Tamworth. Feale, r. Ireland, which, uniting with the rivet- Gall, in Kerry, takes the name of Cashin, and falls into the mouth of the Shannon, llm. above Ker- ry-head. Fearing, t. Washington co. Ohio, 4 m. N. Mari- etta. Pop. 811. Fearn, v. Scotland, in Ross, 22 m. fr. Inverness. Fecamp, s-p. France, 15 m. N. N. E. Montivil- lers, 9 S. W. Dieppe. Lon. 023'3" E. Lat. 49 45' 24" N. Pop. 7,000. Fedala, s-p. on the W. coast of Morocco, 40 m. S. S. W. Salee. Federal point, point, N. C. near the New Inlet. Here is a beacon. 80 m. W. by S. Cape Look out, 30 N. W. by N. Frying pan shoals. Federalsburg, v. in Dorchester and Caroline cos. Md. on Marshy hope creek, 20 m. N. E. Cam- bridge. Feeding hills, p-v. in West-Springfield, Hamp- den co. Mass. 5 m. W. Springfield. Feejee Islands, in the Pacific ocean, in about 19* S. lat. and 180 E. Ion. Sandal wood is plentiful. The inhabitants are cannibals. See Friendly Isl- ands. Feestoicn, p-t. Clermont co. Ohio. Fehrabad, or Fahrabad, v. Persia, in Mazande- ran, near the S. coast of the Caspian sea, at the mouth of the river. The environs produce sugar, cotton and silk. 126 m. W. Asterabad, 270 N. Is- pahan. Lon. 53 12' E. Lat. 35 56' N. Pop. about 16,000. Feira, t. Portugal, in Beira, 13 m. S. Oporto. Pop. 4,000. 256 F E R F E R Feium. See Fayonm. Felaniche, t. Majorca. Pop. 6,800. Lon. 14' W. Lat. 39 3^ N. Fddkirch, t. Switzerland, on the river 111, 40 m. N. N. E. Coire. Lon. 9 35' 15" E. Lat. 47 14' 20' N. Fddkirchen, t. Carinthia, 13 m. N. W. Clagen- furt. Feldsperg, t. Austria, 28 m. N. N. E. Vienna. Lon. 16 43' E. Lat. 48 44' N. FeUciana.) co. Louisiana, bounded W. by the Mississippi, S. East Baton Rouge, N. by the State of Mississippi and E. by Florida. The part of the county on the Mississippi and extending 30 miles E. is generally very fertile and well adapted to the cultivation of cotton. The remaining part is prin- cipally covered with pine timber. Pop. 12,732. Slaves 7, 164. Engaged in agriculture 5,802, in manufactures 16. The settlers are almost entire- ly Americans. Chief t. St. Francisville. Feliciana, p-t. Feliciana GO. Louisiana, E. of Baton Rouge. Felicudi, one of the Lipari islands, anciently called Pbanicusa. Lon. 14 21' E. Lat. 38 34' N. Feliszano, t. Piedmont, near the Tanaro, 8 m. W. Alessandria. Feirs Point. See Baltimore. Felletin, L France, on the Creuse, 21 m. S. S. E. Gueret. Lon. 2 15' E. Lat. 45 53' N. Fellin, t. Livonia, 110 m. N. E. Riga. Lon. 25 40' E. Lat. 58 16' 30" N. Fdo Cape, the S.W. point of Sicily. Lon. 12 27' E. Lat. 37 46' N.. Feloops, a people of W. Africa, on the S. side of the Gambia. Felsoe-Banyctj t. Hungary, 4 m. from Neutstadt. Lon. 23 42" 10" E. Lat. 47 e 38' N. Feltoic, t. Prussian States, 9 m. S. W. Berlin. Feltre, t. Venetian territory. It is the see of a bishop. Pop. 5,200. 53 m. N. W. Verona, 83 N. Padua. Lon. 11 55' 24" E. Lat. 46 0' 43" N. Feltrino, r. Naples, which runs into the Adriatic 4 m. S. E. Ortona. Felu, cataract in Senegal river, W. Africa, 60 m. above Gallam. Feludsje, or Peluch, small isl. in the N.W. part of the gulf of Persia, 10m. E. Koueit. Lon. 48 E. Lat. 29 45' N. Femern, isl. Denmark, in the Baltic, opposite to the coast of Holstein. Pop. 7,600. Fetntne Osage, p-t. St. Charles co. Missouri. Fenestrange, t. France, in Meurthe, on the Sarre, 19 m. E. Chateau-Salins. Lon. 6 37 : E. Lat. 46 52' N. Fenestrdle, fort, France, 7m. S. S. E. Susa, 20 N. N. W. Pignerol. Fenny, r. Hind, which forms the boundary be- between the districts of Tippera and Chittagong, and falls into the sea in lat. 22 50 ' N. Fenny Stratford. See Stratford. Fenu-ick, v. Scotland, in Ayrshire, 4 m. E. Kil- marnock. Ferabad. See Fehrabad. Fercula, district, Africa, in the N. part of the Sahara, bordering on Tafilet, 50 m. W. Sigil- Ferdinand, t. Essex co. Vt. 60 m. N. E. Mont- pelier. Ferdinand, t. St. Louis co. Missouri. Fere, La, t. France, in Aisne, at the confluence of the Oise and the Serre. An action took place here between the French and allies on the 1st of March 1814. 14 m. N. W. Laon, 22 N. Soissons, 90 N. by E. Paris. Lon. 3 24' E. Lat. 49 40' N. Pop. 2,600. Fere Champenoise La, t. France. It was thr scene of an action between the French and the al- lies on the 25th March 1814. 20 m. S. Epernay. Fergus, r. Ireland, which runs into the Shan- non, 9 m. S. Ennis, in Clare. Fcrgwon, t. Centre eo. Pa. Pop. 1,189. Feiguson's ferry, p-v. Johnson co. Illinois. Ferhabad. See Fehrabad. Ferlach, Upper and Lower, 2 villages of Carin- thia, on the Drave. Pop. of the two, 2,850. 6 m. S. Clagenfurt. Lon. 14 17' E. Lat. 46 24' N. Fermanagh, co. Ireland, bounded N. by Tyrone and Donegal, E. by Tyrane and Monaghan, and S. by Cavan and Leitrim. It contains 694 square miles, and 111,250 inhabitants. Fermanagh, t. Mifflin co. Pa. Pop. 2,529. Fermin Point, cape on the coast of New Albion. Lon. 242 3' E. Lat. 33 42' N. Fermo, s-p. Ecclesiastical States, on the gulf of Venice. It is the see of an archbishop. 26 m. S. S. E. Ancona. Lon. 13 41' 41'' E. Lat. 43 10' 18 'N. Fermosella, t. Spain, in Salamanca, where the Tonnes falls into the Douro, 48 m. W. Salamanca. Pop. 3,000. Fermoy, t. Ireland, in Cork co. on the Blackwa- ter. 107 m. from Dublin. Pop. 5,088. Fernambuco. See Pernambuco. Fernandez, or Juan Fernandez, isl. in the Pacif- ic ocean, 110 leagues W. Chili. This island is celebrated for having been the solitary residence for several years of Alexander Selkirk, a Scotch sailor, from whose adventures upon it De Foe wrote the popular novel of Robinson Crusoe. Lon. 7852'W. Lat. 33 40 ' S. Femandina, s-p. on Amelia island, Florida. The harbour is defended by a fort Fernando Po, one of the Guinea islands belong- ing to the Portuguese. Pop. 2,000. 150 m. N. Prince's island. Lon. 8 49' E. Lat. 3 28' N. Feruess, cape on the Eday, one of the Orkney islands. Lon. 2 43' W. Lat. 59 2' N. Ferney, v. France, on the frontier of Switzer- land, 5 m. N. N. W. Geneva. It was for many years the residence of Voltaire. Ferns, v. Ireland, in Wexford, 15 m. N. Wex- ford. Ferolito, t. Naples, in the Basilicata, 18 m. S. Matera. Femandina^ t. Naples, in the Basilicata, on the Basienta, 15 m. S.W. Matera. Ferrara, Dulchy of, or the Ferrarese, a province of the Ecclesiastical States, having the Adriatic on the E. and the Po on the N. the portion of it beyond that river having been annexed to Lom- bardyin 1815. It lies low, and being frequently overflowed by branches of the Po, is marshy and unhealthy. Pop. 171,000. Ferrara, city, Italy, capital of the Ferrarese, and the see of an archbishop, situated on a marshy plain near a branch of the Po, on the road from Venice to Bologna. The churches and convents are very numerous ; the cathedral is a very an- cient fabric. Ferrara has a drawing academy, and a collection of minerals and antiquities, at- tached to its once famous university. Here are shown manuscripts of Ariosto, Tasso, and Guarini ; also the houses which they respectively occupied. 40 m. S. E. Mantua, 67 N. Bologna. Lon. 11 36- E. Lat. 44 50' N. Pop. 24,000. Ferreanah, t. Tunis, in Africa, supposed by Dt F E R Shaw, to occupy the site of the ancient Thala. 130 m. S. W. Tunis. Ferreira, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 13 m. W. Beja. Ferret, Cape, cape on the W. coast of France. Lon. 1 1 4' 45" W. Lat. 44 53' 1 5" N. Ferriby, North, v. Eng. in Yorkshire, where the wealthy merchants of Hull retire during the sum- mer. Ferrier, Point, cape, New Albion. Lon. 242 3'E. LaL3342i'N. Ferrintosh, or Fairnlosh, v. Scotland, in Ross- shire. Ferrisburg, t. Addison co. Vt. on Lake Cham- plain, at the mouth of Otter creek, 22 m. S. Bur- lington. Pop. 1,581. Ferriters. See Blaskets. Ferritcr's Cove, bay on the W. coast of Ireland, between Sybil-head and Smerwick harbor. Ferro, or Hiero, the most westerly of the Cana- ry islands. It contains about 7 square leagues. Pop. 5,000. It was once supposed to be the most westerly point of the old world, and was em- ployed by all geographers as their first meridian. Lon. of the W. point, 18 10* W. Lat. 27 45' N. Ferrol, s-p. Spain, on the N. coast of Galicia, in the bay of Corunna. The harbor, for depth, capacity, and safety, is not equalled by many in Europe. The entrance is very narrow, and com- manded by forts, and which may even be shut by a stoccado. It is now the first maritime arsenal in the kingdom. The basin in which the ships are laid up is of great extent, and solid workmanship. The marine barracks afford accommodation for 6,000 men. The establishments here are all na- val ; there is an academy for the Guardas Mari- nas ; a mathematical school for marine artille- rists ; a nautical, and even a pilot school. Ferrol is not a place of trade, the harbor being frequen- ted only by coasting barks ; and the manufactures confined to sail cloth. Pop. about 10,000. 21 m. N. E. Corunna, 36 N. W. Lugo. Lon. 8 11' W. Lat. 43 29' N. Ferrol, Cape, a cape on the N. W. coast of New- foundland. Lon. 57 11' W. Lat. 51 4' N. Ferry, v. Scotland, in Forfarshire, on the frith of Tay, 3 m. E. Dundee. Ferrybridge, v. Eng. in Yorkshire, on the Ayre, 15 m. N. Doncaster. Ferryden, v. Scotland, inForfar, 1m. S. Mon- trose. Ferry-hill, p-v. Mecklenburg co. Va. Ferry Port on Craig, v. Scotland, in Fifeshire, at the mouth of the Tay, 4 m. E. S. E. Dundee. Ferr>;toicn of Cree. See Crectown. Fersina, r. Tyrol, which runs into the Adige,2 ;?i. N. Trent. Ferle Alais, or Aleps, La, t. France, on the Juine, 34 m. S. Paris. Lon. 2 30' E. Lat. 48 29' N. Ferte Bernard, La, t. France, in Sarthe, 18 m. N. E. Le Mans. Lon. Ml E. Lat. 48 il .V Fcrtf. Chaudron, La, t. France, in Nievre, 10 m. N. W. Moulins. Ftrtt Gaudier, La, t. France, which was the wene of a severe action, on 26th March 1814, be- '. he French and allies. 14m. S. Chateau- Thierry. Lon. 3 22* E. Lat. 48 47' N. Ff.rte Maces, La, t. France, 23 m. W. Alencon. Pop. 3,400. Fr.rte Milon, La, t. France, in Aisne, on the Ourcq,60m. N. E. Pari=. 33 FEZ 257 Ferte sur Aube, La, t. France, in Upper Marne, the scene of an action between the French and al- lies on the 27th and 28th February 1814. 15 m. W. Chaumont en Bassigne. Lon. 4 42' E. Lat 48 6' N. Ferte sous Jouarre, t. France, in Seine-and- Marne, at the conflux of the Marne and the Morin. 10 m. E. Meaux. Pop. 3,700. Fethord, t. Ireland, in Tipperary, 8 m. S. E. Castel. Fetio, (an. Epfiatx,) t. Thessaly, 45 m. S. E. Larissa. Fletislaw, or Kladowo, t. Eu. Turkey, in SeTvia, on the Danube, 8 in. E. Orsova. Fetlar, or Fitter, one of the more northern Shetland islands. Lon. 1 6' W. Lat. 60 58' N. Fctttrcairn, v. Scotland, in Kincardine. Fetu, or AffetUi district on the Gold coast of Af- rica, in which is Cape Coast Castle. Feversham, t. Eng. in Kent. The manufacture of gunpowder is carried on to a great extent. The works belong to government. Between 12,000 and 13,000 barrels are annually manufactured. Pop. 3,872. 9 m. W. Canterbury, 47 E. London. Lon. 54' E. Lat. 51 19' N. FeugerolleS) t. France, in Loire, 5 m. S. St. Et- ienne. Fes, country, N. Africa, bounded N. by the straits of Gibraltar, E. by Algiers, S. by Morocco, and W. by the Atlantic. It is now annexed to Morocco, and forms the most valuable portion of that empire. See Morocco. Fez, a large city of Morocco, in Africa, built in 793, and once the capital of all the Western Ma- hometan states. Leo Africanus describes it in the twelfth century as containing 700 temples and mosques. Such was the veneration in which it was held, that when the road to Mecca was shut up, pilgrimages were made to Fez, as a city al- most as sacred. It was no less famous for learning. Its numerous schools for philosophy, physic, and astronomy, were resorted to from all the Mahom- etan kingdoms of Spain and Africa. The situa- tion of the city is singular. It lies in a valley, which is formed by surrounding hills into a species of funnel, and (.he higher parts of which are cov- ered with trees, orange groves and orchards. A river winds through the valley, refreshing the fields, turning various machinery, and supplying water to all the city. Fez stands in the hollow parts of this valley ; and the gardens seen around it form a most delightful amphitheatre. On a height above the rest of the city stands New Fez. The finest edifice is the mosque of Carubin, which is a mile and a half in circumference. The city contains 200 caravansaries or inns. The mar- kets are immensely crowded. Pop. according to Mr. Jackson,380,000, according to Ali Bey,100,000. Lon. 5 20' W. Lat. 33 50' N. Fesa, city, Persia, in Fars, supposed to be the ancient Pasa Sardi, 56 m. W. Darabjerb. Ftzsan, a country of interior Africa, S. of Tri- poli. It forms, as it were, a great island in the midst of an immense desert of sand. The cultiva- ted plain is about 300 miles long, and 200 broad. The heat of summer is intense, scarcely supporta- ble even by the natives. The winter on the other hand, is bleak and cold. The population, estima- ted by Hornman at 70,00^ or 75,000, is composed partly of the natives of the bordering desert, and partly of merchants from Egypt, Tripoli, Bornou, Cassina, and other distant parts of Africa. The king pays a small tribute to Tripoli, but in other 255 F I L respects is entirely independent, and rules his do- minions with absolute sway. Fezzan derives its chief importance from that favourable situation, which renders it a grand depot for the immense in- terior commerce which is carried on between Northern and Central Africa. A British resident has lately been appointed at the court of Fezzan, and the British government have determined to make vigorous efforts, to penetrate by this route into the interior of Africa. Fiano, t. Italy, on the Tiber, 15 m. N. Rome. Fiano, t Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, 9 m. S. Ter- amo. Fuinona, s-p. Istria, on the gulf of Quarnero, 36 m. S. E. Trieste. Lon. 14 18' E. Lat 45 49' N. Ficheruolo, t, of the Popedom, on the Po, 13 m. W.N.W.Ferrara. Fidalgo, Port, inlet, N. W. coast of America, in Prince William sound. Lat. 60 55' N. Fiddich, r. Scotland, in Banff, which falls into the Spey. Fides, t. Lower Austria, on the Theya, 6 m. S. W. Bohemian Wadhofen. Fiego, or Fijoogo, s-p. Japan, on the S. coast of Niphon, 48 m. S. W. Meaco. Field's mills, p-v. Brunswick co. Va. Fier, r. Savoy, which falls into the Rhone near Seissel. Fiesole, (an. FasulcE,) t. Tuscany, 3 m. N. E. Florence. Fife, a maritime co. Scotland, bounded N. by the Tay, E. by the German ocean, S. by the frith of Forth, and W. by the counties of Perth, Clack- mannan, and Kinross. It contains 504 square miles. It is very populous and fertile, and abounds with minerals. Pop. 101,272. Families, 26,352, of which number, 5,073, are engaged in agricul- ture, and 15,564 in trade and manufactures. Fifeness, cape, Scotland. Lon. 2 W. Lat. 56 17' N. Fifteen-mile creek, r. which rises in Pennsylvania and runs into the Potomac in Maryland. Figalo,Cape, cape on the coast ofEpirus, at the entrance of the gulf of Arta. Lon. 20 32' E. Lat. 3920'N. Figari, Porto, di. t. Corsica, 17 m. S. W. Porto Vecchio. Figeac, t. France, in Lot, on the Seille, 27 m. E. Cahors, 46 N. E. Montauban. Lon. 2 8' E. Lat. 4737'N. Pop. 6,450. Fighig, t. and district, Africa, within the nom- inal dominions of the emperor of Morocco, and a rendezvous for the Mecca and Tombuctoo cara- vans. 240 m. E. S. E. Mequinez. Fighting Island, small isl. of Michigan Territo- ry, in Detroit river, a little above Gross isle. Figlino,i. Tuscany in the Val d'Arno, 16 m. S. S. E. Florence. Figueira, t. Portugal, in Beira, on the Mondego, 10 m. S. W. Montemor o Velho. Figucras, t. Spain, in Catalonia, near the French frontier. It has a strong and magnificent castle. 20 m. N. Gerona, 25 S. Perpignan. Pop. 4,600. Figueri, Cape, cape on the W. coast of Sardinia. Lon. 9 46' E. Lat 41 8' N. Filadeljia, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 12 m. W. Squillace. Fitfine, t. Prussian Poland, 26 m. N. W. Posen. Fihk, t. Hungary, 40 m. S. E. Cremnitz. Filey, t. Eng. on the coast of York, 2 m. N. Hun- manbv. F I N Filippo d'Argirone, t. Sicily, in Val di De- mone, on the Jaretta, 9 m. S. Nicosia, Pop. 6,000. Filipopoli. See Philippopoli. FUoquia, (an. Argos Arnphilochiitm^) t. Albania , on the gulf of Arta, 25 m. S. E. Arta. Filoti, t. Eu. Turkey, 8 m. W. Joannina. Fimarella, r. Naples, which runs into the gulf of Tarento. Lon. 17 12' E. Lat. 39 36' N. Finale, s-p. in the Genoese territory, 35 m. S. W. Genoa. Lon. 8 24' E. Lat. 44 10' N. Pop. 7,000. Finale dc Modena, t. Modena, on the Panaro,23 m. N. E. Modena. Fincastle or Monroe, p-t. and cap. Botetourt co. Va. on Catabaw creek, which runs into James rir- er^ a few miles below the town ; 55 m. W. by N. Lynchburg, 36 E. Lexington, Ken. 175 W. Rich- mond. It contains a court-house and jail, and about 60 houses. Finchley, v. Eng. in Middlesex, 7 m. N. Lon- don. Finchtoivn, t. St. Ormont co. Up. Canada. Findhorn, r. Scotland, which falls into the Mo- ray frith, 4m. below Forres. Findhorn, s-p. Scotland, in Elgin, at the mouth of the Findhorn, 5 m. N. Forres. Findleysville, p-v. Mecklenburg co. N. C. Finham,t. France, 22m. N. by W. Toulouse. Finholloway, r. Geo. which runs into the Alata- maha, in Wayne co. Finisterra, Cape, the N. W. point of Spain, on the coast of Galicia. Lon. 9 13' 30" W. Lat. 42 56'30"N. Finisterre, a department in the western extrem- ity of France. Quimber is the capital, though Brest is a much larger place. Finland, an extensive country in the north of Europe, bounded N. by Lapland, E. by the Rus- sian governments of Archangel and Olonetz ; S. by the gulf of Finland, and W. by the gulf of Both- nia. It extends from 60 to 66 N. hit. The whole of this country, except the district of Wyborg, for- merly belonged to Sweden, and was divided into Finland proper, and East Bothnia, but in 1808 the whole was annexed to Russia, and now constitutes the government of Finland. It contains 89,520 square miles, and 1,1 15,000 inhabitants. The pas- turages are extensive and good ; the exports of the country consist in tar, pitch, wood, iron, and copper. The Finnish language is quite different both from Russian and Swedish; this language i* spoken also in Lapland, Esthonia, and in part 01 Livonia. In religion the {"'inlanders are Luther- ans. The capital is Abo. Finley,i. Washington co. Pa. Pop. 1,967. Finmark, an extensive province of Norway, bordering on the Northern ocean. It belongs to Norrland. Pop. 27,000. The inhabitants derive their principal subsistence from fishing. To this province belong several islands, on one of which, Mageroe, is the north cape, the most northern promontory of Europe. Finn, r. Ireland, which runs into Lough Foylc near Strabane. Finnes, t. France, 17 m, W. Rheims. Lon. 3 l 42' E. Lat. 49 20' N. Fino, Cape, Genoa, on the coast of the Riviera di Levante. Lon. 8" 6' K. Lat. 44 19' N. Finow, small r. Brandenburg, which falls into the Oder. Ftnslerwalde, t. Prussian states, 36 m. N. Dres- den. F I S Fintry, v. Scotland, in Stirlingshire, 8 ra. S. W, Stirling. Fionda, or Phionda, (an. Phaselis,} city of Asia Minor, on the W. coast of the gulf of Satalia. It is called Tekram by the Turks. Here are the 3 ports and the lake, described by Strabo ; the ruins of a theatre, and the remains of several large build- ings. 26 m. S. Adalia. Fiorentino, t. Popedom, in the Campagna di Roma, 23 m. N. Terracina. Lon. 13 6' E. Lat. 41 42-N. Fiorentino, t. Naples, in the Capitanata, 7 m. S. Lucera. Fiorenzuola, t. Naples, in the Capitanata, 10 m. S. St. Severo. Fiorenzuola, t. and fort of the dutchy of Piacen- za, 22 m. N. W. Parma. Pop. 3,000. Firan, small island in the Red sea. Lon 41 30 7 E. Lat. 17 13' N. Firelands, a tract of country, Ohio, which in- cludes the 5 western-most ranges of townships in the Connecticut reserve. Firenzuola, t. Tuscany, 22? m. N. Florence, 23 S. Bologna. Fireplace, p-v. in Brookha veri, Suffolk co. N. Y. Firminy, t. France, in Loire, 6 m. W. St. Et- ienne. Firosobad, the name of part of the city of Delhi. Firozobad, t. Hind, in Agra, on the Jumna. Lon. 78 20' E. Lat. 27 9' N. Firozeh, t. Hind, in Delhi. Lon. 75 13' E. Lat. 29 17' N. First Moon, t. Beaver co. Pa. Pop. 1,035. First Sight Island, one of the Solomon islands. Lon. 149 10 E. Lat. 7 15' S. Fischhausen, t. East Prussia, on the Frische- Haf, 5 m. W. Konigsberg. Fishkill, r. N. Y. which joins Wood creek 2 miles from its entrance into Oneida lake. Anoth- er creek of this name is the outlet of Saratoga lake into Hudson river. Its mouth is opposite the mouth of Battenkill. On the banks of this creek the Brit- ish army under Gen. Burgoyne surrendered to Gen. Gates, Oct. 17th, 1777. Fish River, Great, r. Africa, which rises in the Sneuwberg mountains, and falls into the Indian sea. Lon. 27 20' E. Lat. 33 30' S. Fish River, r. Florida, which runs into Mo- bile bay. Lon. 87 50 W. Lat. 30 30' N. Fisher' s field, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 16 m. E. Charlestown, 23 W. Concord. Pop. 874. Suna- pee pond lies partly in this town. Fisher'' s Island, isl. in Long Island sound, an- nexed to Southold, Suffolk co. N. Y. 5 m. S. W. Stonington, Ct. It is 9 miles long and 2 broad. Pop. 100. Fisher's store, p-v. Clarke co. Alabama. Fisherrow, t. Scotland, 5 m. E. Edinburgh. Fishguard, or Fisgard, s-p. Wales, in Pembroke co. 16 m. from St. David's. Fishing bay, bay, Md. on the eastern shore of the Chesapeake, in Dorchester and Somerset cos. It receives the Wicomico and Nanticoke, besides other smaller rivers. The entrance is between Goldsborough and Devil's islands. Fishing cretk, t. Columbia co. Pa. on the Sus- quehannah. Pop. 502. Fishing creek, p-v. Tyler co. Va. Fishing creek, p-v. Wilkes co. N. C. Fishingford cross-roads, p-v. Bedford co. Ten. Fishing creek, t. Howard co. Missouri. FMill, p-t Dutchess co. N. Y. on Hudson riv- er, 10 m. below Poughkeepsie, 65 N. New York. FLA 259 Pop. 8,203. The village of Fishkill is about 5 m. E. of the river, on Fishkill creek. The other set- tlements in the town are Hopewell, New Hack- insac, Middlebush, and Wappinger's creek. The number of churches is 6. Here are numerous mills and manufactures and 2 landings, at which considerable trade is carried on. Fishkill landing, p-v. Dutchess co. N. Y. Fish lake, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, on the river Don, 2 m. from Thorn. Fish river, r. Alabama, which runs into the E. side of Mobile bay. Fisko, small isl. of the Baltic. Lon. 20 45' E. Lat. 60 28' N. Fismes, t. France, 14 m. W. Rheims. Lon. 3 42' E. Lat. 49 19' N. Fitchburg, p-t. Worcester co. Mass, on Nashua river, 25 in. N. Worcester. Pop. 1,736. Fitchmlle, t. Huron co. Ohio. Pop. 156. Fittre, or Fiddri, large lake of Central Africa, in a kingdom of the same name, called also Lussi Cougu, and Dar Cooka. The kingdom lies S. of Begherme, and is now subject to Bornou. Fitjil Head, cape of Mainland, one of the Shet- land isles, near the N. extremity. Lon. 1 44' W. Lat. 59 50' N. Fitzherberf s Island, small isl. in the Florida stream, at the entrance of the gulf of Mexico. Lon. 81 50 W. Lat. 24 40' N. Fitzhush's Sound, narrow channel of the Pacif- ic ocean, between Culvert's island and the W. coast of America. Fitsjames, formerly Warthi, t. France, in Oise, 3 m. N. E. Clermont. Fitzwilliam, p-t. Cheshire co. N. H. 13 m. S. E. Keene. Pop. 1,167. Five Fingers Point, New Zealand, the N. prom- ontory at the entrance of Dusky bay. Fivizzano, t. Tuscany, 13 m. N. N. E. Carrara, Pop. 3,200. Fiume, s-p. Austrian empire, ut the bottom of the gulf of Quarnero, on the Adriatic. The har- bour, though difficult of entrance, is very commo- dious. 5 m. W. N. W. Buccari, 36 S. E. Trieste. Pop. 12,000. Lon, 14 26 '22" E. Lat. 45 20' 10" N. Fiume, one of the circles of the newly erected Austrian kingdom of Illyria. Pop. 131,500. Fiume Grande, r. Sicily, which forms the E. boundary of the Val di Mazzara. Fiumicino, s-p. Italy, in the Ecclesiastical state, at the mouth of the W. branch of the Tiber, 2 m, S.W. Porto. Flaach, v. Swiss canton of Zurich, at the cori- flux of the Rhine and Thur, 8 m. S. W. Schaff- hausen. Fladstrand, s-p. Denmark, in Jutland. It is a common shipping place to Norway. 30 m. N. N. E. Aalborg. Lon. 10 33' 30" E. Lat. 57 27' 3"N. Flagg-spring, p-v. Campbell co. Ken. Flamborough, t. Eng. in Yorkshire. Flamborough, t. York co. Up. Canada, on Bur- lington bay, at the W. extremity of Lake On- tario. Flamborough Head, lofty promontory, Eng. on the coast of York. Lon.0 19'E. Lat. 54 9' N. Flanders, country, Europe, included partly in France, but chiefly in the new kingdom of the Netherlands. French Flanders forms the depart- ment of the North. The part belonging to the Netherlands is divided into East and West Flan- 260 Y L I ders, which are separated from each other by a line running almost due S. from Sluy.<. !'.at Flanders contains 1,080 square miles. Population 600,000. Its capital is Ghent. The surface is level in the north, while to the south it consists of undulating plains. The soil is in general a heavy loam, and very fertile. The chief productions are corn, pulse, flax, madder, tobacco, fruit ; and the pasturages are also excellent. West Flanders has a considerable tract of coast, in the central part of which is Ostend. Its extent is 1,500 square miles. Pop. 520,000; its surface is in general level, ex- cept the sand hills on the coast. Here also the soil is fertile, and the agriculture good. The man- ufactures are very considerable in lace and fine linen. Flannan Islands, several islands of the Hebrides. Lon. 7 25' W. Lat. 58 26' N. Flatbush, p-t. and cap. Kings co. Long Island, N. Y. on New York bay, 5 m. S. by E. New York city. Pop. 1,027. The public buildings are, a court-house, an academy called Erasmus Hall, and a church. A battle was fought near this town, 27th August, 1776, in which the Americans were defeated by the British, with great loss. Flat creek, r. S. C. which runs into the Great Pedee, 6 m. from Greenville. Flat Holm, isl. in the Bristol channel. Lon. 3 5' W. Lat. 51 30' N. Flallands, t. Kings co. N. Y. on New York bay, 2 m. S. Flatbush. Pop. 512. Flat Point, cape at the southern extremity of Sumatra. Lon. 102 38' E. Lat 50' S. Flathow, t. Prussian Poland, 25 m. W. N. W. Bromberg. Lon. 17 2' 27" E. Lat. 53 21' 53 N. Flatten/ Cape, on the N.W. coast of America, in lat. 1823i' N. and in Ion. 124 52 ? W. Fleche, La, t France, in Sarthe, on the Loir, formerly celebrated for its college, which is now discontinued. Pop. 5,000. 22 m. N. E. Angers. Lon. 8 E. Lat. 47 42' N. Fleckeroe, isl. Norway, near Christiansand. Lon. 8 18 E. Lat. 58 4' N. Fleet, r. Eng. which runs into the Trent, 8 m. N. Newark. Fleet, r. Scotland, which falls into Wigton bay. Fleming, co. in the E. part of Ken. Pop. 12,186. Slaves 1,144. Engaged in agriculture 2,960, in commerce 16, in manufactures 406. Flemings, p-v. Wayne co. Indiana. Flcmingsburg, p-t. and cap. Fleming co. Ken. Flemington, p-t. Hunterdon co. N. J. 23 m. N. N. \V. Trenton, 9 S. Pittstown, 53 N. E. Philadel- phia. Flensborg, s-p. Denmark, in Sleswick, on a bay of the Baltic, 16 m. N. Sleswick. Pop. 15,000. Lon. 9 27 '40' E. Lat. 54 47 18" N. Fletcher, t. Franklin co. VL 22 m. N. E. Bur- lington. Pop. 497. Fleurance, t. France, on the Gers, 4 m. S. Lec- toure. Lon. 15 E. Lat. 43 51' N. Fleurus,i. Netherlands, in Hainault, near the Sambre, and the scene of repeated battles. Pop. 2,020. 7 m. N. E. Charleroi. Flinders Island, isl. on the S. coast of New Hol- land. Lon. 134" 27 E. Lat. 33 41' S. Flinn, t. Jackson co. Indiana. Farm's fork, p-v. Caldwell co. Ken. Flint, co. Wales, bounded N. by the Irish sen, N. E. by the estuary of the Dee, E. by C! and S. E. and S. W. by Denbighshire. Tho prin- cipal manufactures are copper and brass, which FLO are carried on to a large extent near HolyweU. Pop. in 1811,46,518. Families 9,740 ; of which number 4,086 were employed in agriculture, and 3,009 in trade and manufactures. Flint, t. Wales, in Flint co. on the estuary of the Dee. Pop. 1,433. 7 m. from Holy well. Flint, r. Ontario co. N. Y. which runs into Canandaigna r. at the village of Vienna in Phelps. Flint, r, Geo. which rises between N. lat. 33 and 34 and running S. joins the Chatahoochee to form the Appalachicola. The Creek Indians have a number of villages on this river. Flint Island, isl. in the gulf of St. Lawrence, near the coast of Cape Breton island. Lon. 59 40' W. Lat. 46 10' N. Flitschi t. Austrian empire, 18 m. W. S. W. Vil- lach. Flix, t. Spain, in Catalonia, on the Ebro, 20 m. S. Lerida, 25 N.Tortosa. Lon. 22' E. Lat. 41 8'N. Flixton, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 7 m. W. Man- chester. Flodden, v. Eng. in Northumberland, near to which a bloody engagement was fought between the English and Scotch, September 1513. 5 m. N. Wooler. Florae, t. France, in Lozere, on the Tarn, 13 m. S. Mende. Lon. 3 40 E. Lat. 44 19' N. Florence, the capital of the grand dutchy of Tus- cany, and one of the finest cities of Italy, stands in a beautiful valley intersected by the Arno. Its streets and squares are adorned with pillars, foun- tains, and statues. The number of churches is un- commonly great, and they contain many excellent paintings. The cathedral is a building of great extent and magnificence. The dome of this build- ing is much admired ; also the adjoining tower, 280 feet in height, which is light and graceful in its architecture, and adorned with statues. The church of St. Lorenzo contains the magnificent mausoleum of the Medicis ; and the adjoining convent holds the library of the same family, val- uable chiefly for its manuscripts. But the grand collection of works of art is in the Medicean galle- ry, known throughout Europe as the gallery of Florence ; it is more than 500 feet long, and replenished with busts,statues, and paintings. The last are arranged so as to exhibit the history of the art from the 1 1th to the 17th century. Here is the celebrated Venus de Medicis, and other beautiful specimens of art, carried off for a time by the French, but restored in 1815. The uni- versity of Florence dates from 1438. In 1542 was instituted the Academia Florentina. Here are al- so schools, and an academy of the fine arts. Dante, Machiavcl, Guicciardini, Americus Vespucius, and other distinguished characters, were natives of Florence. Florence is surrounded by a wall, and li;i: two citadels. It is the see of an archbishop, and was a place of great trade from the 13th to the 15th century. 50 m. S. Bologna, 130 N. N. W. Rome. Lon. 11 15' 45" E. Lat. 43 46' 41'' N. Pop. 7 .-,,000. Florence,!. Oneida co. N. Y. 17 m. N. W. Rome. Pop. 640. Florence, p-t. and cap. Lauderdale co. Alabama, on the N. bank of the Tennessee, at the foot of the shoals on the road from Nashville to New- Orleans. It was laid out in 1818, on an elevated plain 100 feet above the river, and is well suppli- ed with water. It lies opposite a fine island in the river, between which and the town is the usu- al channel for boats, and is one mile above the FLO mouth of Cypress creek, which also affords a good harbor. 60 m. N. by E. Cotton-gin-port. Florence, t. Huron co. Ohio. Fop. 405. Florensac, t. France, 16 m. E. by N. Bezeirs. Florenvitte^ t. Netherlands, in Luxemburg, 11 m. N. Neufehateau. Flares, isl. in the Pacific. Lon. 234 3' E. Lat. 49 20' N. Flores, isl. one of the Azores, about 30 miles long and 9 broad. Pop. 13,000 or 14,000. Lon. 31 VV. Lat. 39 34' N. Chief town, Lagens. Flores, or Ende, isl. in the E. Indian sea, about 200 miles long, by 40 or 50 broad. Lon. 120 to 123 C E. Lat. 8 to 9 S. Florida, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 30 m. N. N. E. Lenox. Pop. 431. Florida, p-v, in Warwick, Orange co. N. Y. 4 m. from the village of Warwick. It has about 60 houses, a church, and an academy. Florida, p-t. Montgomery co. N. Y. on the Mo- hawk, 11 m. S. Johnstown, 35 N. W. Albany. Pop. 2,743. It contains 5 churches. Florida, a territory of the U. States, bounded N. by Alabama and Georgia, E. by the Atlantic, S. and W. by the Gulf of Mexico. Formerly the name of Florida was applied to the whole country east of the Mississippi, and bounded as follows : N. by the river St. Mary from the sea to its source, thence W. to the junction of Flint river with the Appalachicola, thence up the Appalachicola to the parallel of 31 N. lat. thence due W. along that parallel to the Mississippi. The river Appala- chicola divided this country into East and West Florida. The part lying between the Mississippi and Pearl river, is now included in the state of Louisiana; the part between Pearl river and the Perdido belongs to the states of Mississippi and Alabama ; and the part east of the Perdido is the country that is now properly called Florida. It is about 350 miles long and 240 wide, and the num- ber of square miles is estimated at 50,000. It lies between 25 and 31 N. lat. and between 80 30' and 87 20 ' W. Ion. The surface of Florida is in general level and not much elevated above the sea. It is intersected by numerous ponds, lakes and rivers, particularly the St. John's river, which runs through nearly the whole length of the pen- insula from S. to. N. A quarry of stone commen- ces at the island of Anastasia and extends to the S. not exceeding 3 miles in width. The stone is a concretion of shells ; it is soft when the quarry is first opened, but becomes hard upon exposure to the air, and is of excellent use in building. The southern part of the peninsula is a mere marsh, and terminates at Cape Sable in heaps of sharp rocks interspersed with a scattered growth of shrubby pines. The Gulf stream setting along the coast has here worn away the land, forming those islands, keys and rocks, known by the gen- eral name of Martyrs and Pinerais and by the Spaniards called cayos, between which and the mainland is a navigable channel. These islands contain some settlements and many good harbors. The eddies which set towards the shore from the Gulf stream cause many shipwrecks on this part of the coast, furnishing employment for the Ba- hama wreckers. The rivers and coasts of Florida yield a variety offish among which are the sheeps- Miullet, trout and bass, and abundance of -\\f-\\ fish, as oysters, shrimps, crabs, &c. The soil "f Florida is in some parts, especially on the banks of the river?, equal to any in the world ; in other FLO 261 parts, it is indifferent ; and there are large tracts which are represented to be of little value. The country, however, has been but imperfectly ex- plored, and few agricultural experiments have been made. Much of the land, which, on a su- perficial view, has been supposed to be not worth cultivating, it is believed may be turned to very profitable account. Owing to its proximity to the sea on both sides this peninsula has a milder cli- mate than the country to the W. of it, in the same latitude. The productions are corn, rice, potatoes, cotton, hemp, olives, oranges, and other tropical fruits, and it is supposed that coffee and the sugar cane will nourish here. The pine barrens pro- duce grass, which supports an immense number of cattle. The forests yield fine live oak, pitch, tar, and turpentine, and lumber has been exported for nearly a century. Among the most fertile lands are Forbes' purchase and the Alachua Savannah. The climate, from October to June, is generally salubrious; but the months of July, August and September, are extremely hot and uncomfortable ; and during this season, fevers are prevalent. At St. Augustine however, the climate is delightful, and this place is the resort of invalids. Florida has often changed masters. Until 1763 it belonged to Spain. It was then ceded to Great Britain ; but in 1783, was restored to Spain, with whom it remained till 1821, when it was ceded to the United States. The white population is compo- sed of Spaniards, English, Scotch, Irish, and Amer- icans. Their number is supposed not to exceed 10 or 15,000, and their settlements are confined to the coast and the banks of the principal rivers. The Seminole Indians formerly possessed the most fertile districts, but in the recent contest with the U. States, they have been scattered and slaughter- ed. The principal island is Amelia island. The principal towns are St. Augustine and Pensacola. The acquisition of Florida is very important to the United States, as it secures the outlet of sev- eral navigable rivers ; excludes foreign powers from a long line of vulnerable frontier ; gives u* numerous ports in the Gulf of Mexico ; brings near the W. India islands, and adds some valua- ble articles to the list of our agricultural products. Florida, p-t. Highland co. Ohio. Florida, Cape, the most easterly point of Flori- da. Lon. 80 37' W. Lat. 25 44' N. Florida, Gulf of, the channel between the pen- insula of Florida and the Bahama islands, N. of the island of Cuba, and through which the gulf stream Florida Keys, or Martyr" 1 * Islands, a number of rocks and sand banks at the S. extremity of E. Florida. The great sand bank extends from the peninsula of Florida inward to the Gulf of Mexi- co, in the form of a hook. Florida, Rio, r. New Spain, which discharges itself into theConchos. Florida Stream, channel which separates the isl- and of Cuba from the coast of Florida, between the gulf of Florida and the gulf of Mexico. Florissant, p-t. St. Louis co. Missouri on Mis- souri river, opposite St. Charles, 16 m. N. W. St. Louis, and 12 m. above Bellefontaine. Flotte, t. France, on the isle of Rhe, 7 m. W. La Rochelle. Pop. 3,000. Flougherty's creek, Va. flows into the Yioughiog- ony a little below the Great Crossings. It passes within a mile of Will's creek a water of the Po- tomac. 262 F O H Floicertou-n, See White Marsh. Floya, t. Oneida co. N. Y. 6 m. N. E. Rome. Pop. 1,498. Iron ore is found here. Floyd, co. Ken. Pop. 8,207 ; slaves 197 ; enga- ged in agriculture 2,463, in commerce 4, in man- ufactures 20. Chief town, Prestonville. At the court-house is a post office. Floyd, co. Indiana. Pop. 2,776 ; engaged in ag- riculture 570, in commerce 38, in manufactures 196. Floyd's, p-v. Buckingham co. Va. Fluelen, v. Switzerland, canton of Schweitz, on the lake of Lucern,2 m. N. Altorf. Flushing, s-p. Netherlands, in the isl. of Wal- cheren, on the N. side of the Scheldt, at its mouth, 28 m. N. E. Ostend. Lon. 3 35' E. Lat. 51 27' N. Pop. 5,700. The approach to the harbor is between two jetties, which break the action of the sea. Inside of the town are two basins, one of such size and depth as to contain a fleet of men of war. Flushing is a noted resort of English smug- glers both in peace and war. Flushing, p-t. Queen's co. N. Y. on Long Island 15 m. E. New- York. Pop. in 1810, 2,230. The village stands on a bay of Long Island sound, and has considerable trade. Flushing is the summer residence of many genteel families from the city of New- York. Flushing, t. Belmont co. Ohio, 12 m. W. St. Clairsville. Pop. 1,197. Fluvanna. See James river. Flui-amta, co. Va. inclosed by Albemarle, Lou- isa, and Goochland counties, and by James river which separates it from Buckingham co. Pop. 6,704 ; slaves 3,206 ; engaged in agriculture 1,980, in commerce 72, in manufactures 109. Chief town, Columbia. Fluvia, r. Spain, which falls into the Mediter- ranean, near Ampurias. Lat. 42 10' N. Fly Island, isl. in the Pacific. Lon. 150 20' W. Lat. 15 S. Foca, small isl. W. Africa, at the mouth of the Calabar river. Fochabers, t. Scotland, in Banff, on the Spey, 9 m. E. Elgin. Fo-chan, t. China, near Canton, and on the banks of the same river, at the head of the tide. Fochea, (an. Phocea,) s-p. Asia Minor, in Nato- lia, at the mouth of the Hermus, in the ulf of Smyrna, 28 m. N. W. Smyrna. Lon. 26 39' E. Lat. 38 44' N. Focsani, t. Eu. Turkey, on the Milkow, which divides it into two parts, the one in Wallachia, the other in Moldavia, 54 m. W. N. W. Galacz. Lon. 27 13' E. Lat. 44 42' N. Foeldwar, t, Hungary, on the Danube, opposite Colocza. Pop. 2,500. Lon. 18 26' 3" E. Lat. 46 48' 25" N. Fogaras, t. Transylvania, on the Aluta, 28 m. W. Cronstadt. Lon. 24 29' 30'' E. Lat. 45 48' 47'' N. Pop. 3,000. Foggia, t. Naples, in Capitanata, without walls citadel, or gates. The square of Foggia, and sev- eral of its streets, are undermined with vaults, where corn is stored and preserved from year to year. 42 m. N. E. Benevento. Lon. 15 U 38' E. Lat 41 25' N. Pop. 17,000. Foggy, Cape, on the N. W. coast of America. Lat. 54 54' N. Foggy Island, near the N. W. coast of America. Lat. 56 10' N. Lon. 202 45' E. Fohr, small isl. Denmark, on the W. coast of Sleswick. Pop. 5,600. Lon. 8 31' E. Lat. 54 44' N. F O O I'oi.c, t. France, cap. of Arriege, on the MV-; Arriege,34 m. S. Toulouse. Pop. 3,600. Fo-kien, province, China, bounded N. by Tche- kiang, E. by the Chinese sea, S. by Quang-tong, and W. by Kiang-si. Considerable commerce is carried on between Fokien and Japan, Formosa, the Philippine islands, Java, Cambodia, and Siam. Fou-tcheou is the capital. Pop. 15,000,000. Foldenjiord, large bay of Norway, in Nord- land. Foleshill, t. Eng. in Warwick, 2 m. N. E. Coven- try. Pop. 3,480. Foligno, t. Ecclesiastical States, 10 m. N. N.W. Spoleto, 15 S. E. Perugia. Pop. 7,000. Folkingham, t. Eng. in Lincolnshire, 27 m. S. Lincoln. Folkstone, or Folkestone, t. Eng. in Kent, with a spacious harbor. The sea is making rapid en- croachments here. Pop. 3,697. 7 m. S. W. Do- ver, 72 E. S. E. London. Folly landing, port of entry, Va. Amount of shipping in 1816, 3,447 tons. Fon. See Bancock. Fondi, t. Naples, in the Terra di Lavoro, on the Garigliano. It is built on the Via Appia, which remains here in its original state. Pop. 5,000. 40 m. W. Capua, 56 E. Rome. Fonddu Lac, a large bay at the W. end of Lake Superior, which receives the river St. Louis. The American Fur Company have an establish- ment on the river, 21 m. above its mouth. Fong-yang, a city of China, of the first rank, in Kiang-nan, on a mountain, near the Yellow river, 340 m. S. Pekin. Lon. 117E. Lat. 32 52' N. Fonia, kingdom of W. Africa, on the Gambia. Fons, t. France, in Lot, 12 m. S. St. Cere. Lon. 22'E. Lat. 44 40' N. Fonseca Bay. See Amapalla. Fontainebleau, t. France, 42 m. S. S. E. Paris, Here is a celebrated royal palace, the general autumnal residence of the kings of France. In its neighbourhood is a forest of nearly 30,000 acres. Fontainebleau has given name to several treaties. Pop. 9,000. Lon. 2 41' E. Lat. 48 24' N. Fontaine V Eveque, t. Netherlands, inHainault, 6 m. W. Charleroi, 25 E. Mons. Lon. 4 21' E. Lat. 50 23' N. Pop. 2,468. Fontaine Francaue, t. France, in Cote d'Or, 10 m. W. N. W. Gray. Pop. 1,050. Fontanella, t. Lombardy, in the Bergamasco, on the Oglio and the Pamenengo, 9 m. N. N. E. Cre- ma. Pop. 2,000. Fonlarabia, (an. Ocaso,} strong t. Spain, in Gui- puscoa, on the frontiers of France. It is one of the keys of the kingdom, and is situated on a small pe- ninsula, on the Bidassoa, 15 m. S. S. E. Bayonne. Lon. 1 47' W. Lat. 43 21' N. Fontenay, v. France, 23 m. S. Auxerre. Fonlenay le Comte, t. France, on the Vendee, 28 m. N. E. La Rochelle. Lon. 0"50' W. Lat. 46 30' N. Pop. 6,520. Fonlenoy, v. Netherlands, in Hainault, 4 m. S. E.Tournay. Fontevrault, t. France, in Maine-and-Loire, 6 m. E. Saumur. Pop. 1,467. Fooladoo, mountainous district, Africa, near the sources of the Senegal, between Kaarta, Konko- doo, Jallonkadoo, and Manding. See Foulahs and Foota Jallo. Foota Jallo, country, W. Africa, situated about the sources of the Gambia, the Rio Grande, and FOR ihe Niger. It is about 350 miles from E. to W. and 200 from N. to S. The inhabitants are Fou- lahs. See Foulahs. The principal towns are Teembob and Laby. Foota Torre, country, W. Africa, between the higher parts of the Senegal and Gambia, and W. of Bondou. It is occupied by Foulahs. Forbes' purchase, a tract of land in Florida, in- cluding nearly the whole of the country between the Apalachicola and the Oke-loch-onne rivers, and extending S. to the gulf of Mexico. It com- prehends some of the best lands in Florida. Forbes^s Islands, 3 islands off the N. E. coast of New Holland. Lat. 12 25' S. Forcado Rio, r. W. Africa, runs into the Atlan- tic, in lat. 6 N. Forcalquier, t. France, in Lower Alps, 20 m. S. W. Sisteron, 34 N. E. Aix. Lon. 5 55' E. Lat. 43 58' N. Pop. 2,547. Forcheim, t. Bavaria, at the conflux of the Wiesent and Regnitz, 14 m. S. Bamberg, 21 N. Nuremberg. Pop. 2,300. Ford, v. Scotland, 10 m. S*. E. Edinburgh. Fords, p-t. Amite co. Mississippi. Foids, t. and cap. Marion co. Mississippi, on Pearl river. Fordingb ridge, t. Eng. in Southampton, on the Avon, 12"m. S. Salisbury. Pop. 2,259. Fordon, t. Prussian Poland, on the Vistula, 7 m. E. by N. Bromberg. Pop. 1,479. Fordicich, v. Eng. in Kent, on the Stour, which is navigable by small vessels. 4 m. N. E. Canter- bury, 58 E. London. Foreland, North, cape, Eng. forming the N. E. extremity of Kent. Here is a light-house. Lon. 1 29' E. Lat. 51 25' N. Foreland, South, cape, Eng. on the E. coast of Kent, between Dover and Deal. Lon. 1 25' E. Lat. 51 12' N. ' Forelands, West, North, and East, 3 points, in Cook's inlet, N.W. coast of America. Lat. 61 4'N. Foreland, South, formerly called Point Pelee, Up. Canada, a point of land, extending into lake Erie, in Essex co. On the E. side is a good har- bor. Forest, isl. Up. Canada, at the mouth of lake Ontario, separated by a narrow channel from Grand island, 9 m. S. Fort Frontinac. Forest, (Black,") or Schwarts-wald, large forest, in the S. W. part of Germany. It is a mountain- ous tract, and runs from N. to S. along the right tide of the Rhine, principally in the grand dutchy of Baden. Foresterton, v. Burlington co. N. J. 15 m. E. Philadelphia, 11 S. Burlington. Forest Towns, The, 4 towns in the Black For- est, in the grand dutchy of Baden. They are Rheinfelden, Seckingen, Lauffenburg, and Wald- shut. Forests, Departments of the, the name until 1814 of a department of the French empire. It now forms the chief part of the grand dutchy of Lux- emburg, in Netherlands. Forester' i Island, in the Pacific, 15m. from the coa?t of Prince of Wales's Archipelago. Lon. 22638'E.Lat.5450 / N. Foret, Baye de, bay, on the W. coast of France. Lon. 3 53' W. Lat. 47 53' N. Forfar, or Angus, co. Scotland, bounded N. by Aberdeen and Kincardine, E. by the German ocean, S. by th* frith of Tay, and W. by Perth co Itcoutiafi977sq. miles, or 625,901 acres. The FOR 263 principal manufacture is linen, of which nearly 11, 000,000 yards are annually exported. Grain, fish, and linen, are the chief exports. Pop. in 1811, 107,578; families, 24,750, of which num- ber 4,980 were engaged in agriculture, and 13,616 in manufactures and trade. Forfar, t. Scotland, cap. of Forfar co. It is a royal borough. Pop. 4,151. 14m. N. Dundee, 54 N. Edinburgh. Forges les Eaux, t. Normandy, 8 m. E. Rouen, Lon. 1 30' E. Lat. 49 38' N. Pop. 1,201. Forio, t. Naples, in the island of Ischia. Pop. 7,300. Fork, p-v. Richland co. S. C. Forked-deer, r. Tennessee, which runs into the Mississippi, between Obrian and Hatchy rivers. Forked-deer, p-v. Madison co. Ten. Forks, t. Northampton co. Pa. Pop. 1,659. Fork Shoals, p-v. Greenville co. S. C. Forli, t. Italy, in the Popedom, at the conflu- ence of the Ronco and the Montone. It is the see of a bishop, and is surrounded by walls. It was entered in 1797 by the French. 14 m. S. S. W. Ra- venna, 33 S. E. Bologna. Lon. 12 1' E. Lat. 44* 13' N. Pop. 15,520. Forlimpopoli, t. Italy, in the Popedom, in Ro- magna, between Forli and Cesena, 3 m. N. Ber- tinero. Pop. 5,800. Formby, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 3 m. fr. Liver- pool. Formentera, (an. Pithyusa Minor,") the second of the Pithyusa islands, separated from Ivica, by a channel 4 miles wide. It belongs to Spain. Lon. r gg, 20 v E Lati 38 o 37/ g,/ N> Formenton, Cape, the N. E. point of Majorca, Lon. 3 13' E. Lat. 39 57 N. Farmery, t. France, in Oise, 24 m. N. W. Beau- vais. Formiche, small islands in the Tuscan sea. Lon. 10 25' E. Lat. 42 40' N. Formigas, or Ants, rocks and islets in the At- lantic to the N. E. of St. Mary island of the Azores, Lon. 24 52' W. Lat. 37 17' W N. Formigny, t. France, 25 m. N. W. Caen. Formosa, Bay, on the E. coast of Africa. Lai. 2 45' S. Formoga, Cape, Malacca, 30 m. S. E. Malacca, Formosa, Rio, r. W. Africa, which runs into the gulf of Benin. According to Rechard's theory, it is the termination of the Niger. Lon. 4 20' E. Lat. 5 40' N. Formosa, called also Warang, isl. W. Africa, in the Archipelago of the Bissagos, 30 miles long, 18 broad. It is fertile, but wants water. Lon. 16 10' W. Lat. 11 30' N. Formosa, isl. in the Chinese sea, separated from Fo-kien in China, by a strait about 60 miles wide. It is 240 miles long from N. to S. and 60 broad in the widest part. The air is pure and wholesome, and the soil fertile, producing corn, rice, tobacco, sugar, pepper, &c. Lon. 120 to 122 E. Lat. 22 5' to 25 20' N. Foronovo, v.Parma, on the Bardone and near the Taro, 8m. W. S. W. Parma. Forres, t. Scotland, in Moray co. It is a royal borough. Pop. 2,925. 12 m. W. Elgin, 212 N. Edinburgh. Forsta, t. Prussia, on the Neisse, 54 m. N. N. E. Dresden. Pop. 1,491. Forster^s Harbor, bay, in Hudson's strait. Lon. 73 30' W. Lat. 62 18' N. Fort Adams. See Loftus heights. Fort Amanda, fort, Allen co. Ohio, on a branch 264 FOR of the Auglaize, 49 m. N. E. Greenville, 129 N. Cincinnati. Fort Ann, p-t. Washington co. N. Y. on lake George, 10 m. N. Sandyhill, 60 N. Albany. Pop. 2,9 1 1. The village is on Wood creek, at the head of navigation, and contains about 40 houses. At this spot, stood Fort Ann, often mentioned in the history of American Wars. Fort Armstrong, military post, U. S. on Rock island, at the foot of rapids in the Mississippi, 2 miles above the mouth of Rock river, 400 m. above St. Louis. In its neighbourhood are a large body of Indians, of the Sack and Fox tribes, who are warlike, and well furnished with horses and fire-arms. Fort Augustus, fort, Scotland, in Inverness, at the extremity of Lochness ; now dismantled. 32 m. S. W. Inverness, 144 N. Edinburgh. Fort Brown, fort, Paulding co. Ohio, 16 m. S. Fort Defiance. Fort Brown, Michigan. Sec Green Bay. Fort Carlos, fort, on an island between the gulf of Venezuela, and lake Maracaybo, 20 m. N. Maracaybo. Fort Charlotte. See Lerwick. Fort Chippewyan, N. America on Athapescow lake. Lon. 1 10 b W. Lat. 58 N . Fort Churchill, fort, and settlement, on the W. coast of Hudson's bay. Lon. 95 W. Lat. 58 50' N. Fort Claiborne, p-t. Monroe co. Alabama, on the E. side of the Alabama, at the head of schoon- er navigation, 60m. above its junction with the Tombigbee, 25 E. St. Stephens. Its site is on a high bluff commanding a fine prospect. Fort Clarke, fort, Illinois, on the W. side of Illi- nois river. Lat. 40 40' N. Fort Coring/on, p-t. Franklin co. N. Y. on St. Lawrence river, at the mouth of Salmon creek, 235 m. N. Albany. Pop. 979. The village of French mills stands on the creek, at the head of navigation. Fort Crawford. See Prairie du Chien. Fort Crevecoeur, fort, on the coast of Florida. Lon. 85 30' W. Lat. 29 51' N. fort Culonge, fort, Lower Canada, on the Ot- tawa river, 170 m. W. Montreal. Fort Dauphin, fort, on the S. E. coast of Mada- gascar. Lon. 47 E. Lat. 25 S. Fort Dearborn, military post of the U. S. on the S. side of Chicago river, i a mile from its entrance into lake Michigan, 20 m. from the S. end of the lake, 220 from Fort Howard. Lat. 41 53' 1 1" N. It is on a tract of land, 6 miles square, relinquish- ed by the Potawattamy Indians to the U. S. Be- sides the garrison and other persons in the em- ployment of the Government, there are here a few families of French, intermarried with Indians. Fort Defiance, fort, Williams co. Ohio, at the junction of the Auglaize and Maumee rivers, 50 m. S. W. FortMeigs, 16 N. Fort Brown. Fort Defiance, p-v. Wilkes co. N. C. Fort Dummer. See Hinsdate. Fort Edward, p-t. in Argyle, Washington co. N. Y.on the Hudson, near the great bend, 16 m. from lake George, 22 from lake Champlain, 50 N.Albany. Pop. 1,631. It is the depot for the lumber which is rafted down the river. The New- York Northern canal from lake Champlain, opens into the Hudson at this place, through a lock. A dam has here been recently finished across the river, for the purpose of supplying the canal vith water. It is 900 feet long and 30 feet high. FOR The old fort is now demolished. In the Ameri- can wars, it was an important military station, controlling the communication between the I lud- son, lake Champlain, and lake George. Fort Erie. See Erie. Fort Ferree, fort, Ohio, in Upper Sandusky, on Sandusky river, 40m. S. Fort Stephenson. Fort de Fuentes, fort, Italy, at the point where the Adda enters the lake of Coino. Fort Games, fort, Geo. on the E. side of Chata- hoochee river, between lat. 31 and 32 N. Fort George, fort, Scotland, in Inverness, on the S. side of Moray frith, 12 m. N. E. Inverness, 165 N.Edinburgh. Lat. 57 32' N. Fort George, v. and fort, in Newark, Lincoln co. Up. Canada, on Niagara river, a mile from its mouth. The village contained, before the late war, a council-house, court-house, and jail, and 2 churches. The bank of the river, at the site of the fort, is 34 feet high. Fort George, v. in Caldwell, Warren co. N. Y. at the S. end of lake George, 59 m. N. Albany. The ruins of the old fort are still to be seen. It was built of stone, and stood near Fort William- Henry. Fort George, isl. on the E. coast of Florida, N. of the entrance of St. John's river. Fort Gratiot, military post, Michigan territory, on St. Clair river, which defends the entrance into lake Huron. It stands a little below the mouth of the lake. Opposite the fort, and for a mile below, there is a strong current in the river. Fort Harmar. See Marietta. Fort Harrison, p-t. and cap. Sullivan co. In- diana, on the E. side of the W abash, 65 m. above Vincennes. Fort Hawkins, p-t. Jones co. Geo. on a healthy spot about 1 m. E. of Oakmulgee river, 30 m. W. Milledgeville. In the vicinity are several ancient mounds. Fort Howard, a military post of the U. S. in Green bay settlement, Michigan Territory, at the mouth of Fox river, 184 m. S. W. Mackinaw, 220 N. Chicago, 360 by Fox and Ouisconsin rivers to Prairie du Chien. The present, fort is on a low sandy spot, on the N. side of Fox river. $ a mile from its mouth ; but a new stone fort is now con- structing, on a beautiful rising ground, on the S. side of the river, 3 miles above the old fort. The number of the garrison is 600. Fort Independence, fort, on Castle island, in Boston harbor. Fort Jackson, p-t. Montgomery co. Alabama, in the forks of the Coosa and Tallapoosa rivers Fort James, fort, Geo. on the W. side of tho Alatamaha. P'ortJejfferson,v.Darke co. Ohio, 5 m. S. Green- ville. Fort Jennings, fort, Ohio, 18m. S. Fort Amanda. Fort Knox, fort, Indiana, on White river. Fort Laurence, fort, Geo. on the W. side ol Flint river, 31 m. S. W. Fort Hawkins. Fort Ligonier, fort, Pa. 50 m. E. Pittsburg. Fort Loramie, fort, Ohio, on the head waters of the Great Miami. Lon. 84 17' W. Lat. 40 16' N. Fort Louis, or Fort Vauban, an important bar- rier fortress in the N. E. part of France, on an isl- and formed by the Rhine, 12m. E. Haguenau, 18 N. N.E. Strasburg. Fort Macarthur, fort, Logan co. Ohio, 24m. N. Urbanna. Fort Macintosh, fort, Pa. on the Ohio, 25 m. N. W. Pittsburgh. FOR Furl Maiden. See Amherstburg. FortMassac, fort, Randolph co. Illinois, on the Ohio, 38 m. fr. the Mississippi. Fort Meigs, p-t. Wood co. Ohio, on the S. E. bank of the Maumee, a few miles from its mouth, 70 m. S. Detroit, 36 N. W. Fort Stephenson. In 1813, the British and Indians laid siege to this fort, but were obliged to abandon it. Fort Meuron, Up. Canada, station of the Hud- son Bay Company, on the N. bank of a river which empties into Lake Superior at Fort William 20 miles below. Fort Miller, p-v. in Argyle, Washington co. N. Y. on the Hudson. Fort Mitchell. See Cowela. Fort Montgomery, p-t. Clarke co. Alabama, 12 m. E. N. E. Fort Stoddert. Fort Moose, fort, at the S. extremity of James Bay, in Hudson's Bay, at the mouth of Moose river. Fort Pickering, fort, Tennessee, on the Missis- sippi, at Chickasaw bluff. Fort Portage, fort, Upper Canada, on the Otta- wa river, 120 m. W. Montreal. Fort Portage, Ohio, 18 m. S. Fort Meigs. Fort Recovery, Ohio, on a branch of the Wa- bash, 23 m. N. Greenville. Fort Royal, s-p. on the S. coast of Martinico isl- and. Lon.61W. Lat.l4 34' N. Pop. about 10,000. Fort Royal, fort, on the W. coast of Martinico isl. Fort Royal, s-p. Jamaica, on the S. side of the island, in which a thousand sail of ships could an- chor with the greatest convenience and safety. It once contained 2,000 houses ; but, in June 1692, a dreadful earthquake buried nine-tenths of it eight fathoms under water. They, however, re- built the town ; but about ten years after, it was laid in ashes by a terrible fire, and in 1722, one of the most dreadful hurricanes ever known reduced it a third time to a heap of rubbish. Though once a place of the greatest wealth and importance in the West Indies, it is now reduced to three streets, a few lanes, and about 200 houses. It still con- tains, however, the royal navy-yard, the navy hospital, and barracks for a regiment of soldiers. The fortifications are kept in excellent order, and are remarkably strong. 10 m. S. W. Kingston. L on. 77 W. Lat. 17 50 ; N. Fort St. Clair, Preble co. Ohio, m. fr. Eaton. Fort St. David, t. Hind, on the coast of the Car- natic, the emporium of the country for fine dimi- ties and printed cottons. 15 m. S. S. W. Pondi- eherry, 100 S. S. W. Madras. Lon.7957'E. Lat. 1146'N. Fort St. George. See Madras. Fort St. Juan, fort, Mexico, in New Leon,onthe -lei Norte. Lon. 101 W. Lat. 29 N. Fort St. Julian, fort, Portugal, on the N. side of the Tagus, 9 m. below Lisbon. Fort St. Mary, fort, Allen co. Ohio, on St.Mary's river, 12 m. S. Fort Amanda. Fort St. Mary's, fort, Louisiana, on the E. side of the Mississippi, 6 m. S. E. New Orleans. Fort St. Philip, p-t. and fort, Placquemine co. Louisiana, on the E. side of the Mississippi, at the Placquemine bend, 30 m. above the Balize. Fort St. Stephens. See 67. Stephens. Fort Schuyler. See Utica. Fort Seneca, p-t Seneca co. Ohio, on Sandusky river, 30m.fr. its mouth. Fort Smith, or Belle Point, U. S. fort and the seat of justice of Crawford co. Arkansas, on the S. ude of the Arkansas at the junction of the riv- 34 F O S 265 er Poteau. The Arkansas is navigated by steam- boats from its mouth to this place, a distance of more than 500 miles. The fort is built on a fine minence about 50 feet above the level of the riv- er, and the surrounding country is very fertile , The number of the garrison is about 70. Fort Stanwix. See Rome. Fort Stephenson, fort, Ohio, on the W. side oi Sandusky river, 18m. fr. its mouth. Fort Stoddert, p-t. and cap. Baldwin co. Ala- bama, on the W. side of Mobile river, at the head of sloop navigation, 44 m. above its mouth. The settlements around it are numerous and wealthy. Fort Strother, Alabama, on the W. side of Coo- sa river, 60 m. above Fort Williams, 107 above Fort Jackson. Fort Victoria. See Bancot. Fort Wayne, Indiana, at the junction of St. Ma- ry's river with the Maumee, opposite the mouth of St. Josephs. The Baptist mission which was maintained here is now fixed among the Putawa- tamies and the Ottawas in Michigan territory. Fort William, fort, Scotland, in Inverness, at the E. extremity of Loch Linnhe ; now disman- tled. 39 m. N.W. Tyndrum,128 N.W. Edinburgh. Fort William. See Calcutta. Fort William, Up. Canada, station ot the N.W. Fur Company, on the N. bank of the Kaminiti- cuvia, which is here half a mile wide, and empties into Lake Superior a mile below the fort. Lon, 90" W. Lat. 48 N. Fort Williams, Alabama, on the E. side of the Coosa, 57 m. above the junction of the Tallapoosa. Forlescue Bay, in the straits of Magellan. Lon, 73 22' W. Lat. 53 39' S. Fortessa, isl. in the gulf of Venice. Lon. 14 48.' E. Lat. 44 40' N. Forleventura, or Feurteventura, one of the Canary islands, 50 miles long, and 24 broad. It contains large sandy plains, similar to those in the neighbouring part of the African continent. In those spots which are well watered, vegetation is most luxuriant, and corn is produced in abun- dance. Pop. about 9,000. Lon. 14 W. Lat. 28 S. Forth, r. Scotland, and the largest in Great Britain, rises in the N. W. part of Stirlingshire* and runs into the German ocean by a broad mouth, called the Frith of Forth, about 20 m. be- low Edinburgh. The tide flows up between 70 and 80 miles, and the river is connected by a nav- igable canal with the Clyde. Fortified Island, isl. in the E. Indian sea, oft the coast of Canara.' Lon. 74 27' E. Lat.l416' No Fortrose, t. Scotland, in Ross co. on the N. side of the Moray frith, 10m. N. E. Inverness, 167 N. Edinburgh. Lon. 4 5' W. Lat. 57 34' N. Fortune,bay,m the S.W. part of Newfoundland. Forza, La, t. Sicily, 3 m. S. Messina. Fos di Novo, t. Sardinian states, 55 m. E. S. E, Genoa. Fossa Nuova, v. Italy, on the ruins of the ancient Appii Forum, 2 m. S. Piperno. Fossano, t. Piedmont, on the Stura, and on a ca- nal which unites that river with the Po. Pop. 14,000. 10 m. N. E. Coni, 25 S. Turin. Fossato, t. Italy, 55 m. W. Ancona. Fosse au Mortier, lake of France, llm. from Mezieres. Fosses, t. Netherlands, 7 m. S. W. Namur. Fossombrone, (an. Forum Sempronii,} t. Italy, in Urbino, 110m. N. Rome. Pop. 3,500. Foster, p-t. Providence co. R. I, 15 m. W. Prov* 266 F O U Pop. 2,900. It is watered by several streams, and has numerous sites for mills and man- ufactories. Fas/. . Sussex co. N. J. Fotheringuy, \. Eng. in Northamptonshire, on the .Nen, 10 m. IV. Stamford. Fotheringay, p-v. Montgomery co. Va. nit, seigniory, Bedford co. Lower Canada, Fougeray, t. Franco, in Ille-and-Vilaine, 21 m. N. E. iledon. POP. 4,2 Fougcres,t. France, on the Couesnow, 25 m. S. E. AvranehfcX v>r. :,. P. Rennes. Pop. 7,300. Fouserolles, t. France, in Mayenne, 17 m. N. W. Mayenne. Pop. 1,S14. Fouin, territory, W. Africa, N. of Ardrah. Fmda* one of the Shetland islands, supposed to be the Ultima Tfiule of the ancients, 16 in. from Mainland. Lat. 60 6' N. Fiiulahs. a race of negroes, very widely diffused out VV. Africa. Their most powerful kingdom is Foota Jallo, south of the Gambia ; they posses? also Fooladoo, near the sources of the Senegal ; Bondou and Foota Torra, between the Senegal and Gambia ; the kingdom of the Seratic, on the lower part of the Senegal ; Masina, on the Niger, between Bambarra and Tombuctoo ; and Wassela, S. of the upper part of the Niger. Be- sides these kingdoms, in which they hold the en- tire sovereignty, detached districts of all the king- doms in this part of Africa, are occupied by Fou- lahs, who pay to the sovereign a rent or tax for the use of the land. The Foulahs are of a grace- ful and manly form, and of a peculiarly polished and insinuating air. They are Mahometans, but do not observe the rules of that religion with strictness. The employment is chiefly pasturage. They are celebrated for the mildness and gentle- ness of their demeanour ; so that in many parts of Africa, it is considered infamous to injure a Fou- lah. They are hospitable,humane,and industrious. Foul Bay, on the S. coast of Java. Lon. 113 45' E. Lat. 8 38' S. Foalis. Wester, v. Scotland, in Perthshire. Foulkstow.", p-t. Columbiana co. Ohio. Foulness, isl. Eng. on the coast of Essex, 5 m. from Rochfort. Foul Point, cape, on the N. coast of New Guin- ea. Lon. 132 36' E. Lat. 046' S. Foulsham, v. Eng. 1 1 m. N. Dereham. Foul-weather^ Cape, cape, N. W. coast of Ameri- ca. Lon. 236 4' W. Lat. 44 49' N. Fourali, bay, Sierra Leone, within the juris- diction and in the immediate vicinityof Freetown. Fouras, t. France, near the mouth of the Cha- rente, 1 1 m. S. la Rochelle. Fourchf a Cado, t. Arkansas T^ufcory, on a branch of Wachilta river. It contains about 75 families. Here is a saline, from which the settle- ments gouthofArkansas river are supplied with salt. ('ourcorners, p-v. Lincoln co. Maine. Four-corners, p-v. Oswego co. N. Y. 14 m. from Rotterdam. Fourcortiers, p-v. Huron co. Ohio. Fourcroy's Island, small isl. off the S. W. coast of New Holland. Lon. 137 E. Lat. 36 26' S. Foure, or Fore, v. Ireland, in Westmeath, 40 m. N. W. Dublin. Fourmcntieres, t. France, in Mayenne, 3 m. N. E. Chateau Gontier. Four mile branch, p-v. Barnwell co. S.C. Fournis, cluster of islands in the Archipelago, aetween Samos and Nicaria. F R A Fournoyer, 'fief, Devon co. Lower Canada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 32 m. E. Quebec. Fourque, t. Macedon, 9 m. N. Cassandra, 56 S S. E. Saloniki. Foutsemt, t. France, in Upper Garonne, 6 m. W. Rieux, 27 S. W. Toulouse. Pop. 1,407. Fowey, s-p. Eng. in Cornwall, on the W. bankol the Fowey. The harbor is spacious and secure. Pop. 1,319. 22 m. E. N. E. Truro, 59 S. W. Ex- eter, 239 W. S. W. London. Fowey, or Foway, r. Eng. in Cornwall, which rises about 4 m. S.E. Camelford, and runs into the English channel, a little below the town of Fowey. Fowler, p-t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. Pop. 605. Fowler, t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 10 m. N. E. War- ren. Pop. 410. Fowler's Bay, bay, on the S. coast of New Hol- land, in Ion. 132 27' E. lat. 32" 1' S. Fexboroughi p-t. Norfolk co. Mass. 15 m. S. VV. Dedham, 26 S. S. W. Boston. Pop. 1,004. Fox, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. Pop. 264. Fox, Cape, cape, on the N. W. coast of America. Lat. 54 45' N. Fox creek, r. N. Y. which runs into Schoharie creek, at Schoharie. Foxcroft, t. Penobscot co. Maine, 35 m. N. W. Bangor. Pop. 211. Fox Islands. See Aleutian Islands. Fox Islands, 2 islands in Lake Michigan, 57 ra. S. W. Mackinaw. Fox Islands, small islands on the S. side of the gulf of St. Lawrence Lon. 59 10' W. Lat.51 N. Fox River, r. Canada, which runs into the gulf of St. Lawrence, 9 m. N. N. VV. Cape Rosieres. Fox river, Illinois. See Dupage. Fox river, Illinois, falls into the Wabash, 15 m. above its mouth. Fox river, a large river, which falls into the S. W. end of Groen Bay, in Michigan Territory. It is one of the best routes of communication be- tween the lakes and the river Mississippi. From the mouth of the river, for about 20 miles, there are some obstructions in the navigation, but boats surmount these, and ascend to the portage 180 miles. The portage between Fox and Ouisconsin rivers is If miles, over a level prairie, which is sometimes inundated, and passed in boats. Fox river, in its course, expands into many large lakes, the largest of which is Winnebago. In some of these lakes, and in many parts of the channel of the river, wild rice abounds. Several villages of the Winnebago Indians are scattered along the banks of the river. The mouth of the river is 400 yards wide, and 3 fathoms deep. Here is a fort,(see FortHoward,} and a settlement of whites, (see Green nay) The N. fork of Fox river, and also the du Loup one of its northern branches, are connected by short portages, with the rivers of Lake Superior. Foxford, t. Ireland, in Mayo, on the Moy, 12m. fr. Castlebar. Foyers. See Fyers. Foyle, r. Ireland, which, after passing London- derry, expands into a fine spacious bay, called Lough Foyle. Foz, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, at the conflux of the Zatas and the Tagus, 24 m. N. E. Lisbon. Fraga, t. Spain, in Arragon, on the Cinca, 63m. ^ossa, 30 S. Balbasfro. Fragola, t. Italy, 7 m. N. N. E. Naples. Pop. 12,700. Frails, rocks, on the S. coast of Ireland, 12m. S.W.Carnaore point. Lon. 6 34' W. Lat. 526' N. F R A Framingham, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. 22 m. W. 3. W. Boston. Pop. 2,037. Framlingham, t. Eng. in Suffolk, 18 m. N. E. Ipswich. Frampton, t. Dorchester and Hertford counties, Lower Canada, on Chaudiere river, 40m. S. Quebec. Francaise, La, t. France, in Tarn-and-Garonne, lira. N. by W. Montauban. Pop. 3,203. Francavitta, t. Naples, in Otranto, 15 m. E. N. E. Tarento, 20 W. Brindisi. Pop. 1 1,000. Francaiilla, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra, 12 m. W. N. W. Taormina. France, country, Europe, bounded N. W. by the English channel ; N.E. by the Netherlands ; E. by Germany and Switzerland ; S. E. by Italy ; S. by the Mediterranean and Spain ; and W. by the bay of Biscay. It lies between 43 and 51 N. lat. and is particularly fortunate in its frontier, having strong natural barriers in the Pyrenees, the Alps, the ridge of Jura, and the Vosges ; it is open only on the side of the Netherlands. Its length, from E. to W. is 650 miles ; its breadth, from N. to S. about 560; its superficial extentabout 200,000 sq. miles, or 128,000,000 acres. Before the revolution, France was divided into 32 provinces. Different provinces had different rates of taxation, and custom-houses were erect- ed along the frontier roads, as if they had been distinct governments. All these are now done away, local privileges are abrogated, taxes equal- ized, and the whole country divided into depart- ments, with similar rights and privileges. Each department is divided into arrondissements, each arrondissement into cantons, and each canton into communes. The number of departments (inclu- ding Corsica) is 86, of arrondissements, 368, of cantons, 2,669, of communes, 38,990. The; for- eign possessions of France are in the W. Indies, Martinique, Guadaloupe, and Cayenne ; in Afri- ca, Goree, and the factories at the mouth of the Senegal ; in the Indian ocean, the isle of Bourbon ; on the mainland of India, Pondicherry and some smaller factories. In regard to climate and soil, France, though on the whole a favored country, labors under many inequalities. The principal productions in the north are wheat, barley, oats, pulse, and pota- toes ; in the south, corn, particularly maize, also vines, mulberries, arid olives. The annual pro- duce of the iron mines is computed at 200,000 ton a year. Coal mines are not wanting, but the common fuel is wood. Notwithstanding the wars and civil troubles of the revolution, the popula- tion has been in a state of progressive increase : in 1789, France contained 26,300,000 inhab- itans, in 180.5, 27,700,000; and in 1817, above 29,000,000. The constitution of France, since 1814, resem- bles in its forms that of Britain, the king being a limited monarch, and infallible in the eye of the law, the responsibility for public measures resting with his ministers. The royal title is king of France and Navarre ; and females are still exclu- ded from the succession to the crown. The French cabinet consists of the keeper of the seals, thr ministers of foreign affairs, of finance, of po- lice, of war, of the navy and colonies, of the Department, and the head of the king's household. The royal prerogative is nearly the same as in England ; but in France, the king ex- clusively ha? the right of bringing in bills in par- liament, The chamber of peers comprises above F R A 267 200 members, who possess privileges similar to those of the peerage in England ; their number is unlimited : the grant of titles is vested in the king ; the dignity hereditary. No clerical digni- taries have seats in the legislature. The house of commons, or chamber of deputies, are elected by the people : the number returned may in some measure be altered at the will of the king ; at pre- sent it is only 256. The only qualification for a voter is the payment of 12/. of annual taxes. For a deputy, the requisites are, that he shall be of the age of 40, and pay taxes to the amount of 40Z. a year. One fifth of the chamber of depu- ties is re-elected annually, the whole being thus changed in five years. There is considerable freedom of the press in France, with the excep- tion of the newspapers, which are subjected to the previous inspection of government officers. The French funds have risen very considerably since 1815, though they are still greatly below the price of stocks in England and Holland. The na- tional debt amounts, after completing the contri- butions to the allies, to nearly 200 millions ster- ling. The annual expenditure is 29,394, 000^; of which sum 11,500,000 are on account of the na- tional debt, 7,000,000 for the army, and 2,000,000 for the navy. The revenue is 30,380,000*.; of which about 10,000,000 arises from a tax on hou- ses and lands, 7,000,000 from a tax on sales of lands and houses, and only 1,600,000 from cus- toms. The following computation of the rent of land and houses in France, is founded on an offi- cial report made to the French government in 1817. France contains, exclusive of Corsica, 128,172,992 English acres. Of these, the follow- ing are liable to taxation : Rents. 24,007,640 2,938,520 7,390,400 1,812,800 3,442,660 1,071,480 201,520 1 Arable land, Land in imderwood, Meadow land, Pasture land, - - Vineyards, - - Land in orchards, Forest land, - &ng, acres. 55,600,000 12,656,790 8,612,345 8,703,703 4,881,481 886,419 1,135,800 Total rent of land, 40,864,920 The remainder is either wholly uncultivated, or so little productive as not to be subject to tax- ation. Buildings liable to taxation. Rents. Dwelling-houses, small and great, - - 5,431,000 20,207,720 Mills, - - - 76,000 738,000 Manufacturing establish- ments, 4 - 35,600 300,3 fiO Churches and other build- ings not liable to taxa- tion, - - - 58,000 The French army, which under Bonaparte was in peace above 400,000, and in war nearly 600,000 effective men, is now on a very different footing : many of the old soldiers perished in the disastrous years of 1812, 1813, 1814, and 1815; others re- ceived their discharge, in consequence of their at- tachment to their late commander ; and consider- able difficulty has been experienced in carrying the army to a peace establishment of 120,000 men. The total military force, legions, guards, and ar- tillery, is about 90,000 men. The navy consists of about 40 ships of the line, and 40 frigates. Brest and Toulon are the great naval ports, but Roche- 268 R A fort is likewise a station of consequence, as is also Cherburg, since the immense expenditure on its basins and docks. The inhabitants of France are Catholics, with the exception of from two to three millions of Pro- testants, and about 60,000 Jews. Before the rev- olution, there were 18 archbishops, and 112 bish- ops : these were subsequently reduced to 9 arch- bishops, and 41 bishops. It is now in contempla- tion to increase their number. Before the revolu- tion, there were in France, 23 universities. The present plan of education embraces a regular gra- dation of schools, from universities down to prima- ry schools. The following is the return made in 1815, of the public seminaries and number of pu- pils throughout France : Seminaries. Pupils. Universities, - - 26 6,329 Lycees, or royal colleges, - - 36 9,000 Secondary schools, - - 368 28,000 Divinity schools of the 2d class, - 41 5,233 Boarding schools, - - 1,255 39,623 Primary schools, - - - 22,300 737,379 Literary associations are very numerous in France: at the bead of these stands the institute at Paris, divided since 1815 into 4 academies. The chief commercial harbors of France are Bourdeaux, Marseilles, Nantes, Havre de Grace, St. Maloes, and L'Orient. Marseilles trades part- ly with the West Indies, more with the Levant ; Bordeaux with the East and West Indies, and with the north of Europe, to a great extent in wine. Nantes has also a share of the colonial and wine trade. Havre is the seaport of Paris. The other ports are inconsiderable. In manufactures, the French have long been noted for the durability and fineness of their woollens : linen is also a staple article, particularly in the north of France. In hardware they are greatly deficient ; but in silk they support, particularly at Lyons, their former reputation. The cotton manufactures are of late introduction, and maintain with difficulty a com- petition with England. There is very little paper money in France; almost all business being trans- acted by gold and silver. France, Isle of, before the revolution, a province of France. It comprised Paris, and is now divided into the departments of the Aisne, Oise, Seine, Seine-and-Oise, and Seine-and-Marne. France, Isle of. See Mauritius. Frances, or Port Francis, harbour, Venezuela, near Cape Codera. Franceslown, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H. on Contoocook river. 12 m. N. W. Amherst, 20 S. W. Concord. Pop. 1,479. Franche Comte, or Upper Burgundy, before the revolution, a province of France adjacent to Switzerland. It now forms the three departments of the Doubs, Jura and Upper Saone. Its capital was Besancon. Franchimont, t. Netherlands, 13 m. S. E. Liege. Francis, t. St. Genevieve co. Missouri. Francis, Point, cape on the N. W. coast of A- merica. Lat. 48 44' N. Francisco Rio, large r. Brazil, which rises m Mi- nas Geraes, and after a course of about 800 miles, falls into the Atlantic in lat. 6 55' S. forming the boundary between the provinces of Bahia and Pernambuco. Francois, t. Wayne co. Missouri. Francois, Cape, the N. point of Kerguelen'a F R A Francois, Cape. See Cape Henry. Franconia, one of the 10 circles into which the German empire was formerly divided, containing 11,000 square miles, and 1,500,000 inhabitant*. It is now divided between Bavaria, Wirtemberg, Baden, the house of Hesse, and the house of Saxc. Nuremburg is the centre of its manufactures and its principal city. Franronia, p-t. Grafton co. N. H. 14 m. N. E. Haverhill. Pop. 373. There are two manufac- tures of iron in the N. W. part of this town, on a branch of the Ammonoosuck river. The New- Hampshire Iron Factory Company was incorpo- rated in 1805, and is composed principally of Bos- ton and Salem gentlemen. Their establishment is very extensive, consisting of a blast furnace, an air furnace, a steel furnace, a forge and a trip- hammer shop. About 12 or 15 tons of iron are made in a week. The ore is obtained from a mountain about 3 miles from the furnace, and is considered the richest in the United States ; and the mine is said to be inexhaustible. There is al- so a large bed of coal belonging to the company within a short distance of the works. The other factory belonging to the Haverhill and Franconia Company is not so extensive. Franconia, t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop. 847. Francourville, t. France, 10 m. N. Paris. Franeker, t. Netherlands, in Friesland. Pop. 3,900. It has an Athenaeum, or academy for the education of youth. 9 m. W. Leeuwarden, 5 E. Harlingen. Frankenberg, t. Saxony, on the Zschopau, 7 m. N. N. E. Chemnitz, 9 W. Freyberg. Lon. 12 59 E. Lat. 50 50' N. Pop. 3,000. Frankenberg, t. Hesse-Cassel, on the Eder, 35 m, S. W. Cassel. Pop. 2,68 1 . Frankenhausen, t. Germany, in Schwartzburg- Rudolstadt, 26 m. N. Erfurt. Lon. 11 10' E. Lat. 51 16' N. Pop. 3,000. Frankenstein, t. Prussian-Silesia, on the Baut- za, 9 m. W. Munsterburg. Lon. 1642'E. Lat. 51 25' N. Pop. 4,150. Frankenthal, t. Bavarian province of the Rhine, 12 m. N.W. Heidelberg. Pop. 3,500. Frankfard, t. Sussex co. N. J. bordering ou Newtown. Pop. 2,008. Frankford, p-t. Philadelphia co. Pa. on a small creek, which rung into the Delaware, l miles be- low ; 5 m. N. E. Philadelphia. Pop. 1,405. It contains 2 churches, 1 Episcopal and 1 Lutheran. The Society of Friends have established in this town their Asylum for the Insane, and have erect- ed a spacious and commodieus building. Frankford, t. Cumberland co. Pa. Pop. 1,274. Frankford, p-t. Hampshire co. Va. on a creek which runs into the Potomac, 13 m. N. W. Rom- ney, 4 S. of the Potomac. Frankfort on tfte Maine, a large city of Germa- ny, and now the permanent seat of the Germanic diet, is on both sides of the Maine, 20 m. above its influx into the Rhine. Pop. 41,500, of whom about 9,000 are Jews. The Catholics have here 9 churches, the Lutherans 7, the Calvinists 2. The Jews lived formerly in a quarter blocked up at one end and regularly shut at night, but since 1796 they are at liberty to live in other parts of the town. Frankfort is the seat of an extensive printing business ; but ita great distinction is its commercial activity, aided by the navigation of the Rhine and Maine, as well as by the two great fairs held here annually in spring and autumn. Frankfort has long been a free city. Its constitu- F R A 269 tion is a mixture of democracy and aristocracy, affording a perfect equality to the different denom- inations of Christians. The town possesses an ad- jacent territory of 1 10 square miles, with a popu- lation of 48,000 ; its yearly revenue is 80,000 sterling. 20 m. E. N. E. Mentz, 50 S. E. Cologne. Lon. 8 36' E. Lat. 50 7 N. Frankfort on the Oder, t. Prussia, cap. of the Middle Mark of Brandenburg. Pop. 12,000. It has a university, and three annual fairs. 12 m. S. S. W. Custrin, 48 E. Berlin. Lon. 14 33' E. Lat. 52 22' N. Frankfort, p-t. Hancock co. Maine, on the W. side of Penobscot river, at the head of winter nav- igation, 26 m. N. Castine, 12 S. Bangor. Pop. 2", 127. Frankfort, t. Herkimer co. N. Y. on Mohawk river. Pop. 1,860. Frankfort, p-t. Franklin co. Ken. and cap. of the State, is regularly laid out on the E. side of Ken- tucky river, 60 miles above its confluence with the Ohio, 22 m. W. N. W. Lexington, 51 E. Lou- isville, 102 S. S. W. Cincinnati. Lon. 84 40' W. Lat. 38 15' N. It contains a state-house, 86 feet by 54 ; a court-house, a penitentiary, containing from 70 to 100 convicts ; a jail, a bank, an acad- emy, a market-house, a theatre, 3 printing offices, 2 churches, and several rope-walks, and other manufactories. The site of the town is a semicircular alluvial plain, from 150 to 200 feet lower than the table land in its rear. The river is here about 80 yards wide, and after heavy rains, frequently rises 60 feet Opposite Frankfort, and connected with it by a bridge, is South Frankfort, which is rapidly increasing. Steam-boats of 300 tons come up the river as far as this place, when the water is high, and most of the foreign goods consumed in Ken- tucky are landed here, or at Louisville. Pop. 1,679. Frankfort, t. Guernsey co. Ohio, 15 m. E. Cam- bridge. Frankland's Islands, off the N. E. coast of New Holland. Lat. 17 12 S. Franklin, co. Vt. on Lake Champlain, bounded N. by Canada, E. by Orleans co. S. by Chittenden co. and W. by Lake Champlain. Pop. 17,192; engaged in agriculture 2,085, in commerce 38, in manufactures 471. Chief town, St. Albans. Franklin, t. Franklin co. Vt. Pop. 631. Franklin, co. Mass, on both sides of Connecti- cut river, bounded N. by Vermont and New- Hampshire, E. by Worcester co. S. by Hampshire co. and W. by Berkshire co. Pop. 29,268 ; enga- ged in agriculture 5,617, in commerce 97, in man- ufactures 1,010. Chief town, Greenfield. Franklin, t. Norfolk co. Mass. 8 m. S. W. Ded- ham, 26 S. W. Boston. Pop. 1,630. Franklin, p-t. New-London co. Ct. on the W. side of the Shetucket, adjoining Norwich. Pop. 1,161. Franklin, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Canada, E. by Clinton and Essex cos. S. by Essex and Ham- ilton cos. W. by St. Lawrence co Pop. 4,439 ; engaged in agriculture 1,250, in commerce 12, in manufactures 151. Chief town, Malone. Franklin, p-t. Delaware co. N. Y. on the Sus- quehanuah, N. of Delhi, adjoining. Pop. 2,481. Franklin,!. Somerset co. N. J. Pop. 3,701. Franklin, t. B-i-gen co. N. J. Pop. 2,968. ''in, t. G loucester co. N. J. Pop. 1,137. Frttniclin, co. Pa. bounded N. by Cumberland co. E. by Adams co. S. by Maryland, and W. by Bedford and Mifflin eos. Pop. 31,892 ; engaged in agriculture 4,505, in commerce 234, in manu- factures 1,597. Chief town, Chambersburg. Franklin, t. Franklin co. Pa. Pop. 2,405. Franklin, p-t. and cap. Venango co. Pa. at the junction of French creek with the Alleghany, 25 m. S. E. Meadville, 70 N. Pittsburg. Pop. 252. Franklin, t. Adams co. Pa. Pop. 1,456. Franklin, t. Bradford co. Pa. Pop. 297. Franklin, t. Huntingdon co. Pa. Pop. 870. Franklin, t. Fayette co. Pa. Pop. 1,749. Franklin, t. Greene co. Pa. Pop. 1,591. Franklin, college. See Lancaster, Pa. Franklin, t. Westmoreland co. Pa. Pop. 1,757, Franklin, t. York co. Pa. Pop. 973, Franklin, co. Va. inclosed by Bedford, Pittsyl- vania, Henry, Patrick, Montgomery, and Bote- tourt counties. Pop. 12,017; slaves 3,747; enga- ged in agriculture 3,692, in commerce 23, in man- ufactures 339. Chief town, Rocky Mount. Franklin, p-t. Pendleton co. Va. on the S. branch of the Potomac, 40 m. S. W. Moorfields. Franklin, t. Russel co. Va. Franklin, co. N. C. inclosed by Greenville, Johnston, Warren, Wake, and Orange counties. Pop. 9,741 ; slaves 4,709 ; engaged in agriculture 3,108, in commerce 9, in manufactures 130. Chief town, Lewisburg. Franklin, co. Geo. in the Western district, bounded N. E. by Tuguloo river, which separates it from S. Carolina, N. W. by the Cherokee line, S. W. by Jackson co. and S. E. by Elbert co. Pop, 9,040; slaves 1,774; engaged in agriculture 2,492, in commerce 32, in manufactures 2. Chief town, Carnesville. Franklin, co. Alabama, on the S. side of Ten- nessee river. Pop. 4,988; slaves 1,667; engaged in agriculture 1 ,498, in commerce 22, in manufac- tures 101. At the court-house is a post-office. Franklin, co. Mississippi, on Homochito river. Pop. 3,821; slaves 1,535; engaged in agriculture 1 ,365, in commerce 9, in manufactures 29. Franklin, t. St. Mary's parish, Louisiana, 150 m. fr. New-Orleans. Franklin, p-t. Attakapas co. Louisiana. Franklin, co. West Tennessee. Pop. 16,571 ; slaves 4,167; engaged in agriculture 3,914, in commerce 20, in manufactures 102. Chief town, Winchester. Franklin, p-t. and cap. Williamson co. Ten. 17 m. S. Nashville. Franklin, co. Ken. Pop. 9,345; slaves 2, 907; engaged in agriculture 2,029, in commerce 9, in manufactures 93. Chief town, Frankfort. Franklin, co. Ohio, on the Scioto. Pop. 10,292 : engaged in agriculture 2,239, in manufactures 607, Chief town, Columbus. Franklin, t. Franklin co. Ohio, on Scioto river, 7 m. W. Columbus. Pop. 777. Franklin, t. Clermont co. Ohio. Pop. 1,871. Franklin, p-t. Warren co. Ohio, on Miami river 10 m. N. W. Lebanon, 34 N. by E. Cincinnati. Pop. 2,090. Franklin, t. Portage co. Ohio, 6 m. W. Raven- na. Pop. 348. Franklin, t. Jackson co. Ohio. Pop. 536. Franklin, t. Ross co. Ohio, on Scioto river, 8 m. S. Chilicothe. Pop. 340. Franklin, t. Stark co. Ohio. Pop. 388. Franklin, t. Coshocton co. Ohio. Pop. 345. Franklin, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. Pop. 620, Franklin, t. Wayne co. Ohio. Pop. 462. Franklin, t. Licking co. Ohio. Pop. 7 13. 270 F R E Franklin, t. Richland co. Ohio. Pop. 360. Franklin, co. Indiana, on White river, border- ing on Ohio. Pop. 10,763; engaged inagrirul. ture 2,403, in commerce 15, in manufactures 315 Chief town, Brookville. Franklin, co. Illinois, between Gallatin and Jackson counties. Pop. 1,763; engaged in agri- culture 441. Franklin, co. Missouri. Pop. 1,379 ; slaves 209 ; engaged in agriculture 523, in commerce 7, in manufactures 3. Franklin, p-t. and cap. Howard co. Missouri, on the N. side of Missouri river, 2 or 3 miles above the entrance of Bonne Femme creek. It was laid out in 1816, the principal streets run parallel with the Missouri and are 82 feet wide, and there is a public square of 2 acres. It contains a court-house, jail, market-house, and a printing office from whit h a newspaper is issued, and here the United States land office is established. Franklin is the most considerable town in the country W. of St. Charles. In 1820 it contained above 1,000 inhab- itants. 25 m. below Chariton, 160 above St. Lou- is. Lon. 92 53' 36" W. Lat. 38 57' 9" N. Franklin creek. See Twin creek. Franklinton, p-t. and cap. Franklin co. Ohio, on the W. bank of the Scioto, 1 m. W. Columbus. It contains a court-house and jail, and about 70 dwelling-houses. Franklinrille, p-v. in Ischua, N. Y. Franks, t. Huntingdon co. Pa. Pop. 1,297. Frankstadt, t. Moravia, 4 m. S. Freyberg. Franktown, p-v. Northampton co. Va. Franquemont, t. Switzerland, in Berne, on the Doubs, 16 m. N. Neufchatel. Fransburg, t. Pomerania, 14 m. S. S. W. Stral- sund. Lon. 12 56' E. Lat. 54 10' N. Pop. 500. Fraresau, v. Missouri, on the road between St. Charles and St. Louis, inhabited by French people. Frasatli, t. Ecclesiastical state, in Campagna di Roma, near the ancient Tusculum. It is the see of a bishop. 10 m. S. E. Rome. Lon. 12 41' E. Lat. 41 48' N. Pop. 9,000. Frasersburgh, s-p. Scotland, in Aberdeen co. 17 m. N. Peterhead, 149 N. Edinburgh. Pop. 1,000. Fraxnes, v. Netherlands, N. W. of Fleurus. Frafelli, 2 small islands in the Mediterranean. Lon. 26 22' E. Lat. 35 45' N. Fratta, t. Italy, in the Popedom, 32 m. S. Ur- bino. Frafta, La, t. Venetian territory, on the Scorta, 6 m. S. VV. Rovigo. Pop. 6,300. Fratta Maggivre, t. Neapolitan territory, near the capital. Pop. 8,500. Fraubrunnen, t. Switzerland, 7 m. N. Berne. Frauenberg,L Bohemia, 5 m. S. Hayd. Frauenburg, t. E. Prussia, on the Frische ITaff, 16 m. N. E. Elbing. Lon. 19 40' E. Lat. 54 21' N. Pop. 1,392. Frauenfeld, t. Switzerland, capital of Thurgau, 14 m. S. W. Constance, 20 N. E. Zurich. Frauenstein, t. Saxony, 17 m. S. S. K. Dresden. Frauenivorth. See Chiem, Lake of. Fraustadt, t. Prussian states, in the grand di itchy of Posen, 20 m. N. E. Glogau, 70 N. N. W. Bre- lau. Pop. 5,600. Frazer's Lake, New Caledonia, which dischar- ges its waters by a river of the same name empty - ing, it is supposed, into the Pacific in about lat. 49 N. The lake is about 80 or 90 miles in circum- ference. At the east end the N. W. Fur company have a post. F R E F,-fckenhorst,v. Prussian Westphalia, 20 in. L Minister. - Frederic Henry's Bay, bay on the W. coast of Bruny's Island. Lat. 4310 / S. Fralcrica, p-t. Kent co. Del. at the forks of Motherkill, a branch of Delaware river, 7 m. from Milford, 12 E. Dover. Frnicrica, p-t. St. Simon's island, Glynn co. Geo. See 67. Simon's Island. Frcdcricia, t. Denmark, in Jutland, on the Lit- tle Belt, with a custom-house, where all vessels passing the Belt pay a toll. 5 m. N. Middlefarth. Lon. 9 44' E. Lat. 55 35' N. Pop. 3,500. Frederick, N. Y. See Kent. Frederick, t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop. 927. Frederick, co. Md. bounded N. by Pennsylvania, E. by Baltimore and Montgomery cos. S. W. l/v the Potomac, and N. W. by Washington co. Pop. 40,459 ; slaves 6,685 ; engaged in agriculture 6,621, in commerce 259, in manufactures 3,015 Chief town, Fredericktown. Frederick, t. Cecil co. Md. on the Sassafras, op- posite Georgetown, 19 m. N.E. Chestertown. Frederick, co. Va. inclosed by Jefferson, Berk- ley, Hampshire, Shenandoah counties, and She- naridoah river, which separates it from Faquier co. Pop. 24,706 ; slaves 7,179; engaged in agri- culture 4,149, in commerce 95, in manufactures 1,179. Chief town, Winchester. Frederick Hendrick, fort, Netherlands, on the Scheldt, 14 m. N. W. Antwerp. Frederick House, a trading station in Upper Canada, near the head waters of the Ottawa riv- er. Lon. 82 W. Lat. 48 30' N. Frederieksburg* t. Lenox co. Up. Canada, on the bay of Quinte, W. of Ernestown. Fredericksburg, p-t. Spotsylvania co. Va. and one of the most flourishing commercial towns in. the state, is regularly laid out, on the S. W. bank of Rappahannock river, 110 miles from its mouth, 57 m. S. W. Washington City, 66 N. Richmond. Lon. 77 33' W. Lat38 18' N. It contains a court- house, jail, academy, 2 banks, and 4 houses of public worship. It is advantageously situated for trade, near the head of navigation on the Rappa- hannock, in the midst of a fertile and well cultiva- ted country. Vessels of 130 or 140 tons, ascend as far as this place, and large quantities of corn, flour, tobacco, and other produce, are brought from the surrounding country for exportation. The annual value of the exports has been estima- ted at $4,000,000. It has rapidly increased within a few year?. Pop. in 1812,2.500, and in 1817, 3,255. Fredericksburg, p-t. Gallatin co. Ken. Frederickubnrg, t. Washington co. Indiana, on Big blue river, 20 m. N. W. Corydon. Frederickfhall, t. Norway, on the frontier of Sweden, in the immediate vicinity of the steep and almost impregnable fortress of Frederieksteen. 52 m. S. S. E. Christiana. Lon 11 3' E. Lat. 59 4' N. Pop. 3,900. Frederick Violin. See Christian aand. r'r an..! I- 1 ., by the Goggrah, S. by the Ganges, '! W. by Joanpore. Gazypoor, the capital, is on the Ganges. Lon. 83 33' E. Lat. 25 35' N. Gearon. See Jaron. Geauga, co. Ohio, on Lake Erie, at the mouth of Grand rirer. Pop. 7,791. Engaged in agri- G E M 279 culture 1,855, in commerce 27, in manufactures 272. Chief town, Chardon. Geba, country, W. Africa, 180 m. S. Kacundy, on the river Geba which falls into the Cacheo, or St. Domingo. Gebesee, t. Prussian part of Saxony, near the conflux of the Gera and the Unstrut. Pop. 1 ,360. 8 m. N. N. W. Erfurt. Lon. 10 59' E. Lat. 51 10' N. Gebharts, p-v. Somerset co. Pa. Gebi Zeh, (an. Lybissa) t. Asia Minor, 25 m. E, S. E. Scutare. Gebweiler, t. France, 14 m. S. by W. Colmar. Geddysburgh, p-v. in Salina, Onondaga co. N. Y. on the Erie canal. Gedingooma, t. Kaarta, W. Africa, 30 m. N. W. Kemmoo. Gedumah, country, Africa, on the N. side of the Senegal. Lat. 9 40' to 1 1 20' W. Geersberghe. See Grammont. Geesh, v. Abyssinia, near the supposed source of the Nile. Lon. 86 56' E. Lat. 10 59' N. Gefle, or Giawle, s-p. Sweden, on the gulf of Bothnia, near the mouth of the Gefle. Pop. be- tween 5,000 and 6,000. 60 m. N. Upsal. Lon. 17* T 27" E. Lat. 60 39' 30'' N. Gefleborg, government of Sweden according to the new division, situated between Dalecarlia and West Norrland, and extending from the gulf of Bothnia to the Norwegian mountains. The capital is Gefle. Sq. miles, 12,430. Pop. 83,260. Gefrees, t. Bavaria, 12 m. N. N. E. Bayreutu, Lon. 10 50' E. Lat. 50 5' N. Geil, r. which rises in the Tyrol, and falls into the Drave, in Carinthia. Geilenkirchen, t. Prussian states, 8 m. N, W. Juliers. Lon. 6 10' E. Lat. 50 27' N. Geisida, (an. Gratia, or Flaviopolis) t. Asia Mi- nor, 60 m. N. Angora. Geislingen, t. Wirtemberg, 12 m. W. Ulm. Lon. 9 50' E. Lat. 48 34' N. Pop. 1,650. Geissmar, or Hof Geissmar, t. Hesse-Cassel, 14 m. N. N. W. Cassel, 22 W. Gottingen. Lon. 9* 24' E. Lat. 51 20' N. Pop. 2,400. Geilhayn, or Geithen, t. Saxony, 23 m. S. S. E. Leipsic, 46 W. Dresden. Lon. 12 39' E. Lat. 51* V N. Pop. 1,700. Guelderland, Gueldres, or Geldern, a province of Netherlands, bounded N. E. by Overyssel, S. E. by Germany, S. by Brabant, and W. by Utrecht. Extent, 2,020 sq. miles. Pop. 243,000. Gelders or Guelders, t. Prussian states, 20 m. S. S. E. Cleves, and 30 N. N. W. Dusseldorf. Lon. 619'E. Lat. 51 30' N. GellaJi, or Collah, fortified place, Algiers, 86m. E. Constantina. Gelma, (an. Calama) t. Algiers, 50 m. E. Con- stantina. Gelma, (an. Cilma) t. Tunis, 84 m. S. S. W. Tunis. Gelmuyden, t. Netherlands, in Overyssel, 6 m. E. N. E. Campen. Lon. 5 57'E. Lat. 52 40' N. Gelnhausen, t. Hesse-Cassel, near the Kinzig. The Bavarians were defeated near this by the French, 29th October, 1813; 12m. E. Hanau. Lon. 9 13' 53" E. Lat. 50 13' 25" N. Gemappe, or Jemappes, v. Netherlands, in Hai- nault, near the Scheld, 2 m. fr. Mons. Gemarke, t. Prussian states, 20 m. S. E. Dussel- dorf. Pop. 5,000. GemblourS) or Gembloux, t. Netherlands, in 280 GEN South Brabant. The neighbourhood has been the scene of several sanguinary conflicts. 9 m. N. W. Namur, 30 E. of Mons. Lat. 50 3.V N . Gemert, large v. Netherlands, in North Brabant. Pop. 4,000. 2 m. N. Helmont. Gemishkhana, t. Asia Minor, on the borders of Armenia, 30 m. S. Trebisond. Gemlick, (an. Caiw.?,) t. Asia Minor, at the head of the gulf of Modania, 50 m. S. E. Constantino- ple. Gcmona, t. Austrian states, in Friuli. Pop. 2,000. 12m. N. N. \\.Udina. Lon. 12 59' E. Lat. 46 20' N. Gemund, t. Wirtemberg, 24 m. E. Stutgard. Lon. 9 50' E. Lat. 48 44' N. Pop. 5,500. Gemund, t. Carmthia, 32 m. N. W. Clagenfurt. Lon. 13 21' E. Lat. 46 50' N. Gemund, t. Prussian states, in Juliers, 41 m. W. N. W. Coblentz. Lon. 6 28' E. Lat. 50 37' N. Gemunden, t. Bavaria, at the confluence of the Saale and the Maine ; 37 m. E. Frankfort, 25 W. Schweinfurt. Lon. 942'E. Lat. 50 9' N. Gemunden, t. Austria, on the Traun. It is the seat of the government offices for the salt works in that district. 24m. S. S. W. Lintz, 108 W. S. W. Vienna. Lon. 13 42' E. Lat. 47 50' N. Pop. 1,800. Genadil, rock in Nubia, forming a cataract over which the Nile passes ; 120 m. S. S. W. Syene. Genap, or Genappe, t. Netherlands, in South Brabant, on the Dyle, memorable in the battles of 17th and 18th June, 1815. Pop. 1,200. 5m. E. Nivelles. Genesee, r. which rises in Pennsylvania, and flowing through New- York, empties into Lake Ontario, affording a good harbor at its mouth. About 40 miles N. of the Pennsylvania line, there are two falls in the river, 1 of 60 and 1 of 90 feet, a mile apart. At Rochester there are also two falls, 1 of 96 feet, and 1, Smiles below, of 75 feet. Vessels ascend to the falls. Genesee, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Lake On- tario, E. by Monroe and Livingston counties, S. by Alleghany and Cataraugus counties, and W. by Niagara and Erie counties. Pop. 58,093. Engaged in agriculture 15,894, in commerce 57, in manufactures 1,656. Chief town, Bata- via. Genesee. See Balavia, N. Y. Geneseo, p-t. Livingston co. N. Y. on Genesee river, 25 m. W. Canandaigua, 33 S. Rochester, 35 E. Batavia. Pop. 1,598. It has a Presbyterian church. The flats on the river are exceedingly fertile, and the farms very thriving. Genest, t. France, in Mayenne, 6 m. W. N. W. Laval. Genet't creek, Ohio, runs into the Ohio in Scio- toco. Geneva, city, Switzerland, and the capital of a small canton, is situated at the W. extremity of the lake of Geneva, on the confines of France and Savoy. The Rhone divides it into two parts. The public buildings are the Hotel de Ville, the arse- nal, the college, the public library, the hospital, the theatre, and the cathedral. The public libra- ry was founded at the time of the Reformation ; it now contains 50,000 volumes, and at stated times is open to the public. Nothing can be more agree- able than the environs of Geneva, or more mag- nificent than the prospect which it enjoys. The lake, the hills, the distant Alps covered with eter- nal snow, and above all, Mont Blanc, rearing its GEN loi'ty head to the clouds, give a wonderful beauty and sublimity to the prospect. The m" inhabitants is 22,800. This population woiuJ nat- urally place it among European towns of the third or loiirth rank, but it has acquired a celebrity- equal to that of the first capitals. It owes this high degree of reputation principally to it. 1 indus- try, and the civil and religious habits and institu- tions of its people. The great occupation of the inhabitants, is watch-making, which employs nearly 7,000 individuals ; and a great part of the continent is supplied with watches from this place. Education has always been conducted here with the greatest care. Here are a public school and a university ; the former conducted by i 1 masters, and the university by 22 professors ; the number of students is generally 1,000. 42m. N. Cham- bery, 70 N. E. Lyons. Lon. 6* 9' E. Lat. 46 12' N. Genei'a,a canton of the Swiss confederation, ad- mitted in 1814. It is composed of the city of Ge- neva, and an adjacent territory, containing to- gether 47,000 inhabitants. Geneva, Lake of, a celebrated lake in the form of a crescent, between Switzerland and Savoy, and occupying a part of the great valley which separates the Alps from th.3 Jura ridge. Its length is 50 miles ; its greatest breadth 10. It is never frozen, and its water is beautifully clear, except at the influx of the muddy current of the Rhone. The scenery all around is most magnificent, the N. side being fertile and beautifully diversified, while the S. side rises gradually, until its moun- tains form the highest of the Alpine range. Geneva, p-v. in Seneca, Ontario co. N. Y. on the W. side of Seneca Lake, near the outlet, 16m. E. Canandaigua, 95 W. Utica, 192 W. Albany. The lake is here 3 miles wide. The village of Geneva is built with much taste and beauty on the sides and summit of a hill which rises about 200 feet above the surface of the water, and com- mands a fine view of the lake, and of the fertile and populous country on its borders. The vil- lage is incorporated and enjoys an extensive trade. It contains a bank, an academy, a glass house, and 3 churches,! for Episcopalians,! for Presbyterians, and 1 for Dutch Reformed. Two newspapers are printed here. Pop. 1,357. Geneva, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, on Lake Erie, 10 m. N. W. Jefferson. Pop. 315. Genevieve. See St. Genevieve. Genevieve Bay, on the W. coast of Newfound- land, in the straits ofBelleisle,20m. N. St. John'.i bay. Genevois, a province of Savoy, bordering on France and Geneva. Pop. 70,000. Gengenbuch, t. Baden, 15 m. S. E. Strasburg. Genilo bridge, p-v. Powhattan co. Va. Gcnnf.p, t. Netherlands, in Limburg, 9m. S. S. W. Cloves. Lon. 5 37' E. Lat. 5 1 4? N. Gennesarclh, Cinneroth, or sea of Tiberias, or sea of Galilee, lake of Palestine. It is 17 miles long, and 5 broad. The water is fresh and pota- ble. The country and city of Gennesareth is on its W. shore, and is fertile and pleasant. Genoa, a maritime city in the N. W. of Italy, once a celebrated republic, now the capital of a province of the Sardinian States, on the gulf of Genoa. It is surrounded by a double wall, and is a place of great strength. When viewed from the harbour, Genoa and its environs present the form of an amphitheatre. The white buildings, erec- ted on successive terracei, contrasted with the na- G E O ked appearance of the Appennines, give the town an air of great magnificence. The houses are well built, but the streets are narrow and irregular. Three streets, however, the Strada Balbi,the Stra- da N 7 uova,andthe Strada Nuovissima, are regu- lar and spacious, and contain the palaces of the great families. Among the public edifices are the Palazzo della Signora, the ancient residence of the doge ; the great hospital, the cathedral, and several churches which are regarded as masterpieces of architecture. The harbour of Genoa is inclosed by 2 strong moles, and can admit ships of 80 guns, but the entrance is difficult. Genoa exports rice and fruit, and in particular olive oil, to a great annual value ; also her own manufactures, viz. silks, damasks, and velvets ; for the last, Genoa has long been celebrated. The yearly value of the different silk and satin manufactures is from 200,000/. to 300,OOOZ. The chief business is carried on under foreign flags, from a dread of the Barbary corsairs. This city is the see of an arch- bishop. The established religion is Catholic. Here are an university, an academy, and a pub- lic library. Pop. 76,000. 77 m. S. E. Turin, 73 S. Milan, 450 S. E. Paris. Lon. 8 58' E. Lat. 44 25' N. Genoa, the Territory of, a province of the Sar- dinian states, extending along the shores of the gulf of Genoa. Extent 6,500 square miles. Pop. 530,000. It was formerly independent, but in 1815 was given to Sardinia, by the Congress of Vi- enna. The city and territory, however, are governed by their own laws, preserving their sen- ate, their supreme court of justice, and provincial councils. Genoa, p-t. Cayuga co. N. Y. on Cayuga lake, 25 m. S. Auburn, 180 W. Albany. Pop. 2,585. It is a large township, and has 5 houses of public worship. Genoa, p-t. Indiana co. Pa. Genoa, t. Delaware co. Ohio. Pop. 493. Genoa Bar, reef of rocks off' the N. coast of Ba- hama. Lon. 79 36' W. Lat. 26 20' N. Gensac, t. France, in Gironde, 9 m. S. E. Libourne. Pop. 2,786. Gentiah, district, Hind. N. E. of Bengal, boun- ded on the S. by Sylhet, and N. by the Garrow mountains. Gentilly,t. France, in Seine, 4m. S. Paris. Pop. 4,495. George, v. Scotland, in Perthshire, at the W. end of Loch Rannoch, 36 m. N. W. Perth. George, t. Fayette co. Pa. on the S. E. side of the Monongahela, at the mouth of George creek, 16 m. S. W. Union. Pop. 2,039. It is a place of considerable trade. George, Cape, cape on the S. coast of Kergue- len's land. Lon. 70 13' E. Lat. 49 54' S. Also the name of a cape on the coast of Newfoundland. Lon. 59 17' W. Lat. 48 28' N. George Fort. See Fort George. George, Lake, a beautiful lake, 36 miles long, and about 2 broad, between Washington and War- ren counties, N. Y. It lies S. of Lake Champlain, and communicates with it by an outlet 3 miles long, in which distance the water descends nearly 100 feet. The lake is surrounded by high moun- tains, and is much celebrated for the romantic beauty of its scenery. The water is deep, re- markably transparent, and abounds with the finest fish. Salmon-trout are taken, weighing up- wards of 20 pounds. There are numerous small 36 G E O 281 islands in the lake, on some of which are found chrystals of quartz, hardly surpassed by any in the world, for transparency and perfection of form. Lake George was long conspicuous in the wars of this country, and several memorable battles were fought on its borders. It formed tha most con- venient connexion between Canada and the Hud- son, and hence the establishment of Fort William Henry, in 1755, at the head of the lake, and ia more recent times, of Fort George, in its immediate vicinity. The remains of the fortifications are still visible. Lake George is a fashionable resort in, summer, in connexion with Ballston and Sarato- ga. Lon. 73 25' to 73 43' W. Lat. 43 25' to 43 55' N. George Lake. See St. John's river, Florida. Georgenburg, t. Russia, in Wilna, 35 m. E. Til- sit. George's tavern, p-v. New Kent co. Va. It is a place of considerable trade. Georgesville, p-v. Franklin co. Ohio, 13m. S. W. Columbus. Georgetown, t. and cap. of Pooloo Penang, or Prince of Wales island. Lon. 100 19' E. Lat. 5 25' N. Georgetown, t. Lincoln co. Maine, on the E. side of the Kennebee, at its mouth, separated from Boothbay by Sheepscot river, 15m. S. W.Wis- casset. Pop. 1,165. It formerly included Phips- burg. Georgetown, p-t. Madison co. N. Y. Pop. 824. Georgetown, p-t. Beaver co. Pa. Georgetown, p-t. and cap. Sussex co. Del. 16m. W. S. W. Lewistown, 103 S. Philadelphia. Here is a bank. Georgetown, p-t. and port of entry in the Dis- trict of Columbia, is pleasantly situated on the east side of the Potomac, at the junction of Rock creek, which separates it from Washington city ; 3 m. W. of the Capitol in Washington, 8 N. Alexandria. Lon. 77 5' W. Lat 38 52' N. Pop. 7,360. It con- tains 5 houses of public worship, 2 for Episcopa- lians, 2 for Methodists, and 1 for Presbyterians. The Roman Catholics have a college here, estab- lished in 1799, which has 2 spacious brick edifices, finely situated, with a library of 7,000 volumes, and about 150 students. In 1815, it was raised by Congress to the rank of an university, and author- ized to confer degrees. Georgetown has conside- rable trade. The amount of shinping in 1815, was 6,795 tons. Georgetoivn, t. Kentco. Md. on the eastern shore of the Chesapeake, on the S. side of Sassafras river, opposite Frederick, 9 miles above its mouth 60 N E. Chester, 65 S. W. Philadelphia. Georgetown, district, S. C. Pop. 17,603. Slaves 15,546. Engaged in agriculture 9,522, in com- merce 52, in manufactures 3. Georgetown, p-t. port of entry, and capital of Georgetown district, S. C. on Winyaw bay, near the mouth of the Pedee, 13 m. from the sea, 60 N. N. E. Charleston, 134 S. Fayetteville, 138 S. E. Columbia. Lon. 79 19' W. Lat. 33 24' N. Pop. about 2,000, of whom two-thirds are negroes. It contains a court-house, jail, bank, and 4 houses of public worship, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Episco- palians, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Methodists. Georgetown is well situated for trade. It is in the neighbourhood of very fertile lands, and connected by the Pedee and its branches with an extensive back country ; but there is a bar at the mouth of Winyaw bay which prevents ths entrance of yes- 292 G E O sels drawing more than 1 1 feet water. The amount of shipping in 1815, was 985 tons. Georgetown, t. Warren co. Geo. on the Ogechee, 35 m. above Louisville. Georgetown, p-t. and cap. Scott co. Ken. near the mou(h of Royal Spring, a branch of the North Elkton, 14 m. N. Lexington. It contains a court- house, a bank, an academy, a Baptist Church, a printing-office, and several manufactories. The country around is fertile and nourishing. Georgetown, \. Harrison co. Ohio, 6 m. S. E. Cadiz. Georgetown, p-t. Dearborn co. Indiana. Georgetown, t. S. America, formerly called Sta- brock, cap. of the colony of Demerara in English Guiana, lies along the E. bank of Demerara river, at its mouth, for about two miles, and extends back a mile. Lon. 58 W. Lat. 6 40' N. It is a place of considerable trade. Pop. 8,500, of whom 5,000 are whites. Georgetoicn,t.Van Dieman'sLand, on the E. side of Port Dalrymple, 125 m. from Hobartstown. Georgetown cross-roads, p-v. Kent co. Md. Georgia, a country of Asia, between the Black sea and the Caspian, on the frontier of Russia and Persia. It was formerly independent, but since 1801, has been united to the Russian empire. Pop. 320,000. The beauty of the females makes them eagerly sought after to fill the seraglios of the East. The inhabitants are chiefly Christians of the Greek communion. The principal rivers are the Kur and the Araxes. Teflis is the capital. Georgia, p-t. Franklin co. Vt. on Lake Cham- plain, 18 m. N. Burlington. Pop. 1,703. Georgia, one of the U. States, bounded N. by Tennessee and North Carolina ; N. E. by South Carolina ; S. E. by the Atlantic ; S. by Florida, aad W. by Alabama. It extends from lat. 30 20' to 35 N. and from Ion. 81 to 86 48' W. It is 300 miles from N. to S. and 240 from E. to W. and contains 50,000 square miles, or 37,120,000 acre-. Pop. in 1790, 82,548 ; in 1800, 162,686 ; in 1810,252,433; and in 1820, 340,989; of whom 149,676 were slaves. Engaged in agriculture 101,185, in commerce 2,139, in manufactures 3,557. This population is confined to the eastern part of the State. The western part is in posses- sion of the Indians, viz. the Creeks and Chero- kees. The Indian country lately embraced more than 40,000 square miles, or two thirds of the whole State, but by the treaty of Fort Jackson, the claim of the Creeks was extinguished to more than 11, 000 square miles in the southern part of the State, including the whole country below the parallel of 31 35'. The Creeks now own in this State about 15,000 square miles, lying on the head waters of Flint river, between the Oakmulgee and Chatahoochee rivers. The Cherokees lately possessed about 16,000 square miles in the north- ern part of the State, but in 1819, they ceded a lar^e district of it to the United States. From the ocean, for the distance of 7 miles, there is a margin of islands and marshes, intersect- ed by rivers, creeks, and inlets, communicating with each other, and forming an inland navigation for vessels of 100 tons, along the whole coast. These sea islands consist of salt marsh, and of a species of land called hammock, which produces the black seed cotton, of a superior quality. A narrow margin on the coast of the main, consists also of salt marshes and hammock lands. Imme- diately back of this are the pine barrens, inter- spersed with numerous inland swamps. The riv- G E il i creeks have also near their mouths marsn * hauls called brackish swamps ; and higher up, riv- i'-lide swamps, which are entirely fresh. Botli of these, and the salt-marshes, are overflowed par- tially or wholly, at the return of the tide. The pine barrens reach from 60 to 90 miles from the coast. Beyond this commences a country of sand hills, from 30 to 40 miles wide, interspersed with fertile tracts, and extending to the falls of the riv- ers. The part of the State above the falls of the rivers is called the Upper Country,and has general- ly a strong, fertile soil. Cotton is the principal production of Georgia. It is of two kinds ; the black seed, or sea-island, and the green seed, 01 upland. Rice is extensively cultivated in the- swamps of the low country. The fruits are figs, oranges, melons, pomegranates, olives, lemons, &c. The forests afford tine timber, chiefly oak and piae. for exportation. The principal islands on the coast are Tybee, Ossabaw, St. Catharine, Sapelo, St. Simon's, and Cumberland. The principal rivers are Savannah, Ogeehee, Alatamaha, Satilla, St. Mary's, Flint. Chatahoochee, Coosa, Oconee, and Oakmulgee. Savannah and Darien are the principal ports. Milledgeville is the seat of government. The oth- er principal towns are Augusta, Sunbury, St. Ma- ry's, Petersburg and Athens. The university of Georgia consists of a college., called Franklin College,established at Athens, and of an academy, either established or to be estab- lished in each county. This body of institutions is under the direction of a Senatus Academicus, consisting of the Governor and Senate of the State- and 15 trustees. The senatus academicus appoints a board of commissioners in each county, to su- perintend the academy of the county and the infe- rior schools. In 1817, $200,000 were appropri- ated by the Legislature for the establishment of free schools throughout the State. For judicial purposes, the State is divided into four districts, Eastern, Middle, Western, and Southern. The Baptists and Methodists are much the most nume- rous religious denominations. The Legislature consists of a senate and house of representative?, chosen annually by counties. The governor is- chosen for two years. In 1817, Georgia was the sixth State in the Un- ion in the value of her exports. The amount wa^ $'8,790,714, and consisted almost wholly of do- mestic produce. The staple of the State is cot- ton. The amount of shipping in 1815, was only 15,590 tons. Georgia, Gulf of, in the Pacific ocean, between the continent of N. America and Quadra and Van- couver's island. Georgia, New, or South Georgia, a desolate isl- and in the Atlantic ocean, 90 miles long, and 30 broad. Lon. 37" W. Lat. 54" 30' S. Georgian islands, a name given to four of the Society islands, viz. Otahoite, Fimeo, Tetaroa and Tapuamanu. See Society islands. Ger, t. Franco, iu La Manche, 6 m. N. E. Mor- tain. Pop. 2,514. Gera, r. Saxony, which falls intp the Unstrut, 6 in. .N. Krfurt. Gera, a lordship of Germany, now belonging to the family of Reutft. Extent 157 sq. miles. Pop. 22,800. Gera, t. Germany, cap. of a district belonging to the counts of Reuss, on the White Elster. Pop. 7,500. 30 m, S. S. W. Leipsic, aad 68 W. Dres- den. G E R Gerardmer, t. France, 19 in. S. E. Bruyeres. Gerau, t. Hesse-Darmstadt, 8 m. W. N. W. Darmstadt. Gerberois, t. France, 14 m. N. W. Beauvais. Gerbstadl, t. Prussian ctatcs, 30 m. S. W. Des- sau, 36 S. Magdeburg. Lon. 11 47' E. Lat. 51" 40' .N. Pop. 2,400. Gerdauen, L E. Prussia, 30 m. S. E. Konigsberg. Lon. 21 27' E. Lat. 54 16' N. Gerenna,t. Spain, 12 m. N. N. W. Seville. KGergeau. See Jargeau. Gergesmarkt, t. Transylvania, on the Alt, 18 m. . N. W. Hermannstadt. Gcrgong, or Ghergong, city, and formerly cap. Assam, on the Deckhow river, one of the branch- es of the Brahmapootra. Lon. 94 40' E. Lat. 26 55' N. Gerina, or Cermet, t. Cyprus, on the N. coast, 16 m. N. N. W. Nicosia. Gcringsicalda, t. Saxony, 23m. S. S. E. Leipsic, 40 W. Dresden. Pop. 1,500. Germa, t. Fezzan, 50 m. E. S. E. Mourzouk. German, p-t. Chenango co. N. Y. 15 m.W. Nor- wich, 115 W. Albany. Pop. 2,675. German, t. Fayette co. Pa. Pop. in 1810, 2,079. German, t. Clarke co. Ohio. Pop. 897. German, t. Coshocton co. Ohio. Pop. 302. German, t. Dark co. Ohio. German, t. Cape Girardeau co. Missouri. German coast, district, Louisiana, comprising 1 the parishes St. Charles and St. Jean Baptist. Pop. 6,281. German fiats, p-t. Herkimer co. N. Y. on the S. side of the Mohawk, 5 m. S. Herkimer, 75 W. Al- bany. Pop. 2,665. In this town stood Fort Her- kimer, mentioned in the history of American wars. The German flats is an extensive tract of alluvial land, on both sides of the Mohawk, in this town nnd in Herkimer. Though it has been cultivated nearly 100 years, it has lost none of its fertility. German Ocean, or North Sea, an extensive sea on the N. W. coast of Europe, bounded S. by the straits of Calais, and N. by the Orkney and Shet- land islands. The fisheries are extensive, as well on the Dogger Bank as on the shores of Britain, Holland, Denmark, and Norway ; they are still greater at its northern extremity, in the direction of the Orkney and Shetland islands. Germantown, t. Columbia co. N. Y. on Hudson river, 12 m. below Hudson. Pop. 891. It con- tains 2 churches, 1 for Lutherans, and 1 for Pres- byterians. Germanlown, p-t. Philadelphia co. Pa. 6 m. N. Philadelphia. Pop. 4,311. It contains 4 houses of public worship, I for Presbyterians, 1 for Ger- man Calvinists, 1 for Lutherans, and 1 for Friends, The houses are chiefly of stone, some of them large and elegant, and built principally on one street, about 2 miles in length. The inhabitants are most- ly Germans and Dutch. Here is the principal congregation of the Menonists, the mother of that sect in America. The battle of Germantown was fought here on the 4th Oct. 1777. Germanlown, p-t. Hyde co. N. C. on a bay in Pamlico Sound. Germantown, p-t. Stokes co. N. C. on the Town fork of the Dan. It contains a court-house and mil. and about 40 houses. Gtrmantown, t. Bracken co. Ken. Grrmstntawn, t. Montgomery co. Ohio, 13 m. S. Dayton. Pop. 2,079. German valley, p-r. Hunterdon co. N. J. Germany, country, Europe, bounded N. by G E R 283 Denmark and the Baltic, E. by Poland, S. by Hun- gary and Italy, and W. by Switzerland, France, and the Netherlands. It is 650 miles from N. to S. 600 from E. to W. and contains 220,000 square miles. The northern part is a flat country. Southern Germany is more diversified consisting in part of extensive plains, but traversed also by vast ranges of mountains. Few countries are more fortunate in great rivers, it being computed tiiat no less than sixty are navigable to a great ex- tent, while six, viz. the Danube, the Rhine, the Maine, the Weser, the Elbe, and the Oder, rank among the noblest and largest in Europe. The climate is healthy. The soil is various ; sandy plains and barren heaths abound in the N. E. swamps and marshes in the N. W. ; but many of the interior arid S. W. parts are uncommonly fer- tile. No language in Europe is spoken by so great a population as the German ; it is current not only in Germany, but in part of France, Switzerland and Hungary ; in Livonia, Esthonia and Cour- land. There are 21 universities, of which 13 are Protestant, 6 Catholic, and 2 partly Catholic and partly Protestant. The total number of students at these seminaries is between 8,000 and 9,000 ; Gottingen is the most numerously attended, hav- ing above a tenth of the whole. Gottingen, Halle, Jena, and recently the university of Heidelberg, are allowed to stand in the first rank. The num- bers of the various religious denominations are as follows : Catholics 15,000,000, Lutheran* 12,000,000, Calvinists 2,200,000, Jews 183,000, Hernhutters 25,000, Greek church 14,000. Germany was formerly an empire, and consist- ed of above 300 secular and ecclesiastical princes, each independent in the administration of his own territory, but subject to the emperor as head of the empire. It was divided into 10 circles : Aus- tria, Burgundy, Upper Rhine, Lower Rhine, Fran- conia, Bavaria, Swabia, Westphalia, Upper Saxo- ny and Lower Saxony. During the late wars in Europe, the empire was dissolved, and the num- ber of independent principalities reduced from 300 to little more than 30. In 1 8 15, a new confed- eration was formed, called ' the confederation of the sovereigns and free towns of Germany.' The names of the States, the number of votes to which each is entitled in the general assembly, and the revenue and population of each are given in the following table : Jo Votes ropulation from the of- ficial retun 1818. Revenuecompu- ted in Pounds sterling. Austrian dominions in Germany, 4 9,482,227 6,370,000 Prussian dominions in Germany, 4 7,923,439 4,300,000 Saxony, Kingdom, 4 1,200,000 850,000 Bavaria, 4 3,560,000 1,800,000 Hanover, 4 1,305,351 900,000 Wirtemberg, - 4 1,395,463 1,000,000 Baden,grand dutchy, 3 1,000,000 550,000 Hesse-Cassel, - 3 540,000 380,000 Hesse Darmstadt, 3 619,500 370,000 Holstein and Lauen- burg, 3 360,000 200,000 Luxemburg, -_ 3 214,058 120,000 Brunswick, 2 209,600 180,000 Mecklenburg- Schwerin, 2 358,000 150,000 284 G E R ^|i*opulatior L from the o 1 official re- g| turn 1818 L Revenue computed in Pounds ster- ling. Nassau, 2| 302,767 176.L'00 Saxe- Weimar, 201,000 150,000 Saxe-Gotha, dutchy 1 185,682 150,000 Saxe-Cobourg, 1 80,012 55,000 Saxe-Meinungen, 1 54,400 35,000 Saxe-Hildburghau- sen, 1 29,706 20,000 Mecklenburg- Str e- litz, 1 71,769 50,000 Oldenburg, - 1 217,769 150,000 Anhalt-Dessau, 1 52,947 60,000 Anhalt-Bernburg, 1 37,0-16 30,000 Anhalt-Kothen, 1 32,454 23,000 Schwartzburg-Son- dershauscn. 1 45,117 25,000 Schwa rtzburg-R u- dolstadt, 1 53,937 22,000 Hohenzollern-Hech- ingen, 1 14,500 80,000 Lichtenstein, - 1 5,546 3,000 Hohenzollern-Sig- maringen, 1 35,560 30,000 Waldeck, 1 51,877 40,000 Reuss-Greitz, 1 22,255 13,000 Reuss-Lobenstein, 1 52,205 29,000 Hesse-Homburg, Schauenbur^-Lippe, 1 1 20,000 24,000 17,000 18,000 Lippe-DetmoM, 1 69,062 50,000 The free town of Lu- beck, Frankfort, - Bremen, 1 1 1 40,650 47,850 48,500 30,000 60,000 40,000 Hamburgh, 1 129,800 120,000 69130,094,050 18,646,000 The diet is permanent, and the sessions are held at Frankfort on the Maine. In all ordinary con- cerns, the eleven larger states are each entitled to one vote, and the smaller states are divided into six classes, and each class has one vote. But when fundamental laws are to be enacted, and in some other questions of prime importance, the diet resolves itself into the general assembly, in which each state has the number of votes mentioned in the table. The military contingent of the federa- tive body, in time of peace is 120,000 men, of whom 96,000 are infantry, 18,000 cavalry, and 6,000 artillery. In war, the contingent is one in 100 on the population, making a total of 301,000, with a reserve force of one in 200. The great for- tresses essential to the defence of the empire in Mentz, Luxemberg, and Landau, are declared to belong to the confederation. Germersheim, im- portant as commanding the passage of the Rhine, is to be made a place of great strength ; also Hom- burg, between Luxemburg and Landau. Ulm is likewise to be made a fortress of the first rank, and the sum of 800,000 was voted by the diet in 1818 for completing its fortifications. Germany, t. Adams co. Pa. Pop. 1,272. Germerslieim, t. Bavarian circle of the Rhine, at the conflux of the Queich and the Rhine. It is at present (1819) a place of strength, but its fortifi- cations are about to be greatly increased, the diet of Frankfort having fixed on it as one of the bulwarks of the empire, and appropriated 600,OOOZ sterling for additional works. Pop. 1,500. 5m. G H A S. Spire, 8 S. Manheim. Lon. 8 25' E. Lat. 49' Germunderyd, small place, Sweden, in West Gothland, the birth-place of Catherine I. of Russia. Gernroda, i. Germany, in Anhalt-Bernburg. 25 m. W. Bernburg. Lon. 11 20 7 E. Lat. 51 P 45' Gernsheim, t. Hesse- Darmstadt. Pop. 2,250. 18 m. S. S. E. Mentz, 27 W. N. W. Heidelberg. Gtrnspach, t. Baden, on the Murg, 4 m. E. Ba- den. Pop. 1,640. Geron Point, cape, on the coast ol Ireland Lon. 5 50' W. Lat. 55 5' N. Gerona, t. Spain, in Catalonia, at the conflu- ence of the Omhar and the Ter, famous in history for various seiges and obstinate defences. It is a bishop's see. 40 m. S. Perp;gnan, 47 N. E. Bar- celona. Lon. of the cathedral, 2 29' 34" E. Lat. 41 59' 21'' N. Pop. 14,000. Gerry, t. Chatauque co. N. Y. Pop. 947. Gers, a department in the S. W. of France, be- tween the departments of the Upper Garonne and the Landes. Extent, 2,620 sq. miles. Pop. 286,500. Gers, r. France, which runs into the Garonne, 3 m. S. E. Agen. Gersau, t. Swiss canton of Schweitz, on lake Lu- cerne. Pop. 1,500. Gersdorf, v. Saxony, in the circle of the Erz- gebirge, near Rosswein. In the neighbourhood is a silver mine. Gersdorf, v. Saxony, E. of Lutzen, and the scene of an action between the French and allies, 5th May, 1813. Gertruydenberg, a strongly fortified t. Nether- lands, in North Brabant, on the arm of the sea called the Biesboch, 10 m. S. E. Dort, 7 N. E. Breda. Lon. 4 51'54" E. Lat. 51 42' 5" N. Gesecke, t. Prussian states, in Westphalia, 9 m. E. S. E. Lippstadt. Pop. 2,568. Geserich, lake, W. Prussia, extending from Deutsch Eylau to Saalfeld, 18 miles. Gesigo Point, cape, Ireland. Lon. 8 33 W. Lat. 54" 22' N. Geslricia, province, Sweden, forming a part of the modern government of Gefleborg. Extent, 1,240 sq. miles. Pop. 27,000. The chief town in Gefle. Gesualdo, t. Naples, in the Principato Ultra, 14 m. N. W. Conza. Pop. 3,138. Getafe, t. Spain, 6 m. fr. Madrid, on the road to Toledo. Pop. 5,000. Gettysburg, p-t. and cap. Adams co. Pa. on Rock creek, one of the sources of the Monocacy, 36 m. from Williamsport, (Md.) 118 W. Philadelphia. Pop. 1,102. It contains a court-house, jail, bank, and printing-office from which a newspaper is published. Gevrai, t. France, in Cote d'Or,6 m. S. Dijon. Gewics, t. Moravia, 24 m. W. Olmutz. Lon. 16 35' E. Lat. 49 45' N. Gex, t. France, in Ain, 10 m. N. W. Geneva. Geyer, t. Saxony, in the circle of the Erzgebirge, 28 m. S. W. Freyburg. Geysers. See Iceland. Geysingen, t Baden, on the Danube, 16 m. N. Schaffhausen. Grzan, or Dsjesan, s-p. Arabia, in Yemen, 175 m. N. W. Sana. Ghalefka, s-p. Arabia, in. Yemen, 20 m. S. Ho- deida. Ghana. See Gana. G H U G I B 285 Ghauts, mouuntains, which run nearly N. and "S. through the peninsula of India, along the west coast from Surat to Cape Comorin. The western side is the highest, and is computed to be between 3,000 and 4,000 feet above the sea. On this side there are very extensive forests of teak timber, extremely valuable for ship-building. Gkedi, t. Austrian Italy, 10 m. S. Brescia. Gheelen, t. Netherlands, in Antwerp, on the Nethe, 11 m. S. Turnhout. Pop. 7,000. Gheep, district, Hind, in Lahore, between 32 and 33" N. lat. Its principal towns are Pirhala and Varsha. Ghent, a large city, Netherlands, cap. of East Flanders, on the Scheldt, at the junction of theLys. Several navigable canals divide the town into 26 islands. The streets are in general wide and straight. The houses are large, but not elegant. Among the objects of curiosity are the cathedral, distinguished for the splendour and richness of its interior; the towu-hall, the public library, the beautiful botanic garden, the. ramparts, and the numerous public walks. The principal manufac- tures are lace of great fineness, cotton, linen, silk, and woollen?. The great branch is cotton weav- ing. Here are academies for drawing, architec- ture, and the fine arts, and a provincial college, which, in 1816, was constituted one of the three universities of the kingdom of the Netherlands. Ghent is the see of a bishop. A treaty of peace between Britain and America, was signed here in December, 1814. 30 m. S. W. Antwerp, 35 N. Lille. Lon. 3 43' 50" E. Lat. 51 3' 21" N. Pop. 61,000. Ghent, p-t. Columbia co. N. Y. Pop. 2,379. Ghent, p-t. Gallatin co. Ken. on the Ohio, op- posite Vevay. Gheriah, fort, on the W. coast of India, on a promontory, near the entrance of a capacious har- bor. Lon. 73' & E. Lat. 16 32' N. Gherma. See Germa. Ghezan. See Gezan. Ghiddore, t. Bengal, in Monghir. Lon. 86 18' E. Lat. 24 50' N. Ghilan, province, Persia, extending upwards of 200 miles along the S. W. shore of the Caspian sea. Reshd is the chief town. Pop. about 1,000,000. Ghi-riala, country, W. Africa, on the N. side of the Rio Grande. Ghistel, t Netherlands, 5 m. S. Ostend. Ghivira, t. Italy, 34 m. N. N. W. Milan. Ghizne, or Zabu], district, Cabul, between 33 and 34 N. lat. and between 68 and 69 E. Ion. Ghizne, city, Cabul, once the capital of a pow- erful empire, but now scarcely retains a vestage of its former grandeur. Lon. 68 2tf E. Lat. 33 36' N. Gholsonvitte, p-v. Brunswick co. Va. Ghoraghaut, city, Bengal, on the W. bank of the Curruttya river. Lon. 89 25' E. Lat. 25 Ghoraghaut, fort, Hind, in Gujerat. Ghore, city, Afghanistan. Lon. 67 48' E. Lat. 35 45' N. Ghumishk/iana. See GemishklMna. Ghunfude, s-p. Hedsjas, in Arabia, 145 m. S. Mecca. Ghur Mokhtesir, t. Hind, in Delhi, on the Gan- ges. Lon. 78 2' E. Lat. 28 50' N. Ghurka, city, Hind, now called Aurungabad. It was once the capital of the Deccan. Although it has lost much of its ancient splendour, it has still a very extensive market place or bazar, and there are some magnificent ruins, particularly the palace and gardens of Aurungzebe. Lon. 76 3" E.Lat. 1946'N. Ghyretty, t. Bengal, on the Hoogly, 16 m. N. Calcutta. Giabbar, fort, A. Turkey, 120 m. S. S. W. Di- arbekir. Giaduroginissa. See Calderone. Giant of the Valley, mt. in Elizabethtown, Es- sex co. N. Y. Its summit is about 1 ,200 feet above the plain, and commands an extensive view of Lake Champlain and its shores. Giant's Causeway, promontory on the N. coast of Ireland. It is formed of a vast quantity of ba- saltic columns, which run out a great way into- the sea. Gianutti, small isl. in the Tuscan sea, 9 m. fr. Stato de Presidii. Giaritchas, small islands in the Eastern seas, S. E. of the island of Gilolo. Lon. 127 18' E. Lat. 3' N. Giavenno, t. Piedmont, 17 m. W. Turin, 17 E. by S. Susa. Pop. 7,500. Gibbonsville, v. in Watervliet, N. Y. Here is a United States' arsenal. Gibichenstein, v. Prussian states, in the dutchy of Magdeburg, on the Saale, 1 m. N. Halle. Gibraleon, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 44 m. W. Se- ville. Pop. 2,800. Gibraltar t a well known promontory in the S. of Spain, on the straits which connect the Atlan- tic with the Mediterranean. It consists of a great rocky mountain, running from N. to S. about 3 miles long, from a half a mile to three fourths wide, and from 1,200 to 1,400 feet high. On the N. side is an isthmus, about l miles long, and half as much broad, which connects this vast mass of rock with the continent. The N. front of the rock is almost perpendicular ; the E. side is full of frightful precipices ; while the S. being narrow and abrupt, presents hardly any possibility of ap- proach. On none of these sides has this tremen- dous mass ever been attacked. The W. front is almost as abrupt as the others, but on this side it is most vulnerable, and here are the great batteries and works of defence. The importance of Gib- raltar arises chiefly from its bay, which is of great extent, and forms a convenient naval station, be- ing protected from the more dangerous winds. Gibraltar was first fortified in the modern style in the reign of the emperor Charles V. It was ta- ken by the English in- 1704 ; it has since been re- peatedly beseiged (first in 1705, next in 1727, and lastly in 1779,) but always without success. The town of G ibraltar stands at the foot of the prom- ontory, on the N. W. side. The population, exclu- sive of the garrison, is above 12,000, partly British, Spaniards, Italians, Jews, and even Moors, all at- tracted by mercantile enterprise. The trade of the place embraces a great variety of articles. The support of this post is very expensive to Great Britain. Excavations of great extent have been made by gunpowder, to establish communications between the different posts, and enable them to be relieved without a loss of lives from the enemy's fire. 16 m. N. Ceuta, 70 S. Seville. Lon. 5 19' 4" W. Lat. 36 6' 42'' N. Gibraltar, Straits of, connect the Atlantic with the Mediterranean. The narrowest part (15 miles across) ii about 8m. W. of Gibraltar. 236 G I L Gibraltar, St. Antonio de, t. Caraccas. Lon. 70 37' VV. Lat. 9 1 1' N. Gibson, t. Clearfield co. Pa, Pop. 235. Gibson, p-t. Susquehannah co. Pa. Pop. 914. Gibso?i, co. Indiana, on the Wabash. Pop. 3,876; engaged in agriculture 808, in commerce 12, in manufactures 70. Chief town, Princeton. Gibson, L Washington co. Indiana. Gibsonport, p-t and cap. Claiborne co. Missis- sippi, on Pierre bayou, 30 m. above its entrance into the Mississippi, 45 m. N. Natches. Gibson's creek, r. Missouri Territory, which runs into the N. side of the Missouri, in Ion. 106 30' W. lat. 47 N. Gibson's store, p-v. Faquier co. Va. Gibyle, s-p. Tripoli, called in Scripture Gebal, and by the Greeks Byblos, at the mouth of the Je- bilee, 12 m. S. S. W. Tripoli. Gien, t. France, on the Loire, 38 m. S. E. Orle- ans. Lon. 2 42' E. Lat 47 41' N; Pop. 5,150. Giengcn, t. Wirtemberg, on the Brentz, 28 m. N. W. of Augsburg. Lon. 10^ 13' E. Lat. 48 45' N. Pop. 2,000. Giens, peninsula, on the coast of France, in the department of the Var, occupied as a mili- tary station. Lon. 6 7' 45" E. Lat. 43 3' 10" N. Gientofte, v. Denmark, a little N. Copenha- yen. Gierace, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 34 m. E. N. E. Reggio. Lon. 16 30' E. Lat. 38 6' N. Pop. 6,000. Giessen, t. Hesse-Darmstadt, between the Lahn and the Wiesek. A university was founded here in 1607. Pop. 7,700. 6 m. E. Wetzlar, 36 N. E. Mentz. Lon. 8 43' E. Lat. 50 25' N. Geissenheim, small isl. in the Rhine, opposite Tlaguenau. Gifhorn, t Hanover, in Luneburg, at the influx f the Ise into the Aller, lira. N. Brunswick. Giggleswick, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 1 m. N. W. Settle. Pop. 647. Gigha, isl. one of the Hebrides. Pop. 850. Lon. 5 43' W. Lat. 55 44' N. Giglio, Isold di, isl. Tuscany, 14 or 15 m. from ;he isthmus of Monte Argentaro, 17 W. Porto Er- cale. Lon. 10 55' E. Lat. 42 24' N. Gignac,t. France, on- the Herault, 14m. E. S. E. Lodeve. Lon. 3 38' E. Lat. 43 49' N. Gijon, s-p. Spain, in Asturia. The harbor is very good, and is the most frequented in the prov- ince. Here is a school for navigation, mineralo- gy and mathematics ; 18 m. N. Oviedo. Lon. 5 44 '47'' W. Lat. 43 35' 19" N. Pop. 3,200. Gila, Rio, r. Mexico, which runs into the gulf of California, just below th,e Colorado, in 33 N. lat. Length, 600 miles. Gilboa, p-v. Schohurie co. N. Y. Gilead, t. Oxford co. Maine, on the Androscog- gin, 30 m. W. Paris. Pop. 328. Giles, co. in the W. part of Va. inclosed by Greenbriar, Monroe, Montgomery, Tazewell and Kenhawa counties. Pop. 4,521 ; slaves 307 ; en- gaged in agriculture 1,222, in commerce 2, in manufactures 20. Chief town, Davisburg. Giles,co. West-Tennessee, on Elk river, border- ing on Alabama. Pop. 12,588 ; slaves 3,261, en- gaged in agriculture, 3,288, in commerce 1 9, in manufactures 189. Chief town, Pulaski. At the court-house is a post-office. Gilford, t. Stratford co. N. II. on the S. side of Lake Winnipiseogee, 23 m. N. E. Concord. Gtfdersomt, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 5 m. S. W. Leeds. G I R Gilgenberg, t. East Prussia, 90 m. S. K berg. Gi/ton, isl. off the E. end of Madura island. Lon. 114 40' E. Lat. 7 5' S. Gill, t. Franklin co. Mass, on the W. side oi Connecticut river, 3 m. E. Greenfield. Pop. 800. Giileland, settlement, and seat of justice, Miller co. Arkansas. Gilleesee Strait, or Alias Strait, strait between the islands of Sumbawa and Lombock ; 45 miles wide. Gilleypie^s store, p-v. Blount co. Ten. Gilling, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 4 m. N. E. Rich- mond. Gillingham, v. Eng. in Dorsetshire, 4 m. N. W. Shaftsbury. Gillingham, v. Eng. in Kent, 1 ^ m. N. E. Chat- ham. Pop. 5, 135. Gillori, isl. off the coast of Alabama, on the W. side of Mobile bay, at its mouth. It is separated from the main by a strait, called Passe au Heron, which has 4 feet water. On the S. a narrow chan- nel divides it from Dauphin island. Gillsland, watering place, Eng. in Cumberland, 18 m. N. E. Carlisle. Gilly, t. Netherlands, in Ilainault Pop. 3,050. 3 m. E. by N. Charleroy. GiZman/own, p-t Strufford co. N.H. on the S.W side of Winnipiseogee lake, 17 m. N.E.Concord, 44 N. W. Portsmouth. The courts of the county are held alternately here and at Rochester. It contains 6 churches and a flourishing academy. Here are a cotton factory, iron foundry, 1 1 saw- mills, and 14 grist-mills. . Pop. 3,527. Gilmanion, Lower, p-v. in Gilmanton, N. H. Gilmerton, v. Scotland, 4 m. S. Edinburgh. Gilolo, one of the Molucca islands, of an ex- tremely irregular form, consisting of four penin- sulas, separated from each other by deep bays. Th sago and fruit trees flourish here in great abun- dance. The town of Ossa, in Ion. 128* 22" E. lat. 45' N. affords every convenience for ships touching at the islands. Gilsum, t. Cheshire co. N. H. 37 m. S. Con- cord. Pop. 601. Ginbala, territory of Central Africa, on the Niger, W. of Tombuctoo. Gingee, district, India, in the Carnatic, between 12 and 13 N. lat. Gingee, the capital is in Lon. 79 34' E. Lat. 12 15' N. Gingerah, fortified isl. on the VV. coast of India. Lon. 73 6' E. Lat. 18 15' N. Ginniken, v. Netherlands, 6 m. S. E. Breda. Gioja, t. Naples, in Bari, 14 m. S. S. W. Con- versano. Pop. 1,800. Giorgiev, t Eu. Turkey, in Walachia, on the Danube, 40m. S. W. Bucharest. Lon. 25 18' E. Lat. 43 38' N. Giornico, or Irnis,t. Switzerland, in Ticino, 13 m. N. Bellinzona. Giiirrnasso, t. on the E. coast of Naples, 10 m. W. N. W. Bari. Lon. 16 4'/ E. Lat. 41 17' N. Girdlencss, promontory on the E. coast of Scot- land, at the south point of the mouth of the river Dee, 2 m. S. Aberdeen. Lat. 57 8' N. Girge, t. Upper Egypt, of which till very late- ly it was the capital. It is about \ of a mile from the river. 215 m. S. Cairo. Lon. 31 5' 2" E. Lat. 37 22; N. Girgenti, or Fivme di Naro, r. Sicily, which falls into the Mediterranean near Girgenti. Girgtnti, e-p. Sicily, in Val di Mazzara. Here G L A stood the ancient Agrigentum, the magnificent ru- ins of which are still to be seen. It is a bishop's see. The principal commerce is in corn. 60 m. S. Palermo, 27 N. W. Alicata. Lon. 13 49' E. Lat. 37 23' N. Pop. 12,000. Giromagny, t. France, in Upper Rhine, 7 m. N. Befort, 34 S. W. Colmar. Pop. 1,652. Gironde, r. France, formed by the union of the Garonne and Dordogne. It falls into the Atlantic after a course of 27 miles, in lat. 45 35' N. Girondc, a department in the S. W. of France. Pop. 515,000, of whom about 60,000 are Protest- ants. The great product of the department is wine, of which it is computed that 800,000 hogs- heads are made annually. Bourdeaux is the cap- ital. Girths town, Allen co. Ohio, near Fort St. Mary. Gisborough. See Guisboyough. Gisburn, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 10m. S.W. Skip- ton. Gisors, t. France, in Eure, 32 m. N. E. Evreux. Lon. 143'E. Lat. 49 16' N. Pop. 3,500. Gitomir, fort, Russia. L<5n. 28 38' E. Lat. 50 15' 37" N. Gitschin, t. Bohemia, 28 m. N.W. Konigingratz. Lon. 15 20' E. Lat. 50 23' N. Guideca, or Zuecca, isl. in the Lagunes of Vin- ice, about a mile from that city. Givet, strong t. on the frontiers of France, in Ardennes, on the Me use, 15 m. N. E. Rocroy, 24 N. Mezieres. Lon. 4 51' E. Lat. 50 7' N. Pop. 3,500. Giula. See Gyula. Giulia Nuovo, t. Naples, in the Abruzza Citra, 12 m. E. N. E. Teramo. Girors, t. France, dep. of the Rhone, 6 m. N. W. Vienna. Pop. 1,690. Giiry, t. France, in Saone and Loire, 4 m. W. Chalons. Lon. 4 50' E. Lat. 46 47' N. Pop. 2,582. Giseh, v. Egypt, on the Nile, nearly opposite Cairo, chiefly distinguished by the famous pyra- mids in its immediate neighborhood. 3 m. S. W. Cairo. Gladbach, t. Prussian states, 16 m. N. Juliers. Lon. 6 15' E. Lat. 51 14' N. Pop. about 6,000. Gladsmuir, parish, Scotland, Haddington co. on the frith of Forth. Glammis, v. Scotland, in Forfar co. 5 m. W. Forfar. Glamorgan, co. Wales, extending along the N. shore of the Bristol channel. Extent, 527,000 acres, or 822 square miles. Immense quantities of iron and coal are found here, and -hence this has become one of the principal mining and manufac- turing counties in the kingdom. The principal iron works are Merthyr Tydvil, the greatest of the kind, perhaps, in the world. Pop. in 1811, 85,967. Families, 18,695, of which number ,8,21 7 were employed in agriculture, 7,915 in commerce and manufactures, and 2,563 otherwise. Glandercs, t. France, dep. of Var, on the Var. Lon G" 48' 25'' E. Lat. 4356'43/' N. Glandeics. See Enlreeaux. Glandford Bridge or Brigg, t. Eng. in Lincoln- )nr . on the Ankholme, which is navigable from the Humber. 23 m. N. E. Lincoln. Giants, or G/am, canton, Switzerland, bound- f those of St. Gall, the Grisons, Uri, and . Extent, 400 sq. miles. Pop. 19,280, Jnncipally protestanta. Glarus, the chief town, G L A 287 is 32 m. E. Lucerne. Lon. 9 13' E. Lat. 47 6' N. Pop. 2,500. Glasgow, city, Scotland, in Lanark co. long dis- tinguished for its extensive commerce and manu- factures. It is on the Clyde, which is navigable to the city for vessels drawing 7 or 8 feet of water. There are many magnificent public buildings in Glasgow, of which the cathedral, or high church, is the chief. There are several charitable estab- lishments, and 35 places of public worship. The university of Glasgow was founded in 1450, and at present, consists of a lord chancellor, lord rec- tor, dean of faculty, the principal, and 17 profes- sors. At present there are about 1,400 students. Exclusive of a valuable and extensive library, founded upwards of two centuries ago, in which there are many very rare books ; the celebrated Dr. William Hunter of London, bequeathed his whole museum, one of the most valuable collec- tions in Europe, of natural history, paintings, me- dals, anatomical preparations, books, &c. A very useful institution was founded in 1796, by the late Mr. Anderson, with a view to afford a regular course of instruction to those persons who do not intend to enter any of the universities. Courses of popular lectures are given on natural and ex- perimental philosophy, mathematics, chemistry, botany, and natural history. There is a class for mechanics, which is most numerously attended, ir>. which the above sciences are taught at a very moderate rate. The situation of Glasgow is singularly favora- ble for trade, placed on the borders of one of the richest coal and mineral fields in the island, while the Atlantic opens to it on the one hand, through the river Clyde, and the North Sea on the other, through the Forth and Clyde canal and the frith of Forth. Among other works belonging to Glas- gow, are 52 cotton mills, containing 511,200 spin- dles, and employing a capital of 1,000,000?.; 18 works for weaving by power, which contain 2,800 looms, producing 8,400 pieces of cloth weekly ; 17 calendar houses, who have 39 calendars moved by steam; these calendar daily 118,000 yards of cloth, besides dressing 117,000, and glazing 30,000 yards. There are 18 calico printing works; 9 iron foundries ; and 73 steam engines. The com- munication of Glasgow with the country along the shores of the Clyde, has been greatly aided by steam-boats, of which there are now 16 plying on the Clyde. Pop. in 1780, 42,832 in 1785, 45,889 in 1791, 66,578, in 1801, 83,769, in 1811, 1 10,460, in 1818, estimated at 120,000. Lon. 4* 15' 51" W. Lat. 55 52' 10'' N. Glasgow, Port, Scotland, in Renfrew co. on the frith of Clyde, 2 m. above Greenock, 20 below Glasgow. The town is very neatly built, sur- rounded with many pleasant villas, with their gar- dens ; and the environs are extremely picturesque. The trade of this port is chiefly dependent on Glas- gow. Pop. in 1811,5,116. Glasgow, p-t. and cap. Barren co. Ken. 32 m. from Cumberland court-house, 145 S. W. Lexing- ton. Pop. in 1810,244. Her is a bank. Glassborough, v. Gloucester co. N. J. 20 m. S, E. Philadelphia. Here is a glass factory. Glasshouses, three hills on the east coast of New Holland. Lat. 26 28' S. Glastenbury, p-t. Hartford co. Ct. on the E. side of Connecticut river, 8 m. below Hartford. Pop. 3,114. It contains 4 churches, 2 for Congrega- Uonalists, 1 for Episcopalians, and 1 for Methodists. 288 G L O In this town, there are many mills and manufacto- ries. Glastonbury, t. Eng. near Wells, in Somerset- shire, famous for the ruins of its abbey, the oldest, and for a long time the richest and most magnifi- cent in England. Pop. in 181 1, 2,340. 130 m.W. by S. London. Lon. 2 42' W. Lat. 51 9' N. Glastonbury, t. Benniugton eo. Vt. 9 m. N. E. Bennington. Pop. 48. Glatz, t. Silesia, on the Neiss, in a narrow valley between two lofty hills. On one of these stands the old castle, and on the other a modern regular fortress. 55 m. S. by W. Breslau, 94 E. Prague. Lon. 16 26' E. Lat. 50 16' N. Pop. 6,700. Glatzergebirge, ridge of mountains in the N. E. of Bohemia, forming part of the Sudetic chain. Glauchau. See Halle. Glauchau, t. Saxony, on the Mulda, 53 m. W. Dresden, 6 N. Zwickau. Lou. 12 25' E. Lat. 50 45' N. Pop. 4,000. Glcichen JVeue. See Pleisse. Glen, r. Eng. which runs into the Wash, 5 m. N. E. Spalding. Glenans, group of small islands on the coast of France, 1 1 m. S. Concarneau. Lon. 4 8 r 30" E. Lat. 47 37' 20" N. Gleneoe, vale, Scotland, in Argyllshire, near the head of Loch Etive. Glengary, district, Scotland, in Inverness shire. Glennie's Isles, small islands, New Holland, in Bass's strait, in Ion. 146 24' E. lat.39 Hi' S, Glens, p-v. Gloucester co. Va. Glenns falls, in Hudson river, N. Y. 3 m. above Sandy hill, 6 above Baker's falls. The bed of the river is here 40 rods broad, consists of irregular ledges of rocks which rise like steps one above another. Over these rocks, the water pours in one stream when the river is high, and at other times in several streams. The perpendicular de- scent according to Doctor Dwight, is 70 feet ; others make it less. At the falls is the village of Glenville. Glenn's run, r. Ohio, in Belmont co. which runs into the Ohio, 20 m. below Steubenville. Glenshee, (Spittal of,} pass in the Highlands of Scotland, 77 m. N. by W. Edinburgh, 22N. Cupar Angus. Glenville, t. Schenectady co. N. Y. 16 m. from Albany. Pop. 2,5 14. Glenville, p-v. Warren co. N. Y. on the N. side of the Hudson, at Glenn's falls. It stands at the meeting of 4 considerable roads, and a bridge is here thrown across the river, below the falls? Glocester. See Gloucester. Glockner, one of the highest mountains in Eu- rope, on the confines of Saltzburg, the Tyrol, and Carinthia. It is computed to be 12,760 feet above the level of the sea. Lon. 12 51' 40" E. Lat. 47 4'3^'N. Glogau, a strongly fortified t. Silesia, near the Oder, 60 m. N. W. Breslau. Lon. 16 6' 45' E. Lat. 51 38' N. Pop. 9,000, of whom 2,000 are Jews. Glogau, Little or Upper, t. Silesia, 21 m. S. Op- peln. Glomme, r. Norway, which falls into the Catte- gat, at Frederickstadt. It is 300 miles long, and the largest in Norway. Glotta, the ancient name of the Clyde. Gloucester, one of the western counties of Eng- land, along the vale of the Severn. Extent, 1,220 G L U square miles. Pop. in 1811,285,514. Families, 62,092 ; of whom 20,782 were employed in agri- culture, 29,988 in trade and manufactures, and 11,322 otherwise. Gloucester, city, Eng. cap. of Gloucester co. isoa the Severn, 30 m. above its junction with the Bris- tol channel. It possesses by nature considerable facilities for commerce, and these have been great- ly improved by several canals. The chief manu- factory is that of pins, which is the most extensive in the kingdom. Gloucester contains a magnifi- cent cathedral, five parish churches, several meet- ing houses, and a synagogue. A mineral spring, surpassing those of Cheltenham in its powers, has recently been discovered here. Gloucester is the see of a bishop. It returns 2 members to parlia- ment. Pop. 8,280. 106 m. W. by S. London. Lon. 213'W. Lat. 51 51' N. Gloucester, a town of liberated negroes, in the colony of Sierra Leone. Pop. 720. Gloucester, cape on the coast of New Britain. Lon. 148 15' E. Lat. 5 54' S. Gloucester, t. Russel co. Up. Canada, on Otta- wa river. Gloucester, p-t. and port of entry, Essex co. Mass, on Cape Ann, at the N. extremity of Massachu- setts bay, 16 m. N. E. Salem, 34 N. E. Boston. It contains a bank, and 6 houses of public worship, 5 for Congregationalists, and one for Universalists. Gloucester is one of the most considerable fishing towns in the Commonwealth. The harbor is very open, and accessible to large ships, and from Squam and Sandy bay, two small outports, the bay fishery is carried on with great spirit, and to a large amount. The principal part of Gloucester is a peninsula, connected with the main by a very narrow isthmus. There is a canal across the isth- mus, for the passage of small vessels. On the S. E. side of the town is Thatcher's island, on which are two light-houses. The amount of shipping in 1816, was 1 1 ,080 tons. Pop. 6,384. Gloucester, t. Providence co. R. I. 16 m. N. W. Providence. Pop. 2,504. The compact part of the town is called Chepachet, which see. Gloucester, co. N. J. extends across the State from the Atlantic to Delaware river, bounded N. by Burlington co. E. by the Atlantic, S. by Cape May, Cumberland, and Salem counties, and W. by Delaware river. Pop. 23,089. Engaged in agri- culture 2,017, in commerce 249, in manufactures 1,079. Chief towns, Woodbury and Gloucester. Gloucester, t. Gloucester co. N. J. on the Dels ware, 3 m. below Philadelphia. Pop. 2,721. Gloucester, co. Va. on the western shore of the Chesapeake, bounded N. by Piankitank river which separates it from Middlesex co. E. by Mat- thews co. and Chesapeake bay, S. by York river, which divides it from York co. and W. by King- and-Queen co. Pop. 9,678. Slaves 5,208. En- gaged in agriculture 3,050, in commerce 18, in manufactures 292. At the court-house is a post- office. Gloucester, t. Gloucester co. Va. on the N. side of York river, opposite Yorktown. Gloucester House, post in N. America, belonging to the Hudson's bay company. Lon. 86 59' W. Lat. 51 24' N. Glover, t. Orleans co. Vt 33 m. N. N. E. Mont- pelier. Pop. 549. Glover's Reef, rocks, on the bay of Honduras. Lon. 8820'W. Lat. 16 N. Gloydsborovsh, p-v. Hampshire co. Va. Gluchov, t. Eu. Russia, in Czernigor. 40 m, E. G O A S. E. Novgorod Sieverskoi. Lon. 34 20' 15" E. Lat. 51 40' 30" N. Fop. 7,000. Gluckstadi, t. Denmark, iu Holstein, near the mouth of the Elbe, at the spot where it receives the Rhu. It is a regular and well built place, with a harbor. It is^of importance to Denmark, as it commands, iu a considerable degree, the ac- cess to Hamburgh. Pop. 5,200. 28 m. N. W. Hamburgh. Lon. 9 20' E. Lat. 53 51' N. Glurenlz, t. Tyrol, on the Adige, 36 m. W. Brixen. Lon. 10 26' E. Lat. 46 38' N. Glyr*n,co. Eastern district of Geo. bounded N. by the Alatamaha, which separates it from Mac- intosh co. E. by the Atlantic, S. by Camden co. and W. by Wayne co. Pop. 3,418. Slaves 2,760. Engaged in agriculture 176, in commerce 6. Chief town, Brunswick. Glynrumney, hamlet, Wales, in Glamorgan- shire, on the ilumney, l m. fr. Caerdift". Gnadenhutten, p-t. Tuscarawas co. Ohio, on the E. side of the Muskingum, 11 m. S. New Philadel- phia. Gnadenthal, a missionary settlement of the United Brethren among the Hottentots, in S. Afri- ca. Pop. in 1820, above 1,400. 150m. E. by N. Capetown. Gnazoom, t. Ava, on the Irrawuddy river. Lon. 9527'E. Lat. 21 54 N. Gnesna, t. Prussian Poland, once the capital t>f Great Poland, 30 m. E. by N. Posen. 150 W. War- saw. Lon. 17 42 E. Lat. 52 26' N. Pop. 3,500. Gocc, district, belonging to the Portuguese, 40 miles long by 20 broad, on the W. coastTof India, between 15 and 16 N. lat. Goa, a celebrated city, and cap. of all the Portu- guese settlements in India, is on an island about 24 miles in circumference, at the mouth of the Mandova river. It in fact consists of two cities : the old one, which is 8 miles up the river, is now almost deserted by the secular Portuguese, it be- ing unhealthy, and the seat of the inquisition. It however contains many magnificent churches, and exhibits specimens of architecture superior to any thing attempted by Europeans in other parts of India. The viceroy and principal inhab- itants reside in the new city, which is at the mouth of the river within the forts. It possesses two harbors, one on each side of the island, both of which are well defended. The towns are also fortified, but are of too great an extent to with- stand a siege, if the enemy wore in possession of the remainder of the island. It still carries on an inconsiderable trade with the mother country, with China and the coast of Africa. Pop. of the rity and island, about 20,000 ; of these, very few are genuine Portuguese. Lon. 73 57' E. Lat. 15 30' N. Goahiros, Indians, Caraccas, 30,000 in number, occupying a tract 30 leagues in extent, W. of the gulf of Maracaibo. Goalparah, t. Bengal, on the S. bank of the Brahmapootra, near the frontiers of Assam. Con- siderable trade is carried on here with the As- .-i.mesc. Lon. 90 32' E. Lat. 26" 8' N. Goanrf, mountainous district, Hind, in Gund- wana, intersected by the Mahanuddy river. Gnat Island, small isl. R. I. in the harbor of Newport. See Newport. (ion i Island. See Niagara Falls. Goat Island, isl. near the S. coast of Jamaica. Lon. 76 51' E. Lat. 17 53' N. Goave, Petit, s-p, Hispaniola, with a harbor ca- 37 G O I 289 pable of receiving vessels of the largest size s*fe from winds. This town is the staple to which the inhabitants of Grand Goave and other places send their commodities. 20 m. W. S. W. Leogane. Lon. 73 37' VV. Lat. 18 26' N. Gobb-i, district, W. Africa, S. of Cape Lopez Gonsalvo. Gobin, t. France, in Aisne. Here is one of the most celebrated manufactures of mirrors in Eu- rope. 1 1 m. W. Laon, 25 E. Chauny. Gocauk, t. Hind, in Bejapoor. Lon. 75 6' E. Lat. 16 n 20' N. Goch, t. Prussian States, on the Niers, 6 m. S. Cleves. Pop. 2,400. Gochshcim, t. Baden, 27 m. N. N. W. Stut- gard. God's House, League of. See Grisons. God's Mercy, Islands /'. small islands, in Hud- son's straits. Lon. 73 W.' Lat 63 45' N. Godalming, t. Eng. in Surry, 34 m. S. W. Lon- don. Lon. 3ff W. Lat. 51 11' N. Pop. 3,543. Godarery Point, the S. point at the entrance of the N. branch of Godavery river. Lon. 82 32' E. Lat. 16 43' N. Godavery, r. India, which rises on the E. side of the Ghaut mountains, about 70 miles N. E. of Bombay, and running E. and S. E. 800 miles, falls into the bay of Bengal, by two mouths, between 16 and 17 N. lat. Godefroi, fief, Buckingham co. Lower Canada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 3 m. S. W. Three Rivers. Godmanci 'tester, v. Eng. 1m S. E. Huntingdon. Godmanfhes'er, t. Huntingdon co. Lower Can- ada, on the St. Lawrence, 40 m. S. W. Montreal. Godo, t, Arabia, on the Persian gulf, 140 m. W. Tulfar. Godolphin, small v. Eng. in Cornwall, 5 m. N. W. Helstone. Godon, isl. on the coast of Norway, near Sud- raer. Gochi-nrah, district, Hind, in Gujerat, between 21 and 22 N. lat. on the gulf ofCambay. Its chief town is Gogo. Goes, or Ter Goes, t. Netherlands, in the island of South Beveland, with a harbor at the E. mouth of the Scheldt, 10 m. E. Flushing. Lon. 3 53' 31'* E. Lat. 51 30' 18'' N. Pop. 3,700. Goffsloirn, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H. on the W. side of the Merrimack, at Amoskeag falls, 15 m. S. Concord, 13 N. N. E. Amherst. Pop. 2,173. At the falls, a bridge is thrown across the river. Goggrahj r. called also the Sarfew and Dera in different parts of its course, (an. dgoramis,) which rises in the mountains that divide Hindos- tan from Tibet, and joins the Ganges at Manjee. It is navigable for large boats to the foot of the hills. Gogna, or Agogna, r. Piedmont, which runs in- to the Po, 7 m. S. S. E. Lumello. Gogo, s-p. Hind, in Gujerat, on the gulf of Cambay. Lon. 72 21' E. Lat. 21 41' N. Gohud, district, Hind, in Agra, on the Chum- bul, between 26 and 27 N. lat. Gohud, the capital, stands in lat. 26 21' N. and Ion. 78 21 / E. Gojam, province, in the S. E. part of Abyssinia. Goiana, city of Brazil, in Itamarca, on the river Goiana, 3 leagues above its mouth. Lon 35 16' W. Lat. 7 39' S. Goiaz, a province or capitanata of Brazil, bounded E. by Minus Gcraes, W. by Matto Gros- 290 COM so, and N. by Para. It extends from lat. 6 to 21 S. Villa Boa is its principal town. It possesses many gold mines. Diamonds also have been found in some parts. Goisern,t. Austria, on the Ischel, 5 m. N. Hall- stadt. Pop. 3,200. Goito, t. Austrian Italy, on the Mincio, 9 m. N. N. \V. Mantua. Pop. 1,600. Go/far, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 4 m. W. Hudders- field. Pop. 2,122. Golconda, t. Pope co. Illinois, on the Ohio. Golcondali, province, Hind, now called Hydera- bad. It was formerly celebraded for its diamond mines. See Hyderabad. Golcondah, or Manlcul, t. and fort, Hind, in Hy- derabad. It is strongly fortified, both by nature and art, and is considered by the natives impreg- nable. 6 m. fr. the city of Hyderabad. Lon. 78 35' E. Lat. 17 18' N. Gold Coast. See Guinea. Goldach. See Aack. Goldap, t. East Prussia, 22 m. S. Gumbinnen, 76 E S. E. Konigsberg. Goldberg, t. Silesia, on the Katzbach, 11 m. S. W. Liegnitz, 12 VV. N. W. Jauer. Lou. 15 53' E. Lat. 51 4' N. Pop. 6,000. Goldengrove, p-v. Greenville district, S. C. Goldingen, or Kuldiga, t. Eu. Russia, in Cotir- land, on the Windau, 52 m W. by N. Mittau. Lon. 21 44' E. Lat. 56 51' N. Goldlauter, v. Prussian Saxony, in the forest of Thuringia, with 1,000 inhabitants, formerly em- ployed in mining ; but their mines having become unproductive, they are now occupied in the man- ufacture of cotton 12 m. N. E. Meinungen. Goldsboroueh, p-t. Hancock co. Maine, 40 m. E. Castine, 188 N. E. Portland. Lon. 68 3' W. Lat. 44 19' N. Pop. 560. Goletta, the port of Tunis. It has 6 feet water, and is defended on each side by a castle. Golinda, small isl. near the N. coast of Cuba. Lon. 80 4' W. Lat. 23 20' N. Gollach, r. Francouia, which falls into the Tau- ber, 5 m. S. W. Aub. Gollancourt, v. France, in Oise, near Noyou. Gollen, or Gella, strait of the Baltic, between Stralsund and the island of llugen. Golnitz, t. Upper Hungary, 14 m. S. E. Kaps- dorf. Lon. 20 57' 17" E. Lat. 48 50' 27" N. Pop. 5,000. Golnow, t. Pomerania, 20m.N. N. W. Stargard, 14 N. E. Stettin. Lon. 14 57' E. Lat. 53 37' N. Golspie, v. Scotland, in Sutherland. Gombin, t. Poland, 11 m. S. Plock. Gombroon, or Bunder Abbas, s-p. Laristan, in Persia, on a bay of the gulf of Ormus. It was for- merly the port of Schiras, and of all the South of Persia, and its trade is still considerable. Lon. 56 ^E. Lat.27"l'N. Pop. 9,000. Combs. See Conches. Gomer, co. Hungary, on the rivers Rima and Sa- jo, between the counties of Liptau and Borsod. Corner, the capital, is 92 m. N. N. E. Buda, 180 E. by N. Vienna. Gomera, Vdez, or Bedis de Pegnon, (an. Belis,) fort, Fez, near the coast of the Mediterranean. Gomera, isl. one of the Canaries, 20 miles long, and 10 wide, 18 m. S.VV. Teneriffe. Lon. 17 8'W. Lat. 28 6' N. Pop. 7,000. Gomersall, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 5 m. S. E. Brad- ford. Pop. 5,002. GOO Gommtrn, t. Prussian Saxony, 7 m. E. S. E. Magdeburg. Pop. 1,159. GOWK/, r. Bengal, which falls into the Megna, some miles N. of Chandpoor. Gonavc, isl, on the W. side of St. Domingo, in the bay of Leogane ; 40 m. N. VV. Port au Prince. Gonaves, the chief town, has an excellent harbour and a medicinal spring, at which baths are erect- ed, and an hospital for soldiers and sailors. Lon. 72" 36' 45" W. Lat. 19 27' \. Gondar, cap. of Abyssinia, in Africa, contain- ing in time of peace 10,000 families. The houses are only of one story, built of clay, with the roofs thatched in the form of cones. It is now in the hands of the Galla. Lon. 37 40' E. Lat. 12 30' N. Gondrecourt, t. France, 21 in. S. E. Bar le Due, 9 S.VV. Vancouleur?. Gonich, t. A. Turkey, in Guriel, on the Black sea, S. of the Phasis, 80 m. E. N. E. Trebisond. Gonnesse, t. France, 9 m. N. Paris. Gonong A pi, one of the smaller Band a islands. Gonong Tello Bay, or Tominie, large bay, Cele- bes. Lon. of the entrance 124 E, Lat. 12' S. Gonong Tello, t. Celebes, on the bay of Gonong Tello. The inhabitants are mostly Malays, who export gold, tortoise shell, &c. and import arms, gunpowder und cutlery. Lon. 123 E. Lat. 28' N. Goober. See Guber. Goochland, co. Va. on the N. side of James riv- er, inclosed by Louisa, Hanover, Henrico, Pow- hatan, and Fluvanna counties. Pop. 10,007. Slaves 5,526. Engaged in agriculture 3,201, in manufactures 296. At the court-house is a post- office, 32 m. N. W. Richmond. Good Fortune, or Poru, isl. near the W. coast of Sumatra. Lon. 98 30' E. Lat. 15' S. Good Hope, or Hope Island, isl. in the S. Pacific. Lon. 174 50' E. Lat. 16 S. Good Hope. See Cape of Good Hope. Good Woman River, small r. which falls into the Missouri from the S. 190m. above its mouth. Good's Island, isl. New Holland, in Torres strait. Lon. 142 10' E. Lat. 1032'S. Goodingary, t. India, in Tinnevelly, on the sea coast, opposite Ceylon. Lon. 78 3 E. Lat. 8 20' N. Goodwin Sands, a range of sand banks in the English channel, off the coast of Kent. They ex- tend 10 miles from opposite llamsgate to opposite Kingsdown. Goodu-insrille, p-v. Dinwiddie co. Va. Goul fey. See Newborough. Gorgona, small isl. in the Pacific, off the coast of Peru. Lat. 3 2' N. ma, Isola di, small isl. in the Tuscan sen, 30 m. W. by 5. Leghorn. Lon. 9 23' E. Lut. 43 G O S 291 Gorgona La. See Margaritta. Gorgue, t. France, dep. of North, on the Lys, 12 m. W. Lille. Pop. 3,000. Gorham, p-t. Cumberland co. Maine, 9 m. N. W. Portland. It contains an academy and two churches, round which is a considerable village. Pop. 2,800. Gorham, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y. 8 m. E. Canan- daigua, 10 W. Geneva. It contains 2 churches, 1 for Episcopalians and 1 for Presbyterians. Gorits, or Gorz, a circle of the new kingdom of Illyria, in the Austrian empire. Extent, 974 sq. miles. Pop. 116,000. Goritz, the capital, is on the Isorizo, 20 m. N. N. W. Trieste. Lon. 13 28'' 45" E. Lat. 45 57' 30" N. Pop. 9,000. Gorilsa, t. in the N. of Greece, on the site of the ancient Demetrias, 3m. E. of Volo. Gorlitz, t. Prussian States, in Lusatia, on the Neisse, noted for its woollen manufactures. It contains 6 churches ; 50 m. E. of Dresden, 68 N. Prague. Lon. 15 31' E. Lat. 51 9' N. Pop. 8,500. Gorachomfz, t. Eu. Russia, 72 m. E. Vladimir. Lon. 42 34 E. Lat. 56 10' N. Pop. 1,242. Gorodischtje, t. Eu. Russia, in Niznei-Novgorod. Pop. 6,000. Gorodischtje, t. Russia, on the Dnieper, 112 m. S.E.Kiev. Lon. 32 54' E. Lat. 49 N. Gorodischtje, t. Russia, 32 m. E. S. E. Penza, Lon. 46 34 E. Lat. 53 20' N. Pop. 3,600. Goron, t. France, 9 m. N. W. Mayenne. Gorsa, a small isl. near the S. coast of Cub#. Lon. 81 25' W. Gorzagna, t. Piedmont, on the Bormida, 13 m. S. E. Alba. Lon. 8 17' E. Lat. 44 38' N. Gorse, t. France, in Moselle, 7 m. S. W. Metz. Lon. 6 ll'E. Lat. 49 3' N. Go.ifteld, t. Essex co. Upper Canada, on Lake Erie. Goshen, t. Cheshire co. N. H. 27 m. W. Cou- cord. Pop. 687. Goshen, t. Addison co. Vt. 31 m. S. W. Montpe- lier. Pop. 290. Goshen, p-t. Hampshire co. Mass. 12 m. N. W. Northampton, 1 12 W. Boston. Pop. 632. Goshen, p-t. Litchfield co. Ct. on the Green- Mountain range, 6 m. N. W. Litchfield, 32 W. Hartford. Pop. 1 ,586. It is famous for its cheese. Goshen, p-t. Orange co. N. Y. 20 in. W. West- point, 63 N. New-York. Pop. 3,44 1. The courts of the county are held alternately here and at Newburg. Goshen village is pleasantly situated, and contains the court-house and jail, a bank, an academy and 2 or 3 printing offices. Goshen, t. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 1 ,492. Goshen, p-v. Loudon co. Va. 35 m. fr. Washing- ton. Goshm, p-t. Lincoln co. Geo. a little W. of Sa- vannah river. Goshen^ t. Bclmont co. Ohio, 10 m. S. W. St. Chiirsville, Pop. 1,416. Goshen, t. Clermont co. Ohio, on the Little Mi- ami, 18 m. N. W. Williamsburg. Pop. 755. Goshen, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. Pop. 492. Goshen, t. Tuscanuvas co. Ohio, in which is New- Philadelphia, the capital of the county. Pop. 368. Goshen, t. Champaign co. Ohio. Pop. 911. Gofhcn, t. St. Clair co. Illinois. Pop. in 1810, 1,725. Goshen hill, p-v. Spartanburg co. S. C. Goslar, L Hanover, in the principality of Hil- dftsheim, on the Gosse, near the Ocker, and at the foot of the moutttam called RarnoUberg. The in- 292 G O T habitants are mostly Lutiv'rans, and their chief employment is mining and bn win.,'. U was t-u- merly'afree imperial town, 23 m. *. Brunswick, 25 S. Wolfenbuttel. Lon. 10 31' E. Lat. 51 53' N. Pop. 5,700. Gosport, t. Eng. in Hampshire, on a projecting point of land at the \V. side of the entrance to Portsmouth harbor. Being in the immediate vi- cinity of the great naval rcudc/.voL;e of the king- dom, it has risen to be a towu of importance. IS u- mcrous government works have been established here for supplying the wants of the navy, exten- sive barracks also for the accommodation of the military. Here are immense magazines of pow- der, an extensive iron foundry for the manufac- ture of anchors ; and liaslar royal hospital for sick and wounded seamen, a magnificent building, capable of accommodating 2,000 patients. There is a missionary seminary at Gosport, in which many of the missionaries of the London society are educated. The number of students in 1819 was 21. Pop. 7,708. 1 mile N. W. Portsmouth. Lon. 1 T W. Lat. 50 47' N. Gosport, t. N. H. See Isles of Shoals. Gosport, t. Norfolk co. Va. on Elizabeth river 1* m. S. Norfolk. Here is one the United States.' navy yards. G'ossaM,t.Switz. 7 m. W. St. Gall. Gosselies, v. Netherlands, in Haiuault, 6 m. N. Charleroi. Pop. 2,872. Gosiadt, t. Saxony, in Erzgebirge, 8 m. S. VVol- kenstein. Lon. 13 2' E. Lat. 50~ 26' N. Gostinin, t. Poland, 14 m. S. W. Plock. GO//ICT, t. Germany, cap. of the dutchy of Saxe- Gotha, is on the Leine. In the castle where the duke resides, it deposited a valuable library, con- taining 60,000 printed volumes. Here is also an arsenal and an extensive cabinet of natural histo- ry, artificial curiosities, and medals. Attached to this cabinet is a numesmatic library, containing upwards of 6,000 scarce and valuable works on coins. A considerable traific takes place between Leipzicand the rest of Germany through the me- dium of this town; 31 m. W. Weimar, 78 W. S. W. Leipzic. Lon. 10 42' 53'' E. Lat. 50 5V N. Pop. 11,500. Gotha, 6'o.re, a dutchy of Germany, composed of the principality of Gotha, the greatest part of the principality of Altenburg, and a part of the former county of Heuneberg. It contains 1,200 sq. miles, and 185,682 inhabitants. The form of government is by no means absolute. The exec- utive power rests with the duke and his privy council, but a diet is held once in four years, con- sisting of deputies from the landed proprietors and inhabitants of towns. This state is orin of the mem- bers of the Germanic confederation and has a vote at the diet of Frankfort. The inhabitants are in general Lutherans. Gotha-Elf, T. in ths S. W. of Sweden, which forms the outlet of Lake Wener, an 1 fallrj into the Cattegatby two mouths near Gott'-nr-uur. It has been made navigable by !<>(!> u;id <-:uiais to Lake Wener, and it is the intention of: i gov- ernment to prolong this line of navigation by the Wetter and other lakes, and thereby form a din.et communication between the German ocean and the Baltic, passing through the centre of the king- dom. Clara Elf is the name of a river which fails into Lake Wener on the N. side. Gothland, formerly the name of the southern arfl most fertile division of Sweden, comprising GOT nearly all the country below the parallel of 59* IN. laf. It was di ,-ided into East, West and South Gothland. It has been recently divided into prov- inces. Its extent was about 40,000 square miles. Pun. 1,500,000. Gothland, Gottlund, or Wisby, one of the new provinces of Sweden composed of the island of Goihland and the surrounding islands. It produ- ces corn, and has excellent pasturage. Here are also extensive woods of oak and pine. The fish- eries on the coast are productive, and prosecuted with activity. Sq. miles 1,078. Pop. 33,000. Wisby is the capital. Lon. lb' 6' to 19 6' E. Lat. 56 54' to 57 56' N. Goltche, t. Austria, in Illyria. Pep. 1,600. Go//a, or Goito Idands, islands near Japan. Lat. 32 34' 50'' N. Lon. 231 16' E. Goltalengo,t. Austrian Italy, 17 m. S. Brescia. Goltenburg, one of the new provinces of Sweden comprising the province of Boh us and a small part of West Gothland. Square miles 1,892. Pop. 116,674. Gullenbvrg, a large and thriving t. in the S. W. of Sweden, near the mouth of the Gotha-Elf, in a marshy plain, surrounded by precipitous ridges of naked rocks. The harbor is the most convenient- ly situated for foreign trade in Sweden. As a commercial and manufacturing town, Gottenburg ranks next to Stockholm. It is the seat of the. Swedish East India Company, which was erected in 1731, and has the exclusive privilege of im- porting East India commodities into the kingdom. The fortifications of the town have been lately de- molished ; 40 m. S. of Udde valla. Lon^ 1 1 57' E. Lat. 57 42' N. Pop. 24,000. Gottesberg, t. Silesia, 26 m. N. W. Glatz. Lon. 15 54' E. Lat. 50 35' N. Pop. 2, 100. Gottesgal, t. Bohemia, 24 m. N. N. E. Elnbogen. Lon. 12 54' E. Lat. 50 22' N. Gotlingen, a province in the south of Hanover, bounded by Brunswick, Hildesheim, the Prussian states, and Hesse-Cassel. It was constituted a province in 1816, and includes several distinct tracts of country, viz. the quarter of Gottingen, the principality of Grubenhagen, Llbingcroda, Hohenstein, the bailiwicks of Plesse, and Gieicheu, with the small portion of the Richsfeld ceded by Prussia. Extent, 1,225 sq. miles. Pop. 176,000, chiefly Lutherans. Goltingtn, t. Hanover, and cap. of the province of Gottingen. It stands in a pleasant valley on a canal branching from the Leine. Its chief title to notice arises from its celebrated university foun- do:d by George II. in 1734. It is on a very com- prehensive plan, embracing the four faculties of divinity, philosophy, law and medicine. The number of professors is not fixed, but in general exceeds 40. In i'Jlfi they were as follow : 3 oi" Theology; 7 of medicine, surgery, chemistry and botany; 7 of law, viz. liotniMi, German, ecei< tical, &c. ; 5 of Classics and Oriental languages ; 4 of History, :ii:;-:eut and iiuidi rn. statistics and history of literature ; 2 of mathematics, logic and metaphysics; 4 of astronomy, experimental phi- losophy, and mineralogy ; 3 of modern languages and literature. Thse are the regular and daily lecturers, but there am also 7 professors who give extraordinary lectures. There is a class for polit- i'-:il economy ; and for theology there are in addi- tion to the 3 chairs, a seminary for preachers, a tornl institute, and a divinity college. In 1751, an academy of sciences was established here, G O U to which the scientific world is indebted for many valuable improvements and discoveries. It was re-organized in 1770, and now consists of 3 classes, the mathematical, physical, and historical. The professors, as in the other German universities, are much in the habit of publishing : Mosheim, Michaelis, Heyne, Burger, were all of Gottin- o-en ; also Eichhorn, so well known for his histo- ry of literature, Blumenbach and Villers. The number of students here is greater than in any other German university. It varies from 1,000 to 1,200. Attached to the university are 140 bursa- ries, or free boards for the poorer students. But the great attraction of the university is its library, founded by George II. and consisting in a larger proportion than the great repositories of England or France, of modern and useful books. The num- ber of volumes amounts to about 200,000. This library has two catalogues, one alphabetical, the other classed; both are in manuscript, and the latter is a compilation of great labour and extent. The regular funds for the purchase of books are about 800 sterling a year. Gottingen is the oc- casional resort of young Englishmen, and no place is better adapted for the purpose of education. There are in Gottingen four Lutheran and two Calvinist churches ; also a Catholic chapel. A serious difference took place between the students and the inhabitants of the town in October 1818; the Hanoverian government took part with the latter, <,.nd though some diminution took place in the number of students, it was considered as only temporary ; 21 m. N. E. Cassel, and 51 E. S. E. Paderborn. Lon. 9 55' 15" E. L'at. 51 31' 54" N. Pop. 9,500. Gottingen, s-p. Sweden, on the borders of West Gothland, 28 m. S. W. Stockholm, and lu'4 N. Co- penhagen. Guttllebcn, t. Switz. on the Rhine, where that river enters the lake of Constance, 3 m. S. W. Constance. Gntto, country, Central Africa, S. of the Niger, between Bambarra arid Tombuctoo. The capital is Moossedoo. Gottorp, castle, Denmark, on an island in the river Sley, 2 m. N. W. Sleswick. Goran, parish, Scotland. It includes the sub- urbs of Glasgow. Pop. in 1801, 6,701; in 1811, 11,581. The village of Govan is on the S. bank of the Clyde, 2 m. below Glasgow. Gouda, or Ter Gouw, t. South Holland, on the I<-vl. It has large manufactures, partly of por- celain, but more of tobacco pipes. These employ more than one-third of its population. It has al- so a commodious port on the Issel, and a brisk trade. The church of St. John the Baptist, at (iouda, is one of the handsomest and largest in the country. 9 m. N. E. Rotterdam, 22 S. Amster- dam. Lou. 4 42' E. Lat. 51 59' N. Pop. 12,000. Gorernador, r. Plorida, which runs into Pensa- la bay. Lon. 87 4' \V. Lat. 30 39' N. Gotcrno/o, t. Austrian Italy, on the Mincio, 12 in. S. K. Mantua. Goremor's hland, small isl. Mass. 2 m. E. Bos- ton. On tin's island is Fort Warren, which defends the entrance of the harbor. Gouffrti liirv re du, considerable r. Lower Can- :.!;., Which fcHi into the St. Lawrence from the N. in St. Paul 1 * bay. G'mr, or Gaur, or LHcknwty, a very ancient Hindoo city, and from 1204 to 1564, A. D. the cap. of Bengal, under the Afghan dynasties. The G R A 293 ruias of this celebrated place still exist to the S. of Malda, and on the E. side of the Ganges. It has been supposed to be the Gangia Regio of Pto- lemy, and the space covered by its ruins is 15 miles long, and from 2 to 3 broad. Lon. 88 E. Lat. 24 55' N. Gourdon. See Gordon. Gouriew, fort, Russia, in Crasnoi. Lon. 51 58' E. Lat. 47 7' 7" N. Gourin, t. France, in Morbihan. 26 m. W. N. W. Pontivy. Pop. 3,700. Gournay, t. France, in Lower Seine, 24 m. E. Rouen. Pop. 2,550. Gourock, t. Scotland, in Renfrew, on the frith of Clyde, 3 m. W. Greenock. Gouverneur, t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. 20 m. S. Ogdensburg, 192 N. W. Albany. Pop. 765. Goicer. See Glamorgan. Goicer, t. Grenville co. Up. Canada. Gower's harbor, called also Praslin bay, and St. George's lay, New Ireland, 5 m. N. cape St. George. Lon. 150 40' E. Lat. 4 50' S. Gowers Island, or Inattendue, isl. in the East- ern seas. Lon. 158 56' E. Lat. 7 56' S. Goichatty, t. and cap. of Lower Assam. Lon 91 46' E. Lai! 26 10' N. Goyana. See Goiana. Goz, or Gose/z, s-p. Morocco, near Mogodor. Goszo, isl. in the Mediterranean, a little N. W. of Malta, to which it belongs. Extent, 37 square miles. Pop. 13,000. Goxzo, or Gafda, (an. Clauda,) isl. near Candia. Lon. 23 46' E. Lat. 34 48' N. Graaf Reynet, the most eastern district in the territory of the Cape of Good Hope, extending from Stellenbosch and Drakenstein to Kaffre land. Extent, 40,000 sq. miles. Pop. 4,262 Christians, 964 slaves, and 8,947 Hottentots. Graben. See Dtttenheim. Grabow, t. Mecklenburg-Schwerin, on the small river Elde, 70 m. E. by S. Hamburgh. Lon. 1 1*' 44' E. Lat. 53 23' N. Pop. 2,350. Grabusa, small isl. in the Mediterranean, about 5 m. from ther N. W. point of Candia. Lon. 23 33' E. Lat. 35 40' N. GraceJiam, p-v. Frederick co. Md. Grach,v. Prussian province of the Lower Rhine^. on the Moselle, 23 m. N. Treves. Gracias a Dies, city, of Honduras, 140 m. E. Guatimala. Lon. 00 6' W. Lat. 14 30' N. Gracias a Dios, Cape, on the coast of Honduras. Lon. 82 48' W. Lat. 15 N. Graciosa, isl. one of the Azores, 10 miles lon 7 and 8 broad. Pop. 7,315. Chief town, Santa Cruz. Lon. 28 W. Lat. 39 6'36''N. Gradiska, Old, t. Austrian empire, in Sclavonic, at the confluence of the Struga and the Save, 9 m. N.E.Berbir. Gradiska, or Berbir, strong fort, Eu. Turkey,, at the junction of the Virbas with the Save, op- posite Old Gradiska, 22m. N. E. Banjaluka. Grado, isl. in the gulf of Venice, on the coast of Friuli, 19 m. W. Trieste. Grafton, Cape, cape, on the coast of New Hol- land. Lon. 21 4 6' W. Lat. 16 57' S. Grafton, co. N. H. bounded N. by Coos co. E. by Strafford co. S. by Cheshire and Hillsborough counties, and W. by Connecticut river which sep- arates it from Vermont. Pop. 32,989 ; engaged in agriculture, 8,653, in commerce 118, in manufac- tures 1,097. Chief towns, HaverhiU and Ply- mouth. 294 G R A G R A Graflon, t. Grafton co. N. H.30 m. N. W. Con- cord. Pop. 1,094. Grafton, p-t. Windham co. Vt.22m. S. Wind- sor. Pop. 1,482. Grafton, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 8 m. S. E. Worcester. Pop. 1,154. Grafton, L Rensselaer co. N. Y. 17 m. N. E. Al- bany, 11 E. Troy. Pop. 1,611. Grafton, t Medina co. Ohio. Pop. 135. Grafton Island, the most northerly of the Ba- shee islands. Lon. 239 W. Lat. 21 4' N. Gragnana, t. Naples, in the Principato Citra, 13 m. W. by N. Salerno. Pop. 5,100. Grahamston, v. Scotland, in Stirlingshire. Graham"* s store, p-v. Albemarle co. Va. Grajero Point, the W. point at the entrance of Todos Santos, on the N. W. coast of America. Lat. 31 43' N. Grain Coast. See Guinea. Graine, Isle of, small isl. Eng. at the mouth of the Thames, 2 m. N. W. Sheerness. Graisse, Rirer a la, small r. Up. Canada, which falls into the Grand or Ottawa river, just before the latter joins the St. Lawrence. Greatney, or Gretna Green, v. Scotland, near the English frontier, famous in the annals of mat- rimonial adventure for the marriage of fugitive lovers from England, which are generally celebra- ted here. Pop. 1,749. Graitz, Greits, or Grewits, t. Saxony, on the Elster, 10 m. N. N. E. Plauen, 12 S. W. Zwickau. Lon. 12 10' E. Lat. 50 35' N. Pop. 6,200. Gramat, t. France, 20 m. E. by N. Gordon. Grambousa, small isl. Asia Minor, E. of Cape Khelidonia. Lon. 30 30' E. Lat. 36 14 N. Grammont, or Geersberghe, t. Netherlands, on the Dender, 21 m. W. S. W. Brussels. Pop. Grampian Mountains, a chain of mountains in Sco tland, which, stretching like a mighty wall, along the southern front of the highlands, extends across the island from Argyllshire on the Atlantic, to Aberdeenshire on the German ocean ; and then forming another ridge in a N. W. direction, ex- tends to the county of Moray, and the borders of Inverness. Grampound, t. and borough, Eng. in Cornwall. it sends 2 members to parliament. Pop. 600. 37 m. S. W. Launceston. Gran, co. Hungary. Extent,406 sq. miles. Pop. 47,000. Gran, or Esztergon, the capital, is atthe conflux of the Danube and the Gran. Pop. 6,000. It is the seat of an archbishop, who is primate of Hungary. 30m. N. W. Buda, 75 S. E. Presburg. Lon. 18 50 E. Lat. 47 40' N. Gran, r. Hungary, which rises in the palatinate of Gomer, and flows into the Danube, opposite Gran. Gran Sasso,mt. Naples, the highest of the Ap- jienines. Its elevation is 8,250 feet. Granada, an extensive maritime province in the S. of Spain, nearly 200 miles long, and from 40 to 70 broad. It still bears the title of kingdom, and is sometimes called Upper Andalusia. The Viga de Granada, where the capital is situated, is one of the richest and most delightful spots in the world. There are Martello towers erected on cer- tain parts of the coast, as a defence against the Barbary corsairs. Pop. 661,661. Granada, a celebrated city, Spain, cap. of the province of Granada. The situation is highly ro- mantic, partly on hills, partly on level ground. The streets are narrow and irregular and the buildings display visible marks of decay. The cathedral, and the archbishop's palace, are splen- did buildings. But the grand ornament of Grana- da is the Alhambra, the palace of the ancient Moorish kings : the buildings are very extensive, and form more properly a citadel than a palace. Granada fell into the possession of the Moors soon after their first invasion of Spain in 71 1 ; it became a royal residence in 1013, attained its greatest prosperity in the 12th and 13th centuries, and fi- nally surrendered to the Spaniards in 1492. The manufactures are silk and woollen goods, leather, saltpetre, and gunpowder. Granada is the seat of a great central court of justice for the south of Spain, and of a university. 123m. E. Seville, 224 S. Madrid. Lon. 346'E. Lat. 37 16' N. Pop. 52,000. Granada, city, Nicaragua, 48 m. S. S. E. Leon. Lon. 87 46' W. Lat. 10 12' N. Granard, t. Ireland, in Longford, 1 1 m. N. E. Longford. Granby, t. Bedford and Richelieu counties, Lower Canada. Granby, t. Essex co. Vt. 47 m. N. E. Montpelier. Pop. 49. Granby, t. Hampshire co. Mass. 9 m. S.E.North- ampton, 90 W. Boston. Pop. 1,066. Granby, p-t. Hartford co. Ct. 17 m. N. N. W. Hartford. Pop. 3,012. A copper mine was for- merly wrought here. It is now used for the State prison, called Newgate. Granby, p-t. Oswego co. N. Y. on Oswego river. Pop. 555. Granby, p-t. and cap. Lexington co. S. C. at the head of navigation on the Congaree, 2 m. below Columbia. At this place a bridge is thrown across the river. Grand Anse, or Jeremie, t. Hispaniola. Lon.74* 5' W. Lat. 1815'N. Grand Bassa, country, W. Africa, on the Ivory coast of Guinea, between lat. 5 and 6 N. and in Ion. 4 15' W. Grand Bay, on the S. W. coast of Newfoundland, a little S. of Cape Ray. Grand-Bourg-Salagnac, t. France, in LaCreuse, 14 m. W. Gueret. Pop. 2,600. Grand Champ, t. France, 8 m. N. N.W. Vannes. Top. 4, 150. Grandfathers, mountains, in the S. E. part of Tennessee, in which are the head waters of the Frenchbroad and Catabaw rivers. Grand isle, bay, Michigan Territory, on the coast of Lake Superior. It affords the best harbor on the southern shore of the lake, being large, deep, and completely land locked. 126 m. W. Point aux Pins. Grand isle, co. Vt. comprises the peninsula of Alburg, and several islands in Lake Champlain. Pop. 3,527. Engaged in agriculture 337, in com- merce 8, in manufactures 80. Chief town, North- hero. Grand isle, t. Grand isle co. Vt. Pop. 898. Grand isle, isl. Upper Canada, at the E. end of Lake Ontario, opposite to Kingston. Grand isle, large isl. N. Y. in Niagara river. It commences 3 m. below Black Rock, and termin- ates l above the falls. It is 12 miles long, and from 2 to 7 broad, and contains 48,000 acres. The land is well wooded, and capable of cultivation. This island is the property of the state, and con- stitutes part of the fund for defraying the expenses of the Canals. Grand, or Chilnucook Lake, Maine, the sourc* G R A of St. Croix river. It is 30 miles long, and about 5 broad. Grand Luce, t. France, in Sarthe, 11 m. N. Chateau du Loir. Pop. 2,048. Grand Manan, isl. N. Brunswick, at the en- trance of the bay of Fundy. It is 23 miles long and 6 broad. 6 m. S. E. Campo Bello island. Lon. 66 43' W. Lat. 44 48' N. Grand Marais, an extensive marsh, Michigan Territory, on the coast of Lake Superior, imme- diately E. of Grand Sable. Grandon. See Fairport. Grand portage, a post of the N. W. Fur Com- pany on the N. shore of Lake Superior, on a bay which affords a good harbor. The portage is 9 miles long leading to Fort Charlotte on the waters flowing into Lake Wirmipec. Lat. 48 N. Grand pre, seigniory, St. Maurice co. Lower Canada, on Lake St. Peter, 18 m. W. Three- Rivers. Grand, or Geauga river, r. Ohio runs into Lake Erie, 3 m. below Painesville. . Grand river, r. Michigan Territory, which en- ters the E. side of Lake Michigan. Its mouth is said to afford a good harbor. Grand river, t. Howard co. Missouri. Grand river, r. Missouri, which flows into the Missouri from the N. 240 m. from its mouth. It is navigable for boats 600 miles. Grand, or Sixbull river, Arkansas Territory, a northern tributary of the Arkansas. Its mouth is just below the mouth of Verdigris river, form- ing with it a neck of land 2 miles wide. Grand river. See Ouse. Grand river, Lower Canada. See Qttawas. It Grand Ruisseau, small r. Lower Canada, which falls into the St. Lawrence, about 40 m. be- low the island of Orleans. Grand sable, Michigan Ter. an immense hill of sand, about 300 feet high, extending 9 miles along the S. shore of Lake Superior. Grand traverse, islands in Lake Michigan, ex- tending across the mouth of Green Bay. They afford some tolerable harbors. Several of the channels between them have sufficient depth of water to admit schooners of 200 tons burthen. Grand view, t. Washington co. Ohio, 15 m. N.E. Marietta. Pop. 351. (rrandville, p-v. Monongalia co. Va. Grande, Rio, r. Brazil, which falls into the sea in lat. 16 20' S. near Porto Seguro. Grande, r. Zanguebar, E. Africa, which fall* into the Indian ocean, about lat. 2 S. Grande Rio, r. W. Africa, falls into the Atlantic 200 m. S. of the Gambia, in lat. 11 N. Length 500 miles. Grandlitu, t. France, in Lower Loire, 11 m. S. W.Nantes. Pop. 2,100. Gmndola, t. Portugal, 27 m. S. E. Setuval. Grandvilliers, t. Picardy, 17 m. N. N. W.Beau- vais. Lon. 2 2' E. Lat. 49 39' N. Grange, La, cape on the N. coast of Hispaniola, 14 leagues E. by N. Cape Francois. Lon. 72 30' W. Lat. 19 54' 30" N. Grangcnuwth, v. Scotland, in Stirling. Its port is frequented by vessels from the Baltic, Norway, and Sweden. 3 m. E. by N. Falkirk. Pop. 800. Granger, t. Columbia co. N. Y. 12 m. S. E. Hud- Mil. Pop. 2,6 14. Granger, co. East Tennessee, on Clinch river, which separates it from Clairbome co. Pop.7,651; laves 656. Engaged in agriculture 1,977, in ramercel?. Chief town, Rutledge. G R A 295 Granger, p-t. Cuyahoga co. Ohio, on Lake Erie, at the mouth of Rocky river, 7 m. W. Cleve- land. Granger, t. Medina co. Ohio. Pop. 217. Granja, La. See St. Ildefonso. Granitsa, t. Eu. Turkey, between Livadia and Thebes. Grannsee, t. Middle Mark of Brandenburg, 34 m. N. N. W. Berlin. Pop. 1,840. Granson, or Gransee, t. Swiss canton of the Vaud, on the lake of Neufchatel, 6 m. S. W. Neuf- chatel. Pop. 2,150. Grant, co. Kentucky. Pop. 1,805 ; slaves 137. Engaged in agriculture 358, in manufactures 22. Granta, r. Eng. which unites above Cambridge with a stream from Bedfordshire, to form the Cam. Grantham, t. and borough, Eng. in Lincolnshire on the Witham, 30 m. S. Lincoln, 1 10 N. by W. London. Lon. 38' W. Lat. 52 55 N. -Pop. 3,646. Grantham, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, on St. Francis river, 25 m. S. Three-rivers. Grantham, t. Lincoln co. Up. Canada, on Lake Ontario. Grantham, t. Cheshire co. N. H. Pop. 1,032. Grantown, v. Scotland, in Morayshire, on the \ great road to Inverness, 30i m. S. E. Fort George. Grantslick, p-v. Campbell co. Ken. Grantsville, p-v. Green co. Geo. Granville, s-p. France, in La Manche, 12 m. N. W. Avranches, 13 S. S. W. Coutances. Lon. 135 W. Lat. 48 50' N. Pop. 5,500. Granville, t. Annapolis co. Nova Scotia, on the bay of Fundy, at the mouth of Annapolis river. Granville, seigniory, Cornwallis co. Lower Canada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 80 m. N. E. Quebec. Granville and Lachenaye, seigniory, Cornwallis co. Lower Canada, on the S. side of the St. Law- rence, 87 m. N. E. Quebec. Granville, p-t. Hampden co. Mass. 14 m. W. S. W. Springfield. Pop. 1,643. Granville, p-t. Washington co. N. Y. 12 m. S. E. Whitehall, 60 N. E. Albany. Pop. 3,727. It con- tains 3 villages, an academy, and 5 churches. It is watered by Pawlet and Indian rivers, on which are many mills. In this town is a quarry of good marble. Granville, co. N. C. Pop. 18,222; slaves 9,071. Engaged in agriculture 5,552, in commerce 26, in manufactures 332. Granville, p-t. Licking co. Ohio, 27 m. N. E. Columbus, 32 W. Zanesville. Lon. 80 45' W. Lat. 40 5' N. Pop. 1,472. It has a bank. Here is also a furnace. Granville mills, p-v. Charles-city co. Va. Grao, s-p. Spain, at the mouth of the Guadal- aviar. It is the port of Valencia. Graselils, t. Bohemia, 19 m. N. E. Eger. Lon. 1230'E. Lat. 50 18' N. Grass, r. St. Lawrence, co. N. Y. which runs into the St. Lawrence, opposite St. Regis island, after a course of 125 miles. In Canton, it is con- nected by a natural canal with the Oswegat- chie. Grasse, t. France, in Var, 19 m. W. S. W. Nice. Lon. 6 55' E. Lat. 43 39' N. Pop. 12,500. Grasty's store, p-v. Pittsylvania co, Va. Gratiosa, isl. See Graciosa. Gratiot. See Fort Gratiot. Gratis, t. Preble co. Ohio. Pop. 1,000. Gratistown, t. Dauphin co. Pa. Pop. 168. 296 G R A Gralz, city, Germany, Inner Austria, in the circle of Gratz, on the Muhr. It is the see of a bishop, and was formerly the seat of a university. It has 22 churches and chapels. 56m. N. N. E. Cilley, 100 S. W. Vienna. Lon. 15 26' E. Lat. 47 4' N. Pop. 40,000. Grafs, one of the circles into which the dutchy of Styria was divided. It comprises the north- ern part of Lower Styria, lying; on both sides of the Muhr. Extent, 2,100 square miles. Pop. 295,000. Grate, t Bohemia, 94 m. S. Prague. Lon. 14" 43 'E. Lat. 48 47' N. Gratz, t. Austrian Silesia, on the Mora, 4 m. S. Troppau. Graudentz, or Grudziadz, t. W. Prussia, at^the confluence of the Vistula and the Ossa. 14 m. N. N. E. Culm, 55 S. Dantzic. Lon. 15 47 E. Lat. 56 18' N. Pop. 6,700. Grave, t. Netherlands, on the Maeae, 9 m. S. by W. Nimeguen. Grave creek, p-v. Ohio co. Va. on the Ohio, 12 m. below Wheeling. Gravelines, t. France, dep. of the North, on the Aa, near the sea. 9 m. W. S. W. Dunkirk, 39 X. W.Lille. Lon. 2 7' 50" E. Lat. 50 59' 10" N. Pop. 2,800. Grarenmachcrn, t. Netherlands, at the confluence of the Moselle and the Sure, 12 m. S. W. Treves, 15 E. N. E. Luxemburg. Gravesande, Netherlands, in S. Holland, llm. S. Hague. Gravesend, t. Eng. in Kent, on the S. side of the Thames near its mouth. It forms the avenue to the port of London. Here every outward bound vessel must anchor, to be examined and obtain its clearance, and every inward bound vessel must receive on board the custom-house officers, a num- ber of whom are here constantly stationed for the purpose. Outward bound ships are here supplied with live and dead stock, and vegetables. 2l m. E. London, 7 W. Rochester. Lon. 3 22' E. Lat. 51 26' N. Pop. 3,119. Gravesend, t. Kings co. Long-Island, N. Y. on the sea coast, 4 m. S. Flatbush, 9 S. New- York. Pop. 534. Gravesend beach is a frequent resort .for parties of pleasure from the city. Gratina, t. Naples, in Bari. It is a bishop's see. Pop. 8,800. 10 m. W. Matera, 27 S. Trani. Lon. 16 31' E. Lat. 40 54' N. Graving s Islands, on the N. W. coast of Amer- ica. Lat. 54' 52* to 55 27' N. Grarosa. See St. Croix. Gray, t. France, cap. of Upper Saone, 28 m. N. K. Dijon. Lon. 5 36' 48" E. Lat. 47 29' 52" N. Pop. 5,000. Gray, p-t. Cumberland co. Maine, 20 m. N. Portland. Pop. 1,479. Gray'* Bay, bay Oregon Territory, on the N. side of the river Columbia. Lat. 46 19' N. Gray's Harbour, bay, Oregon Territory. Lat. 47 BL Grayson, co. Va. inclosed by Washington, Wythe, Montgomery, and Patrick counties, and North-Carolina. Pop. 5,598. Slaves 345. En- gaged in agriculture 863, in commerce 6, in manu- factures 11. Chief town, Greenville. At the, court- house is a post-office. Grayson, co. Ken. Pop. 4,055. Slaves 184. En- gaged in agriculture 1,179. Grazalema, t. Spain, in Granada, 8 m. W. Ron- da. Pep. 5,000. ORE Great Australafian Bight, an immens* bay. formed by the S. coast of New Holland. The head of this bight is in Ion. 31 10' E. lat. 31 29' S. Great Barrington. See Barrington Great. Great Bay, Y, N.H. theW. branch of the Piscata- qua. It receives Lxeter and Lamprey rivers, and unites with the main branch of the Piscataqua at Hilton's point, 5 m. above Portsmouth. Great bend, t. Susquehannah co. Pa. Pop. 527. Great bridge, p-v. Norfolk co. Va. Great Biitain. See Britain, Great. Great crossings, p-v. Scott co. Ken. Great Island, isl. Ireland, in Cork harbour. Great Island, isl. in Bass's strait, between New- Holland and Van Diemen's Land. Lon. 48 E. Lat. 40 S. Great Island. See New Castle, N. H. Great mills, p-v. St. Mary's co. Md. Great valley, t. Cataraugus co. N. Y. Pop. 271. Great works, r. Penobscot co. Maine, which flows into the E. side of the Penobsot, 2 m. below the great falls, 10 above tide water. Grebna, t, Eu. Turkey, in Thessaly, 50 m. N. by E. Joannina, 56 S. W. Salonica. Greece, a name applied to that part of Europe inhabited by the descendants of the ancient Greeks. The continental part embracing that portion of Turkey, which lies south of the parallel of 41 30 , is a peninsula, jutting out into the Mediterranean, and separated by the Ionian sea from the peninsula of Italy on the west, and by the Archipelago, from Asia Minor on the east. In the former sea are sit- uated the Seven Islands, constituting the Ionian republic ; in the latter, about 100 islands of various size. All these may strictly be considered as a component part of Greece. Near the southern ex- tremity of the peninsula, is the sub-peninsula of the Morea, (the ancient Peloponnesus,) conneated with the main land by the narrow isthmus of Co- rinth. The whole extent of Greece is estimated at 40,000 sq. miles ; and the population at 4,000,000, of which number 3,000,000 are Greeks, and the rest Turks, Jews, &c. Down the middle of the peninsula, and parallel to its two coasts, runs a continuous range of lofty mountains, varying in height from 7 to 8,000 feet in the northern and central part, to as many hun- dred near the southern extremity. Of the former height may be reckoned the ridge of Pindus and Parna?sus, while Parnes, Pentelicus, and Hymet- tus in Attica, do not exceed the latter. Branches are thrown off towards either coast from this cen- tral chain ; to the eastward, the celebrated Olym- pus, rising near the head of the gulf of Salonica, to the height of 6,000 feet, forms the north extremity of an inferior chain, consisting of Ossa and Pelion, (Eta and Othrys, and continuing in a S. E. direc- tion through the island of Negropont. To the westward of the main range are the rugged and mountainous countries of Epirus, ^Ltolia, and Acharnania. 1 he highest mountains of the Mo- rea are the Cyllenian range, near the west coast, ami the Taygetus near the S. extremity. Exten- sive plains of considerable elevation above the lev- el of the sea, are encircled by the mountain ran- ges. Of these, Thessaly, Boeotia, and Arcadia, still preserve their ancient character. The rivers by which these plains are watered are little more than mountain streams, with the exception of Peneus:, or Salympria, whose numerous branches, after intersecting the plain of Thessaly, unite and G R E G R E 297 discharge themselves through the celebrated defile of Tempe into the gulf of Salonica, and the Al- pheus, which waters the verdant plains of Arcadia and Elis. The climate of Greece is more severe in winter, and in many parts warmer in summer, than that of the South of Italy. On the elevated plains of the Morea, snow sometimes covers the plain of Tripolitza, to the depth of 18 inches. In the lower region of Attica, the atmosphere is more moderate and equable than in most other parts of Greece, the air being generally clear, dry, and temperate. The general produce of the plains of Greece is wheat, barley, rice, maize, millet, and tobacco. In Boeotia, the soil is very rich. On the plains of Thessaly, are cultivated extensive groves of mul- berry-trees, for the silk worm. The Morea is celebrated for the excellence of its silks, and all the accounts given by the ancient Greeks, of the fertility of Messenia, in the S. W. corner of the Morea, are realized at this day in every species of produce more especially in corn, wine, and figs. The richest produce of Attica,.is the olive. Hy- mettus has from time immemorial been celebra- ted for the excellence of its honey. It is still in such esteem that presents of it are annually sent to Constantinople. The cotton plant is in general cultivation. The sea-coast abounds with a great variety of excellent fish, but the inhabitants are very inexpert fishermen. The numerous gulfs, creeks, bays, and harbours, with which Greece is indented, afford both convenience and security for shipping, and the disposition of the modern Greeks for active and enterprising exertion, gives them a strong bias towards commercial pursuits. There are many wenlthy Greek merchants on the continent and among the islands. The Mai- motes, at the southern extremity of the Morea, were daring and resolute freebooters, but their piracies of late years have been greatly checked by habits of industry, and an increasing com- merce. Much has been said of late in Europe of the res- toration of ancient Greece, and the Greeks them- selves have begun to direct their attention to literary pursuits. The progress made in the last thirty years, in the ancient Greek language, and in general literature, is very considerable ; and in the same period, the Romaic, or modern Greek, has made approaches towards the Hellenic. That language, in its worst state, bears about the same relation to the ancient Greek, as the old Italian to the Latin. The Hellenic language is now exten- sively cultivated both ,'n and out of Greece. With their literary improvement, the desire for the res- toration of the.r independence has been increas- ed, and among the higher class of citizens, there prevails a very acute feeling, at their present de- graded state, and a degree of enthusiasm and vene- ration for their ancient heroes, poets, philoso- phers, and statesmen, which would do honor to any nation. Green, t. Franklin co. Pa. Pop. 2,010. Green, co. in the S. W. part of Ohio. Pop. 10,529. Engaged in agriculture 2,094, in com- merce 6, in manufactures 365. Chief town, Xenia. (i rfin, t. Adarns co. Ohio. Pop. 678. Green, t. Clarke co. Ohio. Pop. 658. Green, t. Clinton co. Ohio, 7 m. W. Wilming- ton. Pop. 917. firrrn, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. Pop. 772. Green, t. Fair-field co. Ohio. Pop. 1,141. 38 Green, t. Fayette co. Ohio. Pop. 905. Green, t. Gallia co. Ohio, 3 in. W. Gallipolis. Pop. 700. Green, t. Hamilton co. Ohio. Pop. 1,456. Green, t. Harrison co. Ohio, 5 m. N. E. Cadiz. Pop. 2,229. Green, t. Richland co. Ohio. Pop. 621. Green, t. Ross co. Ohio, on the Scioto, 7 m. N. Chillicothe. Pop. 1,531. Green, t. Scioto co. Ohio, on the Ohio, 10 m. S E. Portsmouth. Pop. 582. Green, p-t. Stark co. Ohio. Pop. 503. Green, t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 16 m. N. E. War- ren. Pop. 125. Green, t. Wayne co. Ohio, 4 m. N. E. Wooster. Pop. 412. Green Bank, bank off Newfoundland, 129 miles Ion? and 48 wide. Lon. 53 30' to 57 SO' W. Lat. 45 30' to 46*50' N. Green bay, or Bay Puan, a large bay on the W. side of Lake Michigan. It extends from the north end of the lake 90 miles, in a S. W. direction, and is 15 or 20 miles wide. Across its entrance is a chain of islands, called the Grand traverse, which shelters the bay from the winds that often blow with violence across the lake. Several of the channels between them are of sufficient depth to admit vessels of 200 tons burthen, which traverse the bay and ascend Fox river several miles. Green bay abounds with fish, particularly sturgeon and white fish. It has several small bays, the prin- cipal of which is Sturgeon's bay. The princi- pal rivers which it receives, are Fox and Me- nominy. Green bay, p-t. Brown co. Michigan Territory, on Fox river, l m. above its entrance into Green bay. 184 m. S. W. Mackinaw, 220 N. Chicago, 360 E. Prairie du Chien, by Fox and Ouisconsin rivers. Lon. 87 58' W. Lat. 45 N. It extends along both sides of the river about 4 miles. Here are about 80 families, the descendants of the French Jesuits, who settled here in 1700 ; but by intermarriages with the Indians, they have now become, almost without exception, of mixed blood. The country around this settlement is at present chiefly occupied by the Menominee Indians. It has a healthful and sufficiently mild climate, a fer- tile soil, watered by numerous rivers, and its posi- tion between the great Lakes and the Mississippi, renders it a very eligible place for settlement. See Fort Howard. Green briar, r. Va. which falls into the E. side of the Kenhawa, at the place where it breaks through the Laurel ridge, opposite the mouth of New river. Lat. 38 N. Green briar, co. Va. on Green briar river. Pop. 7,041. Slaves 786. Engaged in agriculture 1,899, in commerce 17, in manufactures 161. Chieftown, Lewisburgh. Greenbush, p-t. Rensselaer co. N. Y. on the Hudson, opposite Albany. Pop. 2,764. The U. States barracks in this town, are situated about a mile from the river, and are in full view from Al- bany. Greencastle, p-t. Franklin co. Pa. Greencastle, t. Fairfield co. Ohio, 10 m. N. W. Lancaster, 18 S. E. Columbus. Green creek, r. Ohio, which empties into San- dusky river 5 m. above its mouth. Greene, p-t. Kennebec co. Maine, on the Andros- cojrgin, 24 m. S. W. Augusta, 39 N. Portland. Pop. 1,309. Grtenf, co, N. Y. on the E. bank of the Hudson. 298 G R E and on its other sides inclosed by Albany, Scho- harie, Delaware, and Ulster counties. Pop. 22,996. Engaged in agriculture 4,627, in com- merce 155, in manufactures 996. Chief town, CatskilL Greene, p-t. Chenango co. N. Y. 12 m. ?. \V. Norwich, 120 W. S. W. Albany. Pop. 2,590. Greene, co. Pa. bounded N. by Washington co. E. by the Monongahela, which separates it from Fayette co. S. and W. by Virginia. Pop, 15,554. Engaged in agriculture 2,248, in commerce 64, in manufactures 715. Chief town, Waynesborough. Greejie, p-t. Greene co. Pa. Pop. 1,801. Greene, co. N. C. Pop. 4,533. Slaves 2,174. Engaged iu agriculture 1,569, in commerce 11, in manufactures 36. Chief town, Snowville. Greene, co. Geo. on the Oconee. Pop. 13,589. Slaves 6,937. Engaged in agriculture 4,309, in commerce 26, in manufactures 146. Chief town, Greensboro ugh. Greene, co. Alabama. Pop. 4,554. Slaves 1,691. Engaged in agriculture 496, in commerce 16, in manufactures 33. Greene, co. Mississippi, bordering on the State of Alabama. Pop. 1,445. Slaves 380. Engaged in agriculture 428, in commerce 2, in manufac- tures 5. At the court-house is a post-office. Greene, co. Ten. on French broad river. Pop. 11,324. Slaves 829. Engaged in agriculture 2,577, in commerce 14. Chief town, Greenville. Greene, co. Ken. Pop. 11,943. Slaves 3,241. Engaged in agriculture 1,827, in commerce 19, in manufactures 181. Chief town, Greensburgh. Greenfield, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 24 m. S. W. Concord. Pop. 974. Greenfield, p-t. and cap. Franklin co. Mass, on the W. bank of Connecticut river, 21 m. N. North- ampton. Pop. 1,316. It contains a handsome village, 3 houses of public worship, 2 for Congre- gationalists, and 1 for Episcopalians, a court-house, and jail, and printing-office, from which a weekly paper is issued. Much of the trade of the county is carried on here. Greenfield, p-t. Saratoga co. N. Y. 10 m. N. Ballston, 36 N. Albany. Pop. 3,024. Greenfield, t. Bedford co. Pa. Pop. 1,141. Greenfield, t. Luzerne co. Pa. Pop. 712. Greenfield, p-t. Highland co. Ohio, on Paint creek, 20 m. N. E. Hillsborough. Greenfield, t. Fairfield co. Ohio, 3 m. N. Lan- caster. Greenfield, t. Gallia co. Ohio, 16 m. W. Galli- polis. Pop. 326. Greenfield, t. Huron co. Ohio. Pop. 338. Green garden, p-v. Summer co. Ten. Green hill, p-v. Campbell co. Va. Green Island, isl. off the N. shore of Van Die- men's Land. Green Island, isl. in the St. Lawrence, 1 10 m. below Quebec. Greenland, a country, bounded E. by the Atlan- tic, and separated from Labrador on the S. W. by Davis' straits. It is not assertained whether it is a peninsula or an island, although the recent discov- eries in the Polar regions render it highly proba- ble that it is wholly detached from the continent. It extends as far south as Cape Farewell, in lat. 5930'N. Its northern limits are unknown. The eastern coast is commonly called East Greenland, and the western, West Greenland, but the whale- fishers call the whole West Greenland, and apply the name East Greenland to Spitzbergen and the adjacent islands. Nothing is known of this exten- C R E sive country, but its coast. The interior i ly inaccessible^ on account of the everlasting ice with which its mountains are covered. The east- ern coast also ha?, for centuries, been cut off from European intercourse, by the vast bodies of ice with which its shores are lined. The severity of the climate forbids the growth of every thing but a few stinted trees and shrubs. The whole popu- lation does not exceed 20,000 ; and they are confin- ed to the coast, deriving a miserable subsistence from seals, birtlr-, and fishes ; and are sometime* under the necessity of living on sea weed and train oil. The nativr s were formerly Pagans, and ad- dicted to some cruel customs, but through the in- strumentality of the Moravian missionaries they have, to a considerable extent, been converted t* Christianity. There are 11 missionaries, in 3 missionary settlements, at New Herrnhut, Lich- tenfels, and Lichtenau. Greenland, t. Rockingham co. N. H. on Great bay, 4m. S. W. Portsmouth. Pop. 631. Greenland, t. Greene co. N. Y. now Hunter, Green Mountains, a range of mountains, which commences in Vermont, near the Canada line, and running S. through the western parts of Vermont. Massachusetts, and Connecticut, terminates at New-Haven, on Long Island Sound. The north- ern part of the range is pierced by several of the great rivers which run into lake Champlain. The highest summit is Killington peak in Killington, Vt. which according to Capt. Partridge is 3,924 feet above the level of the sea, Green Point, cape, on the coast of Florida, in Pensacola bay. Lon. 87 4' VV. Lat. 30 31' N. Greenaae, s-p. Denmark, on the Aa, near the Cattegat, 32 m. N. E. Aarhuus. Lon. 10 58' 57" E. Lat. 5G 24' N. Greenhilhe, hamlet, Eng. in Kent, on the Thames, 3 in. E. Dartford. Greenock, the chief s-p. of Scotland, is in Ren- frewshire, on the Clyde. The manufactories of the place are sugar-houses, rope-walks, soap and candle-works, tan-works, potteries, bottle and crystal-works, breweries, a sailcloth manufacto- ry ; to these may be added ship-building to a great extent, in which the place has long excelled. Prior to 1697, Greenock was an inconsiderable fishing station, but it is now a flourishing town, and place of good trade. The harbor is very spa- cious and commodious ; within these few years, the quays have been removed farther out to a greater depth of water, and new quays have been built to the eastward of the old harbor, at which there is from 16 to 26 feet water, and from 10 to 15 at low water. It is now capable of containing 500 sail of ships. On the 10th October, 1818, the registered shipping were 40,195 tons. The duties of customs for the year ending 10th October, 1818, were &51,587/. Pop. in 1757, 3,900 ; in 1811, ex- clusive of those at sea, 19,042. Lon. 18' 58'' \V. Lat. 55 57' 2" N. Green river, r. Ken, which rises in Lincoln co. and flowing W. joins the Ohio, 200m. below Lou- isville, 50 above the mouth of the Cumberland. It is 200 yards wide at its mouth, and is navigable for boats nearly 200 miles. Grecnsborough, p-t. Orleans co. Vt. 27 m. N. N. E. Montpelier. Pop 625. Greensborough, p-t. Caroline co. Md. on the W. side of Choptank creek, 7 m. N. Danton, 22 S. E. Chester. Greensborough, p-v. Guilford co. N. C. Gretnsborough, p-t. and cap. Greene co. Gco. G R E JO in. S. Athens, 40 N. Milledgeville, 78 W. by S. Augusta. Grtensburg, p-t. Westchester co. N. \ . on the Hudson, 28 m. above New- York. Pop. 2,064. Greensburg, p-t. and borough, \\ estnioreland co Pa on a branch of Sewickly creek, one of the sources of the Yionghiogany, 30 m. S. E. by E. Pittsbur"-, 7.5 fr. Bedford. Pop. 771. It contains a court-house and jail, a bank, an academy, and a German Calvinist church. Greensburtr, t. Beaver co. Pa. 10 m. N. Beaver- town. Pop. 1,194. Here is an academy. Gr'eensburg, p-t. and cap. Greene co. Ken. on Green river, 69 m. W. Lexington, 95 E. Russel- ville. Pop. in 1810, 130. It contains a court-house and jail, and a bank. Greenvalley, p-v. Bath co. Va. Greenville, t. York co. Lower Canada, on Ot- tawa river, 50 m. W. Montreal. Greenville, p-t. Greene co. N. Y. on Catsldll creek, 14 m. N. W. Athens, 25 S. Albany. Pop. 2,374. Here is an academy. Greenville, t. Somerset co. Pa. Pop. 394, Greenville, co. Va. inclosed by Brunswick, Southampton and Sussex counties, and N. Caroli- na. Pop. 6,858. Slaves 4,512. Engaged in agricul- ture 2,225, in commerce 3, in manufactures 66. Chief town, Hickford. Greenville, p-v. Augusta co. Va. 12 m. S. S. W. Staunton. Greenville, p-t. and cap. Pitt co. N. C. on the S. bank of Tar river, 1 10 m. fr. Ocrecock inlet, 23 fr. Washington. It contains a court-house and jail, and an academy. Greenville, district, S. C. Pop. 11,530. Slaves 3,423. Engaged in agriculture 1,618, in com- merce 27, in manufactures 355. Greenville, p-t. and cap. Greenville co. S. C. on Reedy river, 110 m. N. Augusta, (Geo.) 110 fr. Columbia. The air is cool and healthful, and many persons from the low country of Carolina and Georgia, reside here in summer. Greenville, t. Darlington co. S. C. on the W. side of Great Pedee river, 55 E. N. E. Camderi, 90 N. E. Columbia. Greenville, p-t. and cap. Jefferson co. Missis- sippi, 21 m. N. E. Natchez. Greenville, p-t. and cap. Green co. Tennessee, on the head waters of French broad river, 26 m. W. Jonesboro', 81 E. Knoxville. The village contains a court-house, jail, printing-office, Pres- byterian meeting-house, and about 100 dwelling- houses. A few miles south of the village is Greenville college, a flourishing institution, in- corporated in 1794. It has between 70 and 80 students. Greenville, p-t. and cap. Muhlenburg co. Ken. 35 m. N. N. W. Russelville, 180 fr. Lexington. Here is a bank. Greenville, p-t. and cap. Dark co. Ohio, 80 m. N. Cincinnati, 86 W. Columbus. Lon. 84 32' W. Lat. 40 2' N. In Aug. 1795, a famous treaty was made here by Gen. Wayne, on the part of the U. S. with the Indians. Pop. 1,172. Greenville creek, Ohio, passes by Greenville and runs into the S. W. branch of Miami river, 18 m. below. Greenup, co. Ken. Pop. 4,311. Slaves 566. Engaged in agriculture 847, in commerce 4, in manufactures 169. Grcenupsborough, p-t. and cap. Greenup co. Ken. G R E 299 Greenville Bay, or La Bay, t. and port of en- try, on the E. side of the island of Grenada. Greenwich, t. Eng. in Kent, on the S. bank of the Thames, immediately below Deptford, cele- brated for its splendid hospital ; and, above all, for its observatory, which, instituted more imme- diately for the advancement of navigation, has ren- dered such important services to astronomy. Greenwich hospital consists at present of four ex- tensive piles of building, and now accommodate? nearly 3,000 seamen, while 5,400 out-pensioners are assisted from the funds. The widows of sea- men have the exclusive privilege of being nurses. The expense of each pensioner is, at an average, 27/. Ws. 9d. ; nurses, 29/. 15s. ; and the total, 69,000/. per annum. The revenue of the hospital is derived, in part, from a duty of 6rf. per month, deducted from the pay of seamen. 5^ m. E. Lon- don-bridge. Lon. 0'. Lat. 51 29' N. Pop. 16,947. Greenwich, p-t. Hampshire co. Mass. 20 m. E. Northampton, 75 W. Boston. Pop. 778. Greenwich, East, p-t. and cap. Kent co. R. I. on the N. W. arm of Narraganset bay, 16m. S. Provi- dence, 22 N. N. W. Newport. Pop, 1,519. It contains a court-house and jail, an academy, and 2 churches. Greenwich, West, t. Kent co. R. I. Pop. 1,927. Greenwich, p-t. Fairfield co. Ct. on Long-Island sound, 38 m. E. New York, 48 W 7 . New Haven. Pop. 3,790. Greenwich, p-t. Washington co. N. Y. on the Hudson, at the mouth of Battenkill, 8m. W. Sa- lem, 37 N. Albany. Pop. 3,197. It contains an academy, and 2 churches, and many manufacto- ries. Greenwich, v. included within the limits of the city of New York. Greenwich, p-t. Cumberland co. N. J. on the N. W. bank of Cohanzy creek, 3 m. above its en- trance into Delaware bay, 15 S. E. Salem. Pop. 890. Greenwich, t. Gloucester co. N. J. on the Dela- ware, 6 m. S. E. Philadelphia. Pop. 2,699. Greenwich, t. Sussex co. N. J. on Delaware riv- er, 5 m. above Easton, Pa. 31 S. Newton. Pop, 3,335. Greenwich, t. Berks co. Pa. Pop 1,337. Greenwich, p-v. Charleston district, S. C. Greenwood, t. Oxford co. Maine, 5 m N W Paris. Pop. 392. Greenwood, t. Adams co. Pa. Pop. 1 ,660. Greenwood, t. Columbia co. Pa. Pop. 1,078. Greenwood, t. Mifflin co. Pa. on the W. side of the Susquehanuah. Pop. 1,800. Greenwood, t. Cumberland co. Pa. on the W. side of the Susquehannah. Pop. in 1810, 1,102. Grees, r. Ireland, in Kildare, which joins the Barrow, 6 m. S. Athy. Gregory, Cope, a high rocky bluff, on the N. W. coast of America. Lat. 43 23' N. Gregou, or Gregwa. See Griwhee. Gregslown, v. Somerset co. N. J. on the E. side of Millstone river, 6 m. N. E. Princeton. Greifenberg, t. Silesia, on the Queiss, 8 m. S. W. Lowenberg. Lon. 15 30' E. Lat. 50 59' N Pop. 2,400. Greifenfiagen, t. Pomerania, on the Oder, 37m. N. Custrin, 12 S. Old Stettin. Lon. 14 36' E Lat. 53 20' N. Pop. 3,400. Greifswalde, t. Pomerania, belonging to Prus- sia, on the Rick, 2 m. above its influx into toe 300 G R I G R O Baltic, 15 m. S. E. Stralsund. Lon. 13 J3 1 15' E. Lat. 54 4' 35" N. Pop. 3,750. Greits. See Grailz. Grenada, JVetr. See Granada. Grenada, isl. in the W. Indies, 20 miles long from N. to S. and 10 broad in the centre. The soil is fertile in a high degree, seems adapted to every tropical production. Indigo, sugar, tobac- co, coffee, cocoa, and cotton, thrive well in it, and game is abundant. St. George, the capital, is situated in a spacious bay on the west of the isl- and, and possesses one of the safest and most com- modious harbors lor shipping in the i3ritish West Indies The i>l:ind originally belonged to the French, but since !7dJ has been in the possession of the English. In 1809, the value of the imports was 439,4531. ; exports, 189,8002. The popula- tion has decreased considerably since it has be- longed to the English. The pop. in 1811 was- slaves, 29,331 ; whites, 771 ; free people of col- our, 1,210 ; total, 31,362. 123 m. S. W. Barba- does, 71 N. \V. Tobafifo. Lon. 61 43' W. Lat. S. bank of the Ilumbcr, near its mouth. It wa< once rich and populous, with considerable trade ; but the harbor becoming choked up, it gradually declined. Of late, however, the harbor has been improved, a dock constructed at great expense, and the trade has again revived. It is a borough, and sends 2 members to parliament. Pop. in 1811, 2,747. 36 m. N. E. Lincoln. Lon. 1' W. Lat. 53 36' N. Grenade, t. France, in Upper Garonne, on the Garonne, 14m. N. N. W. Toulouse. Pop. 3,250. Grenadillas, or Grenadines, cluster of islands hi the W. Indies, between Grenada and St. Vin- cent's. Grenoble, large t. in the S. E. of France, cap. oflsere, on the river Isere, near the junction of the Drac. Grenoble, though not a fine town, has several spacious squares. It is surrounded with ramparts, and entered by draw-bridges. Its glove manufactures have long been celebrated, and employ nearly oue-iourth of the population. 27 m. S. Chamberry. Lon. 5 43' 49'' E. Lat. 45 I1M2 .N. Pop. 23,000. Gnnonilles, Les, a cluster of rocks, 36 m. S. E. Point -Morand, in the island of Jamaica. Lon. 76 32' E. Lat. 17 32' N. Grcnrille, isl. on the E. coast of Florida, 39 m. long. Lat. 26 55' N. . Grennlle, Point, cape, on the N. W. coast of America. Lat. 47 22' N. Grenr tilers Canal, channel, on the N. W. coast of America, which separates Pitt's archipelago from the coast of New Cornwall. Grelna Green, See Graitney. Greren, t. Prussian States, on the Ems, 11 m. N. E. Munster. Pop. 3,434. Grtuttzn, t. Saxony, 16 m. N. E. Erfurt. Lon. 11'3'E. Lat. 51 6' N. Grey, or Upper League. See Grisons. Grey, Cape, cape, in the Gulf of Carpentaria. Lon. 136 42' E. Lat. 13 1' S. It forms the S. point of Caledon Bay. Grey Point, cape on ths N. W. coast of Amer- ida. Lat. 49 19' N. Grezzuno, t. Austrian Italy, 13m. N. Verona. The natural bridge in the neighbourhood, called the Bridge of Veja, connects two hills. The arch is 50 feet broad, and 1 14 high. Griersburg, p-t. Beaver co. Pa. Pop. 146. Grignan, t. France, 14 m. S. S. E. Montelimart. Gvigoriopol, t. Eu. Russia, in Cherson, on the Dniester, 18 m. N. by W. Bender. Griguet Bay, bay, at the N. E. extremity of Newfoundland. Lon. 55 24' W. Lat 51 40' N. Grimma, t. Saxony, on the Mulda, 15 m. E. S. E. Leipsic, 42 W. N. W. Dresden. Pop. 3,000. Grimsboys, p-v. Faquier co. Va. Grimsby, Great, t. Eng. in Lincolnshire, on the ti t. Lincoln co. Up. Canada, on Lake Ontario, W. of Niagara. Grimsel,mt Switz. between the canton of Bern and the Upper Valais. Grindal, Point, cape, on the E. coast of the Prince of Wales' Archipelago, in the Duke of Clarence's strait. Lon. 228 8' E. Lat. 55 27' N. Grindall Point, on the N. coast of New Holland. Lon. 130 6i'E. Lat. 13 15V S. Grindelwald, v. of Bern, in Switzerland, 3 m, S, S. E. Thun. Grindleton, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 17 m. W. S. W. Skipton. Pop. 1,022. Grindstone-ford, p-v. Claiborne co. Missis- sippi. Grinstead, East, t. Eng. in Sussex, 29 m. S. by E. London. Lon. 1' W. Lat. 51 1' N. Pop. 2,804. Griqua town, a station of the London Mission- ary Society, in South Africa, north of the Great Orange river, and about 700 m. N. E. of Cape Town. Grisnes, Cape, France, on the coast of Picardy, between Bologne and Calais. Lon. 1 35' E. Lat. 50 50' N. Grisons, Country of, a canton, occupying the S. E. corner of Switzerland. Extent, 2,500 sq. miles. Pop. 73,000, of whom 26,000 speak the Ger- man language, 10,000 the Italian, and 37,000 the Rornansh or ancient Rhoetian language. The sur- face is mountainous, and the chief support of the inhabitants is derived from herds and flocks. The canton is divided into three leagues, viz. the League of God's House, the Grey League, and the League of the Ten Jurisdictions. The govern- ment is purely democratic. Grissee. See Gresse. Grissels, p-v. Columbiana co. Ohio. Griswold, t. New-London co. Ct. on the Quine- baug, 6 or 8 m. N. E. Norwich. It formerly con- stituted the part of Preston called North Society. Top. 1,869. Grila, t. Caraccas, 46 m. S. S. W. Merida. Griii'hee, t. Slave coast of Africa, cap. of Whi- dah. Lon. 1 16' E. Lat. 6 30' N. Pop. 8,000. Grixalva, r. Mexico, which falls into the gulf of Mexico, in lat. 18 35' N. Groai. See Garaivay. Grodno, t. Russian Poland, on the Niemen, and capital of the government of Grodno ; 140 m. N. E. Warsaw, 140 S. E. Konigsberg. Lon. 23 49' E. Lat. 53 40' N. Pop. 5,000, of whom 1,500 are Jews. Grodno, government of Russian Poland, adja- cent to the governments of Wilria and Minsk. Ex- tent, 1 1,000 square miles. Pop. 620,000. Groenekloof, v. S. Africa, in Cape of Good Hope, 40 m. N. Cape Town. Grohnde, t. Hanover, on the Weser, 9 m. S. Hameln. Pop. 3,587. Groitsch, t. Saxony, on the Elster, 13 m. S. Leip- zic. Lon, 12 20' E, Lat. 51 12' N. G R O Groll, or Groenloo, t. Netherlands, 19 m. E. Zutphen. Lon. 6 32' E. Lat. 52 5' N. Grondines, seigniory, Hampshire co. Lower Canada, on the N. side of the St. Lawrence, 45 m. W. Quebec. Grojiingen, province, at the N. E. extremity of the Netherlands, bounded by the German ocean on the N. by Hanover on the E. and by the prov- inces of Drenthe and Friesland on the S. and W. Extent, 770 sq. miles. Pop. 146,000. The sur- face is level and low. The chief wealth of the province lies in its pastures. Groningen, t. Netherlands, cap. of the province of Groningen, on the Hunse and Fivel. The uni- versity of Groningen was founded in 1614. It consists of 5 faculties, with 19 professors, and has a good library. The chief trade is in agricultur- al produce. The manufactures are of linen and woollen, also of quills. 100 m. N. E. Amster- dam. Lon. 6 35' E. Lat. 53 12' N. Pop. 26,500. Groningen, t. Prussian States, in Westphalia, on the Bode, 6 m. N. E. Halberstadt. Lon. 11 11' E. Lat. 51 56' N. Pop. 2,250. Groningen, or Mark Groninsen, t. Wirtemberg, 7 m. N. N. W. Stutgard. Pop. 2,200. Gronskar, light-house in the Baltic, on the coast of Sweden, in Ion. 19 2' 30" E. lat. 59 15' 50" N. Groote Eylandt, isl. on the N. coast of New Hol- land, in the gulf of Carpentaria. It extends from lat. 13 39' to 14 17' S. Gros bois, or Yamachiche, seigniory, St. Maurice co. Lower Canada, on lake St. Peters, 14 m. W. Three-Rivers. Gros cap, cape, Up. Canada, at the outlet of lake Superior. Gros hie, isl. Michigan Territory, in Detroit river, near its mouth. It is about 8 miles long, and 1^ wide. The soil is fertile, and some of it is cultivated. Here is a quarry, from which stone is obtained for building. Groso, Cape, promontory, Spain. Lon. 1 23' E. Lat. 41 11' N. Grossenhayn, or Hayn, t. Saxony, on the Roder, 8 m. N. Meissen, 16 N. N.W. Dresden. Lon. 13 29' E. Lat. 51 18' N. Pop. 3,500. Grosses Haf. See Haff. Grossetto, t. Tuscany, 30 m. S. S. E. Piombino, 70 S. Florence. Lon. 1 1 4' E. Lat. 42 49' N. Grossing, v. Prussian Saxony, 3 m. S. by E. Torgau. Grolkau, t. Silesia, 28 m. S. S. E. Breslau. Grolon, p-t. Grafton co. N. H. 15 m. N. E. Dart- mouth College, 38 N. W. Concord. Pop. 688. Here is a furnace for casting hollow iron ware. Groton, t. Caledonia co. Vt. 16 m. E. Montpe- Her. Pop. 595. Groton, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. 34 m. N. W. Boston. Pop. 1,897. Here is an academy. The village is handsomely built on a rising ground, which commands an extensive prospect. Groton, p-t. New London co. Ct. at the mouth of the Thames, opposite New London. Pop. 4,664. In this town is Fort Griswold, which defends the harbor of New London. Groton, t. Tompkins co. N.Y. Pop. 2,742. Groton, t. Huron co. Ohio. Grolla,t. Austrian Italy, on the Adda, 7 m. N. W. Cremona. Grolla Minarda, t. Naples, in the Principato Ultra. 3 m, S. Ariano. Pop. 2.250, G U A 301 Grottaglia, t. Naples, 18 m. E. Taranto ; also, a town, 9 m. E. Taranto. Groudis, small isl. France, over against L'- Orient. Lon. 3 26' 8" W. Lat. 47 3S' 4" N. Grovehill, p-v. Warren co. N. C. Groveland, p-t. Livingston co. N. Y. on Genesee river, 30 m. S. W. Canandaigua. It contains a Presbyterian church. Pop. 1,273. Gruvepoint, the N. point at the mouth of Sassa- fras river, Md. 5 m. S.W. Turkey-point. Groups, The, two islands, or rather groups of islands, in the Pacific ocean, seen by Capt. Cook, 1769. The southernmost lies in Ion. 142 42' W. lat. 18 12' S. Groupus, t. on the coast of Brazil, with a fine and spacious harbor, having good anchorage. Lat. 26 26' S. Grubenhagen, a principality in the kingdom of Hanover, on the E. side of the Leine. Pop. 60,000. Grumo, v. a little E. of Naples, on the heights of Copo di Chino. Pop. 3,100. Grunbtrg, t. Silesia, in Glogau, 30 m. N. W. Gros Glogau. Lon. 15 35' E. Lat. 51 58' N. Pop. 8,000. Grunberg, t. Hesse Darmstadt, 10 m. E. Gies- sen, 28 W. Fulda. Grunde, v. Hanover, 12 m. S. W. Goslar. Grunstadt, t. Bavarian circle of the Rhine, 22 m. S. Mentz. Pop. 2,300. Gruyeres, t. Switz. in Friburg, 15 m. S. Fri- burg. Lon. 6 53' E. Lat. 46 36' N. Gshat, t. Russia, in Smolensko. Guacara, t. Venezuela, 12 m. fr. Valencia. Guacho, or Huacho, port, on the coast of Peru, Lat. 11 14' S. Guadalaviar, (an. Durias,} r. Spain, which falls into the Mediterranean, near Valencia, in lat. 39 25' N. Guadalaxara, province, Spain, in New Castile. Extent 1,050 sq. miles. Pop. 122,000. Guada- laxara, the capital, has a large manufactory of cloth for account of government. 56 m. N. E. Madrid. Lon. 3 22' E. Lat. 40 33' N. Pop. 12,000. Guadalaxara, an intendancy of Mexico, bound- ed N. by the intendancies of Sonora and Durango, E. by Zacatecas and Guanaxuato, S. by Vallado- lid, and W. by the Pacific. Extent 73,628 square miles. Pop. in 1803, 630,500. Guadalaxara, city, Mexico, cap. of the intendan- cy of Guadalaxara, is situated in a delightful and fertile plain, near the Baranja river, 280 m. N.W. Mexico. Pop. 19,500, consisting of Spaniards, mu- lattoes and mestizoes. Lat. 21 9' N. Guadalbon, r. Spain, in Jaen, which falls into the Guadalquivir, at Mengibar. Guadalcanar, isl. in the Pacific, one of Solo- mon's archipelago. Lon. 161 50' 21" E. Lat. 9 16' 30" S. Guadalmer, r. Spain, which joins the Guadiana, in Spanish Estremadura. Guadaloupe, isl. one of the largest and most val- uable in the W. Indies, is situated in Ion. 62 W. and lat. 16 20' N. It is divided into two parts by a channel, in breadth from 30 to 80 yards. This channel runs north and south, and communicates with the sea, by a large bay at each end ; that on the N. is called Grand Cul de Sac, and that on the S. Petit Cul de Sac. The part of the island east of the channel, is called Grand Terre, and is about 120 miles in circumference. The west part is 302 G U A G U A subdivided by a ridge of mountains into Capes- terre on the west, and Basse-terre on the east. This part also is 120 miles in circuit. Both parts would be joined by au isthmus 6 miles in breadth, were it not cut through by the river. In many parts the soil is rich, and not inferior to that of Martinico. Its produce is sugar, coffee, rum, gin- ger, cocoa, logwood, &c. The exports in 1811, were 8,216,249 Ibs. of sugar, 1,330,816 gallons of spirits, 1,601,686 Ibs. of coffee, 219,009 Ibs. of cot- ton, and 963 Ibs. cocoa. This island has been re- peatedly taken by the British. It now belongs to France, having been restored in 1814. The popu- lation in 1812, according to a return to the British House of Commons, was 114,839, of which num- ber 12,747 were whites, 94,328 slaves, and 7,764 free negroes. Guadaloupe, isl. off the coast of California. Lon. 11817'W. La t. 28 53' N. Guadaloupe, r. Mexico, in Texas, which falls into the gulf of Mexico after a course of about 200 miles. Guadalquivir, one of the largest rivers in Spain, rises in Granada, traverses Andalusia, passes by Andujar, Cordova and Seville, and falls into the Mediterranean, 20 m. N. W. Cadiz, in Ion. 4 35' W. lat. 36 46' N. It is navigable for small vessels to Cordova. Guadalupe, t. Spain, 45 m. S. W. Toledo. Guadarama, r. Spain, which joins the Tagus, about 9 miles below Toledo. Guadiamar, r. Spain, which runs into the Gua- idalquivir a few leagues below Seville. Guadiana, r. Spain, which rises in La Mancha, and running west, passes by Ciudad Real, Merida, and Badajoz, and enters Portugal, where it takes a southerly direction, and falls into the sea, be- tween Ayamonte and Castel Marim, in Ion. 7 26' VV. It is navigable 40 miles. Guadix, t. Spain, in Granada, near the Guadal- quivir. It is the see of a bishop. 28 m. E. N. E. Granada. Pop. 8,300. Guailtu* or Huailas, province, Peru, bounded N. E. and E. by Conch ucos, S. E. and S. by Caxa- tambo, and W. by Santa. Guaim, or Lnguaira.i. S. America, in Caraccas. It has a celebrated fort, defended byacastle.and more frequented than any other upon the coast, though it is not completely protected from the wind. On the 26th March, 1812, this town was laid in ruins by an earthquake. 7 m. N. of the city of Caraccas. Lon. 67 2' W. Lat. 10 48' N. Pop. 6,000. Gualior, district, Hind, in Agra, between 26" and 27 N. lat. and between 78 and 79 E. Ion. Gualior, a celebrated fortress, Hind, in Agra. It is the possession of the Mahrattas, and is consid- ered as the key of Hindostan from the Mahratta country. Lon. 78 14' E. Lat. 26 18' N. (rt/.allaga, r. S. America, which rises in Peru, and enters the Amazon, in lat. 7 16' S. after a course of 500 miles. Gualtero, or Gualtdri, t. States of Modena, 13 m. N. Reggio. Pop. 4,150. Guam, or Guakun, one of the Ladrone islands, 120 miles in circuit. Lon. 155 10' E. Lat. l:j" 25' N. There is a town on the island, called Aga- na, built by the Spaniards. Guamackuclvo, province, Peru, bounded Caxamarquilla, N. E. by Chochapoyas, N. by Caxamarca, N. W. and W. by Truxillo, and S. by Conchucos. Pop. 11,000. Guamalies, or Huamalies, province, Peru, bounded N. by Pataz, E. by the Andes, S. E. by Guaauco, S. by Tarma, S. W. by Caxatamlio, and N. VV. by Conchucos. It is an extensive val- ley, 250 miles long, through which runs the Ama- zon. Guamanga, or Huamanga, a province of Peru. Guamanga^ the capital, is a handsome town, with a university. 188 m. S. E. Lima, 176 N.W. Cuz- co. Lon. 77 56' W. Lat. 12 50' N. Guatnantagua, t. Peru, 50 m. N. E. Lima. Guamoco, city, New Granada, 32 m. N. E. An- tioquia. Lon. 74 57' W. Lat. 7 9' N. Guanahani. See Cat island, Guanajo. See Bonacca. Guanapu, r. Brazil, which empties itself from the south into the mouth of the Amazon. Guanare, t. Caraccas, in the province of Vari- nas, admirably situated on Guanare river, a branch of the Apure. On the S. and E. of the town are vast plains, which feed immense herd ; of oxen. Pop. 12,300. 193 m. S. S. W. Carac- cas, 64 S. E. Truxillo. Lon. 66 55' W. Lat. 8 14' N. Guanaxua(o,one of the intendancies of Mexico, and the most populous of the whole viceroyalty, contains 6,978 sq. miles, 517,300 inhabitants. The produce of the mines is now greater than that of Potosi, or that of any other mine ever known. They afforded, from 1796 to 1803, nearly 40 mil- lions of dollars in gold and silver, or very nearly 5 millions annually. Guanaxuato, the capital, contains within the city, 41,000 inhabitants; and in the mines surrounding the city, 29,600 ; alto- gether, 70,600. The ground on which the city is built is 6,836 feet above the level of the sea. Lon. 101 54' W. Lat. 21 N. Guancabelica, or Guancavelica, t. Peru, and cap. of the province of Angaraez. The mountains in the vicinity are rich in gold and silver ores ; but it is chiefly for a mine of quicksilver that this city is celebrated. This mine formerly yielded an immense produce ; but, not being worked in a proper and regular manner, the pit fell in. At present, it yields about 1,500 cwt. of quicksilver. 53 m. W. Guamanga, 140 S. E. Lima. Lon. 74 51' W. Lat. 12 56' S. Guanchaco, t. on the coast of Peru, near Trux- illo, of which it is the harbor. Lon. 78 58' W. Lat. 8 5' S. Guano Key, Great, and Little, 2 small islands among the Bahamas. Lon. 77 30' W. Lat. 26" 30' IS. Guanta, province, Peru, bounded N. and N. W. by Xauxa, N. E. and E. by the Andes, S. and *. W. by Anganaes, Guamanga, and Castro Virey- na. Pop. 10,000. Guantanamo, or Cumberland) bay on the coast of Cuba. Lon. 76" 50' W. Lat. 20 30' N. Guanuco, t. Peru. Lon. 75 36' W. Lat. 10 6'S. Guarapiche, r. S. America, in Cumana, which enters the gulf of Paria, between the point of Paria and the mouth of the Oronoco, in lat. 10 (iiKirda, fortified t. Portugal, in Beira, near the source of the Mondego, 67 m. E. Coimbra, 20 S. W. Almeida. Pop. 2,300. Guardftfui) Cape, the most eastern point of Af- rica, at the entrance into the Red Sea. Lon. 51 5.V K. Lat. 1 1 45' N. Guardamar, t. Spain, in Valencia, at the mouth of the Segura, 17 m. S. S. W. Alicant. Lon. 1 29' W. Lat. 38 15' N. Pop. 4,250. Guardarville, seigniory, Hampshire co. Lower G U A ;,ada, on the N. side of the St. Lawrence, 5 m. j$. Quebec. Guardia, t. Naples, in Terra di Lavoro. Pop. 4,100. Guardia, t. Spain, in Toledo, 30 m. S. S. E. Madrid. Pop. 3,350. Guardia, t. Naples, 11 m. E. Molise. Lon. 14 50' E. Lat. 41 50' N. Guardia, L Spain, in Galicia, at the mouth of the Minho, 14 m. W. S. W. Tuy. Lon. 9 10' W. Lat. 41 40' N. Guardia Lombarda, t. Naples, in Principato Ultra. Pop. 2,500. GuardiaJfiera, t. Naples, 16 m. N. E. Molise. Guarico, r. Caraccas, which falls into the Apure, about 60 miles from its junction with the Orinoco. Guarico, Puntadel, cape on the N. coast of Cu- ba. Lon. 74 22' W. Guarochiri, a province of Peru. Guarochiri, the capital, is 57 m. fr. Lima. Lon. 76 18' W. Lat. 1155'S. Guaraimos, Indians, Caraccas, who inhabit the islands at the mouth of the Orinoco ; 8,000 in num- ber. Guasco, or Huasco, port, Chili, in Copiapo, with an excellent harbor. Lon. 76 e 6' W. Lat. 28 29' S. Guasta di Amone, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra, 22 m. E. by S. Lanciano. Pop. 2,700. Guastalla, t. Italy, in Parma, and cap. of a small dutchy, at the confluence of the Crostolo and the Po. It is fortified, and forms an important pass in time of war. Pop. 5,500. 21 m. N. W. Parma, 21 S. Mantua. Lon. 10 39' E. Lat. 44 54' N. The dutchy now belongs to the Archduchess Ma- ria-Louisa, late empress of France. Guatemala, Captain-Generalship of, one of the Spanish possessions in N. America, extending from New Spain on the N. W. nearly to the isthmus of Darien, and bounded E. by the Caribbean sea, arid W. by the Pacific ocean. It consists of 6 prov- inces, viz. Chiapa, Vera Paz, Guatimala, Hondu- ras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. The great Amer- ican range of mountains runs through the coun- try from S. E. to N. W. Volcanoes are extreme- ly numerous, and some of them terrific ; no less than 20 are in constant activity. The general ap- pearance of the soil is extremely fertile, and Gua- timala produces abundantly corn, cochineal, grapes, honey, wax, cotton, fine wool, and dye- woods. The population has been estimated at 1,800,000. Guatemala, a province of the captain-general- ship, extends along the coast of the Pacific ocean, and is bounded N. E. by Vera Paz and Chiapa, E. by Honduras, S. W. by the Pacific ocean, S. E. by Nicaragua, N. and W. by Oaxaca. Guatimala, Santiago de, capital of the captain- generalship of Guatimala, was founded, in 1524, en the declivity of a mountain, at whose summit was a volcano; but in 1751, it was overwhelmed by an earthquake, and by the matter from the vol- rano. Notwithstanding this awful calamity, the was rebuilt on the same spot ; but another and more tremendous convulsion again destroyed the devoted place in 1775, the greater part of the inhabitants being at the same time buried in the ruins. The city now standa 25 miles 8. of the old town. It is a magnificent place, adorned with churches and monasteries, and an university, reck- oned one of the best in the empire. Pop. 19,000. Lon. 9T 4tf W. Lat. 14 28' N. G U E ,303 Guauchinango, t. Mexico, in Puebla, 19 m. N. E. Mexico. Lon. 97 54' W. Lat. 20 23' N. r. S. America, which rises in the An- des of Quito, and, after a course of about 500 miles, falls into the Orinoco, in lat. 4 20' N. Guaura, t. Peru, in Chancay, with a good port. Lon. 76 23' W. Lat. 11 6' S. Guaxa. See Xuaxa. Guauxaca. See Oaxaca. Guayaquil, province, in the S. W. corner of New-Granada, bordering on Peru and the Pacific ocean. It produces cacao, of which two crops are gathered annually, cotton, tobacco, salt, wax, rice, and honey, in all which a consid- erable commerce is carried on with the other provinces. Guayaquil, the capital, is on the W. shore of a river of the same name. It has a cele- brated commercial port in the river of Guayaquil, and an excellent dock. Here have been built a great number of ships of the line, owing to the ex- cellent quality of the wood, which is cut in the immediate vicinity. 150 m. S. S. W. Quito. Lon. 79 40' W. Lat. 2 11' 21'' S. Pop. about 20,000. Guayaquil, r. New Granada, which rises on the W. side of the Andes, and falls into the gulf of Guayaquil, in lat. 2 27' S. Guayra. See Guaira. Guasacualco, r. Mexico, which runs S. and en- ters the gulf of Mexico, in Ion. 94 24' W. lat. 18" 12' N. Gubbio, or Eugubio, t. Ecclesiastical State, in Ancona, 35 m. N. Spoleto. Pop. 4,000. Guben, t. Prussian States, in Lusatia, at the junction of the Lubst and the Neisse, 22 m. S, Frankfort on the Oder, 70 N. N. E. Dresden. Lon. 14 45' E. Lat. 51 57' N. Pop. about 6,000. Guber, country, Central Africa. It pays trib- ute to Asben. Gubi, t. India, in Mysore. Lon. 77 10' E. Lat. 13 7' N. Gudarah, district, Hind, in Gujerat. Gudarah, the capital, is in Ion. 73 43' E. Lat. 22 50 7 N. Guelderland. See Gelderland. Gueldres, or Gueldern. See Gelders. Gudfo,St. or Castd Guelfo, t. Italy, on the Ta ro, 8 m. W. by N. Parma. Guemenee, t. France, in Loire Inferieure, 9 m, N. Blain. Pop. 3,600. Guer, t. France, in Morbihan, 34 m. E. N. E. Vanncs. Pop. 4,800. Guerande, t. France, in Loire Inferieure, be- tween the mouth of the Vilaine and the Loire, 36 m. W. Nantes. 13 S. Roche Bernard. Lon. 2 25' 26" W. Lat. 47 19' 39" N. Pop. 7,200. Guerard, t. France, in Seine-and-Marne, 24 m. E. Paris. Guerche, La, t. France, 18 m. E. S. E. Rennes, Guerche, La, t. France, on the Creuse, 30 m. Tours. Gueret, t. France, cap. of La Creuse, 40 m. N. E. Limoges, 221 S. Paris. Pop. 3,400. Guerigny, v. France, in Nievre, 9 m. N. Ne- vers. Guernica, t. Spain, in Biscay, 22 m. N. N. E. Vittoria. Guernsey, ial. in the English channel, near the French coast, 9 miles long, 6 broad, and about 39 in circuit. The soil is rich and fertile, and yields very fine pasture. The island is subject to Eng- land, but the Norman French is generally spoken by all ranks. Scarcely any of the common peo- ple can speak English. All their domestic utea- 304 G U J sils and implements of husbandry are after the French fashion, as also their dress and mode of liv- ing. The amount of shipping belonging to the island in 1813, was 10,892 tons. The chief town is St. Peter's Port, on the east coast, with a good harbor. Distant from Cape la Hogue 26 m. W. S. W.; from Cherbourg 36 W. by S.; from Port- land 51 S.; from Portsmouth 94 S. W. Lon. 2 40' W Lat. 49 33' N. Pop. 21,293. Guernsey, co. Ohio, bounded N. by Tuscarawas eo. E. by Belmont co. S. by Morgan co. W. by Muskingum and Coshocton cos. Sq. miles, 471. Pop. 9,292. Engaged in agriculture 891, in com merce 18, in manufactures 85. Chief t. Cambridge. Gueta. See Hueta. Guetaria, or Galaria, castle and t. Spain, on the coast of Guipuscoa, 9 m. W. St. Sebastian. Lon. 2 8' 55'' W. Gugagh, t. Hind, in Sinde. Lon. 68 7' E. Lat. 24 45' N. Guhrau, or Gurau, t. Silesia, 17 m. E. Glogau. Guiana, country, S. America, between the Ori- noco and the Amazon. It has Caraccas on the N. W. the Atlantic on the N. E. Brazil on the W. and New Granada on the S.W. The river Cassiquiari unites the Orinoco with the Negro, a branch of the Amazon, making this country a real island, separated by water from the rest of the continent. Guiana is divided between 5 different nations. 1. Spanish Gwarmbelongs to Caraccas. It extends on the coast from the Orinoco to the Essequebo. 2. English Guiana extends from the Essequebo to the Corentin. 3. Dutch Guiana, from the Co- rentin to the Maroni. 4. French Guiana, from the Maroni to the Aruary. 5. Portuguese Guia- na, from the Aruary to the Amazon. The boun- daries between these divisions in the interior are not determined, and there is no necessity for de- termining them, because the white settlements do not extend far from the sea coast, the interior be- ing occupied by war-like Indians. English Guia- na is subdivided into the districts of Essequebo, Demarara, and Berbice. Dutch Guiana is some- times called Surinam, and French Guiana, Cay- enne. The population may be estimated at 250,000, exclusive of Indians. Spanish Guiana has 34,000, English Guiana more than 70,000, Dutch Guiana 80,000, and French Guiana 30,000. The mass of the population are negro slaves ; there are less than 20,000 whites. The Dutch colonies, (including English Guiana,) have from the earli- est period been exposed to depredations from fugi- tive negroes, who have fled to the woods from the excessive cruelty of their masters. The country along the shore and for a consid- erable way into the interior, is an extensive and uniform plain of unequalled fertility. It is covered with thick forests, even to the water's edge ; the coast is so low and flat, that nothing is seen at first but the trees, which appear to be growing out of the water. The country is overspread with the most luxuriant vegetation, abounding in fruits of every description, and an infinite variety of rare and useful plants. The principal articles cultiva- ted are sugar, coffee and cotton. Guibarra, bay on the N. coast of Cuba. Guienne, before the revolution, a province in the S. W. of France, now divided into the depart- ments of the Gironde, the Lot-and-Garonne, the Dordogne, the Lot, and the Aveyron. Pop. 1,900,000. Gujerat, or Gujrat, province, Hind, between 21 and 24 N. lat. bounded N. by Ajtneer, K. bv G U I Malwah and Kandeish, S. by Aurungabad and the sea, and W. by a sandy desert, the gulf of ditch, and the sea. During the war of 1780, the British got possession of a portion of it. Their territory occupies a considerable tract of country on both sides of the gulf of Cambay, and includes the pop- ulous cities of Surat, Broach, Cambay, Kaira, and Gogo. The sea coast between the gulf of Cam- bay and Cutch is occupied by different indepen- dent chiefs, all greatly addicted to piracy. The northern and western borders are also possessed by a number of barbarous chiefs. Guigues, r. Venezuela, which runs into the At- lantic, 16 leagues W. Coro. Guilderlandt, p-t. Albany co. N. Y. 12 m. W. N. W. Albany. Pop. 2,270. At the village of Ham- ilton in this town, there are extensive glass facto- ries. Guildford, borough. Eng. and cap. of Surrey, on the Wye, which is navigable for barges from the Thames. It contains a castle, a guild-hall, a jail, a theatre, 3 churches, and several meeting- houses for dissenters. Pop. 2,974. 30 m. S. W. London. Lon. 34' W. Lat. 51 14' N. Guildhall, p-t. and cap. Essex co. Vt. on Con- necticut river, opposite Lancaster, with which it is connected by a bridge, 50m. N. E. Montpelier. Pop. 529. Guilford, t. Somerset co. Maine, 40 m. N. E. Norridgewock. Pop. 325. Guilford, t. Windham co. Vt. 49 m. S. Windsor. Pop. 1,862. Guildford, p-t. and borough, New Haven co. Ct. on Long Island Sound, 15m. E. New Haven, 36 S. Hartford. Pop. 4,131. It contains 7 houses of public worship. Here are two harbors and some shipping. Guilford, t. Chenango co. N. Y. Pop. 2,175. Guilford, t. Franklin co. Pa. Pop. 2,439. Guildford co. N. C. inclosed by Rowan, Rock- ingham and Orange cos. and Virginia. Pop. 14,511. Slaves 1,611. Engaged in agriculture 3,621, in manufactures 105. Chief town, Martinsville. Guilford, t. Medina co. Ohio. Pop. 72. Guillac, t. France, on the Tarn, 14 m. S. W. Albi, 30 N. E. Toulouse. Pop. 6,500. Guillaudiere, fief, Surry co. Lower Canada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 15 m. N. E. Mont- real . Guillhaume, Bonhomme, seigniory, Hampshire co. Lower Canada, 12 m. N. Quebec. Guillestre, t. France, in Upper Alps, 11 m. N. E. Embrum. Guillon, v. France, on the Serain, 30 m. S. Iv Auxerre. Guillori, See Gillori. Guimaraens, t. Portugal, in Entre Douro e Min- ho. Here are manufactures of damasked linen for table cloths ; also of knives. 10 m. S. E. Bra- ga, 30 N. N. E. Oporto. Pop. 7,500. Guinala. See Gkilanu. Guinea, a name given to a part of the W. coast of Africa, from the Rio Mesurado to the western extremity of Benin, comprehending about 13 de- grees of longitude. This territory is usually divi- ded into the Grain coast, the Ivory coast, the Gold const, and the Slave coast. The Grain Coast extends from the Mesurado to- the village of Growa, about 10 miles beyond Cap Palmas. It yields a coarse species of pepper, but. neither gold nor ivory, and has been comparative- ly little frequented. The Ivory Coast, extends from Growa, tf GUM G U R 305 Appollonia. It abounds with ivory, but has no harbors, and has never been very extensively fre- quented. The Gold Coast extends from Cape Appollonia to the Rio Volta. European settlements and trade have been carried on here to a greater extent than in any other part of Africa. Britain has now a more extensive footing upon this coast than any other nation. Cape Coast castle is the capital of the British settlements; and forts are also main- tained at Acra, Dixcove, Succondee, Commerido, and Anamboe. The Slave Coast extends from the Rio Volta to the bay and river of Lagos, which separates it from Benin. The British formerly had settle- ments here, but they have recently been aban- doned. Guinea, New. See New Guinea. Guinegast, or Euguinegatle, v. France, in Pas de Calais, between St. Homer and Hesdin. Guints, t. France, in Pas de Calais, 6 m. S. Ca- lais. . Guingamp, t. France, in Cotes du Nord, 15m. S. W. St. Brieux. Pop. 5,200. Guioimre, territory of the Ivory Coast of Africa. Guipana, the largest of the Cervine Islands, in the Adriatic, belonging to the house of Austria ; about 18 miles in circumference. Guipry, t. France, in Ille-and-Vilaine, 13 m. N. E. Redon. Pop. 3,000. Guipuzcoa, a district of the province of Biscay, in Spain, on the French frontier. Pop. 105,000. Extent, 640 square miles. See Biscay. Guisborougk, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, noted for its alum works. 8 m. N. E. Stokesley. Lon. 1 2' W. Lat. 54 31' N. Pop. 1,834. Guiscardo. See Viscardo. Guise, t. France, on the Oise, 20 ra. N. Laon, 14 E. St. Quentin. Lon. 3 42' E. Lat. 49 55' N. Guishden, r. Ireland, which runs into the Moy. Gujunderghur, district, Hind, in Bejapore, be- tween 15 and 16 N. lat. Gujunderghur, the capital, is in-lon. 75 56' E. lat. 15 45' N. Gulan, v. Scotland, 5i m. S. W. by W. North Berwick. Gulan Ness, small promontory of Scotland, the S. point at the entrance of the frith of Forth into the German ocean. Lon. 2 44' W. Lat. 56 S'N. Gulf Stream, a current which rushes out of the Gulf of Mexico between Cuba and Florida and proceeds north along the coast of the United States, and northeast as far as the shores of Ice- land and Great Britain. Its velocity off the coast of Florida is 5 miles an hour, and in lat. 37 N. about 1 mile. Gull islands, Great and Little, 2 small islands, lying W. of Fisher's island in Long-Island Sound. There is alight-house on Little-Gull island. <> l i>r. See Galope. Gumbinnen, one of the governments into which East Prussia has been lately divided, bordering on Rusia, the kingdom of Poland, and the govern- ment of Konigsberg. Extent, 6, 150 square miles. Pop. 350,000, of whom the great majority are Lutherans. '"/"/i, t. E. Prussia, on the Pissa, and rap. of the government of Gumbinnen. 65 m. E. Konigsberg. Lon. 22 35' E. Lat. 54 31' N. Pop. 5,300. Gumpoltikirchen, t. Austria, 8 m. S. Vienna. Gumshade, p-v. Henderson co. Ky. 39 Gutnsprings, p-v. Orange co. Va. Gumurginia, t. Thrace, on the great road from Salonica to Constantinople, 40 m/S. W. Trajano- polis. Pop. 6,000. Gundavee, t. Hind, in Gujerat, 25 m. S. Surat. Gundamw, t. Hind, in Gujerat. Lon. 6847' E. Lat. 21 50' N. Gundelfingen, t. Bavarian states, on the Brenz, where it joins the Danube. 19 m. N. E. Ulm. Lon. 10 19' E. Lat. 48 32' N. Gunduck, district, Hind in Bejapoi-e. Gun- duck, the capital, is in Ion. 75 42' E. lat. 15 27' N. Gunduck, r. Hind, which rises in Tibet, and passing through Nepaul, separates the province of Oude from Bahar, and falls into the Ganges at Hajpore. Gundwanah, province, Hind, extending from 19 to 25 N. lat. bounded N. by Allahabad and Bahar ; S. by Orissa and the river Godavery ; E. by Orissa, Bengal and Bahar, and W. by Malwah, Berar and Allahabad. The more fertile portions belong to the Nagpore Mahrattas, the remainder to various chiefs the Aborigines of the country, called Goands, who are in a very uncivilized state. Gungadi, t. Africa, on the Senegal, 15 m. E. Joag. Gungpoora, or Kangpoora, t and fort, Hind, in Delhi, on the W. bank of the Jumna. Lon. 77 E. Lat. 29 40' N. Gunong Tellu. See Gnnong Tello. Gunpowder, p-v. Baltimore co. Md. Gunpowder neck, peninsula, Hartford co. Md. near the head of Chesapeake bay, between Gun- powder and Bush rivers. Gunpowder, r. Western shore of Md. which flows into Chesapeake bay, 12m. above the mouth of the Patapsco. There are falls a few miles above its mouth. Guns, or Koesseg, t. Hungary, 58 m. S. E. Vi- enna. Lon. 16 33' E. Lat. 47 22' N. Pop. 4,900. Guntoor, one of the Northern Circars, in Hind, on the W. side of the bay of Bengal, immediately north of the Carnatic, and S. of the river Kistnah. See Circars. Guntoor, the capital, is in Ion. 80 30' E. lat. 1620'N. Guntsburg, t. Bavaria, at the confluence of the Guntz and Danube, 15rn. E. Ulm. Gunsenhausen, t. Bavarian states, on the Alt- muhl, 10 m. S. S. E. Anspach. Lon. 10 43' E. Lat. 49 7' N. Gurba, t. on the E. coast of Tunis, 35 m. E.S.E. Tunis. Gurbos, or Hammam Gurbos, t. on the E. coast of Tunis, 23 m. E. Tunis. Guriel, a small territory on the E. shore of the Black Sea, south of the Phasis. It is subject to the Turks. Gurk, r. Germany, which runs into the Drave. Gurk, t. Carinthia, on a river of the same name, 28 m. N. Clagenfurt. Gurkfeld, t. Lower Carniola, on the Save. Lon. 15 35' E. Lat. 45 58' N. Gurrah Mundelah, district, Hind, in Malwah, between 22 and 24 N. lat. and intersected by the river Nerbuddah. It belongs to the Mahrat- tas. Gurrah, the capital, is in Ion. 80 15' E. lat. 23 10' N. Gurrumcondah, district, Hind, in the Carnatic, between 13 and 14 N. lat. and 78 and 79 E. Ion. Gurrumcondah, the capital is defended by a strong built fort, and was ceded to the British in 1800. 306 H A A along with the district. Lon. 78 40' E. Lat. 13" 45' N. Gurrumseir, district, Cabul, on the Helmund, between 30 and 32 N. lat. Gurtnamackan, r. Ireland, which runs into Gal- way bay, 8 m. S. Galway. Guritdicara, t. Hind, in Serinagur. Lon. 78 10' E. Lat. 30 20' N. Gusharen, t. Hesse-Cassel, at the confluence of the Eber and the Fulda, 3 m. fromCassel. Gwsago, . populous place, Austrian Italy, 3 m. W. N. W. Breccia. Gustavus, t. Trumbull co. Ohio. Pop. 371. Gnsfen, t. Germany, in Anhalt-Kothen,5 m. W. Bemburg, 12 W. Kothen. Guftrou', t. Meckleoburg-Schwerin, an the Ne- bel, 16 ra. S. Rostock, 29 E. Wismar. Pop. 6,000. Gulter,isl. in the Arabian sea, near the coast of Persia. Lon. 61 10' E. Lat. 25 15' N. Guttstadt, t. E. Prussia, on the Alle, 60 m. S. Konigsberg. Gufy, or Gooty, a district of the south of India, between 15 and 16 N. lat. and 77 and 78 E. Ion. It belongs to the British, and is included in the collectorship of Bellary. Guty, the capital, is a celebrated fortress. Lon. 77 35' E. Lat. 15 9'N. Gulzkoiv, t. Pomerania, on the Peene, 28 m. Stralsund. Lon. 13 23' E. Lat 53 56' N. Guyah, city, India. 265 m. W. N. W. Calcutta, and a place of great idolatrous resort. It is a sta- tion of the Baptist Missionary Society. Gvyandot, Big, and Little, 2 rivers, Va. which run into the Ohio, between the Kenhawa and San- dy rivers. Big Guyandot is navigable for canoes 60 miles. Guyandot, p-v. Cabell co. Va. Gnyardot,r. Ohio, which runs into the Ohio in Lawrence co. nearly opposite the mouth of Guy- andot river, Va. H A C Guyers, a small river which rises in Savoy, passes by Pont-de-Beauvoisin, in France, and falls into the Rhone. Guzelhisar, city, Asia Minor, on the site of the ancient Magnesia, 70 m. S. E. Smyrna. It is a place of great trade, especially for cotton and cot- ton yarn. It contains many rich merchants, par- ticularly Jews. Lon. 27 50' E. Lat. 37 45' N. Givadur, t. Persia, on the coast of Mekran, 95 m. E. Churbar. Gwennap, parish, Eng. in Cornwall, 6 m. from Truro. Pop. 5,303. Gwinnet, co. Geo. Pop. 4,589. Slaves 538. Engaged in agriculture 1,136, in commerce 18, in ma nn fixtures ]j, Gwynedd, t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop. 1,221. Gy, t. France, in Upper Saone, 14 m. N. Besan- con. Pop. 2,100. Guy sur seine, t. France, 6 m. S. by E. Bar sur Seine. Gyongyos, t. Hungary, 21 m. W. S. W. Erlau. Lon." 19" 56* E. Lat. 47 48' N. Pop. 8,000. Gypsies, a singular race of people dispersed over Europe, but most numerous in the Austrian dominions. They made their first appearance in Germany in the 16th century. Some consider them as Egyptians, others regard them as of Hin- doo origin. Their number is supposed to exceed 700,000. England endeavoured to expel them in 1530 ; France in 1560 ; and Spain in 1591 ; but never with complete success. They are of a swarthy complexion, and live in tents and holes of the earth, wandering from place to place as fugitives and vagabonds. The women are fortune- tellers, and the majority of both sexes are lazy beggars and thieves. Gyula, or Julia, t. Hungary, 51 m. E. Czon- grad. Lon. 21 15' 45" E. Lat. 46 38' 46" N. Pop. 4,250. H. HAAG, t. Bavaria, 28 m. E. Munich. Haage, v. Netherlands, in North Brabant, 2 m. S.W.Breda. Pop. 3,300. Haane-krai-kill, small r. N. Y. which joins the Hudson on the W. side, at New Baltimore land- Haarburg. See Harburg. Haarlem, Haerlem, or Harlem, city, Nether- lands, in N. Holland. It is on the Spaaren, 3 m. from the sea, and communicates witli Amsterdam, Leyden, and the lake of Haarlem, by navigable canals. Among the public edifices are an ele- gant stadt-house, and 15 churches, one of which contains a very celebrated organ. Haarlem has long been celebrated for its bleaching'grounds ; and the whiteness of its linen is noted throughout Europe ; 1 1 m. W. Amsterdam. Lon. 4" 38' E. Lat. 52 22' N. Pop. 22,000. Haarlem, or Harlem. See New York city. Haarlem, Lake, Netherlands, in the province of Holland, 14 miles long. It lies between Leyden, Haarlem and Amsterdam, is navigable through- out, and communicates with the Zuyderzee thro ugh the river Y. Habelschwerdl, or Butrice, t. Silesia, on the Neisse, 11 m. S. Glatz. Lon. 16 41' E. Lat. 50* 14' N. Pop. 2,800. Habersham Eves, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 7 m. N. E. Blackburn. Pop. 2,839. Habersham, co. Geo. Pop. 3,145. Slaves 277. Engaged in agriculture 719, in commerce 1, in manufactures 36. Habsburg, a bailiwick of Switzerland, in the canton of Lucerne. Habur, isl. in the Red sea, 6 m. from the coast of Arabia. Lat. 16 45' N. Hacha, r. S. America, which enters the Atlantic ocean in Ion. 72 54' W. lat. 1 1 31' 30" N. There is a town of the same name at its mouth. Hachenburg, t. Germany, 17 m. E.Coblentz. Hackettstown, p-t. Sussex co. N. J. on the W. side of Musconecunk river, 3 m. above Roxbury, 22 W. by N. Morristown. Hatkinsack, r. N. J. which rises in New- York, and running a southerly course 4 or 5 miles from the Hudson, mingles with the Passaic in Newark bay. It is navigable 15 miles. Hackinsack, p-t. and cap. Bergen co. N. J. on HAD the W. side of Hackinsack river, 20 ra. N. New- York. Pop. 2,076. The publie buildings are a court-house and jail, 2 churches, and an academy. Hackness, cape, Scotland, on the S. E. coast of the isl. of Shapinsha. Lon. 2 42' W. Lat. 58 SS'N. Hackney, v. Eng. in Middlesex, 2 m. N. N. E. London, to which it is joined by several new rows and streets. It contains one parish church and several chapels for dissenters, a free school, a char- ity school, and 17 alms-houses. Pop. 16,771. Hadamar, t. Germany, in Nassau, 15 m. S. W. Dillenburg. Pop. 1,600. Hadau, t. iiavaria, 17m. W. Straubing. Haddam, p-t. Middlesex co. Ct. on the W. side of Connecticut river, 8 m. below Middletown, 23 below Hartford. Pop. 2,478. It contains 3 church- es, 1 for Congregationalist?, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Methodists. The amount of shipping owned in this place, is 1 ,597 tons, employed in the coast- ing trade, and trade to the W. Indies. Here is a valuable quarry of granite. Had-dcssa, mt. Tunis, at the extremity of the Lake of Marks, entirely composed of salt. Haddingion, a royal burgh, Scotland, and cap. of Haddington co. on the Tyne. John Knox, the famous reformer, was born in this town. 16 m. E. Edinburgh, 11 W. D unbar. Lon. 2 48 W. Lat. 5558'N. Pop. 4,370. Haddinglon, or East Lothian, county, Scotland, bounded E. by the German ocean, N. by the frith of Forth, VV. and S. W. by Edinburgh co. and S. and S. E. by Berwick. Extent, 207 square miles, or 1 90,363 acres. It is one of the most fertile counties in Scotland, and from its high state of cul- tivation produces great quantities of wheat and other grain. The western part abounds with coal. Pop. in 181 1,31,057. Haddo, t. Scotland, in Aberdeen, 9m. N. N. E. Inverary. Haddonjldd, p-t. Gloucester co. N. J. 9 m. S. E. by E. Philadelphia. Haddand, t. Norway, 37 m. N. N. E. Christia- nia. Haddn, district of Hanover, at the mouth of the Elbe, in the new province of Bremen. Extent, 126 sq. miles. Pop. 16,000. Hadenville, p-v. Goochland co. Va. Hadersdorf, t. Austria, 28 m. N.W. Vienna. Hadersleben, t. Denmark, in Sleswick, on a bay of the Little Belt. Pop. 3,200. 24 m. E. Ribe. Lon. 9 3ff E. Lat. 55 15' N. Hadleigh, t. Eng. in Suffolk, on the Bret, 64 m. N. E. London, 7 W. Ipswich. Lon. 57' E. Lat. 52 3' N. Pop. 2,592. Hadley, or Hartley ad Caslrum, v. Eng. in Es- sex, noted for the remains of its ancient castle. Hadley, or Moncton Hadley, v. Eng. in Middle- sex, 12 m. S. London. Pop. 718. Hadley, p-t. Hampshire co. Mass, on the E. bank of Connecticut river, nearly opposite Northamp- ton, 20 m. N. Springfield, 97 VV. Boston. Pop. 1,461. It is connected by bridges with Hatfield and Northampton. The town is laid out in two lon^ streets, parallel with the river. Hopkins' Academy in this place, is a flourishing institution. Hadley, p-t. Saratoga co. N.Y. on Hudson river, 17 m. N. Ballston-spa, 51 above Albany. Pop. 798. Hadmersleben,t. Prussian states, on the Bode, 23 m. S.VV. Magdeburg. Pop. 1,617. Hadramaul, province of Arabia, occupying the coast upon the Indian ocean, from Yemen to Om- H A G 307 mon. A considerable part is sandy and barren, but many of the hilly districts are extremely fer- tile. It exports frankincense, gum-arabic, dragon's blood, myrrh, and aloes. Haemus, a ridge of mountains, in Eu. Turkey, which enters the country at the N. W. corner, and proceeds in a semicircular form along the southern border of Bosnia, Servia and Bulgaria, separating the waters which flow N. into the Save and the Danube, from those which flow S. into the Adriat- ic and Archipelago, and terminating on the coast of the Black Sea at Cape Emineh, in lat. 42 30' N. Haerlebecke, t. Netherlands, in Flanders, on the Lys, 2(i m. S. W. Ghent. Pop. 3,000. Hatrlem, or Harlem. See New-York city. H.n -anri;, t, Netherlands, in Flaaders, 14 m. N. E. Dencir eciond. Pop 2,250. Haf, au extensive bay or gulf of Pnmerania, formed by the Oder at ite mouth. It is divided into the Great and Little Haf, 36 miles long, and from 1 to 9 broad. Haf, a bay of E. Prussia, which communicates with the Baltic by a small strait near Memei, and is separated from it by a narrow tract called Cu- rischeNehrung. It is 31 miles long, and 18 broad. H'if. bay of the Baltic, on the coast of E. Prus- sia, <53 miles long, and 13 broad. It communicates with the sea near Pillau ; and between it ?nd the Baltic is a lonp; and narrow point of land called the Frische Nekrung. Hafaiva, one of the Friendly islands in the Pa- cific ocean, 18m. N. N. E. Annamooka. HaftrstrOf t. E. Prussia, 5 m. S. W. Konigs- berg. Hafnerzell, t. Bavaria, 8 m. N. Passau. Pop. 1,800. Hag's-Head, cape, Ireland. Loa. 9 24' W. Lat. 52 55' N. Hagarslown, or Elisabct/ilown, p-t. and cap. Washington co. Md. is situated in the fertile valley of Ccnecocheague, on the west bank of Antietam creek, 27 m. N. W. Fredericktown, 70 N. W. Washington city, 79 W. N. W. Baltimore. It is regularly laid out, and contains about 300 houses, principally built of brick and stone, a court-house, jail, market-house and 4 house? of public worship. The trade with the western country is considera- ble, and there are a number of mills iu the neigh- bourhood. Hagdanger, t. Sweden, on the gulf of Bothnia, 9 m. S. S. W. Hernosand. Hagelsberg, v. Prussian part of Saxony, 2 m. W, Belzig, 43 S.W. Berlin. Hagen, t. Prussian states, in the county of Mark, on the Vollme. Pop. 1,850. Lon. 7 35' E. Lat. 519'N. Hagen, t. Prussia, in the island of Rugen, 18 m. S. E. Rugen. Hagenau, t. Germany, in Mecklenburg-Schwe- rin, 30 m. S. W. Schwerin. Hagenbach. t. France, on the Rhine, 12 m. S. S. E. Landau. Pop. 900. Hagenburg, t. in Lippe-Schauenburg, 15 m. W. Hanover, 46 S. S. E. Bremen. Hogrtman, t. France, in Landes, 7 m. W. St. Se- ver, 5 S. E. Tartas. Pop. 2,350. Haggcin, a mountain of th^ Swiss carton ' Schweitz, remarkable for its triple U> ;> avu .JsjhV ful aspect. Haggcnas, t. Sweden, in Jemptland, 17 m. E. Ostersund. 30S H A I Hagley, a parish, Eng. in Worcestershire, 17$ m. N. Worcester. Pop. 610. Hague, a large and beautiful town of Nether- lands, in S. Holland, 10 m. S. S. VV. Leyden, 30 S. W. Amsterdam, and nearly 3 from the sea coast. It is an open town, being surrounded only by a moot with draw bridges. It stands in a dry soil, somewhat higher than the surrounding country. The principal streets are wide, straight and hand- some, and it is accounted one of the most elegant towns in EuTope. The environs contain a num- ber of villas ; but their principal ornament is the rural palace, belonging to the Orange family, above a mile north of the town. The Hague be- came, so long ago as 1250, the residence of the governors, or counts, of Holland ; and since that period, it has been, almost without interruption, the seat of Government. It is now, along with Brussels, the alternate residence of the king and legislature. The manufacture of porcelain, and the printing of books, particularly French books, are the only branches of industry entitled to no- tice. The Hague never was a place of trade. Pop. in 1817, 42,000. Lon. 4 18' E. Lat. 52 4' N. Hague, p-t. Warren co. N. Y. on Lake George, 22 m. N. E. Caldwell. Pop. 514. Hague, t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. on the river St. Lawrence, above Ogdensburg. Pop. 817. Haguenau, t. France, in Lower -Rhine, on the Motter. It is near the frontier, and has been the object of frequent contention between the French and Austrians. Pop. 7,100. 20 m. N. Strasburg. Lon. 7 48' E. Lat. 48 48' N. Haha, a bay on the S. coast of Labrador. Lon. 59 10 VV. Lat. 51 N. Hahar, or H a ir, district of Africa, in the part of Sahara immediately bordering upon Tuat, or Twat The principal town is called Hair, or Terga. Hnidinzsfeld, t. Bavaria, 3 m. S. E. Wurzburg. Pop. 2,000. Haiduken-Stadte, i. e. Heyduke Towna, a district of Hungary, in the county of Szaboles, about 320 square miles in extent. The Heydukes enjoy con- siderable privileges, on condition that they rise in arms on the first summons, when the country is in- ^aded. Pop. 25,000. Haifa. See Caifa. Haigerloch, t. in the S. W. of Germany, in the principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, on the Eyach. Pop. 1,400. 36 m. S. S. W. Stutgard. Haigh, t. Eng. in Lancashire, the seat of exten- sive iron-works. Pop. 1,118 ; 2m. fr. Wigan. Hailsham, t. Eng. in Sussex, 57 m. S. by E. Lon- don. Pop. 1,029. Hailu-eston, v. Eng. in Huntingdon co. H'limburg, t. Austria, on the Danube, with manufactures of woollens. Pop. 2,700. 9 m. W. Presburg, 23 E. S. E. Vienna. Haiti, t. Hesse-Darmstadt, on the Maine, 6 m. above Frankfort. Hain, t. Germany, in Saxe-Gotha, 5 m. VV. N. W. Gotha. Haina, v. Bavarian circle of the Rhine, 7 m. S. E. Landau. Haina, r. St. Domingo, which runs north, and falls into Haina bay, 12 m. W. of the city of St. Domingo. Hainan, isl. off the coast of China, separated from the mainland by a channel 8 miles wide. It is of an oval form 150 miles long and 75 broad. Lat. 18to20N. HAL Jlainau, t. Silesia, 50 m. W. by N. Breslaw. Pop. 2,000. . Huinuult, province, Netherlands, inclosed by the French frontier, Flanders, South Brabant and Namur. Extent, 1,700 sq. miles. It is in general level, with beautiful undulating plains, and a fruitful soil. It produces coal in large quantities. The chief towns are Tournay, Mons and Charle- roi. In former ages it was called the county of Hainault, and, in its most extensive sense, com- prised a considerable part of what is now the French departments of the North and of the Ar- dennes ; a country which is still sometimes called French Hainault. Pop. 473,000. Hamburg. See Haimburg. Haine, r. Netherlands, in Hainault, _which falls into the Scheldt at Conde. It is navigable by means of sluices from Mons to Conde. Hainersdorf, t. Silesia, in Neisse, 5 m. N. W. Weydenau. Hainfidd, t. Austria, 23 m. S. W. Vienna. Haingen, v. Wirtemberg, 24 m. W. S.W. Ulm. Hainsbach, v. Bohemia, 12 m. N. Kamnitz. Hainstaal, t. Austria, 4 m. S. E. Laab. Hajos, t. Hungary, 74 m. S. of Pest. Lon. 19 7' E. Lat. 46 24' N. Haiterbach, t. Wirtemberg. Pop. 1,500. 30 m. S. S. W. Stutgard. Hawaii, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, on the sea- coast, opposite the island of Musconisi, beyond which is Mytilene. It is the seat of a college which has 4 professors and 300 students. Pop. 20,000, all Greeks. 75 m. from Smyrna. Hajygunge, t. Bengal, district of Dacca, on the S. bank of the Ganges. Lon. 89 53' E. Lat. 23 31' N. Hajykankachokey, t. on the W. bank of the In- dus, inhabited both by Afghans and Hindoos. Lon. 70 5' E. Lat. 29 30' N. Hajypoor, district, Hind, in Bahar, on the E. side of the Ganges, between 25 and 26 N. lat. Hajypoor, the capital, is on the Ganges, at its con- fluence with the Gunduck. Lon. 85 21' E. Lat. 25 41' N. Hajypore, t. Hind, in Lahore, belonging to the Seiks. Lon. 74 51' E. Lat. 31 26' N. There are several other towns of the same name through- out India. Haldubary, t. Bengal, on the E. side of the Ma- hanuddy river. Lon. 87 59' E. Lat. 26 20' N. Hakdsdorf,t. Bohemia, 18 m. N. N.E. Gitschin. Haking, t. Austria, 6 m. W. Vienna. Haldofen, t. Bohemia, 5 m. N. W. Budweis. Hala Holun, t. Chinese Tartary. Lon. 124 19' E. Lat. 42 35' N. Halass, t. Hungary, in Little Rumania, on a lake, 26 m. E. S. E. Kalvesa. Pop. 8,700. Hfilbau, t. Prussian states, in Silesia, 40 m. N. E. Dresden. llnlfjcrsladl, a principality of the Prussian states, formerly an independent bishopric, now part of the government of Magdeburg. Extent, 580 sq. miles. Pop. nearly 100,000. It is fertile in corn and flax. The inhabitants are chiefly Lutherans. llnlhf.rstadt, city, Prussian states, cap. of the above principality, on the liolzcmme. The Cath- olics have three churches, and two monasteries ; the Lutherans five churches ; 28 m. S. W. Mag* deburg, 62 S. E. Hanover. Lon. 11 4' E. Lat. 5154'N. Pop. 13,000. Halborn Head, cape, Scotland, in Caithness, on the W. side of Thurso bay. HAL Halczin, t. European Russia, in Podolia, 23 m. E. S. E. Braclaw. Haldensleben, t. Prussian states, in the dutchy of Magdeburg ; 14 m. N. Magdeburg. Pop. 3,200. Haldenstein, v. Swiss canton of the Grisons, on the Rhine ; lj m. W. Coire. Haldenwang, v. Bavaria, 54 m. S. S. W. Augs- burg. Pop. 1,700. Haldimand, co. Niagara district, Upper Can- ada. Haldimand, t. Northumberland co. Upper Can- ada, on Lake Ontario. Hale, r. Holstein, which runs into the Eider, 10 m. S. W. Rensburg. Hate's Key, isl. in the gulf of Mexico, near the coast of Florida. Lon. 82 5' W. Lat. 28 4' N. Hakn, t. Netherlands, 20 m. E. N. E. Louvain. Haieness, cape on the E. coast of Shetland. Lon. 1 20' W. Lat. 60 2' N. Haknne, v. French Flanders, 10m. S. W. Lille. Halt's creek, or Pine creek, Ohio, runs into the Ohio, llm. above Portsmouth. Halesowen, t. Eng. in Salop! Pop. 6,888. 7 m. S. W. Birmingham. Lon. 2 2' W. Lat. 52 27' N. Halesworth, t. Eng. in Suffolk, on the Blyth, and having a canal to Southwold, by which barges pass regularly with corn, &c. for the London market. Pop. 1,810. 101 m. N. E. London, 32 N. N. E. Ipswich. Lon. 1 30' E. Lat. 52 20' N. Halela, t. Farsistan, in Persia, on the coast of the Persian gulf. 10 m. S. S. E. Bushire. Haley's bridge, p-v. Southampton co. Va. Haleysburg, p-v. Lunenburgco. Va. Half Grunie Island, one of the Shetland islands in the North sea, 2 m. S. Unst. Half-Hyde Bay, on the W. coast of the island f Antigua, 2 m. S. Reed point. Halfmoon, N. Y. now divided into two towns, Waterford and Orange. Pop. 4,024. Halfmoon, p-t. Centre co. Pa. 15 m. fr. Belle- fonte. Pop. 713. Half-Moon Bay, a bay on the W. coast of Ja- maica, 2 m. N. Orange bay. Half-Moon Bay, on the N. coast of St. Christo- pher, 2 m. S. E. Ragged point. Half-Moon Key, isl. near the south coast of Ja- maica, 3 m. E. N. E. of Portland point. Half-Moon Key, isl. in the bay of Honduras. Lon. 89 W.Lat. 17 10' N. Half-Moon Key, isl. in the bay of Honduras. Lon. 86 20' W. Lat 16 30' N. Halfwayhouse, p-v. York co. Va. Half-way-island, in Torres strait, a mile in cir- cumference. Lon. 143 18' E. Lat. 10 8' S. Halgaver Moor, a moor of England, in Corn- wall, near Bodmin. Halibut Head, a mountain, which forms the S. extremity of the peninsula of Alaska, on the W. coast of N. America. Lon. 197 E. Lat. 54 27' N. Halibut Island, in the N. Pacific ocean, about 40 m. from the S. shore of the peninsula of Alaska. Halifax, a thriving market town and parish, Eng. in Yorkshire, long noted for its woollen man- ufactures. It is near a branch of the Calder, in the midst of numerous waters, peculiarly adapted for mills and machinery, and communicating by ca- nals with Manchester, Liverpool, Lancaster, and Hull. A continued range of thriving villages and country seats spreads itself over the whole parish, one of the largest in the kingdom, being 20 miles long by 17 wide. The chief manufactures are HAL 309 shalloons, tammies, duroys, everlastings, caliman- coes, moreens, shags, serges, baize, narrow and broad cloth, coatings, and carpets. For the con- venience of trade, a cloth or piece hall has been erected in the town; it is a large and elegant building of freestone, and has 315 separate rooms for the reception of goods. Pop. of the parish in 1811,73,515; of the town, nearly 1 1.000 ; 197m. N. W. London, 18 S. W. Leeds, and 40 S. W. York. Lon. 1 55' W. Lat. 53 44' N. Halifax Bay, a bay on the N. E. coast of New- Holland. Lat. 18 49' S. Halifax, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, 45 m. S. E. Three Rivers. Halifax, the capital of Nova- Scotia, is in Hali- fax co. on a spacious bay or harbour called Che- buctoo, which is open at all seasons of the year, is of a bold and easy entrance, and will admit 1,000 of the largest ships to ride in safety. The entrance is completely defended by Fort George. The town stands on the W. side of the harbour. A province house has been lately erected 140 feet by 60, three stories high, with a spacious yard en- closed by an iron railing. In 1819, the navy establishment was removed to Bermudas. 40 miles S. W. Truro, 84 E. Annapolis on the bay of Fundy. Lon. 63 35' W. Lat. 44 44' N. Pop. 15,000. Halifax, p-t. Windham co, Vt. 50 m. S. Wind- sor. Pop. 1,567. Halifax, p-t. Plymouth co. Mass. 13 m. N. W. Plymouth, 35 S. E. Boston. Pop. 749. Halifax, p-t. Dauphin co. Pa. on the E. side of the Susquehannah, 13 m. N. Harrisburg. Pop. 1,365. Halifax, co. Va. bordering on North Carolina. Pop. 10,060. Slaves 9,882. Engaged in agricul- ture 6,015, in commerce 75, in manufactures 475. At the court-house is a post-office. Halifax, co. N. C. inclosed by the counties of Northampton, Edgecomb, Bertie, and Warren. Pop. 17,237. Slaves 9,450. Engaged in agricul- ture 4,350, in commerce 30, in manufactures 21 . Halifax, p-t. and cap. Halifax co. N. C. is pleas- antly situated on the W. bank of the Roanoke, 7 m. below the Great Falls, and 70 by land from the mouth of the river ; 36m. N. Tarborough, 75 S. by W. Petersburg. Lat. 36 13' N. It is regularly laid out, and contains a court-house and jail. The river is navigable to this place for vessels of con- siderable burthen. A regular trading schooner, of 45 tons, plies constantly between Halifax and Norfolk. A canal is now in progress around the falls of the Roanoke, which will open the naviga- tion for batteaux, for more than 130 miles above the town. Halifax, r. Florida, which flows S. about 30 miles and empties itself into Musquito inlet. Haling, isl. English channel, near Portsmouth, Hants. Lon. 0" 57' W. Lat. 50 48' N. Halkirk, parish, Scotland, in Caithness. Pop. 2,532. Hall, or Suabian Hall, fortified t. Wirtemberg, on the Kocher. It has two suburbs, and 5,500 in- habitants, chiefly Lutherans, who derive their support from the brine springs, which produce an- nually from 70,000 to 80,000 cwt. ol salt, 30 m. N. E. Stutgard. Lon. 9 50' E. Lat. 49 6' N. Hall, t. Sweden, 23 m. N. E. Stockholm. Hall, co. Georgia. Pop. 5,086. Slaves 399. Engaged in agriculture 1,384, in commerce 7, in manufactures 50. 310 HAL Halfs Key, isl. in the bay of Honduras. Lon. 89* 10' W. Lat. 16 10' N. Halladale, r. Scotland, in Sutherland co. which falls into the Pentland friths or 6m. S. E. Strathy head. Hallam, Upper and JVeMer, two towns, Eng. in Yorkshire, about 3 m. troty Sheffield. Hallam, t. York co. Pa. Pop. in 1810, 1,410. Holland, or Halmstad, province in the S. W. of Sweden, bordering on the Cattegat. Extent 1,463 sq. miles. Pop. 73,000. Hallaton, t Eng. 15 m. S. E. Leicester. Lon. 0' 49' W. Lat. 52 34' N. Halle, t. Piussian states, in Saxony, on the Saale. The university of Halle has a high litera- ry reputation. Connected with it are the botan- ical garden, the theological and philological semi- naries, the schools of midwifery, the medical and surgical clinical institute, the anatomical theatre, the observatory, the society of natural history, &c. In the suburb of Glaucha is the orphan hospital, and Canstein's establishment for printing the scriptures, erected in 1712, which is said to have produced since that time nearly one million of new testaments, and two millions of bibles. The Lutherans have here seven parish churches, and the Jews a synagogue. The manufactures are woollens, stockings, silk, leather, buttons, hard- ware, &c. ; but the principal is that of starch. In the vicinity are salt springs, which yield about 16,000 tons of salt annually. 22 m S. W. Dessau, 56 S. by E. Magdeburg. Lon. 1 1 58' E. Lat. 51 29' N. Pop. including the suburbs, 25,000. Halle, or Haux, t. Netherlands, 10 m. S. W. Brussels. Pop. 3,750. Hallein, t. Lower Austria, in the Saltzburg quarter, on the Salze. In the vicinity are salt mines, which yield annually from 13,000 to 15,000 tons, worth about 120,000/. sterling. The salt is found in masses in the interior of a mountain call- ed Durnberg, about 4 miles from the town. Pop. 4,600. Hallein is 9 m. S. E. of Saltzburg. Halliar, district, Hind, in Gujerat, extending along the S. E. side of the gulf ofCutch. Hall itn Innthal, t. Tyrol, on the Inn. It has a .convent and mint. Its salt-works produce an- nually above 270,000 cwt. of salt ; 9 m. N. E. Ins- pruck, 48 N. Brixen. Lon. 11 32' E. Lat. 47 17'N. Pop. 4,200. Hallingdal, r. Norway, which runs into the bay of Christiania, near Holmestrand. Halliwtll, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 3 m. N. W. Great Bolton. Pop. 1,822. Halloughton. See Hallaton. Hallowell, t. Prince Edward co. Upper Canada, on Lake Ontario. Hallowell, p-t. Kennebeck co. Me. on Kenne- beck river, at the head of the tide, 2 miles below Augusta, 54 N. E. Portland. Lat. 44 16' N. Pop. 2,919. Within a few years it has increased very rapidly, and is now one of the most wealthy, pop- ulous, and flourishing towns in Maine. The prin- cipal village is on the W. bank of the river, and contains an academy, a bank, 2 meeting-houses, 2 printing oflices, several fine brick stores, and more than 200 dwelling-houses. The surrounding coun- try is fertile, and beef, pork, pot arid pearl ashes, flour, and lumber, are brought hither for exporta- tion. The river is navigable to this place for ves- sels of 150 tons. Hall's river, N. H. a head water of the Connec- ticut. It flows from tho N. W . and its mouth is in lat 45 N. HAM Hallsladti t. Austria, on a lake to which it give- name, 25 m. S. Gemunden. Ha/woe, small icl. in the Baltic, belonging to Denmark, near the N. E. coast of the island of Arroe. Lon. 10 30' E. Halmstad. See Holland. Halmstad, t. Sweden, cap. of Halland, on the Cattegat, at the mouth of the Nissa. Pop. 1,350. 96 m. VV. N. W. Carlscrona. Lon. 12 37' E. Lat. 56 39' 45" N. Hallsall, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 4 m. N. W. Ormskirk. Halstead, t. Eng. in Essex. Pop. 3,280. 46 m. N. E. London. Haltern, t. Prussian Westphalia, 20 m. S. W. Munster. Lon. 7 17' E. Lat. 51 45' N. Halton, or Haullon, t. Eng. in Cheshire, 13 m. N. E. Chester. Pop. 894. Haltwhistle, t. Eng. in Northumberland, 37 m. W. Newcastle. Lon. 2 28' W. Lat. 54 58' N. Ham, a hamlet, Eng. in Surrey, on the Thames. 11 m. S. London. Pop. 781. Ham, East, v. Eng. in Essex, 7 m. E. London. Ham, West, v.Eng. in Essex, on the river Lea ; 5i m. E. N. E. Stratford. Pop. 8,136. Ham, t. France, dep. of Somnie, on the Som- me, 42 m. S. E. Amiens. Pop. 1,746. Ham, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada,'50 m. S. E. Three-Rivers. Ham-blujf, cape, at the W. extremity of Santa Cruz, m the West Indies. Lon. 63 34' W. Lat. 17"51'N. Hamadan, or Amadan, a city of Irak, in Persia, supposed to be near the site of the ancient Ecbata- na. It is a mart of commerce between Ispahan and Bagdad. Lon. 4 8' E. Lat. 34 53' N. Pop. about 40,000. Hamah, t. Syria, on the Orontes, generally sup- posed to be the ancient Apamea ; 62 m. S. W. Aleppo. Lon. 37 10' E. Lat. 34 45' N. Hamamet, t. on the coast of Tunis, 30 m. S. Tu- nis. Lon. 10 38' E. Lat. 36 13 ; N. Hamar. See Hammer. Hambach, t. Bavarian circle of the Rhine, 5 m. N. E. Landau, 16 S. W. Manheim. Pop. 1,050. Hambato. See Ambato. Hambic, or Hambyc, t. France, in La Manche, 9 m. S. E. Coutances. Pop. 3,550. Hamble, t. Eng. in Hants, 5 m. S. E. South- ampton. Hambledon, t. Eng. in Hampshire, 64 m. S. W. London, 13 E. Southampton. Hambre, t. France, in Mayenne, 10 m. S. E. Mayenne. Hamburg, p-t. Erie co. N. Y. on lake Erie, S. of Buffalo. Pop. 2,034. Hamburg, p-t. Sussex co. N. J. 18 m. from Go- shen, N. Y. 20 fr. Newton. Hamhurg, p-t. Berks co. Pa. on the E. side of the Sehuylkill, 18 m. N. by W. Reading, 70 N. N. W. Philadelphia. Hamburg, t. Abbeville district, S. C. on Savan- nah river, opposite Augusta. The first buildings were commenced in June 1821, and in 1822 there were erected 200 dwelling houses and stores. One steam-boat already runs between this place and Charleston, and others are now building. Ham- burg was erected for the purpose of diverting the trade of this part of the State, and also of the up- per parts of Georgia, from Savannah to Charles- ton. Hamburg, p-t. Stark co. Ohio, 10 m. S. E. Can- ton. HAM Hamburgh, a fi-ee city, and the greatest com- mercial town in Germany, is on the N. bank of the Elbe, 78 m. from its mouth, at the juntion of the Alster, which comes in from the north. The streets are narrow, crowded, and irregular, and the houses awkward and old fashioned. They are in general of great height, and built of brick and wood. There are, however, exceptions, particu- larly in the quarter called the New Town, many of the houses being neatly built, and some streets elegant. Hamburgh covers a large extent of ground, but nearly a third of the space included by the walls is occupied by canals, piers, and the basin formed by the Alster. Formerly, brewing was the chief employment here. The refining of sugar employed, in the beginning of this century, more than 300 houses, and is still considerable. Tho printing of cotton, linen, and handkerchiefs, gives occupation to many hundred workmen. The dye-works and the machinery for twisting tobac- co are also of considerable extent. But since 1793, Hamburgh has been gradually exchanging its manufacturing for a mercantile character. It is admirably situated for trade, possessing an ex- tensive water communication with the interior by the Elbe, which is navigable throughout all Sax- ony, even to Bohemia. The Alster, though far inferior in size, carries boats, with the aid of a ca- nal, all the way to Lubeck on the Baltic. Ac- cordingly, Hamburgh has long been a commercial place of the first importance, particularly during wars among the maritime powers. The vessels which arrive at this port from different countries in the course of a year are about 2,000, more than one-third of which are from Great Britain. The established religion is the Lutheran, but complete toleration prevails. Here are many patriotic and charitable institutions ; and no Protestant city of its size contains a greater number of hospitals. The revenue of the orphan-house is estimated at 6,000 sterling. The town library contains 100,000 volumes, but is deficient in late publica- tions. The city revenue is more than 150,000. The territory of Hamburgh embraces about 133 square miles. It consists of a small district lying around the city, of the town and bailiwick of Cux- haven at the mouth of the Elbe, and of some vil- lages scattered in the dutchy of Holstein. Ham- burgh is connected with Frankfort, Lubeck, and Bremen, in some commercial regulations ; and they still retain the old name of Hanse-towns. The Congress of Vienna gave Hamburgh a vote in the Germanic diet, in conjunction with Frankfort, Lubeck, and Bremen. It stands 39 m. S. S. W. Lubeck, 84 N. Hanover, 448 N. E. London. Lon. 9 58' 35" E. Lat. 53 32' 51" N. Pop. 107,000, or, including the territory, 129,800. Hamden. See Hampden. Hamden, t. New-Haven co. Ct. 5i m. N. New- Haven. Pop. 1,687. In this town, 2 miles from the city of New-Haven, is the extensive gun-man- ufactory, called Whitney's factory. Hameln, t. and fortress, in the S. W. of Hano- ver, at the confluence of the Weser and the Ha- mel. It carries on an active traffic in manufac- tures of tobacco, hats, and woollens. 22 m. S. E. Minden, 25 S. W. Hanover. Pop.5,000. Hami, country, of Mongolia, in central Asia, in the heart of the desert of Cobi, now subject to China. It contains only one city and a few vil- lages. Hamilton, cape ou the N. end of the island of Newfoundland. HAM 3] I Hamilton, t. Scotland, in Lanark co. on the banks of the Clyde and Avon, near their confluence, and in the midst of a level, fertile, and highly culti- vated country. Near the town is a magnificent palace of the duke of Hamilton. 11 m. S. E. Glasgow, 38 W. by S. Edinburgh, 14 W. Lanark. Pop. 5,453. Hamilton, t. Gaspe co. Lower Canada, on Cha- leur bay. Hamilton, t. Northumberland co. Up. Canada, extending from lake Ontario to Rice lake. Hamilton, p-t. Essex co. Mass. 8 m. N. E. Sa- lem,^ N. E. Boston. Pop. 802. Hamilton, co. N. Y. inclosed by the counties of St. Lawrence, Franklin, Essex, Washington, Sar- atoga, Montgomery, and Herkimer. Pop. 1,251. Engaged in agriculture 229, in manufacture 15. Hamilton, p-t. Madison co, N. Y. 25 m. S. W. Utica, 110 W. Albany. Pop. 2,681. It contains 2 churches. The village is handsomely built on the main branch of Chenango river. Hamilton, v. in Olean, Cataraugus co. N. Y. at the head of navigation on the Alleghany, where it receives Olean creek. It is eligibly situated for trade, and is an important thoroughfare in the intercourse between the Atlantic and the West- ern states. 65 m. S. Buffalo, 291 from Philadel- phia, 294 W. Newburg, 260 N. E. Pittsburg by water. Hamilton. See Waddington. Hamilton, v. in Guilderlandt, Albany co. N.Y. Hamilton College. See Clinton. Hamilton) t. Gloucester co. N. J. Pop. 877. Hamilton, t. Adams co. Pa. Pop. 1,075. Hamilton, t. Franklin co. Pa. Pop. 1,688. Hamilton, t. Philadelphia co. Pa. on the Schuyl- kill, opposite Philadelphia. Hamilton, t. Northampton co. Pa. Pop. 1,320. Hamilton ban, t. Adams co. Pa. Pop. 1,053. Hamilton, p-t. Martin co. N. C. Hamilton co. East Tennessee. Pop. 821. Slaves 39. Engaged in agriculture 177, in com- merce 2. Hamilton, co. the S. W. part of Ohio, on Ohio river. Pop. 31,764. Engaged in agriculture 4,127, in commerce 389, in manufactures 1,548. Chief town, Cincinnati. Hamilton, p-t. and cap. Butler co. Ohio, on Miami river, 25 m. N. Cincinnati, 105 S. W. Co- lumbus. Here is a printing office. Pop. 660. Hamilton, t. Franklin co. Ohio, on the E. side of the Scioto, 7 m. S. Columbus. Pop. 943. Hamillon,t. Warren co. Ohio. Pop. 1,068. Hamilton, a port in the Bermuda islands, and now the seat of government. Hamm, t. Prussian States, in the province of Westphalia, near the confluence of the Asse and the Lippe. Its great article of export is hams. Pop. 3,100. 17 m. S. Munster. Lon. 7 53' E. Lat. 51 40' N. Hammam Leef, t. Africa, where there is a cele- brated hot bath, 14 m. S. Tunis. Hammam Meskouteen, celebrated warm bath?,in Algiers, 45 m. E. Constantina. Hamme, t. Netherlands, in East Flanders, 6 m. N. Dendermonde, 16 E. N. E. Ghent. Pop. 8,370. Hammelburg, t. Bavarian states, on the Saale, 27 m. S. Fuldah, 18 W. Schweinfurt. Pop. 2,300. Hammer, t. Norway, in Aggerhuus, 20 m. N. Christiania. It was once the most flourishing town in Norway, but was destroyed by the Swedes. Hammer Island, small isl. Sweden, in the Baltir, 4 ra. E. Carbcrona. S12 H A M Hammerfest, v. Norway, in Finmark, near the North Cape, in Ion. 24 28' E. and lat. 70 39' N. Hammersleben, t. Prussian states, 17 m. S. W. Magdeburg, 14 E. by N. Halberstadt Lon. 11 30' E. Lat. 52 2' N. Hammersmith, t. Eng. in Middlesex co. on the N. bank of the Thames, 34 m. W. London. Pop. 7,393. Hammer stein, t Prussian province of the Lower Rhine, on the Rhine, 6 m. N. N. W. Coblentz. Hammond Cape, the W. extremity of Kaye's island in the Pacific, Lon. 215 E. Lat. 59 48' N. Hamnskar, 2 small islands in the gulf of Both- nia, one on the E. side, in Ion. 23 39' E. lat. 63 54' N. ; the other on the W. side, in Ion. 20 E. lat 63 25' N. Hamoaze, the west division of Plymouth Sound, in Eng. at the mouth of the Tamare. It forms the harbor of the navy. Hamont or Helmont, t. Netherlands, 42 m. N. Liege. Lon. 5 40' E. Lat. 51 15' N. Hampden, p-t. Penobscot co. Maine, on the W. side of Penobscot river, 10m. S. S. W. Bangor, 28 N. W. Castine. Pop. 1,478. The Theological Seminary which was established in this town, is now removed to Bangor. Hampden, co. Mass, on both sides of Connecti- cut river, inclosed by the counties of Berkshire, Hampshire, and Worcester, and the state of Con- necticut. Pop. 28,021. Engaged in agriculture 5,685, in commerce 60, in manufactures 1,430. Chief town, Springfield. Hampden Sidney college. See Prince Edward county, Va, Hampden, t. Geauga co. Ohio. Pop. 296. Hampshire, Hants, or Southampton, one of the southern counties of England, on the English chan- nel, including also the Isle of Wight, and in some points of jurisdiction the islands of Jersey and Guernsey; bounded S. by the English channel, N. by Berkshire, E. by Surrey and Sussex, and W. by Wiltshire and Dorsetshire. About one half of the land is devoted to pasturage, one fourth is arable, and the remainder is occupied with extensive for- ests of oak, and large tracts of waste and open heath, especially en the borders of Dorsetshire. Pop. in 1811, 245,080 ; of whom 21,400 families were em- ployed in agriculture, and 18,024 in trade and man- ufactures. Hampshire, co. in Quebec district, Lower Can- ada, on the N. side of the St. Lawrence. Hampshire, co. Mass, on both sides of Connect- icut river, and inclosed by Franklin, Worcester, Hampden, and Berkshire counties. Pop. 26,487. Engaged in agriculture 5,768, in commerce 196, in manufactures 1,103. Chief town, Northampton. Hampshire, co. Va. inclosed by the Potomac, and the counties of Berkley, Frederick, and Har- dy. Pop. 10,889. Slaves 1,609. Engaged in agriculture 2,486, in commercel7, in manufactures 330. Chief town, Romney. Hampstead, v. Eng. in Middlesex, formerly re- sorted to for its mineral spring. Pop. 5,483. 4 in. N. London. Hampstead, t Queen's co. New Brunswick, on the W. side of St. John river. Hampstead, p-t. Rockingham co. N. II. 24 m. S. W. Portsmouth. Pop. 751. Hampstead, p-t. Rockland co. N. Y. 15 m. N.W. New- York. Pop. 2,072. It contains 2 churches, 1 for Dutch Reformed, and 1 for Presbyterians. HAN The extensive iron works called Ramapoo Works, are in this town. Hampsttad, p-v. King George co. Va. Hampton, v. Eng. on the Thames, in Middlesex, near which, among other elegant mansions, is the magnificent palace of Hampton Court. 14 m. W. London. Pop. 1,984. Hampton, Little, s-p. Eng. in Sussex, at the mouth of the A von. Pop. 882. Hampton, p-t. Rockingham co. N. H. on the sea coast, 18 m. S. W. Portsmouth. Pop. 1,098. It contains 2 meeting-houses, and an academy. Hampton, t.Windham c5" N. Hanse Towns, the name of a well known asso- ciation of cities of Germany, and other countries, for the protection of trade, which subsisted from the 13th to the 17th centuries. In the height oi the association, the Hanseatic league consisted of 64 commercial towns, and was capable of carry- ing on naval operations on a large scale. Lubeck, Hamburgh, and Bremen still retain the name of Hanse towns, and maintain a kind of commercial treaty with each other. Hanslop, t. Eng. in Buckinghamshire, 4 m. N. W. Newport-Fagnel. Hanson, t. Plymouth co. Mass. Pop. 917. Hanson Point, the S. cape at the entrance into Gray's harbour. Lon. 236 7' E. Lat. 46 58' N. Hansy, t. Hind, in Delhi. Lon. 76 10' E..Lat. 28 46' N. Hants. See Hampshire. Hants, co. Nova-Scotia, which contains the townships of Windsor, Falmouth, and Newport. Hanxlet, small isl. in the gulf of Bothnia. Lon. 2J30'E. Lat. 63 19' N. Hapae, or Habei, a cluster of islets among the Friendly islands. Lon. 185 36' E. Lat. 19 39' S. Hapsal or Gapsal, t. Russia, in Esthorio, on th<- Baltic, 60 m. S. Revel. Hapsal, s-p. Livonia, on the Baltic, 5 m. S. VV . Revel. Hapsburg. See Habsburg. Haram, isl. in the Red Sea. Lat. 22 18' N. Haramfoe, a small island near the coast of Nor- way. Lat. 62 36' N. llaratch, (anciently Savus,} r. N. Africa, which fall? into the sea 6 m. S. E. Algiers. Harbach, r. Transylvania, which joins the Za- bein near Hermanstadt. Harbach, r. Wirlemburg, which falls into the Mhur, 1 m. N. W. Muhrhard. Harbonnieres, t. France on the Somme, 15 m. E. Amiens, 11 S. W. Peronne. Harborough, or Market Harborough, t Eng. in Leicester co. on the Welland. It has a considera- ble manufacture of tammies, lustrings, &c. 83 m. N. W. London, 15 S. E. Leicester. Lon. 0* 55' VV. Lat. 52 29" N. Pop. 1,704. Harbour, Cape,the N. extremity of Wells' bay, on the coast of Maine. Lon. 70 24' W. Lat. 43 18' N. Harbour creek, t. Erie co. Pa. Pop. 555. Harbour de Lute, harbor in Campo bello island. New Brunswick, opening into Passamaquoddy bay. Harbour Island, one of the smaller Bahama isl- ands, N. of Eleuthera. Lon. 76 44' W. Lat. 25 56' N. Harbourg, small isl. in the English channel, H A R near the coast of France. Lon. 1 59' W. Lat. 48 39' N. Harburv. t. Hanover, in the dutchy of Lime- burg, on "the Elbe, opposite Hamburgh. Pop. 3,650. 7 m. S. Hamburgh, 22 N. W. Luneburg. Lon. 9 56' E. Lat. 53 28' N. Harcourl, t. France, in Calvados, 10 m. N. W. Falaise, 12 S. Caen. Hardangerfiord, arm of the sea, on the W. coast of Norway, between 59 28' and 60 25' N. lat. Harde, t. Austria, on the Theya, 50 m. N. N. W. Vienna. Lon. 15 42' E. Lat. 48 43' N. Harden, co. Ken. on the Ohio, adjoining Knox co. Pop. 10,498. Slaves 1,466. Engaged in ag- riculture 2,673, in commerce 53, in manufactures 62. Chief town, Elizabethtown. Hardenburg, t. Netherlands, in Overyssel, on the Vecht, 10 m. S. W. Coevorden. Pop. 2,600, Hardenburg, t. Prussian Westphalia, in Berg, 14 m. E. N. E. Dusseldorf. Hardenburg, p-t. and cap. Breckenridge co. Ky. Hardenburg milts, p-v. Delaware co. N. Y. Hardens core, p-v. Randolph co. Va. Harderwyck, t. Netherlands, in Gelderland, on the Zuyder Zee, 28 m. N. W. Arnheim, 40 E. Amsterdam. Lon. 5 34' E. Lat. 52 22' N. Pop. 3,750. Hardheim, t. Baden, on the Erf, 9 m. W. Bisch- ofisheim, 10 S. S. E. Miltenberg. Hardin, co. West Tennessee. Pop. 1,462. Slaves 136. Engaged in agriculture 155, in commerce 1, in manufactures 8. Hardin, co. Ohio, formed in 1820, in the Indian reservation, bounded N. by Hancock co. E. by Marion co. S. by Logan and Union cos. VV. by Al- len co. Sq. miles 570. Pop. 22. Hardin, t. Shelby co. Ohio. Hardiston, t. Sussex co. N. J. Pop. 2, 160. Hardwick, p-t. Caledonia co. Vt. 21 m. N. E. Montpelier. Pop. 867. Hardwick, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 22 m. N. W. Worcester, 70 W. Boston. Pop. 1,836. Hardwick, t. Sussex co. N. J. on the Delaware, 10 m. S. W. Newton. Pop. 3,360. Hardwick, small t. Brian co. Geo. at the mouth of the Ogechee, 18 m. S. by W. Savannah. Hardwicke Bay, large bay, on the S. coast of New Holland. Lon. 137 21' E. Lat. 34 28i' S. Hardwick'' s Island, isl. in Johnstone's strait, on the N. W. coast of America. Lon. 134 15' E. Lat. 50 26' N. Hardy, co. Va. bordering on Maryland. Pop. 5,700. 'Slaves 9 14. Engaged in agriculture 1,273, in manufactures 98. Chief town, Moorfields. Hardy, t Coshocton co. Ohio. Pop. 512. Hare Bay, bay on the E. coast of Newfoundland. Lon. 55 40' W. Lat. 51 20' N. Hare Island, isl. Lower Canada, in the river St. Lawrence, 16 m. above the confluence of Sague- naw river, 103 below Quebec. Harewood, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, on the river Wharf, 8m. N.Leeds. Harfleur, t. France, in Lower Seine, on the Le- zarda, a small river which runs into the Seine near this place. It is frequently mentioned in his- tory. 5 m. E. Havre, 49 W. Rouen. Lon. 12' 14'' E. Lat. 49 30' 23" N. Pop. 1,800. Harford, p-t. Susquehannah co. Pa. Pop. 642. Harford, co. Md. bounded N. by Pennsylvania, .. by the Susquehannah, S. E. by Chesapeake bay, and W. by Baltimore co. Pop. 15,924. H A R 315 Slaves 3,320. Engaged in agriculture 1,782, in commerce 50, in manufactures 393. Chief town, Bellair. Harford, p-t. Harford co. Md. on Bush river, at the head of tide water, 9 m. S. E. Bellair, 25 N. E. Baltimore. Harg, s-p. Sweden, 35 m. N. E. Upsal. Hargia, s-p. Arabia, in Hadramaut, 60 m. E. N. E. Aden. Harjedalen. See Herjedalen. Hariharra, in the maps Hurryhur, t. and for- tress, India, in Bejapore, on the S. E. bank of Toombudda river. It now belongs to the British. Lon. 75 48' E. Lat. 14 24' N. Harlan, co. Ken. Pop. 1,961. Slaves 108. Engaged in agriculture 492, in manufactures 1. Harlech, t. Wales, in Merioneth co. on the W. coast, in the bay of Cardigan. Pop. 500. 230 m. fr. London, 24 S. Caernarvon. Lon. 4 5' W. Lat. 52 52' N. Harleesville, p-v. Marion co. S. C. Harlem, p-t. Kennebec co. Maine, 16 m. N. E. Augusta. Pop. 862. Harlem, or Harlaem. See New York city. Harlem creek. See East river. Harlem, t. Delaware co. Ohio, on Big Walnut creek, E. of Delaware. Pop. 213. Harlem Isle, isl. off the N. W. coast of Ceylon. Lon. 79 54' E. Lat. 9 41' N. Harles on, t. Eng. in Norfolk, on the Waveney, 17 m. S. Norwich. Harlingen, t. Netherlands, in Friesland, on the Zuyder Zee. Its harbor is large and well fre- quented. The town is fortified, and naturally strong, the adjacent country being easily laid un- der water. Pop. 7,300. 66 m. N. N. E. Amster- dam. Lon. 5 24 'E. Lat. 53 10 N. Harlinsburg, p-v. Mercer co. Pa. Harlow,i. Eng. in Essex, 24 m. E. London. Harman's creek, r. Va. which runs into the Ohio, 1 m. above Steubenville, (Ohio.) Harmony, p-t. Somerset co. Maine, 25 m. E. Norriclgewock. Pop. 584. Harmony, t. Chatauque co. N. Y. Pop. 845. Harmony, p-v. Sussex co. N. J. Harmony, p-t. Butler co. Pa. on Conaquenesin^ creek. Pop. 217. It was settled by a religious sect from Germany, called Harmonists, who have now removed to Indiana, 25 m. N. W. Pittsburg, See Harmony, (Indiana.) Harmony, t. Susquehaunah co. Pa. Pop. 173. Harmony, p-v. York co. S. C. Harmony, t. Clark co. Ohio. Pop. 1,412. Harmony, t. Delaware co. Ohio. Pop. 133. Harmony, p-t. and cap. Posey co. Indiana, ou the W abash. It is settled by a religious sect from Germany, called Harmonists, who first settled in the western part of Pennsylvania. They have an extensive woollen manufactory, and several mills, and also cultivate the vine ; and are distinguished for temperance, industry, and skill in their em- ployments. Pop. 800. Harmony, Arkansas Territory, a missionary sta- tion among the Osage Indians, formed 1821 by the United Foreign Mission Society. It is situated on the Marias de Cein, a good mill stream, 6 m. above its junction with Osage river. The tract of land given by the Indians for the use of the Mission contains about 15,000 acres, very fertile and well supplied with timber and stone for build- ing. Good coal is found within a few rods of 316 H A R the settlement. In 1822, the school contained 16 Osage children ; dwelling houses and a grist mill and saw mill were erected. 15 m. from Great Osage village, 73 from Fort Osage. Hamad, r. Hungary, which joins the Theysse, 11 m. S.W.Tokay. Haro, t. Spain, in Burgos, near the Ebro, 32 m. N. E. Burgos. Lon. 2 38' W. Lat. 42 28' N. Pop. 3,500. Haroe, small isl. near the coast of Norway. Lat. 62 52' N. Haromssek, province of Transylvania, adjoining European Turkey, from which it is separated by the Carpathian mountains. Haroicly, t. Hind, in Delhi, on the Jumna. Lon. 78 6' E. Lat. 2755'N. Harpenden, t. Eng. in Hertfordshire, 4 m. S. St. Alban^s. Harper's ferry, p-v. Jefferson co. Va. on the Potomac, at the mouth of the Shenandoah, 21m. W. S. W. Fredericktown, 24 E. N. E. Winches- ter, 65 N. W. Washington city. The passage of the Potomac through the Blue-Ridge at this place, is celebrated for its grandeur and magnificence. There is here an extensive establishment belong- ing to the United States, for the manufacture of arms. The number of men employed is about 260, and the annual expense has been, on an aver- age, about $100,000. Harpersjield, p-t. Delaware co. N. Y. 20 m. N. E. Delhi, 55 S. W. Albany, 51 fr. Catskill. Pop. 1,884. Harpersjield, p-t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, on Grand river, 10 m. W. Jefferson. Pop. 763. Harpersville, p-v. Broome co. N. Y. Harpeth, p-v. Williamson co. Ten. Harpeth, r. Tennessee, which after a N. N. W. course of about 40 miles, falls into the Cumber- land, 19m. N. W. Nashville. It is navigable for boats to Franklin. Harponully, district, India, between 14 and 16 N. lat. Harpswell, t. Cumberland co. Maine, 40 m. E. Portland. Pop. 1,256. Harptree, East, v. Eng. in Somerset co. noted for mines of lapis calaminaris; 6 m. N. Wells. Harraton, t Eng. in Durham, 8m. N. E. Dur- ham. Harriet Point, cape, on the N. W. coast of America. Lat. 60 24' N. Harrington, s-p. Eng. in Cumberland. The harbor has been recently much improved. Nearly 60 vessels, averaging 100 tons, belong to the port, and are chiefly engaged in exporting lime and coal to Scotland and Ireland. Pop. 1,629. m. S. Workington. Harrington Point, point of land, on .the W. coast of the Duke of York's Island. Lon. 227 36' E. Lat. 56 10' N. Harrington, t. Washington co. Maine, on Nar- raguagus bay, 25 m. W. Machias. Pop. 723. Harrington, t. Bergen co. N. J. Pop. 2,296. Haniorpore, t. Hind, in Orissa, cap. of Mohur- bunge Lon. 86 52' E. Lat. 21 52' N. Harris, peninsula, Scotland in the Hebrides, joined to what is called the island of Lewis by a narrow isthmus. The general aspect is mountain- ous &rid rocky. Extent, 191 sq. miles. Pop. 3,569. Lon. 6 54' W. Lat. 57 57' N. Harris, Sound of, a navigable channel betwfeen the peninsula of Harris and North Uist. H A R Hams Point, the N. point of Port Malmesbvr- ry/on the N. W. coast of America. 'Lat. 56 174' N. Harrisborovgh, t. Richmond co. Geo. on Savan- nah river, a little above Augusta. Harrisburg, p-t. Lewis co. N. Y. 20 m. from Brownville, 65 N. Rome. Pop. 520. Harrisburg, p-t. Dauphin co. Pa. and capital of the State, is regularly laid out on the E. bank of Susquehannah river, over which a bridge is here erected, a mile in length. 97 in. W. N. W. Phil- adelphia, 35 N. W. Lancaster. 184 E. Pittsburg. Lat. 40 16' N. It contains a court-house, jail, 2 houses of public worship for Presbyterians, and 1 for Lutherans, and about 400 dwelling-houses, principally of brick and stone. The state has ap- propriated $120,000 for the erection of a capital, the two wings of which are already built. The space left between the wings is 320 feet. The site of the building is a plat of 10 acres, elevated 28 feet above the plain on which the town stands. Pop. 2,990. Harrisburg, or Cairo, p-v. Lancaster co. S. C. Harrisburg, t. Gallia co. Ohio, on Ohio river, 7 m. S. Gallipolis. Pop. in 1815, 335. Harrison, t. Cumberland co. Maine, 41 m. N. W. Portland. Pop. 789. Harrison, p-t. Courtland co. N. Y. Pop. 807. Harrison, t. Westchester co. N. Y. 30m. N. E. New York. Pop. 994. Harrison, co. Va. inclosed by the counties of Ohio, Monongalia, Randolph, Kenhawa, and Wood. Pop. 10,932. Slaves 569. Engaged in agriculture 2,071, in commerce 6, in manufactures 248. Chief town, Clarksburg. Harrison, co. in the N. E. part of Ken. Pop. 12,278. Slaves 2,137. Engaged in agriculture 2,857, in commerce 22, in manufactures 389. Chief town, Cinthiania. Harrison, co. Ohio, between Jefferson and Tus- carawas counties. Sq. miles 450. Pop. 14,345, Engaged in agriculture 2,487, in commerce 19, in manufactures 557. Chief town, Cadiz. Harrison, t. Champaign co. Ohio. Pop. 332. Harrison, t. Dark co. Ohio. Pop. 607. Harrison, t. Franklin co. Ohio, 10 m. N. E. Co- lumbus. Pop. 426. Harrison, t. Gallia co. Ohio, Pop. 472. Harrison, t. Hamilton co. Ohio, on the borders of Indiana. Harrison, t. Jackson co. Ohio. Pop. 222. Harrison, t. Knox co. Ohio, 15 m. S. E. Mount- vernon. Harrison, t. Licking co. Ohio, Pop. 357. .Harmon, t. Muskingham co. Ohio. Harmon, t. Pickaway co. Ohio, on the Scioto, 9 m. N. Circleville. Pop. 534. Harrison, t. Preble co. Ohio. Pop. 815. Harrison, t. Ross co. Ohio, 10m. E.Chillicothe. Harrison, t. Stark co. Ohio. Pop. 518. Harrison, co. Indiana, on the Ohio. Pop.7,875. Engaged in agriculture 1,531. Chief town, Co- rydon. Harrison, p-t. Harrison co. Indiana. Pop. in 1810, 1,183. Harrison, t. Franklin co. Indiana, on the N. side of White-water river, 8 m. above its mouth, 18 N..E. Brookville, 24 N. \V. Cincinnati. In this town are many interesting mounds of anti- quity. Harrisonburg, or Rockingham, p-t. and cap. Rockingham co. Va. on a branch of the Shenan- H A R oah, 25 m. N. W. Staunton, 52 S. W. Stratsburg. It contains a court-house and jail, and 2 churches, 1 for Episcopalians, and 1 for Methodists. Harrison Cape, cape on the E. coast of New- foundland. Lon. 57 W. Lat. 54 9' N. Harrison" 1 's store, p-v. Brunswick co. Va. Harrison's store, p-v. Franklin co. N. C. Harrisonville, p-t and cap. Monroe co. Illinois, on the Mississippi, opposite Herculancum, 40 m. W. Kaskaskias. Tarrisrille, p-t. Brunswick co. Va. (arrisville, t. Medina co. Ohio. Pop. 231. {arrisr-ille, t. Harrison co.Ohio, 9 m. S.E.Cadiz. farrodsburg, p-t. Mercer co. Ken. on Salt riv- r, 10 m. N. by W. Danville. It contains about 80 houses and a church. Here is a mineral spring, from which epsom salts are obtained, and sold un- der the name of Harrodsburg salts. Harrod's creek, r. Ken. which runs into the Ohio, 10 m. above Louisville. It is 40 yards wide at its mouth a little above which it falls 6 or 7 feet. Harrow-on-the-Hill, v. in Eng. Middlesex, fa- mous for its free school; 10m. N. VV. London. Pop. 1,689. Harrou-gate, v. Eng. in Yorkshire, famous for its mineral springs. It is now one of the principal watering places in the north of England. Pop. 1,583. Sm.N.W.Knaresborough, 211 N.London. Harrowty, district, Hind, in Ajmeer, between 25 and 26 N. lat. and intersected by the river Chumbal. Harsleben, t. Prussian Saxony, on the Bode, 3 m. S. E. Halberstadt. Harso, small isl. in the Baltic, near the coast of Sweden. Lon. 17 16' E. Lat. 58 44' N. Hart, co. Ken. Pop. 4,184 ; slaves 596 ; enga- ged in agriculture 1,235, in commerce 3, in manu- factures 126. Hartberg, t. Styria, 34 m. N. E. Gratz. Lon. 16 4' E. Lat. 47 15' N. Hartenstetn, t. Saxony, 6 m. S. E. Zwickau. Hartford. See Hertford. Hartford, p-t. Oxford co. Maine, 12 m. N. E. Paris. Pop. 1,133. Hartford, p-t. Windsor Co. Vt. on Connecticut river, 14 m. above Windsor. Pop. 2,010. Hartford, co. Ct. on both sides of Connecticut river, inclosed by the State of Massachusetts, and the counties of Tolland, Middlesex, New-Haven, and Litchfield. Pop. 47,264. Engaged in agricul- ture 7,919, in commerce 626, in manufactures 3,315. Chief town, Hartford. Hartford, city, Hartford co. Ct. and one of the capitals of the State, is regularly laid out, on the W. bank of Connecticut river, 50 miles from its mouth, 14 TO. N. Middletown, 34 N. N. E. New- Haven, 42 N.W. New-London, 74 W. Providence, 94 S. E. Albany, 98 W. S. W. Boston, 123 N. E. New-York. It is advantageously situated for trade, being at the head of sloop navigation, and having n extensive, fertile, and thrifty back country. The amount of shipping owned here is about 9,000 tons, and during the year 1816, 278 ships, brigs and schooners, and more than 200 smaller vessels ascended the river to this place. Pop. 6 ,901. The public buildings are a state-house, a state mrsenal, 2 banks, 2 insurance companies, 8 print- ing offices, from 4 of which newspapers are is- led, a museum, an academy, an asylum for the and dumb, and 6 houses for public worship. There are also 8 distilleries, and manufacturing establwhments of various kinds, Aa elegant BAR 317 bridge over the Connecticut, built at an expense of more than $100,000, connects the town with East-Hartford. The American Asylum for the education of the deaf and dumb, established in this city in 1817, is the first institution of the kind in America. It is under the direction of Rev. Thomas H. Gallau- det, who visited the celebrated schools in Europe to qualify himself for the charge. He has 5 as- sistants. The whole number of pupils in 1822, was 110, of whom 38 had left the Asylum atid 72 were present. The Congress of the U. States has made a generous grant to the Asylum of more than 23,000 acres of land ; and the Legislatures of some of the States have made appropriations for the support of pupils. The success of the institu- tion has hitherto been highly gratifying, and the improvement of the pupils has equalled the most sanguine expectations of their friends. Hartford, p-t. Washington co. N. Y. 8 m. N. E. Sandyhill, 54 N. Albany. Pop. 2,493. Hartford, p-t. and cap. Pulaski co. Geo. on the Oakmulgee, 50 m. from Milledgeville. Hartford, p-t. and cap. Ohio co. Ky. Pop. in 1810,110. Hartford, t. Licking co. Ohio. Pop. 285. Hartford, p-t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 8 m.W. War- ren. Pop. 625. Hartford, p-t. Dearborn co. Indiana. Harthe, or Harta, t. Saxony, 22 m. S. E. Leip- sic, 30 W. Dresden. Hartland, fishing town, Eng. in Devonshire, 13 m. W. Bide ford, 217 W. London. Hartland, t. Somerset co. Maine. Pop. 411 . Hartland, p-t. Windsor co. Vt. on Connecticut river, 7 m. above Windsor. Pop. 2,553. Hartland, p-t. Hartford co. Ct. 22 m. N. W, Hartford. Pop. 1,254. Hartland, p-t. Niagara co. N. Y. on Lake Onta- rio, N. E. of Buffalo. Pop. 1,448. Hartland Point, cape, Eng. on the N. W. coast of Devonshire, at the entrance into the Bristol channel ; it forms the S. W. corner of Barnstable bay. Lon. 4 30' W. Lat. 51 1' N. Hartlebury, v. Eng. in Worcestershire, near the junction of the Stour with the Severn, 10 m. N. Worcester. ' Hartlepool, s-p. Eng. in Durham co. near the mouth of the Tees, anciently a fortified town of great strength. The harbour is now choked up, and the old defences in ruins. Pop. 1,047 ; 19 m. E. Durham, 254 N. by W. London. Lon. 1 11' W. Lat. 54 42' N. Hartleton, p-t. Union co. Pa. Pop. 1,239. Hartley, or Hartley Pans, s-p. Eng. in North- umberland co. It owes its prosperity chiefly to the mineral riches of the neighbourhood, and to the excellent harbour of Seaton Sluice, half a mile to the north. The works are principally of coals, salt, copperas and glass. Pop. 1,872. 6 m. N. Shields. Hartleystown, t. Union co. Pa. Pop. 75. Hart '* Store, p-v. Albemarle co. Va. Hartsrille, p-v. Sumner co. Ten. Hartville, or Hollow, p-v. Dutchess co. N. Y. Hartwick, p-t. Otsego co. N. Y. on the Susque- hannah, 5 m. S. W. Cooperstown, 71 W. Albany. Pop. 2,579. In 1816, a Literary and Theological Seminary was established here. Harts, or Hars, a chain of mountains in the in- terior of Germany, lying chiefly in the south of Hanover, 70 miles long and 20 broad ; valuable for its mines and forests. Iron, copper and lead are wrought here to a great extent, also zinc and 318 HAS sulphur, with green, blue and white vitriol. The inhabitants of the Hartz are exempt both from taxes and from military service ; but a tenth of the produce of the mines belongs to government. The iron mines are the most productive; and their annual tenth yields a revenue of about 115,000 sterling. Harvard, p-t Worcester GO. Mass. 20 m. N. E. Worcester. Pop. 1,597. Harvard College. See Cambridge, Mass. Harvey's Isle, isl. of the Pacific. Lon. 158 54' W. Lat. 19 18' S. Harusa Island, isl. on the coast of Norway, be- tween Bergen and Drontheim, N. of Broad sound. Harutshi an extensive range of mountains in North Africa, situated to the east of Fezzan, where it borders on the Lybian desert. Harwich, s-p. Eng. on a peninsula on the Essex coast, at the mouth of the Stour and the Orwell. It is the port from which the packets sail regular- ly in time of peace, -for Holland and Germany ; the seat of a navy yard ; and also a considerable bathing place. The harbour is of great extent ; and forms, united to the bay, a roadstead for the largest ships of war. Upwards of 3,000 tons of shipping, and 500 seamen are employed in the North sea fishery, and a constant traffic is carried on up the rivers to Ipswich and Manningtree. Harwich sends two members to parliament. Pop. in 1811, 3,732; 71 m. N. E. of London. Lon. 1 17' E. La t. 51 57' N. Harwich, t. Kent co. Up. Canada, extending from Lake Erie to the river Thames. Harwich, p-t Barnstable co. Mass. 15 m. E. Barnstable. Pop. 1,980. It extends across the pe- ninsula, which is here 6 miles wide. Harwinton,p-t. Litchfield co. Ct.on Naugatuck river, which separates it from Litchfield, 23 m. W. Hartford. Pop. 1,500. Harwood, t, Eng. in Lancashire, 3 m. W. Bury. Pop. 1,432. Harwood, Great, t Eng. in Lancashire, 4 m. N.' E. Blackburn. Pop. 1,676. Haricood''s Island, small isl. in the gulf of Geor- gia. Lon. 235 46' E. Lat. 49 50' N. Harzegerode, t. Germany, in Anhalt-Bernburg, near the Hartz mountains ; 24 m. S.W. Bernburg, 44 W. S. W. Dessau. Lon. 11 20' E. Lat. 51 40' N. Hase. r. Hanover, in Osnaburg, which falls into the Ems near Meppen. Hasel, r. Saxony, which runs into the Werra at Einhausen. Haseloch, t. Bavarian circle of the Rhine, 14 m. S.W. Manheim, 9 N. N. E. Landau. Haseloe, small isl. Denmark, in the Cattegat, 12 m. N. Zealand. Lon. 11 45' E. Lat. 56 ll'N. Haselune, t. Hanover, on the Hase, 7 m. E. Meppen. Pop. 1,555. Lon. 7 26' E. Lat. 52 40' N. Hasenpoth, t. Eu. Russia, in Courland. Lon. 21 40' E. Lat 56 50' N. Hasle, a large and fertile valley of the Swiss canton of Bern. Pop. about 12,000. The capital is Meyeringen. Haslem, small isl. Denmark, in the Cattegat. Lon. 1 1 51' E. Lat 56 21' N. Hailemere, t. Eng. in Surrey. It is a borough, and sends two members to parliament. Haslingden, t Eng. in Lancashire, on the river Swinnel. Pop. 5,127. 17 m. N. Manchester, 203 N.W. London. Lon. 2 18' W. Lat. 53 42' N. Hasparan, t. France, 13 m. S. E. Bayonne. Hasseiah, t. Syria, 52 m. N. E. Damascus. HAT Hassehe, small isl. Denmark, between LaalanJ and Falster. Lon. 1 1 54' E. Lat. 54 44' N. Hasselt, t. Netherlands, in Liege, on the Demer, 15 m. N. by W. Maestricht. Lon. 5 23' E. Lat. 5056'N. Pop. 6,000. Hasselt, t. Netherlands, in Overyssel, on the Zwarte water, 10 m. E. Campeh. Lon. 6 1' E. Lat. 52 38' N. Hasser, properly Jlseer, district, Hind, in Khan* deish, between 21 and 22 N. lat Hasser, properly Aseerghur, t. and fort, Hind, formerly the capital of Khandeish. Lon. 76 U 21' E. Lat. 21 32' N. Hasscrode, t. Prussian Saxony, on the Nolzem- me, 3 m. S. Wernigerode. Hasslach, t. Baden, on the Kinzig, 22 m. N. N. E. Freyberg. Hassloch, t. Bavarian circle of the Rhine, 5 m, E. Neustadt, 9 W. N. W. Spire. Pop. 2,850. Hasteeri's Ground, group of rocks in the Catte- gat, about 12 m. N. of Zealand. Lon. 11 45' E. Lat. 56 11' N. Hastenbeck, v. Hanover, in Calenberg, 5 m. S. E. Hameln. Haste river mills, p-v. Culpeper co. Va. Hastings, ancient borough, Eng. on the eastern extremity of Sussex, famous for being the plac near which William the Conqueror landed in England, and for the battle of Hastings fought in the neighbourhood, in which he gained the English crown. It is now in great repute for sea bathing. It is one of the cinque ports, and had formerly an excellent harbour, which is now choked up. Pop, in 1811, 3,848 ; 36 m. S. E. Tunbridge, 64 S. E. London. Lon. 35' E. Lat. 50 52' N. Hastings, in Sierra Leone, a town of liberated negroes. Pop. 195. Hastings, r. New South Wales, which falls into the sea at Port Macquarie. Hatborough, or Hatfield, p-t. Montgomery co. Pa. on the N. side of Panepac creek, which runs into the Delaware, 5 m. above Frankfort. Pop. in 1810, 662. Hatchy, navigable r. Tennessee, which runs in- to the Mississippi, 19 m. N. of Wolf river. Haterash, or Karacsh, a stupendous chain of mountains in Koordistan, on the southern shore of the lake of Van. Hatfield, or Bishop's Hatfield, t. Eng. in Herts co. on the Lea. It formerly belonged to the bish- ops of Ely, whohad a palace here. Pop. 2,677. 19 m. N. London. Hatfield, v. Eng. in Yorkshire, in Hatfield Chase. It is famous for the battle fought A. D. 633, by Edwin, the first Christian king of North- umbria, against Cadwallo, king of Wales, and Penda, king of Mercia. The extensive level of Hatfield Chase is said to contain 180,000 acres. Pop. 1,487. 10 m. N. Bawtry, 8 E. Doncaster. Hatfield, p-t Hampshire co. Mass, on the W. bank of Connecticut river, 5 m. N. Northampton. Pop. 823. It is connnected with Hadley by a bridge. Hatfield, t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop. 756. Halhaz, t Hungary, in Szabolcs, 11 m. N. De- breczin. Lon. 21 39' 17" E. Lat. 47 40' 30" N. Pop. 4,000. Halherleigh, t. Eng. in Devonshire, 28 m. N. W. Exeter. Hatley, t. Richelieu and Buckingham counties, Lower Canada, on Lake Memphramagog. Pop. 1,000. Hatrats, fort and t. Hind. in. Agra, taken by the H A V British in February, 1817 ; 18 m. S. Coel. L<5n. 78 E. Lat. 27 40' N. Hattem, t. Netherlands, in Guelderland, near the left bank of the Yssel. Pop. 2,400. 9 m. S. E. Campen, 13 N. Deventer. Haiteras, Cape, on the coast of N. C. Lon. 75 30' W. Lat. 35 15' N. The weather here is often tempestuous, and many a good vessel has been wrecked on this cape. Hattiah, isl. Bengal, at the mouth of the Gan- ges, between lat. 22 and 23 N. The East India company have here an extensive manufactory for salt. Hatfingen, t. Prussian Westphalia, on the Roer, 25 m. N E. Dusseldorf. Lon. 7 8' E. Lat. 51 18' N. Hatvan, t. Hungary, in Hevesch, on the Zagy- va, 35 m. E. N. E. Buda. Lon. 19 41' E. Lat. 47 40' N. Halzfdd, t. Hesse-Darmstadt, on the Edder, 22 m. S. W. Waldeck,42 S.W. Cassel. Harannah, the capital of Cuba, on the N. coast, at the mouth of the Lagida, with the sea in its front. The harbour is by many esteemed the best in the world, being capable of containing commo- diously 1,000 ships, without either cable or an- chor, there being generally six fathoms water in the bay. The entrance is by a narrow channel, so very difficult of access, that only one vessel can en- ter at once. The channel is strongly fortified with platforms, works and artillery, for half a mile, which is the length of the passage. The mouth of this channel is secured by two strong castles. Besides these fortifications, the city is surmounted with works, all of them furnished with artillery even to profusion. A square citadel is erected near the centre of the town, and is called El Fu- erte ; thi= work has also heavy cannon. The city contains 1 1 fine churches, 2 hospitals, a dock-yard, lazaretto, and numerous other public buildings. During the stay of the fleet from Mexico, an im- mense commerce is carried on. The importance of this city and harbour has caused it to be repeat- edly attacked. Pop. estimated at 60 or 70,000. The number of vessels which entered the port of Havannah in 1821 was 1,322, and the number cleared 1,254. Lon. 82 23' W. Lat. 23 9' N. Hacant, t. Eng. in Hampshire, 6 m. fr. Ports- mouth. Haubervillers, t. France, 3 m. N. E. Paris. Haubourdin, t. France, 4 m. S. E. Lille, 14 N. Douay. Pop. 1,809. Harel, navigable r. Germany, which joins the Spree near Spandau, and fulls into the Elbe below Havclberg. Havelberg, t. Brandenburg, in the Mark of Prieg- nitz, on an island formed by the Havel, at its in- flux into the Elbe, 9 m. S. E. Perleberg, 56 N. W. Berlin. Lon. 12 25' E. Lat. 52 Z N. Pop. 2,000. Hauenstein, district, extending along the Rhine, between Waldsheet and Laufenburg, belonging to the grand dutchy of Baden. The passes of Hau- enstein are of great importance to the defence of Switzerland on the north. The town of Hauen- stein is 3 m. E. Laufenburg. Haverfordicest, t. Wales, in Pembrokeshire, on the W. branch of the Cleddau, which is navigable i - tide* fur vessels of 100 tons burden. It supplies the interior with goods, manufactures, &c. It is a county of itself, and sends one mem- ber to parliament Pop. 3,093. 8 m. N. Milford H A W 319 Haven, 17 N. Pembroke. Lon. 4 57' W. Lat. 51* 48' N. Haverford, t. Delaware co. Pa. Pop. 786. Haverhill, t. Eng. in Essex and Suffolk, 4 m. fr, Clare. Haverhill, p-t. Grafton co. N. H. on Connecti- cut river, 30 m. above Dartmouth college, 31 N. W. Plymouth, 60 N. Concord. Pop. 1,609. The courts of the county are held alternately here and at Plymouth. The village is handsomely built, and contains a court-house, jail, an academy, and a Congregational church. Haverhill, p-t. Essex co. Mass, pleasantly situ- ated on the N. side of Merrimack river, 12m. W, S. W. Newburyport, 27 N. Salem, 31 N. Boa- ton. Pop. 3,070. Many of the houses are neat and well finished. The town is chiefly built on two streets, the principal of which runs parallel with the river. It contains 4 houses of public worship, 3 for Congregationalists, and 1 for Bap- tists, 2 printing-offices, and several manufactur- ing establishments. The river is navigable to this place for vessels of 100 tons, and the trade with the back country is considerable. Ship building is carried on here to some extent. A handsome bridge across the Merrimack, 650 feet long, and 34 wide, connects Haverhill with Bradford. Haverhill, t. Scioto co. Ohio, on the Ohio. Haverstraw, p-t. Rockland co. N. Y. ,on the Hudson, 40 m. N. New-York. Pop. 2,700. Haupoul, t. France, 11 m. S. E. Castres, 17 N. Carcassonne. Pop. 3,050. Havre de Grace, s-p. France, at the influx of the Seine into the English channel. It is strongly fortified. The harbour is capable of containing 600 or 700 vessels, and has a depth sufficient for ships of war of 60 guns. It is a place of much com- mercial activity. Its importance arises from its being the only eligible harbour along the whole coast from Cherburg ; from the extensive inland intercourse opened by the navigation of the Seine ; and, above all, from its being the seaport of Paris. Its fortifications were brought to their present state of perfection under the government of Bona- parte. 45 m. W. Rouen, 112 N. W. Paris. Lon, 6' E. Lat. 49 29' N. Pop. 20,620. Hav/e de Grace, p-t. and port of entry, Har- ford co. Md. on the W. side of the Susquehannah, near its confluence with Chesapeake bay, 6 m. W, Charleston, 37 N. E. Baltimore, 65 W. S. W, Philadelphia. Lon. 76 12 W. Lat. 39 33' N. It contains 40 or 50 houses. Amount of shipping in 1816, 1,636 tons. Hauruca Isle, one of the Amboyna isles. Lon. 128 40' E. Lat. 3 40' S. Hausen, or Hausach, v. Baden, on the Kinzig, 20m. N.E. Rothweil, 26 S. E. Strasburg. Hausruckviertel, a circle of Upper Austria, bounded by the Danube, the circle of the Traun, and Bavaria ; it is so called from the Hausruck, a mountain and great forest within its circuit. The capital is Lintz. Haute, or Holt, isl. the southernmost of the large islands in Penobscot bay, Maine. Hauteville la Guichard, v. France, in la Man- che, 9 m. N. E. Coutances. Hauville, t. France, in Eure, 10 m. E. by N. Pont Audemer. Haw, r. N. C. which rises near the N. border of the State, and joins Deep river to form the N. W. branch of Cape Fear river. It may be easily made navigable for 50 miles. 320 HAY Hawarden, Harraden, or Harding, t. Wales, in Flintshire. Here is a large iron foundry. Pop. 4,436. 7 m. W. Chester. Lon. 3 1' W. Lat 53 ll'N. Haweeza river. See Kerah. Hai'-eeza, city, situated on the river Kerah, 50 m. JN . N. E. Bassora. Hawes, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 8 m. S. W. Rich- mond. Hawick, t. Scotland, in Roxburgh co. situated at the confluence of the Tiviot andSlitrig. Lon. 2 47' W. Lat. 55* 26' N. Pop. in 1811, 3,036. Hawk's Bay, bay on the coast of Alabama, westward of the rnoath of Mobile bay, between Pelican and Dauphin islands. Hawke, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 19 m. S. W. PC .-''mouth. Pop. 421. l :c*bury t t. Prescott co. Up. Canada, on the Ottawa. Hawtesbury Island, isl. on the N. W. coast of America. Lat. 53 36' N. Hatckesbury, r. New Holland, which falls into Broken bay on the E. coast. It rises among the Blue mountains far in the interior. Settlements are made on its banks by the British colony in New South Wales. Vessels of 200 tons can as- eend 120 miles. After heavy rains, the river will frequently rise suddenly to the height of 70 or 80 feet above its ordinary level, sweeping the adja- cent country with wide inundation, carrying away the flocks, herds, and habitations of the set- tlers. H&wkeshead, t. Eng. in Lancashire, in a valley, between the lakes of Windermere and Coniston, and in the midst of great iron forges and furnaces. 38 m. N. W. Lancaster. Lon. 2 29' W. Lat. 54 22' N. Pop. 676. Hawkins, co. Tennessee, on Holston river. Pop. 10,949. Slaves 1,331. Engaged in agricul- ture 1,802, in commerce \7. Chief town, Rogers- ville. HawkiiCs Island, isl. off the N. W. coast of America, in Prince William's Sound. Lon. 214 HXE. Lat. 60 28' N. Hawksbill mills, p-v. Shenandoah co. Va. Hawley, p-t. Franklin co. Mass. 14m. S. W. by W . Greenfield, 120 W. Boston. Pop. 1,089. Haworth, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 4 m. S. W. Reighley. Pop. 3,974. Haw river, p-v. Orange co. N. C. Haws, r. Wales, in Montgomeryshire, which falls into the Severn at Aberhaws. Hay, t. Wales, in Brecknockshire, on the Wye. 15 m. N. Brecon, 21 W. Hereford. Pop. 1,100. Hayay, r. Quito, which joins the Manay near its entrance into the Amazon. Hay cock, small isl. Pa. in the Delaware, 7 m. below Easton. Hay cock, t. Bucks co. Pa. Pop. 926. Haydey t. Bohemia, 26 m. S. E. Egra, 24 W. Pilsen. Hayden, or Am.pe.zzo, t Tyrol, 14 m. S. Bru- faydenheim. See Heidenheim. Haydon Bridge, v. Eng. in Northumberland co. on the South Tyne, 6 m. W. Hexham. Pop. 2,347. Haye, La, t. France, 30 m. S. Tours. Haye du Puits, La, t. France, in La Manche, 12 m. N. Coutances. Pop. 895. Hayes, v. Eng. in Middlesex, 3 m. S. E. Ux- bridge. Hayger, t. dutchy of Nassau, on the Dill, 12 m. E. S. E, Siegen, Pop. 1,500. H E B Hayle, v. Eng. in Cornwall, on the river Hayle . Haymarket, p-v. Prince William co. Va. Haymarket, v. Muskingum co. Ohio, on the E. bank of the Muskingum, 9 m. above Zanesville. Haynes, t. Centre co. Pa. Pop. 2,350. Haynichen, t. Saxony, on the Strignitz, 25 m, W. Dresden. Lon. 13 3' E. Lat. 50 57' N. Hayti. See Hispaniola. Haywood, co. N. C. Pop. 4,073. Slaves 274. Engaged in agriculture 594, in commerce 9, in manufactures 15. Haywoodsborough, p-t. Chatham co. N. C. on the N. W. branch of Cape Fear river, at the forks, 40 m. above Fayetteville, 46 from Raleigh. Ef- forts are making to extend the navigation of the river to this place. Hazard, or Richmond Bay, in Hudson's bay. Lon. 75 50' W. Lat. 56 35' N. Hasaree Bang, t. Hind.in Bahar. Lon. 85 20' E. Lat. 23 58' N. Hazebrouk, t. France, 27 m. W. by N. Lille. Lon. 2 37' E. Lat. 50 43' N. Pop. 6,600. Haseratnagur, t. Hind, in Delhi. Lon. 78 55' E. Lat. 29 8' N. Hazir, t. Koordistan, on the river Ha zir, at its union with the Aras, 33 m. S. W. Erbil. Hash green, p-v. Madison co. Missouri. Hazle patch, or Rice's, p-v. Knox co. Ken. Hazletoris ferry, p-v. Knox co. Indiana. Hazy Islands, in the Pacific. Lon. 225 42' E. Lat. 55 55' N. Hea, province of Morocco, on the Atlantic coast. The chief town is Mogodor. Head of Chester, p-v. Kent co. Md. Head of Cow neck, p-v. Queen co. N. Y. Head of Sassafras, p-v. Kent co. Md. Headingley, 1. Eng. in Yorkshire, on the Aire, 2J m. N. W. Leeds. Healthy Cove, bay of the island of Jamaica, on the S. coast. Lon. 77 W. Lat. 17 44' N. Heanor, t. Eng. in Derbyshire, 9 m. N. E. Der- by. Pop. 1,912. Heap, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 3 m. S. E. Bury. Pop. 5,148. Heath, v. Eng. in Yorkshire, 1 m. S. E. Wake- field. Heath, p-t. Franklin co. Mass. 12 m. N. W. Greenfield. Pop. 1,122. Heathfield, parish, Eng. in Sussex, 8 m. N. Hail sham. On the down here, was fought the cele- brated battle of Hastings. Heath Point, the S. E. extremity of Anticosti island. Lon. 62 W. Lat. 49 6' N. Heaton Kirk, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 2 m. N. by E. Huddersfield. Heaton Norris, t. Eng. in Lancashire, separated from Stockport by the Mersey. Pop. 4,532. 5 m. S. E. Manchester. Heavilree, v. Eng. in Devonshire, 1 m. from Exeter. Hebrides, or Western Islands, a cluster of islands on the W. coast of Scotland. They extend about 180 miles from the Butt of Lewis, in 58 35' N. lat. to the small island of Sanday, in 55 22'. These islands were anciently called Ebudae, He- bridae, and afterwards Hebrides. The principal are Lewis, Harris, North Uist, Benbecula, South Uist, Sky, Mull, Jura, and Isla. The whole number of islands and rocks are estimated to amount to 300, of which 86 are inhabited, and are estimated to contain 70,000 inhabitants. Hebrides, New, group of islands in the Pacific ocean, between Ion. 166 41' and 170 21' E, and H E I lat. 14 29' and 20 4' S. They were discovered by Quiros in 1506. The soil appears in general to be fertile. The islands are inhabited by different ra- ces of people, and in general, they want that sym- metry of stature possessed by the natives in the other islands of the Southern Pacific ocean. Hebron, p-t. Oxford co. Maine, 9 m. S. Paris, 35 N. by W. Portland, Pop. 1,727. Hebron, p-i. Graftonco. N. H. 35 m. N. Con- cord. Pop. 572. Htbron, p-t. Tolland co. Ct. 20 m. S. E. Hart- ford. Pop. 2,094. It contains 3 churches, 2 for Congregationalisls and 1 for Episcopalians. Hebron, p-t. Washington co. N. Y. 8 m. N. Sa- lem. Pop. 2,754. Hebrus, river in Thrace. See Marizza. Hechingen, t. in the south-west of Germany, the capital of the principality of Hohenzollern, situa- ted on the Starzel It contains 2,600 inhabitants, and has some woollen manufactures ; it is the res- idence of the prince, and the seat of the different courts of the principality. 30 m. S. Stutgard, 60 E. S. E. Strasburg. For the principality, see Ho- hensollern. Heckmondwick, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 7 m. from Wakefield. Pop. 2,324. Hecla, a volcanic mountain of Iceland, in the S. part of the island, near the coast. Its height ex- ceeds 5,000 feet. Though it has remained tran- quil for half a century, the number and extent of its eruptions formerly have been greater than those f almost any other volcano. Hecstadt. See Hettstadt. Hector, p-t. Tompkins co. N. Y. bordering on Seneca and Cayuga lakes, 10 m. S. Ovid. Pop. 4,012. Hector Cape, cape on the N. W. eoast of Ameri- ca. Lat. 51 57' 20'' N. Heddinge, or Star Heding, t. Denmark, in the island of Zealand, on the Sound, 20 m. S. S. W. Copenhagen. Lon. 1224'E. Lat 55 19' N. Hedemora, 1. Sweden, in Dalecarlia, on the lake of Hofra, 67 m. W. N. W. Upsal. Lon. 15 54' E. Lat. 60 13' N. Hedcmunden, t. Hanover, on the Werra, 14 m. S. Gottingen. Pop 887. Hedesunda, t. Sweden, in Gestricia, 20 m. S. Gefle. Lon. 16 49' E. Lat. 60 25' N. Hedic Island, small isl. on the W. coast of France, 5 m. N. E. Belleisle. Hedon, or Headon, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, for- merly a place of considerable trade, but now much declined. Itsends 2 members to Parliament. 1'op. 780. 8 m. E. Hull. Lon. 9' W. Lat. 53 Q 45' N. Hedsjas, one of the divisions of modern Arabia. It extends along the Red sea, from Mount Sinai to the frontier of Yemen. The principal towns are Mecca and Medina. Heepen, v. Prussian Westphalia, 22 m. S. S. W. Minden, 5 E. by N. Bielefeld. Pop. 1,360. Heerenveen, t Netherlands, in Friesland, 18 m. S. S. Leeuwarden. Pop. 1,158. Iforingen, t. Prussian Saxony, on the Helme, C m. S. E. Nordhausen,37 N. Erfurt. Pop. 1,600. Hcerlen, t. Netherlands, in Limburg, 14 m. N. W. Maestricht. Pop. 3,500. Hrermund, r. Prussia, which rises near Cabul, and after a course of about 400 miles, falls into the lake of Zerrah, in Seistan. Heidelberg, ancient city, Germany, in Baden, on the Neekar, at the foot of a mountain called the Giesberj. Heidelberg he long been a celebra- 41 H E L 321 ted place of education. Its university was found- ed in 1386. A liberal grant is made to it annual- ly, and its reputation is increasing. The grand duke of Baden, whose religion is the Lutheran, is himself rector. The number of professors is 26 that of students between 500 and 600. The libra- ry contains 45,000 volumes. Several literary jour- nals are published in Heidelberg. The churches are, 4 Protestant, 1 Catholic, and 1 synagogue. 10 m. S. S. E. Manheim, 14 N. E. Spire. Lon. 8 41' E. Lat. 49 24' N. Pop. 9,826. Heidelberg, t. Lebanon co. Pa. 33 m. E. Harris- burg, 74 N. VV. Philadelphia. Pop. 2,384 Hsiddberg, t. York co. Pa. Pop. 1.313. Hnddberg, t. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 3,605. Heidelberg, t. Lehigh co. Pa. Pop. 1,900. Heidelsheim, t. Germany, in Baden, on the Salzbach, 17 m. S. Heidelberg, 14 S. E. Spire. Pop. 1,850. Heidenheim, t. Bavarian states, 17 m. S. Ans- pach. Pop. 1,800. Heidenheim, t. Wirtemberg, on the Brenz, 21 m. N. W. Ulm, 50 E. N. E. Stutgard. Pop. 1,900. Heila. See Hela. Heilbronn, t. Wirtemberg, on the Neekar. It has a well endowed academy, a public library, and an orphan-house. 9 m. N. W. Lauenstein, 25 N. Stutgard. Lon. 9 8' E. Lat. 49 7' N. Pop. 6,500. Heiligenbeil, t. East Prussia, on the Jarft, 28 m. S. W. Konigsberg. Pop. 2,000. Heiligenhaven, t. Denmark, in Holstein, on the Baltic, opposite the island of Femern, 40 m. N. by E. Lubeck. Lon. 10 48' E. Lat. 54 27' N. Heiligenheim, s-p. Holstein, 30m. E. N. E. Kiel. Lon. 10 57' E. Lat 54 23/ N. Heiligenstadt, t. Prussian Saxony, near the Leine, cap. ofEichsfeld, 49 m. N. W.Erfurt. Pop. 3,550. Heilsberg, t. E. Prussia, on the river Alle, 36 m. S. Konigsberg. Pop. 2,300. Heimseim, or Heimsheim, t. Wirtemberg, 2 m. W. N. W. Stutgard. Pop. 934. Heinkensand, v. Netherlands, on the Island of South Beveland, 17 m. E. Flushing. Heinrichs, t. Prussian Saxony, on the Hasel, 9 m. E. S. E. Meinungen. Heinsberg, t. Prussian Westphalia, in Juliers, 10 m. S. E. Ruremond. Heinsen, v. Hanover, on the Weser. 30 m. N. W. Hanover. Pop. 1,016. Hcisker, small isl. of the Hebrides, about two leagues W. North Uist. Lon. 7 51' W. Lat. 57 46' N. Heitersheim, t. Baden, on the borders of the Black forest, 10 m. S. Brisac, 20 N. N. E. Bale. Heitsiiury. See Heytsbury. Hel, r. Eng in Cornwall, which falls into the Channel, 4 m. S. Falmouth. Hela, t. West Prussia, on a peninsula, which runs into the Baltic. 19 m. N. by E. Dantzig. Lon. 186'E. Lat. 44 37' N. Heldburg, t. Saxony, principality of Saxe-Hild- burghhausen^Hm. W. Coburg. Heldcr, t. North Holland, opposite the Texel, with a strong fortress to defend the entrance aad road of Mars-Diep. Pop. 2,400. 24 m. N. Alk- maar. Lon. 4 C 43' E. Lat. 53 2' N. Heldrungen, t. Prussian Saxony, in Qucfurt, near the Un?trut Pop. 1 ,050. 20 m. N. Weimar. Lon. 11 20' E. Lat. 51 17' N. Helen, Both of, remarkable spring in Thrace , near Cenchjea. 322 H E L Helena, t. and cap. Phillips co. Arkansas ter. on the Mississippi, 12 m. below the mouth of the St. Francis. Helensburgh,\. Scotland, on the Clyde, opposite Greenock. Helgra, r. Sweden, which falls into the Baltic, about 10 m. S. Christianstadt. Helicon, a celebrated mountain of Greece, in Boeotia, near the gulf of Corinth. The modern name is Sagara. Heligoland, or Helgoland, isl. in the North sea, about 28 m. from the mouths of the Weser, the Elbe, and the Eyder. On the High Land is a light-house, in 7 53' 13'' E. Ion. and 54 1 1' 34" N. lat. which is visible at a distance of more than 27 miles. The island has two good harbours. The inhabitants, in number above 2,000 subsist chiefly by fishing and acting as pilots. The island was taken by a British squadron in 1807, and rendered a depot for merchandize, which was smuggled afterward into the ports of the continent. It is still retained by the British. Hellgate, strait, in East river N. Y. 8 m. from New- York, between the islands of Manhattan and Parsell on the N. W. and Long Island on the S. E. Harlem river discharges its waters into the Sound between the two first mentioned islands. Here are numerous whirlpools among the rocks which form the bed of the river. The tides meet at Frog's point a few miles above, and at certain times of the tide, the roaring of the whirlpools is tremendous. Vessels of any burthen may be conducted through this strait by a skilful pilot. Hdl's Skerries, small islands of the Hebrides. Lon. 6 53' \V. Lat. 57 N. Hdlah. See Hillah. Hellespont, now the Dardanelles, the ancient name of the long strait which divides Asia from Europe, and extends from the JEgean Archipelago to the sea of Marmora. Its breadth varies from 1 to 2 miles. Hdlet Allais. See dllais. Hdlin, t. Spain, 19m. S. Chinchilla. Lon. 1 38' W. Lat. 41 17' N. Pop. 6,100. Hdme, r. Thurin^ia, which runs into the Uns- trut at Artern. 6 m. S. Sondershausen. Helmershausen, t. Hesse-Cassel, on the Diemel, 22 m. W. Gottingen. He'mont, or H'dmond, t. Brabant, on the Aa, 15 m. S. E. Bois le Due. Pop. 2,500. Helrtudale, r. Scotland,which falls into the Ger- man oeoan, 3 m. S. of the Ord of Caithness. H'-lmsley, or Helmsley Blackmoor, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 22 m. N. York. Lon. l u 4' W. Lat. 54 15' N. Hetmstadt, t. of the states of Brunswick, in the principality of Wolfenbuttel. Though small, it contain? several buildings worth notice, such as the church of St. Stephen, and the council-house. It had a university founded in 1575, but 't was sup- pi ' ; n loO!). and part of its library was sent to Gottingen. 21 m. N. Halborsladt, 24 E. Wolfcu- buttel. Lon. 10 59' E. Lat. 52" 1 3' N. Hel i. i si. Denmark, in the Little Belt. Lon. 10 ~ E. Lat. 55 9' N. HI I'^bor^, t. Sweden, on the Sound, opposite Elsinore. A pier of stone was lately constructed, which has greatly improved the port. The width of the sound is about three miles. Here is the pri.n pal ferry from Sweden to Denmark. Pop. 2, 150. W m. N. W. Lund. Lon. 12 43' E. Lat. 56' -2 'N. Hdsingfors, t. Finland, at the mouth of the HEN Wanna, with a very good harbour. The Rus- sians arc now (1819) engaged in improvement?, which will make it an important naval station. 104 m. E. S. E. Abo. Lon. 25 E. Lat. 60" 10' N. Pop. 3,200. Hdsingland, province, Sweden, belonging to Gefleborg, bounded by the gulf of Bothnia, and by Gestricia, and Dalecarlm. Extent, 4,470 sq. miles. Pop. 52,000. The chief exports are iron and wood. Helsingo, and Hdsingoren, 2 small islands in the gulf of Bothnia, in Ion. 22 30' E. lat. 63 46' N. Helsingoer. See Ehinoer. Helslone, t. Eng. in Cornwall, on the Cober, near its mouth. It has a good harbour, and con- siderable trade. It sends 2 members to parliament. Pop. 2,297. 12 m. E. Penzance. Lon. 5 16' W. Lat. 50' 6' N. Hdum, t. York co. Pa. Pop. 2,062. Helvoelsluys, a fortified t. S. Holland, on the S. side of the island of Voorn. It has an excellent harbour, large enough to contain the whole Dutch navy. Here are extensive magazines and dock- yards for the construction and repair of ships of war; also a naval school, supported by govern- ment. This is the regular station for packets to England. 30 m. N. E. Middleburg. Lon. 4 7'E. Lat. 51 49' N. Helwickhead, cape, Ireland, the S. point of the entrance into Dungarvan bay. Lon. 7 33' W. Lat. 52 2' N. Hemel Hempstead, t. Eng. in Hertfordshire, 23 m. N. W. London. Lon. 29' W. Lat. 51 45' N. Pop. 3,240. Hemlock, lake, in Livonia, Ontario co. N. Y. miles long and 4 broad, which communicates bj an outlet with Honeoy creek Hemlock, t. Columbia co Pa. Pop. 1,464. Hemmau, t. Bavarian states, 14m. W. Ratisbon. Pop. 767. Hemmingford, t. Huntingdon co. Lower Cana- da, on the Province line, 34 m. S. Montreal. Hemnfidd, t. Westmoreland co. Pa. Pop. 3,885. Hempfald, t. Lancaster co. Pa. on the Susquehan- nah. Pop. 3,339. Hempstead, p-t. Queens co. Long-Island, N.Y. 22 m. E. New- York. Pop. 5,804. It is on the S. shore, and comprises Rockaway beach, which is much resorted to for sea bathing. The principal part of Hempstead plain is in this town. Hempslead, co. Arkansas Tcr. on Red river. Pop. 2,248. Slaves 481. Engaged in agriculture 59-2, in commerce 5, in manufactures 12. Hempstead fort, v. Howard co. Missouri, on the N. side of the Missouri, 2 m. above Franklin. Hempslead plain, an extensive plain on Long- Inland N. Y. in Queens co. It is 15 miles long and 4 broad, and has no natural growth except w'ld grass and a few shrubs. Large herds of cattle feed upon it, and a part of it is now brought under cul- tivation. linns, city, Syria, on the borders of the desert, on the site of the ancient Emesa. 120 m. S. Alep- po, 85 N. Damascus. Lon.37"20' E. Lat. 34"&V N. Ilnnsbach, t. Baden, 11 m. N. E. Manheim. Hen and Chickens, small islands near the coast of New Zoala nd . Lon . ] 80 1 ' W. Lat. 35 53 ' S. Hen and Chickens, small islands in the Eastern seas. Lon. 1 18 3' E. Lat. 5 30' S. Henderson, p-t. Jefferson co. N. Y. on Luke On- tario, 8 m. S. of the mouth of Black river. Pop. 1,910. HEN HER 323 Henderson, t. Huntington co. Pa. Pop. 1,073. Henderson, co. in the N. W. part of Kentucky. Pop. 5,714. Slaves 2,265. Engaged in agricul- ture 1,749, in commerce 40, in manufactures 2 10. Henderson, p-t. and cap. Henderson co. Ken. on the Ohio, 75 m. below Louisville, 30 from Yellow Banks. Pop. in 1810,159. It has considerable trade with New-Orleans, principally in tobacco and cotton. Henderson, isl. of the Pacific 100 m. E. N. E. Pitcairns isl. Lon. 128 30' VV. Lat. 24 26' S. Hendersons, p-t. York co. S. C. Hendersonion, p-t. and cap. Montgomery co. N. C. Hendersonrille, p-v. Nottaway co. Va. Hendersonrille, p-v. Newbury co. S. C. Hendersoni-ille, p-v. Sumner co. Ten. Hendrick^s store, p-v. Bedford co. Va. Heneago, or Heneaguas, the two most southern of the Bahama islands. Great Heneago, the larg- est, is 45 miles long, and 19 wide. Hcnery, or Hundry, isl. about 10 m. S. Bombay, and 1,200 yards from the main land. Hengestmby Head, Headlan, Eng. in the chan- nel, 2 m. S. C'hristchurch. Henin-Lietard, t. France, in Pas-de-Calais, 6 m. N. W. Douay. Pop. 2,400. Henley in Arden, t. Eng. in Warwick, 14 m. S. Birmingham. Henley upon Thames, t. Eng. in Oxford, on the Thames, 35 m. W. London. Pop. 3,1 17. Henley house, station of the Hudson's Bay Com- pany, in New South Wales, on Albany river, 150 m. S. W. Albany fort. Lon. 85 5' 54" W. Lat. 54 14' 27'' N. Ht.-hpen, Cape, Del. the S. W. point at the en- trance of Delaware bay, 28 m. from Cape May. Lon. 75 6' W. Lat. 38 47' N. Here is a light- house. Henneberg, formerly a county of Saxony, lying N. of the principality of Wurzburg. Extent, 850 aq. miles. Pop. about 100,000. Hennebon, t. France, in Morbihan, on the Bla- vet, 6 m. N. E. L'Orient. Lon. 3" 17' W. Lat. 47" 48' N. Pop. 4,600. Hennersdorf, t. Saxony, in Upper Lusatia, 3 m. W. Lobau. Pop. 4,300. Hennersdorf, v. Prussian Silesia, in Liegnitz, 5 m. N. by W. Lauban, 67 E. Dresden. Pop. 3,500. Hennersdorf, t. Saxony, in Upper Lusatia, 6 m. N. by W. Zittau. Pop. 3,000. Henniker, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. II. 13 m. W. Concord. Pop. 1,900. Henrichemont, or Boisbelle, t. France, in Cher, 14 m. S. W. Sancerre, 20 N. E. Bourges. Lon. 2 36' E. Lat. 47 18' N. Pop. 2,GOO. Henrico, co. Va. inclosed by the counties of Hanover, Charles city, and Goochland, and by James river. Pop. 11,600; slaves 5,417; enga- gaged in agriculture 2,469, in commerce 27," in miiniitV'tures 455. Chief town, Richmond. Henrietta, t. Monroe co. N. Y. on Genessee riv- er. Pop. 2,181. Henrietta Maria, Cape, on the W. coast of James' bay. Lon. 82 3tf W. Lat. 55 15' N. '/, co. Va. inclosed by Franklin, Patrick, Grayson, and Montgomery counties. Pop. 5,624 ; slaves 2,178; engaged in agriculture 1,879, in ommerce 7, in manufactures 151. Chief town, Martinsville. Henry, Cape, Va. the S. point at the entrance of Chesapeake bay, 12 m. S. Cape Charles. Lon. 76 VV. Lat. 36 58' N. Henry, co. Alabama. Pop. 2,638 ; slaves 626 ; engaged in agriculture 773, in commerce 10, in manufactures 4. Henry, co. Ken. on the W. side of Kentucky river, at its confluence with the Ohio. Pop. 10,816; slaves 2,004; engaged in agriculture 1,685, in commerce 3, in manufactures 111. Chief town, Newcastle. Henry, co. Ohio, on Maumee river, formed in 1820, in the Indian reservation, bounded N. by Michigan, E. by Wood co. S. by Putnam co. W. by Williams co. Sq. miles, 448. Henry, Cape, OD the W. shore of Queen Char- lotte's island. Lon. 227 45$' E. Lat. 52 53' N. Henshaiv, t. Trumbull co. Ohio, N. W. of War- ren. Henshaw^s Town, t. Calabar, in Africa, at the mouth of Old Calabar river. Lat. 5 27' N. Henslow, Cape, New Georgia. Lon. 160 38' E. Lat. 10 S. Heppenheim, t. Hesse-Darmstadt, on the Berg- strass, 17 m. N. N. W. Heidelberg. Pop. 3,200. eptonstall, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 8 m. W. Hali- fax. Pop. 3,647. Hep-worth, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 8 m. S. Hud- dersfield. Heradea, an ancient seaport and citadel of Greece, on the gulf of Salonica, 24 m. N. E. La- rissa, 43 S. S. W. Salonica. Heradea. See Eraklea. Heradias, small isl. of the Grecian Archipe- lago, 5m. S. Naxia. Lon. 25 29' E. Lat. 36 49' N. Herat, city, of Khorassan, in Persia, on the high-road from Persia and Tartary to Hindostan. It has been, from time immemorial, the route of all the caravans, and the depot of the commerce car- ried on between the three countries, by which its inhabitants amassed great wealth ; and it has also been the route of all the invading armies, and has been often plundered, sacked and burnt. It now belongs to Cabul. Lon. 62 20' E. Lat. 34 50' N. Ileraull, department of France, on the Mediter- ranean. Extent, 2,830 sq. miles. Pop. 300,000. Montpelier is the capital. Herault, r. France, which runs into the Medi- terranean, below Agde, iu Ion. 3 40' E. lat. 43 10' N. Herbivnac, t. France, 20 m. N. W. Savenay, 14 W. Pont Chateau. Pop. 2,700. Herborn, t. dutchy of Nassau, on the Dill, 3 m. S. S. E. Dillenbnrg. Pop. 2,400. Herbeslein, t. Hesse-Cassel, 13 m. W. Fulda. Herck, t. Netherlands, in Limburg. 23 m. N. W. Maastricht. Hercole, isl. in the Tuscan sea. Lon. 12 11' E. Lat. 42 26' N. Herculancum, ancient city, Italy, 5 m. E. by S. Naples. It was destroyed by an eruption of Mount Vesuvius, A. D. 79 ; and its site had long been a matter of doubtful discussion, as it had been com- pletely buried under volcanic substances to a depth of 70 feet At last, a peasant, in 1711, dig- ging a well in his garden, found some pieces of fine" marble. Excavations were soon commenced and a number of pillars, an amphitheatre in good preservation, a basilica, two temples, and a thea tre were discovered. Whole streets have since been cleared, and are found to be paved aud flag 1 - 324 HER ged on the sides. A number of bronze statues of all sizes, have been obtained ; likewise pillars of marble and alabaster, mosaics and pointing, many of them in high preservation, various orna- ments of dress, kitchen utensils, household furni- ture, surgical instrumeuts, and other iim>lenients of till kinds. The whole is calculated to convey a complete idea of the manners of the ivr* 1 , and to correct a number of erroneous ideas of the arts and habits of the ancients. The most valuable re- mains, however, art- tho manuscripts. These are all calcined, and a number of them sunk into dust when exposed to the air. About 1800. however, have been preserved ; and there is reason to ex- pect that many more may still be found, and among them, perhaps some of the missing classics. It ap- pears that the inhabitants of this city had time to escape when it wa? destroyed, as very few skele- tons are found, while at Pompeii the number of skeletons is very considerable. Herculanewn, p-t. and cap. Jefferson co. Missou- ri, on the Mississippi, at the mouth of Joachim creek, 30 m. below St. Louis, 21 above St. Gene- vieve, 36 from Mine a Burton in the centre of the lead-mine country. Here are store-honses for the lead, and several shot towers. The value of lead exported from this place in 18 months, from Dec. 1816. to June 1818, was ,$170,000. Herdicke, or Marien Herdicke, t. Prussian West- phalia, 4 m. S. \V. Schwerte. Herfford, one of the western counties of Eng- land, on the borders of Wales, distinguished for the variety and excellence of its agricultural pro- ducts. It is bounded N. by Shropshire, S. by Glout^ster and Monmouth, E. by Worcester, and W. by Brecknock and Radnor. Extent, 600,000 acres, or 970 sq. miles. Pop. in 1811, 94,073; 12,700 families employed in agriculture, 5,043 in trade, and 2,438 otherwise. Hereford, an ancient city, Eng. in Hereford- shire, on the N. bank of the Wye. It has never risen to any eminence either in trade or manufac- tures. It sends 2 members to parliament. Pop. in 1811, 7,306. 30 m. N. W. Gloucester, 32 W. S. W. Worcester, 136 W. N. W. London. Lon. 243'W. Lat. 52 3' N. Hereford, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, on the Province line, 96 m. S. S. E. Three-Rivers. Pop. 200. Hereford, t. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 1,431. Herethals,t. Netherlands, in Antwerp, 16 m. N. E. Malines. Lon. 4 50' 29" E. Lat. 51 10' 45" N. Pop. 3,000. Hemtall, t. Prussian Westphalia, on the Weser, 34 m. E. Paderborn. Herford, or Herrorden, t. Prussian Westphalia, at the confluence of the Werra and the Aa, 1 1 m. E. N. E. Ravensberg. Lon. 8" 25' E. Lat. 52 8' N. Pop. 5,100. Hergesfs Islands, a group of islands in the Pa- cific ocean. They consist of Riou's, Trevenen's, Sir Henry Martin's, and Robert's isle,and extend from lat. 7 53' to 9 14' S. and from Ion. 219 47' to 220 21' E. Hp.rgesCs Rocks, in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 219 42' E. Lat. 7 38' S. Heri, small isl. in the Eastern seas, 3 m. N. W. Ternate. Lon. 127 8' E. Lat. 54' N. Hericourt, L France, in Upper Saone, 25 m. E. Vesoul. Herjcdalen, district, Sweden, now included in Gefleborgstoen, and bounded N. by Jemptland, HER and W. by Norway. Extent, 3,200 sq. mile. Pop. 4,000. Hfrinnes, t. Netherlands, in South Brabant, 17 m. W. Nivelles. Pop. 3,ti09. Herisau, t. Swiss canton of Appenzel, 27 m. S. W. St. Gall. Lon. <6' ; 2;V K. Lat. 47" 2:}' 16'' N. Heriuia, t. India, in Mysore, on the Vedawatti. Lor.. 76 37' E. Lat. 13 46' .N. Hcrkimer, co. N. Y. on both sides of the Mo- hawk, inclosed by the counties of St. Lawrence, Hamilton, Montgomery, Otsego, Oneida. and Lewis. Pop. 31,017 ; engaged m sericulture 5,661, in commerce 70, in manufactures 1,365. Chief town, Herkimer. Her&mer, p-t. and cap. Herkimer co. N. Y. on the N. side of the Mohawk, 14 m. below I'tica, 78 W. Albany. Top. 3,055. The public build- ings are a court-house and jail, and a church. It contains 2 considerable villages : Hei xiiii-r vil- lage is on the W. bank of West Canada creek, which here enters the Mohawk; the village of Little Falls is on the Mohawk, at the Little Falls, round which there is a canal, and lias great advan- tages for water works. Herkla, t. on the coast of Tunis, the Adrumf.iurK. of the earlier ages, the Jiistiniana. of the middle, andtheJ/erac/eaofthe lower empire; 45 in. S.Tunis. Hermanwtadt)Qir Szvben, (th ancient Ctbi-nium, or Hermonqpefo,) large t. Tnm*/lvania, on the river Szeben, in a beautiful plain. It is the chief town of the Sux.on settlers in Transylvania, the place of deposit for their archives, and the scat of some establishments for the education of Protes- tants. It was formerly the capital of Transylva- nia, but in 1790, the seat of government was re- moved to Clausenburg. 30 in. S. E. Weissen- burg, 392 S. E. Vienna. Lon. 24 4' E. Lat. 45* 47' N. Pop. 16,000. Hermanos, 2 small islands of the Philippines, about 30 m. E. Mindoro. Lon. 121 42* E. Lat. 13 6' N. Hermitage, a hill of France, on the right bank of the Rhone, N. of Valence. The noted wine, called " Hermitage," is produced here. Hermitage, p-v. Prince Edward co. Va. Hermits Islands, islands before Nassau bay, at the S. extremity of Terra del Fuego. Hermon, Mount, one of the summits of Antili- banus, in A. Turkey. It rises to the height of 8,949 feet above the level of the sea. Lat. 33^ i\. Herman, t. Penobscotco. Maine, 7 m. W. Bun- gor. Pop. 277. Hermund, or Helmund, r. Cabul, which rises W. of the city of Cabul, and, running S. W. is join- ed by the Urghundah, and alter a course of 360 miles, empties itself into the sea of Zerra, or Aria Palas. Hernad, r. Hungary, which falls into the Theysse. He man i, t. Spain, in Guipuscoa, 3 m. S. St. Se- bastian. Lat 43 15' 47" N. Hernosand, government in the N. of Sweden, comprising the provinces of Angermanuiand, Jemptland, and Medelpad. Extent, 18,000 sq. miles. Pop. 89,974. Hf.rnosand, or Hernosund, t Sweden, in Anger- mannland, and cap. of the government of Herno- sand. It stands on the island of Heino, in the gulf of Bothnia, and is united to the continent by a bridge. It has a good harbor, and considerable trade. Pop. 2,500. 240 m. N. by W. Stockholm. Lon. 17" M E. Lat. 62 38' N. HER Hernstadt, t. Silesia, 25 m. E. Glogau. Pop. 1,488. Lon. 16 4:V E. [.at. 51 33' N. Hero, isls. VL See North and South Hero. Heron, Pass au, channel, Alabama, between Gillori island and the main, on the W. side of Mobile bay at it? mouth. Lon. 88 W. Lat. 30 10' N. It has 4 feet water. Htrpf, r. Saxony, which falls into the Werra, 2 m. A. Aieinuugen. Herradura, s-p. Spain, 16 m. W. Motril, 20 E. Velez-Malaga. Herradura, port, Chili, in Quillota. Lat. 32 44' S. Herrengrund, t. Hungary, 4 m. N. N. W. Neu- fohl, situated in the midst of copper mines, and in- habited chiefly by miners. Htt ) ins: Bay, bay, Md. on the western shore of the Chesapeake. 26 m. S. Annapolis. Herrnhut, t. Saxony, in Upper Lusatia, 6 m. S. Lota; 1 , It was built by Count Zirizendorf in 1722, for the u.-^ oi tbe Moravian brethren. It is well known thronghc -u Germany, both from the reli- gions tenets of the inhabitants, aud the variety of mfactures carrieii on here, which consist of coitou and linen stuffs, -!ockinj*s, sealing; wax, hi'-, colored paper, ribbons, ami atensils cf cop- per, bi-nss, and steel. Before ths erection of this Cf , th'.- Moravian brethren were scatter- ed i.iroughout the continent, and had never been incorporated into a separate religious community It is now thfur capital, and from it they frequent- ly take the name of Herrnhutters. Pop. 1,500. He>;0'N. U/Uar, t. Asia Minor, 12 m. N. Caesarea. Hildbtirghausen, Saxe, dutchy in the interior of Germany, inclosed by Saxe-Meinungen and Saxe- Coburg. Extent, 237 sq. miles. Pop.29,706. The duke holds the fourth rank among the princes of the house of Saxc, has a share of a vote in the Germanic diet, and a full vote in the general as- sembly. Rerenue, 20,000/. H I M 327 Hildberghausen, t. Germany, and cap. oMhe Jutchy of the same name, is on the Werra, 17 m. S. E. Meinungen, 20 N. W. Coburg. Pop. 2,500. Hildesheitn, province, in the south of Hanover, adjacent to the province of Gottingen. Extent, 682 sq. miles. Pop. 128,950. The prevailing re- ligion is the Lutheran. Revenue, 90,000/. It was once an independent bishopric ; but, after various changes, it was added, by the Congress of Vienna, in 1815, to the kingdom of Hanover. It is gov- erned as an independent province, and has its own states. Hildesheim, city, Hanover, and cap. of the prov- ince of Hildersheim. It was formerly fortified ; but its walls have been demolished. 20 m. S. E. Han- over, 20 VV. byS. Wolfenbuttel. Lon.955'E. Lat.529'N. Pop. 11,108. Hilda. See Held. Hillah, or Hellah, t. A. Turkey, in Irak Arabi, or Pachalic of Bagdad, about 60 m. S. of Bagdad, on the W. bank of the Euphrates, and on the borders of the great Syrian desert. Pop. 12,000. This city and its vicinity are believed to be the site of ancient Babylon. The observations of mod- ern travellers, combined by the learned inquiries of major Rennell, appear to have left no doubt remaining upon the subject. The structures of Babylon do not appear to have been much inferior in magnitude to those of Egypt ; but being built of brick, cemented with straw and bitumen, they have not only mouldered from the lapse of time, but being easily loosened by art, have been carri- ed away for the purpose of building elsewhere. Babylon has thus become a great quarry for the construction of all the modern cities in its neigh- borhood. The most remarkable of the ruins is about 4 miles S. of Hillah, and half a mile from the bank of the Euphrates. It is a pyramid near- ly half a mile in circumference, and about 150 feet high, built entirely of brick dried in the sun, cemented in some places with bitumen and regu- lar layers of reeds, and in others with slime and reeds. About a mile to the south of this pyra- mid is a very remarkable structure, which forms nearly a square of 700 yards in length and breadth and contains several walls in a pretty entire state, built of the finest bricks, cemented with lime. About 500 yards N. of this ruin, is a mound 1100 yards long, 800 broad, and 50 or 60 feet high ; and on the VV. bank of the Euphrates, about 6 miles S. VV. of Hillah, is an oblong mound, 762 yards in circumference, and 198 feet high. These four masses of walls, mixed with earth and rubbish, are the only traces which remain of the mighty Babylon. Hillah is in Ion. 44 13' 15" E. Lat. 33 '34' N. Jfilltgersberg, v. South Holland, 3 m. N. Rot- terdam. Pop. 3,000. Hiilerod, t. Denmark, in the island of Zealand, 15 m. N. N. W. Copenhagen. Pop. 1,200. Hillfiam, p-t. Overton co. Ten. Ift/liar, t. Knox co. Ohio. Pop. 241. Hillier Point, on the S. coast of New-Holland. Lon. 1 17 9' E. Lat. 35 4' S. Hillock Point, New-Holland, the N. W. point of Halifax bay. Lon. 913 45' W. Lat. 18 28' S. Hillsborough, t. Westmoreland co. New Bruns- wick. llilhborough, co. N. H. bounded N. by Grafton co. E. by Rockingham co. S. by Massachusetts, and W. by Connecticut river, which separates it from Vermont. Pop. 53,884. Engaged in agri- culture 13,197, in commerce 238, in manufactures 2,400. Hillsborough, p-t. Hillsborough co.N. H. 20 in. W.Concord. Pop. 1,982. Hillsborough, t. Somerset co. N. J. 15 m. W. Brunswick, 18 N. Trenton. Pop. 2,885. Hillsborough, p-v. Caroline co. Md. on the E. side of Tuckahoe creek, 7 m. S. E. by S. Denton, 26 S. S. W. Chester. Hillsborough, p-v. Loudon co. Va. 17 m. from Richmond. Hillsborough, p-v. Culpeper co. Va. Hillsborough, p-t. and cap. Orange co. N. C. on Eno river, 17 m. above its confluence with Little and Flat rivers, 41 m. N. W. Raleigh, 180 W. N. VV. Newbern. It is situated in a hilly, healthy, and fertile country, and contains about 80 houses, a court-house and jail, a Presbyterian church of brick, and an academy Hillsborough, t. Madison co. Alabama, 18 m. N. Huntsville. Hillsborough, p-t. and cap. Highlund co. Ohio, 35 m. N. W. Chillicothe. It contains a court- house and jail, printing office, and about 60 dwell- ing houses. Here is a Lancasterian school. Pop. 508. Hillsborough, p-t. Orange co. Indiana. Hillsborough, small isl. near the E. c ca s Labrador. Lon. 61 20' W. Lat. 57*120' N. Hillsborough, r. Florida, which runs into the gulf of Florida. Lon. 81 30' W. Lat. 28 36' N. Hillsborough, or Espirttu Santo Tampa, bay, on the W. coast of Florida. It is the most spacious bay on that coast, has 24 feet water, is easy of access and well sheltered. 60 m. from Lake George. Lon. 83 W. Lat. 27 36' N. Hillsborough, t. Ireland, in Down co. 20 m. S. W. Belfast. Lon. 6 W Lat. 54 26' N. Hillsborough Bay, bay, on the N. coast of Dom- inica. Lon. 61 22'' W. Lat. 15 42' N. Hillsborough Bay, bay, on the S. coast of the island of St. John. Lon. 62 40' W. Lat. 46 10' N. Hillsborough Cape, on the N. E. coast of New- Holland. Lon. 148 44' E. Lat. 20 56' S. Hillsdale, p-t. Columbia co. N. Y. 16 m. E, Hudson, 35 S. E. Albany. Pop. 2,511. It is a large township, and contains 6 houses of public worship. Hill stein, t. Austrian Silesia, near the Oder, 15 m. E. Troppau. Hilltop, p-v. Charles co. Md. 44m.fr. Washing^ ton. Hilltown, t. Bucks co. Pa. Pop. 1,501. Hilpolsttin, t. Bavarian States, 27 m. N. Neu- burg, 19 S. Nuremburg. Hilton head, isl. on the coast of S. C. near the mouth of Savannah river. Lon. 80 20' VV. Lat. 32 10' N. Hilton's Point, on Piscataqua river, the S. E. point of the town of Dover, 7 m. fr. the sea. Hilversum, v. Holland, 6 m. S. Naarden. Pop. 3,400. Himaleh Mountains, a stupendous range of mountains, in Asia, the Imaus of the ancients. They commence near the borders of China, and running N. W. separate Hindostan from Tartary and Tibet, and passing into Persia, terminate near the borders of the Caspian sea. The Brahma- pootra, the Sutlej, and the western branch of the Indus, rise on the N. side of this chain. The re- maining branches of the Indus, the Jumna, am? 328 H I N ~the Ganges, rise on the S. side. Beyond the In- dus to the westward, the chain takes the name of Hindoo Koosh or Indian Caucasus, and Parapo- inisan mountains. The part east of the Indus is the proper Himaleh, and is 1400 miles long:, ex- tending from Ion. 74 to 94 E. Dawalageri, the highest summit in the range, is estimated at 27,677 feet, and is the highest on the globe. Himtra. Se Fiume G rande. Htmmdskron, v. Bavarian States, 8 m. E. Culm- bach. iV. St. Domingo, at the mouth of Guay- amuco, 64 m. N. W. St. Domingo, in N. lat. 19 3'. Hinchinbroke, Cape, on the N. W. coast of A- merica, at the entrance of Prince William's sound. Lon. 2 13 56' E. Lat. 60 16*' N. Hinchinbrook, t. Huntingdon co. Lower Cana- da, on the Province line, 40 m. S.W. Montreal. Hinchinbrook, t. Frontenac co. Up. Canada. Hinchinbrook Island, isl. on the N. W. coast of America, in Prince William's sound, about 50 miles in circumference. In Port Etches, on its S. \V. coast, the Russians have a settlement. Lon. 213 50' to 214 24' E. Lat. 60 24' N. Hinckhy, t. Eng. in Leicestershire, 13 m. S. W. Leicester. Lon. 1 22' W. Lat. 52 32 N. Pop. 6,058. Hindelbank, v. Swiss canton of Bern, 9 m. N. N. E. Bern. Hindelopen, t. Netherlands, in Friesland, on the Zuyder Zee, 25 m. S. \V. Leeuwarden. Lon. 5 25' E. Lat. 52 58' N. Hindencell, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 9 m. N. W. Whitby. Hindia, district, Hind, in Khandeish, between 22 and 23 N. lat. Hindia, the'capital, is on the S. bank of the Nerbuddah. Lon. 77 10' E. Lat. 2231'N. Hindley, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 2 m. S. E. Wi- gan. Pop. 2,962. Hindmund. See Heermund. Hindoe, large isl. near the coast of Norway. Lat. 68 36' N. Him/on, t. Eng. in Wiltshire, 15 m. W. Salisbu- ry. Lon. 2 7' W. Lat. 51 6' N. Hindone, t. Hind, in Agra. Lon. 77 E. Lat. 26 45' N. Hindoo Koh, or Hindoo Koosh. See Himaleh. Hindustan, country, Asia, comprehending, in its greatest extent, the countries between 65 and 95 E. Ion.; Kandahar and Assam having former- ly been reckoned in it. It is separated on the N. from Tibet and Tartary, by the Himaleh moun- tains. In 1707, Hindostan was divided into the following provinces, all of which still retain the names they then bore. We have annexed the states to which they now respectively belong : Cabul, including Kandahar and Cashmere The Afghans. Lahore, or Punjab Seiks. Moultan The Afghans, and several Hindoo or Seik chiefs. Sinde Several Mahometan chiefs. Delhi The British, and a number of Hindoo and Seik chiefs. Serinagur The rajah, for whom it has been late- ly recovered from the Nepaulese. Kapul The rajah of, called the Ghoorkhali. Bootan The Lama of Tibet. Assam The rajah of Assam. AjmeerThe rajahs of Odeypore, Jypore, Joud- H I O pore, and several other Hindoo chiefs, some oi whom are Mahrattas. Agra The British, Mahrattas, Jauts, and several other Hindoo chiefs. Oude The British, and Nabob of Oude. Allahabad The British, Mahrattas, and several Hindoo chiefs. Bahar British. Bengal British. Gujerat, including Cutch British, Mahrattas, and a number of independent petty chiefs. Malwah The Mahrattas, and several other Hin- doo chiefs. s Berar The Mahrattas and Nizam. Orissa British and Mahrattas. Khandesh Mahrattas. Dowlatabad or A urungabad -Mahrattas and Ni- zam. Golconda Nizam. Circars British. Bajapore, or Visiapore Mahrattas and Nieam. The country south of the Kistna, in 1707, was possessed by several independent chiefs. It is now divided into the following districts : Concan Belonging to the Mahrattas. Mysore Rajah of Mysore. Cochin Rajah of Cochin. Travancore Rajah of Travancore. The remainder of the country is now in the pos- session of the British, viz. Canara, including Bed- nore, Malabar, Culdapah, Adoni, Carnatic, Coim- betoor, Dindigul, Madura, and Tinevelly. The population, exclusive of the country west of the Indus, has been calculated to exceed 100,000,000. The bulk of these are idolaters, but are divided into three great sects or religions, viz. 1st, The worshippers of the Triad, Brahma, Vishnu, Siva. 2dly, The followers of Boodh. 3dly, The Jains. The next class in point of num- bers, are Mahometans, who may amount to one- eighth of the number of Hindoos. They are di- vided into the two great sects of Soonies and Shi- ahs. The third class are the Seiks, who possess the province of Lahore. Their religion is de- scribed as pure deism. The fourth class are Chris- tians : these are most numerous on the coast of Malabar. The fifth class are Jews : they princi- pally inhabit the western coast, and are divided into white and black Jews. The sixth are Par- sees, or followers'of Zoroaster : they are principal- ly to be found in Gujerat and Bombay. Hinesburg, p-t. Chittenden co. Vt. 12 m. S. E. Burlington. Pop. 1,332. Hingham, t. Eng. in Norfolk, 14 m. W. Nor- wich. Lon. 1 2' W. Lat. 62 35' N. Hingham, p-t. Suffolk co. Mass, on a small bay, which sets up S. from Boston bay, 14 m. S. E. Bos- ton. Pop. 2,857. It contains 3 churches, and a well-endowed academy. Hinlopen Straits, channel of the North sea, be- tween North-east Land and Spitzbergen. Hinojosa, t. Spain, in Cordova, 18 m. N. Llere- na. Pop. 4,000. Hinsdale, formerly Fort Dummer, p-t. Cheshire co. N. H. on Connecticut river, at the confluence of the Ashuelot, 55 m. S. W. Concord. Pop. 890. Hinsdale, p-t. Berkshire co. Mass. 15 m. N. E. Lenox. Pop. 822. Hinsdale, p-t. Cataraugus co. N. Y. Hinsuan. See Joanna. Hiorring, t. Denmark, in North Jutland, 27 m. N. N. W. Aalborg. Lon. 100'28" E. Lat. 57 27' 44" N. H I S Hiortoe, small isl. Denmark. Lon. 10 30' E. Lat. 5453'N. Hipperholme, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 2i m. from Halifax. Pop. 3,357. Hiram, p-t. Oxford co. Maine, on Saco river, 34 m. S. VV. Paris. Pop. 700. Hiram, p-t Portage co. Ohio, on Cuyahoga riv- er, 12 m. N. E. Ravenna. Pop. 296. Hirlaw, or Harlev, t. Moldavia, on the river Bachlui, 35 m. N. W. Jassy. Lon. 27 6' E. Lat. 4724'N. Hirschau, t. Bavarian States, in Franconia, 6 m. N. E. Amberg. Pop. 893. Hirschbergi t. Silesia, at the confluence of the Bober and the Zacke. It is the most commercial place in the country next to Breslau ; the chief source of support to the inhabitants is the trade in linen and lawn ; 23 m. W. S. W. Jauer, 35 W. Schweidnitz. Pop. 6,000. Hirsckberg, t. Saxony, in Reuss, on the Saale, 14m. S.VV. Plauen. Hinchfdd, district, Hesse-Gassel. Extent, 168 sq. miles. Pop. 22,0'JO. Hirschfeld, t. Hesse-Cassel, cap. of the above district, on the Fulda, which is here navigable ; 25 m. N. Fulda. Pop. 5,500. Hirscftholm,v. Denmark, 14 m. N. Copenhagen. Hirschhorn, t. Hesse-Darmstadt, on the Neckar, 7 m. E. Heidelberg. Pop. 2,100. Hirson, t. France, in Aisne, on the Oise, 27 m. N. N. E. Laon. Pop. 2,150. Hirsmoa, or Kerschova, t. Eu. Turkey, on the Danube, 45 m. N.E. Silistria, 64 S.W. Ismail. Hirzliolmen, or Hers/iolm, three small islands of Denmark, in the Cattegat. Lon. 10 24' E. Lat. 573i'N. Hisensen, isl. Sweden, at the mouth of the Go- tha-Elf/Lon. 11 4' 8"E. Lat. 57 45' N. Hupaniolu, Hayti, or St. Domingo, one of the largest and most fertile of the West India islands, 390 miles long from E. to W. and from 60 to 150 broad. Lat. 17 37' to 20 N. This island was formerly divided between the French and Span- iards, the French occupying the western, and the Spaniards the eastern part ; but the French have been expelled by the negroes, and the part which they occupied is called Hayti. The island in general is well watered and fertile, producing al- most every variety of vegetable produce. The French part of the island is for the most part mountainous, and abounds with forests. It com- prehends 2,500,000 acres, of which 1,500,000 were in high cultivation before the revolution in 1789. The Spanish part of the island contains about 3,200 sq. leagues. It consists chiefly of plains, of unrivalled fertility, and watered by numerous nav- igable rivers, but, owing to the indolence of the Spaniards, it is occupied chiefly by herds of do- mestic animals, such as swine, horses, and horned cattle, which have been allowed to run wild, and have multiplied beyond all computation. The population of the French part of the island in 1 7o9, according to the estimate of Edwards, was whites, 24,000 free people of color, and 480,000 negro slaves. The Spanish part contained in 1 7 ';.-,, according to census, 152,640 ; in 1798, ac- cording to Alccdo, 125,000, of whom 110,000 were free, and 15,000 slaves. In 1789, the French em- mthe trade of St. Domingo 710 vessels, navigated by 18,466 seamen. The value of the exports in 1791, was 5,371,593. The principal articles were coffee to the amount of 84,617,338 pounds ; sugar, 217,463 casks j indigo, 3,257,610 42 HOC 329 pounds; cocoa, 1,536,01 7 pounds; cotton, 11,317,226 pounds. Since the revolution, the commerce has greatly declined. From 1804 to 1808, according to Walton, only about 75 vessels arrived annually, with cargoes amounting to about 150,000 sterling. The revolution commenced in 1791, when the blacks rose by common consent against their mas- ters, and rendered the whole French part of the island a scene of massacre and devastation. The independence of Hayti was proclaimed on the 1st of July, 1801. After the expulsion of the French, a regular government was formed by the blacks, who soon divided into parties, under two rival chiefs, president Petion and king Christophe, the former occupying the southern part of the island, and the latter the northern part. These chiefs are now both dead, and the island has become the theatre of new revolutions. Various propositions have been made by France, for the purpose of bringing the inhabitants to their former subjec- tion, but they have all been rejected with disdain. Hissar Feroseh, district of Hindostan, in Delhi, between 28 and 30 N. lat. on the W. side of the Jumna. Hissar Ferozeh, the capital, is in Ion/ 7553'E. lat. 28 41 'N. Hitchin^ t. Eng. in Hertford, 16 m. S. E. Bed- ford, 34 N. London. Pop. 3,608. Hilhe. See Hytke. Hitteroe, island on the coast of Norway. Lat. 6332'N. Pop. 3,700. Hiwassee, r. Tennessee, which rises in Georgia, and joins Tennesse river 70 m. above the Suck, or passage through the Raccoon mountain. The A moy, one of its head waters, interlocks with a branch of Mobile river. See Connesaugah. Hizacker, t. Hanover, in Luneburg, on the Jetze, near its influx into the Elbe, 3 m. N. Dane- burg. Hoangho, or Yettow River, a great river of Chi- na, which rises in the mountains of Tibet, and af- ter a course of 1,800 miles through Tartary and China, runs into the Eastern sea, in Ion. 1 19 44' E. lat. 34 5' N. It is broad and rapid, but so shal- low that it is hardly navigable. Hobarl Point, the N. W. point at the entrance into port Houghton on the N. W. coast of Ameri- ca. Lat. 57 17' N. Hobart town, t. and cap. of Van Dieman's Land, on the W. bank of the Derwent, 12 m. from its mouth. Hobbies Keys, islets in the Spanish Main, near the Musquito shore. Lon. 82 50' W. Lat. 12 18'N. HoWshole. See Tappahannock. Hoboken, p-t. Bergen co. N. J. on the Hudson, 7 m. above New- York. Hobroe, t. Denmark, in Jutland, 16 m. N. E. Wiborg. Lon. 9 49 ; E. Lat. 56 38' N. Hoccanum, r. Ct. which runs into the Con- necticut at East Hartford, and affords many mill seats. Hochenmauern, t. Lower Austria, on the Drave, 25 m. W. Marburg. Hochfdden, t. France, 12 m. N. W. Strasburg. Hochheim, t. in the dutchy of Nassau, celebrated for its wine, familiarly termed Hock, 20 m. W. Frankfort. 4 N. E. Mentz. Hochkirch, v. Saxony, in Upper Lusatia, 6 m. S. E. Budissin. Hochland, or Hogland, small isl. of the Baltic. Lon. 27 E. Lat. 60 3' N. H'trhou, a walled cit v of China, in the province of Kiang-nan, about three miles from the bank of 330 H O H the Yang-tse-kiang ; 32 m. S. W. Nanking. Lon. 118 1 4' E. Lat. 29" 57 N. Hoclist, t. Germany, in Nassau, on the Maine, 6m. W. Frankfort. Hochstadt, t. Bavarian states, 13 m. S. of Bam- l.er-. Pop. 1,300. Hnchstadt, t. Bavarian states, at the influx of the Egwied into the Danube. It has been the scene of repeated conflicts ; 19 m. N. W. Augsburg, 29 W. Ncuberg. Lon. 10 33' E. Lat. 48 36' N. Pop. 2,300. ftockhodnng, r. Ohio, which runs into the Ohio at Troy. 'J5 in. below Marietta. Near its source is a perpendicular fall of about 40 feet, and 25 miles below, another of 7 feet. With these inter- ruptions, the river is navigable 70 miles. At the upper falls are several mills. Hocking, co. Ohio, formed in 1818. Sq. miles 432. Pop. 2,130. Engaged in agriculture 380, in commerce 1, in manufactures 30. Chief town, Logan. Hocking, t. Fairfield co. Ohio, in which is Lan- caster, the seat of justice for the county. Pop. 2,236. Hockliffe, hamlet, Eng. in Bedfordshire. Hoddtsdon, t. Eng. inHertford, l7m.N. London. Pop. 1,249. Hoedic, small isl. France opposite the mouth of the Vilaine. Lon. 2 46' E. Lat. 47 41' N. Hof, Hojf, or Stadt sum Hof, t. Bavarian states, on the Saale, 22 m. N. N. E. Bayreuth, 46 N. E. Bamberg. Lon. 11 50' E. Lat. 50 18' N. Pop. 5,000. H'S, t. Moravia, 14 m. W. Troppau. Hop, t. East Prussia, 4 m. S. Landsberg. Hofgeismar. See Geismar. Hog island, isl. Vt. in Lake Champlain, annex-^ ed to Franklin co. Hog island, isl. R. I. in Narraganset bay, 2 m. from "Bristol. Hog island, isl. off the coast of Java. Lon. 1 14 55' E. Lat. 7 5' S. Hog island, small isl. on the W. coast of India. Lon. 74 36' E. Lat. 14 # N. Hog river, r. Ohio, which runs into the Au- glaize, 30 m. above its mouth. Ho^s Head, Ireland, the E. cape at the entrance BalKnaskellingbay. Lon. 10 15' W. Lat.5145' N. Hoghton, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 6 m. W. Black- burn. HugJand. See Hochland. Hogsio, t. Sweden, on the gailf of Bothnia, 14 m. M. K.W.Hernosand. Hogsties, dangerous reef of rocks among the Ba- hamas. Lon. 73 50' W. Lat. 21 40' N. Hague, La, t. on the N. coast of France, in La Manche. In the neighbourhood of this town took place the famous sea-fight of May, 1692, in which the French fleet was defeated by the English. 8 m. K. N. i:. Nalospcs, 5 S. Barfleur. Lon. 1 11' W. Lat. 49' :3V N. Pop. 2,(K)0. Hogyerz, t. Hungary, inTolna, 78m. S. by W. BwV' Pop. 3,000. Hohenasperg, v. and fort, Wirtemberg, on the Neckar, m. N'. Stutgard. H hcuberg, aco-inty ofSuabia, now belonging to Wirtemberg, situated in the Black Forest. Iron mines abound throughout. Hohenelbe, or WircJilaby, t. Bohemia, on the Elbe, 62 m. E. N. E. Prague. Pop. 2, 100. Hohenfurth, v. Bohemia, on the Moldau, 99m. S. Prague. Hehenlinden, T. Bavaria. 20 ra. E. Munich, re- H O L markable for the defeat of the Austrian army, 3d December, 1800, by the French, under Moreau. Hohenlohe, district in the west of Germany, forming (since 1806 and 1809; apart of the king- dom of Wirtemberg. Hohenstmiffen, t. Wirtemberg, 18 m. fr. Stut- gard. Pop. 863. Lon. 9 42' E. Lat. 48 44' N. Hohenslein,-A county of Saxony, adjacent to An- halt, now divided between Hanover and Prussia. Hohenstein, t. Saxony, 7 m. E. Glaucha, 7 W, Chemnitz. Pop. 3,000. Hohenstein, t. West Prussia, 66 m. S. S. W. Konigsberg. Pop. 1,100. Hohentwiel, fortress belonging to Wirtemberg, formerly a celebrated place ; but the works were blown up by the French in 1800. 6 m. N. W. Ru- dolfszell, 9 N. E. Schaffhausen. Hohenu-arth, t. Bavaria, on the Paar, 28 m. N. N. W. Munich. Pop. 895. Hohensollern, a small sovereignty in the S. W. of Germany, surrounded by Baden and Wirtem- berg, and divided into the two principalities of Hechingen and Sigmaringen. Pop. 54,000. Hokesville, p-t. Lincoln co. N. C. Holavia, one of the Hapae islands, in the Pa- cific, 30 m. N. N. E. Annamooka. Lon. 185 36' E. Lat. 19"52'N. Holar. See Holum. Holbeach, t. Eng. in Lincolnshire, 12 m. S. Bos- ton, 105 N. London. Lon. 2' E. Lat. 52 49 N. Pop. 2,962. Holbeck, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 1 m. fr. Leeds. Pop. 5,124. Holbeck, s-p. Denmark, in the island of Zealand, 36 m. W. of Copenhagen. Lon. 11 41' 57" E. Lat. 55 42' 50'' N. Holbourn Head, cape, Scotland. Lon. 3 21' W. Lat. 5830'N. Holden, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 6 m. N. Wor- cester. Pop. 1,402. Holderness. See Yorkshire. Holderness, t. Grafton co. N. H. on the Merri- mack, 35 m. N. Concord. Pop. 1,160. Holdsu-orthy, t. Eng. in Devonshire, 47 m. N. W. Exeter. Lon. 4 20' W. Lat. 50 49' N. Hole creek, r. Ohio, which runs into the E. side of the Miami, in Montgomery county. Hole Town, t. Barbadoes. Lon. 58 31' W. Lat. 13 12' N. Hole in the Wall, v. Talbot co. Md. 7 m. S. Easton. Holenburg, t. Lower Austria, on the Danube, 33 m. W. by N. Vienna. Holeschau, t. Moravia, in Prerau, 22 m. S. S. E. Olmutz. Pop. 4,300. Holidaysburgh, t. Huntingdon co. Pa. Pop. 74. Holitsch, t. Hungary, on the Morawa, 34 m. S. E Brunn in Moravia, 45 N. of Presburg. Pop. 4,000. Holland, Eng. See Lincolnshire. Holland, a maritime province of the Nether- lands. The name is frequently given to the seven provinces inhabited by the Dutch ; but these are all included in the new kingdom of the Nether- lands. The province of Holland is bounded on the W. by the German ocean, S. by Zealand, E. by the Zuyderzee nnd the province of Utrecht. Extent, 2, 100 sq. miles. Pop. in 1732, more than 900,000 ; in 1796, 828,500 ; in 1817, 748,000. It i? divided into the two governments of South and North Holland ; the former contains 1,170 square miles, with 389,000 inhabitants ; while North Holland, which, in official papers, is called by its H O L ancient name of West Friesland, contains 930 square miles, with 359,000 inhabitants. The na- tional religion is Calvinism ; but there is a Lu- theran congregation in every town of consequence, and among the lower classes, the Catholics are nu- merous. The whole province of Holland is a con- tinued flat, and lies so low as to be under the level of the sea at high water: the tide is prevented from flowing in, by means of dikes and natural sand banks. These dikes are of great extent, generally 30 feet above the level of the adjoining land, and 20 or 30 feet in breadth at the top, and the imposts necessary to keep them in repair are very heavy. The numerous canals and ditches which traverse the province in all directions are likewise provided with dikes. The soil is in general rich, consisting of a deep fat loam. The agricultural wealth of the province consists in its pastures. Horned cattle and sheep are abundant. Holland, t. Orleans co. Vt. 56 m. N. Montpelier. Pop. 100. Holland, t. Hampden co. Mass. 20 m. E. Spring- field. Pop. 453. Holland, t. Erie co. N. Y. Pop. 768. Holland islands, Md. in Chesapeake bay, S. of Hooper's island, and N. of Smith's island. Holland, New. See New Holland. Holland's point, Md. on the western shore of the Chesapeake, the S. point at the entrance of Herring bay Lon. 76 40' W. Lat. 38 30' N. Holland, Port, harbour in the straits of Magel- lan. Lon. 71 28' W. Lat. 53 42' S. Holland, Prussian, t. E. Prussia, on the Weeske, 14 m. S. E. Elbing. Lon. 19 40' E. Lat. 54 I' N. Pop. 3,100. Holland, Up, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 5 m. W. by S. Wigan. Pop. 2,663. Hollanderoeeler, Irsecat, small isl. near the W. coast of East Greenland. Lon. 46 25' W. Lat. 68 38' N. Holies, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 9 m. S. Am- herst, 32 S. Concord, 40 N. W. Boston. Pop. 1,543. Hollfeld, t Franconia, on the Wiesent, 15 m. E. Bamberg, 16 W. Bayreuth. Holliday cove, p-v. Brooke co. Va. Hollidaysburg, p-v. Huntingdon co. Pa. Hollinsworlh's ferry, p-v. Mason co. Va. Hollis, or Phillipsburg, p-t. York co. Maine, on Saco river, 42m. N. York. Pop. 1,762. HoUiston, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 27 m. S. W. Boston. Pop. 1,042. Holmanstown. See Mexico. Holme, a parish of Scotland, in Orkney, on the S. E. coast ef Pomona. It gives name to Holme sound, a beautiful and well-frequented frith, lead- ing into the German ocean by Stromness. Holmesburg, p-t. Philadelphia co. Pa. Holmes, Flat and Sleep, two small islands in the Bristol channel, 3 leagues S. Caerdiff. Holmes'' Hole, p-v. in Tisbury, Dukes co. Mass, on the island of Martha's-vineyard, 9 m. from Fal- mouth, 91 S. E. Boston. The harbour is spacious and safe, and vessels bound to the eastward are of- ten detained here, waiting for a fair wind, to ena- bln thorn to pass the shoals off Cape Cod. The village contains a meeting-house, and about 70 houses. Holmeslrand, t Norway, on the Dramsfiord, 30 m. S. Cfarirtiaai*. Pop. 863. Holmesville, p-t and cap. Pike co. Mississippi. Holttebroe, t. Denmark, in Jutland, 24 m. N. Wjborg. Lat 56 22- N. H O L 331 Holstein, a dutchy in the north of Germany, be- longing to Denmark, and bounded by the German ocean and the Elbe on theW. and S.; the Baltic on E. and Sleswick on the N. Extent, 3,250 square miles. Pop. in 1818, including Lauenburg, 360,000. The prevailing religion is the Lutheran. The productions are wheat, barley, and oats, po- tatoes, hemp, and flax, with some hops and fruit ; but its chief wealth is in its pastures. It pos- sesses vast numbers of horses and horned cattle. The chief exports are cattle, horses, cheese, and butter. The king of Denmark, on account of this dutchy and Lauenburg, is a member of the Germanic con- federation, and has three votes in the general as- sembly, and a place, the tenth in rank, at the or- dinary diet. The interior constitution of Holstein is at present (1819) under discussion at the court of Copenhagen, and likely to receive a material improvement. Holston, r. Tennessee, which rises in Virginia, and running S. W. unites with Clinch river at Kingston, to form the Tennessee. It is deep, and is navigable 70 miles, with the interruption of a fall of 7 feet. Near its source, 7 m. N.W. Lancaster, there is a fall of 40 feet. Holt, hamlet, Eng. in Wilts, 3m. N. E. Brad- ford. Holt,t. Wales, in Denbighshire, on the Dee, 10 m. 6. Chester. Holt, t. Kng. in Norfolk. Pop. 1,037. 24 m. N. W. Norwich. Lon. 1 5' E. Lat. 52 54' N. Holt's Island, small isl. in the Pacific. Lon. 143* 47' W Lat. 16 12' S. Holten, v. Netherlands, in Overyssel, 14m. S. E. Wesel. Pop. 3,000. Holum, or Holar, t. Iceland. Lon. 15 W. Lat. 654'2'N. Holy Island, isl. of the German ocean, on the coast of England, 8 m. S E. Berwick-upon-T weed. It is also called Lindisfarne. It was formerly a bishop's see, and here are the ruins of a monastery. Lon. 1 48' W. Lat. 55 40' N. Hob/cross, t. Eng in Worcestershire, ^ m. from Pershore. Holyhead, s-p. Wales, on the N. W. point of the H isle of Anglesey. The packets sail regularly from this place to Dublin. Six packets are in the con- stant employment of the post -office. Between Ho- lyhead and Dublin, the distance is 20 leagues, and the passage is usually made in 12 hours. Pop. 3,005. 278 m. N. W. London. Lon. 4 38' W. 5319'N. Holyoke, mountain in Hadley, Mass. 3 m. S. E. Northampton. It is 830 feet above the level of Connecticut river, and is famous for the extensive and beautiful view, which it affords of the surround- ing country. Holy-well, t. Wales, in Flintshire, formerly an inconsiderable village, but now become, from the mineral riches, and the vast manufactures carried on in the neighbourhood, a flourishing town. It is near the great lead mines. The town takes its name from the remarkable Holy Well of St. Wini- fred, one of the finest and most copious springs in the kingdom, and which becomes at once a consid- erable stream, discharging every minute 84 hogs- heads of water. Pop. 6,394. 11 m. E. St. Asaph, 5i W. Flint, 207 N. W. London. Lon. 3 13' W. Lat. 55 16' N. Holzapfel,t. dutchy of Nassau, 4 m. E. \a?san. Holzminden,t. Germany, in the states of Bruns- wick, at the confluence of the Wesec and the Holz. 332 H O N It has large iron works. 3 m. N. E. Corvcy, 20 W. Grubenhagen. Pop. 3,300. Hamburg in Hesse, t. Hesse-Cassel, on the Elze, 20 m. S. Cassel. Pop. 2,900. Homburg. See Hesse-Homburc. Homburg, t. Bavarian circle of the Rhine, 5 m. N. N. W. Deux Pouts. Pop. 1,761. Lon. 8 15' E. Lat. 49 20' N. Homburg on Ihe Height, i. Germany, cap. of the principality of Hesse-Homburg, on the Lahn, 9 m. N. Frankfort Lon. 8 32' E. Lat. 50 15' N. Pop. 3,000. Homburs; on the Ohm, t. Hesse-Darmstadt, 1 1 m. S. E. Marburg. Lon. 9 1' E. Lat. 50 43' N. Home, district,Up. Canada, comprising the coun- tie? of York and Simcoe. Homer, p-t. and cap. Courtlandt co. N. Y.26 m. S. Onondaga, 40 N. Owego, 145 W. Albany. Pop. 5.504. The village is built on a fine plain on the bauk of the Tioughnioga, and contains a court- house and jail, a'church, a printing-office and about 70 houses. Homer, t. Athens co. Ohio. Pop. 199. Homochillo, r. Mississippi, which flows S. W. about 70 miles, and joins the Mississippi above Fort Adams. Honan, a province of China, W. of Kiangnan, and watered by the great river Hoangho. Honan,city in the centre of China, considered by the Chinese as the centre of the world. Lon. 112? 9' E. Lat. 34 44' N. Honarer. See Onore. Honda, t. New Granada, on the Magdalena ; 56 m. N. W. Santa Fe. Lon. 74 54' W. Lat. 5 12' N. Honda, Bay of, on the coast of S. America, in Santa Martha. Lon. 7 1 6 ' W. Lat. 12 N. Honda Bay, bay on the N. coast of Cuba, 70 m. W. Havannah. Lon. 83 25' W. Lat. 22 58' N. Honda Bay, bay on the E. coast of Honduras, N. of Cape Graciasa Dios. Hondo, r. Mexico, in Texas, which runs S. S. E. and enters the bay of Mexico. Hondschoote, t. France, dep. of the North, 11 m. S. E. Dunkirk. Pop. 3,200. Honduras, t. Cuba, 63 m. N. E. Bayamo. Lon. 76 4' W. Lat 21 21' N. Honduras^ province of Guatimala, bounded N. by the bay of Honduras, VV. by Vera-Paz, E. by the Caribbean sea, and S. by the province of Nicaragua. It is 390 miles long from E. to W. and 150 from N. to S. The soil is of great fertility, producing in abundance all sorts of trop- ical fruits and vegetables. They have three crops of maize in the year. Honey, wool, cotton, wax, mahogany, and log- wood with other dyeing drugs, are its chief products. Honduras, bay of, a large bay of N. America, formed by the coast of the province of Honduras on the S. and that of Yucatan on the W. It is well known from the settlements which the British have made in it, for the cutting down of mahogany and dye-woods. The principal rs the town of Balize, on the coast of Yucatan, at the mouth of Balize river. Honduras Cape, or PuntaWe Custilla, cape, on the E. side of the gulf of Honduras. Lon. 86 16' W. Lat. 16 N. Honeoy. See Richmond. Honeoy, lake, in Richmond, Ontario co. N. Y. 5 miles long and 1 broad. Honeoy creek, its outlet, flows into Genessee river, in Rush. H O O Honey creek, Ohio, which runs into Sauduskv river, 15 m. from Upper Sandusky. Honey creek, Indiana, runs into theE. side of the \Vabash, below Fort Harrison. Honey brook, i. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 1,322. Hoiifleur, t. France, in Calvados, on the left bank of the Seine, opposite Havre de Grace. It has a good harbour, and considerable trade. Pop. 9,600. 30 m. N. E. Caen. Lon. 14' E. Lat 49 25' N. Honheim, t. Bavaria, on the Danube, 5 m. S. S. W. Ratisbon. Honimao, or Uliasser, one of the Molucca isl- ands. Lon. 129 2' E. Lat. 3 30 7 S. Honilon, t. Kng. in Devonshire, on the Otter. It is a borough, and send? '2 members to parliament. Pop. 2,735. 16 m. E. Exeter, 156 S. W. London. Lon. 3 11' W. Lat. 50 48' N. Honley, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 3 m. S. Hudders - field. Pop. 2,918. Honorat. See Lerins. Hontaux, t. France, in Landes, 4 m. S. Ville- neuve de Marsan. Pop. 1,132. Hoobly. See Hubbely, Hood's Bay, a harbour of Admiralty island, in Chatham Strait. Lon. 225 36' E. Lat. 57 26' N. Hood's Island, isl. in the Pacific. Lon. 138 52' W. Lat. 9 26' S. Hood, Point, cape on the N. W. coast of Ameri- ca. Lat. 56 44' N. Hoogeveen, t. Netherlands, in Drenthe, 14 m. W. N. W. Coevorden. Pop. 4,350. Hooglede, t. Netherlands in South Brabant, 12 m. N. E. Ypres. Pop. 3,500. Hoogly, an extensive district of Bengal, between 21 and 23 N. lat. and extending a considerable distance on both sides of the river Bhagarutty. It contains all the principal towns belonging to the European nations who have settlements in Ben- gal. Hoogly, t. Bengal, and for a considerable period the capital of the district, is on the W. bank of the Bhagarutty river, 20 m. N. Calcutta, 75 S. Moor- shedabad. Hoogly River, properly the Bhagarutty, r. Ben- gal, the western outlet of the Ganges. It leaves the main stream at Sooty, and passing by Hoogly, and Calcutta, runs into the bay of Bengal, in Ion. 88 E. lat. 21 40' N. The entrance is extremely dangerous and difficult, by reason of numerous sand-banks, which are frequently shifted. Hookset falls, in Merrimack river, N. H. 8 m. be- low Concord, and 8 above Amoskeag falls. Here is a bridge across the river, and a small village, with a post-office. Hookstown, v. Md. 6 m. N. W. Baltimore. Hookslown, p-v. Green co. N. C. Hooktown, v. Talbot co. Md. 3 m. N. Easton. Hoofy Onore,i. India, in Mysore. Lon. 75 41' E Lat'. 13 44' N. Hoonza-hapaee, and Hongatonga, 4 small isl- ands in the Pacific. Lon. 20 S2 7 S. Hooper's Island, small isl. Md. in Chesapeake bay, annexed to Dorchester co. Hoorn, s-p. Holland, on the Zuyderzee. Its har- bour is the best on the coast of that sea, and the trade is extensive. Pop. 9,000. 14 m. E. Alk- maar, 20 N. N. E.Amsterdam. Lon. 5 E. Lat. 52 40' N. Hoorn Islands, two islands in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 171 30' E. Lat. 15 S. Hoorn'* Island, small island at the E. entrance HOP of the straits of Sunda. Lon. 106' 24' E. Lat. 5 44' S. Hoosack, mt. in Williamstown, Berkshire co. Mass, one of the loftiest summits of the Green Mountains. Hoosack, r. which rises in Vermont, and passing into New- York, joins the Hudson, 8 in. above Lansingburgh. In the town of Hoosack the river falls 40 feet. At this spot is a village and several mills. Hoosack, p-t. Rensselaer co. N. Y. 20 m. N. E. Troy, 26 from Albany. Pop. 3,373. Hop bottom, p-v. Susquehannah co. Pa. Hope, t. Gaspe co Lower Canada, on Chaleur bay. Hope, t. Durham co. Up. Canada, on Lake On- tario. Hope, t. Lincoln co. Maine, 35 m. N. E. Wiscas- set. Pop. 1,179. Hope, small isl. Rhode-Island, in Narraganset bay. Hope, t. Hamilton co. N. Y. Pop. 608. Hope, p-t. Sussex co. N. J. Hope, bay, on the N. W. coast of America. Lat. 49 33' N. Hopedale, one of the Missionary settlements of the United Brethren, on the coast of Labrador, S. of Okkak. See Labrador. Hopefield,t. Phillips co, Arkansas Territory, on the Mississippi, opposite Chickasaw Bluffs. Pop. 498. Hope Island. See Vavao. Hope Islands, 2 small islands near the N. E. coast of New-Holland. Lon. 214 36' W. Lat. 15 41' S. Hopeville, p-t. Otsego co. N. Y. Hopewell, t. Westmoreland co. New Brunswick, on the Chepodie river, which runs into the bay of Fundy. Hopewell, t. Ontario co. N. Y. taken from the township of Gorham. Pop about 2,000. 12 m. W. Geneva, 4 E. Canand;r.: : \a. Hopewell, t. Cumberland co. N. J. Pop. 1,952. Hoptwell, t. Huntorcum co. N. J. on Delaware river, 11 m. N. Trenton, 14 W. Princeton. Pop. 2,881. Hopewell, t.Yorkco. Pa. Pop. 1,630. Hopeu-ell, t. Cumberland co. Pa. Pop. 820. Hopewell, p-t. Bedford co. Pa. Pop. 1,327. Hopewell, t. Huntingdon ro. Pa. Pop. 1,047. Hopewell, t. Washington co. Pa. Pop. 2,186. Hopewell^ t. Beaver co. Pa. Pop. 1,035. Hopewell, p-v. York district, S. C. Hoptwell, t. Licking co. Ohio. Pop. 657. Hopeu-ellj t. Perry co. Ohio, 5 m. N. Somerset. Pop. 137. Hopewell, t. Muskingum co. Ohio, 10 m. W. Zanesville. Pop. 1,259. Hopkins, co. Ken. Pop. 5,322. Slaves 982. Engaged in agriculture 1,443, in commerce 11, in manufactures 77. Chief town, Madisonville. Hopkins, Point, cape on the N. W. coast of America. Lat. 53 5' N. Hopkinscille, t Caledonia co. Vt. 36 m. N. E. Montpelier. HopkintviU^p-v. Powhattan co. Va. Hopkinsville, p-t. and cap. Christian co. Ken. The public buildings are a court-house, jail and an academy. Pop. 1,500. Hopkinsoitle, t. and cap. of a county in Missou- sntamaa brick court-house and 120 dwel- ling houses. H O R 333 Hopkinton, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 7 m. W. Concord, 42 E. Charleston. Pop. 2,437. The courts of the county are held alternately here and at Amherst. Hopkinton, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 30 m. S. W, Boston. Pop. 1,655. Hopkinton, p-t. Washington co. R. I. 30 m. S.W. Providence. Pop. 1,821. Hopkinton, p-t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. 40 m. E. Ogdensburg. Pop. 581. Horb, t. Wirtemberg, on the Neckar, 20 m. N. N. W. Hohenburg. Horbury, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 2 m. S. W. Wakefield. Pop. 2,356. Horde, t. Prussian Westphalia, on the Roer, 3 m. S. Dortmund. Horeb, mt. Arabia Petrea, celebrated in Scrip- ture history, is immediately W. of Mount Sinai, and forms part of the same chain of hills. Horeb, p-v. Jasper co. Geo. Horgen, t. Swiss canton of Zurich, 10 m. S. S.E. Zurich. Pop. 3,300. Horka. See Brodecz. Hormigos, Los, or The dnts, rocks, off the N, E. coast of Jamaica. Lon. 75 40' W. Lat. 18 25' N. Hormillos, Los, small isl. near the coast of Peru, Lat. 16 45' S. Horn, t. Westphalia, in Lippe, 11 m. N. Fader- born. Pop. 4,800. Hornberg, t. Germany, in Baden, 17 m. N. E. Freyberg. Hamburg, t. Prussian Saxony, on the Us, 18 m. W. N. W. Halberstadt. Pop. 2,400. Hornby, t. Eng. in Lancashire, on the river Loyne, 10m. N. E. Lancaster. Horn, Cape, a celebrated promontory off the S, coast of TiJrra del Fuego, and the most southern extremity of South America. It is the south point of a group of Islands, called Hermite Islands. It was formerly coasidered dangerous to double this cape, but it is now the common course of all ves- sels, being found preferable in all respects to the tedious passage through the straits of Magellan Lon. 67 46' W. Lat. 55 58' S. Horncastle, t. Eng. in Lincolnshire, on the river Bane, which is navigable to Witham. 21 m. E. Lincoln. Pop. 2,622. Hornchnrch, t. Eng. in Essex, 14 m. E. London. Horneburg, t. Hanover, in Bremen, on the Aue, 9 m. S. E. Stade. Hornellsville, t. Steuben co. N. Y. Hornhausen, v. Prussian Saxony, 20 m. N. W. Halberstadt. Hornhead, cape, on the N. coast of Ireland. Lon. 7 51' W. Lat. 55 13' N. Horn Island, on the coast of Mississippi, W. of Dauphin island. It is 17 miles long. Hornoy, t. France, in Somme, 20 m. W. Amiens. Hornsea, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 15 m. N. Hull. Hornsey, v. Eng. in Middlesex, 5 m. N. London. Pop. 3,350. Horntown, p-v. Accomacco. Va. 16 m. S. Snow- hill. Horp, Le, t. France, in Mayenne, 8 m. N. W. Vilaine. Horry, district, S. C. Pop. 5,025. Slaves, 1,434. Engaged in agriculture, 1,275, in commerce 2, in manufactures 157. Horse, one of the smaller Orkney islands. Lon. 231'W. Lat. 58 59' N. 334 HOT Horse Islands, small islands near the E. coast of Newfoundland. Lon. 55 30' W. Lat. 50 25' N. Horseneck, v. in Greenwich, Fairfield co. Ct. It was settled originally by the Dutch. In 1646, the Dutch defeated the Indians at this place, after a severe battle. Horstneck, cape, N. Y. on the N. side of Long Island, which forms the E. point at the entrance of Huntington bay. Horseneck, v. Essex co. N. J. on the S. side of the Passaic, 4 m. S. W. Patterson. Horsens, s-p. Jutland, on the Cattegat, 19 m.S. S. W. Aarhuus. Lon. 952'E. Lat. 55 52' N. Pop. 2,400. Horse shoe, p-t. Randolph co. Va. Horsforth, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 3 m. N. W. Leeds. Pop. 2,315. Horsham, t. Eng. in Sussex, on the Adur. It is a borough, and returns 2 members to parliament. Pop. 2,839. 20 m. N.W. Brighton, 36 S. London. Lon. 20' W. Lat. 51 4' N. Horsham, p-t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop. 1,081. Horst, t. Netherlands, in Limburg, 8 m. N. N. W. Venloo. Hortes, t. France, in Upper Marne, 9 m. E. Langres. Horton, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 2 m. S. W. Brad- ford. Pop. 4,423. Horvos, isl. in the gulf of Mexico, near the N. coast of Yucatan. Lon. 70 5' W. Lat. 21 10' N. Horwick, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 5 m. N. W. Great Bolton. Pop. 2,374. Horzitz, t. Bohemia, 13 m. N. N. W. Konigin- gratz. Pop. 2,400. Horzoivitz, t. Bohemia, 28 m. S. W. Prague. Hospital, or Rainesford, isl. Mass, in Boston harbor, annexed to Hingham, 6 m. S. E. Boston. At this place vessels perform quarantine, and there is a hospital for seamen. Hossein Mdaul, t. Hind, in Lahore. Lon. 71 43' E. Lat. 33 N. Hnsso Durga, t. India, in Canara. Lon. 75* 13' E. Lat. 12 16' N. Hossobetta, t. India, in Canara. Lon. 75 E. Lat. 12 42' N. Hostalric, t. Spain, in Catalonia, on the Tor- dera, 36 m. E. N. E. Barcelona, 20 S. S. W. Ge- rona. Hosterlilz, t. Moravia, 30 m. W. by S. Auster- litz. Hostimuri,t. Mexico, 80 m. S. Sonera. Hot springs, p-v. Bath co. Va. See Bath county. Hottentots, a people who inhabit the S. part of Africa. Their country extends eastward along the sea coast from the Cape of Good Hope, to the territory of the Kaffres, and is bounded N. by the Orange river,which separates it from the country of theBoshuanasandDamaras. There are three races: the inhabitants of the colony, the Bosjesmans, and the Namaquas. The Hottentots of the colony are about 15,000 in number. They are a mild, quiet, and timid people, perfectly harmless, honest, and faithful, but naturally the most lazy people on earth. Their indolence is a real disease ; they will rather fast and sleep the whole day, than seek food by any exertion. The Bosjesman Hottentots inhabit the most inaccessible parts of the Sneuw- berg and Nieuweldt mountains, which form the northern boundary of the colony. They are a wild and restless race. From their rugged haunts H U they make inroads into the plantations, carry off the cattle and sheep, and frequently kill the farm- ers and their domestics. Their activity is incredi- bly great. They are said to be so swift, that on rough ground, horsemen have no chance with them. The Namaqtia Hottentots, inhabit the N. W. parts of the colony .The United Brethren es- tablished a mission among the Hottentots in 1736. which was renewed in 1792, since which the Lon- don Society have sent out many missionaries. The labors of both have been attended with the hap- piest effects. The Hottentots at several settle- ments, now cultivate the fields, own large numbers of cattle, exercise various trades, and contribute liberally to the support of religious and charitable institutions, exhibiting a wonderful proof of the power of Christianity in elevating men from sloth and misery to activity and comfort. Hotsenplots, t. Austrian Silesia, 20m. N. Trop- pau. Houat, isl. France, opposite the mouth of the Vilaine, in Morbihan, 7 m. N. E. Belleisle. Lon. 2 56' 27" W. Lat. 47 23' S2 7 ' N. Houdan, t. France, in Seine-and-Oise, on the Vesgre, 17 m. S. W. Nantes. Houga, La, t. France, in Gers, 30 m. S. W. Condom. Hougarden, t. Netherlands, in South Brabant, on the Geete, 11 m. S. E. Louvain. Pop. 2,500. Houghton, v. Eng. in Norfolk. Houghton, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 7 m. S. E. Manchester. Houghton, t. Norfolk co. Up. Canada, on Lake Erie. Houghton, Port, harbor on the N. W. coast of America, between Points Hobart and Walpole. Lat. 57 20' N. Houghton Le Spring,t. Eng. 7 m. N.E. Durham. Pop. 1,356. Hougue. See Hague. Hovingham, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 18 m. N. York. Houndsbos-duyncn, sandy ridge on the coast of Holland, 4 m. fr. Alkmaar, extending about 4 or Smiles. Hounsfield, p-t. Jefferson co. N. Y. on Lake On- tario. Pop. 3,429. In this town is Sackett's har- bor. Hounslow) t. Eng. in Middlesex, on a branch of the Colne, on the edge of Hounslow Heath, 9 m. W. London. Houstttonnuc, r. which rises in Berkshire co. Mass, and running S. across Connecticut, enters Long Island Sound between Milford and Stratford. In the latter part of its course, it is called Strat- ford river. It is navigable for small vessels, 12 miles to Derby. Between Canaan and Salisbury in the N. W. corner of the State, it has a perpen- dicular fall of 60 feet. A company was incorpo- rated in 1822 for the purpose of constructing a canal from Derby along the valley of the Housa- tonnuc through New Milford, terminating at the N. line of the State in Canaan or Salisbury. From the survey of the route, the distance is found to be 66 miles, the ascent from tide water to the N. line of the State is about 612 feet. It is ascertain- ed also that the canal may be easily continued to Stockbridgc in Massachusetts. Houssa, or Haoussa, country, of central Africa, on the Niger, with a capital of the same name. From all the accounts transmitted to Europe, it appears to be the most civilized and improved of HUB any of the native states of this continent ; but our knowledge of it is still exceedingly imperfect. According to the recent information of Mr. Bow- dich, Houssa is situated some days journey to the north of the branch of the Niger called the Gam- baroo. It is considerably larger than Tombuctoo, and superior to any other city N. of the Niger, except Bornou. Houstoni'ille, p-v. Iredell co. N. C. Houstoniille, p-v. Pendleton district, S. C. Howakil, large bay, Abyssinia. Lat. 15 1' N. Howard, t. Kent co. Up. Canada, extending from Lake Erie to the river Thames. Hoivard, t. Steuben co. N. Y. 12 m. W. Bath, Pop. 1,140. Howard, t. Centre co. Pa. Pop. 1,055. Howard, co Missouri, on both sides of Missouri river. Pop. 13,426. Slaves 2,089. Engaged in agriculture 2,788, in commerce 51, in manufac- tures 372. At the court-house is a post-office, 60 m. fr. Cote sans dessein, 150 W. St. Louis. Lat. 38 45' N. Hou-den, or Hoveden, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, near the confluence of the Ouse with the Humber, 25 m. W.Hull. Lon.O51'W.Lat.53 u 45'N. Pop. 1,812. Howdl, t. Monmouth co. N. J. Pop. 3,354. Hou-cll's store, p-v. Clarke co. Alabama. Howe's Foreland, peninsula, on the N. E. coast of Kergueland's Land. Lon. 69 28' E. Lat. 48 48' S. Howe's Island, one of the Queen Charlotte's islands. Lon. 164 43' E. Lat. 11 10' S. Hoicks Island, isl. in the Pacific, by the natives called Mopetro. Lon. 154 7' W. Lat. 16 46' S. Howe's Sound, bay, in the gulf of Georgia. Lon. 237 E. Lat. 49 23' N. Howland, t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 4 m. E. Warren. Pop. 472. Howth, a peninsula on the coast of Ireland, which forms theN. boundary of the bay of Dub- lin. A magnificent harbor has been constructed here, to shelter such vessels as are bound for the port of Dublin. Hoxler, or Huxter, t. Prussian states, on the Weser, 16 m. W. Grubenhagen. Pop. 2,900. Hoy, isl. one of the Orkneys, 4 m. W. Ronald- say. Lon. 3 7 W. Lat. 58 43' N. Hoya, province, Hanover, adjoining Bremen and Oldenburg. Extent, 1,165 sq. miles. Pop. 90,000 Hoya, the capital, is on the Aller, 23 m. S. E. Bremen. Hoyer, t. Denmark, in Sleswick,on the North Sea. Hoyerawerda, or Woiretz, t. Prussian states, in Upper Lusatiu, on the Black Elster, 34 m. N. E. Dresden. Hoyland Neiher, t Eng. in Yorkshire, 5 m. S.E. Barnesley. Hoym, t. Saxony, on the Selke, 16 m.W. Bernburg. Hradisch, t. Moravia, on the Morawa, 30 m. S. Olmutz. Lon. 17 4' E. Lat. 49 5' N. Huaheinc, or Aheine, the easternmost of the Society Islands. It is 24 miles in circumference, and is divided into two peninsulas, by an isthmus verflowed at high water. Lon. 150 58' W. Lat. 16 42 S. See Society Islands. Huaila.s. See Guailas. Hualsoe, small isl. near the coast of Norway. Lat. 69 40' N. Huamaiies. See Guamalies. Hitamelua, t. Mexico, in Oaxaca, 45 leagues S. E.Mexico. Lon. 95 44' W. Lat. 16 13 N. Huasco. See Guasco. Hubbord, t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 16 m. S. E.War ren. Pop. 843. HUD 335 Hubbardstown, p-t. Rutland co. Vt. 40m. N.W. Windsor. Pop. 810. Hubbardstown, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 21m.N. Worcester. Pop. 1,367. Hubber, small isl. in the Baltic. Lon. 13 40' E. Lat. 54 38' N. Hubely, or Hoobly, t. Hind, in Bejapore. Lon, 75 10' E. Lat. 15 24' N. Hubert, seigniory, Quebec co. Lower Canada. Hucheswagen, t. Prussian states of the Rhine, on the Wipper, 28 m. E. S. E. Dusseldorf, 31 N. E. Cologne. Pop. 4,300. Huddersfield, t. Eng. on the Colne, in York- shire, one of the principal seats of the woollen manufacture in the kingdom. It communicates by canals with Manchester, Liverpool, and Hull. Pop. in 1811, 9,671. 8 m. S.E.Halifax, 16 S. W. Leeds, 189 N. W. London. Lon. 1 49' W. Lat. 53 39' N. Hudismenil, t. France, in La Manche, 5 m. E. Granville. Hudson, city, port of entry, and cap. of Colum- bia co. N. Y. is finely situated on the E. bank of Hudson river, which is navigable to this place for the largest ships, 30 m. S. Albany, 130 N. New York. Lat. 42 14' N. Its growth has been very rapid. It was founded in 1784 ; in 1786, the pop- ulation was 1,500 ; in 1810, 4,048, and in 1820, of the village, 2,900, whole town, 5,310. The site- of Hudson is a high point, which projects into the river, terminating in a bold cliff, on each side of which are bays of considerable extent. The city is regularly laid out in streets and squares, and contains an academy, 2 banks, 4 printing-offi- ces, and 4 houses of public worship, 1 for Friends. 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Methodists, and 1 for Episcopalians. The creeks on the borders of the town afford fine seats for mills and manufactories, and a few years since, Hudson was regarded a? the third town in the state in manufactures, and the fourth in commerce. The amount of shipping; in 181 5, was 3,449 tons. Hudson River, N. Y. one of the best for naviga- tion in America, rises in the mountainous region to the W. of Lake Champlain, and pursuing a straight course a little W. of S. for more than 300 miles, communicates with the Atlantic, below New- York city. There are three remarkable ex- pansions in this river, Tappan bay, or sea, Haver- straw bay, and a third between Fishkill and New Windsor. The only large tributary of the Hud- son is Mohawk river. The other waters flowing into it are mere mill-streams. The bold and safe navigation afforded by the Hudson flowing as it does through a hilly and mountainous country, particularly through the highlands, is a remarka- ble fact in geography. It is navigable for ships to Hudson 130 miles ; for large sloops to Albany, near the head of the tide, 160 m. from New- York; and for small sloops, to Troy, 6 miles further. It is connected by a canal with lake Champlain ; and the grand canal, now in progress, will soon connect it with Lake Erie. Hudson, p-t. Portage co. Ohio, 12 m. N. W. Ravenna, 23 S. E. Cleaveland. Pop. 491. Hudson's Bay, a large bay of N. America, ex- tending from Ion. 78 to 95 W. and from lat. 52* to 68 N. The Hudson's bay company have sev- eral settlements and forts, especially on the west coast, where their agents carry on a traffic with the Indians for beaver skins and other valuable furs. Hudson's house, one of the Hudson's bay com- 336 H U L pany's factories, in N. America, on the'Saskatcha- wine. Lon. 106 27' 20" W. Lat. 53 0' 32" N. Hudson P/.a, 7 in. above Naumberg. Ilm, t. Germany, 14 m. W. Rudolstadt, 17 S. E. Erfurt. Pop. 1,500. lime, r. Hanover, which falls into the Leine, 4 m. S. E. Eimbeck. ///noi. called by the Russian? Osero Ilmen, lake, Ru?;ia, in Novgorod, about 48 miles long, and from 12 to 18 wide. It communicates with lake Ladoga. Ilmenau, t. Germany, in Saxe Weimar, on the lime, 10 m. E. Schrnalcalden. Pop. 2,000. Ilmenau, or Au.e* r. Hanover, which falls into the Elbe, 12 m. S. E. Hamburgh. llminster, t. Eng. in Somerset co. on the He, 32 m. N. S. E. Exeter, 12 S. E. Taunton, 135 VV. S. W. London. Lon. 2 54' W. Lat. 50 56' N. Pop. 2,160. Ilmstadt, t. Germany, in Thuringia, 11 m. W. Rudolstadt, 8 E. S. E. Arnstadt. J/o, port of Peru, in lat 17 35' S. llovla, r. Russia, which falls into the Don, at ibrt Donskaia in the Cossack country. Ilsenburg, t. Prussian Saxony, on the Us, 4 in. W. Wernigerode. list, or J7s/, t. Netherlands, in Friesland, 14m. S. W. Leuwarden, 58 N. E. Amsterdam. Lon. 5* 35-' E. Lat. 53 3' N. Ilzstadt, t. Bavaria, at the confluence of the Danube and the Us, opposite Passau. Lon. 13 29' 45 // E. Lat. 48 35' N. Imbros, isl. of the Archipelago, about 20 miles in circumference. Lon. 25 46' E. Lat. 40 W N. It has 6 villages, and about 10,000 inhabitants. Imbst, or Uimst, t. Austrian states, in the Tyrol, near the Inn, 9 m. S. S. E. Ileuttcn. Lon. 10 43' E. Lat. 47 14' N. Pop. 2,200. Imiretta, country, Asia, north of Persia. It stretches along the southern limit of Caucasus, having the Black sea on the W. and Georgia on She K. and lies between 43 and 44 N. lat. In 17,'J4, it acknowledged the supremacy of Rus- sia ; but the internal government is in a great measure independent. The capital is Colatis, on the Phasic. Immenhausen, t. Germany, in the electorate of Hesse, 7 m. N. Caswel. Pop. 1,250. Immenstadt, 1. Bavaria, 13 m. S. by W. Kemp- ten. Imola, t. Italy, in the Ecclesiastical state, on a small island formed by the Santerno. I: rounded with walls, towers and ditches, and de- fended by a strong castle. It is the see of ;i b>lin>. In February, 1797, an action was fought in this neighbourhood between the Austrians and the French , in which the former were defeated. 18 m . S. E. Bologna, 40 N. N. E. Florenc?. Lon. 11 32' r. Lat. 44 32 N. Pop. 8,400. I N D ,al, city, Chill, on the river Cuuu > . from the Pacific ocean, 1 12 m, S. La Conception. Lat. 38 4^ S. Lnst. See Imbst. Imitncijia, r. Paraguay, which enters the Para- na in lat. 12 40' S. Inacondo, t. India, in the Carnatic. Lon. 79' 34' E. Lat. 16 1' N. /nee, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 1^ m. E. Wigan. Pop. 1,065. Incenada de Barragan, t. S. America, on thr- Barragan, at its union with the Plata, 21 m. VV. Buenos Ay res. Inch, isl. Ireland, 6 m. N. VV. Londonderry. Inch, or Insch, v. Scotland, in Aberdeenshire, 26m. fr. Aberdeen. Inch-Coin, or Columba, (an. dmonia,) small isl. Scotland, in the frith of Forth. On it are the remains of a celebrated abbey. It is now fortified. 2m. fr. Aberdour. Lon. 3 18' W. Lat. 56 3' N. Inch-Garvie, small isl. Scotland, in the frith of Forth, opposite Queensferry. Inch Keith, small isl. Scotland, in the frith of Forth. Lon. 3 9' W. Lat. 56 3' N. Inch Marnoch, isl. Scotland, in the frith of Clyde, a few miles S. VV. of Bute. Inch-Point, cape, Ireland, in Kerry, 13 m. E. Dingle. Inchture, v. Scotland, in Perthshire, 13 m. fr. Dundee. Inchyra, v. Scotland, in Perthshire, on the river Tay, 8 m. below Perth. Incisa, t. Piedmont, 8 m. N. Acqui, 14 S. E. Asti. Incisa, t. Tuscany, on the Arno, 13 m. S. E. Florence. Indat, r. Sweden, which falls into the gulf of B othnia at Sundswal. Indal, t. Sweden, in Medelpad, 16 m. W. N. W. Sundswal. Independence, t. Alleghany co. N. Y. Independence, t. Sussex co. N. J. Pop. 1,850. Independence, t. Cuyahogaco. Ohio. Pop. 35'J. Independence, t. and cap. Bond co. Illinois, ou Kaskaskia river. Inderabia, small isl. near the mouth of the Per- sian gulf. Lat. 26 40' N. India, or East Indies, the name given to the re- gion of Asia, lying S. of Tartary,and between Per- sia and China, with the islands dependent thereon. Besides Hindostan, it contains the Birman empire, the kingdoms of Siam, Cochin China, Tunquin, Tibet, Japan, Ceylon, and a number of small prin- cipalities. Indiana, co. in the W. part of Pa. Pop. 8,882. Engaged in agriculture 1,950, in commerce 12, in manufactures 304. Indiana, p-t. and cap. Indiana co. Pa. 26 m. S. E. Kittaning. Pop. 317. Indiana, t. Alleghany co. Pa. Pop. 1,198. Indiana, one of the U. S. bounded N. by Michi- gan Territory ; E. by Ohio ; S. by Kentucky ; and VV. by Illinois. The boundary line commences in Ohio rivnr ut the mouth of the Wabash and pro- ceeds up the Wabash to the point where the me- ridian of V incennes intersects the river for the lasl time ; thence N. along that meridian to a point 10 i.iiles N. of the southern extremity of Lake ;:iu ; thencedue E.to the point of intersection with th.- \vc-tr m line of the state of Ohio ; thence 4 -that line to the mouth of the Great Miami, an 1 thence down the; Ohio to the place of begin- I N D iiin*. It lies between lat 37 45' and 41 50' N. and between Ion. 84 42' and 37 49' W. Its great- est length from N. to S. is -287 miles, and its breadth is 155. Extent, 36,000 sq. miles. Pop. m 1800, 2,500; in 1810, 24,520; and in 1820, 147,178. Entailed in agriculture 61,315, in commerce 429, in manufactures 3,229. The Ohio forms the southern boundary of the State. Lake Michigan touches it upon the north. The northern part of the State is watered by the Illinois, and the rivers which flow into lake Michigan ; but the Wabash i? the great river of Indiana ; it receives the wa- ters from two-thirds of its surface. White river, the principal tributary of the Wabash, is formed by two branches, which spread out widely through the whole southern half of the State. White wa- ter river in the S. E. is a tributary of the Miami. The white population in 1815 was confined to the southern part of the State, and almost entirely to the counties bordering directly on the Wabash, the Ohio, and the White water. The northern half is occupied by Indians, and has been very im- perfectly explored. A ridge of hills commences near the mouth of the Wabash, and runs in a N. E. direction nearly parallel with the Ohio, at no great distance, producing a broken and uneven country. North of these hills lie the .flat woods, 70 miles wide. Bordering on all the principal streams, except the Ohio, there are strips of bot- tom and prairie land, of a rich soil, usually from 3 to 6 miles in width. The prairies on the Wabash are the finest land in the State. Remote from the rivers the country is broken, and the soil light. Between the Wabash and lake Michigan, the land is mostly level, and interspersed with woodlands, prairies, lakes and swamps. The principal productions are wheat, Indian corn, oats, rye, flax, hemp, potatoes, and tobacco. In the vicinity of Vevay, the vine is cultivated with success. On the banks of the Wabash, in the upper part of its course, the best kind of coal is found in inexhaustible quantities ; and near the sources of several of the navigable rivers, there are salt springs, from which salt in abundance maybe procured. Near Corydon is a large cave, abounding with Epsom salts and salt petre. A majority of the people of Indiana are from Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia, and the Caroli- nas ; the remainder are from every other State in the Union ; and from almost every nation in Eu- rope. The Indian title to large portions of fine land has been recently purchased by the U. S. and the number of immigrants is, in consequence, ra- pidly increasing. Indiana was admitted into the Union in 1816. In the act of admission, Congress granted one section, or one-thirty-sixth part of each township, for the support of schools. Two entire townships are given for the support of a college which, it is expected will be located at Blooniington. At present a brick building is erected for its accommodation at Vincennes. Ten per cent, of the sale of public lands for the seat of ^ovf-rnment, and for seats of justice in the several counties is appropriated to the establishment of libraries i n these places. The state is highly fa- voured in regard to inland navigation. The VVa- 1 'eatable to its source, and this is within a ifieboatable waters of the Maumee, which falls into Lake Erie. A canal might easily be made to connect them, and Congress have al- ready s. '000 acres of land for defraying the expense of this project. Indianopolis is the seat, of government. Vinceanea is the largest town. I N D 343 Indian creek, r. Ohio, which runs into the Mi- ami from the west, in Butler county. Indian creek, i: Indiana, which runs into the Ohio, 8 m. below the mouth of Kentucky river. Indian Head, cape on the E. coast of New-Hol- land. Lon. 123 56' E. Lat. 25 3' S. Indian Fsland, fsl. New Brunswick, in Passama- quoddy bay. Indian Island, isl. of Dusky bay, New Zealand, 4 in. N. Pickersgil harbor. Indian old town, isl. and t. Penobscot co. Maine, in Penobscot river, just above the Great Falls. Here are about 100 families of Indians, the re- mains of the Penobscot tribe, with a Roman Cath- olic church and priest. Indianopolis, t. Mari T . W. Scio. Lon. 25 36' 30" E. Lat. 38 30' N. Pop. about 16,000. It has one small village with a good port, and owns 100 sail of large ships and polacres, am} from 300 to 500 e mall craft. This island is tolerably productive in wine and fruit, but the inhabitants depend on their com- merce for subsistence. Ipswich, t. Eng. and cap. of Suffolk co. on the N. bank of the Orwell. It is favourably situated for commerce. Vessels of any burden may navi- gate the Orwell to within 3 miles of the town, and vessels of nearly 200 tons to the town itself. The trade of the town is considerable, chiefly in the exportation of corn, great quantities of wheat and other grain being annually shipped for the Lon- * don market. Malting is also carried on to some extent. Ipswich sends two members to parlia- ment. Pop. 13,670. 18m. N. E.Colchester, 12 N. VV. Harwich, 69 N. E. London. Lon. 1 9' E. Lat. 52 3' N. Ipswich, r. Mass, which runs into the ocean at Ipswich, opposite the S. end of PI Mm island. Ipsu-ich, the Agawam of the Indians, p-t. and port of entry, Essex co. Mass, on Ipswich river, 12 m. S. Newburyport, 12 N. E. Salem, 27 N. E. Bos- ton. Lat. 42 43' N. Pop. 2,553. It contains a handsome court-house, a massy stone jail, and 5 houses for public worship, 4 for Congregational- iets, arid 1 for Baptists. There is an excellent stone bridge across Ipswich river, with 2 arches. By means of a canal across Gloucester neck, the communication between the harbor and Massa- chusetts bay is facilitated, a distance being saved of 20 miles round Cape Ann. On Ipswich river extensive iron manufactories are about to be erect- ed. The supreme judicial court, and the court of common pleas are occasionally held in this town. The amount of shipping in 1815, was 1,776 tons. Iqueique, isl. near the co;:st of Peru. Lat. 20 20' S. Iquiari, r. Portuguese Guiana, which enters the river \eero on the W. side, in lat. 24' N. Ira, p-t. Rutland co. Vt. 32 ni. W. N. W. Wind- eor. Pop. 4W. Ira,i. Cayuga co. N. Y. Irur E. Lat. 52 1 6' N. Pop. 1 1 ,292. Jrhat, r. Siberia, which falls into the Angara, opposite Irkoutsk. Irnit. See Giornico. Irnit Cape, the W. point of Hispaniola, 17 m. W. H. W. Cape Dame Marie. Iron Island, small isl. near the coast of Siam. Lon. 98 E. Lat. 12 35' N. Irondequot, bay, N. Y. on lake Ontario, 4i m.E. f the mouth of Gencssee river. It is 7 miles in extent from N. to S. 1 S C 347 Iron mountains, mts. of the U. S. which divide Tennessee from N. Carolina. Iron river, small r. N. W. Territory, which runs into Lake Superior. It is about 80 yards wide at its mouth. Iroquois, Point, Michigan Territory, the W. cape at the outlet of Lake Superior. Irawaddy, properly Iravati, the principal river in the Birman empire, which rises in the moun- tains of Tibet, and entering the Birman empire, passes the cities of Umrapoora and old Ava. In lat. 17 50' it divides inte two branches, one of which running S. W. passes the town of Persaim orBassien; the other running S. E. passes Ran- goon; but these branches again subdivide into many streams, and fall into the bay of Bengal, in about lat. 16 N. Irrsumiti t. East Greenland. Lon. 45 35' W. Lat. 61 10' N. ///, r. Eng. which falls into the Irish sea, near Ravenglass. Irtetskoi, fort, Siberia, on the Ural, 88 m. W. Orenburg. Irtysch, r. Russia, which rises in Independent Tartary, and passing by Tobolsk, joins the Oby, 200m. N. of that city. Iruda, t. Spain, in Jaen, 19 m. E. by N.Ubeda, Pop. 2,200. Irville, t. France, in Meuse, 9 m. N. Neufcha- teau. Irrille, p-v. Muskingham co. Ohio, 12 m. N. W. Zanesville, 48 E. Columbus. Irvine, or Irwine, s-p. and royal burgh, Scotland, in Ayr co. on the N. side of the Irvine,which, about half a mile below, flows into the frith of Clyde. The harbor is tolerably commodious. 25 m. S.W. Glasgow, 12 N. Ayr. Pop. 4,500. Irvine, r. N. C. a western head water of the Neuse. Irvine, Cape, high bluff, on the N. W. coast of America. Lat. 54 49 ' N. Irun, t. Spain, in Guipuscoa, about 1 m. fr. the Bidassoa, 2 m. S. Fontarabia. Irwin, t. Venango co. Pa. Pop. 405. Invinton, p-t. and cap. Wilkinson ce. Geo. 24 m. S. Milledgeville. Pop. 41 1. hsur Tille, t. France, in Cote d'Or, 23 m. N. Dijon. Pop. 1,600. Isaac's creek, small r. Ohio, which joins the Ohio 1 m. below Manchester. Isabella, an islet in the Pacific ocean, situated on the coast of the intendancy of Guadalaxara. Lon. 105 56' W. Lat. 21 50 N. Isabella, r. St. Domingo, which joins the Ozama and fulls into the sea, below the city of St. Do- mingo. Isabella, t. on the N. side of St. Domingo, N. lat. 19 59' 10". This is the port where Columbus formed the first Spanish settlement on the island. 29 leagues E. by N. Cape Francois. Isabella furnace, p-v. Shenandoah co. Va. Isaczi, or Isaccia, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria, on the Danube, 26 m. W. Ismail. Lon. 29 9' E. Lat. 45 18'N. Isbclliburg, t. Egypt, on the Mediterranean, 4 m . S. Damietta. hbellsville, p-v. Christian co. Kentucky. Isbice, t. Poland, in Masovit, 14 m. S. by W. Brzesc. Isca, t. Netherlands, in South Brabant, 11 m. N. Brussels. Iscampi, (an. Scampis,) t. Eu. Turkey, in Alba- nia, 9 m. S. Albanopolis. 34S I S L I S L hcha, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria, \vhere the river Isoha falls into the Danube. Ischel, t. Upper Austria, 27 m. S. E. Salzburg. Pop. 4,500. Ischia, (an. Oenuria, or Pithcfusa,') isl. in the gulf of Naples, 6 m. from the coast. Extent, 25 MJ. miles. Pop. 22,500. There is not perhaps in Europe a more pleasant residence than this small island. hchia, the capital, is on a small bay on the N. coast. Lon. 14 15' E. Lat. 40" 45' N. Pop. 3,100. hchim, r. Siberia, -which falls into the Irtysch, Lon. 70 E. Lat. 57 45' N. hchim, circle in the Siberian government of the Tobolsk, hchim, the capital, is in Ion. 69 20' E. lat. 56" 30' N. hchiklla, t. Naples, in the Capitanata. Pop. 31,000. Itthora, t. Eu. Russia, 26 m. S. E. Petersburg. hcfiua, p-v. Catlaraugus co. (N. Y.) N. E. of Clean. Pop. 1,453. Iscoudar. See Scutari. hrjiord, boy, Denmark, in Zealand. Lon. 11 50' E. Lat. 56" 69' JV. heghtm, t. Netherlands, 20 m. S. Bruges. Ism, t. Bavaria, 22 m. E. N. E. Munich, 22 S. Landshut. Isenburg, or Upper Isenburg, principality in the \V. of Germany, consisting of several scattered portions of territory on the borders of the county of Hanau, and subject partly to Hesse-Cassel, part- ly to Hesse-Darmstadt. Extent, 217 sq. miles. Pop. 47,500. Istnburg, New, t. in the preceding principality, 3 m. S. Frankfort on the Maine. Lon. 8 38' E. Lat. 50 3' N. /IPO, il Logo d"Iseo, lake, Italy, between Brescia and Bergamo. her, or Gisera, r. Bohemia, which flows into the Elbe at Alt Bunzlau. her, or Isar, r. Bavaria, which joins the Danube at Deckendorf. her, or Isar, circle, Bavaria, bounded partly by the Bavarian circles of the Regen and the Upper Danube, partly by the Austrian slates. Extent, 5,900 sq. miles. Pop. 503,000. Munich is the chief town. /sere, r. France, which falls into the Rhone, 3 m. above Valence. It is navigable from Gren- oble. here, department in the S. E. of France, inclosed by Savoy, and the French departments pf the Up- per Alps, the Drome, and the Rhone. Extent, 3,440 sq. miles. Pop. 472,000, of whom only 7,000 are Protestants. Iserlokn, t. Prussian Westphalia, on the Baaren, 41 m. L. Dusseldorf. Lon. 7 40' E. Lat. 51 23' N. Pop. 4,400. Isernia,t. Naples, 30m. N. Capua. Lon. 14 2' E. Lat. 41 38' N. Pop. 5,000. higny, t. France, in Calvados, at the mouth of the Esques, 20m. W. Bayeux. Lon. 1 W. Lat. 4919'N. Pop. 1,900. his, r. Eng. the N. branch of the Thame?, which joins the main stream near Lechdale. hjum, or Izjum, t. Eu. Russia, in Slobodsk-Uk- rairie, on the river Donetz, 6 m. S. E. Charkov. Pop. 4,300. hla. See Islay. Jsla, or IUi, r. Scotland, in Forfar, which falls into the Tay at Kinclaven. In this river is a per- pendicular tall of 70 or 80 feet, called the Roeky Linn. hla de la Genie Hermoga, or Island of Hand- some People, isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lou. 175 10' W. Lat. 10 S. Islamabad, t. Bengal, and cap. of Chittagong, on the W. bank of the Currumpooly, 10 miles from the sea. The Baptists have missionaries and schools here. Lon. 91 42' E. Lat. 22 22' N. 230 m. E. Calcutta. Islamabad, t. Cashmeer, on the N. side of the river Jhylyur. Lon. 74 7' E. Lat. 34 6' N, Island creek,t. Jefferson co. Ohio, on Ohio river, 3m. above Steubenville. Island, Magee, peninsula, Ireland, on the coast of the North channel of the Irish sea, N. of Belfast Lough. hlay, Hay, or Ila, one of the Hebrides, or west- ern islands of Scotland, lying S. AV. of Jura. It is 31m. long from N. to S. and 24 broad from E. to W. It contains 154,000 acres, of which about one- seventh is under cultivation. The great article of exportation is black cattle. Pop. in 1801, 6,821 ; in 1811, 11,500. Its inhabitants are rapidly in- creasing. Isle des Contrarietes, isl. in the Pacific. Lon. 16134'E. Lat. 953'S. Isle aux Coudres, isl. and seigniory, Northum- berland co. Lower Canada, in the river St Law- rence, opposite St. Paul bay. Isle aux Noix, small isl. Lower Canada, in the river Sorel, 11 m. from the frontier, 8 or 9 from St. Johns. It is well fortified, and commands the intercourse by water, between lake Champlain and the river St. Lawrence. Isle aux Petites Bois, isl. Alabama, near the mouth of Mobile bay, between Dauphin and Hora islands. Isle de Caches. See Cow Island. Isle Jesus, isl. and seigniory, Effingham co. Low- er Canada, lying in the river St. Lawrence, N. W. of the island of Montreal, from which it is separa- ted by a narrow channel. Isle of France. See Mauritius. Isle of Orleans. See Orleans isle. Isle of Wight, Eng. See IVight, hie of. Isle of Wight, co. Va. on the S. side of Jame? river. Pop. 10,139; slaves 4,297; engaged iu ag- riculture 2,925, in commerce 40, in manufactures 270. Chief town, Smithfield. At the court-house is a post-office. Isle Perrot, seigniory, Lower Canada, compri- sing the Isle Perrot, and several smaller islands, off the S. W. end of Montreal island. Isle Royal, large isl. in Lake Superior, 100 mile* long, and 40 broad. Isle Verte, seigniory, Cornwallis co. Lower Cau ada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 104 m. N. E. Quebec. Islcsborough, t. Hancock co. Maine, on Long- Inland in Penobscot bay, 1 m. W. Custine. Pop. 639. Isles de Madam, islands at the S. end of Cape Breton island, on the E. 'side of the entrance int the Gut of Ciinyo. Isles of Skoals, small islands, 7 ia number, 3 leagues S. S. K. Portsmouth, N. H. Staten Island is tlie largest, and constitutes the town of Gosport, belonging to Rockinham co. N. II. The rest of tho islands belong to Maine. They are inhabited by about 100 fishermen. /xlft de St. Jean, seigniory, Devon co. Lower Canada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 43 m. N. E. Quebec. Islet du Portage, seigniory, Cornwallis co. Low- I S P er Canada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 83 m. N. E. Quebec. Isleworth, v. Eng. in Middlesex co. on the Thames, opposite Richmond, chiefly celebrated for various elegant villas. 8 in. W. London. Pop. 4,661. Islington, v. Eng. in Middlesex co. united to London on the N side by a continued range of buildings. Pop. of the parish, 15,000. Islip, p-t. Suffolk co. N. Y. on the S. shore of Long-Island, 50 m. E. New-York. Pop. 1,156. Ismail, or Ismailov, a large and strong t. Bessa- rabia, on the N. side of the principal arm of the Danube, about 33 m. from the Black sea. It is memorable for its seige and capture by the Rus- sians under Suwarrow, in 1790. Of the Turks, about 20,000 were killed, and 10,000 made prison- ers : the Russians lost 5,000 men on the day of capture and twice that number in the previous operations. 30 m. W. Kilia-Nova, 140 S. by W. Bender, 268 N. Constantinople. Lon. 28 50' E. Lat. 45 21' N. Ismailoi; imperial palace of Russia, 12 m. fr. Moscow. Ismid, t. Asia Minor, (an. Nicomedia.') Lon. 29 34' E. Lat. 40 39' N. Isnik, t. Asia Minor, (an. ./Wee) famous in eccle- siastical history as the seat of two councils in A.D. 325 and 787. It is on a lake communicating with the sea of Marmora, and has some trade in silk. ' Lon. 29 50' E. Lat. 40 16' N. hny, t. Wirtemberg, 46 m. S. Ulm. Lon. 10 3' 45'' E. Lat. 47 42' N. Pop. 2,200. Isola, L Istria, on an island, 7 m. S. Capo d'Istria. Lon. 13 40' E. Lat. 45 37' N. Pop. 2,800. hula, t. Naples, 17 m. S. E. San Severino. Lon. 17' 24' E. Lat. 39 2' N. Pop. 2,800. /so/a, t. Piedmont, 4 m. S. by W. Asti. Pop. 2,300. /so/a, t. Naples, on the river Garigliano, 5 m. S. Sora. Pop. 2,600. Isola Alia, t. Italy, 11 m. N. N. E. Mantua. /so/a Grossa, isl. of the Adriatic, on the coast of Dalmatia, about 30 miles long, and 2 broad. Lon. 15" 7' E. Lat. 44 18' N. Isola Porcarissa, t. Italy, 18m. N. E. Mantua. Ispagnac, t. France, in Lozere, 5 m. N. N. W. Florae. Pop. 1,900. Ispahan, or Spahawn, formerly the capital of Persia, and long celebrated as one of the most splendid cities of the east. It is on the river Zen- deroud, in the province of Irak. When visited by Chardin, at the beginning of the last century, its magnificence was such, that no city of the east could compare with it, except the capitals of Hin- tlostan and China. In 1722, it was taken by the Afghans, and many of its most superb edifices en- tirely destroyed by those barbarous invaders. It is still, however, a great and magnificent city. Kinneir estimates the population at 200,000, and Morier, in 1808, at 400,000. Ispahan, according to Chardin, is 24 miles in circuit, and contained 172 mosques, 48 colleges, 1,800 caravanseras, and 273 public baths. The most splendid edifice was the palace, built by Scha Abbas. It is said to have been five miles in circuit, including the gar- ULUS ami to have surpassed every thing of the kind which is to be found in Europe. The walls and buildings of the palace remain, but it has been atnpt of all its costly furniture. The streets of the city are narrow, winding, and irregular. The houses hare a mean appearance, being built mere- I T A 349 ly of brieks dried in the sun, and covered with flat roofs. The manufactures of Ispahan are still very extensive. In gold brocade this city is unrivalled. It is also the greatest emporium of inland com- merce in the Persian empire, being the chief me- dium of communication with India and Cabul on one side, and Turkey on the other. After being desolated by foreign wars and revolutions, this city has of late begun to revive, through the exertions of Hajee Mahomed Hussein Khan, who from the lowest origin, has raised himself to the first situa- tions in the empire, and acquired immense wealth, which he employs in the improvement of his na- tive city. He has just completed a new royal palace, which equals in elegance any of the old ones. Lon. 52 s 50' E. Lat. 32 25' N. Ispira, (an. Hispiratis) t. Turkish Armenia, 90 m. E. Trebisond. Isquintia, t. Guatimala, 30 m. W. N. W. Gua- timala. Lon. 93 W. Lat. 14 32' N. Israeli. Preble co. Ohio. farad's river, N. H. rises on the sides of the White Mountains and flowing N. W. enters the Con- necticut at Lancaster. Issagunge, t. Hind, in Oude, 25 m. N. E. Khie- rabad. Issel, Old, r. Netherlands, which flows into the Zuyder Zee below Kampen. Issel, New, canal which extends from the Rhine at Arnheim, to the Old Issel at Doesberg. /sse/, Little, r. Netherlands, which falls into the Maese, near Rotterdam. Isselhorst, v. Prussian Westphalia, 22 m. N. W. Paderborn. Isselmonde, isl. Netherlands, formed by the Maese, the Merwe, and the Issel. 3 m. S. E. Rot- terdam. Isselstein, t. Netherlands, in Utrecht, on the Lit- tle Issel, 5 m. S. Utrecht. Pop. 2,100. ' Issin, t. Persia, 6 m. N. Gombroon. Issoire, t. France, in Puy-de-dome, 19 m. S. bj E. Clermont. Lon. 52' E. Lat. 45 43' 56'' N. Pop. 5,000. Issoudun, t. France, in Indre, 18 m. S. W. Beur^ ges, 74 S. E. Tours. Pop. 10,000. Issum, v. Prussian Westphalia, in Cleves, 6 m. N. E. Gueldres. Pop. 2,000. Issurdu, t. Hind, in Asmeer. Lon. 75 10' E, Lat. 26 20' N. Issy, v. France, 2m. S. S. W. Paris. Issy rEveque, t. France in Saone-and-Loire, on the Somme, 25 m. S. W. Autun. Pop. 1,800. Istakher. See Eslachar. Istory, v. Asia Minor, 30 m. S. Trebisond. Istres, t. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone, 18 m. S. E. Aries. Pop. 2,100. Istria, a peninsula of the Austrian empire, form- ed by the gulfs of Trieste and Fiume, between lat. 45 and 46 N. and formerly divided into Vene- tian and Austrian. The whole now belongs t Austria, and forms the southern part of the new kingdom of Illyria. Extent, 1,600 square miles. Pop. 141,000. The ports of Istria are the princi- pal outlets for the surplus produce both of Aus- tria ant! Hungary. Islria. See Capo d'Istria. Italy, a well known peninsula in the south of Europe, extending from 37 to 46 N. lat. and from 7 to 19 E. Ion. It is surrounded on all sides by the Mediterranean, except on the N. where it is separated by the Alps from Germany, Switzer- land and France. 350 I T A Italy is at present divided into nine independent States. The following table exhibits their extent and population : Sq. miles. Population. I. Kingdom of the Two Si- cilies. - - - 43,600 6,618,000 II. Kingdom of Sardinia. 27,400 3,994,000 III. Austrian Italy, or the Lombardo- Venetian king- dom. - 18,290 4,014,000 IV. States of the Church. 14,500 2,346,000 V. Grand dutchy of Tus- cany. - - - 8,5' ,0 1,180,000 VI. States of Parma. 2,280 377,000 VII. States of Modena. 2,060 370,000 VIII. Dutchy of Lucca. 420 138,000 IX. Republic of San Ma- rino, --- 40 7,000 Italy, including Sicily and Sardinia, - - 117,( )90| 19,044,000 Nothing can exceed the beauty and diversity of the natural scenery of Italy. Its mountains pre- sent every variety of form and elevation, of rugged rocks and precipices, thick and extensive forests, water-falls, and all the component parts of pictur- esque beauty. The clearness of the atmosphere ^ives to every object a remarkable brightness of colouring and distinctness of outline. In respect of climate, Italy is one of the most fa- voured countries in Europe. The air is mild and genial, the excessive heats of summer being moderated by the influence of the mountains and surrounding sea. The most important productions of the country are vines, olives, and other fruits of great variety, and of the most delicious quality. Cotton, and still more silk, are cultivated to a great extent. Lombardy is the chief corn country. Skilful ag- riculture is confined to the North : in the centre and south it is at a very low ebb. Italy contains few manufactures. Silk is the staple article ; and after it come linen and wool- len. The established religion is the Roman Catholic ; but all other sects are tolerated. The number of archbishops for the whole country is 38. The number of inferior ecclesiastics is surprisingly great. Italy contains an extraordinary number of hospitals, erected, and in general provided for, in former ages. The principal universities are those of Rome, Bologna, Padua, Parma, Pisa, Pa- via, Naples, and Palermo. Antiquities form one of the grand objects of in- terest to the traveller, while their illustration constitutes a distinct branch of study with the lit- erati of the country. Italy, Kingdom of, the name of a state created by Bonaparte, out of the various provinces of the north of Italy, and first known by the name of the Cisalpine republic. It comprised Lombardy, the dutchy of Modena, the Venetian territory, the pa- pal legations of Ferrara, Bologna, Romagna ; the districts of Chiavenna, Bormio, and the Valteline, (belonging formerly to the Orisons ;) and finally the eastern part of Piedmont, lying between the Ticino and the Sesia. It contained 24 depart- ments, and a population of 6,460,000. The events of 1814 overthrew this short-lived monarchy. Italy, Austrian, a kingdom of Upper Italy, be- longing to the house of Austria, comprehending the whole of Italy east of the Ticino and north of the Po. It is bounded N. by Switzerland and I T S Austria ; E. by Illyria ; S. E. by the Adriatic ; S. by the States of the church, of Modena, and of Par- ma, and VV. by Piedmont. Extent, 18,290 sq. miles Pop. 4,014,000. The name given to this kingdom, i.i treaties and other public acts, is the Lombardo- f^enetian Kingdom. The country is in general level consisting of large and beautiful plains. It is in a high state of cultivation ; and on account of its extreme fertility, has been fre- quently called the garden of Europe. The pro- ducts are rice, wheat, vines, fruit, and large quan- tities of silk, flax, and hemp. The exports consist chiefly of rice, corn, and cattle ; also of silk, the value of which annually sent out of the country is computed at from 400,000 to .500,000. Austrian Italy was erected into a kingdom by an edict of the emperor of Austria, dated 7th April 1815. Though declared to form a monarchy in- separable from the Austrian empire, it has a sepa- rate constitution of its own, at the head of which is a prince of the imperial family, with the title of viceroy. His residence is at Milan. The ad- ministration of each of the two great divisions is in the hands of a governor and government college, in subordination to the court of Vienna. Italy, t. Ontario co. N. Y. on Canandaigua lake, S. of Canandaigua. Pop. 728. Itamaca, r. Guiana, which falls into the Orinoco near its mouth. liamarca, isl. off the coast of Pernambuco, ia Brazil, 3 leagues long and 2 broad. liamarca, the capital of the above island, is on the S. E. side. Lon. 35 6' W. Lat 8 S. Itambira, settlement, Brazil, in Minas Geraes, on the river Dolce, 36 m. W. Villa Rica. Itampaen, r. Brazil, which falls into the Atlantic inlat. 1740'S. //a/a, province, Chili, bordering on the Pacific ocean. Coulemu, the capital, is in lat. 36 2' S. Jtata, r. Chili, which enters the sea in lat. 36 S. Ilchapour, t. India, in the northern circars, 30 m. S. W. Gaugaur. Lon. 85 E. Lat. 19 8' N. Itchora, r. Siberia, which runs into the Lena in Irkoutsk. Ithaca, or Thiaki, in the Mediterranean, one of the seven Ionian islands, between Cefalonia and Santa Maura, in Ion. 21 E. lat. 38 36' N. Extent, 85 sq. miles. Pop. 8,000. It has always been no- ted for its rugged and barren aspect. The English government are about establishing a Greek Uni- versity in Ithaca for the benefit of all the Ionian islands. The inhabitants have subscribed very lib- erally for its support. Ithaca, p-t. and cap. Tompkins co. N. Y. at the head of Cayuga lake which communicates with the Erie canal, and on the turnpike from Newburg to Buffalo. It contains a court-house, bank, acad- emy, and Methodist church. A college on an ex- tensive plan for the education of both sexes has been founded here and large buildings are erect- ing for its accommodation. 29 m. from Owego, 180 W. Albany. Pop. 859. Near the village are very romantic falls in the Cascadilla and Fall rivers. Ithon, r. Wales, which falls into the Wye, 3 m. N. Builth. Itiobara Bay, bay on the coast of Brazil. Loa. 3746'W. Lit. 6" 20' S. Jtri, t. Naples, in Terra di Lavoro, 40 m. N. W. Naples. Pop 4,500. Itschil, district in A. Turkey, on the Mediterra- nean, bounded N. by the pachalic of Konich, E. by Adana. It is now annexed to the island of Cyprus. J A C Itsehoe, t. Denmark, inHolstein, on the Stor, 31 m. N. by W. Hamburgh. Pop. 5,000. Irangorod, t. Russia, 11 m E. Narva, 84 S. W. Petersburg. Lon. 28 14' E. Lat. 59 16 IN. led, r. Eng. in Bedfordshire, which joins the Ouse at Tempsford. /re/, r. Eng. which rises in Dorsetshire, and runs into the Parret at Langport. Irenach, t. Mecklenburg-Schwenn, 42 m. S. "" /rcr, t. Eng. in Buckingham, 18 m. W. London. Pop. l',635. Iverdon. See Yverdun. Icica, or Ibica, isl. of the Mediterranean, belong- ing to Spain, and the principal of the group called the Pithyusat. Extent, 190 sq. miles. Pop. 15,200. The climate is uncommonly mild. The soil is fertile, producing corn, wine, oil, fruit, flax and hemp, with little labour. Ivica, the capital, is well fortified, and has a good harbour. Lon. 4 29' E. Lat. 38 53' N. Pop. 2,700. hinghoe, t. Eng. in Buckingham co. 6 m. S.W. J A C 351 Dunstable, 33 N.W. London. Lon. 0' 37' W. Lat. 51 50' N. Pop. 1,361. Ivory Coast. See Guinea. hoy le Pre, t. France, in Cher, 11 m. S. Au- bigny. Ivrea, strong town of Italy, in Piedmont, on the Doira Baltea. It is surrounded with thick bas- tions, and has a turreted castle, with two other forts. 20 m. N. Turin, 53 W. Milan. Lon. 7 44' E. Lat. 45 25' N. Ivry, v. France, on the Eure, 18 m. S. E. Evreux, 50 N. W. Paris. Ivy Bridge, v. Eng. in Devonshire, 2 m. from Bideford. Iwanowilz. See Janowits. Ixicorth, t. Eng. in Suffolk, 7 m. N. E. Bury. Ixworth, t. Cornwallis co. Lower Canada, 68 m. N. E. Quebec. he, t. France, 14 m. E. by S. Mayenne. Pop. 1,800. hieu, t. France, in Loire, 14 m. fr. St. Etienne. Pop. 2,000. J. JAAR, r. Netherlands, which falls into the Meuse at Maestricht. Jabloncza, t. Hungary, on the Miawa, 20 m. W. N. W. Leopoldstadt. Jablonow, t. Austrian Poland, in Galicia, 50 m. S. by E. Stanislawow. Jablunka, t. Austrian Silesia, on the Elsa, llm. S. S. E. Teschen. Lon. 18 48' E. Lat. 49 32' N. Pop. 1,700. Jaca, or Jacca, t. Spain, in Arragon, 45 m. N. Saragossa. Lon. 41' W. Lat. 42 29' N. Pop. 4,000. Jacatra, a district of the island of Java, of which Batavia is the capital, formerly a kingdom govern- ed by its own sovereigns ; but now belonging to the Dutch. Pop. 203,484. Its productions are principally coffee, sugar and rice. Jaci, Jaci d\4quila t or Jaci Realc, s-p. on the E. coast of Sicily, in the Val di Demona, near the foot of Mount Etna, 10 m. N. N. E. Catania, 15 S. by W. Taormind. Lon. 15 15' E. Lat. 37 40' N. Pop. 11,000. Jackson, sometimes called Hitchcock, p-t. Han- cock co. Maine, 25 m. N. W. Castine. Pop. 375. Jackson, p-t. Washington co. N.Y. Pop. 2,004. Jackson, t. Lebanon co. Pa. Pop. 1,748. Jackson, t. Tioga co. Pa. Pop. 240. Jackson, t. Susquehannah co. Pa. Pop. 265. Jackson, t. Louisa co. Va. Jackson, co. Geo. on the forks of the Oconee. Pop. 8,355. Slaves 1,997. Engaged in agricul- ture 2,520, in commerce 28, in manufactures 150. Chief town, Jefferson. Jackum, co. Alabama. Pop. 8,751. Slaves 539. Engaged in agriculture 2,654, in commerce 12, in manufactures 68. Jackton, t. Clarke co. Alabama, on the E. bank of the Tombigbee, 10 m. below St. Stephens. Jackson, co. Mississippi, on the gulf of Mexico, at the mouth of thr Pascagoula. Pop, 1,682. Slaves 321. Engaged in agriculture 452, in com- merce 10, in manufactures 11. Jackson, p-t. and cap. Feliciana co. Louisiana, onThomppon's creek, 12m. W. of the Mississippi. Its public buildings are a court-house, jail and academy. Pop. 200. Jackson, co. West-Tennessee, on Cumberland river. Pop. 7,593. Slaves 750. Engaged in ag- riculture 4,311, in commerce 14, in manufactures 105. Chief town, Williamson. At the court-house is a post-office. Jackson, co. Ohio,E. of Ross and Pike counties. Sq. miles, 490. Pop. 3, 746. Engaged in agricul- ture 901, in commerce 7, in manufactures 94. Chief town, Jackson. Jackson, p-t. and cap. Jackson co. Ohio, 28 m. S. E. Chillicothe. Pop. 334. Jackson, t. Champaign co. Ohio. Pop. 519. Jackson, t. Franklin co. Ohio, on the Scioto, 7 m , below Columbus. Pop. 310. Jackson, t. Highland co. Ohio. Pop. 696. Jackson, t. Knoxco. Ohio. Pop. 1,128. Jackson, t. Monroe co. Ohio, on Ohio river, 9 m. S.Woodsfield. Pop. 594. Jackson, t. Montgomery co. Ohio, 14 m. W. Dayton. Pop. 1,099. Jackson, t. Muskingum co. Ohio, 16 m. N. W. Zanesville. Pop. 330. Jackson, t. Perry co. Ohio, 8 m. S. Somerset. Pop. 860. Jackson, t. Pickaway co. Ohio, on the Scioto, 5 m. above Circleville. Pop. 975. Jackson, t. Pike co. Ohio, on the Scioto, 5 m. above Piketon. Pop. 853. Jackson, t. Preble co. Ohio. Pop. 615. Jackson, t. Stark co. Ohio. Pop. 521. Jackson, t. Trumbull co. Ohio. Pop. 1 18. Jackson, t. Wayne co. Ohio. Pop. 236. Jackson, co. Indiana, on the E. fork of White river. Pop. 4,010. Engaged in agriculture 650, 352 J A E in commerce 4, in manufactures 53. Chief town, Brownstown. Jackson, co. Illinois, on the Mississippi. Pop. 1,524. Engaged in agriculture 34, in commerce 20, in manufactures 30. Chief town, Browns- ville. Jackson, p-t. and cap. Cape Girardeau co. Mis- souri, 12m. N.W. Cape Girardeau, 10 m. from the Mississippi. Jacksonborough, t. Colleton district, S. C. on the W. side of Edisto river, 33m. W. Charleston. Jacksonborough, p-t. and cap. Scriven co. Geo. en Briar creek, 69 m. N. W. Savannah, 54 S. E. Augusta. Jacksonburg, t. and cap. Campbell co. East Ten- nessee, N. of Knoxville. Jacksonburg, p-t. Butler co, Ohio, 8 m. N. Ham- ilton. Jackson, Cape, on the coast of New Holland. Lon. 175 10 E. Lat.40 54' S. Jackson's mills, p-v. Harrison co. Va. Jackson's river, Va. rises in the Warm Spring mountains, and flowing S. W. is joined by Cow- pasture river, and forms James river. Near its source is a perpendicular fall of 200 feet. Jackson town, p-v. Jackson co. Alabama. Jacksonville, p-v. Wood co. Va. Jacksonville, p-v. Louisa co. Va. Jacksonville, or Telfairton, t. and cap. Telfair co. Geo. Jacksonville, v. Fairfield co. Ohio, 18 m. N. W. Lancaster. Jacmel. See Jaquemel. Jacob's creek, r. Fa. which runs into the Youg- hiogany, in Westmoreland co. Jacobshagen, t. Prussian States, in Pomerania, 16 m. E. Stargard. Lon. 15 30' E. Lat. 53 25' N. Pop. 1,500. Jacobstadt, t. Russia, in Courland, on the Dwi- na, 80 m. S. S. E. Riga. Jacobstadt, t. Russia, in Finland, on the gulf of Bothnia, 50 m. N. N. E. Wasa. Lon. 21 36' E. Lat 36 C 41' N. Pop. 1,600. JacoLstown, t. Belmont co. Ohio. Jacotta, t. India, in Cochin. Lon. 76 1' E. Lat. 10 14' N. Jacques C artier, r. Lower Canada, which rises in some small lakes, in Ion. 71 20' W. lat. 48 N. and falls into the St. Lawrence in the seigniory of the same name. Jacques Cartier, seigniory, Hampshire co. Low- er Canada, on the N. side of the St. Lawrence, 24 m. W. Quebec. Jaen, province, Spain, forming the E. part of Andalusia, and bounded N. by La Mancha, E. by Murcia and Granada, S. by Granada, and W. by Cordova. Extent, 4,730 sq. miles. Pop. in 1803, 207,000. Wine, oil, silk, and corn, are the prin- cipal productions. Jatn, city, Spain, in Andalusia, and cap. of the province of Jaen, on the banks of the Guadalbu- lon. It is surrounded by walls flanked with tow- ers, is neatly built, and has several handsome churches and squares. It is a bishop's see ; and the cathedral is a noble structure. 36 m. N . G ra- nada, 65 E. Cordova. Lon. 3 51' W. Lat. 37 48' N. Pop. 27,500. Jaen De Bracamoros, province, Quito, bounded N. by Loja and Quixos, E. by Mainas, S. and W. by Peru. Its commerce consists in cotton, tobac- co, and mules. Jaen, the capital, has 4,000 inhab- itants. 314 m. S. Quito, 96 S. E.Loxa. Lon. 78 33' W. Lat. 5 25' S. JAG Jafa, a district of Arabia, in the S. E. of Yemen, bordering on Hadramaut. It is fertile, anel abounds in coffee and cattle. Jaffa, t. Palestine, near the coast of the Medi- terranean, called anciently Joppa. It is celebra- ted in Scripture history as the place whence Jonah embarked for Tarshish, and as that where St. Peter restored Tabitha to life. It is now inhabit- ed by Turks and Arabs, with a mixture of Greeks, Maronites and Armenians. The general appear- ance of the place is now very desolate. Its har- bour is one of the worst in the Mediterranean. It is a resort of pilgrims to the Holy Land, being sit- uated directly in the way to Jerusalem. In 1799, Jaffa being taken by Bonaparte, became the scene of that massacre of prisoners, of which so many reports have been spread. According to Sir Rob- ert Wilson, four days after its surrender, 3,800 were led to a field near the town, and publicly shot. Bonaparte has since acknowledged to lord Ebrington and Mr. Warden, that it took place to the extent of 500 ; and he justified it on the ground that these were Naplousian prisoners, who, after being taken and dismissed on parole, had joined the garrison of Jaffa. 40 m. W. Jerusalem. Lon. 3453'E. Lat. 32 2 ' N. Jaffierabad, t. Hind, in Gujerat, near the sea. Lon.' 70 3' E. Lat. 20 56' N. Jaffier Gunge, t. Hind, in Hyderabad. Lon. 79 25' E. Lat. 17 52' N. Jaffna, or Jaffnapatam, district in the N. ex- tremity of Ceylon, and considered as the most healthy and populous of the island. It is nearly surrounded by the sea, which renders it cool ; and being clear of woods, it produces abundance of fruit and vegetables, and raises a considerable quantity of sheep and poultry. The woods which separate this district from the Candian provinces are inhabited by a savage people, known by the name of Vaddahs, and supposed to have been the aborigines of the country. The Wesleyan Meth- odists, and the American Board of Foreign Mis- sions, have stations in this district. See Ceylon. Jaffna, the capital of the above district, is at some distance from the sea, but communicates with it by a river navigable for large boats. It has a manufacture of cotton goods ; and its artifi- cers are esteemed the best in the island. The in- habitants are principally Mahometans ; but since Ceylon wag taken by the English, many of the country born Dutch families have settled there, as being a cheaper and healthier place than Colum- bo. It is also the residence of the superintendent of the district, is garrisoned by the British troops, and is esteemed the second town on the island. Lon. 80" 9' E. Lat. 9 45' N. ,/jfrey,p-t. Cheshire co. New Hampshire, 36 m. S. W. Concord. Pop. 1,339. Here are found red and yellow ochre, alum, vitriol, and black lead. A company is incorporated for the manufacture of earthern ware. Grand Monadnock mountain is in this town. Jaffnoo, kingdom of Central Africa, between Ludamar, Kaarta, and Gedumah. Jagcnagur. Sec Tippera. Juar pore, or Jehazpore, t. Hindostan, in Orissa, on the Byturnee river. Lon. 86" 35' E. Lat. 20 SO'N. Jagerndorf, or Karnowils, t. Silesia, 12 m. N. W. Troppau, 20 W. Ratibor. Lon. 17 40' E. Lat. 50 N. Pop. 4,649. Jagersdorf, Gross t v. East Prussia, 30 m. W. Gumbinnen. JAM Jaggernat. See Juggernauik. Ja<*ierdarpore, t. Hind, in Gundwana, on the Inderowty. Lon. 82 21' E. Lat. 19 26' N. Jagodna, t. Eu. Turkey, in Servia, 50 m. N. N. W. Nissa, 60 S. S. E. Belgrade. Lon. 20 56' E. Lat. 44" 15' N. Jagra, or Giarra, country, W. Africa, S. of the Gambia. Jagraam, t. Hind, in Delhi. Lon. 75 E. Lat. 30 47' N. Jagua, settlement, Cuba, 85 m. W. S. W. Ha- vannah. Jaguaribe, r. Brazil, which enters the Atlantic, in Ion. 38 10'W. lat. 4 S. Jahde, or Jade, r. Germany, which forms at its mouth a considerable bay in the North sea, in Ion. 8 12' 43" E. lat. 53 20' 45" N. Jahjoic, t. Hind, in Agra. Lon. 77 52' E. Lat. S659'N. Jahorlick, r. Russian Poland, forming the S. E. boundary of Podolia, and falling into the Dnies- ter. Jaicze, or Jaidscha, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bosnia, on the Verbas, 25 W. S. W. Serajo. Jajgur, t. and fort, Hind, and cap. of a district in Ajmeer. Jaina, or Haina, district, St. Domingo. Jairier, t. Hind, in Delhi, on the Jumna. Lon. 7828;E. Lat. 25 9 N Jukin, r. Slave coast of Africa, which separates Ardra from Benin, and falls into the sea at Great Popo. Jalkau, or Jalkowils, t. Bohemia, 6 m. S. E. Czaslau. Jallindhcr. t. Hind, in Lahore. Lon. 75 25' E. Lat. 31 16' N. Jallonkadoo, country, Africa, of considerable ex- tent, on the head waters of the Senegal. The Jal- lonkas, are governed by a number of petty chiefs, commonly at enmity with each other. A great part of the country is a desert. Jalnah, district, Hind, in Aurungabad, between 19 and 20 N. lat. Jalnah, the capital, is in Ion. 7634'E. lat. 1945'N. Jalojfs, or Oualojj's, people of Africa, between the lower part of the Gambia and the Senegal. They are the handsomest negroes in this part of Africa. The Jaloffs profess the Mahometan reli- gion. They are fearless hunters and brave war- riors. Jalooan, t. Hind, in Agra, on the S. side of the Sind river. Lon. 79 23' E. Lat. 26 7 N. Jalore, fortress, Hind, in Ajmeer. Lon. 72 56' E. Lat. 25 44' N. Jalore, t. Hind, in Ajmeer, belonging to the rajah of Odeypore. Lon. 74 20' E. Lat. 24 47 .\. Jama, r. Quito, which enters the Pacific ocean, in lat. T 30' S. Jamaica, one of the West India islands belong- ing to Great Britain. It is of an oval form, about 160 miles long, and on a medium, 40 broad. Ex- tent, 6,200 sq. miles. It is divided into three counties, namely, Middlesex, Surry, and Corn- wall. A lofty range of mountains runs through the whole island from E. to W. dividing it into two parts, and rising in some of its most elevated peaks to 7,431 feet above the level of the sea. On the north side of the island the land rises from tJif -hore into hills. In the centre, the elevated mountain? are clothed with almost boundless for- ests. On the S. side, vast plains stretch along the foot of the meuntaiiw, chiefly covered with the 45 JAM 353 Sugar cane. The soil of Jamaica is in some places deep and fertile, but the greatest part of the isl- and is incapable of cultivation. Out of 4,080,000 acres which the island contains, about 2,000,000 have been granted to individuals by patent from the crown, and not more than 1,000,000 is at pre- sent under cultivation. Of this number, about 639,000 acres are laid out in sugar plantations, and 280,000 in breeding farms. The legislature of Jamaica is composed of a governor, of a coun- cil nominated by the crown, consisting of ^gen- tlemen, and a house of assembly containing 43 members, who are elected by the freeholders. The most important exports are sugar, rum, mo- lasses, and coffee, and next to these cocoa, cotton, indigo, pimento, and ginger. The amount of sugar exported has gradually increased from 11, 000hhds.ini 722, to 140,000 in 1802. In 1791, the coffee exported amounted to about 600,000 Ibs. In 1804, it had increased to 22,000,000 Ibs.; and in 1807, to 28,500,000 Ibs. The whole value of the exports in 1744, was 600,000/.; in 1809, 3,033,234/.; and in 1810, 2,303,179/. The value of the imports in 1809, was 4.068,897/.; in 1810, 4,303,337/. The population of Jamaica in 1746, was 112,428 slaves, and about 10/KSO whites ; iii 1812, according to an official return, 319,912 slaves, and the number of whites and free people of color was estimated at 40,000, making a total of 359,912. The United Brethren, the Bap- tists, and the Methodists employ missionaries in this island, principally among the negroes. The centre of the island is in lou. 76 45'" W. lat. 18 12' N. Jamaica, t. Windham co. Vt. 32 m. S. W. Windsor. Pop. 1,313. Jamaica, p-t. Queen's co. on Long Island, N. Y. 13 m. E. New York. Pop. in 1810, 2,110. The village is the largest and handsomest in the county, and contains an academy and 3 churches, a Dutch, a Presbyterian and an Episcopal. Jamaica plains, in Koxbury, Mass. 6 m. from Boston, remarkable for its beautiful scensry and elegant country seats. Jambee, district on the N. E. coast of Sumatra. Jambee, the capital, is about 60 m. fr. the sea, on a river which is navigable for boats. Lon. 103 39' E. Lat. 1 24' S. Jamber, small isl. near the W. coast of Africa. LatlO21'N. Jambo, s-p. Hedsjas, in Arabia, 72 m. S. W. Medina. Jamboo. See Jumboo. Jamburg, t. Eu, Russia, 76 m. S. W. St. Peters- burgh. Lon. 28 50' E. Lat. 59 26' N. James Bay, bay, at the most southern part of Hudson's Bay, with which it communicates. It contains several islands, among which are Bear, Viners, Charleton, and Agomisco islands. Michi- picatan river, which falls into Lake Superior, has its source towards this bay, from whence there is said to be but a short portage to Moose river,which falls into James bay. James city, co. Va. between Chickahominy and James rivers. Pop. 3,161. Slaves 1,677. En- gaged in agriculture 1,144, in commerce 1, in manufactures 44. Chief town, Williamsburg. James city, p-t. Madison co. Va. James creek, r. Del. which runs into Delaware bay, 1 1 m. below Hook island. James, Fort, fort, Barbadoes, near Bridge- town. JamfJt, Fort, t. W. Africa, cap. of the English 354 JAN JAP settlements on the Gambia, on a bank in the mid- dle of the river. James Island, on the coast of 8. C. lies on the S. side of Ashley river, opposite Charleston. It is separated from John"? island on the \\ '. by Stono river. Here is a Presbyterian chuivh. Fort Johnston is on this island. James Rirrr, Virginia, rises in the valley on the E. side of the Alleghany mountains, and breaking 1 through the Blue Ridge, pursues a course S. of E. and falls into the southern part of Chesapeake bay. A 40 gun ship can ascend as far as James- town ; vessels of 250 tons to Warwick, and those of 125 tons to Rockets, a mile below Richmond. At this city, the navigation was formerly inter- rupted by the Great Falls, which in 7 miles de- ?ccnd -43 feet ; but a canal around them is now completed, and the river has been rendered navi- gable 230 miles further for boats drawing 12 inch- es water. The Board of Public Works in Virgin- ia have reported in favor of a canal to connect James river with the Ohio. Such a canal, they suppose, would have many advantages over the Grand canal in New York, and would divert much of the trade of the western country to the ports of Virginia. James rirer. Arkansas, rises in the highlands a few miles S. of the Gasconade, and running S. W. 200 miles, during which course it receives Find- ley's river avid other streams, enters White river '1,000 mile? from its mouth. The soil on its banks i.~ among the most fertile of any in the valley of the Mississippi. Lead mines occur on its banks 20 m. above the junction of Findley's river. ^ t. Newport co. R. I. comprising Ca- nouicut island, 3m. W. Newport, 30 S. Provi- dence. Pop. 448. It is 8 miles long, and 1 broad. At the S. end is Beavertail light-louse, Jamtsloirn, p-v. Chatauque co. N. Y. Jwii'.slou'n,'p-t. Priuce Edward co. Va. V2 m. N. E. of the Court-house. Jamestown, p-t. Guilfordco. N. C. Jamestown 1 1. James city co. Va. on a peninsula, on the N. side of James river, 32 m. from its mouth, 8 S. S. \V. Williamsburg. It was founded in 1608, and is the oldest English settlement in the IT. S. It is now in ruins, and in 1777 contain- ed only one family. Jamc.stmall pox. Their number which at first was esti- mated at 15,000, does not, by the late census, ox- le> the natives, there are Cos- ul Russian soldiers, to the number of 3(JO, and about 1,000 criminals, convicted of murder and other atrocious crimes, who, as a punishment equal to death, are banished to this remote and in* KAN hospitable region. The trade of Russia with Kamschatka is carried on from Irkoutsk by way of Okhotsk. The imports, besides brandy, are nankeens and other Chinese stuffs, together with various commodities of Russian and foreign manu- facture. The only export is furs, the amount of which is valued at from 50,000 to 100,000 rubles. Kamyschen, or Demitrefsk, t. Eu. Russia, in Sar- atov, on the VVolga, 90 m. S. Saratov. Lon. 45 24' 15 ' E. Lat. 50 5' 6'' N. Pop. 2,000. Kamysclilova, t. Russia, in Perm. Pop. 2,100. Lon. 61" 20' E. Lat. 56 50' N. Kanadai, t. Eu. Russia, 123 m. S. W. Simbirsk. Pop. 1,800. Kanany, isl. in the Eastern sea. Lon. 129 36' 30'' E. Lat. 1 47' 30'' S. Kancaba, t. Manding,in W. Africa, 50 m. S.W. Bammakoo. Kan-choo-foo, city, China, in the province of Kiangsi, at the junction of two considerable riv- ers. Lon. 1 1 4 30' E. Lat. 25 52' N. Kanda, t. Congo, in W. Africa, 30 m. N. E. St. Salvador. Kandahar. See Candahar. Randal, s-p. Abyssinia, on the Red sea, 150m. S. E. Arkeeko. Kandel, r. Swiss canton of Bern, which falls into the Aar below Thun. Kane, r. Tomsk, in A. Russia, which falls into the Yenisei. Kanebadam, t. Independent Tartary, on the Si- hon, 64 leagues N. E. Samarcand. Kanem. See Canem. Kanga, s-p. Loango, in West Africa. Kangaroo Island, on the S. coast of New Hol- land. Lon. of Cangaroo Head, 137 58' 31" E. Lat. 35 43' S. Kangelang, isl. in the Eastern sea, about 24 miles long. Lon. 115 44' E. Lat. 6 37' S. Kangrah, or Calochin, district, Hind, in Lahore, S. W. of the Himaleh mountains between Beyah and Rauvy rivers. Kangrah, or Kote Kangrah, a celebrated for- tress of Hindostan, on the N. part of the province of Lahore. Lon. 75 50' E. Lat. 32 20' N. Kanhawa. See Ktnliawa. Kaniev, or Kaniov, t. Russian Poland, on the Dnieper, 70 m. S. by E. Kiev. Kanijee, t. Hind, in Gujerat, 5 m. S. Rhadun- pore. Kardn-Nos, isthmus in the Frozen ocean, be- tween the White sea ,and the bay of Tscherkoja- G uba. Lon. 44" 34' E. Lat. 68 37' 47" N. Kanus, t. Africa, on the Nile, 25 m. E. S. E. Dongola. Kanitz, t. Moravia, on the Iglau, 10m. S. W. Brunn. Lon. 16 21' E. Lat. 49 4' N. Pop. 1,600. Kankakee, r. which rises near the head waters ef thf St. Joseph's of Michigan, in Indiana, and .: into Illinois, unites with Desplanes, to form the river Illinois. In time of high water, boats pass from the Kankakee to the St. Joseph's. Kanklto, or Kankiang-ho,r. China, in the prov- ince of Kiangsee, flowing from N. to S. and falling into Poyang lake. Kamas, r. Missouri Territory, which rises in the plains between the Platte and the Arkansas, and joins the Missouri in lat. 39 5' N. 340 m. above its mouth. It is navigable 900 miles. Kansas, Indians, Missouri ter. reside 300 miles up the Kansai river, in one village. Number about 800. K A R 367 Kanskoe, small isl. Sweden, at the entrance of the Cattegat. Kantcheou, t. near the N. W. extremity of Chi- na. Kantera el, v. Africa, 14m. S. Tunis. Kanth, t. Silesia, on the Westritz, 12m. S.W. Breslau. Pop. 1,000. Kantore, small kingdom of W. Africa, on the S, side of the Gambia, opposite Wooly. Kanuehine, cape, Russia, Lon. 44 51' E. Lat. 67" 10' 31" N. Kansach, r. Suabia, which falls into the Dan- ube, below Riedlingen. Kanzir, cape, A. Turkey in Adana. Lon. 33 39' E. Lat. 36 17' 50 ' N. Kao, one of the Friendly islands in the S. Pa- cific ocean, called also Aghao,or Oghao, and Kay- bay. Lon. 1 84 58' E. Lat. 19 42' S. Kaotcheoufou, city, China, in the province of Quang-tong, 36 m. from the sea, on a river, which is navigable up to the city. 200 m. E. S. E. Can- ton. Lon. 110 4' E. Lat. 21 40' N. Kapello, Cape, the S. point of the island ofCeri- go, in the Mediterranean. Kapendritti, Can. Trisorythus,} v. Greece. Be- tween this place and Marathon was fought the famous battle of Marathon. Kapini hie, isl. about 25 miles in circumfer- ence, off the W. coast of Sumatra. Kaplits, t. Bohemia, on the Malsch, 9 m. S. E. Crumau. Pop. 1,400. Kapnik, or Sanyo, Kapnik, t. Transylvania, in Kovar, 37 m. N. by E. Clausenburg. Kapnik-Banja, t. Transylvania, 55 m. N. by E. Clausenburg. Kappel, or Windisch Kappel, t. Austrian Illyria, in Cariuthia, 18 m. S. E. Klagenfurt. Kapsdorf, or Kaposztafalu, v. Hungary, 26 m, N. N. W. Cassovia. Pop. 900. Kapuvar, t. Hungary, 21 m. E. by S. Oeden- burg. Karasilar, t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, 40 m, W. Burgas. Pop. 7,000. Karagol, Cape, (an. Posodium,} promontory on the N. E. coast of Corfu. Karagool, v. Armenia, on the Morad, 75 m. S. E. Erzerum. Karak, isl. in the Persian gulf. It contains 12 or 13 square miles, and affords a safe anchorage at all seasons. Lat. 29 14' N. Karakakooa, bay on the W. end of the island of Owhyhee. Lon. 204 E. Lat. 19 28' N. Karakal, or Karakalla, t. Eu. Turkey, in Wa- lachia, 85 m. W. S. W. Bucharest, 65 E. S. E. Widdin. Lon. 25 58' E. Lat. 44 4' N. Karakalpacs, a people of Tartary, who inhabit the country E. of the Aral, and N. of the Sihon or Jaxartes. Karakita, small isl. in the Eastern sea, S. of San- gir. Lon. 125 25' E. Lat. 3 7' N. Karaman, or Caraman, city of Caramania, ia Asia Minor. It trades with Caesarea, Smyrna, and Tarsus, and has an extensive manufacture of blue cotton cloth. 55m. S. Kouieh, 67 N. Kelen- dri. Karamurad, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria, 22 m. N. W. Mancalia. Karamusal, t. Asia Minor, on the sea of Marmo- ra, 36 m. N. N. E. Bursa. Karamuslafalar, t. Romania, 20 m. N. by E. Philippopoli. Karanevacz, t. Eu. Turkey, in Servia, on the Morava, 22 m, N. W. Kursumblia. 368 K A R K A S Karang Sambong, t. Java, on a fine river, 168 aa. S. E. Batavia. Karankalla, t.Kaarta, inW. Africa, 10 m. W. Kemmoo. Karasch, r. Hungary, which joins the Danube atUj-Palanka. Karasjee, t. Hind, in Bejapore. Lon. 75 28' E. Lat. 17' 26' N. Karass, a Tartar village, at an equal distance from the Euxme and Caspian seas, under the Rus- sian government, within a few days' journey of Persia, and Bukharia, and within 50 miles of Tur- key. This place is pccupied by the Scotch Mis- sionaries, sent out by the Edinburgh Society in 1803. Besides endeavouring to instruct the Tar- tars in Christianity, they have purchased many native youth?, slaves to the Circassians and Kuban Tartars, and have formed a school, in which they are taught the Turkish and English languages. The Russian government has made a grant of land to the mission, and annexed to the grant some important privileges. The New Testament and several Tracts have been translated by the Mis- sionaries, and widely dispersed, by means of travellers and pilgrims. Many difficulties have arisen from the unsettled state of the country, and the perpetual irruptions of the hostile Tartars. Karasu, (an. Mons Panga,us) mt. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, which forms the E. boundary of Ma- eedon. Karasu, r. Eu. Turkey, which falls into the Archipelago, opposite the island of Thasos. Karasu, r. Persia. See Kerah. Kara, siij r. Asia Minor, which falls into the Ki- zil Irmak. Karasubarar, t. Eu. Russia, in the Crimea, 35 m. N. E. Bakishisarai. Pop. 2,500. Karatschev, t. Eu. Russia, on the river Sneshat, 50m. W. by N. Orel. Kara Verio. See Vtria. Kardanah, (an. Be/its,) r. Palestine, which falls into the Mediterranean, 8 m. S. Acre. Kardszagj t. Hungary, cap. of Great Kumania, 43 m. N. by W. Bakes. Pop. 8,500. Karewittee, district, on the E. side of Ceylon, between 7 and 8 N. lat. Kargala, t. Eu. Russia, in Orenburg, on the Sakmara. Pop. 2,000. Kargala, 3 small rivers in Orenburg, A. Rus- sia, which fall into the Samara. Kargaldzin, lake, Russian Tartary, 340 m. S. Orenburg. Kargate, r. Tomsk, in Siberia, which falls into Lake Tchani. Kargaiv, t. Hind, in Khandesh. Lon. 75 35' E. Lat. 21 54" N. Karge, or Kargova, t. Prussian Poland, 49 m. S.W.Posen. Pop. 1,750. KargOfjol, t. Russia, on the river Onega, where it issues from lake Lat^cha, 196 m. E. Olonetz. Lon. 38 50' E. Lat. 61 30' N. Pop. 5,000. Kariadeh, v. Asia Minor, 18 m. W. Smyrna. Karical, t. India, in Tanjore. The territory around is extremely fertile ; and there are exten- sive salt-works in its vicinity. The fort is on the N. side of a small river, one of the branches of the Cauvery. Lon. 79 54' E. Lat. 10 5/V \ Karitza, t. Greece, in Magnesia, 2i m. N. E. Thanaton. Karkarlang, small isl. in the Pacific. Lon. 126 59' E. Lat. 4 45' N. Karkov. See Charkov. Karlsburg, er Lower Weissenburg, a palatinate of Transylvania, lying along the Maroah, on the border of Hungary. Extent, 1,800 square miles. Pop nearly 100,000. Karlsburg, Alba Carolina, or Belgrad, t. Tran- sylvania, on the Vlarosch, formerly the resiil. nee of the princes of Transylvania. It is* the only reg- ular fortress ol the country, is a bishop's see, and has 7,500 inhabitants. 32m. N. W. Hermannstadt, 49 S. by W.Clausenburg. Lon. 23 34' E. Lat. 46" 4' N. Kaalscrona. See Bleckingen. Kar (shaven, t. Hesse Cassel, 22 m. N. Cassel. Pop. 1,100. Karlstatit, a circle of Austrian Illyria. Extent, 1 ,540 square miles. Pop. 108,000. Carlstadt is the capital. Karlstadt, an extensive government of Sweden, comprising almost the whole of the ancient prov- ince of V\" armeland. Extent, 4,267 square miles. Pop. 140,000. The capital is Carlstadt. Karlstein, t. Lower Austria, on the Theya, 7 m. N. W. Waidhofen, 19 N. byE. Zwetl. Karmoc, isl. Norway, at the entrance of the bay ofStavanger, in Christiansand. Karnac. See Carnac. Karnowils. See Jagerndorf. Karoota, small district, Abyssinia, S. of Begem- der. Karolscha, t. Eu. Russia, in Kursk, 30 m. N. E. Bielgorod. Pop. 4,000. pi near the borders of Kentucky. Kusko, or Kaskoken, t. Eu. Russia, in Finland, on an island in the gulf of Bothnia, opposite Wasa. Luu. 21" 10' 35" E. Lat. 62)' 22' 10" \. Kasmark, Kesmark, Kaisersmark, t. Hungary, Poprad. A large quantity of excellent lin- ti'i -ictured here, and exported. 164 m. i :. Presburg. Lon. 20 27' E. Lat. 49 7' N. ...XK). Kiassera, (an. Nicopolis^ s-p. Egypt, 5 m. N. I- Alexandria. Kassan, t. W. Africa, in Yani, on the Gambia. 36m. \.W. Pisania. ", kingdom, Central Africa, on the up- pt-r part of the Senegal, having Kaarta on the E. in- 1 KajaagaontheW. ffiutente, (an. Castabala,} t. Asia Minor, 45 m. on. Kiutri, t. Greece, in the Morea, near the site of the ancient Hennione. 47 KAY 369 Kastricum, Cape, cape on Company's island, in the Pacific. Lon. 151 40' E. Lat. 46 30' N. Katahdin, or Ktadne, lofty mt. Maine, 80 m. N. Bangor . It commands an extensive prospect, em- bracing 72 lakes. Kaiapang, small isl. in the Eastern sea, near the N. coast of Java. Lon. 113 22' E. Lat. 7 39' S. Katchins, people, A. Russia, in Tomsk, on the Yenisei, in number about 6,000. Katerly, (an. Drepanum,*) t. Asia Minor, on a bay of the sea of Marmora. Katerskill, the S. branch of the Catskill. Its mouth is 2 m. W. of the Hudson. Kalharinoslau. See Ekaterinoslav Katinna, city of Interior Africa, in Houssa, a month's journey N. of the Niger. Katirli. See Katerly. Katisti, t. Asia Minor, on the sea of Marmora, 36 m. S. Constantinople. Katlabuga, r. Eu. Russia, in Bessarabia, which joins the Danube, 5 m. E. Ismael. Katoul) t. Hind, in Berar. Katrin, t. Eu. Turkey, in Thessaly, 36 m. S. by W. Salonica. Pop. 1,500. Katrine Loch. See Kelterin, Loch. Katskill. See Catskill. Katlenbrunn, mt. Germany, in Salisbury: it rises above 9,340 feet in height. Katsbach, r. Silesia, which joins the Oder near Leubus. Kavenaughj p-t. Wilson co. Ten. Kaufbearen, t. Bavarian states, in Saubia, on the Wertach, 38 m. S. by W. Augsburg. Lon. 10 26' 5'' E. Lat. 47" 53' 30" N. Pop. 4,200. Kauffungen, v Hesse-Cassel, on the Losse, 5 m. S. E. Cassel. Pop. 1 ,540. Knukeban, t. Yemen, in Arabia, 18m W. Sana. Kaunilz, or Lower Kanits, t. Moravia, on the Iglawa, 6 m. S. S. W Brunn. Kaursim, circle, Austrian dominions, in Bohe- mia, between the Elbe and (he viulduu. Extent, 1,030 square miles. Pop. 142,000. Kaursim, t. Bohemia, 43 m. W. S. W. Konig- ingratz. Lon. 15 5' E. Lat. 49 56' N. POD 1,550. Kavschani, t. Eu. Russia, in Bessarabia, on the Kotna, 12 m. S. Bender. Kautzen, t. Lower Austria, 9 m. N. Waidho- fen. Kawar. See Kuara. Kaweel, district, Hind, in Bcrar, between 21 and 22 N. lat. The chief town is Eilichpora. Kawuck, t. Cabul. Lon 69 C 30' E. Lat 35 40' N. Kay arid Palsig, 2 villages of Prussia, in the New Mark of Brandenburg, 7 m. W. :\. W Zal- lichau. Kayadarossoras,Y. Saratoga co. N. Y. which fails into Saratoga lake. Kaybee, country of interior Africa, 33 journies N. Ashantee, 9 beyond Kong. Kay coon Point, cape on the VV. coast of Celebes. Lon. 129 50' E. Lat. 3 22' S. Kaye, t. Africa, 10 m. N. W. Loango. Kaye's Island, in the Pacific ocean, near the W. coast of N. America, about 30 miles long and four broad. Lon. 216" 58' E. Lat. 59" 49' N. Kayee, v. W. Africa, on the Senegal, 55 m. E. Gallam. Kaygers' creek, r. Ohio, which runs into the Ohio, 10 m. above Gallipolis. '370 K E E Kaynsham. See Keynsham. Kctyoo, v. Bambarra, in Africa, on the Niger, 60 m. E. N. E. Bammakoo. Kavor, Kingdom of, on the coast of W. Africa. Lon. 14 40' W. Lat. 17 N. Kaywerree, country of interior Africa, N. of Kaybee, and 36 journies N. of Ashantee. Kazan. See Kasan- Kazeroon, t Farsistan, in Persia, 70 m. W. Schi- ras. Lon. 51 43' E. Lat 29 44' N. Pop. 3,000 or 4,000. Kazimiers, or Casimir, t. Poland, on the Vistu- la, 25 m. W. Lublin, 70 S. S. E. Warsaw. Kca, v. Bambarra, in Africa, 65 m. N. E. Sego. Reach, r. Eng. which falls into the Tivy below Kennarlh. Keady, v. Ireland, in Armagh, on the river Cal- len, 58 m. fr. Dublin. Keanpan Head,czpe, Scotland, on the island of Lewis. Lon. 6 5' W. Lat. 58 15' N. Kearnsville, p-v. Northampton co. Pa. Kearsarge, mt. N. H. in Sutton, about 25 m. N. W. Concord. Kearsarge. See Pigwachet. Kearsarge gore, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 16 m. W. Concord. Pop. 125. Kearsley, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 4 m. S. E. Great Bolton. Pop. 1,388. Keaslcloicn, t. Rockingham co. Va. Kebby, r. Wales, in Monmouthshire, which falls into the Uske near Abergavenny. Kebct, small isl. in the Eastern sea. Lon. 130 40' E. Lat. 7 10' S. Kedar, (an. Kadard) Syria, on the river Jermuk, 50 m. N. Jerusalem. Kedar nath, a celebrated place of Hindoo pil- grimage, in the mountains of Serinagur. Lon. 79 19' E. Lat. 32 N. Keddleston, v. Eng. in Derbyshire, chiefly noted for its mineral spring. Pop. 144. 5m. N.Der- by. Kedeh-Farah, t. Asia Minor, in Sivas, 30 m. W. Samsoun. Kedgeree, t. Bengal, near the mouth of the Hoogly. Lon. 88 16' E. Lat. 21 55' N. Kedingen, district, Hanover, in Bremen, on the Elbe. Pop. 6,500. Kedkevarefjall,mt. Lulea Lappmark, in N. lat. 67 28'. Keelan Isle, small isl. off the W. extremity of Ceram. Lon. 127 55' E. Lat. 3 15' S. Keema-Kedan, cluster of islands in the Eastern seas. Lon. 124 36' E. Lat. 10 30' N. Keen, or Kayndue.ni River, the second principal river in the Birman empire. It is supposed to rise in the mountains which divide Assam from Ava, and falls into the Irrawuddy at Miondap, in lat. 21 45' N. Keene, p-t. and cap. Cheshire co. N. H. on a tongue of land between the two principal branches of Ashuclot river, 14 m. S. E. Walpole, 55 W. S. W. Concord, 95 W. Portsmouth, 79 W. N. W. Boston. The village is one of the handsomest in New-England, and contains a court-house, jail, bank, church, and about 60 dwelling houses. About a mile from the village a canal is cut from the Ashuelot, on which is a woollen factory, :in oil mill, and several other mills. Pop. 1 Keene, p-t. Essex co. N. Y. 140 m. N. Albany. Pop. 605. Here are extensive iron works. Keerpoy, t. Bengal, in Burdwan. Lon. 87 44' E. Lat. 22 46' N. Kecr-weer, Cape, cape, New Holland, in the K E L gulf of Carpentaria. Lon. 141 33' E. Lat. 13' 58' S. Keelen, Great and Little, 2 villages of North Holland, one 4, and the other 6 m. S. of the Hel- der. Ktff, t. in the interior of Tunis, near the E. bank of the river Mejerdah, 70 m. W. S. W. of Tunis. Kf-ffing, isl. in the Eastern seas, S. E. of Ceram. Lon. 130E. Lat. 3 50' S. KeJU, v. Irak Arabi, which the Jews and Ma- hometans hold in peculiar veneration as the tomb of the prophet Ezekiel, 14 m. S. Hillab. Kejken, small isl. of the Black sea. Lon. 30 40' E. Lat. 41 6' N. Kefreen, v. Syria, 15 m. fr. Aleppo. Keft. See KufL Keger Point, the N. W. extremity of Fisher's island, on the coast of Lapland, 25 m. S. E. Ward- huis. It was formerly the station of the Danish fish staples. Kehl, t. in the S. W. of Germany, in the grand dutchy of Baden, on the Rhine, opposite Stras- burg. It is of great importance in a military sense, on account of the bridge across the Rhine, and the well known fort in the immediate vicinity, which was built by Vauban. In the wars with Germa- ny, the French have always endeavoured to make themselves masters of it, and generally with suc- cess. Kehoa. s-p. Tonquin. Lon. 105 21' E. Lat. 19* 12'N. Keighley, t. Eng. in Yorkshire. The inhabit- ants are chiefly supported by the cotton, linen, and worsted manufactures, which are carried on here with great industry and spirit ; the latter es- pecially employing a great number of hands. 40 m. W. York, 12 N. Halifax, 207 or 210 N. W. London. Lon. 1 55' W. Lat. 53 52' N. Pop. 6,864. Keisenlik, t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, 55 m. N. E. Phjlippopoli. Keiskamma, r. Kaffraria, in S. Africa, falling in- to the Indian sea. Lon. 28 6' E. Lat. 33 12' S. Keith, t. Scotland, in Banff co. 20 m. S. W. Banff, 46 N. W. Aberdeen. Pop. 1,300. Keith Inch, promontory, Scotland, the E. point of Aberdeenshire. Kej, t. Persia, capital of the province of Mekran. Being on the high road from Candahar and Kelat, to the seaports of Guatter and Chobar, it is a place of considerable importance. Lon. 62 30' E. Lat. 26 10' N. Kelang, small isl. in the Eastern seas, near Ce- ram. Lon. 128 E. Lat. 3 8' S. Kdat, the capital of Beloochistan. It contains the royal palace and above 4,000 houses. The inhabitants are a mixture of Balouches, Afghans, and Hindoos. Lon. 67 57' E. Lat. 29 6' N. Kelat, t. and strong fortress of Cabul. 60 m. E. N. E. Kandahar. Kelal, a fortress of Korassan, in Persia, on the top of a high hill, 40 m. E. Mesched. Kf.llira, t. l'ni.---irm Saxony, on the Helme, 27 m, N. Erfurt. Pop. 1,600. Kelf.ndri, s-p. Caramania, in A. Turkey, on the n'te of the ancient Celendris, 25 m. S. W. Selef- keh. Keles, s-p. Anatolia, 28 m. E. N. E. Ephesus. Ktlikdoni, or Erntinak, r. Asia Minor, (an. Ca~ lycadnus) which falls into the Mediterranean near Selefkch. Kdiub, province, Egypt, N. of Cairo. K E M KeUamunguUwn, t. India, in Barramahal. Lon. 78 5' E. Lat. 12 35' N. KeMheim, t. Bavaria, at the junction of the Alt- muhl and the Danube, 46 m. N. N. E. Munich. Lon. 1 1 52' E. Lat. 48 52' N. Pop. 1,800. Kelli, t. India, in Tanjore. Lon. 79 7' E. Lat. 10 20' N. Kellinghausen,v. Denmark, in Holstein, 34 m. S. W. Kiel. Pop. 900. Kellington. See Callington. Kellington, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 6 m. E. N. E. Pontefract. Kdlogsville, p-v. Cayuga co. N.Y. Kelts, t. Ireland, in Meath, on the Blackwater. 32 m. N.W. Dublin, 19 VV. Drogheda. Lon. 6 52' W. Lat. 53 42' N. Kells, v. Ireland, in Kilkenny, on King's river, which falls into the Nore. Ktlis, v. Ireland, in Antrim, on the Glenwherry river, 89 m. fr. Dublin. Kelly-Burn, small r. Scotland, which is the boundary between Ayrshire and Renfrew. Kellycale, t. Orleans co. Vt. 36 m. N. Montpe- lier. Pop, 139. Kelpoory, district, Hind, in Delhi, about 29 N. lat. Kelpoory, the capital, is in Ion. 79 39' E. lat. 2859'N. Kelsall, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 9 m. E. by N. Ches- ter. Kelso, t. Scotland, iu Roxburgh co. on the N. side of the Tweed, opposite the junction of the Teviot. It is a place of great antiquity, often mentioned in the histories of the border wars. 42 m. S. by E. Edinburgh, HE. Jedburgh. Pop. in 1811, 3,630. Kelton, v. Scotland, in Dumfries-shire, on the ?Jith, 4 m. S. Dumfries. Kellsch, t. Moravia, 14 m. E. Prerau. Pop. 1,450. Kelvin, r. Scotland, which falls into the Clyde, at the village of Partick, 2 m. below Glasgow. Kem, or Kemi, t. Eu. Russia, in Archangel, on the White sea, 192 m. N. Petrovadsk. Lon. 28 38' E. Lat. 64 55' N. Pop. 900. Kemaon, district, Hind, between 29 and 30 N. lat. and 79 and 81 E. Ion. The northern part is subject to the rajah of Nepaul, the southern, or flat part, belongs to the British territory of Ba- reilly. Kembcrg, t. Prussian Saxony, 6 m. S. Witten- berg, 15 E. S.E. Dessau. Pop. 1,800. Kemja, r. A. Russia, in Irkoutsk, which falls in- to the Toungouska. Ke.minoom, t. Fooladoo, W. Africa, on the river Kokoro, 95 m. N. W. Hamalia. Kemlet, r. Eng. which falls into the Severn, be- low Cherburg. Kemlel, r. Wales, which falls into the Tanot be- low Place Yeha. Kemlyn Bay, bay in Montgomeryshire, Wales. Kemmelbac'h, t. Austria, 3 m. S. Ips. Kemmoo, t. W. Africa, cap. of Kaarta. Lon. 7 46' W. Lat. 14 20' N. Kvnnatfi, t. Bavaria, 15 m. E. S. E. Bayreuth, 26 N. Amberg. Lon. 11 55' E. Lat. 49 53' N. Pop. 1,400. Kemnilz, Old, v. Silesia, 6 m. W. Hirschber?. Pop. 1,300. Kempen, t. Prussian Westphalia, 17 m. N. W. Duseldorf, 15 N. E. Ruremonde. Pop. 3,000. Kempcn, or Kempno, t. Prussian Poland, 32 m. S. Knlisch. Pop. 3,500. KEN 371 Kempsville, t. Prince Anne co. Va. 9 m. S. E. Norfolk. Kempten, (an. Campodunum,} t. Bavarian States, on the Iller, 66 m. W. S. W. Munich, 50 S. by E. Ulm. Lon. 10 18' E. Lat. 47 44' N. Pop. 5,300. Kemskoi, t. A. Russia, in Tobolsk. Lon. 92 E. Lat 57 25' N. Ken, r. Eng. in Devonshire, which falls into the Ex below Exeter. Ken, (an. Kataia,) small isl. in the Persian gulf. Lon. 53 40' E. Lat. 26 27' N. Kenagh, v. Ireland, in Longford, 56 m. fr. Dub- lin. Kenary, small isl. Hind. 13 m. S. Bombay, 2J fr. the mainland. Lat. 18 42' N. Kenchester, parish, Eag. in Hereford co. 5 m. W. N. W. Hereford. Kenchres, (an. Cenchres,) s-p. of the Morea, in Argolis, on the gulf of Egina, 7 m. W. by S. Co- rinth. Kendal, t. Eng. in Westmoreland. It has been long noted for its woollen manufactories. The oth- er manufactures are Kendal cottons, linseys, knit, worsted stockings, flanels, hats, serges, Sic. 22^ m. N. Lancaster, and 262 N. W. London. Lon. 2 44' W. Lat. 54 19' N. Pop. 7,505. Kendall, p-t. Kennebec co. Maine. Kendall, p-t. Stark co. Ohio, near Muskingum river, 7 m. W. Canton. It has an extensive wool- len manufactory, and large flocks of sheep are kept in the neighborhood. Kendrick's Island, N.W. coast of America, forms the W. side of Nootka sound. Kenduskeag, r. Penobscot co. Maine, which flows into the Penobscot at Bangor. Kene, or Kenne, t. Upper Egypt. It is chiefly supported by the great caravan from Western and Central Africa, which passes annually through it, bringing numerous pilgrims destined for Mecca and Medina. It was formerly the centre of the trade between Egypt and India, but this commerce has now greatly declined. Lon. 3225'E^ Lat. 26 9' 36" N. Kenjig, t. Wales, in Glamorganshire, 7 m. fr. Bridgend. Kenhaiva, co. Va. on Ohio river, bordering on Kentucky. Pop. 6,399. Slaves 1,073. Engaged in agriculture 1,132, in manufactures 488. At the court-house is a post-office. In this town is a spring emitting inflammable air. Kenhawa, (Great,) r. Virginia, which rises in the western part of North Carolina, and running N. and N. W. joins the Ohio at Point Pleasant, in 38 55' N. lat. 252 miles below Pittsburg. About 100 miles from its mouth are the Great Falls, where the river descends perpendicularly 50 feet. The principal branch of the Kenhawa is Green- briar, which enters it 40 or 50 miles above the falls. On the banks of this river, 66 m. from its mouth, are the Kenhawa salt-works. Kenhawa, Little, r. Va. which falls into the Ohio a little below Marietta, (Ohio.) It is navi- gable 10 miles. Kenilworlh, called by corruption Killingworfh, t. Eng. in Warwickshire, between Coventry and Warwick. The town is principally noted for its magnificent castle, which, along with an exten- sive chase and park, formed at one time the pride and ornament of all this part of the kingdom. The remains of the castle present one of the most splen- did and picturesque wrecks of castellated strength 372 KEN KEN to be found in England, and still impart a melan- choly grandeur to the town and neighborhood ! '--tie was founded by Geoffroy de Clinton, chamberlain and treasurer to king Henry I. Most of the building*, of which the remains are still vis- ible, were built by John of Gaunt, who had ac- quired the castle by marriage. Through his son Henry IV. the castle again returned into the hands of the crown, and continued so, until queen Eliza- beth conferred it on Robert Dudley, earl of Leices- ter. This nobleman spent immense sums in adorn- ing and enlarging the building ; and when all was finished, lie entertained the queen here for 17 days, in a style of extraordinary magnificence, the par- ticulars of which are still preserved. 5m. N. War- wick, 101 N. W. London. Lon. 1 35' W. Lat. 52 21' N. IVy. 2,27 ;>. Kenloirie* r. Scotland, in Fifeshire, which falls into St. Andrew's buy. Kenmarc, t. Ireland, in Kerry, on Kenmare riv- :. S. S.YV. Killarney. Kenmarc River, r. or arm of the sea, on the S. W. coast of Ireland. The mouth is in Ion. 9 37' W.lat.. 51" 40' N. Kt.nnore, v. Scotland, in Perthshire, on Loch Tay, -23 m. W. N. \V. Dunkeld. Kenne. See Kcne. Kenn'btcasis, r. New-Brunswick, which runs E. and falls into the river St. John. Kenntbeck, co. Maine, on both sides of Kenne- beck river, and inclosed by the counties of Som- erse% Penobscot, Lincoln, and Oxford. Pop. 42,623. Engaged in agriculture 9,785, in com- merce 211, in manufactures 1,309. Chief town, Augusta. Kennebeck, r. Maine, naxt to Penobscot, the largos* in the State. It has two principal branch- es. The eastern branch rises in Moosehead lake. The western called Dead river, rises in the high- land, wh'ch separate Maine from Canada, and unites with the eastern branch about 20 miles be- low Moosfih^vJ lake. After the junction, the riv- er flows south to the Atlantic. Its whole course ;i 300 miles. It is navigable for ships 12 mil*s, to Bath ; for sloops, 45 miles, to Augusta, at the head of the tide ; and tor boats 60 miles, to \Vatvrville. At Waterville the navigation is interrupted by Teconic falls, which afford nu- merous sites for mills. The lands on the Kenne- bec are fertile, and well adapted to tillage and pasture. Kennebunk, r. Maine, which runs into the At- lantic at Kenuebunk. It has a good harbor at its mouth. Kcnnebunk, p-t. and port of entry, York co. Maine, at the mouth of the Kennebunk, 10 m. S. Saco, 25 S.VV. Portland. Shipping in 1816, 1 1,741 i lere is a bank. Pop. 2, 145. Kf-nnet-Pans, v. Scotland, 1 m. W. Kincardine. Kennel, r. Eng. which falls into the Thames at Sunning. Kennedy'' s, p-v. Brunswick co. Va. Kennet, t. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 1,032. Ken-net's square, p-v. Chester co. Pa. Kennomic. See Calemick. Kennoway, v. Scotland, in Fife, 12 m. N. E. Kinghorn. Kenock, or Kenoque. See Knock. Kenxheim. See Kiensheim. Kensington, populous v. Eng. in Middlesex, nearly 2 miles from Hyde Park corner, and is chiefly distinguished for its royal palace and gar- dens. Kensington, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 13 m. S, W. Portsmouth. Pop. 709. Kensington, t. Philadelphia co. Pa. Pop. 7,118. Kent, maritime co. Eng. forming the S. E. angle of the kingdom, bounded N. by the Thames, which divides it from Essex, E. and S. E. by the German ocean and straits of Dover, S. by Sussex, and W. by Surry. It contains about 900,000 acres, or 1,460 sq. miles, with 263 inhabitants to each. The general aspect of this county is very beau- tiful, from the diversity of the surface, and the richness and variety of the scenery. It is essen- tially an agricultural county ; and every depart- ment of husbandry is here prosecuted to a great extent, and with great ability and success. Pop. in 1811, 373,095 ; families 76,265, of which num- ber 27,077 were engaged in agriculture, 27,996 in trade and manufactures, and 21,192 other- wise. Kent, town of liberated negroes, Sierra Leone, at Cape Shilling. Kent, co. Lower Canada, between the rivers Sorel and St. Lawrence. Kent, co. Up. Canada, on Lake Erie. Kent, co. R. I. on the W. side of Narraganset bay, bounded N. by Providence co. S. by Wash- ington co. and W. by Connecticut. Pop. 10,228. Engaged in agriculture 1,644, in commerce 63, in manufactures 446. Chief town, Warwick. Kent, p-t. Litchfield co. Ct. on the Housaton- nuc, 45 m. W. Hartford. Pop. 1,956. Iron ore is found here, and wrought extensively. Kent, t. Putnam co. N. Y. 20 m. S. E. Pough- keepsie. Pop. 1,801. Kent, co. Del bounded N. by Newcastle co. E. by Delaware bay, S. by Sussex co. and W. by Ma- ryland. Pop. 5,533. Slaves 1,070. Engaged in agriculture 4,402, in commerce 1 93, in manufac- tures 531. Chief town, Dover. Kent, co. Md. bounded N. by Cecil co. E. by Delaware, S. by Queen Anneco. and W. by Ches- apeake bay. Pop. 11,453. Slaves 4,071. En- gaged in agriculture 2,589, in commerce 35, in manufactures 262. Chief town, Chester. Kent,is\. in Chesapeake bay, annexed to Queen Anne co. Md. Kenfs Groups, small islands on the S. E. coast of New Holland, in Bass's strait. Lon. of the centre, 147 25' E. Lat. 39 29' S. Kentish Town, hamlet, Eng. in Middlesex, 2m. N. London. Kenton, v. Eng. in Devonshire, at the conflu- ence of the Ken with the Ex, 2 m. fr. Exmouth. Pop. 1,793. Ke.nton, East and West,t. Eng. in Northumber- land^ m. N. N. W. Newcastle. Pop. 1,052. Kentucky, one of the U. S. bounded N. by Illi- nois, Indiana, and Ohio ; E. by Virginia ; S. by Tennessee; and W. by the Mississippi. It extends from lat. 36 30' to 39 10' N. and from Ion. 81 50' to 89" 20' W. Length on the southern line, 300 miles. Extent, 39,000 sq. miles, or 24,960,000 acres. Pop. in 1790, 73,677 ; in 1800, 220,959 ; in 1810, 406,511 ; in 1820,564,317. Slaves 126,- 732. Engaged in agriculture 132,161; in com- merce 1,617 ; in manufactures 31,469. Kentucky i* almost insulated by navigable riv- ers. The Big Sandy, the Ohio, and the Missis- sippi form its boundary on three sides, while the ( 'unit" rlani i- southern border. The principal river- which lie wholly within the State are Licking, Kentucky, and Green. The only mountains are the Cumberland range which sep- KEN arates it from Virginia in the S. E. The eastern Bounties are mountainous. A tract along the banks of the Ohio, from 5 to 20 miles wide, and extending through the whole length of the State. is hilly and broken, but has a good soil ; the part of this tract lying immediately upon the Ohio, for about one mile in width on an average, consists of bottom lands, and is subject to periodical inunda- tion. Between this tract, the eastern counties and Green river, lies the garden of the State. It is about 150 miles long, and from 50 to TOO miles wide, and comprises the counties of Mason, Flem- ing, Montgomery, Clarke, Bourbon, Fayette, Scott, Harrison, Franklin, Woodford, Mercer, Jessemine, Madison, Garrard, Casey, Lincoln, Washington, and Green. The surface of this district is agreeably undulating, and the soil black and friable, producing black walnut, black cherry, honey locust, buckeye, pawpaw, sugar tree, mulberry, elm, ash, cotton wood, and white thorn. The country between ^Green and Cum- berland rivers is called u the b'arrens." In 1800 the legislature of Kentucky made a gratuitous grant of this tract to actual settlers, under the im- pression that it was of little value ; but it proves to be excellent land ; and hogs and cattle are raised in abundance. The whole State, below the mountains, rests on an immense bed of lime- stone, usually about 8 feet below the surface. There are every where apertures in this lime- stone, through which the waters of the rivers sink into the earth. The large rivers of Kentucky, for this reason, are more diminished during the dry season, than those of any part of the United States, and the small streams entirely disappear. The banks of the rivers are natural curiosities ; the rivers having generally worn very deep chan- nels in the calcareous rocks over which they flow. The precipices formed by Kentucky r. are in many places awfully sublime, presenting perpendicular banks of 300 feet of solid limestone, surmounted with a steep and difficult ascent, four times as high. In the S. W. part of the State, between Green rivei and the Cumberland, there are sev- eral wonderful caves : one, called the Mammoth cave, is said to be 8 or 10 miles long. The principal productions of Kentucky are hemp, tobacco, wheat, and Indian corn. Salt are numerous, and supply not only this State, but a great part of Ohio and Tennessee with tin's mineral. The principal manufactures are cloth, spirits, cordage, salt, and maple sugar, i ue of the manufactures in 1810 was esti- mated at $6,181,024. Hemp, tobacco, and wheat are the principal exports. These are carried down the Ohio and Mississippi to New Orleans, and foreign goods received from the same place in return. Louisville, on the Ohio, is the centre of this trade. The introduction of steam-boat navigation on the Ohio has been of incalculable benefit to the commercial and manufacturing in- terests of Kentucky. Tim principal religious denominations are Bap- tits, Presbyterians, and Methodists. The princi- pal litrrary institution is the Transylvania uni- versity at Lexington. A charter for another col- '" fMsil.lished at Danville, Was granted early in the year 1819. The legislature consists of a sen;it<' ;iml house of representatives : the former hold their scats 4 years, the latter are rh.-.-ii annually. The governor is chosen for 4 yean, and i ineligible the succeeding 8. More K E R 373 than 50 banks have been incorporated in this State. Kentucky, r. Kentucky, rises in the highlands in the S. E. part of the State, and running N. W. falls into the Ohio, at PortWilliam,77 miles above the rapids at Louisville. It is 150 yards wide at its mouth, and is navigable for boats of consider- able size 180 miles in the winter floods. The banks are generalty high and rocky, presenting in some places perpendicular precipices of limestone of 300 feet. Kentucky, Little, r. Ken. which runs into the Ohio, 3 m. below the mouth of Kentucky river. Kentucky, Indian, r. Indiana, which runs into the Ohie, nearly opposite the mouth of Kentucky river. Kents, t. Austrian Poland, in Galicia, 30 m. S. W. Cracow. Pop. 2,000. Kenyan, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 3 ra. E. Newton inMakerfield. Pop. 415. Kenyan, t. Glengary co. Up. Canada. Kenzingen, t. Germany, on the Elz, 11 in. N- Friburg. Pop. 2,200. Keounsay, t. Binnan empire, on the Irravvuddy. Lon. 96 40' E. Lat. 17 20' N. Keowee, r. U. S. the name of Savannah river above its confluence with the Tugulo Keosee, t. Birman empire, on the Irrawuddy. Lon. 94 50' E. Lat. 21 19' N. Kepher Kenna. See Cana. Kephsa. See Cephisia. Keppelbay, bay on the E. coast of New Hol- land, which was found by captain Flinders to com- municate with Port Curtis. Lon. of the anchor- age 150 58' E. Lat. 23 29' S. Keppefs Island, small isl. near the Falkland isl- ands. Lon. 60 15' W. Lat. 5 1 24' S. KeppeVs Island, one of Queen Charlotte's isl- ands. Lon. 194 56' W. Lat 10 15' S. KeppeVs Island. See Traitor's Island. Kepse, v Syria, near the ruins ofSeleucia. Kerah, or Haweeza, called by the Turks Kara- su, r. Persia, which rises in Kurdistan, receives the Kazawur and the Gamusu, and passing by the city of Haweeza, enters the Shut-el-Arab, about 20 m. below Korna. Kerbela, t. Irak Arabi, near the W. bank of the Euphrates. Its ancient name was Vologesia. It is the resort of numerous pilgrims of the sect of Ali. 50 m. S. S. W. Bagdad. Kercolang, isl. in the Eastern seas, from 80 to 100 miles in circumference. It is well cultivated and populous. Lon. 126 30' E. Lat. 4 30' N. Kerempe, cape, Anatolia, on the Black sea. Lon. 33 10' E. Lat. 42 45' N. Kerensk, t. Russia, in Penza, 81 m. N. N. E. Tambov. Pop. 4,500. Kerera, isl. Scotland, in Argyleshire, in the sound of Mull, 8 m. fr. the island of Mull. Keresoun, (an. Cerasus,') s-p. A. Turkey, on a gulf of the Black sea, 70 m. W. S. W. Trebisond. Keresstur, or Bodrogh-Keresstur, t. Hungary, in Semplin, 6 m. S. Canischa. Lon. 21 21' 32" E. Lat. 48 9' 28" N. Pop. 4,000. Kergctein, t. Moravia, 14 m. S. Olmutz. Pop. 2,800. Kerguelen's Land, or Island of Desolation, in the Southern Indian ocean, about 90 miles long. None but amphibious animals exist here, and few vegetables. Lon 69" 30' E. Lat. 49 20' S. Kerin, r. Chinese Tartary, which falls into the Amour. Lon. 136 44' E. Lat. 50 44' N. 374 K E R K E W Kcriog, r. Wales, in Denbigshire, which falla into the Dee, 5 m. fr. Wrexham. Keriog, r. Wales, in Merionethshire, which falls into the Dovy near Llanweryng. Kcrka, r. Dalmatia, which falls into the gulf of Venice. Kerkeni, small isl. near the E. coast of Tunis. Lon. 1112'E. Lat. 34' 59' N. Kerkook, t. A. Turkey, the largest in Lower Kurdistan. Pop. about 13,000. Lon. 43 42' E. Lat. 35 29' N. Kerlon, r. Tartary, which rises in about Ion. 109 E. and lat. 49 N. and, after a course of 300 miles, unites with the Onon, to form the Argoune. Kerman, (an. Caramania,) province of the Per- sian empire. It has Mekran and Seistan on the E. ; Laristan and Fars on the W. ; and the Persian guifontheS. Its central and northern part con- sists of extensive deserts. Herman, or Sirjian, cap. of the above province, was at one period, among the proudest cities of the Persian "empire. In 1794. it was taken by Aga Mahomed Khan, and given up to plunder for three successive months. The finest edifices were levelled with the ground, many of the inhabitants slain, and 30,000 sent into exile. The city never has recovered from this disaster. The population oes not now exceed 20,000. Its manufactures and trade are still, however, very considerable : tie former consist in shawls, matchlocks, and car- pets. Lon. 56 10'E. Lat. 29 30' N. Kermannskab, t. Persia, in Irak. It contains 12,OOU houses. 140 m. N. E. Bagdad. Lon. 46 50' E. Lat. 34 20' N. Kern el Hutin, mt. Palestine, 10 m. N. Tabor. Kerns, L Switz. 1 1 m. S. Lucerne. Kerouart Islets, small islets on the N. W. coast of America, between 51 and 52 N. lat. Kerpen, t Prussian Westphalia, on the Erft, 10 m. E. S. E. Juliers. Pop. 1,600. Kerrapay, country, on the E. part of the Gold coast of Africa, bordering on Whidah. It contains several independent kingdoms and states. Kerrsville, t. Lawrence co. Ohio. Ki 'f,y, co. Ireland, bounded N.W. by the Shan- non, N. E. by Limerick co. S. E. by Cork, and W. by the Atlantic. Extent, 1,040,487 acres. A very great proportion of the county is dreary, desolate, encumbered with very lofty mountains, rocky and often inaccessible. Pop. about 140,000. Kerry Head, Ireland, the S. cape at the mouth of the Shannon. Lon. 9 47' W. Lat. 52 24' N. Kerry Point, cape, Ireland, in Down co. Lon. 5 22' W. Lat. 54 22 N. Kerschau, or Kersano, t. Utria, 10 m. N. N. E. Pedena. Pop. BOO. Kershaw, district, S. C. on the E. side of the Wa- teree. Pop. 12,432. Chief town, Camden. Kershope, r. Scotland, which forms for several miles the boundary between Scotland and Eng- land, and falls into the LiddaL Kertsch, Kerlz, or Kjerch, s-p. and fortress, Eu. Russia, in the government of Taurida, on the E. coast of the Crimea. It has a good harbor. This fortress, and that of Jenikale, about 12 miles to the E. N.E. command the strait between the lila< -k sea and the sea of Azoph. Its Russian name is Vos- por. 60 m. N. N. E. Caffa, 100 E. S. E. Perekop. Lon. 36 24' E. Lat. 45 16' N. Kerzergebirge,a. range of mountains in Transyl- vania, branching off from the Carpathians. Kef em. See Kisseen. Kesgo, Bay and Cape, oil the N. coast of bpaiu, to the E. of Santander. Kesh, or Qucx, t. Great Bukharia, 30 m. S. Sa- marcand. Kesker, or Kubar, s-p. Ghilan, in Persia, 26 ra. N.W. Reshd. Kessdsdorf, v. Silesia, in Jauer, 4 m. N. W. Lowenberg. Pop. 1,100. Ktsselsdorf, v. Saxony, 7 m. W. Dresden. Kestzhely, t. Hungary, on the Flatten see, with a castle, and a seminary for the improvement of agriculture. 23 m. S. Vasarhely. Pop. 9,000. Kesivick, t. Eng. in Cumberland ce. delightful- ly situated at the N. E. end of the romantic lake of Derwentwater, in the beautiful vale of Kes- wick. It is much visited by strangers who make the tour of the lakes. 17 m. W. Penrith, 292 N. W. London. Lon. 3 7' W. Lat. 54 3b" N. Pop. 1,683. Kessdi Vasarhely, t. Transylvania, 72 m. E. N. E. Hermannstadt,41 N. by E. Cronstadt. Lon. 26 7' E. Lat. 46 45' N. Pop. 5,000. Ket, r. Scotland, in Wigtonshire, which runs in- to the sea at Port Yarrock. Ket, r. Siberia, which falls into the Obi, near Narym. Ketch- Hissar, t. Caramania, in Asia Minor, 85 m. S. W. Kaisarieh. Ketchluk, t. Caramania, in Asia Minor, 98 m. N. W. Konieh. Kttee, t. Hind, in Sinde, on the Indus. Ketskemet, t. Hungary, in the county of Pest. It is the residence of many families of rank. 46 m. N. N. W. Szegedin, 50 S. S. E. Pest. Lon. 19 4^ E. Lat. 46 54' N. Pop. 25,000. Kettrin, or Catherine, Loch, a beautiful lake of Scotland, in Perthshire, about 10 miles long, and li broad, and distinguished for its picturesque scenery. Kettering, t. Eng. in Northampton co. It has manufactures of tammies and lutestrings. Pop. 3,242. 74 m. N. W. London. Lon. 43' W. Lat. 52 24' N. Kettle, r. Up.Canada, which runs into lake Erie, W. of Long Point. Keltlesholme, t. Eng. in Cheshire, 7 m. N. E. Macclesfield. Kettioyk, t. Prussian Westphalia, on the B,oer, 3 m. W. N. W. Werden. Pop. 1,400. Ketzin, t. Middle Mark of Brandenburg, on the Havel, 8 m. N. W. Potsdam. Pop. 800. Kevelaer, t. Prussian Westphalia, 4 m. from Gueldres. Kevenny, r. Wales, in Montgomeryshire, which falls into the Uske at Abergavenny. Keula, t Saxony in Schwartzburg-Sondershau- sen, 11 m. N. Muhlhausen. Pop. 1,600. Keuschberg, v. Prussian Saxony, 6 m. S. E. Merseburg. Ketc, v/Eng. in Surry, on tlu Thames, opposite Old Brentford. Kew palace was a favourite re- treat of George III. The botanic garden here, chiefly for exotics, is one of the finest in the world. Pop. 560. 6 m. W. London. Kewatt , or kimra, small isl. on the coast of , c . C. between Johns island and the ocean. Kewecna, point N. W. Territory, on lh" of lake Superior, extending 4.0 miles into the Lf Lough Strangford, 7 m. N. N. E. Downpatrick, 15 S. S. E. Belfast. Lon. 5 46' W. Lat. 54 25' N. Kilmaclhomas,v. Ireland, in Waterford,83m. S. S. VV. Dublin. Kilmahog, v. Scotland, in Perthshire, 1 m. W. Callander. Kilmalie, parish, Scotland, in the counties of In- verness and Argyle. Pop. 4,645. Kilmaniraig, parish, Scotland, in Invernesshire. Pop. 2,407. Kilmany, v. Scotland, in Fifeshire, 5 m. fr. Cu- par in Fife. Kilmamock, or St. Marnoch, t. Scotland, in Ayr- shire, on Kilmamock river. It is the principal manufacturing town in the county, and for many years has carried on a considerable trade. The principal manufactures are carpets, shoes, blank- ets, tartans, and other woollen cloths : bonnets, caps, mits, stockings, gloves, leather, and saddle- 378 K I N ry. Pop. in 1819, 14,000. 22 m. S. W. Glasgow, 12 N. E. Ayr, 64 S. W. Edinburg. Lon. 4 27' W. Lat ^ 55' 40' N. KUHUumock, p-v. Lancaster co. Va. Kilmaurs, t. Scotland, in Ayrshire. Pop. 500. Kilmore, v. Ireland, in Cavan, co. 3^ ni. from Cavan. Kilmurry, v. Ireland, on the coast of Clare co. 129 m. from Dublin. Kilonga, t. Benguela, in Africa, 15 m. up the river Benguela. Kilotigo, district, of Loango, W. Africa, 30 in. N.W. Loango. Lat. 4 25' S. Kilpatrick, v. Scotland, on the Clyde, 10 m. W. Glasgow. Pop. 500. Kilrca, t. Ireland, in Londonderry co. 102 m. N. Dublin. Kilrenny, royal burgh, Scotland, in Fifeshire. Pop. about 200. Kilrush, p-t. Ireland, in Clare co. on the Shan- non, 342 m. S. W. Dublin. Kihyth, v. Scotland, in Sterling co. The in- habitants are chiefly employed in weaving for the Glasgow manufacturers. Pop. in 1819, 1,500. 12 m E. by N. Glasgow, Hi W. Falkirk, 16 S. W. Stirling, 15 N. Hamilton. Kilwinning, t. Scotland, in Ayrshire, on the Garnock, 3 m. N. N. W. Irvine, 28 S.W. Glasgow. Pop. 1,260. Kilworih, t. Ireland, in Cork co. 104 m. S. W. Dublin. Kimberworth, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 2 m. W.by N. Rotherham. Pop. 3,482. Kimbolt m, (an. Kinnibantum,') t. Eng. in Hun- tingdon, 6^ m. E. Higham Ferrers, 64 N. London. Pop. 1,400. Kimedy, t. Hind, in Northern Circars. Lon. 84 11' E. Lat. 18 48' N. Kimendge, or Kommeridge, v. Eng. in Dorset- shire, 4 m. W. S. VV. Corfe castle. Kimi Lappmark. See Kiemi. Kimtfne, or Camagichi. See Kiamesha. Kirnkina, t. Eu. Turkey, in Walachia, on the river Aluta, 53 m N. Bucharest. Kimmoo. See Kemmoo. Kimpolung, t. Austrian Poland, in the Bucko- wine, 1 16 m. VV. N. W. Jassy. Lon. 25 8' E. Lat. 47" 42' \. Kinatour, t. India, in the Carnatic. Lon. 79 19 E Lat. 12 15' N. Kinburn, properly Kilborn, a small fortress in the S. W. of European Russia, in the government of Taurida, on the Black sea, on the S. side of the estuary of the Dnieper. The harbor is tolerably secure. Lon 3136'E. Lat 46 35' N. K'/icannon's iron-works. p-v.Surryco. N. C. ' Kinrardineshire, or the Mearns, co. Scotland, bounded E. by the German ocean, N. by the river Dee and part of Aberdeenshire, W. and S. by Angus co. Extent, 380 sq. miles, or 243,444 acres. About one half the county consists of high hills or barren heaths, which altogether preclude cultivation. Pop. in 1801, 26,349; in 1811, 27,r>fu. Kincardine, formerly West Pans, t. Scotland, in Perth co. on the Forth. Pop. 1,200. Kincardine OWez7, v. Scotland, in Aberdeen- shire, on the Dee. Kinchan, the name of the river Yang-tse-ki;ui-, in the upper part of its course. See Yang-tse- kiang. K I N Kincraig Point, promontory, Scotland, on the frith of Forth, forming the S. E. boundary of Lar- go bay. Kindelbruck, t. Prussian Saxony, near the Wip- per, 21 m. N. E. Erfurt. Pop. 1,200. Kinderhook creek, r. N. Y. rises in Berlin, Rens- selaer co. and flowing S. E. receives Claverack creek, and a mile below enters the Hudson, at Kinderhook. Kinderhook, p-t. Columbia co. N. Y. on Hudson river, 10 m. above Hudson, 20 below Albany. Pop. 3,963. Here is an academy, and an extensive cotton factory. At Kindtrhoolt landing, there is a post-office. Kinderton, v. Eng. in Chester, l m. E. Middle- wich. Kind, r. A. Russia, which falls into the Samara, 22 m. above the city of Samara. Kineton, t. Eng. in Warwickshire, 85 m. N. W. London. Lon. 1 30 VV. Lat. 52 9' N. King-and-Queen, co. Va. on Mattapoony river, which separates it from King William co. Pop. 11,798. Slaves 6,041. Engaged in agriculture 2,945, in commerce 16, in manufactures 44. Chief town, Dunkirk. At the court-house is a post- office. Kingan-fou, city, China, of the first rank, in Kiangsee, on the river Kankian. Lon. 114 32' E. Lat. 27 7' N. King creek, p-v. Barnwell co. S. C. King George, co. between the Potomac and Rap- pahannock rivers. Pop. 6,1 16. Slaves 3,504. En- gaged in agriculture 1,934, in commerce 16. in manufactures 124. At the court-house is a post- office. King George's Islands, two islands in the Pacific ocean, discovered by commodore Byron in 1765, and visited by captain Cook in 1773. Lon. 149^ 2' W. Lat. 14 35 S. King George's Sound. See Nootka Sound. King George the Third's Archipelago, group of islands on the W. coast of N. America. Lon. 223" 45 to 225 37^ E. Lat. 56 10' to 58 18' N. King George the Third' s Island. See Olaheilc. King George the Third's Sound, a capacious bay on the S. coast of New Holland. Lon. of Bald Head, the entrance into the sound, 118 0' 45" E. Lat. 36 6' 15" S. Kinghele,t. W. Africa, cap. of Cacongo, on the Loango Louisa. Kinghorn, a royal burgh, Scotland, in Fifeshire, on the frith of Forth, 9 m. N. by E. Edinburgh, 20i S. by W.Cupar. Lon. 3 10' W. Lat. 56 5' N. Pop. 1,212. King's,. Ireland, bounded N. by Ea=t ;m. 1,722. .iriih, Eng. in Somerset, 4 m. from Top. 847. .'on, t. Eng. in Devonshire, 3 m. S. W. Mod bury. (on, t. Eng. in Dorsetshire, 1 m. fromCorfe Castle. A/on, s-p. of Jamaica, on the S. coast of the HiiM'l, on a bay in which vessels of the largest burden may anchor in safety. It was founded in 1693, after the destruction of Port Royal by an earthquake in the preceding year. It is on a plain, which rises, with a gradual ascent, to the foot of the Liguanea mountains, a distance of about six miles. 10 m. E. Spanish Town. Lon. 76 33' W. I'op. 33,000, of which number 10,000 "tea, 18,000 slaves, 2,500 people of colour, ,. 10,000. 136 m. S.VV. Dublin, 12 S. Cork. Ktnsaie, p-v. Westmoreland co. Va. 16 m. from the court-house. Kinsessing, t. Philadelphia co. Pa. Pop. 1,188. Kinsman, p-t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 20 m. N. E. Warren. Kmsomba, t. Benguela, in Africa, 25 m. S. K New Benguela. Kinslon, p-t. Lenoir co. N. C. Kinlam, isl. off the coast of Tchekiang, in Chi- na. Lon. 121 24' E. Lat. 30 8' N. Kintore, royal burgh, Scotland, in Aberdeen- shire, on the Don. Kinlyre, or Kunlyre, the southern division of Argyleshire, in Scotland. It is a peninsula lying between the frith of Clyde and the Atlantic ocean, about 40 miles long from N. to S. and 6i broad Pop. in 1811, 18,285. Kintyre, Mull of, the S. point of the peninsula of Kintyre. Lon. 5*46' W. Lat. 55 21' N. It has a light-house. Kinver, or Kinfare, parish, Eng. in Stafford- shire, 2 m. from Stourbridge. Pop. 1,668. Kinure Point, cape on the S. coast of Ireland, ia Cork co. 4 m. E. Kinsale harbour. Lon. 8" 25' W. Lat. 5141'N. Kinzig, one of the ten circles into which the grand dutchy of Baden was divided in 1810. It lies along the Kinzig. Pop. 118,000. Kinzig, r. Baden, which falls into the Rhine, by two mouths, at Kehl, opposite Strasburg. Kioge, or Koge, s-p. Denmark, in the island of Zealand, 10 m. S. Copenhagen. Lon. 12" 40' E. Lat. 55 31 ' N. Pop. 1 ,400. Kwlen, or Scandinavian mountains, extend, be- tween Sweden and Norway. One branch com- mences in Norway under the name of Dofrafield mountains, and meeting the branch from Sweden, between lat. 60 and 61 N. the united chain pur- sues a N. E. direction parallel to the coast of Nor- way almost to lat. 70 N. -when it turns to the eat, and soon after to the southeast, and sinks gradually into hills among the small lakes between the gulf of Finland and the White sea. Kiostiendgi, t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, on the Black sea, 100 m. W. by N. Silistria. Kioiiktatoum, t. Birmatt empire, in Ava, on the Irrawuddy nver. Lon. 95 C 35' E. Lat. 21 44' N. Kippax, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 64 m. W. Ferry- bridge. Kippen, v. Scotland, on the S. bank of the Forth. 10i m. W. Stirling. Kippenheim, t. Baden, 22 m. N. E. Strasburg. Pop. 1,600. Kippure, mountains, Ireland, 10 m. S. Dublin. Ki rby i.r> K< mini, -oe Kmdnl. Kiilii/jMoorxide, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 22 m. N, by . York. Lon. 1 4' W. Lat. 54 15' N. Pop. 1,673. Kirby, t. Caledonia co. Vt. 33m. N. E. Montpe- lier. Pop. 312. Kirckberg, t. Wirtemberg, on the Jaxt, 28 m, W. Ans|-ach. Pop. 900. ''it'-.rg, t. Lower Austria, on the Wecksel. Pop.3,0. kiirlihifp., < Prussian province of the Lower Hm u \\< nt/. KirMicrg, t. Saxony, circle of the Erzgebirge, 6 m. S.Zwickau. Pop. 2,100. K I R K I R 331 Kirchberg, t. Lower Austria, on the Wagram. Pop. 3,000. Kirchberg, t. Lower Austria, on the Bielach, 11 m. S. St. Polten, 45 S. W. Vienna. Kirchborchen, v. Prussian Westphalia, 5 m. S. Paderborn. Kirchhayn, t. Prussian states, in Lower Lusatia, ou the Bober. Lon. 13 35' E. Lat. 51 36' N. Pop. 3,500. Kirchhtim, t. Bavaria, on the Mindel, 29 m. E. S. E. Ulm. Kirchheim, or Kirchen, t. Wirtemberg, 15 m. S. E. Stutgard. Pop. 1,350. Kirchheim, or Kirchenunter Teek, t. Germany, in Wirtemberg, on the Lauter, 15 m. S. E. Stut- gard. Pop. 5,050. KirchJieim-Poland, t. Bavarian circle of the Rhine. Pop. 2,000. 28 m. N. W.Manheim. Lon. 759'E. Lat. 49 39' N. Kirchhoffen.) v. Germany, in Baden, 7 m. S. S. \V. Freyburg. Kirchlamitz, t. Bavarian states, 8 m. N. Wuu- siedel. Kircubbin, v. Ireland, in Down co. on Lough Strangford, 86 m.fr. Dublin. Ktrdorf) t. Germany, in Hesse-Darmstadt, 42 m. S. S. VV. Cassel. Kirenga, r. A. Russia, in Irkoutsk, which falls into the Lena. Kirensk, t. A. Russia, in Irkoutsk, on the Lena, 630m. N. of Irkoutsk. Kirghizes, or Kirguis, a numerous and widely extended people of independent Tartary, occupy- ing the immense uncultivated plains or steppes, which extend to the east of the sea of Aral, and from the Aral to the Caspian, along the southern frontier of Asiatic Russia. They are divided into three hordes, called the Little, the Middle, and the Great Horde. The Kirghises of the Little Horde occupy the most westerly position, and wander over the plains to the S. and E. of the Ou- ral, and between the Caspian and Aral. They bring their flocks in summer to the steppes be- tween the Oural and the Volga. The Middle Horde live farther to the east, in vast plains, to the north of the Aral. These two hordes subsist entirely on their flocks. The Great Horde are established farther to the east and south, beyond the Aral, on the banks of the Sirr or Sihon ; and extend southwards to the frontiers of Bukhara and Cashgar. The Kirghises of the Great Horde have few relations with the Russian empire ; and though some of them are pastoral, a considerable proportion cultivate the hind, and inhabit fertile, mild, and well watered countries. The Little and Middle Hordes have acknowledged them- selves subjects oi the Russian empire. The R.US- sian government, however, do not exact from them even the smallest tribute ; on the contrary, they pay regular pension* to all the principal chiefs, to prevent them from plundering on the Russian er. The Little and Middle Hordes am iid to consist each of about 30,000 tents or families. :>n>|>orty consists chiefly of horses, sheep, and goats, with a few camels. Some of them are very rich in these possessions A'ir/Vor, t. Eu. Russia, in Novgorod, 79 m. N. W. Vologda, pop. 2,200. 'ry, Chinese Tartary, inclosed between th* .o a of Japan, the northern frontier of Core*, and thertar snghalien Oula. It is 700 miles Ion,', !i.,j tfio ,road; its climate is very severe, aud it is thinly peopled. The capital is of the same name, on the Songarie, which falls into the Saghalien. Lon. 126 24' E. Lat. 43" 48' N. Kirkaldy, a royal burgh, Scotland, in Fifeshire, on the frith of Forth. The harbour has about 14 feet water at its entrance in spring tides, and is safe and well sheltered, except in storms from the E. or N. E. Kirkaldy has now (1819) 6,500 tons of shipping. There are several mills for spinning flax in the town and vicinity. The principal manufactures are bed ticks, checks, and sheetings ; the value of which is about 130,000 annually. About 15,000 tons o> coal are annually wrought in the immediate neighbourhood. 13 m. N. Edin- burgh. Lon. 3 10' W. Lat. 56 e 8' N. Pop. in 1811, 3,679. Kirkburton, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 9 m. fr. Wake- field. Pop. 1,693. Kirkby, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 6 m. fr. Liver- pool. Pop. 912. Kirkby Island-, isl. on the S. coast of New Hoi- land. Lon. 136 10' E. Lat. 34 33' S. Kirkby Lonsdale, t. Eng. in Westmoreland, on the Lun'e, 12m. S. E. Kendal, 250 N. W. Lon- don. Lon. 2 36' W. Lat. 54" 12' N. Pop. 1,368. Kirkby Malzeard, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 6 m. W. N. W. Rippon. Kirkby, South, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 8 m. S. Pon- tefract. Kirkby, Stephen, t. Eng. in Westmoreland co. on the Eden. The inhabitants are employed in the woollen manufacture, and that of knit stock- ings. 23 m. N. E. Kendal, 264 N. W. London. Lon. 2 21' W. Lat. 54 28' N. Pop. 1, C 235. Kirkby Thorpe, t. Eng. in Westmoreland, 4 m. N. W. Appleby. Kirk-Clissa, or Kirk-FMlesi, or Kirkleesan, t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania. The inhabitants sup- port themselves chiefly by a traffic in corn, wine, butter and cheese. Part of them are Jews. 30 m. S. Adrianople, 100 W. Constantinople. Pop. about 16,000. Kirkcudbright, co. Scotland, bounded N. E. and E. by Dunfries-shire, S. by Solway frith and the Irish sea, W. by Wigtonshire, and N. W. by Ayr- shire. This county is exceedingly diversified, both in its soil and surface. The rearing of black cattle is the chief occupation of the farmers. Pop. in 1801,29,058; in 1811,33,684. Kirkcudbright, royal burgh, Scotland, and cap. of Kirkcudbright co. is pleasantly situated on the Dee, six miles above its confluence with the Sol- way frith. The harbour is one of the most com- modious on the south coast of Scotland. It is safe, and well sheltered, and there is good anchorage at its month. 28 m. S. W. Dumfries. Lon. 4 43' W. Lat. 54 49' ' N. Pop. 2,760. Kirkdate, parish, Eng. in Yorkshire, 4 m. N. E. Helmesley. Kukihtk, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 2 m. N. by E. Liverpool. Kirkliam, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 8 m. W. Pres- ton, 23 S. Lancaster, 223 N. W. London. Lon. 2 5 1' W Lat. 53 46' N. Pop. 2,21 4. KirUand, t. Eng. in. Westmoreland, adjoining Kendal. Pop. 1,245. KirMeatham, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 5 m. N. N. W. Guisborough. Kirklistoun, v Scotland, 8 m. W. Edinburgh. Kirkoswald, t. Eng. in Cumberland, on the E. side of the river Eden. 8i m. N. E. Pcnrith, 292 N. W. London. Lon. 2" 41' W. Lat. 54 45' N. 382 K I S Kirk's mills, p-v. Lancaster co. Pa. Kirk-stall, v. Eng. in Yorkshire, noted for the remains of an abbey of Cistercian monks. Kirkton in Lindsey, in Lincolnshire, 20 m. N. Lincoln, 147 N. by W. London. Lon. 36' VV. Lat. 53 29' N. Pop. 1,531. Kirkton Point, the W. point at the entrance into Port Lincoln, on the S. coast of New Hol- land. Kirkuleti, or Kirkhalet, v. Guriel, in Turkey, near the Black Sea, 20 m. S. of the mouth of Pha- sis river. Kirkicall, a royal burgh, Scotland, and chief town of the stewartry of Orkney, in the isl. of Pomona. It is on a neck of land, washed on one side by the road and bay of Kirk wall, and on the other by an inlet of the sea. The harbor is excel- lent, with an outer road, affording safe anchorage. 172 m. N. Inverness. Lon. 25' W. Lat. 58 33' N. Pop. 2,621. Kirkwood, t. Belmont co. Ohio, 14 m. W. St. Clairsville. Pop. 1,404. Kirk-Yctholm. See Yetholm. Kirlac/i, v. Germany, 7 m. E. S. E. Spire. Kirmansha. See Kermanshaw. Kirn, or Kyrn, t. Prussian province of the Low- er Rhine, on the river Nahe, 4 m. S. by W. Cob- lentz. Pop. 1,250. Kirnbach, t. Baden, 21 m. E. by N. Carlsruhe. Pop. 1,100. Kirpan, t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, 50 m. S. E. Philippopoli. Pop. 1,500. Kirreimuir, t. Scotland, in Forfar co. The sta- ple manufacture of the place is coarse linens. 18 m. N. Dundee, 5i N. W. Forfar. Pop. about 2,000. Kirooah, village on a bay of the same name in the island of Owhyhee, where Capt. Cook was killed by the natives in 1779. Kirsanov, t. Eu. Russia, in Tambov, on the Vo- rona, 6 m. S. E. Tambov. Pop. 3,300. Kirshacz, t. Eu. Russia, in Vladimir, on the Tirschan, 67 m. W. Vladimir. Kirshehr, t. Anatolia, in Asiatic Turkey, sup- posed by some to be the ancient Dioccesarea, 84 m. N. E. Konieh. Kirthipore, t. Hind, in Nepaul. Lon. 85 37 E. Lat. 27 30' N. Kirtland, t. Geauga co. Ohio. Pop. 473. Kirtle, r. Scotland, in Dumfries, which falls in- to the Solway frith at Kirtlefoot. Kirwani, t. W. Africa, in Dentila, 20 m. W. Baniserile. Kiriceiler, t. Bavarian circle of the Rhine, 18 m. S. Lauterburg. Pop. 1,100. Kisch-ber, v. Hungary, 22 m. S. E. Raab. Kischenau, t. Russian Moldavia, on the Dnies- ter. Lon. 29 25' E. Lat. 46 40' N. Kitchher, v. Hungary, in Jazyga, 14 m. E. Jasz- Bereny. Kischkowo, t. Prussian Poland, 19 m. N. W. Posen. Kish, sand-bank in the Irish sea, six miles long, and hardly one wide, 7 m. from the coast of Dub- lin co. Lon. 5" 54' W. Lat. 53 15' N. Kishcorran, Mountains, mts. Ireland, in the S. part of Sligo and Connaught counties. Kislienagur, t. Bengal, on Jellinghy river. Lon. 88 35' E. Lat. 23^26' N. Kishenagur, t. Hind, in Ajmeer. Lon. 75 1' E. Lat. 26 32' N. Kishengunga, r. Hind, which falls into the Jhy- lum, on the N. W. frontier of Lahore. K I V Kishiak, t. Persia, .146 m. W. Shims. Kishmc, called also Jezira Dtrauz, (Long Isl and) the largest island in the Persian gulf, iO m fr. Ormus. It is 60 miles long, and 2 broad. It is at present under the rule of an Arab chief. Lon. 56 50' E. Lat. 26 57' 30'' N. Kishtuc, island in the Pacific, about 100 miles long, and from 30 to 60 broad. Lon. 152 30' to 154 50' W. Lat. 57 to 58" 40' N. Kishtac, isl. on the M. W. coast of America, K. of Foggy Cape, on the S. E. side of the peninsu- la of Alaska, and opposite the mouth of Cook's river. Kishtewar, district, Hind, in Lahore, between 33" and 34 N. lat. Ktslitewar, the capital, is in Ion. 75 20' E. lat. 34 7' N. Kisia, r. Asia, in Georgia, which falls into the Kur. Kiskcmanelas. See Conemaugh. Kts-Maria, t. Hungary, 20 m. S. by E. Debrec- zin. Kissee. See Kissey. Kisseen, s-p. on the S. coast of Arabia. Lon. 51 50' E. Lat. 15 19' N. Kisser, isl. in the Eastern sea, off the N. E. ex- tremity of Timor. Lon. 127 5' E. Lat. 8 5' S. Kissey, a town of liberated negroes in the Parish of St. Patrick, in Sierra Leone. Kissing, v. Bavaria, 6 m. S. E. Augsburg. Kissingen, t. Bavarian states, 32 m. N. VVurz- burg. Lon. 10 17' E. Lat. 50 14' N. Pop. 1,000. Kistna, or Krishna, a celebrated river of the south of India, which rises near the fortress of Sat- tarah, only 50 miles from the western coast, and pours its waters, by various mouths, into the bay of Bengal, a little S. of Masulipatam. Its length is 650 miles, but owing to the accumulation of sand at its mouths, it is not navigable by ships. Kislna-ghurry, t. and fortress, Hind, in Mysore. Lon 78 23' E. Lat. 12 22 N. 66 m. W. S. W. Arcot, 90 E. Seringapatam. Kistnapatan, t. India, on the coast of the Car- natic. Lon. 80 16' E. Lat. 14 19' N. Kisly,t. Cabul, on the W. side of the Indus. Lon. 70 3' E. Lat. 29 18' N. Kite's mills, p-v. Rockingham co. Va. Kitley, t. Leeds co. Up. Canada. Kitnaise, v. Lower Egypt, on the left bank of the Nile, 20 m. S. Faoua. Kitriai, or Dolous, t. Greece, in Messenia, oc- cupying the site of the ancient Pimm, Kitsee, or Koptseng, t. Hungary, in Weisenburg, 8 m. S. W. Presburg. Pop. 1,900. Kitlaning, p-t. and cap. Armstrong co. Pa. on the E. side of the Alleghany, 35 m. N. E. Pittsburg. Pop. 1,294. Kiltatiimy Mountains, a ridge of the Alleghany mountains, which runs through the N. parts of New-Jersey and Pennsylvania. Kittery, p-t. York co. Maine, at the mouth of the Piscataqua, opposite Portsmouth, N. H. 5 m. S. W. York. Pop. 1,886. Kittoor, t. Hind, in Bojapore. Lon. 75 10' E. Lat. 16 46' N. Kitzbichl, or Kitzbuhl, t. Austrian dominions, in Tyrol, 36 m. E. Innspruck. Kitzingtn, t. I J;i \ a> i;i, on the right bank of the Mainf, 10 m. K. S. E. Wurzburg, 34 N. N. W. Anspach. Lon. 10 12" E. Lat. 49 42' N. Pop. 3,600. Kiveloor, t. India, in the Carnatic, 8 m. W. NP gapatam. K L O Kiun-cheu-fou, city, China, and cap. of the isl- and of Hainan. It is on the N. coast, and has a port much frequented by Chinese vessels. The trade of this place is very considerable. Kiusju. See Ximo. Kiutaiah, city, cap. of Anatolia, m Asia Minor, on the site of the ancient Cotyceum. Though not so populous as formerly, it is said still to contain between 50,000 and 60,000 inhabitants, of which number 10,000 are Armenian, and 5,000 Greeks. There are 30 public baths, 50 mosques, 4 Arme- nian, and 1 Greek Church, and 20 caravanseras. Lon. 29 52' E. Lat. 39 25' N. Kiu-tcheou-fou, t. China, in Tchekiang. Lon. 11839'E. Lat. 29 2' N. Kisilermak, r. Asia Minor, (an. Halys,) which rises near Kaisarieh, and falls into the Black sea, about 40 m. S. of Samsoon, in Ion. 36 10' E. and lat. 41 30 7 N. It is the finest river in Asia Minor. Kizilozen, r. Persia, which falls into the Caspi- an sea near Reshd. Kizihkaia, fort, A. Russia, in Orenburg, at the confluence of the Kezil and the Oural. Kixlar, or Kisliar, t. in the government of Cau- casus, in A. Russia, on the Terek, near its entrance into the Caspian. Its trade is considerable, being a sort of entrepot for the commerce of Astracan with Persia and the interior of Caucasus. Lon. 46 29' E. Lat. 43 51' N. Kladova. t. Eu. Turkey, on the Danube, 40 m. N. W. Widdin. Klan, t. Austrian Illyria, in Carniola, 30 m. E. S. E. Trieste. Klattau, circle in the south of Bohemia. Area, 870 sq. miles. Pop. 140,000. Klaltau, or Klattowy, t. Bohemia, and cap. of a circle, 69 m. S. W. Prague. Lon. 13 15' E. Lat. 49 24' N. Pop. 4,000. Kltck, t. Russian Lithuania, in Minsk. 24 m. W. N. W. Sluck. Klecko, t Prussian Poland, 12 m. W. N. W. Gnesna. Kleezewo, t. Poland, 42 m. N. Kalisch. Pop. 1,250. Kleeburg, t. Bavarian province of the Rhine, in Deux Fonts, 6 m. S. Wetzlar. Pop. 850. Klein Gemund, v. Baden, on the Neckar, oppo- site Gemund. Kleppen, small isl. near the W. coast of Africa. Lat. 32 W S. Klesczel, t. Eu. Russia, in Bialystock, 12 m. E. by S. Bielsk. Pop. 1,100. KUmontoic, t. Poland, 13 m. W. by S. Sendo- mir. Klin, t. Eu. Russia, 56 m. N. by W. Moscow. Lon. 36 48' E. Lat. 56 20' N. Pop. 1,100. Klingentlial, v. Saxony, in Vogtland, 12 m. E. Oelsnitz. Pop. 1,000. Klissura, strong place, Eu. Turkey, in Albania, 58 m. N. by VV. Joannina. Pop. 1,800. Klobauk, t. Moravia, 20 m. E. Hradisch. Pop. Klolmcko, t. Poland, 72 m. N. N. W. Cracow. Pp. 1,000. Klotlze, t. Prussian Saxony, 48 m. E. Zelle, 39 N. by W. Magdeburg. Pop. 1,550. h'/n/tpenburg, t. Germany, on the Soste, 60 m. N. N. E. Munster. Lon. 7 59' E. Lat. 52 50' N. Kloslerle, t Bohemia, on the Egra, 15 m. N. E. Carlsbad. Pop. 1,000. Klotler-JYeuburg, t. Lower Austria, on the right aide of (he Danube, 6 m. N. of Vienna. It takes K N O 383 its name from a monastery of the order of St. Au- gustine, founded in 11 14. Here is the dock-yard for the construction of light armed vessels, for pro- tecting the navigation of the Danube ; also a large manufacture of arms for account of government. Lon. 16 17' E. Lat. 48 19' N. Pop. 3,300. Kloten, t. Switzerland, 5 m. N. by E. Zurich. Klundert, t. Netherlands, in North Brabant, 5 m.E. N. E. Williamstadt. Lon. 4 23' E. Lat. 51 39' N. Pop. 700. Knap's Bay, in Hudson's Bay. Lon. 94 54' W. Lat. 61 15' N. Knappsburg, p-v. in Oxford, Chenango co. N. Y. Knaresbo rough, or Gnaresborough, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, on the Nid. The inhabitants are prin- cipally employed in the manufacture of linen. 18 m. W. York. Lon. 1 29' W. Lat. 54 1' N. Pop. 4,234. Kniaginin, t. E. Russia, 40 m. E. N. E Nizney- Novgorod. Pop. 1,050. Knielingen, v. Baden, on the Rhine. Pop. 1,100. Knife river, r. Missouri Territory, which joins the river Missouri on the S. at the Mandan vil- lages. Knighton, t. South Wales, in Radnor, on the river Teme, 10 m. \. E. New Radnor. Lon. 3 2' W. Lat. 52 14' N. Pop. 952. Knighton upon Teame, hamlet, Eng. in Worces- ter, 3 m. fr. Tenbury. Knight's Canal, inlet, on the N. W. coast of America. Lat. 50* 45' N. Knight's kland,isl. in Behring's bay, separated from the continent of America by a narrow chan- nel. Lon. 220 47' E. Lat. 59 45' N. Knight's Island, isl. in Prince William's sound. Lon. 212 52' E. Lat. 60 24' N. Knight's Island, small isl. in Hudson's bay. Lon. 9330'W. Lat. 61 50' N. Knight's Island, in the Pacific ocean, and the largest of those called the Snares by captain Van- couver. The south point is in Ion. 166 44' E. lat. 48 15' S. Knin, t. Austrian Dalmatia, 40 m. E. Zara. Knin, t. Bohemia, 21 m. S. Prague. Kniphausen, s-p. Germany, in the grand dutchy of Oldenburg, on the Jade, 39 m. E.Embden. Lon. 8E. Lat. 53 33' N. Knisteneaux, a tribe of Indians, who chiefly re- side in the British possessions, N. of lake Superi- or, although some bands reside on streams running into Red river. They are of a moderate stature, well proportioned, and of great activity. Their complexion is of a copper colour, and their hair black. Their eyes*re black, keen, and penetra- ting, and their countenances open and agreeable. Knissin, t. Poland, 36 m. N. Bielsk. Pop. 1,700. Knittelfeld, t. Austria, in Upper Styria, on the Muhr, 98m. S. W. Vienna. Pop. 1,100. Knittlingen, t. Wirtemberg, 20 m. W. Heil- bronn. Pop. 2,100. Knock, hill, Scotland, in Banff, a landmark in navigating the Murray frith. Knock Head, cape on the E. coast of Scotland, 3 m. W. N. W. Banff. Knocknarea, cape, Ireland, in Sligo bay, 6 m. W. Sligo. Knocktopher, t. Ireland, in Kilkenny, 63 m. fr. Dublin. Knot's Island, p-v. Currituck co. N. C. Knotfinglay, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, en the Aire, 1 m. S. E. Ferry Bridge. Pop. 3,327 Knowllon, t. Sussex co. N. J. Pop. 2,701. Knoivllon mills, p-r. Sussex co. N. J. 384 K O E K O M Knox, isl. one of Ingraham's islands in the Pa- cific. Lon. 141 VV. Lat. 8 3' S. Knox, t. Hancock co. Maine, 25 m. N. W. Cas- tine. Pop. 560. Knox, t Albany co. N. Y. Knox, co. East Tenessee, on the S. side of Clinch river, and intersected by the Ilolston. Pop. 13,034. Slaves, 1,825. Engaged in agriculture, 2,769, in commerce 35. Chief town, Knoxville. Knox, co. in the S. part of Kentucky. Pop. 3,661. Slaves 337. Engaged in agriculture, 1,096, in commerce, 5, in manufactures 32. Chief town, Barboursville. Knox, co. in the central part of Ohio, 30 miles long and 20 broad. Pop. 8,326. Engaged in agriculture, 1,367, in commerce, 4, in manufac- tures 139. Chief town, Mount Vernon. Knox, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. Pop. 535. Knox, t. Guernsey co. Ohio. Pop. 219. Knox, t. Jefferson co. Ohio, on Ohio river, 12 m. above Steubenville. Knox, co. Indiana, on the Wabasli. Pop. 5,437. Engaged in agriculture 941, in commerce 50, in manufactures 212. Chief town, Vincennes. Knoxville, p-t. and cap. Knox co. Tennessee, on the N. bank of the Holston, 22 miles above its junction with the Tennessee, and 4 below the mouth of French Broad river, 200 E. of Nashville, 190 8. of Lexington, (Ky.) Lon. 84 W. Lat. 35 50' N. Pop. in 1818, estimated at more than 2,000. It is regularly laid out, and contains a court- house, jail, bank, a respectable academy, 3 houses of public worship, and barracks large enough to accommodate 300 men. A college was establish- ed in this town several years since, but has not yet gone into operation. It is entitled to the bene- fit of a donation from Congress, which, it is expect- ed, will yield a capital of 50,000 dollars. Knoxville, p-t. Jefferson co. Ohio, 4 m. W. Ohio river, Hi N. Steubenville. Pop. in 1819, 120. Knoyle, East, or Bishop's Knoyle, t. Eng. in Wiltshire, 3m. S. W. Hindon. Pop. 905. Knulsford, or Canutsford, t. Eng. in Cheshire, 25m. E. by N. Chester, 176 N. W. London. Lon. 2 22' W. Lat. 53 18' N. Pop. 2,1 14. Krtyno, r. Wales, in Pembrokeshire, which falls into the Tivy, 5 m. below Cardigan. Koameroo^ Cape, the S. E. point at the entrance of Queen Charlotte's sound, New Zealand. Lon. 176 30' E. Lat. 41 34' N. Kobidin, t. Prussian Poland, 50 m. S. Posen. Pop. 2,000. Kcjcher, r. Wirtemberg, which falls into the Necker at Kochendorf, between Heilbronn and Wimpfen. Kock, t. Poland, on the Wieprz, 31 m. N. Lub- lin. Pop. 900. Kockdburg, t. Transylvania, on the Kockel, which falls into the Marosch 32 m. N. Hermann- stadt. Koden, t. Poland, on the Bog, 23 m. E. by. S. Bialo. Kod%iar-Hisar, t. Diarbekir, in A. Turkey, 10 m. S. Merdin. Kodgia-shehr, v. Anatolia, in A. Turkey, 12m. N. Kiutaiah. Kodwk, an extensive group of islands onti.fr W. coast of N. America, about 50 m. from t trance into Conk's inlet, extending about \:>() miles from S. W. to N. E. Lon. 206 IJ 12' to 208" 45 E. Lat. 56 45' to 58 28' N. Koei-tchoo, province, China, near the S. W. extremity of the empire, bordering on Yunnan. Koei-tchoo- fou, city, China, of the first rank, u, Setchuen, on the Yang-tse-kiang. Lon. 109 50' E. Lat 31 9' 36'' N. Koei-yangfou, city, China, cap. of the prov- ince of Koei-tchoo. Lon. 108 30' E. Lat. 27 40' N. Koenigs see, t. Germany, in Schwart/burg-Ru- dolstadt. Pop. 2,000. Koelzing, t. Bavaria, 33 m. E. by N. Ratisbon. Pop. 900. Kogetein, t. Moravia, on the Blata, 34 m. S. by E. Brunn. Pop. 3,050. Kogong, v, W. Africa, in Sierra Leone. Lon. 12 12' E. Lat. 1045'N. Kokelan, district, Hind, in Lahore, between 33 and 34 N. lat. on the river Jliylum. Kojend. See Khojund. Koko, r. Brazil, which runs into the Atlantic, in the bay of Iguape. Koko, rocky shoal in the Eastern seas. Lon. 124 20' E. Lat. 6 24' S. Kokproo, or Bake, r. W. Africa, which rises in Manding, not far from the Niger, and falls into the Senegal, 80 m. E. Gallam. Kola, or Kolkoe Ostrog, s-p. Russian Lapland, in Archangel, 540 m. N. "Petersburg. Lon. 32 30' E. Lat. 68" 22' N. Kolar, t. Bursalum, W. Africa, near the coast. Lat. 1350'N. Kolasin, t. Eu Russia, in Tver, on the Wolga, 80 m. E. N. E. Tver. Pop. 3,500. Kolkokro, large lake, Kamschatka, which abounds in sea calves. Kolleda, or Koln, t. Prussian Saxony, on the Lossa, 19 m. N. by E. Erfurt. Pop. 1,700. Kolluvi, tribe of the African people called Tu- arick, between Fezzan and Ashen. Kolno, t. Poland, 87 m. N. N. E. Warsaw. Pop. 1,000. Kolocsa, t. Hungary, 68 m. S. Pest, near the Danube. It is an archbishop's see. Lon. 19 0' 15" E. Lat. 46 32' N. Pop. 4,000. Kolokythia, s-p. Greece, (an. Gylhium,') in the Morea, 25 m. S. E. Misitra. Lon. 22 34' E. Lat. 36" 47' N. Kolomna, t. Eu. Russia, in Moscow, on the Oka, near the influx of the Moskwa into that river. 65 m. S. E. Moscow. Pop. 5,800. Kolomyia, t. Austrian Poland, in Galicia, on the Pruth. Pop. 2,000. Kolor, t. Woolly, W. Africa, near the Gambia. Kolpaskouskoi, fort, A. Russia, in Oufa, on the Oural, 124 m. E. Orenburg. Kolyma, or Koi-i/ma, r. A. Russia, which falls into the Frozen ocean, in Ion. 152 24' E. Lat. 71 25' N. Kolyvan, a district of Asiatic Russia, in the gov- ernment of Tomsk, on the upper part of the Obi. It is chiefly distinguished for the extensive copper mines situated within its limits, containing a con- siderable proportion of silver, and a small quanti- ty of gold. The town of Koly van i^onOu ', near its junction with the Obi. Lon. 81 50' E. Lat. 54 4:;' N. Kolznm, t. Egypt, near t!r hradof the Red sea, in the neighbourhood of Suez. l\nm. r si mango, one of the Friendly :j in. II. Aimamooka. Komnrno, t. Austrian Poland, in Galicia, 24 m. 8. W. Lemberg. Pop. 2,.350. country, Central Africa, about 200 m. iN;. Komm, ^Bohemia, 16 m. N. N. W. Saatz. K O N Kommotau, t. Bohemia, 38 m. S. Dresden. Lon. 13" -25' E. Lat. 50 26' N. Pop. 3,000. Komol, cape, Nubia, on the coast oi the Red sea. Lon. 35 15' E. Lat. 22 45' N. Komri Gebel. See Kumri. Konapour, t. Hind, in Bejapore. Lon. 74 32' E. Lat 15 34' N. Kong, a kingdom of Central Africa, to the S. of the Niger. According to Mr. Bowditch's map, it is nearly midway between Ashantee and Bam- barra. Kong-chang-fou, city, China, of the first rank, in the province of Shensee, near the W. frontier. Lon. 104 19' E. Lat. 34 56' N. Kongelf, or Kongshala, t. Sweden, in Bahus, 10 m. N. Gottenburg. Pop. 900. Kongsbacha, t. Sweden, 13 m. S. Gottenburg. Kongsberg, t. Norway, in Aggerhuus, on both sides of the Lowe, 36 m. W. Christiania. Lon. 9 45' E. Lat. 59 37' N. Pop. 6,300. Konguelienne, r. A. Russia, in Igiguinsk, which falls into the sea of Okhotzk. Koniecpol, t. Poland, 50 m. N. Cracow. Pop. 1,050. Konieh, pachalic,A. Turkey, inNatolia, bound- ed N. E. by Siwas, E. by Merasche, S. E. by Ada- na, S. by the district of Itschil, W. and N. W. by the pachalic of Anatolia. Konieh, or Cogni, (an. Iconium,} city, Carama- uia, in Asia Minor. Lon. 32 4' E. Lat. 37 52 ; N. Konjeur, district, Hind, in Orissa, between 21 and 22^ N. lat. Konjeur, the capital is in Ion. 85 45'E.lat. 2134'N. Konigingratz, one of the sixteen circles into which Bohemia is divided. It is contiguous to Si- lesia and Moravia. Extent, 1,300 sq. miles. Pop. 263,000. Konigingratz, or Koniggrats, t. Bohemia, on the Elbe, cap. of the preceding circle, and the see of a bishop. 139 m. N. Vienna, 64 E. by N. Prague. Lon. 15 U 39' E. Lat. 50 10' N. Pop. 5,700. Konigtberg, city, and cap. of E. Prussia, on the Pregel, 4m. from its mouth. The principal pub- lic buildings are the town-house, an anatomical theatre, an hospital, an orphan-house, and the royal palace. Konigsberg was one of the Hanse towns. Its exports consist of wheat, rye, hemp, flax, and linseed ; also tallow, wax, and oil. The chief imports from England are colonial produce, hardware, printed cottons, and India piece goods ; also coals. A considerable trade is carried on with Holland. The chief manufactures are woollens, leather, and gloves. It has a universi- ty, founded in 1544, with 18 professors, and about 300 students. The majority of the inhabitants are Germans and Lutherans. 76 m. E. N. E. Dantzic, 70 S. by W. Memel. Lon. 20 29' E. Lat. 54" 42' N. Pop. 55,000 of whom 8,000 are Jews. Konigtberg in Franconia, t. 14m. N. W. Bam- berfc. Konigsberg, t. Bohemia, on the Elbe, 6 m, N. E. Egra. Pop. 2,600. Konietberg, t. Prussia, on the Rorike,59 m. N. E. Berlin. Pop. 3,250. Konigtberg, t. Silesia. Lon. 18 10' E. Lat. 49 4CXN. Pop. 900. Konigtberg, t. Germany, in Upper Hesse, 46 m. N. N. E. Mentz. Lon. 8 35' E. Lat 50 SffN. 49 K O O 385 Konigsbruck, t. Saxony, in Upper Lusatia, on the Pulsnitz. Pop. 1,050. Konigstck, t. Bohemia, 10 m. E. S. E. Neuhaus. Konigshain, v. Saxony, in Upper Lusatia, 3 m. N. E. Hirschfeld. Pop. 1,200. Konigshayn,v. Prussia, in Silesia, 3 m. E. Glatz. Pop. 900. Konigshof, t. Bohemia, on the Elbe, 14 m. N. Konigingratz. Pop. 2,900. Konigsliofen in Grabfelde, t Franconia, on the Saale, 30 m. N. W. Bamberg. Pop. 1,400. Konigshofen, t. Baden, on the Tauber, 74 m. S. E. ?lentz. Pop. 1,350. Konigshofen, v. Prussian Westphalia, 17 m. S. W. Dusseldorf. Pop. 1,000. Konigslutter, t. Germany, in Brunswick, on the Lutter, 17 m. E. Brunswick. Pop. 1,600. Konigs-stadt, t. Bohemia, 5 m. S. W. Konigin- gratz. Pop. 1,300. Konigstein, t. Germany, in Nassau, 16 m. N. E. Mentz. Lon. 8 24' E. Lat. 50 VZ N. Pop. 800. Konigstein, t. Saxony, 16 m. S. E. Dresden. Pop. 1,050. Konigswald, t. Prussia, in New Mark of Bran- denburg, 22 m. E. Kustrin. Pop. 1,050. Konigswalde, v. Saxony, in Erzgebirge, near Grunhayn. Pop. 1,350. Konigswart, t. Bohemia, 14 m. E. S. E. Egra. Konigswusterfiausen, t. Prussia, in Brandenburg, on the Suhne. Pop. 2,100. Konin, t. Poland, 80 m. S. Culm. Pop. 1,300. Konitz, t. Germany, in Moravia, 15 m. W. Ol- mutz Pop. 950. Konkodoo, country, W. Africa, situated between the upper parts of the Faleme and Senegal, bor- dering on Jalonkadoo, Satadoo, and Dentila. Konnern, or Connern, t. Prussian Saxony, on the Saale, 34 m. N. W. Leipsic. Pop. 1,800. Konolfingen, v. Switz. 7 m. E. S. E. Bern. Konotop, t. Russia, in Czernigov. Lon. 37 84' E. Lat. 51 5' N. Konsan, t. W. Africa, in Foota Jallo, 120 m.W. Kakundy. Konskie, t. Poland, 38 m. W. S. W. Radom. Pop. 1,000. Konslantinograd, t. Eu. Russia, on the Orel, 49 m. E. by S. Poltava. Pop. 1,200. Kooch, t. Hind, in Agra. Lon. 79 35' E. Lat. 26 N. Koog, v. Netherlands, in North Holland, 6 m. N. Amsterdam. Pop. 1,700. Koojar, t. W. Africa, in Woolly, 54 m. E. Me- dina. Kookies, Race of. See Chittagong. Koolikorro, t. W. Africa, in Bambara, on the Niger, 130 m. S. W. Sego. Koom, city, Persia, formerly one of the first ci- ties of Persia,and long celebrated for its silk man- ufacture. It was completely destroyed in 1722, by the Afghans. Part has since been rebuilt. Lon. 50 29' E. Lat. 34 45' N. Kooma,t. Persia, 12 m. S. Ispahan. Koondah, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 84 47' E. Lat. 24 ll'N. Koongul, fort, India, in Mysore, 54 m. E. Seriu- gapatam. Kooniakary, t. Woolly, W. Africa, 48 m. E. N. E. Medina. Kooniakary, t. W. Africa, cap. of Kasson. Lon 858'W. Lat. 1436'N. Koonzeljfhur, fort, Hind, in Bejapore. K O R KoorbaJi, t Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 83 8 r E. Lat. . ' N T . Kookarany, t. Bondou, W. Africa, 50 m. W. Fatteconda. Koorleputtoo, district, Ceylon, on the E. side of the island, in about 8 N. la"t. Kooro, t Africa, in Foota Jallo. Lon. 10 20' W. Lat. 10 8' IV. Kooncey, t. Hind, in Malwah. Lon. 78 17' E. Lat. 24 1 1' \. Koosee. See Consa. Kooshaub,t. Hind, in Lahore. Lon. 71 5' E. Lat. 31 45 N. Kooshkyserd, an extensive plain of Irak, in Persia. Kooskooxkee, r. Oregon territory, which rises in the rocky mountains, and joins Lewis riv- er, between Ion. 11 7 and 118 W. and between lat. 46" and 47 N. Koospaganick, r. Canada, which runs into St. John's lake. Lon. 72 9' W. Lat. 48 20' N. Kootatie, or Cocoa Island, isl. in the South Pa- cific ocean. Lon. 173 48' W. Lat. 15 55' S. Kopaul, t. Hind, in Bejapore. Lon. 76 6' E. Lat. 15 28' N. Kopiel, or Kopyl, t. Russia, in Caucasus, on the left bank of the Cuban. Before the Russian con- quest, it was the residence of the Seraskier of the Cuban. Lon. 37 32' E. Lat. 45 1O N. Roping, t. Sweden, 18 m. W. by N. Westeraas. Pop. 1,250. Koprainits, t. Croatia, 76 m. N. E. Carlestadt. Pop. 3,200. Kopyl, t. Russian Lithuania, in Minsk, 16 m. N. W. Slatzk. Pop. 1,000. Kopys, t. Russia, on the Dnieper, 30 m. N. Mo- hilev. 'Lon. 30 5' E. Lat. 54 15' N. Pop. 1,600. Korrtssan, province of Persia, having Irak and Mazanderan to the VV. Seistan to the S. Bukharia and Balk to the \. and E. It is in general a level country, though intersected by lofty and irregular ranges of mountains ; some part of it also consists of sandy deserts. The soil is generally excellent, pro lacing corn, wine, fruit, rice, and silk, plenti- fully and of excellent quality. The authority of the king of Persia at present extends only over the western district. The southern parts, inclu- ding Herat, have fallen under the dominion of the Afghans ; the eastern and northern are occupied by the king of Rakharia, and by wandering tribes of T'lrcomans. These nations carry on constantly a predatory warfare, and their parties of flying horse are incessantly scouring the country, and laying it waste. Kordofan, country, Central Africa, between the kingdom of Darfur und that of Sennaar. Ibeit is the capital. Koriaks, a people of Siberia, who inhabit part of the government of Okhotsk, around the gulf of Pen^inskaia, and N. as far a the banks of the Anadir. They are divided into the fixed and the wandering Koriaks. The wandering Koriaks sub- sist by hunting and plunder. The whole number is about 2,000. Korjiliaak, t. Hind, in Lahore, on the river Jhyluin. Lon. 73 4' E. Lat. 32 40' N. Koritschan, t. Moravia, 27 m. E. by S. Brunn. Pop. 1,200. Kork, v. Baden, 3 m. E. Kehl. Pop. 850. Korkan. See Jorjan. Kornn, v. Irak Arabi, at the junction of the Eu- phrates and Tigris. Kornhaus, t. Bohemia, 21 m. W. by N. Prague. K O T * Korn-Neuburg, t. Lower Austria, on the Dan- ube, 10 m. N. Vienna. Lon. 16' 19' E. Lat. 4B" 21' 2-2'' N. Pop. 1,800. Korop, t. Eu. Russia, in Czernigov, on the Des- na. Lon. 33 40' E. Lat. 51 30' N. Korns, (the Black,} r. Hungary, which fall int the Theysse near Czongrad. Korolscha, t. Eu. Russia, in Kursk, 44 m. S. S. E. Kursk. Pop 8,000. Koround, t. Hind, in Oude. Lon. 80 44' E. Lat. 27 ll'N. Korpo, group of islands in the archipelago of Abo, on the W. coast of Finland. Lon. 21 25' E. Lat. 60 9' N. Korschenbroich, v. Prussian territory, on the Rhine, in Neersen. Korsewelan, small isl. in the Eastern seas. Lon. 12840'E. Lat. 7 39' 3. Korti, t. Africa, on the Nile, 60 m. E. Don- gola. Kortright, p-t. Delaware co. N. Y. 10 m. N. E. Delhi, 62 S. W. Albany. Pop. 2,548. Korumabad. See Khorwnabad. Koschuralskoi, fort, Russia, in Caucasus, on the Oural, 24 m. S. Ouralsk. Kosel, t. Prussia, in Silesia, on the Oder, 73 m. S. E. Breslau. Pop. 3,300. Koseles, t. Eu. Russia, 45 m. S. Czernigov. Pop. 2,000. Koselsk, t. Eu. Russia, 42 m. S. S. W. Kaluga. Pop. 2,900. Kosichinskoi, fort, Russia, in Caucasus, on the Volga, 48 m. N. N. W. Astracan. jfiftme, kingdom, W. Africa, on the E. bank of the river Lagos, about 60 m. from its mouth. Kosmi.n, t. Prussian Poland, 30 m. W. Kalisch. Pop. 1,700. Kostanicsza, t. Austrian Croatia, on the Unna, 52 m. E. by S. Carlstadt. Lon. 16 36' 39'' E. Lat. 45 13' 57'' N. Pop. 3,300. Kostel, t. Moravia, 6 m. S. S. E. Auspitz. Lon. 16 47' E. Lat. 48 50' N. Pop. 1,500. Kostel,t. Austrian Illyria, in Lower Carniola, 5 m. S Gottsche. Kosteletz, t. Moravia, 7 m. S. W. Olmutz. Pop. 1,100. Kostdetz on the Elbe, t. Bohemia, 12 m. N. N. E. Prague. Lon. 14 45' E. Lat. 50 12' N. Kosteletz on the Krewzel, or Black Kostehtz, t. Bohemia, 21 m. E. byS. Prague. Pop. 900. Kosfen, t. Prussian Poland, 26 m. S. S. W. Po- sen. Pop. 1,300, Kostendil, i. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, 100 m. N. Salonica. Pop. 8,000. Koster's Islands, group of islands in the North sea, on the coast of Gottenburgh, in Sweden. Kostroma, one of the largest governments of Eu. Russia, between 40 20' and 48 20' E. Ion. and 56* 45' and 59 13' N. lat. and bounded by the govern- ments of Vologda, Viatka, Niznei-Novgorod, Vla- dimir, and Jaroslav. Extent, 38,400 sq. miles. Pop. about 1,1 50,000. Kostroma, t. Eu. Russia, and cap. of the govern- ment of the same nnme, is on the Wolga, near the influx of the river Kostroma. Pop. 9,000. It is the see of a bishop. 435 m. E. by S. St. Peters- burgh. Lon. 41 12 ' E. Lat. 57 45' N. Kossieglow, t. Poland, 51 m. N. W. Cracow. Pop. 1,350. Kotnh, t. and fortress, Hind, in Ajmeer. Lon. 75 48' E. Lat. 25 1 1' N. Kotelnitscfi, t. Eu. Russia, on the Viatka, 36 m. S.W. Viatka. Pop. 4,000. K R A Kclhen, t. Germany, in Upper Saxony, 12 m. S. W.Dessau. Lon. 12 4' E. Lat. 51 47' N. Koinar, t. Moldavia, 29 m. N. W. Jassy. Koto. See Quitia. Koloo, one of the small Friendly islands, 16 m. N. Aunamooka. Lon. 185 1 1' E. Lat. 1 9" 58' S. Kotrou, s-p. Ivory coast of Africa, 20 m.W.Cape Lahou. Kotsehau, t. Bohemia, 3 ra. N. E. Tachau. Kottuir, district, Ceylon, on the eastern side of the island, between 8 and 9 N. lat. Kotlis, t. Lower Austria, 10 m. S. Zwetl. Kotlocomb, t. Central Africa, 100 m. S. Bornou. Kolzting, t. Bavaria, 37 in. E. Ratisbon. Pop. 900. Kouakand. See Koukan. Kouanznan-fou, city, China, of the first rank, in Yunnan. Lon. 106 14' E. Lat. 30 3? N. Koucho,v.\V. Africa, 36 m. up the river Sherbro. Koudekerk, v. Netherlands, in S. Holland, 4 m. E. by S. Leyden. Pop. 900. Koukan, city, Independent Tartary, near the banks of the Sirr or Sihon, 70 leagues N. E. Sa- inarcand,65 W. Cashgar. Koukou. See Kuku. Kouma, r. A. Russia, which rises in the Cauca- sus, and flowing eastward, loses itself in the sand, before reaching the Caspian sea. Koum d drab, v. Upper Egypt, on the Nile; 8 m. N. Tahta. Koum Erige, t. Upper Egypt, on the Nile, 12 m. N. Benisuef. Koum Ombo. See Gmbo. Kcurnyks, Mahometan and Tartar nation, who live at the foot of the Caucasus, on the right bank of the Terek. Korroi'i t. Eu. Russia, 24 m. E. Vladimir. Kous, (an. jQppoliinapulis Parra,) t. Upper E- gypt, on the E. hank of the Nile, opposite Thebes. The greater part of its commerce is now transfer- red to Kene. Kouzntlzki t. in Tomsk, A. Russia. Lon. 87 30' E. Lat. 53 20' N. Kowabee, village, Hind. 40 m. N. \V. Delhi. Kowal, t Poland, 80 m. W. by N. Warsaw. Pop. 1,600. Kowar. See Kiawer. Kowno, or Kauen, t. Russia, in the government of Wilna, at the junction of the Niemen and the Wilna, 66 m. W \. W. Wilna. Pop. 3,400. Koicroica. See Kirooah. Koyar, t. Hind, in Berar. Lon. 79 35' E. Lat. 20 6' N 7 . Koydanovn, t. Eu. Russia, 16 m. S. S. W. Minsk. Kozdetz, t. Eu. Russia, in Czernigov, 45 m. N. N. K. Kiev. Kozlov, t. Eu. Russia, 48 m. W. N. W. Tambov. Lon. 33 33' 48" E. Lat. 45 14' N. Pop. 7,100. Kozmin, t. Prussian Poland, 28 m. W. N. W. Kali^ch. Pop. 1,700. Krabben, small isl. in the Atlantic, near the coast of Guiana. Lon. 57 50' W. Lat. 10' N. Krnc. See Karak. Krageroe, t, Norway. Lon. 9 30' 42" E. Lat. 58 51' 35" N. Kra/umfieimttettin, t. Baden, 8 m. W. Sigma- W;', t. Austrian Illyria, in Carniola, on f>,M m. W. Laybach. Lon. 14 11' E. Lat. 46 20 N. Pop 1,400. fifafartofc, isl. in the straits of Sunda, 10 miles in circumference. Lon, 105 15' E. Lat. 6 9' S. K R O 387 Kraliewa Vdika, t. Sclavonia, 156 m. S.Vienna. Lon. 1730'E. Lat. 45 44' N. KralowitS) t. Bohemia, 15m. S. W. Rakonitz. Pop. 950. Kraninchfeld, t. Germany, in Saxe-Gotha, on the Ilm. Pop. 1,300. Lon. 1 1 1 1' 45" E. Lat. 50 51' 55" N. Krapiwna, t. Prussian Silesia, on the Oder, 9m. N. E. Ober Glogau. Pop. 1,200. Krasnibrod, t. Hungary, in Semplin, 35 m. N. E. Eperies. Krasnobrod, t. Poland, 28 m. W. Belcz. Krasnoe, v. Eu. Russia, 30 m. S. W. Smolensk, Kramoe-Selo, v. Eu. Russia, 20m. fr. St. Peters- burgh. Krasnoiarsk, t. in Astracan, A. Russia, on an isl- and formed by arms of the Volga. Lou. 48 30 'E. Lat. 4t> 29' N. Pop. 1,970. Krasnoiarsk, t. A. Russia, in Tomsk, on a small river which falls into the Yenisei. Pop. 3,450. Krasno-kutsk) t. Eu. Russia, in Charcov, 40m. W. a. W. Charkov. Pop. 4,000. Krasno-slobodsk, t. Eu. Russia, in Penza, on the river Moskwa. Pop. 4,700. Krasnoslmc, t. Poland, in Lublin, on the river Wieprez, 26 m. S. S. W. Chelm. Pop. 2,500. Krasnoy-Cholm, t. Eu. Russia, in Tver, 100 m. N. by E.Tver. Pop. 1,800. Krassova, tin extensive palatinate in the S. E. of Hungary. Pop. 200,000. Kreben,t. Prussian Poland, 32 m.S.Posen. Pop. 1,300. KreidersviUe, p-v. Northampton co. Pa. Kremenes, t^ Russian Poland, in Volhynia, 224 m. E. Cracow. Pop. 3,650. Krementschnk, t. Eu. Russia, in Pultava, on the Dniener, 38 m. W. N. W. Ekaterinoslav. Lon. 33 59' E. Lat. 49 3' 28" N. Pop. 7,400. Krempt, t. Denmark, in Holstein. Lon. 9 23' E. Lat. 53 53' N. Pop. 1,000. Kremsier, or Kromersis, t. Austrian states, 17m. S. Olmutz. Lon. 17 20' E. Lat. 49 11' N. Pop. 3,200. Krestzy, t. Eu. Russia, in Novgorod, 67 m. S.E. Novgorod. Pop. 1,900. Kreutz, t. Austria, 150 m. S. by E.Vienna. Pop. 1,800. Krilov,t. Eu. Russia, in Ekaterinoslav. Pop. 2,200. Krishna. See Kistnah. Kritschtr, or Kriczev,t Eu. Russia, inMohilev, 56 m. S. Alohilev. Krjukor, t. Eu. Russia, in Chersou, on the Dnie- per. Pop. 1,000. Kroben, or Kraive, t. Prussian Poland, 44 m. S. Posen. Pop. 1,300. Krcepelm, t. Germany, in Mecklenburg-Schwe- rin, 22 m. N. E. Wismar. Pop. 1,250. Krojanke, t. Prussian Poland, 24 m. S. S. W. Friedlancl. Pop. 1,800. Kromaur, t. Moravia, 18 m. N. E. Znaym. Pop. 1,400. Kromme, bay, S. Africa, Cape of Good Hope, about lat. 34" S. Kromy,t. Eu. Russia, in Orel, 16m. S.Orel. Pop. 2,000. Kronobf.rg, or Wexio* province, Sweden, com- prising the S. part of Smaland. Sq. miles, 3,608. Pop. 87,604. Kronotskoi Noss, cape, Siberia. Lon. 162" 3' E. Lat. 54 45' N. Krooky city, Persia, 150 m. S. E. Kerman. 38S K U M Kropicna, t. Eu. Russia, 16 m. W. Tula. Pop. 1,000. Krossen, t. Austrian Poland, in Galicia, 90 ui. \V. Lemberg. Pop. 4,900. Krotoschyn, t. Prussian Poland, 28 m. W. Ka- lisch. Pop 4,100. Krotzka, t. Eu. Turkey, in Servia, on the S. side of the Danube, 15 m. S. E. Belgrade. Krulich, or Grulich, t. Bohemia, 82 m. E. Prague. Pop. 2,000. Krumbach, t. Bavaria, 56 m. W. Munich. Pop. 1,400. Krutnlau, or Krumau, t. Bohemia, on the Mul- .la. To' m. S. Prague. Lon. 14 13' E. Lat. 48 59' N. Krzrpice, t Poland, 52 m. N. W. Cracow. Pop. 900. Ki-z /://??? i/, t. Moravia, 23m. N. W. Brunn. Pop. 1,2(30. Kladne. See Katahdin. Ktcifa, (an. Adarisi,} t. Syria, 22 m. E, N. E. Damascus. Kuara, a mountainous province at the W. ex- tremity of Abyssinia, near the banks of the Bahr- el-Abiad. Kuban, r. A. Russia, which rises on the N. side of the Caucasian mountains and discharges its waters through many mouths partly into the Black sea and partly into the sea of Azoph. Kubbe.tr, Sea of, salt lake, Irak, in Persia, 150 miles long, and 35 broad. Kubbees, city, Seistan, in Persia, 150 m. N. E. Kerman, 160 S.E. Yezd. Kubin* t. Hungary, on the Danube, opposite Semendria. Pop. -2,400. Kubin, t. Hungary. Pop. 1,900. Lon. 19 18' E. Lat. 49 14' N. Kudamia, v. Egypt, on the Nile, 20 m. N. Cairo. Kufa, city, Irak Arabi, 4 m N. Mesched All. Kvffstein, t. Austrian states, in the Tyrol, on the Inn, 43 m. E. N. E. Inspruck. Kuft, or Kef I, an ancient city of Upper Egypt, formerly called Coptos, which, during the time of the Ptolemies, was the great emporium of its com- merce. Lon. 32 E. Lat. 25 50' N. Kuhtfir, district, Hind, in Cashmere, between 34" and 35 N.lat. Kuiatskaia. See Kiakhta. Kulla, country, Central Africa, S. E. of Wanga- ra. It appears probable that this country is the same described by Mr. Bowdich under the name of Quolla. Kullen, cape, Sweden. Lon. 12 1 9' E. Lat. 56 17' 50" N. Kullo, district, W. Africa, on the main branch of the Senegal. Kulmeeta, v. Algiers, on the Shelliff, 6 m. N. Mustygannim. l\'i/pa, r. Austrian Illyria, which forms the boundary between Croatia and Carniola, and falls into the Save, on the confines of Sclavonia. Kulxheim, t. Baden, 40m. E. by S. Heidelberg. Pop. 1,900. Kumania, two districts, in the central part of Hungary, on the great river Theysse. Kumbalia, t. Hind, in Gujerat. Lon. 69 45' E. Lat. 22 15' N. Kumi, isl. in the Eastern seas, one of a rlust. r between Formosa and Japan. Lon. 23 16' E. Lat. 24 33' N. Kumlirie, small isl. in the Baltic, between Fin- land and the Aland isles. Lon. 20 37' E. Lat. 60 1TN. K U R Kumri Gcbel, or Mountains of the JV/on, ;> of mountains in Central Africa, S. of Al>; and Darfur. It is commonly represented as form- ing a complete belt across Africa ; but there ap- pears much reason to doubt such a continuity. Kuna, t. Russian Poland, in Podolia, 15 m. S. E. Braclaw. Kunashir, isl. of the Eastern seas, one of the Kuriles, about 100 miles long and 35 broad. Kundal, t. Bengal, in Tipperah. Lon. 91 18' E. Lat. 23 12 1 N. Kvndapoor, s-p. India, in Carnara, near the mouth of a river. Lon. 74 47' E. Lat. 13 33' N. Kungur, t. Eu. Russia, 40 m. S. Perm. Pop. 6,000. Kunka, district, Hind, in Orissa, on the sea. coast. Kun kagur, cap. of the above district, is on the sea coast. Lon. 87 5' E. Lat. 20 50' N. Kunoioitz, t. Moravia, 37 m. S. by E. Olmutz. Pop. 2,500. Kunstadt, t. Silesia, 38 m. E. Breslau. Lon. 18 3 E. Lat. 512'N. Kun Szent Miklos, t. Hungary, in Little Kuma- nia, 35 m. S. Pest. Pop. 4,000. Kunselsau, t. Wirtemberg, on the Kocher, 9 m. N. E. Ochringen. Pop. 2,000. Kuopio, t. Eu. Russia, in Finland, 220 m. N. N. E: Abo. Pop. 850. Knpferberg, t. Bavarian States, 37 m. N. E. Bamberg. Pop. 900. Kupferberg, t. Silesia, on the Bober, 17m. S.W. Jauer. Pop. 800. Kuph, v. Syria. 35 m. S. S. W. Aleppo. Kupinowa, t. Hungary, on the Save, 16 m. S. S. W.Belgrade. Kuppenheim, t. Baden, on the Murg, 22 m. N. E. Strasburg. Pop. 1,200. Kur, (an. Cyrus,} r. Georgia, in Asia. It rises on the borders of Armenia, and flows N. for 50 or 60 miles, when it turns to the S. W. and flows by several mouths into the Caspian. Kurczahan, r. Russia, in Podolia, which falls into the Dneister, below Bender. Kurda, t. Hind, in Gujerat, 3 m. S. Theraud. Kurdistan, country, Asia, lying partly in Arme- nia and partly in Persia. Pop. 100,000. The in- habitants live chiefly on plunder, and are not sub- ject either to Turks or Persians. Kurenk, r. Mekran, in Persia, which runs into the Indian sea, 30 m. W. Tiiz. Kurgan, r. Korassan, in Persia, which runs into the Caspian sea, W. of Astrabat. Kurgomah, t. Hind, in Gundwana. Lon. 82 25' E. Lat. 23 1 1' N. Kunat, s-p. Ommon, in Arabia, 20 m. S. E. Muscat. Kuriles, a long range of small islands, at the E. extremity of Asia, extending from the S. point of Kamschatka to the isle of Jesso. The whole length is nearly 900 miles. Some of these islands are not inhabited, and several are uninhabitable for want of water. Most of these islands are sub- ject to Russia, and the inhabitants pay a tribute of furs and sea calves, which the Russians collect every two or three years. The three most south- erly belong to Japan. The entire population of the archipelago has been estimated at 1,400. It extends from lat 42 to 51 N. Kurmyidi, t. Eu. Russia, in Simbirsk, on the Sura. Pop. 1,200. Lon 46 E. Lat. 55 28' N. Kurnik, t. Prussian Poland, 12 m. S. E. Poseu. Pop. 1,350. LAB Karrabagh, t. Cabul. Lon. 675T E. Lat. 33 28' N. Kursk, government of Eu. Russia, lying be- tween 35 and 39 E. Ion. and 50' 30' and 52 30' N. lat. bounded by the governments of Orel, Vor- onez, Slobodsk, Ukraine, and Czernigov. Extent, 15,000 sq. miles. It is flat and fertile. The soil is in many parts a black mould. Corn is the chief product and article of export ; next come hemp, tobacco, honey, and saltpetre. Pop. about 1,200,000. Kursh, t. Russia, on the river Tuskara, cap. of the preceding province, 240 m. S. Moscow, 544 S. S. E. Petersburgh. Lon. 36 27' E. Lat. 5 143' N. Pop. 16,000. Kvrtovriany, t. Russia, in Wilna, 16 m. E. N. E. iVlieJniki. Kusmo-demiansk, t. Eu. Russia, in Kasan, on the Wolga, 112 m. N. VV. Kasan. Lon. 46 25' W. Lat. 56 ^0 N. Pop. 2,500. Kusnezk. t. Eu. Russia, in Saratov, 71 m. E. Penza, 1 lii N Saratov Pop. 4.500 Kvssnarht, t. Swilx. in Schweitz, on Waldstadt- er lake, 6 m. N. E. Lucerne. Kussnacht, v. Switz. on the lake of Zurich, 9 m. S. Zurich. Pop. 1,700. Kutno, t. Poland, 54 m. W. Warsaw. Pop. 2,550. Knf fa flunk. See Buzzard's Bay. Kul'air, or Kattaher. See Rohilcund. Kuttenberg, or Kutna Hora, t. Bohemia, 40 m. E. by S. Prague. Pop. 6,300. Its silver mines, formerly very productive, are now overflowed with water. Kuttlau, t Prussia, in Silesia, 6 m. N. N. W. Gros Gloaau. Pop. 1,400. Kuttore, fort, India, in Cafiristan. % Kutlubdea, isl. in the bay of Bengal, separated from the main by a strait 2 miles broad. Lon. of the N. end, 91 48 E. Lat. 21 55' N. LAB 389 Kutusofj cape, Asia, in the straits of Sangaar. Lon 1 39 46' E. Lat. 42 48' N. Kuty, t. Austrian Poland, in Galicia, on the Czeremosz, 61 m. S. S. E. Halicz. Pop. 4,000. Kwvnik, t. Prussian Poland, 12 m. S. S. E. Po- sen. Pop. 1,300. Kuynder, s-p. Friesland, on the river Kuynder, near its influx into the Zuyder Zee. Lon. 5 32' E. Lat. 52 41' N. Kustnhausen, v. France, 9 m. N. Strasburg. Pop 1,100. Kyla, t. Sweden, in West Gothland, 23 m. S. W. Carlstadt. Kyiburg, t. Prussian province of the Lower Rhine, on the Kyll, 30m. N. N. E. Luxemburg. Kyll, r. Germany, which falls into the Moselle, 5 m. below Treves. Kyll, Point, cape, on the W. coast of Celebes. Lon. H9E. Lat. 2 30' S Kymmenegard, extensive province of Finland, belonging to Russia. Pop. 1 15,000. Kyvi, small isl. of the Baltic, on the coast of Russia, 40 m. N. by E. Riga. Kyndee, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 85 5' E. Lat. 24 15' N. Kyragur, t. Hind, in Gundwanah. Lon. 81 32' E. Lat 21 27 N. Kyranly, t. Bengal, in Couch Bahar. Lon. 88 50' E. Lat 26 45'N. Kyraut, district, Hind, between 27 and 28 N. lat. bounded N. by the Himaleh mountains, E. by Bootan, S. by Morung, and W. by Nepaul. The Teesta is its principal river, and its chief town, Damsong. Kyreegur,t. Hind, in Oude. Lon. 80 51' E. Lat, 28 18' N. Kyritz, t. Prussian states, in Brandenburg, 46 m. N. W. Berlin. Lon. 12 20 E. Lat. 52 26' N. Pop. 2,000. L. L'AiGLE. See Aiglt, V . Laa, or Laab, t. Lower Austria, on the Theya, 39 m. N. Vienna. Pop. 1,300. Laach on the Jauerling, t. Lower Austria, near the Danube, 10 m. W. S W. Stein. Laaland. See Laland. Laaral, isl. in the Eastern seas, at the N. E. ex- tremity of Timorlaut. Laa*, or Losch, t. Austrian Illrria, 23 m. E. N. E. Trieste. Laasphe, t. Prussian states, 75 m. E. Cologne. Lon. 8 30' E. Lat. 50 5? N. Pop. 1,300. Lnhudia, t. Austrian Italy, on the Adige, 17 m. N. Rovigo. I.nbbock Bay, on the N. E. coast of the island of Borneo. Lon. 1 17 55' E. Lat. 6 2' N. Labeesh, r. U. States, which receives the wa- ters of a lake of the same name and flows into Cas- sina lake. A little distance from the lake are the head waters of Red river which flows into Hud- son bay. Labenttein. See Lobenslein. Laber, r. Bavaria, which falls into the Danube, at Sinzig, above Ratisbon. Labes, t. Prussia, in Pomerania, 35 m. N. E. Stargard. Lon. 15 39' E. Lat. 53 39' N. Labiau, t. E. Prussia, 24 m. E. N. E. Konigs- berg. Lon 21 6'E. Lat. 54 51' N. Pop. 2,500. Labischin, t. Prussian Poland, on an island, in the river Netz,37 m. N. Gnesna. Pop. 2,000. Labo, t. on the W. coast of Sumatra. Lat. 3* 20' N. Labon, t. on the W. coast of Sumatra, celebra- ted for gold dust and camphor ; 156 m. S. S. E. Acheen. Lon. 96 40' E. Lat 3 10' N. Labooan, isl. in the Eastern seas, on the N. W. coast of Borneo. Lon 115 E. Lat. 5 20' N. Labrador, country, N. America, between 50 9 and 60 N. lat. bounded S. by Canada and the gulf of St. Lawrence, E. by the Atlantic ocean, N. by Hudson's straits, and W. by Hudson's bay! The whole of this vast tract of country is of the most barren and dreary aspect, the surface moun- tainous, and of a poor soil, covered only with 390 LAC coarse plants, adapted to the nourishment of deer and other wild animals. The inhabitants on the coast are the Eskimaux Indians. They are of small stature, and in their language, person.-, ;.;id re, bear a near resemblance to the Green- landfTs. Their food consists chiefly of the flesh of rein-deer, and fish, and their dress is made entirely of skins. Three settlements have been formed in this desolate country by the Moravian missionaries ; who, since the year 1764, have been labouring to promote the conversion of the inhab- itants to the Christian religion, and to train them to habits of civilization. The name of the settle- ments are Nain, OKkak, and Hopedale, and a new settlement at Kangertluksoak, it was expected would be formed in the course of the year 1821. The three settlements contain about 600 inhabit- ants. Labun, t. Eu. Russia, in Volhynia. Pop. 3,200. Labi/, t. \V. Africa, in the kingdom of Foota Jallo, 1-2 in. \ W. Teemboo. Pop. about 5,000. Lacadie, t. L. Canada, 53 m. N. Plattsburg, N.Y. Lac au Sable, lake, N. W. Territory, on the route between Lake Superior and the Mississippi, 00 m. above the mouth of St Peter's river. Un- til 1816', the principal station of the British N. W. Fur company was on this lake. The station is now occupied by the American S.W. company. Lacadires, an archipelago of low islands, lying off the W. coast of India, between 8 and 13 N. hit. Most ot them are inhabited by a race of Ma- hometans called Moplays. They produce cocoa nuts in abundance. Lac des deux Montagnes, seigniory, York co. Lower Canada, on the N. side of Ottawa river, 25 m. W. Montreal. Here is an Indian village of about 60 houses, with a church and priest. Lacedcemon. See Misitra. Lacrpedes Islands, a group of small islands, on ,he N. W. coast of New Holland. Lon. 1 17 8' E. Lat. 16 43' S. Lacken, v Bavarian circle of the Rhine, 3 m. S. E. Neustadt. Pop. 1,000. Lachenaye, seigniory, Leinster co. Lower Can- ada, on the river St. Jean, 13m. N. Montreal. Lachevrotiere, seigniory, Hampshire co. Lower Canada, on the N. side of the St. Lawrence, 38 m. W. Quebec. Lachford, t. Eng. in Chester co. l m. S. E. Warrington. Pop. 944. Lachine, v. on Montreal island, Lower Canada, 7 m. above the city of Montreal. The rapid of St. Louis prevents vessels ascending from Montreal, so that all the commerce with the N. W. country centres at Lachine. It is intended to connect La- chine with Montreal by a canal, and the sum of 25,000 has been lately voted by the provincial parliament for the commencement of this work. Lacklan, large r. New Holland, W. of the Blue mountains, which flows VV. and empties itself, as is supposed, into a large inland sea. Lachsa, Lalim, or / ////>/ r, a division of Ar;ibi;i, extending along the S. W. coast of liv I gulf, from its entrance at Cape Mussendoom, and to a considerable distance inland. 'I IK fertile and well peopled, abound in:: m d:itr>s, rice, and cotton; but a great part of UK- interior <-on- sists of sandy plains. This country was formerly subject to Turkey, but the natives have now en- tirely shaken off the yoke. Lachsa, t. Arabia, cap. of the above pi < and residence of the ?cheik. Lon. 48 34' E. Lat. 2656'N. LAG Lack, t. Mifflin co. Pa. Pop. 1 ,5 1 1 . Li. It leaves the main stream at Don;H:-oi), about 90 mile- above New Orleans, and dividing into two channels, enters the gulf of Mexico in Timballier bay. Its length is about 45 miles. Lafimrche, co. Louisiana, on the river La- fuiirrlK-. ai its mouth. Pop. 3,755. Slaves 968. ! in agriculture 2,325, in commerce 55, in ;,- turfs 61. JidtiHirchr* p-t. Arcadia co. Louisiana, 75 in. N. W. New-Orleans. Lagau, or Lagoic, t. Prussia, in the New Mark of Brandenburg. Lon. 15 26' E. Lat. 52 28' N. L A H Lage, t. Germany, in the grand dutchy of Meck- lenburg-Schwerin, 9 m. S.W. Rostock. Lagedo, cape, Africa, in West Soudan. Lon. 15 9' W. Lat. 24 N. Lagida, r. Cuba, which runs into the aea at the Havannah. Lagnien, t. France, 22 m. N. E. Lyons. Lngny, t. France, 15 m. E. N. E. Paris. Lago. r. W. Africa, which falls into the bay of Sierra Leone. Lagoa, r. E. Africa, which falls into the Indian sea, in lat. 33 10' S. Lagoa de Patos, bay on the coast of Brazil. Lat. -29" *V S. Lagoa de Pescara, bay on the coast of Brazil. Lat. 21 30' S. Logo Maggiore, lake, Upper Italy, 30 miles long and 7 or 8 broad, separating the government of Milan from the states of Sardinia. In this lake are the Borromei islands. Lago Negro, or Lugo Aero. t. Naples, in the Ba- silicata, at the foot of the AppSnnines, 12 m. E. Policastro. Pop. 5,000. Lagoon. There are three gulfs of this name on the coast of Yucatan, in the bay of Honduras, be- tween lat 18 40' and iT 54' N. Lagoon Island, in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 139 28' W. Lat. 1847'N. Lagos, s-p. Portugal, 134 m. S. Lisbon. Lon. 8 49' 3" W. Lat. 37 60' N. Pop. 4,000. Lagos, t Mexico, in Guadalaxara, 60 m. N. E. Guadalaxara. Lon. 101 32' W. Lat 21 27' N. Lagos, r. and bay, W. Africa, forming the E. boundary of the Slave coast. Lon. 3 30' E. Lat. 6 20' N. Lago Salso, or Lago di Salpi, lake in the king- dom of Naples, near the coast of the Capitamita, 12 m. S. Manfredonia. Lago Santo, t. Italy, in the Ecclesiastical state, 5 m. N. by W. Comachio. Laguaira. See Guaira. Laguna, or Si. Cristobal de la Laguna, the cap- ital of Teneriffe, the 'principal of the Canara isl- ands. It is beautifully situated on a basaltic hill, elevated nearly 2,000 feet above the level of the sea. Lon. 16 20' W. Lat. 28 28' N. Pop. 9,000. Lahar, t. Hind, in Agra. Lon. 78 59' E. Lat. 26 13' N. Lalidack, t. and cap. of a district of the same name, on the N. boundary of Hind. Lon. 78 10' E. Lat. 35 N. Lahijian, t. Ghilan, in Persia, 8 m. E. Reshd. Lahmediah, v. Lower Egypt, on the E. branch of the Nile, 14m. S. S. W. Damietta. La fin, or Lttm, t. Silesia, on the Bober. Pop. 900. Latin, r. Germany, which passing by Marburg, Giesseri, Wetzlar, and Nassau, joins the Rhine near Upper Lahnstein. /.ufifiberg, t. Germany, in the dutchy of Nassau, on the Lahn, 2 m. Weilburg. iLofoufetn, t. Germany, in the dutchy of Nassau, on the Rhine, 4 m. E. Coblentz. Pop. 1,200. LaJiolm, or Lagcholm, s-p. Sweden, 30 m. N. Helsingborg. Lon. 13 1' E. Lat. 56 2% N. Pop. 8 >0. Lnhnrf, province, Hind, between 30 and 34 N. lat. 320 miles long, by 220 broad. This prov- ince, from its advantageous situation, and being watered by numerous rivers, ought, under a good governnifu*. t-j ho the garden of India; but boiug pMMsaed by a number of petty Seik and other L A M 391 chiefs, it is one of the least populous and worst cultivated districts. Lahore, the capital of the above province, and several times the capital of Hindostan, is on the S. E. bank of the river Ravey. The great Moguls expended considerable sums on palaces and gar- dens, &c. Of this grandeur little now remains. Lon. 73 48' E. Lat. 31 50' N. Lahory, t Nepaul, on Sursutty river. Lon. 84 C 55' E. Lat. 27 42' N. Lahou, s-p. on the Ivory coast of Africa. Lon. 5 5' W. Lat. 520'N. Lahr, t. Germany, in Baden. The inhabitants carry on with spirit, manufactures of woollens, linens, cottons, tobacco, and leather; 18 m. S. S. E. Strasburg, 23 N. Freyburg. Lon. 7 57' E. Lat. 48 21' N. Pop. 4,400. Laibeedy, v. Tunis, 18 m. S. E. El Jemme. Laignes, t. France, in Cote d'Or, 9 m. W. S. W. Chatillon-sur-Seme. Pop. 1,600. Latszer, t. Eu. Russia, in Kasan, on the river Kama, 40 m. S. by E. Kasan. Lon. 49 14' E. Lat. 55 20' N. Lai-tcheou-fou, city, China, in Shangtnng, on the S. coast of the gulf of Pe-tche-lee. Lon. 114" 46' E. Lat 37 9' N. Laithafalu, t. Hungary, 11 m. S. S. W. Pres- burg. Lake, t. Logan co. Ohio. Pop. 470. Lake, t. Stark co. Ohio. Pop. 588. Lake, t. Wayne co. Ohio. Pop. 311. Lake Maskinonge, seigniory, St. Maurice co. Lower Canada, 36 m. N. W. Three-Rivers. Lake of the Woods, lake, N. America, between Lake Superior and Lake Winnipec. Lon. of the N. W. end, 94'31' W. Lat. 49 37' N. It is full of islands, is about 70 miles long and 40 broad, and communicates through Winnipec river with Lake Winnipec. Lake Pleasant, t. Hamilton co. N. Y. Pop. 312. Lake River, N. America, which falls into the Mississippi. Lon. 95 W. Lat. 46 30' N. Lake River, Little, r. N. America, which run? into the Mississippi. Lon. 94 23' W. Lat. 45 36' N. Laken, v. Germany, near Brussels. There is a splendid palace of the king of the Netherlands in the neighbourhood. Pop. 1,200. Laland, isl. Denmark, at the entrance of the Baltic, near the coast of Zealand, 60 m. long, and 14 broad. Extent, 660 square miles. Pop. 34,000. It is the most fertile spot in Denmark, and pro- duces corn, peas, and all kinds of grain in abun- dance. Lalang, isl. near the N. coast of Sumatra, in the straits of Malacca. Lon. 99 20' E. Lat. 1' 45' N. Lalxk, t. Eu. Russia, in Vologda. It has a brisk trade with Siberia, Moscow, and Archangel. Pop. 1,200. Lon. 47 14' E. Lat. 60 50' N. Lamalmon, a lofty mountain of Abyssinia, on the road from Massuah to Gondar. Lamar, t. Centre co. Pa. Pop. 858. Lamarche, r. Illinois, which runs into Illinois river from the N. W. La Martiniere, fief, Hertford co. Lower Cana- da, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 6 m. E. Quebec. Larnale, t. Austrian Italy, 5 m. N. W. Milan. Lamay, isl. in the Eastern sea?, 3 or 4 leagues from Formosa. Lat. 22 2^ N. 392 L A M LA* Lamb Head, cape on the S. E. coast oi the isl- and of Stronsa, one of the Orkneys. Lon. "2" 25' \V. Lat. 58 67' N. Lamb's Head, cape, Ireland, in Kerry co. Lon. 10 1' W. Lat. 51 42' N. Lambach, t. Austria, on the Traun, 11 m. N. N. E. Vocklabruck. Pop. 3,000. Lambale, v. W. Africa, on the Senegal, 75 m, S. E. Goumel. Lamballc, t. France, in Cotes-du-Nord, on the Conessan, 42m. N. W. Rennes. Pop 3,800. Lambay, isl. in the Irish s^a, near the VV. coast of Ireland. Lon. 6 W. Lat. 53 30' N. Lambayeque, t. Peru, 95 m. W. N. W. Truxillo, Pop. 8,000. Lambesc, t. France in Mouths-of-the-Rhone, 12 m. N. VV. Aix. Pop. 3,650. Lambese. See Ttzzoute. Lanibtth,v. Eng. forming the W. extremity of that portion of London which lies S. of the Thames, and is now united to the town by a continued range of buildings. The chief public building is Lambeth palace, the residence of the archbishop of Canterbury. It contains a library of about 25,000 volumes, besides upwards of 1,200 manu- scripts. Lambeth contains numerous manufacto- ries. Pop. 41,644. Lambro, r. Italy, which falls into the Po below Placentia. Lambsheim, t Bavarian circle of the Rhine, on the Hart, 8 m. W. Manheim. Lamego, t. Portugal, in Beira, on the Balsamo, a tributary of the Douro. It is a bishop's see. 46 m. E. Oporto. Pop. 6,600. Lamesley, t. Eng. in Durham, 3m. S. Gateshead. Pop. 2,054. Lamine, t. Cooper co. Missouri. Lamington, parish, Scotland, in Lanarkshire. Pop. 365. Lamisa, t. Asia, in Georgia, 60 m. W. Teflis. Lamlash, an excellent harbor, Scotland, on the S. E. side of the island of Arran. Lat. 55 33' N. Lamlem. See Melli. Lamoil, r. Vt. which rises S. of bake Memphra- magog, and running W. falls into Lake Champlain, in Colchester, 5 m. N. of the mouth of Onion river, 10 m. N. Burlington. Lamona, or Amona, r. Italy, which rises in the Appennines, and flowing N. E. falls into the gulf of V enice. Lamotle, lead mine, Missouri, a few miles N. of St. Michael's. Lampa, t. Peru, and cap. of a district of the same name, 90 m. S. Cuzco. Lon. 91 44' W. Lat. 14 55 S. Lampcdosa, uninhabited isl. in the Mediterrane- an, 21 m. in circumference. It has an excellent harbour. 130 m. S. Sicily, 70 W. S. W. Malta, 6 1 from the coast of Barbary. Lon. 12 24' E. Lat. 35 40' N. Lampertheim, v. Germany, in Hesse-Darmstadt. 9 m. S. E. Worms. Lampeler, t. Cardiganshire, Wales. A college for the education of indigent students of the Es- tablished Church is about to be erected here, and j15,000 have been collected for the pur] Lampeler, t. Lancaster co. Pa. Pop. 3,278. Lampong, a district in the S. extremity of the island of Sumatra. The Dutch claim the domin- ion of the country. The bay of Lampong is wide and deep, and affords a good anchorage. Lamprey, r. Rockingham co. N. H. which falls into Great bay, at Durham. Lumsaki, t. A. Turkey, in Anatoli.' for its wine. Lon. 26 44' E. Lat. 40' 20' N. Lamuza, t. Asia Minor, 21 m. W. Tarsus. Lanarkshire, or Lanerkshire, sometimes r;illc..T Clydesdale., a county of Scotland, bounded N'. and .N. \Y. by Renfrew, Dumbarton, and Stirling; \ E. by Linlithgow and Edinburgh; E. by Peeble- shire; S. by Dumfries-shire; arid S. W. by Ayr- shire. Extent, 870 square miles, or 556,800 acres. Lanarkshire has long been celebrated for its min- erals, particularly coal. It is calculated that the coal stretches through this county in one solid mass, over nearly 110 square miles, or 55,000 acres, and that its average thickness cannot be less than five yards, and the quantity of coal pro- duced annually amounts to about 760,000 tons. There are about 18,000 bars of lead smelted annu- ally, each weighing 9 stones. But this county is chiefly distinguished by its rapid progress in com- merce and manufactures, in which it is decidedly pre-eminent over all the other counties of Scot- land. Among the manufactures are yarn, which is spun in immense quantities, in different parts of the county, the cotton and muslin manufactures, the printing of calicoes, the dying of Turkey red, and the preparation of various dyes. Glass and crystal manufactures are also carried on to a great extent. There are three royal burghs, Lanark, the city of Glasgow, and the town of Rutherglen. Pop. in 1811, 192,726. Lanark, a royal burgh, Scotland, and cap. of Lanarkshire, on a slope of rising ground, within half a mile of the Clyde. Cotton, the great sta- ple of the county, is the chief manufacture. The falls of the Clyde in the vicinity, have been visit- ed from all quarters by the lovers of the pictur- esque. Pop. of the burgh about 3,000, the parish 6.964. 25 m. S. E. Glasgow, 30 W. Edinburgh. Lon. 3 5' W. Lat. 55 34' N. Lunawan, one of the smaller Sooloo islands, in the E. Indian sea. Lon. 12 23' E. Lat. 6 15' N. Lancashire^ a maritime co. Eng. on the N. W. coast. It includes part of the great coal fields of the north of England ; and with these natural ad- vantages for trade and manufactures, it has grad- ually risen to be one of the greatest manufacturing counties in the kingdom, containing Manchester, the centre of the cotton manufactures, and Liver- pool, the emporium of the west. It is bounded W. by the Irish sea, E. by Yorkshire, S. by Cheshire, N. by Westmoreland and Cumberland. Extent, 1,800 square miles, or 12,000,000 acres, with 450 inhabitants to each mile. The manufactures are chiefly those of cotton, in all its branches; also of silk, woollen, and linen, hats, stockings, pins, nee- dles, nails, watch tools and movements, tobacco and snuff, earthen ware, porcelain, paper, &c. Manchester is the principal seat of the cotton man- ufacture. From thence it spreads on all sides ; to the south and east into Cheshire and Yorkshire ; but especially to the north and west, over the greatest part of Lancashire, extending from Fur- ness to Derby on the one hand, and from Liverpool to Halifax on the other. The population has in- )( ;,-<.! with ^iciit rapidity. In 1700, it was 166,200; in 1750,297,400; in 1801, 695,100; and in I !!1 1,828,309, of whom 23,305 families were employed in agriculture, 1 14,522 in manufactures, and 24,072 otherwise. Lancaster, t. Eng. and cap. of Lancashire, on the Lurie or Loyne. Of the public buildings, the castle is the most important. It is now occupied as a prison, and is one of the completes! establish- -LAN ments of this kind in the kingdom, and is capable of containing 5,000 men within the walls. About a mile N. E. of the town, is the great aqueduct bridge, by which the Lancaster canal is carried over the Lune. It is justly considered the most magnificent structure of the kind in the kingdom. By means of the canal its inland communications are extensive, reaching into Westmoreland, York- shire, Cheshire, Staffordshire, &c. But its com- munication with the sea is greatly obstructed by shoals in the river Lune. i he trade of Lancaster is principally to America and the West Indies. In 1800 the rcg^tered shipping consisted of 140 ships, 19,094 tons burden, and navigated by 1,9*26 men. The town has been long famous for its cabinet- making. Pop. in 1811, 9,247. 54 m. N.W. Man- che^ter, 53 N. by E. Liverpool, 240 N.W. London. Lou. 2 47' W. Lat. 543'N. Lancaster* t. Glengary co. Up. Canada, on the St. Lawrence. Lancaster, p-t. and cap. Coos co. N. H. on Con- necticut river, at the mouth of Israel's creek, on which several mills are erected. The village is built on both sides ofthe ereeis, about a mile from th'^ river, and contain? a court-house, jail,andCon- gre,at>onal church. 40 miles above Dartmouth collie, in N. W. Portsmouth. Pop. 844. Lancaster, p-t.Worcesterco. Mass, on a branch of Nashua river, 14 m. N. E. Worcester, 36 W. N.W. Boston. Pop. 1,862. Here is a valuable quarry f=late. Lancaster is a good agricultural town, and has an extensive cotton factory. Lancaster, formerly Nciv Berlin, p-t. Chenango co. N T . Y. 7 m. E. Norwich, 90 W. Albany. Pop. 2,366. Lancaster, co. Pa. on the E. side of the Susque- hannah. bordering on Maryland. Pop. 68,336. Engaged in agriculture 6.786, in commerce 252, in manufactures 5,185. Lancaster, p-t. and cap. Lancaster co. Penn. is pleasantly situated on the side of a hill, 1^ m. W. of Conestoga creek, which falls into Susquehan- nah river, 9 m. S. W. ofthe town. Lancaster is 35 m. K. S. E. Harrisburg, 22 E. N. E York, 62 W. Philadelphia. Lat. 40 3' N. Lon. 76 20' W. It contains a court-house, market-house, jail, and 8 houses of public worship, for German Luthe- rans, German Calvinists, Presbyterians, Episco- palians, Roman Catholics, Moravians, Friends, and Methodists. Many of the inhabitants are of German origin, and speak the German language. There are 6 newspapers published in the town, 3 of which are in German. The surrounding coun- try is fertile and highly cultivated. The town contains numerous manufactories, and carries on considerable trade. Franklin college was estab- lished in this place in 1787, for the Germans, but the building is now occupied for schools. Pop. 7,363. Lancaster, co. Va. on the western shore of Ches- apeake bay, bounded S. by the Rappahannock. 108 m. N. Norfolk. Pop. 5,5 17 Slaves 2,944. Engaged in agriculture 1,567, in commerce 77, in manufactures 163. At the court-house is a post- office. Lancaster, district, S. C. Pop. 8,7 16. Slaves 2,798. Engaged in agriculture 2,9(7, in com- merce 28, in manufactures 100. At the court- house is a post-office. Lancaster, p-t. and cap. Garrard co. Ken. 29 m. S. Lexington. Pop. in 1810, i60. Lancaster, p-t. and cap. Fairfield co. Ohio, 28 m. S. E. Columbus, 34 N. E. Chillicothe. Itcon- 50 LAN 393 tains a court-house and jail, a bank, 2 printing-of- fices and a Methodist church. Pop. 1,037. Lon. 82 37' W. Lat. 39 45' N. Lancaster Sound, on the W. side of Baffin's bay, in lat. 74 N. It is about 20 miles broad at its mouth, widening as you proceed to the west. At the distance of 80 miles from its mouth, it is 40 or 50 miles wide. In the summer of 1819, the expe- dition under Lieut. Parry, succeeded in passing through this Sound, and as far as Lou. 110 47' W. Lat. 74 47' N. Lancary, or Lancahuy, isl. in the Eastern seas. Lon. 99 40' E. Lat. 6 19' N. Lancayan, isl. in the Eastern seas, near the N. coast of Borneo. Lon. 118 9' E. Lat. 6 25' N. Lance Point, the S. point of Newfoundland, at the S. W. extremity of St. Mary's bay. Lancebearers, Island of, small isl. in the Pacific. Lon. 138 10' W. Lat. 18" 28' S. Lancerota, isl. one oi the group ofthe Canaries, 30 miles long and 8 broad. Pop. 10,000. Lanchesler, t. Eng. in Durham, 7 m. N W. Dur- ham. Pop. 834. Lanciano, t. Naples, about 4 m. from the Adriat- ic, in Abruzzo Citra, 85 m. E. N. E. Rome, 84 N. Naples. Lon. 14 20' E. Lat. 42 12' N. hop. 9,000. Lancnt, or Landthut, t. Austrian States, in Ga- licia, 72 m. W. Lemberg. Landa, t. Borneo, on the river Pontiana. Landaff, or Llandaff, city, Wales, in Glamor- ganshire, on the Taf. Though the seat of a bishop's see, it is a mere village. The cathedral, however, is still an object of great interest, and its venerable ruins the study ofthe architect and antiquary. 2 m. N. W.Cardiff, 30 W. Bristol, 162 W. London. Lon. 3 13' W. Lat. 51' 29' N. Pop. 504. Landaff, t. Grafton co. N. H. 9m. E. Connecti- cut river, 62 N, Concord Pop. 769. Landau, a strong town of the Bavarian circle of the Rhine, in a beautiful valley, near the Queich. It was retained by the French at the first treaty of Paris in 1814, but ceded the following year, and is now garrisoned by troops of the. German con- federation. 56 m. N. N. E. Strasburg, 347 N. E. Paris. Lon. 8 7' E. Lat. 49 12' N. Pop. 4,250. Landau, t. Bavaria, on the Iser. Pop. 1,250. Lon. 12 37' E. Lat. 48 36' N. Landeck. t. Prussia, in Silesia, county of Glatz, on the Biela, 27 m. S. W. Neisse. Pop. 1,100 Landelles, t. France, in Calvados, 28 m. S. W. Caen Pop. 1,400. Landen, t. Netherlands, in South Brabant, 19 m. S. E. Louvain. . Landemau, s-p. France, in Finisterre, 23 m. N. E. Brest. Lon. 4 19' W. Lat. 48 25' N. Pop. 4,000. Landeron, t. Switzerland, 7 m. N. E. Neufcha- tel. Landes, department in the S. W.' of France, bounded W. by the Atlantic, and on its other sides by the departments of the Girond, the Lot-and Garonne, the Gers, and the Lower Pyrenees. Extent, 3,700 square miles. Pop 240,000 It is one of the most barren departments of the king- dom, n-arly t^ree-fourths of it consisting of heaths. Landes, small isl. on the N. W. Coast of France, E. of St. > T aloes. Land;rove, t. Bpnnington co. Vt. 33 m. N. E. Bennington. Pop. 314. Landguard. See Point aux Pins. Landisburg, p-v. Cumberland ce. Pa. 394 LAN LAN Landi-riziau, t. France, in Finisterre, 10m. N. N. W. Morlaix. Pop. '2,100. La-ruliry, t. France, in Mayenne, 23 m. N. W. Mayenne. Pop. J,900. Lamlrecy, t. France, dep. of the North, on the Sambre. It is one of the barrier fortresses which wa? occupied by the allied troops, after the second peace of Paris. Pop. 2,900. 30m. S. E. Douay. Lon. 3 42* E. Lat. 50 22' N. Lanrlroal. 0. t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 5 m. S. Villa V;cosa. Landsberg, t. E. Prussia. Pop. 1,300. Lon. 20 30' E. Lat. 54 14' N. Landsberg, t. Bavaria, on the Lech, 32 m. W. by N. Munich. Lon. 10 51' E. Lat. 48 N. Pop. 2,600 Landsberg, (on the WarthaJ t. Prussia, in Brandenburg. 24 m. E. N. E. Custrin, 74 E. Ber- lin. Lon. 15 20' E. Lat. 52 48' N. Pop. 7,000. Landsberg, Old, t. Prussia, in Brandenburg, 14 m. E. N. E.^Berlin. Lon. 13 48' E. Lat. 52 35' N. Pop. 1,300. Landscron, t. Bohemia. Lon. 16 21' E. Lat. 49 50 N. Pop. 2,700. Lnndscrona, s-p. Sweden, in Schonen, with a citadel and a safe harbour. 14 m, S. Helsing- borg. Lon. 12 46' E. Lat. 55 52' N. Pop. 3,800. Landsee, t. Hungary, in Oedenburg. Lon. 18 17'45"E. Lat. 48 12' 8" N. Landsele, small isl. in the E. Indian sea, near the N. coast of the Greater Andaman. Lon. 93 7' E. Lat. 13 38' N. Land's- End, in Cornwall, the W. extremity of England. It is 6 or 7 leagues W. N. W. of the Lizzard Point, 290^ m. from London. Lon. 5 45' W. Lat. 50 6' N. Landsford, p-v. Chester district, S. C. Landshut, t. Bavaria, on the Iser. The uni- versity of Ingoldstadt was removed to Landshut in the year 1800 ; and having been re-organised, and richly endowed by the present king, received the name of the " university of Louis Maximilian." There are 34 ordinary professors, 4 extraordinary, and about 600 students. The revenue of the uni- versity is derived, in a great measure, from the funds of the suppressed monasteries ; it averages about 9,000/. sterling a year. 32 m. N. E. Munich, 36 S. E. Ingolstadt. Lon. 12 6' E. Lat. 48 30' N. Pop. 9,000. Landshut, t. Prussia, in Silesia, on the Bober, 20 m. W. S. W. Schweidnitz. Lon. 15 55' E. Lat. 50 30' N. Pop. 3,000. Landshut, t. Moravia, on the Theya, 40 m. S. S. E. Brunn. Pop 1,500. Lane, r. Ireland, in Kerry, which runs from Lough Lane into Castlemain bay. Lanebourg, t. Sardinian states, in Savoy, 20 m. N. N. W. Susa. Pop. 600. Lane End, t. Eng. in Stafford, 4 m. E. by S. Neweastle-under-Lyne. Pop. 4,930. Lanepax, t. France, in Gers, 1 1 in. S. S. W. Condon. Pop. 1,200. Lanesbnrough, t. Ireland, in Longford, on the Shannon, 62 m. W. N. W. Dublin.. Lon. 7 55' ... Lanesborough, p-t. Berkshire co. Mass. 5 m. from Pittsfield, 14 N. Lenox. Here are valuable marble quarries. Pop. 1,319. Langara, Isle de, isl. in the Pacific ocean, about 5 m. N. of Queen Charlotte's island. Lou. 226 59' E. Lat. 54 20' N. Ltmgarron, t. Eng. in Hereford, 5 m. from Ross. Pop. 796. Langtut, t. France, in Cotes-du-Nord, 17 m. S. St. Brieux. Pop. 1,250. Langdon, r. ring, in Durham, which falls into the Tees below Teesdale forest. Langdon, t. Cheshire co. N. H. on Connecticut river, 40 m. W. Concord. Pop. 654. Langeac, t. France, in Upper Loire, on the Al- lier, 12 m. S. Brioude. Pop 1,800. Langeais, t. France, in Indre-and Loire, on the Loire, 12 in. W. Tours. Pop. 2,250. iMngeland, isl. Denmark, in the Baltic, lying between Zealand, Laland, and Funen. Rudki- oping is the capital. Lon. 10 50' E. Lat. 55 N. Pop.' 11, 200. Langelsheim, t. Germany, in the dutchy of Brunswick, 6 m. N. W. Goslar. Pop. 1,300. Langen, t. Germany, 6 m. N. Darmstadt. Pop. 1,500. Langenau, Upper and Lower, 2 villages, Prus- sia, in Silesia, 11 m. S. Glatz. Pop. 1,200. Langenau, t. Germany, in Wirtemberg, 10 m. N. N. E. Ulm. Pop. 3,600. Langenbcrg, t. Prussian province of Cleves-and- Berg, 15 m. N. E. Dusseldorf. Pop. 1,600. Langenbruckcn, t. Baden, 4 m. N. E. Bruchsal. Pop. 1,100. Langenburg, t. Wirtemberg, on the Jaxt, 32 m. W. Anspach. Pop. 900. Langendorf, v. Hanover, on the Elbe, 42 m. E. S. E. Luueberg. Langenfeld, t. Lower Austria, 4 m. N. W. Crems. Pop. 1,200. Langenhorn, v. Denmark, in Sleswick, 12 m. from Husum. Langen-kandel, t. Bavarian circle of the Rhine, 9 m. S. S. E. Landau. Pop. 2,400. Langenhis, t. Lower Austria, 4 m. N. Crems; Pop 2,000. Langensalza, t. Prussian Saxony, the chief place of Thuringia, on the Salza, which river falls into theUnstrut a little below. 14 m. W. Erfurt. Lon. 10 38' E. Lat. 51 7' N. Pop. 5,400. Langenthal,t. Swiss canton of Berne, 18m. N. E. Berne. Lon. 7 33' E. Lat. 47 12' N. Pop. 1,800. Langcnzenn, t. Bavaria, on the river Zenn, IT m. N. N. E. Anspach. Pop. 900. Langer-aar, v. Netherlands, 8 m. E. Leyden, Pop. 1,000. Langer-ong, isl. subject to Hanover, on the N. W. coast of Germany. Lon. 7 35' 41" E. Lat. 53* 44' 59" N. Langesund, a-p. Norway, 50 m. S. S. W. Christiania. Langjield, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, near Halifax. Pop. 1,515. Langfurt, t. W. Prussia, on the Radaune, 2 m. from Dantzic. Pop. 1,250. Langholm, t. Scotland, in Dumfries-shire, on the Esk. Pop. 1,800. Langhorn" s tavern, p-v. Cumberland co. Va. Langle^s Bay, bay, on the W. coast of Sa-ha- lien. Lat. 47' 49' N. Langtfs Peak, mt. on the N. coast of the island of JCFSO, 7,000 feet above the level of the sea. Lon. 142" 20' E. Lat. 45 25' N. Langoe, isl. in the North sea, 46 m. from the coast of Norway. Lat. 68 16' N. Langogne, t. France, in Lozere, 21 m. N. E. Mende. Pop. 2,300. LAN Langon, t. France, in Gironde, on the Ga- ronne, 9 m. N. Bazas. Pop. 3,200. Langport, t. En-, in Somersetshire, on the river Parretfnear its junction with the I vel, which is navigable to the Bristol channel. 15 m. E. by N. Taunton, 130 W. by S. London. Lon. 2 49 W.Lat.512'N. Pop. 861. Lansres, t. France, in Upper Marne, 40 m. N. E. Dijon. Pop. 8,600. Laneuedoc, before the revolution, a province in the S. of France, extending on the E. to the Rhone, and on the YV. to the Garonne. At the revolution it was divided into the departments of Card, Herault, Ardeche, Lozere, Tarn, Upper Garonne, and Aude. Extent, 16,000 square miles. Pop. about 2,000,000. Vines, olives, and mulber- ries are here produced in profusion. The great articles of export are wine and brandy. The cel- ebrated canal of Languedoc, which was dug in the reign of Louis XIV. commences near Cette, and extendsfrom E. to W. about 140 miles, until it reaches the navigable part of the Garonne near Toulouse, thus effecting a communication by wa- ter from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean. There are 7 1 bridges over the canal, 58 aqueducts, and 103 sluices. The most remarkable tunnel in its whole course is at the hill of Malpas, and is 500 feet long and20bioad. Langueglia, t. Italy, 45 m. S. W. Genoa. Lanier, t. Preble co. Ohio. Pop. 1,096. Lonjang, or Lantchang, city, Asia, and cap. of Laos, on the river Mecon. Lon. 101 38' E. Lat. 18" 30' N. Lankayt, small isl. near the W. coast of Celebes. Lon. 11 9 12' E. Lat. 4 57' S. Lanmeur, t. France, 6 m. N. E. Morlaix. Pop. 2,400. Lannion, t. France, in Cotes-du-Nord, 39 m. W. N. W. Sfc Brieux. Lon. 3 27' W. Lat. 48 44' N. Pop. 3,700. Lannoy, t. France, dep. of the North, 8 m. E. N. E. Lille. Pop. 950. La JYora.ye, seigniory, Warwick co. Lower Canada, on' the St. Lawrence, 37 m. N. E. Mon- treal. Lansargues, t. France, in Herault, 9 m. W. Mootpelier. Pop. 1,050. Lansdown, t. Leeds co. Up. Canada, on the St. Lawrence. Lanserd, v. Mazauderan, in Persia, on the Cas- pian, 10 m. W. Fehrabad. Lansing, t. Tompkins co. N. Y. Pop. 3,631. Lansingburg, p-t. Rensselaer co. N. Y. on the Hudson, 3 m. above Troy, 9 above Albany. Pop. 2,035, of whom 1,700 are in the village. A bridge across the Hudson connects Lansingburg with \Vaterford. The village is handsomely laid out on a plain, and contains a bank, an academy, and 4 churches. Sloops sometimes ascend the river to this place, and it has considerable trade. Lanta, or Lenta, t. France, in Upper Garonne, 9 m. K. Toulouse. Pop. 1,450. Lantughur, t. Hind, in Lamjungh. Lon. 84 19' E. Lat. 29 5' N. Lantoir, the chief among the Banda islands. See Banda. Lanlosca, t. Piedmont. 14 m. N. Nice. Pop. 1,800. Lan-tsan. See Mecon. Lanvolftm, t. France, in Cotes-du-Nord, 8 m. S. E. Pontrieux. Pop. 900. Lanzo, t. Piedmont, on the Stura, 11 m. N. W. Turin. Pop. 2,100. LAP 395 Lao, t. Cuba, 25 m. W. Havannah. Laon, t. France, cap. of Aisne, near the Ardon, 20 m. N. E. Soissons, 77 N. E. Paris. Lon. 3 37' E. Lat. 49 33' N. Pop. 6,691. Laos, a kingdom 1 of India beyond the Ganges, extending from 12 C> to 18 N. lat. and having Tun- quin and Cochin-China on the E. Cambodia on the S. Siam on the W. and Tunquin on the N. There are few countries of Asia respecting which we possess less accurate knowledge. The inhabi- tants are nominally subject to Cochin-China. Laour, t, Bengal, in Silhet. Lon. 84 19' E. Lat. 25 8' N. Lnpa, small isl. one of the Sooloo archipelago. Lapata. See Lupata. La petite Nation, seigniory, York co. Lower Canada, on the Ottawa, 65 m. W. Montreal. La petite Riviere, parish, in Cote de Beaupre seigniory, Lower Canada, on the St. Lawrence, 34m. N.E.Quebec. Laphao, Portuguese settlement on the W. side of Timor. Lon. 124 48' 36'' E. Lat. 9"22'45'' S. Lapland, the most northern country in Europe, bounded N. by the Arctic ocean, E. by the White sea, S. by Sweden, and W. by .Norway and the Atlantic. Extent, about 150,000 sq-. miles. Pop. 60,000. Lapland is divided into three parts, call- ed iiussian, Swedish, and Norwegian. Russian Lapland the most dreary of the whole, includes all east of the Tornea, unuer the appellation of Circle of Kola, with a population of about 0,000. Swedish Lapland is subdivided into 6 provinces, called Torneo-Lapmark, Lulea-Lapmark, Fithea- Laprnark, Umea-Lapmark, Jamtiand-Lapmark, and Asele-Lapmark ; but by the recent division of the Swedish territory, the whole belongs to the government of Umea. The extent is about 53,000 square miles. Pop. about 13,000. Norwe- gian Lapland, or Finnmark, now belongs also to Sweden. It is the most northerly of all, and may be styled Lapland beyond the mountains. It has an extent of 27,000 sq. miles. Pop. about 20,000, or one to a square mile. The part of Lapland lying along the N. shore of the gulf of Bothnia, consists of an extensive plain, abounding in im- mense forests of spruce and Scots fir ; but at the distance of 80 miles the ground becomes gradually elevated, and is at last full of lofty mountains. Very few vegetables are cultivated in this inhos- pitable region. The little grain consumed, is im- ported from southern countries. The rein-deer is the most valuable gift that nature has bestowed on the poor Laplander. It serves as the principal beast of burden ; its milk is highly valued ; its flesh supplies the chief nourishment of the inhab- itants during part of the year ; its sinews are made into thread ; and its skin furnishes a great part of their dress. The Laplanders were conver- ted to Christianity in the 17th century. Those of the Russian province are professedly of the Greek church, while those subject to Sweden are Lutherans. Laprairie, seigniory, Huntingdon co. Lower Canada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, at the mouth of the Sorel, opposite Montreal. The vil- lage of Laprairie, or La Nativitc, contains about 100 houses, and is very flourishing, being situated, on the main road from Montreal into the United States. La Proa, point, New Brunswick, halfway be- tween, Eastport and St. John. Lapla, v. on the N. coast of Cyprus, near the site of the ancient Lapithos, 6 m. E. Cerina. 396 L A Lar, the capital of Laristan, in Persia, once a magnificent city, but now in ruins. Pop. 12,000. Lon. 42 35' E. Lat. 27 30' N. Lara, or Larad, t.Spain, ia Old Castile, 40m. S. S. E. Burgos. ' Larache. See Araiche, Et.' Larana, v. Tripoli, 30 m. S. E. Mesurata. - Larbert, v. Scotland, in Stirlingshire, 2 m.W. N. W. Falkirk. ISArbre crochc, Indian village in Michigan, on the VV. side of the ptninsula, near its N. extremi- ty. It consists of 40 families of Ottaways. 40 m. from Michillimackinac. Larchamps, t. France, in Mayenne, 20 m. W. Mayenne. Pop. 2,000. Larecaja, province, Buenos Ayres, N. of La Paz. Laredo, s-p. Spain, in Biscay, 20 m. E. San- tander. Lon. 3 21' W. Lat. 43 25' N. Pop. 1,800. Larek, small isl. in the Persian gulf, 10 m. S. S. E. Ormus. Larenda, ancient city of Asia Minor, 3 m. S. E. Karaman. Larg, small isl. near the W. coast of Sumatra. Lon. 100 3' E. Lat. 3 30' S. Larga, small isl. in the Spanish Main. Lon. 76 6' W. ,Lat. 10 1' N. Larga, small isl. in the Florida stream. Lon. 82 25' VV. Lat. 24 36' N. Larga Punta, or Punta de Asies* cape on the W coast of Florida. Lon. 82 5' W. Lat. 25 45' N. Largo, v. Scotland, in Fifeshire, on the Keil, at its influx into the sea. It has a harbor, with a stone quay, which may be approached by vessels of 100 tons. 6 m. S. Cupar. Largs, v. Scotland, in Ayrshire, 8 m. W. In- nerkip. Pop. 500. Laricaxas. See Larecaja. Larissa, t. Eu. Turkey, cap. of Thessaly, in a beautiful situation on the right bank of the Salem- bria. It is the residence of a Greek archbishop. 75 m. S. by W. Salonica. Lon. 22 47' E. Lat. 39 48' X. Pop. 20,000. Laristan, province, in the S. of Persia, extend- ing along the N. coast of the gulf. It is the poor- est and least productive province of the empire. The coast is in the possession of different Arab tribes. Larita, s-p. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone, 45 m. E. S. E. Toulon. Lark's Point, cape, Lower Canada, in the river St. Lawrence, at the mouth of Saguenay river. Larkliall, v. Scotland, in Lanarkshire, 4 m. S. E. Hamilton. Larmc, Cape de, promontory, Naples, on the S. coa. Leda, r. Hanover, which falls into the Ems near Leerort. Leda., cape, on the coast of Brazil. Lat. 6 50' S. Ledbury, t. Eng. in Gloucester co. 16 m. N. W. Gloucester, 120 W. by N. London. Lon. 2 25' W. Lat. 52 name of a department of the French empire, under Bonaparte. Lemay" 1 s cross-roads, p-v. Granville co. N. C. Lembeke, v. Netherlands, in East Flanders, 22 m. S. E. Ghent. Pop. 2,600. Lembfrg, city, Austrian Poland, formerly cap. of Red Russia, and now of Galicia, stands on the Pelten, a branch of the Dniester. It is, next to. Brody, the greatest trading town of Galicia. Its fair, which is held during Lent, is on a very large scale, and the business transacted at it is immense. Hei-e is the principal thoroughfare from Odessa, and other Russian ports on the Black sea, to Vi- enna and the rest of Germany. 72 m. S. S. E. Chelm, 156 E. Cracow, 300 S. S. E. Konigsberg. Lon. 24 8' E. Lat. 49 51' N. Pop. 44,000, of whom 15,000 are Jews. Lemgo, t. Westphalia, in Lippe Detmold. It was formerly one of the Hanse towns. Here is a considerable trade in printing and bookselling. Pop. 3,400. 17 m. S. Minden. Lon. 8 44' E. Lat. 522'N. Lemid) small isl. on the coast of Chili. Lat. 44" 6'S. Lemington, p-t. Essex co. Vt. on Connecticut river, 64 m. N. E. Moutpelier. Pop. 139. Lemlem. See Melli. Lemloon, v. Irak Arabi, on the Euphrates, about midway between Bassora and Hillah. Lemmer, v. Netherlands, in Friesland, 20 m. S. Leeuwarden, Pop. 1,800. Lemnos, Slalimene, or Limye, isl. Eu. Turkey, in the archipelago, between Monte Santo and the Hellespont, 15 miles long, and about 11 broad. Pop. 8,000. Lemon, t. Butler co. Ohio, on Miami river, 10 m. above Hamilton. Pop. 2,133. Lemon Rock, rock near the S . W. coast of Ire- land. Lon. 10 18' W. Lat. 51 45' N. Lemps le Grand, t. France, inlsere, 18m. N. W. Grenoble. Pop. 1,700. Lempster, p-t. Cheshire co. N. H. 40 m. W. Concord. Pop. 950. Lepla, (an. Leptis Parva,} s-p. Tunis, 60 m. S. Tunis. Lempluna, or Lempta, country in the desert o.f Africa, S. of Tunis. Lemwig,s-p. Denmark, in North Jutland, 84 m. N. Ribe. Lon. 8 28' E. Lat. 56 44' N. Len, r. Eng. in Kent, which falls into the Med- way at Maidstone. Lena, r. A. Russia, which rises in the mountains N. W. of Lake Baikal, Ion. 108 14' E. lat. 50 20' N. and falls into the Frozen ocean, Ion. 117 14' E. lat. 73 N. Its entire course is nearly 2,000 miles. Lcncloistre, t. France, in Vienne, 14 m. N. Poi- tiers. Pop. 2,1 50. Lenczics, t. Poland, 77 m. W. Warsaw. Lon. 19 10' E. Lat. 52 12 7 N. Pop. 2,250. Ltndinara, t. Austrian Italy, 8 m. W. Rovigo. Pop. 5,000. Lenes, small isl. near the coast of Norway. Lat, 67 40' N. Lengefdd, t. Saxony, in the Vogtland, 10 m. N. E. Plauen. Pop. 2,100. Lengefeld, t. Saxony. 35 m. S. W. Dresden. Lengcfeld, t. Saxe- Weimar, on the Werra, 1C m. S. S. W. Eisenach. Pop. 1,750. Lcngua, Cape, cape on the E. coast of the gulf of Venice. Lon. 19 36' E. Lat. 40 M! N. Lcnham, t. Eng. in Kent co. 10 m. E. Maidstone, 44 S. E. London. Lon. 44' E. Lat. 51 14' N., Pop. 1,509. Lenkroon, port of Ghilan, in. Persia, on the Cas- pian, llOm.N. W. Reshd. 404 LEO L E P Lenkersheim, t. Bavarian states, 14 m. N. An- gpach. Lcnnep, t Prussian province of Cleves-and- Berg, 22 m. E. by S. Dusseldorf. Lon. 7 18' E. Lat. 51 9' N. Pop. 2,800. Lennik, &t. Martin, t. Netherlands, in South Brabant, 11 m. S. W. Brussels. Pop. 1,600. Lenno, v. Austrian Italy, in the Milanese, 12 m. S. Brescia. Pop. 3,000. Lenoire, co. N. C. Pop. 6,799. Slaves 3,355. Engaged in agriculture 2,254, in commerce 11, in manufactures 40. Chief town, Kingston. Lenox, p-t. and cap. Berkshire co. JViass, 3 m. N. Stoekbridge, 6 S. Pittsfield, 145 W. Boston. Pop. 1,315. Hou?atonnuc river passes through this town. The public buildings are a court-house and jail, an academy, and 2 houses for public wor- ship. Here is an iron mine, and a furnace for cast- ing hollow iron ware. Lenox, t. Madison co. N. Y. on Oneida Lake, and on the Erie canal. 25 m. W Utica, 1 18 W. Albany. Pop. 3,360 Iron ore is found here, and in 1815, acompany was incorporated for the pur- pose of manufacturing iron. Lenox, t. Susquehannah co. Pa. Pop. 214. Lenox, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio. Pop. 124. Lenox castle, p-v. Rockingham co. N. C. Lenozrille, s-p. Carteret co. N. C. at the mouth of a small river which falls into Core Sound, 3 m. from Beaufort. It has lately attracted attention as a good situation for trade. See Beaufort. Lens, t. France, in Pas-de-Calais, 10m. N. W. Douay. Pop. 2,350. Lens,i. Netherlands, in Hainault,9 m. N. Mons. Pop. 2,000. Lenthe,v. Netherlands, in Overyssel, 5 m. S.E. Zwoll. Pop. 1,100. Lenton, parish, Eng. in Nottinghamshire, 1 m. W. S. W. Nottingham. Pop. 1,197 Lentrisca, Cape, cape on the S. coast of Ivica. Lon.l12'E. Lat. 38 51' N. Lensburg, t. Swiss canton of Aargau, on the Aa, 6 m. S. E. Aargau. Lenzen, t. Prussian States, in Brandenburg, 74 m. N. W. Berlin. Lon. 11 36' E. Lat. 53 9' N. Pop. 2,150. Lenso,r. Italy, Avhich falls into the Po near Ber- sello. Leoben, t. Austrian states, 80 m. S. W. Vienna. Pop. 2,400. Leoben, cape, New Holland. Lon. 130 13' E. Lat. 119'S. Ltobschutz, or Hlubzien, t. Silesia, 18 m. N. W. Ratibor. Pop. 3,400. Leogane, t. on the VV. coast of St. Domingo, 9 leagues W. by S. Port au Prince. Lon. 72 37' W. Lat 28 30' N. L^ogane, Bay of, called also Bight of Leogane, at the W. end of the island of St. Domingo. It opens between Cape St. Nicholas and Cape Dame Ma- rie, 45 leagues apart. Logang, t. Austrian states, 30 m. S. S. W. Saltzburg. Leominster, borough and t. Eng in Hereford- shirt, on the Lugg. It has manufactures of hats and gloves ; also some trade in felts, leather, &c. Here is one of the best markets for wool, cyder, hops, and wheat. 13 m. N. Hereford, 26 W. Worcester, 137 N. W. London. Lon. 2 4S 7 W. Lat. 52 13' N. Pop. 3,232. Leominster, p-t. Worcester co. Mss. 20 m. N. Worce-ter. Pop. 1,790. It is on Nashua river, and has numerous mills and manufactures. Leon, one of the great divisions of Spain, in tin N. W. and still distinguished by the title of a king- dom It is bounded N by Asturia, E. by Old Cas- tile, S. by Estremadura, ami VV. by Portugal and Galicia. Extent, 21,000 square* in.les.' Pop. 930,. KX). Leon, a province of Spain, occupying the north- ern part of the ancient kingdom of Leon, and sur- rounded by the Asturms, Palenc a, Toro, Vallado- lid, Zamora, and Galicia. Extent, 6,200 square miles Pop. 240,0<>0. Leon, (ancient Legio,~) city Spain, can. of the foregoing kingJom and -province, is at the conflu- ence of the Tor 10 and Bernesga. '! he cathedral surpasses in grandeur and beauty all similar edi- fices in the kingdom. The ancient palace of the kings of Leon is now in a decayed state, and has been converted into a manufactory. 174 m. N. N. W. Madrid, 74 N. N W. Viilladolid. Lou. .>' ^1' W. Lat. 42 45' M . Pop. 6,200. Leon, isl. on the S. VV. coast of Spain, separated from the mainland by a canal and river, 10 miles long, and from 20 to 30 feet deep. Cadiz is on a point of land at the S. VV. extremity. See Cadiz. Leon. See St. Pol de Leon. Leon, or Leon de Nicaragua, cap. of the pro- vince of Nicaragua, in Guatimala, on the W. side of Lake Leon. It is the see of a bishop. Lon. 291 "25' E. Lat 12 25' N. Leon, t Mexico, in Guanaxuato, 40m. N. W. Guanaxuato. Lon. 272 10' E. Lat. 20 18' N. Leon, r. New Grenada, which rises in the mountains that separate the Atrato and Cauca riv- ers, and flows into the gulf of Darien. Leontm, small isl m j ar the N. E. coast of Borneo. Lon. 117 48' E. Lat 6 39 N. Leonardston, p-t. and cap. St. Mary's co. Md. on Britton's creek, 5 m. above its entrance into the Potomac, 30 S. E. Port Tobacco, 74 S. An- napolis. Leone, Cape, promontory on the S. coast of Greece, 8m. VV. S. W. Athens. Leones, small isl. near the coast of Patagonia. Lat. 50 2' S. Leonessa, t. Naples, in Abruzzo, 19 m. N. W. Aquila. Leonforte, t. interior of Sicily, 7 m. W. SanFi- lippo d'Ar^iro. Pop. 8,000. Leonsherg, t. Wirtemburg, 1 1 m. N. VV. Stut- gard Pop. 1,700. Leontini, or Lentini, t. Sicily, in the Val di No- to, on a river of the same name, 5 m. from the sea. 22 N. N. VV. Syracuse. Lon. 15 E. Lat. 37 18' N. Pop. 5,000. Leopold, a town of liberated negroes in the par- ish of St. Peter's, in the colony of Sierra Leone. Leopoldsau, t. Austrian States, 6 m. N. by E. Vienna. Leopold- Schlag, t Austrian States, 28m. N. N. E, Lintx. Leopoldstadl, t Hungary, 56 m. E. Vienna. Lon. 17" 45' 45" E. Lat. 48 25' 40" N. Lepage, seigniory, Cornwallis co. Lower Cana- da, on the S. side of the St Lawrence. Lepanto, t. in the S. W. of Eu. Turkey, at the entrance of a gulf of the same name. 360 m. W. S. W. Constantinople. Lon.. 22 E. Lat. 38 37 \. Lepanto, Culfof, formerly called the Gulf of Corinth, a gulf of Eu. Turkey, separating the coast of Romania from '.he Morea. Lepe, t. Spain, in Seville, 10 m. E. Ayamonte. Lon. 7 4' W. Lat. 37 Itf 15" N. L E S Leper's Island, one of the New Hebrides. LOB. 168 4' E. Lat. 1521'N. Lefisina. See Eleusis Lept-m, t. Eng. ia Yorkshire, 4 m. E. by S. Huddersiield. Pop. 2,585. Legite-yto, t. Spain, in Biscay, on the bay of Bis- cay, 2b m, E. N. E. Bilboa. Lerang, Point, cape on the N. coast of Java. Lon. 1 1 1 27' E. Lat. 6 ' 37' S. Leray, t. Jefferson co. N. Y. on Black river, 180 m. N. W. Albany. Pop. 1,724. Leraysritte, p-t. Jefferson co. N. Y. Leira. bee Leyria. Lerici, s-p. Italy, in the Genoese territory, 6 m. S. E. Spezza. Pop. 2,000. Lerida, t. Spain, in Catalonia, on the Segre, 69 m. E. by S. Saragossa, 90 W. by N. Barcelona. Lon. 25' E Lat. 41 29' N, Pop. 17,000. Lerim, 2 small islands in the Mediterranean, on the S. coast of France, called St. Marguerite, and St. Honorat. Lon. 77 E. Lat. 43 30' N. Lerma, t. Spain, in Burgos, 23 m. S. Burgos. Lon. 3" 45' 3" W. Lat. 42 f 21" N. Lerma, t. .Mexico, 9 leagues W. S. W. Mexico. Lon. 99 21' W. Lat. 19 16' N. Lerna, s-p. Greece, in the Morea, in the gulf of Napoli, 6m. S. E. Argos. Leroy, formerly Bellona, p-t. Geneseeco. N. Y. 10 m. E. Batavia, 38 W. Canandaigua. It con- tains a hand ome village, with a Presbyterian church. In the north part of the town are the re- mains of an ancient fort. Pop. 2,61 1. Leroy, t. Geauga co. Ohio. Ltrwick, t. Scotland, on the mainland of Shet- land, and the seats of the courts of that stewartry. It is on the spacious harbour called Lerwick or Brassy sound. Pop. 1,000. Lesara, one of the Aland isles, in the Baltic, in Ion. 20" 19 L\ lat. 60 18' N. Lesbe, v. Egypt, at the mouth of the Nile, 5 m. from Damietta. Lesbury, t. Eng. in Northumberland, 4 m. E. by S. Alnwick. Lascar, (PKscar,) t. France, in Lower Pyre- nees, 3 m. N W. Pau. Pop. 1,900. Lesche, r. France, which falls into the Maese above Dinant. Lesdiguieres, t. France, in Upper Alps, 1 1 m. N. Gap. Pop. 1,400. Lies Eboulemf.ns, seigniory, Northumberland co. Lower Canada, on the N. side of the St. Lawrence, 56 m. N. E. Quebec. Lesghislan, a territory of Caucasus, bounded N. by Circassia, and E. by Daghestan. The inhabit- ants are robbers of the most daring and desperate character. Lesignau, t. France, in Aude, 11 m. W Nar- bonne. Pop. 1,500. Lesinay or Lezina, (an. Pharos or Pharia,") isl. in the Adriatic, on the S coast of Austrian Dalma- tia, between the islands of Brazzola, Curzola, and SaV.ioncello. It is 65 miles long and 14 broad. Pop. 14,000. Lesina, t. Naples, in the Capitanata, on the La- go dc Lesina, which communicates with the Adri- atic, 86m. E. N.E. Naples. Lrsmattagoe, or Abbey Green, v. Scotland, in Lanarkshire, 6 m. S. Lanark. Pop. 500. Lrsneten, t. France, in Finisterre, 14 m. N. E. Brest. Lon. 4 14' W. Lat. 48 34' N. Pop. 2,050. Lcsparrc,L France, in Gironde, 13m. N. N. W. Bourdeaux. Pop. 800. LEV 405 Lessac, t. France, in Charente, on the Vienne. Pop. 1,200. Lessard, seigniory, Cornwallis co. Lower Cana- da, on the S. side of the St Lawrence. Lessard, seigniory, Devon co. Lower Canada, 45 m. N. E. Quebec. Lessay, t. France, in La Mariche, opposite Jer- sey. Pop. 1,500. Lessines, t. Netherlands, in Hainault, on the Dender, 28 m. W. S. W. Brussels. Pop. 3,700. Lesslie,t. Scotland, in Fifeshire, 9 m.JN.Kirk- aldy. Lessoe, or Lossoe, isl. Denmark, in the Catte- gat. Lon. 11 8' E. Lat. 57 17' N. Pop. 1,560. Lestwithiel. See Loslwithiel, Letart, t. Meigs co. Ohio. Pop. 410. LetarCs rapids, in Ohio river, 25 m. below Shade river. Letham, v. Scotland, in Fifeshire, 4 m. W. Cu- par. Leti, small isl. near the island of Timor. Lon. 127 15' E. Lat. 8 28' N. Letterkenny, t. Ireland, in Donegal, 15 m. S. W. Londonderry. Letterkenny, t Franklin co. Pa. Pop. 1,820. Lettowits, t. Moravia, 25m. N. Brunn. Levana, t. Brown co. Ohio, on Ohio river, 2 m. below Ripley. It contains a printing-office. Pop. 100. Levanqhc, small isl. of the Adriatic. Lon. 13* 52' E. Lat 45 1'N. Levant. This term signifies the East; but it is commonly applied to the E. coasts of the Mediter- ranean, particularly those of Asia Minor and Syria. Levant, isl. on the S. E. coast of France. Lon. 6 29' 49" E. Lat. 43 25' N. Levant, p-t. Periobscot co. Maine, 10 m. N. W. Bangor. Pop. 143. Levanzo, small isl. near the W. coast of Sicily. Lon. 12 24' E. Lat. 38 5' N. Leubus, v. Silesia, on the Oder, 30 m. W. N. W. Breslau. Pop. 1,100. Leuca, Capo di, cape on the E. coast of Naples. Lon. 18 20' E. Lat. 40 3' N. Leucadia, promontory at the S. extremity of the island of Santa Maura. Lencate, t. France, in Aude, 7 m. S. Marbonne. Leuchars, v. Scotland, in Fifeshire, 6m.fr. St. Andrew's. Leren, v. Scotland, in Fifeshire, at the mouth of the river Leven, 9 m. E. Kirkaldy. Pop. 1, 132. Ltven, Loch, lake, Scotland, in Kinross co. about 12 m. in circumference. The castle of Loch Lev- en, anciently a royal residence, stands on an island in the N. W. part of 'he lake. Leven, r. Scotland, which issues from Loch Lo- mond at Balloch, and falls into the Clyde at Dum- barton castle. Leventin, lake, Prussian states, 56 m. S. E. Ko- nigsberg Levenworlh, t. Crawford co. Indiana, on the Ohio, at the horse shoe bend, 12 m. W. Corydon, 30 S. W. Salem, -25 S. Paoli. Leverett, t. Franklin co. Mass. 10m. S. E. Green- field. Pop. 857. Levering 1 s, p-v. Philadelphia co. Pa. Lercston\ p-v. Franklin co. Indiana. Leri Point, point, Lower Canada, on the St. Lawrence, opposite Quebec. Levier*, t. France, in Doubs, 9 m. S. Oman?, Pop. 1,100. 406 LEW Levina, t. Brown co. Ohio, on Ohio river. Pop. in 1815, 100. Leuk, t. Switz. in Valais, 20 m. E. Sion. Lou. 745'E. Lat. 46 17 N. Levkopol, t. Russia, in the Crimea, 80 m. S. Pe- rekop. Lon. 34 24' E. Lat 45 6' N. Levroux, t. France, in Indre, llm. N.Chateau- roux. Pop. 2,800. Leusc, t. Netherlands, in Haiiiault, on the Den- der, 1 1 m. E. Tournay. Lon. 3 28' E. Lat. 50 S 34'N. Pop. 4,400. Leutenberg, t. Saxony, 9 m. S. E. of Saalfield. Leulershansen, t. Baden, 9 m. E. Manheim. Pop. 1.100. Leulhen, v. Prussian Silesia, 10m. W. Breslau. Leutkirch, t. Wirtemberg, 28 m. S. Ulm. Pop. 1,800. Leulmannsdorf, v. Silesia, 6 m. S. E. Schweid- nitz. Pop. 2,150. Leulmerits, one of the sixteen circles into which Bohemia is divided. Extent, 1,336 sq. miles. Pop. 292.000. Leutmeritz, t. Bohemia, cap. of the preceding circle, is on the Elbe, 36 m. N. N. E. Prague, 40 S. S. E. Dresden. Pop. 36,000. Leulnmischl, t. Bohemia,86 m. E. by S. Prague, 22 E. Chnidim. Lon. 16 5' E. Lat. 49 47' N. Pop. 4,650. Leutschau, t. Hungary, in the county of Zyps, and the place of meeting for the provincial assem- blies. 25 m. W. by S. "Szeben. Lon. 19 26' E. Lat. 49" N. Pop. 4,500. Lewens, or Leva, t. Hungary, 8 m. E. Barsch. Lon. 18 37' E. Lat. 48" 13' N. Lewes, borough and t Eng. in Sussex, on the W. bank of the Ouse, which is navigable up to the town. On a hill, about a mile from the town, is the race course, which is accounted one of the best in England. 8 m. N. E. Brighton, 49 S. London. Lon. t' E. Lat. 50 53' N. Pop. 6,221. Lewin, t Silesia, 15 m. W. Glatz. Lon. 16 4' E. Lat. 50 14' N. Pop. 1,100 Lewis, one of the largest and most northerly of the Hebrides, on the coast of Scotland, parted by arms of the sea into two divisions, the southern of which is called Harris, and the northern Lewis. Extent, 902 sq. miles, or 451,000 acres. Every part of the island exhibits monuments of antiqui- ty, as duns, fortified castles, Druidical edifices, cairns, and upright stones. The island lies be- tween 64 and 72 W. Ion. and 57 54' and 58 28' N.lat. Pop. 13,942. Lewis, t. Essex co. Vt. 57 m. N. E. Montpelier, 8 S. of the Canada line. Lewis, co. N. Y. inclosed by the counties of St. Lawrence, Hamilton, Oneida, Oswego, and Jef- ferson. Pop. 9,227. Engaged in agriculture 1,7.53, in manufactures 312. Chief town, Mar- tinsburg. Lewis, t. Essex co. N.Y. 6 m. N. Elizabethtown. Pop. 779. Lewis, co. Va. formed in 1816, from part of Harrison county. Pop. 4,247. Slaves 1 15. En- gaged in agriculture L,160, in commerce 4, in manufactures 64. Lewis, co. Ken. Pop. 3,973. Slaves 464. En- gaged in agriculture 1,057, in commerce 3, in manufactures 89. Chief town, Clarksburg. Lewis,t. Brown co. Ohio. Pop. 1,60.0. Lewis bay, harbor in Yarmouth, Barnstable co. Mass, on the S. shore of Cape Cod. Lacisburg, p-t. Union co. Pa. Pop. 579. LEX Leicisburg, or Tarstown, p-t. Northumberland co. Pa. on the W. side of the Susquehannah, 7 ni. above Northumberland, 30 E. Aaronsburg. It is well situated for trade. At this place, a bridge is thrown across the river. Leirisburgi p-t. and cap. Greenbriar co. Va. on the N. side of Greenbriar river, 250 m. W. Rich- mond. Lewisburg, p-t. Muhlenburg co. Ken. Lewis' creek, r.Vt. which runs into Lake Cham- plain, at Ferrisburg. Lewisham, v. Eng. in Kent, 5 m. E. London. Pop. 6,625. Lewis River, r. N. America, which rises on the W. side of the Rocky mountains, and after a course of about 900 miles, enters the E.side of Columbia river, 413 m. above its mouth. Lewis' store, p-v. Spotsylvania co. Pa. Lewiston, t. Lincoln co. Maine, on the Andros- coggin, at the falls. The falls are 30 feet perpen- dicular. 30 m. W. Wiscasset. Pop. 1,312. Lewiston, p-t. Niagara co. N. Y. on Niagara river, opposite Queeuston, 27^ m. N. Buffalo, 11 S. Fort Niagara. The portage around the falls is 8 miles from Fort Schlosser to this place. A steam- boat plies regularly from Lewiston to Sacketts Harbor. Pop. 869. Lewistown, p-t. bor. and cap. Mifflin co. Pa. orr the N. side of the Juniatta, 23 m. N. E. Hunting- don, 86 N. W. Harrisburg-, 152 W. Philadelphia. It is regularly laid out, and contains a court- house and jail, a market-house, and bank. Pop. 773. Lewistown, or Lewes, p-t. Sussex co. Del. on Lewis creek, 3 m. above its entrance into Dela- ware bay, 3 W. Cape Henlopen, 112 S. Philadel- phia. It stands on elevated ground, commanding a fine view of the ocean. It contains an academy and 2 churches, 1 for Presbyterians, and 1 for Methodists. Extensive salt-works have lately been erected at this place. Pop. 1,657. Lewisville, p-v. Brunswick co. Va. Lewisville, p-v. Chester co. S. C. Lexawacsein. See Lackawaxen. Lexden, v. Eng. in Essex, 2 m. W. Colchester. Lexington, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. 1 1 m. N. W.Boston. Pop. 1,200. In this town a battle was fought April 19, 1775, which was the com- mencement of the American Revolution. A mon- ument is erected on the spot. Lexington, p-t. Green co. (N. Y.) W. of Cats- kill. Pop. 1,798. Lexington, p-t. and cap. Rockbridge co. Va. m, the N. branch of James river, 30m. S. W. Staun- ton, 151 W. Richmond. Lon. 79 40' W. Lat. 37 50' N. The situation of the town is healthy and agreeable. It contains a court-house, jail, meeting-house for Presbyterians, a college, and about 100 dwelling-houses. The college is called Washington College, after General Washington, who endowed it with 100 shares in the James river canal. It was originally incorporated as an acad- emy, in 1782, under the name of Liberty Hall Academy, but the canal stock having become within a few years very productive, it has assumed the form of a college. It has a philosophical ap- paratus, a library of about 2,000 volumes, a pre- sident, 2 professors, and about 50 students. The canal shares have in some years produced an in- como of more than $3,000. /igton, p-v. Rowan co. N. C. Lexington, district, S. C. Pop. 8,083. Slave? L E Y 2,800. Engaged in agriculture 2, 83 1 , in commerce 16, in manufactures 20. Chief town, Granby. Lexinston, formerly Great falls, p-t. and cap. Oglethorpe co. Geo. The public buildings are a oourt-house and jail, and an academy. 76 m. N. W. Augusta. Lexington, p-t. and cap. Fayette co. Ken. is de- lightfully situated in a beautiful valley on Town Fork, a small stream which falls into the S. branch of Elkhorn river, 25 m. E. S. E. Frankfort, 76 E. Louisville, 88 S. Cincinnati. Lat. 38 6' N. Lon. 05 8' W. It is regularly laid out, and contains a court-house, a market-house, a masonic hall, 3 banks, a public library, a university, 2 female academies, 3 printing-offices, and 7 houses of pub- lic worship, 3 for Presbyterians, and 1, each, for Episcopalians, Baptists, Methodists, and Roman Catholics. The growth of this town has been ex- ceedingly rapid. In 1797, it contained only about 50 houses, and the best farmers lived in log cab- ins. It is now a large and beautiful town, cover- ed with stately and elegant buildings, and in wealth and refinement is scarcely surpassed by any place in the western country. Pop. 5,279. The manufacturing establishments are various and extensive. Here are 4 nail factories, which man- ufacture 70 tons of nails yearly, 2 copper and tin manufactories, several cotton and woollen manu- factories, 3 steam grist mills, 2 steam paper mills, ropewalks on a large scale, besides tanneries,brew- eries, distilleries, &c. The country around Lex- ington is much admired for the beauty of its scene- ry, and is adorned with more than 50 handsome country seats. Transylvania University in this place, was ori- ginally incorporated before the separation of Ken- tucky from Virginia. In 1818, it was re-organi- zed under a board of thirteen trustees, who are chosen biennially by the legislature. In 1820, the officers were a president, who is also professor of the philosophy of the human mind, moral philoso- phy, and the elements of civil policy, rhetoric, logic, and philosophical grammar ; 4 medical pro- fessors ; a professor of common and civil law ; a professor of chemistry ; a professor of natural phi- losophy and mathematics ; a professor of botany and natural history, and teacher of modern lan- guages ; 3 tutors ; 2 assistant tutors ; and the principal of the preparatory department. The number of students in 1822, was 384, of whom 46 were law students, 138 medical students, 138 un- dergraduates and 62 in the preparatory depart- ment. The buildings consist of two college edifi- ces of brick, one erected several years since; the other, erected in 1818, is a spacious building, 130 feet by 50, 3 stories high, containing a chapel, four recitation rooms, a room for the library, and 30 .rooms for students. The library contains about 3,000 volumes, and a considerable sum has recently been expended in the purchase of a chemical and philosophical apparatus. Lexington, i. Stark co. Ohio. Pop. 539. Lexington, p-t. Jefferson co. Indiana. Lexington, p-v. Boone co. Missouri. Leyden, city, Netherlands, in S. Holland. It ranks among the largest cities of Holland, and is inferior to none in the spaciousness of its streets. It stands on a small branch of the Rhine. The ca- nals that traverse the town, form, by their various intersections, upwards of fifty petty islands. The fortification* consist of a circular mound of earth, partly covered with turf, and partly faced witli brick. Along this mound are fine shady walks, and outside of it a deep and broad moat. The uni- L I B 407 Versity of Leyden was formerly famous through- out Europe. It was founded in 1575. The num- ber of professors is 21; viz. 4 of theology, 4 of law; 4 of medicine, 4 of philosophy, and 5 of langua- ges. Their lectures are delivered in Latin. Their salaries, independent of a house and the small fees paid by the pupils, are somewhat more than 250. The number of students is at present (1819) about 300 : of these about 80 study medi- cine, 100 philosophy and languages, and the oth- ers divinity and law. Belonging to the universi- ty is a valuable botanical garden, a cabinet of nat- ural history, an anatomical theatre, an observa- tory, and a library. In the last, the manuscripts are said to form 10,000 volumes ; the number of printed volumes is about 40,000. Printing, espe- cially the printing of classical books, was former- ly a great branch of trade here ; but it is now- much reduced. Leyden sustained a famous seige in 1573, against the Spaniards. 10 m. N. E. of the Hague, 22 S. W. Amsterdam. Lon. 4 29' E. Lat. 52 9' N. Pop. 31,000. Leyden, t. Franklin co. Mass. Pop. 974. Leyden, p-t. Lewis co. N. Y. on Black river, 33 m. N. Utica, 115 N. W. Albany. Pop. 1,203. Leyden Isl, isl. off the N. W. coast of Ceylon. Leyder-Dam, or Leidschendam, t. Netherlands, in S. Holland, 3 m. E. of the Hague. Pop. 1,800. Leyland, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 4 m. N. W. Chorley. Pop. 2,646. Leyria, t. Portugal, in Estremadura, 37 m. S. S. W. Coimbra, 77 N. by E. Lisbon. Pop. 3,500. Leyta, isl. one of the Philippines, 95 miles long, by 38 broad. Lon. 124 40' E. Lat. 10 50' N. Leytha, r. in the S. E. of Germany, which joins an arm of the Danube near Altenburg, 9 m. W. Comorn. Lesai, t. France, in Deux-Sevres, 22 m. S. by E.Niort. Pop. 1,700. Lesat, t. France, in Arriege, 25 m. N. W. Mire- poix. Pop. 2,550. Liancourt, t. France, in Oise, 4 m. S. Clermont. Pop. 1,000. Libanus, a lofty mt. Syria, the Ancient Leba- non, so celebrated in scripture poetry. It runs nearly N. and S. from the vicinity of Tripoli to the borders of Palestine, and is distant from the sea about 30 or 40 miles. To the E. is a parallel chain, commonly called Antilibanus. The height of Li- banus is very considerable, the summit being cov- ered with snow for a great part of the year. A few specimens yet remain of those magnificent cedars, for which Lebanon was once so celebrated. Libau, s-p. Russia, in Courland, on the Baltic. It has a commodious harbor for small vessels. Pop. 5,000. 66 m. W. Mittau. Lon. 20 55' 20" E. Lat. 56 31' 36" N. Liberan, small isl. near the N. E. coast of Bor- neo. Lon. 116 8' E. Lat. 6 2' N. Liberty, t. Sullivan co. N. Y. on Delaware riy- er. Pop. 851. Liberty, t. Adams co. Pa. Pop. 1,027. Liberty, t. Columbia co. Pa. Pop. 1,146. Liberty,p-i. and cap. Bedford co. Va. 15 m. N. W. New-London, 35 E. S. E. Fincastle, 40 from Rocky mount. Liberty, co. Geo. on the coast, bounded N. by Bryan and Tatnall eos. S. by Mackintoih co. W. by the Alatamaha. Pop. 6,695. Slaves 5,037. Engaged in agriculture 3,191, in commerce 10, in manufactures 46. Chief town, Riceborough. Liberty, p-t. and cap. Amite co. Mississippi, 6-3 m. from Madiionville. 408 L I C Liberty, p-t. Smith co. Ten. 20 m. S. Carthage. Liberty, p-t. Casey co. Ken. Pop. in 1810, 78. Liberty, t. Adams co. Ohio. Pop. 1,148. Liberty, t. Butler co. Ohio, 6 m. E. Hamilton. Pop. 2,814. Liberty, t. Clinton co. Ohio, 7 m. N. Wilming- ton. Pop. 447. Liberty, t. Delaware to. Ohio. Pop. 550. Liberty, t. Fairfield co. Ohio, 10 m. N. Lancas- ter. Pop. 998. Liberty,i. Highland co. Ohio, in which is Hills- borough, the seat of justice for the county. Pop. 1,680. Liberty, t. Montgomery co. Ohio, 9m. W. Day- ton. Liberty, p-t. Trumbull co. Ohio, on Mahoning river, 8 m. S. E. Warren. Pop. 684. Liberty, t. Washington co. Missouri. Liberty-corner, p-v. Somerset co. N. J. Liberty-hall, p-v. Morgan co. Geo. Lib- rty-town, p-t. Frederick co. Md. 12 m. N. E. FrederJcktown, 46 fr. Washington. Libtthen, t. Hungary, 122 m. E. by N. Vienna. Pop. 1,360. Libobo, small isl. on the S. E. coast of Gilolo. Lon. 128 -25' E. Lat 10 48' S. Liboc.,':owits, t. Bohemia, on the Egra, 8 m. S. Leutmeritz. Pop. 1,100. Libourne, t. France, in Gironde, near the junc- tion of the Ille and the Dordogne, 20 m. N. E. Bordeaux. Lon. 5' 11" W. Lat. 44 55' 2" N. Pop. 8,000. Lick, t. Germany, in Upper Hesse, 42 m. N. E. Mentz. Pop. 1,900. Lichjield, city, Eng. in Staffordshire. It forms, along with Coventry, the see of a bishop, has an elegant cathedral, and hence derives its chief sup- port and importance, being principally inhabited by the dignitaries of the church, and a number of genteel families which this society attracts to the place. The cathedral is one of the noblest reli- gious edifices of the kingdom. The chief manu- factures of Lichfield are of horse-sheetings and sailcloth. It has long been famous for its excellent ale. It sends two members to parliament. 16m. N.Birmingham, 125 N. VV. London. Lon. 1 50' W. Lat. 52 41' N. Pop. 5,022. Lichtenau, in the electorate of Hesse, 15 m. S. E. Cassel. Pop. 1,100. There are several small places of the same name in Germany. It is also the name of one of the settlements of the Moravi- ans, in Greenland. Lichtcnfds, t. Bavarian States, on the Maine, 23 . N. N E. Bamberg. Pop. 1,650. Lichtenfeis, one of the settlements of the Mora- vian missionaries, on the coast of Greenland. In 1818, the congregation consisted of 318 persons. Licfttenstadt, t. Bohemia, 5 m. N. Carlsbad. Pop. 1,000. Lichtensteig, t. Switz. in St. Gall, 27 m. E. Zu- rich. Lirhtenstein, principality in the S. W. of Ger- many, lying between Tyrol, the Voralberg, and Switzerland. Sq. miles 55. Pop. 5,000. Liddenstf.in, t. Saxony, 42 m. S. Leipsic. Lichtenroorden, t. Netherlands, in Guelderland, 19 m. S E. Zutphen. Pop. 2,500. Lickiin, t. Russia, on the Oka, 28 m. S. Kaluga. Lon. 35 44' E. Lat. 54 N. Pop. 1,200. Lick, t. Jackson co. Ohio. Pop. 503. Licking, r. Kentucky, which falls into the Ohio, at Newport, after a course of more than 180 miles. It is navigable 70 miles. L I B Licking, r. Ohio, which joins the Muskingum. on the W. opposite Zanesville. Near its mouth extensive iron works are erected . JJrkingiCO. Ohio Sq. miles,TOO. Pop. 11,861. Engaged in agriculture 2,188, in commerce 9, in manufactures 449. Chief town, Newark. Licking, t. Licking co. Ohio. Pop. 723. Licking, t. Muskingum co. Ohio, 10 m. N. W. Zanesville. Pop. 7l<>. Licking-station, p-v. Floyd's co. Kentucky. Licky, r. Ireland, which runs into the Blackwa- ter, 4 m. \. Youghal. Liconda,s-p. Tripoli. Lon. 18 10' E. Lat. 30* 36' N. Liconia, p-v . Harrison co Indiana. Licosa, Cape, cape on the coast of Naples, in the gulf of Salerno. Lon. 15 50' E. Lat. 40 15' N. Lid, or Lyd, r. Eng. which falls into the Tamar, 4 m. fr. Tavistock. Lida, t. Russia, in Grodno, 196 m. E. S. E. Ko- nigsberg. Lon. 25 35' E. Lat. 53 52' N. Liddal, r. Scotland, which forms the boundary with England, four or five miles, till it joins the Esk. Lidford, v. Eng. in Devonshire, on the Lid. 8 m. from Oakhampton. Li.dhull,t Sweden, 60 m. S. Jonkioping. Lidkioping, t. Sweden, in West Gothland, 93m. S. W. Orebro. Lon. 12 52' E. Lat. 58 33' N. Pop. 1,550. Lido di Sottomarina, the most southern of the islands which separate the lagunes of Venice from the sea. It has a town of the same name, contain- ing 2,600 inhabitants. There is an embankment of freestone, 32 feet thick, to defend the coast next the Adriatic from the violence of storms ; but it is now partly gons to ruin. Lids, small isl. Denmark, in the Baltic. Lon. 11"20'E. Lat. 54 41' N. Liebau, t. Moravia. 14 m. N. E. Olmutz. Lon. 17 28' E. Lat 49 38' N. Pop. 800. Liebemuhl, t. East Prussia, 76 m. S. S. W. Ko- nigsberg. Pop. 1,050. Liebtn, v. Bohemia, on the Moldau, 5 m. N. E. Prague. Pop. 1,000. Litbenau, t. Hesse-Cassel, 30 m. W. Gottingen. Liebenwerda, t. Prussian Saxony, on the Schwarz Elster, 38 m. N. N. W. Dresden. Pop. 1,400. Lieberose, t. Prussian states, 64 m. N. by E. Dresden. Pop. 1,000. Liebstadt, t. W. Prussia, 48 m. W. S.W. Prenz- low. Pop. 1,400. Liechstall, t. Swiss canton of Bale, 9 m. S. E. Bale. Lon. 7 45' E. Lat. 47 33' N. Liege, province, Netherlands, in the S. E. part of the kingdom, surrounded by the Prussian prov- ince of the Lower Rhine, the grand dutcny of Luxemburg, and the province of Namur, South Brabant, and Limburg. Extent, 2,200 sq. miles. The aspect of the country is that of an undulating plain, except in the S. and E. where it is hilly and covered with extensive forests. Before the French revolution, this country was subject to the bishop of Liege, a member of the Germanic body. The revenue exceeded 100,000/. a year, and the bish- opric had a regular constitution ; but it is .now abolished, and the province is incorporated with the new kingdom of the Netherlands. Its inhabi- tants, amounting to 354,000, are for the most part Catholics. ', t. Netherlands, cap. of the preceding province, is on the Maese, in a pleasant valley, L I G surrounded with cultivated hills. The town is gloomy, and ill built. The inhabitants are ac- tively engaged in trade and manufactures. The principal products of the surrounding territory are coal, iron and alum ; also tobacco in consid- erable quantities. Liege has very extensive iron works ; and is particularly famous for its manu- factures of arms. The manufactures of clock- work are extensive ; those of nails employ in the town and neighborhood from 10,000 to 14,000 workmen. 14 m. S. S. W. Maestricht, 53 E. by S. Brussels. Lon. 5 31 E. Lat. 50 39' N. Pop. 50,000. Liegnils, an extensive government of Prussian Silesia. Extent, 4,100 sq miles. Pop. 506,000. The chief manufactures are of linen and woollen. Liegnits, t. Silesia, cap. of the government of the same name, at the confluence of the Katzbach, the Schwartzwasser, and the Neisse. Here is an academy with five professors. Liegnitz carries on a considerable trade in woollens ; also in mad- der. The population, including the suburb, is nearly 10,000. 39 m. W. by N. Bre?lau, 110 N. E. Prague. Lon 16 12' E. Lat. 51 12 N. Lien-tcheou, city, China, in the province of Quang-ton, on the gulf of Tunquin. Lon. 108 39' E. Lat. 21 40' N. Liens, or Luens, t. Austrian states, in the Tyrol, at the conflux of the Isola and Drave. Pop. 1,500. Lon. 12 45' E. Lat. 46 45' N. Lieou-kieou. See Loochoo. Lierre, t. Netherlands, at the junction of the two Nethes, 10 m. S. E. Antwerp. Lon. 4 37' E. Lat. 51" 9' N. Pop. 9,581. Liesna, or Lessno, v. Russia, in Mohilow, 40 m. N. by W. Czernigov. Liesse, Notre Dame, de, t. France, in Aisne, 7 m. E. N. E. Laon. Lieuray, or Lierry, t. France, in Eure, 7 m. S. Pont Audemer. Pop. 1,600. Liffdmatula, isl. in the Eastern seas, 28 miles long, and 6 broad. Lon. 126 18' E. Lat. 2 S. Liffey, r. Ireland, which rises in the mountains of Wicklow, and runs into the bay of Dublin. Its course is about 70 miles. It has falls near its mouth. Lifford, t. Ireland, in Donegal, on the Foyle, 2 m. W. Strabane, 11 S. S. W. Donegal; Lijfrc, t. France, in Ille-and-Vilaine, 9 m. N. E* Rennes. Pop. 2, 100. Ligne, t. Netherlands, in Hainault, on the Den- der, 15 m. N. W. Mons. Ligniere la Doucelle, t. France, in Mayenne, 12 m. N. Vilaine. Pop. 2,700. Lignieres, t. France, in Cher, 24 m. S. Bourges. Pop. 2,200. Ligny,t. France, in Meuse,on the Ornain,9 m. 3. E. Bar le Due. Lon. 5 18' E. Lat. 48 39' N. Pop. 2,850. Ligny, v. Netherlands, in Namur, the scene of a battle between the Prussians arid French, on the 16th June, 1815. 3 in. N. E. Fleurus, 11 W.N. W. Namur. Ligny le Chateau, t. France, in Yonne, 6 m. S. S. E. Florentin. P&p. 1,250. Ligonton, t. Amelia co. Va. 4 m. fr. Appomatox river. Ligor, Island of. See Tantalum. Ligore, t. Malay peninsula, subject to Siam. Lon. 100 35 r E. Lat. 8" 18' N. Ligre, t. France, in Indre-and-Loire, 6 m. S. by E. Chinon. Pop. 1,000. 52 L I M 409 Ligueil,i. France, in Indre-and-Loire, 21 m. S. Tours. Pop. 2,000. Lilians, t. France, in Somme, 18 m. E. Amiens. Likiang-fou, a city of Yunnan, in China, on the frontier of Thibet. Lon. 100 8'E. Lat. 26 52' N. Lila, s-p. Abyssinia, 48 m. S. S. E. Arkeeko. Lille. See Lisle. Lillers,t. France, in Pas-de-Calais, 6m. W. N. W.Bethune. Pop. 4, 100. Lillo, a small fortress, Netherlands, on the N. bank of the Scheldt, 9 m. N. W. Antwerp, 12 S. Bergen-op-Zoom. Lilly Point, p-v. King William co. Va. Lilundo. See Lelunda. Lima. See Ponle de Lima. Lima, r. which rises in Spanish Galicia, and crossing Portugal, enters the Atlantic in lat. 41 40' N. Lima, province, Peru, bounded N. by Truxillo, E. by Tarina and Guancavelica, W. by the Pacific, and S. by Arequipa. Lima, city, S. America, and cap. of the king- dom of Peru, also called Ciudad de los Reyes, or City of Kings, was founded in 1535, by Pizarro. It is situated in the spacious and delightful valley of Rimac, an Indian word, and the true name of the city itself. It is surrounded with a brick wall, flanked with 34 bastions, but without platforms or embrasure ; the intention of it being merely to in- close the city, and render it capable of sustaining any sudden attack of the Indians. The houses, though low, are generally commodious, and of a handsome appearance. They are constructed of wood, on account of the frequent earthquakes. The grand square in the middle of the city is of great extent and beauty. In the centre is a large and magnificent fountain. On its sides are the ca- thedral and the archbishop's palace, the viceroy's palace, the town-house and prison. The other principal buildings of the city are the churches and chapels, which are partly built of stone, and decorated in the most splended style with paint- ings and ornaments of the greatest value. The number of inhabitants in 1795, was 52,627, of whom about 20,000 were whites, and the rest ne- groes, indians, mulattoes, and mestizoes. Of the whites about 3,000 were monks and nuns. Lux- ury in dress, and a fondness for splendid retinues, constitute the prevailing passion of the inhabit- ants of Lima ; and the public walks and malls are always crowded with carriages. All classes are fond of fine clothing, and wear the richest stuffs of Europe as ordinary dresses. Lima, besides being the capital of Peru, has al- ways been the emporium of the kingdom. The principal exports are gold and silver. The Euro- pean goods in greatest request in Lima, and gen- erally in Peru, are silk, superfine cloth, lace, fine linen, and other articles of luxury and show. Cut- lery, and all instruments of iron are also in great request. Lima is about 2 leagues from the coast, and 30 from the Cordilleras. Lon. 77 7' 30'' W. Lat. 12 2' 34" S. Lima, or Charleston, p-t. Livingston co. N. Y. 16 m. W. Canandaigua, 30 E. Batavia, 224 from Albany. Pop. 1,963. Liman, r. Chili, which, after a course of 32 leagues, falls into the Pacific ocean, in lat. 30 32' S. Limay, t. France, in Seine-and-Oise, on the Seine, opposite Mantes. Pop. 1,550. 410 L I M Limbc, isl. in the Eastern seas, near the E. coast of Celebes. Lon. 125 10' E. Lat. 1 18' N. Limburg, province, Netherlands, in the S. E. part of the kingdom, bounded by Prussia and the provinces of Liege, South Brabant, Antwerp, and North Brabant. Extent, 1,500 sq. miles. Pop. 292,000. Its products are corn, pulse, tobacco, flax, and fruit. Its mines of coal are said to pro- duce annually about 150,000 tons. Maestricht is the capital. Limburg, t. Netherlands, in Liege, 18 m. E. by S. of Leige. Pop. 3,000. Limburg on the Lahn, 1. Germany, in Nassau, 32 m. N. Mentz. Lon. 8 3' E. Lat. 50 20' N. Pop. 2,700 Limburg, or Hohen- Limburg, t. Prussian states, 20 m W. Arensburg. Pop. 1,200. Lime, r. Eng. in Dorsetshire, which falls into the sea at Lyme Regis. Lime creek, p-v. Monroe co. Alabama. Limefiouse, parish, Eng. 2 m. E. London. Pop. 7,386. Limehouse River, r. Honduras, which runs into the bay of Honduras in Ion. 85 54' W. lat. 15 55' X. " Limekilns, s-p. Scotland, in Fifeshire. It ex- ports great quantities of coal. 3 m. S. Dunferm- line. Pop. 700. Limekiln, Bay, bay of the island of St. Christo- pher, 1 m. W. Basseterre. Limerick, co. Ireland, bounded N. by the river Shannon, which separates it from the county of Clare ; S. by Cork ; N. E. and E. by Tipperary ; W. by Kerry. Extent, 622,975 acres, or 970 sq. miles. The land is generally fertile, and pecu- liarly adapted for rearing sheep and other cattle. The flat grounds, which extend along the banks of the Shannon, are considered the richest and most fertile in Ireland. Pop. 250,000, of whom by far the greater proportion are Catholics. Limerick, city, Ireland, and cap. of Limerick county, on the Shannon, about 60 miles from its mouth. It is large, elegant, and populous, and justly reputed the third city in Ireland. The principal public buildings are the custom house, the cathedral, and the bishop's palace. It con- tains four Protestant churches, and eight chapels for the Roman Catholics. There is also an ex- tensive barrack for 22 companies of foot and four troops of horse. Limerick carries on manufac- tures of linen, woollen, and paper. Its export trade is also very considerable. It is a market for American produce. Its imports are rum, sugar, timber, tobacco, wine, bark, salt, and coals ; and it exports beef, pork, butter, hides, rapeseed, and yarn. Vessels of 300 tons burden may discharge their cargoes at the custom house. Being natu- rally a city of great strength, from its position in the river Shannon, it has always been deemed a place of considerable importance. The popula- tion is variously estimated from 50.000 to 60,000. 94 m. S. W. Dublin. Lon. 8 31' W. Lat. 52 36' N. Limerick, p-t. York co. Maine, 35 m. N. York, 30 N. W. Portland. It contains a flourishing academy, and 2 houses for public worship, 1 for Congregationalists, and 1 for Baptists. Here are several mills erected on a branch of Ossapee river. Pop. 1,377. Limerick, t. Montgomery co. Pa. on the Schuyl- kill, 4m. below Pott's grove. Pop. in 181.1. Limesol) s-p. Cyprus. The country around L I N abounds in vineyards. Lon. 32 30' E. Lat. 34 45' N. Limestone, t. Columbia co. Pa. Pop. 426. Linn stone, co. Alabama, on the N side of Ten- nessee river. Pop 9,871 ; slaves 2,919; engaged in agriculture 2,580, in commerce 34, in manufac- tures 63. Chief town, Cotton Port. Limestone creek, r. Tennessee, the N. E. branch of Nolachucky river. Limestone valley, the valley between the Blue Ridge, and Alleghany range of mountains in Vir- ginia. Limeuil, t. France, at the conflux of the Vezer- re and the Dordogne, 9 m S. Perigueux. Pop. 850. Liminglon, p-t. York co. Maine, on Saco river, 40 m. N. Saco. Pop. 2,122. Limmat, r. Switzerland, which rises in the Alps, about 1 1 m. S. of G laris, passes through the lake and town of Zurich, and afterwards falls into the Aar. Limme, t. Eng. in Cheshire, 7 m. N. W. Neth- er Knutsford. Pop. 1,908. Limoeiro, t. Brazil, on the Capibaribe, 60 m. N. E. Pernambuco. Limuges, t. France, in Upper Vienne, on the right bank of the Vienne, 1 10 m. N. E. Bourdeaux, and 150 S. by W. Paris. Lon. 1 15' E. Lat. 45 U 49 ' N. Pop. 20,255. Limogne, t. France, in Lot, 17 m. E. Cahors. Pop. 1,200. Limona de la Trou, t. Hispaniola, 10 m. S. E. Cape Franeois. Limone, t. Piedmont, 6 m. N. N. E. Tenda, 10 S. Coni. Pop. 3, 100. Limonts, Punta, cape on the N. coast of Cuba. Lon. 75 50' W. Lat. 21 25' N. Limosani, t. Naples, 17 m. N. E. Molise. Pop. 2,400. Limours, t. France, in Seine-and-Oise, 16 m. S. W. Paris. Pop. 900. Limousin, or Limosin, before the revolution a province of France, which now forms the depart- ment of the Upper Vienne and the Correze. Limoux, t. France, in Aude, on the river Aude. 15 m. S. W. Carcassonne. Pop. 5,200. Linacagan, isl. one of the Calamianes. Lon. 120 10' E. Lat. 1140'N. Linais, t France, in Upper Vienne, 16 m. S. E. Limoges. Pop. 1,500. Linan, r. Wales, which runs into the Irish sea, 5 m. S. Caernarvon. Linares, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 26 m. N. by E. Jaen. Pop. 5,650. Linchanchia, t. Yucatan, 25 m. N. Merida. Lincoln, a maritime county, Eng. on the E. coast, between the estuaries of the Humber and the Wash. It is bounded E. by the German ocean, N. by the river Humber, W. by York, Notting- ham, and Leicester, and S. by Rutland, Northamp- ton, and Cambridge. Extent, 2,787 sq. miles, or 1,783,680 acres. Throughout the whole of the eastern half of the county the land is uniformly low, marshy, and fenny. The fens were former- ly inundated by the sea, but being protected by great embankments, form now one of the richest tracts in the kingdom. The drainage of them has been in a great measure accomplished within the last 40 or 50 years; it is still going on, and is per- haps one of the greatest works ever undertaken la- the kingdom. Mr. Young reckons, that for 30 years previous to 1808, not less than 150,000 acres had been recovered. The fertility of the improv- L I N ,h falls into the Rhine above Wesel. Orders were ? i ve n (July, 1819), to make it navigable by means of sluices, to Pa- derborn. Lippt Detmold, principality, Germany, on the left bank of the Weser, between th* Prussian States and the kingdom of Hanover. Extent, 434 square miles. Pop. 73,000, chiefly Calvinists. Lippenhuiczen, v. Holland, in Friesland, 17 m. S.E. Leeuwarden. Pop. 950. Lippspring, t Prussian States, 4m. N. Pader- born. Pop. 800. Lippstadt, t. Prussian States, on the Lippe, 38 m. S. E. Munster. Pop. 3,700. Lipsk, t. Russia, in Minsk, 28 m. W. S. W. Sluck. Pop. 1,000. L I S Liplau, or Lipto-Varmcgye, a palatinate in the N. of Hungary. The chief town is Szent-Miklos. Pop. 64,000. Lire, Vieille, and Nouvelle, two towns, France, in Eure, 14 m. N. W. Verneuil. Liria, t. Spam, in Valencia, 20 m. N. N. W. Va- lencia. Pop 9,000. Lix. r. A. Russia, which falls into the Yenisei, in Ion. 90 14' E. lat. 62" 20' N. Lisbon, the capital of Portugal, is on the N. bank of the Tagus, which here expands into a fine body of water, 9 miles in breadth. The appear- ance of Lisbon at a distance is extremely beauti- ful, picturesque, and majestic. But the interior of the city ill corresponds to its external beauty. Lisbon lies along the river, in the form ol a half- moon, four miles in length, and from a mile to a mile and a half in breadth. It is unfortified, and, open on all sides. It is divided into three parts, called Alfama, Bairro Alto, and Melo. It has also three suburbs, to which may be added Belern, a pleasant town immediately adjoining Lisbon on the west. Belem enjoys in its upper part a pure air and delightful prospect. It has in consequence long been the residence of the court. Lisbon stands on three hills, the most westerly of which begins at a small river, flowing between the city and Belem. The number of public buildings in Lisbon is very considerable, there being in all 40 parish churches, 99 chapels, 75 convents or mo- nasteries, and various hospitals. There are also thirteen squares, great and small. But of archi- tectural curiosities, the greatest is the aqueduct, which, though not half a mile in length, passes in one part through a tunnel, in another across a de- file. It is to the north of the city, and is partly of Roman, partly of Gothic architecture ; the prin- cipal arch is Gothic, of the width of 107 feet, and is accounted one of the finest specimens of the kind in Europe. It is of such solidity, that at the great earthquake it withstood the shock, though the key- stone sunk several inches. The earthquake of November 1st, 1755, the most violent in modern times, destroyed all the public buildings, and 6,000 of the dwelling houses. The loss of lives was computed at more than. 30,000. Lisbon is the seat of the public offices not only of the government, but of the church. It is well provided with hospitals. The royal hos- pital, called St Joseph, is an excellent institution. The number of patients admitted in a year amounts frequently to 12,000 or 15,000. The commerce of Lisbon is very great, comprising all the colonial, and perhaps three-fourths of the for- eign trade of the kingdom. The harbour is un- commonly capacious and safe. With Spain a great deal of smuggling takes place in sugar, tobacco, and spices. 313 m. W. by S. Madrid, 9 E. of the mouth of the Tagus. Lon. 9 8' 25" W. Lat. 38" 42' 20" N. Pop. 230,000. Lisbon, p-t. Lincoln co. Maine, on the Andros- coggin, 23 m. W. Wiscasset. Pop. 2,240. Lisbon, p-t. New-London co. Ct on the Quine- baug, 7 m. N. Norwich, 45 S. E. Hartford. Pop. 1,159. Lisbon, p-t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. on the riv- er St. Lawrence, 3 m. below Ogdensburg. Pop. 930. Lisbon, t. Lincoln co. Geo. on Savannah river, at the junction of Broad river. Lisbon, t. Clark co. Ohio. Lisburn, t. Ireland, in Antrim co. on the W. L I S bank of the Lagan, 7 m. S. S. W. Belfast, 16 N. N. W. Downpatrick. Lisburn, p-v. Cumberland co. Pa. Lisburn, Cape, cape, on the island of Spiritu Santo, one of the New Hebrides. Lon. 166 57' E. Lat. 1541'S. Lisburn, Cape, cape on the N. W. coast of America. Lat. 69 5' N. Lisca Bianco, the smallest of the Lipari islands, 10 m. N. E. Lipari. Lisianka,t. Eu. Russia, in Kiev, 1 12 m. S. Kiev. Pop. 2,750. Lisieux, t. France, in Calvados, on the Orbec and the Gassey. It is 14 m. from the English chan- nel, 30 E. Caen, and 116 W. N. W. Paris. Lon.O 14 E. Lat. 49 9' N. Pop. 10,200. Liskeard, t. Eng. in Cornwall, 17 m. S. W. Ta- vistock 222 W. by S. London. Lon. 4 27' W. Lat. 5027'N. Pop. 1,975. Liskova, t. Eu. Russia, on the Wolga, 34 m. E. Niznei-Novgorod. Lisle, or Lille, city, France; cap. of the depart- ment of the North, on the Deule. Lisle, like most towns of Flanders, stands in a dead flat, the soil of which is rich and productive. Lisle presents an imposing appearance, from its extent, its fortifica- tions, its canals, its squares, and its public build- ings. Few cities of France, can vie with it in the straightness and width of its streets, the regularity of its buildings, and its general air of neatness. Lisle is a fortress of the first rank. Its citadel, the chef d' ceuvre of Vauban, is the first in Europe after that of Turin. It is a mile in circuit, and is situated to the N. W. of the town, from which it is separated by a spacious esplanade and a canal It is surrounded by a double moat. Though distant from the sea. the trade of Lisle is extensive. Its manufactures consist of camlets, serges, and other woollen stuffs ; cotton, calico, linen, silk, velvet, lace, carpets, soap, starch, tobacco, leather, glass, and earthenware. 18 m. E. Tournay, 145 N. N. E. Paris. Lon. 3 4' E. Lat. 50 37 ' N. Pop. in 1817,61,500. Lisle, t. France, in Vaucluse, 12 m E. Avignon. Lon. 5 E. Lat. 43 55' N. Pop. 5,200. Lisle, t. France, in Dordogne, 12 m. N. W. Pe- rigeux. Pop. 1,250. Lisle, p-t. Broomeco. N. Y. 15 m. N. Bingham- ton, 1 20 from Albany. Pop. 3,083. Lismore, one of the Hebrides or Western isl- ands, on the coast of Scotland, 10 miles long, and from 1 to 2 broad, in the mouth of Loch Lynhee, nearly opposite the S. extremity of Mull sound, 25 m. N. N. W. Inverary. Lon. 5 35' W. Lat. 56 34' N. Pop. 1,323. Lismore, t. Ireland, in Waterford co. on the S. bank of the Blackwater. It is the see of a bishop. 26 m. N E. Cork, 31 W. S. W. Waterford. Lon. 7 57' W. Lat. 52 8- N. Lisonza, r. Austrian Italy, in Friuli, which falls into the gulf of Trieste. Lissa, t. Prussian Poland, near the borders of Silesia. Of the 7,600 inhabitants, the half are Jews. 44 m. S. S. W. Posen, 65 W. Kalisch. Lon. 16 35' E. Lat. 51 55' N. Lissa, isl. in the gulf of Venice, uear the coast of Austrian Dalmatia, W. of Lessina. It is moun- tainous and thinly peopled, but produces wine, ol- ives, almonds and figs. It has a good harbour and an extensive fishery. 56 m. W. Ragusa. Lon. 17 E. Lat. 42 59* N. Lissa, t. Silesia, on the Weistritz, 7 m. W. N. W. Breslau. L I T 413 Lissabatta, t. on the N. coast of Ceram. Lon. 128 44' E. Lat. 2 55' S. Lissau, or Lissa, t. Bohemia, near the Elbe, 17 miles E. by N. Prague. Pop. 2,100. Listvennischna, t. A. Russia, in Irkoutsk, 176 m. E. N. E. Nertschinsk. Lisy, t. France, in Seine-and-Marne, 9 m. N. E. Meux. Pop. 1,200. Lisska, t. Hungary, on the Bodrog. Lon. 21* 26' 17" E. Lat. 48 14' 26" N. Litchjield, p-t. Lincoln co. Maine, 25 m. N. W. Wiscasset, 10 from Hallowell. Pop. 2,120. Litchjield, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H. on the Merrimack, 26 m. S. Concord. Pop. 465. Litchjield, co. Ct. bounded N. by Massachusetts, E. by Hartford co. S. by New-Haven and Fairfield cos. and W. by New- York. Pop. 41,267. En- gaged in agriculture 8,347, in commerce 251, in manufactures 2,682. Litchjield, p-t. and cap. of Litchfield co. Ct. 30 m. W. Hartford ; 38 N N. W. New-Haven. Lon. 73 15' W. Lat. 41 42' N. Pop. 4,610. It is an elevated township ; Mount Tom, near the S. W. corner, is 700 feet above the river at its base. Litchfield Great pond, the largest in the State, is a beautitul sheet of water, comprising an area of about 900 acres. At its outlet, are numerous val- uable mill -seats. There are in Litchfield 4 forges, 1 slitting-mill, 1 nail manufactory, 18 saw-mills, 6 fulling mills, 5 large tanneries, besides several other manufacturing establishments. There are 8 houses of public worship ; 4 for Congregation- alists, 3 for Episcopalians, and 1 for Baptists. la the Society of South Farms is Morris Academy, a flourishing institution, established in 1790. The Latin and Greek languages are taught at this sem- inary, and particular attention is paid to the mor- als of the students. Litchfield village, incorporated in 1818, is pleas- antly situated along the summit of a hill, com- manding an extensive and delightful prospect. It contains a court-house, a jail, a bank, 2 meeting- houses, and 84 dwelling-houses. Here, also, is a private school for young ladies, which maintains a very distinguished reputation. The Litchfield Law School was established in 1784, by the Hon. Tapping Reeve. In 1798, the Hon. James Gould wa? associated as a joint instructor. This has been justly considered as the most respectable and systematic law school in the United States. The number of students educated since its establish- ment is more than 600. Litchjield,^. Herkimer co. N. Y. 10 miles S. W. Herkimer, 10 S. Utica. Pop. 1,729. Litchjield, p-t. Gray son co. Ken. Lithuania, the former name of an extensive country, between Poland and Prussia, and now forming the three Russian governments of Wilna, Grodno, and Minsk. It was divided into two parts, called Samogitia and Lithuania proper. Li- thuania was annexed to Poland towards the end of the 14th century. Litiz, p-t. in Warwick township, Lancaster co. Pa. on a branch of Connestoga creek, 8 m. N. Lancaster, 66 W. by N. Philadelphia. It is set- tled by Moravians, and contains about 300 inhab- itants, a church and an academy. Litry, t. France, in Calvados, 6 m. S. W. Ba- yeux. Littau, t. Moravia, 8 m. N. N. E. Olmutz. Lon. 16 59' E. Lat. 59 28 N. Pop. 2,200. Litlermore, isl. near the W. coast of Ireland, Lon. 9 40f W. Lat. 53 17' N. 414 L I V Little bearer, r. which rises in Ohio, and joins Ohio river in Pennsylvania, after a S. E. course of 30 miles. Little beaver bridge, p-v. Columbiana co. Ohio. Little Britain, t. Lancaster co. Pa. Pop. 2,169. Little Cape Capon, p-v. Hampshire co.. Va. Little Compton, p-t. Newport co. R. I. on the coast, 30 m. S. E. Providence. Pop. 1,580. Little creek, t. Kent co. Del. Pop. 1,963. Little creek, t. Sussex co. Del. Pop. 2,851. Little falls, p-v in Herkimer, N Y. There is a canal round Little falls in the Mohawk, at this place. Little Mackinaw, r. Illinois, which now runs into the E. side of Illinois river, 15 m. below Fort Clark. It is navigable 90 miles. Little Missouri, t. Arkansas Territory, on Lit- tle Missouri river, a S. branch of the Wachitta. Little Plymouth, p-v. King-and-Queen co. Va. Little Rtd rirer. See Red river. Little rest, p-v. in South Kingston, and cap. of Washington co. R. I. It contains a court-house, a bank, and a Congregational church. Litte river, r. which rises in \. C. and runs into the Pedee. It forms part of the boundary between N. Carolina and S. Carolina. Little river, r. Geo. which runs into the Savan- nah 30 m. above Augusta. Little river, r. Geo. which runs into the Oconee about 12 m. above Milledgeville. Little river, r. Christian co. Ken. which runs into the E. side of the Cumberland. Little nver, r. Indiana, which runs into the Wa- bash, above Vincennes. Little rock, the seat of government of Arkansas territory, is en the N. bank of the Arkansas, where the first hills occur in ascending the river. The land here is elevated 150 or 200 feet above the lev- el of the river, and has good springs of water. The great road from St. Louis to the Wachitta and Natchitoches passes through this place. The set- tlement was commenced in 1820. Here is a print- ing-office from which a newspaper is issued. 300 m. from the mouth of the Arkansas, 130 below Dwight, 50 from the Wachitta. Little Sandy Salt-works, p-v. Greenup co. Ken. Littlestown, t. Adams co. Pa. Pop. in 1810, 287. Littleton, p-t. Grafton co. N. H. on Connecticut river, 75 m. N. Concord (the capital.) Pop. 1,096. Here is a bridge across the river to Concord. Littleton. See Waterford, Vt. Littleton, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. 28 m. W. N. W. Boston. Pop. 955. Littleton, p-t. Sussex co. Va. Littleton's Island, small isl. in the Florida stream. Lon. 81" 40' W. Lat. 24 42' N. Little valley, t. Cataraugus co. N. Y. Pop. 484. Littorah, a district of Dalmatia, on the N. coast, including the towns of Trieste, Fiume, Buccari, and Porto Re, with their dependencies. It now forms a considerable part of the government of Trieste, in the new kingdom oflllyria. Livadia, province, Eu. Turkey, bounded by Al- bania and Thessaly on the N. by the isthmus of Corinth on the side of the Morea, and in other di- rections by the sea. It comprises the most cele- brated and interesting portion of ancient Greece. Liradia, t. Greece, cap. of the foregoing prov- ince, is E. of Mount Helicon, 15 m. from the gulf of Lepanto, 50 N. W. Athens, and 85 S. S. E. Larissa. Lon. 23 20' E. Lat. 38" 30' N. Pop. 10,000. L I V Lii'adostro, s-p. Turkey, in Livadia, on the gulf of Lepanto, 30m. W. N. W. Athens. Livarot, t. France, in Calvados, 9 m. S. S. W. Lisieux. Pop. 1,200. Livaudiere, seigniory, Hertford co. Lower Can- ada, 12 m. S. E. Quebec. Linlnm.. t. Russia, 40 m. N. E. Jaroslavl. Lon. 40 5(f E. Lat. 58 55' N. Pop. 1,500. Livenza, r. Austrian Italy, which flows into the gulf of Venice. - Liverdun, t. France, inMeurtht, on the Moselle, Pop.- 1,000 Livermore, p-t. Oxford co. Maine, on the An- droscoggin, 18m. N. E. Paris, 78 from Portland. Pop. 2,174. Liverpool, s-p. Eng. in Lancashire, the princi- pal commercial tewn in the British dominions ex- cept London, is situated near the mouth of the Mersey, which opens to it a ready access from the western sea, while a great system of canal navi- gation affords an inland communication with all parts of England. The Mersey affords an excel- lent anchorage for any number of vessels of any burden. The town extends along the E. bank of the river about three miles, and, at an average, about a mile inland. On the W. side of it, lie the docks, which, with the wharfs, ware-houses, &c. extend in an immense range along the bank of the river. On the other side, the town is prolonged into numerous suburbs, consisting of villas and country houses. The houses are built of brick, and covered with slate. The streets are mostly spacious and airy, some of them elegant, and the greater part lighted with gas from coal. The buildings are in a style of costly elegance and splendour, suitable to the taste and opulence of its inhabitants. The principal of these are the town-hall, exchange buildings, corn exchange, lyceum, athenaeum, Wellington-rooms, infirmary, work-house, blue-coat school, dispensary, and asy- lum for the blind. There are at present twenty churches belonging to the establishment ; a greater number of chapels belonging to various denomina- tions of dissenters ; with 4 Roman Catholic cha- pels, a meeting-house for quakers, and a Jews* synagogue. The charitable institutions are nu- merous and well conducted. Among the literary establishments are the royal Liverpool institution, opened in 1 817. The funds were raised by a sub- scription of 30,000/. in 100/. shares. The Botanic garden was established in 1801, by public sub- scription, at an expense of about 10,000/. The exchange buildings were erected in 1803, at an expense of upwards 100,OOOZ. They are, perhaps, the most splendid structure ever raised in modern times for purposes purely commercial. The fortunate situation in which Liverpool is placed, has given to its commercial career an im- pulse unknown to any other city in the old world. The most important branch of commerce is the trade with Ireland, whence is annually imported from 2,300 to 2,500 cargoes of provisions, grain, &c. for the supply of Liverpool and its shipping, Manche?trr, and other populous places in the neighbourhood; and, in return, are trans-shipped salt, coals, earthen ware, &c. The second branch of commerce is with the U. S. of America. Of this commerce, cotton forms the chief article, which may be termed the staple trade of Liverpool. In this branch, Liverpool far excels all other ports in the kingdom. The amount of cotton im- ported, in 1818, into Liverpool, was 423,120 kales ; London, 186,700 ; Glasgow, 48,000 ; L I V ether ports, 6,700. The trade of Liverpool to other parts of the globe is very great, and rapidly increasing ; and the opening of the out-ports to the East India trade will probably be an important era in her commercial history. The most remarkable feature in the port of Liverpool, and for which it is distinguished from all other ports in Great Britain, is the convenience it presents in the construction and arrangements of the docks. The whole area covered by the va- rious docks and basins, when complete, will be 77 acres. The number of vessels which paid dock duties in 1813 was 5,341, measuring 547,426 tons ; and the amount of duties paid was 50,1772. In 1819 the number of vessels had increased to 7.849, measuring 867,3 18 tons, and paying 110,127/. The manufactures of Liverpool are chiefly those eonnected with shipping, or the consumption of the inhabitants. The city sends two members to parliament. The population has regularly and rapidly in- ereased for more than a century. In 1700 it was nly 5.000 ; in 1760, 26,000 ; in 1790, 56,000 ; in 1801, 77,653 ; in 1811, 94,376, exclusive of 7000 sailors, and the inhabitants in villages nearly con- nected with the town ; making, in the whole, probably 120,000. The town and shipping are supplied with ex- cellent water, from springs in the vicinity, through iron pipes, laid through all the streets. It is 17m. N. Chester, 37 VV. Manchester, 50 S. Lancaster, 103 N. by W. Birmingham, 206 N. W. London. Lon. 2 59' W. Lat. 5325'N. Liverpool, t. New South Wales, on George's river, 18 m. from Sydney. The river empties itself into Botany bay and is navigable to the town by boats of 20 tons burden. Pop. 200. Liverpool, t. Queen's co. Nova Scotia, 32 m. N. E. Shelburne, 58 N. W. Halifax. Liverpool, p-v. in Salina, Onondaga co. N. Y. on the E. Shore of Onondaga lake, 3 m. from the village of Salina. Liverpool, p-t. Cumberland co Pa. Liverpool, p-t. Medina co. Ohio, on Rocky riv- er, 15 m. from its entrance into Lake Erie, and 15 from Cleveland. Pop. 179. Here are salt works. Liversedge, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 6 m. N. N. E. Huddersfield. Pop. 3,643. Livesly, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 2^ m. S. S. W. Blackburn. Pop. 1,126. Livingston, v. Scotland, in Linlithgow, 14 m. W. Edinburgh. Livingston, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Monroe co. E. by Ontario co. S. by Steuben and Alleghany oos. W; by Genesee co. Pop. 18,444. Livingston, p-t. Columbia co. N. Y. on the Hud- son, 10 m. below Hudson, 40 below Albany. Pop. 1,938. Livingston, t, Essex co. Md. Pop. 1,056. Livingston, co. Ken. on the Ohio. Pop. 5,824 ; slaves 1,020; engaged in agriculture 1,270, in commerce 12, in manufactures 40. Chief town, Smithland. Livingston, t. Pickaway co. Ohio, 3 m. S. E. Circleville. Livingston's cretk, r. N. C. which runs into the \V. side of the N. W. branch of Cape Fear river. Livni, t. Eu. Russia, in Orel, 95 m. E. Orel. Lon. 38 22' E. Lat. 52 58' N. Pop. 5,600. Livonia, a maritime province in the N. W. of Eu. Russia, bounded by Esthonia on the N. and by Courland on the S. Area, 21,000 sq. miles. Pop. only 600,000. It consists of a vast tract of L L A 415 level country, interspersed with numerous marsh- es, and several hundred lakes. The export of corn is considerable. The lower ranks in Livo- nia live in a state of great degradation. Edicts have lately been issued to lessen their vassalage. Livonia, p-t. Livingston co. N. Y. 20 in. S. W. Canandaigua. Pop. 2,427. Livorne, t. Piedmont, on the Po, 4 m. N. Cres- centino. Pop. 3,600. Livron, t. France, in Drome, 10 S. Valence. Pop. 2, 100. Ljusna, r. Sweden, which falls into the gulf of Bothnia, 8 m. S. Soderhanun. Liusterno, isl. Sweden, in the Baltic. Lon. 18" 30' E. Lat. 59 30' N. Liutzin, t. Eu. Russia, in Vitepsk, 72 m. N. N. W. Polotsk. Lixin, or Lixheim, t. France, in Meurthe, 9 m, W.Saverne. Pop. 1,000. Lixuri, t. Cefalonia, 12m. W . Cefalonia. Pop. 6,000. Lizard Island, one of the Direction islands, about 240 miles in circumference, 20 m. N. E. Cape Flattery. Lizard Point, the S. promontory of England, 282 m. S. W. London. Lon. 5 11' 17" VV. Lat. 49 57' 55" N. Lizaut, t. France, in Vienne, near the Charente, 28 m. S. Poitiers Pop. 1,500. Llanbadarn, Fawr, t. Wales, in Cardigan, on the Rheidal, 203 m. N. W. London. Pop. 5,258. Llandeilo, Fawr, t. Wales, 13m. E. Caermar- then. Lon. 3 59' W. Lat. 51 53' N. Pop. 776. Llandovery, t. Wales, in Caermarthen co. 20 m. W. by N. Brecon. Lon. 3 44' W. Lat. 52 N. Pop. 1,442. Llandrindod, v. Wales, in Radnor co. noted for its mineral springs. 7 m. N. Builth. Llanelly, t. Wales, in Caermarthen co. on the sea-coast, at the mouth of the Bury. 16 m. S.'E. Caermarthen. Lon. 4 8' W. Lat. 51 41' N. Pop. 3,891. Llanerchymedd, t. Wales, in the island of An- glesey, 11 m. E. Holyhead. Lon. 1 21' W. kat. 53 20' N. Llanes, harbor, on the north coast of Spain, in Burges, 6 m. W. St. yincent's. Llanfair, t. Wales, in Montgomery co. 14 m. N. Newton. Lon.320'W Lat. 52 39 N. Pop. 1,855. Llanfyllin, t. Wales, in Montgomery co. 24 m. W. Shrewsbury. Lon. 3 16' W. Lat. 53 45' N. Pop. 1,508. Llangaddock, t. Wales, in Caermarthenshire, 22 m. from Brecon. Pop. 1,964. Llangollen, t. Wales, in Denbigh co. 12 m. N. W. Oswestry. Lon. 3 9' W. Lat. 52i 28' N. Pop. 1,400. Llangyndiern, t. Wales, in Caermarthenshire, 226 m. W. by N. London. Pop. 2,112. Llanidloes, t. Wales, in Denbighshire, on the Severn, 13 m. S. W. of Newton. Lon. 3 31' W. Lat. 52 27' N. Pop. 2,386. Llanpeter, or Lampeter, t. Wales, 27 m. E. Car- digan. A college for the education of indigent stu- dents of the established church is about to be erec- ted here, and 15,000 have been collected for the purpose. Lon. 4 4' W. Lat. 52 8' N. Pop. 692. Llanrwst, t. Wales, in Denbighshire, on the Conway, 12 m S. of Aberconway. Lon. 3 47' W . Lat. 53" 47' N. Pop. 2,502. Llansteplian Point, cape on the S. coast of Wales, in the Bristol channel, at the mouth of the river Towy. Lon. 4 25' W. Lat. 51 48' N. 416 LOB Llantrissent, t. Wales, in Glamorgan co. 1 1 m. N. W. Cardiff. Lon. 3 30' VV. Lat 51 U 33' N. Pop. 2,129. LlanriUing, t. Wales, in Montgomeryshire, 15 m. fr. Montgomery. Pop. 1,508. Llanymyiiech, v. Y> ales, in Merionethshire, 9i m. fr. Welch Pool. Llercna, t. Spanish Estremadura, 63 m. N. Se- ville. Lon. 5 59' W. Lat. 38 7' N. Pop. 7,300. Llinia, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 6 m. N. E. Puy- cerda. Llobregat, two considerable rivers of Spain, in Catalonia, which fall into the Mediterranean, the one near Barcelona, and the other near Rosas. Lloyd's, p-v. Essex co. Va. Lloyd'' s Lake, bay on the S. coast of Florida. Lon. 80' 50' W. Lat. 25 18' N. Loyd"s neck, a peninsula, N. Y. on the N. shore f Long Island, forming the west side of Hunting- ton bay. Lluch Mayor, t. Majorca, 15 m. E. S. E. Palma. Pop. 5,250. Llulia and Chiloas, a district of Peru, to the east of Chachapoyas. The capital, Mayobainba, is 300 m. N. of Lima, in Ion. 76 56' W. lat. 7 S. Llywor, or Lychwr, borough, Wales, in Gla- morganshire, 212 m. W. London. Pop. 764. Loa, port, Peru, in lat. 21 30' S. Loando, or Loando St. Paul's, the capital of the Portuguese settlements on the coast of Angola, m Africa. It is neither walled nor fortified. Lon. 13 22' E. Lat. 8 55' S. Loando, isl. Africa, opposite the city of Loando, 20 miles long and one broad. Lat. 8 40' S. Loango, country, W. Africa, N. of the river Zaire or Congo. Its limits are somewhat vague. In the widest extent, it stretches from Cape St. Catharine to the Zaire, a coast of upwards of 400 miles. The climate is said to be very fine. It is never subject to hurricanes, nor even to violent winds. The soil is in general very fertile. The lakes and rivers abound with fish, and the forests with game. These gifts of nature are very little improved by an indolent people. The inhabit- ants are not supposed by Degrandpre to exceed 600,000. The government is despotic, and the dignity is transmitted only in the female line. The object for which, almost exclusively, Euro- peans have resorted to this coast, is the trade in slaves. Loango, city of, capital of the kingdom of Loan- go. The land in the vicinity is extremely fertile, and the water excellent. The entrance of the bay of Loango is attended with danger, in conse- quence of a bank of rocks stretching half way across it. According to captain Tuckey's observa- tions, it is in Ion. 12 30' E. lat. 4 40' S. Pop. about 15,000. Loano, or Lovano, t. Sardinian states, on the gulf of Genoa, 35 m. S. W. Genoa Pop. 3,500. Lobau, or Liebe, t. Saxony, 13 m. S. E. Bautzen. Pop. 2,400. Lobau, isl. in the Danube, a few miles below Vienna. Lobau, t. West Prussia, 44 m. E. Culm. Pop. 1,300. Lobeda, t. Saxe-Weimar, on the Saale, 3 m. S. Jena. Pop. 1,000. Lobegun, t. Prussian Saxony, 29 m. N. by W. Leipsic. Pop. 1,800. Lo'jenstcin, t. Germany, 26 m. N. Bayreuth. Pop. 2,700. L O C Lobnilz, v. Prussian Saxony, 20 in. N. by K. Leipsic. Lobos, one of the Canary islands, near the N. point of Forte ventura. Lon. 13" 40> W. Lat. 28 50' \. Lobos, small isl. S. America, at the mouth of the La Plata river, 15 m.S. W. Cape St. Maria. Lon. 54" 35' W. Lat. 35 1' 3. Lobos, islands near the coast of Peru. Lat. 6 25' S. They are also called Sea Wolves, or Seals Islands. Lobos Key, or Seal Key, small isl. among the Bahamas. Lon. 77 44' W. Lat. 22 45' N. Lobsens, or Lobsenico, t. West Prussia, 57 m. W. N. W. Thorn. Pop. 2,000. Loburg, t. Prussian Saxony, 22 m. E. Magde- burg. Pop. 1,600. Locana, t. Piedmont, 23 m. N. W. Turin. Pop. 5,000. Locarno, one of the Italian bailiwicks, ceded to Switzerland by the duke of Milan in 1512, on the N. W. coast of Lake Maggiore. Pop. nearly 20,000. Locarno, cap. of the Swiss canton of the Ticino, situated near Lake Maggiore, 23 m. S W. Chia- venna. Lon. 8 35' E. Lat. 45 39' N. Pop. 1,500. Lochabcrji district of Scotland, in Inverness-shire. It is one of the most dreary, mountainous, and barren districts in Scotland. Lochaber,t. York co. Lower Canada, on Otta- wa river. Lochar Water, r. Scotland, in Dumfries-shire, which falls into the Solway frith, near Black- shaws. Lochem, t. Netherlands, in Guelderland, on the Borkel, 10 m. E. Zutphen. Pop. 1,400. Loches, t. France, in Indre-and-Loire, 21 m. S. S. W. Tours. Lon. 34' E. Lat. 47 7' N. Pop. 4,500. Lochmaben, royal burgh, Scotland, in Dumfries- shire 8i m. N. E. Dumfries. Lochrusbeg, bay on the W. coast of Ireland. Lon. 8 23' W. Lat. 54 46' N. Lochta, t. Sweden, on the gulf of Bothnia, 29 m. S. Tornea. Lon. 24 16' E. Lat. 64 20' N. Lochmtza, t.Eu. Russia, in Poltava,! 12 m. S.E. Czernigov. Pop. 4,500. Lochwinnoch, v. Scotland, in Renfrewshire, 4 m. E. Kilbirnie. Lochy, r. Scotland, in Perthshire, which falls into the W. end of the Loch Tay. Lochy, r. Scotland,in Inverness-shire,which falls into the sea near Fort William. Lockartsburg. See Athens, Pa. Lockem, v. Hanover, 9 m. N. W. Hanover. Pop. 1,100. Lockenits, t. Prussia, in Brandenburg, 16 m. N. Prentzlow. Lockerbie,^. Scotland, in Dumfries-shire, 12 m. N. E. Dumfries. Pop. 900. Locke, p-t Cayuga co. N. Y. 23 m. S. E. Au- burn Pop. 2,559. Lockport, v. in Royalton, Niagara co. N. Y. on the Erie canal, which here crosses the mountain ridge. The settlement was begun in 1821, and within 5 months 50 buildings were erected, the number of inhabitants was 337, and, a printing office was established from which a weekly news- paper is issued. 296 m. W. Albany. Lockwood, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 2 m. S.W. Hud- dersfield. Pop. 1,449. LOG Lockwood, p-v. Sussex co. N. J. Lode, t. Swiss canton of Neufchatel, 8 m. N. W. Neufchatel. Pop. 800. Locmine, t. France, in Morbihan, 10 m. S. Pon- tivy. Pop. 1,800. Lodden, r. Eng. which falls into the Thames near Twyford. Lodebar Academy. See Sumterville. Lodeve, t. France, in Herault, on the Lergues. It has manufactures of cloth, silk stuffs, and hats. 29 m. W. Montpelier. Lon. 3 19' E. Lat. 43 43' N. Pop. 8,000. Lodi, province of Austrian Italy, in the govern- ment of Milan. Extent, 390 square miles. Pop. 141,000. Lodi, t. Austrian Italy, cap. of the above pro- vince, on the Adda. One of the most daring ex- ploits of Bonaparte's military career, was per- formed here in 1796, by forcing with the bayonet the passage of the bridge over the Adda, though defended by 10,000 Austrians. 16m. N. E. Pavia, 17 S. E. Milan. Lon. 9 30'E. Lat. 45 18' N. Pop. 12,500. Lodimont, p-v. Abbeville district, S. C. Lodi Vecchio, (an. Lam Pompeii,) v. Austrian Italy, 3 m. from Lodi. Lodo, Cape, or Mad Cape, on the coast of Louis- iana, at the mouth of the Mississippi. Lon. 71 42' W. Lat. 29 10' N. Lodomeria. See Galicia. Loeches, v. Spain, 20 m. E. Madrid. Loevestein, or Lowenstein, fort, Netherlands, in Guelderland, at the W. point of the island of Bommelwaert, 18m. E. S. E. Rotterdam. Loffingen,t. Baden, 3 m. W. S. W. Huiffingen. Pop. 850. Lofoden, group of islands on the coast of Norway, between 67 30' and 68 45' N. lat. They consist of 5 large, and several smaller islands. Pop. 3,000 to 4,000. The annual value of the fish caught here is estimated at 12,000. Lofsta, or Hammerwerke, t. Sweden, in Upland, 40 m. N. Upsal. Loflus" 1 heights, p-v. Wilkinson co. Mississippi, on the Mississippi, 38 m. by land, above Natchez, 51 by the river. Lofty Mount, hill on the S. coast of New Hol- land. LOQ. 138 42' E. Lat. 34 59' S. Logan, t. Center co. Pa. Pop. 431. Logan, co. in tho S. W. part of Ken. Pop. 12,711. Slaves 4,019. Engaged in agriculture 3,690, in manufactures 145. Chief town, Russel- ville. Logan, co. Ohio. Square miles 500. Pop. 3,181. Engagyd in agriculture ],04,J, in commerce 2, in manufactures 14. Chief town, Helfontaine. Logan, p-t and cap. Hocking co. Ohio, on the N. side of the Hockhocking, 18m. S. E. Lancaster. Pop. 100. Logan, t. Wayne co. Missouri. / -r//?/, u-v. Madison co. N. Y. Loggerhead Key, El Contoy, small isl. in the 1 tonduras, near the coast of Yucatan. Lou. C745'\\. Lat. 21 25' N. Log-hoiise landing, p-v. Hyde co. N C. L'l^nma, Cape, promontory on the S. coast of Sicily. Lon. 15" 12' E. Lat. 36 Sff N. Logrono, t. Spain, in Burgos, on the Ebro, 27 m. N. W. Calahorra. Lon. 2 24' E. Lat. 42 23' N. Pop. 7,000. Logrono, V Chili. Lon. 71 1C' W. Lat. 33 38' S. 53 L O K 417 Logwood Lagoon, bay on the N. E. coast of Yu- catan. Lon. 88 20' W. Lat. 20 57' N. Lohaghur, the Iron Fort, a celebrated fortress of Hindostan, in Dowletabad, 20 m. N.W. Poona. It has lately been taken by the British. Lohaghur, fort, Hind, in Gundwaneh. Lon. 81 10' E. Lat. 20 25' N. Loheia, city of Yemen, in Arabia, on the coast of the Red Sea, at the bottom of a deep bay. The harbour is shallow. A considerable trade is carried on in coffee. Lon. 42 44' E. Lat. 15 44' N. Lohnhut, t. Netherlands, 16 m. N. N. E. Ant- werp. Pop. 1,600. Lohr, t. Bavarian states, on the Maine, 35 m. E. S. E. Frankfort. Pop. 3,000. Lohurdunga, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lou. 85 2' E. Lat. 23 28' N. Loja, province, New Grenada. Pop. 48,000. Loing, r. France, which falls into the Seine be- tween Melun and Monterau. Loir and Cher, a department in the central part of France. Extent, 2,600 sq. miles. Pop. 212,000. Blois is the capital. Loir, Le, r. France, which falls into the Sarthe. Its course is upwards of 100 miles, and it is navi- gable 60 miles. Loire, La, r. the longest in France, rises in the S. E. of the kingdom, among the mountains of the Cevennes, department of the Ardeche, and after flowing more than 500 miles, falls into the Atlan- tic, about 40 m. below Nantes. It becomes navi- gable at Roanne, 40 m. N. W. of Lyons. It com- municates with the Seine by the canal of Orleans, and with the Rhone, through a canal which joins it with the Saone, thus forming a water communi- cation between the Atlantic and Mediterranean, through the very heart of the kingdom. The prin- cipal towns which it passes in its course are Or- leans, Blois, Tours, Saumur, arid Nantes. Loire, department, France, situated in the lati- tude of Lyons, and adjoining the departments of the Rhone and the Isere. Extent, 2,000 sq. miles. Pop. 316,0n not exceeding five feet two inches. They are, rever, strong, well made, and athletic. Their eaments and appearance indicate a descent from J apan or Corea. In complexion they are quite as fair as the natives of Spain or Portugal. Their Imposition appears to be peculiarly gay, gentle, and amiable, and they ?eem to be gifted with a re- L O R 421 markable natural politeness. The capital is Kint- ching, in Ion. 127 52' E. lat. 26 14' N. Loo Christy, t. Netherlands, in East Flanders, 5 m. N. E. Ghent. Pop. 3,100. Looe, East, borough and s-p. Eng. in Cornwall, at the mouth of the Looe, over which there is a bridge connecting the town with West Looe. 53 m. S. W. Exeter. Lon. 4 26' W. Lat. 15 22 N. Pop. 480. Lookout Cape, cape on the S. coast of Hudsons' bay. Lon. 84 W. Lat 56 N. Lookout, Cape, cape in Hudson's bay. Lon. 89 10' W. Lat. 55 30' N Look-out, Cape, on the coast of N. C. the S. point of Ocrecock inlet, N. E. of Cape Fear, and S. of Cape Hatteras. Lon 76 37' W. Lat. 34 22' N. Here was formerly an excellent harbour, but it is now filled up with sand. Lookout, Cape, or De los Desvolos, cape on the E. coast of S. America. Lon. 66 9' W. Lat. 48* 24' S. Lookout, Cape, cape on the coast of Patagonia in the Atlantic. Lat. 48 32* S. Lookout, Cape, cape on the N. W. coast of Ame- rica. Lon. 236 11' E. Lat. 45 32' N. Lookout Mountain, a range of mountains exten- ding about 30 miles, across the boundary, between Georgia and Tennessee, and terminating abruptly 6 miles E. of the Suck in Tennessee river, 8 W, Brainerd. It is about 2,000 feet high. Look out, Point, a narrow strip of land, Md. at the junction of the Potomac with Chesapeake bay. Lookout, Point, cape on the S. E. coast of New Holland. Lat 1451'S. Lookout, Po-int, cape on the E coast of New Holland. Lon. 153 31' E Lat. 2727'S. Loonghee, t. Birman empire, on the E. bank of the Irrawuddy. Lon. 91 55' E. Lat. 19 41' N. Loosduinen, v. Netherlands, 4 m. S. S. W. of the Hague. Pop. 1,500. Loose, t. Eng. in Kent, 2 m. S. Maidstone. Looseigna, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 84 58' E. Lat. 24 20' N. Loots, or Borchloen, t. Netherlands, 14m. N. N. W. Liege. Pop. 1,400. Lopatka, cape, Siberia. Lon. 156 41' E. Lat. 51 0' 15" N. Lopes de Gonsalva, cape, Congo. Lon. 3 25' W. Lat. 56' S. Loppersum, v. Netherlands, 5 m. W. Delfzyl. Pop. 1,000. Loquiers, or Loquiers, Pointe de, cape on the W. coast of France. Lon. 3 34' W. Lat. 48 48' N. Lora, t. Spain, in Seville, on the Guadalquivir, 8 m. N. Carmona. Pop. 3,000. Lora, r. Chili, which falls into the Pacific ocean in lat. 34 46' S. Loramie, t. Shelby co. Ohio. Loramie's creek, r. Ohio, which runs into the Miami above Piqua. Lorca, t. Spain, in Murcia, on the Sangonera. It contains 9 churches and several monasteries. The chief manufacture is saltpetre. 40 m. W. S. W Murcia, 47 W. Carthagena. Lon. 1 22' W. Lat. 37 25' N. Pop. 22,000. Lorch, t. Wirtemberg, 6 m. W. Gemund. Pop. 1,200. Lord Edgecumb's Island, or New Sark, one of Queen Charlotte's islands. Lon. 165 14' E. Lat. 11 10' S. Lord Hood's Canal, inlet in the Gulf of New 422 LOS Georgia, about 40 miles from north to south. It communicates with Admiralty inlet. Lord Howe's Group, a cluster of islands in the Pacific ocean, discovered by captain Hunter, in 1791. Lon. 159 24' E. Lat. 5 30' S. Lord North's Island, small isl. in the Pacific ; also called NeviVs Island and Johnston's Island. Lon. 131 VZ E. Lat.38'N. Lorenzana, San Vicente de, city, Spanish Amer- ica, 50 leagues from Guatimala. Lorenso, isl. on the coast of Peru, opposite the port of Callao. Lat 12 4' S. Loreo, t. Austrian Italy, 4 m. E. Adria. Pop. 2,300. Loreto, t. Paraguay, on the Parana. Lon. 55 34' 39" N. Lat. 27 19' 58" S. Lorette, La Jeune, Indian v. Lower Canada, 9 m. from Quebec. Loretto, t. Italy, in the Papal State, near the in- flux of the Musone into the Adriatic. It is sur- rounded with a rampart and a deep ditch. It owes its celebrity to the Santa Casa, or house said to have been inhabited by the Virgin Mary of Naza- reth. 12 m. S. S. E. Ancona, 115 N. N. E. Rome. Lon. 13 35' E. Lat. 43 C 27' N. Pop. 6,000. Loretlo, t. Cambria co. Pa. Pop. 44. Lorctto, p-v. Essex co. Va. Lorgues, t. France, in Var, 15 m. W. Frejus. Lon. 6 36' E. Lat. 43 29' N. Pop. 4,900. L" Orient, s-p. in the N. W. of France, in Mor- bihan, on the bay of Port Louis, at the influx of the Scorf. It is surrounded by good fortifications. The harbour is large and secure, of easy access, and suificiently deep to float ships of war. The trade was formerly very flourishing, it being the principal station of the shipping of the French E. India company. It has still some trade, particu- larly with the French colonies ; and is a place of importance, on account of its magazines for the use of the royal navy. Pop. 18,000. 340 m. W. by S. Paris. Lon. 3 21 ' W. Lat. 47 45' N. Lorn, district, Scotland, in the N. part of Ar- gyleshire. Loroux Botterau, t. France, in Loire Inferi- eure, on the Loire, 12 m. E. Nantes. Pop. 3,000. Lorrach, t. Baden, 6 m. N. E. Bale. Pop. 1,900. Lorraine, an extensive country in the N. E. of France, divided at present into the departments of Meuse, Moselle, Meurthe, and Vosges. Lorraine, p-t. Jefferson co. N. Y. 9 m. E. Lake Ontario, 150 W. N. W. Albany. Pop. 812. Lorris, t. France, in Loiret, 28 m. E. Orleans. Pop. 1,500. Lortch, or Laurisheim, t. Germany, in Hesse- Darmstadt, 6 m. E. Worms. Pop. 1,700. ,05 Esterot Bay, bay on the coast of New Albi- on. Lon. 239 22' E. Lat. 35 31' N. Losontz, t. Hungary, 34 m. S. E. Altaohl. Pop. 1,800. Lassie, r. Scotland, in Morayshire, which falls into the sea at Lossiemouth. Lossiemouth, v. Scotland, the seaport of Elgin, distant about 7 miles. Lossnits, t. Saxony, 50 m. S. W. Dresden. Lon. 12 37' E. Lat. 50 32' N. Pop. 3,300. Lost creek, r. Ohio, which runs into the E. side of the Miami, in Miami co. Lost creek, t. Miami co. Ohio. Pop. 567. Lost creek, r. Vigo co. Indiana, which flows to- wards the E. side of the W abash, but before reach- ing it, is lost in the sands. Lostockj t, Eng, in Lancashire, 3 m. W. Great Bolton. LOU Lost run, r. Vigo co. Indiana, which ruua to- wards Otter creek, but before reaching it, is lost in the sands. Lostwithiel, borough, Eng. in Cornwall, on the river Fowey, 234 m. W. S. W. London. Pop. 825. Losva, r. A. Russia, which falls into the Sosva, after a course of 150 miles. Lot, department in the S. of France, adjacent to Dordogne, Aveyron, and Upper Garonne. Extent, 2,800 square miles. Pop. 272,000. Cahor? is the capital. Lot and Garonne, department in the S. W. of France, bounded by Dordogne, Lot, Gers, Landes, and Gironde. Extent, 2,200 square miles. Pop. 326,000, of whom nearly 30,000 are Protestants. Agen is the capital. Lot, r. France, which joins the Garonne. Lotbiniere, seigniory, Buckingham co. Lower Canada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 30 in. S.W.Quebec. Pop. 3,400. Lothian, extensive and fertile district, Scotland, divided into three shires, viz. East-Lothian, or Haddingtonshire ; Mid-Lothian, or Edinburgh- shire ; and West Lothian, or Linlithgowshire. Loudeac, t. France, in Cotes-du-Nord, 25 m. S. St Brieux. Pop. 1,300. London, p-t. Rockingham co. N. H. 7 m. N. E. Concord. Pop. 1,694. London, Mass. See Otis. London, co. Va. on the Potomac. Pop. 22,702. Slaves 5,729. Engaged in agriculture 4,976, ia commerce 89, in manufactures 1,394. Chief town, Leesburg. Loudonlown, p-t. Franklin co. Pa. Loudonvitte, v. Richland co. Ohio. Loudun, t. France, in Vienne, 28 m. N. N. W. Poitiers. Pop. 5,200. Lovell, t. Oxford co. Maine, 20 m. N. Paris. Pop. 430. Loveir* pond, N. H. at the head of the E. branch of the Piscataqua. Lovendegem, t. Netherlands, 6 m. N. W. Ghent. Pop. 3,800. Lovenich, t. Prussian States, 6 m. W. Colognei Pop. 1,550. Loveton, p-v. Baltimore co. Md. Loner, t. Hind, in Dowlatahad. Lon. 47* 27' E. Lat. 20 25' N. Lovere, t. Austrian Italy, in Bergamo, 14 m. N. Iseo. Pop. 3,000. Loughborough, t. Eng. in Leicester, on the Soar. Here is a well endowed free grammar school. The chief manufactures are stockings, and cotton spin- ning. 11 m. N. Leicester, 14 S. Nottingham, 100 N. by W. London. Pop. 5,400. Loughborough, t. Frontenac co. Up. Canada. Loughborough Canal, inlet on the N. W. coast of America, in the gulf of Georgia, 30 miles long and 1 broad. Lon. 234 35' E. Lat. 50 27' N. Lougherty's Creek, r. Indiana, which runs into the Ohio, 11 m. below the mouth of Miami river. Lougnon VOignon, r. France, which falls into the Saone, near Pontarlier. Loughor, t. Wales, in Glamorganshire, 8 m. N. W. Swansea. Lon. 4 3' W. Lat. 51 40' N. Pop. 291. Loughrea, t. Ireland, in Galway, 15 m. 8. W. Galway. Louhans, t. France, in Upper-Saone, 28 m. N. E. Macon. Pop. 3,000. Louin, t. France, in Two Sevres. 22 m. N. W. Poitiers. Pop. 1,500. Lovington, p-v. Nelson co. Va. Louis*, s-p, Eu. Russia, in Finland, on the N. LOU coast of the gulf of Finland, 30 m. E. N. E. Hel- singfors. Lon. 26 16' E. Lat. 60 27' N. Louisa, Loango, r. VV. Africa, which falls into the Atlantic in la't. 5 30' S. Louisa, co. hi the central part of Va. Pop. 13,746. Slaves 7,560. Engaged in agriculture 3,705, in commerce 14, in manufactures 189. Louisa chitto. See Bigblack. Louisbwg, t. and cap. of the island of Cape Bre- ton, on a point of laud on the S. E. side of the isl- and. The harbour is excellent. It is more than half an English mile in breadth in the narrowest part, and six miles in length from N.E. to S.VV. and has six or seven fathoms of water in every part of it. In winter it is totally impracticable, being en- tirely frozen. The principal trade of Louisburg is the cod fishery. It was taken from the French by the American forces, commanded by Sir Wil- liam Pepperel, and the English fleet, under Sir Peter Warren, in the year 1745 ; but afterwards restored to France by the treaty of Aix-la-Cha- pelle, in 1748. It was again taken by the English, under admiral Boscawen and lieutenant-general Amherst, on the 27th of July 1758, and its fortifi- cations since demolished. Lon. 59 50' W. Lat. 45 U 55'N. Louisburg, p-t. and cap. Franklin co. N. C. on Tar river, 23 m. N. E. Raleigh, 104 from Wash- ington. Louis, Cape, cape on the W. coast of Kergue- len's Land. Lon. 68 18 E. Lat. 49 2' S. Louis, Fort, an important barrier fortress in the N. E. of France, constructed by Vauban in 1686 ; on an island, in the Rhine. 12 m. E. Hague- nau. Louis de Ramsay, seigniory, Richelieu co. Low- er Canada. Louisiade, an archipelago in the Eastern seas, lying S. E. of New Guinea, and extending about 400 miles in length, by about 160 in breadth. The centre lies nearly under 10 S. lat. and 152 25' E. Ion. Louisiana. This name was originally applied to the whole country west of the Mississippi, in- cluded within the limits of the present States of Louisiana and Missouri, and of the Arkansas and Missouri territories. In 1803, this country was purchased by the U. S. from France, for about $15,000,000. Its boundaries have been a subject of much dispute; but by the treaty with Spain, ratified the present year, (1821) the controversy is finally settled. By this treaty, the boundary on the side of the Spanish dominions, bvins in the gulf of Mexico, at the mouth of Sabine river, and proceeds up that river to the parallel of 32 N. lat. ; thence due N. to Red river ; thence up Fed river to the meridian of 100 W. Ion. ; thence along that meridian to Arkansas river ; th<-ncc up the Arkansas to its source, and to the para. ' >i 42 JS 7 . lat. ; thence along that parallel to the Pa- cific ocean. The cession of Florida by Spain puts an end to the dispute respecting the boundary in that quarter. The northern boundary remains to be adjusted. tana, one of the U. S. bounded N by Ar- kansas Territory ; E. by the State of Mississippi ; S. by tho gulf of Mexico ; and W. by the Spanish dominions. The boundary, runs as follows : Be- ginning in Mississippi river, at 33 N. lat. it pro- ceeds down the river to lat 31 ; thence E. along that parallel to Pearl river ; down Pearl river to the gulf of Mexico ; alonglhe gulf of Mexico, in- cluding all the islands within six leagues of the shore, to the mouth of the Sabiue ; up the Sabine LOU to the parallel of 32 N. lat ; thence due N. to the parallel of 33 ; thence E. along that parallel to the place of beginning. It extends from lat. 29 to 33 N. and from Ion. 89 to 94 W. and contain- 48,220 square miles, or 30,860,800 acres. On the gulf of Mexico it reaches from Pearl river to the Sabine. The Mississippi river forms the eastern boundary of the State from lat. 33 to 31 N. In lat. 31 Red river empties itself into the Mississip- pi from the N. W. Below the mouth of Red riv- er, instead of receiving the tribute of inferior streams, it divides into numerous branches or out- lets, which, diverging from each other, slowly wind their way to the sea, forming what is called the Delta of the Mississippi. Of these outlets, the most western is the Atchafalaya, which leaves the main stream 3 miles below the mouth of Red river, and diverging westward, flows into Atchafalaya bay, in the gulf of Mexico. About 128 miles below the Atchafalaya, is the outlet of the Plaquemine, whose main stream unites with the Atchafalaya ; though it has other communications intersecting the country in different directions. Thirty-one miles below the Plaquemines, and 81 above New- Orleans, is the outlet of La Fourche, which com- municates with the gulf of Mexico by two mouths. Below La Fourche, numerous smaller streams branch off from the river at various points. On the east side of the Mississippi, the principal out- let is the Iberville, which communicates with the gulf of Mexico, through lakes Maurepas, Ponchar- train, and Borgne. A large extent of country in this State is annually overflowed by the Mississip- pi. From lat. 32 to 31 the average width of overflowed land may be estimated at 20 miles ; from lat. 31 to the efflux of La Fourche, a lit- tle above lat. 30 the width is about 40 miles. All the country below La Fourche is overflowed. The whole extent of lands thus inundated is 8,340 sq. miles ; and if to this be added 2,550 square miles for the inundated lands on Red river, the whole amount in the State will be 10,890 square miles. It must not be imagined, however, that this ex- tensive tract is one continued sheet of water. It is rather intersected by innumerable canals and lakes, which interlocking in a thousand mazes, chequer the whole face of the country. The area actually submerged, is estimated at only 4,000 square miles. It is remarkable that the banks of the Mississippi, and several of its branches are considerably elevated above the level of the ad- jacent country. This is occasioned by a more co- pious deposition along the margins, than at a dis- tance from them. Hence it happens that all these rivers are skirted with a rich border of alluvial land, from 400 yards to a mile and a half in breadth, while the surface in the rear is covered with lakes and impassable swamps. The fertile tracts of alluvial land which every where border the shores of the Mississippi, have given rise to an artificial work of great extent, for confining its stream, and for securing the country from the ef- fects of its inundations. This work is an embank- mrut on the margin of the river, called the Levee. On the E. side of the Mississippi, this embankment commences about 60 miles above New-Orleans, and extends down the river for more than 130 miles. On the W. shore, it commences at Point Coupee, 172 miles above New-Orleans. It is here that the navigator in descending the river emerges from a gloomy wilderness, presenting: detached settlements at long and tedious intervals, into beautiful and finely cultivated plantations. On the side of this elevated artificial bank, is a range 424 LOU of handsome, neatly built houses, appearing like one continued village, as for as the city of New- Orleans. The N. W. section of the State has been till re- cently but very partially explored. It is inter- sected by Red river, which enters the State in one undivided stream, and after flowing about oO miles, spreads out into a number of channels and lakes, forming an inundated swamp, six miles wide, and fifty long. The part of the State between Red river and the Mississippi, is intersected by the Wa- chitta. Along the southern border of the State from Teche river to the Sabine, are vast prairies, which for every purpose of a general sketch, may be de- scribed as one immense meadow . The part about the mouths of the Mississippi, for 30 miles, is a continued swamp, destitute of trees, and covered with a species of coarse reed, 4 or 5 feet high. Nothing can be more dreary than the prospect from aship'smast,while passing this immensewaste. The best parts of the State which hare been brought under cultivation are the narrow strips of rich alluvial land on the banks of the Mississippi, the Teche, Red river, and Wachitta, and also the country called Feliciana. The staple productions are cotton, sugar, and rice. Tobacco and indigo could be as extensively cultivated as cotton, but they do not afford the same profit. On the banks of the Mississippi, La Fourche, the Teche, and the Vermillion, below lat 30 12' N. wherever the soil is elevated above the annual inundations, su- gar can be produced ; and the lands are generally devoted to this crop. In all other parts of the State cotton is the staple. The best districts for cotton are the banks of Red river, Wachitta, Teche, and the Mississippi. Rice is more particularly con- fined to the banks of the Mississippi, where irriga- tion can be easily performed. The quantity of land within the State adapted to the cultivation of the three staples, has been estimated as follows : sugar, 250,000 acres; rice, 250,000; cotton, 2,400,000. Some of the sugar planters have de- rived a revenue in some years of $600 from the labor of each of their slaves ; from $(350 to $450 is the ordinary calculation. The cultivation of cotton is believed to be equally profitable. The amount of sugar made in Louisiana in 1810, was about 10,000,000 Ibs. ; in 1814, not less than 15,000,000; and in 1817, 20,000,000, or nearly one-third of the whole amount consumed in the United States. The extensive prairie land, in the S. W. part of the State, embracing the district of Opelousas, and the greater part of Attacapas, is most admirably adapted to the rearing of cat- tle, and has hitherto been used almost exclusive- ly for that purpose. Many of the richer planters on the Teche and Vermillion, have stock farms established on Mermantau and Calcasiu rivers, and count their cattle by the thousand. Louisiana was admitted into the Union in 181 1. In 1810 it was called the Territory of 'Orleans, and contained 76,556 inhabitants, of whom 34,311 were whites, 7,585 free blacks, and 34,660 slaves. To this number may be added 10,000, as the popu- lation of that part of West Florida, which was annexed to the State in 1812. In 1820, the whole number was 153,407. Slaves 69,064. Engaged in agriculture 53,041, in commerce 6,251, in man- ufactures 6,041. This population is principally confined to the settlements on the Mississippi. In the upper settlements the inhabitants are princi- pally Canadians ; in the middle, Germans ; and LOU in the lower, French and Spaniards. A few year* since a majority of the inhabitants were Roman Catholics. The clergy of this order, however, are not numerous ; and the constant introduction of emigrants from the north is effecting a rapid revolution in all the institutions of the country. In journeying from New-Orleans to the mouth of Sabine river, we meet with men in every stage of civilization. In New- Orleans, and other places on the banks of the Mississippi, the sugar and cot- ton planters live in splendid edifices, and enjoy all the luxury that wealth can impart. In Attacapas and Op lousas, the glare of expensive luxury van- ishes, and is followed by substantial independence. In the western parts of Opelousas are found herds- men and hunters ; the cabins are rudely and has- tily constructed, and the whole scene recals to the imagination the primeval state of society. The exports from Louisiana are not confined to its own produce. Th<- bulky articles of all the western States go down the Mississippi, arid are cleared out at New-Orleans. The value o! th* ex- ports in 1804, was $1,600,362; in 1806, #3,887,323; in 1815, #5,102,610; in 1817, $13,501,036, near- ly two thirds as much as that of the whole United Statesin 1791. The number of arrivals and clear- ances at the port of New-Orleans during the year ending October 1st, 1817, was 1,030. During the same year, 1,500 flat-bottomed boats, and 500 barges, arrived in the city from the upper coun- try. The duties on merchandize paid in this State in 1804, was #279,272; in 1807, #480,275; in 18 15, $984,909. Louis, Mont, t. France, in Indre-and-Loire, 9 m. E. S. E. Tours. Louis, Mont, i, France, in Eastern Pyrenees, 15 m. W. S, W. Prades. Louis, Port, s-p. on the W. coast of France, in Morbihan, at the mouth of the river Blavet. Lon. 320'W. Lat.4740'N. Louisville, p-t. St. Lawrence CO: N. Y. on the river St. Lawrence, 30 m. below Ogdensburg. It contains a village of the same name at the 1 batteanx navigation on Racket river. Pop. 831. Louisville, p-t. and cap. Jefferson co. Geo. on the Ogechee, 40 m. W. Augusta, 48 E. Ivj illedgeville, 100 N. W. Savannah. ^ Pop. 694. Louisville, p-t. and cap. Jefferson co. Ky is pleasantly situated on an elevated and beautiful plain, on the S. bank of the Ohio, immediately above the rapids, 120 m. below Cincinnati, 50 W.Frankfort. Lat. 38 10' N. Lon. 85 30' VV. Pop. 4,012. It contains an elegant court-house ; a jail ; a theatre ; 3 banks, one of them a branch of the U. S. bank ; an insurance company ; a market-house ; a hospital ; 3 houses f<;r public worship, 1 for Roman Catholics, 1 for Presbyte- rians, and 1 for Methodists; 3 printing offices ; and 670 dwelling houses, principally brick. Among the manufacturing c4;i' I: -Innents is a dis- tillery, established by a company formed in New- Kngland in 1816, and incorporated in this Slate, under the name of the Hope Distillery company. It is the most extensive establishment of the kind in the U. S. yielding 1,200 gallons per day. Here also are 5 tobacco manufactories ; a factory for Hi*- coM'-tnirtkm of steam engines, in which about 60 workmen are employed; a soap and ca:rU00 ; but including: the annexed territory, it is 40,650. 33m. N. Lauenburg, 36 N. E Hamburgh, 149 S. by W. Copenhagen. Lon. 10 50' E. Lat. 53 51' N. Luben, t. Silesia, 13 m. N. Liegnitz. Pop. 2,350. Lubesac,t. France, in Correze, 8m.W. Uzerche. Pop. 3,100. Lubitz, or Lups, t. Germany, in Mecklenburg Schwerin, on the Elbe. Lon. 12 E. Lat. 53 30' N. Pop. 1,200. Lublau, or Lublyo, t. Hungary, near the Poprad, 15 m. N. E. Kasmark. Lon. 20 44 E. Lat. 49 13' N. Pop. 2,000. Lublin, a palatinate of the kingdom of Poland, erected in 1816 Area, 6,447 square miles. Pop. 468,500. Lublin, the capital, stands on the Bis- tricza, almost surrounded by lakes and marhes. It has a castle, and is the see of a bishop. It has three great yearly fairs, which last each a month, and are attended by German, Greek, Armenian, Ara- bian, Russian, Turkish, and other traders. 85 m. S. E. Warsaw. Lon. 22 30 E. Lat. 51 15' N. Pop. 7,100. Lublinitz, t. Silesia, 79 m. S. E. Breslau. Pop. 1,350. Lubny, t. Eu. Russia, in Pultava, 104 m. E. S. E. Kiev. Lon. 33 3' 45" E. Lat. 50 0' 37" N. Pop. 5,300. Luc, t. France, in Var, 15 m. S. Draguignan. Top. 2,700. Lucala, r. Angola, Africa, which falls into the Coanza at viassingano. Lucan, Point, cape on the N. W. coast of King George the Third's archipelago. Lon. 223 58' E. Lat. 58 7' N. Lucanas, province, Peru. It has productive LUC silver mines. Its capital is of the same name, and isinlat. 14 58' S. Lucar de Mayor, t. Spain, in Andalusia, on the Guadiamar, 10 m. W. Seville. Pop. 2,000. Lucas, or Luque, parish, Paraguay, on the river Paraguay, 6 m. N. E. Assumption. Lon. 57 32' W. Lat. 25 15' S. Lucay, t. France, in Indre, 6 m. S. W. Valencay. Pop. 1,000. Lucayos Islands. See Bahamas. Lucca,o. dutchy of Italy, surrounded by Tusca- ny, Modena, and the Mediterranean. Extent, 420 square miles. Pop. 138,000. Two-thirds of its territory are supposed to be covered by mountains and defiles ; the remainder comprises the delight- ful plain around the city, and a number of fertile vallies. From the middle of the 15th century till 1805, Lucca was an independent republic. In 1805 its government was changed by the French ; but in 1815, by the 101st act of the congress of Vi- enna, it was erected into a dutchy, and given as an indemnity to the infanta of Spain, Maria Louisa. Lucca, a city of Italy, capital of the dutchy of the same name, is situated in a fertile plain, watered by the Serchio, and surrounded with beautifully cultivated hills. Its fortifications, though regular, and in good repair, are not of great strength. It is the seat of the government offices, and the see of an archbishop. It has likewise an university, a large school, and an academy of arts and sciences. The chief manufactures are of cloth and silk ; and the trade in the latter article, and in olive oil, is very considerable. 19 m. N. N. E. Leghorn, 28 W. Florence. Lon. 10 34' E. Lat. 43 54' N. Pop. 18,000. Luce, r. Scotland, in Wigtonshire, which full'? into the sea at the bay of Luce. Luce, Bay of, or Glenluce Bay. a spacious bay in Wigtonshire, Scotland, 20 miles wide at the entrance. Lucea Harbour, bay on the N. side of Jamaica, 14 m. W. Montego bay. Lon. 78 9' W. Lat. 18' 28' N. Lucena, t. Spain, in Cordova, 32 m. S. S. E. Cordova. Lon. 4 29' W. Lat. 37 32' N. Pop. 12,000. Lucera, t. Naples, in the Capitanata. It is the see of a bishop. 32 m. N. E. Benevento. Pop. 8,400. Lucerna, t. Piedmont, 6 m. S. Pinerolo. Pop. 1,200. Lucerne, canton in the heart of Switzerland, ad- jacent to Zurich, Schweitz, and Unterwalden. Extent, 740 square miles. Pop. nearly 87,000. It is one of the least mountainous portions of Swit- zerlarid. Corn is raised in abundance ; also flax and hemp, vines, &c. The only literary institu- tion is the college, belonging formerly to the Jesu- its, who were restored in 1819, contrary to the wishes of a part of the inhabitants. Lucerne is the most powerful and zealous of the Catholic cantons. Lucerne, the capital of the above canton, is on the Reuss, where it issues from the Lake of Lu- cerne. It is on both sides of the river, and its two parts communicate by four bridges. The view from these bridges is very picturesque. 42 m. E. Berne, 16 W. by N. Schweitz. Lon. 8 18' E. Lat. 47 3' N. Pop. nearly 7,000. Lucerne, lake, Switzerland, between the cantons of Unterwalden, Lucerne, Schweitz, and Uri : it is also called the lake of Waldstadte. It is 25 miles L U D long, and is the largest and most romantic lake in the interior of Switzerland. Lucero, Punta rfe,cape on the N. coast of Spain. Lon. 3 5' W. Lat. 43 22' N. Luchow,t. Hanover, 36 m.S. E. Luneburg. Pop. 1 900 1 Lucipara, or Lusipara, small isl. near the S. coast of Banca. Lon. 106 20' E. Lat. 3 14' S. Luckau, t. Prussian states, 55 m. N. Dresden. Pop. 2,500. Luckenwald, t. Prussian Saxony, 32 m. S. Ber- lin. Pop. 3,500. LucketCs, p-v. Orange, co. Va. Luckhore, t. Hind, in Bahar, 20 m. N. E. Patna. Luckiduar, fort, Hind, in Bootan. Lon. 89 20' E. Lat. 26 50' N. Lucknow, district, Hind, in Oude, between 26" and 27 N. lat. Lucknow, city, Hind, find cap. of Oude, on the S. bank of the river Goomty, a branch of the Ganges, which is navigable for middling sized boats at all seasons of the year. It is a very an- cient city, and was for a long period the residence of the nabobs of Oude In the vicinity of the city is the dwelling of the British resident, and other European inhabitants. The Church Mis- sionary Society have established schools inthiscity. Lon. 80 55 E. Lat. 26 24' N. Pop. estimated at 300,000. Lucknowty. See Gour. Luckput Bunder, t. Hind, in Cutch, 30m. up the Lory river, which is navigable for small ves- sels. Lon. 68 58' E. Lat. 23 47' N. Luckypore, t. Bengal. Here the E. India com- pany have an extensive factory for the manufac- ture of coarse cotton cloths. Lon. 90 43' E. Lat. 22 56' N. Lucon, t. France, in La Vendee, 20 m. W. Fon- tenay. Pop. 2,700. Lucon, or L uconia, the principal of the Philip- pine islands, in the Eastern seas, on which stands Manilla, the metropolis. It is 400 miles long from N.to S. and from 90 to 120 broad. The country is for the most part mountainous. The climate is moist, and the soil fertile. Cotton, indigo, sugar, tobacco, coffee, and generally all sorts of tropical produce, grow in great abundance. Gold is found in every part of the island. The natives are gov- erned by the Spaniards with the most ridiculous severity. The most impolitic, useless, and ruinous taxes are frequently imposed, with a total indif- feren6e to the interests of the people. The island lies between 13 and 19 N. lat. and 120 and 124 E. Ion. Pop. estimated at 900,000. Lucos, (an. Lixus,) r. Morocco, which falls into the Atlantic at Larache. Lucotta, small isl. near the W. coast of Sumatra. Lon. 97 25' E. Lat. 1 43* N. Ludamar, country, Central Africa, bounded S. by Kaarta and Bambarra, and N. by the Sahara, or Great Desert. The inhabitants consist entirely of Moors, of the most bigotted and intolerant char- acter. Benown is the capital. Lon. 5 to 8 W. Lat. 15 to 16' N. LudtJiaunah, t. and fortress, Hind, situated on the N. W. boundary of the province of Delhi, and on the S. bank of the Suttelege, the most military station which the British possess in Hindostan. 180 m. N. N. W. Delhi. Lon. 75 3? E. Lat. 30 L'idenschcide, t. Prussian states, 28 m. N. E. Cologne. Pop. 1,350. L U N 427 Luder, Gross, t. Germany, in Hesse-Cassel, 7 m. S. W. Fulda. Pop. 1,250. Ludgershall, t. Eng. in Wiltshire. It is a bo- rough, and sends two members to Parliament. 71 m. W. S. W. London. Pop. 487. Ludloiv, t. Eng. in Shropshire, on the Teme. Ludlow castle still bears marks of its former gran- deur. Ludlow sends two members to Parliament. 29 m. S. Shrewsbury, 32 N. VV. Worcester, 142 N. W. London. Lon. 2" 42' W. Lat. 52 22' N. Pop. 4,150. Ludlow, p-t. Windsor co. Vt. 16 m. W.Windsor. Pop. 1,144. Ludlow, t. Hampden co. Mass. 12 m. N. E. Springfield. Pop. 1,246. Ludlow, or Yellow Springs, t. Greene co.Ohip, 9 m. N. Xenia. It is a beautiful spot, and is much frequented on account of its medical springs. Ludlow, t. Washington co. Ohio. Pop. 259. Ludlowmlle, p-t. Tompkins co. N. Y. Ludwigsburg, t. Germany, in Wirtemburg, on the Neckar, 7 miles N. Stutgard. Pop. 5,358. Ludwigsburg, t Prussian States, in Pomerania, on a bay of the Baltic, 5 m. E. N. E. Griefs wald. Ludwigslust, t. Germany, in Mecklenburg- Schwerin, 22m S. Schwerin. Pop. 2,400. Lufuna, r. Congo, in Africa, which falls into the Atlantic, in lat. 8 26' S. Luga, L Russia, 97 m. S. St. Petersburg. Lon. 29 30' E. Lat. 58 25' N. Lugano, or Lauis, t. Switzerland, cap. of Tici- no, on the N. side of Lake Lugano, 16 in. N. W. Como. Lon. 8 57' 35" E. Lat. 45 59' 56" N. Pop. 4,350. Lugano, lake, Switzerland, in the canton of the Ticino, 25 miles long. It communicates with the lake Maggiore by the river Tresa, and with the lake Piano by the Canale Nuovo. Lugg, r. Eng. which joins the Wye a few miles below Hereford. Luggershall. See Ludgershall. Lugny, t. France, in Saone-and-Loire, 10 m. N. Macon. Pop. 1,150. Lugo, city, Spain, in Galicia, near the Minho, 51 m. E. Santiago. Lon. 7 34' W. Lat. 43 N. Pop. 4,800. Lugo, t. Italy, in the Ecclesiastical state, 15m. S. Ferrara. Pop. 3,000. Lugos, or Lugosch, t. Hungary, on the Ternes, 35 m. E. Temesvar. Pop. 4,600. Lugton, a river of Scotland, which issues from Loch Libo, in Renfrewshire, arid falls into the Garnock. Lugwardine, a parish of England, in Hereford- shire, 3 m. E. by N. from Hereford. Pop. 518. Luino, t. Austrian Italy, on the E. bank of the lake Maggiore, 14 m. S. Locarno. Luke's keys, two small islands near the coast of Honduras. Lon. 86 35' W. Lat. 15 50' N. Lulea, s-p. Sweden, at the mouth of the Lulea, a large navigable river. 68 m. W. Tornea. Lon. 22 4' E. Lat. 65 35' 30" N. Pop. 1,000. Lulea Lappmark, an extensive district of Swe- dish Lapland. It takes its name from the river Lulea, which flows through it. Pop. 2,000. Lumberland, t. Sullivan co. N. Y. on Delaware river. Pop. 569. Lumberton, p-t. and cap. Robeson co. N. C. 33 m. ft. S. W. Fayetteville, 31 fr. Winnefield. Lumello, t. Sardinian states, 44 m. E. N. E. Tu- rin. Pop. 3,500. Luna, Punta de, cape on the N. coast of Cuba. Lon. 75 8' W. Lat. 21 12' N. 428 L U Q Lunan Bay, fine bay on the coast of Scotland, in Forfarshire, at the mouth of the river Lunan, 4 m. S. Montrose. Lon. 4 (1 27' W. Lat. 56 37' N. Lunawara, i. Hind, in Gujerat. Lon. 73 46' E. Lat. 23 5 'N. Luncarly, t. Scotland, 5 m. N. Perth. Lund, or Lunden, t. Sweden, in Schonen, 5 m. from the Baltic. In 1666, a university was found- ed here by Charles XI. which has 300 students, 5 professors, a botanical garden, an anatomical theatre, a cabinet of curiosities, and a library of 20,000 volumes. 21 m. E. Copenhagen, 38 S. W. Christianstadt. Lon. 13 l E. Lat. 55 42' N. Pop. 3,300. Lunden, t. Denmark, 62 m. N. N. W. Ham- burgh. Lundcnburg, or Brsedslav, t Moravia, on the Theya, 36 m. E. Brunn. Pop. 1,500. Lunty Island, isl. Eng. at the mouth of the Bris- tol channel off the coast of Devonshire. Lon. 49'W. Lat. 51 20' N. Lune, r. Eng. which runs into the Tees below Longton. Luneburg, a province in the N.W. part of Han- over, along the left bank of the Elbe. Extent, 4,236 sq. miles. Pop. 246,000. It is watered by the Aller, the Ilmenau, the Oker, the Jeetze, and the Fuhse. Wherever the soil has any considera- ble elevation, it is sandy, ad apt to run into heath; but on the banks of the rivers there are many fer- tile districts. Luneburg, t. Hanover, cap. of the above prov- ince is on the Ilmenau, 36 m. S. E. Hamburg, 40 S. Lubeck. It carries on a considerable trade in hor- ses, and has also a very fine salt-spring from which salt is manufactured in considerable quantities. Pop. 10,000. Lund, t. France, in Herault, 14 m. N. E. Mont- pelier. Pop. 4,200. Lunen, t. Prussian states, at the conflux of the Lippe and Lesick, 20 m. S. S. W. Munster. Pop. 1,050. Luncnburg, co. Nova Scotia, on Mahone bay, which sets up from the Atlantic. Lunenburg, t. Lunenburg co. Nova Scotia, 35 m. S. W. Halifax, 27 N. by E. Liverpool. Lunenburg, p-t. Essex co. Vt. on Connecticut river, 45 m. E. N. E. Montpelrer. Pop. 856. Lunenburg, p-t. Worcester co. ^vlass. 25 m. N. Worcester, 45 N. W. Boston. Pop. 1,209. Lunenburg, co. in the S. part of Virginia. Pop. 10,662. Slaves 6,663. Engaged in agriculture 3,366, in manufactures 195. At the court-house is a post-office, 26 m. from Mecklenburg. Luneville, t France, in Meurthe, near the junc- tion of the Vesoul and the Meurthe. It is well known for the treaty concluded between Austria and the French republic on the 9th February, 1801. 12 m. E. S. E. Nancy, 80 W. Strasburg. Lon. 6 34' E. Lat. 48 36' N. Pop. 10,500. Ziwn_oT0,t. Naples, in the Basilicata, 10m. S. S. W. Cassano. Pop. 2,700. Lunsenau, t. Saxony, 2 m. N. E. Penig. Pop. 1,150. Lunzey, t. Burman empire, on the W. bank of the Irrawuddy river. Lon. 95 10' E. Lat. 18 25' N. Lupana, isl. of the Adriatic, near Ragusa. Lupatrt, mountains of E. Africa, which extend along nearly the whole of Mosambique and Zan- guebar parallel to the sea. Luquc, t. Spain, in Cordova, 28 m. S. E. Cordo- va. Pop. 2,750, LUX Lufay, p-v. Shenandoah co. Va. Lure, t. France, 17 m. E. by N. Vesoul. Pop. 2,000. Lurgan, t. Ireland, in Armagh co. 14 m. N. E. Armagh. Lurgan Green, v. Ireland, in Louth, 37 ^ m. fr. Dublin. Lurgan, t. Franklin co. Pa. Pop. 1,523. Lunn, t. Peru, 18m. fr. Lima. Lusan, t. Buenos Ayres, 30 m.W. Buenos Ayres. Lon. 59 20' W. Lat. 34 36' S. Lusatia, formerly a province of the Germau empire, with the title of a margraviate, lying be- tween the Elbe and the Oder, and surrounded by Brandenburg, Bohemia, Silesia, and part of Sax- ony. It was divided into Upper and Lower Lusa- tia, both of which belonged to Saxony until 1815. Extent of the whole, about 4,250 sq. miles. Pop. about 465,000. Upper Lusatia formed the south- ern and larger part of the margraviate, and con- tained 2,300 sq. miles. The chief wealth of this country arises from its manufactures : among which are woollens, linen, cotton, leather, stock- ings, gloves and hats. By the treaty of Vienna, the half of this province was annexed to Prussia, and is now included in the government of Lieg- nitz in Silesia. The part that remains to Saxony, is computed at 1,170 sq. miles, and the population at 170,000. Lower Lusatia formed the northern part of the margraviate, and now belongs entirely to Prussia. Its surface is computed at 1,940 sq". miles. Lusignan, t. France, in Vienne, 15 m. S. W. Poitiers. Lusigny, t. France, in Aube, 9 m. S. E. Troyes. Pop. 1,200. Lusk, v. Ireland, in Dublin, 12 m. N. Dublin. Luso, small r. Italy, which runs into the AdrV atic, a little N. of Rimini. Lussac, t. France, in Gironde, 6 m. E. N. E. Libourrie. Pop. 2,100. Lussac les Chateaux, t. France, 28 m. S. E. Poi- tiers. Pop. 1,400. Lussac les Ert. Lycoming, t. Lycoming co. Pa. Pop. 1,210. Lycoming creek, r. Pa. which runs into the W. branch of the Susquehanuah, between Williams- port arid Newberry. Lydd, t. Eng. in Kent. It is a member of the Cinque Ports, being joined with Romney. 37 m. S. E. Maidstone, 71 S. E. London. Pop. 1,504. Lykins, t. Dauphin co. Pa. Pop. 1,188. Lyman, t. York co. Maine, 25 m. N. York. Pop. 1,387. Lyman, t. Graf ton co. N. H. on Connecticut river, 13m. above Haverhill. Pop. 1,270. .Lyme, p-t. Grafton co. N. H. 11 m. N. E. Dart- mouth college. Pop. 1,824. Lyme, p-t. New- London co. Ct. on the E. side of Connecticut river, at its mouth, opposite Say- brook, 40 m. E. New-Haven, 40 S. E. Hartford. Pop. 4,069. It has 6 houses of public worship. The shad fishery is carried on extensively at this place. A number of vessels are owned here, which are employed in the coasting trade. Lyme, t. Jefferson co. N. Y. on Lake Ontario. Pop. 1,724. Lyme, t. Huron co. Ohio. Pop. 235. Lyme range, a branch of the White mountains, commencing a little below Northampton, Mass, and running S. along the east bank of Connecticut river at the distance of 8 or 10 miles, till it ter- minates at Lyme on Long-Island sound. Lyme Regis, borough and seaport, Eng. in Dor- set, is chiefly remarkable for its excellent artificial harbour. 9 m. W. Bridport, 143 S. W. London. Lon. 2 55' W. Lat. 50 43' N. Pop. 1,925. Lymftord, a long narrow gulf of Denmark, iu North Jutland, which communicates with the Cattegat, in Ion. 10 20' E. Lat. 56 59' N. It runs W. across the peninsula, until within a few miles of the German ocean. Lymington, a borough and seaport, Eng. in Hampshire, opposite Yarmouth in the Isle of Wight, long known for its salt-works. 18 m. S. W. Southampton, 95 S. W. London. Lon. 1 33 W. Lat. 50 46' N. Pop. 2,641. Lymme, a parish of England, in Cheshire, 5 m. from Warrington. Pop. 1,908. Lynchburg, p-t. and cap. Campbell co. Va. on the S. bank of James river, 20 miles below the great falls, where the river breaks through the Blue Ridge, 12 m. N. Campbell C. H. 12 E. N. E. New-London, 100 W. Richmond, 160 S. W. Wash- ington. All these distances are measured in right lines. Lon. 79* 20' W. Lat. 37 30' 26'' N. It was established in 1786; in 1793 contained only five houses ; was incorporated in 1805 ; andin 1813 the town and vicinity contained a court-house, jail, market-house, 2 banks, 4 houses of public wor- ship, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Methodists, 1 for Friends, and 1 for Baptists ; 7 tobacco warehouses, in which from 10 to 12,000 hogsheads of tobacco were annually inspected ; 3 flour mills, 1 paper mill, 1 carding machine, 3 cotton and woollen manufactories, 44 dry goods' stores, 22 grocery stores, 4 bookstores, and numerous other trading and manufacturing establishments. The com- merce of the town extends to the western counties of Virginia, to Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee and Carolina. The productions of this fertile and very extensive back country are brought to Lynch- burg, and carried down the river in batteaux to Richmond. The principal articles are tobacco, wheat, flour, hemp, butter, whiskey, beef, and live hogs. Pop. in 1813, estimated at 3,000 ; in 1818, 430 L Y O at 5,500. A marble manufactory has been estab- lished on James river, at this place. Lynch lake, p-v. YVilliamsburg district, S. C. Lyndeborough, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 9 in. N. W. Amherst, 35 S. Concord. Pop. 1,168. Lyndhursi, t. Lug. in Southamptonshire, 9 m. VV. by S.Southampton. Pop. 1,015. Lyndon, p-t. Caledonia co. Vt. 33 m. N. E. Montpelier. Pop. 1,296. Lyne, r. Scotland, in Peebleshire, which falls into the Tweed, about 3m. above Peebles. Lynn, p-t. Essex co. Mass, on the coast, 9 m. N. E. Boston, 6 S. W. Salem. Pop. 4,515. It con- tains a bank, and 6 houses of public worship 2 for Methodists, 2 for Congregationalists, 1 for Bap- tists and 1 for Friends. This town has long been noted for the manufacture of ladies' shoes. The number made here in 1811, was estimated at 1,000,000 pairs. They are sent iu large quanti- ties to the southern states and W. Indies. Lynn Beach is regarded as a curiosity. It connects the peninsula of Nahant with the main land, and is a favourite place of resort for parties of pleasure from Boston, Salem, and Marblehead. Lynn, t. Lehigh co. Pa. Pop. 1,644. Lynn creek, p-t. Giles co. Tennessee. Lynn canal, inlet on the N. W. coast of Ameri- ca, extending, in a northerly direction, about 60 miles from the north extremity of Chatham strait. Lon. of the S. entrance, 225 12' E. Lat. 58 12' N. Lynnfield, t. Essex co. Mass. 10 m. W Salem, 11 m. E. Boston. Pop. 596. Lynnhaven bay, on the coast of Va. at the S. end of Chesapeake bay, 7 m. W. Cape Henry. Here, in 1781, the Count de Grasse moored the principal part of his fleet at the blockade of Yorktown. Lynn Regis, or King's Regis, a borough, Eng. in Norfolk, on the Ouse, near its mouth. It sends two members to parliament. 15 m. N. E. Wis- beach, 20 S. W. Burnham Market, 96 N. by E. London. Lon. 25' E. Lat 52" 46' N. Pop. 10,095. Lynn river, r. Norfolk co. Up. Canada, which empties into Lake Erie, in Woodhouse. It affords a good harbour for batteaux. Lyon, Loch, lake, Scotland, which discharges itself into the Tay, 2 m. below Kenmore. Lyong, small isl. in the Eastern seas, near Oby. Lou. 128 14' E. Lat. 1 39' S. Lyons, or more properly Lyon, a large and cel- ebrated city of France, before the revolution cap. of a province called Lyonnois, and now cap. of the de^ artment of the Rhone. It is built at the con- flux of the Rhone and Saone. The houses are for the most part of hewn stone, and are generally fivr or six stories high, built in a heavy style of arc : .lecture, remarkable for nothing but its solid- ity. There are 4 public squares, one of which, called La Place de Bellecour, is entitled to rank amoag the finest in Europe. Among the literary institutions, are an academy of sciences, founded in 1700, and an academy of fine arts, in 1724. The public library is said to contain about 120,000 L Y T volumes. Lyons is the first manufacturing to in France, and is particularly noted for its silks. In former years it supplied a great part of Europe with silk goods. In 1789, the number of bales of raw silk consumed in France, was about 12,000, of which three-fourths were used at Lyons. Its manufactures were greatly injured during the troubles of the revolution. In 1800, the quantity of silk used in France was only 5,500 bales, of which Lyons used from 3,000 to 4,000. The other manufactures suffered in proportion. The num- ber of looms at Lyons for velvet, silk, gauze, crape, and thread, was, at the commencement of the rev- olution, 9,335, and the persons employed, 58,600; in 1803, there were 7,000 looms, but only 1,553 at work. The large manufactory of felt hats, which formerly employed 8,000 hands, had -fallen to 1,500. The printing and bookselling of this place are next to Paris in importance. The merchants of Lyons have very extensive connections ; they trade with Spain. Italy, Holland, Switzerland, and even with the states of the north. From Spain they import fine wool ; from Italy, large quanti- ties of raw silk. Their transactions with the Levant were at one time extensive. There are four annual fairs, in January, May, August, and November, all well frequented. Within a few years, the fine silk manufactures are beginning to resume their former activity. The orders for goods in 1818 could scarcely be answered, and the quantity exported in that year, was valued at 60,000,000 francs. Pop. before the revolution, 150,000; at one period since, it was reduced to about 80,000; but is at present nearly 120,000. The town is the see of an archbishop, and the seat of the provincial courts. 190m. N. by W. Mar- seilles, 280 S. S. E. Paris, 300 E. N. E. Bourdcaux. Lon. 4 49' E. Lat. 45 45' N. Lyons, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y. at the confluence of Mud creek with the outlet of Canandaigua lake, which here takes the name of Clyde river. The Ene canal passes through Lyons. The village is handsomely built on the banks of the canal, and is a place of considerable trade. Here is a printing office from which a newspaper is issued. OH the streams, are erected several saw mills, and grist mills, a carding x machiue and flouring mill. Pop. 3,972. 24 m. N. E Canandaigua, 16 N. Geneva, 15 E. Palmyra, 38 E. Rochester. Lyona, Gulf of, the N.W. part of the Mediterra- nean sea, extending along the S. of France, from the coast of Catalonia on the W. to the gulf of Genoa on the E. Lys, r. Netherlands, in W. Flanders, which, after a course of 100 miles, falls into the Scheldt at Ghent. Lysander, t. Onondaga co. N. Y. on Onondago river, at the confluence of the Seneca, 20 m. N. Onondago, 17 m. from Oswego. Pop. 1,723. Lysburg, t. France, in Pas de Calais, 10 m. S. S. W. Aire. Li/the, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 4 m. W, N. W. Whitby. Pop. 991. MAC MAC 431 M. MAADIE, lake, Lower Egypt, between Aboukir and Alexandria, communicating with the Medi- terranean and with the lake Mareotis. Maar, small isl. near the S. coast of Ceram. Lon. 13 25' E. Lat.330'S. Maasluys, t. Netherlands, in Holland, on an arm of the Maese, 10 m. W. Rotterdam. Pop. 6,500. Maasoe, isl. Norwegian Lapland, near the North Cape. Lat.70 n 59'54"N. Maca, v. W. Africa, on the Senegal, 20 m. from its mouth. Mac Cluster's Cross Roads, p-v. Montgomery co. Ten. Macao, t. China, on a peninsula, or rather island in the bay of Canton. It belongs to the Portuguese, and is the only European settlement within the limits of the Chinese empire. The English and other nations have factories here. Macao is a place of some extent ; the streets are narrow and irregular ; the houses are built of stone, on the European plan, but not elegantly. Vessels of burden cannot enter the harbour ; but must anchor six or seven miles to the east. The place is defended by strong forts, mounted with heavy cannon ; but the Portuguese garrison sel- dom exceeds 250. Vessels destined for Canton, are commonly detained about twenty-four hours in Macao roads, till the Chinese government send out a pilot, and permission to enter the Tigris. This was at one time a place of the greatest im- portance to the Portuguese, being the centre of their trade, not only with China, but with Japan, Siam, Cochin-China, and all the countries in this part of Asia. Since the general decline of their Indian trade, which has been prosecuted by other nations with such superior success and activity, Macao has sunk into a place of comparatively lit- tle importance. 60 m. from Canton. Lon. 113 32* E. Lat. 22 10' N. Macao, t. Portuguese Estremadura, 12 m. E. N. E. Abrantes. Pop. 2,000. Macara, r. Peru, which enters the Catamayu, in Ion. 1850'W. Lat. 4 22 S. Macari. See Macri. Macarsca, t. and cap. of a circle of the same name, on the coast of Austrian Dalmatia, opposite the islands of Lessina and Brassa, 36 m. S. E. Spa- latro. Pop. 1,500. Macartney, Point, cape of a large island, on the N.W. coast of America. Lon. 226 12 7 E. Lat. 57 li'N. Macas, r. Portugal, which runs into the Atlan- tic, in Ion. 9* 25' W. lat. 38 51' N. Macas, district of the province and government of Quixos and Macas, in S. America, being the ;not easterly part of the kingdom of Quito. Ma- cas, the capital, formerly called Sevilla del Oro, on account of its riches and gold mines, is 138 m. S. of Quito. Lon. 77 48' W. Lat. 2 28' S. Macassar, the chief settlement of the Dutch in the island of Celebes, is on the S. W. coast, and named by them Fort Rotterdam. The fort, which J-- ii regular and ancient, is considered by the na- tives as impregnable. The settlement is flourish- ing ; and Chinese junks from this place carry on a direct trade with China, so that the mixed pop- ulation, of Dutch and half-casts, Chinese and na- tives is very considerable. In 1810, the settlement surrendered to the British without any resistance ; but was again surrendered to the Dutch in 1814. Lon. 119 48' E. Lat. 5 9' S. Pop. 100,000. Macassar, Straits of, the channel between Bor- neo and Celebes, about 350 miles long, and from 1 10 to 140 miles wide. Macau, t. France, in Gironde, on the Garonne, 10 m. N. Bourdeaux. Pop. :,300. Macauley's store, p-v. Montgomery co. N. C. Macclesfield, a large and populous manufactui*- ing town of Cheshire, in England. Its manufac- tures consist chiefly of cotton goods, wrought but- tons, silk, mohair, and twist, ot which trade 1 his town has always been the centre. Coai: are found in the immediate neighbourhood of the town. 12 m. S. of Stockport, 11 W. Buxton, 19 S. Manches- ter, 12 E. Knutsford, 167 N. W London. Lon i* 8' W. Lat. 55 15' N. Pop. 12,299. Macclesfield Shoals, shoals in the Eastern seas. Lon. 113 40' to 114 50' E. Lat. 15 20' to 16 10' N. Mac Call's bridge, p-v. York co. Pa. Mac Caioris store, p-v Hawkins co. Ten. Mac Connelsburg, p-t. Bedford co. Pa. Here is a medicinal spring. 26 m. from Hagarstown. Mac Connelsville, t. and cap. Morgan co. Ohio, on the Muskingum, 25 m. S. E. Zanesville. Pop 1 . 151. Mac CullocK's mills, p-v. Albemarle co. Va. Mac Cullochsville, p-v. Union co. S. C. Mac Culley's store, p-v. Chester co. S. C. Mac Culchensville, p-v. Pickaway co. Ohio. MacdanielsvMe, p-v. Spartan district, S. C. Macdonough, t. Chenango co. N.Y. Pop. 789. Macduff, t. Scotland, in Banff, which has one of the best harbours in Moray frith. Pop. 1 ,200. Macedon, or Macedonia, province, Eu. Turkey, extending from 39 53' to 42 4' of N. latituoV. nnd bounded by Servia, Romania, Thessaly, the Ar- chipelasfo, and Albania. Extent, 15,780 sq. miles. Pop. 700,000. The soil is in general fertile, and the climate serene and healthy. In the southern districts, and particularly on the coast, are produ- ced great quantities of corn, cotton, wine, oil, and tobacco. But the wealth of the country at large lies in its flocks of sheep, whose wool is in great request. Upwards of 150,000 bales of it, to the val- ue of nearly 1,500,000 sterling are annually ex- ported to Germany, France, and Italy, through the medium of the port of Salonica. Macer, r. Tripoli, which runs into the Mediter- ranean, 20 m. E. Lebida. Macerata, t. Italy, in the states of the church. It is the seat of a university, and the see of a bish- op. 20 m. S. Ancona, lOO'N N. E. Rome. Lon. 13 26' E. Lat. 43 18' N. Pop. 10,000. Macerata di M. Feltro, t. Popedom, 10 m. N. W. Urbino. Lon. 12 35' E. Lat. 43 48' N. 432 MAC Mac Parlances p-v. Lunenburg co. Va. Mac Gahey^s town, p-v. Rockingham co. V a. Machai, r. Quito, which enters the Pastaza, in !at. 1 27' S. Machala, t. Quito, 55 m. N.'N. W. Loxa. Lon. ?9 W. Lat, 3 15' S. Machangara, r. Quito, which falls into the Tumbaco 011 the W. side, in hit. 10' S. Mackecoul, t. France, in Loire Inferieure, 18m. S. W. Nantes. Lon. 1 44' W. Lat. 47" N. Pop. 1,900. Machery, district, Hind, in Agra. Machery, the capital, is in Ion. 77 15' E. lat. 27 35' N. Machian, one of the Molucca islands, near the W. coast of Gilolo. It is 18 miles in circumfer- ence. The principal articles of commerce are cloves and sago. It is situated a little N. of the line. Lon. 127 21' E. Pop. 6,800. Machiana, isl. S. America, at the mouth of the Amazon, about 15 miles long,' and 3 broad. It lies nearly under the line. Lon. 57 2' W. Machias, r. in the S. E. part of Maine, formed of two branches, the eastern and western, which unite at a place within the town of Machias, call- ed the Rim. After the junction of the two branch- es, the river widens into a bay called Machias bay, which communicates with the ocean at Cross isl- and, 6 miles below. There are falls on each of the branches, about 3 miles above their confluence, which afford numerous seats for mills. Machias, p-t. port of entry, and cap. Washington TO. Maine, on Machias bay, 236 m. N. E. Port- land. Lat. 44 40' N. Pop. in 1810, 1,570 ; in 1820, 2 033. The principal settlement is at the falls of the west branch of Machias river. At the falls of the east branch of the river, is another con- siderable village. A bridge is erected across Mid- dle river between the two villages, which, with the causeway, is 1,900 feet long. Machias con- tains a court-house, jail, Congregational church, and 2 academies. Washington Academy in this town was incorporated in 1792. Its funds consist of Plantation JN'o. 11, lying on the E. side of Ma- chias bay. This tract is now rapidly settling, and will soon be incorporated as a town. The academy in the eastern village was recently es- tablished. The building, which is 50 feet by 38, and two stories high, was presented by the inhab- itants of the village, together with a library and philosophical apparatus valued at ,$1,500. In ad- dition, the academy is endowed with $14,000 pro- ductive funds It went into operation in 1823. There is a post-office at each of the settlements. Machias is a thriving town, and carries on consid- erable trade, principally in lumber. Here are 26 saw-mills, which cut on an average upwards of 10,000,000 feet of boards in a year. Machichaco, Cape, Spain, on the coast of Biscay. Lon. 2 47' W. Lat. 43 28' N. Machico, v. Madeira island, with a small bay and a good roadstead. Pop. 3,000. Mackigasta, settlement, S. America, in Tucu- man, 50 m. W. S. W. St. Fernand. Machnowka, t. Eu. Russia, in Kiev, 60 m. E. Braclaw. Pop. 2,350. Machrianicti Bay, Scotland, on the W. coast of Kintyre. Lon. 5 43 W. Lat. 55 27' N. Machynlleth, t. Wales, in Montgomery co. 18 m. N. E. Aberystwith, 206 N. W. London. Lon. 3 51' W. Lat. 52 35' N. Pop. 1 ,252. Maciuccoli, t. Italy, 8 m. S. W. Lucca. Mackenzie, Point, cape, on the N. W. coast of America, in Cook's Inlet. Lat. 61 13' N MAC Mackenzie's river, one of the largest rivers m N. America. It forms the outlet of Slave lake, and falls into the Frozen ocean, in about iut. 70" N. and Ion. 135 W. Its most distant sources arc Unjigah or Peace river, and Athapescow or Elk river. Its whole course is about 2,000 miles. Mackermore, small isl. near the W. coast of Scot- land. Lon. 6 43' W. Lat. 55 57' N. Mackintosh, co. Geo. on the coast at the mouth of the Alatamaha. Pop. 5,129. Slaves 3,715. En- gaged in agriculture 205, in commerce 48. Chief town, Darien. At the court-house, 12 m. N. Da- rien, is a post-office. Mac Kean, co. Pa. bounded N. by New-York, E. by Potter co. S. by Clearfield and Jefferson counties, and W. by Warren co. Pop. 728. En- gaged in agriculture 212, in commerce 2, in man- ufactures 15. Chief to wn, Cerestown. Mac Kean, t. Erie co. Pa. Pop. 440. Mac Keen, t. Licking co. Ohio. Pop. 303. Mackeysmlle, p-v. Burke co. N. C. Mackinaw. See Michillimackmack. Mac Leansboro\ p-v. Hamilton co. Illinois. Mackwa, t. Hind, in Cicacole. Lon. 83 24' E, Lat. 18 33' N. Maclahsaul, t. Hind, in Berar. Lon. 77 34' E. Lat. 22 4' N. Mac Lead' slake, lake, New Caledonia, 60 or 70 miles in circumference, which discharges its wa- ters through an outlet into Peace river. On its banks is a fort of the N. W. Fur company, in Ion. 124 W.lat.55N. Macleod's Maidens, rocks in the Caledonian sea, near the W. coast of the island of Skye. Lon. 6 36' W. Lat. 57 23' N. Mac Mahon's creek, r. Ohio, which runs into the Ohio, 5 m. below Wheeling. Mac Minn, co. East Tennessee. Pop. 1,623. Slaves 153. Engaged in agriculture 380, in com- merce 10. Chief tojpi, Calhoun. Mac Minville, p-t. and cap. Warren co. West Tennessee, S. E. Nashville. Macogna, fort, W. Africa, at the mouth of the Rio St. Domingo. Lon. 12 20' N. Macoketch, r. Missouri Territory, which falls in- to the Mississippi, in lat. 42 23' N. Macomb, co. Michigan Territory, on the river Huron of St. Clair. Chief town, Mount Clemen?. Pop. 898. Engaged in agriculture 214, in com- merce 1, in manufactures 24. Macomite, r. New Granada, which enters the ocean, in lat. 1120'N. Macon, t. France, cap. of Saone-and-Loire, is on the right bank of the Saone. The chief trade of the town is in the wine of the surrounding country. 42 m. N. Lyons, 250 S. E. Paris. Lon. 450'E. Lat. 4618'N. Pop. 11,000. Macon, r. which rises in Arkansas Territory, and flowing S. into Louisiana, joins the Tensav/. Maconsville, or Dancey^s, p-v. Northampton co. N. C. Macovpin, r. Illinois, which flows into the Mis- sissippi. Macouria, r. Guiana, which flows ihto the At- lantic, in Ion. 53 46' W. lat. 5 N. Macowall, t. Hind, in Lahore. Lon. 75 55' E. Lat. 31 14' N. M Pop. 916. Madison, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. Pop. 1,039. Madison, t. Fail-field co. Ohio, 7 m. S. Lancas- ter. Pop. 616. Madison, t. Fayette co. Ohio. Pop. 1,220. Madison, t. Franklin co. Ohio, 10 m. S. E. Co- lumbus. Pop. 1,097. Madison, p-t. Geauga co. Ohio, on lake Erie, at the mouth of Grand, river. Pop. 931. Madison, t. G uernsey co. Ohio, 10 m. N. E. Cambridge. Pop. 643. Madison, p-t. Hamilton co. Ohio. Madison, t. Highland co. Ohio. Pop. 1,112. Madison, t. Jackson co Ohio. Pop. 515. Madison, t. Licking co. Ohio. Pop. 524. Madison, t. Montgomery co. Ohio, 8 m. W. Dayton. Pop. 999. Madison, t. Muskingum co. Ohio. Pop.588. Madison, t. Perry co. Ohio, 7 m. N. E. Som- erset. Pop. 836. Madison, t. Pickaway co. Ohio, 10 m. N. Cir- cleville. Pop. 871. Madison, t. Richland co. Ohio. Pop. 552. Madison, t. Sciotoco. Ohio, 10 m. N. E. Ports- mouth. Pop. 591. Madisun, p-t. and cap. Jefferson co. Indiana, on the Ohio, 45 m. above the falls, 75 below ( nati. Pop. in 1819, 1,300. It has a 1 printing-office, and 2 churches, 1 for Met! and 1 lor Presbyterians. It has grown rap. !ly for three or four years, and is the second town in size in the State. Madison, co. Illinois, on the Mississippi, oppo- site the mouth of the Missouri. Pop. 13,550. Ln- gaged in agriculture 4,133, in commerce 47, in manufactures 101. Chief town, Edwardsville. At the court-house is a post-office. Madison, p-v. Madison co. Illinois. Madison, co. Missouri, on the St. Francis. Pop. 2,047. Slaves 371. Engaged in agriculture 469, in commerce 8, in manufactures 50. Chief town. Frederickton. Madison, r. Missouri State, one of the forks of the river Missouri. Madisonmlle, p-t. St. Tammany co. Louisiana, on lake Ponchartrain, at the mouth of the Che- functi, 27 m. N. New Orleans, 127 N. Natchez. Madisonmlle, p-t. and cap. Hopkins co. Ken. Madjar, Mudjak, or Amoul Oubsa, great lake, Siberia, in Tomsk. Madona, small isl. in the Mediterranean, 5 m. S. W. Nysari. Lon. 26 49' E. Lat. 36 31' N. Madrague, isl. France, in the Mediterranean, belonging to dep. of Mouths-of-the Rhone. Madras Territory, country, India, which has gradually increased within the last 70 years, from a barren slip of land of 5 miles in length, to the extent of a very large and populous kingdom. The countries subject to the British presidency of Fort St. George, or Madras, now comprehend nearly the whole of India south of the river Kist- nah, and the extensive province denominated the Northern Circars ; within these boundaries, how- ever, there are still three native princes, who col- lect the revenues, and exercise a certain degree of authority in their respective states ; but are wholly dependent on the British government, are protected by a military force, and pay a large an- nual tribute. These princes are the rajahs of Mysore, Travancore, and Cochin. The revenues of Madras arise principally from the land, but the charges exceed the receipts by above 500,000/. per annum. Madras, a celebrated city and fortress of the south of India, and cap. of the British possessions in that quarter. It is situated on a flat sandy shore, where the surf runs with extreme violence. Madras was taken by the French in 1744, but restored to the British, in 1749, since which it has been gradually improved, and is now one of the strongest fortresses in India. All the offices of gov- ernment, and courts of justice, are in the fort, which is called Fort St. George. The native, or black town, is north of the fort, at the distance of nearly a mile. It is surrounded by fortifications sufficient to repel any sudden attack. In 1794, the population was estimated at 300,000. The government of Madras is subordinate to the su- preme government of Bengal. A college has been lately instituted, for instructing the junior civil servants in all the native languages. The soil in the vicinity of Madras is very poor, and formerly provisions were very scarce and dear. Considerable trade is carried on with Europe, China, Ceylon, New Holland, and different part- MAD of India ; but owing to the want of a navigable river, and the difficulty of landing goods, the town labours under great disadvantages. The black town is inhabited by persons from all parts of the world, who are left to the free enjoyment of their religion. It contains an Armenian and Portuguese church, a mosque, and several Hindoo temples. There are 12 missionaries at Madras in the em- ployment of the English missionary Societies. They have established a printing press, and seve- ral schools. The climate is very hot, but not un- healthy. Lon. 80 25' E. Lat. 13 5' N. Madre de Dios, isl. off the coast of Patagonia, ISO miles in circumference. Lon. 77 46' W. Lat. 51 S. Madre de Dios. See Resolution. Madre de Popa, t. New Granada, 54 m. E. Car- thagcna. Madrid, the capital of Spain, is situated near the centre of the kingdom, in New Castile, near the small river Manzanares, about 300 miles from the sea on each side. It stands on several emi- nences in the centre of a large plain, which is elevated 2,200 feet above the level of the sea, so that Madrid is the most elevated capital in Eu- rope. It is surrounded by a high earthen wall, but has no ditch, or any other means of defence. The old streets are narrow and crooked, but many of the others are wide, straight, and regular; they are now kept clean, and well lighted. The pri- vate houses of Madrid are uniform, and have very little striking in their exterior ; they are generally low with grated windows. The public buildings are not remarkable for their architecture. The most splendid is the royal palace, which is of a square form, its walls extending each way 404 feet, and being 86 feet in height: the inclosed court is 120 feet square. It is strongly built ; its walls are thick ; its foundations deep ; its pillars strong ; and every room is vaulted, no wood be- ing admitted into its construction. It is elegantly ornamented on the outside ; the stair case is grand, and the apartment spacious, particularly the hall of audience to foreign ambassadors. This palace contains a large collection of paintings by the best masters of Flanders, Italy, and Spain : also the crown, jewels, and other regalia. Madrid enjoys almost always a cloudless sky, and a pure and se- rene atmosphere ; but the air is extremely keen, and produces very severe effects on weak consti- tutions. The population, including military, cler- gy, and strangers, is nearly 200,000. Bull fights are the favourite amusements of all ranks. There are academies for the study of history, and for painting, sculpture, and architecture; also for the Spanish language. The royal library contains above 100,000 volumes. The hospitals and other charitable institutions, are numerous. Madrid is not an ancient city. The court of Spain was not permanently fixed here till 1563. 650 m. S. S.W. Paris, 850 W. by S. Rome. Lon. 3 33' 8" W. Lat. 40 25' 7" N. Mml rid, p-t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. on the riv- er St. Lawrence, 60m. below Kingston, 110 above Montreal. Pop. 1,930. It contains the village of \Vaddington. Madrigal, t. Spain, in Old Castile, 35 m. S. S. W. Valladolid. Pop. 1,250. Madrigal, city, New Granada, 35 leagues S. Popa van. Madrilcjot, t Spain, in Xew Castile, 63 m. S. Madrid, 43 S. S. W. Toledo. Lon. 3 32' W. Lat. 3927'N. Pop. 8^)00. MAG 435 Mad river, r. N. H. which falls into the Pemige- wasset, at Campton. Mad river, r. Ohio, which runs into the E. side of the Miami, at Dayton. Mad river, t. Champaign co. Ohio. Pop. 1,345. Mad river, t. Clark co. Ohio. Pop. 734. Madrogan,t. Mocaranga, in E. Africa. Lon. 29 30' E. Lat. 18 S. Madura, a district of the south of India, between 9 and 10 N. lat. and about 78 E. Ion. In 1801, it came into the possession of the British. Madura, the capital, was formerly well fortified. Lon. 78 13' E. Lat. 9 51' N. Madura, isl. belonging to Netherlands, in the Eastern seas, off the N. coast of the island of Java, from which it is separated by a narrow channel, 100 miles long, called the straits of Madura, On the S. E. of the island is the principal town, called Samanap. Lon. 112 54' E. Lat. 6 44' to 7 15' S. Pop. 90,000. Maese, or Meuse, a large r. Europe, which rises in the French department of the Upper IVlarne, enters the Netherlands to the north of Charleville, and after receiving the Sambre, Ourthe, Ruhr, and Waal, divides, and passes under various names to the German ocean below Rotterdam. Length about 400 miles. Maestricht, t. Netherlands, cap. of the pro- vince of Limburg, on the Maese, the junction of the Jaer. It is one of the strongest places of the Netherlands. The manufactures are leather, flannel, stockings, and different kinds of coarsei cloth. Here are likewise extensive breweries and distilleries. 14 m. N. by EL Liege, 56 E. Brussels. Lon. 5 43' E. Lat. 50 48' N. Pop. 18,500. Maffamede, small isl. near the E. coast of Africa. Lat. 16 20' S. Majfalubrtnse, t. Naples, in the Terra di Lavo- ro. Pop. 2,700. Mafmala, small isl. near the E. coast of Africa* Lat 1620 ; S. Mafra, t. Portugal, in Estrenladura, 20 m. N. W. Lisbon. Pop. 1,000. Here is a cloister with a library of 50,000 volumes. Mufragg, r. Algiers, which runs into the Medi- terranean, near Cape Rosa. Mafumo, or English River. See Delagoa Bay. Magadoxo, on the E. coast of Africa, cap. of a country of the same name. The interior of this region is almost wholly unknown. The inhabit- ants always oppose a most determined resistance to Europeans, and the Portuguese never were able to establish any footing there. Lon. 46 30' E Lat. 28'N. Maganja, r. E. Africa, which runs into the Zam- beze, in Ion. 33 40' E. lat. 16 20' S. Magaraba, range of mountains in Algiers, ex- tending about 30 miles along the coast of the Mediterranean. Magarzan, small isl. in the Red sea, near the coast of Africa. Lat. 21 10' S. Magaugiutdarick, r. New Brunswick, which runs into Passamaquoddy bay opposite St. An- drews. It has falls at the head of tide waters, 6 m. from its mouth, and another 9 miles farther up the river, at both which saw mills are erect- ed, and immense quantities of pine and other lumber yearly manufactured. At the lovrer falls is a settlement containing 2 churches and about 700 inhabitants. There is also a small settlement at the upper falls. Magazine mountain, Arkansas ter. on the S 436 MAG M A H side of Arkansas river, 10 miles distant, above the junction of the Petit John. It is 1,000 or 1,200 feet high. Magdalen River, r. Lower Canada, which runs into the river St. Lawrence, in Ion. 65' 5' W. lat. ' 49 12' N. Magdnlrna, the largest river of New Grenada, which rises near Popayan, between 1 and 2 N. lat. and al'ter a northerly course in the valley be- tween the great longitudinal ridges of the Andes, of 1,000 Allies, for 600 of which it is navigable, falls into the sea, 63m. N. E. Carthagena, in lat. 11 2' N. Magdalena, r. Mexico, in Texas, which runs into the sea, between the rivers Flores and Mexi- . cano. Magdalene Islands, cluster of islands, 7 in num- ber, in the gulf of ^t. Lawrence, 42 m. N. W. the island of Cape Breton. Lon. 61 4tf W. Lat. 47 iyto4742'N. Magdeburg, a district of the Prussian states, in the province of Saxony,composed of the old dutchy of Magdeburg, the part of the Old Mark lying to the left oi'the t:ibe,the principality of Halberstadt, the abbey of Quedlinburg, the county of Wernige- rode, the barony of Schauen, and the bailiwicks of Kloetze, Barby, and Gommern. Extent, 4,400 sq. miles. Pop. 446,000. It is divided into 15 circles. It consists* almost entirely of a fertile level tract. Corn is raised for exportation ; and the quantity of flax and hemp is very large. The area of the old dutchy of Magdeburg was 2,060 square miles. Pop. 290,000. Magdeburg, large city Prussian states, cap. for- merly of a dutchy, now of a district, in the pro- vince of Saxony, situated in a very beautiful, though flat country, on both sides of the Elbe. It is one of the strongest fortresses in Germany, be- ing surrounded with a number of out-works, and having a citadel on an island in the river, with an arsenal and store-houses. Magdeburg is well built, and has several beautiful squares. The most remarkable public buildings are the royal exchequer, the house where the different courts used to assemble ; the ducal palace, the regency house, the government house, the new and old ar- senals, &c. The manufactures are extensive, and consist of woollen, linen, stockings, hats, leather, tobacco, soap, and wax. The navigation of the Elbe is of great importance to trade, particularly since relieved by the congress of Vienna, (1815,) from a part of the numerous tolls collected at different places. 75 m. W. S. W. Berlin, 62 N. N. W. Leipsic, 120 S. S. E. Hamburgh. Lon. 11 38' E. Lat 52 8' N. Pop. in 1817, 35,448, of whom 28,000 were Protestants, and the rest Cath- olics and Jews. .M'/L->/ftoliii, small isl. Denmark, in the Baltic, near the S. coa^t of Laland. Lon. 11 17' E. Lat. 5443'N. Magellan, Straits of, a passage between the At- lantic and Pacifn; oceans, at the S.extremity of the continent of America, upw;irJ- l .{00 miles in length, in some places several leagues over, and in others not half a league. The passage through these straits is dangerous in the extreme. Lon. 74 to 77 W. Lat. 52 J '30' to 54" S. Mageroe, isl.on the coast of Norwegian Lapland, containing Cape North, in Ion. 26 0' 45'' E. lat. 71 1 V 30" N 7 . Magerrille, t. Sunbury co. New Brunswick, on the W. side of the river St. John. Maggenla, t. Austrian Italy, in the Milanese, 13 m. W: Milan. Pop. 4,000. Maggeri, t. India, in Mysore. Lon. 77 37' E. Lat. 12 57' N. Maggiore^ Lake. See Lago Maggiore. Magharee,or Seren J/ogs,cluster of small island?. on the W. coast of Ireland, at the entrance into Trtxlee bay. Lon. 9 55' W. Lat. 52 19' N. Magrtmore Bay, bay on the S. E. coast of Ire- land, 5 m. S. \Vicklowhead. Magillugan Point, cape, Ireland, at the entrance of Lough Foyle, 18 m. N. E. Londonderry. Lon. 650'W. Lat. 55 12' N. Magindnnno, isl. in the eastern seas, the most southerly of the Philippines, about 300 miles long, and 800 in circumference. Sq. miles, 30,000. It has so many points running into the sea, with large bays of corresponding depth, that it is ex- tremely favourable for piracy, as it affords har- bours, and lurking places in case of pursuit. The soil is well watered. Rice is produced in great plenty ; as also yams, sweet, potatoes, cocoa nuts, oranges, limes, and all fruits common to tropical climates. The inhabitants are all given to piracy, and even depend on it as a resource for subsistence. They cruize among the Philippines, where they attack trading vessels, and frequently extend their depredations to Java, Sumatra, Borneo, and Celebes. They had the temerity to attack the set- tlement at Prince of Wales' island, soon after its establishment in 1788, but were repulsed with loss. In 1803, they fitted out a fleet of 40 prows, with the intention of invading the India company's settle- ments in Celebes, but were met and defeated. Lon. 119 30' to 125 E. Lat. 5 40' to 9 55* N. Magin- danao, the principal town and residence of the sul- tan, is in Ion. 124 40' E. lat. 7 9' N. Magnac Laval, t. France, in Upper-Vienne, 24 m. N. Limoges. Pop. 2,800. Magna Vacca, t. States of the Church, on a ca- nal, which extends from the Adriatic to the town of Commachio, 3m. S. E. Commachio. Magnetical island, isl. in the Pacific ocean, near the N. E. coast of New Holland. Lon. 213 22' W. Lat. 19 8' S. Magnisa, t. Asia Minor, the ancient Magnesia, which was at one time the capital of the Greek em- pire. It was particularly celebrated for its mag- nificent temple, dedicated to Diana Leucophryne. Tt is still large and populous. 20 m. N. N. E. Smyr- na. Lon. 27 18' E. Lat. 38 44' N. Magnorka, t. Eu. Russia, in Kiev, 43 m. S. Zy- tomiers. Pop. 2,400. Magny, t. France, in Seine-and-Oise, 30 m. N. W. Paris. Pop. 1,400. Magora, s-p. Arabia, on the Red sea, 150 m. N. N. W. Loheia. Magpie River, r. Canada, which runs into the gulf of St. Lawrence, 6 m. W. of the St. John. Magra, r. Italy, which falls into the Mediterra- nean a little E. of the gulf of Spr v./i:i. Magruders, p-v. Prince George 'sco. Mil. Magunri, Cft/)?, on the coast of Brazil. Lon. 49 58' W. Lat. 01G'S. Maguelo?mf,Etang de, an inlet of the Mediterra- nean, in France, about 40 miles long, and 1 or 2 broad. Lon 3" 55' K. Lat. 43 29' N. Majfuiba, r. W. Africa, which falls into the sea a little E. of Cape Monte. Mahaltalepuram, t. India, in the Caruatic. In the vicinity are celebrated ruins of ancient Hindoa temples, dedicated to Vishnu. Lon. 78 18' E- Lat. 1223'N. M A H Mahabutport, t. Bengal. Lon. 90 48' E. Lat. 23 13' N. Mahalla. See Mehallct. Mahanguin, the S. extremity of the island of Marindugera. Lon. 121 51' E. Lat. 13 16' N. Mct/ianlanzo, r. Pa. which falls into the E. side of the Su?qiiehannah, IS m. below Sunbury. Mahantango, t. Northumberland co. Pa. Pop. in 1810, 1,605. Mahantango Lower, t. Schuylkill co. Pa. Pop. 937. Mahantawo Upper, t. Schuylkill eo. Pa. Pop. 863. Mahanuddy, [The Large River,] r. Hind, which fall? into the bay of Bengal by several mouths, about ?0N.lat. Maharajegunge, t. Bengal, in Purneah, on the E. side of the Mahanuddy river. Lon. 88 5' E. Lat. 26 5' N. Make, isl. in the Indian sea, one of the group called the Sechelles. Lon. 55 30' E. Lat. 4 45' S. Muhr, t. India, on the coast of Malabar, near Tellicherry. It carries on a trade in pepper. Lon. 7538'E. Lat. 11" 42' N. Ma/tim, t. Hind, on the N. point of the island of Bombay. It has a small Portuguese church. It is one of the stations of the American Board of Com- missioners for Foreign Missions. 6 miles N. of the city. Mahim, t. Hind, in Dowlatabad, belonging to the Mahrattaa. Lon. 72 48' E. Lat 19 33' N. Mahlberg, or Mallberg, t. Baden, 6m W. S. W. Lahr. Pop. 900. Mahmoodabad, city, Hind, in Gujerat, 10 m. S. Kaira. Lon. 72 52' E. Lat. 22 47' N. Mahmoodabad, t. Hind, in Agra. Lon. 79 25' E. Lat. 27 19' N. Maftmoodpore, t. Bengal, 75 m. N. E. Calcutta. Mahtnoodshi, district of Bengal, mostly situated on the S. bank of the Ganges. Mahommed-ameenpore, extensive district. Hind. of 700 sq. miles, on the W. bank of the Bhaggarut- ty river, comprehending Hoogly, and all the other European towns on the'W. side of the river. Motion^ r. Ireland, in Waterford, which runs in- to the sea, 11 m. E. Dungarvan. M'ifion, Port. See Port Mahon. Mahoning, r. Pa. which runs into the Allegha- ny, 5 m. below Franklin. Mahoning, t. Columbia co. Pa. Pop. 1,478. Mahoning, i. Mercer co. Pa. Pop. 1,647. Mahoning, t. Indiana co. Pa. Pop. 1,106. Maf toning, r. which rises in Ohio, and passing into Pennsylvania, joins the Ohio. Jllalioni/, p-t. Northumberland co. Pa. Pop. 1,639. Mahony, Lower, t. Northumberland co. Pa. Pop. 1,214. Mahony, Little, t. Northumberland co. Pa. Pop. 447. Mnltoor, district, Hind, in Berar. Mahoor, the capital, is in Ion. 78" 33' E. lat. 20 4' N. -V.;// ,/.-/, t. Hind, in Allahabad. Lon. 87 47' E. M A I 437 Territory, a very extensive country of : ''in, which, 'till very recently, extended what is called the peninsula of India, from < -it nearly to the banks of the Ganges, and rly to the northern borders of the Mysore. e Mahrsr -mo-it formidable Hindoo power, and of laV: ),;, v ,, l,,.,. Tl frequently engaged in wars with the Bnl ,!,. '| l,r>i r whole army till lately, was composed of cavalry. They are not, however, very formidable as a regular force, de- pending much more on the celerity of their mo- tions, and sudden incursions, than in boldly meet- ing their enemy ; their only arms are a sword and spear, and their only camp equipage blankets or horse cloths. Thus tmincumbered, and their horses being fed indiscriminately on the dry thatch of the houses, or the growing corn of the fields, they march at the rate of 50 miles a day. Mahrish Cromau, or Morawski Krumlow, t. Mo- ravia, 15 m. W. S. W. Brunn. Pop. 1,400. Mahy River, r. Hind, which falls into the gulf of Cambay, after a course of 280 miles. Maida, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 9 m. W. S. W. Squillace. Here an action was fought, 4th July 1806, between the British and French, in which the latter were defeated. Pop. 3,000. Maiden Bradley, v. Eng. in Wilts, 7 m. from Hendon and Warminster. Pop. 603. Maiden creek, r. Pa. which runs into the Schuyl- kill, 7 m. N. Reading. Maiden creek, t. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 1,192. Maiden Newton, t. Eng. in Dorsetshire, on the river Frome, 8 m. N.W. Dorchester. Maiden Rocks, rocks near the N. coast of Java. Lon. 114 36' E. Lat. 7 38' S. Maidenhead, t. Eng. in Berks co. on the Thames. 26 m. W. London. Lon. 43' W. Lat. 51 31' N. Pop. 1,000. Maidenhead, t. Hunterdon co. N. J. 6 m. N. E. Trenton. Pop. 1,086. Matdstone, t. Eng. in Kent, on the Medway, which is here navigable for vessels of 50 or 60 tons. Here the assizes for the county are held. The new buildings for the county jail, &c. are among the most splendid in the kingdom, covering a space of above 13 acres of land, and classification is here carried to its greatest extent, there being 27 sepa- rate airing yards, and not less than 450 sleeping cells for prisoners. The principal produce of the neighbourhood is hops ; and Maidstone is the first hop market in the kingdom. It is a borough, and sends two members to parliament. 9 m. S. Roch- ester, 27 W. Canterbury, 34 S. E. London. Lon. 31' E. Lat. 51 16' N. Pop. 10,462. Maidstone, t. Essex co. Up. Canada, on the S, side of Lake St. Clair. Maidstone, p-t. Essex co. Vt. on Connecticut river, 53 m. N. E. Montpelier. Pop. 166. Maig, r. Ireland, which runs into the Shannon, 7 m. below Limerick. Maignelay, t. France, in Oise, 14 m. N. E. Cler- mont. Pop. 900. Maihidpore, t. Hind, in Malwah, belonging to the Mahrattas, situated on the banks of the Soprah river. In the vicinity of this place a severe battle was fought, 21st December, 1817, between the troops of Holkarand the British, in which the for- mer were defeated. 20 m. N. Oojan, the capital of Scindia. Mailcolta, t. India, in Mysore, and one of the most celebrated places of Hindoo worship. It is said that the temple is extremely rich, and that idols are covered with jewels. Lon. 76 52' E. Lat. 1238'N. Maillard, bold promontory, in Lower Canada, on the N. coast of the St. Lawrence, 22 m. below the island of Orleans. Maillebois, t. France, in Eure-and-Loire, 12 m. S. E. Verneuil. Pop. 800. Maillezais, t. France, in La Vendee, 6 m. S, Fontenay. Pop. 1,150. Maimatschin, t. China, on the borders of Mon- 438 M A I grolia, where the Chinese exchange their wares with the Russians. Maina, a mountainous district of Greece, in the Morea, comprising the S. E. part of the ancient province of Laconia. It is the least fertile part of the peninsula, consisting chiefly of the extensive ridge of mountains, known by the name of Tayge- tus. The inhabitants called Mainotti or Mainotes, amount to between 40,000 and 50,000. They style themselves the descendants of the ancient Lacedemonians ; and, aided by the natural strength of their mountains, have defended their liberty against the Turks, with a bravery and constancy not unworthy of such distinguished ancestors. Mainburg, t Bavaria, 38 m. N. N. E. Munich. Pop. 900. Maine, one of the U. States, bounded N.W. and JV. by Lower Canada ; E. by New Brunswick ; S. by the Atlantic, and W. by New Hampshire. It lies between 43 05' and 48 N. lat. and between 66 49' and 70 55' W. Ion. and is estimated to con- tain 32,000 sq. miles, or 24,480,000 acres. It is divi- ded into 9 counties and 246 towns. Pop. in 1790, 96,540 ; in 1800, 151,719; in 1810, 228,705 ; and in 1820, 297,335 : of whom there were engaged in ag- riculture 55,031, in commerce 4,297, in manufac- tures 7,643. The most populous parts of the State are the counties on Kennebeck river, and the sea-coast, particularly in the S.W. The northern half of the State is yet uninhabited, and almost un- explored. The principal lakes are Umbagog, which lies partly in New-Hampshire, Moosehead, Chesuncook, and Sebago. The principal rivers are the Penobscot, Kennebeck, Saco, Androscog- gin, and in the northern part of the State, the St. John and its branches. An extensive district in the N.W.. part of the State, around the great lakes and head waters of the Kennebeck and Penobscot, is mountainous. The rest of Maine is generally hilly, and the hills diminish in height on every side, as you recede from the mountains. The south-western part of the State, and the tract of country along the sea-coast, from 10 to 20 miles wide, has generally a poor soil, though in some places tolerably fertile. The land on the Kenne- beck, and between that river and the Penobscot, is excellent. East of the Penobscot, it is less pro- ductive. The mountainous tract in the N.W. has a poor soil. The lands on St. John river and its numerous branches, are said to be very fertile, but this part of the State is not yet settled. The principal productions of Maine are grass, Indian corn, wheat, barley, rye, and flax. A large por- tion of the Stat3 is yet covered with forests. Lum- ber is the great article of export. It is brought down all the rivers in large quantities. The oth- er articles are fish, potash, beef, and pork. Maine is finely situated for commerce. It has an exten- sive sea-coast, abounding with fine harbours, and is intersected by numerous navigable rivers, which open an easy communication with the interior. The nearest market for the S. W. section of the State, is Portland ; for the country on the Kenne- beck, Hallowell ; for the country on the Penobscot, Bangor. The natural market for the northern half of the State, which is yet unsettled, will he Quebec, in Lower Canada, and Frederickton in New Brunswick. The value of the exports for the year ending Sept. 30th, 1820, was $1,108,030. The value of the manufactures in 1810, was $3,741,116. The principal literary institutions are Bowdoin college in Brunswick, the Maine charity school at Bangor, and the Literary and M A J Theological Institution at Waterville. The Con- gregational ists and Baptists are the most numerous religious denominations. They have each more thau 100 congregations. Maine was admitted into the Union iii 1B20. The Hon. William D. Williamson, of Bangor, is preparing a history of the State. Maine, large r. which rises in the Fichtel moun- tains, in the centre of Germany, and at first con- sists of 2 branches, the Red and White Maine, which unite at Steinhaus It then flows through Upper and Lower Maine, passes by Frankfort, and falls, with a wide channel add copious stream, in- to the Rhine, opposite to Mentz. It is navigable as far as Bamberg. Its principal tributaries are the Regnitz, Saale and Tauber. Maine, Lower, a circle of the Bavarian States, comprising certain territories acquired by the treaty of Vienna, in 1815, and the exchanges con- sequent on that treaty. These are the grand dutchy of Wurzburg, the principality of Fulda, and certain portions of the grand dutchies of Hesse and Fulda. The whole form an extensive prov- ince adjoining Baden, Hesse-Cassel, and Hesse- Darmstadt. Extent, 3,000 square miles. Pop. 423,000. The majority of the inhabitants are Catholics. The chief town is Wurzburg. Maine, Upper, a circle of the Bavarian States, comprising the principalities of Bamberg and Up- per Bayreuth, with the northern part of the Upper Palatinate. It lies contiguous to Bohemia and Saxony, has an area of 3,460 square miles, and 434,000 inhabitants. The chief town is Bay- reuth. Mainland-Loire, a department in the W. of France, contiguous to the departments of the Mayenne, the Sarthe, and the Indre-and-Loire. Extent, nearly 4,000 square miles. Pop. 404,600. Angers is the capital. Maine-and- Tauber, a circle in the N. E. part of the grand dutchy of Baden. Pop. 96,000. Mainland of Orkney. See Pomona. Mainland of Shetland, the largest of the Shet- land islands, 60 miles long from N. to S. and from 6 to 18 broad. The soil is unfavorable for vegeta- tion. The hills are mostly covered with heath, and afford good pasturage for black cattle anil sheep. Pop. 14,000. Mainotli, or Mainots. See Maina. Mainsae, t. France, in La Creuse, 12 m. S. S. W. Evaux. Pop. 1,300. Mainlenon, t. France, in Eure-and-Loire, on the Eure, 11 m. N. Chartres. Pop. 1,600. Maipo, r. Chili, in the province of Rnncagua. It enters the Pacific ocean in lat. 33 43' 2" S. Maire, small isl. on the S. E. coast of France, op- posite Cape Croisette. Maire, La, Straits of, a narrow channel or pas- sage from the Atlantic to the Pacific ocean, be- tween Terra del Fuego and Staten Land. It is about 15 miles long. Maissy, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 85 7' E. Lat. 26 2tf N. Maisy, Cape, the E. extremity of the island of Cuba. Lon. 74 4' 15" W. Lat 20 20' N. Maitea, isl. in the Pacific ocean, only 3 miles in circuit, subject to the sovereign of Otaheite. Lon. 148 12' W. Lat. 1753'S. Majir, v. Biledulgerid, in the S. E. extremity of Algiers. Lon. 6 29' E. Lat. 33 30' N. Majorca, the principal of the Balearic isles, a group situated in the Mediterranean, to the east of Spain, aoxl subject to that crown. It is about 100 miles from the coa^l of Spain, and 150 from, M A L Algiers. Lon. 2 IS' to 3 24' E. Lat. 39 15' to 39 57' N. Extent, 1,410 square miles. Pop. about 136,000, of whom no less than 3,700 are priests, monks, or nuns. It is almost surrounded by a chain of mountains, a branch of which penetrates towards the centre of the Island. Its climate is in general temperate. The exports consist of olive oil, wine, spirits, oranges, lemons, almonds, cheese, capers, and beans. Palmar is the capital. Majorca, province, Spain, comprising the Bale- aric and Pithyusae islands. Sq. miles, 1,775. Pop. 187,000. Makarier, t. Eu. Russia, 140 m. E. Kostroma. Pop. 1,600. Lon. 40 E. Lat. 57 40' N. Makariev, t. Eu. Russia, on the Wolga, 60 m. E. Niznei-Novgorod. Pop. 800. Lon. 42 39' E. Lat. 55 34' N. Makaya, i. Cay or, in W. Africa, 21m. from the sea, 60 S. of the Senegal. Makejield, Lower, t. Bucks co. Pa. Pop. 1,204. Makejield, Upper, t. Bucks co. Pa. Pop. 1,367. Maker, v Eng. in Cornwall and Devonshire, 2 m. from Plymouth. Pop. 3,678. Makerra. See Sigg. Makkun, t. Netherland, in Friesland, 10 m. S. S. W. Franeker. Pop. 2,000. Makonda, s-p. W. Africa, 40 m. N.W. Loango. Makooa, a people of E. Africa, inhabiting the country behind Mosambique. They comprise a number of very powerful tribes, reaching from Melindo southwhard to the Zambeze. They cher- ish the most inveterate enmity against the Portu- guese. Makow, t. Poland, 40 m. N. Warsaw. Pop. 1,500. Makrinitza, t. Greece, in Magnesia, 40 m. S. E. Larissa. Pop. 2,000. Mala, r. Peru, which falls into the Pacific ocean inlat. 12 40 S. Mala, Punta de, cape, S. America, on the bay of Panama. Lon. 58 W. Lat. 7 30 N Malabar, a province, Hind, between 10 and 13 N. lat. bounded N. by Camara, S. by the rajah of Cochin's territories, E. by the Western Ghauts, and W. by the sea. The part bordering on the sea has a level poor soil ; the rest consists of dif- ferent ranges of hills, extending to the foot of the mountain. Some of these hills, and all the vallies between are extremely fertile. The chief pro- duce of this region is timber, sandal- wood, cocoa nuts, coir, and black pepper. Its principal towns are Calicut, Tellicherry, and Cananore. There are several colonies of oriental Christians, Jews, and Mahometans, established in Malabar. The descendants of Portuguese, and converts to the Roman Catholic religion are now very numerous, but are not on good terms with the Nestorian or oriental Christians. The province now belongs to the British, and in 1807, yielded a revenue of 250,000/. The name of Malabar is frequently, but erroneously applied to the whole of the western coast of India. Malabar, Cape, or Sandy Point, the S. E. ex- trnmity of Cape Cod. Lon. 70 3' W. Lat. 41 Malabar Point, a remarkable promontory on Ihe island of Bombay, near which there is a cele- temple, an object of Hindoo pilgrimage. Malacca, a country of India beyond the Ganges, consisting of a large peninsula, connected with Siam by the isthmus of Kraw. At all other points i- unrounded by the sea, having on the W. the ndian ocean and the straits of Malacca, which M A L 439 separate it from Sumatra ; on the E. the gulf of Siam and the Sea of China. It extends from 1 to 11 N. lat. being 775 miles long, and on an average, 125 broad. The country is traversed by a chain of very lofty mountains, and covered with exten- sive forests and marshes. It was formerly subject to Siam, but all the southern part of the peninsula has now shaken off the yoke, while the northern states pay only a moderate tribute. The leading inhabitants are of the race called Malays, who are well known, and widely diffused throughout all the eastern seas, and whose piratical habits render them the terror of Asia. In the pursuit of plunder and*of conquest, they are brave, ferocious, and vindictive. They are merciless to enemies and strangers, and capricious even to friends. Piracy is most deeply rooted in their nature. The Malay language is distinguished above all others in the east for its smoothness and softness, in which respects it has been compared to the Italian. It has become like the French in Europe, a sort of current and universal language over all the sea coasts, and in all mercantile socie- ties of eastern Asia. This distinction it has at- tained in consequence of the extensive traffic which the Malays carry on throughout all these countries. Malacca, the capital of the country above de- scribed, is on the W. coast, on the straits of Ma- lacca. It was formerly one of the principal Por- tuguese settlements, and the key of their trade with the seas beyond India ; but in 1640 it was taken by the Dutch, and retained by them till 1795, when it was subjected by a British force. After the formation, however, of the settlement at Pulo Penang, or Prince of Wales' Island, that at Ma- lacca was found to be of little or no use as a place of trade. The garrison and stores were therefore withdrawn, the fortifications razed, and the whole place dismantled. Since that time its com- mercial importance is almost entirely lost. The imports are opium, piece goods, silks, and dollars ; and the exports chiefly tin, pepper, sago, canes, elephants' teeth, and some gold dust. Malacca is one of the most important stations of the London Missionary Society. They have five missionaries here ; and a printing-office, from which two peri- odical works are issued, and Tracts in great num- bers, both in the Malay and Chinese languages. The printing-office affords regular employment to sixteen men and boys. In 1818, an Anglo-Chi- nese college was established, the object of which is to instruct Chinese youth in the English lan- guage and the principles of Christianity, and to impart to missionaries and others a knowledge of the language and literature of China. Lon. 102 12' E. Lat. 2 14' N. Malacca, Straits of, a narrow sea between the island of Sumatra and the country of Malacca, extending from the equator to lat. 5 N. Malaga, city, Spain, in Granada, on the coast of the Mediterranean, at the extremity of a deep bay, with a large plain to the N. while on the E. and W. it is sheltered by lofty mountains. The harbour is capable of containing about 400 mer- chant vessels and 20 ships of the line, and those of Ships may enter with all winds, and are perfectly sheltered. The rivers Guadalmedina and Gua- dalorce discharge their waters at this place into the ocean, after traversing a succession of the most fertile vallies in Europe : and in these are produ- ced those fruita in which the city carries on so ex- 440 M A L tensive a trade. These are figs, almonds, 01 lemons, and olives ; but the great export is wine. The vineyards on the surrounding hill? produce annually between 2,000 and 3,00(7 pipes of wine, of which the one half is exported. 55 m. VV. S. VV. Granada, 203 S. by \V. Madrid. Lon. 4 25' VV. Lat. 36 43' N. Pop. 52,000. Malfl%on, t. Spain, in New Castile, 12m. N. N. W. Ciiidad Real. Malahide, t. Middlesex co. Up. Canada, on lake Erie. Malalais, small isl. in the sea of Mindoro. Lon. 120 51' E. Lat. 11 1,T N. Malarnocco, t. Austrian Italy, on an island in the gulf of Venice. Pop. 1,100. Malaneo Islands, 2 small islands in the Pacific, near the E. coast of Lucon. Lon. 122 28' E. Lat. 18 t> N. Malar, or Makr, lake, Sweden, which is about 60 miles long, and from 20 to 30 broad, and com- municates with the Baltic at Stockholm. It con- tains upwards of 1,200 islands. Malatayor, Cape-, cape on the S. coast of Borneo. Lon. 1 14 E. Lat. 3 24' S. Malatia, t. Asia Minor, 15 m.W. of the Euphra- tes, on the site of the ancient Melitene. 90 m. W. N. VV. Diarbekir. Malaucenne, t. France, in Vaucluse, 18 m. N. E. Avignon. Pop. 2,600. Malavilly,t. India, in Mysore, 35 m. from Serin- gapatam. Lon. 77 16' E. Lat. 12 23' N. Ma'azgherd, t. Turkish Armenia, on the Morad. It is the ancient Maurocastrum. 80 m. S. S. E. Erzerum. Malbay, bay on the W. coast of Ireland, extend- ing from Hog's Head to Ballard's Point. Malbay, r. Lower Canada, which falls into the St. Lawrence from the N. nearly opposite to the Camarouska islands, 90 m. below Quebec. Malchin, t. Germany, in Mecklenburg-Schwe- rin, 22 m. E. Gustrow. Pop. 2,500. Malchow, t. Germany, in Mecklenburg-Schwe- rin, 23 m. S. by E. Gustrow. Pop. 1,000. Malcom Porn/, a low sandy point on the S. coast of New Holland. Lon. 123" 42' E. Lat. 33 48' S. Malda, district, Bengal, on the N. E. side of the Ganges. Malda, the capital, is in Ion. 88 4' E. lat.253'N. Maldegem, t. Netherlands, in East Flanders, 12 m. E. Bruges. Pop. 4,700. Maiden, Up. Canada. Sec Amherstburg. Maiden, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 4 m. N. Boston. It is connected with Charlestown by a bridge over Mystic river. Pop. 1,731. Here are extensive dye houses, and a large nail factory. Maldives, a cluster of islands formed from coral, in the Indian ocean, lying between the equator and the 8th degree of N. lat. and between 72 and 74 E. Ion. They were formerly much frequented by trading ships from India ; but from the difficul- ties experienced in procuring a cargo for a large ressel, and the dangerous navigation, this triido has been given up, and it is now carried on in their own boats, some of them of 30 tons burden. The chief produce of these islands is cocoa-nuts, and the small shells called cowrie, which pass as coin all over India. Maldon, Maiden, or Maiden Water, ancient bo- rough and t. Eng. in Essex co. on the estuary of the Blackwater. It sends two members to parlia- ment. 36 m. N. E. London. Lon. 0" 40' E. Lat. 5144'N. Pop. 2,679. M A L Matdonado, t. Buenos Ayres, on the N. side of the river Plata, near its mouth. Lon. 55 36' VV. Lat. 34 50' S. Pop. 2,000. Male, isl. in the Indian ocean, and principal of those called the Maldives. Lon. 73" 10' E. Lat. 6 20' N. Malta, Cape, or Cape St. Angelo, a promontory on the S. coast of the Morea. -Lon. 23 I'/ E. Lat. 36 27' N. Malec a, or Malecca, cape on the N. coast of the island of Candia. Lon. 24 4' E. Lat. 35 3# N. Maleensuonoo, isl. in the Eastern seas, near the S. W.coabt of Palawan. Lon. 117 22' E. Lat. {f 11' N. Maleepoethas, one of the Sooloo islands in the Eastern seas. Lon. 120 18' E. Lat. 6 3' N. Malel. SeeMelli. Mfilemba, s-p. in Loango, W. Africa. It is on a hill, 400 feet high, overlooking a very safe bay, where ships may anchor at about a mile and a half from the town. The slaves brought to this port are of excellent quality, sir- ". inured both to fatigue and subordination. 6u m. S. of Lo- ango. Malenowitz,t. Moravia, 27 m. S. "'. Olmutz. Pop. 1,200. Malesherbes, t. France, in Loiret,35 m. N.E. Or- leans. Pop. 1,000. Maletroit, t. France, in Morbihan, 20 m. N. E. Vannes. Pop. 1,800 Maleya, t. S. coast of the island of Ternate. Lon. 12 14' E. Lat. 8 55' N. Malgara, t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, 100 m.W. Constantinople. Pop. 2.500. Malgral, t. Spain, in Catalonia, on the Mediter- ranean, 18 m. E. N. E. Mataro. Pop. 3,21)0. Mat/icurcux Islands, small islands,U. S. in; lake Borgne, 3 or 4 miles from the coast of Mississippi. Malicorne, t. France, in Sarthe, 10 m. N. La Fleche. Pop. 1,100. Malicoy, isl. in the Indian ocean, between the Laccadive and Maldive islands. Lon. 72 45' E. Lat. 8 20' N. Maiinalco, t. Mexico, 20 leagues S. E. Mexico. Malinfiead, the N. point of Ireland, 23 m. N. Londonderry. Lon. 7 15' VV. Lat. 55 23' N. Mallawalle, small isl. N. of Borneo. Lon. 117 29' E. Lat. 72 /> N. Mallemort, t. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone, 25 E. by S. Aries. Pop. 1,800. Mullen, (an. Manlia,) t. Spain, in Arragon, 33 m. VV. by N. Saragossa. Pop. 2,400. Mallerille, t. France, in Aveyron, 6 m. N. E. Villefranche. Pop. 2,300. MalicoUo, or Manicola, isl. one of the largest of the New Hebrides, in the Pacific ocean, about 18 leagues long, and from 5 to 7 wide. Lon. 167 57' 23" E. Lat. 16 25' 20'' S. Mulling, West, or Town Mailing,*.. Eng. in Kent, 29 m. S. E. London. Pop. 1,154. Mnl/isun's Island, isl. off the N. coast of New Holland. Lon. 136 8' E. Lat. 12" 11 J' S. Mu Hindoo, bay, Borneo. Lon. 117 2' E. Lat. 6 45' N. Mallory^ s store, p-v.Wilkes co. Geo. Mallow, t. Ireland, in Cork co. on the Blackwa- ter, 32 m. S. Limerick, and 14 N. Cork. Lon. 8 30 W. IdLBVyN. Mnllurrr. t. N ind. in Gundwaneh. Lon. 82" 50'' E. Lat. 20 34' N. Mn/rntdy, t. Prussian province of the Lower Rhine, 20 m. S. Aix-la-Chapclle. Lon. 6 E. Lat. 50 28' N. Pop. 4,400. M A L Malmcsbury Port, bay on the W. coast of an island in the Pacific. Lon. 225 59' E. Lat. 56 17*' N. Malmisch, t. Eu. Russia, on the river Viatka. Lon. 50 1 4' E. Lat. 56 44' N. Malmo, t. Sweden, on the Sound. It is one of the strongest towns of the kingdom. 18 m. E. S. E. Copenhagen. Lon. 13 1' 19" E. Lat. 55 36' 37" N. Pop. 5,900. Malmohus-Lan, or Government ofMalmohus,one ef the new divisions of Sweden. It lies along the Sound and the Baltic, in the S. W. corner of the kingdom, and includes a great part of the ancient Shonen or Scania. Extent, 1,380 sq. miles. Pop. 137,000. Mabnsbury, borough, Eng. 23 m. N. E. Bath, 95 W. London. Lon. 2 5' W. Lat. 51 35' N. Pop. 1,152. Malnore,i. Hind, in Delhi,belonging to'the Seiks. Lon. 75 18'E. Lat. 30 22' N. Maloi-Jaroslotcitz, t. Russia, in Kaluga. Here a sanguinary action took place between the French and Russians in October, 1812. Lon. 36 14' E. Lat. 55 50' N. Pop. 1,650. Malone, formerly Esraville,p-t. and cap. Frank- lin co. V. Y. 42 m. W. Plattsburg, 220 N Alba- ny. Pop. 1,130. The village stands on Salmon river. Malpartida, t. Spain, in Estremadura, 2 m. S. E. Plasencia. Pop. 1,300. Ma/pas, t. Eng. in Cheshire, 2 m. from Whit- church. Lon. 2 45' W. Lat. 53 1' N. Malplaquet, v. France, dep. of the North. Pop. 1,100. It is famous as the scene of one of the most sanguinary battles recorded in history, fought on the llth September 1709, between the French, under Marshal Villa's, and the allies, commanded by the duke of Maryborough and Prince Eugene. 9m. S. Mons. Malpoorah, t. Hind, in Lahore. Lon. 75 45' E. Lat. 31 26' N. Malsch, t. Baden, 13 m. E. by. S. Spire. Pop. 1,900. Malsen, or Malsesina, t. Austrian Italy, 18 m. N. N W. Verona. Mnlstrom, or Moskoe-slrom, a violent whirlpool on the coast of Norway, near the island of Moskoe. It is dangerous to shipping, except during a short time at high and low water; but it is most terrific when the N W. wind blows in opposition to the tide. It then forms an immense whirlpool, which draws to its centre and swallows up the boats and fish that approach it, while its roaring noise is heard at a distance of several miles. At these times, ships have been known to be attracted to it from a distance of 5 or 6 English miles. Lon. 10 4ff E. Lat. 68 8' N. Malta, isl. of the Mediterranean, 20 miles long, 2 broad, and 60 in circumference ; its distance from Sicily about 50. Its coast is in general steep mi I rugged, the only good harbors being those of Marza and VJarza Murzet, which are separated by the peninsula on which La Valetta, the chief town is situated. The two small islands of Gozzo and Comino belong to Malta, being separated from it only by a narrow channel. Extent of the three islands, 170 sq. miles. Pop. 90,000, of whom above 75,000 arc in Malta, which is thu? one of the mwt populous spots on the globe. The soil is formed of a reddish loamy mould, lying on a basis of n.f k, :md seldom exceeding from 10 to 16 riches in depth. Every spot is cultivated with .the greatest care ; and soil, when deficient, is sup- 56 M A M 441 plied in ship loads from Sicily. Most of the pro- ductions, both of Europe and the tropical cli- mates, which have been tried here, have succeed- ed. From 1530 to 1798, Malta was in possession of the knights of St. John of Jerusalem, who high- ly distinguished themselves by their resistance to the Turks. In 1798, the French expedition to Egypt, commanded by Bonaparte, took the island without resistance. In 1800, it was taken by the British, and was confirmed to them by the treaty of Paris in 1814. The Maltese have retained the greatest part of their ancient rights and usages. In no fortress in Europe are the defences more imposing. In Gibraltar admiration is excited by the work of nature; in Malta, by the work of art. To garrison the latter completely, would require 30,000 men. The religion of the Maltese is Ro- man Catholic. The Church Missionary Society occupy the island as one of their stations, and em- ploy two missionaries here. Lon. 14 12' E. Lat. 35 50' N. Malta, t.Kennebec co. Maine, 8 m. E. Augusta* Pop. 1,054. Malta, t. Saratoga co. N. Y. 6 m. W. Saratoga court-house, 25 N. Albany. Pop. 1,518. It has 2 churches, 1 for Presbyterians, and 1 for Metho- dists. Malta. See Lorraine, N. Y. Malta, t. Morgan co. Ohio Pop. 64. Maltepec, t. Mexico, 60 m. E. S. E. Mechoacan. Malterdingtf , t. Baden, llm. N. by W. Frey- burg. Pop. 5,200. Malton* borough and t. Eng. in Yorkshire, on the Derwent It consists of two towns, Old and New Walton. Pr v . of Old Malton 961 ; of New Malton 3,713. 18 m. N. E. York, 212 N. by W. London. Lon. 047'W. Lat. 54 8' N. Mattown,t. Hind, in Allahabad. Lon. 78 46' E. Lat. 24 19' N. Malvern, v. Eng. 8 m. fr. Worcester, noted Kn- its mineral springs. Malutaya, small isl. in the sea of Mindoro. Lon. 120 52' E. Lat. 11 12' N. Malwah, province, Hind, between 22 and 23 N. lat. bounded N. by Ajmeer and Agra, E by Allahabad and Gundwaneh, S. by Khandeish and Berar, and W. by Ajmeer and Gujerat; it is 250- miles long, and 150 broad. Till very recently, the whole of this territory was in the occupation of the Mahrattas. I'he soil is in general a fine black mould, which produces cotton, opium, su- gar, indigo, tobacco, and all the various grains of India. Malwalh/tid. in the Eastern seas. Lon. 115 20' E. Lat. 7 N. Malwan, s-p. Hind, in Bejapore. Lon 73 20' E. Lat. 16 4' N. Malzieu, t. France, in Lozere, 5 m. N. N. E. St. Chely. Pop. 1,100. Mamadysz, t. Eu. Russia, on the Viatka, 92 m, E. Kasan.' Lon. 50 11' E. Lat. 56 16' N. Mama.k, s-p. Abascia, on the Black sea, 1 10 m. W. Isgaur. Mamakating, p-t. Sullivan co. N. Y. 23 m. fr. Newberg. Pop ^,702. It contains 2 churches, 1 for Congregational ists, and 1 for Baptists. The vil- lage of Bloomingburg, in this town, is on Shaw- angunk creek, on the Newburgh turnpike. Mamakntun, v. Armenia, on the Euphrates, 12 m. N. Erzerum. Mamaronfck, p-t. Westchester co. N Y.on Long Island Sound, 23 m. N. E. New- York. Pop. 878^ Its harbour admits vessels of 100 tons. 442 MAN Mamas, r. Chili, enters the sea, at Copiapo. Bundle, mountains, Arkansas 1 er. on the S. side of Arkansas river below the junction of the Poteau. They are estimated to exceed 1,000 feet in height, and are supposed to be connected with the Mazern mountains. Mamelukes, people of Egypt, who originally con- sisted of Georgian and Circassian slaves, brought into the country by the caliphs in the 13th centu- ry, and made a part of the military power of the state. They rose against their masters, massa- cred or expelled them, and assumed the domin- ion of Egypt. In the beginning of the 16th cen- tury, the Turks compelled them to acknowledge the authority of the pacha appointed by the Grand Seignor. Upon the invasion of Egypt by the French in 1798, the strength of the Mamelukes was broken by successive defeats, and most of their chiefs were treacherously massacred. Those who escaped have settled in Nubia, where they still cherish the hope of regaining their ancient power. Mamers, t. France, in Sarthe, 23 m. N. N. E. Le Mans. Pop. 5,500. Marnora, or Maheduma, s-p. Morocco, 25 m. N. N. E. Sallee. Mamore, r. Quito, which enters the Madeira on the W. side, in lat. 11 55' S. Mampara, t. on the W. coast of Borneo. Lon. 109 10' E. Lat. 21' N. Mam Tor, mt. Eng. in Derbyshire, near Castle- ton. Man, isl. in the Pacific ocean, between New Britain and New Ireland, 50 m. in circumference. Lon. 151 25' E. Lat 4 S. Man, Isle of, isl. in the Irish sea, nearly equi- distant from the coasts of England, Scotland, and Ireland. It is about 30 miles long, and 70 in cir- cumference, and contains 220 sq. miles. Pop. 30,000. The interior and central part of the isl- and is mountainous. The soil of the Isle of Man is naturally poor, but is every where greatly fer- tilized by the abundance of sea- weed which is cast ashore and used as manure. Agriculture has of late years made great progress here. Barley is raised in great quantities, and oats are also culti- vated. Large crops of wheat are now raised, of the cleanest and best quality. Great quantities of turnips and potatoes are also raised. Cattle are annually fattened for exportation. The isl- and is now subject to the king of England as land proprietor, and is ruled by a governor, a council of public affairs, and the house of keys, the rep- resentatives of the people. The whole island contains 17 parishes or kirks, and is under the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of a bishop, who is sty- le i b-. in 1788, 12,385, of whom 10,121 were slaves. Lon. 61 19 W. Lat. 15 56' N. Marienberg, t. Germany, in Saxony. Ft lias mines of silver, iron, vitriol, and tin. 35 m. S. W. Dresden. Pop. 2,600. Al A R Marienburg, t. W. Prussia, on the Nogat. Her are extensive breweries and distilleries. 26 m, S S. E. Dantzic. Lon. 19 I 7 E. Lat. 54 1' N. Pop. 7,200. Marienwcrder, one of the two governments into which VV. Prussia is now divided. Area, 6,880 sq. miles. Pop. 302,000. Marienwerder, t. W. Prussia, the capital of the above, is on the Nogat, 43 m. S. of Dantzic, 90 S. W. Konigsberg. Lon. 18 49 ; E. Lat. 53 44' N. Pop. 5,100. MarienzcU, t. Austrian States, 6 m. W. S. W. Baden. It is the Loretto of Austria. The crowds who resort to a chapel here are immense. Mariestadt, t. Sweden, on the lake Wenner, 60 m. S. W. Orebro. Pop. 1,100. Marietta, p-v. Onondaga co. N. Y. Marietta, borough and p-t Lancaster co Pa. on the E. side of the Susquehannah, 12 in. \v |, au _ caster. Pop. 1,545. Marietta, p-t. and cap. Washington co. Ohio, on the W. bank of the Ohio river, irnmediat< the mouth of the Muskingum, 178 miles below Pittsburg, 93 E. by N. Chillicothe, 109 S. E. Co- lumbus, 61 S. E. Zanesville. Lat. 3925'N. Lon. 81 30' W. It contains the county buildings, a land office, an academy, bank, prmting-oific-e, and Presbyterian meeting-house. During seven years from 1800 to 1807, ship-building was carried on here to a considerable extent ; and since 1816 this business has revived. The situation of the town is unfortunate ; parts of it being liable to annual inundation. Pop. 2,036. Marigliano. t. Naples, in Terra di Lavoro, 12 m. E. N. E". Naples. Pop. 5,500. Marignane, t. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone, 14 m. W. Aix. Pop. 1,600. Marignano, or Malegnano, t. Austrian Italy, in Milan, 8 m. W. N. W. Lodi. Pop. 4,000. Mttrigny, t. France, in La Manche, 6 m. W. St. Lo. Pop. 3,800. Marigny, t. France, in Saone-and-Loire, 12 m. S. W. Charolles. Pop. 2,500. Marindugera, one of the Philippine islands, near the S. coast of Lucon. Lon. 121 5 1 ; E. Lat. 13 29' N. Maringues, t. France, in Puy-de-Dome, 14 m.. N.W. Thiers. Pop. 3,800. Marino. See St. Marino. Marino, t. States of the Church, 12 m. S. E,. Rome. Marion, district, S. C. Pop. 10,201. Slaves 3,463. Engaged in agriculture 1,107, in commerce 9. Chief town, Gilesborough. At the court-house is a post-office. Marion, formerly Wilkinson, co. Geo. Pop. 6,992. Slaves 1,463. Engaged in agriculture 1,941, in commerce 23, in manufactures 62. Marion, p-t. and cap. Twiggs co. Geo. Pop. 193. Marion, co. Alabama, between the Tuscaloosa and Tombigbee rivers. Marion, p-v. Marion co. Alabama. Marion, co. Mississippi, on Pearl river. Pop. 3,116. Slaves 1,232. Engaged in agriculture 1,040, in commerce 17, in manufactures 38. Chief town, Fords. Mi mm, co. East Tennessee. Pop. 3,888. Slaves Hi7. iJi^n^rd in agriculture 1,468, in commerce 9. Chieftown, Marion. Marion, co. Ohio, formed in 1820, in the Indian . Square miles, 530. M A R Marion, co. Indiana, lately formed. Chief town, Indianapolis, the capital of the State. Marion and CroztCs Islands, four islands in the Indian ocean. Lon.47E. Lat. 48 S. Mariquita, city, New Granada, 80 m. S. Santa Fe. Lon. 74 6' VV. Lat. 5 16' N. Marilico, r. S. America, in Carthagena, which runs into the Spanish Main, in Ion. 76 42' W. lat. 8 5' > 7 . Marivelas, or Marivelle Bay, bay on the W. coast of Lucon. Lon. 120 24' E. Lat. 14 30' N. Marivelas, or Marivelle, one of the smaller Phi- lippine islands. Mariupol, t. Eu. Russia, on the sea of Azoph, at the mouth of the Kalmius, 140 m. S. E. Ekaterin- oslav. Pop. 2,000. Marizza, or Marissa, the ancient Hebrus, r. Eu. Turkey, which passes by Philipopoii, Adrianople, and Trajanopoli, and runs into a bay of the Archi- pelago, called the gulf of Enos. Mark, co. Germany, in the Prussian province of Westphalia. Extent, 667 sq'uare miles. Pop. 132,000. It is traversed by the Lippe and the Roer. The chief town is Hamm. Marken, isl. Netherlands, in the Zuyder-Zee, 10 m. E. Amsterdam. Market Bosworth. See Bosworth. Market Deeping, t. Eng. in Lincoln co. Lon. 18' W. Lat. 52 42' N. Market Drayton, t. Eng. in Salop co. 11 m. S. E. Whitchurch, 154 N. W. London. Lon. 2 29' W. Lat. 52 55' N. Pop. 3,370. Market Harborough. See Harborough. Market Jew. See Marazion. Market Weighton, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, on the road from York to Hull. Lon. 40' W. Lat. 53 52" N. Pop. 1,508. Markinch, v. Scotland, in Fifeshire, 10 in. S. W. Cupar. Markisch-Fricdland, t. West Prussia, 15 m. W. by N. Deutsche- Cron. Pop. 2,000. Marklesmill, p-v Vigo co. Indiana. Mark-Lissa, t. Prussian States, on the Queiss, 15 m. S E. Gorlitz. Pop. 1,300. Markohheim, t. France, 32 m. S. E. Strasburg. Pop. 1,500. Marks, Lake of, or Shibkah el Lowdeah, lake in the S. part of Tunis, 60 miles long, and 18 broad. It is supposed by Dr. Shaw to be the Palus Trito- nwofthe ancients. Marlborough, t. Eng. in Wiltshire, on the Ken- net. It sends two members to parliament. 74 m. W. London. Lon. l43' W. Lat. 51 25' N. Pop. 2,379. Marlborough, t. Greenville co. Up. Canada. Marlborough, t. Middlesex co. Up. Canada. Marlborough, t. Cheshire co. N. H. 5 m. S. E. Keene. Pop. 776. Marlborough, p-t. Windha- Vt. 44 m. S. Wind- or. Pop. 1,296. Marlborough, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. 16 m. E. Worcester, 27 W. Boston. Pop. 1 ,952. ">rough, p-t. Hartford co. Ct. 17 m. S. E. Hartford. Pop. 839. Marlbonugh, t. Ulster co. N. Y. on the Hudson, 23 m. below Kin^ton. Pop. 2,248. It has 2 hous- es of public worship, 1 for Quakers, and 1 for Pres- byter i Mnrlbfirnuxh. See Winnfidd. MartlrUfh, t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop. 839. Marlbormtgh, East, t. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 9y.j. Marlborough, West, t. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 852. 57 MAR 449 Marlborough, Lower, p-v. Calvert co. Md. on the Patuxent ; 30 m. S- W. Annapolis. Marlborough, Upper, p-t. and cap. Prince George co. Md. on the Patuxent, 21 m. S.W. Annapolis. Marlborough, district, S. C. Pop. 6,425. Slaves 3,033. Engaged in agriculture 2,597, in commerce 3, in manufactures 129. At the court-house is a post-office. Matlborough, t. Delaware co. Ohio. Pop. 300. Marie, t. France, in Aisae, 106 m. N. by E. Pa- ris. Pop. 1,600. Marley^s Store, p-v. Sampson co. N. C. Marlow, t. Cheshire co. N. H. 33 m. W. Con- cord. Pop. 597. Marlow, Great, borough and t. Eng. in Bucking- hamshire, near the Thames. 31 m. W. by N. London. Lon. 46' W. Lat. 51 34' N. Pop. 2,799. Marlstrand, isl. off the S. W. coast of Sweden. Lon. 1 1 29' E. Lat. 57 53' N. Marly, t. France, in Aisne, on the Oise, 6 m. E. Guise. Pop. 1,000. Marly-le-Roy, t. France, in Seine-and-Oise, 6 m. N. Versailles, 10 W. Paris, famous for its mag- nificent gardens and water works. Pop. 1,200. Marmagnac, t. France, in Cantal, 3 m. E. Au- rillac. Pop. 1,900. Marmande, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne, on the Garonne, 34 m. S. E. Bourdeaux. Pop. 6,100. Marmarosch, county, in the N. E. of Hungary, bounded S. by Transylvania, N E. by the B uko- wine. Sq. miles 3,770. Pop. 114,197. Marmora, isl. in the sea of Marmora, 30 miles in circumference, 60 m. S. VV. Constantinople. Marmora, Sea of, a body of water, 90 miles long and 33 broad, between Europe and Asia, commu- nicating with the Euxine sea through the straits of Constantinople, and with the Archipelago through the strait of the Dardanelles. Marmorice, s-p. A. Turkey, at the head of a bay, nearly opposite the island of Rhodes. The har- bour is one of the finest in the world. Lon. 28 31' E. Lat. 36 52' N. Marne, r. France, which rises near Langres, and after a course of 220 miles, falls into the Seine at Charenton, a few miles above Paris. Marne, a department in the N. E. of France. Extent, 3,200 sq. miles. Pop. in 1816, 311,000. Wine is the great product. Chalons sur Marne is the capital. Marne, Upper, a department in the N. E. of France. Extent, 2,992 sq. miles. Pop. 238,000. The principal product is wine. Upwards of 500,000 acres are covered with forests. The number of iron mines is 25 ; the workmen, about 4,000 ; the quantity of iron furnished, nearly 20,000 tons, of which the half is wrought, the half cast iron. Chaumont is the capital. Marne, t. Denmark, in Holstein, 5 m. N. W Brunsbuttel. Pop. 900. Maro, t. Sardinia, in Piedmont, 9 m. N. W. Oneglia. Pop. 1,800. Marolles leg Breaux, t France, in Sarthe, 8 m, S. by W. Mamers. Pop. 1,800. Marommes, t. France, in Lower Seine, 3 m. N. W.Rouen. Po;... 1,500. Maronda, t. Hind, in Ajmeer. Lon. 75 7' E. Lat. 26 43' N. Maroni, or Marawina, r. S. America, in Guia- na, which runs into the Atlantic, in Ion. 55 14' W. Lat. 5 52' N. Maro*, t. Transylvania, 52 m. N. E. Carlsbure. Pop. 10,000. 450 MAR Marosch, or Maros, r. Austrian state?, which ris- es among the Carpathian mountain^ crosses Tran- sylvania, and Hungary proper, and falls into the Theisseoppo^te Szegedin. Marostira, t. Austrian Italy, 11 m. N. Vicenza. Pop. 1,600. M'urpach, or Marbach, t. Wirtemberg, at the confluence of the Neckar and the Murr, llm. N. by E. Stutgard. Lon. 9 21' E. Lat. 48 58' N. Pop. 2,100. Marple, t. Eng. in Cheshire, 4J m. E. S. E. Stockport. Pop, 2,254. Marple, t. Delaware co. Pa. Pop. 700. Marq en Baruel, t. France, dep. of the North, 3 m. N. Lisle. Pop 2.000. Marqnais, t. France, in Dordogne, 5 m. N. W. Sarlat. Pop. 1,200. Marquesado, Villa del, t. Mexico, 48 leagues S. E. Mexico. Lon. 277 10' VV. Lat. 18 Z N. Marquesas, Marquis of Mendosa^s Islands, or Mendoca Islands, a cluster of islands in th.^ South Pacific ocean, extending from I38J" to 140^ W. Ion. and from 8i to 10i S. lat. Various accounts are given of the soil of these islands ; but all agree that the inhabitants are remarkable for the beau- tiful proportion of their body and the regularity of their features. They are all strong, tall, and extremely active. Pop. estimated at 50,000. Marquette, r. Michigan, which runs W. and falls into Lake Michigan. Marquis Islands, cluster of small islands in the Florida stream. Lon. 81 30' VV. Lat. 24 35' N. Marquise, t. France, in Pas-de-Calais, 6 m. N. E. Boulogne. Pop. 1,400. Marr, district, Scotland, in Aberdeenshire, con- taining 900 sq. miles. Pop. 53,000. Mftn-aboo, t. Bambarra, in Central Africa, on the upper part of the Niger, 150 m S. W. Sego. Mar rut. t. France, in Puy-de-Dome, llm. S. Thier-. Pop. 2,400. Marray,t. France, in Indre-and-Loire, 11 m. N. Tours. 'Pop. 1,000. Marr's bluff, p-v. Liberty co. S. C. Marsac, t. France, in Puy-de-Dome, 6 m. S. E. Ambert. Pop. 3,000. Marsaglia, t. Piedmont, 6 m. N. E. Mondovi. Marsal, t. France, in Meurthe, 17 m. N. E. Nancy. Pop. 1.400. ' Marsala, t. S cily, in the Val di Mazzara, at the W. extremity of the island, on the promontory of Lilubaeam. 4.5 m. S. W. Palermo. Lon. 12 27' E. Lat. 37 52' N. Pop. 10,000. Marsden, v. Eng. in Yorkshire, 18 m. from Man- r. Pop. 1,800. Mars Diep, a passage from the German ocean into the Zuyder-Zee, between the extremity of North Holland and UK- Texel. It is the principal passage both for merchantmen and ships of war. 'Han, t. France, in Herault, 4 m. N. E. Agde. Pop, 3,200. tiles* a large and commercial city in the S. of France, cap. of the Mouths-of-the-Rhone, on the Mediterranean. The city, with its environ?, is inclosed by rocky hills. It is divided into the the Old and New Town. The New Town, con- taining nearly two-thirds of the whole, is f-qual in beauty to any town of France. Its streets are broad and straight, its squares spacious and hund- some, its buildings remarkable tor their elegance. The port extends into the heart of the town, i, completely sheltered from all winds, and remains perfectly tranquil in the most violent storms. It owes this security chiefly to the narrowness of the M A R entrance, which does not exceed 100 yards, bein confined by two projecting rocks, one on each side. On these are situated two forts for the de- fence of the harbour. The harbour is capable of coma ii.ng nearly 1,000 merchant vessels ;butitis not of sufficient depth to float slims of war. From its advantageous position, and the securi- ty of its harbour, Marseilles has long enjoyed a large share of the foreign trade of France. It is, on account of its lazaretto, the exclusive medium of intercourse between France, the Levant, and the N. coast of Africa. To these countries alone it exports annually, to the value of a million ster- ling, in light woollens, silk, and colonial produce. It is a central point for the trad-; with Spain and Italy. It has also extensive transactions with Holland, England, the Baltic, North America, and the W. Indies. The most important manufactures are soap ; of these there are 75 separate estab- lishments, which consume annually from 1,200 to 1,500 tons of olive oil. 180 m. S. by E. Lyons, 300 E. N. E. Bourdeaux, 45 S. S. E. Paris. Lon. 5 22 E. Lat. 43 17' N. Pop. 1 10,000. Marshall's mills, p-v. Huntington co. Pa. Marshallsi'ille, p-v. Mecklenburg co. Va. Marshal/ton, p-v. Chester co. Pa. Marshjield, t. Eng. in Gloucester, 11 m. from Bristol, 105 W. London. Lon. 2 17' W. Lat. 51* 28' N. Pop. 1,415. Marshjield, p-t. Washington co. Vt. 12 m. E. Montpelier. Pop. 7 10. Marsh/ield, p-t. Plymouth co. Mass, on the sea coast, 15 m. N. Plymouth. Pop. 1,532. Marsh island, isl. Maine, at the Great falls in Penobscot river, 4 in. above Bangor. Marshpee, i. Barnstable co. Mass, on the sea coast, 13 m. S. W. Barnstable. Pop. 150. Marshy hope, r. Md. the N. W. branch of the Nanticoke. Marsico Nuovo, t. Naples, in Principato Citra. 23 m. N by W. Policastro. It is the see of a bishop. Pop. 6,800. Marsico Vecchio, or Vettre, t. Naples, in Basili- cata, 14 m. S. Potenza. Pop. 2,650. Marsillac, t. France, in Gironde, 9 m. N. Bour- deaux. Pop. 1,800. Marsoni's Key, small isl. in the Spanish Main Lon. 82 58' W. Lat. 12 5' N. Marstal, t. Denmark, in the island of Arroe, 10 S. S. W. Rudkiobing. Pop. 800. Marston, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, on JMegantic lake. Marstrand, t. Sweden, at the entrance of the Cattegat, 23 m. N. N. W. Gottenburg. Lon. 11" 36' E. Lat. 57" 53 N. Pop. 1,200. Martaban, a province of the Birman empire, between 15 and 17 N. lat. and between 97 and 99 E. Ion. Its principal produce is pepper, car- damums, rice, salt, and fish. Being situated be- tween Pegue and Siam, it has frequently changed masters; but in 1745 it was conquered, together with Pegue, by the Birmans. Martaban, the cap- ital, is a seaport, in Ion. 97 30' E. lat. 16 30' N. Martcl, t. France, in Lot. 19 m. N. E. Gourdon. Pop.2,l;i>0. Mnrtello, Cape, the S. point of the island of Nc- gropnnt, in Greece. Lon. 24 39' E. Lat. 38 N. Martha Brat Harbour, t. on the N. coast of Ja- maica, 7 leagues W. Montego point. Lon. 77 32' W. Lat 18 31' N. Martha's river, r. Missouri Territory, which runs into the Missouri, 60 m, above the mouth of the Yellowstone. MAR Martha sville, v. Missouri, on the river Missou- ri, 40 m. W. St. Charles. Martha's Vineyard, isl. Mass, forming part of Dukes co. It lies a little VV. of Nantucket, be- tween 40 17' and 41 29' N. lat. and between 70 22' and 70 U 50' W. Ion. It is 21 miles long, and on an average, 6 broad, and contains about 3,000 in- habitants. Cattle and sheep are raised here in great numbers, and grain in sufficient quantity for the supply of the inhabitants. The chief town is Edgartown. On the N. side is Holmes' hole, which is a famous place of resort for vessels bound to the eastward. Fifty or sixty vessels are fre- quently seen here waiting for a fair wind. Marthalen, t. Switz. in Zurich, 5 m. S. Schaff- hausen. Pop. 1,600- Martham, parish, Eng. in Norfolk, 6 m. N. W. by .N . from Caister. Fop. 679. Marti, or Marti/, t. France, in Pas de Calais. Pop 2,000. Murttck, t. Lancaster co. Pa. Pop. 1,701. Mariigny,.in Switzerland. See Martinach. Martiguts, Les, t. France, in Mouths-of-the- Rhone, on the lake of Mart;gues. It was formerly a place of considerable strength. 22m. N. W. Marseilles, -24 S. VV. Aix. Lon. 4 59' E. Lat. 43 2S' N. Pop. 6,300. Martin, or Isle Martin, v. Scotland, in Ross- shire, on the VV. coast, 5 in. N. Ullapool. Martin, co. N. C. inclosed by the counties of Tyrrel, Halifax, Bertie, and Pitt. Pop. 6,320. Slaves 2,840. Engaged in agriculture 412, in commerce 13, in manufactures 65. Chief town, \Villiamston. Martin, co. Indiana. Pop. 1,032. Engaged in agriculture215, in commerce2,in manufactures 72. Martin, Cape, cape, Spain, on the coast of Va- lencia. Lon. 3' E. Lat. 38 47' N. Martin islands, Michigan ter. in Lake Huron, the largest of which is 9 miles in circumference. They contain gypsum. 10 m. N. E. Michilli- mackinac. Martin, Point, theN. W. point of Comptroller's bay, on the N. W. coast of America. Lon. 215 36' E. Lat. 60 13i' N. Martin's, Sir Henry's, Islands. See Herges? s hlands. Martin deCourtesollts, t. France, in Marne, 6 m. E. iN. E. Chalons sur Marne. Pop. 2,200. Martin de Londres, t. France, in Herault, 12 m. N. N. W. Montpelier. Pop. 1,300. Martin, Vas, Islands of, 3 small islands in the Atlantic ocean. Lon. 25" 43' VV. Lat. 20" 31' S. Martina, t. Naples, in the Terra di Otranto, 13 m. W. N. VV. Otranto. Mt/rtinach, or Martigny,\.. Swiss canton of the Valais, at the confluence of the Rhone and the Drance, 11 m. VV. Sion. Mnrtinengn, t. Austrian Italy, 25 m. N. E. by E. Milan. I'op. 3,000. Mnftin'-l, Cape, promontory on the S. E. coast f I v ir.a. Lon. 1" 28' E. Lat. 3H 54' N. Miirtinird, il. in the VV. Indies, and one of the largest of the Caribbees, being 50 miles from N. W. to S. E. and 140 in circumference. Extent, miles. It is very uneven, and intersected in;. 11 p:irt- by hillocks. Three mountains rise above these smaller eminences. The highest OM marks of a volcano. The principal pro- ductions an- -uijar, coffee, cassia, cotton, indigo, -ranger, &c. It has numerous bays and har- bours, which afford a certain shelter from the hur- M A R 451 ricanes which infest these latitudes. In 1769, 1788, and 1810, the exports were as follow : Imports. Exports. 1769, 588,412, 536,631 1788, 1,195,111, 1.201,875 1810, 635,664, 791,773 In 1794, the island was taken by the British and restored to France in 1802. It was again ta- ken in 1809, and restored in 1815. Pop. in 1700. 21,650 ; in 1732, 80,000 ; and in 1810, according to a return made to the British house of commons, 96,413, of whom 78,577 were slaves, 8,630 free persons of color, and 9,206 whites. The principal towns are Fort Royal, the capital, and St. Pierre. Lon. of the Port de France, 61 5' 45" W. Lat. 14 35' 49" N. Martinico, Liltk, one of the Grenadine islands, in the West Indies. Lon. 61 18' W. Lat. 13 38' N. Martznsborough, now Jonesville, p-t. Surry co. N. C. on the S. side of Tar river, 20 m. above Washington. Martmsburg, p-t. and cap. Lewis co. N. Y. Pop. 1,497. It has a court-house, jail, and Presbyterian church. Roaring creek which here empties itself into Black river has falls of 80 feet. On this stream mills are erected. 48 m. N. Utica, 42 S. E. Sackets Harbor. Marlinsburg, p-t. Berkley co. Va. 8 m. S. of the Potomac, 25 m fr. Bath, 24 N. E. Winchester, 80 N. W. Washington. It contains a court-house and jail, 2 churches, and about 80 dwelling houses. Martinsburg, p-t. Hopkins co. Ken. Marlines creek, p-v. Northampton co. Pa. Martinsvi/le, p-t. Henry co. Va. 40 m W. Pitt- sylvania, 166 S. W. Petersburg. Martinsrille, p-t. and cap. Ouilfordco. N. C. on the E. side of Buffalo creek, a branch of Haw river, 48m. N. W. Hillsborough, 27 E. Salem. Lon. 79 43' W. Lat. 36 5' N. In the neighborhood of this town a battle was fought 15th March, 1781, be- tween the Americans and the British. Martnisville, Louisiana. See 6V. Martinsrille. Martizay, t. France, in Indre, 14 m. N. Le Blanc. Pop. 1,700. Martock, t. Eng in Somerset, 4 m. VV. S. W. Ilchester. Pop. 2,356. Marlon, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 2 m. S. E. Black- pool. Pop. 1,093. Marion, v. Eng. in Lincolnshire, on the Tren^.. 5 m. S. by E. Gainsborough. Martorano, t Naples, in Calabria Citra. It is the see of a bishop. 20 m. N. VV. Squillace. Martorell, t. Spain in Catalonia, at the junction of the Noya with the Llobregat, 9 m. N. W. Bar- celona. Martory, t. France, in Upper Garonne, on the Garonne, 10 m. N. by E. St. Gaudens. Pop. 1,000. Marios, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 10 m. W. Jaen. Pop. 6,000. Martyr** Reef and Rocks, between the gulf of Mexico and the N. side of the Florida stream. Lon. 81 W. Lat. 24 5' N. Maru Shah Jehan. See Meru. Marrao, t. Portugal, 6 m. S. E. Valencia de Al- cantara, in Spain. Pop. 1,300. Marvejols, t. France, in Lozere, 36 m. E. N. E. Rodez. Pop. 3,700. Lon. 3 17 'E. Lat. 44 35' N. Marvella, or Marbella, s-p. Spain, in Granada, 84 m. W. S. VV. Granada, 34 N. N. E. Gibraltar, Pop. 8,000. 452 M A R Marville, t. France, in Meuse, 7 m. S. E. Mont- rnedy, 24 N. N. E. Verdun. Pop. 1,000. Mariear. See Judpore. Mancick Head-, cape, Scotland, on the W. coast of the island of Pomona. Lon. 3 10' W. Lat. 51 58' N. Mary ann, t. Licking co. Ohio. Pop 573. Mary ann forge, p-\\ Somerset co. Pa. Maryborough, t. Ireland, in Queen's county, near the Barrow, 48 m. \. Waterford, 43 S. VV. Dublin. Lon. 7 2' W. Lat. 53 N. Maryburgh, v. Scotland, in Inverness-shire, near Fort William, on the S. side of Locheil. Maryland, p-t. Otsego co. N. Y. 16 m. S. Coop- er si own Pop. 1.439. Maryland, one of the United States, bounded N. by Pennsylvania ; E. by Delaware and the Atlan- tic ; S. and VV. by Virginia. It lies between Ion. 75 10' and 79 20' W. and between lat. 38 and 39 44' N. and contains 13,959 sq. miles, or 8,933,760 acres, of which one fifth is water. Chesapeake bay runs through the state from N. to S. dividing it into two parts. The part east of the bay is called the eastern shore, and the part west of the bay, the western shore The State is divided into 19 coun- ties, 1 1 of which are on the western shore, and 8 on the eastern. Pop. in 1790, 319,728; in 1800, 349,692; in 1810, 380,540; m 1820, 407,300, of whom 260,^64 were whites, 107,288 slaves, and 39,743 free blacks. Engaged in agriculture 79,135, in commerce 4,771, in manufactures 18,640. In the counties on the eastern shore of the Ches- apeake, the land is generally level and low, and in many places is covered with stagnant waters, giving rise in the summer and fall months to agues, and intermittent fevers. On the western shore, the land below the lowest falls of the river, is principally level, and free from stones. Above these falls the country becomes successively une- ven and hilly, and in the western part of the State is mountainous, '['he principal range of moun- Mie Blue Ridge or South Mountains, which pass through the State in a northerly direction from Virginia into Pennsylvania. The extreme western part of the State is crossed by the Alle- ghany mountains. Between these and the Blue Ridge are several inferior chains, as Will's moun- tain, Evit's Warrior, and Ragged mountains, and Sideling hill. The soil is well adapted to the cul- ture of tobacco and wheat, which are the staple productions of the State. Some cotton of inferior quality is also raised, and in the western counties, considerable quantities of flax and hemp. Two articles are said to be peculiar to Maryland ; the genuine white wheat, which grows in Kent, Queen Ann's, and Talbot counties, on the eastern shore; and the bright kite's foot tobacco, which is produ- ced on some parts of the western shore, south of Baltimore. The forests abound with various kinds of nuts, u?ed for fattening hogs, which run wild in the woods, and are killed in considerable numbers for exportation. Apples and peaches are abundant, and are raised for dihtrtlalion. Excellent roads proceed from Baltimore in va- ou- directions. There is ft turnpike from Balti- more to Cumberland on the Potomac, a distance of 135 miles. From Cumberland to Brownsville on the Monongahcla in Pennsylvania, there is now completed by the U. S. a free turnpike road, of the most superior construction. The di~' 72 mile*, making the whole distance from Haiti- more to Brownsville '207 miles. This is the short- est and best communication yet opened between M A S the tide water of the Atlantic and the navigable western waters. A turnpike extends from Haiti- more in a N. VV direction 16 miles, to [lector town, and there divides : one branch turning more to the N. meets the Pennsylvania line in 19 miles ; the other in a W. N. W. direction, runs 2 ( J miles in Maryland. A company was incorporated ma- ny years since by the States of Delaware and Ma- ryland, for opening a communication between Delaware bay and the Chesapeake, by means of a canal from Elk river to Christiana creek. When completed itw-11 K- -^ miles long, and is intended for vessels of 70 tons. The expense is estimated at $850,000. Maryland was originally settled by Roman Catholics, and they are the most numerous de- nomination of Christians. The other denomina- tions are Episcopalians, who had in 1811, 30 churches, and 35 clergymen ; Baptists, Friends, Presbyterians, &c. There are several very res- pectable literary institutions in Baltimore, and academies in various places. The legislature is styled the general assembly, and is composed of a senate consisting of 15 members, chosen for five years by electors, and a house of delegates, con- sisting of 4 from each county, and 2 from each of the cities of Annapolis and Baltimore, chosen an- nually. The governor and an executive council of 5 persons, are chosen annually by a joint ballot of both houses. Iron ore abounds in various parts of the State, and coal is found in inexhaustible quantities, and of a superior quality, on the Potomac, in the the neighborhood of Cumberland. Furnaces have been erected in various places for the manufac- ture of iron and iron ware. Glass, paper, and whiskey are also made in considerable quantities. The value of manufactures in 18:0, was $1 1,468,- 794. The principal exports are flour and tobacco. The value of the exports for the year ending Sept. 30th 1820, was $6,609,364, of which $1,927,766 was foreign produce. Maryland is the third state in the Union in amount of shipping. In 1815, the number of tons was 156,062. Maryland Point, peninsula, Md. formed bye bend in Potomac river, 12 m. W. Port Tobacco. Maryport, s-p. Eng. in Cumberland co. at the mouth of the Ellen. The trade consists chiefly in the importation of timber from North America, and the exportation of coals to Ireland. 7 m. N. W. Cockermouth, 307 N. W. London. Lon. 3 29' W. Lat. 54 43' N. Pop. 3,000. Mari/sburg, t. Prince Edward co. Up. Canada, on the bay of Quinti. Mary's river, r. Missouri, which runs into thr S. side of the Osage river. Marysville, t. and cap. Charlotte co. Va. Marysrille, p-v. Campbell co. Va. Marysville, p-t. and cap. Blount co. East Ten- nessee, 15m. S. Knoxville. Here is a bank. Marysville, p-t. Harrison co. Ken. Marysville, t. and cap. Union co Ohio, on Mill creek, 15 m. S. W. Delaware, 27 N. W. Colum- bus. Marza, t. Sicily, in the Val di Noto, on the sea coast, 10m. S. by W. Noto. Marza Susa, s-p. Barca, 6 m. N. Curen. Masaffrun, r. Algiers, which falls into the Med- iterraDean, in Ion. 3 13' E. lat. 36 40' N. Mnxiifuf.ro, i:-l in the J'.-irifir ocean, 12 miles in circumference. Lon. 80 ri lo" W. Lat. 33 45' S. Mnxngran. =-p. Tlem?an, in Algiers, 20 m. N. E. Arzew. M A S Masbate, one of the Philippine islands, S. of Lu- con. Lon. 123 20' E. Lat. 12 18' N. Mascali, t. Sicily, in the Val di Demona, 15 m. N. by E. Catania. Pop. 4,000. Muscat, the most considerable seaport on the E. coast of Arabia. All the ports from Rosalgate to the entrance of the gulf, are tributary to it. The trade is extensive with the British settlements in India, the Malay peninsula, the Red Sea, and the E . coast of Africa. The government of the Imaum is the most civilized and orderly of any either in Persia or Arabia. Britain favours the flag of Mascat, recognizing it as neutral ; and in war it often becomes the channel of communication with the enemy's ports. In short, Mascat is resorted to as a sort of magazine, for goods, by vessels from every port in Persia and Arabia. English vessels sailing between India and Bassorah, usu- ally stop here. It carries on also a very large trade by caravan?, with the Arabs of the interior. The town is walled round, and strongly fortified. Lon. 59 15' E. Lat. 23 38' N. Masco-my, r. N. H. which rises in Smart's pond, between Dorchester and Lyme, and flows S. into Mascomy pond. It then discharges the waters of the , >ond into Connecticut river. Mascontin, r. Illinois, which empties into the Wabash, between V : ncennes and Fort Harrison. Mascouche, r. Lower Canada, which falls into the river St. John about 12 miles before the latter joins the St. Lawrence. Mascoury, Point de, cape on the N. coast of St. Domingo. ' Lon. 71 10' W. Lat. 19' 45' N. Mas d'Jlzil, t. France, in Arriege, 25 m. W. Mirepoix. Pop. 2,500. Maseyck, or Mnaseyk, t. Netherlands, In Lim- burg, on the Maese, 9 m. S. S. W. Ruremonde. Pop. 3,400. Masham, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 20 m. from York. Lon. 1 39' W. Lat. 54 13' N. Pop. 1,014. Maside, small isl. in the Eastern seas. Lon. 130 35' E. Lat. 7 25' S. Masina, kingdom, Central Africa, on the N. bank of the Niger. It pays tribute to the king of Bambarra. Maskagon, r. Michigan territory, which runs W. and falls into Lake Michigan, 12 m. N. Grand river. Maskdine, Point, cape on the N. W. coast of America. Lat. 54 4' N. Maskelyne't Islands, small islands in the Pacific, off Mallicollo island. Lon. 167 59' E. Lat. 16 32'S. Maskinonge, seigniory, St. Maurice co. Lower Canada, on a river of the same name which runs into Lake St. Peters, 24 m. W. Three-Rivers. Mason, t. Hill'borough co. N. H. 34 m. S. Con- cord. Pop. 1,313. Mason, co. Va. Pop. 4,368; slaves 593; enga- ged in agriculture 1,288, in commerce 1 1, in man- ufactures 111. Chief town, Point Pleasant. Maxon, co. Ken. on the Ohio. Pop. 13,588 ; slaves- 3,366; engaged in agriculture 3,302, in manufactures 129. Chief town, Maysville. Mason, t. Lawrence co. Ohio. Pop. 289. Mason, t. Pikeco. Missouri. ' hall, p-v. Orange co. N. C. MaJtonsriUe, p-v. Delaware oo. N. Y. 24 m. W. Drlhi, 8 K. Bainbridge. Pop. 719. Masoria, a palatinate of the interior of Poland, bounded N. and E. by the Vistula, S. by the pala- tinates of Sendomir and Kalisch, and W. by. Prus- M A S 453 sian Poland. Area, 4,630 square miles. Pop. 318,000. Warsaw is the capital. Masow, t. Prussia, in Pomerania, 9 m. N. Stut- gard. Pop. 1,200. Masques. See Chilques. Massa, t. Italy, cap. of the dutchy of Massaca- ran, on the Frigido, 2 m. from the Mediterranean, 30 N. by W. Leghorn, 50 S. by W. Modena. Pop. 10,000. Massa, t. Italy, in Tuscany, 40 m. S. E. Leg- horn. It is the see of a bishop. Massabesick pond, N. H. chiefly in the township of Chester. It is about 3 miles long, and contains 1,5 12 acres. Massac, Fort, an old French fort on the W. bank of the Ohio, just below the mouth of the Tennes- see. Lat. 37 15' N. Massa-Carrara, dutchy in the central part of Italy, on the S. side of the Appenines, and inclosed by Modena, Tuscany, Lucca, and the Mediterra- nean. It is composed of the principalities of Mas- sa and Carrara, and the lordship of Carfagnana. Extent, 320 square miles. Pop. 38,000. Its moun- tains, from the base to the summit, are composed almost entirely of beautiful marble. See Modena, Massacchio, t. Italy in the Ecclesiastical state, 20 m. W. by S. Ancona. Massachusetts, one of the U. States, bounded N.. by Vermont and New- Hampshire; E. by the At- lantic ; S. by Rhode Island and Connecticut ; and W. by New- York. It lies between 41 23' and 43" 52' N. lat. and between 69 50' and 73 10' W. Ion. It contains 7,250 square miles, or 4,644,000 acres. It is divided into 14 counties, and 290 towns. Pop. in 1790, 378,787; in 1800, 422,845; in 1810, 472,040; and in 1820, 523,287; engaged in agri- culture 63,469, in commerce 13,301, in manufac- tures 33,464. It has on an average 72 persons to each square mile, and is the most thickly settled state in the Union. Many thousand persons emi- grate every year to other States. There are several ranges of mountains which come from Vermont and New-Hampshire, and run across the western part of the State into Con- necticut. To the east of these mountains the country is hilly, except in the southern counties, where it is level and sandy. On the sea coast the land is generally poor, particularly in the S. E. The rest of the State has generally a strong, good soil, well adapted to grazing and grain. The val- lies of the Connecticut and the Housatonnuc, es- pecially, have a fine soil, and embrace many flour- ishing and pleasant towns. In no state in the Un- ion have greater advances been made in agricul- ture, than in Massachusetts. The principal pro- ductions are grass, Indian corn, rye, wheat, oats, and potatoes. Apples are abundant, and large quantities of cider are made annually. Beef, pork, butter and cheese, are also abundant and of excel- lent quality. Among the minerals are iron ore, which is found in large quantities in Bristol and Plymouth counties ; and marble, quarries of which have been opened in Stockbridge, and other towns of Berkshire county. At Chelmsford and Tyngsborough, near the banks of the Middlesex canal, great quantities of beautiful granite are found, which is much used for building in Bos- ton and elsewhere. The citizens of Massachusetts are highly distin- guished for the liberality with which they support literary and benevolent institutions. The princi- pal literary institutions are Harvard University at 454 MAS Cambridge, the Theological Seminary in Ando- ver, Williams' college in Williamstown, Ani- herst Collegiate Institution, and Phillips." \.-;i>l- emy in Andover. There are numerous other academies, and common schools are univer- sally established. The Congregationalists are much more numerous than any other religious de- nomination. In 1817, they had 366 congregations ; the Baptists, 91 ; Friends, 32 ; Episcopalians, 14; Presbyterians, 8 ; there are also a few Methodists and Roman Catholics. Massachusetts is the third state in the Union in amount of manufactures. The value in 1810, was $21,895,528. The principal articles are cotton goods, articles of leather, ardent spirits, cordage, wrought and cast iron, nails, woollen goods, ships, straw bonnets, and hats. In amount of shipping, Massachusetts is the first State in the Union. In 1815, before Maine was separated, the number of tons was 452,273, which was about one third of the whole shipping of the United States. No State is so extensively engaged in the fisheries. In ma- ny populous towns on the sea-coast, a large pro- portion of the inhabitants derive their subsistence entirely from this employment. The principal exports are fish, beef, lumber, pork, ardent spirits, whale oil, and various manufactures. The value of the exports for the year ending Sept. 30th, 1820, was $11,008,922, of which $7,147,487 was foreign produce. Massachusetts Bay, a large bay on the coast of the United States, between Cape Ann on the north, and Cape Cod on the south. Massacre Island, small isl. in the gulf of Mexico, on the coast of Alabama, 2 m. E. Horn island, 10 from the main land. Massa de Lombardi, t. Italy, in the Ecclesiasti- cal State, 24 m. S. S. E. Ferrara. Massa Fiscaglia, t. Italy, in the Ecclesiastical State, 18 m. E. Ferrara. Massafra, t. Naples, in Terra di Otranto, 9 m. N.W. Tarento. Pop. 7,000. Massafuero, isl. in the Pacific. Lon. 279 26' E. Lat. 33 49' S. Massagong, small island in the Eastern Seas. Lon. 1 00 5' E. Lat. 3 8' S. Massa Lubrense, or Massa di Sorento, t. Naples, on the coast. 13 m. S. by E. Naples. Pop. 2,700. It is the see of a bishop. Massasinway, r. Indiana, which unites with Little river at Fort Tecumseh to form the Wa- bash. Massena, p-t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. on the riv- er St. Lawrence. Pop. 944. Masserano, t. Piedmont, 40 m. N. N. E. Turin. Pop. 3,600. Masseube, t. France, in Gers, 10 m. S. E. Mi- rande. Pop. 1,400. Massiac, t. France, in Cantal, 16 m. N. by E. St. Flour. Pop. 1,600. Massifs creek, r. Ohio, which joins the Little Miami, 4 m. above Xenia. There are falls near its mouth. Massilargues, t. France, in Herault,16 m.E.N. E. Montpelier. Pop. 3,000. Massingales, p-v. Sullivan co. Ten. Massingano, or Massagano, t. Africa, in Angola, 100 m. E. S. E. Loanda. Lon. 14 40' E. Lat. 9" 54' S. Mastassin, Lake, lake of N. America, at the head of Rupert's river, which falls into James' bay. It is about 200 miles in circumference. Mastre, t. France, in Ardeche, 12 m. S. W. Tour- non. Pop. 1,500. MAT Masvaux, or Mauermusler, t. France, in Upper Rhine, lOnuN. E. Belfort. Pop 2,200. Masuah) the principal seaport of Abyssinia, sit- uated upon an island, separated from the continent by a narrow channel. It is subject to the Turks. Its intercourse is chiefly with Mocha and Jidda, and the imports consist chiefly of spices, piece goods, lead, iron, copper, tin, cotton, and Europe- an manufactures. The exports are rhinoceros' horns, gold, ivory, honey, slaves, and wax. The governor demands 10 per cent, ad valorem, on all imports and exports, Lon. 39 37' E. Lat. 15 34' N. Mxsulipalam, s-p. Hind, in the northern circars, celebrated for the fineness and brilliant colour of its cotton cloths, called chintz. It carries on con- siderable traffic with China, Pegue, Bengal, Per- sia, and Arabia. Its harbour will admit vessels of 300 tons, and is the only good port on the coast of Coromandel. It was taken by the British in 17.?9, and is now the residence of the judge, collector, c. of the district. Lon. 81 10' E. Lat. 16 10' N. Maswey, t. Hind, in Oude. Lon. 80 40' E. Lat. 27 4' N. Mala, La, s-p. Spain, in Valencia, 22 m. S. S. W. Alicant. Mala, r. E. Africa, which falls into the Indian sea, inlat. 193U'S. Mataboon, small isl. in the Sooloo Archipelago. Lon. 12011'E. Lat. 5 2' N. Malagoda, small isl. near the coast of Chili. Lat. 31 S. Matagorda, a fort on the bay of St. Joseph, in the province of Texas, built by La Salle, who landed here in 1685. This place was the resort of pirates in 1817. Lon. 97 50' W. Lat. 29 N. Malajes, r. Quito, which enters the Pacific ocean in lat. 1 22 N.' Mafala, Cape, cape on the S. coast of Candia, in the Mediterranean. Lon. 24 54' E. Lat. 34 48' N. Matamba, country of S.W. Africa, in the interi- or, behind Congo and Angola. Matanchet, t. Mexico, on the Pacific ocean. Lon. 105 24-' W. Lat. 20 45' N. Matane, r. Lower Canada, which falls into the S. side of the St. Lawrence, near its mouth. Matansas, t. on the N. coast of Cuba, 60 m. E. Havannah. It has a large and safe harbour. Lon. 81 30' W. Lat. 23 3' N. Pop. 7,000. Matansa river, an inlet of the sea on the E. coast of Florida, 20 m. S. St. Augustine. Matupan, Cape, or Caglia, (an. Tcp.narium Prom- ontorium,') the S. point of the Morea, in Greece, and of the main land of Europe. Lon. 22 20' E. Lat. 36 34' N. Matapediach, Lake, Lower Canada, the source of Ristigouche river. Malaria, v. Esrypt, a little S. of the ruins of the ancient On, or Heliopolis. On the 20th March, 1800, a bloody battle was fought here between the French and the Turks. 5 m. N. E. Cairo. Mataro, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 20 m. E. N. E. Barcelona. The manufactures are calico, laces, silk and cotton stockings, silk stuffs and velvets, ribbons and silk twist ; also canvas and leather. Bay salt is collected along the shore ; and the neighbourhood affords wine and brandy for ex- port. Pop. in 1770, 10,000 ; now 25,000. Lon. Z W i:. L:il.41"32'N. Matm-ai, Point, cape on the island of Otaheite. Lon. 210 22' E. Lat. 1729'S. MAT Matas, Cape, cape on the E. coast of Patagonia. Lat. 45" S. Matchedash, or Severn River, r. Upper Canada, which runs into the Matchedash bay, at the E. end of Lake Huron. Mateltcu, t. Italy, in the Ecclesiastical state, 30 m. S. VV . Ancona. Pop. 6,000. Mutembo, small isl. one of the Querimbas, near the E. coast of Africa. Lat. 12 S. Materu, t. Naples, capital* of Basilicata. It is the see of a bishop, and has a cathedral and 6 convents. Pop. 12,400. 35 m. W. N. W. Tarentum. Lon. 16 35 E. Lat. 40 51' N. Materborn, t. Prussian States, in Cleves and Ber-, near Cleves. Pop. 1,500. Matheo, Cupe, promontory on the S. coast of the island of Scio. Lon. 25 58' E. Lat. 38 13' N. Matlierstown, p-t. Ashtabula co. Ohio. Mathieu, t. France, in Upper Vienna, 12 m. W. S. W.Junier. Pop. 2,000. Malhura, (pronounced Muttra,} t. Hind, in Ag- ra, much venerated by the Hindoos as the birth- place ot their favorite deity, Krishen. It is on the W. bank of the Jumna, and is one continued street of temples, and stone stairs descending to the river side, for the convenience of the innumerable pil- grims who come from all parts of India to pay their devotions at the shrine of the deity, and bathe in it? waters. It was taken without opposi- tion in 1803, by the British, and with the greater part of the province, remains in their possession. Lon. 80 40' E. Lat. 27 32' N. Matia, isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 147 58' W. Lat. 1548'S. Matilda, t. Dundas co. Upper Canada, on the St. Lawrence. Matilda, v. Fairfax co. Va. on the Potomac, near the Great fall. Matin, r. Canada, which runs into the St. Law- rence, 150 m. below Quebec. Mati/ia, r S. America, which divides Veragua from Costa Rica, and runs into the Atlantic. Matinimu, islands on the coast of Maine, S. of the entrance into Periobscot bay. Lon. 68" 20' W. Lat. 43 56 N. Mattock, v. Eng. in Derbyshire, on the Derwent, chiefly celebrated for its hot springs. 7 m. N. Derby, 144 N.W. London. Lon. 1 34' W. Lat. 53 7' N. Pop. 2,500. Malo Grosso, a very extensive province or capi- tania, in the western part of Brazil. It is inter- sected by the main ridge of the Brazilian Andes, which separates the rivers that run S. to the Plata, from those that run in an opposite direction to the Amazon. Matoon Harbour, harbour on the S. E. coast of Nova .Scotia. Lon. 64 45' W. Lat. 44 N. Ma I our. t. France, in Saone-and-Loire, 19 m. "VV. \!;icon. Pop. 1,250. Mi'tsrhtwice, t. Poland, 32 m.E. Warsaw. naij t. cap. of the island of Jesso, at the S. extremity of the island. It is in possession of the i'op. 500,00. Mulaua. See Mftiuah. M-iitnliu-k, r. Connecticut, which, at Waterbury, takf-s the oameof Naugatuck. Mnttamushelt, p-v. Hyde co. N. C. Mattapony, r. Va. which rises in Spotsylvania ' :. joins the Pamunky at Dela- form York river. It admits loaded flats to Downer's bridge, 70 m. above its mouth. Matt/tews, co. Va. on the W. side of Chesapeake bay. Pop. 6,920. Slaves 3,186. Engaged in ag- M A U 455 ficulture 2,262, in commerce 1 10, in manufactures 200. At the court-house is a post-office. Mattituck, p-v. Suffolk co. N.Y. Matty's Island, isl. in the Pacific. Lon. 143 21' E. Lat. 146'S. Matuaro, isl. near the N. E. coast of New Zeal- and. Lon. 156 28' E. Lat. 35 S. Matura,t. and fortress near the S. extremity of Ceylon, at the mouth of the Melipu, with a har- bour for small vessels. The Wesleyan Methodists have missionaries and schools here. In the vicini- ty there is a celebrated temple of Boodh, 100 m. S. E. Colombo. Lon. 80 E. Lat. 5 52' N. Mava, r. W. Africa, which falls into the Atlan- tic near Cape Monte. Maubeuge, t. France, on the Sambre. It is forti- fied, and well built ; and has a manufacture of arms, which employs from 4 to 500 workmen. 13 m. S. Mons. Pop. 4,800. Maubourguet, t. France, in Upper Pyrenees, on the A dour, 16 m. N. Tabres. Pop. 1,300. Maucfiline, t. Scotland, in Ayrshire, 10 m. E. Ayr. Pop. 1,000. Maveainahar. See Bukharia. Maufus Bunder, s-p. Hind, in Northern Circars. Lon. 84 E. Lat. 18 17' N. Maug, or Tunas, or St. Lawrence, one of the smaller of the Ladrone Islands. Maugerville, t. Sunbury co. New Brunswick, on St. John river, 30m. above tiellisle. Mauguio, t. France, in Herault, 6 m. E. Mont- pelier. Pop. 1,600. Maule, a province of Chili, extending from the Andes to the ocean. Pop. 12,000. The capital is Talca, or St. Augustin, in lat. 34 47 S. Maule, r. Chili, which enters the Pacific ocean, in lat. 34 50' S. Mauieon, t. France, in Lower Pyrennes, 21 m. W. by S. Pau. Pop 1,000. Maumee, or Miami bay, bay at the W. end of Lake Erie. It is about 12 miles wide, and sets up 12 or 15 miles in the Territory of Michigan. Its entrance is 6 miles wide. Maumee, or Miami of the Lake, r. Ohio, is form- ed by the union of the St. Joseph's and the St. Ma- ry's, at Fort Wayne, and after a N. E. course of 120 miles, enters Maumre bay in Lake Erie It is navigable throughout its course, with the excep- tion of the shoals extending 15 miles and termin- ating 18 miles from its mouth. Below the shoals is a valuable fishery. Maumee, p-v. and cap. Wood co. Ohio, on Mau- mee river, opposite Fort Meigs. Maupertuis, v. France, in La Vienne, near Poi- tiers. Maura, or Mobidie, the smallest of the Society Islands, about 14 or 15 miles in circuit. Maure, t. France in Ille-and-Vilaine, 25 m. S. W. Rennes. Pop. 4,100. Maurens, v. France, in Dordogne, 2 m. from Bergeac. Pop. 1,300. Maurepas, isl Up. Canada, in Lake Superior. Maurepas, lake, Louisiana, which is connected by the Ibberville with the river Mississippi, and communicates by an outlet of 7 miles, with Lake Ponchartrain. It is ten miles long and 7 broad, and has 12 feet water. Maurepas. See Isles de Madam. Mauriac, t. France, in Cantal, on the Dordogne, 36 m. W. N. W. St. Flour. Pop. 2,600. Maurice, r. N. J. which runs into Delaware bay in Cumberland county. It is navigable 20 mile? for vessels of 100 tons. 456 MAY Maurice, t. Cumberland co. N. J. Pop. 2,41 1. Maunenne, province of the Sardinian States, in Savoy. Pop. 54,500. St. Jean de Mauneuae is the capital. Mauripida, one of the Laccadive islands. Lon. 72 2 1' E. Lat WoS'N. Mauritius, or Isle of France, isl. in the Indian sea, 150 miles in circumference, about 600m. E. Madagascar. About the middle of the last centu- ry it was fortified, and rendered the chief naval station of the French in the Indian seas. It pre- served its importance even after Britain had anni- hilated the French power on the continent of India, and became then a grand privateenng station a- gainst the India shipping. It was calculated at Calcutta that, in ten years, prizes to the value of 2,500,000/. had been taken and carried into Mau- ritius. In 1810, it was taken by the English, and may now be considered as permanently attached to the British dominions. The orange, pine-apple, and other tropical fruits, grow in the highest per- fection. It contains iron mines, the produce of which finds a market in India. Mauritius produ- ces little grain, or any other useful vegetable ex- cept the potatoe. It depends for provisions almost entirely upon Bourbon. The exports consist of coffee, a great part of which is produced in Bour- bon, to the average annual amount of 600,000 Ibs.; cotton, 2,000 bales ; indigo, 300.000 Ibs ; raw su- gar, 5,000,000 Ibs.; cloves, 20,000 Ibs. Pop. in 1790, estimated at 8,000 whites, and 12,000 blacks. In 1C07, according to an official statement, the whole number was 70,000. The blacks have been imported as slaves from Madagascar. The Lon- don Society have a missionary here. Lon. 57 16' E. Lat. 40 I' N. Maurizio, Cape, cape of Italy, in the bay of Na- ples. Lon. 15 37' E. Lat. 40 1' N. Mauron, t. France, in Morbihan, 4 m. N. Ploer- mel. Pop. 4,200. Maurs, t. France, in Cantal. 22 m. S. S. W. Au- rillac. Pop. 2,100. Maurua, oneof the smaller of the Society islands. Lon. 152 35' W. Lat. 16 26' S. Maury, co. West Tennessee, on Duck river. Pop. 22,140. Slaves 6,420. Engaged in agricul- ture 5,852, in commerce 63, in manufactures 489. Chief town, Columbia. Maussane, t. France, in Mouths-of-the- Rhone, 11 m. S. E. Tarascon. Pop. 1,500. Mauvaise. See Bad river. Mauraise lerre, or Yellow banks, an elevated spot in Illinois, on the E. side of Illinois river, 80 miles by the stream from its mouth. Mauves, t. France, in Orne, 6 m. N. N. E. Bel- lesme. Pop. 1,200. Mautesin, t. France, in Gers, 17 m. E. N. E. Auch. Pop. 2,000. Mauze, t. France, in Two Sevres, 14 m. S. W. Niort. Pop. 1,600. Maudesley, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 6 m. W. S. W. Chorley. Pop. 744. Maxatany, t. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 1,847. Maxen, v. Saxony, 10m. S. Dresden. May, isl. Scotland, in the mouth of the frith of Forth. May, Cape, on the coast of N. J. the N. cape at the entrance of Delaware bay. Lon. 74 56' W. Lat. 39 N. May, Le, t. France, in Maine^and-Loire, 5 m. N.Chollet. Pop. 2,800. May, Point, point of the peninsula between MAY Fortune and Placentia bays, on the S. side of New- foundland Mayacari, r. Guiana, which runs into the At- lantic, in Ion. 51 46' W. lat. 2 1 1 N. Mayuco, large lake, Florida, said to be 75 miles in circumference, and to be t : e source of the riv- er bt. John's. Streams flow from it both east and west into the sea. MayagWMO) one of the Bahama islands, 24 miles long. Lori. 72 15' to 72 30' E. Lat. 22 32 to 22 44' ;\. Maya/toon, or Loonsay, t. Birman empire,on the W. bank of the Irruwuddy river, 120 m. N. iN.W. Rangoon. Mayamba. See Mayomba. Maybole, t. Scotland, in Ayrshire, 18 m. S. \vr. Pop. l,uOO. Maycatrini, r. Guiana, which runs into the At- lantic, in Ion. 58 26' W. lat. 6 35' N. Muye-n, t. Prussian province of the Lower Rhine, 15 m. W. Coblentz. .Pop. 2,200. Maytnfeld, t. Switz. in the Grison country, on the .haie, 22 m. S. by E. Appenzel. Pop. 900. Mayenne, department in the N. W. of France, bound :-d by the departments of the Orne, Sarthe, Maine, and Loire. Extent, 2,000 sq. miles. Pop. 332,253. Laval is the capital. Mayenne, t. France, in Mayenne, on the river Mayenne, 165 m. W. by S. of Paris. Lon. 37' 1" W. Lat. 48 18' 4" N. Pop. 9,100. Mayenne, r France, which falls into the Loire a little below Angers. Mayet, t. France, in Sarthe, 15 m. S. Le Mans. Pop. 3,200. Mayet de Montagne, t. France, in Allier, 42 m. S. E. Moulins. Pop. 1,500. Mayjield, t. Montgomery co. N. Y. 8 m. N. E. Johnstown, 40 N. W. Albany. Pop. 2,025. Mayjield, t. Cuyahoga co. Ohio. Pop. 159. Mayhew, one of the stations of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions among the Choctaws, established in 1820. It is on the borders of an extensive prairie on the S. side of Ook-tib-be-ha creek, 12 m. above its junc- tion with the Tombigbee, about 100 m. E. Elliot. The number of the Mission family in 1822 was 15. The property, of all kinds, lands, stock, and buildings was $9,305. Lon. 88 15' W. Lat. 33 20' N. Maynas. See Mainas. Maynbernheim, t. Bavaria, 14 m. E. S. E.Wurz- burg. Pop. 1,550. Mayne, r. Ireland,which runs into Lough Neagh, 1 m. S. Ilandalstown. Maynooth, t. Ireland, in Kildare co. 12m. W. by N. Dublin. Mayo, a county of Ireland, in the province of Connaught, bounded S. by Galway, W. by the Atlantic ocean, N. by Sligo, and E by Roscom- mon. Extent, 1,270,144 acres, or 1 ,9*84 sq. miles. Pop. estimated at 140,000, of whom not more than 1,750 are Protestants. Mayo, v. Ireland, in Mayo co. 9 m. S. E. Castle- bar. Mayo, one of the Cape de Verde Islands, off the W. coast of Africa. The only valuable commodity which it produces is salt. 30 m. S. Bona,vista. Lon. 23 8' W. Lat. 15 10' N. Mayomba, s-p. Loango, in Africa, at the bottom of a bay of the same name. Lon. 10 24' E. Lat. 345'S. Mayor, small isl. in the Pacific, near the coast of New Zealand. Lon. 183 31' E. Lat. 36 57' P. M A Z M E C 457 Mayor, Cape,-promontory on the N.coast of Spain. Lon. 3 46' W. Lat. 43 29' N. Mayorga, t Portugal, in Estremadura, 6 1 m. N. Lisbon. ,. Mayors, called also Howe's islands, a cluster of three or four islands in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 179 52' E. Lat. J 8 38' S. Mauotta one of the Comorra islands, near the E. coallt of Africa. Lon. 45 14' E. Lat. 12 52' S. Maypo, r. Chili, which runs into the Pacific, in lat. 3326'N. Maupurg, r. Guiana, which runs into the Atlan- tic, in Ion. 51 46' E- lat. 2 10' N. Mayres, t. France, in Lozere, 2 m. from Mazan Pop. 1,300. May^s landing, p-v. Gloucester co. N. J. May' slick, p-v. Mason co. Ken. 9 miles S. W. Washington. Maysville, p-t. and cap. of Mason co Ken. on the Ohio, 66 m. above Cincinnati, 63 N. E. Lexing- ton, 74 fr. Chillicothe. It contains about 400 hous- es, a glass factory and a printing office. It is the principal port of the N. E. part of the state, as Louisville is of the S. W. The town stands on a narrow strip of land, confined by hills, which rise abruptly to the height of 450 feet. Mayville, p-v. in Chatauque, and cap. of Cha- tauque co. N. Y. on Chatauque lake, 70 m. S. W. Buffalo. Mayzi, the E. cape of Cuba, and the W. point of the Windward passage. Lon. 74 15' 30 ' W. Lat. 20 19' 30" N. Mazagan, s-p. Morocco. Lon. 8 46' W. Lat. 32 54' N. Mazagong, t. Hind, on the island of Bombay, principally inhabited by descendants from the Portuguese. Mazamet, t. France, in Tarn, 12 m. S. E. Castres. Pop. 5,500. Mazan, t. France, in Vaucluse, 16 in. N. E. Avignon. Pop. 3,300. Mazan, t. France, in Ardeche, 28 m. N. W. Vi- viers. Pop. 1,100. Mazanderan, a province of Persia, along the S. shore of the Caspian sea, having Ghilan on the W. Khorassan on the E. and Irak on the S. Mazatlan, t. Mexico, in Sonora. Lon. 106 46' W. Lat 23 15' N. Mazatlan, r. Mexico, which runs into the Pacific ocean, in lat 23 15' N. Maze, t. France, in Maine-and-Loire, 13m. E. Angers. Pop. 3,000. Mazeira, isl. near the E. coast of Arabia, 60 miles long, and 8 broad. Lon. 59 40' E. Lat 20 35' N. Mazieres en Foiz, t France, in Arriege, 13m. N. N. W. Mirepoix. Pop. 2,600. Mazieres, t. France, in Vienne, 6 m. from Con- folens. Pop. 1,100. JJazoires, t. France, in Puy-de-Dome, 2 m. from Mercoeur. Pop. 1,400. Mazorno,i. Austrian Italy, on the Po, 22 m. S. Venice. Pop. 1,200. Mazounah, v. Algiers, in Tlemsan, on the Shel- lif, 30 m. S. Mustyganim. Mazula, small isl. on the W. coast of Africa. Lat. 8" 5' S. Mazzara, t. Sicily, in the Val di Mazzara, 45 m. S. W. Palermo. Lon. 12 28' E. Lat. 37 46' N. Mazzara, Val di, one of the three provinces into which Sicily is divided, comprising the W. of the island. Extent, 4,700 sq. miles. Pop. 650,000. The capital is Palermo. 58 Meachegong, t. Birman empire, on the Irrawud- dy, 30 m. N. Prome. Meuco, a great city of Niphon, in Japan, for- merly the metropolis of the whole empire. It is still the ecclesiastical capital, and the residence of the dairo, or spiritual sovereign. It is in a spa- cious plain, inclosed by a circuit of high moun- tains, and almost entirely formed into fine gardens, interspersed with temples, monasteries, mausole- ums, and watered by numerous rivulets. Pop. more than 500,000. Meaco is the centre of all the literature and science of the empire. A num- ber of the finer manufactures, particularly Japan- work, painting, carving, &c. are carried on here in great perfection. Lon. 153 30' E. Lat. So* 24' N. Mead, t. Crawford co. Pa. Pop. 1,31 1. Mead,t. Belmont co. Ohio. Pop. 1,072. Meadia, t and fortress of Hungary, on the Czerne, 12 m. N. Orsova, 52 S. E. of Temesvar. Lon. 21 59' E. Lat. 45 10' N. Pop. 1,400. Meadville, p-t. and cap. Crawford co. Penn. on the E. side of French creek, 25 m. N. W. Frank- lin, 40 S. of Erie. Lon. 80 5' W. Lat. 41 36' N. Pop. 649. It contains a court-house, jail, arsenal, printing-office, Presbyterian church, and 150 dwel- ling-houses. It is a thriving town, and turnpike roads are in progress which will connect it with Pittsburg, Philadelphia and Erie. Alleghany col- lege was founded here in 1815. A building was commenced in the summer of 1820, designed to accommodate 100 students. The whole number of students yet admitted is 27. The library is val- ued at 6,000 dollars. The funds of the institution are yet small, but have recently been increased by a grant of 5,000 dollars from the Pennsylvania legislature. Meangis Isles, small islands in the Eastern seas, about 5 N. lat. and 127 E. Ion. Meanna, t. Azerbijan, in Persia, 60 m. N. W. Sultania. Meanree, t. Hind, in Sinde, on the Indus. Lon. 68 21' E. Lat 24 44' N. Meansmlle, p-t. and cap. Bradford co. Pa. on the E. branch of the Susquehannah, 60 m. N. W. Wilkesbarre. Meao, one of the small Molucca islands. Lon. 127 3' E. Lat 1 12' N. Meari, or Mari, r. Brazil, which flows into the gulf of the Amazons, in Ion. 45 30' W. Lat. 24GT S. It is navigable for boats 160 leagues. Mearns. See Kincardineshire. Measontown, p-v. Fayette co. Pa. Meath, a maritime co. Ireland, bounded N. by Cavan, Monaghan and Louth ; E. by the Irish channel, S. by Kildare, and W. by West Meath. Extent, 526,700 acres. It consists in general of rich flat pasture land. It is proverbial for cattle, and supplies not only Dublin, but England, and the north of Ireland. Pop. in 1792, 112,400: the Catholics are to Protestants as 40 to 1. Meaux, t. France, in Seine-and-Marne, 32 m. N. E. Paris. It is in a beautiful plain on the Marne. Lon. 2 52' E. Lat. 48 57' N. Pop 70,000. Mecca, a large city of Arabia, cap. of Hedsjas, and celebrated as the birth-place of Mahomet. It is situated in a dry, barren, and rocky country, about a day'sjourney inland from the Red sea. Its immediate position is in a narrow valley, in- closed between mountains. It is entirely support- ed by the concourse of pilgrims from every part of the Mahometan world, extending on one side to 458 MED the frontier of China, and on the other to the states on the Niger. This resort is now greatly dimin- ished, partly in consequence of the decay of reli- gious zeal, and the general decline of power and wealth among the Mahometan states ; partly also from Mecca being continually .exposed to the rude incursions of the Wahabees. The population is not now more than 16,000 or 18,000. The chief ornament of Mecca is the famous temple, in the interior of which is the Kaaba, or house of the prophet. The grand ceremony through which the pilgrims pass, is that of going seven times round the Kaaba. Lon. 40 15' E. Lat. 21 18' 9" N. Mecca, s-p. Morocco, on the Atlantic. Lon. 9 45' W. Lat. 29 45' S. Mechanick, v. in Washington, Dutchess co. N. Y. 15$ m. N. Poughkeepsie. Here is a Quaker boarding-school. The building is 3 stories high, and accommodates 100 students. Mechanicks, t. Coshocton co. Ohio. Pop. 353. Mechanicksburg, p-v. Cumberland co. Pa. Mec/ianicksburg, t. Champaign co. Ohio, llm. E. Urbanna, 30 N. W. Columbus. Mechanicksburg, Ohio, now Cfiilo. Mechanicksville, p-v. Saratoga co. N. Y. Mechanicksrille, p-v. Darlington district, S. C. Mechanicktown, p-t. Frederick co. Md. Mechelen, t. Netherlands, in Limburg, 7 m. N. Maestricht. Pop. 1,000. Mechlin, Mecheln, (in French Malines,) t. Neth- erlands, on the Dyle. The manufactures consist of very fine Brabant lace and linen, besides dam- ask, silk and woollen stuffs, leather and hats. At high water, vessels of considerable draught reach the town from the Scheldt. It is the see of an archbishop. 13m. S. by E. of Antwerp, and 13 N. by E. Brussels. Lon. 4 29' 59" E. Lat. 51 1' 52" N. Pop. 20,000. Mcchoacan. See Valladolid. Mccketiheim, t. Prussian states, in Berg-and- Cleves, J8 m. S. Cologne. Pop. 1,000. Mecklenburg, a grand dutchy in the N. of Ger- many, bounded N. by the Baltic, E. by Pomera- nia, S. by Brandenburg, and W. by Lubeck and Luneburg. Extent, 5,700 sq. miles. Pop. 430,000. It abounds in lakes and forests, and has several tracts of sandy soil ; but is on the whole tolerably fertile. The religion, both of the government and the majority of the people is the Lutheran. At present the house of Mecklenburg is divided into two lines, Schwerin and Strelitz. Both received the title of grand duke at the Congress of Vienna in 1815. Mecklenburg-Schwerin contains 4,900 sq. miles, and Mecklenburg-Strelitz, 800. See ., v. Germany, in Mecklenburg- Schwerin, 2 m. from Wismar. ffiburg, co. Va. bordering on N. Carolina. Pop. 19,786. Slaves 11,402. Engaged iu agri- culture 6,202, in commerce 27, in manufactures 42-5. Chief town, Boydton. The court-house is 26 in. fr. Lunenburg. Mecklenburg., co. N. C. bordering on S. Carolina. Pop. 16,895. 'Slaves 5,171. Engaged in agri- ture 2,968, in commerce 40, in manufactures 635. Chief town, Charlotte. Mccklcy. See Cassa and Munnipore. Meckmuhl, t. Wirtemburg, on the Jaxt, 36 m. N. N. E. Stutgard. Pop. 1,200. Mecon, river of Asia. See Cambodia. Mecran. See Mekran. Medea, t. Algiers, in Africa, 32 m. S. W. Al- giers. MED Media el, or Mahdia, s-p. Africa, 80m. S. Tuni, Medellinj (an. Metellinum,} t. Spain, in Estru- madura, on the Guadiana, 19m. E. Merida. Lon. 5 47' W. Lat. 38 43' N. Medelpad, province of Sweden, belonging to Hernosand, between the gulf of Bothnia and the province of Jamtland. It is 1 00 miles long, and 50 broad. Pop. 32,000. Medenblik, t. Netherlands, in North Holland, on the Zuyder Zee, 28 m. N. by E. Amsterdam. Lon. 4 50' E. Lat. 52 49' N. Pop. 2,000. Medjield, p-t. Norfolk co. Mass. 9 m. S. W. Ded- ham, 20 S. W. Boston. Pop. 892. Medford, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass, on Mystic river, 4m. N. Boston. Pop. 1,474. It contains several distilleries, and brick-yards. Mediasch, t. Transylvania, on the Cockel, 196 m. E. Belgrade. Medicine, r. Missouri Ter. which runs into the Missouri, 12m. above the Great Falls. Medina, a city of Arabia, celebrated as contain- ing the tomb of Mahomet. Although this tomb is held in high veneration, its visitation is not consid- ered in any very high degree meritorious. It is performed by few, unless the pilgrims from Syria, in whose way it happens to lie. The tomb itself is not superior to those which the founders of mosques usually erect to perpetuate their own memory. It is placed between two others, con- taining the ashes of the first caliphs, Abubeker and Omar. The building which incloses it, is hung with silk, which is renewed every seven years. It it guarded by forty eunuchs. The mosque found- ed by the prophet is said to be very magnificent, being supported by four hundred columns, and containing three hundred lamps, always burning. Jambo, on the Red sea, serves as the port of Me- dina. 176 m. N. Mecca. Lon. 39 33' E. Lat. 25 N. Pop. 6,000. Medina, cap. of the kingdom of Woolly, in W. Africa. Lon. 12 50' W. Lat. 13 38' N. Medina, t. Africa, in Kasson. Lon. 9 15' W. Lat. 14 15' N. Medina, small isl. in the Atlantic, near the coast of Africa. Lat. 19 45' N. Medina, co. in the N. part of Ohio. Sq. miles 760. Pop. 3,082. Engaged in agriculture 885, in commerce 2, in manufactures 28. Chief town, Medina. At the court-house is a post-office. Medina, p-t. and cap. Medina co. Ohio, on Rocky river, 26 m. S. W.Cleveland, 114N. E. Columbus. Pop. 320. Medina Celi, (an. Arcobriga) t. Spain, in Old Castile, 84 m. S. W. Saragossa. Lon. 2 15' W. Lat. 41 15'N. Pop. 1,200. Medina de Las Torres, t. Spain, in Estramadura, 20 m. W. N. W. Llerena. Pop. 2,000. Medina del Campo, (Methymna Campeslris,') t. Spain, in Leon, 37 m. N. W.' Segovia. Lon. 6 W. Lat. 41 2# N. Pop. 6,000. Medina del Rio Scco, t. Spain, in Leon, 25 m. N. W. Valladolid. Lon. 4 43' W. Lat. 42 4' N. Pop. 8,000. Medina Sidonia, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 22 m. S. E. Cadiz. Lon. 5 55' W. Lat. 36 22' N. Pop. 5,000. Mediterranean, the great sea which forms the S. boundary of Europe. Its length from E. to W. is about 2,000 miles ; its general breadth is from 400 to 500. From the Black sea on the N. E. a strong current sets regularly into the Mediterra- nean. In the straits of Gibraltar the middle cur- rent flows into it from the Atlantic, while along M E H the northern and southern shores, two weaker currents flow in a contrary direction. This sea differs greatly from the ocean in its tides, which are feeble and irregular. Though its winds are variable, its navigation is in general smooth and MedSnr, or Modling, t. Austria, 8 m. S. Vienna. Pop. 3,200. Medmann, or Mettmann, t. Prussian states, in Berg, 6 m. E. N. E. Dusseldorf. Lon. 6 43' E. Lat. 51 17' N. Pop. 4,000. Medoni, or Copper lslc,i*l. in the Eastern ocean, at the extremity of Asiatic Russia, 100 m. from Bhering's island. Medrosta, lake, Maine. Lon. 68 2% W. Lat. 47 56 N. It is the source of Spey river, a branch of the St. John. Meii-esei, cape, on the N. coast of Nova Zem- bla. Lon. 68 34 E. Lat. 77 20' N. Medicay, r. Eng. which falls into the mouth of the Thames, at Sheerness. It has been made nav- igable to Tunbridge . Medicay, p-t. Norfolk co. Mass. 15 m. S. W. Dedham, 25 S. W. Boston. Pop. 1,523. Here is a loom for weaving lace veils. Medyn, t. Eu. Russia, in Kaluga, 92 m. S. W. Moscow. Lon. 37 51' E. Lat. 55 N. Pop. 800. Meegheo-ung-yay, t. Birman empire, in Ava, on the Irrawuddy. Lon. 94 50' E. Lat. 19 53' N. Meelnk, t. Algiers, 13 m. N. W. Constantina. Meenees, small isl. in the Sooloo archipelago. Lon. 121 35' E. Lat. 6 32' N. Meerat, t. Hind, in Ajmeer. Lon. ^74 14' E. Lat. 26 35' N. Meercoot, t. Cabul. Lon. 67 W E. Lat. 33 31' N. Meerholz, t. Germany, in Hesse-Cassel, 35 m. S. W. Fulda. Pop. 1,000. Meerhout, t. Netherlands, in Antwerp, 24 m. N. E. Louvain. Pop. 2,800. Meerjaow, t. India, in Canara. Lon. 74 36' E. Lat. 14" 27' N. Meerka Serai, t. Bengal, in Chittagong. Lon. 414'E. Lat. 26 35' N. Meersen, t. Netherlands, in Limburg, 3 m. N. E. Maastricht. Pop. 1,100. Mtes, Les, t. France, in Lower Alps, 17 m. S. W. Digne. Pop. 2,000. Meqanlick, lake, Lower Canada, on the borders of the United States. It is one of the lakes from which the river Chaudiere rises. It is 9 miles long, and 2 broad. Megara, t. Greece, in Corinth, 18 m. W. Ath- ens. Megen, t. Netherlands, in North Brabant, on the Maese, 15 m. N. E. Bois le Due. Megeve, t. Sardinian states, in Savoy, 20 m. S. E. Bonne ville. Pop. 3,100. Meggat, r. Scotland, in Dumfries-shire, which falls into the Esk. Mcgn, or Pulo Mfgo, small isl. off the W. coast uiatra. Lon. 101 5' E. Lat. 4 S. Mehaine, r. Netherlands, which falls into the Meuse, above lluy. Mehallet Kebe.tr, city, Lower Egypt, on a ca- nal between the E. and W. branches of the Nile. Lon. 31" 24' E. Lat. 30 50 7 N. Mehtrrin, r. which rises in Virginia, and run- na, unites with the Nottaway, 7 m. below the lim, to form the Chowan river. Mehindry, r Hind. inGuierat, which falU into heGnlfofCambay. M E L 459 Mehlsack, t. East Prussia, 35 m. S. Elbing, 24 S. W. Konigsberg. Pop. 2,200. Mehringen, or Mohrin^en, t. Bavaria, 8 m. S. S. E. Augsburg. Pop. 1,200. Mehun, t. France, in Cher, 12 m. N. W. Bour- ges. Pop. 1,300. Mehwas, district, Hind, in Gujerat, on the Pud- dar river. Meidling, t. Austria, 10 m. S. by W. Vienna. Pop. 3,200. Meigle, t. Scotland, in Perthshire, 12 m. N. W. Dundee. Meigs, co. Ohio, N. of Gallia co. Sq. miles 400. Pop. 4,480. Engaged in agriculture 980, in com- merce 4, in manufactures 90. Chief town, Meigs- ville. Meigs, t. Adams co. Ohio. Pop. 2,001. Meigs, t. Muskingum co. Ohio. Pop. 284. Meigs creek, r. Ohio, which runs into the Mus- kingum, 20 m. above Marietta. Meigsville or Cows, p-v. Randolph co. Va. Meigsville, p-t. Morgan co. Ohio. Pop. 211. Meigsville, t. and cap. Meigs co. Ohio. Meilen, v. Switz. 3 m. S. E. Zurich. Pop. 2,200. Meilhan, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne, 6 m. W. N. W. Marmand* Pop. 2,400. Meillonas, t. France, in Ain, G m. N. E. Bourer. Pop. 1,400. Meimac, or Meyniac, t. France, in Correze, 9 m. W. Ussel. Pop. 3,000. Meinungen, a principality in the interior of Germany, forming the territory of the duke of Saxe-Meinungen. Extent, 448 sq. miles. Pop. 54,400. Revenue, 35,0002. It consists of two districts, situated at some distance from each oth- er. It is traversed by the river Werra, has ex- tensive forests, and mines of iron, coal, and cobalt. Meinungen, t. Germany, on the Werra. It has been, since 1681, the residence of the dukes of Saxe-Meinungen, who have here a large and ele- gant castle, with a library, a cabinet of curiosi- ties, and a depot of archives. 21 m. N. Schwein- furt. Pop. 4,200. Meisenheim, t. Germany, 34 m. N. Deux-Ponts, 30 W. S. W. Mentz. Pop. 1,800. Meissen, or Misnia, a circle of Saxony, extend- ing along both sides of the Elbe, from Bohemia on the S. to Prussian Saxony on the N. Area, 1,600 sq. miles. Pop. 298,000. It contains the principal manufactures of Saxony,whether in woollen, linen, or cotton, and i? one of the most populous, and best cultivated parts of the kingdom. Meissen, t. Saxony, on the Elbe, at the junction of the Meissa. It is well known for its porcelain manufacture. 15 m. W. N. W. Dresden. Pop. 4,100. Mejerdah, s-p. Algiers, 42 m. W. Tlemsan. Mejerdah, r. Africa, the Bagrada of the ancients, which runs through the W. part of Tunis, and along the borders of Algiers, till it falls into the Mediterranean at Porto Farina. Mekehoan, s-p. Ommon, in Arabia, on the Per- sian gulf, 45 m. W. S. W. Julfa. Mekran, a province of Persia, on the shore of the Indian ocean. On the E. it extends to the province of Scind in Hinclostan, and on the west and north it has Kerman and Seistan. Melada, Meleda, or Melit, small isl. Austria, off the coast of Dalmatia. Pop. 2,000. Lon. 17 58' E. Lat. 43 5' N. Melada, small isl. off the coast of Dalmatia, N. 0f Jsola Grows. Lon. 15 56' E. Lat. 44 35' N. 460 M E L M E M Melasso, t. Natolia, in A. Turkey, 80 .m. S. Smyrna. Melay, or Meslay, t France, in Mayenne, 15m. S. E. Laval. Pop. 1,300. Mefaszo, or Milasso, (an. Mylce,} s-p. Sicily, in the Val di Demona. The trade consists in the export of wine, olives, and olive oil, and is carri- ed on chiefly with Marseilles, Leghorn, and Genoa. Pop. 6,000. 20 m. W. Messina, 100 E. Palermo. Lon. 15 23' E. Lat. 38 16' N. Melbourne, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, on the St. Francis, 50 m. S. by E. Three-Rivers. Melcombe Regis, borough and t. Eng. in Dorset- shire, at the mouth of the Wey, opposite Wey- mouth. It sends 2 members to parliament. Pop. 2,350. Melk, Molk, or Moelck, t. Austria, half way be- tween Lintz and Vienna. Meldorf, or Meldorp, t. Denmark, 50 m. N. W. Hamburgh. Lon. 9 4' E. Lat. 54 10' N. Pop. 2,000. Meldrum, Old, t. Scotland, in Aberdeenshire, 17 m. N. W. Aberdeen. Melenki, t. Eu. Russia, 68 m. S. E. Vladimir. Lon. 29 41' E. Lat. 55 10' N. Meletelunk, r. N. J. which communicates through Beaverdam bay, with the AfRantic, at Cranberry inlet. Lat. 40 5' N. Melfi, t. Naples, in Basilicata, 52 m. E. by N. Salerno. Pop. 7,500. Melford, Long, t. Eng. in Suffolk, 59 m. N. E. by N. London. Pop. 2,068. Melgar de.Fermental, t. Spain, in Burgos, 42 m. N. W. Burgos. Melilla, s-p. Morocco, in Fez, on the coast of the Mediterranean. Lon. 2 54' W. Lat. 35 24' N. Melinda, s-p. E. Africa, and cap. of a kingdom of the same name. It was formerly tributary to the Portuguese, but in 1698, was wrested from them by the Arabs, in whose power it has ever since remained. Melinda is a large and hand- some town, the houses built of stone, many of them magnificent and richly furnished. The numerous mosques give it a splendid appearance from the sea. It is the seat of a very considerable trade, be- ing resorted to by vessels from the Red sea, Per- sia, and the northern parts of India. The exports consist of gold, ivory, copper, wax, and drugs, in exchange for silks, cotton, linen cloths, arid Euro- pean commodities. The ruling people are Mahom- etans ; but a considerable proportion of the inhab- itants consist of negroes. The interior of the coun- try has not been explored by Europeans. The city stands in Ion. 41 Z E. lat. 3 S. Melipilla, province, Chili, bounded N. by Quil- lota, S. by the river Maypo, which divides it from Rancagua, and W. by the sea. Melipilla, the cap- ital, is in Ion. 70 7' W. lat. 32 32' N. Melita. See Malta. Melitopol, t. Eu. Russia, 12 m. from the sea of \zoph, 108 S. Ekaterinoslav. Lon. 35 10' E. Lat. 46 12' N. Mditto, t. Italy, 4 m. N. Naples. Pop. 2,500. Mdkapore, i. Hind, in Berar. Lon. 7t>" 39' E. Lat. 21 4' N. Melksham, t. Eng. in Wilts, on the Avon, 95 m. S.London. Pop. 4,110. Mell Islands, small islands, near the W. coast of Scotland. Lon. 4 57' W. Lat. 58 15' N. Mella, r. Austrian Italy, which falls into the Oglio, near Ostiuno. Mdlara, t. Austrian Italy, on the Po, 18 m. E. by S. Mantua. Mellavoui, or Melaui, city, Upper Egypt, 120 m. S. Cairo. Melle, Capo delle, cape on the N.W. coast of Ita- ly. Lon. SMS' E. Lat. 43 58' N. Melli, or Lamlem, described by the Arabian writers as an extensive country of Africa, situated S. of the Niger. Mellineen, t. Switzerland, in Aarcau, 9 m. S. \>y W. Baden. Mellor, t. Eng. in Derbyshire, 8 m. N.W. Cha- pel in le Frith. Pop. 1,760. Mellor, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 3 m. N.W. Black- burn. Pop. 1,548. Mellrichstadt, t. Bavaria, 49 m. N. N. E. Wurz- burg. Pop. 2,000. Melts, v. Eng. in Somerset, 3 m. W. N.W. Frome. Pop. 1,061. Mellmlle, t. Cumberland co. N. J. Pop. 1,032, Melnick, t. Bohemia, at the junction of the Moldau and the Elbe, 18 m. N. Prague. Pop. 1,200. Melo, t. Buenos Ayres. Lon. 54 17' 24" W. Lat. 32 23' 14"S. Melrose, t Scotand, in Roxburgh co. pleasantly situated at the bottom of the Eildon hills, on the side of a fertile bay, intersected by the Tweed. A short distance from the town, on the S. side of the Tweed, is the abbey of Melrose, one of the largest and most magnificent in the kingdom. The Lay of the Last Minstrel, by Sir Walter Scott, containing a beautiful description of it, has ren- dered Melrose abbey an object of so much inter- est, as now to be visited by travellers from all parts of th" globe. 35m. S. Edinburgh, 11 N.Jed- burgh. Pop. 3,132. Melsungen, t. Germany, in Hesse-Cassel, on the Fulda, 14 m. S. S E. Cassel. Pop. 2,850. Meltham, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 6 m. S. W. by S. Huddersfield. Pop. 1,430. Melton Mowbray, t. Eng. in Leicester, on the Eye, 20 m. S. E. Nottingham. Lon. 54' W, Lat. 52 46' N. Pop. 2,145. Melville Bay, harkor on the N. coast of New- Holland. Lon. of Point Dundas, at the entrance, 13641'E. Lat. 1213'S. Melville, Cape, the N. W. point of Hispaniola. Lon. 60 30' W. Lat. 15 44' N. Melville Island, the largest of the New Georgia islands, 135 miles long and 40 or 50 broad, in the Polar Sea, discovered by Capt. Parry. In Hecla and Griper's bay on the S. side of the island, the expedition under the Captain wintered, in 1819- 1820. Cape Duridas, the W. point, is in Ion. 113* 57' 35" W. Lat. 72 27' 50" N. Melville hies, islands on the N. shore of New Holland, at the entrance into the gulf of Carpen- taria, on the W. side. Lon 136 5? E. Lat 12* 8'S. Melun, t. France, in Seine-aud-Marne, on the Seine, 11 m. N. Fontainbleau, 32 S. E. Paris. Pop. 6,700. Memcl, t. E. Prussia, on the Curische H&ff, which joins the Baltic here by a narrow strait. It is strongly fortified. The situation is very fa- vourable for trade, the Curische Haff receiving the grrat iivT Memel or Niemen, which is navigable throughout a great part of Lithuania. It exports timber, which is brought down in floats; also hemp, flax, and corn. The harbour is capacious, but it will not admit vessels drawing above 18 feet of wa- ter. The*, manufactures are trifling. 70 m N. N. E. Konigsberg, 130 N. E. Dantzic. Lon. 21 5' E. Lat. 55 42' N. Pop. 6,000. MEN Memmingen, t. Bavaria, on the Iller, 28 m. S. by E. Ulm. Lon. 10 10' E. Lat. 47 59' N. Pop. ? ' Memphramagog,Lake, on the boundary between Vermont and Lower Canada. It is 30 miles long, and discharges its waters through St Francis river into the river St. Lawrence. Oil stones are found here of as good quality as those imported from Turkey. Memramcook, small r. which has been recom- mended as the boundary between the provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. It falls into the bay of Fundy. Men of May, rocks in the North sea, near the N. coast of Scotland, 5 m. E. Dunnet Head. Lon. 3 3' W. Lat. 58 3' N. Menai, Strait of, in Wales, dividing the island of Anglesey from the main land. Menamen, t. A. Turkey, 6 m. N. W. Smyrna. Menancabow, kingdom, Sumatra, in the centre of the island, at present confined to about 60 miles on each side of the equator. Its jurisdiction for- merly extended over the whole island. Menan, Little, small isl. Maine, with a light- house, 2 miles S. S. E. Goldsborough harbor. Menat, t. France, in Puy-de-Dome, 27 m. N. N. W. Clermont. Pop. 1,700. Menchuan, isl. off the coast of Chili. Lat. 44 20' S. Mende, t. France, cap. of Lozere, on the left bank of the Lot. It is the see of a bishop. Pop. 5,000. 40 m. S. W. Le Puy. Mendeli, t. Irak Arabi, 50 m. N. E. Bagdad. Menden, t. Prussian States, 49 m. N. E. Cologne. Pop. 1,400. Mendes, s-p. Anatolia, in A. Turkey, 20 m. S. Milets. Mendham, p-t. Morris co. N. J. 6 m. S. W. Mor- ristown. Pop. 1,326. Mendip Hills, a range of hills in Eng. in Somer- set co. abounding with coal and lead. Mendksham, v. Eng. in Suffolk, 79i m. N. E. Londoa Pop. 1,093. Mendocas Islands. See Marquesas. Mendocino, Cape, on the N.W. coast of America. Lon. 124 7' W. Lat. 40 19' N. Mendon, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 19 m- S. Wor- oester, 37 S.W.Boston. Pop. 2,254. It is water- ed by Charles river, Mill river, and other streams, and has a cotton factory, a forge, and numerous mills. Mendon, p-t. Monroe co. (N. Y.) N. W. of Ca- aandaigua. Pop. 2,012. Mendoza, city, near the S. W. corner of Buenos Ayres,at the foot of the Andes. Lon. 69 47' W. Lat. 33 25' S. Pop. 21 ,000. Mendoza, r. in the viceroyalty of Buenos Ayres, which rises in the Andes, and running E. is form- ed into lakes in the plains. Mendrah, district, Fezzan, in Africa, 60 m. S. Mourzouk. Mendrisio, or Dendris, t. Switz. in Ticino, 7 m. W. Como. Mendy, properly Mhendigaut, t. Hind, in Agra, n the W. bank of the Ganges. Lon. 79 57' E. Lat. 27 3' \. Menfrbet, t. France, in Vaucluse, 18 m. E. S. E. Avignon. Pop. 1,500. Menelou Salon, t. France, in Cher, 11 m. N. Bourges. Pop. 3,300. Menga, Pomlr. de, cape, on the N. W. coast of France. Lon. 151' W. Lat. 48 42' N. MEN 461 Mengen, t. Wirtemburg, 50 m. S. Stutgard. Pop. 1,700. Mengeringhausen, t. Germany, 24 m. W. N. W. Cassel. Pop. 1,200. Mengerskirchen, t. Germany, in Nassau, 7 m. S. W. Dillenburg. Pop. 1,000. Menhusa, s-p. Barca, in Africa, 160 m. S. W. Tolometa. Menil, t. France, in Maine-and-Loire, on the Loire, 14 m. S.W. Angers. Pop. 1,400. Menilles, t. France, 9 m. W. Evreux. Pop. 1,400. Menin, t. Netherlands, in W. Flanders, on the Lys. It is fortified, and is tolerably well built. 11 m, N. Lisle, 30 S. Bruges. Pop. 4,600. Menominie, r. Michigan Territory, which runs into Green bay, 60 m. N. E. Fort Howard. It ad- mits vessels drawing 6 or 7 feet water, and cauoes ascend the river 60 leagues. The Menominie In- dians live principally on the banks of this river. They are about 4,000 in number. Menron, Fort, Upper Canada, on the N. side of the river Kaminiticwia, which falls into the west end of lake Superior, 20 miles below, at Fort Wil- liam. It is in about Ion. 90 W. lat. 48 N. Mens, t. France, in Isere, 25 m. S. Grenoble. Pop. 2,000. Mensclink, t. Eu. Russia, in Orenburg, 140 m . E. Kasan. Pop. 2,400. Mensheel. See Meschie. Menstrie, v. Scotland, in Perthshire, 5 m. N. E. Stirling. Menlone, t. Sardinian States, on the sea coast, 6 m. N. E. Monaco. Lon. 7 31' E. Lat. 45 45' N. Pop. 3,300. Mentor, t. Geauga co. Ohio, on lake Erie, W. of Painesville. Pop. 452. Mentuosa, isl. on the coast of Veragua. Lon. 82 40' W. Lat. 7 15' N. Ments, Mainz, or Mayence, city, Germany, in the grand dutchy of Hesse, on the left bank of the Rhine, immediately below the influx of the Maine. It is built nearly in the form of a semicircle, of which the Rhine is the basis. It is the strongest fortress in Germany. The greatest defect of the fortifications is their extent, which is such as to require a garrison of nearly 30,000 men. The in- terior of the town is by no means handsome. The public library contains a collection of 80,000 vol- umes ; a cabinet of coins and medals ; a museum of Roman monuments, said to be the most com- plete of any out of Italy ; and a gallery of pic- tures. Pop. 23,500, of whom 1,600 are Jews. Its trade is partly in wines, partly in general com- mission business connected with the navigation of the river. In 1802, the archbishopric was sup- pressed, and Mentz is now only a bishop's see. 37 m. S. E. Coblentz, 99 N. by E. Strasburg, Lon. 811'E. Lat. 49 59' N. Mentz, p-t. Cayuga co. N. Y. on the Erie ca- nal, 12 m. N. W. Auburn. Pop. 3,010. In this town is the village of Montezuma. Menuf, or Mencuf, city, Lower Egypt, 22 m. N. N. W. Cairo. Pop. about 5,000. Menugat, t. Caramania, in A. Turkey, 21 m. W. Alanieh. Menzabano, t. Italy, on the Mincio, where the Austrians were defeated by the French in 1800. Menzaleh, extensive lake of Lower Egypt, ex- tending along the coast to the E. of the Damietta branch of the Nile, 60 miles long, and 25 in its greatest breadth. 462 HER Mensalehj t. Egypt, on the borders of lake Men- zaleh, 20 m. S. S. E. Dannetta. Pop. 2,000. Menzelinsk, t. A. Russia, in Oufa, 132 in. W. N. W. Oufa. Me isies, Point, cape, on the N. W. coast of America, at the entrance of Bqntick's Arms. Lon. 232 55' W. Lat 52" 18' N. Mensingen, or Mensigen, v. Switz. 4 m. E. Zug. Meppel, t. Netherlands, 24 m. VV. Covorden. Pop. 4,700. Meppcn, province, Hanover, in the dutchy of Aremberg, bounded N. by East Friesland, E. by Oldenburg, S. E. by i^ast Friesland, S. by Os- nabruck and Lingen, W. by Holland. Sq. miles 700. Pop. 26,200. Meppcn, t. Germany, 52 m. N. Munster. Pop. 1,600. Mequinenza, t. Spain, in Catalonia, at the con- fluence of the Segre, the Cinca, and the Ebro, 19 m. S. S. W. Lenda. Pop. 1,600. Mequinez, city, Morocco, and frequently the residence of the emperors. It is situated in a fine plain, watered by numerous rivulets, and sur- rounded with a wall six feet high, which serves as a defence against the Brebers. Lon. 5 50' W. Lat. 33 56' N. Mer, t France, in Loir-and-Cher, 21 m. S. W. Orleans. Pop. 4,300. Mer, t. Hind, in Cutch. Lat. 23 32' N. Meral, t. France, in Mayenne, 17 m. N. W. Cha- teau Gontier. Pop. 1,500. Mcran, t Tyrol, near the confluence of the Pas- seyer and Adige, 42 m. N. Trent. Pop. 2,300. Merane, t. Germany, in Saxony. Pop. 2,200. Lon. 12 21' E. Lat. 50 49' N. Merasche, pachalic, A. Turkey, in Natolia, bounded N. by Siwas. E. by Diarbekir and Orfa, S. by Aleppo and Adana, VV. by Konieh. Merat, or Merutt, t. Hind, in Delhi. Lon. 77 43' E. Lat. 29 1' N. Meraice, t. Nubia, on the Nile, above Dongola, exhibiting many ancient ruins. Mercara, t. India, in Mysore. Lon. 75 58' E. Lat. 12 30 N. Mercer, p-t. Somerset co. Maine, llm. W. Nor- ridgewock. Pop. 743. Mercer, co. Pa. bounded N. by Crawford co. E. by Venango co. S. by Beaver co. and W. by Ohio. Pop. 11,681. Engaged in agriculture 1,951, in commerce 11, in manufactures 283. Chief town, Mercer. Mercer, p-t. and cap. Mercer co. Pa. 70 m. N. W. Pittsburg. Pop. 506. Mercer, t. Uutler co. Pa. Pop. 641. Mercer co. Ken. Pop. 15,587; slaves 3,825. Engaged in agriculture 3,498, in commerce 53, in manufactures 657. Chief town, Harrodsburg. Mercer, co. Ohio, bordering on Indiana. Sq. miles 560. Pop. 95. Mercersburg, p-t Franklin co. Pa. 16 m. S. W. Chambersburg, 168 W. Philadelphia. Merchingen, t. Baden, (i m. W. by S. Krau- theim. Pop. 1,100. Merchlem, t. Netherlands, in South Brabant, 9 m. N. N. VV. iJrus-els. Pop. 3,500. Mercogliano, L Naples, in the Principato Ultra. Pop. 3,000. Mercury bay, bay on the N. E. coast of the north- ernmost island of New Zealand. Lon. 1 84 4' W. Lat. 36 4'd' S. Mercury, Point, New Zealand, the N. E. point *f >: .. c' try bay. Lon. 184 W. Lat. 36 47' S. Merdin, city, Diarbekir, in A. Turkey, near the M E fi lop of a lofty mountain, the summit of which is crowned by a castle. Pop. 11,000, of whom 1,500 are Armenians, and 200 Jews ; the remain- der Turks, Arabs, and Curds. 45 m. S. Diarbekir. Merdrignac, t. France, in Cotes-du-Nord, 17 m. E. Lodere. Pop. 2,200. Mere, t. Eng. in Wiltshire, 23 m. W. by N. Sal- isbury, 102 VV. S. W. London. Pop 2,211. Mere, t. Eng. in Cheshire, 2$ m. N. VV. Nethel Knutsford. Mere, v. France, in Calvados, 2 m. E. N. E. Conde sur Noireau. Pop. 1,200. Merecs, t. Russian Lithuania, In Wilna, on the Niemen. Lon. 23" 40' E. Lat. 54 5' N. Meredith, p-t. Strafford co. N. H. on Lake Win- nipiseogee, 25 m. N. Concord. Pop. 2,416. At Meredith bridge, in the S. E. part of the town, is a village on both sides of Winuipiseogee outlet, C m. from the lake. It is partly in Gilford and partly in Meredith, and contains about 40 houses, a large Congregational church, and a court-house, the lower story of which is occupied as an acade- my. Here are a paper mill, woollen factory, and an extensive cotton factory. There are, besides, in the town, 3 churches, a nail factory and 2 distil- leries. A canal through Meredith is in contem- plation to connect lake Winnipiseogee with Mer- rimack river. Meredith, p-t. Delaware co. N. Y. 8 m. N. Del- hi, 66 W. Catskill, 69 S. W. Albany. Pop. 1,375. Mergenev, fort, A. Russia, on the Oural, 72 m, S. Ouralsk. Mergentheim, t. Wirtemberg, 19 m. S. by W. Wurzburg. Pop. 3,000. Mergui, s-p. of the Birman empire, on Tanna- serim river, 6 m. from its mouth. Lon. 98 23' E. Lat. 12 12' N. Mergui Archipelago. These islands extend 135 miles from N. to S. along the isthmus of the Malay peninsula, with a strait between them and the main land, from 15 to 30 miles broad. The prin- cipal are King V island, St. Matthew's, Clara, and Tanuaserim. They nominally belong to the Bir- mans. Lat. 9 30' to 13' 20' N. Merida, t. Spain, in Estremadura, on the Gua- diana. In the time of the Romans and Goths, it was called Augusta Emerila. Its antiquities ren- der it an object of great interest. These are scat- tered in ail directions ; in the walls, the houses, the churches, and even in the pavement of the streets, are discovered the remains of columns, ba- ses, capitals, frizes, statues, and inscriptions. 30 m. E. Badajos, 10U N. W . Cordova, 1 1 1 N. Seville. Lon. 5 50' W. Lat. 38 50' i\. Merida, an intendancy of New Spain, compre- hending the peninsula of Yucatan, situated be- tween the bays of Campearhy dud ! i .luluras. Extent, 45,784 sq. miles. Pop. 4b5,*>00. The trees which furnish the famous Campcachy wood, JJTOW in abundance in several districts of this intendancy. Merida, city, Mexico, cap. of the Yucatan, 70m. N. K. Can Pop. JO,0,'X). Meriden, p-t. New-Haven co. Ct. 17 m. N Haven, 17 S. Hartford. Pop. 1,309. It contains 3 churches, 1 for Congregationalists, 1 for f pal ia us, ami 1 for Baptllts. Here are several man- ufactures of tin ware. Meridian, p-t. Madison co. Missouri. Meridianrille, p-t. Madison co. Alabama, 8 m. N. Huntsville. Mengnac, t. France, in Charente, 9 m. E. Cog- nac. Pop. 1,206. Also, a town in Gironde, 6 m. fr. Bordeaux. Pop. 2,000. M E R Merigny, t. France, in Indre, 5 m. W. Le Blanc. Pop. 1 V 200. Merilles, t. France, in Yonne, 6 m. N. E. St. Fargeau. Pop. 1,700. Merimeg. See Merrimack, Missouri. Merian, Lower, t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop. 2,256. Jtferion, Upper, t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop. ' Merioneth, maritime co. Wales, bounded N. by Caernarvon and Denbigh counties, S. by Cardi- gan, W. by Cardigan bay, and E. by Denbigh and Montgomery counties. Extent, 670 sq. miles or 430,000 acres. Pop. in 1801, 29,500; in 181 1, 30,924. Merishausen, t. Switz. 5 m. N. Schaffhausen. Merlera, small isl. in the Mediterranean, 12 m. N. W. Corfu. Merlerault, t. France, in Orne, 18 m. N. N. E. Alencon. Pop. 1,300. Mermentau, Mexicana, or Mentou, r. Louisiana, which, after a southerly course of 200 miles, falls into the gulf of Mexico, about 200 miles to the west of the Mississippi. In the lower part of its course, it expands into a spacious lake ; and be- fore its exit into the sea it again assumes the form and breadth of a small river. Merom, p-t. and cap. Sullivan co. Indiana, on the E. side of the Wabash, 35 m. above Vincennes. Its situation is elevated, being on the highest land on the Wabash from its mouth to the E. line of the State. It commands a view of the prairie country for 30 miles, which is rapidly set- tling. Merrimack, r. N. H. formed by the union of the Pemigewasset and the Winnipiseogee. The Pem- igewasset rises in the White mountains, and run- ning S. about 70 miles, receives the Winnipiseo- gee ; after which, the united stream continues a southerly course, and passes into Massachusetts, where, turning to the N. E. it runs 50 miles, and falls into the ocean below Newburyport. It is navigable to Haverhill. Salmon, shad, and ale- wives are caught in considerable quantities. The Middlesex canal in Massachusetts connects this river with Boston harbor, and by means of variou3 improvements around the rapids and falls of the river, the navigation is now extended as high up as Concord. The following are the principal im- provements : Bow canal, around the falls a few miles below Concord, was constructed in 1812, at an expense of $20,000. Six miles further down is Hooksett canal, which cost f 15,000. The fall at this place is 17 feet. Eight miles below Hook- sett is Amoskeag canal, the greatest work of the kind in New-England, except Middlesex. On leaving Amoskeag canal you enter upon a section of the river nine miles in extent, converted by law into the Union canal, comprehending in that space six district falls, all of which have been made pas- sable. Decending five miles further, you come to ' //' falls, which are made passable by a canal. The cost of the Union canal, including Cromwell's, was about 50,000 dollars. Fifteen miles below Cromwell's falls, are Wicasee falls m.'i r-anal in Middlesex co. Mass. The canal cost 14,000 dollars. Three miles below Wicasee ca- nal is the entrance into the Middlesex canal. Merrimack, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 6 m. E. Araherst. Pop. 1,162. Merrimack, t. Washington co. Missouri. Jferrtmodk, t. Franklin co. Missouri. Merrimack) r. Missouri, which rises in the high- E R 463 lands near the sources of the Gasconade and the St. Francis, and after a N. E. course of 250 mile* enters the Mississippi 18 m. below St. Louis. It is navigable only 50 miles, except in high Hoods when most of its tributaries may be ascended in boats. Merritchj t. Hind, in Bejapore, on the Krishna, Lon. 75 E. Lat. 16 e 52'N. Merritstown, p-t. Fayette co. Pa. Merry hill, p-v. Bertie co. N. C. Merrymeeting bay, Maine, is formed by the junc- tion of the Kennebec and Androscoggin rivers, 20 m. from the sea. Merrymetting bay, N. H. the S. E. arm of Lake Winnipiseogee, extending about 5 miles in the township of Alton. Merry's Island, isl. in Hudson's bay. Lon. 93 5' W. Lat. 61 52' N. Mers Agoleta, s-p. Algiers, 6 m. N. W. Tunis. Mers el Kebetr, or Mazalquiver, s-p. Algiers, 6 m. W. Oran. Mersch, t. Prussian states, near Juliers. Pop. 1,700. Mersch, t. Netherlands, 8 m. N. Luxemberg. Pop. 1,700. Mersea, t. Essex co. Up. Canada, on Lake Erie. Merseburg, one of the new divisions of the Prus- sian states, consisting almost entirely of the terri- tories ceded by Saxony in 1815. Extent, 4,000 sq. miles. Pop. 471,000. Merseburg, t. Prussian Saxony, cap. of the pre- ceding government, is on the Saale, 15 m. W. Leipsic. Lon. 12 E. Lat. 51 21' N. Pop. 6,800. Mersey, isl. Eng. on the coast of Essex, 9 m. S. Colchester. Mersey, r. Eng. which rises on the borders of Cheshire, Derbyshire, and Yorkshire, runs W. and falls into the Irish sea, at Liverpool. Merthyr Tydvil, t. Wales, in Glamorgan co. in the valley of the Taaf. It was formerly a small village, but is now the chief town of Wales, and the seat of most extensive iron works. Iron and coal abound in the neighborhood. The iron works are 4 in number, namely, the Cyfarthfa works ; the Dowlais works ; the Penydarran works ; and the Plymouth works. The Cyfarthfa works are by far the most extensive and grand, and employ 3,000 men. The quantity of iron manufactured at the four works above mentioned, in the year 1818, and exported from Caerdiff, was 44,583 tons. Pop. 22,000. 16 m. N. by W. Caerphilly, 21 N. by W. CaerdhT, 175 W. London. Lon. 3" 20' W. Lat. 51 44' N. Mertola, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, on the Guadi- ana, which is navigable from this town downwards. 24 m. S. S. E. Beja. Lon. 7 31' W. Lat. 37 36' N. Pop. 3,000. Merton, v. Eng. in Surry. Here Merton col- lege was first erected in 1274. 7 m. S. London. Pop. 905. Meru, t. France, in Oise, 10 m. S. Chaumont. Pop. 1,400. Meru Shah Jehan, a city of Korassan, in Persia, once the capital of many of the Persian sultans, now greatly declined. 130 m. N. E. Mesched. Pop. 3,000. Mervaut, t. France, in La Vendee, 6 m. N. Fon- tenay. Pop. 1,500. Merud, or .Amaravali, t. Hind, in Bejapore. Lon. 74 3' E. Lat. 18 15' N. Meruvais, r. N. W. Territory, which runs into Lake Superior. It interlocks with the St. Croix, a water of the Mississippi. 464 M E S Merville, t. France, dep. of the North, oil the Lys, 15 m. W. Lisle. Pop. 5,300. Men) sur Seine, t. France, in Aube, on the Seine, 15 m. N. W. Troyes. Pop. 1,200. Mesatongi, t. Eu. Turkey, in Livadia, 70 m. W. by S. Livadia. Mesched, a city of Korassan, cap. of the Persian part of that province. It carries on a considera- ble trade with Bokhara, Bulkh, Candahar, Yezd, and Herat Velvet of the finest quality is man- ufactured here ; and its fur pelisses are much esteemed. Lon. 67 E. Lat. 37 35' N. Pop. 50,000. Matched Ali, or JVe/i/ft t. I ral f Arabi, supposed to he the^burial place of the caliph Ali. The most f.r .i-picuous object is the tomb and mosque of Ali. 1 ie town is entirely supported by the influx of Persian Pilgrims and devotees, who regard it with a veneration little inferior to Mecca. 90 m. S. Bagdad. Meschedizar, port of Mazanderan, in Persia, on the coast of the Caspian, 10 m. W. Amul. Meschidubad, v. Natolia, in A. Turkey, 25 m. S. S. W. Amasieh. Meschie, or Mensheel, t. Upper Egypt, called an- ciently, Ptolemais, on the Nile, 5 m. N. Girge. It enjoys a considerable trade, as the barks between Cairo and the cataracts usually stop here for pro- visions. Mese, small isl. in the Eastern seas. Lon. 131 50' E. Lat. 6 55' N. Mesen, t. Eu. Russia, in Archangel, on the river Mesen. 138 m. E. N. E. Archangel, 30 from the mouth of the Mesen. Pop. 2,000. Mesen, r. Eu. Russia, which falls into the White sea. Meseritsch, Great, t. Moravia, 56m. W. Olmutz. Pop. 3,400. Meseritz, or Miendzyrsecz, t. Prussian Poland, 55 m. W. Posen. Pop. 3,600. Meskouteen Hammam. See Hammam Meskou- teen. Meslay, t. France, in Mayenne, 12 m. S. E. La- val. Pop. 1,200. Mesola, t. Ecclesiastical states, 30 m. E. N. E. Ferrara. Mesopotamia, p-t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 16 m. N. W. Warren. Pop. 273. Mesquilal,t. Mexico, 18m. N. E. Guadalaxara. Messa, t. Morocco, 165 m. S. W. Morocco. Messene, formerly a city of Greece, in the S. W. of the Peloponnesus. The modern village of Maurmati stands on the site of the ancient city. 25 m. N. E. Navarin, 33 W. N. W. Misitra. Messina, a large city in the N. E. of Sicily, on a strait called from it the Faro di Messina. The strait runs from N. to S. and the town of Messina runs parallel with it forming an oblong of more than 2 miles in length. Nothing can be more beautiful than the view of Messina from on board a vessel at the distance of a mile. The finest part of the city is the Marina, a long line of buildings facing the harbor, and running parallel with it for more than a mile. The town, since the great convulsion in 1783, has been re-built with regu- larity and elegance. The harbor is the finest in the Mediterranean ; it consists of a bay, which has the city along its W. shore, and on the E. a long tongue of land, the point of which turns in- ward, so as to form an inlet (a quarter of a mile across,) sufficiently wide for the ingress of fleets, and sufficiently narrow to protect the inclosed wa- ters from the agitation f the sea. The circum- MET ference of this harbor is from 4 to 5 miles : its depth in most places not less than 40 fathoms. It is defended by a strong citadel, situated on the projecting tongue of land. All the staple com- modities of the island are shipped here. In par- ticular, the Faro wine, of which not less than 10,000 pipes are said to be shipped annually. There are several extensive manufactories of silk in the city. Messina is remarkable for its misfortunes. Of these, the two most recent, as well as melancholy, were the plague of 1743, and the earthquake of 1783. Pop. 36,000. 50 m. N. N. E. Catania, 130 E. Pa- lermo. Lon. 15 48' E. Lat. 38 11' N. Mesines,t. Netherlands, in West Flanders, 8 m. S. E.Ypres. Pop. 3,200. Mestre, or Maestro, t. Austrian Italy, 14 m. N. E. Padua. Pop. 6,000. Mesuraca, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 25 m. N. E. Nicastro. Pop. 2,300. Mesurado, Cape, W. Africa, at the western ex- tremity of the Gold ,coast. It is the site selected by the American Colonization Society, for the set- tlement of a colony of free people of color from the United States. The river Mesurado is the largest river between the Rio Grande and the Congo. Its head waters are near those of the Gambia and the Niger, and it empties into the At- lantic after a course of about 300 miles. The Cape extends 3 miles into the sea, forming on its southern side a fine bay or road where vessels may lie in 10 fathoms water near the shore. The country is fertile, capable of producing rice, indi- go, coffee, cotton, sugar cane, and the tropical fruits. It is more elevated than the country to the northward, and the water is generally of a good quality. The tract belonging to the Society con- sists of about 40 miles square on the river, includ- ing the Cape, and several islands at the mouth. It was purchased in December, 1821, and the num- ber of the first colonists was about 80, who have since been joined by 50 more. There is an in- creasing disposition in the blacks of the U. States to emigrate, and funds only are wanting to enable the Society to send out many hundreds who have made application to join the colony. 250 miles S. E. Sierra Leone. Lat. 6 IS' N. Mesurala, s-p. Tripoli, in Africa, the route travelled by the caravans between Tripoli and Fezzan. Mesurier, Point le, cape on the N. W. coast of America. Lat. 56 46' N. Mesurier, Point le, cape on the N. E. coast of Kay's island, in the Pacific. Lon. 216 4' E. Lat. 60 3' N. Messes ovsk, t. Eu. Russia, 56 m. W. Kaluga. Pop. 1,600. Meta, r. Arkansas, which traverses the whole length of the Great Prairie, and empties into the N. side of Arkansas river, several miles above the post of Arkansas. Mela, large r. New Grenada, which rises in the mountain ridge opposite to Santa Fe de Bogota, and falls into the Orinoco, in Ion. 67 45' W. lat. 6 Iff 30" N. 30 leagues below the cataracts of Atures. It is navigable 370 miles. Metal, t. Franklin co. Pa. Pop. 1,294. Metawamkeag, r. Maine, which joins the Penob- scot on the E. 30 m. above the mouth of the Pasa- dunkeag. Mctcalfborough, p-t. Franklin co. Ten. Melelar, one of the Laccadive islands. Ln. 72* 25' E. Lat. 12 18' N. MEW MeteUn, t. Prussian States, 21 m. W. N. W. Munster. Pop. 1,200. Metelin. See Mytilene. Metepec, t. Mexico. Lon. 99 20' W. Lat. 19 20' N. 33 m. S. W. Mexico. Met/till, s-p. Scotland, in the frith of Forth, 1 m. W. Leven. Pop. 388. Metho, or Wad'ey, mountainous country of Cen- tral Africa, W. of Darfur. Methr-en, v. Scotland, in Perthshire, 6 m. W. Perth. Methuen, p-t. Essex co. Mass, on the N. side of the Merrimack, opposite Andover, with which it is connected by a bridge. On Spicket creek is a romantic fall of 30 feet, at which is a cotton facto- ry. 9 m. from Haverhill, 22 N. W. Salem. Pop. 1,371. Metre, v. France, in Indre-and-Loir, 6 m. N. W. Tours. Pop. 1.200. Metropolis t. Eu. Turkey, in the island of Can- dia, 22 m. S. Candia. Mettaga, t. Greece, in the Morea, 13m. N. by W. Tripolizza. Pop. 800. Mf.llijah, an extensive plain in the territory of Algiers, immediately behind the city. Mettingen, v. Bavaria, 4 m. S. E. Nordlingen. Mettsecoube, small isl. near the coast of Algiers, 6 m. N. Bonjeiah. Metuaks. See Mutuahs. Melway Harbour, bay on the S. coast of Nova Scotia. Lon. 64 30' W. Lat. 44 10' N. Metz, a large fortified town in the N.E. of France, cap. of Moselle, at the confluence of the Seille and Moselle. Asa military depot, it is accounted one of the principal in France, being surrounded by ramparts, and defended by a great number of bas- tions, and other works. The manufactures of Metz are cotton, linen, muslin, gauze, fustian, chintz, calico, different kinds of woollens, and leather. It is the see of a bishop. 96 m. W. N. W. Strasburg, 210 E. by N. Paris. Lon. 6 10' E. Lat. 49 TN. Pop. 41,000. Metzenseifin, t. in the N. E. of Hungary, 16 m. S. Kapsdorf. Meudon, t. France, 6 in, S. W. Paris. Pop. 2,200. Meulan, t. France, in Seine-and-Oise, on the Seine, 28 m. N. W. Paris. Pop. 2,100. Meulebeek, t. Netherlands, in West Flanders, 14 m. S. by E. Bruges. Pop. 7,000. Meun, t. France, inLoiret, on the Loire, 14m. W. S. W. Orleans. Pop. 4,300. Meun, small isl. of Denmark, in the Baltic. Lon. 13 15' E. Lat. 55 N. Meurs, principality of the Prussian states. Ex- tent, 126 square miles. Pop. 28,000. Meurs, the chief place, is 16 m. N. N. VV. Dusseldorf. Pop. 2,200. Meursaull, t. France, 4 m. S. W. Beaune. Meurlhe, a department in the N. E. of France, bounded by the departments of the Moselle, the Vosges, and the Meuse. Pop. in 1816, 365,500. Extent, 2,500 square miles. Nancy is the capital. Meurthe, r. France, which rises among the Vos- mtains, and falls into the Moselle, N. W. of Nancy. Meiue,orMacse, a department in the N. E. of France, bounded by the grand dutchy of Luxem- burg,and the departments of the Moselle, the Vos- ?e?, the Marne, and the Ardennes. Pop. 285,000. Extent, 2v500 square miles. Mew Islands, small islands on the coast of Hon- duras, b. of Cape Cameron. 59 HEX 465 Mewe, or Gniew, t. W. Prussia, on the Vis- tula. Lon. 18 40' 17" E. Lat. 53 50' 13" N. Pop. 2,100. Meicstonc, rock in the Pacific, 5 leagues S. E. Van Dieman's Land. Lon. 146 24' E. Lat. 43 46' S. Mexicaltzinco, t. Mexico, 6 m. S. E. Mexico. Mexicana. See Mermenlau. Mexico, or New Spain, country or viceroyalty, N. America, bounded N. and N. E. by the United States ; E. by the gulf of Mexico ; S. E. by Guata- mala ; S. and VV. by the Pacific ocean. It extends from 86 56' to 124 30' W. Ion. andfrom 16 to 42 N. lat. Much of the northern part is inhabited by savage Indians. The remainder is divided into 15 provinces or intendancies, containing 957,541 square miles, and in 1820, about 8,500,000 inhab- itants, one third of whom are civilized Indians. This population is settled principally in the south- ern provinces, below the parallel of 25 N. lat. The northern provinces contain more than two- thirds of the territory, but only about one-tenth of the population. The land on both the coasts is low, but rises gradually as you approach the interior, till it has attained the height of 6 or 8,000 feet above the level of the sea ; it then spreads out into broad plains, which are called table lands, presenting the strange spectacle, of a level country on the top of a lofty range of mountains. These plains or table lands extend along the range from lat. 18 to lat.40 N. a distance of 1,700 miles. A range of mountains passes through the whole length of this country from S. E. to N. W. called the Cordilleras of Mexico. It is a part of the great chain which runs through the American con- tinent, from Cape Horn to the Frozen ocean. Its top, as we have already mentioned, consists of ex- tensi\;e plains or table land. From these elevated plains single mountains occasionally shoot up, whose summits are covered with everlasting snow. Several peaks near the city of Mexico are more than 15,000 feet high, and the loftiest are volca- noes. In the low plains, on both coasts, the heat is very oppressive, and the climate unhealthy to Europe- ans ; but when you advance into the interior, and begin to ascend the mountains, it becomes more temperate, and at the elevation of 4 or 5,000 feet there reigns perpetually a soft spring temperature, which is very healthy. As you advance still high- er, the climate becomes cooler, and at length, on the tops of some of the loftiest mountains, you come to the region of perpetual snow. Thus, in the course of two or three days, the traveller may enjoy all the variety of summer, spring, and win- ter. The productions of this country are as various as its climate. In the Bourse of a few hundred miles, you may meet with almost all the fruits of the temperate and torrid zones. The soil of the table land is remarkably productive. Maize is far the most important object of agriculture, and in some places, from two to three harvests may, be taken annually. Wheat, rye, and barley are ex- tensively cultivated. The religion is Roman Catholic. There is one archbishop and eight bishops, whose united reve- nues amount to 112,000/. and the number of infe- rior clergy is about 10,000. The country is gov- erned by a viceroy, and each province is commit- ted to an intendant. 466 M E X The commerce of New Spain is carried on al- most entirely through the port of Vera Cruz. In time of peace, Humboldt estimates the annual value of exports from that place, at 21 million dol- lars, and the imports at 14,600,000. The exports are gold and silver in coin, bullion and plate to the value of 17 million dollars ; cochineal, 2,400,000; sugar, 1,300,000, &c. The imports are bale goods, including woollens, cottons, linens and silks to the value of $9,200,000 ; paper, 1 million ; bran- dy, 1 million ; cacao, 1 million ; quicksilver, 650,000. The works of the mines are said to have been much injured during the disturbances arising out of the attempted revolution in 1810, and their produce to have been seriously affected. JJffar/fo,city,cap. of the countryof the same name, and the most "populous city of the New World, is in lat. 19 26' \. Ion. 99 5' W. It is situated mid- way between the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific ocean, near Lake Tezcuco, in a delightful valley, which is 230 miles in circumference, and elevated more than 7,000 feet above the level of the ocean. It is regularly built, in the form of a square, of four miles on each side. The streets are broad, clean, generally paved and well lighted, and inter- sect each other at right angles. The public buildings are magnificent, and some of them of the most beautiful architecture. The convent of St. Francis has a revenue, from alms alone, of 20,000/. The hospital has a revenue of 10,000/. and sup- ports 1,400 children and old people. The mint employs about 400 workmen, and is the most ex- tensive establishment of the kind in the world. The principal manufacture is the working of gold and silver in all its branches. Large pieces of wrought plate, vases and church ornaments, are annually executed to a great amount. The city contains upwards of 100 churches and 137,000 in- habitants, of whom one half are whites, and the rest Indians, mulattoes, and mestizoes. This beautiful city is supplied with water by two aqueducts, and its vegetables are raised on the elegant floating gardens of the lake of Tezcu- uo. There are three other small lakes in the val- ley of Mexico besides Tezcuco. The waters in these lakes used formerly to rise above their banks and inundate the city and the valley. In 1629 there was a great inundation, which lasted for five years ; and during the whole of that time the streets of Mexico could be passed only in boats. To prevent the recurrence of this evil various means were employed without effect. At first, a huge dike or mound of stones and clay was erected, 70 miles long, and 65 feet broad ; but the waters burst through it and tore it away. A subterranean passage was then dug through the mountains which surround the valley, to let off the waters ; but the earlh caved in and filled up the passage. At length a drain, 12 miles long, 300 feet broad, and in some places 200 feet deep, has been cut through a gap in the mountains, and this seems to answer the purpose. The whole expense laid out on these great works form the year 1607 to 1689, is calculated at 1,29 1, 770*. Mexico is the centre of commerce between Spain and America on the one hand, and America and the East Indies on the other. It communicates with Europe through the port of Vera Cruz, on the Gulf of Mexico, and with the East Indies through Acapulco, on the Pacific. Mexico, an intendancy of New Spain, extending from 16 3tf to 22 N. lat. and bounded N. by San M I A Luis Potosi, W. by Guanaxuato and Valladolid ; E. by Vera Cruz and Puebla, and S. by the Pa- cific ocean. Extent, 45,401 sq. miles. Pop in 1803, 1,511,800. The city of Mexico is the cap- ital. Mexico, Gulf of, a large bay or gulf of the Atlantic, extending from the coast of Florida to Yucatan, about 600 miles, and from Cuba to the coast of Mexico, about 700. Mexico, t Oxford co. Maine Pop. 148. Mexico, p-t. Oswego co. N. Y. on Mexico bay. in Lake Ontario, 13m. E. Oswego. Lat. 43 31' N. Pop. 1,590. Mexico, p-t. Mifflin co. Pa. Mexillones, isl. on the coast of Chili. Lat. 29" 20' S. Meximieux, t. France, in Ain, 17 m. N. E Lyom Pop 1,700. Mtxlitlan, t. Mexico, 95 m. E. N. E. Mexico. Lon.982-W. Lat. 20 37' N. Meyerirtgen, t. Switz. 37 m. S. E. Berne. Meyninc, t. France, in Correze, 9 m. W. Uzzel. Pop. 3,000. Meyragues, t. France, in Mouths- of-the- Rhone, 9 m. E. Aix. Pop 1,200. Meywar, district, Hind, in Ajnieer, between 25 and 88 N. lat. Meywat, district, Hind, in Delhi, between 27 and 29 N. lat. Mese, t. France, in Herault, 18 m. S. W. Mont- pelier. Pop. 2,500. Mtzemna, s-p. Fez, in Africa, on the coast of the Mediterranean, 80 m. E. Tetuan. Mesieres, t. France, cap. of Ardennes, on the Meuse. It is well fortified. Here are an artillery school, and a large manufactory of arms. 14 m. S. E. Rocroy, 160 N. E. Paris. Mezieres, t. France, in Upper Vienne, 6 m. W. Bellac. Pop. 1.300. Mezieres, v. France, in Seine-and-Oise, on the Seine. Pop. 1,300. Mesieres en Brenne, t, France, in Indre, 16 m. N. E. Le Blanc. Pop. 1,400. Mezin, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne, on the Lauzonne, 6 m. S. S W. Nerac. Pop. 2,500. Mezinsen, t. Wirtemberg, 17 m. S. by E. Stut- gard. Pop. 3, 100. Meso-Tur,t. Hungary, 58m. S. W. Debreczin. Pop. 4,000. Mczzerab, small isl. near the head of the Red sea. Lat. 27 43' N. Meszovo, t. Eu. Turkey, in Albania, 22 m. N. by E. Joannina. Pop. 7",500. See Pindus. Mglin, t. Eu. Russia, in Czernigov, 72 m. N. N. W. Novgorod-Sieverskoi. Lon. 3234'E. Lat. 53 12' N. Pop. 5,100. Mihauatlan, t. Mexico, 108 leagues S. E. Mexi- co. Lon. 275 15' W. Lat. 18 35' N. Miami, r. Ohio, which, after a course of 100 miles, enters the Ohio near the S. W. corner of the state. It is navigable 75 miles. There is a port- age of only 5 miles between its head waters and the Auglaize, a river of Lake Eric. Miami, Little, r. Ohio, which joins Ohio river, 7 miles above Cincinnati. In Greene county there are remarkable falls in the river. It is one of the best mill streams in the state. Miami of the Lake. See Maumee. Miami, co. Ohio, on the river Miami. Sq. miles 410. Pop. 8,851. Engaged in agriculture, 1,904, in commerce 19, in manufactures 325. Chief town, Troy. M I C fianu, t. Champaign co. Ohio. fiami, t. Clermont co. Ohio. Pop. 1,607. Miami, t. Green co. Ohio. Pop. 550. Miami, p-t. Hamilton co. Ohio, on the W. bank of the Miami, 16 m. N. W. Cincinnati. Pop. 1,426. Miami, t. Logan co. Ohio. Pop. 359. Miami, t. Cooper co. Missouri. Miamisburg, p-t. Montgomery co. Ohio, 12 m. S.Dayton, 80 S. W. Columbus. Miana, v. Aderbijan, in Persia, 60m. S. E. Tab- reez. Miano,v. Naples, near the capital. Pop. 2,600. Miasse, r A. Russia, which rises in the Oural mountains, and falls into the Icette. Miatau. group of islands, China, in the Yellow Sea, separated by a strait from the continent. Minra. t. Hungary, 45 m. N. N. E. Presburg, 63 N.E. Vienna. Pop. 10,000. Michaelovka, t. Eu. Russia, in Kursk, 62 m. W. N. W. Kursk. Pop. 6,000. Michaels, t. and cap. Madison co. Missouri, 30 m. S. W. St. Genevieve. Michailow, t. Eu. Russia, 24 m. S. S. W. Riazan. Lon. 39 I' E. Lat. 54 5' N. Pop. 1,600. Michel Dean, or Great Dean, t. Eng. in Glou- cester, the principal town in Dean Forest, 12 m. W. Gloucester, 1 16 W. London. Lon. 2 29' W. Lat. 51 51' N. Pop. 535. Michelstadt, or Michlenstadt, t. Germany, in Hesse-Darmstadt, 23 m. N. E. Heidelberg. Pop. 1,150. Michelstown, orMilchelslown, t. Ireland, in Cork, 26 m. S. S. E. Limerick, 23 N. E. Cork. Michigan, Lake, a great lake lying wholly with- in the U States, 260 miles long, 55 broad, and 800 in circumference, containing, according to Hutchins, 10,368,000 acres, or 16,200 sq. miles. On the N. E. it communicates with Lake Huron, through the straits of Michillimackinac, and on the N. W. it branches out into two bays, one cal- led Noquet's and the other Green bay. The lake is navigable for ships of any burden. It has fish of various kinds, particularly trout, of a large size and excellent quality, and sturgeon are found in its bays and rivers. Lon. 84 30' to 87 W. Lat. 41 35' to 45 50' N. Michigan Territory, a territory of the U. States, bounded N. by Lake Superior, E. by Lakes Hu- ron, St Clair and Erie, S. by Ohio and Indiana, and W. by the Northwest Territory. On the N. and E. its boundary is the same with that of the United States ; on the S. it is the same with the northern boundaries of Ohio and Indiana ; on the W. the line begins at the southern extremity of Lake Michigan, and runs due N. to Lake Superior. The territory extends from 41 31' 38" to 46 39' N. lat. and from 82 to about 86 W. Ion. It is 350 miles long from N. to S. and 212 broad on the southern boundary, containing about 40,000square miles. The territory is divided by Lake Michigan into two parts. The eastern and much the largest di- vision is a peninsula, bounded on three sides by Lakes Michigan, Huron, St. Clair and Erie, and on the S. side by the states of Ohio and Indiana. The western division is also a peninsula, inclosed between Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, and the western boundary of the territory. The part of Michigan to which the Indian title has been extin- ished, is a tract in the S. E. along the banks of Erie, Lake St, Clair. and Lake Huron, ex- M I C 467 tending as far north as Thunder bay river, and back to the westward about 80 miles ; besides some small tracts at the head of Green bay, at the straits of St. Mary, and around Michillimackinac. In 1822, including the N. W. Territory, there were seven counties, viz. Wayne, Monroe, Macomb, and Oakland, in the S.E. Michillimackinac, in the N. Brown, on the W. side of Lake Michigan, and Crawford, on the Mississippi. The country along the eastern shore of Lake Michigan, and extending into the interior as far as the dividing ridge, consists of sand hills, sometimes crowned with a few stinted trees, and a scanty vegetation, but generally bare, and thrown by the wind into a thousand fantastic shapes. The whole of this tract has been gained from the lake, and the land is still continually encroaching upon the water, every storm throwing up new quantities of alluvion. The eastern part of the territory, con- sisting of lands ceded by the Indians, has never till recently been brought into notice. It is now ascertained to be a fertile region, well fitted for wheat and fruits of all kinds, generally level, and watered by fine rivers, mest of which present fa- cilities for the transportation of produce from the interior. Since the lands were offered for sale by the U. S. government in 1818, emigrants have flocked hither in great numbers, and perhaps in no country north of the cotton and sugar climate, could the farmer find a better field for enterprise, or a surer prospect of reward. The lands on Sa- ganaw river and bay, which were ceded by the Indians in 1819, are represented to be of an excel- lent quality and beautifully situated. The white settlements at present are chiefly in the S. E. on Lake Erie, the river Detroit, Lake St. Clair, and the rivers which fall into them, particularly the Maumee, Raisin, and Huron. The climate is healthy, and much milder than in the Atlantic states in the same latitude. In the eastern part it resembles that of the western coun- ties of New- York and Pennsylvania ; towards the southern boundary it is much milder ; but upon the coast of Lake Huron, and even that of St. Clair, it is more severe. No state in the Union is so bountifully supplied with fish, aquatic fowls, and wild game. The trout of Michillimackmac- have a superior relish ; they weigh from 10 to 70 pounds, and are taken at all seasons. White fish are caught in prodigious numbers in the rivers De- troit, and St. Mary's, and in Lake St. Clair. Stur- geon are common to Lakes Erie, St. Clair, Huron, and Michigan. The beaver frequent the rivers running into Lake Michigan ; bears, wolves, elk, deer and foxes are also found in the forests. The territory is finely situated for commerce, being almost surrounded by navigable waters, which will soon be connected by canals with the Hudson on the one hand, and the Mississippi on the other. The vessels. which navigate the lakes are generally from 10 to 60 tons burden. The amount of shipping in 1819, owned in Michigan, was about 600 tons. The merchants supply them- selves with European goods mostly from the city of New York. The goods are transported by land to Buffalo, and thence by water to Detroit ; but the revenue is defrauded to a considerable amount by smuggling carried on from the neigh- boring province of Upper Canada. Detroit and Michillimackinac are ports of entry. Pop. 8,896. Engaged in agriculture 1,468, in commerce 392, in manufactures 196. 468 M I D M I D MichiUitnackinac, co. Michigan ter. Pop. 819. Engaged in agriculture 34, in commerce 244, in manufactures 11. Chief town, Michillimackinac. MichUlimackinac, commonly called ''Mackinaw^ isl. Michigan Territory, in the straits which con- nect Lake Michigan with Lake Huron, 184 m. N. E. Fort Howard, 313 N. Detroit. Lon. 84 KX W. Lat. 45" 54' N. It is about 9 miles in circum- ference. The village of 'Mackinaw is on the S. E. side of the island, on a small cove, which is sur- rounded with a steep cliff, 150 feet high ; it is built on two streets, parallel with the lake, intersected by others at right angles, and contains a court- house and jail, and about 100 houses. On the top ot the cliff stands the fort. Behind the fort, at the distance of half a mile, is another summit, 150 feet higher, and 300 feet above the level of the lake, on which Fort Holmes is erected : from this spot there is an extensive prospect both into Lake Huron and Lake Michigan. The figure of theisland suggested to the Indians the appropriate name of Michi- Mackinaw, or Great Turtle. It exhibits a beautiful appearance, seen from the lake. During the summer, 'Makinaw is the resort of many fur traders, and of many thousand Indians, from the regions N. W. and S. W. MichUlimackinac, Straits of, the channel which connects Lake Michigan with Lake Huron. It is about 40 miles long from the Channeaux on the E. to Point Wagousinche on the VV. and at the nar- rowest part 4 miles wide. Michipipicoton, r. Up. Canada, which falls into Lake Superior, on the N. E. side of the lake. Lat. 47 56' N. Michiscoui. See Missisque. Mickcry, small isl. Scotland, in the frith of Forth, 8 m. N. W. Leith. Lon. 3 17' VV. Lat. 56 ^ N. Micoya Bay, bay on the S. W coast of Mexico. Lat. 1015'N. Middelfahrt, t. Denmark, in the island of Funen, on the Little Belt, 24 m. W. by N. Odensee. Lon. 9 39' E. Lat. 55 32' N. Pop. 1,000. Middtlhurnis, v. Netherlands, in South Holland, 18 m. S. W. Rotterdam. Pop 2,200. Middlebank, a fishing ground in the Atlantic ocean, which lies from N. E. to S. W. between St. Peter's Bank and that of Sable island ; between Ion. 57 37' and 59 32' W. and between lat. 44 32' and 45 34' N. Middle, Cape, the W. point of Staten Laud, in the straits of Le Maire. Middle Island, isl. off the S. coast of New Hol- land. Lou. 123 10' E. Lat. 34 7' S. Middle Island, small isl. in the Eastern seas, in the strait between the islands Billiton and Banca. It divides this strait into two ; the W. passage is commonly called Caspar's strait, and the E. pas- sage Clement's strait. Middle island, or Thwart the Way, small isl. in the straits of Sunda, opposite to Hog's point, in Sumatra. Lon. 105 43' E. Lat, 5 55' S. Middle Island, small isl. near the S. coast of Celebes. Lon. 120 52' E. Lat. 5 40' S. Middle Island, small isl. in the Eastern seas. Lon. 122 51' E. Lat. 5 38' S. Middle Mark, one of the five marks or provinces into which Brandenburg was divided until the new arrangement in 1815. It lies between the Elbe and the Oder, and contains Berlin, the cap- ital of the Prussian states. Extent, 4,800 sq. miles Pop. about 500,000. It now forms part of the province of Brandenburg, and of the govern- ments of Potsdam and Berlin. Middle Pointy cape on the E. coast of Labrador. Lon. 63 W. Lat. 59 N. Middhborough, p-t. Plymouth co. Mass. 16 m. W. Plymouth, 40 S. by E. Boston. Pop. 4,687. Here are ponds which produce great quantities of iron ore, and extensive iron works are erected. Middleboro' 4 corners, p-v. Plymouth co. Mass. Middleborough, p-t. Wayne co. Pa. Middlebrook, p-v. Augusta co. Va. Middlebrook mills, p-v. Montgomery co. Md. Middleburg, t. Netherlands, cap. of Zealand, in the small island of Walcheren. Though no longer fortified, it preserves its circular mound of earth, divided into bastions, and surrounded by a broad and deep ditch. It formerly had a considerable share of the Dutch East India trade. Its other branches are the import of wine, chiefly from Bourdeaux, and the export of corn, brought to its market from the ferjtile tracts to the eastward of the island. 46 m. S. W. Rotterdam, 85 S. W. Amsterdam. Lon. 3 37' E. Lat. 51 30' N. Pop. 15,000. Middleburg. See Eooa, Middleburg, isl. off the N. W. extremity of Ceylon, and attached to Jafnapatam. Middleburg, p-t. Schoharie co. N. Y. 10 m. S. Schoharie, 35 W. Albany. Pop. 3,782. Middlebvrg, p-v. Union co. Pa. Middleburg, p-v. Frederick co. Md. Middleburg, p-v. Loudon co. Va. Middleburg, p-v. Nelson co. Ken. Middleburg, t. Cuyahoga co. Ohio. Pop. 157. Middlebury, p-t. and cap. Addison co. Vt. 33 m. N. N. W. Rutland, 35 S. S. E. Burlington. It is pleasantly situated on Otter creek, at the falls, 20 miles from the mouth of the river, and 13 above Vergennes. At the falls there are 2 cotton manu- factories, a nail manufactory, several grist mills and saw mills, arid a manufactory for sawing mar- ble. An extensive quarry of fine marble was dis- covered in 1804, on the bank of the creek, near the centre of the village. It is now wrought into tombstone?, mautle-pieCes, sideboards, &c. and transported to various parts of the country to the amount of 7 or 8,000 dollars annually. The town contains a court-house, jail, academy, 2 printing, offices, 2 heuses of public worship, 1 for Congre- gationalists and 1 for Methodists, and the college buildings, one of which is an elegant edifice of stone, 4 stories high, and containing 48 rooms for students. Pop. 2,535. Middlebury college was incorporated in 1800, and has been supported entirely by private bounty. It has a president, 4 professors, and 2 tutors, a library of more than 1,200 volumes, a valuable philosophical apparatus. The medical school at Castleton is connected with the college. Number of students in 1822, 172, including 85 medical stu- dents. Middlebury, p-t. New-Haven co. Ct. 22 m. N.W. New- Haven, 36 S. W. Hartford. Pop. 838. Middlebury, p-t. Genesee co. N. Y. Pop. 1,782. Middlejield, p-t. Hampshire co. Mass. 24 m. W. Northampton. Pop. 755. Middlejield, t. Otsego co. N. Y. 3 m. E. Coopers- town, 35 S. E. Utica, 63 W. Albany. Pop. 2,579. Middle GrantiUe, p-v. Hampshire co. Mass. Middle Haddam, p-v. Middlesex co. Ct. Middlelium, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 36 m. N. W. York, 232 N. by VV. London. Middlesex, county of Eng. which comprises the cities of London and Westminster, and though one of the smallest in extent, is by far the greatest in M 1 D the kingdom, in point of wealth, population and importance. It is bounded S. by Surry and Kent, N. by Hertfordshire, W. by Buckinghamshire, and E. by Essex. It contains about 300 sq. miles, or 192,000 acres. Pop. in 1811, 985,100; families 220,010, of whom 9,088 were engaged in agricul- ture, 135,398 in trade and manufactures, and 75,524 otherwise. Middlesex, co. in London district, Up. Canada, on lake Erie. Middlesex, p-t. Washington co. Vt. on Onion river, 5 m. N. W. Montpelier. Pop. 726. Middlesex, *co. Mass, bounded N. by New Hamp- shire, E. by Essex co. and the Atlantic, S. by Nor- folk co. and W. by Worcester co. Pop. 61,472. Engaged in agriculture 9,004, in commerce 626, in manufactures 4,852. Chief town, Cambridge. Middlesex canal, Mass, is wholly within the county of Middlesex. It connects Boston harbor with Merrimack river. It is. supplied with water by Concord river, which it crosses on its surface. From that river southward it descends 107 feet, by 13 locks, to the tide water of Boston harbor ; and from that river northward, it de- scends 21 feet, by 3 locks, to the level of Merri- mack river. The locks are all 90 feet by 12. The canal is 31 miles long, 24 feet wide, and 4 feet deep. It was commenced in 1793, and completed in 1804, at an expense of more than $700,000, and is the greatest work of the kind, except the New- York canals, in the U. States. By this canal and Merrimack river, an easy communication is opened between Boston and the interior of New Hamp- shire. Middlesex, co. Ct. on both sides of Connecticut river, bounded N. by Hartford co. E. by New London co. S. by Long Island Sound, and W, by New Haven co. Pop. 22,405. Engaged in agri- culture 3,457, in commerce 424, in manufactures 1,582. Chief town, Middletown. Middlesex, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y. on Canandai- gualake, 12 m. S. Canandaigua, 17 S. W. Geneva, 209 fr. Albany. Pop, 2,718. Middlesex, co. N. J. bounded N. by Essex co. E. by Raritan bay and Staten island, S. by Mon- mouth co. W. by Burlington and Somerset coun- ties. Pop. 21,470. Engaged in agriculture 2,049, in commerce 137, in manufactures 890. Chief town, New Brunswick. Middlesex, t. Butler co. Pa. Pop. 1,010. Middlesex, co. Va. on Chesapeake bay, bound- ed N. by the Rappahannock. Pop. 4,057. Slaves 2,166. Engaged in agriculture 1,037, in com- merce 7, in manufactures 2. Chief town, Urban- na. Middle States, the part of the U. S. between the Hudson and Potomac rivers : viz. the states of New- York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland. Middlelon, t. Eng. in Lancashire. The cotton manufacture is carried on here in all its processes ; and the printing and bleaching works are on a large scale. Pop. 4,422. 7 m. N. Manchester, 193 N. W. London. Lon. 2 VZ W. Lat. 53 34' N. Middlelon, t. Eng. in Derby shire, 1 m. fr. Wirks- worth. Pop. 882. Middlelon, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 5 m. N. N. W. Wakefield. Pop. 906. Middlelon in Teesdale, t. Eng. in Durham, 9 m. N. W. Barnard Castle. Pop. 988. Middleton, t. Ireland, on the N. W. angle of Cork harbor, 12 m. W. Youghal, 13 E. Cork. M I D 460 Middleton, t. Norfolk co. Up. Canada. Middleton, p-t. Strafford co. N. H. 28 m. N.E, Concord. Pop. 482. Middleton, t. Essex co. Mass. 9 m. N. W. Salem, Pop 596. Middleton, t. Delaware co. N. Y. 40 m. W. C kill. Pop. 231. Middleton, t. Cumberland co. Pa. Pop. 3,0 14. Middleton, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. 20 m. W. Zanesville. Pop. 1,168. Middleton, Sir Charles, Island, one of the Fejee islands, in the Pacific. Lon. 181 W. Lat. 17 2' S. Middleloun, v. Scotland, 12 m. S. Edinburgh. Middletown, p-t. Rutland co. Vt. 52 m. N. Jen- nington. Pop. 1,039. Middletown, t. Newport co. R. I. on the island of Rhode Island, 2 m. N. E. Newport, 28 S. E. Providence. Pop. 949. Middletown, city, port of entry, and cap. of Middlesex co. Ct. is pleasantly situated on the W. bank of Connecticut river, 31 rn. from its mouzh, 15 S. Hartford, 25 N. E. New Haven, 35 N. W. New London. Pop. 2,618; and including the township, 6,479. It contains a courthouse ; jail ; almshouse ; 2 banks, one of which is a branch of the U. S. bank ; 2 insurance companies ; 3 print- ing-offices ; and 10 houses of public worship, 4 for Congregationalists, 3 for Baptists, 1 for Epis- copalians, 1 for Methodists, and 1 for strict Con- gregationalists. There are several important manufactories in this town, most of them recently established. Among them are a sword factory, where about 5,000 swords are annually manufac- tured ; a pistol factory, which employs 60 or 70 men, who make 8 or Io,000 pistols annually ; a rifle factory, which employs from 25 to 30 hands, and produces 1,000 or 1,200 rifles in a year; an ivory comb factory, a pewter factory, and a fac- tory of block-tin buttons. These have all been established since 1813, and most of the swords, pistols, and rifles have been sold to the govern- ment of the U. S. The other- establishments are 2 woollen factories, 2 cotton factories, a paper mill, powder mill, and distillery. A lead mine was opened about the year 1770, -on the Connecti- cut, 2 miles S. E. of the city, and a considerable quantity of metal was taken from it, but it was at last found unprofitable, and was abandoned. Middletmvn Upperhouses, p-v. Middlesex co. Ct. Middletown, p-t. Delaware co. N. Y. 15 m. S. E. Delhi, 45 fr. Kingston, 73 S. W. Albany. Pop. 1,949. It has 2 churches, 1 for Presbyterians, and 1 for Methodists. Middletown, p-v. Orange co. N. Y. Middletown, v. in Brookhaven, N. Y. Middlelown, -p-t. Monmouth co. N. J. on Rari- tan bay, at the mouth of a small creek, which di- vides the town from Shrewsbury, 50m. E. Tren- ton, 30 S. W. New York. Pop. 4,369. It contains an academy, and 2 churches. In this town are Sandy Hook, the highlands of Navesink, and the village of Middletown point. Middletown, p-t. Dauphin co. Pa. on Swetara creek, which falls into the Susquehannah 2 m. below; 6m. S. Hummelston. It contains a church, and above 100 houses, and has considerable trade in wheat. Pop. 567. Middlelown, v. Washington co. Pa. 30 m. W. Washington, 5 E. of of the Virginia line. It con- tains 40 or 50 houses. Coal is found in its neigh- borhood. Middletown, t. Bucks co. Pa. Pop. 1,891. Middletown, t. Delaware co. Pa. Pop. 994. 470 M I F M I L Middldown, t. Susquehanuah co. Pa. Pop. 547. Hiddletown, p-t. New Castle co. Del. on Apo- quinimink creek, 21 m. S. W. Wilmington. Middletown, p-t Frederick co. Md. 8 m. N. W. Fredericktown. Middletown, t. Dorchester co. Md. 8$ m. N. W. Cambridge,? W. Vienna. Middletou-n, p-t. Frederick co Va. Middittown, p-t. Sullivan co. Ten. Middletown, p-t. Jefferson co. Ken. 12 m. E. Louisville. Pop. 241. Here is an academy. Middletown, p-t. Butler co. Ohio, on the Miami, 6 m. fr. Franklin, 14 above Hamilton. Pop. 314. Middletown, t. Hamilton co. Ohio- Middletoirn. See Somerset. Middktou-n point, p-v. in Middletown, N. J. on a small creek which runs into Raritan bay, 14 m. N. W. Shrewsbury. It carries on some trade with New York. Middle way, p-v. Jefferson co. Va. Middlewich, t. Eng. in Chester co. situated at the confluence of the Dane and Crake, 18 m. E. Chester, 167 N. VV. London. Lon. 2 27' W. Lat. 53 16'N. Pop 1,132. Midgeley, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 5 m. W. by N. Halifax. Pop. 2,107. Midhurst, t. Eng. in Sussex. It is a borough, and sends 2 members to parliament. 11 m. N. Chester, 50 S. W. London. Lon. 45' W. Lat. 4959'N. Pop. 1,256. Midia,t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, on the Black sea, 42 m. N. W. Constantinople. Midland, district, Upper Canada, extends from lake Ontario, between the head of the bay of Quinte and the mouth of Ganonoque river, back to the river Ottawa. Midnapore, district, Bengal, formerly a portion of the province of Orissa. It contains upwards of 6,000 square miles, and a million and a half of in- habitants. It was ceded to the East India company in 1761. Midnapore, the capital, is the station of the judge, collector, &c. Multitudes of pilgrims pass through it, on their way to the temple of Jug- gernaut. The Baptists have a missionary here. 70 m. VV. by S. Calcutta. Lon. 87 25' E. Lat. 22 25' N. Midnoi. See Mednoi. Midway, settlement, Liberty co. Geo. 30 m. S. Savannah, 9 W. Sunbury. Its first settlers were from Dorchester, Mass. Here is a handsome con- gregational church. Midwolden,v. Netherlands, 7 m. W. by S. Gro- ningen. Pop. 1,200. Mitchow, t. Poland, 22 m. N. N. E. Cracow. Lon. 39 26' E. Lat. 52 50' N. Pop. 1 ,000. Miedniki, t. Eu. Russia, in Wilua, 49 m. E. by S. Memel. Pop. 1,000. Miedsyrzycs, t. Eu. Russia, in Volhynia, 2 m. S. Ostrog. Pop. 2,000. Mielan, t. France, in Gers, 8 m. S. S. W. Miran- de. Pop. 1,300. Mierloo, v. Netherlands, in North Brabant, 4 m. S. Helmont. Pop. 1,600. Mies, or Silberstadt, t. Bohemia, 64 m. VV.S.W. Prague. Pop. 2,400. Mifflin, co. Pa. inclosed by the counties of Cen- tre, Union, Dauphin, Cumberland, and Hunting- don. Pop. 16,618. Engaged in agriculture 2,606, in commerce 24, in manufactures 636. Chief town, Lewistown. Mifflin, t. Alleghany co. Pa. Pop. 2,221. Mifflin, t. Cumberland co. Pa. Pop. 1,461. Mifflin, t. Dauphin co. Pa. Pop. 1,195. M\fflin, t. Columbia co. Pa. Pop. 1,492. A copper mine has been discovered here. Mifflin, t. Lycoming co. Pa. Pop. 1,038. M(fflin, t. Richland co. Ohio. Pop. 467. Mifflin, t. Franklin co. Ohio, 5 m. E. Columbus. Pop. 241. Mifflin,i. Pikeco. Ohio, 10m. W. Piketon. Pop. 669/ M(fflinburg, p-v. Union co. Pa. on the Susque- hannah, 35 m. E. S. E. Northumberland. Pop. 620. Mifflin, Fort, Pa. 10 m. below Philadelphia, on an island in the Delaware, mounting about 80 guns. Mifflintown, p-t. Mifflin co. Pa. on the Juniatta, 40 m. N. W. Harrisburg. Migne, t. France, in Vienne, 3 m. N. Poitiers. Pop. 1,500. Migron, t. France, in Lower Charente, 10 m. N. E. Saintes. Pop. 1,400. Mihid, t. France, on the Maese, 33 m. N. W. Nancy. Pop. 5,600. M/jarisima, one of the small Japanese islands. Lon. 139 45' E. Lat. 34 10' N. Mijaska. See Miasee. Mikalidi, or Maarlich, t. Anatolia, in A. Tur- key, on a river, the ancient Chyndus, which falls into the sea of Marmora, 35 m. W. Bursa. Miken, fort, A. Russia, in Caucasus, 40 m. E. Ekaterinograd. Milan, formerly a dutchy in the north of Italy, between the Alps on the north, and the Appen- nines on the S. having Piedmont on the W. and the Venetian territory on the E. A portion of it belongs to the kingdom of Sardinia ; the remain- der now forms, along with the dutchy of Mantua, and the Valteline, the government of Milan, and most western of the two great divisions of Austrian Italy. The government contains 8,030 square miles, and 2,082,000 inhabitants. It is divided into eight delegations, viz. those of Milan, Pa via, Lodi, Como, Sondrio, Bergamo, Brescia and Man- tua. Of these, the delegation of Milan contain? 670 square miles, and 427,000 inhabitants. The Sardinian Milanese contains about 3,300 square miles, and 556,000 inhabitants. Milan, or Miluno, a large and fine city, the cap- ital of the Lombardo- Venetian kingdom or Aus- trian Italy. It is on the river Olona, in a beauti- ful plain, between the Ticino and the Adda. The streets are, in general, narrow and winding, and the private houses have no great pretensions to el- egance, but the public edifices display all the rich- ness and magnificence of Italian architecture. Th<> cathedral is the grandest and most imposing spe- cimen of Gothic architecture extant, and, after St. Peter's of Rome, and St. Paul's of London, the fin- est church in Europe. It was begun in the 16th century, but on so large a scale, that it still re- mains unfinished. It is built of white marble, and is remarkable for the extreme lightness of its con- struction. It is 490 feet long, 298 broad, and 260 high. The hospitals and charitable institutions of Milan are numerous. The great hospital is an immense edifice, capable of containing 1,200 pa- tients. The great foundling hospital receive* about 4,000 children. Of the literary and scien- tific institution!, the first is the Ambrosian col- lege. Its valuable library contains 60,000 vol- umes and about 15,000 manuscripts, together with a fine gallery of paintings, statues, antiques, med- als, and curiosities. The university of Milan was M I L M I L 471 constituted by the empress Maria Theresa m 1766. The trade of Milan is not extensive. The exports consist of rich silk stuffs, ribbons, printed cottons, leather, and paper. The porcelain made at Mi- lan may vie with almost any in Europe. The city was taken on the 15th May 1796, by the French under Bonaparte. In 1799, the French were driven from it by the Austrians and Rus- sians under Suwarrow. After the unfortunate battle of Mareugo, (June 1800,) Milan again fell into the hands of the French. It is now the resi- dence of an Austrian viceroy, and the see of an archbishop. 75 m. E. N. E. Turin, 145 N. W. Florence, 280 N. W. by N. Rome. Lon. 9 11' E. Lat. 45" 28' N. Pop. in 1805, estimated at 120,000 ; in 1808, at 129,000 ; and in 1820, at 135,000. Milan, p-t Dutchess co. N. Y. Pop. 1,797. Milasa. See Mclasso. MMazzo, Cape, on the N. coast of Sicily. Lon. 1 5 23 E. Lat. 38 20' N. Miibornt Port, borough, Eng. in Somerset co. 2 m. N. E. Sherborne, 1 13 W. by S. London. Lon. 2 27' W. Lat. 50 58' N. Pop. 1,000. Mildenhall, Si. Andrew's, t. Eng. in Suffolk, 42 m. N. W. Ipswich, 70 N. N. E. London. Pop. 2,493. Miles, t. Centre co. Pa. Pop. 1,188. Milesburg, p-t. Centre co. Pa. on Bald Eagle creek, 33 m. N.W. Lewistown. Miltto, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 8 m. N. E. Nicotera. Milford, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 27 m. S. Con- cord. Pop. 1,243. It contains 2 churches, and manufactories of cotton and screws. Milford, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 18 m. S. E. Worcester. Pop. 1,160. Milford, p-t. New-Haven co. Ct. on Long-Island sound, 9 m. S. W. New-Haven. Pop. 2,785. The village contains about 100 houses, and 3 churches. The harbor has sufficient depth of water for ves- sels of 200 tons. The amount of shipping owned here is about 1,500 tons. In this town is a very valuable quarry of marble. Milford, p-t. Otsego co. N. Y. 10 m. S. Coopers- town, 76 W. Albany. Pop. 2,505. Milford, p-t. Hunterdon co N. J. Milford, p-t. Wayne co. Pa. on the Delaware, 120 m. above Philadelphia. The river here forms a good harbor for boats. Milford, t. Bucks co. Pa. Pop. 1,195. Milford,i. Mifflin co. Pa. on the Juniatta, oppo- site Mifflintown. Pop. 1,154. Milford, t. Somerset co. Pa. Pop. 1,394. Milford, Upper, t. Lehigh co. Pa. Pop. 2,416. Milford, p-t. Kent co. Delaware, on the N. side of Mispillion creek, which falls into Delaware bay, 12 miles below ; 19 m. S. by E. Dover, 95 S. Philadelphia. Milford, p-v. Greenville co. S. C. Milford, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio. Milford, t. ilford, t. Butler co. Ohio, 10 m. N.W. Hamil- ton. Pop. 1,501. Milford, p-t. Clermont co Ohio, on the Little Miami, 12 in. above its mouth, 15 N.W. Williams- burg. Milford, t Hamilton co. Ohio. Milford Hnren, a deep inlet of the sea, at the S. W. extremity of Wales, in Pembroke co. From its entrance, it spreads out into an immense ex- panse of water, extending inland more than 20 miles, and branching off into numerous creeks. It is universally allowed to be the best harbor in Great Britain, being so capacious, and at the same time so well sheltered, that it might hold, in per- fect security, the whole navy of Great Britain. Milford Haven, t. Wales, in Pembroke co. on the N. shore of the above mentioned bay. The trade is inconsiderable. An establishment of packets has been formed here for conveying the mail and passengers to Waterford, in Ireland. Among the inhabitants are a colony of Quakers from Nan- tucket, in America, who have erected a quay, and formed an establishment for the southern whale fishery. 6 m. W. by N. Pembroke, 7 S. W. West Haverford,258 W. London, by Brecon. Lon. 5 1' W. Lat. 51 43' N. Milford Haven, bay, on the coast of Virginia. Lon. 76 20 W. Lat. 37 26' N. Miifordnlle, p-v. Otsego co. N. Y. Milkers, t. France, in Tarn, at the confluence of the Ceron and Aveyron, 13 m. N. Gaillac. Pop. 1,600. Milhau, t. France, in Aveyron, on the Tarn, 27 m. S.W. Rhodez. Pop. 6,100. Milkaud, t. France, in Gard, 9 m. S.W. Nismes. Pop. 1,300. Miliana, r. Africa, which falls into the Mediter- ranean, 10 m. S. E. Tunis. Miliquean Creek,or Holland" 1 s River, r. Canada, which runs into Simcoe lake. Militsch, t. Silesia, 30 m. N. N. E. Breslau. Pop. 1,300. Mill, v. Netherlands, 21 m. E. Bois le Due. Pop. 1,100. Mill Islands, 4 small islands in Hudson's bay. Lon. 78 30' to 79 40' W. Lat. 64 30' N. Millac, t. France, on the Vienne, 3 m. S. L'llle en Jourdain. Pop. 1,300. Millas,t. France, in Eastern Pyrenees, 10m. W. Pepignan. Pop. 1,300. Millborough, p-v. Bath co. Va. Millborotcgh, p-v. Sussex co. Va. Millbury, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 6 m. S. Wor- cester, 40 W. S. W. Boston. Pop. 935. It is wa- tered by Blackstone river, which affords nume- rous mill seats. Here are a paper mill, two oil mills, a manufactory of black lead, a woollen man- ufactory, an extensive tannery, a gun manufactory which employs 40 or 50 workmen, an extensive forge, a manufactory of mill saws, a rolling and slitting mill, a nail manufactory and several scythe manufactories. Millbury was formerly a part of Sutton. Mill creek, hundred, New Castle co. Del. Pop. 3,046. Mill creek, t. Erie co. Pa. Pop. 1,017. Mill creek, p-v. Berkley co. Va. Mill creek, or Newburg, p-v. Cuyahoga co. Ohio. Mill creek, t. Coshocton co. Ohio. Pop. 448. Mill creek, t. Hamilton co. Ohio. Pop. 2,198. Mill creek, t. Union co. Ohio. Pop. 195. Milledgeville, p-t. Baldwin co. Geo. and capital of the State, is on the Oconee, 300 miles by water from the sea, 192 by land, 158 W. N. W. Savan- nah, 87 W. S. W. Augusta. Lat. 32 56' N. Lon. 83 VZ W. Pop. 2,069. It contains a state-house, an arsenal, academy, court-house, jail, state peni- tentiary, 2 printing offices, and 2 houses of public worship, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Methodists. It is situated in what is called the middle country. The river is navigable to this place for boats of 30 tons, and large quantities of cotton and other produce are brought here to be exported to Darien and Savannah. Mille Isles, seigniory, in York and Effingham 472 MIL rounties, Lower Canada, on the N. side of St. Jean river, 18m. N. W. Montreal. Milkr, t. Knox co. Ohio. Pop. 413. co. Arkansas Ter. Pop. 999. Slaves 82. Engaged in agriculture 197, in commerce 4, in manufactures 11. M;(lc-rsburg, t. Dauphin co. Pa. Pop. 346. Millersburg, p-t. Bourbon co. Ken. 8 m. N. Pa- Lexingtoit s ferry, p-v. Randolph co. Illinois. /'mr, r. Mass, which rises in a pond in , .\ f . II. and after a S.W. course of 35 miles, Connecticut river at Northfield. A few miles from its mouth it has falls, where the whole decent is 6-2 feet, and that at the principal fall 14 feet. Mi Her stoic n, p-t. Cumberland co. Pa. on the Ju- niatta, 134m. W. Philadelphia. v/mrn, t. Lehigh co. Pa. on a branch of river, 26 m. S.W. Easton, 47 N.W. Phila- aa. Millery, t. France, on the Rhone, 7 m. S. Ly- ons. Pop. 1,700. MiUesimo, t. Sardinian States, 30 m. W. Genoa. Pop. 1,200. Mille vachfs, seigniory, Northumberland co. Lower Canada, on the St. Lawrence, 30 miles be- low the mouth of the Saguenay. Mill farm, p-v. Caroline co. Va. Mi/.tTord, v. Eng. in Derbyshire. Here are two large cotton mills, and an extensive bleachfield. MUl Grove, p-v. Cabarras co. N. C. Mill hall, p-v. Centre co. Pa. Mill haven, p-v. Scriven co. Geo. M'JJieres, v. France, in La Manche, 10 m. N. Coutauces. Pop. 1,300. - Millingen, t. Prussian States, 1 1 m. E. Cleves. Pop. 1,200. Millom, or Mil hulmc, v. Eng. in Cumberland, 12 m. S. Ravenglass. Pop. 882. Mill river, r. Ohio, which runs into the W. side of the Scioto, 25 m above Columbus. Millsuorough, p-v. Sussex co. Del. Mills/kid, t. Coos co. N. H. 7 m. W. Umbagog lake. Millstone, t. Somerset co. N. J. on Millstone creek, a S. branch of the Raritan, 14 m. N. Prince- ton. Mill/horpe, t. Eng. in Westmoreland, 8^ m. S. by W. Kendal, 251 \ N.W. London. Pop. 1,138. MiUnlle, p-v. Cumberland co. N. J. 12 m. E. Bridgetown. Pop. 1,010. MiMville, p-v. King George co. Va. Milhcood, p-v. Frederick co. Va. Milly, t. France, in Seine-and-Oise, 9m.W.Fon- tainblcau. Pop. 1,900. Milly, t. France, in La Manche, 3 m. N. E. St. Hilaire. Pop. 1 ,200. Milly, t. France, in Oise, 6 m. N. W. Beauvais. Pop. 1,200. Milnathorl, v. Scotland, in Kinross-shire, 14 m. S. Perth. Milnporl, v. Scotland, on the S. W. side of the isle of Cambray, with a good harbor. Milo, (an. Melos,~) isl. of the Mediterranean, in the Grecian archipelago, 100 m. S. by. E. Athens. Lon. 24 13 7 32" E. Lat. 36 42' 30'' N. Pop. about 1,500. It has one of the best harbors in the Med- iterranean. Ships generally stop at this island for pilots through the archipelago. Milo, t. Ontario co. N. Y. Pop. 2,612. Millenbergy t. Bavarian states, on the Maine, 28 M I N m. W. Wurzburg, 10 S. Aschaffenburg. i'ui.- 2,700. Milton, t. Eng. in Kent, 40m. E. London. Lon. 043'E. Lat.5121'N. Pop. 1,746. Milton, t. Richlieu co. Lower Canada, E. of Montreal. Milion, t. Strafford co. N. H. on the Piscataqua, 27 m. N. Portsmouth. Pop. 1,232. Milton, p-t. (Jhittenden co. Vt. on Lake Cham- plain, at the mouth of Lamoil river, 11 m. N.Bur- lington. Pop. 1,746. Milton, p-t. Norfolk co. Mass, on Neponset riv- er, which is navigable to this place for vessels of 150 tons. 7 m. E. Dedham, 7 S. Boston. Pop. 1,502. It contains an academy, several paper mills, and a chocolate mill. Milton hill, in this town, commands a most delightful prospect. Milton, t. Saratoga co. N. Y. 4m. N. Saratoga court-house, 30 N. Albany. Pop. 2,779. It con- tains the celebrated village of Ballslon Spa, 5 churches and a great number of mills. Milton, or King*sferry, p-v. Cayuga co. N. Y. Milton, p-v.in Marleboro', Ulster co. N. Y. on theW. side of the Hudson, 83 S. Albany, 12 N. Newburgh, and 4 S. Poughkeepsie. It con- tains a Methodist church, and is a place of some trade. Milton, p-f. Northumberland co. Pa. on the W. branch of the Susquehannah, 15 m. N. Sunbury. Pop. 1,016 Milton, or Broadkili,p-t. Sussex co. Del. Milton, p-v. Albemarle co. Va. on the Rivanna, 80m. N. W. Richmond. Milton, p-v. Rockingham co. N. C. Milton, t. Jackson co. Ohio. Pop. 434. Milton, t. Miami co. Ohio, 8 m. S. W. Troy. Milton, t. Richland co. Ohio. Pop. 544. Milton, p-t. Trumbull co. Ohio. Pop. 672. Milton, t. Wayne co. OKio, 11 m. N. E.Wooster. Pop. 208. Milton's bluff. See Marathon, Alabama. Milverton, t. Eng. in Somerset co. 7 m. W. Taunton. Lon. 3 16' W. Lon. 51 2' N. Pop. 1,637. Milcillc, p-t. Butler co. Ohio, 7 m. W. Hamil- ton. Mihvaukie, r. Michigan Territory, which runs into the W. side of Lake Michigan, 90 m. N. W. Chicago. It is 60 yards wide at it? mouth, and is ascended 100 miles in canoes, whence there is a short portage to Rock river of the Mississippi. Mina, t. Arabia, about 20 m. S. Mecca^ Mina, r. Algiers, which falls into the Shclliff, 12 m. E. Mustygannim. Minab, a fortified seaport of Kerman, in Persia, on the Persian gulf. Lon. 56 40' E. Lat. 27 8'N. Minarzo, Cape, cape, Spain, on the W. coast of Galicia. Lon. 9 10' W. Lat. 4251'N. Minus, t. Buenos Ayres, 34m. N. E. Maldonado. Lon. 55 5' 34" W. Lat. 34 21' 30" S. Minas Geraes, a province or capitania of Bra- zil, from 600 to 700 miles long from N. to S. and about the same distance from E. to W. It is bound- ed N. by Bahia, W. by Goyaz ; S. by Riode Ja- neiro. This vast territory produces in abundance both gold and diamonds. The regular military establishment of the capitania consists of 1,400 cavalry. They are appointed to guard the dia- mond district ; and are employed exclusively in the mining country, which they never quit, ex- cept when they escort diamonds and treasure to M I N the capital. Pop. estimated at 360,000, of whom 200,000 are negroes. Minch, arm of the sea, Scotland, which sepa- rates the Isle of Sky from Long Island. Minching Hampton, t. Eng. in Gloucester co. 10 ra. W. Cirencester, 98 W. London. Lon. 2 11' W. Lat. 51 42' N. Pop. 3,246. Minchivavida, small isl. near the coast of Chili. Lat. 44 40' S. Mincio, r. Italy, which passes by Mantua, and falls into the Po, 8 miles below. It is the outlet of the lake of Gurda. Mindanao. See Magindano. Minddheim, t. Bavaria, 27 m. S. S.W. Augsburg. Pop. 1,400. Minden, a government of the Prussian states, made up of the former principalities of Minden, Paderborn, Rittberg, and Corvey, the bailiwick of Reckeberg,and the lordship of rlheda. Area, 2,000 sq, miles. Pop. 330,000. Minden, t. Prussia, in Westphalia, and cap. of the government of the same name, stands on the "Weser. In 1806, it was occupied by the French, and finally ceded to Prussia in 1814 ; since which its fortifications have been renewed and extended. 34 m. W. Hanover. Lon. 8 53' E. Lat. 52 17' N. Pop. 6,t;00 Minden, t. Montgomery co. N. Y. on the Mo- hawk, 25 m. W. Johnstown, 62 W. Albany. Pop. 1,954. It contains 3 Dutch Reformed churches. Minden, p-v. Ontario co. N. Y. Mindo, t. Quito, 20 m. N. W. Quito. Mindoro, one of the Philippine islands, 1 10 miles long, by about 25 broad. Lon. 120 24' to 121 24' E. Lat. 12 21' to 13 30' N. Mine au Burton. See Potosi, Missouri. Mine au fer, or Iron Mine, v. Kentucky, on the Mississippi, 15 m. below the mouth of Ohio river. Mine Biled el Habtsh, harbor of the Red Sea, on the coast of Egypt. Lat. 23 15' N. Minehead, a borough and s-p. Eng. in Somerset co. on the Bristol channel. 24 m. W. of Bridge- water. Lon. 3 28' W. Lat. 51 12' N. Pop. 1,037. Minehead, cape, Ireland , on the S. E. coast of Waterford. Lon. 7 36' W. Lat. 51 58' N. Minehead, p-t. Essex co. Vt. on Connecticut riv- er, 58 m. N. E. Montpelier. Pop. 132. Mineo, t. Sicily, 32 m. N. W. Syracuse. Pop. 5,300. Mineral fork, r. Missouri, a branch of Big river, which flows into the Merrimack. Mine river, r. Howard co. Missouri, which flows into the S. side of the Missouri 200 miles above its mouth. It is navigable 40 miles. Minen-a, t. Essex co. (N.Y.) S.W. of Elizabeth- town. Pop. 271. Minerva, p-t. Mason co. Ken. 13 m. fr. Washing- ton. Minervino, t. Naples, in the Capitanata, 85 m. E. Naples. It is a bishop's see. Bay, or Basin, gulf on the S. E. side of the bay of Fundy, 12 leagues long, and 3 broad. Mingan Islands, islands near the S.coast of Lab- rador, in the gulf of St. Lawrence, 30 m. W. An- ticosti. Lon. 64 W. Lat. 50 15' N. Mingrtlia, a large country of Asia, on the S. side of the Caucasian mountains, between the Caspian and the Black seas. It is bounded N. by Georgia, E. by Imme-eiia, S. by the river Phasis, and W. by the Black sea. The prince is dependent on the Russians. 60 M I R 473 Minho, r. which separates Spain from Portugal, and falls into the Atlantic 15 m. S W. Tuy. Minho, the Province. See Entre Douro e Minho. Minialo al Tedescho, t. Tuscany. It is the see of a bishop. Pop. 2,000. Miniet Ebn Kasib, t. Upper Egypt, on the W. bank of the Nile, 22m. S. Abu Giree. Minisink,t. Orange co. N. Y. 10 m. W. Goshen, 25 W. Newburgh. Pop. 5,053. Minirink, t. Sussex co. N. J. on the Delaware, 5 m. below Montague, 57 N. W. Brunswick. Minitoba, lake, Canada, 100 miles long, and from 10 to 15 wide. Lon. 100 20' W. Lat. 50" 4tf N. Mino, one of the smaller Philippine islands. Lon. 124 30' E. Lat. 10 6' N. Minong, or Isle Royal, isl. Canada, in Lake Su- perior, 30 miles long, and 10 broad. Lon. 89 W. Lat. 48 N. Minorca, one of the Balearic islands, in the Med- iterranean, 37 m. E. of Majorca, and 120 from the ccastof Spain. Area, 240 sq. miles. Pop. 31,000. The importance of the island has been altogether owing to the valuable harbor of Port Mahon. The exports are wine, wool, and cheese. The other products are olives and olive oil, salt, honey, fruit, pulse, and vegetables. The island was tak- en by the British in 1798, but restored to Spain in 1802. Lon. 3 50' to 4 r 27' E. Lat. 39 47' to 40 41' 25" N. Minori, t. Naples, in Principato Citra, on the gulf of Salerno, 7 m. W. S. W. Salerno. Pop. 2,100. Minot, p-t. Cumberland co. Maine, on the An- droscoggin, 33 m. N. Portland. Pop. 2,524. Minsk, a government of Eu. Russia, which ex- tends from the Dwina on the N. to the province of Volhynia on the S. Area, 37,000 square miles. Pop. about 950,000. Wood and potash are almost the only articles of export. The inhabitants are a mixture of Poles, Lithuanians, Tartars, Armeni- ans, Greeks, Jews, and gypsies. The chief part are Catholics. Minsk, t. Russia, and cap. of the above govern- ment, on the river Swislocz, 310 m. E. N. E. War- saw. Lon. 27 40' E. Lat. 53 43' N. Pop. 2,000, chiefly Jews. Minsk, t. Poland, 25 m. E. by S. Warsaw. Minion, isl. near the W. coast of Sumatra, a lit- tle to the S. of the line. Lon. 97 8' E. Minuciano, t. Italy, in Lucca, 9 m. N. N. E. Carrara. Minsesheim, t. Baden, 2 m. W. N. W. Goch- sheim. Pop. 1,100. Mioutolun, small isl. near the E. coast of Africa. Lat. 7 35' N. Miprovalz, t. Turkey, in Bulgaria, 52 m. N. W. Sophia. Miquelon, isl. S. W. of Newfoundland, 9 m. W. Cape May. Lon , 55 55 ' W . Lat. 47 4' N. Mira, t. Austrian Italy, 8 m. W. Venice. Pop. 2,000. . Mira, t. Portugal, on the coast of Beira, 13 m. S. Braganza Nova. Pop. 1,600. Mira, r. Quito, which enters the Pacific, by sev- eral mouths, in lat. 1 40' N. Mirabel, t. France, in Lot, 9 m. N. Montau- ban. Mirabella, t. Naples, in Principato Ultra, 10m. S. E. Benevento. Pop. 5,500. Mirabello, t. Naples, in Molise, 20 m. N. Bene - vento. Pop. 2,100. 474 M I R Miradoux, t. France, in Gers, 7 m. N. E. Lec- toure. Pop. 1,700. Miragoane, t. Hispaniola, on the N. W. coast, 31 leagues E. by S. Port au Prince. Lat. 18 U 27' N Miramichi, bay and river on the N. E. coast of New Brunswick. The bay sets up between Port- age island on the N. and Escuminax point on the S. Vessels of the largest size ascend the river 40 miles and boats 80 miles further. The salmon fishery was formerly very extensive, but has declin- ed. The principal article of export is square tim- ber for the British market. Half of all exported from the province is shipped from Miramichi riv- er. The annual value of the timber shipped from this river is 120, 000. The first settlement was made in 1784. The number of settlers on the river and its branches in 1822 was 9,000 or 10,000, consisting of Scotch, Irish and English. The ori- ginal settlers were Roman Catholics, but there are now Protestant clergymen of various denomina- tions. Surveys have ascertained the practicabili- ty of a road from Halifax through New Brunswick by this river and Chaleur bay to the St. Lawrence. It would facilitate the settlement of this part of the province. 40 m. N. W. of Shediac bay, 35 S. E. of Chaleur bay. Mirambeau, t. France, in Lower Charente, 12 m. S. Pons. Pop. 2,200. Miranda, r. Spain which rises among the moun- tains of Asturias, separates that province from Ga- licia, and falls into the Atlantic. Miranda de Corro, t. Portugal, in Beira, 12 m. S. E. Coimbra. Pop. 2,700. Miranda de Ehro, t. Spain, in Burgos, on the Ebro, 32 m. N. E. Burgos. Lon. 3 22' W. Lat. 4230'N. Pop. 1,400. Mirandc, t. France, in Gers, 11 m. S. W. Auch. Pop. 1,700. Mirandela, t. Portugal, in Tras-los-Montes, 22 m. S. W. Braganza, Lon. 6 65' W. Lat. 41 25' N. Pop. 4,700. Mirandol, v. France, in Tarn, 14 m. N. Alby. Pop. 1,100. Mirandola, t. Italy, in the states of Modena. It is regularly fortified, and defended by a citadel and castle, called La Rocca. It contains a cathe- dral, and 15 churches. 16 m. N. N. E. Modena, 22 S. E. Mantua. Lon. 11 5' E. Lat. 44 50' N. Pop. 8,200. Mirano,t. Austrian Italy, 11 m. N. E. Padua. Pop. 3,2 E. Ion. and 53 5' and 55 10' N. lat. Area, 18,500 sq. miles. Pop. about 800,000, of whom the majority are Poles. Mohileti the capital of the above government, is on the Dnieper, 420 m. S. St. Petersburg, 330 W. Moscow. Pop. 12,500, of whom nearly 2,000 are Jews. Lon. 30 23' E. Lat. 53 54' N. Mohtiev, or Mogilev, t. Eu. Russia, in Podolia, on the Dniester, 57 m. S. S. E. Caminiec. Pop. 7,000. Lon. 27 46' E. Lat. 48 26' 47" N. Mohilla, one of the Comorro islands, between Madagascar and the E. coast of Africa. Lon. 44 I I Lat. 1236'S. Mohli, v. Switz. in Aargau, 2* m. E. Rheinfel- den. Pop. 1,400. Mohrin, t. Prussia, in the New Mark of Bran- denburg, 20 m. N. Custrin. Pop. 1,000. Mohmngen, t. East Prussia, in Konigsberg, 58 m. S. S. W. Konigsberg. Lon. 19 56' E. Lat. 53" 51' N. Pop. 1,900. Mohurbunge, district, Hind, in Orissa, between 21 and 23 N. lat. Moine. See Des mains. Moira, t. Ireland, in Down co. 15 m. S. Antrim. Moira, r. Up. Canada, which falls into the bay of Quinte, in Lake Ontario. Moira, p-t. Franklin co. N. Y. Moira's Sound, inlet on the E. coast of the Prince of Wales' archipelago. Lon. 228 21 ' E. Lat. 54' 57' N. Moirans, t. France, in Isere, 15 m.N. N. E. St. Marcellin. Pop. 2,000. Moisdon la Riviere, t. France, in Loire Infer i- eure, 34 m. N. E. Nantes. Pop. 1,800. Moisi, r. Canada, which runs into the river St. Lawrence, in Ion. 64 40' W. lat. 50 15' N. Moissac, t. France, in Tarn-and-Garonne, on the Tarn, 18 m.N. W. Montauban. Mojaisk, t. Eu. Russia, 63 m.W. Moscow. Pop. 4,000. Between Mojaisk and the small town of Ghiatsk, was fought the battle of Borodino. See Borodino. Lon. 35 44' E. Lat. 56 36' N. Mojos. See Moxos. Moknan, or Mohannan, v. Egypt, 5 m. S. Gizeh. Mokontpore, or Mukkunpore, t. Hind, in Agra, on the Issah. It contains the mausoleum of a cel- ebrated Mahometan saint. Immense numbers of Mussulman pilgrims resort to this tomb. Lon. 80 U 20' E. Lat 26 45' N. Mokschan, t. Eu. Russia, in Penza, 36 m. W. N* W. Penza. Lon. 44 50' E. Lat. 58 40' N. Pop, 4,100. Mola, or Mola di Gaeta, t. Naples, in the Terra di Lavoro, on the Via Appia, 3 m. N. Gaeta, 37 N. W. Naples. Pop. 2,000. Moladi Bari, t. Naples, on the Adriatic. It has a good harbor, 12 m. S. E. Bari. Pop. 7,700. Mola, v. on the N. E. coast Sicily, 25 m. S. W. Messina. Molana, small isl. Ireland, in the river Blackwa- ter, 3 m. N. N. W. Youghal. Molardier, t. Sardinian states, in Savoy, 8 m. N. E. Chamberry. Mold, or Mould, t. Wales, in Flintshire, 12 m.W. Chester, 202 N. W. feondon. Lon. 3 8' W. Lat. 53 10' N. Pop. 5,083. Moldau, r. Bohemia, which rises near the moun- tains that separate that kingdom from Bavaria, passes by Budweis, Prague, and other places, and joins the Elbe a little above Melnik. Moldau, or Moldava, r. which rises in the Car- pathian mountains, traverses the Austrian prov- ince of the Bukowine, enters the Turkish prov- ince of Moldavia, to which it gives name, and joina the Sereth at Roman. Moldavia, province in the N. E. of Eu. Turkey, between 26 e 16' and 28 30' E. Ion. and 45 25' and 48 13' N. lat. It is bounded E. by Russia, S. by- Turkey, W. by Transylvania, and N. by Austrian Poland. Its extent, since the cession in 1812 of its eastern division to Russia, does not exceed 17,000 square miles. The face of the country consists of undulating plains of great beauty and vast extent, covered with luxuriant crops of grass. The oth- er principal products are wheat, barley, millet, maize ; also wine and tobacco in considerable quantities. Situated between. Russia, Austria, 480 M O L and Turkey, this province becomes, from the com- mencement of a war between these powers, the scene of hostile operations. At the treaty of Bu- charest, in May 1812, the part of Moldavia to the north of the Pruth, was retained by Russia. The religion is that of the Greek church. Pop. about 400^000. Moldautein, t. Bohemia, on the Moldau, 58 m. S. Prague. Pop. 2,200. Moldnisch-Kimpuluug, t. Austrian Poland, 46 m. S. S. W. Sereth. Pop. 1,200. Mole, r. Eng. in Surry, which fall into the Thames, opposite Hampton Court, in Middlesex. Mole, The, a port in the N. W. part of the island of St. Domingo, 2 leagues E of Cape St. Nicholas. Though inferior to Cape Francois and Port au Prince, it is the first port in the island for safety in time of war, being strongly fortified both by nature and art. 14 m. S. by W. Jean Rabel, 69 W. Cape Francois. Lon. 73 26' W. Lat. 19 51' N. Molfeta, or Molfelta, t. Naples, in the Terra di Bari, on the Adriatic. It is the see of a bishop. 8 m. S. E. Irani. Lon. 16 39' E. Lat 41 18' N. Pop. 11,500. Mali. SeeMohli. Molieres, t. France, in Tarn-and-Garonne, 14 m. N. Montauban. Pop. 2,500. Molina, t. Spain, in Cuenca, on the Molina, which falls into the Tagus. 108 m. E. N. E. Ma- drid, 60 N. N. E. Cuenca. Lon. 2 1 W. Lat. 41 8' N. Pop. 4,400. Molina,t. Spain, in Murcia, 7 m.N. by W. Mur- cia. Pop. 3,200. Mvlina d' drragon, t. Spain, in Cuenca, 57 m. N. by E. Cuenca. Moline's Gut, r. on the S. W. side of St. Chris- topher's, in the W. Indies, with anchorage near its mouth of from 5 to 10 fathoms. Molineux Harbour, bay on the S. E. coast of Ta- via Poenammoo, New Zealand. Lon. 189 50' W. Lat. 46 24' S. Molise, (an. Samnium,*) a province of Naples, surrounded by the province of Abruzzo, the Ca- pitania, the Principato Ultra, and the Terra di Lavoro. Extent, 1,200 square miles. Pop. 207,000. Molise, t. Naples, 48 m. N. N. E. Naples. Moliterno, t. Naples, in Principatc Citra, 25 m. N. E. Policastro. Pop. 5,200. Moll, t, Netherlands, 30 m. E. Antwerp. Pop. 3,800. Mollen, t. Denmark, 6 m. S. Lubeck. Pop. 1,600. Molodive, t. Ceylon, 46 m. N. N. E. Trinco- malee. Mologa, t. Russia, in Jaroslav, where the river Mologa falls into the Volga. Lon. 38 2^ E. Lat. 58 N. Pop. 2,000. Molsen, L Prussian Saxony, 18 m. S. S. W. Leipsic. Molsheim, t. France, 10 m. W. Strasburg. Pop. 2,500. Molton, South, t. Eng. in Devonshire, 29 m. N. W. by N. Exeter, 181* W. by S. of London. Pop. 2,739. Molucca, or Spice Islands, islands in the E. In- dian sea, first discovered by the Portuguese in 15 1 1. The term Molucca is sometimes applied to all the islands E. of the Molucca passage, in Ion. 126 E.; but in general it is restricted to the Spice islands, namely, Amboyna, Banda,Ceram,Ternate,Tidore, and Batchian. These islands are chiefly famous M O N for the production of spices, particularly nutmegs and cloves. The Portuguese were the owners of these islands till they were wrested from them by the Dutch in 1607. During the late war they were captured by the English, but are now restored to the Dutch. Molwitz, v. Prussian States, 23 m. S. S. W. Breslau. Moma, r. E. Africa, which falls into the Indian sea in lat. 16 35' S. Momapane Lake, lake, Canada, 160 m. N. Que- bec. Lon 71 W. Lat. 49 40' N. Mombaca, kingdom on the E. coast of Africa, with a capital oi' the same name S. of Melinda. The town was formerly occupied by the Portu- guese ; but they were expelled by the natives in 1631, and it is now rarely if ever visited by Euro- pean vessels. Lon. 40 2' E. Lat. 4 40' S. Momflot. See Monfalont. Momorano, t. Austrian States, on the S. coast of Istria, 28 m. S. S. W. Fiume. Mompox, t. New Granada, on the Magdalena, 110 m. S. S. E. Carthagena, and 21 above the confluence of the Magdalena and the Cauca. Lon. 74 11' W. Lat. 9 19' N. Mona, Val de. See Demona Vol. Mona and Monita, i. e. The Monkey and his Cub, 2 islands of the W. Indies, in the middle of the great passage between Hispaniola and Porto Rico. Monacks, p-v. Monroe co. Alabama. Monaco, a petty principality in the N. W. of It- aly, in the Sardinian states, bounded by the coun- ty of Nice, the dutchy of Genoa, and the sea. Ex- tent, 55 sq. miles. Pop. about 6,000. Until 1792, Monaco was governed by its own princes. In 1815, it was ceded under the sovereignty of the king of Sardinia. Monaco, the capital of the above principality, is on a steep rock, projecting into the sea, 7 m. W. of Nice. Pop. 1,200. Monadnock, a lofty mountain in the S. W. corner of N. H. between Jaffrey and Dublin. Its base is 5 miles from X. to S. and 3 from E. to W. and its height is 3,254 feet above the level of the sea. It may be seen at the distance of 60 miles in almost every direction. Monadnock, mt. in the N. E. part of Vt. Monaghan, co. Ireland, in the province of Ul- ster, bounded N. by Tyrone, E. by Armagh, and S. E. by East-Meath and Louth. Area, 450 sq. miles. The soil is particularly favourable for flax, and this is the principal crop. The linen manu- facture flourishes in every quarter of this district. Monaghan, the capital of the above county, is 40 m. S. W. Belfast, and 60 N. N. W. Dublin. Lon. 6 49' W. Lat. 54 16' N. Monaghan, t. York co. Pa. Pop. 1,158. Monallin, t. Fayette co. Pa. Pop. 1,376. Monasteer, s-p. Tunis, Africa, 50 m. S. E. Tunis. Monastervan, t. Ireland, in Kildare, on the Bar- row, 32 m. 3. W. Dublin. Monaslier, t. France, in Upper Loire, 12 m. S. S.E.LePuy. Pop. 1,800. Monattir, Toli, or Bristolia, t. Eu. Turkey, in Macedon, 95 m. W. N. W. Salonica. Pop. 15,000. Monaslirska, v. A. Russia, in Tobolsk, 252 m. E. S. E. Yeniseisk. Monat, Point, cape on the E. coast of Gilolo. Lon. 128 36' E. Lat. 16'N. Monavar, t. Spain, in Valencia, 20 m. W . Al- cant. Pop. 8,000. M O N Monbellct, t. France, in Saone-and-Loire, 11 m. N. Macon. Pop. 1,300. Monbercdlo, i. Piedmont, 33 m. E. S. E. Turin. Monblanc, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 17 m. N. Tar- agona Lon. 1 15' E. Lat. 47 22' N. Pop. 3,600. Monbrun, t. W. Africa, 15 m. S. W. Gounel. Monbui, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 18 m. N. Bar- celona. Pop. 2,000. Moncada, t. Spain, 7 m. N. W. Valencia. Pop. ' Moncaglieri, t. Piedmont, on the Po, 4 m. S. Turin. Pop. 7,300. Moncalro, t. Piedmont, in Montferrat, 30 m. E. Turin. Pop. 3,500. Moncao, t. Portugal, in Entre-Minho-e-Douro, on the river Minho. Pop. 1,200. Moncatas, t Portugal, inAlentejo, on the Gua- diana, 4 m. N. N. W. Murao. Pop. 1,500. Monceau, t. France, in Correze, on the Dor- dogne, 20 m. E. Brives. Pop. 1,500. Monchaboo, city, of the Binrian empire, 50m. N. of Ummerapoora. Lon. 96 20' E. Lat. 22 46' N. Pop. 4,000. Monchique, t. Portugal, in Algarva, 15 m. W. Silves. Lop. 4,800. Monclar, t. France, in Tarn-and-Garonne, 10 m. E. S. E. Montauban. Pop. 1,000. Also a town in Lot-and-Garonne, 10 m. W.N. W. Villeneuve d'Agen. Pop. 2,000. Monclova, t. Mexico, cap. ofCohahuila, on the Rio del Norte, 258 leagues N. Mexico. Lon. 270 5' E. Lat. 27 50' N. Moncon, t. Spain, in Arragon, at the junction of the Sofa and Cinca,25 m. N. W. Lerida. Monconiour, t. France, in Cotes-du-Nord, 13m. S. St. Brieux. Pop. 1,700. Moncontour, t. France, in Vienne, 26 m. N. N. W. Poitiers. Moncooda, Cape, the N. E. point of the island of Banca. Lon. 105 53' E. Lat. 1 28' S. Moncornet, t. France, in Aisne, 9 m. S. E. Ver- vins. Pop. 1,300. Moncorvo, t. Portugal, in Tras-los-Montes, near the Douro, defended by a castle. 58 m. S. by W. Braganza. Pop. 1,300. Moncuq, t France, in Lot, 12 m. S. W. Cahors. Pop. 2,000. Moncur's Isles, 3 small islands on the S. coast of New Holland, 10 m. S. E. Wilson's promon- tory. Monda, or Munda, t. Spain, in Granada, 25 m. W. Malaga. Mondahu, r. Brazil, which runs into the Atlan- tic in Ion. 40 46' W. Lat. 3 l& S. Monday, Cape, cape, S. America, in the straits ef Magellan. Lon. 75 20' W. Lat 53"; 12' S. Mondego, r. Portugal, in Beira, which falls into the Atlantic at Buarcos. Mondego, or Emboletieu, r. Paraguay, which enters the river Paraguay in lat. 20 3tf S. Mondego, Cape, cape on the W. coast of Portu- gal. Lon. 8 53' 9" W. Lat. 40 12' 6" N. Mondcjar, t. Spain, in New Castile, 30 m. E. Madrid. Mondon, cape, the S. extremity of Hispaniola. Lat. 17 5tf N. Mondonedo, t. Spain, in Galicia. It is inclosed with wall 3, and is the see of a bishop. 75 m. W. Oviedo, 1 15 N. W. Leon. Lon. 7" 10' W. Lat. 43 20'N. Pop. 6,000. Mondovi, t. Piedmont, cap. of the province of the same name. It has manufactures both of M O N 481 woollen and muslin, as well as tanneries and iron forges ; but the chief branch of its industry is the spinning of silk. It is the see of a bishop, and the seat of several seminaries of education. 15 m. E. N. E. Coni, 45 S. S. E. Turin. Lon. 7 56' E. Lat. 44 24' N. Pop. about 20,000. Mondragon, t. Spain, in Guipuzcoa, on the De- va. Near the town is a mine of excellent iron and native steel. 30 m. S. S. W. St. Sebastian. Mondragone, t. Naples, in Terra di Lavoro, 23 m. N. W. Naples. Pop. 1,800. Motidrain Island, ial. off theS. coast of New- Holland. Lon. 122 14' . Lat. 34 8' S. Moneah, t. Hind, in Bahar, at the junction of the Saone and Ganges. Lon. 84 56' E. Lat. 25 38' N. Moneins, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees, 9 m. W. Pau. Pop. 5,200. Monestier, t. France, in Upper Alps, 9 m. N. W. Briancon. Pop. 2,800. Monestier, t. France, in Tarn, llm. N. Alby. Pop. 1,300. Moneymore, v. Ireland, in Derry, 25 m. S. E. Londonderry. Monfalcone, t. Austrian Illyria, on the gulf of Trieste. Lon. 13 32' 50' E. Lat. 45 47' 50" N. Pop. 1,300. Monfalont, or Monflot, t. Upper Egypt, on the Nile. Lat. 27 42' N. Monfaucon, t. France, in Lot, 8 m. S. E. Gour- don. Pop. 1,900. Monfia, isl. off the E. coast of Africa, 100 miles long, and 8 or 10 broad. Lat. 7 30' S. Monflanquin, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne, 1 9 m. N. Agen. Pop. 5,000. Monforte, t. Portugal, in Tras-los-Montes, 33 m. W. Braganza. Monforte, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 19 m. S. Por- talegre. Mongallou, r. E. Africa, with a country and town of the same name, on its banks. The mouth of the river is between Quiloa and Cape Delgado, in lat. 10 7' S. Mongas. See Monjous. Monghir, 01 Mangier, district, Hind, in Bahar, between 26 and 28 N. lat. on the S. side of the Ganges. Monghier, properly Moodgo-gheree, fort, Hind, and cap. of the above district, is on the S. bank of the Ganges. It was taken by the British forces in 1763, after a short siege. Lon. 86 38' E. Lat. 2523'N. Mongie, t. France, in Puy-de-Dome, 25 m. S. E. Clermont. Pop. 1,200. Mongolia, an extensive region of Central Asia, lying N. and N. W. of China. The country is traversed by the wandering hordes of that No- madic race, which, under the name of Mongols, or Moguls, has been so celebrated and formidable in the annals of Asia. At present, the Mongols have lost all this widely extended dominion, and are split into a number of petty states, dependent on the emperor of China. The proper limits of Mongolia are, to the E. the country of the Mant- chous ; to the W. the country of the Tartars ; on the S. it is bounded partly by China, and partly by Turkestan, and on the N. by Asiatic Russia. Near- ly the whole of this immense territory consists of a level plain. The Mongols are only nominally subject to China ; but the internal government is entirely carried on by their native princes. Trib- ute forms the extent of their allegiance. They profess Shamanism, or the religion of Fo. Be- 61 482! M O N sides the Mongols proper, the Kalkas, the Eluths, and Burials, are considered as of the same race. Mongon, isl. on the coast of Peru. Lut. 9 45' S. Mongon, Cape, Grand-, cape, on the S. coast of Hispaniola. Lon. 72^ 18' W. Lat. 17 59' N. Mongon, Cape, Petit, the S. point of Hispanio- la. Lon. 72 20' \V. Lat. 17' 57' N. Moiigrande, t. Piedmont, on the road from Ver- celli to Biella. Pop. 3.200. Mottgrassano, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, 20 m. N. W. Cosenza. Monguillcm, (. France, in Gers, 17 m. E. Mont de Marsan. Pop. 1,400. Monheini, t. Prussian States, in Cleves-and- Berg, 9 m. S. S. E. Dusseldorf. Pop. 2,800. Mvnhtim, t. Bavaria, 56 m. N. N. W.Munich. Pop. 1,400. Maniac, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne, on the Lot. Pop. 1,000. Monikendam, or Monnikedam, s-p. Netherlands, on an arm of the Zuyder Zee, 23 m. N. Amster- dam. Pop. 2,100. Monishwar, t. Hind, in Bejapore. Lon. 74 25' E. Lat. 18 16' N. Monistrol, t. France, in Upper-Loire, 19 m. N. E. Le Puy. Pop. 4,000. Momstrol, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 4 m. W. Man- resa. Moniy, r. Brazil, which runs into the bay of Maranhao, in Ion. 45 29' W. lat. 2 40' S. Monjes, small islands in the Spanish Main. Lon. 70 40' W. Lat, 12 N. Monjous, a people inhabiting the interior of Eastern Africa, about 700 m. JN. E. Mosambique. Monkey Key, small isl. in the bay of Honduras. Lon. 89 35' W. Lat. 16 25' N. Monklnnd, district, Scotland, in Lanarkshire, divided into New and Old Monkland, on the Clyde, 8 m. E. Glasgow. Pop. 1 1,000. Mon ks corner, p-v. Charleston district, S. C. Man If Ion, t. Eng. in Durham, 4 m. E. by N. Gateihead. Pop. 3,193. Monkton, t. Annapolis co. Nova Scotia, on the basin of Annapolis. It contains about 60 families. Monkton, t. Westmoreland co. New Brunswick. Monkinn, p-t. Addison co. Vt. 23 m. S. Burling- ton. Pop. 1,152. Porcelain clay is found here, and attempts are making to manufacture porcelain ware. Monkicearmoufh-shore, hamlet, Eng. in Dur- ham, on the Wear. Pop. 4,264. Moumuutfi, co. Eng. on the borders of Wales, one of the smallest in the kingdom, but distin- guished as a rich agricultural, and a great mining tt is bounded S. by the Bristol channel, N. by Hereford and Brecknock, W. by Glamor- gan, E. by Gloucester and Hereford. It abounds with iron and coal. Numerous iron works have been erected, and within the last century they have increased in number and extent with singu- lar rapidity. The principal are those at Blena- von, Nant-y-Glo, Abercorn, Pontypool, Caerleon, &c. Extent, 516 sq. miles. Pop. 62,000. Monmoullt, bor. and t. Eng. and cap. ol'Mon- mouth co. at the confluence <>i the Vlonnow and Wye, 21 in. W. by S. Gloucester, 15 N. Chep- 8tow, 130 W. by N. London. Lon. 2" 43' W. Lat. 51"48'N. Pop. 3,503. Monmoutk, p-t. Kennebeck co. Maine, 17 m. W. Auzusta. Pop. 1,596. Here is an academy. Munmouth, co. N. J. bounded N. W. by Middle- IVf O N sex co. N. by Raritan bay, E. by the Atlantic, and S. VV. by Burlington co. Pop. 25,038. Engaged in agriculture 5,740, in commerce 90, in manufac- tures 997. Chief town, Freehold. Monmouth. See Freehold, Monmoulh, Cape, on the coast of Patagonia, in the .-traits of Magellan, at the entrance of St. Se- bastian's sound. Monnoir, seigniory, Bedford co. Lower Cana- da, on the river Sorel, 20 m. E. Montreal. Monnoye, t. France, in Indre and-Loire, 14 m. N. Tours. Pop. 1,500. Monoblct, v. France, in Gard, 4 m. N. E. St. Hippolyte. Pop. 1,100. Monocasy, r. Md. which joins the Potomac about 50 m. above Georgetown. Monomuji, or Mimeaitiay, a territory of Africa, which, in modern maps, fills all the interval be- tween Monomotapa and Congo. No such empire, however, is in existence. All that we know is, that there is a tribe called Monjous, about 700 m. N. E. of Mosambique. The extent of their coun- try is unknown. Monongahela, r. which rises at the foot of the Laurel mountains in Virginia, and, after a course of 300 miles, unites with the Alleghany at Pitts- burg, Pa. to form Ohio river. At its mouth it is nearly 400 yards wide. Here a bridge is thrown across it. The Monongahela is navigable for large boats 60 miles to Brownsville, whence there is a turnpike, 72 miles long, to Cumberland, on the Potomac. Small boats proceed to Tygart's valley, 200 miles from the mouth of the river. Monongalia, East, co. in the N. W. part of Va. Pop. 5,517. Slaves 290. Engaged in agri- culture 1,041, in commerce 9, in manufactures 267. Chief town, JVIorgantown. Monongalia, West, co. Va. Pop. 5,543. Slaves 85. Engaged in agriculture 1,242, in commerce 12, in manufactures 77. Monopoli, t. Naples, in the Terra di Bari, on the Adriatic. Its principal manufactures are hempen and cotton stuffs. 26 m. E. S. E. Bari. Lon. 17 19' E. Lat. 41 8' N. Pop. 15,600. Monpasier, t. France, in Dordogne, 25 m. S. E. Bergerac. Pop. 1,000. Monreal, t. Spain, in Navarre, 10 m. S. E. Pam- plona. Monreale, t. Sicily, 2 m. W. S.W. Palermo. Pop. 8,000. Monroe, t. Hancock co. Maine. Pop. 630. Monroe, or Soutttjield, p-v. Orange co. N. Y. 19 m. S. iVewburg, 50 N. New York. Pop. 2,969. It contains 2 churches, 1 for Quakers, and 1 for Presbyterians. Here are extensive iron works. called the Augusta works, capable of yielding 200 tons of bar iron yearly. Monroe, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Lake Ontario, E. by Ontario co. S. by Livingston co. W. by Genesee co. Pop. 26,855. Monroe, p-v. Sussex co. N. J. Monroe,co. Va. adjoining Greenbriar co. Pop. 6,620. Slaves 501. Engaged in agriculture 1 ,};i 1, in commerce 10, in manufactures 168. Chief town, Uniontown. At the court-house is a post- office. Monroe. See Fincastle. Monroe, co. Alabama, on the river Alabama. pop. :;.",.;; Slaves 3,794. Engaged in agricul- ture 3,245, in commerce 49, in manufactures 98. Chief town, Burnt corn. Monroe, co. Mississippi. Pop. 2,721. Slaves 522. M O N M O N 483 Engaged in agriculture 804, in commerce 18, in manufactures 27. Monroe,co. East Tennessee. Pop. 2,520. Slaves 156. Engaged in agriculture 502. Chief town, Tellico Plains. Monroe, p-t. and cap. Overton co. Ten. Monroe, co. Kentucky. Pop. 4,956. Slaves 493. Engaged in agriculture 779, in commerce 17, in manufactures 120. Monroe, co. Ohio, on Ohio river. Pop. 4,645. Engaged in agriculture 585, in commerce 11, in manufactures 98. Chief town, Woodsfield. Monroe, t. Adams co. Ohio. Pop. 783. Monroe, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, 10 m. N. E. Jef- ferson. Pop. 384. Monroe, t. Butler co. Ohio, 12 m. N. E. Ham- ilton. Monroe, t. Guernsey co. Ohio, 6 m. N. E. Cam- bridge. Pop. 544. Monroe, t. Highland co. Ohio. Monroe, t. Licking co. Ohio. .Pop. 591. Monroe, t. Madison co. Ohio. Pop. 211. Monroe, t. Muskingum co. Ohio. Pop. 377. Monroe, t. Miami co. Ohio. Pop. 839. Monroe, t. Prebleco. Ohio. Pop. 303. Monroe, L Richland co. Ohio. Pop. 389. Monroe, t Pickaway co. Ohio, 10 m. W. Cir- deville. Pop. 653. Monroe, co. Indiana. Pop. 2,679. Engaged in agriculture 496, in commerce 7, in manufactures 98. At the court-house is a post-office, Monroe, co. Illinois, on the Mississippi. Pop. 1,537. Engaged in agriculture 410, in com- merce 11, in manufactures 66. Chief town, Har- risonville. Monroe, t. Illinois, on the first high ground a- bove the junction of the Illinois with the Missis- sippi, 28 m. above St. Louis, 10 from St. Charles on the Missouri. Monroe, co. Michigan Territory. Pop. 1,831. Engaged in agriculture 499, in commerce 9, in manufactures 40. Chief town, Frenchtown. Monroe, t. and cap Monroe co. Michigan Ter- ritory, on the river Raisin, 35 m. S. Detroit. Monroe, t. Lincoln co. Missouri. Monroe, t. Hempsteadco. Arkansas. Pop. 564. Monroyo, t. Spain, in Arragon, 30 m. W. Tor- tosa. Mom, t. Netherlands, cap. of Hainault, on the Trouille. It is surrounded by an earthen mound and ditch, and has, since 1818, received additional fortifications, which render it one of the principal barrier towns against France. It is the only strong place between Brussels and the French frontier. It has manufactures of woollens, cotton, linen, and lace ; and its command of coal has led also to the establishment of iron founderies, along with works for salt, earthenware, oil, and soap. It communicates with Paris by the canal of St. Quentin. 23 m. E. N. E. Valenciennes, 36 S. S. W. Brussels. Lon. 3 57' E. Lat. 50 27' N. Pop. 20,000. Mwu en Pevelk, t. France, in North, 6 m. N. N. E. Douay. Pop. 1,200. Monsanto, t. Portugal, in Beira, 26 m. E. N. E. Castel Branco. Pop. 1,000. Monxeag. bay, on the coast of Maine, separated from Sheepscut rirer by the island of Jeremy- squam. Montegur, t. France, in Gironde, 32 m. S. E. Bourdeaux. Pop. 1,500. Monselice, t. Austrian Italy, on a navigable a- Aal, 10 m.S.S. W.Padua, Pop. 9,000. Monserral. See Montserrat. Monson, p-t. Hampden co. Mass, on the line of Connecticut, 17 m. E. Springfield, 72 W. S. W. Boston. Pop. 2,126. It contains 2 churches, 1 for Congregationalists and 1 for Baptists, a well en- dowed and flourishing academy with which is connected a large boarding house. Here are also 2 cotton factories and a woollen factory. There is a handsome village in the centre of the town. Monsoria, edifice on the W. coast of Morocco, erected as a refuge for travellers, 25 m. S, Rabat. Montabaur, t. Germany, in Nassau, 14 m. E. Coblentz. Pop. 1,700. Montagnac, t. France, in Herault, 21 m. W. S. W. Montpelicr. Pop. 2,700. Montugnana, t. Austrian Italy, 20 m. S. W. Pa- dua. Pop. 6,200. Montague, t. Greenville co. Up. Canada. Montague, p-t. Franklin co. Mass, on the E. side of Connecticut river, opposite Greenfield, with which it is connected by a bridge. 18 m.N. North- ampton, 90 W. Boston. Pop. 1,074. Montague, t. Sussex co. N. J. on the Delaware. Pop. 964. Montague, p-v. Essex co. Va. Montague, Cape, cape in Hudson's bay. Lon. 88 W. Lat. 66 N. Montague Island, isl. near the N. VV. coast of America, at the W. side of the entrance into Prince William's sound. Lon. 147 to 148 W. Lat. 59 50 1 to 60 30' N. Montague's Island, small isl. in the Florida stream. Lon. 81 45' W. Lat. 24 42' N. Montagut, t. France, in Upper Garonne, 22 m. S. E. Toulouse. Pop. 1,200. Montaigu, t. France, in La Vendee, 16 m. S. S. E. Nantes. Pop. 1,100. Montaigut, t. France, in Lot-and- Garonne, 28 m. N, W. Montauban. Pop. 4,100. Montaigut, t. France, in Puy-de-Dome, 27 m. W. N. W. Clermont. Pop. 1,500. Montalcino, t. Italy, in Tuscany, 45 m. S. S. E. Florence. Pop. 2,700. Montalto, t. Italy, in the Ecclesiastical state, 55 m. N. W. Rome. It is the name of another town in the Ecclesiastical state, 40 m. S. Ancona ; and of one in Naples, in Calabria Citra, 10 m. N. N. W. Cosenza. Pop. 4,600. Montalvan, t. Spain, in Arragon, 40 m. S. E. Daroca. Montahao, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 108 m.N. E. Lisbon. Lon. 7 12' W. Lat. 39"' 30' V. Monlanches, t. Spain, in Estremadura, 17 m. N. Merida. Mont a Peine, fief, Hertford co. Lower Canada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 7 m. E. Que- bec. Montaran Islands, small islands in the Eastern seas. Lon. 108 30' E. Lat 2 27' S. Montargis, t. France, in Loiret, 40 m. E. by N. Orleans. Lon. 2 48' E. Lat. 48 59' N. Pop. 6,400. Montarin, v. France, in Gard, 12 m. N. Nismes. Pop. L500. Montarville, seigniory, Kent co. Lower Canada, 10 m. E. Montreal. Montastruc, t. France, in Upper Garonne, 12 m N. E. Toulouse. Pop. 1,200. Montauban, t. France, cap. of Tarn-and-Ga- ronne, on the Tarn. It is a regular and well built town. Its celebrated Protestant univer- 484 M O N sity. suppressed in 1629, was re-established by Bonaparte in 1810, and has four professors of theology. It is here, at Strasburg, and at Gene- va, that the young clergy of the French Protes- tant church are educated. The manufactures consist of silk stuffs and stockings, linen, serge, ami other woollen stuffs. It is the see of a bishop, restored in 1817. 30m. N. Toulouse. Lon. 1 20'45"E. Lat. 44 0' 55" N. Pop. 24,600. Montauban, t. France, in Ille-and-Vilaine, 5 m. N. VV.Montfort. Pop. 2,800. Montaud, t. France, in Arriege, 12 m. N. W. Mirepoix. Pop. 1,300. Another, in Loire, 9m. S. St. Etienne. Pop. 2,600. Montaudain, t. France, in Mayenne, 18 m. W. N 7 . W. Mayenne. Pop. 1,500. Monlauk Point, the eastern extremity of Long island, N.Y. in Easthampton. A light-house was erected here by the national government, in 1796, at the expense of $25,000. Lon.72 W. Lat. 414'N. Montault, t. France, in Landes, 6 m. W. S. W. St. Sever. Pop. 1,500. Montay, t. Switz. in Valais, 4 m. N. N. E. St. Maurice. Montbart, t. France, in Cote d'Or, 34 m. N. W. Dijon. Pop. 2,200. Montbellet, v. France, in Saone-and-Loire, 11 m.N. Macon. Pop. 1,700. Montbelliard, t. France, in Doubs. It has man- ufactures of cotton stuffs and caps ; also of watch- es. Pop. 3,700. 10 m. S. S. W. Befort. Mont-Blanc, the loftiest mountain of Europe, situated in Savoy, between the vallies of Cha- mouni and Entreves, in Ion. 6 44' 37'' E. Lat. 45 41'52'N. Its elevation is between 15,000 and 16,000 feet. The following measurements, partly trigonometrical, partly barometrical, are reckon- ed the most accurate : by M. Deluc, 15,300 feet above the level of the sea ; sir George Schuck- burgh, 15,400 ; M. Pictet, 15,520 ; M. Saussure, 15,670 ; M. Tralles, 15,780. The view from the top of Mont-Blanc is immense, extending to a dis- tance of more than 150 miles around. Montboissiers, v. France, in Puy-de-Dome, 14 in . S. E. Issoire. Pop. 1,600. Monlbrison, t. France, cap. of Loire, 40 m. S. S. W. Lyons. Pop. 5,200. Montbran, t. France, in Two-Sevres, 6 m. E. Thouars. Pop. 1,300. Montcenis, t. France, in Saone-and-Loire, 12 m. S. Autun. Pop. 1,100. Montchamps, t. France, in Calvados, 1 1 m. N. E. Vire. Pop. 1,600. Montcoutant, t. France, in Two-Sevres, 20 m. W. by N. Parthenay. Pop. 1,800. Mont Dauphin, t. France, in Upper-Alps, 16 m. S. Briancon. Mont de Marsan, t. France, cap. of Landes, near the confluence of the Mi and the Douze, 72 m. S. Bourdeaux. Pop. 4,500. Montdidier, t. France, in Somme, 18 m. S. E. Amiens. Pop. 4,200. Mont d'Or, a lofty mountain of France, in Puy- de-Dome, belonging to the Auvergne chain. Height 6,700 feet. 25 m. S. W. Clermont. Mont Doubleau, t. France, in Loir-and-Cher, 30 m. N. N. W. Blois. Pop. l,8dO. Montdragon, t. France, in Vaucluse, 11 m. N. N. W. Orange. Pop. 1,800. Monte Agudo, t. Spain, in Old Castile, 16 m.N. E. .Medina Celi. Monte Alegre, t. Portugal, ia Traa-lo8-Monte, 16m.W. Chaves. M O N Montebello, t. Austrian Italy. It was the scene of an engagement between the French and Aus- trians in September 1796, 20 m. E. N. E. Verona. Pop. 1,500. Monfebourg, t. France, in Calvados, 4 m. S. E. Valognes. Pop. 2,400. Montecalvo, t. Naples, in Principato Ultra, 10 m. E. N. E. Benevento. Pop. 4,500. Monte Castello, t. Sardinia, on the Tanaro, near Alessandria. Monte Castcllo, t. Italy, in the States of the Church, 18 m. W. by N. Spoleto. Monttcchio, t. Italy, in the Ecclesiastical State, 22 m. S. S. W. Ancona. Montecchio, t. Italy, in Modena, 10 m. S. S. E. Parma. Montech, t. France, in Tarn-and-Garonne, on the Garonne, 28 m. N. by W. Toulouse. Pop 2,300. Montechiaro, t. Austrian Italy, on the Chiese, 10 m. S. E. Brescia. Pop. 6,000. Monte Chiaro, t. Piedmont, 10 m. N. by W. Asti. Pop. 1,900. Monte Chiarugolo, t. Italy, in Parma, 9 m. S. S- W. Parma. Monte Christi, t. Quito, 1 10 m. N. W. Guyaquil Lon. 81 6' W. Lat. 1S. Monte Christi, cape, bay, and t. on the N. side of St. Domingo. The cape is in Ion. 71 44' W. lat. 19 54' N. Pop. of the town, 3,000. Monte Christi River. See Yaqui. Monte Christo, isl. near the N. W. coast of Ita- ly, belonging to Tuscany, 30 m. S. Porto Ferrajo, Lon. 10 18' 10" E. Lat. 42 20' 26" N. Montecucoli, t. Italy, 21 m. S. Modena. Monte del Buchon, cape, 6*n the N. W. coast of America. Lon. 239 29' E. Lat. 35 19' N. Monte de la Virgine, t. Naples, near Benevento. Monte Falco,t. Italy, in the States of the Church, 12 m. N. by W. Spoleto. Montefakone, t. Naples, 18 m. N. E. Molise. Pop. 2,400. Montefakone. t. Naples, in Prinoipato Ultra, 9 m. N. N. E. Avellino. Pop. 3,600. Monte-Fiascone, t. Italy, in the States of the Church, 50 m. N. N. E. Rome. Pop. 3,000. Monte Filippo, t. Tuscany, near the sea, 4 m. S. E. Orbitello. Monteforte,t. Naples, in Principato Ultra, 18 m. S. S. W. Benevento. Pop. 3,500. Monte-Foscoli, or Monte Fnsco, t. Naples, in Principato Ultra, 7 m. S. S. E. Benevento. Pop. 2,700. Montegaldo, t. Austrian Italy,? m. N.W. Padua. Monteglio, t. Piedmont, 20 m. W. by N. Turin. Pop. 2,600. Montego Bay, s-p. Jamaica, on a bay of the same name, on the N. coast. It is a flourishing commercial town, of about 230 houses. Lat. 77* 50' W. Lat. 1829'N. Montego Key, small isl. in the bay of Honduras. Lon. 88" 48 W. Lat. 17" 50' N. Monte Guasr.o, or Monte Ciriato, promontory, on the E. coast of Italy, near Ancona. Montegut sur Champeix, t. France, in Puy-de- Dome, 6 m. S. Clermout. Pop. 1,500. Mantyean, t. France, in Maine-and- Loire, on the Loire. Pop. 1 ,600. Monty o, t. Spain, in Old Castile, 44 m. N. E. Segovia. Pop. 1,800. Monte Leone, t. Naples, in f'alabria Ultra, near the gulf of Eufemia. It was almost entirely over- thrown by the great earthquake of 1783. It is the M O N See of a bishop. 12 m. N. N. E. Nicotera, 25 S. W. Squillace. Pop. 8,000. Monte Leone, t. Naples,in Principato Ultra, 9 m. N. Benevento. Pop. 2,100. Montelimart, t. France, in Drome, at the junc- tion of the Jabron and Roubion, on the left side of the Rhone, 50 m. N. Avignon, 100 S. Lyons. Pop. C,400. Montella, t. Naples, in Principato Ultra. Pop. 5,800. Montellier, t. France, in Drome, 6 m. E. Valence. Pop. 1,100. Montellupo, t. Italy, iu Tuscany, on the Arno, llm. W. S.W.Florence. Monteloves, city, Mexico, in Ion. 103 30' W. lat. 26 34' N. Pop. 3,500. Monte-maggiore, t. Sicily, 25 m. S. E. Palermo. Pop. 4,000. Montemagna, t. Sardinian states, 14 m. S. Ca- sale. Pop. 2,200. Montemarano, t. Naples, in Principato Ultra, 40 m. E. Naples. Pop. 1,800. Monte Mayor, t. Spain, in Salamanca, 38 m. S. E. Ciudad Rodrigo. Montemigliano, or Montmelian, t. Sardinian States, in Savoy, 22 m. N. E. Grenoble. Pop. 1,000. Montemiletto, t. Naples, in Principato Ultra, 12 m. E. Benevento. Pop. 2,100. Monte Milone, t. Italy, in the States of the Church, 5 m. W. S. W. Macerata. Montemor o JVoro, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 55 m. E. Lisbon. Lon. 8 6' W. Lat. 38 36' N. Pop. 4,000. Montemor o Velho, t. Portugal, in Beira, 108 m. N. by E. Lisbon. Lon. 8 38' W. Lat. 40 7' N. Pop. 4,000. Montenach, or Montagny, t. Switz. in Friburg, 2 m. E. Payerne. Montenegro, a mountainous district on the W. frontier of Eu. Turkey, having Albania on the S. and Herzegovina on the N. Extent, 3,000 square miles. The inhabitants, amounting to 40 ,000, are a rude and uncivilized race, much given to robbe- ry. They bear an extreme hatred to the Turks, and frequently commit depredations on them. Though included by the Turks in the pachalic of Scutari, Montenegro has for more than a century withdrawn its allegiance. Monte Negro, or Monte Neros, district in the N. part of Syria, bordering on Caramania. Montenotte, mountain, in the N. W. of Italy, 8 m. from the coast, and 20 W. Genoa. Montepeloso, t. Naples, in Basilicata, 18m. N. W. Matera. Pop. 5,800 It is the see of a bishop. Monte Reale, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, 18m. N.N. W. Aquila. Montereuu-fault Yonne, t. France, in Seine-and- Marne, at the junction of the Seine and the Yonne, 12 m. N. E. Nemours. Pop. 3,500. Monterey, t. Spain, in Galicia, 23 m. S. E. Grease. Monte-Rossi, t. Ecclesiastical State, half way Iween Rome and Viterbo. Monte Rutondo, t. Italy, in the States of the Church, on the Tiber, 1 1 m. N. N. E. Rome. lonlerrey, a bay on the W. coast of N. America, tween Capes Finos and Anno Nuevo, 22 miles apart. Lat. 36 36' N. Monte S a, t. Spain, in Valencia, 9m. W. S. W. San Fehppe. Pop. 800. Monte St. Giuliano, t. Sicily, m Val di Mazzara, 20 m. S. Trapani. Pop. 6,600. M O N 485 Montesano, t. Naples, in Principato Citra, 20 m. N. N. E. Policastro. Pop. 4,600. Monte Santo, Gulf of, gulf of the Archipelago, in Macedon. Mount Athos forms the N. E. side of the gulf. Lon. of the entrance, 24 10' E. Lat. 40 N. Monte Santo, t. Italy, in the States of the Church, 16m. S. Ancona. Montesarchio, t. Naples, in Principato Ultra, 25 m. E. N. E. Naples. Pop. 5,600. Monte Scaglioso, t. Naples, in Basilicata, 7 m. S. Matera. Monte Sirico, t. Naples, in Basilicata, 15 m. S. Minervino. Montesquiou, t. France, in Upper Garonne, on the canal of Languedoc, 16 m. S. S. E. Toulouse. Pop. 1,500. Montesquiou, t. France, in Gers, 4 m. W. N. W. Mirande. Pop. 1,800. Montesquiou de Volvestre, t. France, in Upper Garonne, 33 m. S. Toulouse. Pop. 2,800. Montevarchi, t. Tuscany, 25 m. S. E. Florence. Monteverde, t. Naples, in Principato Ultra, 50m. E. N. E. Salerno. Pop. 2,100. Monte Video, t. S. America, in Buenos Ayres, on the N. side of the river Plata, in a small bay, 20 leagues W. of Cape Santa Maria, and entirely walled round. The harbor, although shallow, and quite open to the western winds, which blow with incredible fury over the vast plains of the interior, is the best in the Rio de la Plata. The town occupies the whole of a peninsular promon- tory, that forms the eastern point of the harbor. The fortifications are to the north ; they are reg- ular works, built of stone, inclosing the whole of the peninsula. The chief trade is in hides, tallow, and dried beef. In 1817, Monte Video was taken by the Portuguese, who claim the whole country E. of the Plata. 120 m. E. N. E. Buenos Ayres. Lon. 56 14' 30" W. Lat. 34 54' 48" S. Pop. be- tween 15,000 and 20,000, consisting of Spaniards, Creoles and slaves. Monteux, t. France, in Vaucluse, 9 m. N. E. Avignon. Pop. 3,300. Montesuma, v. in Mentz, Cayuga co. N. Y. on the Erie canal, 12 m. N. W. Auburn, 96 by the canal W. Utica. Montfaucon, t. France, in Meuse, 10 m. N. Cler- mont. Pop. 1,100. Montfaucon, t. France, in Upper-Loire, 9 m. S. E. Monistrol. Pop. 1,300. Mont-Ferrand,t. France, in Auvergne, 2 m. N. E. Clermont. Pop. 4,000. Montferrat, a dutchy in the N. of Italy, forming a part of the Sardinian states, and bounded by Piedmont, Genoa, and the Milanese. Extent, 900 sq. miles. Pop. 186,JOO. Montferrier, t. France, in Arriege,9 m. E. N. E. Tarascon. Pop. 1,200. Montfoort, t. Netherlands, on the Yssel, 8 m. S. W. Utrecht. Pop. 1,900. Montfort, t. France, in Gers, 18 m. N. E. Auch. Pop. 1,200. Montfort, t. France, in Landes, 9 m. S. Tartas. Pop. 1,400. Montfort la Canne, t. France, in Ille-and-Vil- aine, 14 m. W. Rennes. Pop. 1,200. Montfort VAmaury, t. France, in Seine-and-Oise, 28 m. W. Paris. Pop. 2,700. Montfrin, t. France, in Card, 14 m. N.E.Nismes. Pop. 2,000. Montgaillard, t. France, in Arriege, 3 m. S. E. Foix. Pop. 1,000. 486 M O N Montgaillard, t France, in Landes, 6 m. E. St. Sever. Pop. 2,400. Montgiscard, t. France, in Upper Garonne, on the canal of Languedoc, 12 m. S. S. E. Toulouse. Pop. 1,000. Montgomery, county, Wales, Tjounded E by Shropshire, W. by Merioneth and Cardiganshire, S. by Radnorshire, and N. by Denbigh and Meri- oneth. Extent, 492,000 acres, or 768 sq. miles. It is estimated that there are about 60,000 acres of arable land, 180,000 in pasture, and about 250,000 in waste, including woodlands and other planta- tions. Pop. in 1811, 51,963. M'jti'g ornery, borough, Wales, and cap. of Mont- gomeryshire, is near the Severn, 26 m. S.W. Here- ford. "Lon. 3 8' W. Lat. 52 34' N. Pop. 932. Montgomery, p-t. Franklin co. Vt. 39 m. N. E. Burlington. Pop. 293. Montgomery, t. Hampden co. Mass. 10 m. W. N. W. Springfield. Pop. 604. Montgomery, co. N. Y. on Mohawk river, inclo- sed by the counties of Hamilton, Saratoga, Sche- nectady, Scboharie, Otsego, and Herkimer. Pop. 37,569. Engaged in agriculture 7,047, in com- merce 125, in manufactures 1,668. Chief town, Johnstown. Montgomery, t. Orange co. N.Y. 12m. W. New- burg, 10 N. Goshen, 70 fr. New York. Pop. 5,541. It contains an academy and 8 churches. Montgomery, t Somerset co. N. J. Pop. 2,495. Montgomery, co. Pa. inclosed by the counties of Bucks, Philadelphia, Delaware, Chester, and Berks. Pop. 35,793. Engaged in agriculture 4,646, in commerce 200, in manufactures 2,473. Chief town, Norristown. Montgomery, p-t Montgomery co. Pa. 17 m. N. Philadelphia. Pop. 751. Montgomery, t. Franklin co. Pa. Pop. 3,390. Montgomery, co. Md. on the Potomac. Pop. 16,400. Slaves 5,396. Engaged in agriculture 4,805, in commerce 46, in manufactures 396. Chief town, Rockville. At the court-house is a post-office, 15 m. from Washington. Montgomery, co. Va. S. of Botetourt co. Pop. 8,733. Slaves 1,255. Engaged in agriculture 2,205, in commerce 21, in manufactures 146. Chief town, Christiansburg. At the court-house is a post-office. Marble is found about 14 m. from the C. H. Montgomery, co. N. C. Pop 8,693. Slaves 1,815. Engaged in agriculture 2,580, in com- merce 3. Chief town, Henderson. Montgomery, co. Geo. on the Oconee, at its junction with the Oakmulgee. Pop. 1,869. Slaves 703. Engaged in agriculture 523, in commerce 5. Chief town, Vernon. Montgomery, co. Alabama, on Alabama river. Pop. 6,604. Slaves 2,655. Engaged in agricul- ture 2,400. Montgomery, co. Tennessee, on Cumberland river. Pop. 12,219. Slaves 4,663. Engaged in agriculture 3,539, in commerce 44, in manufac- tures 314. Chief town, Clarkesville. Montgomery, co. Ken. on Licking river. Pop. 9,587. Slaves 2,054. Engaged in agriculture 2,063, in commerce 20, in manufactures 236. Chief town, Mount Sterling. Montgomery, co. Ohio, on Miami river. Pop. 15,999. Engaged in agriculture 2,650, in com- merce 37, in manufactures 6 12. Chief town, Day- ton. Montgomery, t. Franklin co. Ohio. In this M O N township is Columbus, the capital oi the State Pop. 1.631. Montgomery, p-t Hamilton co. Ohio, 14m. N.E. Cincinnati. Montgomery, t. Richland co. Ohio. Pop. 704. Montgomery, co. Missouri. Pop. 3,074. Slaves 526. Engage.! in agriculture 994, in commerce 1, in manufactures 11. jykntgtmaryvilUi p-t. Gibson co. Indiana. Mon'guyon, t. France, in Lower Charente, 6 m. S !:. vlontlieu. Pop. 1,300. Monthureux sur Scone, t. France, in Vosges, on the Suone, 4 m. S. S. W. Darney. Pop. 1,400. Monticello, p-v. in Thompson, Sullivan co. N.Y. 38 m from Newbury, 22 from Delaware river. Monticello, the seat of the Hon. THOMAS JEF- FERSON, the third President of the U. States, in Albemarle co. Va. 2 m. S. E. Charlottesville. Lon. 78 48' W. Lat.38 8' N. Monticello, p-v. Fairfield co. S. C. Monticello, p-t. and cap. Jasper co. Geo. 32 m. N. W. Milledgeville. Here is an academy. Monticello, p-t. Lawrence co. and cap. of Mis- sissippi, on Pearl river, 90 m. E. Natchez. Lon. 90 W. Lat. 31 33' N. Its situation is elevated and healthy. Monticello, p-t. and cap. Wayne co. Ken. about half way between Cumberland river and the Ten- nessee boundary. It contains about 50 houses, a court-house and church. Lead has been lately found in the neighborhood. Monticello, p-v. Lawrence co. Arkansas. Montier, t. France, in Moselle, 20 m. S. Bar sur Ornain. Pop. 1,300. Montier en Der, t. France, in Upper-Marne, 12 m. S. St. Dizier. Pop. 1,500. Montieri,t. Tuscany, 18 m. S. W. Sienna. Montignac It Comte, t. France, in Dordogne, 21 m. E. S. E. Perigueux. Pop. 2,600. Montigny, t. France, in Somme, 9 m. S. by W, Montdidier. Pop. 1,000. Montigny, t. France, in Mayenne, 4 m. from La- val. Pop. 1,100. Montigny le Roi, t. France, in Upper Marne, on the Maese, 15 m. N. E. Langres. Pop. 1,100. Montijo, t. Spain, in Estremadura, near the Gua - diana, 15 m. W. Merida. Pop. 3,000. Montilla, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 18 m. S. S E. Cordova, 53 W. N. W. Granada. Pop. 6,300. Monlilly, v. France, in Orne, 2 m. S. W. Condo. Pop. 1,500. Montils, t. France, in Lower Charente, 5 m. S. Saintes. Pop. 1,500. Montevilliers, t. France, in Lower Seine, 6 m.N E. Havre. Pop. 4,000. Montjoie, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne, 12 m S. W. Agen. Pop. 900. Montjoye, t. Prussian States, 16 m S. S. E. Aix- la-Chapelle. Pop. 3,200. Montlthery, t. France, in Seine-and-Oise. 15 m, S. E. Versailles. Pop. 1,500. Montlouis, t. France, in Indre-and -Loire, 3 m. E. Tours. Pop. 3,000. Mont Louis, t. France, in Upper Pyrenees. It is regularly built, and has a citadel constructed by Vauban. 21 m. S. W. Prades. Pop. 1,100. Monllucon, t. France, in Allier, on the Cher, 55- m. N. N. W. Clermont. Pop. 5,700. Montmarault, t. France, in Allier, 22m. S. W. Moulins. Pop. 900. Montmartin en Grai^nc,t.France. i 9m.N. St.Lo. Pop. 1,200. M O N Jlfonlmarlre, v. France, immediately to the N. of Paris, on a hill which commands a great part of that city. Pop. 1,300. Montmaur, v. France, in Aude,6 m. N. W. Cas- telnaudary. Pop. 1,000. Montmedy, t. France, in Meuse, 22 m.N.Verdun, SOW. S. W. Luxemburg. Pop. 2,000. Montmarle, t. France, in Ain, on the Saone, 22 m. S. E. Belleville. Pop. 1,200. Montmirail, t France, in Marne, 33 m. S. W. Chalons sur Marne. This was the scene of an ac- tion between the French and allies, chiefly Rus- sians, 12th February 1814. Montmirail) t. France, in Sarthe, 27 m. S. E. Mamers. Pop. 800. Montmorenci, r. Canada, which falls into the St. Lawrence, about seven miles below Quebec, re- markable for its beautiful falls. The river runs in a very irregular course, through a wild and thickly wooded country, over a bed of broken rocks, till it comes to the brink of a precipice, down which it descends in one uninterrupted and nearly perpendicular fall of 240 feet. The breadth of the river at the top, from bank to bank, is only about 50 feet. Montmorency, t. France, in Seine-and-Oise, 8m. N. Paris. Pop. 1,800. Montmorency, t. France, in Aube, 23 m. N. Troyes. Pop. 1,600. Montmorillon, t. France, in La Vienne, 246 m. 9. W. Paris. Pop. 4,400. Montoire, t. France, in Loire Inferieure, 30 m. W. Nantes. Pop. 3,200. Montoire, t. France, in Loire-and-Cher, on the Loir, 9 m. S. W. Veudome. Pop. 2,300. Montolieu, t. France, in Aude, 8 m. N. W. Car- cassonne. Pop. 1,500. Montana, t. Austrian States, in Istria, 22 m. S. by E. Trieste. Pop. 1,000. Montoro, t. Spain, in Andalusia, on the Gaudal- quivir, 15 m. E. Andujar. Pop. 4,000. Montournoisy t. France, in La Vendee, 17 m. N. Fontenay. Pop. 1,800. Montpelier, a large and ancient t. in the south of France, cap. of Herault, between the rivers Mas- son and Lez. The squares are numerous, but none are spacious or elegant. The Place du Peyron is outside of the town, and is said to be the finest public walk in Europe. The view enjoyed from it extends to the S." W. as far as the Pyrenees. Water is conveyed to the town from a distance of three leagues by a magnificent Roman aqueduct, composed of three rows of arches. Montpelier has long been the seat of a celebrated university, particularly famous for its school of medicine. This still subsists under the name of an academy. The principal trade is in wine. A brisk trade is also carried on in verdigris, which is manufactured here in immense quantities. 32 m. W. S. W. Nis- mes, 100 W. N. W. Marseilles. Lon. 3 52' E. Lat. 43 36' N. Pop. 33,000. M'iKijielier, p-t. Washington co. Vermont, and capita] of the State, is on the N. side of Onion riv- er, at the confluence of two of its head waters. W m E. s. E. Burlington, 56 N. N. W. Windsor, 120 S. E. Montreal, 160 N. W. Boston. Lon. 72 K>' W. Lat. 44 17' N. It is surrounded by hills, is a great thoroughfare, the travel going through it m all directions. It contains a state- house, court-house, Jail, and an academy. Pop. M O N 487 Montpelier, the eat of the Hon. JAMES MADI- sow, the fourth President of the U. States, in Or- ange co. Va. 20 m. N. E. Monticello. Montpelier, p-v. Richmond co. N. C. Mont-Perdu, a very lofty mountain in the Py- renees, on the frontier between France and Spain. It has a double summit, of which the higher is com- puted at 10,700 feet, the second at 10,400. Montpeyroux, t. France, in Herault, 14 m. E. S. E. Lodeve. Pop 3,000. Montpesat, t. France, in Tarn-and-Garonne, 14 m. N. N. E. Alontauban. Pop. 2,700. Montpezat,t. France, in Ardeche, 22 m.W. Pri- vas. Pop. 2,400. Montpincon, t. France, in La Manche, 6 m. E. Coutarices. Pop. 2,400. Montpont, t. France, in Saone-and-Loire, 8 m. S. S. W. Louhans. Pop. 2,200. Montport, t. France, in Dordogne, 30 m. S. W. Perigueux. Pop. 1,300. Mont Pulciano, t. Tuscany, the see of a bishop. The wine made here is accounted the best in Tus- cany. 50 m. S. S. E. Florence. Pop. 7,300. Montreal, t France, in Aude, 9 m. W. Carcas- sonne. Pop. 3,200. Montreal, t. France, in Gers, 7 m. W. Condom, Pop. 1,800. Montreal, t. Spain, in Arragon, 26 m. N. Alba- racin. Montreal, t. Lower Canada, on the S. side of the island of Montreal, in the river St. Lawrence, the second town of the province in size, but the first in commercial importance. The houses are, for the most part, built of a greyish stone, many of them large, handsome, and in a modern style. Sheet iron or tin is the universal covering of the roofs. Among the public institutions, are the Ho- tel Dieu, established in 1644, for the purpose of administering relief to the destitute sick, and con- ducted by a superior and 36 nuns, who attend and nurse the patients ; the convent of Notre Dame, composed of a superior and 60 sisters, for the in- struction of females in all the necessary branches of their education ; the general hospital, or con- vent of the Grey Sisters, a refuge for invalids and the aged poor. The cathedral church in the Place d'Armes, is a large substantial stone building, in which no great taste is displayed, the height not being in due proportion. The seminary of St. Sulpice is a very respecta- ble institution, established by the French in 1657; it has several able professors, and a considerable number of students. A new college has been re- cently erected, as s an appendage to the seminary, at an expense of more than 10,000/. There is no English college in Canada, but a foundation for one has been laid by the Hon. James M'Gill, who died in 1814, and bequeathed 10,000/ besides a handsome real estate, for endowing a college, pro- vided it should be erected in 10 years. The court-house in Notre Dame-street, is a plain hand- some building. At the upper end of the new market place is a handsome monument erected in honour of lord Nelson. Montreal is the grand depot of the N. W. com- pany, whose fur trade is of vast extent, and impor- tance. It is also the channel through which is carried on the commerce between Canada and the United States. The harbor is not large but always secure for shipping. The general depth of the water is from 3 to 4^ fathoms, with very good an- chorage every where between the Market-gate inland and the shore. The greatest disadvantage 483 M O N to this harbor is the rapid of St. Mary, about a mile below it, whose current is so powerful, that without a strong north-easterly wind, ships cannot stem it, and are sometimes detained even for weeks, about two miles only from the place where they are to deliver their freight. The town was taken by the English, under the command of Gen. Amherst, in the year 1760. In 1775, it was taken by the Americans, under Gen. Montgomery, but soon after evacuated. 120 m. S. W. Quebec, 220 N. by W. Boston, 286 N E. Niagara. Lon. 73 35' W. Lat. 45 31' N. Pop. in 1815, 15,000; and in 1822, 18,767 of whom 6,877 are Eng- lish. Montreal, isl. Lower Canada, at the confluence of the Grand or Ottawa river with the St. Law- rence. It forms the county of Montreal, and is of a triangular shape, 32 miles long by 10 broad. The riviere de Prairie separates it on the N. W. from the Isle Jesus. The soil is highly productive in grain of every species, vegetables and fruits of various kinds. Montreal, a district of Lower Canada, bounded N. E. by the district of Three Rivers, S. by the states of New- York and Vermont, S. W. by Upper Canada and the Grand or Ottawa river. It con- tains the counties of York, Effingham, Leinster, Warwick, Huntingdon, Kent, Surry, Bedford, Richelieu, and Montreal. Montreal Bay, bay, Canada, on the E. side of Lake Superior. Lon. 84 50' W. Lat. 47 10' N. Montreal, r. N. W. Territory, which flows into Lake Superior, 63m. W. of the mouth of the On- tanagon. It interlocks with the Chippeway, and Ouisconsin, branches of the Mississippi ; but the connexion is interrupted by long portages. About 800 yards from its mouth it has falls where the whole descent is 60 or 90 feet, and the descent at the last fall is 40 feet perpendicular. The S. W. fur company have a post at Lake Flambeau near the source of this river. Montredon, t France, in Tarn, 28 m. S. E. Cas- tres. Pop. 2,500. Montrejeau, t. France, in Upper Garonne, at the conflux of the Neste and Garonne, 9 m. E. St. Gaudens. Pop. 2,500. Montrevaux, t. France, in Maine-and-Loire, on the Loire, 13m. N. N. W. Chollet. Pop. 1,000. Montrevel, t. France, in Ain, 12 m. N.W. Bourg. Pop. 1.300. Montreuil, t. France, 20 m. S. E. Boulogne. Pop. 3,400. Montreuil, t. France, 6 m. E. Paris. Pop. 3,200. Montreuil Bellay, t. France, in Maine-and-Loire, 12 m. S. W. Saumur. Pop. 1,600. Monlreuil hors Viroflay, v. France, in Seine-and- Oise, near Versailles. Pop. 1,700. Montreuz, v. Switz. in Vaud, 4 m. E. Vevay. Monlrichard, t. France, in Loir-and-Cher, on the Cher, 15 m. S. Blois. Pop. 1,800. Montricoux, t. France, in Tarn-and-Garonne, 15 m. E. by N. Montauban. Pop. 1,300. Montrigaud, t. France, in Drome, 12 m. N.N.E. Romans. Pop. 1,400. Montrol Savart, t. France, in Charente, 14 m. E. Confolens. Pop. 3,400. Montrose, a royal burgh and seaport, Scotland, near the mouth of the South Esk, on a flat sandy peninsula, formed by the river and the German ocean. The harbor of Montrose is very deep and commodious, and fine quays have been lately erec- ted. In 1819, the amount of registered shipping at this custom-house was 147 vessels, 12,058 tons, and M O N 900 meu. These are chiefly employed in the coast- ing and Baltic trade, and several in the whale fish- ry. The principal manufacture is linen ; and the sheeting and sailcloth manufactures are carried on to a great extent. The salmon fishing has long been carried on ; and of late years that of cod has greatly increased. But the most important branch of the export trade of Montrose is corn. 12 m. N. Arbroath, and 37 S. Aberdeen. Lon. 2 10' W. Lat. 56 34' N. Pop. 8,000. Montrose, p-t. and cap. Susquehannah co. Pa. Montrose, L Cumberland co. N. C. Montrottier,t. France, in Rhone, 17 m. W. Ly- ons. Pop. 1,600. Monlrouis, t. St. Domingo, at the head of the Bight of Leogane, 5 leagues S. E. St. Mark, 15 N. W. Port au Prince. Monts, t. France, in Loir-and-Cher, 6 m. S. E. Blois. Pop. 1,700. Mont St. Jean, hamlet, Netherlands, very near the scene of the battle of Waterloo. Mont St. Jean, t. France, in Sarthe, on the Sarthe, 9 m. E. Beaumont le Vicomte. Pop. 2,000. Mont St. Michel, v. France, in la Manche, 6 m S. W. Avranches. Lon. 1 30' 25" W. Lat. 48 38' 14" N. Pop. 250. Mont St. Sulpice, v. France, in Yonne, 6 m. S. W. St Florentine. Pop. 1,000. Montsauche, t. France, in Nievre, 14 m. N. E. Chateau-Chinon. Pop. 1,300. Montsaugeon, t. France, in Upper Marne, 17 m* S. Langres. Montserado. See Mesurado, Cape. Montserrat, or Monserrat, mountain, Spain, in Catalonia, remarkable for its hermitages, and a rich monastery of Benedictines. It is about 24 miles in circumference, and consists of an assemblage of conical hills, rising above each oth- er and attaining a height of more than 3,000 feet above the level of the sea. 28 m. N. W. Barce- lona. Montserrat, isl. West Indies, 9 miles long, and containing 30,000 acres, of which almost two- thirds are very mountainous, or very barren. It belongs to the English, and contains 11,000 inhab- itants, of whom 10,000 are blacks. As to its cli- mate, soil, animals, and commei-ce, it resembles the other English Caribee islands. Lon. 6 1 6' W. Lat. 16 45 N. Montscstin, t. Piedmont, 3 m. S. E. Crescentino. Mont Severoux, v. France, in Isere, 9m. S. E. Vienne. Montsoreau, t. France, in Maine-and-Loire, on the Loire, 14 m. E. S. E. Saumur. Pop. 800. Montville, p-t. Lincoln co. Maine, 30 m. N. E. Wiscasset. Pop. 1,266. Montville, t. New-London co. Ct on the W. bank of the Thames, 7 m. above its mouth, 35 fr. Hartford. Pop. 1,951. It contains 3 houses for public worship. Montuosa, small isl. in the Pacific, near the coast of Mexico. Lon. 83 36' W. Lat. 8 15' N. Monument, bay,on the E. coast of Massachusetts bay, in Plymouth county. Monyoro-kerek, or Ebraun, t. Hungary, 76 m. S. Vienna. Monsa, anciently Modoetia, t. Austrian Italy, on the Lambro. One of its churches contains, among other curiosities, the iron crown of the kingdom of Lombardy. Charlemagne was crowned here with it in 774. Bonaparte followed this example in 1805. 8m. W.Milan. Pop. 10,600. MOO tonsambano, t. Austrian Italy, on the Mincio. :ra.N. N. W. Mantua. Monsmgen, t. Germany, in Hesse-Homburg, 14 m. W. Creutznach. Pop. 800. Monson, t. Spain, in Arragon, on the Ciaca, 8 m. S. Barbastro. Pop. 3,200. Moodgul, district, Hind, in Bejapore, between 16 and 17 N. lat and on the S. side of the Krish- na river, belonging to the Nizam. Moodus, small r. Middlesex co. Ct. which flows into Salmon river. About 2 miles from its source is a perpendicular fall of 70 feet. Mooers, t. Clinton co. N. Y. bordering on Cana- da. Pop. 311. Mooltan, or Moultan, a province of Hind, be- tween 28 and 31 N. lat. bounded N. by Lahore and Cabul, W. by Baloochistan, S. by Ajmeer- and Sinde, and E by Lahore and Ajmeer. The northern and eastern districts of this province are extremely fertile, being watered by the rivers of the Punjab To the west^of the Indus it is sterile. The nabob of Mooltan is obliged to pay tribute to the Afghans, Seiks, and rulers of Sinde. The population consists of Afghans, Jats, and other Hindoo tribes. Mooltan, the capital of the above-mentioned province, is about 4 m. S. E. of the Chenab, or Acesinies river. It is surrounded by a fine wall, forty feet high, with towers at regular distances, and four miles in circumference. It is famous for its silks and carpets. Here are 2 tombs of Ma- hometan saints, which are visited annually by ma- ny thousands of pilgrims frern all parts of ludia. Lon. 71 19' E. Lat. 30 35' N. Moon,t. Alleghany co. Pa. Pop. 2,014. Moon, t. Beaver co. Pa. Pop. 826. Moon, Mountains of the. See Kumri, Gebel. Moor, t. Hungary, 15 m. N. N.W. Stuhl-Weis- semberg. Pop. 2,500. Moorburg, v. Germany, 6 m. S. W. Hamburg, on the opposite bank of the Elbe. Pop, 1 ,650. Moordreght, v. Netherlands, 9 m. N. E. Rotter- dam. Pop. 1,600. Moore, t Northampton co. Pa. Pop. 1,645. Moore, co. N. C. Pop. 7,128. Slaves 1,296. Engaged in agriculture 1,809, in commerce 15, in manufactures 82. Chief town, Alfordstown. At the court-house is a post-office. Mooreland, t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop. 1,692. Mooresbo rough, p-v. Rutherford co. N. C. Moorexfield, or Mooreslown, p-t. Burlington co. N. J. 13 m. E. Philadelphia. Moorfield, p-v. Nicholas co. Ken. Moorjield, v. Harrison co. Ohio, 11$ m. S. W. Cadiz. Moorfield, t. Clark co. Ohio. Pop. 783. Moor/ields, t. and cap. Hardy co. Va. on the S. branch of the Potomac, 25 m. S. S. W. Romney, 180 N. W. Richmond. Moorghur t t. Hind, in Bejapore, 15 m. N. W. Darwar. Moorja, t. Africa, in Bambarra, 130 m. E. Sego. Moorley, t. Bengal, in Jessore. Lon. 89 15' E. Lat. 23* T N. Moorleydurserai, t. Hind, in Acrra. Lon. 78 40' E. Lat. 27 1' N. Moors, a people of the Barbary States, who are the ruling people of that country, and constitute the mass of the population in all the cities. The term Moor is very vaguely applied, but is gene- rally understood to mean that portion of the Ma- hometan population of Northern Africa, who have adopted a settled mode of life. 62 M O R 489 Moorsan, fort, Hind, in Agra, 10 m. W. by S. Hatrass. Moorsburg, p-v. Hawkins co. Ten. Moorsele, v. Netherlands, 14 m. E. Ypres, 26 S. Bruges. Pop. 3,900. Moorshedabad, city, Bengal, and formerly capi- tal of that province, is on the E. bank of the Bha- girutty river, about 120 miles above Calcutta. This town is still the residence of the nabob of Bengal, and also of the British civil establishment. It carries on a very considerable trade, principal- ly in silk, both raw and manufactured. Lon. 89 15' E. Lat. 24 ll'N. Moorslede, t. Netherlands, in West Flanders, 8 m. N. E. Ypres, 22 S. by W. Bruges. Pop. 5,000. Moose, isl. Maine, in Passamaquoddy bay, on which is the town of Eastport. Moose, small r. Lower Canada. It is one of the head waters of the St. Francis. Moose, r. N. H. which joins the Androscoggin, in Durand. Moose, r. N. Y. which runs into the E. side of Black river. Moosehead, lake, Maine, the source of the E. branch of Kennebeck river. It is said to be 60 miles long. Mooschillock, mt. N. H. in Coventry. Accord- ing to the measurement made by Capt. Partridge, the N. peak is 4,636 feet above the level of the sea. Moosers, p-v.. Tuscarawas co. Ohio. Moosso, t. S. Africa, N. of Leetakoo, said to contain from 10 to 12,000 inhabitants. Moos Tag, a branch of the Himaleh mountains, Asia, which extends in a N. W. direction along the eastern and northern borders of Little Tibet, and connects itself with the Belur Tag. Moosup, r. which rises in R. I. and joins the Quinebaug, in Plainfield, Ct. Mootapilly, t. Hind, in Guntoor, at the mouth of a river which falls into the bay of Bengal. Lon. 80 10' E. Lat. 1535'N. Mootypolliam, t. India, 5 m. S. Cuddalore. Mopeha. See Howe's Island. Moquehua, a province of Peru. Moquehua, the capital, is at the foot of the Andes, 70 m. S. Arequipa. Lon 70 48' W. Lat. 17 13' S. Pop. 6,000. Moqueson gap, p-v. Scott co. Va. Mora, t. Piedmont, 7 m. S. W. Alba. Pop. 2,800. Mora, r. Germany, which falls into the Oppa, near Troppau. Mora, t. Spain, in New Castile, 20 m. E. S. E. Toledo. Mora, t. Spain, in Catalonia, on the Ebro, 23 m. N. Tortosa. Morad, r. Armenia, which rises in about 38 40' N. lat. and 43 30' E. Ion. and flowing westward, joins the N. branch of the Euphrates, near Keb- ban, in Mount Taurus. Moradabad, t. Hind, in Delhi. Lon. 78 45' E. Lat. 28 52' N. Moradabad, t. Hind, in Ajmeer. Lon. 75 28' E. Lat. 26 40' N. Morainville, v. France, in Calvados, 11 m. E. by N. Lisieux. Pop. 1,000. Moraisa, s-p. Africa, 24 m. E. S. E. Tunis. Morales, t. New Granada, on the Rio Magdale- na. Lat. 8 15' N. Moranne, t. France, in Maine-and-Loire, on the Sarthe, 5 m. N. Chateauneuf. Pop. 1,900. 490 M O R Morano. t. Piedmont, on the Po, 5 m. W. N. W. Oi?alc. Moranl Bay, on the S. coast of Jamaica. Lon. 76 W. Lat 17 54' N. Mo rant Point, or East Point, cape, on the E. coast of Jamaica. Lon. 76 52' W. Lat. 17 56' N. Morant Keys, or Ranas, small islands in the Ca- ribbean sea, 36 m. S. E. Jamaica. Lon. 75 40' W. Lat. 17 35' N. Moraria, Cape, Spain, on the coast of Valencia. Lon. 1'VV. Lat. 38 40 N. Moral. See Murtcn. Morutalla, t. bpain, in Murcia, 50 m. W. N. W. Murcia. Pop. 6,000. Morara, or The March, r. Austrian States, in Moravia, which rises in the mountains between Bohemia and Moravia, and separating Hungary from the country below the Enns, falls into the Danube above Presburg. Morava, t Eu. Turkey, in Romania, 40 m. N. N. W. Nizza. Moravia, a province of the Austrian empire, bounded E by Hungary, S. by Austria proper, N. and W. by Bohemia. Including Austrian Silesia, which is now annexed to it, it contains 12,122 sq. miles, and 1,688,252 inhabitants. Of these, 1,840 sq. miles, and 347,000 inhabitants, belong to Sile- sia. The soil of Moravia is, in general, of great fertility, particularly in the south. Little corn, however, is raised for exportation. Flax is culti- vated in considerable quantities. In certain fa- vourable situations, the soil and climate are well adapted to the grape. The most productive mines are those of iron and lead. The inhabitants are of three races; Germans, Sclavonians, and Jews. The latter amount to only 30,000. The Roman Catholic religion is the most prevalent. The Protestants were formerly numerous, but being persecuted, were compelled to emigrate, and, when Joseph II. proclaimed liberty, of worship, the re- maining Protestants were found to be only 12,000 Calvmists, and 11,000 Lutherans. Moravia has, like the other provinces of the Austrian empire, an assembly of states or representatives, but their influence is little more than noininal. This prov- ince has recently made a very considerable pro- gress in manufactures. Woollen, linen, and cot- ton goods are all made here on a large scale. Ma- chinery on the English plan has of late come into extensive use. Moraricsa, v. Austrian States, 32 m. E. Fiume. Pop. 1,250. Morawa, large r. in the N. W. of Eu. Turkey, which falls into the Danube, considerably to the east of Belgrade. Morayshire, or Elginshire, co. Scotland, bound- ed N. by the Moray frith, E. and S. E. by Banff- shire, S. W. by Inverness -shire, and W. by Inver- ness and Nairn. It is 42 miles long, and about 20 broad. Moray, or Murray Frith, a large inlet of the Ger- man ocean, on the E. coast of Scotland. Morbegno, or Morben, t. Austrian Italy, 12 m. S. by E. Chiavenna, 26 N. Bergamo. Pop. 2,400. M>ifbtke,v. Netherlands, 12 m. N. Ghent. Pop. 2,300. Morbihan, a department in the N. W. of France. Extent, 2,800 sq. miles. Pop. 403,500. Vannes is the capital. Morcone, t. Naples, 19 m. S. S. E. Molise. Pop. 4,600. M O R Mordelles, t. France, in Ille-and Vilaine, 9 m. W. Rennes. Pop. 2,300. Mordy, t. Poland, 10m. E. by N. Siedlec. Mordyk, or Moerdyk, v. Netherlands, in North Brabant, 4 m. N. E. Klundert, 10 N. N. W. Breda. Morea, the ancient Peloponnesus, an extensive peninsula of Eu. Turkey, united to the rest of Greece by a narrow neck of land called the Isth- mus of Corinth. Extent, 13,500 sq. miles. The roast abounds with fine bays and harbors. The interior still presents to the eye of the traveller the same picturesque beauty, the same fertility of soil and mildness of climate, for which it was re- markable in the days of ancient Greece. The gen- eral aspect of the country is mountainous ; but its surface is intersected by a number of beautiful plains and extensive vallies. The trade is incon- siderable, the total exports not exceeding in value 300,000. They consist chiefly of corn, wine, oil, cheese, but particularly of currants, of which about 80,000 cwt. are said to be shipped annually. The population is about 400,000. Of these, four- fifths are Greeks, and the remainder Turks, Alba- nians, and foreigners. Moreau, p-t. Saratoga co. N. Y. on the Hudson, 16 m. N. E. Ballston-Spa, 50 N. Albany. Pop. 1 ,549. It is at the great bend of the Hudson, and here are two falls in the river, Bakers falls and Glenns falls. Moreau, r. Missouri, which runs into the S. W. side of the Missouri. Morebat, s-p. on the S. coast of Arabia. Lon. 55 4' E. Lat. 17 N. Moree, t. France, in Loir-and-Cher, 10 m. N. Vendome, 20 N. Blois. Pop. 1,000. Moreland, t Philadelphia co. Pa. Pop. 443. Mot eland, t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop. 1,890. Moreland, t. Ly coming co. Pa. Pop. 1,276. Moreland, t. New Madrid co. Missouri. Morel/, or Moril, t. Swiss canton of the Valais, near the Rhone, 5 m. N. E. Brieg. Morella, t. Spain, in Valencia, 33 m. W. N. W. Peniscola,33 W. S. W. Tortosa. Morena, small isl. in the Mediterranean, near the N. E. point of the island of Candia. Morena, Sierra, (Monies Mariana) a well known mountain chain, extending along great part of the south of Spain and Portugal, and separating the two great vallies which contain the rivers Gua- diana and Guadalquiver. It begins near the E. border of La Mancha, and running W. terminate? in Cape St. Vincent on the Atlantic. Moret, t. France, in Seine-and-Marne, 12 m. S. E. Melun. Pop. 1,700. Moreton Hampslead, t. Eng. in Devonshire, 14 m. S. W. Exeter, 185 W. by S. London. Lon. 3 C 45' W. Lat 3 40' N. Pop. 1,653. Moreton in the Marsh, v. Eng. in Gloucester, 30 m. E. Worcester, 82 N. W. London. Pop. 938. Moreton, Cape, on the E. coast of New Holland. Lon. 153 26i' E. Lat. 27 0$' S. Morelown, p-t. Washington co. Vt. on Onion riv- er, 7 m. W. Montpelier. Pop. 598. Moretta, t. Piedmont, 20 m. W. Alba, 22 S. Tu- rin. Pop. 5,200. Moreuil, t. France, in Somme, 9 m. N.W. Mont- didier, 12 S. E. Amiens. Pop. 1,500. Morey, t. France, in Jura, 10 m. N. N. E. St. Claude. Pop. 1,300. Morga. See Murghab. Morgan, t Orleans co. Vt.52 m. N. N. E. Mont- pelier. Pop. 116. MOB Morgan, t. Greene co. Pa. Pop. 1,622. Morgan, formerly Cotaco,co. Alabama, on the S. side of the Tennessee. Pop. 5,263. Slaves 858. En- -aeed in agriculture 1,155, in commerce 3, m man- ufactures tf. Chief town, Somerville. Morgan, co. Va. Pop. 2,500. Slaves 98. En- gaged in agriculture 522, in commerce 4, in man- ufactures 119. Chief town, Bath. Morgan, co. Geo. on the Oconee. Pop. 13,520. Slaves 6,045. Engaged in agriculture 4,378, m commerce 51, in manufactures 232. Chief town, Morgan, co. East Tennessee. Pop. 1,676. Slaves 46. Engaged in agriculture 475. Morgan, co. Ohio, on the Muskingum. Pop. 5,297. Engaged in agriculture 1,435, in commerce 7, in manufactures 35. Chief town, Mac Con- nelsville. Morgan, p-t Ashtabula co. Ohio. Pop. 305. Morgan, t. Butler co. Ohio, 12 m. S. W. Hamil- ton. Pop. 1,546. Morgan, t. Galliaco. Ohio, M m. N. Gallipolis. Pop. 163. Morgan, t. Knox co. Ohio. Pop. 1,087. Morgan, t. Morgan co. Ohio. Pop. 333- Morganjfield, p-t. and cap. Union co. Ken. Morgans, p-v. Muhlenburg co. Ken. Morgan's Island, small isl New Holland, in the gulf of Carpentaria. Lon. 1369'E. Lat. 13 27' S. Morgansville, p-v. Nottaway co. Va. Morganlown, p-t. Berks co. Va. Morgantown, p-t. and cap. Monongalia co. Va. on the Monongahela, 30 m. fr. Brownsville, 76 fr. Cumberland. Pop. about 500. It contains a court-house and jail, and 60 or 70 houses. Morgantown, p-v. Burke co. N. C. on the Cata- baw, 45 m. fr. Wilkes, 46 fr. Lincolnton. Morgantown, p-t. Blount co. Ten. Morganlown, p-t. Butler co. Ken. Morgantown* t. Clinton co. Ohio. Morgarten, mi. Switz. in the canton of Schweitz and Zug, known as the scene of the most celebra- ted efforts of the Swiss in defence of their liber- ties. -Morgenstern, v. Bohemia, 56 m. N. E. Prague. Pop. 1,900 Morges, t. Switz. in the canton of Vaud, on the lake of Geneva, 6 m W. Lausanne, 23 N. E. Ge- neva. Lon. 6 30' E. Lat. 46" 31' N. Morgeslel, v. Netherlands, in North Brabant, 17 m. E. by S. Breda. Pop. 1,100. Morginenval, t. France, in Oise, 6 m. S. E. Com- piegne. Pop. 1,100. Moriah, p-t. Essex co. N. Y. on lake Champlain, between Elizabethtown and Crown Point. Pop. 842. Moriere, t. France, in Vaucluse, 4 m. fr. Avig- non Pop. 1,700. Mories, t. France, in Moutbs-of-the-Rhone, 14 m. E. S. E. Tarascon. Pop. 1,600. Morin, r. France, in Seine-and-Marne, which runs into the Marne below Meaux. Moringen, t. Hanover, 10 m. N. N. W. Gottin- gen. Pop. 1 ,800. Morkowitz, t. Moravia, 21 m. S. Olmutz. Pop. 1,000. Morlaas, t. France, in Lower Pyrennees, 7 m. E. N. E. Pau. Pop. 1,700. Morlachia, a district belonging partly to Tur- key, and partly to Austria. It lies between Dal- matia and Croatia, and forms part of these prov- inces. Its inhabitants are an uncivilized tribe. M OR 491 Morlaix, t, France, in Finisterre, 5 m. from the sea, on the small river Morlaix, which forms a harbour, and by which vessels of 100 tons can come up to the town at high water. 34 m. E. N. E. Brest. Lon. 3 45' W. Lat. 48 34' N. Pop. 10,000. Morlane, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees, 12 m. N. Pau. Pop. 1,000. Morley, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 5 m. S. W.Leed?. Pop. 2,457. Mormant, t. France, in Seine-and-Marne, 6 m, E. N E. Melun. Pop 1,000. Mormoiron, t. France, in Vaucluse, 6 m. E. Carpentras, 22 N. E. Avignon. Pop. 1,600. Mornant, t. France, in Rhone, 10 m. S. S.W. Ly- ons, 16 N. E. St. Etienne. Pop. 2,000. Mornas, t. France, in Vaucluse, 9 m. N. N. W. Orange. Pop. 1,500. Morne au Diable, cape, on the W coast of II is- paniola. Lon. 72 47' W. Lat. 19 12'N. Morning ton Isle, isl. off the N. coast of New Holland, at the head of the gulf of Carpentaria. Lon. 139 49' E. Lat. 16 32' S. Morocco, an empire in the N. W. of Africa, ex- tending on the coast from Algiers to the Sahara or Great Desert ; bounded N. by the Mediterranean, E. by Algiers and Biledulgerid, S. by the Great Desert, and W. by the Atlantic. It comprehends the former small kingdoms of Fez, Morocco, Ta- rudant, and Tafilet. It is traversed through its v/hole extent by the great chain of Atlas, which runs parallel to the coast, leaving between itself and the sea a plain of 400 or 500 miles long, and from 50 to 100 broad. This plain comprises all the fertile and populous part of M orocco. The coun- try beyond the Atlas, though at first abounding in dates and affording good pasturage, becomes grad- ually more and more barren, till all vegetation is lost in the wide expanse of the Sahara The population has been variously estimated from 5 millions to nearly 15 millions. Mr. Jackson states it from the imperial register at 14,986,000, but this is believed to be extravagant. The in- habitants consist of Moors, Arabs, Brebers and Jews. The Moors are the ruling people, and con- stitute the mass of population in all the cities. The Arabs wander with their flocks and herds in the interior of the districts on the borders of the desert. The Brebers are the descendants of the ancient natives, and occupy the rocks and seclu- ded vallies of the Atlas, where they are almost in- dependent, and often break out in rebellion, rush- ing out upon the plain, and sometimes carrying their arms even to the gates of the capital. The Jews are the principal merchants, and are contin- ually insulted and most cruelly oppressed by the Moors. The government of Morocco is the most abso- lute despotism on the face of the earth. There is no check whatever upon the will of the sovereign. Life and property are disposed of according to the caprice of the moment. Some of the moaarchs have even considered an adherence to thoir en- gagements as an unlawful check upon their pow- er. " Takest thou me for an infidel," said one of them to a foreigner, " that I must be the slave of my word ?" The army consists of about 36,000 men of whom 24,000 are negro mercenaries, and 12,000 Moorish cavalry. The commerce of Morocco with Europe is al- most wholly carried on from the port of Mogodor. The most celebrated manufacture is that of mo- rocco leather. The inland trade consists chiefly 492 M O R of that carried on across the Great Desert, to Sou- dan and Tombuctoo. Morocco, called by the natives Marakasch, a city of the above empire, which, being the most usual residence of the sovereign, is considered the capi- tal, though in magnitude and population it does uot equal Fez. It was founded in 1052, and in the following century, under the reign of Ali Ben Yu- suf, it was in its highest prosperity, and has been represented as containing a million inhabitants. It is now much depopulated, and covered with the accumulated ruins of houses and gardens : nor is the population estimated by the most intelligent travellers at more than 30,000. It still retains ves- tiges, however, of its former grandeur. The tem- ples, sanctuaries and mosques are very numerous ; and some of the latter are particularly lofty and splendid. The walls are in good repair, having been strengthened, previous to the siege, by Muley Yezid,in 1792. Lon. 7 W. Lat. 30 57' N. Morokinne, orMorotinne, one of the small Sand- wich islands, between the S. W. coast of Mo wee, and the island of Tahoorowa. Lon. 233 31' E. Lat. 20 37' N. Moron, t. Spain, 33 m. E. S. E. Seville, 65 S. by W. Cordova. Morona, r. Quito, which enters the Amazon, 41 m. S. by E. San Borja, in lat. 4 33' 30" S. Morotoi, or Morokoi, one of the Sandwich isl- ands, 40 miles long, and 7 broad, 10 m. W. N. W. Mowee. Lon. 158 W. Lat. 21 10' N. Morozzo, t. Piedmont, 12 m. N. E. Coni. Morpeth, a borough and t. England, in North- umberland co. on the Wansbeck, 14 m. N. New- castle-on-Tyne. Lon. 1 40' W. Lat. 55 10' N. Pop 3,520. Morra, t. Naples, in Principato Ultra, 30 m. S. E. Benevento, and 55 E. by N. Naples. Pop. 3,300. Morriches, p-v. in Brookhaven, N. Y. on the S, side of Long Island, 72-m. from New-York. Morris, co. N. J. inclosed by the counties of Bergen, Essex, Somerset, Hunterdon and Sussex. Pop 21,368. Engaged in agriculture 2,867, in commerce 58, in manufactures 1,313. Chief town, Morristown. Morris, t. Greene co. Pa. Pop. 1,259. Morris, t. Huntingdon co. Pa. Pop. 802. Morris, t. Washington co. Pa. Pop. 1,713. Morris, t. Knox co. Ohio. Pop. 623. Morris' flats, p-v. Madison co. N. Y. Morrisloivn, t. Orleans co. Vt. 19 m. N. Mont- pelier. Pop. 726. Morristown, p-t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. on the river St. Lawrence, 2 m. below Brockville. Morrislown, p-t. and cap. Morris co. N. J. 19 m. N. W. Newark, 28 W N. W. New-York. Pop. 3,524. It contains a court-house and jail, a bank, a printing press, an academy, and 2 churches, 1 for Presbyterians and 1 for Baptists. Morristown, t. Westmoreland co. Pa. 19 m. W. Mount Pleasant. Morristown, t. and cap. Buncombe co. N. C. Morrislown, p-t. Belmont co. Ohio, 27 m. from Warren. Morrisville, v. in Eaton, Madison co. IS. Y. con- taining the court-house. Mormvittt, borough and p-t. Bucks co. Pa. on the Delaware, 1 m. below Trenton, 29 above Philadelphia. Pop. 391. Morrixrtlie, p-v. Green co. Pa. MorrisvMe, p-v. Faquier co. Va. M O R Morro de Bonifacio, cape, on the coast of Chili. Lat. 39 25' S. Morro Co6ir,cape, on the E. coast of Africa, in Zanguebar. Lat. 8 5' S. Morro Chico, cape, on the coast of Honduras. Lat. 15 35' N. Morro de Carapucho, headland, on the coast of Peru. Lat. 19 35' S. Morro de los Diabolos, headland, on the coast of Peru. Lat. 18 S. Morro Hernioso, promontory, on the coast of Cal- ifornia. Lat. 27 S2 7 N. Morro Morena, cape, on the coast of Chili. Lat. 23 10' S. Morro-morro, t. Buenos Ayres, 40 m. N. E. Co- cha. Morro de Puercos, cape, on the W. coast of Mex- ico. Lat. 7 35' N. Morro Quemado, headland, on the coast of Peru. Lat. 14 20' S. Morro de S. Josef, headland, on the coast of Pe- ru. Lat, 24 S. Murro di Voile, t. Italy, in the States of the Church, 4 m. N. Jesi, 14 W. Ancona. Mors, or Morsoe, isl. of the Lymfiord gulf, in the N. of Jutland, in lat. 56 41' N. Area, 136 square miles. Pop. about 7,800. Morsch, v. Baden, 6 m. N-W. Carlsruhe. Morschansk, t. Eu. Russia, in Tambov, on the Zna, 78 m. N. 'Tambov. Pop. 4,200. Morschen, or Morsen, Old, v. Germany, in Hesse, on the Fulda, 18 m. S. Cassel. Pop. 1,000. On the opposite bank of the river stands New Mors- chen. Pop. 1,500. Morspurg, t. Baden, on the lake of Constance, 6 m. N. E. Constance. Pop. 1,400. Morsum, v. Denmark, 18m. W. Tondern. Pop. 1,000. Mortagne, t. France, in Orne, 15 m. E. S. E. Seez, 18 E. N. E. Alencon. Pop. 5,800. Mortagne, t. France, in La Vendee, 27 m. E. S. E. Nantes. Mortagne, t. France, in Lower Charente, on the Gironde, 12 m. S. S. W. Pons. Pop. 1,300. Mortain, t. France, in La Manche, 30 m. S. S. E. Coutances, 16 E. Avranches. Pop. 2,700. Morta.ro, t. Sardinian States, 7 m. N. Lumello, 25 S. W. Milan. Pop. 2,800. Mortaro, or Martero, commonly called Mortar, small isl. of the Adriatic, on the coast of Austrian Dalmatia, N. W. of Sebenico. It is 13 miles in circumference. Lon. 15 44' E. Lat. 43 57' N. Morteau, t. France, in Doubs, 12 m. S. E. Pon- talier, 24 E. S. E. Besancon. Pop. 1,400. Mortero, or Mortori, small isl. on the E. coast of Sardinia. Lon. 9 36 26" E. Lat. 41 12* 46" N. Mortier Bank, fishing bank, near the S. coast of Newfoundland. Lon. 54 48' W. Lat. 47 5' N. Mortices Rocks, rocks, on the S. coast of New- foundland. Lon. 54 55' W. Lat. 47 N. Mortizabad, district, Hind, in Bejapour, be- tween 17 and 18 N. lat. and intersected by the river Krishna. Its chief towns are Merritch and Carrar. Mortizandgur. See Guntoor. Morion, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 3 m. N. E. Keigh- ley. Pop. 987. Mortonsville, t. Woodford co. Ken. 6 m. from Versailles. Mortori. See Mortero. Mortree, t. France, in Orne, 13 m. N. Alencon. Pop. 1,000. M O S Morty* isl. Eastern seas, 25 m. from the N. E. part of the isl. of Gilolo. It is 65 miles long, and from 10 to 25 broad. Lon. 128 23' E. Lat. 2 15' N. Mornedro. See Murviedro. Morvilliers, t. France, in Lower-Seine, 20 m. E. Neufchatel, 6 E. by N. Aumale. Pop. 1,500. Morung, district, Hind, tributary to JNepaul, in 27 N. lat. and bounded S. by Bengal. Morungen. See Mohringen. Morwara, t. Hind, in Gujerat, 30 m. S. S. W. Theraud. Morz-zuschlag, or Murs-zuscklag, t. Austrian States, 20 m. E. N. E. Bruck. Pop 800. Mosalsk, t. Eu. Russia, 55 m. W. Kaluga. Pop. 1,300. Mosambique, city and s-p. E. Africa, and cap. of all the Portuguese possessions in that quarter. These possessions were at one time truly exten- sive, at least as to the coast embraced by them, which might be estimated at two thousand miles, including the large and populous emporia of Sofa- la, Mosambique, Quiloa, Mombaca and Melinda. Most of these have been successively wrested from them, and their dominion is now bounded by Cape D^lgado on the N. and Cape Corrientes on the S. and includes no places of importance except Mo- sambique and Sofala. Mosambique is built on an island of the same name. The settlement retains few traces of its former importance. The fort, however, is strongly built, of an octagonal form, furnished with six bastions, and defended by 80 pieces of cannon. The trade has much declined, and consists now chiefly in the export of gold, ivory and slaves. The last article has been greatly di- minished by the laudable zeal with which the English have exerted themselves for the preven- tion of this traffic. The whole number now ex- ported is not supposed to exceed 4,000. Lon. 40 40' E. Lat. 15 1' S. Pop. 2,800, of whom 500 are Portuguese, 800 Arabs, and 1,500 negroes. Mosbach, t. Baden, 20 m. E. S. E. Heidelsberg, 16 N. by W. Heilsbrmm. Pop. 2,200. Mosburg, or Mospurg, t. Bavaria, on the Iser, 24 m. N. E. Munich, 9 S. W. Landshut. Pop. 1,400. Moschenizza, t. Austrian States, in Istria, on the gulf of Flanati, 3 m. S. Laurana. Pop. 2,000. Moscho, t. Dongola, in Africa, on the W. bank of the Nile, 100 m. N. W. Dongola. Moscow, a government of Eu. Russia, lying be- tween 35 10' and 38 40' E. Ion. and 54 40' and 56 30' N. lat. Area, 10,000 square miles. Pop. 1,126,000. Moscow, (in Russian, Moskva,) a great city of Eu. Russia, and formerly the capital of the empire. Including the suburbs, it is more than 20 miles in circumference. The great extent of space thus occupied is owing partly to the width ofthe streets, but more to the number of spacious courts, gar- dens, and other open spaces. The river Moskva traverses the city from W. to E. Moscow consists of four circular or semi-circu- lar divisions, each surrounding the other. 1 . The central part, containing the Kremlin and the Ki- taigorod, or mercantile quarter. 2. The Bielogo- od, or White town, extending around the central :e a half moon, and formerly encompas- nth white stone walls. 3. The Semliano- gprod, or Earthen town, much more extensive than ther of the preceding, and surrounding them oth in a circular form. It derived its name from the earthen ramparts by which it was formerly M O S 493 defended. 4. The Slobodes, or suburbs, which, to the number of nearly 30, surround the whole, and occupy a great extent of ground. The Krem- lin stands on a height, and commands a pleasant prospect over almost the whole city. Here is the ancient palace of the czars, which . escaped the the great conflagration of 1812, but was much damaged by mines sprung by the last French de- tachment, on their leaving Moscow. It is now, however, rebuilt, with improvements. Here is also the church of St. Michael, containing the tombs of the ancient czars, and the church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, in which the em- perors are crowned. The Bielo-gorod contains several of the widest streets in Moscow ; but has no remarkable public building, except the arsenal and cannon foundry. A considerable part of this quarter escaped the great conflagration. The Semliano-gorod has also wide streets, and contains from its magnitude, a large proportion of the pop- ulation of Moscow. The Slobodes, or suburbs, are mean, and look like so many detached villages, with the exception of the German suburb, which is inhabited by a number of foreign mechanics. Fires are of very frequent occurrence in this wooden built city ; and a large establishment of firemen and fire engines is connected with the police. In September 1812, at the time of the French invasion, the Russians set fire to the city, and three-fourths of it were consumed ; the Kremlin and Bielo-gorod being almost the only quarters preserved. For some time the rebuilding went on slowly : the years of 1813, and part of 18T4, were years of war Bnd heavy expense ; but no sooner was peace concluded, than the greatest ex- ertions were made to this effect, both by the gov- ernment and individuals ; and by the beginning of 1818, anew city seemed to have risen from the ruins. The Kitai-gorod, or quarter for the exchange and mercantile ware-houses ; the more extensive quarter ofthe Semliano- gorod; and even the Slobodes or suburbs, were all rebuilt before, or in the course of, that year ; and the population of Moscow was carried to nearly its former mag- nitude. The deficiency is in the palaces of the nobility ; many of these have not been rebuilt, having been on a scale by far too large for the in- come of their owners, who are now contented to live at a reduced expense on their estates in the country. The new city has wider streets, and greater uniformity in its private buildings ; but in its churches and public edifices, the Asiatic taste is still preserved. The university having been re- built in a magnificent form, by aid from the pub- lic treasury, was opened on the llth November 1818, and the former course of study resumed. The Kremlin is the great depot of the antiquities and curiosities of Moscow. Here is the tower of Ivan, which formerly contained the largest bell in the known world, its weight being above 200 tons. It fell last century, in consequence of the tower being burned, and is now considerably sunk in the earth. Moscow is the seat of an archbishop : his palace is in the Kremlin, and contains the re- galia of the empire. The churches and chapels, above 700 before the fire, are now less numerous. The population in summer does not much exceed 200,000, but in winter it is nearly 300,000, from the number of traders and the great resort of the Russian nobility. The manufactures consist chiefly of cotton, silk, linen, paper, leather, and 494 O S sugar. In regard to trade, Moscow, though at a great distance from any sea, is the great entrepot for the interior of the empire. Moscow is in a di- rect line, 397 m. S. E. St. Petersburg, 1,042 E. by N. Vienna. Lon. 37 33' E. Lat. 55 45' 45" N. Moscow, t. Somerset co. Maine, 28 m. N. Nor- ridgewock. Pop. 286 Moscow, p-v. in Leicester, Genesee co. N. Y. Moscow, t. Clermont co. Ohio, on Ohio river, 22 m. S. Williamsburg. Pop. in 1815, 100. Mosc, r. Eng. which falls into the Trent, near Croxall. Mose, isl. in the Eastern seas. Lon. 132 2' E. Lat. 6 20' S. Moselle, department in the N. E. of France, bounded partly by the Netherlands, and partly by the departments of the Meurthe and the Meuse. Flax, hemp, and rapeseed, are produced in con- siderable quantities. The mineral productions are iron and coal. Extent, 2,600 square miles. Pop. 385,949, of whom two-thirds speak German. Metz is the capital. Moselle, r. which rises in France, in Vosges, and after quitting the French territory ,forms for a short distance the boundary between Prussia and the Netherlands, traverses the Prussian province of the Lower Rhine, and falls into the Rhine at Coblentz, after a course of nearly 300 miles. Moserada, t. Austrian Italy, 8 m. N. E. Tre- viso. Moses, Point, cape on the E. side of the entrance into Bonavista bay, 5 in. S. W. Cape Bonavista Moskirch, t. Baden, 22 m. N. Constance, 56 S. Stutgard. Pop. 1,200. Moskoe, one of the Loffoden isles, on the coast of Norway. On its coast is the well known whirlpool called the Malstrom. Mosquito Key, small isle, in the Spanish Main. Lon. 82 25' W. Lat. 14 25' N. Mosquito Keys, inlets and rocks in the Spanish Main. Lon. 82 45 W. Lat. 12 47' N. Mosquitos, or Mosquito Bank, small islands near the coast of Honduras. Lon. 82 10' W. Lat. 14 30' N. Mosquito Shore, a tract of country which extends for 1,200 miles along part of the northern and the eastern shore of Honduras, and has been claimed by the British. It is a healthy country, and re- markably fertile, inhabited by the Mosquito In- dians, who are an indolent and ignorant race, but strongly attached to the British. The king is nominally a Christian, and has received an educa- tion at the expense of the British government. Moss, t. Norway, on a large bay, 38 m. S. Chris- tiana, 17 m. N. Frederickstadt. Pop. 3,000. Mossahk, or Mosalsk, t. Russia, 5G m. W. Kalu- ga. Pop. 1,300. Mossel Bay, bay in the colony of the Cape of Good Hope. Lon. 22 18' E. Lat. 34 10' S. Mossers, p-v. Tuscarawas co. Ohio. Mossula, or Marsoula, s-p. Congo, in Africa. Lat. 8 10' S. Mostar, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bosnia, 60 m N. by W. Ragusa, 70 E. Spalatro. Lon. 16 45' E. Lat. 44 N. Pop. 9,000. Motion, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 4 m. N. E. Man- chester. Mosty, t. Russia, in Grodno, 58 m. W. Novogro- dek. ' Mosul, pachalic, A. Turkey, on both sides of the Tigris, and surrounded by the pachalic of M O T Bagdad. It is small but very fertile, producing cotton, wine, silk, fruits, &c. Pop. 200,000 Turks, Curds and Arabs. Mosul, t. and cap. of the above pachalic, is on the W. bank of the Tigris. Its principal orna- ments are a college, the tomb of sheik Abdul Cassin, and the remains of a beautiful mosque. The coffee-houses, baths, khans, and bazars are also handsome buildings. The city has a stone wall and seven gates, but is in a declining state ; the wall is broken down in many places, and most of the good buildings are crumbling into ruins. The inhabitants are a mixture of Turks, Curds, Jews, Armenians, Nestorians, and Arabs. Pop. 35,000. To the north, on the opposite side of the river, is the village of Nunia, supposed to oc- cupy the site of the ancient Nineveh. Lat. 36* 21' N. Moszyn, t. Prussian Poland, 9 m. S. by W. Po- sen. Motala, r. Sweden, which flows out of Lake Wetter, and joins the Baltic at Nortkioping, after a course of 65 miles. Motapa, commonly called Monopolapa, called also Benomotapa and Mocaranga, a country ot E. Africa, including all the country in the interior from Mozambique, and extending southward al- most to the Cape of Good Hope. This territory, however, is divided into a great number of inde- pendent states, among which that of the Quiteve, or Sovereign of Motapa, ranks only as the most powerful. Very little is known about it. Motatan, r. Caraccas, which enters the E. side of Lake Maracaibo, in lat 9 45' N. Mothe, La, or La Motte, t. France, in Vosges, 3 m. S. W. Bourmont. Monlhe- Montr eval, t. France, in Dordogne, on the river Dordogne, 22 m. W. Bergerac. Pop. 2,000. Mothe St. Her aye, t. France, in Two Sevres, 18 m. E. Niort, 26 S. W. Poitiers. Pop. 2,600. Mothone. See Modon. Matters, v. Switzerland, in Neufchatel, 16 m. S. W. Neufchatel. Molir, small isl. in the Eastern seas, 24 m. S. Ternate. Lon. 127 19' E. Lat. 26' N. Motrico, s-p. Spain, on the bay of Biscay, 18 m. W. St. Sebastian. Motril, t. Spain, in Granada, with a harbor on the Mediterranean, 4 m. E. Malaga. Pop. 4,500. Motla, t. Austrian Italy, 23 m. E. N. E. Treviso, Motta, t. Austrian Italy, 3 m. S. Lodi. Motte, Isle, isl. Vt. in Lake Champlain, 2 m. W. North Hero. It is 8 miles long and 2 broad. Motte Canillac, t. France, iu Upper Loire, on the Allier, 3 m. N. E. Brioude. Pop. 2,000. Motte-Chalencon, t. France, in Drome, 20 m. S. Die. Pop. 1,200.' Moltegano, r. Austrian Italy, which runs into the Livenzaat Motta. Motte Landeron, t. France, in Gironde, 6 m. S. E. La Reolle, 32 S. E. Bourdeaux. Pop. 2 300. ^ Matter, r. France, which falls into the Rhine at Druzenheim. It is navigable for boats as far as Bischweiler. Motles Noires, promontory on the N.W. coast of France, 1 8 m. from Calais. Mottlau, r. West Prussia, which flows through the town of Dantzic, and falls into the Rodaune. Mottling, t. Austrian States, 13 m. S. E. Neu- fta.lt). M O U Mottola, t. Naples, in Terra di Otranto. It is the see of a bishop. 15 m. N. W. Taranto, 60 VV. N. W. Lecce. 'Muuchumps, t. France, in La Vendee, 24 m. N. N. VV. Fontenay le Comte. Pop. 1,750. Moudon, or Milden, t. Switzerland, in the canton of Vaud, 13 m. N. N. E. Lausanne. Moilleron, t. France, in La Vendee, 17 m. N. Fontenay. Pop. 1,200. Moujghur, t. Hind, in Ajmeer. Lon. 72 20' E. Lat. 2857'N. Moul^ The, cape, Scotland, on the E. coast of Shetland. Lon. 1 10' W Lat. 60 24' N. Moulins, t. France, cap. of Allier, on the right bank of the Allier. It has manufactures of hard- ware, in particular of scissars. 100m. N.W. Ly- ons, 225 S. S. E. Paris. Lon. 3 20' E. Lat. 46 34' N. Pop. 14,000. Moulins en Gilbert, t. France, in Nievre, 7 m. S. W. Chateau Chinon, 27 E. Nevers. Pop. 2,600. Moulins La Marche, t. France, in Orne, 9 m. S. W. L'Aigle, 18 N. E. Alencon. Pop. 900. Moulogne Islands, small islands in the Indian sea, near\he E. coast of Africa. Lat. 10 45' S. Moultonborough, p-t. Strafford co. N. H. on the N. side of Lake Winnipiseogee, 36 N. Concord. Pop. 1,279. Moungivah, t. Birman empire, in Ava, near the W. bank of the Irrawuddy. Lon. 94 20' E. Lat. 20 28' N. Mountain, t. Dundas co. Up. Canada. Mount -Airy, p-v. Surry co. N. C. Mountain Island, p-v. Scott co. Ken. Mountain shoals, p-v. Laurens co. S. C. Mount Bethel, t. Somerset co. N. J. Mount Bethel, Lower, t. Northampton co. Pa. Pop. 2,472. Mount Bethel, Upper, t. Northampton co. Pa. Pop. 2,182. Mount Carmel, t. Edwards co. Illinois, on the Wabash, opposite the mouth of White river, 24 m. below Vincennes. Mount Clemens, t. and cap. Macomb co. Michi- gan Territory, on the river Huron of St. Clair, 4 m. from its mouth, 25 N. Detroit. Mount of Cocos, isl. in the Pacific. Lon. 177 E. Lat. 16 S. Mount Desert, isl. and t. Hancock co. Maine. Pop. 1,349. The island is 15 miles long, and 12 broad. 40 m. E. Castine, 84 W. Eastport. Lat. 44 12' N. Mount Dilly, hill on the Malabar coast of Hin- dostan. Lon. 75 20' E. Lat. 12 1' N. Mount Felix, cape on the N. E. coast of Africa, at the entrance of the Arabian gulf, 40 m. W. N. \V. Cape Guardafui. Mount Holly, p-t. Rutland co. Vt. 20 m. W. Windsor. Pop. 1,157. Mount Holly, p-t. and cap. Burlington co. N. J. n Ancocus creek, 12 m. S. E. Burlington, 23 E. N. E. Philadelphia. It contains a court-house and jail, a market-house, a bank, and 2 churches. Mount hope, p-v. Orange co. N. Y. Mount hope, p-v. Shenandoah co. Va. Mount hope bay, the N. E. arm of Narraganset bay, R. I. It sets up between Tiverton and Bris- tol in Massachusetts, and receives Taunton river. Mount hope, hill, R. I. O n the W. shore of Mount hope bay, famous as the former residence of the Indian king Philip. Mount Horeb, p-v. Nelson co. Va. Mount Joy, t. Adanw co. Pa. Pop. 935. M O U 495 Mount Joy, t. Lancaster co. Pa. Pop. 1,835. Mount Morris, t. Livingston co. N. Y. Pop. 1,002. Mount Mourne, p-v. Iredell co. N. C. Mount Murray, seigniory, Northumberland co. Lowder Canada, on the N. side of the St. Law- rence, 72 m. N. E. Quebec. Mount Pilot, p-v. Sumner co. Ten. Mount Pisgah, p-v. Iredell co. N. C. Mountpleasant, p-t. Westchester co. N. Y. on the Hudson, 14 m. S. W. Bedford, 33 above New York. Pop. 3,684. Here is an academy. In this town is the village of Sing-sing. Mountpleasant, t. Adams co. Pa. Pop. 1,483. Mountpleasant, p-t. Lancaster co. Pa. Mountpleasant, p-t. Westmoreland co. Pa. 1.0 m. N. W. Washington. Pop 2,060. Mountpleasant, t. Washington co. Pa. Pop. 1,254. Mountpleasant, t. Columbia co. Pa. Pop. 673, Mountpleasant, p-t. Wayne co. Pa. Pop. 874. Mountpleasant, v. Md. in Caroline and Queen Anne counties, 1 1 m. E. Churchill. Mountpleasant, p-v. Shenandoah co. Va. Mountpleasant, t. Jefferson co. Ken. Pop. in 1816, about 500. It contains a church for Qua- kers. Mountpleasant, p-t. Jefferson co. Ohio, 20 m. S. W. Steubenville, 10 N. E. St. Clairsville. Pop, 1,421. It is a flourishing town, and contains a bank, a printing-office, and 3 churches. In the vicinity there are several flouring mills and saw mills, a paper mill, a cloth factory, and 2 ful- ling mills. Mountpleasant, t. Hamilton co. Ohio, 10 m. fr. Cincinnati, 12 fr. Hamilton. Mountprospect, p-v. Edgecomb co. N. C. Mount Richardson, p-v. Jackson co. Ten. Mount St. Bernard. See St. Bernard. Mounts Bay, an extensive bay in the English channel, near Penzance, Cornwall. Mount Sorrell, t. Eng. in Leicester, 7 m. N. Lei- cester, 102 N. W. London. Lon. 1 9' W. Lat, 52' 8' N. Mount Stephen's, p-v. Rockingham co Va. Mount Sterling, p-t. and cap. Montgomery co. Ken. It contains a court-house, jail, bank, and academy. Mount Tabor, t. Rutland co. Vt. 26 m. W. Wind- sor. Pop. 222. Mount Tirsah, p-v. Person co. N. C. Mount Tom, mt. Mass, on the W. side of Con- necticut river, near Northampton. Mount Upton, p-v. Shenango co. N. Y. Mount F'ernon, p-t. Kennebock co. Maine, 18 m. N. W. Augusta. Pop. 1,293. Mount Vernon, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 23m. S. Concord. Pop. 729. Mount Vernon, the seat of the late GEORGE WASHINGTON, the first President of the United States. It is pleasantly situated on the S. side of the Potomac, in Fairfax co. Va. where the river is nearly two miles wide ; 9 m. below Alexandria. The mount is elevated 200 feet above the level of the river, and affords a beautiful site for the man- sion house and gardens. Mount Fernon, p-t Boone co. Ken. on the Ohio, 24 m. fr. Cincinnati. Mount F~ernon, p-t. and cap. Knox co. Ohio, ou the N. bank of Owl creek, 20 m. from its mouth. It contains a brick court-house and jail, a printing office, and several manufactories. Pop. 403, 50 m, N. W. Zanesville. 496 M O W Mounti-ille, p-v. London co. Va. Mount Vintage, p-v. Edgefield district, S. C. Mount Washington, the highest of the White mountains, N. H. According to the measurement of Capt. Partridge, it I? 6,634 feet above the level of the sea. See White Mountains. Mount Washington, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 20 m. S. S. E. Lenox. Pop. 467. Mount Zion, Geo. See Sparta. Mount Zion, p-v. Union co. Ken. Mountain del Buchon, promontory on the coast of New California, which forms the S. point of the bay of Los Esteros. Lon. 230 28' E. Lat. 35 21' N. Moura, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 37 m. S. S. E. Evora, 98 E. S. E. Lisbon. Lon, 7 21' W. Lat. 38 T N. Pop. 4,000. Mourao, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 18 m. N. N. E. Moura, 96 m. E. by S. Lisbon, 32 E. Evora. Lon. 7 8' W. Lat 38 20' N. Pop. 2,200. Mouree, t. Gold coast of Africa, 5 m. N. E. Cape Coast Castle. Mouron, t. France, in Seine-and-Marne, 3 m. W. Coulomiers. Pop. 1 ,400. Moursouk, city, Africa, cap. of the kingdom of Fezzan. It is one of the greatest seats of the in- land commerce of this continent, and the rendez- vous of most of the intercourse which takes place between its northern and central regions. All this trade is carried on by caravans, the frequent arrival of which between October and February, i-ender Mourzoukthen a scene of perpetual bustle. It keeps up the communication of Egypt and Trip- oli on the one hand, with the great southern em- pires of Bornou and Cassina on the other. The number of slaves brought to Mourzouk from the interior of Africa in 1819, was 5,000. It is the state of society growing out of the slave trade, which makes travelling in Africa so dangerous. Lon. 15 35' E. Lat. 27 28' N. Mouse, r. which rises in Missouri ter. within a mile of the banks of the Missouri, and flowing into the British possessions joins the Assiniboin. Moush, t. Turkish Armenia, on a river of the same name, 84 m. S. S. E. Erzerum. Mousam, r. Maine, which flows into Wells bay, between the towns of Wells and Arundel. Moutahora, small isl. near the E. coast of New- Zealand. Lon. 193 7' W. Lat. 37 59' N. Mouthe, t. France, in Doubs, 13 m. S. W. Pon- tarlier. Pop. 1,000. Mouliers, or Moustiers, t. France, in Lower Alps, 15 m. S. Digne. Pop. 1,900. Moutiers en Tarantaise, t. Sardinian states, in Savoy, on the Isere. Near the town there is a considerable salt work. Pop. 1,900. 18 m. N. N. E. St. Jean de Maurienne, 28 S. E. Chamberry. Mouy, t. France, in Oise, 15 m. S. E, Beauvais. Pop. 3,600. Mouzon, t. France, in Ardennes, on the Maese, 14 m. N. W. Montmedy. Pop. 2,200. Mow, t. Hind, in Allahabad. Lon. 83 37' E. Lat. 25 57' N. Mowah, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 85 51' E. Lat. 25 33' N. Mowah, t. Birman empire, in Ava, on the N. bank of the Irrawuddy river. Lon. 95 25' E. Lat. 21 50' N. Mowee, one of the Sandwich islands, about 140 miles in circumference, containing 600 sq. miles. 30 m. N. W. Owhyhee. Lon. 203 40' E. Lat. 20 49' N. SOP Sandwich Island*. M U C MoxaUala, creek, Ohio, which runs into the Muskingum, 3 m. below Zanesville. Moxos, an extensive province and country of Buenos Ayres, bounded by the Portuguese gov- ernment of Matto Grosso on the E. Cuzco and the Peruvian provinces on the W. and Chiquitos and Santa Cruz on the S. It is chiefly inhabited by warlike and wandering tribes of Indians, who for- bid access to its interior. The cfimate is moist and unhealthy, owing to the inundations of the rivers and lakes with which the country is cover- ed, and epidemic fevers are frequent, which some- times destroy whole settlements. Moy, t. France, in Aisne, 9 m. S. E. St. Quentin. Pop. 1,000. Moya, t. Spain, in Cuenca, 42 m. E. Cuenca. Pop. 2,400. Moyardensing, t. Philadelphia co. Pa. Pop. 3,963. Moyaux, t. France, in Calvados, 6 m. N. E. Li- sieux. Pop. 1,300. Moyennemlle, t. France, in Somme, 5 m. S. S. W. Abbeville, 25 N. E. Amiens. Pop. 1,000. Moyenvic, t. France, in Meurthe, 20 m. N. E. Nancy. Pop. 1,400. Moyeuvre, t. France, in Moselle, 8 m. N. W. Metz. Moyobambo, or Santiago de los Voiles, t. Peru, 310 m. N. N. E. Lima. Lon. 75 51' W. Lat. 7 S. Moyowla, r. Ireland, which runs into Lough Neagh. Mozambique. See Mosambique. Mozdok, t. Russia, in Caucasus, 8 m. E. of Eka- terinograd. Pop. 3,000. Lon. 43 49' E. Lat. 43 43' 40" N. Mosgurrah, t. Hind, in Mooltan. Lon. 71 51' E. Lat. 29 48' N. Mozingen, t. Wirtemberg, 5 m. N. N. E. Reut- lingen. Pop. 900. Mozyr, t. Russian Lithuania, 150 m. S. S. E. Minsk. Mrntzen, t. Prussian Poland, 17 m. W. by N. Bromberg. Pop. 900. Mrzyglod, t. Austrian states, in Galicia, 6 m. N. N. W. Sanok. M^scheno, t. Bohemia, llm. W. Jung Bunzlau. Pop. 1,900. Msla, r. Eu. Russia, in Novgorod, which runs into the lake Ilmen, near Lipinskoi. Mslislavl. t. Russia, 60 m. N. E. Mohilev. Lon. 31 E. Lat. 53 54' N. Pop. 4,000. Mszczonow, t. Poland, 23 m. S. W. Warsaw. Pop. 1,300. Mtzensk, t. Eu. Russia, in Orel, 32 m. N. E. Orel. Pop. 5,600. Muchawiea, r. Russia, in Grodno, which falls into the Bog at Brzesc. Munchundgunge, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 85 34' E. Lat. 23 57' N. Mucidan, t. France, in Dordogne, 18 m. S. S. W. Perigueux. Pop. 1,200. Mucillac, t. France, in Morbihan. Pop. 1,800. Muck, small isl. near the E. coast of Ireland, in the north Channel. Lon. 5 36' W. Lat. 54* 5l'N. Muckealah, t. Hind, in Lahore. Lon. 72 43' E, Lat. 32 33' N. Mnrkcnsturm, t. Baden, 2 m. N. E. Rastadt Pop. 1,100. Mukondabad,t. Hind. inGundwaneh. Lon. 81 24' E. Lat. 24 15' N. Muckris Point, cape, Ireland, on the N. coast of Donegal, 6 m. W, S. W. Killybegs. M U H Muckud, t Hind, in Lahore, on the Indus. Lon. ?051'E. Lat. 3222-'N. Muckundra, t. Hind, in Malwah. Lon. 76 12 E. Lat. 24 48' N. Muckwany, district, Hind, between 26 and 27 N. lat. and bounded S. by Bahar. Mud creek, r. Ontario co. N. Y. which joins Ca- nandaigua creek in Phelps. Muda, t. Austrian Italy, 12 m. N. Feltre. Mudania. See Modania. Muddie, t. Hind, in Gujerat. Lon. 69 22' E. Lat. 22 5' N. Muddy creek, t. Butler co. Pa. Pop. 868". Muddy river, r. Illinois, which runs into the Mis- sissippi. It is navigable 40 miles. Mud Island, small isl. Pa. in Delaware river, 7 m. below the city of Philadelphia. It is well for- tified. Muddy Point, cape on the W. coast of Africa. Lat. 11 40' S. Mudge, Point, cape on an island in the gulf of Georgia, on the N. W. coast of America. Lon. 235 9' E. Lat. 50 N. Muela, t. Spain in Arragon, 12 m. S. S. W. Sar- agossa. Muganayana, t. India, in Mysore. Lon. 76 58' E. Lat. 13 8' N. Mugeln, t. Saxony, ,25 m. E. Leipsic. Pop. 1,200. Mugeres, or Mohair Key, or Man Eaters^ Island, small isl. in the bay of Honduras, near the coast of Yucatan. Lon. 87 35' W. Lat. 21 10' N. Muggia, or Muglia, t. Austrian states, in Istria, on the Adriatic, 2m. N. Capo d'Istria. Pop. 1, 100. Mugia, s-p. Spain, in Galicia, N. E. of Cape Finisterre, and 56 m. W. S. W. Ferrol. Pop. 2,000. Mugley, pass, Hind, in the mountains which di- vide Mysore from the Carnatic, 95 m. fr. Madras. Lon. 79 5' E. Lat. 13 10' N. Muglitz, r. Saxony, which falls into the Elbe, below Pirna. Muglits, or Mohelnitz, t. Austrian states, in Mo- ravia, 19 m. N. N. W. Olmutz. Lon. 6 46' E. Lat. 49 49' N. Pop. 2,500. Mugnano, t. Italy, near Naples, in Terra di La- voro. Pop. 4,000. Mugron, t. France, in Landes, 6 m. S. Tartas. Pop. 1,600. Muhl, Kreis, or Viertd, i. e. Circle or Quarter of the Muhl, one of the divisions of Lower Austria, comprising all that part which lies between the Danube and Bohemia. Extent, 1,670 sq. miles. Pop. 160,000. Muhl, r. Austria, which rises on the confines of Bohemia, flows S. and falls into the Danube. Muhlberg, t. Prussian Saxony, 12 m. S. W. Er- furt. Muhlberg, t. Prussian Saxony, on the Elbe, 34 m. N. N. W. Dresden. Pop. 1,600. Muhlburg, t. Baden, 6 m. W. Durlach. Pop. 800. Muhldorf, t. Austria, on the Danube, 46 m. W. Vienna. -Viihldorf, t. Bavaria, on the Inn, 41 m. E. by N.- Munich. Pop. 1,300. MiMcnbaeh, or Ssasz-Sebes, t. Transylvania, on the Muhlbach, 48 m. W. Hermannstadt. Pop. 4,000. Muldenbach, v. Baden, 2 m. S. S. E. Hasslach, 11 E. S. E. Lahr. Pop. 800. _.V///i/*n6urg co. Kentucky. Pop. 4,979. Slaves 675. Engaged in agriculture 1,292, in commerce 22, in manufactures 53. Chief town, Greenville. Muhlhauien, t. Prussian Saxony, in the govern- 63 M U L 497 ment of Erfurt, at the confluence of the Unstrutt and Schwemotte. It is surrounded by high walls, flanked with towers. It has breweries, distille- ries, and several manufactures, particularly the weaving of cloth, both linen and woollen, and the spinning of yarn. 29 m. N. W. Erfurt, 43 E. S. E. Cassel. Lon. 10 28' E. Lat. 51 12' 59" N. Pop. 9,400. Muhlhausen, t. East Prussia, in Konigsberg, 13 m. E. by N. Elbing. Pop. 1,600. Muhlhausen, or Mitirzko, t, Bohemia, 46 m. S. Prague. Pop. 9GO. Muhlhausen. See Mulhausen. Muhllrop) t. Saxony, in Vogtland, 10 m. W. by N. Plauen. Pop. 1,200. Muiden, or Muyden, t Holland, on the Zuyder Zee, 7 m. E. by. S. Amsterdam. Lon. 5 4' 15'' E. Lat. 52 19' 48'' N. Pop. 1,000. Muirkirk, v. Scotland, in Ayrshire, 30 m. S. Glasgow. Pop. 1,000. Mujaxar, t. Spain, in Granada, near the Medi- terranean, 39 m. N. E. Almeria, 97 E. Granada. Pop. 2,000. Muju, r. Brazil, which falls into the Amazon in the bay of Para, in lat. 1 33' S. Mulatas, small islands in the Spanish Main, near the isthmus of Darien. Lon. 78 5' to 78 3& W. Lat. 9 20 to 9 35' N. Mulatre, Point, cape, Dominica, on the east coast. Lon. 61 17' W. Lat. 15 25' N. Mulazzano, t. Piedmont, 18 m. S. by E. Alba. Pop. 2,250. Mulberry, t. Arkansas Territory, on the N. side of the river Arkansas, bordering on the country of the Osage Indians. Mulda, r. Germany, which rises among the Su- detic mountains, and joins the Elbe between Des- sau and Zerbst. Muldau. See Moldau. Mulgrave, Point, point on the N. W. shore of America. Lon. 194 51' E. Lat. 67 45' N. Mulhausen, or Muhlhausen, t. France, in Upper Rhine, near the river 111. The manufactures are very considerable, comprising printed cottons to a large extent ; also woollen and linen. 22 m N W. Bale, 28 S. Colmar. Pop. 9,500. Mulheim, t. Prussian states, in Cleves-and-Berg, on the Ro', which here becomes navigable. 15 m. N. N. E. Dusseldorf. Pop. 3,100. Mulheim, t. Prussian states, at the influx of the Stronderbach into the Rhine. 3 m. N. of Cologne Pop. 3,200. Mulheim, or Mullheim, t. Baden, 3 m. W. Ba- denweiler. Pop. 1,700. Mull, anciently called Dreolin, isl. of the -He- brides, 35 miles long, and containing 420 square miles. The island is for the most part rugged and mountainous. Grain is not cultivated to an ex- tent sufficient for the supply of the inhabitants, but the land is well adapted to grazing. The to- tal stock of sheep is calculated at 15,000. Lon. 6 W. Lat. 56 30' N. Pop. in 1810, 9,303. Mull, Sound of, arm of the sea, lying between the island of Mull and the mainland of Argyll and Inverness-shires. Mull of Galloway. See Galloway. Mullahpore, t. Hind, in Oude, on Uie Gora Lon. 81 16' E. Lat. 27 40' N. Mullen's Island, small isl. in the gulf of Mexico, near the coast of Florida. Lon. 82 55' W. Lat. 28 1' N. Mullet, peninsula, Ireland, in the county of Mayo, about 9 miles long, and 2 wide 498 M U N Mullico hill, p-v. Gloucester co. N. J. Mullicus, r. N. J. which runs into Little Egg harbor, 4 m. E. of Leeds. It is navigable 20 miles for vessels of 60 tons. Mullwgar, t. Ireland, in West Meath, 39 m. W. N. W. Dublin. Lon. 7 18' W. Lat. 53' 31' N. Mullrose, Canal of, canal, Prussia, in the prov- ince of Brandenburg, which begins at Newbruck, on the Spree, and terminates at the lake of Brie- son on the Oder. It is about 14 miles long, has ten sluises, and forms part of the great chain of in- land communication which extends from Warsaw to Hamburgh. Mullrose, t. Prussian states, in Brandenburg, 9 m. S. S. E. Frankfort on the Oder. Pop. 1,200. Mullungur, district, Hind, in Hyderabad, be- tween 18 and 19 E. Ion. Mulluria, r. Africa, which forms the boundary between the territory of Algiers and that of Mo- rocco, and after a course from S. to N. of about 200 miles, falls into the Mediterranean, in Ion. 2 G' W. lat. 34 55' N. Multnomah, or fVallaumul, large r. Oregon ter. which falls into the Columbia from the S. about 700 miles before the latter enters the Pacific ocean. The Multnomah is 500 yards wide near its mouth, and very deep. Its course, however, is but im- perfectly known, and is laid down in Lewis and Clarke's man. from a sketch drawn by an Indian with Ivs finger, in the dust. Mulwagul, fort, India, in Mysore. Lon. 78 25 E. Lat 13 10' ,\. Mumpers, p-v. Franklin co. Pa. Muncey* p-t. Lycoming co. Pa. Pop. 1,564. Muncey creek, r. Pa. which runs into the E. side of the Susquehannah, 23 m. above Northumber- land. Muncey creek, t. Lycoming co. Pa. Pop. 1,255. Munchberg, t. Bavaria, 11 m. S. S. W. Hof, 20 N. N. E. Bayreuth. Pop. 1,700. Muncheberg, or Monickberg, t. Prussia, in Bran- denberg, 33 m. E. Berlin. Pop. 1,500. Munchen-gratz, or Hradifstie, or Grediiz, t. Bohemia, on the Iser, 38 m. N. E. Prague. Pop 1,500. Munchenstein, v. Switz. 4 m. S. Bale. Mundutafal, t. Hind, in Khandesh. Lon. 76 17' E. Lat. 22 25' N. Munden, t. in the S. W. of Hanover, at the con- fluence of the Werra and the Fulda. whose united streams take here the name of Weser. It has, from its position, a brisk carrying trade, partly by land, more by water. 9 m. N. E. Cassel, 15 W. S. W. Gottingen. Pop. 4,500. Munder, t. Hanover, on the Hameln, 18 m. E. S. E Munden. Pop. 1,500. Munderar, district, Cabul, about 35 N. lat. Munderkingen, t. Wirtemberg, 20 m. W. S. W. Ulm Pop. 1,600. Mundessor, district, Hind, in Mulwuh, between 24 and 25 N. lat. Mundfordi'ille, p-t. Harden co. Ken. on Green river, 30 m. below Greensburg, 30 from Litchfield. Mundlah, t. Hind, in Gundwaneh, on the Nar- budda river. Lon. 81 10' E. Lat. 22 44' N. Munduim, t. India, in Mysore. Lon. 77 4' E. Lat. 1231'N. Muneville la Bingard, t. France, in La Manche, 5 m. N. by W. Coutanr.es. Pop. 1,600. Mungolsheim, t. Baden, 10m. N. by E. Bruchsal, 15 S. S. E. Heidelberg. Pop. 1 ,200. Mungulhaut, t. Bengal. It carries on a consiu 1 - M U N crable trade of cotton goods, c. with Bool an. Lon. 89 20' E. Lat. 25 59' N. Munsulore, t. Cabul. Lon. 71 15' E. Lat. 34* 13' N. Mungulwara, t. Hind, in Bejapore, 16 m. S. E. Panderpore. Munich, city and capital of Bavaria, is on the W. bank of the Iser. The streets are in general broad and straight, the houses are high, and ol good appearance. Among the numerous public buildings, the palace holds the first rank : it is a large edifice, plain on the outside, but in its inte- rior, magnificent. The total number of churches is 22. Among the other public buildings, are the palace of duke Maximilian, the barracks, the large hospital, the workhouse, and the new mint. The charitable institutions are numerous and lib- eral ; they were rendered effectual for the aboli- tion of mendicity, by the exertions of count Rum- ford, whose establishment for preparing and dis- tributing econpmical soup still remains. It is the seat of the higher courts of justice, and of the gov- ernment offices ; also the place of meeting of the Bavarian parliament. It is to these establish- ments that the inhabitants chiefly owe their sup- port ; for the trade and manufactures are very limited. Pop. including the suburbs, 60,024. 220 m. W. Vienna, 116 E. S. E. Stutgard. Lon. 11 35' E. Lat. 48 8' N. Munkacs, t. in the N. E. of Hungary. It has stocking manufactures, iron works, and one of the largest saltpetre works in the Austrian dominion?. 67 m. E. by S. Caschau, 173 E. S. E. Cracow. Pop. 5,000. Munnerstadt, t. Germany, 37 m. N. N. E. Wurz- burg. Pop. 1,400. Munnipore, t. Birman empire, capital of Cassav, Lon. 94 30' E. Lat. 24 20' N. Munsingen, t. Wirtemberg, 26 m. S. S. E. Stut- gard, 20 W. Ulm. Pop. 1,300. Munroe. See Monroe. Munson. See Monson. Munster, a government of the Prussian states, cotaining the N. W. portion of the province ot Westphalia. Area, 2,820 sq. miles. Pop. 316,000. It is divided into the following ten circles or dis- tricts : Munster, Tecklenburg, Wahreiidorf, Bee kum, Ludinghausen, Koesfeld, Recklinghausen., Borken, Ahaus, and Steinfurt. This government. has been made out of the former bishopric of Mun- ster and several other territories. Munster, city of the N. W. of Germany, in the Prussian province of Westphalia, formerly cap. of a bishopric, now of the government of Munster, i> on both sides of the Aa, about 6 miles from the Ems. It \vos surrounded with a double mound and a moat, until 176.5, when the water was drain- ed off the moat, and the mounds laid out in pub- lic walks and gardens. The citadel WHS also de- molished. In 1648, a treaty of general peace was concluded here, which is sometimes called the treaty of Munster and sometimes the treaty of Westphalia. 60 m. N. N. E. Du.sseldo.-f, 92 W. S. W. Hanover. Lon. 7 36' E. Lat. 51 58' N. Pop. 13,900. Munster, t. France, in Upper-Rhine, .'6 m. W. Colmar. Pop. 2,500. Munster, t. Switz. 12m. N. N. W. Lucerne. Munsttr, t. Switz. in Valais, 40 m. S. Lucerne. Munster, the S. W. province of Ireland ; bound- ed N by Connaught, E. by Leinster, S. and \V\ by the sea. It comprises six counties, viz. Clare, M U R Kerry, Limerick, Cork, Tipperary, and Water- ford. Munsler, p-t. Cambria co. Pa. Pop. 84. Munsterberg, t. Prussian states, 36 m. S. W. Breslau. Pop. 2,600. Munster, Eiffel, t. Prussian states, 24 m. S. E. Juliers, 34 N. W. Coblentz. Pop. 1,400. Muntendam, v. Netherlands, in Groningen, 8 m. W. Winschoten. Pop. 1, 100. Munzesheim, t. Baden, 5 m. E. Bruschal. Pop. 1,000. Muonio, r. Lapland, which joins the Tornea. By the treaty of 1809, it forms the boundary be- tween Russian and Swedish Lapland. Muonioniska, Oevre and Nedre, 2 villages of Russian Lapland, 150 m. N. Tornea. Lat. 68 N. Mur, t. France, in Cotes-du-Nord, 9 m. W. Loudeac. Pop. 2,100. Murach, t. Bavaria, 7 m. E. Nabburg. Pop. 2,500. Murano, t. Austrian Italy, on an island in the Lagunes, a little E. of Venice. It is the place where the celebrated Venetian glasses and mir- rors are made. Pop. 4,300. Murano, t. Naples, in Calabria, 11 m. S. W. Cassano. Muraon. See Mourao. Murat, t. France, in Cantal, 15 m. N. W. St. Flour. Pop. 2,600. Murat, t. France, in Tarn, 9 m. E. La Caune. Pop. 3,100. Murau, t. Austrian states, 28 m. W. by S. Ju- denburg, 63 W. Gratz. Pop. 900. Murassano, t. Piedmont, 25 m. N. W. Savona. Pop. 2,300. Murcia, province, Spain, on the Mediterranean, between Valencia on the E. and Andalusia on the W. Area, 8,000 sq. miles. Pop. 384,000. Its aspect is in general mountainous; its climate is very fine. The soil is in general fertile, produ- cing wheat, barley, hemp, rice, vines, olives, mul- berries, saffron; also citrons, pomegranates, and almonds. Murcia, t. Spain, and capital of the above province, on the Segura, in the midst of a large and beautiful valley. It is the see of a bishop, whose revenue is said to exceed j20,000 sterling a year. The cathedral is magnificent. Here is a refinery of saltpetre, and near the town, several powder mills, worked for account of government. The establishment for twisting silk is extensive. '106 m. S. S. W. Valencia, 140 E. by N. Jaen. Lon. 1 5' W. Lat. 37 58 N. Pop. 35,000. Murderer's Bay, bay on the W. coast of New Zealand, between Cape Farewell and Rocky Point. Lat. 40 49' S. Murderkill, hundred, Kent co. Del. Pop. 7,558. Mure, t. France, in Isere, 18 m. S. Greenoble. Pop. 2,100. Mureck, t. Austrian states, S. S. E. Gratz. Pop. 000. Muret, t. France, at the confluence of the Rheze and Garonne, 9 m. S. Toulouse. Pop. 3,200. Murfreesborovgh, p-t. Hertford co. N. C. at the head of navigation on Meherrin river, 50 m. N. nton. It is a place of considerable trade. The public buildings are an academy and a Meth- odist church, both of brick. .Vurfreeiborough, p-t. Rutherford co. Tennessee, and capital of the state, 32m. S. E. Nashville, 160 W. Knoxville. Lat. 35 52" N. Lon. 86 35' W. The surrounding country is level and very fertile, abounding with wheat, cotton and tobacco. The M U R 499 town was made the seat of government in 1817, and contains a court-house, jail, academy, bank, meeting-house,, and about two hundred houses ; and, in 1818, more than 1,000 inhabitants. Murg, r. Germany, which rises near Oppenau, and after a course of 100 miles, falls into the Rhine at Rastadt. Murg, one of the ten circles of the grand dutchy of Baden, on the river Murg. Murg, v. Baden, near the Rhine, 3 m. VV. Klein Laufenburg. Pop. 1,200. Murialto, t. Piedmont, on the Bormida, 15 m.S. E. Mondovi. Murichom, t. Hind, in Bootan. Lon. 89 23' E. Lat. 27 6' N. Murindo, r. New Granada, which joins the Atrato, 150 m. from the sea, in lat. 7 6' N. Murkutchoe, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 8545'E Lat. 24 23' N. Murnau, t. Bavaria, 10m. S. Weilheim, and 14 E. Schongau. Pop. 1, 100. Muro, t. Italy, 70m. E. Naples. Pop. 1,500. It is the see of a bishop. Muro, t. Naples, in Terra di Otranto, 6m. N. N. E. Alessano. Pop. 1,500. Murom, t. Russia, at the confluence of the Mu- romka and the Oka, 62 m. E. S. E. Vladimir. Lon. 42 16' E. Lat. 55 7' N. Pop. 6,500. Muros, t, Spain, in Galicia, 31 m. W. Compos- tella. Pop. 2,400. Murowana Goslina, t. Prussian states, 12 m. N. Posen. Pop. 1,000. Murphy's Settlement, p-v. St. Genevieve co. Missouri, on the road from St. Louis to Arkansas and Red rivers. Murr, r. Wirtemberg, which falls into the Nec- kar, near Marbach. Murr Islands, small Islands near the S. coast of Labrador. Lon. 59 8' W. Lat. 50 32' N. Murray, t. Northumberland co Up. Canada, on the bay of Quinti, at the mouth of the river Trent. Murray, p-t. Genesee co. N. Y. on Lake Onta- rio, 18 m. N.E. Batavia. Pop. 1,561. Murray bay, or Malbay, seigniory, Northumber- land co. Lower Canada, on the N. side of the St. Lawrence, 66 m. N. E. Quebec. Murray Harbour, harbour on the E. coast of the island of St. John, in the gulf of St. Lawrence. Lon. 62 20' W. Lat. 46 N. Murray's ferry, p-v. Williamsburg co. S. C. Murray's Islands, three islands in Torres straits, between the coast of New Guinea and New Hol- land. The largest is nearly two miles long. Lon. of the largest, 144 2 E. Lat. 9 54' S. Murray's mills, p-v. Westmoreland co. Pa. Murraysville, t. Alleghany co. Pa. 12 m. from Greensburg, 17 E. Pittsburg. Murraysville, p-v. Buncombe co. N. C. Murrhard, t. Wirtemberg, on the Murr, 22m, N. E. Stutgard. Pop. 1,900. Murten, in French, Murat, t. Switz. 12 m. W. Berne. Pop. 1,500. Mitrton, v. Eng. in Westmoreland, 3 m. E. N. E. Appleby. Murriedro, or Morriedro, t. Spain, in Valencia, 13 m. N. E. Valencia, and 25 S. E. Segorbe. Lon. 10' W. Lat. 39 47' N. Pop. 5,100. Murviedro, r. Spain, in Valencia, which runs into the sea below the town of Murviedro. Murviel, v. France, in Herault, 9 m. N. E. Be* zier?, 40 W. Montpelier. Pop. 1,400. 500 M IT T Mury, t. Switz. in Aargau, 4m. S. by W. Brem- garten. Murzsntsschlag, t. Austrian states, 20 m. E. N.E. Bruck. Pop. 800. Musa or Moosa, v. Yemen, in Arabia, 20 m. E. Mocha. Musberg, v. Wirtemberg, near Stutgard. Pop. 1 ,400. Musbury, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 8 m. N. N. W. Bury. Pop. 589. Muscat. See Muscat. Muscle Canal, strait on the N.W.coast of Amer- ica, leading into Carter's bay. Muscle shoals, in Tennessee river, 250m. above its mouth, and the same distance below the Suck. They extend about 25 miles ; the river spreads to the width of 3 miles, and is full of islands. The passage of the shoals is difficult, except when the river is high. Congress passed an act during the last session, for the improvement of the navigation of the river at this place. Muskanan, r. Pa. which forms the boundary be- tween Centre and Huntingdon counties, and falls into a branch of the Susquehannah. Muska, or Muskau, t. Prussian states, 52 m. N. E. Dresden. Pop. 1,400. Muskingum, co. Ohio, on the Muskingum. Pop. 17,824. Engaged in agriculture 2,775, in com- merce 59, in manufactures 454. Chief town, Zanesville. Muskingum, t. Muskingum co. Ohio. Pop. 872. Muskingum, r. Ohio which rises in Portage co. and running S. 200 miles, joins the Ohio at Mari- etta. At its mouth, it is 250 yards wide. It is navigable 100 miles to Coshocton for large boats, and for small boats, to its source, whence there is a portage of only one mile to the Cuyahoga, which runs into Lake Erie. At Zanesville, there are considerable rapids in the river. A company is formed for the purpose of constructing a canal around them. They intend also erecting on the canal extensive iron works. Muskogulges, or Muskogees. See Creeks. Muso, t. New Granada, 70 m. N. Sante Fe de Bogota. Lon. 73 30' W. Lat. 5 16' N. Musquito creek, p-v. Trumbull co. Ohio. Mussafurpore, or Mujafurpore, t. Hind, in Ba- har. Lon. 85 25' E. Lat. 26 10' N. Musselburgh, t. Scotland, in Edinburgh co. at the mouth of the Esk. Betwixt the sea and the town lie the extensive downs called the Mussel- burgh links, where the Edinburgh races were held for the first time in October 1816. 5 m. E. by S. Edinburgh. Pop. 5,500. Mussendoon, or Mussledoon. cape, Arabia, at the mouth of the Persian gulf. Musser" 1 s mills, p-v. Columbiana co. Ohio. Mussy rEreque, t. France, in Aube, on the Seine, 15 m. S. Troyes. Pop. 1,700. Mustapha Pacha Kiupri, t. Eu. Turkey, 18m. N. W. Adrianople. Mustapha Pacha Palanka, fort, Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria, 56 m. W. N. W. Sophia, 22 S. I Mustaphabad, t. Hind, in Delhi. Lon. 76 47' E. Lat. 30 20' N. Muslyganim, s-p. Algiers, in the province of Tlemsan. It is defended by three castles. Lon.O StfE. Lat. 36 6' N. Musumelli, t. Sicily, 10m. N. E. Castro Novo, 26 N. by E. Girgenti. Muttoude, t. India, in Mysore. Lon. 76 25' E. Lat. 13 39' N. M Y S Mvttersiadi, t. Bavaria, 11 m. N. W. Speri, 14 S. Worms. Pop. 1,450. Mutton Bay, bay on the N. side of the river St. Lawrence, on the coast of Canada. Lon. 69 W. Lat. 48 25' N. Muttra, t. Ommon, in Arabia, 3 m.W. Mascat. Mutuales, or Meluales, an independent people of Syria, inhabiting an extensive valley between the mountains of Libanus and Anti Libanus. They derive their name from Mutual, a celebrated Sar- acen chief, who destroyed the ancient Persian re- ligion, and substituted the worship of Mahomed. Balbec is in their territory. Mutsig, t. France, 12 m. W. Strasburg. Pop. 2,500. Muy, v. France, in Var, 9 m. W. Frejus. Pop. 1,500. Musillac, t. France, in Morbihan, 14m. S. E. Vannes. Pop. 3,600. Muzufirabad, t. Cabul, and cap. of a district. Lon. 72 22' E. Lat. 34 4' N. Muzsa, r. Austrian Italy, which falls into the Adda, 8 m. S. E. Lodi. Mycenae, once a city of Greece, in the N. E. of Peloponnesus. Its ruins remain exactly as de- scribed by Pausanias. 8 m. N. E. Argos, 22 S. Co- rinth. Myc&ndah, t. India, in Mysore. Lon. 76 10' E. Lat. 14 16' N. Myconi, or Mycone, isl. in the Grecian Archipel- ago, between Naxos and Tino, in Ion. 2523 ; E. Lat. 37 27' N. 21 miles in circumference. The inhabitants, amounting to 1,000. are Greek Chris- tians. Mydan, district, Cabul, between 33 and 34 N. lat. Mydrecht,t. Netherlands, 12 m.W. S.W. Utrecht. Pop. 1,800. Myer, t. Hind, in Allahabad. Lon. 80 50' E. Lat/242l'N. Myerstown, p-t. Lebanon co. Pa. Mylau, t. Saxony, 9 m. N. E. Plauen. Pop 1,650. Mymunsing, district, Bengal, between 24 and 25' N. lat. The chief town is Bygonbarry, which is the residence of the judge and collector. Mynatpore, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 86 15' E. Lat. 26 38' N. Mynowy r. Eng. which runs into the Wye at Monmouth. Myo Isle, isl. in the Eastern seas, in the Molucca passage,which separates Celebes and Gilolo. Lon, 126M5'E. Lat. 123'N. Z tie Island, one of the Chandeleur islands. lenice, the most western circle of Austrian Poland, separated from the territory of Cracow by the Vistula. Extent, 1,230 square miles. Pop. nearly 160,000. Myslenice,the chief town, is on the Baba, 16 m. S. Cracow. My sol Isle, isl. in the Eastern seas, midway be- tween Ceram and Papua. It is 50 miles long by 15 broad. Lat. 2 S. -Mysore, properly Maisoor, province of the S. of India, between 11" and 15 N.lat. and surrounded by the British territories, subject to the presiden- cy of Madras. This province consists of high ta- ble land, elevated 3,000 feet above the level of the sea. The climate, is temperate and healthy to a degree unknown in any other tract of similar extent within the tropics. It ; soil produces not only all the grains and vegetables of other parts of India, but also many of the fruits of Europe. NAD The cultivation is also much aided by means of reservoirs and wells, from which the farmers ir- rigate their fields and gardens. The inhabitants are in general Hindoos. Under Hyder Aly, and Tippoo Sultan, this country was at war with the British, but it is now united in the firmest alli- ance. The present rajah was placed on the throne by the British, who secured to him a revenue of 1,030,0001. sterling, with the entire management of the country, by his own officers, but subject to the general superintendance of a British resi- dent. Mysore, t. India, and cap. of the province of Mysore, is about 9 miles from Seringapatam, on the top of a lofty hill. It is well supplied with water and provisions, and is considered much more healthy than Seringapatam. Lon. 76 52' E. Lat. 12 16' N. NAG 501 Mystic, r. Mass, which flows into Boston har- bor. It is navigable for sloops 4 miles, to Med- ford. Mystic, p-v. New-London co. Ct. Myssiniec,t. Poland, 80 m. N. byE. Warsaw, 83 E. N. E. Plock. Pop. 800. Mylilene, or Metelin, isl. of the Mediterranean, near the S. coast of Asia Minor, about 36 miles long and 12 broad. It was the ancient Lesbos, cel- ebrated as the abode of voluptuousness. It is fer- tile, and exports oil, figs, and wool. There are several fine ports. The population, consisting of Greeks and Turks, is variously estimated from, 40,000 to 100,000. Mylilene, town of. See Castro. Msensk, t. Eu. Russia, in Orel, 32 m. N.E. Orel, Pop. 5,000. N. NAALDWYK, v. Netherlands, in South Holland. 14m. VV. N. W. Rotterdam. Pop. 1,300. Naaman's Creek, r. Delaware, which runs into Delaware river, at Marcus hook. Naarden, or Naerden, s-p. Netherlands, on the ZuyderZee, llm. E. S. E. Amsterdam, 14 N. Utrecht. Pop. 1,800. Naas, t. Ireland, in Kildare co. 26 in. N. W. Wicklow, 17 S. W. Dublin. Lon. 6 42' W. Lat. 53 13' N. Nab o- Naab, r. Bavaria, is formed by the un- ion of three streams at Au, and falls into the Danube below Ratisbon. Nabajoa, Rio, r. New Mexico, which falls into the Rio Colorado of California. Nabal, t. Tunis, in Africa, 32 m. S. S. E. Tunis. Nabburg, t. Bavaria, 11 m. E. Amberg. Pop. 1,600. Nabejou, small isl. in the Persian gulf, 50 m. S. Congo. Nablous. See Naplous. Nabon, s-p. Laristan, in Persia, 70 m. W. Lar. Nachego, large lake of Quito, which flows by a narrow channel into the river Cahuapanas, in lat. 523'S. Nachelo, s-p. Laristan, in Persia, at the mouth of a river which falls into the Persian gulf. It is defended by a fort, and is under the dominion of the Wahabi. 50 m. S. S. W. Lar. ffaehiuchevan, t. Eu. Russia, in Ekaterinoslav, on the Don. Pop. 4,000. Nacho, or Puerto de Calvados, t. Mexico, in Hon- duras, 100 m. W. N. W. Comayagua, 30 N. Gra- ciasaDios. Lon. 89 36' W. Lat. 15 N. Nachod, t. Bohemia, on the Metau, 20 m. W. Glatz. Pop. 1,400. Nackihievan, or Nuckshievan, t. Persian Arme- nia, 85 m. S. E. Erivan. Nacogdockes, t. Mexico, in Texas. Lon. 94 17' W. Lat. 31 27' N. Nacongo, r. VV. Africa, which falls into the At- lantic, m lat. 5 15' S. which runa into the ' at Nadegadoo, district, on the E. side ef Ceylon, between 7 and 8 N. lat. Nadelburg, v. Austria, at the confluence of the Leitha and the Fischa, 5 m. E. Wienerisch-Neu- stadt. Nadernsee. See Dammische See. Nadimskoi, t. Russia, on the gulf of Obi, at the mouth of the river Nadim. Lon. 73 44' E. Lat, 66 25' N. Nadir, v. Lower Egypt, on the W. bank of the Nile, 28 m. N. N. W. Cairo. Nadone, t. Hind, in Lahore. Lon. 75 47' E, Lat. 31 59' N. Nadudvar, t. Hungary, 21 m. W. S. W. Do breczin. Naefels, t. Switz. in Glaris, 4 m. N. Glaris. Naff, r. Hind, which divides Bengal from Arra- can. JVag's Head, cape, on the S. end of the W. coast of St. Christopher. Lon. 63 33' W. tat. 17 20' N. Nagal, t. Hind, in Delhi, on the E. side of the Ganges. Lon. 78 10' E. Lat. 29 43' N. Nagamangalam, fort, India, in Mysore. Lon. 76 C 57' E. Lat. 12 49' N. Nagera. See Naxera. Nagercote. See Bime. Nagerilla, Laglera, or Aglera, r. Spain, in Old Castile, which runs into the Ebro, 6 m. N. Cal- zada. Naghery, t. India, in the Carnatic. Lon. 79 45 ; E. Lat. 13 19' N. Nagjery, t. Hind, in Khandesh, belonging to the Mahrattas. Lon. 75 50' E. Lat. 21 25' N. Nagold, t. Wirtemberg, 24 m. W. S. W. Stut- gard. Pop. 1,800. Nagold, r. Wirtemberg, which falls into the Enz at Pfortzheim. Nagore, s-p. India, in Tanjore. Lon. 79 55' E. Lat. 10 49' N. Nagore, district, Hind, in Ajmeer. Nagore, the capital, is in Ion. 74 15' E. lat. 27" N. Nagore, or Nagorcote, fort, Hind, in the moun- tains of Sewalic. It is mentioned in history as ear- 502 N A H ly as the year 1110, when it was taken by the Ma- hometans ; but some doubts are entertained wheth- er it is not the place now called Kangrah ; which see. Nagore, or Naghort, t. Bengal. Lon. 87 20' E. Lat 23 56' N. Nagorebussy, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 86 E. Lat. 25 22' N. N-jt^poor, Chuta, district, Hind, in Bahar, be- tween 22 and 23 N. lat. JVagpoor, t. Hind, and capital of the Mahratta territories, in the province of Gundwaneh or Be- rar. Pop. 80,000. Nagracka, r. Arkansas Territory, which falls in- to the Arkansas, on the S. W. side, in Ion. 99 20' W. It is navigable 150 miles. Nagraginskoi, t. A. Russia, in Tobolsk, 176 m. N. Tobolsk. Nagualapa, or St. Pedro, r. Mexico, which runs into the Pacific ocean, in lat. 19 30' N. Jfagy Abad, t. Hungary, 40 m. W. by N. Funf- kirchen. Nagyag, v. Transylvania, near Deva, remarka- ble for a rich mine of tellurium. Nagyag, r. Hungary, which falls into the great river Theyss. Nagy-Bajom, t. Hungary, 26 m. S. S. W. De- breczin. Nagy-Banya, or Neusladl, t. in the N. E. of Hungary. It is the capital of one of the four large mining districts into which the whole of Hungary is divided. Pop. 4,600. 91 m. E. by N. Debrec- zin. Nagy-Enyed, or Strassburg, t. Transylvania, 16 m. N. Carlsburg. Pop. 6,000. Nagy-Ida, v. Hungary, 10 m. S. by W. Kas- chau. Nagy-Kallo, t. Hungary, 25 m. N. N. E. De- breczfn. Pop. 3,200. JYagy-Kapos, t. Hungary, 12 m. W. S.W. Ungh- rar. Natzy-Karoly, t. Hungary, 40 m. E. by N. De- breczm. Pop. 7,600. Nagy-Kata, t. Hungary, 31 m. E. by S. Pest. Pop. 4,000. Nagy-Koresch, t. Hungary, 45 m. S. S. E. Pest, 20 W. S. VV. Szolnok. Lon. 19 47' 47" E. Lat. 471'50"N. Pop. 12,000. Nagy-Levar.oc Gross- Schutsen, t. Hungary, 32 m. N. E. Vienna. Pop. 3,000. Nahant, peninsula, Mass, in the town of Lynn, 14 m. N. E. Boston, connected with the mainland by the narrow isthmus called Lynn beach. It is a cool and delightful summer retreat, and is a resort of parties of pleasure from Boston, Sa- lem, Marblehead, and other neighboring towns. JYa/ie, r. Germany, which runs into the Rhine, at Bingen. Nahil, r. Barca, in Africa, which falls into the Mediterranean. Lon. 40 10' E/Lat. 32 10' N. JVa/m, district, Hind, in Delhi, on the Jumna, between 30 and 32' N. lat. Nahn, the capital, is a place of considerable strength. Lon. 77 7' E. Lat. 3041'N. JVa&r el Berd, r. Syria, which falls into the Mediterranean, 9 m. N. Tripoli. Jfahr Eitemasieh, or Hirer of Crocodile*, r. Sy- ria, which falls into the Mediterranean, 6 m. S. Tortosa. Nahr Gebail, r. Syria, which falls into the Me- diterranean. 4 m. S. Ladikieh. JVoAr Ibrahim, r. Syria, which falls into the Mediterranean, 20 m. N. Bairout, NAM J\~ahr el Ktltir, r. Syria, which tails iuio liic Me^ diterranean, 20 in. N K. Tripoli.- Nahr Meckatte, r. Palestine, which falls into the Mediterranean, 3 m. N. (Jail a. Mtkuelhttapi, lake, Chili, 100 miles in length, Lon. 70 40' VV. Lat 41 22' 30" S. Naila, t. Bavarian States, 9 m. VV. Hof. Pop. 1,200. Nailloux, t. France, in Upper Garonne, 20 m. S. E. Toulouse. Pop. 1 ,200. Nailly, t. France, in Yonne, on the river Yonne. Pop. 900. Nailsea, t. Eng. in Somersetshire, 9 m. W. S.W. Bristol. Pop. 1,313. Nain, Moravian settlement, in Pennsylvania, on Lehigh river, established in 1764. 50 m. N. Phil- adelphia. Natrn, a small county of Scotland, bounded N. by the Moray frith, E. and S. by Morayshire, and W. by Inverness-shire. The county contains about 128,000 acres, and 8,251 inhabitants. Nairn, a royal burgh, and cap. of Nairnshire, at the mouth of the river Nairn, where it falls in- to the Moray frith. 15f m. E. by N. Inverness; 102| N. W. Aberdeen. Pop. nearly 2,000. Nairn River, r. Scotland, which falls into thr Moray frith at the burgh of iNairn. Nairs. See Malabar. Najac, t. France, on the Aveiron, 9 m. S. Villo- franche. Pop. 2,100. JVq/'oo, small isl. in the Eastern seas, near the W. coast of Celebes. Lon. 124 25' E. Lat. 1 29' S. Nakel, or JVafc/o, t. Prussian Poland, on the Netze, 16 m. VV. by N. Bromberg. Pop. 1,500. Nakskow, or Naskow, t Denmark, in the island of Laaland, 15 m. VV. by N. Marieboe. Lon. 11 9' E ; Lat. 54 50' 20' N. Pop. 1,700. Naidouruh, t. Hind, in Dowlatabad, belonging to the Mahrattas. Lon. 76 45' E. Lat. 17 27' N. JValoes, a people of W. Africa, who inhabit the banks of the Rio Nunez. Namctcul, t India, subject to the British. It possesses a strong fort.- Lon. 78 5' E. Lat. 1 1* 22' N. Jfamaeang) small isl. in the Eastern seas. Lon. 132E. Lat. 6 45' S. Namaquas, a people of Southern Africa, form- ing a branch of the Hottentot race. See Hotten- tots. Namasket, r. Mass, which joins Bridge water river, to form the Taunton. Namboody, t. Hind, in Aurungabad, belonging to the Mahrattas. Lon. 73 3' E. Lat. 19 15'N. Nameszto, t. Hungary, 12 m. N. N. E. Arva. Pop. 1,400. Namjio, or Anaplie, small isl. of Eu. Turkey, in the Grecian archipelago, E. of Santorin. It is about 15 miles in circumference, and has a few villages, inhabited by about 400 Greeks. Lon. 48' E. Lat. 36 28' N. JVa/n/Jo Poulo, small isl. in the Grecian archi- pelago, a little S. of Numfio. Namiescht, t. Austrian States, in Moravia, 25 m N. Znaim, 20 W. Brunn. Namsen, r. Norway, which falls into a strait o the North st a, between the island of Ottenoe and the mainland, in about lat. 64 25 N. Namslau, t. Prussian States, 29 m. E. by S. Bres- lau. Pop. 2,800. JVamur, one of the inland and southern provin- ces of the Netherlands, bounded partly by the French frontier, partly by the Belgic provinces o! Hainault, South Brabant, and Liege. Extent N A N about 920 square miles. Pop. 1 15,000. The chief manufactures of the province are of iron, copper, paper, leather, and woollens. JVamur, t. Netherlands, cap. of the foregoing province, is at the conflux of the Sombre and the Maese. It is defended by a citadel, built on the summit of a .craggy rock. Here are extensive manufactures of fire-arms, swords, knives, scis- sors, and other articles of iron, copper, and brass. It is noted in history for the long siege which it sustained in 1692, against Louis XIV. 30 m. S. W. Liege. Lon. 4 51' E. Lat. 50 28' N. Pop. 15,085. Nanas, t. Hungary, 23m. N. by W. Debreczin. Pop. 4,000. Jianay, r. Quito, which enters the Amazon in lat. 337'S. Nancay, v. France, in Cher, 20 m. S. Bourges. Pop. 900. Nanceville, p-v. Harrison co. Indiana. Nanco-wry, one of the Nicobar islands, in the bay of Bengal. Lon. 93 43 E. Lat. T 57' N. Nancy, city, in the N. E. of France, cap. of Meurthe. It is in a beautiful plain, on the left bank of the Meurthe ; is large and well built, and accounted one of the most pleasant towns in France. The chief objects of its trade are corn and wine. Its fortifications, formerly considera- ble, were dismantled after the peace of Ryswick in 1697. 30 m. S. Metz, 16 VV. Strasburg, 230 E. Paris. Lon. 6 10' E. Lat. 48 41' N. Pop. 30,000. Nundaprayaga, place of pilgrimage, Hind, in Serinagur. Lon. 79 22' E. Lat. 30 22' N. Nandere, district, Hind, about 19 N. lat. and intersected by the river Godavery. It is 150 miles long, by about 35 broad, and was formerly denom- inated Sircar Telinganeh. Nandere, the capital, is in Ion. 77 35' E. lat. 19 6' N. Nandore, t. India, in Circars. Lon. 82 25' E. Lat. 17 27' N. Nangasacki, a large seaport of Japan, at the S. W. extremity of the isl. of Ximo. It is the only point of the empire at which Europeans are per- mitted to carry on any trade. This permission is now entirely confined to the Dutch, who are al- lowed moreover to traffic only on a small scale, and under the most rigorous restrictions. They are confined to the island of Desima, only 600 feet long and 120 broad, immediately adjoining the town of Nangasacki. It has two gates, one of which, looking to the town, is always well guard- ed by the Japanese, and locked at night ; the oth- er looks to the harbour, and is open only when vessels are discharging or taking in their cargoes. The Dutch company pay 15 per cent, and private traders 75 per cent, on all goods imported. The Japanese town has neither walls nor fortifications Lon. 130" 12' E. Lat. 32 48' N. Nan-gtsu, small isl. near the coast of China Lon. 119 24' E. Lat. 25 6' N. Nangiltan, Pom/, the S. extremity of the island of Loyta. Lon. 124 57' E. Lat. 10 2' N. Nangira, or Neonjee,r. Missouri, a S. branch of tho Osage. About 20 miles from its mouth, there is a perpendicular fall of 90 feet. Nanhtim, t. Hesse-Casscl, 2 m. N. Friedberg, IGN.N.W.Hanau. Nanjcmoy, p-t. and port of entry, Charles co. Md. near the river of the same name, which flows into the Potomac. It is u plane of some trade. 44 ,*n. from Washington, NAN 503 Nanjis, t. France, in Seine-and-Marne, 12 m. W. Provins. Pop. 2,000. Nanka Islands, 3 small islands in the Eastern seas, near the W. coast of the island of Banca. Lon. 105 41' E. Lat. 2 22 S. Nankang, a city of China, of the first rank, in Kiangsee,on a branch of the Poyang lake. Lon. 115 39' E. Lat. 29" 33' N. Nanking, a large city of China, not equalled perhaps by any in the world for the extent of ground inclosed within its walls. Nanking was at one time the imperial city and capital of Southern China ; but since the seat of government, and the six great tribunals, were transferred to Pekin, it has lost its importance, and a considerable share of its population. About a third of its area is now supposed to be unoccupied. Its situation, how- ever, is highly advantageous for commerce, be- ing on the S. bank of the river Yang-tse-Kiang, the largest in the empire ; and vessels of great bur- den were once accustomed to sail up to it ; and it still enables Nanking to communicate by barks with all the interior of the empire, while the great canal affords a navigation to Pekin. This city is distinguished by its manufactures, above the rest of the empire. The staple one is silk, particularly that of plain and flowered satins. Its principal or- naments are the gateways, which are very lofty and splendid, and the porcelain tower. This cel- ebrated pagoda is of an octagonal form, 9 stories high, and .mounted by 884 steps. Lon. 118" 34' E. Lat. 32 4' N. Nan-ning, city of China, of the first rank, in Quangsee. Lon. 107 44' E. Lat. 2244'N. Nannuckloo, small isl. near the E. coast of Lab- rador. Lon. 60 W. Lat. 56 20' N. Nansan, small isl. near the coast of China. Lon. 1 19 29' E. Lat. 2650'N. Nunsemond, co. in the S. E. part of Va. Pop. 10,494. Slaves, 4,526. Engaged in agriculture 3,267, in commerce 66, in manufactures 1 92. Chief town, Suffolk. Nansemond, r. Va. which rises in Dismal swamp, and falls into James river, a little W. of Elizabeth river. It is navigable to Sleepy hole for vessels of 250 tons ; to Suffolk for those of 100 tons ; and to Milners for those of 25 tons. Nant. t. France, in Aveyron, 10 m. S. E. Mil- haud, 18N. Lodeve. Pop. 1,000. Nanlasket Road, the entrance into Boston, har- bour Mass. S. of the lighthouse. It affords safe an- chorage in from 5 to 7 fathoms water. Nantchang, or Nanchang, city, China, capital of Kiangsee. It carries on a considerable trade in porcelain. Lon. 115 30' E. Lat. 28 36' N. Nanterre, t. France, 5 m. W. Paris. Nantes, a large commercial city in the W. of France, cap. of Loire lnferieure,on the right bank of the Loire, 27 m. from its mouth. It contains a number of manufactures. The principal are for the spinning, weaving, and printing of cotton; also for making woollens and linens of various quali- ties. Here are likewise manufactures of cordage, earthenware, of glass, of hardware, and of spirit- uous liquors. Ship-building, also, is carried on to a considerable extent. The foreign trade, though not great, extends to a number of different coun- tries. The intercourse with America is active and increasing. From the Weet Indies the chief im- port is sugar, for which there are fifteen refineries in the town. By means of the Loire and its tribu- tary streams, it sends its merchandise into the in- 504 NAN terior of the kingdom. Nantes is the see oi a las-h- op. It has been the seat of several ecclesiastical councils, and is noted in history for the celebrated edict issued there in 1598, by Henry IV. in favour of the Protestants, the recal of which, in 1 685, by Louis XIV. is justly considered a fatal error in that memorable region. The environs of Nantes, are delightful, particularly on the banks of the Loire. Lon. 1 22' W. Lat. 47 13' N. Jfanteuil en Valley. France, in Charente, 30 in. N. by E. Angouleme. Pop. 1,200. Nanleuil It Haudouin, t. France, in Oise, 36 m. N. E. Paris. Pop. 1,400. Jfaniiat, t. France in Upper Vienne, 16 m. N. W. Limoges. Pop. 1,600. JVon/ieafe, r. Eastern shore of Md. which rises in Delaware and runs into Fishing bay in the Chesapeake. A'anticoke, hundred, Sussex co. Del. Pop. 2,335. Nanticoke, p-t. Broome co. N. Y. Jfanlmiil, East, t. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 1,873. .Jfanimill, West, t. Chester co. Pa. on the Bran- dvwine. Pop. 1,443. Nantua, i. France, 36 m. W. Geneva. Pop. 2,800. Nantvwketi island, Mass, about 10m. E. Mar- tha's Vineyard, and 24 S. of Cape Cod. It lies between 41 13' and 41 22' N. lat. and between 69 56' and 70 13' W. Ion It is 15 miles long,and contains about 50 sq. miles. The climate is mild compared with that of the adjacent continent. The soil is light and sandy, but in some parts is rich and productive, particularly in hay. It was for- merly well wooded, but there is not now a single tree of native growth. The land is chiefly held in common by the inhabitants. All the cows amount- ing to about 500, feed together in one herd ; all the sheep, 14,000, in one pasture. The inhabi- tants are principally robust, enterprising seamen, extensively engaged in the whale fishery, and they have the reputation of being the most skilful and adventurous seamen in the world. They suffered severely both in the revolutionary and late war, a large portion of their shipping being captured by the British. Since the peace, however, the whale fishery has revived, and they had in 1818, 45 ships, averaging more than three hundred tons, employed in this business. There are 30 sperma- ceti works on the island, employing a capital of $600,000. In 1820, there were belonging to Nan- tucket 72 ships employed in the whale fishery, whose burthen together exceeded 21,600 tons. Pop. 7,266. Engaged in agriculture 64, in com- merce 809, in manufactures 399. Nanlucket, p-t. and port of entry on the above island, 30 m. S. E. Falmouth. 60 S. E. New-Bed- ford, 123 S. S. E. Boston. It is on a harbor, in- cluded within a large bay, which stretches along the whole northern side of the island, from Sandy point on the N. E. to Eel point on the W. The bay makes a fine road for ships, except with the wind at N. W. when there is a heavy swell. The harbor is completely safe from all winds, being almost land-locked, the points at its entrance ap- proaching within a mile of each other. There is a bar of sand at the mouth of the harbor on which there is only 7 feet water at low tide. Naritucket is the only town on the island, and contains 2 banks, 2 insurance companies, 5 houses of public worship, 2 for Friends, 2 for Congregationalism , 1 for Methodist?. NAP J^'antitckct Shoal, a bank about 50 miles long', and 45 broad, extending S. E. from the island of ite name. Nanturkef Bay, N. J. in Delaware bay, opposite Bombay Hook. Akmtotefc, or Natnptwick, t. Eng. in Chester co. a considerable trading and manufacturing town. The chief business is the manufacture of salt and shoes. 20 m. S. E. Chester, 165 N. W. London. Lon. 2 31' W. Lat. 53 4' N. Pop. 3,990. JVan-Fanff, t. China, of the first rank, inHonan. Lon. 112 14' E. Lat. 33 36' N. JVao, Cape, promontory of Spain, on the coast of Valencia. Lon. 0" 11' 10" E. Lat. 38 44' 40" N. Naours, t. France, in Somme, 9 m. N. Amiens. Pop. 1,500. Napagedl, t. Austrian states, in Moravia, on the March, 38 m. E. Brunn. Pop. 2,300. Napakiang, s-p. great Loochoo island, about 5 m. from the capital. Lon. 127 37' E. Lat. 26 13' N. JVapier, t. Bedford co. Pa. Pop. 1,764. Napipi, r. New Granada, which approaches within 6 miles of the Pacific ocean and after a source of about 120 miles, joins the Atrato in lat. 633'N. Naples, country in the S. of Italy, forming the continental part of the kingdom of the two Sici- lies, bounded N. W. by the States of the Church, N. E. by the Adriatic, and S. and VV. by the Med- iterranean. It extends from 13 16' to 18 50' E. Ion. and from 37 46' to 42 55' N . lat. It is of an irregular shape, and in comparing the Italian pe- ninsula to a boot, it forms the foot and lower part of the leg. Extent, 30,000 sq. miles. Pop. above 5,000,000 by the returns of 1818. It is divided into the 15 following provinces : Napoli or Naples. Molise. Terra di Lavoro. Terra di Bari. Principato Citra. Terra d'Otraqto. Principato Ultra. Basilicata. Abruzzo Ultra I. Calabria Citra. Abruzzo Ultra II. Calabria Ultra I. Abruzzo Citra. Calabria Ultra IF. Capitanata. The surface of this kingdom is mountainous, but it contains also a number of beautiful plains and extensive vallies, which, under the influence- of an invariably mild climate, present a luxuri- ance of vegetation, and a beauty of scenery, hard- ly to be met with in any other part of Europe. The kingdom is traversed by the great chain of the Appenines. The southern part of the king- dom of Naples is subject to volcanoes and earth- quakes, which are sometimes so violent as to bury whole cities in their ruins. Marshes are found on various parts of the sea coast, and by their insa- lubrity, render some of the most fertile tracts al- most uninhabitable. The soil is light, and in some parts volcanic, but in general fertile. The most common products are wheat, Indian corn, barley, and in the colder situations rye. Nothing cau be ruder than the agricultural implements. In many parts the grain is still separated from the straw by the trampling of cattle ; in other part? by two oxen dragging a rough and heavy stone, which breaks the sheaves, and shakes out the ears of the corn. The other products are rice in the marshy tracts, cotton, tobacco, olives, flax, and hemp. Manufactures in this country are still in their infancy, which arises from injudicious taxa.- NAP lion, aud the insecurity of property. The capital has a great manufacture of porcelain, aud another of fire-arms. The navigation and commerce of the kingdom are limited. The exports are confi- ned to raw produce, such as oil, silk, wool, fruit ; to which are added, in smaller quantities, corn, cotton, and wine. The imports are principally brought from Britain, or in British vessels. A commercial treaty concluded in February 1816, placed British subjects on a similar footing, as to privileges and taxation, with the natives. In Jan- uary 1799, the city of Naples was entered by the French; but was evacuated in June following, and the country was governed by its own sove- reign till the spring of 18<>6, when the city was again occupied by the French, and Joseph Bona- parte was soon after proclaimed king ; and in 1803, on his removal to Spain, the crown was conferred on Murat. After the final defeat of the Neapolitan army by the Austrians in the spring of 1815, the city of Naples was surrendered early in May to a British squadron ; andon the 17th June, king Ferdinand, after an absence of 9 years, made his entrance into his capital, where he was receiv- ed with enthusiastic acclamations. In 1820 a rev- olution took place in imitation of that of Spain, and the people and army obtained from the king, a proclamation of the Spanish constitution. Theem- peror of Austria, however, fearing that his Italian subjects might catch the revolutionary spirit, in March 1821 sent a powerful army into the country which occupied the capital and other principal places, and terminated the revolution without much opposition. Naples, a very large city in the S. W. of Italy, and cap. of the kingdom of Naples. The situa- tion is one of the most delightful that can be im- agined. Seated partly on the declivity of a hill, partly on the margin of a spacious bay, it spreads its population along the shore, and covers the shelving coasts and adjacent eminences, with its villas and gardens. The bay is extensive, and presents an almost unrivalled assemblage of pic- turesque and beautiful scenery. In point of size and population, Naples ranks after London, Paris, and Constantinople, being the fourth city of Eu- rope. The circumference is commonly computed at 9 miles ; but including all the suburbs, it is up- wards of 18. The streets, though in general nar- row, are straight, and tolerably regular : they are handsomely paved with large flags of lava ; and, since the French occupied the city, and introdu- ced improvements, most of them have been light- ed with lamps, suspended, as in Paris, across the middle of the street. The Strada di Toledo is the finest street in Naples, and one of the best in Eu- rope. It is broad, straight, well paved, and bor- dered in its whole length with elegant buildings. The houses are in general six or seven stories high, flat roofed, and covered with a kind of stuc- co. The fortifications of Naples are not adapted to resist an army, though the city is surrounded with a wall, and defended by a number of towers, a well as by three large castles. Of the public tuples, the churches are the mo?t con- spicuous ; but their splendor consists less in ele- gance of architecture, than in the richness of their painting, marbles, and other decorations. The university was founded in 1224. The building is diridad into several compartments, and contains, 1st, the library, with 90,000 volumes ; 2d the cab- inrt of manuscripts of Herculaneum, with the vari- ous machine? for unfolding them ; 3d, the museum 64 NAP 505 of paintings ; 4th, that of sculpture ; 5th, a col- lection of bronzes of Herculaneum and Pompeii ; and 6th, a collection of Etruscan vases. The charitable establishments are numerous and well endowed. The total number is above sixty ; of these, seven are hospitals ; above thirty are schools for poor children of both sexes, who are boarded and educated. The trade of Naples, though great for so inac- tive a country as the south of Italy, is small when compared to the crowded seaports of England and Holland. Its exports are confined to the products of the adjacent country, such as silk, wool, cot- ton, oil, wine, corn, and fruit. The imports are various, consisting both of articles of necessity and luxury, of colonial produce, and of manu- factures. The population amounts to 330,000, of whom, according to a recent estimate, 155,000 are males, and 175,000 females. The higher ranks are fre- quently ignorant, frivolous, and dissipated, while the lower orders are indolent and superstitious. The Lazzaroni are a part of the populace without either dwellings or regular occupation. They may be said to spend their life in the streets saun- tering about during the day, and sleeping at night under a public portico, on the pavement, or on the steps of a church. Their number is said to have been formerly between 30,0: and 40,000, and is still considerable. Naples literally swarms with nobility without fortunes, priests without benefi- ces, and beggars of all descriptions. The charge of want of cleanliness is unfortunately nearly as applicable here as at Rome, the rooms being in- fested with fleas and other vermin. Sea-bathing, though so easily within reach, is very little re- sorted to by the inhabitants. The environs of Naples are fertile, picturesque, and highly inter- esting to the antiquary and classical scholar. Ve- suvius, the Solfatara, the curious cavern called the G rotta del Cane, the baths of Nero, the tomb of Virgil, the remains of the baths of Lucullus, ruins of Herculaneum and Pompeii, are all in its vicin- ity. In 1803, the city suffered severely from an earthquake. 1 10 m. S. E. Rome, 380 S. S. E. Mi- lan, and nearly 1,000 S. E. Paris. Lon. 14 15' E. Lat. 40 50' N. Naples, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y. 18m. S. Canan- daigua, 216 W. Albany. Pop. 1,038. Naples Bay, bay of Lake Ontario, in Hender- son, N. Y. Naplovs, or Napolose^ city, Palestine, the an- cient Sichem, capital of the Samaritans. It is frequented by caravans from Egypt. The chief objects here venerated and visited, are the tombs of Joseph and Joshua, which seem to be fixed at Sichem by the unquestionable statement of sacred writ. Still greater reverence, however, is at- tached by the inhabitants to the spot called Jacob's Well, about three miles on the road to Jerusalem. 24 m. N. Jerusalem. Lon. 35 22' E. Lat. 32 16' N. Napo, r. Quito, which joins the Amazon on the N. shore, in lat. 3 26' S. Napoli di Mahasia, Monembasia, or Mengeschc^ t. Eu. Turkey, on a peninsula in the E. of the Morea, 55 m. S. by E. Napoli di Romania. Pop. 6,000. Napoli di Romani, t. Eu. Turkey, in the E. of the Morea, on a bay of the same name, on a rockv promontory, which forms an excellent harbor ca- pable of containing 150 ships of war. It is the best built place in the Morea. and is tolerably for* 506 N A R lifted, and carries on a trade in corn, oil, wine,atid cotton. It is the see of a bishop. JO m. S. S E. Argoy, 20 N. E. Tripolizza. Lon. 22 48' E. Lat. 37 39' N. Napolose. See Naploits. Nappah, t. Hind, in Gujerat, belonging to the Mahrattas. Lon. 73 15' E. Lat. 22 27' N. JVaraingwige, t. Bengal, on a branch of the Brahmapootra. The inhabitants carry on an ex- tensive traffic in grain, salt, tobacco, and lime. Lon. 90 35' E. Lat. 23 37' N. Pop. 15,000. Naraingur, t. Bengal, in Midnapore. Lon. 87 35' 1' Lat. 22H'N. Warangabad, t Hind, in Oude. Lon. 80 30' E. Lat. 27 45' N. Naranjal, or JVarrfinjos, small islands among the Philippines, 12m N.'E. Masbate. Lon. 123 54' E. Lat. 12 29' N Nnransas, Punta rfe, cape, on the N. coast of Cuba Lon. 75 30' W. Lat. 43 20' N. Narasrnghapoor, t. India, in Mysore. Lon. 77 5' E. Lat. i2 8' N. Norbetk, t. Wales, in Pembroke co. 9 m. N. Tenby, 255 W. London. Lon. 4 43' W. Lat. 51 48' N. Pop. 1,979. Narbonne, t. France, in Aude. It was once strongly fortified ; but at present a wall flanked with bastions is its only defence. It has some trade in corn, and an extensive traffic in honey and wax, the produce of the neighborhood. It is the see of an archbishop. 37 m. N. E. Perpignan, 70 S. W. Montpelier. Lon. 3 E. Lat. 43 11' N. Pop. 9,000. Narborough Island, small isl. in the Pacific ocean, near the coast of Chili. Lon. 76 12' W. Lat. 45 12- S. Narbuddtt. See Ne^buddnh. Narcondam, isl. of the bay of Bengal, 27 leagues E. Great Andaman. Lon. 94 12' E. Lat. 13 25' N. Warden. See Naarden. Nardo, t. Naples, in the Terra d'Otranto. Pop. 3,500. It is the see of a bishop. 30 m. W. Otran- to, 50 E. S. E. Tarento. Nare, r. New Granada, which enters the Mag- dalen a on the W. near Honda. Narenta, or Narenza, r. Dalmatia, which runs into the Adriatic at Fort Opus. Narenta, or Narenza, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bosnia, on the river Narenta, 75 m N. N. E. Spalatro. Narew, r. Poland, which joins the Bug, after which the united stream runs into the Vistula, at Nowydwor. Nr.'rgen, or JW/rgo, small island of Russia, in the gulf of Finland, near Revel. Lon. 24 36' E. Lat. 39' 30' N. JVariad, t. Hind, in Gujerat Lon. 72 59' E. Lat. 22 42' N. Nankee, t. Hind in Agra, belongingto the Brit- ish. Lon. 78 20' E. Lat. 27' J 18' N. Jfarlah, t. Hind, in Orissa. Lon. 8735' E. Lai. 22 ll'N. Na<~n, r. Austria, which joins the Danube, on theN side, at Eitzendorf. Narnallah, t. and fort, Hind, in B<>rar, belong- ing to the rajah of Nagpore. Lon. 77 30 7 E. Lat. 21 40^. A*arnt, t. Italy, in the States of the Church, 40 m. N. Rome. It is the see of a bishop. Pop. 5..000. N A S Narnoui, district, Hind, in Ara. Namoul, the capital, is in Ion. 76 8' E. Lat. 98 4' N. JVaro, t. Sicily, in the Vnl di Mazzara, about lf m. from the sea coast, 11 K.Girgenti. It is a strong military position. Pop. 12,000. JWiroco, r. Russia, which issues from the lake of Peipus, and falls into the gulf of Finland, near Narva. Narovtschat, t. Eu. Russia, in the government of Penza, 70 m. N. W. Peuza. Pop. 2,700. NarragftnscfBrty, a bay of R. Island,which runs from N. to S. dividing the State into two parts, and communicates with the ocr.an between Point Judith on the W. and Point Peaconet on the E. It is about 30 miles long, and 15 broad, and em- braces several very considerable islands. The north-east arm of the bay is called Mount Hope bay; theN. W. arm, Greenwich bay; and the northern arm, Providence bay. The principal rivers which fall into it are Providence river from the N. and Taunton river from the N. E. The commissioners who were appointed to examine the coast of the United States, in 1817, were of opinion that this bay presented the best site or a naval depot in the Union, north of Chosa ?.!' W. ', tho capital of tfar. inland of New-Prov- idence, one of the Bahamas, on the N. part of the island. Nassati Bay, bay on the S. coast of Terra del Fuego. Lat. 55 39' S. Nassau, Cape, cape on the coast of Surinam, Lon. 59 30' VV. Lat. 7 40' N. Nassau, Fort, fort, Netherlands, in Brabant, on the Scheldt, between Tolen and Bergen-op- Zoom. Nassenfuss, t. Austrian States, 5 m. N. Rudolfs- werth. Nassogne,t. Netherlands, in Liege, 21 m. S. E. Dinant. Pop. 900. Nussi(ck,t, Hind, in Aurungabad, belonging to the Malirattas. Lon. 73 t>3 7 E. Lat. 19 49' N. Naslede, t. Germany, in the dutchy of Nassau, 15 m. S. E. Coblentz. Nata, or Santiago de los Caballeros, city, S. A- merica, 73 m. S. W. Panama. Lou. 80 17' W. Lat. 8 21' 50" N. Nala Point, or Chaumu, Cape, the W. point of the gulf of Panama. Nataama,t. Eiind. in Serinagur, Lon. 78 48' E. Lat. 20" 7' N. Natachquoin, r. Labrador, which runs into the sea, Ion. 60 45' W. Lat. 50 25' N. Natal, or Nalar, a Malay settlement on the S. W. coast of Sumatra. Lon. 98 57' E. Lat. 32 U N. Nalal, r. E. Africa, with a town at its mouth, in the country of the Tambookies. The town is in Ion. 3r 30' E. Lat. 29 56' S. Nalal, small isl. in the Indian sea. Lon. 47 5' E. Lat. 8" 30' S. Natc/iaug, r. Ct. which joins the Shetucket in Windham. Natchez, city, in Adams co. Mississippi, on the E. bank of A! ississippi river, more than 300 miles above New-Orleans by the course of the river, and 156 by land ; 430 S. S. W. Nashville. Lat. 31 33' N. Lon. 91 20' W. Pop. 2,184. The greater part of the town stands on a bluff, upwards of 150 feet above the surface of the river. The houses have an air of neatness, though few are distin- guished for size or elegance. There is a consid- erable inequality in the surface of the hill, which prevents handsome streets. Natchez is finely sit- uated for a commercial depot, and its trade is rap- idly increasing. The country in its rear consists of excellent cotton lands, and is laid out in exten- sive plantations. The income of the first planters is princely ; from 5,000 to 40,000 dollars per an- num. Labour is performed almost exclusively by slaves. The town contains a court-house, a bank, with a capital of 3,000,000, a hospital, and 3 houses of public worship, 1 for Roman Catho- lics, 1 for Presbyterians, and 1 for Baptists. Nalc/iitoches, co. Louisiana. Pop. 7,486. Slaves 2,326. Engaged in agriculture 2,701, in commerce 37, in manufactures 157. Chief town, Natchito- ches. Nalchitoches, pronounced Nakilosh, p-t. Natchi- toches co. Louisiana, on the W. bank of Red riv- er, 2(K) miles above its junction with tho Missis- sippi, 80 above Alexandria, 200 N. W. New-Or- leans, in n direct line, and 358 by the road, 722 S. S. W. St. Louis. Lat. 31 46' N. Lon. 93 W. [t is the largest town in Louisiana west of the Mis- sissippi. The French established it as a military post in 1717, and about one-third of the inhabit- ants at present are of French origin. Before the revolution in Texas in 1811, it was the centre of a considerable trade carried on between Louisiana 508 N A V and the Spanish provinces. The population in 1818, was estimated at more than 600, exclusive of the garrison. Nattrs, v. Swiss canton of the Valais, 32 m. E. by .\. Sion. Nutrfk, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass, on Charles riv- er, 18 m. S.VV. Boston. Pop. 8-49. Natistagoet Harbour, harbour on the S. coast of Labrador Lon. 60 55' W. Lat. 50 6' N. Natividad, t. Brazil, in Goyas. Lon. 31 20' W. Lat. 13 30' S. Natividad, small isl. in the Pacific. Lon. 244 50' E. Lat. 27 57' \. Natolia, or Anatolia, province, Asiatic Turkey, bounded N by the Black sea, E. by Caramania, S. by the Mediterranean, and VV. by the Archipe- lago and the sea of Marmora. It is about 400 miles long from E. to W. and 350 in its greatest breadth. The soil is fertile, producing corn, to- bacco, cotton, and fruits of various kinds. The majority of the inhabitants are Mahometans, but there are many Greek Christians. Naiolia, in a more extensive sense, includes Aladulia and Cara- mania ; and with this extent its population is esti- mated at 6,000,000. Chief towns, Smyrna, Ango- ra and Kiutayeh. Natradacotta, t. India, in Tinnevelly. Lon. 78 10' E. Lat. 8 46' N. Nallorc, t. Bengal, on the N. bank of the Attri river. Lon. 88 55' E. Lat. 24 25' N. Natuna Isle, Great, isl. in the China sea, off the N, E. coast of Borneo. Lat. 4 N. Natunas Isles, North, small islands in the China seas. Lon. 109 E. Lat. 4 45' N. Nat anas Isles, South, small islands off the N. W. coast of Borneo. Lon. 109 E. Lat. 3 N. Natural Bridge. See Cedar Creek. Nalza, v. Germany, in Saxe-Gothe, 10m. S. by W. Muhlhausen. Nava, Cape, cape of Naples, on the E. coar.t of Calabria, 4 m. S. S. W. Cape Colona. Lon. 17 28' E. Lat. 39 2' N. Navace, La, small isl. in the West Indies, be- tween Jamaica and Hispaniola. Lon. 74 50' VV. Lat. 18 23' N. Navacott, t. Hind, in Nepaul. Lon. 83 27' E. Lat. 28 57' N. Narakara, district, Ceylon, on the W. coast, about 8" N. lat. Naval, t. Spain, in Arragon, 14 yci. N. Balbas- tro. Navalaise, t. Savoy, 6 m. W. Chamberry. Navan, t. Ireland, in Meath, 7 m. N. E. Trim, 23 N. W. Dublin. Lon. 6 41' W. Lat. 53 38' N. Navarin, or Avarin, t. Eu. Turkey, on the S.VV. coast of the .VIorea. It is a place of considerable trade. Its port is the largest in the Morea, and is even said to be capable of containing 2,000 sail. 72 m. S. W. Argos, 88 S. VV. Corinth. Lon. 21' 2o E. Lat. 37 5 N. Pop. 3,000. Navarre, province, Spain, bounded by France on the N. E. and Old Castile on the S. VV. Area, 2,474 square miles. Pop. about 230,000. The chief town is Pampeluna. There are ten passes between this province and France, but only two or three are exempt from difficulty. The wine of Navarre is in general of good quality. The other productions are hemp, flax, fruit, pulse, and a lit- tle oil. The liquorice called Spanish in England, is chiefly the produce of Navarre. Navarre, New, formerly a province of Mexico, bounded N. by a country unknown, E. by New Mexico arid New Biscay, S. by Culiacan, and W. NAY by the gull' of California. The country is now di- vided into intendancies. Nacarreint, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees, 9 m. N. W. Oleron. Pop. 1,300. Naucelle. t. France, in Aveyron, 18 m. S. E. Rhodez. Pop. 1,200. Naudersberg, or Nodrio, v. Tyrol, near the Inn^ 15m N. Glurentz. Pop 1,100. Ware, Cape, Spain, on the W. coast of Galicia, a little N. of Cape Finisterre. Lon. 9 20' W. Lat. 42 58' N. Naveille, t. France, in Loir-and-Cher, 3 m. S. W. Vendorae. Pop. 1,300. Nauen, t. Prussian States, in Brandenburg, 22 m. N.W. Berlin. Pop. 2,700. Nauenhof,t. Saxony, 8 m. E. Leipsic. Navcr, r. Scotland, in Sutherland, which runs into the ocean at the bay of Torisdale. Naves, t. F ranee, in Correze, 3 m. N. Tulle. Pop. 2,000. Naugardt, t. Prussia, in Pomerania, 22 m. N. Stargard. Pop. 1,000. Naugaluck, r. Ct. which rises in the Green mountains, in Norfolk, and flowing S. 50 miles, joins the Housatonnuc, at Derby, to form Strat- ford river. It affords muny good mill seats. Navia, t. Spain, in Asturias, 46 m. W. N. W. Oviedo. Navigator's Islands, a cluster of islands in the South Pacific ocean, about ten in number, be- tween 169 and 172 30' W. Ion. and below lat. 11 25' S. The inhabitants of these islands are repre- sented by Perouse as remarkably stout and well made. The fruit trees and nutritious roots which grow spontaneously around them, ensure them subsistence without labor. Naumburg, t. Prussian Saxony, in Merseburg, on the Saale. The inhabitants carry on several manufactures, particularly of stockings, gloves, caps, leather, soap, starch, and gunpowder. 18 m. S. S. W. Merseburg, 28 W. S. \V Leipsic. Lon. 11 40' E. Lat. 51 8' N. Pop. 12,000. Naumburg, t. Germany, in Hesse-Cassel, 16 m, W. S. W. Cassel. Pop. 1,500. Naumburg on the Queiss, t. Prussian States, 11 in. N. W. Lauenburg. Pop. 1,000. Nautpore, t. Bengal, in Purneah. Lon. 86 58 E. Lat. 26 17' N. Navy, t. Orleans co. Vt. 48 m. N. E. Montpelier. Pop. 90. Navy Island, small isl. off the N. coast of Jamai- ca. Lon. 76 10' W. Lat. 18' 13' N. Navy Island, isl. Upper Canada, in the river Niagara, about 3 miles in circumference, l m, above the falls. Naxera, t. Spain, in Burgos, near the Ebro, 44 m. E. by N. Burgos. Pop, 3,000. Naxia, or Naxos, isl. Eu. Turkey, in the Gre- cian archipelago. Extent, 170 square miles. Pop. about 10,000, mostly Greeks. 5 m. E. of the isl. of Paros. Lon 23" 2* to 23 1 9' E. Lat. 36" 56' to 37 N. Naxia, the chief town, is on a small bay of the S. coast. It is the seat of a Greek and of a Catholic archbishop. Nay, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees, 9 m. S. S. E Pau. Pop. 2,400. Nay, t. France, in Auvergne, 6 m. W. Le Puy Pop. 1,300. Nay, or Ne, r. France, which falls into the Cha- rente, opposite Cognac. Nayemou, t. Bondou, in W. Africa, 12 m. S., W Fatteconda. Nayland. See Neyland. NEC JYayo, small isl. in the Eastern seas, near the K. coast of Celebes. Lon. 124 24' E. Lat. 1 34' N. Nasaire, t. France, near the mouth of the Loire, 33 m VV. Nantes. Pop. 3,000. Nazareth, t. Netherlands, in East Flanders, near the Scheldt, 9 m. S.W Ghent. Pop. 4,300. Nazareth, village of Palestine, celebrated as the residence of our Saviour, during the first thirty years of his life. The reverence justly claimed by this circumstance, has been improved by supersti- tion into the means of extorting large sums of money from the pilgrims to the Holy Land. A convent has been founded, containing about 14 friars of the Franciscan order. The church at- tached to it is erected over a cave, which is assert- ed to have been the residence of the Virgin Mary. In this cave are shewn her kitchen and fire-place. The monks shew also the workshop of Joseph, and the precipice where Christ saved himself from the fury of the multitude. Nazareth now forms part of the pachalic of Acre; and^ the oppression of Djezzar Pacha has reduced it* to a wretched state of indigence and misery. It now contains about 3,000 souls, of whom 500 are Turks and the re- mainder Greeks, chiefly schismatics. 50 m. N. Jerusalem. Nazareth, r. W. Africa, which falls into the At- lantic near Cape Lopez Gonsalvo. Nazareth, p-t. Northampton co. Pa. 10 m. N. Bethlehem, 63 N. by W. Philadelphia. It is reg- ularly built, and contains a Moravian school. Nazaretli, Upper and Lower, two towns, North- ampton co. Penn. Pop. 535, and 748. Nazelles, i. France, in Indre-and-Loire, 3 m. N. Amboise. Pop. 1,000. Nazim, r. A. Russia, in Tobolsk, which falls in- to the Obi after a course of 160 miles. Nasook, large lake in the mountainous part of Armenia, 3 miles long, and 5 broad. Ne. See Nay. Neamutserai, 't. Cabul. Lon. 71 50' E. Lat. 33 30' N. Neapolis, in Thrace. See Cavala. Neas. See Nias. Nealh, borough t. Wales, in Glamorgan co. a place of considerable trade, on the E. bank of the Neath, about three miles from the Bristol chan- nel. In the neighbourhood are some iron forges, extensive tin works, and smelting works for cop- per. 8 m. N. E. Swansea, 197 W. London. Lon. 3 46' VV. Lat. 51 39' N. Pop. 2,740. Neauphle le Chateau, t. France, in Seine-and- Oise, 23 m. VV. Paris. Pop. 1,000. Ntbel, r. Germany, in the grand dutchy of Mecklenburg, which falls into the Warnow near Schaen. Nebra, t. Prussian Saxony, on the Unstrut, 12 m. N.W. Naumburg, 4 S. Querfurt. Pop. 900. Ntchori, t. Greece, m Magnesia, 9 m. E. Me- liais. .V';cfcnr, r. of the S. W. of Germany, which rises in Wirtemberg, at the foot of the Black Forest, near the source of the Danube, and falls into the Rhine at Marmeim. Neckar, one of the ten circles into which the grand dutchy of Baden is divided. Neckar, Lower, Middle, and Upper, three de- partments in the kingdom of Wirtemberg. Neckarau, v. Germany, on the Rhine, 4 m. S. Baden. Pop. 1,000. Ncckar-gardachi v. Wirtemberg, near Heilbron. Pop. 900. NEE 509 Neckar-ge/nund, t. Baden, on the Neckar, 5 m. E.Heidelberg. Pop. 2,100. Neckar -steinach, t. Germany, in Hesse-Darm- stadt, on the Neckar, 9 m. E. by N. Heidelberg. Pop. 1,100. Neckar-sulm, t. Wirtemberg, at the confluence ef the Neckar and the Sulm, 6 m. N. Heilbron. Pop. 2,050. JVeckar-Walhingen, v. Wirtemberg, on the Neck- ar, near Ludwigsburg. Pop. 900. Necker Islands, islands near the N. W. coast of America, 3 m. from Cape Blanco. Lat. 42 50' N. Necker Isles, small islands in the Pacific. Lon. 184 32' W. Lat.2331'N. Neda, t. Spain, in Galicia, 5 m. E. Ferrol. Neddeck, a mountainous tract in N. Africa, 70 m. W. Augila. Neddick, Cape, cape on the coast of Maine. Lon. 70 34' W. Lat. 43 8' N. Nederbrakel, t. Netherlands, in East Flanders, 8 m. E. S. E. Oudenarde, 22 S. Ghent. Pop. 3,500. Nederkruchten, t. Netherlands, in Limburg, 14 m. E. S. E. Ruremonde. Pop. 3,500. Nederweert, t. Netherlands, in Limburg, 12 m. N.W. Ruremonde. Pop. 3,600. Nedrigailow, t. Eu. Russia, in Charkow, 114 m. N.W. Charkow. Lon. 34 20' E. Lat. 50 54' N. Pop. 2,800. Nedsjed, an extensive division of Arabia, in- cluding nearly all the central parts of that region, and having on the W. Hedsjas and Yemen, on the S. Hadramaut, on the E. Lahsa and Ommon. It is composed chiefly of vast mountains and deserts. Many parts of it, however, are habitable, and cov- ered with numerous hordes of Bedouins. Nedsyeran, a little principality of Yemen, in Arabia, three days journey E. N. E. of Saade. It is well watered, abounds in corn and pasturage, and particularly in dates. It has a capital of the same name. Ned Thomas' 1 Shoals, rocks in the Spanish Main, on the Mosquito shore. Lon. 82 14' W. LaU44'N. Neede, v. Netherlands, in Gelderland, 20 m. E Zutphen. Pop. 2,000. Needham, t. Norfolk co. Mass, on Charles river, opposite Newtown. 1 1 m. W. S. W. Boston. Pop. 1,227. Here is a perpendicular fall in the river of 20 feet, at which several valuable mills are erected. Needham Market, t. Eng. in Suffolk, 7 m. N. N. W. Ipswich, 74 N. E. London. Pop. 1,301. Needles, cluster of pointed rocks on the coast of England, 18 m. from Newport in the Isle of Wight. Neeheehow. See Onehow. Neelab, t. Hind, in Lahore, on the E. side of the Indus, belonging to the Afghans. Lon. 70 53' E. Lat. 32 50' N. Neelacunda, t. Hind, in Lahore, on the E. side of the Indus, belonging to the Afghans. Lon. 71* 49' E. Lat. 32 38' N. Neelgound, fort and district, India, in Bejapore, belonging to the British. Neelgunge, t. Hind, in Oude. Lon. 70 53' E. Lat. 26 47' N. Neelgur, t. Hind, in Orissa. Lon. 87 10' E. Lat. 21 30' N. Neembucu, t. Paraguay, on the E. bank of the Paraguay. Lon. 58" IT W. Lat. 26 S2 7 S. Pop. 1,730. Ntembucu, lake of Paraguay, in 27 S. lat. Neermul, t. Hind, in Dowletabad. Lon. 79 5* E. Lat. 195'N. 510 NEC N E L Neerwinden, v. Netherlands, in South Brabant, 16 m. E. Louvain. Pop. 300. Nefla, t. Africa, in Tunis, 60 m. S. Gafsa. Negada, or .4negarfa, one of the Caribbee isl- ands in the West Indies. 50 m. N. W. Anguila. Lon. 63 5' W. Lat. 18 6' N. Negapatam, s-p. India, in Tanjore, and former- ly capital ol the Dutch possessions on the coast of Coromandel. In 1783, it was ceded to the Brit- ish; since which period the fortifications have been neglected, and the trade transferred to other places ; but ships frequently stop here for provis- ions and water. 48 m. E. Tanjore. Lon. 79 55' E. Lat. 10 43' N. Negelstudt, t. Prussian Saxony, 10 m. S. E. Muhl- hausen. Pop. 800. NegombOj a populous t. on the W, coast of Cey- lon, very advantageously situated for carrying on the inland trade. The vicinity produces a great quantity of cinnamon and rice. It was taken with- out opposition by the British in 1796. 20 m. N. Colombo. Lon. 79 49' E. Lat. 7 19' N. Pop. 15.000, consisting of Malabars, Cingalese, and Portuguese, chiefly Mahometans and Roman Cath- olics. The Wesleyan Methodists have a Mission- ary here. Negracka River. See Nagracka. Negrais Isle, isl. with an excellent harbour, at the W. mouth of the Irrawuddy river, in the Bir- man empire. The W. point of the island, called Cape Negrais, is in Ion. 94 14' E. lat. 16 1' N. Negrar, t. Austrian Italy, near the Adige, 6 in. N. Verona. Pop. 1,700. Negrepelisse, t. France, on the river Aveyron, 8 m. N. E. Montauban. Pop. 3,200. NcgriL the VV. head of the island of Jamaica, consisting of two points, the North and South, 3 leagues apart, between which is a semicircular bay, called Ling bay. Lon. 78 17' W. Lat. 18 27' N. Negrillos, small islands near the coast of Peru. Lat. 4 40' S. Negro, Cape, cape on the E. coast of Minorca. Lon. 4 18' E. Lat. 39 53' N. Negro, Cape, cape on the W. coast of Corsica. Lon. 8 39' E. Lat. 41 45' N. Negro Cape, Africa, the S. extremity of Angola. Lat. 16 5' S. Negro creek, r. Illinois, which flows into the E side of Illinois river, about 80 m. above its mouth. Negro fork, r. Missouri, a branch of the Merri- mack. Negro, Rio, a large and navigable r. South America, which rises in the Andes, in New Gra- uada, and, after a long course, falls into the Ama- zon, in lat. 3 16' S. It communicates with the Cassiquiari, a tributary of the Orinoco. Negro, Rio, r. S. America, which rises in the Chilian Andes, and, running S. E. falls into the Atlantic, in lat. 41 S. 2d. A river of Buenos Ayres, which runs S. W. and joins the Uruguay. There are several other rivers of this name in S. America. Negroland, or Nigritia, an appellation by which early European geographers designated almost the whole of the interior and southern parts of Africa, inhabited by the race called negroes. As a more accurate and detailed knowledge, however, has been obtained, this vague term has fallen into dis- use. Negroponte, or Egribos, the ancient Eubcea, a long and narrow isl, of Greece . extending along the E. coast of Livadia, from which it is separated by a narrow channel, called the strait of Euri,us. Pop. 60,(KK), of whom more than three-fourths arc Greeks. Its surface is covered with mountains, which are highest towards the centre of the island. They are in general barren, but the valhes and plains are highly productive. Corn, wine, fruit, and oil are all cultivated here. The pasturagei of Euboea have been in repute since the time of the ancients. The chief minerals are marble and copper. Lon. 23 10' to 24 44' E. Lat. 38 to 39 10' N. Negr.oponte) the ancient Calchis, the capital of the foregoing island, and a place of considerable size, is on the W. coast, and connected with the continent by a bridge, the strait at this place be- ing only 200 feet wide. The town is fortified, and has on the S. side a port, capable of contain" ing several hundred vessels in perfect safety. 28 m. N. Athens. Lon. 23" 33' E. Lat 38 31' N. Pop. 16,000. Negros, one of the Philippine islands, about 145 miles long, by 25 broad. It is fruitful in rice. Lon. 122 30' E. Lat. 10 10' N. Ncguada, or Nekkade, t. Upper Eerypt, 4m. S. W. Kous. Neharend, or NJtanud, t. Irak, in Persia, 60 m. S. Hamadan. Neheim, t. Prussian states, in Westphalia, 10m. N. N. W. Arensberg. Pop. 1,050. Neheim, t. Prussian states, in Westphalia, 14 m. N. E. Paderborn. Pop. 800. Nehrwalla, t. Hind, and formerly capital of Gu- jerat. It now belongs to the Mahratta chief called Guicowar. Lon. 72 30' E. Lat. 24 25' N. Nehumikeag, isl. Maine, in Kennebec river, 14 m. above Merrymeeting bay. Neibd) bay on the S. coast of St. Domingo. Lou. 70 56' VV. Lat. 18 16' N. Neibsheim, v. Baden, 14 m. E. by N. Carlsruhe. Pop. 900. Neidcnau, t. Baden, on the Jaxt, 11 m. N. by E. Heilbron. Pop. 1,150. Neidenburg, t. East Prussia, 90 m. S. Konigs- berg. Lon. 20 25' 45 " E. Lat. 53 19' 55'' N. Pop. 1,800. Neipperg, v. Wirtemberg, near Heilbronn. Neira, one of the Banda islands, immediately N. of Great Banda. Lon. 130 E. Lat. 4 31' S. ' Neisapoor. See Nishapour. Neisse, t. Prussian states, in the government of Oppeln, on the river Neisse, and the chief place of a principality of the same name. It is one of the chief fortresses of the Prussian states. 46 m. S. by E. Breslau, 30 W. Oppeln. Top. nearly 8,000. Neisse, r. Germany, which rises in Bohemia, aud falls into the Oder. Neithorpc, v. Eng. in Oxfordshire, ^ mile VV. N. W. Banbury. Pop. 1,332. Neilra. See Neufra. Neitsersoak, isl. near the W. coast of Greenland. Lon. 49 10' VV. Lat. 63 22' IS". Neiva, province of New Granada, extending 80 leagues from N. to S. on bolh sides of the river Magdalena. Neiva, the capital is 120 m. N. E. Popayan, and 107 S. VV. Santa Fe. Lon. 74" 16' VV. Lat. 3 J 10' N. Nckouban, Lake, lake, Canada, 24 m. N. W. Quebec. Lon. 75 VV. Lat. 49" 55' N. Nellenbvrg, formerly the name of a district in Suabia, with the title of a landgraviate, belonging to Austria. In 1806 it was ceded to Wirtemberg, N E N and came afterwards to Baden by an exchange. Area, 340 sq. miles. Pop. nearly 30,000. Neliiseram, t. India, on the W. coast of Canara. Lon. 75 12' E. Lat. 12 16' N. Nelloor, t. India, in Carnatic. Lon. 79 55' E. Lat. 14 26' N. Nelson, t. York co. Up. Canada, on Lake Onta- rio, S. W. of York. Nelson, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, 32 m. S. by W Quebec. Nelson, p-t. Cheshire co. N. H. 33 m. S. W. Concord. Pop. 907. Nelson, p-t. Madison co. N. Y. 35 m. S. W. Uti- ca. Pop. 2,329. Nelson, co. Va. Pop. 10,137. Slaves 5,660. Engaged in agriculture 3,174, in commerce 47, in manufactures 162. Chief town, Lovingston. Nelson, co. Ken. Pop. 16,273. Slaves 3,875. Engaged in agriculture 4,160, in commerce 142, in manufactures 347. Bairdstown is the chief town. Nelson, p-t. Portage co. Ohio, 12 m. N. E. Ra- Tenna. Pop. 444. Nelson Ferry, p-v. S. Carolina, 50 m. N.Charles- ton. Nelson Forl, settlement, N. America, on the W. shore of Hudson's bay, at the mouth of Nel- son river, 250 m. S. E. Churchill Fort, and 600 N. W. Rupert's Fort. Lon. 92 42' VV. Lat. 57 12' N. Nelson, Point, cape on the N. W. coast of Ame- rica, in Benin's canal. Lon. 229 27' E. Lat. 55 15' N. . Nelson's river, one of the largest rivers of North America. It forms the principal outlet of Lake Winnipeg, and runs into Hudson's bay in Ion. 92 46' W. lat. 57 2' N. Its most distant source is the Saskashawin, which falls into Lake Winnipeg. The whole length is about 1,500 miles. Nelsonville, t. Athens co. Ohio, on the Hock- hocking, 14 m. W. Athens. Nelway, t. Hind, in Malwah, belonging to the Mahrattas. Lon. 75 35' E. Lat. 23 14' N. . Nemaar, district, Hind, in Khandesh, between 21 and 22 N. lat. It belongs to the Mahrattas. NenuEti, village, Greece, in the N. E. of the Mo- rea, near which the Nemaean games were cele- brated. Nemahaw, r. Missouri Territory, which falls in- to the Missouri in lat. 39 55' 56" N. Nembro, t. Austrian Italy, 4 m. N. E. Bergamo. Pop. 2,400. Nemea. See St. George. Nemerau, or Nemorow, t. Germany, in Mecklen- burg-Strelitz, 6 m. S. W. Stargard. Ji'emij v. Italy, in the states of the Church, 14 m. S. S. E. Rome. Nemours, t. France, in Seine-and-Marne, on the river Loing and the canal of Briare. It has a cas- tle. Pop. 3,800. Leather is manufactured here in considerable quantities. It was the scene of an action between the French and Austrians, Febru- ary 16th 1814. 11 m. S. Fountainbleau, 52 S. E. Paris. New, r. Eng. in Northamptonshire, which falls into the Lincolnshire Washes. It communicates by several channels with the river Ouse. Mmtmkf t. Ireland, in Tipperary, 19 m. N. E. Limerick. Nenortolik, isl. on the S. W. coast of Greenland. Lon. 45 W. Lat 59 54' N. ingen, t. Bavarian states, 26 m. S. E. Ans- pach. Pop. 800. N E P fill Neograd, or Nograd-Varmegye, county in the N. W. of Hungary. Pop. 164,000. Neola, kingdom of W . Africa, on the N. of the Gambia, having Tenda on the VV. Dentila on the E. and Bambouk on the N. Neola Koba, r. Africa, which falls into the Gam- bia, in Ion. 12 25' W. lat. 12 40-' N. Neominas, r. Peru, which runs into the Pacific, in lat. 4 30' N. Neoundah, t. Birman empire, on the E. bank of the Irrawuddy. Lon. 94 35' E. Lat. 21 10' N. Neozho. See Grand River, Arkansas. Nepaktos. See Lepanto. Nepanose, t. Lycoming co. Pa. on the W. branch of the Susquehannah. Pop. 418. Nepaul, a long but narrow kingdom of Northern Hindostan, bounded N.by the great range of Him- maleh mountains, S. by the provinces of Bahar, Oude, and Delhi, and E. by Bootan. The valley of Nepaul proper, from whence the kingdom takes its name, is nearly of an oval figure ; its greatest length from N. to S. being 12 miles, by 9 in the greatest breadth. On the N. and S. it is bounded by lofty mountains. This small tract is very pop- ulous, and, besides the capital, Catamandoo, is filled with villages. This valley, although be- tween 27 and 28 N. lat. is so elevated that it en- joys an European climate. The soil is productive. The mountains contain mines of copper and iron ; and, although commerce is not encouraged, it sends to Bengal, ivory, wax, honey, rezin, timber, &c. ; and takes in return, muslins and silks of Ben- gal, carpets, spices, tobacco, and European goods. The government is despotic, and the rajah is con- sidered as the proprietor of the soil. The prevail- ing religion is the Hindoo. The Brahmins of Ne- paul are very numerous, and deeply skilled in Sanscrit lore. One of the libraries is said to con- tain 15,000 volumes in that language. In 1792, this country was invaded by the Chi- nese, and became tributary to the emperor. In Oct. 1801, a commercial treaty was concluded be- tween the Nepaulese and the Bengal government. In 1814, this country was successfully invaded by the British, and a portion of it was ceded to the conquerors. In 1816, the war was renewed with still greater success. It was stipulated that a British resident should be established at Cata- mandoo, the capital. This resident has since formed a commercial treaty with the Nepaulese government, equally advantageous to the subjects of both states. The British territories now extend to the borders of Thibet, and it is expected that a vent will be opened for an extensive sale of woollen cloths and other manufactures. Pop. es- timated at 2,000,000. Nepean, t. Carlcton co. Up. Canada, on Ottawa river. Nepean Island, a small isl. in the Pacific ocean, about a quarter of a mile from Norfolk island. It serves as a place of transportation to the refractory convicts of Norfolk island. Nepean, Point, point on the S. coast of New- Holland. Lon. 144 38' E. Lat. 38 18' S. Nepean Sound, bay on the N. W. coast of Amer- ica. Lon. 127" 30' W. Lat. 53 32' N. Ncpi, t. Italy, in the States of the Church. It is the see of a bishop, 23 m. N. N. W. Rome. Pop. 1,800. Nepiaingui, lake, Up. Canada, connected with Lake Huron by French river, 25 leagues long. It is computed to be 12 leagues long, and 15 miles wide. 512 N E S NET Nepomuck, t. Bohemia, 56 m. S. W. Prague, 16 E. N. E. Klattau. Pop. 900. Neponset, r. Mass, which flows into Boston har- bour. It is navigable for vessels of 150 tons 4 miles, to Milton. Neponset , v. partly in Dorchester and partly in Milton, Mass, on both sides of the Neponset, 6 m. S. of Boston. It contains a number of mills and manufactures. Nera, r. Italy, in the Ecclesiastical States, which falls into the Tiber opposite Otta. Ncrac, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne, on the Baise, 70m. S. E. Bourdeaux. Pop. 5,600. Nerbuddah, r. Hind, which rises in the province of Gundwaneh, and running in a westerly direc- tion, 750 miles, through the provinces of Khan- desh, Malwah, and Gujerat, falls into the gulf ofCambay. Nerechta, t. Eu. Russia, on the river Nerechta, which falls into the Wolga, 26 m. S. W. Kostroma. Neresheim, t. Wirtemberg, 6 m. S. S. W. Nord- lingen. Pop. 1,000. ffereri, t. of the island of Brazza, on the coast of Austrian Dalmatia. Nereto, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, 36 m. N. N. E.Aquila. Pop. 1,600. Nerike, a province of the central part of Swe- den, surrounded by Westmannland, Warme- land, East and West Gothland, and Sundermann- land. Area, 1,800 sq. miles. Pop. 55,000. It now forms part of the government of Orebro. Nerinjepettah, t. India, in Coimbetoor. Lon. 7750'E. Lat. 1135'N. JV> m, t. France, in Allier, 4 m. S. E. Montlu- con. Pop. 1,200. Nerondo, t. France, 24 m. W. Lyons. Pop. 1,100. Nero?ides, t. France, in Cher, 17 m. E. Bourges. Pop. 1,300. Nertscha, r. A. Russia, which falls into the Amour near Nertschink. Nertschink, t. A. Russia, in the government of Irkoutsk, on the Chinese frontier. At one time the caravans destined for the trade with China passed through this town ; but since they have gone by the way of Selinginsk, the importance of this place is much decayed. The district is now chiefly distinguished by the mines of lead and sil- ver which are worked by the crown, who employ in them the unfortunate persons banished into this remote part of the empire. Lon. 116 44' E. Lat. 51 56' N. Pop. 2,000. Nervi, t. Sardinian states, on the sea-coast, 6 m. E. S. E. Genoa. Nerviano, t. Austrian Italy, 12 m. N. W. Milan. Nerrieux, t. France, in Loire, 12 m. N. Mont- brison. Pop. 1,300. Nesa, t. Kharasm, 100 in. N. Mesched. Nesbit, Point, cape on the W. coast of the Duke of York's island, in the Duke of Clarence's strait. Lon. 227 26' E. Lat. 56 15' N. Nesbitt's iron works, p-v. Spartauburg district, S.C. Neschin, t. Eu. Russia, in the government of Czernigov, on the river Ostcr, 49 m. S. S. E. Czer- nigov. Pop. 16,000. Nescopeck, r. Luzerne co. Pa. which runs into the Susquehannah, in lat. 41 3' N. At its mouth there is a fall. Nescopeck, p-t. Luzerne co. Pa. at the confluence of the Nescopeck with the Susquehannah, 40m. N.E.Northumberland. Pop. 1,004. Neshaminy, r. Bucks co. Pa. which runs into the Delaware, 6 m. below Bristol. Nttnannock, t. Mercer co. Pa. Pop. 1,028. Ncsle, t. France, in Somme, 10 m. S. Peronne, 25 E.Amiens. Pop. 1,700. Ness, r. Scotland, which issues from Loch Ness, and falls into the Murray frith at Inverness. Ness, Lock, a beautiful lake of Scotland, in In- verness-shire, 22 miles long, and from 1 to 2i broad. It discharges its waters into the Murray frith by the river Ness. Nessa, or Nesserland, isl. Germany, in the Dol- lart Lon. 6 59' E. Lat. 53 10' N. Nesse, r. Saxony, which falls into the Werra, 5 m. N. W. Eisenach. Nesselu-ang, t. Bavaria, 11 m. S. E. Kempten. Pop. 1,200. Neston, or Great Neston, t. Eng. in Cheshire, on the N. bank, and near the mouth of the Dee. 1 1 m. N. W. Chester, 192 W. by N. London. Lon. 3 3' W. Lat, 63 17' N. Pop. 1,332. Nestved, t. Denmark, in the island of Zealand, 44 m. S. S. W. Copenhagen. Pop. 1 ,500. 'Netchcz, r. Texas, which flows into the W. side of the Sabine, at the expansion near its mouth. Nelhe, Great and Little, two small rivers of the Netherlands, in Antwerp, which unite N. E. of Lierre. The united stream becomes navigable, and bears the name of Ruppel, till it falls into the Scheldt. Netherlands, a kingdom of the central part of Europe, constituted in 1814, and consisting of 17 provinces (7 Dutch and 10 Belgic,) along with the grand dutchy of Luxernberg. It extends from 49 30' to 53 34' N. lat. and from 2 30' to 6" 58' E. Ion. It is bounded W. and N. by the German ocean, S. by France, and E. by Hanover and the Prussian territories of the Lower Rhine. Extent, 24,400 square miles. Its population is as follows : Holland, 750,000 East Flanders, 602,000 West Flanders, 521,000 Hainault, 431,000 South Brabant, 366,000 Liege, 355,000 Limburg, 293,000 North Brabant, 252,000 Antwerp, 250,000 5,175,000 In the northern or Dutch provinces, there are neither mountains nor hills. The country is a vast marshy plain, intersected in all directions by an infinity of canals and ditches. The southern pro- vinces exhibit a great variety consisting of woods, meadows, and corn fields, undulating plains, and gentle eminences. The soil of the Netherlands is in general fruitful, the Dutch part affording rich pasture, while the Belgic part, especially Flan- ders, abounds with excellent corn land. The universities are six in number, the well known ones of Leyden, Utrecht, and Groningen ; Louvain also, an old university, suspended for a time but re-established by a royal edict of 25th Sept. 1816, which also instituted two new univer- sities, Ghent and Liege. There is a military school at Dort, and a naval school at Hcl voetsluys. The established religion of the noithern prov- inces is the Calvinist ; but as toleration has been so long prevalent, religious sects of every descrip- tion are to be found there. In the Belgic provin- ces the inhabitants are principally Catholics, and taking the whole kingdom together, more than two thirds of the whole population are Catholics. The constitution of the Netherlands dales only Gelderland, 244,000 Luxemberg, 226,000 Friesland, 177,000 Namur, 157,000 Overyssel, 148,000 Groningen, Zealand, 136,000 112,000 Utrecht, 108,000 Drenthe, 47,000 NET from 1814, and bears a close resemblance to that of Great Britain. The possession of all executive power by the king, the inviolability of his per- son, the responsibility of his ministers', the ap- pointment of a cabinet 'and privy council, but above all, a double house of parliament, are stri- king features of resemblance. The chief difference is in the existence of provincial states or assem- blies charged with a variety of important local du- ties, such as the care of the roads and bridges, of religious worship, of charitable institutions, of the execution of the laws, of the expenditure of the local magistrates, and in particular with the elec- tion of the members of the commons house of par- liament. This approximation to the federal gov- ernment of the United States of America, is owing to the long existence of provincial powers and usa- ges, particularly among the Dutch. The number of members of the lower house is 1 10, and the pro- portion returned by the Dutch and Belgians is equal, notwithstanding the difference in popula- tion. These representatives are renewed by a third, annually. The members*of the upper house are named by the king for life : their titles are not hereditary. In the Netherlands, as in France, no bills can be bi ought into parliament by the oppo- sition ; all motions for the purpose of making laws require the sanction of the crown. This precau- tion is deemed necessary in a new and unsettled government. The liberty of the press exists near- ly as in England; and there are no political dis- qualifications on account of religious tenets. The judges are appointed by the king, on the presenta- tion either of parliament, or the provincial states. They hold their places for life. The royal power is vested in the family of Nassau-Orange. The ti- tle is, u king of the Netherlands, prince of Orange, and grand duke of Luxemburg ;" in the last capa- city, he is a member of the Germanic confedera- tion. The annual expenditure of the Netherlands is nearly 7,000,000/. sterling, and the revenue has, since 1819, been the same. The navy costs only 500,000/ a year ; the army 2,500,000/. ; the church establishments, Catholic, Protestant, and sectaries, about 270,000/. ; but the great pressure arises as in Britain, from the interest of the national debt. That debt amounts to 140,000,000/. ; but the in- terest does not much exceed 3,000,000/. sterling. The army amounts in peace to about 50,000 regulars. The marine consists at present of only 12 sail of the line, and twice as many frigates. The Dutch colonies are, 1st. in x\sia, Java, with the lesser governments of Amboyna,Banda, Ter- nate, Malacca, and Macassar, as well as the facto- ries in Coromandel and Persia. 2. In Africa, 13 small forts on the coast of Guinea. 3. In the West Indies, the colony of Surinam on the mainland, and the islands of Curraeao, St. Eustatius, and St. Martin. The union of Belgium and Holland into one independent state took place in 1814. This union has not yet obtained the cordial acquiesence of the majority of the Belgians ; but time can hard- ly -fail to show them its advantages. See Hol- land. Nethy, r. Scotland, in Inverness-shire, which fells into the Spey, 3 m. S. E. Granstown. Netrarutty, r. India, in South Canara, which rnns into the lake of Mangalore, and then disem- bogue* into the sea. It is navigable by boats for 20 or 30 miles. Jfifefcttlfcfe, or Sandwich bay, bay on the E. 65 N E V 513 coast of Labrador. Lon. 57 30' W. Lat. 53 45' N. Nette, or Netha, r. Prussian states, which falls into the Weser, 3 m, S. Corvey. Nettolics, or Ncttolicsy, t. Bohemia, 6 m. E. Prachatitz, 72 S. Prague. Pop. 1,700. Nettuno, t. Italy, in the States of the Church, on the sea coast, 30 m. S. S. E. Rome. Nets, or Notec, r. which rises in Poland, and falls into the Wartha, above Landsberg. Neva, r. Russia, which issues from the great lake Ladoga ; and after a W. course of about 35 miles, empties itself into the gulf of Finland, be- below St. Petersburg, -by three mouth?. It is from 300 to 400 yards wide, and from 10 to 15 feet deep. Nevada, or Sierra Nevada, i. e. Snowy Range, a well known chain of mountains in the S. of Spain. It branches off from the great Iberian chain, in the vicinity of the Sierras de Filabres and Algamilla, runs through Granada and Anda- lusia from E. to W. and terminates on the shore 5 of the Mediterranean, in several promontories, of which that of Gibraltar is the most remarkable. The loftiest peak is 13,600 feet high. Neubourg, t. France, in Eure, 1 1 m. N. W. Ev- reux. Pop. 1,500. Neuburg, called also the Younger Palatinate, formerly a dutchy of the German empire, contain- ing 1,080 sq. miles, and 102,000 inhabitants. It is now included in the Bavarian circle of the Up- per Danube and the Ilegen. Neuburg, t. Germany, in Bavaria, on the Dan- ube, 1 1 rn. W. Ingolstadt. Lon. 1 1 11' E. Lat. 4844'N. Pop. 4,000. Neuburg. See Kloster-Neuburg ; also Korn- Neuburg. Neudamm, t. Prussian states, in Brandenburg, 11 m. N. by E. Custrim, 60 E. N. E. Berlin. Pop. 2,200. Neudeck, t. Bohemia, 10 m. N. W. Carlsbad. Pop. 1 ,400. Neudenau, t. Baden, on the Jaxt, 11 m. N. by E. Heilbron. Pop. 1,100. Nerd, t. Eu. Russia, 53 m. N. N. W. Vitep'sk Pop. 2,000. Nevelc, t. Netherlands, in East Flanders, 8 m. W. by S. Ghent. Pop. 3,200. Neuenburg, or Noice, t. Prussia, on tho Vistula, 10m. S. W. Marienwerder. Pop. 1,800. Neuenburg, t. Baden, on the Rhine, 15 m. S. Old Brisach. Pop. 800. Neuenburg, t. Wirtemberg, on the Enz, 26 m. W. Stutgard. Pop. 1,700. Neuen-Kalden, t. Germany, in Mecklenburg* Schwerin, 30 m. S. E. Rostock. Pop. 1,300. Neuenkirchen, t. Prussian States, 16 m. W. N. W. Paderborn. Pop. 1,200. Neuenkirchen, t. Hanover, 5 m. S. W. Otten- dorf. Pop. 1 ,100. Neuen-Olling. See Getting, New. Neuenrade, t. Prussian States, 7 m. S. Iserlohn. Pop. 1,500. Neuensladt, t. Wirtemberg, on the Kocher, 10 m. W. N. W. Oehringen. Pop. 1,250. Neuenslein, t. Wirtemberg, 3 m. E. Oehringen. Pop. 1,400. Neverburg, t. Prussian province of the Lower Rhine, 19 m. N. N. W. Treves. Pop. 1,300. Neveri, r. S. America, in Cumana, which runs into the sea between the cities of Barcelona and Cumana. 514 N E U JVVrers, t. France, cap. of Nierre, on the Loire, where that river is joined by the Nievre. It has maivfacUires of glass, plate, hardware, earthen- ware, and enamel. The neigbourhood has iron mines, and a number of forges ; also founderies for cannon, cannon-balls, and anchor*. It is the see of a bishop. 30 m. N. N. W. Moulin?, 116 N W. Lyons. Lon. 3 9' E. Lat. 46 59' N. Pop. 12,000. Nertrsink, or Navesink, t. Sullivan co. N. Y. Pop. 1,380. .Vnv?r**/it, r. Ulster co. N. Y. which runs into the Delaware. .\crersmk hills. See Naresink. .Vttrfbourg. See Neubourg. Neufchateau, t France, in Vosges, 28 m. S. W. Nancy. Pop. 2.700 Neitfchaieau, t. Netherlands, in the granddutchy of Luxemburg, 30 m. W. N. W. Luxemburg. Pop. 1,:?00. ffeitfchalel, a canton in the W. of Switzerland, boiuz.iWl by the canton of Bern, the lake of iNeuf- chatel. t.he*Pays de Va:id, and a part of the fron- tier of France. Extent, 340 square miles. Pop. 50,000. It has manufactures of cotton, linen and woollen, lace an 1 stockings ; also of watches and other works in metal. The inhabitants, except about 2,000, are Protestants Their language is French.. In 1707, on the extinction of the reign- ing family, the State acknowledged the claims of the king of Prussia to the sovereignty. In 1807, by the treaty of Tilsit, it Avas ceded by Prussia to Franca, and given by Bonaparte to marshal Ber- thier. In 1814, it "was restored to Prussia. Ncufchutel, can. of the foregoing canton, is on the lake of Neulchatel. It has manufactures of printed cottons and linens. 50 m. N". E. Lausanne, 25 W. Bern. Lon. 7 E. Lat. 47 5' N. Pop. 5,000. N.ufc/iatel, Lake of, in the N. W of Switzer- land, between the canton of that name and the canton of Friburj;. It is about 20 miles long, and 4 broad. Its waters flow through the small lake of Bienne into the Aar, and eventually into the Rhine. Neufchatel, t. France, in Lower Seine, 26 m. N. E. Rouen. Pop. 2,900. Neufeld, t. Austrian States, on the river Muhl, !7m.N. W.Lintz. Neuffen, t. Wirtemberg, 17 m. S. S. E. Stut- gard. Pop. 1,500. Neufren, t. Germany, in Hohenzollern, 10 m. N. Sigmaringen. Pop. 900. Neuhaus, or Gindrzichu PJradics, t. Bohemia, 68 m. S. S. E. Prague. Pop. 5,200. Jfeuhaiis, t. Hanover, in the dutchy of Bremen, at the influx of the Oste into the Elbe, 18 m. W. Gluckstadt Pop. 1,500. Neuhaus, t. Prussian States, where the Padcr and Alme fall into the Lippe, 2 m. N. N. E. Pader- born. Pop. 1,500. tfeuhenuete t. Hungary, 48 m. E. by S. Pres- burg i JVfu/musenf v. Switz. 8 m. W. by S. Schaff- hausen. JW//o/, v. Hesse-Cassel, 6 m. S. S. W. Fulda. Aec///a, p-v. Clennont co. Ohio. Ntuille, t. France, in Indre-and- Loire, 14 m. N. W. Tours. Pop. 1,WX). JYeuilly, v. France, 3 m. N.W. Paris. It is situ- ated on the Seine, and gives name to the N. W. entrance into the capital. Pop. 2,500. N E U NcuiUy le Real, t. France, in Allier, 9 m. S. S- E. Moulins. Pop. 1,200. fieuilly V Ereque, t. France, in Upper Marne, 9 m. N. by E. Langres. Pop. 1,000. J\"cuiily St. Front, t. France, in Aisnc, 9 m. N. N. W. Chateau-Thierry. Pop. 1,800. ' Bay, bay on the W. shore of Hudson's bay. Lon. 94" W. Lat 61 58' N. J\'> ii/sville, p-t. Clermont co. Ohio, on Ohio riv- er, 21 m. W. Williamsburg. Pop. in 1815, 200. J\'cris, or J\"ie ris, isl. of the West Indies, belong- ing to the English It is a beautiful spot, and lit- tle more than a single mountain, whose base is 23 miles in circumference. It is well watered, and in general fertile, producing on an average one hogs- head of sugar per acre, and about 4.000 hogsheads in the whole. Lon. 62" 35' W. Lat. 1714'N. Pop. 16 ; 000, of whom 6,000 are whites, and 10,000 negroes. Neukirchen, t. Germany, in the electorate of Hesse, 31 m. S. Cassel. Pop. 1,600. Neukirchen, or Mark Neukirchen, t. Saxony, 13 m. S. E. Plauen. Pop. 1,400. Neukirchen, t. Bavaria, 40 m. E. N. E. Ratis- bon, 14 E. by N. Cham. Pop. 1,100. Neuter, v. Wirtemberg, 35 m. N. Ulm. Pop. 1,500. Neumagen, t. Prussian province of the Lower Rhine, on the Moselle, 11 m. E. N. E. Treves. Pop. 1,100. Nmtmark, t. Austrian States, in Tyrol, on the Ad ; ge, 1 9 m. N. N. E. Trent. Ntumarkt, t. Bavaria, 19 m. S. E. Nuremberg. Pop. 2,400. Neumarkl, t. Bavaria, 43 m. E. N. E. Munich. Pop. 900. Aevmarfa, t. Prussian States, 21 m. W. N. W. Breslau. Pop. 2.100. Net/mark/, or Tersezh, t. Austrian States, 16m. S. Clagenfurt. Neumunster,t. Holstein, 18 m. S. W.Kiel, 28 N. Hambargh. Pop. 1,500. Neundorf, Langen, v. Prussian states, 5 m. N. N. E. Buntzlau. Pop. 1 ,000. Neunkirchen, t. Austria, 35 m. S. by W.Vienna. Pop. 3,000. Neuresche, or Nowarzisse, t Austrian states, in Moravia, 42 m. W. Brunn. Pop. 900. Neuroda, t. Prussian States, 13 m. N. Glatz. Pop. 3,000. Neusals, t. Prussian States, 22 m. N. W. Glo- gau. Pop. 1,700. Neusals, or Neo-Planla, or Vj- Videk, t. Hunga- ry, in the palatinate of Bacs, on the Danube. Lon. 19 52' E. Lat. 45 16' N. Pop. 13,400. Neuse, r. N. C. rises near Hillsborough, in the northern part of the State, arid after a S. E. course of more than 500 miles, falls into Pamlico Sound, 70 m. below Newbern. It is navigable for sea vessels 12 miles above Newbern, and for boats 200. Neusiedler-See, or Ferloe, lake, in the W. of Hungary, about 30 miles long, and 10 broad. Neusohl t or Besslercze-Banya, t. of the N. W. of Hungary, on the rivers Gran and Bistricz. In the neighborhood are extensive copper mines, and the town contain? a manufactory of sword blades. JOO m E. N. E. Presburg, 86 N. Pest. Lon. 19 9' E. Lat 48 45' N. Pop. 10,100. Neuss, t. Prussian province of Berg and Cleves, on the Erfft, near its influx into the Rhine, 3 m. S.W. Dusseldorf. Pop. 5,400. Neustadt, t. Germany, in the dutchy of Brims- N E U wick. Here are the productive salt-works of Juliushall, belonging in common to Brunswick and Hanover. Pop. 1,000. 5 m. E. by S. Goslar, 25 S. Brunswick. Neustadt,i. Hesse-Cassel, 13 m. E. Marpurg. Pop. 1,500. Neustadt, t. Mecklenburg-Schwerm, 18 m. S. by E. Schwerin. Pop. 1,000. Neustadt, t. Poland, 90 m. E. Konigsberg. Pop. 2,300. Neustadt, t. Prussian States, 57 m. S. S. E. Bres- lau. Pop. 3,700. Neustadt, or Livowek, t. Prussian Poland, 30 m. S. S. E. Posen. Pop. 1,750, of whom about a fourth are Jews. Neustadt, t. Saxony, 19m. E. Dresden. Pop. 1,500. Neustadt, t. West Prussia, 22 m. N. N. W. Dant- zic. Pop. 950. Neustadt, t. Prussian Saxony, adjoining Magde- burg. Pop. 5,700. Jroitt/adt, a circle of Saxony, ceded to Prussia in 1JJ15. The greater part was subsequently made over to the grand duke of Saxe- Weimar. Neustadt, Maehrisch, or Moravian, t. Austrian States, in Moravia, 13 m. N. Olmutz. Pop. 3,000. Neustadt, or Nowy-Miesto, t. Bohemia, 76 m. E. N. E. Prague. Pop. 1,400. Neustadt, t. Denmark, in the dutchy of Holstein, on the bay of Lubeck. Pop . 1,400. Neustadt, t. Baden, 17 m. E. S. E. Freyburg. Pop. 1,150. Jfetutadt, t. Bavaria, on the Danube, 18 m. S. W. Ratisbon. Pop. 900. JYeusladt, t. Bavaria, 50 m. N. by E. Ratisbon. Pop. 1,150. Neustadt- Eberswald, t. Prussian Slates, in Bran- denburg, at the confluence of the Finow and the Schwarz, 30 m. N. E. Berlin. Pop. 3,000. Neustadt on the Alsch, t. Bavarian States, 22 m. W. N. W. Nuremburg. Pop. 1,900. Neustadt on the Dosse, t. Prussia, in Branden- burg, 44 m. W. N. W. Berlin. Pop. 800. Neustadt on the Hart, t. Bavarian States, 12 m. N. Landau, 17 S. W. Manheim. Pop. 2,900. Neustadt on the Heath,i. Germany, in the dutchy of Saxe-Coburg, 8 m. N. E. Coburg. Pop. 1,600. Ncusladl on t/ie Knlm, t. Bavaria, 15 m. S. E. Bayreuth. Pop. 900. Neustadt on the Ode, t. Germany, in the grand dutchy of Saxe- Weimar, 24 m. S. E. Weimar, 16 S.W. Gera. Lon. 12 5' 10" E. Lat. 50 44' 34" N. Pop. 2,500. Neustadt on the Rubenberg, t. Hanover, on the Leine, 15 m. N.W. Hanover. Pop. 1,300. Neusladt on the Saale, t. Bavaria, 41 m. N. by E. Wurzburg. Pop. 1,650. Neasludt Wienerisch, a fortified t. Lower Aus- tria, on the Fischa and the Steinfeld. Here is a military school which has 36 professors, and 440 pupils. It has manufactures of pins, brass-wire, silk -tuffs, woollens, and stone ware. A canal con- nects this town with Vienna. 28 m. S. Vienna. Pop. 7,000. Neuxtadtel, or Rudolphswerlh, t. Austrian States, 25 m. S. S. E. Laybach, 46 E. N. E. Fiume. Pop. ' Neuitadtel, t Prussian States, 15 m. W. by N. Great Glogau. Pop. 1,000. Neuleich, t. West Prussia, 16 m. W. Elbin*. Pop. 1,300. Neulra, or Nyitra, a palatinate of the N. W. of NEW 515 Hungary, bordering on Moravia. Area, 2,570 square miles Pop. 320,000. Neutra, or Nitra, the capital, is 44 m. E. by N. Presburg. Pop. 3,900. Neuve Eglise, t. Netherlands, in West Flanders, 10 m. S. Ypres. Pop. 2,900. Neuvic, t. France, in Dordogne, 14 m. S. W. Perigueux. Pop. 1,800. Neuvic, t. France, in Correze, 14 m. S. Ussel, 27 E. by N. Tulle/ Pop. 1,700. Neuvic Entier, t. France, in Upper- Vienne. Pop. 1,200. Neuville, or Neustadt, t. Swiss canton of Bern, 1 m. N. E. Neufchatel, 19 W. N. W. Berne. Pop. 1,200. Neuville, or Nomlle, t. Switz. in the Pays de Vautl, 22 m. S. E. Lausanne. Neuville, t. France, on the Saone, 9 m. N. Lyons. Pop. 1,700. Neuville, or Point aux Trembles, seigniory, Hampshire co. Lower Canada, on the N. side of the St. Lawrence, 16 m. W. by S. Quebec. Neuville, t. Cumberland co. Pa. Pop. 412. Neuville au Pont, t. France, in Marne, on the Aisne, 3 m. N. W. St. Menehould. Pop. 1,200. Neuville aux Buis, t. France, in Loiret, 12 m. N. Orleans. Pop. 2,000. Neuvy, t. France, in Nievre, 3 m. W. Clamecy. Pop. 1,300. Neuvy, t. France, in Saone-and-Loire. Pop. 1,000. Neuvy It Roi, t. France, in Indre-and-Loire, 13 m. N. Tours. Pop. 1,600. Neuvy le Sautour, t. France, in Yonne, 17 m. N. W. Tonuere. Pop. 1,350. Neury, or 6V. Scpulcre, t. France, in Indre, 14 m. S. Chateauroux. Pop. 1,700. Neuvy sur Baranian, t. France, in Cher, 16 m. N. N. W. Bourses. Pop. 800. Neuwarp, t. Prussia, in Pomerania, 23 m. N. N. W. Stettin. Pop. 1 ,350. Neuwedel, t. Prussia, in Brandenburg, 28 m. E. Stargard. Pop 1,350. Neuwied, t. Prussian States, in the province of the Lower Rhine, government of Coblentz, on the Rhine. It has a variety of manufactures, of cot- ton and wool, hardware, linen, soap, watches, and cabinet-making. From its vicinity to the Rhine, it has also a traffic in corn, wine, timber, and pot- ash. 7 m. N. N. W. Coblentz, 42 S. S. E. Cologne. Pop 3,600. Neryn, or Nejin, t. Wales, in Caernarvonshire, 249 rn'. N. W. London. Pop. 1,177. New Albany, p-t. and cap. Floyd co. Indiana, on the Ohio, nearly opposite Portland, Ken. and 4 m. below the falls at Jeffersonville. It is situated on the second bank of the Ohio ; the town was com- menced in 1814, and has had a rapid growth, containing at present 150 dwelling houses, a Presbyterian church and about 1,000 inhabitants. Here are a steam saw, and grist mill, and a ship yard. It abounds with springs of excellent water and is very healthy. New Albion, a name formerly applied to a coun- try of indefinite extent on the W. coast of N. America, extending, according to some, from 30 to 38 N. lat., and according to others, from 43 to 48. The name is left out of the best modern maps. New Alexandria, p-v. Westmoreland co. Pa. New Alexandria, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. New Amsterdam,t. and cap. of Berbice, S. Amer- ica. stand.s on Berbice river, 4 m. above its mouth. NEW Top. about 150 whites. Th* Government-house is perhaps the largest in the West Indie's. It is built of brick. Here is also a court-house, a 1 )utrh Lutheran Church, a Dutch Protestant Church, ami a missionary chapel for the blacks and color- ed people. Newark, borough, Eng. in Nottingham co. is a considerable trading town, next to Nottingham the largest in the county, and a noted stage on the great road from London to York. It stands on a brunch of the Trent. It enjoys a flourishing trade in corn, coal, cattle, wool, and other commodities. 20m. N. E. Nottingham, KM N.W. London. Lon. 0" 49' W. Lat. 53 5' N . Pop, 7,236. Newark, t. Upper Canada, 7 m. N. Queenstown, stands on an extensive plain at the extrance of the river Niagara into Lake Ontario, and almost fronting Fort Niagara on the American side. It was destroyed by the Americans in December 1813, but is now handsomely rebuilt and contains 2 churches, 1 for Presbyterians and t for Episco- palians. Here is a printing office from which a weekly newspaper is issued. Newark, t. Essex co. Vt. 44 m. N. E. Montpe- Her. Pop 154. Newark, p-t. and cap. Essex co. N. J. is pleas- antly situated near the W. bank of Passaic river, 2 or 3 miles in a direct line from its mouth in Newark bay, 9 m. W. New- York city, 6 iV. Eliza- bethtown. It is a handsome and flourishing town, and celebrated for the excellence of the cider made in its neighborhood. In this and in the adjoining town of Orange, there are valuable quarries of stone for building, and numerous tanneries ; and shoes are manufactured on a large scale. New- ark contains a court-house, jail, 2 banks, an acad- emy, and 5 houses of public worship, 2 for Pres- byterians, 1 for Episcopalians, 1 for Baptists, and I for Methodists. One of the Presbyterian churches is of stone, and is the largest and most elegant building of the kind in the State. Pop. 6,507. Newark bay, in N. J. is formed by the confluence of the Passaic and Hackinsack rivers, and is sepa- rated from Hudson river on the E. by Bergen neck. It communicates with New- York bay by a navi- gable channel on the N. side of Staten Island, and with Ainboy bay by a channel along the W. side of the island. Newark, p-t. Newcastle co. Del. Newark, p-t. and cap. Licking co. Ohio, on Lick- ing river, 26 m. W. N. W. Zanesville, 33 E. by N. Columbus. It contains a court-house, printing- office and Presbyterian church. Pop. 962. New Ashfurd, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 20 m. N. Lenox. Pop. 358. New Jltliens, t. Harrison co. Ohio, 6 m. S.Cadiz. Newbald Cape, cape on the N. coast of New- Holland, near the entrance into the gulf of Carpen- taria. Newluittle, or Newboltle, v. Scotland, 7 m. S. Edinburgh. New Baltimore, t. Greene co. N.Y. on the Hud- son, 16 m. above Catskill, 18 below Albany. Pop. 2,036. New Baltimore, p-v. Faquier co. Va. New Rorbadots, t. Bergen co. N. J. on the Pas- saic. Pop. 2,592. 'New Bedford, p-t. and s-p. Bristol co. Mass, on a small bay which sets up from the N. side of Buz- zard's bay, between Clarke's neck on the W. and Sconticutt point on the E. An island between the points readers the entrance narrow, but the harbor NEW is ?afe and commodious. The inhabitants are very extensively engaged in the whale fishery. In loathe number of vessels employed in this fishery was 68; tonnage 16,222; navigated by 1,350 men and boys. The cod fishery, also employs a large number of vessels, and there are several ships engaged in foreign trade. The principal ex- ports are whale oil, spermaceti candles, and fish. New Bedford contains a bank, insurance office, academy, 5 houses for public worship, 1 for Friends, 2 for Congregational ists, and 2 for Bap- tists. In 1810, before the separation of Fairhaven, the population was 5,651 ; in 1820, 3,947. New Bedford, p-t. Mercer co. Pa. New Berlin. See Lancaster. N. Y. New Berlin., p-t. Union co. Pa. Pop. 515. Newbern, p-v. Montgomery co. Va. Newbern, p-t. port of entry, and cap. Craven cc. N. C. on a flat sandy point of land, at the junction of Neuse river with the Trent, 35 m. S. S. W. Washington, 123 S. E. Raleigh, 100 N. N. E. Wil- mington, 290 N. E. Charleston. Lon. 77 25' W. Lat. 35 20' N. Pop. in 1818, nearly 6,000. It ie the largest town in the State, and more healthy than any other near the sea coast. It contains a court-house, jail, theatre, 2 banks, and 3 houses of public worship, 1 for Episcopalians, 1 for Bap- tists, and 1 for Methodists. The shipping of New- bern District in 1815, WHS 5,049 tons. Considera- ble commerce is carried on in the export of lum- ber, naval stores, grain and pork. Newberry, p-t. Burlington co. N. J. Newberry, t. Lycoming co. Pa. on Lycoming river, at its entrance into the Susquehannah, op- posite Williamsport. Newberry. p-t. Christian co. Ken. Newbills, p-v. Campbell co. Va. New Bislritz, or New Fistritz, t. Bohemia, 28 m E. Budweis. Pop. 2,100. Newborough, t. Wales, in the island of Anglesey. 6 in. N. W. Caernarvon, 257 N.W. London. Pop. 750. Newborough, or Gorey, t. Ireland, in Wexford co. 21 m. N. Wexford, 39 S. Dublin. Newborough, t. Eng. in Staffordshire, 6 m. S. E. Uttoxeter. Pop. 623. New Boston, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 17 m. S.Concord. Pop. 1,686. New Boston, p-t. Clark co. Ohio. 4 m. S. W. Springfield. Pop. in 1815, 600. New Bourbon, v. St. Genevieve co. Missouri, on the Mississippi, 2m. below St. Genevieve, 53 S. St. Louis. It contains about 70 houses. New Brainlree, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 18 m. W. N. W. Worcester. Pop. 888. New Brandenburg, t. Germany, in the grand dutchy of Mecldenburg-Strelitz, 53m.W. Stettin. Pop. 4,700. New Britain, t. Bucks co. Pa. 25 m. from Phil- adelphia. Pop. 1,082. New Britain. See Britain, New. New Brownsville, t. Wayne co. Ohio. New Brunswick, one of the four British provin- ces in N. America, bounded S. by the bay of Fun- dy, W. by the United States, N. by Canada and E. by the gulf of St. Lawrence. The principal rivers are the St. John, Miramichi and Ristigou- che. The lands on the rivers, especially on the St. John, are very fertile, and the settlements lie principally on this river and on the Miramichi. Coal of a superior quality is foun'l on the Grand lake near St. John river. The tract of country so prolific in gypsum, commences in this province NEW at Martin's head on the bay of Fundy, and extends E. into Nova Scotia. The chief arti- cles of export are lumber, codfish, salmon, and herring. The principal ports are St. John, St. Andrews, Miramiehi and the West Isles. Dur- ins the year ending Jan. 5, 1822, the amount of shipping entered at these ports was 336,185 tons, and the amount of shipping cleared for the same period, 399,667 tons. The province is divided into 8 counties. From the militia returns the population in 1822 was estimated at 80,000. Fredericton is the capital. St. John is the largest town. Newburgh, t. Scotland, in Fifeshire, on the S. bank of the Tay. The harbor is spacious, and the Tay is navigable for vessels of 500 tons to this place. Pop. 2,000. Newburgh, v. Scotland, in Aberdeenshire, at the mouth of the Ythan, 10 m. N. Aberdeen. Pop. 200. Newburgh, t. Penobscot co. Maine. Pop. 328. Newburgh, p-t.~and halfshirc town, Orange co. N. Y. on the W. bank of the Hudson, 95 m. S. of Albany, and 70 on the stage road N. of New York. Pop. of the village 2,877, whole town 5,812. The village is pleasantly situated on the Hudson. lit trade employs about 30 vessels, and few places are increasing more rapidly in wealth and popu- lation. It contains a bank, court-house, academy, and 4 houses for public worship, 2 for Presbyte- rians, 1 for Episcopalians, and 1 for Methodists. On Chamber's creek near this town is an exten- sive cannon foundry. Newburgh, t. Cuyahoga co. Ohio, S.E. of Cleve- land. Pop. 756. New Burlington, p-v. Athens co. Ohio. Newbury, borough t. Eng. in Berkshire, one of the largest towns in the county, and formerly cel- ebrated for its woollen manufactures, which, how- ever, have now greatly declined. It is in a fertile plain, on the banks of the Kenuet. 17 m. W. by S. Reading, 56 W. London. Lon. 1 20' W. Lat. 51" 23- N. Pop. 4,898. Newbury, t. Orange co. Vt. on Connecticut riv- er, opposite Haverhill, 34 m. E. S. E. Montpelier, 47 above Windsor. Pop. 1,623. Newbury, t. Essex co. Mass, on the S. bank of Merrimack river, bordering on Newburyport, and opposite to Salisbury, with which it is connected by a bridge, 24 m. N. Salem, 32 N. N. E. Boston. Pop. 3,67 1 . It contains 2 academies, and 5 parish- es, in each of which there is a Congregational meeting-house. Ntwbury, t. York co. Pa. on the W. side of the Susquehannah. Pop. 1,794. Newbury, district, in the central part of S. C. Pop. 1 6, 104. Slaves 5,749. Engaged in agricul- ture 6,276, in commerce 76, in manufactures 274. At the court-house is a post-office. Newbury, t. Geauga co. Ohio. Pop. 337. Newbury, t. Miami co. Ohio. Pop. 542. Newburyport, p-t. and port of entry, Essex co. Mass, on the S. bank of Merrimack river, 3 nvles from its mouth, 24 N. of Salem, 24 S. S.W. Ports- mouth, 33 N. N. E. Boston. Lon.' 70 47' W. Lrit. 42 49' N. Pop. 6,852. It is one of the handsomest towns in the U. S. the site being a beautiful declivity, the houses handsomely built, and the streets wide, and intersecting each oilier nearly at right angles. It contains 2 banks, 2 in- surance offices, and 7 houses of public worship, 3 for Congregational ists, 2 for Presbyterians, 1 for Episcopalians, and 1 for Baptists, It is the NEW 517 third town in the State in population and com- merce. The amount of shipping in 1815, was 24,922 tons, employed partly in the coasting trade and fisheries, and partly in the trade to the West Indies, Europe, and the East Indies. The town is well situated for ship building, having the ad- vantage of receiving lumber from the interior by Merrimack river. The harbor is deep, safe, and spacious, but difficult to enter. The town suffered severely by the restrictions on com- merce previous to the late war, and by fire in 1811. It has not yet fully recovered from these misfortunes. Newby's cross-roads, p-v. Culpeper co. Va. New Caledonia, a country of N. America, lying W. of the Rocky mountains, bounded S. by Ore- gon territory, and N. by the Russian settlements. This country is so intersected by rivers and lakes that one-sixth of the surface is supposed to be wa- ter. The principal rivers are Peace river, which pierces the Rocky mountains and communicates through Slave lake and Mackenzie's river with the Frozen Ocean, and Tacoutche Tesse and Caledonia rivers which fall into the Pacific. Among the lakes are Great Bear, Stuart's, Fra- zer's arid Macleod's. The mountains are covered to their summits with timber, consisting of spruce and other kinds of firs, poplar, cypress, aspin, c. Wild animals are numerous, and in the waters are immense quantities of salmon, which afford the chief means of subsistence to the natives. The temperature is higher than on the eastern side of the mountains in the same latitude. The N. W, Fur Company have a post on Stuart's lake, and another on Frazer's lake. New Caledonia, Austral Asia. See Caledonia* New Canaan, p-t. Fairfield co Ct. 8 m. from Long Island Sound, 77 S.W. Hartford. Pop. 1,689. It contains 2 churches and an academy. New Canton, p-v. Buckingham co. Va. New Carlisle, t. and cap. Gaspe co. Lower Can- ada, on Chaleur Bay. It contains about o'O houses. Newcastle, t. Ireland, 20 m. S. W. Limerick. Newcastle, t. Ireland, 10 m. W. S. W. Dublin. Newcastle, district Up. Canada, comprises the counties of Northumberland and Durham. Newcastle, t. and cap. Northumberland co. New Brunswick, on Miramiehi bay. It contains a court- house and jail. Newcastle, t. New Holland, in the colony of New South Wales, at the mouth of Coal river, 60 m. N. of Sidney. Its inhabitants are chiefly incorri- gible offenders, banished from Botany bay for their crimes. Pop. 500. Newcastle, p-t. Lincoln co. Maine, on the W. side of Sheepscot river, 7 m. E. Wiscasset. Pop. 1,240. At Woodbridge neck, in this town, an early European settlement was made, but after- wards abandoned. Newcastle, or Great Island, ial. and t. Rocking- ham co. N. FI. at the mouth of the Piscataqua,2 m. E. Portsmouth. Pop. 932. Here is a fort and a light-house. Newcastle, t Westchester co. N. Y. 37 m. N. New York, 6 W. Bedford Pop. 1,368. Newcastle, p-t. Mercer co. Pa. Newcastle, co Del. bounded N. by Pennsylva- nia, E. by Delaware river and bay, S. by Kent < ounty, and W. by Maryland. Pop. 27,899. Slaves 1,195. Engaged in agriculture 4,099,in commerce 191, in manufactures 1,861. Chief towns, New- castle and Wilmington. 518 NEW Newcastle, p-t. and cap. Newcastle co. Dela- ware, on Delaware river. The village contains 2 churches, a court-house, jail, and about 200 houses. It carries on a considerable trade in wheat. 34 m. S. W. Philadelphia, Lat. 39 38' N. Pop. 2,671. Newcastle, p-t. Hanover co. Va. 24 m. N. E. Richmond. Newcastle, p-v. Botetourt co. Va. Neiccastle, p-t. and cap. of Henry co, Ken. on Kentucky river. It is a flourishing town, in a fer- tile country. It contains a court-house and jail. The houses are principally of brick. Pop. in 1818, 700 or 800. Newcastle, t. Coshocton co. Ohio. Pop. 540. Newcastle, t. Muskingum co. Ohio. Newcastle Island, small isl. in the Florida stream, Lon. 81 40' W. Lat. 24 48' N Newcastle in Elmyn, t. Wales, 20 m. N. W. Caer- marthen, 223 W. London. Lon. 4 27' W. Lat. 52 2' N. Newcastle-upon-Tyne, t. Eng. in Northumber- land co. on the N. bank of the Tyne, about 10 miles from its mouth. Ships of 300 or 400 tons burden may reach the town. The new parts of the town are laid out with skill and taste, and in a superior style of architecture ; and the spirit of improvement, with the increasing prosperity of the place, bid fair to render it equal in conveni- ence and elegance to the first town in the kingdom. The charitable and literary institutions are nu- merous, and in a style adequate to the opulent and liberal spirit of the place. The situation of Newcastle, on the banks of a navigable river, and in the greatest coal district in the world, is the chief circumstances which has raised it to its present rank and importance. The principal collieries are situated along the Tyne, both above and below the town ; from this magazine the vast consumption of the metropolis, the whole of the eastern and most of the southern coasts of the island, and the opposite coasts of France, Holland, and Germany, have for centuries been supplied. In eight years, from January 1802 to December 1809, 4,7 13, 476 Newcastle chaldrons, or 12,490,700 tons of coals, were exported from the Tyne ; that is nearly 600,000 chaldrons an- nually. In 1819, the quantity exported wascoast- wise, 639,987 Newcastle chaldrons ; over sea, 39,735. From the coal pits, which are generally near the banks of the Tyne, the coals are conveyed to the river in rail or tram roads, which, having a gentle declivity all the way, the waggons, several of them joined together, descend of themselves, and having delivered their contents at the sta- tions o.r staiths, are carried back by another road to the mine. From the staiths the coals are con- veyed, for exportation, in keels or long boats, man- ned by the keelmen, to their respective vessels. The keelmen are a stout and hardy race ; and the whole of the traffic in coals affords, indeed, an ex- cellent nursery for seamen. Besides the coal trade, Newcastle enjoys a considerable and flour- ishing foreign trade, and is moreover rich with va- rious and extensive manufactories. Several ships are also sent to the Greenland fishery ; and the total amount of shipping that belongs to the port, is at present computed at 834 ships, which meas- ure 184, 149 tons, and employ 8,732 men. The number of vessels which cleared out in 1819, were Coasters, 8,828 ; foreign, 995. Among the man- ufacturing establishments are, brick fields, potte- ries, glass-houses, and chemical works for making NEW white lead, minium, and vitriol ; manufactories ii iron, tin, and every kind of metal ; machines for fabricating brass wire, plate metal, &c. Ship- building is carried on to a great extent. 270 m. N. by W. London. Lon. 1 U 37' W. Lat. 54 58' N. Pop. in 1811,35,711. Newcastle, or Neuicastle-under-Line, t. Eng. iu Staffordshire, on the E. bank of the L*ne, a branch of the Trent." The chief business consists in the clothing trade and the manufacture of hats. Around the town, the villages to a considerable distance are entirely occupied with the manufactures of porcelain, earthenware, stone ware, &c. forming one great system, which, for its extent, and the perfection to which the manufacture has been carried, is perhaps unequalled in the world. This district abounds with coal. Newcastle sends two members to parliament 15 m. N. Stafford, 149 N. W. Loudon. Lon. 2 13' W. Lat. 53 1' N. Pop. 6,175. New Charleston, t. Penobscot co. Maine, 20 m. N. W. Bangor. Pop. 344. It is a fine township of land, and the population is rapidly increasing. New Chester, t Grafton co. N. H. on the Merri- mack, 16 m. S. Plymouth. Pop. 971. Newchurch, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 7 m. S. S. W. Burnley. Pop. 6,930. New Comerstown,t. Tuscarawas co. Ohio, 18m. S. S. W. New Philadelphia. New Connecticut. See Connecticut Reserve. New Creek, r. N. C. which runs into the sea, in Ion. 76 52' W. lat. 34 47' N. New Durham, t. Strafford co. N. H. 38 m. N.W. Portsmouth. Pop. 1,168. New Egypt, p-v. Monmouth co. N. J. Newell, or French camps, in Mississippi, a mis- sionary stati on among the Choctaws, established in 1821 by members of the mission family at Elli- ot. It is in an elevated and healthy situation on the dividing land between the waters of Pearl river and the Big Black. The buildings stand on an agreeable eminence, 50 rods W. of the public road leading: to Natches. S. W. from Mayhew. New England^ the N. E. Section of the U. States, bounded N. by Canada, E. by New Brunswick and the Atlantic, S. by the Atlantic and Long isl- and sound, and W. by New- York. It compre- hends the states of Maine, New Hampshire, Ver- mont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecti- cut. The face of the country is generally hilly, and agreeably diversified. The soil is various, from barren sand to the richest clays and loams. It is generally better fitted for grazing than for til- lage. The most important production is grass. Beef, mutton, pork, butter and cheese, are abun- dant. Indian corn, rye, wheat, barley, and oats, are extensively cultivated. Lon. 64 54' to 73 26' W. Lat. 41 to 48 12' N. Extent.65,000 sq. miles. Pop. 1,659,854. Newenliam, Cape, point on the N. W. coast of America. Lon. 197 36' E. Lat. 58 42' N. Newent, t. Eng. in Gloucester co. 8 m. N. W. Gloucester, 112 W. by N. London. Lon. 2 24' W. Lat. 51 55' N. Pop. 2,538. New Fairfield, t. Fairfield co. Ct. 7 m. N. Dan- bury, 64 S. W. Hartford. Pop. 788. Newfane, t. and cap. Windham co. Vt. on West river, 12 m. N. W. Brattleboro', 105 S. Montpe- lier. Pop. 1,506. It contains a court-house, jail, and a church. New Feliciana, co. Louisiana, on the E. bank of the Mississippi, bounded N. by the state of Missis- sippi, E. by St Helena, S. by East Baton Rouge, and W. by Point Coupee. Chief t. St, FrancisviUe, NEW New Felicia-no, p-v. and parish, Feliciana co. La. Ncifjind... \ ork co. Maine, 40m. N. W. York. 36 W.*N. VV. Portland. Pop. 1,147. It contains 2 ch arches, 1 for Congregationalists, and 1 for Baptists. New Forest, an extensive tract in England, county of Southampton, bounded E. by Southamp- ton water, and S. by the English channel. It is 20 miles Ion?;, 15 broad, and contains 92,365 acres. Newfound Lflfe, lake N. H. 6 miles long from N. to S. and 2i broad, which communicates by Newfound river, with the Merrimack, at Bridge- water. Jfaofottndtand, isl. on the E. eide of the gulf of St. Lawrence, separated from the coast of Labra- dor on the north by the straits of Belleisle, between lat. 46 45' and 51 46' N. and between Ion. 52 31' and 59 40' W. being 381 miles long, arid about 900 in circumference. The coasts are subject to fogs, attended \vith almost continual storms of snow and sleet ; the sky being usually overcast. The country is very unequal, and covered with hills and mountains, which appear more lofty in the interior parts than near the coast The whole circuit of the island is full of fine bays and harbors. This island, after various disputes, was ceded to England by the treaty of Utrecht, in 17 13. It owes all its importance to the fisheries which are carried on upon its shores, and upon the banks which lie to the S. E. of the island. The Great Bank of Newfoundland, which may properly be deemed a vast mountain under water, is not less than 330 miles long, and about 75 broad. The depth of water upon it varies from 15 to 60 fath- oms. In 1813, during the war in Spain, the ex- ports in fish an 1 oil amounted to .1,000,000 ster- ling. The trade has since greatly declined. Newfound Mills, p-v. Hanover co. Va. New Garden, p-t. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 1,199. New Garden, p-v. Robinson co. N. C. New Garden, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. New Genera, p-v. Fayette co. Pa. New Georgia, islands, 12 in number, in the Po- lar sea, discovered in 1819, by Lieut. Parry. The largest is Melville island, which see. New Germantown, p-v. Huntingdon co N. J. New Glasgow, p-v. Amherst co. Va. Here is an academy for young ladies. New Gloucester, p-t. Cumberland co. Maine, 23 m. N. Portland. Pop. 1,628. Jtew Goshen. See Lexington, N. Y. New Granada, a country in the N. W. corner of S. America, bounded N. by the Caribbean sea ; E. by Venezuela and Guiana ; S. by Peru ; W. by the Pacific ; and N. W. by Guatimala. It ex- tends from 3 30 S. lat. to 12 N. lat. about 1,000 miles, and from 68 to 81 W. Ion. The Andes come from Peru, and pass along the coast of the Pacific ocean, through the whole extent of the country. At Popayan the range divides into 3 branches : the western is the proper Andes, and runs into North America across the isthmus of Darion ; the eastern, called the chain of Venezue- la, runs along the coast of that province, and ter- minates opposite the island of Trinidad ; the mid- dle branch runs north, between the rivers Magda- lena and Cauca, and terminates at the junction of those two streams. The country east' of the An- !9 is an immense plain extending to the river Ori- noco. In the low country, the climate is hot and unhealthy, but in the mountains every variety is experienced, according to the elevation. On the highest summits you meet with everlasting snow, NEW 519 while at Quito and some of the other principal cit- ies, which are elevated many thousand feet above the level of the ocean, the temperature is delight- ful throughout the year. New Granada is celebrated for the richness and variety of its productions, in the vegetable, mine- ral, and animal kingdoms. Here are found all the fruits of tropical climates ; the mountains are rich in gold and silver, emeralds, and platina. There are also animals of an enormous size. The condor, a large bird, has been known to fly away with lambs. Thejacumama is an immense serpent found in the plains east of the Andes, 11 or 12 feet long, and a foot in diameter. The population was esti- mated by Humboldt in 1808, at 1,800,000. A very large proportion are Indians. The principal settle- ments are in the high land on the Andes. This country and Caraccas are now united and form together the Republic of Colombia. New Grantham, t. Cheshire co. N. H. 35 m. N, W. Concord. Pop. 834. New Guinea, or Papua, a large isl. in the East- ern seas, lying N. of New Holland, from which it is separated by Torres' straits. Lat. to 8 S. It is about 1,200 miles long from N. W.to S.E. but has been very little explored. It is supposed by many that it is not a single island, but a greater number of islandsMivided by narrow straits. The inhabitants, as far as they are known, are wild and cruel savages. New Hagerstown, p-t. Tuscarawas co. Ohio. Newhall, t. Eng. in Cheshire, 5 m. S. W. Nant- wich. Pop. 859. New Hamburg, p-v. Edgefield co. S. C. New Hampshire, one of the U. S. bounded JV. by Lower Canada ; E. by Maine ; S. E. by the Atlantic ; S. by Massachusetts ; and W. by Ver- mont. It lies between 42 41' and 45 11' N. lat, and between 70 40' and 72 48' W. Ion. It is 160 miles long from N. to S., 90 in its greatest breadth, and contains 9,491 sq. miles, or 6,074,240 acres-, The State is divided into 6 counties, and 212 towns. Pop. in 1790, 141,885 ; in 1800, 183,858 ; in 1810, 214,460 ; and in 1820, 244,161. Engaged in agriculture 52,384, in commerce 1,068, in man- ufactures 8,699. The great mass of the population is in the southern half of the state. North of Win- ipiseogee lake there are very few inhabitants, ex- cept on Connecticut river. The whole extent of sea-coast is only 18 miles. The shore is generally a sandy beach, and border- ing upon it are salt marshes. For 20 or 30 miles from the coast, the country is either level or vari- egated with small hills and vallies. Beyond this, the hills increase in size, and in many parts of the State swell into lofty mountains, particularly in the north, and along the height of land between the Merrimack and the Connecticut. The high- est summits between the Merrimack and the Con- necticut are Grand Monadnock, near the S. W. corner of the State, which is 3,254 feet above the level of the sea ; Sunapee, mountain, near Suna- pee lake ; and Moosehillock, still further north, the height of which is estimated at 4,636 feet. But the White Mountains are the most celebrated in the State, the highest peak being more than 6,000 feet. The mountains, the lakes, the vallies, and cataracts of New Hampshire, abound with sublime and beautiful scenery, and have acquired for the State, the title of "Switzerland of America." The soil of New Hampshire is generally fertile. The intervals on the large rivers are the richest, and best fitted for tillage, but the uplands arc account- 520 NEW ed the best for grazing. The principal produc- tions are grass, wheat, rye, Indian corn, beef, pork, mutton, butter, and cheese. The principal literary institutions are Dart- mouth college at Hanover, and Exeter academy. The Baptists and Congregationalist? are the pre- vailing religious denominations. In 1817, the num- ber of ordained ministers was estimated at 222, of whom 107 were Baptists, 100 Congregationalists, and 15 of other denominations. The manufactures of New-Hampshire have in- creased very rapidly within a few years. There are now more than 30 cotton and woollen manu- factories, many of them on an extensive scale. A glass manufactory has been established at Keene, and there are two iron manufactories at Franco- nia. The principal exports from New Hampshire . are lumber, pot and pea.l ashes, fish, beef, live cattle, pork, and flax seed. The market for the northern part of the State, is Portland, for the south eastern, Portsmouth and Newbury- port ; for the country on the Merrimack, Boston ; for the country on the Connecticut, Hartford and Boston. The value of the manufactures of this State, in 1810, was $5,225,045. The value of the exports, in 1820, was $240,800. New Hampton, p-t. Strafford co. N. H. on the Merrimack, 30m. N. Concord. Pop. 1,500. Neic Hanover, co. N. C. Pop. 10,866. Slaves 5,561. Engaged in agriculture 2,853, in commerce 159, in manufactures 387. Chief town, Wilming- ton. New Hartford, p-t. Litchfield co. Ct. 20 m. N. W.Hartford. Pop. 1,685. New Hartford, p-v. in Whitestown, Oneida co. N. Y. 2 m. W. Utica. It contains 2 churches, and about 100 houses. Nt,w-Haven, v. Scotland, in Edinburgh co. on the S shore of the frith of Forth, about a mile W. of Leith. It is much resorted to during the sum- mer for bathing. Pop. about 600. Newharcn, v. Eng. at the mouth of the river Ouse The harbor is defended by a fort. Pop. 755. 9 m. E. Brighthelmstone, 59 S. London. Lon. 2 E. Lat. 50 48' N. New-Haven, p-t. Addison co. Vt. on Otter creek. Pop. 1,566. New-Hnren, co, Ct bounded N. by Litchfield and Hartford counties, E. by Middlesex co. S. by, Long Island sound, and W. by Fairfieldco. Pop. 39,616. Engaged in agriculture 6,673, in com- merce 617, in manufactures .2,648. Chief town, New-Haven. New-Haven, city and seaport, New-Haven co. Ct. lies around the head of a harbour, which sets up 4 miles from Long Island Sound, in 41 18' N. lat 72 56' W. Ion. 76 m. N. E. New- York, 34 S. S. W. Hartford, 134 S. W. Boston; 107 S. S. E. Albany. It is the capital of the county, and the semi-T:apital of Connecticut. The city is built on a large plain encircled on all sides, except those occupied by the water, by a fine amphitheatre of hills and mountains, several of which present bold and perpendicular fronts, nearly 400 feet in height. The city is divided in- to two parts, called the Old and New Townships. The old town is laid out in a large square, divided into 9 smaller squares ; each 52 rods on a side, and separated by streets 4 rods m breadth. The cen- tral square is open, and is believed to be one of the handsomest in the United States. The public buildings, are a state-house, the college edifirrs, 5 churches, 2 for Congregationalists, one for Epis- NEW copalians, one for Methodists and one for Baplislr, Besides these buildings the town contains a jail, almshouse, custom house, 2 banks, 3 insurance of- fices, a grammar school, an academy, and 7 print- ing offices, from which are issued 5 weekly news- papers, a religious monthly magazine, and the American Journal of Science and Arts. The houses in New-Haven are generally built of wood, in a neat and commodious, but not an expensive style. Several of those recently erect- ed, however, are elegant and stately edifices of brick. The principal streets are ornamented with trees, and most of the houses are furnished with a piece of ground in the rear, sufficiently large for a garden and fruit trees, giving to the city a rural and pleasant appearance. In the north corner of ..the town, a burying ground has been laid out on a plan entirely new. The field is divided into parallelograms, which are subdivided into family burying places. The ground is planted with trees; the monuments are almost universally of marble, and a considerable number are obelisks. An ex- quisite taste for propriety is discovered in every thing belonging to it ; and the whole has a solemn and impressive appearance. The harbor is well defended from winds, but is shallow, and gradually filling up with mud. This difficulty has been remedied in part by the con- struction of a wharf nearly a mile in length, ex- tending into the harbour. The depth of water on the bar, at low water, is about 6 or 7 feet. Com- mon tides rise six feet, and spring tides 7 or 8. It has communication by steam-boats and packets with New-York. The amount of shipping in 1816, was 12,439 tons. Pop. of the city in 1810, 5,772; in 1820, 7,147, and, including the town- ship, 8,326. Yale College, in this place, is one of the oldest and most respectable colleges in the United States. It was founded in 1701. Its officers in 1822, were a president, 9 professors including 4 medical pro- fessors, and 7 tutors. The trustees consist of the governor of the state, the lieutenant governor, and six senior assistants ; together with the president and ten fellows, being clergymen. The college library contains about 7,000 volumes, and the stu- dents have libraries amounting to 2,000 more. A cabinet of minerals was deposited here in 1811, by George Gibbs, Esq. the original cost of which is said to have been .4,000 sterling. '1 he college buildings censist of 4 spacious edifices, each 4 sto- ries high, and containing 32 rooms for students ; a chapel, containing also a philosophical chamber ; a lyceum, containing the library and recitation rooms ; a laboratory all of brick ; and a dining hall of stone A medical institution is connected with the college. It was established in 1813, and has 4 professors, a valuable anatomical museum and a medical library. The whole number of students in 1822, was 481, of whom 92 were medical stu- dents, 18 resident graduates and 371 undergradu- ates. The whole number educated here, from the establishment of the institution to 1820, was 3,478; of whom there were then living 1,884, a greater number than from any other College in the U. States. On Mill river, near the northern boundary of New-Haven, but within the limits of Hamden, is a manufactory of fire arms, established by Mr. Whitney. The various parts of the process are performed by very ingenious machinery, invented by the proprietor, and there is said to be a much greater uniformity in every part of the muskets NEW made in this manufactory, than can be found in those made in any other place. New- Haven, t. Oswego co. N. Y. on Mexico bay in Lake Ontario. Pop 899. New Huvtn, p-t. Huron co. Ohio. Pop. 481. New Hebrides. See Hebrides New. New Holland, an island between the Indian and Pacific oceans, the largest in the world, and, ac- cording to some geographers, entitled, from its great extent, to the appellation of a continent. It is 2,600 miles long from K. to W. between Sandy cape and the entrance of Shark's bay ; and 2,000 miles broad, between Cape York, on the north, and Wilson's promontory, in 39 10' S. lat. The ' coasts of this extensive country were first discov- ered by the Dutch in 1606, and were visited by Dampier in 1688. In 1770, Capt. Cook explored the eastern coast ; and by various expeditions, fit- ted out by the British government, between 1795 and the present time, a complete survey has been made of the whole coast, except 8 or 9 degrees of lat. in the N. VV. ; the position of every point has been ascertained ; and every inlet and bay has been traced to its conclusion. The coast is ex- tremely diversified, and, peen from the distance of several miles, has the appearance, in some parts, of ranges of small and sterile islands; in other parts, the shones are steep and inaccessible, while on the northern coast they are very flat, and, to all appearance, sandy and barren. On the east coast, there is a singular barrier of coral reefs, which, according to captain Flinders, extends along the coast, at the distance of 20 or 30 leagues, in a N. W. direction, from about 23 S. lat. to Torres strait, in lat. 10 S. a distance of 840 miles. Very little is known of the interior of New Holland. Several expeditions, however, have been sent out within a few years, from the British colony of New South Wales, on the eastern coast ; particularly two, in 1817 and 1818, under Lieut. Oxley, who traced two large rivers for several hun- dred miles towards the interior. From the result of these expeditions, and from the fact that no riv- er of any magnitude discharges its waters into the ocean, on any part of the coast, it appears highly probable that the surface of this vast country re- sembles that of a shallow basin, whose margin is the sea coast, from which the waters, descending towards the interior, form a succession of swamps arid morasses, or perhaps a vast mediterranean aea. See New South IVales. New Holland, p-t. in Lancaster co. Pa. 12 m. E. N. K. Lancaster, 54 N. W. Philadelphia. New Hope, p-t. Wayne co. N. C. New Hope, p-v. Spartanburg district, S. C. New Iberia, p-t Attakapas district, Louisiana, on the Teche, 9 m. by land, below St. Martins- rille, :JO by water. Newichawannock. See Piscataqua rivrr. Newiqes, a large village of Prussian Westpha- lia, in the dutchy of Berg, and lord?hip of Harden- Nfwington, t. Rockingham co. N H. on the E. side of Great Bay, and on the Piscataqua river, 5 m. N. W. Portsmouth. Pop. 541. Neu-inglon, or Newington Bulls, parish, Eng. in Surry, forming one of the suburbs of London. Pn,,. -2 ,\'rinn%lan Green, v. Kng. 2 m. from London. New-Inlf-t, a channel between two small islands ...i the coast of N. J. Loo. 74 15' W. Lat. 39 -,()' N. V"i/>/n/osed of a legislative council and house of assembly. The council is chosen annually, iind consists of 13 members, each county choosing one The assembly consists of 35 members, and is chosen annually. The exec- utive is composed of a governor, chosen by a joint ballot of the legislature; a vice-president, chosen by the council ; and a privy council, consisting of three members of the legislative council. The annual elections are in October. Trenton is the seat of government. It has long been in contemplation to open a nav- igable communication between Philadelphia and New- York, by means of a canal from New-Bruns- wick on the Raritan, to Trenton on the Delaware. A company was incorporated in New- Jersey many year? ago for this purpose, and a survey of the in- tended route was made, from which the practica- bility of a canal for sea vessels was ascertained. The expense is estimated at $800,000. Neic Keith) v. Scotland, in Banffshire. Pop. 1,000. Nt-n- Kent, co. Va. on the S. side of Pamunky and York rivers. Pop. 6,630. Slaves 3,759. En- gaged in agriculture 1,980, in commerce II, in manufactures 36. Chief town, Cumberland. At the court-house is a post-office. New Lancaster, p-t. and cap. Fairfield co. Ohio, on the N. side of the Hockhocking, which is here an inconsiderable stream. 36 m. S. W. Zanesville, 34 N. E. Chillicothe. It contains a bank, a print- ing office, at which a newspaper is published, an elegant court-house, and about 75 dwelling-hou- ses. Coal is found in the vicinity. About a mile N. of the town is a rock of sand stone, which rises abruptly 400 or 500 feet, and affords a delightful prospect. New Lebanon, p-t. in Canaan, Columbia co. N. Y. on the turnpike between Pittsfield, (Mass.) and Albany, 6 miles from the former and 24 from the latter. Here is a warm spring of considerable celebrity. The water, however, is perfectly tasteless and inodorous, is used for culinary purpo- ses, and differs very little from pure mountain wa- ter, except in the temperature, which is 73 of Fahrenheit. It is found very useful in salt rheums, and various other cutaneous affections. In this place is a village of Shakers. They are said to possess nearly 3,000 acres of land. The utmost neatness is conspicuous in their houses, fields, gar- dens, court-yards, and every thing belonging to their establishment. The property is all in com- mon. The scenery of New-Lebanon is remarka- bly beautiful. New Lebanon, p-t. Camden co. N. C. on the Pasquotank, 14m. above Elizabeth city. New Lexington, p-t. Preble co. Ohio, 6 m. E. Eaton. New Lexington, t. Jefferson co. Indiana, 17m. W. Madison. It contains at present about 40 houses. A news;iper is published here. Haiti's manufactured at this place, and tho ground has been penetrated to the depth of more than 700 feet inquest of salt-water. New Lexington, t. Richland co. Ohio, on Mo- hiccan creek, 10 m. from Belville. New Lexington, t. Knox co. Ohio, 13 in. ]'.. Mount Vernon. New lands ide, t. Eng. in Durham, 1$ m. S. W. Stanhope. Pop. 693. Newhn, t. Chester co. Pa. " Pop. 914. NEW New-Lisbon, p-t. Otsego co. N. Y. 10 m. S. W, Cooperstown, 76 W. Albany. Pop. 2,221. .'N 't a -Lisbon, p-t. and cap. Columbiana co. Ohio, on a branch of the Little Beaver, 14m.fr. Ohio ri\er, 35 S. Warren, 56 N. W. Pittsburg, 160 N. E. Columbus. It contains an elegant court-house and jail, a bank, a printing-office, a public libra- ry, an academy, and 2 churches. In the vicinity are a furnace, several saw-mills, a paper-mill, 2 woollen factories, a fulling-mill, carding machine, and a glass factory. Pop. 746. Ntu-- London, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H.SOm. N. W. Concord. Pop. 924. New-London, co. Ct. bounded N. by Windham and Tolland counties, E. by Rhode-Island, S. by Long-Island sound, and W. by Middlesex co. Pop. 35,943. Engaged in agriculture 7,681, in com- merce 975, in manufactures 1,847. New-London, city, port of entry, and half shire town, in New-London co. Ct. is situated on a de- clivity on the W. bank of the Thames, 3 miles from its mouth, 14m. S. Norwich, 42 S. E. Hart- fort, 53 E. New- Haven, 59 S. W. Providence, 60 W.Newport. Lon. 72 12' W. Lat. 4125'N. Pop. 3,330. It contains a court-house, 2 banks, a marine insurance office, 2 newspaper establish- ments, and 5 houses of public worship. The in- habitants own considerable shipping, employed in the coasting trade, the trade with the West- India islands, and the fisheries. The amount of shipping in New-London district, in 1816, was 14,685 tons. The harbor is the best in the State, having 5 fathoms water, arid being safe, spacious, accessi- ble at all seasons of the year, and at all times of tide, and unobstructed by ice ; but it is easily blockaded, as was proved during the late war. It is defended by Fort Trumbull and Fort Griswold, the first on the New-London, the other on the Groton side of the river. On the W. side of the entrance to the harbor is a light-house, on a point of land which projects considerably into the sound. New-London, t. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 1,196. New-London, t. Anne Arundel co. Md. 5 m. S. S. W. Annapolis. New-London, p-v. Campbell co. Va. New- London, t. Huron co. Ohio. Pop. 172. -New-London, p-t. and cap. Madison co. Ohio, 18 m. E. Springfield, 35 W. by S. Columbus. New-Longeuil, seigniory, York co. Lower Can- ada, on the N. side of the St. Lawrence, 3iim. W. Montreal. New-Madrid, co. Missouri. Pop. 2,296. Slaves 291. Engaged in agriculture 538, in commerce 28, in manufactures 43 Chief town, New-Madrid. New-Madrid, p-t. New-Madrid co. Missouri, on the Mississippi, 70 m. below the mouth of the Ohio. It is situated in a fertile country, and is ln.id out for a large city, but owing to the un- healthiness of tho country around, its growth ha? been small. New Mark, was the name of that pnrt ofth* msirgraviate of Biandenburg K. of the Oder, con- taining 4,370 square miles, with 310,000 inhab- itant?. In 1815, on the new arrangement of the Prussian states, the chief part of it was in- cluded in the government of Frankfort on the Oder, and a smaller part annexed to that of Coes- lin in Pomerania. Newmarket, t. Eng. long celebrated for its horse The race-ground, en whose attraction? the town chiefly depends for its support, was form- ed out of an extensive heath, and is one of the fin- NEW N E W 523 eat courses in the kingdom. 14 m. E. Cambridge, 61 N. London. Lon. 024' E. Lat. 52 15' N. Pop. 1,917. New Market, p-t. Rockingham co. N. H. 12m. W. Portsmouth, 38 S. E. Concord. Pop. 1,083. At the junction of Lamprey river with Great bay is a considerable village ; and another, at a place called Newfields, containing about 20 houses. Newmarket, p-t. Dorchester co. Md. Newmarket, p-v. Spotsylvania co. Va. New Market, p-t. Highland co. Ohio, 6 m. W. Hillsborough. Pop. 747. New Marlborough, p-t. Berkshire co. Mass. 23 m. S. S. E. Lenox. Pop. 1,G68. Neiv Milford, p-t. Litchfield co. Ct. on the Hous- atonnuc, 48 m. S. W. Hartford. Pop. 3,830. It contains 6 houses for public worship, 2 for Con- jjregationalists, 2 for Episcopalians, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Quakers. Here are valuable quarries of marble, several forges for the manufacture of iron, and a variety of other manufactures. New Milford, p-t. Susqueharinah co. Pa. Pop. 614. New Mills, v Burlington co. N. J. Newmilns, t. Scotland, in Ayrshire. It is a burgh of barony, which received its charter of erection from king James IV. Pop. 1,000. Newnham, t. Eng in Gloucester co. on the Se- vern, 13 m. S. W. Gloucester. Lon. 2 27' W. Lat. 51 47' N. Pop. 952. Newastown, t. Dauphin co. Pa. 14 m. N. E. Har- risburg. New Orleans, city and port of entry, in Orleans parish, Louisiana, and capital of the ^tate, is on the left bank of the Mississippi, 105 miles from its mouth, by the course of the river, and about 90 in a direct line. Lon. 90 8' W. Lat. 29 57' N. Pop. in 1802, estimated at 10 or 1 1.000 ; in 1810, it was 17,242, in 1820, 27,176, of whom 7,355 were slaves. An intelligent gentleman on the spot ventures to predict that in 10 years it will be 100,000. The city is regularly laid out ; the streets are generally 40 feet wide, and cross each other at right angles. On the streets near the river the houses are principally of brick, but in fhe back part of the town, of wood. The buildings have no cellars, except the vacancy formed between the ground and the lower floors ; which are raised 5 or 6 feet from the earth. The tornadoes to which the country is subject, will not admit of the build- ings being carried up many stories, as in other cities. Most of the houses in the suburbs have beautiful gardens, ornamented with orange groves. Among the public buildings are an arsenal, a custom house, a hospital, a catholic college, a fe- male orphan asylum, two theatres, 5 batiks, and several churches for Catholics, Presbyterians, and Episcopalians. There are 5 newspapers publish- ed in the city, 3 of which are in English, and the other 2 in both French and English. Nr-w- Orleans is admirably situated for trade, near the mouth of a noble river, whose branches extend for thousands of miles in different direc- The river in front of the city is crowded with boats from a thousand different places in the " ui'prr country ;" from* Kentucky, Tenessee, and Missouri; from Ohio, and even from Pennsylva- nia and New-York. In the year ending Ort. 1st, 1817, 1,500 flat-bottomed boats, and 500 barges came down the Mississippi to this place loaded with produce. During the same period, the num- ber of arrivals and clearances at the port was 1815. 1816. 1817. 7,000 13,000 18,000 5,000 4,000 ' 4,000 60,000 65,000 65,000 120,000 130,00f f 140,000 75,000 98,000 190,000 4,000 5,500 7,000 500,000 800,000 1,000,000 5,000 7,300 28,000 150,000 300,000 400,000 5,000 7,300 28,000 95,000 150,000 230,000 250,000 1,030; and the value of the export? $13,501,036, nearly two thirds as much as that of the whole United States in 1791. The amount of shipping belonging to the port in 1816, was 13,299 tons. In 1819, there were 50 steam-boats on the wes- tern waters connected with the commerce of this city, measuring together 7,306 tons. At the same time there were 13 new boats on the stocks. The following table presents a view of the principal ar- ticles of domestic produce which arrived at New- Orleans during the years ending Oct. 1st, 1815, 1816, and 1817 : Productions. Bacon and Hams, cwt. Beef, bbls. Cotton, bales, Corn, bushels, Flour, bbls. Lead, cwt. Molassses, gallons, Sugar, hhds. Taffia, gallons, Tobacco, hhds. Wheat, bushels, Whiskey, gallons, The island of Orleans is formed by the river Mississippi on one side, and the lakes Ponchar- trainand Maurepas, together with an outlet of the river Mississippi, called the Iberville, on the other. It is about 160 miles long, and from 3 to 50 broad. There is a levee or artificial mound erected along the side towards the Mississippi, to prevent inun- dation. In December 18J4, the British made an attack on New-Orleans, but were repulsed by the' Americans under General Jackson, with the loss of about 3,000 men, killed, wounded and prison- ers. The loss of the American army is stated at only 7 men killed, and 6 wounded. New Pa'ts, p-t. Ulster co. N. Y. on the Hud- son, 15 m. S. Kingston, 80 S. Albany, 85 N. New- York. In this town are tHe villages of Old Paltz and Tuthilllown, which see. Pop. 4,612. New Philadelphia, p-v. Harden co. Ken. New Philadelphia, p-t. and cap. Tuscarawas co. Ohio, on the E. branch of the Muskingum, 50 m. N. E. Zanesville, 100 fr. Columbus. It is on a large and beautiful plain, and contains the county build- ings, a printing office, and about 50 dwelling houses. Pop. 236. Neioport, t. Eng. in the Isle of Wight, of which it may be regarded as the metropolis. It stands nearly in the centre of the island, and on the banks of the navigable river Medina. It sends two mem- bers to parliament. 4 m. S. Cowes, 97 S. W. London. Lon. 1 17' W. Lat. 50 42' N. Pop. 3,855. Newport, t. Eng. in Monmouth co. about 4 m. from the mouth of the river Usk. It exports coals and cast bar iron from the different founderies and forges in the western mountains. 8 m. S. Ponty- pool, 147 W. London. Lon. 2 57' W. Lat. 51 35' N. Pop. 2,346. Newport, t. Eng. in Shropshire, 20m. E. Shrews- bury, 140 W. by N. London. Lon. 2 22' W. Lat. 52"46'N. Pop. 2,114. Newport, s-p. Wales, in Pembroke co. near the entrance of the river Nevern, which falls into Newport bay. 12 m. S. W. Cardigan, 243 W. London. Lon. 4 49' W. Lat. 52 1' N. Pop. 1,433. Newport. See Nieuport. Newport, borough, Eng. in Cornwall, which 524 NEW ends tw members to parliament. 3 m. from Latmceston. Newport, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, 86 m. S. E. Three Rivers. Pop. 160. Newport, p-t. Penobscot co. Maine, 25 m. W. Bangor. Pop. 512. Newport, p-t. Cheshire co. N. H. 8 m. E. Con- necticut river, 42 N. W.Concord. Pop. 1,679. It contains 2 churches, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Congregational ists. Newport, t. Orleans co. Vt. Pop. 52. Newport, co. in the S E. part of R. I. compri- sing the towns of Newport, Jamestown, Little Compton, Middletown, New Shoreham, Ports- mouth, and Tiverton. Pop. 15,771. Engaged in agriculture 2,3 11, in commerce 177, in manufac- tures 778. Newport, p-t. and cap. Newport co R. Island, and semi-metropolis of the State, stand on the S. W. side of Rhode-Island, 5 miles from the sea, 14 S. Bristol, 30 S. by E, Providence, 72 S. S. W. Boston Lon. 71 17' W. Lat. 41 29' N. Pop. 7,319. The harbor, which is one of the finest in the world, spreads westward before the town. It is of a semicircular form, of safe and easy access, sufficiently capacious to contain a large fleet, and deep enough for vessels of the largest burden. It is defended by Fort Wolcolt, erected on Coat island, and two other forts, called Fort Adams and Fort Green. On Goat island there is a military hospital belonging to the II. S. The site of the town is a beautiful declivity, which rises gradually from the harbor, presenting a fine view as you approach it from the water. The beauty of its situation, and the salubrity of its climate, have made it a place of fashionable re- sort from the southern and middle States during the summer months Newport contains a state- bouse, a market-house, a theatre, an alms-house, a public library, 5 banks, 2 insurance companies, and 11 houses of public worship, 4 for Baptists, 2 for Congregationalists, 1 for Episcopalians, 1 for Friends, f for Moravians, 1 for Methodists, and 1 for Jews. Newport was formerly more flourishing than it is at present. Previously to the American revo- lution it was the fourth commercial town in the British colonies, and contained at one period more than 9,000 inhabitants. During the revolutionary contest it was for a long time occupied by the ene- my, and suffered severely. At present it maintains ?ome trade with the East Indies, Europe and Cu- ba, but the most important branch of its com- merce is in the coasting trade with the middle and southern States. In 1819, the amount of shipping owned here, was 10,951 tons. The fisheries are very valuable. There is probably no fish market in the world which affords a greater variety. The manufacturing establishments are 5 rope- walks, 7 rum distilleries, 1 gin distillery, 4 tanneries, 5 grain mills, and 1 duck factory. Newport, p-t. Herkimer co. N. Y. 13m. from Utica, 20 N. Herkimer, 95 N. W. Albany. Pop. 1,746. Newport, p-t. Cumberland co. New-Jersey. Newport, p-t. Luzerne co. Pennsylvania. Pop. 764. Newport, t. Indiana co. Pennsylvania. Newport, p-t. Newcastle co. Delaware. Newport, p-t. Charles co. Maryland. Newport, r. Liberty co. Geo. which communi- cates with the sea by two mouths, between which NEW lies St. Catherine's island. It is navigable for sloops to lliceborough. Netrport, p-t. and cap. Cocke co. East-Tennes- see. Newport, p-t. and cap. Campbell co Ken on the Ohio, immediately above the mouth of Licking river, and opposite Cincinnati. It is situated on an elevated fertile plain. The public buildings are a court-house and jail, a market house, an academy, incorporated and endowed by the Le- gislature with 6,000 acres of land ; and a United States' arsenal, with barracks for 2 or 3 regi- ments of soldiers, inclosed by a stockade. Newport, p-t. Washington co. Ohio, on Ohio river, 11 m. E. Marietta. Newportage, t. Portage co. Ohio, 20 m. S. W. Ravenna. New Portland, p-t. Somerset co. Maine. Pop. 817. Newport Pagnell, t. Eng. in Buckingham co. on the Ouse, 13 m. S. E. Northampton, 51 N. W. London. Lon. 42' W. Lat. 52 5' N. Pop. 2,515. Newport-Pratt, t. Ireland, in Mayo co. 8 m. W. Castlebar. Lon. 9 21' W. Lat. 53 53' N. New Providence, p-t. Essex co. N. J. New Richmond, t. Clermont co. Ohio, on Ohio river, 15 m. S. W. Williamsburg. Pop. in 1815, 230. New Richmond, t. Ross co. Ohio, 14 m. S. E. Chillicothe, 58 S. Columbus. Ntw River, r. N. C. which runs into New river inlet, 45 m. W. S. W. Cape Lookout, in Ion. 77 38' W. lat. 34 27' N. New River, r. Beaufort district, S. C. which communicates with Savannah sound, \V. of Daw- fuskey island. New Rochelle, p-t. Westchester co. N.Y. on East river, 20 m. from New York, 5 S. Whiteplains. Pop. 1,135. Here is an academy. New Rumley, t. Harrison co. Ohio, 11 m. N. Cadiz. Neivry, s-p. Ireland, in Down co. on the Newry water, which falls into Carlingford bay. It was formerly a pass and military post of considerable importance. It was ruined in the great rebellion of 1641, in which its inhabitants suffered incredi- ble hardships. After the restoration, it was re- built, and began to make some figure ; but in Sep- tember 1689, it was again reduced to ashes by the duke of Berwick. In consequence of the suc- ceeding settlement of Ireland, the place revived. Its increase has been chiefly owing to its canal, by which a communication has been formed between Lough Neag;h and the bay of Carlingford, by means of which vessels of 50 or 60 tons are ena- bled to pass through the heart of Ulster. The linen manufacture was carried on very extensive- ly, and large quantities of linen were exported, but this trade has been of late much injured. There is a very considerable export of butter, beef, pork, and grain. Thwe are also some ex- tensive manufactories. 50$ m. N. Dublin, 30 S. S.W.Belfast. Lon. 6 15' W. Lat. 54 10' N. Pop. 15,000. Newry, t. Oxford co. Maine, 24 m. N. W. Paris. Pop. 303. Newry, t. Huntingdon co. Pa. Pop. 169. New Salem, p-t. Franklin co. Mass. 16 m. E. G r eenfield. Pop. 2, 1 46 . New Salem, p-v. New London co. Ct. New Salem, p-v. Ontario co. N.Y. NEW NEW 525 vVetc Salem, p-t. Jefferson co. Ohio, 14 m. W. Steubenville. Pop. in 1815, 500. JVew Sharon, p-t. Kennebec co. Maine. Pop. 1,219. JYewshelf, shoal, on the N. W. coast of Riou's island, in the Pacific. Lon. 220 47' E. Lat. 8 50' S. JWu> Shetland, or JVcw Iceland, or! ACM m the census taken 1821, under act E , ;i'f I -"^i-lature, it appears that the num- U-r rj f iVftohoMurs in ti, f , state wus 259,387, of Mio. 1"> ( ,win-.l ire,!,,, Hs of the value of $250 aiul upwards. The number of acres of im- provr-1 land was 5,717,494 ; neat cattle 1,215,049; NEW 527 horses 262,623; sheep 2,147.351; gristmills 2, 132, saw nulls 4,304 ; oil mills 139 ; fulling mills 991 ; carding machines 1,233 ; cotton andwoollea factories 184 ; iron works 107 ; trip hammers 172; distilleries 1,057 ; asheries 1,262. The quantity of cloth of domestic manufacture for the year 1820, was, fulled cloth 1,958,712 yds.; flannel end other wollens 2,451,107 yds.; linen, cotton and oth- er thin cloths 5,635,985 yds ; total 10,045,804 yds. The denominations of Christians in this State are Presbyterians, Episcopalians, Associate Re- formed Presbyterians, Dutch Reformed Presbyte- rians, Baptists, Methodists, Friends, German Lu- therans and Calvinists, Moravians, Catholics, aid Shakers. The fund appropriated by the State for the p- port of common schools, amounted in 1820, to $1,215,526^ and about 25,000 acres of land va li- ed at $150,000; To this fund has been added .he proceeds of all lands belonging to the State, (nt already otherwise appropriated,) consisting of about 970,000 acres and valued at $1,1,00,000. Other lands to a vast amount will ultimately come to this fund. In 1820, the number of schools of which returns were made was 6,332, established according to law, and the proportion of childrm instructed to the whole number in the State wis as 24 to 25. There are, beside, many Lancaster and free schools, private schools, charity and Sunday schools in the principal towns. Acade- mies and colleges are also well endowed. The colleges are Columbia College, and the Medical College, in the city of New York ; Union College in Schenectady ; and Hamilton College at Clin'.on. There are about 75 incorporated academies, ind several Theological seminaries. The exports from New York exceed those of any other State in the Union, and in 1815, it paid more than one third of the revenue of the U. S. and more than twice as much as any other State. In the amount of shipping it is surpassed only by Massachusetts, and in the value of manufacture? only by Pennsylvania. The value of the manu- factures in 1810, was $25,370,289 ; the amount ot shipping, in 1815, 309,290 tons; and the revenue paid in 1815, $14,491,739. The exports consist of wheat, Indian corn, rye, beef, pork, lumber,&c. and their value in 1816, was $19,690,031 ; in 1817, $18,707,433; in 1820, $13,163,244, about one-third of which was foreign produce. For several years past, the State has been en- gaged in improvements of its inland navigation, on a scale never before witnessed in this country, and with an energy arid liberality which excite universal admiration. A grand canal is now in progress, which will open a water communication from Hudson river to Lake Erie, and another is al- ready completed, uniting the same river with Lake Champlain. The Erie canal, when completed, will be about 365 miles long. The route is as follows : Begin- ning at Albany, on the Hudson, it passes up the west bank of that river nearly to the mouth of the Mohawk ; then along the south bank of the Mo- hawk, through the counties of Albany, Schenecta- dy, Montgomery, Herkimer, and Oneida, to Rome. From Rome it proceeds in a S. W. di- rection, and crosses Oneida creek into Madison county, where it turns to the W. and passes through Onondaga county, approaching within a mile and a half of Salirm, at the S. end of Onon- daga lake. It crosses Seneca river at Montezuma. and passing by Lyons and Palmyra, strikes the 528 N E W Crenesee river at Rochester. West of the Gene- aee river, it runs on the S. side of the Ridge road, and parallel with it for 60 miles, and then turning to the south, joins Tonnewanta creek 1 1 miles from itsmouth in Niagara river. The channel of the Tcnnewanta will be made use of for these 1 1 mi.es, and the canal will then proceed in a south- erly direction from the mouth of the Tonnewanta along the east bank of Niagara river to Buffalo on Lace Erie. "his route is divided into three sections. The wistern sections extends from Buffalo to Montezu- mi on Seneca river, 160 miles ; through this dis- taice the level of the canal uniformly descends from the lake, and the whole descent is 194 feet by 25 locks. The middle section extends from Monte- zima to Rome, 77 miles ; through this distance the level of the canal uniformly ascends, and the whole ascent is 49 feet. The eastern section ex- tnis from Rome to Albany, 113 mile : through this distance the level of the canal uniformly de- scends ; and the whole descent is 419 feet by 46 locks. The aggregate of rise and fall is therefore 652 feet, and the difference of levels between Lake Erie and the Hudson, 564 feet. The canal is 44 feet wide (in the middle section 4(1) on the surface, 28 at the bottom, and 4 feet d fool long, and 14 feet wide in the clear. The descent from the. Himmit level to Lake Ohnrnplain i 51 f"f>f. i-m 1 NEW from the summit level of the Hudson, Ju /, ( ; The whole number of locks is 21. At Fort Ed- ward the canal communicates with the Hudson through a tier of 3 locks constructed of white marble. At VVaterford it is connecied with the Erie canal. The expense of the canal from Lake (Jhamplainto Fort Edward was about $"260,000 ; from Fort Edward to VVaterford the estimated ex- pense is $-400,000. Plans have been recently submitted to the legislature of the State, for improving the nav- igation of the Hudson below the head of tide waters, so as to admit of the ascent of ships to Al- bany, and of sloops to Lansingburgh and Water- ford. New York, the first commercial city in America, is on the island of the same name, at the conflu- ence of Hudson and East rivers, in lat. 40 42' 40" N. and Ion. 74 45" W., 90 m. N. E. Philadel- phia, 210 S. W. Boston, 140 S. Albany, 390 S. Montreal. The city, county, and island of New York are of the same extent. The island is 15 miles long, and on an average 1 broad, and ie separated from New Jersey by the Hudson ; from the continental part of New York by Har- laem creek; from Long Island by East river; and from Staten Island by New York bay or harbor. The compact part of the city is at the S. end of the island, and extends along the Hudson about 2 miles ; and from the Battery, in the S. W. corner, along East river, about 2J miles. Its circuit is about 8 miles. All the northern part of the city has been recently laid out and is handsomely built ; the streets of the southern and ancient part are frequently narrow and crooked, but are every year becoming more convenient. The prin- cipal street is Broadway, which is 80 feet wide, and extends from the Battery, in a N. E. direc- tion, through the centre of the city, for three miles. It is generally well built, and a part of it is splen- did. The houses in the city, generally, were formerly built of wood, but these are fast disap- pearing, and substantial brick houses, with slated roofs, rising in their place. The city is divided into 10 wards. The public revenue derived by the municipal government may be estimated of late years at upwards of $'500,000 per annum, and the expenditures at nearly the same sum. Mneli of this revenue is raised by assessments for the various and extensive improvements of the city. The other revenue is derived from the rents, wharfage licences, ferries, the markets, auction sales, direct taxation, &c. &c. The unredeemed debt is about $1 ,000,000. The monied operations of this city exceed those of any State in the Un- ion excepting New York, and in ordinary years nearly equal those of the rest of that State. Among the public buildings, the most prominent and important is the City Hall, which is the most beautiful edifice in the U. S. It is 216 feet long, 105 broad, and, including the attic story, 65 feet high. The front, and both ends above the base- ment story, are built of white marble. The ex- pense was ,$.300,000. It is occupied by the City Council in their meeting?, and by the different courts of law. The New York Hospital compris- es the Hospital for the reception of the sick and disabled, and the lying-in hospital. The annual expenditure is about $40,000. During the var 1819, 1,725 patients were admitted, of whom 1,320 were cured. A valuable medical library of about il.OOO volumes, is attached to the institution. NEW The Lunatic Asylum, completed 1821, stands on a fine eminence on the Hudson, about 7 miles N. of the city. The building is of freestone, 2 1 1 feet by 60, and is calculated for the accommodation of 200 patients. The number for the last year was from 90 to 100. The Alms House is a plain stone structure, on East river, 2 miles from the City Hall. It is 3 stories high, 320 feet long, and 50 wide, recently erected. The expense, including the work house, penitentiary, and other buildings connected with it, was $418,791. In 1816, the number of poor in this institution was 1,487, and the expense of the establishment $90,886. Both the number of the poor and the expense of the establishment continue about the same to the pre- sent time. Attached to the Alms House is now an extensive Pin manufactory, in which the young and the feeble are kept at labor. The tread mill has also been introduced, and promises to be of much use in the reformation of convicts. The able-bodied male convicts are put in chains and employed at work upon the various avenues lead- ing from the city. The State prison is ou the Hudson, at Greenwich, about 1^ miles from the City Hall. It is constructed of free stone. The number of prisoners in 1814, was 494, in 1819,604, since which time it has not much increased. The original cost of the" establishment was $208,846, and large sums have been voted by the legislature to defray the annual expenses. The New York Institution is near the City Hall, and its apart- ments are occupied by the literary and philosoph- ical society ; the American Academy of Fine Arts, to which $20,000 has been granted with the privilege of holding real estate, and which has a val- uable collection of paintings and statues; the Ly- ceum of natural history ; the American Museum ; and the Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb. Columbia College, formerly called King's Col- lege, was established in 1754. It has a president, 5 professors, 140 students, a library of 3,000 or 4,000 volumes,a valuable philosophical apparatus, and an annual revenue of more than $4,000. A Faculty of Medicine was formerly attached to the institution, but in 1814 it was separated from it. The Regents of the University of New York, have within a few years granted for the benefit ot this college and Union College, lands, the annual revenue from which is about $5,000. The whole value of grants made to Columbia College is about f 28 1,000, besides the Botanic Garden, (esti- mated at $84,000, but not available to a third of that sum.) A college of Physicians and Surgeons was es- tablished in 1807, and in 1814, the Faculty of Medicine was united with it, which was formerly attached to Columbia College. Thus united, the college of Physicians has 7 professors, and is one of the most respectable and flourishing medical institutions in the country. The grants from the State to this institution amount to $35,000. The New York Eye Infirmary was founded in August 1820, by Doctors Edward Delafield and J . Kearny Rodgers who had attended the practice of a similar institution in London, and from the number of cases there presented of persons labor- ing under diseases of the eye, judged that a pro- portionate number existed in this country. They opened the institution at their own expense, and in the course of 7 months had 430 patients. The Infirmary was then placed under a Board of Di- rectors and received an act of Incorporation. By the first annual report of Jan. 1822, it appears that 67 NEW 529 during the period of 16 months, from the com- mencement of the Institution, the number of pa- tients was upwards of 1,100. The patients are from almost every State in the Union, and sever- al are from the adjacent British provinces, and from the West Indies. The funds are yet small and a suitable building is much needed, where patients requiring important operations may be received to board,, and have the constant attend- ance of the surgeon. The Theological Seminary of the Associate Re- formed Church is now transferred to Princeton N. J. The Theological Seminary of the Protest- ant Episcopal Church was established in 1820, in New Haven, Ct. but the year following was trans- ferred to this city. It is under the superintend- ence and control of the General Convention of the Episcopal church. The management of the institution is vested in a board of trustees which consists of the bishops and of clergymen and lay- men chosen from the several dioceses in the U. States. In 1822 the number of students was 22. A Baptist Theological Institution has recently been established in this city. There are 71 houses of public worship, 13 for Episcopalians, 17 for Presbyterians, (including 3 forAssociate Reformed Presbyterians,) 2 for Scotch Presbyterians, 8 for Dutch Reformed Presbyteri- ans, 10 for Methodists, 7 for Baptists, 3 for Friends, 2 for Roman Catholics, 2 for German Lutherans, 1 for German Calvinists, 1 for Moravians, 1 for Universalists, 1 for Jews, 1 for Seamen, 1 for Swe- denborgians, and 1 for Unitarians. The building comprising the ware-house, bind- ery, and printing-office of the National Bible So- ciety was erected in 1822, at an expense of $21,000. The New Fork Historical Society has a library of 10,000 volumes, embracing many rare and valuable works, files of English, French and American news-papers, a vast collection of pam- phlets, and many paintings Among the other insti- tutions are the Lyceum of Natural History; the Literary and Philosophical Society ; the Ameri- can Academy of Language and Belles Lettres ; the Orphan Asylum Society ; the Park and City The- atres; a large circus; Vauxhall, Chatham, Rich- mond-Hill, and other public gardens ; 10 market- houses, one of which, the Fulton market, has a basement and pillars of freestone, and for size, convenience and beauty is said to be superior to any market in Europe : expense, when completed, $260,000; 11 banks, exclusive of the savings bank; 21 insurance companies, of which 7 are marine, and 14 fire, including one for lives and annuities ; numerous charitable and benevolent institutions for the relief of the poor, the sick, the aged, the widow, the orphan and the stran- ger ; several public libraries, the principal of which is the New York Society Library, contain- ing about 16,000 volumes ; the Mechanics' Asso- ciation, before which lectures are delivered on science, the mechanic arts and trade ; the Appren- tices' Library, containing upwards of 5,000 vol- umes ; also several academies and numerous common schools,a Free School Society, and aWes- ley an Seminary for the instruction of both sexes. There a^e published 8 daily, 1 tri-weekly, 6 semi-weekly, and 1 weekly news-papers, several weekly literary papers, a Quarterly Review, and a religious magazine. The number of fire engines is 46 ; 4 hook and ladder companies ; 1 hose company, with 10,245 feet of hose ; 17 ladders ; 23 hooka, and 1 machine 530 NEW N E X for throwing down chimneys. The whole num- ber of men in the fire department is 1,269. This body is incorporated for charitable purposes, and expended during the past year, in support of in- digent members, &c. $3,216. The Battery is a beautiful open space, contain- ing several acres, at the S. W. point of the city. It commands a fine view of the harbor, with its shipping, islands, and fortifications, and is much frequented by the citizens. The Park is a hand- some common, and includes the City Hall, New York Institution, Debtors' Prison, and Bridewell. The Bowling Green, is a beautiful spot of about $ an acre near the lower part of Broadway. The Elgin Botanic Garden is 3$ miles from the City Hall, and contains about 20 acres. It was found- ed in 1801, by Dr. David Hosack, and was pur- chased by the State in 1810, for $74,268, and pre- sented to the Medical College. The other prin- cipal places belonging to the city are Harlaem, Bloom ingdale, Mauhattanville, Incleberg, Peters- field, Rose Hill, Bellevue, Mount Vernon, Har- laem heights, Forts Washington, Prince, Try on, and George, several small islands in the harbor, as Governor's Island, Bedlow's Island, and Ellis' Island, on each of which are fortifications ; Castle Clinton on the battery, Bussing's point, King's bridge, Hell gate, Corlaer's hook, Kip's bay, and Greenwich, which last is now nearly merged in the compact part of the city. New York harbor is a large and beautiful bay, 9 miles long, and 4 broad, which spreads before the city on the S. side, having Long Island on the E. and Staten Island and New Jersey on the W. On the N. it receives the Hudson ; on the N. E. it communicates With Long Island Sound through East river ; on the W. with Newark bay, through the Kills; on the S. with the Atlantic ocean, through the Narrows. The harbor is deep enough for the largest vessels, well secured from winds and storms, sufficiently spacious for the most numerous fleet, and. the currents so rapid, that it is seldom obstructed by ice. New York is admirably situated for commerce, on an excellent harbor, at the mouth of a noble river, with an extensive, fertile and populousback country. It imports moat of the goods consumed in the rotate of New York, the northern half of New Jersey, the western parts of New England, and to a great extent the goods consumed in the southern and many of the western States, and when the Erie canal is completed, will supply the country on the Ohio and the great lakes. Four lines of regular packets are established be- tween this city and Europe, viz : 2 to Liverpool, 1 to London and 1 to Havre. A ship leaves New York for Liverpool every week; the packets for the other ports sail monthly. A packet sails eve-, ry week to Charleston, S. C. This city owns more shipping than any other in the Union, and more than half as much as the city of London. The amount of shipping in 1816, 299,617 tons. The revenue from the customs, collected at this port, is about one-fourth of the whole revenue of theU. States; in 1815 T it was $14,409,790. The city is governed by a common council, composed of the Mayor, the Recorder, and one Alderman and an assistant Alderman from each of the 10 war-K The Recorder and 2 Aldermen form the criminal court of the county ; a first judge with the Mayor and Aldermen form the Mayor's Court, or Court of Common Pleas. There is al=o a Police Court of three Magistrates, one of whom is constantly holding the Court, a Marine Court, two Justices' Courts, and a number of minor Justices' Courts. Few cities in the world have increased so regu- larly and rapidly as New- York. In 1697, the pop- ulation was 4,302 ; in 1756, 13,040; in 1790, 33,131; in 1800, 60,489; in 1805, 75,770; in 1810, 96,373; in 11WO, 123,706; and may now (1823) be computed at 133,000. The inhabitants are from many different nations. More than one- third are of New England origin. After these, the most numerous are the Dutch and Scotch, and then the English, Irish, and French-. New York, t. Albemarle co. Va. 23 m. W. Char- lotte. JVetfl York, t. Champaign co. Ohio. New Zealand, two large islands in the Pacific ocean, lying E. of New South Wales, divided from each other by a strait 12 or 15 miles broad. Lon. 181 to 194 \V.. Lat. 34 to 48 S. The northern island is 600 miles long, and on an average 150 broad, and the southern nearly as large. The New Zealand pines grow to a greater height than the tallest Norway pines. The most valuable production is flax. Wheat, barley, and all the common European grains and A'egetables, flourish here. The inhabitants are a high-minded and no- ble race of men. They have virtues which place them in the highest rank of uncivilized nations. But the Missionaries confirm the report that they are cannibals, as they have been frequently known to roast and devour the prisoners taken in war. Their principal faults result from the fierceness of an untamed spirit, and not from the low vices of the sensual. War is the New Zealander's glory. Fighting is the principal topic of his conversation. He believes that the soul, as soon as it is parted from the body, is engaged in war. At Parramatta, in the British colony of New South Wales, a seminary has been established for the instruction of New Zealanders in the simple arts of life.' They are here taught to spin, weave, and reap. They manifest a strong desire for im- provement. In February 1820, the seminary contained 25 pupils. Two establishments have also been made in New Zealand by the Church Missionary Society, and with very promising suc- cess. In 1814, the first missionary settlers were establish^! at the Bay of Islands by Rev. Samuel Marsden. HP. visited the settlements in 1819, and purchased from one of the chiefs a tract of land consisting of 13,000 Jxo, re s, and settled the mission- aries upon it. In a journey which he took at this time across the island, he discovered a large river making its way to the sea on the opposite shore and named it the Gambiev. The Missionaries cul- tivate the ground and have already an ample store of excellent wheat ; they have directed their at- tention to the breeding of cattle and employ seve- ral of the natives in sawing timber for exportation to New South Wales. They have reduced the language of the country to writing and constructed a New Zealand grammar. The warlike character of the natives creates great obstacles to the pro- gress of civilization, which would be removed should the Missionaries be joined by a band of resolute colonists who- would protect their own rights, and at the same time not infringe those of the natives. The progress already made under the discouragements that have existed is astonishing. Pop. variously estimated from 100,000 to 150,000. Nexapa, t. Mexico, 5 leagues W. Oaxaca. Nexapan, Kan Antonio de, settlement, Spanish America, in Guatimala, 10m. S. E. St. Salvador. N I A JV&ron, v. France, in Upper Vienne, 15 m. S. S. W. Limoges. Pop. 1,800. Neybe, or Nieva, r. Hispaniola, one of the lar- gest in the island. It pursues a course E. of S. and falls into Ocoa bay. Neyer, district, Hind, in Cutch, about 24 N. lat. Net/land, t. Eng. in Suffolk, on the Stour, 6 m. N. Colchester. Pop. 933. Nganchan, city, China, in Koeitchoo. Lon. 105 31' E. Lat. 26 1% N. Nganlo, t. China, in Houquang. Lon. 111 24' E. Lat. 31 14' N. Nhingtkoue, city of China, in Kiangnan. Lon. 11824'E. Lat. 31 2' N. Niabussun, t. Bengal, in Burdwan. Lon. 87 25' E. Lat. 23 45' N. Niagara^ r. N. America, through which Lake Erie discharges itself into Lake Ontario, is cele- brated for its falls, one of the grandest natural cu- riosities OB the globe. The river flows from S. to N. and is 35 miles long. At its efflux from Lake Erie it is of a mile wide, from 40 to 60 feet deep, and flows with a current of 7 miles an hour. As it proceeds, the river spreads to the width of 6 or 7 miles, embosoming several islands, particularly Grand and Navy islands, which terminate in beau- tiful points li miles above the falls. A little be- low the termination of these islands, commence the rapids, which extend a mile to the precipice, in which space the river descends 57 feet. At the precipice it is of a mile wide. Here Goat isl- and divides the river into 2 channels ; the channel between Goat island and the Eastern or United States' shore, is also divided by a small island. Over the precipice the river falls perpendicularly about 160 feet. Much the greater part of the wa- ter passes in the channel between Goat island and the Canada shore. This fall is called from its shape the Horse-shoe fall. Between Goat island and the small island in the eastern channel, the stream is only 8 or 10 yards wide, forming a beau- tiful cascade. Between this small island and the United States shore, the sheet of water is broad, and the descent is greater by a few feet than at the Horse-shoe fall, but the stream is comparative- ly shallow. The falls are seen to advantage from different positions. The best single view is that from the Table ro k on the Canada side ; and the best view of the rapids is from Goat island, which is ingen- iously connected by a bridge with the eastern shore. The view from the river below is the most entire. Below the falls, the river runs between perpendicular banks 300 feet high to Queenston, 7 miles ; thence to Lake Ontario the country is open. About 5 miles below the falls, is a semicir- cular basin on the E. side of the river 300 yards in circuit, inclosed by rocky cliffs. The current con- fined here forms a tremendous whirlpool, called the Devil's Hole, after which it assumes a tranquil course. From Lewiston to its mouth, 8 miles, it affords a good harbour for vessel?. From the land- ' ^wiston there i* a portage of 9 miles to Fort Schlosser, 2 miles above the falls. Niagara, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Lake Onta- rio, E. by Genesee co. S. by Tonne wanta creek which separates it from Erie co. and W. by Niaga- ra river Pop. 22,990. Engaged in agriculture 4,015, in commerce 90, in manufactures 340. The courts sit at Lewiston. Niagara, formerly fycttlossrr, p-t. Niagara co. N. Y. on Niagara river, just above the falls. Niagara, t. and fort, Niagara co. N. Y. on thr N I C 531 Niagara, at its entrance into Lake Ontario, 15 m. below the great falls. It was taken by the British in 1813, and the town was destroyed, but is has since been rebuilt in a better style than before, Lon. 79 6' W. Lat. 43 14' N. Pop. 484. Niagur, t. Hind, in Gundawaneh. Lou. 82 11' E. Lat. 22 22' N. Niak, isl. on S. W. coast of East Greenland. Lon. 43 30' W. Lat. 59 45' N. Nias, or Neas Isle, isl. in the Eastern seas, off Tapanooly bay, on the W. coast of Sumatra, from which it is separated by a strait 60 miles wide. It is 50 miles long by 20 broad. Nibbionna, t. Austrian Italy, on the Lambro, 10 m. S. E. Como. Nibe, t. Denmark, in Jutland, 9 m. W. S. W. Aalborg. Pop. 1,000. Nicaragua, a province of the kingdom of Gua- timala, bounded N. by Honduras, E. by the Cari- bean sea, W. by Guatimala and the Pacific, and S= by Costa Rica. Nicaragua, or Leon de Nicaragua, cap. of the above province. It is the see of a bishop. Its port is Realexo, which is situated near it, on the river Realexo, and has a good harbour. Lon. 85 4' W. Lat. 1 1 16' N. Nicaragua, a lake of fresh water in the above province, 140 miles long, and 41 broad. It is nav- igable for the largest vessels. It enters the Cari- bean sea through a channel called the river San Juan, which is 64 miles long, and on which a con- siderable trade is carried on by means of canoes and other small craft. Nicaslro, anciently Neocaslrum, t. Italy, in the S. of the kingdom of Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 15 m. N. W. Squillace, 24 N. N. E. Mileto. Pop. 10,000. Niccola delta Strada, t. Naples, S. of Capua. Pop. 2,000. Nice, a county or province in the Sardinian states, surrounded by Genoa, Monaco, the mari- time Alps, the French department of the Var, and the Mediterranean. Extent, 1,230 square miles. Pop. 91,000. Nice, t. in the N. W. of Italy, in the Sardinian states, and cap. of the province of Nice. It stands at the mouth of the small river Paglion, on the Mediterranean, and is delightfully situated at the foot of an amphitheatre of hills covered with villas, gardens, and groves of orange and lemon trees. Here is a theatre, public baths, coffee-houses, a li- brary, delightful walks, and good society. These, added to the presumed salubrity of the climate in consumptive complaints, render it a favourite re- sort of emigrating foreigners, particularly English. ' The harbour, which is protected by a mole, is spa- cious and secure, and is capable of admitting ves- sels of 300 tons. The trade consists chiefly in the export of the oil, wine, and silk of the neighbour- hood. 92 m. S. W. Getioa, 92 S. by W. Turin. Lon. 7 16' E. Lat. 43 41' N. Pop. 18,500. Nichaburg. See Nishapour. Nicholas, CQ. Va. formed in 1818, of a part of Greenbriar county. Pop. 1,853. Slaves 48. En- onged in agriculture 407, in commerce 6, in man- ufactures 4. At the court-house is a post-office. Nicholas, co. Ken. Pop. 7,973. Slaves 919, Engaged in agriculture 2,041, in manufactures 188. Chief town, Carlisle. Nicholas Island, small island on the N. coast of Cuba. Lon. 79 40' W. Lat. 23 15' N. Nicfiolasrillr, p-t. and cap. Jessamine co. Ken. 532 N I D 20 m. S. W. Lexington. Top. in 1810, 158. Here is a bank. Nichol ForeSt, t. Eng. in Cumberland, 10$ m. N. E. Longtown. Pop. 757. Jfichoirs inn, p-v. Dearborn co. Indiana. Nicholson, or Thornbottom, p-v. Luzerue co. Pa. Pop. 543. Nicholson's house, p-v. Warren co N. C. Nickelsberg, t. Bohemia, 23 m. S. Dresden. Nicobar, the name of a group of islands in the bay of Bengal, between 6 and 10 N. lat. and be- tween 93 and 95 E. Ion. There are 7 large and 12 small ones. They are almost all inhabited by a quiet and inoffensive people. The soil produces cocoa nuts, pine apples, plantains, lemons and other fruits in abundance, but the climate is very unhealthy. The Danes attempted a settlement here in 1756, but almost all the colonists died within a few years. Nicojack, a cave, Georgia, in the Cherokee country, 20 m. S. W. Look-Out mountain, and i a mile from Tennessee river. A large river, 60 feet wide and 6 feet deep issues from its mouth, which has been explored 3 miles in a canoe. Nicolai, or Nikoloic, t. Prussian States, 13 m. N. Plesse, 42 W. N. W. Cracow. Pop. 1,200. Nicholas du Port, t. France, in Meurthe, 7 m. S. E. Nancy, 9 W. N. W. Luneville. Pop. 3,200. Nioolet, r. Lower Canada, which takes its rise from a lake S. of the St. Lawrence, and runs N. W. for about 47 miles, when it is met by a large branch, navigable for boats and other small craft. From this point its course, till it falls into Lake St. Peter, is 21 miles. Nicokt, seigniory, Lower Canada, in Bucking- ham co. on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 16 m. S. Three-Rivers. The village consists of about 50 houses with a church. Nicoping, or Nyekiobing, s-p. Denmark, on the island of Mors, in the gulf of Lymfiord, 33m. N. N. W. Wiborg. Nicopolis, or Nikopoli, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bulga- ria, on the left bank of the Danube. 164 m. N. W. AdHanople, 276 N. W. Constantinople. Lon. 24 8' E. Lat. 43 45' N. Pop. 20,000. Nicosia, t. Sicily, in the Val di Demona, 40 m. W. N. W. Catania, 60 E. S. E. Palermo. Pop. 12,800. Nicosia, a large city, cap. of the island of Cy- prus. It was formerly of very great extent and importance, being 9 miles in circumference, and containing 300 churches. The Venetians, on ob- taining possession of it, reduced it to a smaller compass but surrounded it with very strong forti- fications. Since 1570, it has been under the do- minion of the Turks. Its fortifications, even in their present ruined state, are conceived by Dr. Clarke to exceed in magnificence those of almost every other city. The city contains 2,000 Ma- hometans, and 1,000 Greek families, with a few Armenian and Maronitc Christums. It carries on manufactures of Turkey leather, of small carpets, and of printed cottons. Lon. 33 s 26' E. I ,ut. . Nicolera, t. Naples, in CalabrJu Ultn, near the sea coast. It is the see of a bishop. :>2 m. N. by E. ileggio, 50 S. S. E. Cosenza. f O p. 6,300. Nicoya, t. Guatimala, in Costa Rica, on a river of the same name, near the coast of the Pacific ocean. Lon. 85" 53' W. Lat. 10 42' N. Nidda,t. Germany, in Hesse Darmstadt, 23 m. N. E. Frankfort on the Maine. Pop. 1,500. N I E Nidda, r. Germany, which falls into the Maine at Hochst. Nidcgh, (an. Cadyna,') t. Caramania, in A. Tur- key, 22 m. E. Karahissar. Pop. about 5,000. Nidinsen, small isl. Sweden, in the Cattegat, with a light house. Lon. 1 1 55' E. Lat 57 18' 21" N. Nidfigul, fort, India, in Mysore. Lon. 77 16' E. Lat. 13 15' N. Nidycavil, t India, in Coimbetoor. Lon. 77 42 E.Lat. 1151'N. Niebla, t. Spain, in Seville. There is a consid- erable copper mine in the neighbourhood, llm. N. N. W. Moguer. Lon. 6 28' W. Lat. 37 29' N. Pop. 9,000. Niedcr Aula, t. Germany, in Hesse-Cassel, 6 m. S. W. Hersfeld. Pop. 900. Niederbronn, t. France, in Lower Rhine, 7 m. N. N. W. Hanau, 12 S. W. Weissembourg. Pop. 1,500. Niederhall, t. Wirtemburg, 13 m. N. N. VV. Hall. Pop. 1,400. Nieder-Ingelheim, t. Germany, in Hesse-Darm- stadt, 7 m. W. Mentz. Pop. 1,200. Niedernay, or Nieder-chenheim, t. France, 12 S. W. Strasburg. Pop. 1,300. See Ehenheim. Niefern, t. Baden, 4 m. E. N. E. Pforzheim. Pop. 1,000. Nieheim, t. Prussian States, 14 m. E. N. E. Pa- derborn. Pop. 1,300. Niemeck, t. Prussian States, in Brandenburg, ceded in 1815 by Saxony. 15 m. N. Wittenberg. Pop. 1,300. Niemecs, Nimiec, or Nemes, t. Eu. Turkey, in Moldavia, 76 m. W. N. W. Jassi, 280 N. E. Bel- grade. Lon. 25 58' E. Lat. 47 23' N. Niemcn, r. Russia, which rises a few miles S. of Minsk, and passes by Grodno and Kowno, where it is joined by the Wilna. It soon after enters East Prussia, and passes the town of Tilsit, 7 miles be- low which it divides into several branches, which fall into the large maritime inlet called the Ku- rische Ilaf. Niemes, t. Bohemia, on the Polzen, 8 m. S.Gab- lona. Pop. 1,900. Niemierow, t. llussian Poland, 16 m. N. N. E. Braclau. Pop. 2,000, chiefly Jews. Niemptschuls, t. Moravia, 15 m. S. Brunn. Pop. 1,050. N'enburg, t. Hanover, on the Weser, 27 m. N. W. Hanover, 35 S. S. E. Bremen. Pop. 3,500. Nienburg, or Monck-Nienburg, t Saxony, at the confluence of the Bude and the Saale, 20m. 8. by E.Magdeburg. Pop. 1,050. Nienhaus, or Neuenfiaus, t. Hanover, 115m. W. by N. Hanover, 46 W. N.W. Osnabruck. Pop. 1,100. Nieper. See Dnieper. Nicpomire,t. Austrian Poland, on the Vistula, 10 m. E. Cracow. Nteraistein, v. Germany, in Hesse-Darmstadt, on the VV. bank of the Rhine. Pop. 1,300. Nit&zawn, t. Poland, on the Vistula, 18 m. S. S. E. Thorn. Pop. 900. Nieul, t. Fnmce, in Lower Charente, near the sea, 3 in. N. I, a flochellc. Pop. 1,200. Xii-iijinrt, t. .NYtm.-ri.-md, in We^t Flanders, 2 m. from tin- >ffi -.a*l, 11 S. W. Ostend, 23 W. S. W. Bru-r-. Lea. 2" 45' 15 ' E. Lat. 51 T 54" JN T . Pop .: AV//v, ;i df-;;nrtmnnt in the central part of France, bounded by the department of the Yonne. N I G the Cotes f. lat. and couta ; ns 90,000 sq. miles, but not more than 170,(K;0 mfoat-.tants. , West See Hernosand. . s p. Sweden, on the Baltic, in Up- land Lon. 1"30 E. I- at 59"45'4o"N. Pop. about l,00n, einplojed chiefly in fishing and the coasting trade. JVori, t. France, in Loire Inferieure, 15 m. N. N antes. Pop. H,200 Norte, Rio Bravo de<, r. Mexico, which rises in the Rocky mounta : tis, near the source of the Ar- kansas, in ai'out lat. 41 N. and Ion. Ill" VV. It ri'ns S. S. E. and faiis into the gulf of Mexico, in Ion. 96 40' VV. lat. 26 JX. after a course of 2,000 m les. It cannot m any part J;e termed a naviga- ble stream, owing to the sand bars in the flat coun- try, and the mountains in the upper pnrt, by which its course is interrupted. Norte, cape, South America, at the entrance in- to the nver Amazons. Lon. 49 4o' W. Lat. 149' 30" N. North, a department in the N. E o,' France, forming morf thau half the line of French fron- tier towards the Netherlands. Extent, 2,320 sq. miles. Pop. 839,^33. The face of the country is level, and the soil highly productive in all kinds of corn, as well as in flax, tobacco, and hops. Ag- riculture is conducted here on a more improved plan than many other parts of France. The man- ufacturing establishments are very extensive. North, t. Harrison co. Ohio, 8 m. N. Cadiz. Pop. 1,118. North Mams, p-v. Berkshire co. Mass. Northal, or JVorthaw, v. Eng. in Hertfordshire, 4$ m. N. E. Chipping Barnet. Pop. 465. Northallerton, borough t. Eng. in Yorkshire, on the great road from London to Edinburgh, 30 m. N. W. York. Lon. 1 IJ 27' VV. Lat. 54 20' N. Pop. 2,234. Abmom, v. Eng 2 m. from Southampton. North Armenia, p-v. Dutchess co. N. Y. Northampton, co. Ens;, bounded N. by Leices- ter, Rutland, and Lincoln ; E. and S. by Cam- bndge, Huntingdon, Bedford, Buckingham, and part of Oxford ; and W. by Oxford and Warwick. It contains 965 sq. miles, or about 618,000 acres, and 141,353 inhabitants. It is a fine and pleasant county, and noted for the number of mansions, and country seats which it contains. Northampton* t. Eng. and cap. of Northampton co. on the N. bank of the Ncn. The principal manu actures are those of boots and shoes, princi- pally for exportation ; and of lace. It i* a great thoroughfare, both on the N. and VV. Roads. The horse market here was formerly esteemed the greatest m the kingdom. It send- two nKinb-v. Greenville co. N. C. Nuys. See JVim and Neuss. Nuyts Point, a rocky headland on the S. coast of New Holland. Lon. 1 16 56' E. Lat. 35 12' S. Nuyts Reefs, reefs of rocks, off the S. coast of New Holland, at Cape Nuyts. Cape Nuyts is in Ion. 13218'E. lat.322'S. Jfy Carleby. See Carleby New. Nyeborg, t. Denmark, in Funen, on the Great Belt, opposite Zealand. Here ships, passing through the Belt, pay toll. Pop. 2,000. 16 m. W. Corsoer. Lon. 10 48' E. Lat. 55 22' N. Nyehaske, v. Netherlands, in Friesland, 18 m. S. by E. Leeuwarden. Pop. 900. Nyekiobing, t. Denmark, in the island of Falster, on the Guldborgsund. It is tolerably well built, has an hospital, and 4 schools. Pop. 1,100. 62 m. S. W. Copenhagen. Lon. 11 51' E. Lat. 54 46' N. Nyekiobing, t. Denmark, on the N. coast of Zea- land, in the gulf of Isefiord. Lon. 11 41' E. Lat. 55 55' N. Nyested, t. Denmark, in the island of Laland, 26 m. E. S. E. Naskow. Lon.l 1 45' E. Lat. 54 58' N. O A X 545 Jfyffe, country of Central Africa, on the N bank of the Niger, forming part of the region of Houssa. Jfyir Bathor, t. Hungary, 30 m. N. E. Debrec- zin. Lon. 21 23' 30" E. Lat. 47 49' 20" N. Nyiregyhasa, t. Hungary, 29 m. N. Debreczin, 123 E. N. E. Pest. Lon. 21 40' 30" E. Lat. 47* 56' 45" N. Pop. 8,100. JVykoping, government of Sweden, comprising the W. and most considerable part of the province of Sudermania. Pop. 90,000. JVykoping, t. Sweden, cap. of the government of the same name, and of Sudermania, is on a bay of the Baltic. It is well built, with broad and straight streets. 49 m. S. W. Stockholm. Lon. 16 53' E. Lat. 48 55' N. Pop. 2,400. Nylacky, one of the Banda islands, in the East- ern seas. Lon. 130 33' E. Lat. 4 1 1' S. Nyland, province, Eu. Russia, in Finland, bounded by the gulf of Finland, Carelia, Tavast- land, and Finland proper. Area, 4,880 sq. miles. Pop. 115,000. Aympha,Cape, Turkey, on the S. coast of Monte Santo. Lon. 24 24' E. Lat. 40 3' N. Nyon, t. Switz. in Vaud, on the N. W. side of the lake of Geneva, 11 m. N. Geneva. Lon. 6 6' E. Lat. 46 24' N. Pop. 1,800. Nyslot, t. Russia, in Finland. It has a very strong castle on a rock, in the middle of a deep stream. 50 m. N. W. Wyborg, 140 N. W. Peters- burg. Lon. 28 55' E. Lat. 61 52' N. Nystad, s-p. Russia, in Finland, 38 m. N. W. Abo. Pop. 1,900. Nyulas, or Gais, t. Hungary, 19 m. S. W. Prey . Lon. 16 45' 17" E. Lat. 47 57' 10" N. O. O, or ST. MARTIN o'O, t. France, in Orne, 9 m. S. Argentan, 18 N. Alencon. Pop. 1,000. Oacco, district, S. Africa, in Benguela, on the Coanza. Oak, p-v. Hanover co. Va. Oaka, or Oakamundal, district, Hind, in Guje- rat, on the S. side of the gulf of Cutch. Oaka, the capital has been long celebrated as the resi- dence of a gang of pirates, who have recently re- ceived a severe chastisement by the East India company's marine, and have agreed in future to respect the British flag. Lon. 69 36' E. Lat. 2214'N. Oak Cove, cove on the N. W. coast of America, in the gulf of New Georgia. Oakfuskee. See Tallupoosa. Oak Grove, p-v. Lunenburg co. Va. Oak Hall, p-v. Greenville district, S. C. (tnkfifim, t. Eng. and cap. of Rutland co. 95 m. N. by W. London. Lon. 42' W. Lat. 52 41 'N. 1'oD. U541. Onkliam, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 9 m. N. W. W.,rroter,55 S. W. Boston. Pop. 986. Onkhampstom //.rf,cape, Scotland, on the S.E. coast of Caithness, 11 m. S. Wick. Lon. 3 8' W. Lat. 58 15' N. Oakhampton, t. Eng. in Devonshire, on the bor- 69 ders of Dartmoor Forest. It sends 2 members tc Parliament. 24 m. W.Exeter, 195 W.London. Lon. 3 59' W. Lat. 50 44' N. Pop. 1,440. Oak-hill, p-v. Green co. N. Y. Oak- hill, p-v. Faquier co. Va. Oak-hill, p-v. Mecklenburg co. Va. Oak-hill, p-v. Laurens co. Va. Oakingham,or Wokingham, t. Eng. in Berkshire, 32 m. W. London. Pop. 419. Oak Island, small ish on the coast of N. Carolina, at the mouth of Cape Fear river. Oakland, co. Michigan Territory, on the upper part of the river Huron of St.Clair. Chief town, Pontiac. Since the year 1818, when the U. S. gov- ernment offered these lands for sale, settlements have increased rapidly. Pop. 330. Engaged in agriculture 117, in commerce 27, in manufac- tures 2. Oakmulgee, r. Georgia, which joins the Oconee to form the Alatamaha. Oak orchard, p-v. Genesee co. N. Y. Oalaldah, or Oualaldi, t. W. Africa, in the country of the Foulahs, on the S. bank of the Sen- egal, 60 m. E. Podor. Oando, v. W. Africa, on the Senegal, 70 m. S. E. Goumel. Oaxaca, or Guaxaca, aaintendancy of Mexio, O B O OCR and one of the most delightful countries in this part of the globe, is hounded N. by Vera Cruz, E. by Guatimala, W. by Puebla, and S. by the Pacific ocean. Extent, 34,064 sq. miles. Pop. in 1803, 534,800. It abounds with wheat, cattle, sugar, cot- ton, honey, cocoa, plantains, and other fruits. Oaxnca, cap. of the above intendancy, lies 230 m. S. of the city of Mexico, in the delightful valley of Guaxaca. The air is clear and healthy, and the climate a perpetual spring. It is, however, exposed to earthquakes. It is a bishop's see. The churches and monasteries are numerous, solidly built, and richly decorated. Pop. 24,000. Oba, t. Aderbijan, in Persia, on the VV. coast of ' the Caspian, at one of the mouths of the Kur. 150 m. N. E. Tabreez. Oban, v. Scotland, in Argyllshire, on a fine bay in the sound of .Mull, 33 m. from Inverary. Lon. 5 32' W. Lat 56 24' N. Pop. 1,000. Obannon, creek, Ohio, which runs into the E. side of the little Miami, in Clermont county. Obedach, t. Austrian states, 10 m. S. by E. Ju- denburg. Pop. 800. Obed's River, r. Tennessee, which runs into the Cumberland, 290 m. above its mouth. Ober, or Obra, r. Prussian states, which runs into the Oder, 4 m. S. Zullichan. Oberachern, v. Baden, 1 m S. Achern. Pop.900. Ober-Amstadt,t. Germany, in Hesse-Darmstadt, near Lichtenberg. Pop. 1,400. Oberdorf, t. Bavaria, 48 m. S, W. Munich, 14 E. N. E. Kempten. Pop. 1,500. Oberhausen, v. Baden, 2 m. N. N. E. Philips- burg. Pop. 1,300. Oberkirch, t. Baden, 1x5 m. E. Strasburg. Pop. 1,400. Otierland, district, Switz. forming the S. E. part of the canton of Bern. Obernarg, r. Germany, which falls into the lake of Constance, near Buchau. Obtrnay. See Ehenheim. Obernljurg, t. Bavarian states, on the Maine, 9 m. S. Aschaiffenburg. Pop. 1,400. Oberndarf, t. Hanover, 15 m. N. W. Stade. Obcrndorf, t. Wirtemberg, on the Neckar, 9 m. N. by VV. Roth well Pop. 1,200. Obernizk, t. Prussian Poland, on the Wartha, 17 m. N. W. Posen. Pop 800. Obernkirchen, t. Germany, in the electorate of Hesse, 5 m. E. Rinteln. Pop. 1,100. Oberrode, t. Germany, in Hesse Darmstadt, 10 m. N. E. Darmstadt. Pop. 1,000. Obtrtsdorf, t. Bavarian states, at the junction of three streams which form the Iller, 21 m. S. of Kempten, 76 S. W. Munich. Pop. 1,800. O6i, a great river of Asiatic Russia, which trav- erses the whole of the government of Tobolsk. It rises on the S. side of the Altai mountains. After receiving the waters of the Irtysch, it becomes very broad sometimes extending several miles across. It also divides into branches, which re-unite, form- ing numerous isles. It runs into the gulf of Ob- scaia in lat. 66 55 N. after an entire course of up- wards of 2,000 miles. Obwn, r. Tennessee, which runs into the Mis- sissippi, 24 m. S. of Reelfoot's river. Obidos, t. Portugal, near the coast, 44 m. N. Lisbon. Pop. 3,000. Oblong, p-v. Dutchess co N T . Y. Obojau,t. Eu. Russia, in Kursk, 34 m. S. Kursk. Lon. 35 54' E. Lat. 51 10' N. Pop. 4,400. Oboltah, t. A. Turkey, near the mouth of the Ti- gris, formerly the seat of a great trade, which is now transferred to Bassora. Obra, r. Prussian Poland, which falls into tlo Waitha at-Schwerin. Obrightim,t. Baden,onl he Neckar, 18 m. E. by S.Heidelberg. Pop- liOOO. Obrsycko, or Obersizko, t. Prussian Poland, on the Wartha, 26 m. N. iN. W. Posen. Pop. 1,700. Obscaia, gulf of the Frozen ocean, on the N. coast of Asiatic Russia, forming the receptacle of the river Obi. Lat. 66 40 7 to 72 15' N. Lon.72 to 76 E. Observatory Inlet, inlet on the N. W. coast of America. Lon. 230 6' E, Lat. 54 5H N. Observatory Island, or Padevoua, small isl. near the N. coast of New Caledonia. Lon. 165 41' E. Lat. 20 18' S. Oby, or Ouby, small isl. in the Eastern seas, 50 miles long from E. to W and from 12 to 20 broad. The Dutch have a small fort on the W. side of the island. Lon. 124 56' E. Lat. 1 36' S. Oca, v. Spain, in Old Castile, which falls into the Ebro above Frias. Ocana, t. Spain, 8 m. E. S. E. Aranjuez, 30 S. S. E. Madrid. Pop. 5,000. Ocana, or Santa Anna, t. New Granada, 220 m. S. Santa Martha, 225 N. Santa Fe de Bogota. Lon. 73 26' W. Lat. 7 50' N. Ocanhasary. See Hasaree Bang. Ocatahoola. See Catahoula. Occachappy, r. Alabama. See Bear creek. Occoquan, r. Va. which runs into the Potomac at High Point, 15 m. below Alexandria. It is nav- igable 4 miles to Colchester. Occoquan, p-v. Prince William co. Va. Ochil Hills, a range of lofty mountains in Scot- land, which begins in Perthshire, and stretches E. into the county of Fife. Ocho Rim, bay on &-J.N. coast of Jamaica. Lon, 7656 / W. Lat. 18 26' iN'. Ochotsk. See Okhotzk. Oclirida, t. Eu. Turkey, in Albania, situated on the declivity of Mount iVianiana Petrin, on the lake of Ochrida, from which issues the river Dri- no. 100 m. N. Joannina. Pop. about 6,000. Ochsenfurth, t. Bavarian States, on the Maine, 10 m. S. E. Wurzburg. Pop. 2,000. Ochsenhausen, t. Wirtemberg, 14 m. S. Ulm. Pop. 1,300. Ochta, t. Russia, near St. Petersburg, and con- sidered as one of its suburbs. Here is a manufac- ture of gunpowder and cannon. Ochteville, v. France, in La Manche, 8 m. E. N. E. Valognes. Pop. 1 , 100. Oche, r Eng. in Berkshire, which runs into the Thames at Abingdon. Ocker, r. Germany, in Saxony, which rises in the Harz mountains, and falls into the Aller, 5 m. W. Giffhorn. Oclarseer, t. Hind, in Gujerat. Lon. 73 10' E. Lat. 21 37' N. Oclonia, Cape, cape on the N. E. coast of the island of Negropont. Lon. 24 16' E. LaL 30* 28' N. Ocona, port, Peru, 96 m. W. N. W. Arequipa. Lat. I6S. Oconee, r. Geo. which rises in the N. W. part of the State, and running S. S. E. 160 miles, joins the Oakmulgee to form Alatamaha river. Oco/ia, t. Peru, in Xauxa, 1 16 m. E. Lima. Loiu 75 2' W. Lat. 12 2] S. Ocozingo, t. Guatimala, 40 m. E. Chiapa los Espagnols. Ocracolce Inltt, navigable channel on the coast of N.C. between Albemarle and Pamlico sounds. ODE It lies in lat. 34 55' N. 7 leagues S. W. W. Cape Hatteras. On each side of the channel are dangerous shoals. The bar has 14 feet at low water. Octararo Creek, r. which divides Lancaster and Chester counties, Pa. and runs into the Susque- hannah, in Maryland. Octararo, p-t. Lancaster co. Pa. Ocumara, bay on the coast of Venezuela, 5 leagues E. Porto Cabello, and 28 m. S. S. E. of Caraccas. Its port is good and well sheltered, and is defended by a battery. Ocsakov, t. in the S. W. of Eu. Russia, in Cher- son, on the Dnieper, near its mouth, remarkable only for the importance attached to it in the wars between Russia and Turkey. Since the building of Odessa, its trade and population have very much dwindled. 54m. VV. by S. Cherson. Pop. 1,000. Odd, large peninsula in the N. W. of the island of Zealand, in Denmark. Odderce. See Christiansand. Oddrode, v, Eng. in Cheshire, 158m. from Lon- don. Pop. 1,003. Odemira, r. Portugal, in Alentejo, which falls into the Atlantic at Villa Nova de Milfontes. It is navigable to Odemira, about 20 miles from its mouth. Odenfieim. t. Baden, 14m. S. Heidelberg. Pop. 1,500. Odenkirchen, t. Prussian province of Cleves- and-Berg, 13 m. W. S. W. Dusseldorf. Pop. 4,000. Odensee, t. Denmark, cap. of the island of Fu- nen. It is the residence of the bishop, and has manufactures of woollens, leather, and soup. 86 m. VV. S. W. Copenhagen, 68 N. N. E. Sieswick. Lon. 10 25' E. Lat. 55 23' N. Pop. 6,500. Oder, r. Prussia, which rises in Moravia, above Odrau, and flowing in a N. W. direction through Silesia and the whole Prussian monarchy, dis- charges itself into the Baltic through three mouths formed by the 2 islands Wollin and Usedom. It is navigable for small vessels to Ratibor, and for vessels of 40 or 50 tons to Breslau. Its principal tributaries are the Oppa, Neisse, Bartsch, Bober and Warthe. It is connected by the Finow and M .llrose canals, with the rivers Havel and Spree. Oderberg, t. Prussian states, in Brandenburg, on the Oder, 38 m. N T . E. Berlin. Pop. 1,600. Oderberg, t. Austrian states, on the Oder, 16 m. :\. VV. Teschen. Pop. 900. Qderheim, or Gnu Oderheim, t. Germany, in Hesse-Darmstadt, 15 m. S. Mentz. Pop. 1,000. Odernheim, or Glan Odernheim, t. Bavarian states, 25 m. S. W. Mentz. Pop. 1,200. Ode.rzo, t. Austrian Italy, 25 m. N. N. E.Venice. Pop. 3,400. Odessa, a flourishing seaport, Eu. Russia, in Cherson, on a small bay of the Black sea, between the mouths of the Dniester and the Dnieper. This place is entirely of modern erection, having been founded in 1792 by Catherine II. The emperor Alexander followed up the views of Catherine, and appointed as governor the duke of Richelieu, at that time a French emigrant nobleman, after- wards (in 1816) prime minister of France. Un- der his superintendance it prospered, and a num- ber of public establishments were set on foot un- der the patronage of the government. The pop- ulation in 1804, had risen to 15,000 ; and in 1820, to more than 40,000. O D I 547 It has a fine bay, seldom frozen over, with suffi- cient depth of water almost to the very edge lor the largest vessels of war. It is surrounded by extensive plains, which, when cultivated, will be very productive. It is fortified in the modern style, and has on the E. side a citadel which com- mands the port. The port is artificial, and adapt- ed for the reception of about 300 vessels. It is formed by two large moles, one of which is in the form of a quadrant of a circle, and has regular parapets and embrazures for cannon ; the interior is divided by smaller moles and quays. A light- house has been erected on a projecting point on the S. side of the bay. The roadstead is very ex- tensive, and the anchorage sale in summer, leing sheltered from every wind but the S. E. The town is neatly built, the streets being wide, straight, and crossing each other at right angles. The chief disadvantages of the place are the scarcity of wood and water, and, at particular seasons, a de- gree of unhealthiness in the climate. The transit of goods from the interior is free of any govern- ment charge ; and since the erection of a circular wall, and other precautions for preventing smug- gling into the interior, Odessa has been declared a- free port. The great article of export is corn from the Ukraine and neighboring provinces. It is brought down chiefly in carts and wagons drawn by oxen, which travel in companies, and stop at intervals to let the oxen feed in the steppes, or vast natural pastures, by the way, so that the ex- pense of carriage is trifling. In summer, the sea- son when this conveyance chiefly takes place, sev- eral hundred wagons arrive in town in a single day. The other articles are tallow, hides, and flax ; also timber ; but hitherto the export of these has been small. The chief imports are sugar and other colonial produce. The number of vessels that arrive in a year is about 800, of which the halt are Russian, and nearly one-third are Brit- ish. Brewing and distilling are carried on upon a large scale ; and there are some manufactures of woollens, silk, gunpowder, and soap. The great disadvantage hitherto has been the want of me- chanics for the town, and of farmers for the sur- rounding district. The government has si ared no expense to procure both ; and those who fix on the country round Odessa, are allowed a house, a pair of oxen, a plough, a little money, and an exemption from all taxes and military services during 25 years. 98 m. E. Cherson. Lon. 30 38' E. Lat. 46 30' N. Odessus. See Varna. Odeypoor, Hindoo principality in the S. E. of Ajmeer, between 24 and 26 N. lat. Odeypoor, the capital, is on the S. side of the Banass river. The Ranah, or chief, has recently entered into alliance with the British, and been enabled to throw off the Mahratta yoke. Lon. 74 5' E. Lat. 25 58' N. Odeypore, t. Bengal, formerly the capital of Tip- perah. It stands on the S. bank of the Goomty, 25 m. E. Comillah. Odeypore, t. Hind, in Gundwaneh, belonging to the Nagpore Mahrattas. Lon. 83 40' E. Lat. 22 e 37' N. Odeyporc, t. Hind, in Malwah, belonging to the Mahrattas. Lon. 78 20' E. Lat. 23 58' N. Odeypore,t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 77 40' E. Lat. 23 52' N. Odiel.. r. Spain, in Seville, which falls into the sea, E. of the Guadiana. 548 GET Odiham, t. Eng. in Hants, 41 m. S. W. London. Lou. 0' 55' W. Lat. 51" 15' N. Pop. 1,104. Odir, small isl. in the Eastern seas, near the W. coast of Aroo. Lon. 134 58' E. Lat. 5 23' S. Odntss, cape. Scotland, on the E. coast of the isl- and of StroiK-a. Lou 2 U 26' VV. Lat. 58 59' N. Orfo/i, r. France, which falls into the Orne at Caen. 1,:<00. O<-sel, isl. in the Baltic, at the mouth of the gulf of Riga, belonging to Russia. Area, 1,144 sq. POD. including the small adjoining islands of Mofln and Runoe, 35,000. The principal town i3 Arensberg. Otithammer, t. Sweden, on the Baltic, 29m. N. N. E. Upsal. Pop. 800. Otstrsk, t. Germany, in the dutchy of Nassau, on the Rhine. Pop. |"fjOO. Otstringen, t. Baden, 14 m. E. Spire. Pop. 1,600. Oel",hem, t. Netherlands, in West Flanders, 25 m. E. pres. Pop. 2,100. O H 1 Oetigheim, v. Baden, 2 m. N. Rastadt. Po^ 1,000. Otlisheim, t. Wirtemberg, near Maulbronn. Pop. 1,100. Oetting, ./Veto, t. Bavaria, 58m. E. by N.Munich. Pop. 1,500. Oettingen, t. Bavaria, on the Wernitz, 69 m. N. N. W. Munich. Lon. 10 36' E. Lat. 48 57' N. Pop. 3,200. Oex, Chateau d\ t. Swiss canton of Vaud, 6 m. W. by S. Gessenay. Pop. 2,300. Oeyras, t. Portugal, at the mouth of the Tagus, 8m. E. Lisbon. Ofcnto, the modern name of the Aujidus, r. Ita- ly, which, after flowing through Apulia, falls into the Adriatic, several miles below the plain of Cannae. Offenbach, t. Germany, in Hesse-Darmstadt. It is the principal manufacturing town in the grand dutchy. It stands on the S. bank of the Maine, 4 m. E. S. E.Frankfort. Pop. 9,000. Offenbach, v. Bavarian states, 4 m. N. E. Lau- terach, 33 W. N. W. Worms. Pop. 1,200. Oft'enburg,t. Baden, 1 1 rn. S. E. Strasburg. Pop. 2,900. Offranrille, t. France, in Lower Seine, 3 m. S. Dieppe. Pop. 1,500. Offutts, p-v. Hampshire co. Va. Ogden, t. Monroe co. N. Y. Pop. 1,435. Ogdensburg, p-v. and cap. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. at the confluence of the Oswegatchie with the St. Lawrence. It has a safe and spacious harbor. 116 m. N. Utica, 212 N. VV. Albany. Here are numerous manufactures, and the situation is very advantageous for trade. Pop. 959. Ogeechee, r. which rises in Green co. Geo. pas- ses by Louisville, and Georgetown, and flows into Ossabaw sound at Hardwick, 20 m. S. fcavan- nah. Ogelstromen, r. Sweden, which runs into the Angermann near Liden. Ogenlo. See Ugenlo. Oginski Canal, canal in Russian Lithuania, which joins the Schara and Jasolda, head branch- es of the Niemen and Dnieper. It thus forms a part of the circuitous water communication be- tween the Baltic and the Euxine. Oglethorpe, co. in the N. W. part of Georgia, between Oconee and Broad rivers. Pop. 14,026. Slaves 7,338. Engaged in agriculture 4,989, in commerce 50, in manufactures 192. Chief town, Lexington. Ogho, r. Austrian Italy, which has its source in the Alps, flows through the lake of Iseo, and joins the Po near Borgoforte, about 8 miles from Man- tua. Ogmore, small r. Eng. which falls into the Sev- ern a few miles W. of Cowbridge. Ognate. See Onate. Ogogno, Cape, cape, Spain, on the coast of Bis- cay. Lon. 2 40 ' W. Lat. 43 26' N. Ogulin t t. Austrian states, 32 m. E. Fiume. Ogurrapoora, t. Hind, in Orissa. Lon. 85 35' E. Lat. 21 23' N. Ohain, v. Netherlands, in South Brabant, a short distance E. of Waterloo. Pop. 1,600. Oheleroa, iel. See Rurutu. Ohtvahoa, isl. in the Pacific ocean, which has a circuit of 15 or 16 leagues. Lon. 139 2' W. Lat 9" 42' S. Ohio, t. Alleghany co. Pa. Pop. 1,477. Ohio, t. Beaver co. Pa. Pop, 1,075. Ohio. co. ^ O H I O H I 549 ,iu, co. Va. bounded W. by Ohio river, N. by Brooke co. E. by Green and tJarrison counties, and S. by Wood co. Pop. 9,182. Slaves 409. Engaged in agriculture 1,494, in commerce 93, in manufactures 463. Chief town, Wheeling. Ohio, co. Kentucky, on the Ohio. Pop. 3,879. Slaves 468. Engaged in agriculture 695, in com- merce 9, in manufactures 45. Chief town, Hart- ford. Ohio, one of the U. S. bounded N. by Michigan Territory and Lake Erie; E. by Pennsylvania; S. E. by Virginia ; S. by Kentucky ; and W. by Indiana. It extends from 38 30' to 42 N. lat. and from 80 32' to 84 U 50' W. Ion. Extent, 40,000 square miles, or 25,600,000 acres. Pop. in- 1791, 3,000; in 1800,42,156; in 1810,230,760; in 1820, 581,434. Engaged in agriculture 110,991, in com- merce 1,451, in manufactures 18,956. The interior parts of the State, and the country bordering on Lake Erie, are generally level, and in some places marshy. About one third, or one quarter of the State, comprehending the eastern and southeastern part, bordering on the Ohio riv- er, is generally hilly and broken, but not moun- tainous. Immediately on the banks of the Ohio and several of its tributaries, are numerous tracts of interval land, of most exuberant fertility. On both sides of the Scioto, and of the Great and Lit- tle Miami, are perhaps the most extensive bodies of rich and level land. In many places are exten- sive prairies, particularly on the head waters of the Muskingum and Scioto, and between the Sci- oto and the sources of the two Miami rivers. Some of these prairies are low and marshy, and yield spontaneously a large quantity of coarse grass from two to five feet in height ; others are elevated, and are frequently called barrens, not however on account of their sterility, for they are often fertile. The height of land which divides the waters of Ohio river from those of Lake Erie is the most marshy of any in the State, while the driest land lies along the margins of the rivers. Wheat is the principal production. From 70 to 100 bushels of corn are said to be frequently ppoduced on an acre. Other kinds of grain, and various sorts of fruits are also cultivated. Coal is found in abundance along the Ohio in the eastern part of the State. Salt springs have been discov- ered and wrought on the Muskingum, a few miles below Zanesville, and in various other places. Gypsum of a superior quality is found on the N. side of Sandusky bay. The value of the manu- factures of Ohio in 1810, was $2,894,290. The climate of Ohio has been commonly con- sidered warmer in the same parallels than that of the Atlantic States. The difference was consider- ed by Mr. Jefferson, as equal to what would result from three degrees of latitude. Observations, how- ever, which have been made at Cincinnati, for a series of years, seem to prove that there is no foun- dation for this opinion : or at least if there be a difference, it cannot equal one third of what has been mentioned. The opinion that the climate on the Ohio is more liable to sudden and extreme changes, and more moist than that of the eastern Stato?, is equally erroneous. The diseases to which immigrants are most liable, are bilious and typhus fevers. This is especially the case with the natives of New-England and New-York, who in coming here undergo a change of climate great- er than tlmy =rem generally to anticipate. They should, therefore, endeavor to arrive in the coun- try late in the autumn ; and before the ensuing summer place themselves in the most healthy sit- uations which can be found. If they are careful in this respect, and in the heat of summer shun the evening air, and the noon-day sun, and avoid what is denominated a bilious habit, very few will suffer an attack ; but without such attention, a seasoning, as it is termed, will probably be expe- rienced the first summer after an arrival from the North. In the second, whether the first be sickly or not, there is but little danger. The population of Ohio is made up of emigrants from every State in the Union, and almost from every country in Europe. r l hey have not resided together long enough to form a fixed and uniform character. The mass of the emigrants have been farmers from the northern and middle States, who are in general industrious, temperate and frugal, possessing much intelligence and enterprise. The population will probably continue to increase rap- idly for some time to come ; though not with the same rapidity as heretofore. The recent extinc- tion of the Indian title to the northwestern quar- ter of the State, called the Indian Reservation, will have an immediate effect on the progress of population in that quarter. In 1817, the number of ministers of the several religious denominations was stated as follows : Presbyterians, 48 ; Methodists, 34 ; Baptists, 13 ; New-Lights of the Christian church, 9; Seceders, 6 ; Episcopalians, 3 ; Congregationalists, 3 ; meet- ings of Friends in this State and Indiana, 59. There is a university at Athens, called the Ohio University, another at Oxford, called the Miami University and a medical college at Cincinnati. One section, or thirty- sixth part of every township has been granted by the government of the U. States for the support of schools, besides three townships for the support of the Universities. There are many incorporated academies in differ- ent parts of the State, and a College at Cincinnati. It has been proposed to connect Lake Erie with Ohio river by means of a canal between the Cuy- ahoga, which empties into Lake Erie, and the Tuscarawa, an E. branch of the Muskingum. Be- tween these rivers there is now only a short port- age, and so certain is it that the two waters may be connected by a canal, that in the law of Con- gress, appropriating a portion of the public lands to the improvement of inland navigation, 100,000 acres were assigned for defraying the expense of carrying into effect this project. Of all the canals proposed for connecting the waters of the lakes with those of the Mississippi, this probably will be first opened, and will be a great benefit to the country through which it passes. It is supposed that Lake Erie may also be connected with the Ohio by canals, uniting the branches of the Maumee, with a branch of the Great Miami. Three per cent, of the nett proceeds of the U. S. lands within the limits of Ohio, have been given by Congress to the legislature for the purpose of opening and improving its roads. The produce of this fund has hitherto been divided among so many roads that very little of the good which was anticipated, has been derived from it. The legislature is composed of a Senate and house of representatives. The number of repre- sentatives must not exceed 72, nor be less than 36. The number of Senators must never be less than one third, nor more than one half of the number of representatives. The representatives are cho- sen annually, and the senators bienially, one half pf the senators being chosen each year. The gov- 550 U 1 C ernor is chosen biennially, and is eligible only 6 years in any term of 8 years. The judges of the supreme court, the presidents, and the associate judges of the courts of common pleas are appoint- ed by a joint ballot of both houses of the general assembly, and hold their offices for the term of 7 years. Ohio, r. U. States, formed by the confluence of the Alleghany and Mouongahela rivers at Pitts- burg, ,in the western part of Pennsylvania. It flows in a southwesterly direction for 945 miles, separa- ting Ohio and Indiana, from Virginia and Ken- tucky, and falls into the Mississippi 193 miles be- low the Missouri, in N. lat. 37 and W. Ion. 89. The distance from Pittsburg in a direct line to the mouth of the Ohio i only 614 miles. The river va- ries in breadth from 400 to 1 ,400 yards. At Cincin- nati, it is about 800 yards, which may be regarded as the mean breadth. Its current is very gentle, and no where broken by any considerable falls, ex- cepting at Louisville. The water there descends 22i feet in 2 miles, producing a very rapid cur- rent ; yet boats have notwithstanding frequently ascended. A canal around these rapids has been in contemplation for a long time. The difference between high and low water on the Ohio is usually about 50 feet, and sometimes 60 feet. When lowest, it may be forded in sever- al places above Louisville. The greatest depres- sion is generally in August, September, and Octo- ber; the greatest rise in December, March, May and June Near Pittsburg, it is frozen over al- most every winter for several weeks. Generally the navigation is suspended by floating ice during 8 or 10 weeks of the winter. Steam boats are found by actual experiment to be well adapted for the navigation of the river. Ohio, t. Gallia co. Ohio, on Ohio river, 12 m. below Gallipolis. Pop. 482. Ohio, t. Clermont co. Ohio. Pop. 2,791. Okio,t Monroe co. Ohio. Pop. 317. Ohio, t. Knox co. Indiana. Pop. 877. Okiopyle Falls, falls of the river Youghiogeny, in Pennsylvania, about 30 m. from its confluence with the Monongahela. The river is here 80 yards wide, and the descent is about 20 feet per- pendicular. Ohitlahoo, isl. in the Pacific ocean, about 9 miles long and 21 in circumference. Lon. 139 8' W. Lat. 9 55' S. Oldau, t Prussian states, 14 m. S. E. Breslau. Pop. 2,800. Ohlau, r. Prussian states, which falls into the Oder near Breslau. Ohlm. Upper, t. Germany, in Hesse-Darmstadt, 6 m. S. W. Mentz. Pop. 1,000. Okoopee, r. Georgia, which falls into the Alata- maha, about 35 m. below the forks of the latter. OJirdrujf, t. Germany, in the dutchy of Saxe- Gotha, on the Ohr, 10 m. S. Gotha. Pop. 4,200. Ohrnbau, t. Bavarian states, on the Altmuhl, 6 m. S. S. E. Anspach. Pop. 2,700. Ohtakari Islands, small islands on the E. side of the gulf of Bothtiia. Lon. 23" 26' E. Lat. 64 6'N. Ot, r. Asiatic Russia, which falls into the Yen- isei, in Ion. 91 34' E. Lat. 55 16' N. Ota, r. A. Russia, which falls into the gulf of Obskaia in Ion 72 24' E. Lat. 68" .\. Oich, r. Scotland, in Inverness-shire, which runs from Loch Oich into Loch Ness. Oickel, r. Scotland, which falh into the head *f the frith of Dornoch. O K N OieSj Madame aux, small isl. in the St. Law- rence, Lower Canada, at the entrance into Lake St. Peter. Oignon, small r. France, which falls into the Saone, near Pontarlier. Oil creek, r. Pa. which runs into the Allegheny, 6 m. E. Franklin. On the top of the spring from which it issues, floats an oil, of which many gal- lons may be collected in a day. The oil has val- uable medicinal properties. Oil creek, p-t. Crawford co. Pa. Pop. 495. Oil Spring, p-v. Cataraugus co. N. Y. Oinare, r. Venezuela, winch runs into the Ca- ribean sea, in lat. Kf 5' N. Oirsbeck, t. Netherlands, in Limburg, 12 m. N. E Maestricht. Pop. 800. Oirschot, t. Netherlands, in North Brabant, 14 m. S. Bois-le-Duc, 22 E. S. E. Breda. Pop. 4,900. Oisconsin. See Ouisconsin. Oise, department, in the N. of Franco, on the river Ofee. Extent, 2,400 sq. miles. Pop. nearly 390,000. Beauvais is the capital. Oise, r. N. E. of France, which rises near the Belgic frontier, flows in a S. W. direction, and falls into the Seine at Conflans St. Honorine. It communicates with the Somme by means of a ca- nal, and gives name to two departments, the Oise., and the Seine-and-Oise. Oisemont,t France, in Somme,21 m.W. Amiens. Pop. 1,100. Oilos, a narrow and difficult pass of the Carpa- thian mountains, between Moldavia and the dis- trict of Haromszek, in Transylvania, through which flows a river called also Oitos. Ojeren, lake, Norway, in Aggerhuus, 10 in. E. Christiania. It is 24 miles long, but only 2 wide. Ojibar, t. Quito, in Guayaquil, 28 leagues from Quito. Oka, a navigable r. Eu. Russia, which joins the Wolga, in Niznei-Novgorod. Oka, small r. A. Russia, which falls into the Angara, near Bratskoi, in Ion. 101 40' E. lat. 56 5'N. Okaw river. See Kaskaskia. Oktfonoco, or Eokefanoke, or OitaquaphenogMf, or Ekanfanoka, or Okerfonoke, or Okefnunocau, or Ecu>]finocau t or Oke-Jin-o-cau, or Akenfonogo, a swamp, 180 miles in circumference, lying partly in Georgia, and partly in Florida. St. Mary's riv- er rises in this swamp, in lat. 30 34' 48" N ; and another river, called the Suwaney, issues from it on the S. W. Oke-lock-onnej r which rises in the southern part of Georgia, and running S. falls into Appa- lachy bay, in lat. 30 10' N. Ion. 84 25' W. Okerah, t. Bengal, in Burdwan. Lon. 8715'E, Lat. 23 28' N. Olc/iotzkj one of the four circles in the govern- ment of Irkoutsk, in Asiatic Russia. It extends along the seas of Okhotsk, Kamtx-hatka, and An- adir. The town of Okhotzk is on a long and nar- row ridge, inclosed between the sea and the river Okhotu. It is supported by being the channel of trade between IrkQatsk and Kamchatka. Lon. 11 >" -1 V K. Lat. 59 20' N. Pop. 2,000. OkJiolzk, Sea of, a large gulf of the Eastern ocean, inclosed between Kamtschatka, the circle of Okhotzk, part of Chinese Tartary, and ,Stg- haUen. I. J;I|.:IM, about 60 miles in circumfer- nr-.ir thr \.W.coast of Niphon. Ofrna, t. Eu. Turkey, in Moldavia. It hus an OLD extensive salt mine, capable of producing about 20,000 tons of salt yearly. 100 m. S. S. VV . Jassy. Okopi, v. Austrian Poland, at the confluence of the Podgorze and the Dniester. Oksa, t. Poland, 46 m. N. by E. Cracow. Okunevo, fort, A. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the Je- nisei, 220m. N. Tourouchansk. Okuneusk, t. A. Russia, 220 m. S. W. Tobolsk. Oland, island. See Oeland. Olargues, t. France, in Herault, 17 m. N. W. Beziers. Pop. 1,000. Olbersdorf. t. Austrian States, 7 m. N. W. Ja- gerndorf. Pop. 1,700. O/bruck, t. Prussian province of the Lower Rhine, 9 m. N.W. Andernach. Olschanskaia, fort, A. Prussia, 177 m. S. E. Oren- burg. Old bridge, p-v. Middlesex co'. N. J. Olde, t. Prussian States, 23 m. E. S. E. Munster. Pop. 1,000. Oldeboorn, v. Netherlands, in Friesland, 12 m. S. S. E. Leeuwarden. Pop. 1,100. Oidebroek, v. Netherlands,'in Gelderland, 10 m. S.W. Zwolle. Pop. 1,400. Oldenburg, a grand dutchy in the N.W. of Ger- many, consisting of several scattered portions of territory. The principal part is Oldenburg prop- er, a tract of country bounded N. by the German ocean ; E. VV. and even S. by the kingdom of Hanover. The grand duke possesses also the principality of Eutin, (formerly the bishopric of Lubeck,) situated in H cistern, and the lordship of Birkenfeld, ceded to him by Prussia out of the territory on the Rhine. The extent and popula- tion of his States are as follows : Grand dutchy of Oldenburg proper, including the county of Del- menhorst, and the lordships of VareL, Jever, and Kniphausen, 2,250 sq. miles, with 178,000 inhab- itants ; principality of Eutin or Lubeck, 200 sq. miles, with 20,000 inhabitants ; lordship of Bir- kffhfeld, 170 sq. miles, with 20,000 inhabitants ; total 2,620 square miles, and 218,000 inhabitants. The revenue is computed at 150,000 sterling. The grand dutchy proper consists almost entirely oflevel ground, and in some places on the coast, is so low, that it requires large dikes, as in Hol- land, to prevent inundations. The prevailing re- ligion is the Lutheran ; but there are also Calvin- ists and Catholics. The grand duke is a member of the German body. In the administration of his territories, he is as yet ( 1 820) uncontrolled, having delayed to convoke a representative assem- bly, though bound to do so by the articles of the Germanic confederation in 1815. In 1 8 10, he was expelled from all his possessions, by Bonaparte ; but after the battle of Leipsic in 1813, he return- ed, and at the congress of Vienna received the ti- tle of grand duke. Oldenburg, t. Germany, cap. of the grand dutchy of the same name, on the Hunte, 82 m. W. N. W. Hanover, 76 VV. S. W. Hamburg. It is fortified, and has two suburbs, and a mansion occupied by the grand duke. Lon. 8 11' E. Lat. 53 8' N Pop. .5,000. OMmlturg, t. Prussian States, 18 m. E. N. E. Paderbprn. Oldenburg, t. Denmark, in the dutchy of Hoi- stem, :>>> m. \. by E. Lubeck. Pop. 1,100. OUcndotf, t. Germany, O u the Weser, 23 m. S. W. Hanover. Pop. 1,300. w^ftSW V> ' l: "" )Vf ' r ' on the Ilm ' 21 m - N. by VV. Gottmgen. Pop. 900. OLE 551 Oldendorf, t. Germany, in Brunswick, 15 m. R. S. E. Pyrmont. Pop. 1,600. Oldensworlh, t. Denmark, in Sleswick, 4 m. N. Tonningen. Pop. 1,200. Oldensaal, t. Netherlands, in Overyssel, 30m. N. E.Zutphen. - Pop. 2,100. Oldersam, or Oldersheim, t. Hanover, on the Ems, 6 m. E. by S. Embden. Oldesloe, t. Denmark, in Holstein, on the Trave, 15 m.W. Lubeck, 23 N. E. Hamburgh. Pop. 1,700. Here are salt-works on a very large scale. Oldliam, t. Eng. in Lancashire, on a branch of the Medlock, near its source. It has increased very rapidly within the last 50 years, and an im- mense number of manufactories have been estab- lished in it, the above streams being favorable to their erection, and coal being abundant in the neighbourhood. The manufactures consist chiefly of fustians and hats, and cotton spinning. Pop. 16,930. 7i m. N. E. Manchester, 183 N.W. Lon- don. Lon. 2 7' W. Lat. 53 33' N. Oldhamville, t. Knox co. Ken. on Wood creek, a branch of Rock-castle river. Old Head of Kinsale, cape, on the S. coast of Ireland, in Corkto. 6 m. S. Kinsale. Lon. 8 30' W. Lat. 51 37' N. Oldisleben, t. Germany, in Saxe-Weimar, 25 m. N. Weimar. Pop. 800. Oldland, t. Eng. in Gloucester, 5 m. E. S. E. Bristol. Pop. 3,641. Old Man's Ray, bay, on the S. coast of New- foundland, 8 m E. Cape Ray. Old Man's creek, r. N. J which runs into Dela- ware river, 4 m. below Penn's creek. It separates Salem and Gloucester counties. Old Palls, p-v. in New Paltz, Ulster co. N. Y. situated on the Wallkill, over which is a good bridge. It is a Dutch settlement, and contains a stone Dutch Reformed church, and about twenty stone dwelling houses. Old Road Town, t. St. Christopher, 5 m. W Basse Terre. Lon. 62 48' W. Lat. 17 25' N. Old Salt House, p-v. Lincoln co. Ten. Old Slieshequin, p-v. Lycoming co. Pa. Old Town, or Indian Old Town, isl. and t. ot about 200 acres, Penobscot co. Maine, in Penob- scot river, just above Marsh island. Here are about 300 Indians, with a church and priest. Old Town. See Edgar (own. Old Town. See Skipton, Md. Old Town, p-t. Ross co. Ohio, 12 m. fr. Chilli- cothe. Old Town Creek, r. N. C. which runs into the W. side of Cape Fear river, near its mouth. Olean, (pronounced O le ann,) p-t. Cataraugu,* co. N. Y. on the Allegheny, 260 m. by water N E. Pittsburg, 130 S.W. Cay uga bridge. Pop. 1,047. In this town is the village of Hamilton, which see. Olcan, or Oil Creek, r. Cataraugus co. N. Y. which runs into the Alleghany, at Hamilton. Oleggio, or Olezzo, t. Sardinian States, on the Naviglio canal, 23 m. W. by N. Milan. Olekma,r. A. Russia, in Irkoutsk,' which runs N. nearly 600 miles, and falls into the Lena. Olekminsk, fort and t. A. Russia, about 9 m. fr. the mouth of the Olekma, 692 N. E. Irkoutsk. Olenei-Nos, cape, Eu. Russia, on the White sea, 70 m. N. Archangel. Olenek, r. A. Russia, which falls into the Frozen ocean, in Ion. 1 19 E. lat. 73 N. Oleout, r. Delaware co. N. Y. which runs into the Susquehannah. 552 O L L O L Y Oleron, isl. on the S.VV. coast of France, oppo- site the mouth of the Charente, 20 miles long. Extent, nearly 100 sq. miles. It is tolerably fer- tile, producing considerable quantities of corn and wine. Its most northerly point is in Ion. 1 11' W lat. 4546'N. Oleron, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees, 14 m S. W. Fau, 45 S. E. Bayonne. Pop. 5,500. It has manufactures of cotton stuffs, stockings, and caps ; also extensive dye-works. Olette, or Aulelte, t. France, in Eastern Pyre- nees, 7 m. S. W. Prades, 15 N. Campredon. Pop. 1,000. Oley, t. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 1,410. Olgiate, t. Austrian Italy, 17 m. N W. Milan. Olgopol, t. Eu. Russia, in Podolia, 148 m. E. S. E. Kaminiec. Olgun. See Dulcigno. Oliapore, t. Bengal, in Baharbund. Lon. 89 42 E. Lat. 25 22' N. Olibato, or Libatta, r. W. Africa, which runs into the Atlantic, 36 m. E. Cape Lopez Gonsalvo. Oliergue, t. France, in Puy de Dome, 26 m. E. S. E. Clermont-Ferrand Pop. 1,800. OhfanCs River, r. S. Africa, runs through the E. part of the territory of the Cape of Good Hope, and falls into the Gauritz. Olifanfs Riter, r. S. Africa, which falls into the Atlantic, 200 m. N. Cape Town. Olikan, small isl. A. Russia, in the Penzinskoi sea. Lon. 156 36' E. Lat. 60 26' N. Olinda. See Pernambuco. Olita, t. Russian Lithuania, on the Niemen, 37 m. S.VV. Troki. Olite, t. Spain, in Navarre, formerly the resi- dence of the kings of Navarre, 23 m. S. Pampelu- na, 20 S.W. Sanguessa. Pop. 1,200. Oliva, v. West Prussia, 4 m. W. Dantzic, re- markable for a treaty of peace concluded here in 1660, between the Sxvedes and Poles. Oliva, t. Spain, in Valencia, 36 m. S. Valencia. Lon. 4 T E. Lat. 39 N. Pop. 5,000. Olivares, t. Spain, in Old Castile, 18 m. E. Val- ladolid, 90 N. Madrid. Olive, t. Meigs co. Ohio. Pop. 485. Olive, t. Morgan co. Ohio. Pop. 520. Olive-green, t. Morgan co. Ohio. Pop. 299. Olives Island, small isl. off the S. coast of New- Holland. Lon. 133" 53' E. Lat. 32 46' S. Olivensa, or Olirenca, fortified t. on the W. frontier of Spain, in Estremadura, on the river Olivenza, which falls into the Guadiana, 9 m. N. E. of the town. It belonged to Portugal, until it was ceded to Spain, at the treaty of Badajoz, in 1801. The congress of Vienna, in 1815, recom- mended its restoration, but hitherto (1820) with- out effect. Pop. 4,500. 15 m. S. E. Elvas, 42 S. Evora. Oiiverinn, r. N. II. which runs into Connecticut river, at Haverhill. Olivet, or St. Martin < t a m : le from this town ; and many of his f tions are drawn from the contiguous scenery. 12 m. S. E. Northampton, 56 iV W. London. Lon. 0' 41- W. Lat. 52' 9' N. Pop. 2,268. Oloita, r. Austrian Italy, which falls into the Po, W. of Placentia. Olonti, isl. Eu. Russia, near the S. coast of Nova Zembla. Lon. 58 29' E. Lat. 70 30' N. Olonels, a very extensive government i:; tit V. of Eu. Russia, lyin* S. of iliat of AI E. of Finland, between 29 -10' and 40" M F,. l' E. Lat. 51 48' N. Pop. 1,560. Oranienbaum, t. Russia, on the gulf of Finland, 20 m. W. Petersburgh. Lon. 29 26' E. Lat. 59 52' N. Oranienburg, t. Prussian States, in Branden- burg, on the Havel, 18 m. N. Berlin, 28 N. N.E. Potsdam. Lon. 13 19' E. Lat. 52 45' N. Pop. 2,000. Oransay, one of the smaller Hebrides, S. of Co- lonsa, from which it is separated by a narrow strait. Lon. 6 7' W. Lat. 56 4' N. Orarne, small isl. on the W. side of the gulf of Bothnia. Lon. 17 7' E. Lat. 60 42' N. Orb, r. France, which runs into the Mediterra- nean, 8 m. below Beziers. - Orb, t. Bavaria, in the circle below the Rhine, Txrith considerable salt works. Pop. 3,710. Orba, r. Italy, which runs into the Bortnida, 3 m. below Alexandria. Orbe, r. Switz. which flows into lake Neufcha- tel. Orbe, t. Bavaria, celebrated for its salt works, 26 m. E. Frankfort-on-the-Mainc. Orbe, t. Switz. in Berne, 5m. S. W. Yverdun, 13 N. Lausanne. Pop. 2,000. Orbec, t. France, in Calvados, 10 m. S. E. Li- seux, 30 E. S E. Caen. Pop. 3,600. Orbclus, a great chain of mountains in Eu. Tur- key, belonging to Dardaniau Alps in Romania. It is rich in mines of gold, silver, copper, and iron. Orbieu, r. France, which runs into the Aude, 5 m. N. W. Narbonne. Orbitello, t. in the Siennese, but belonging to Naples, 65 m. N. W. Rome, 78 S. Florence. Lon. 1 1 6' E. Lat. 42 31 ' N. It is on the coast of the Mediterranean, has a good harbor, and is well fortified. Orcelis. See Orihuela. Orchies, t. France, dep. of the North, 9 m. S. W. Tournay, 12 S. S. E. Lille. Pop. 2,778. Orchilla, small isl. in the W. Indies, near the coast of S. America. The land is low, and in the form of a crescent or half moon. There is very little fresh water on the island, and the only ani- mals aie goats and lizards. Lon. 66 5' W. Lat. 1152'N. Ordenbach, r. Prussian States, which runs into the Rhine, 2 m. below Zons. Ordingen, t. Germany, 32 m. N. N. W. Cologne. Pop. 2,000. Orduna, t. Spain, in Biscay, 42 m. S. W. St. Se- bastian, 50 N.E. Burgos. Lon. 2 57' W. Lat. 42* 56' N. Pop. 4,000. Orebro, t. Sweden, in a province of the same name, on the Hielmar lake, 88 m. W. Stockholm. Lon. 15 IS' E. Lat. 59 17' N. Pop. 2,878. It is fortified, and carries on considerable trade. Oreehoua, one of the smaller Sandwich islands, separated from Oneehow by a channel about a mile broad. It is of small extent, and composed of naked rock. Lon. 160 8' W. Lat. 22 2' N. Oregon territory, comprises the part of the U. States, lying W. of the Rocky mountains. It has New Caledonia on the N. and the Spanish posses- sions on the S. But the particular boundaries be- tween these countries are not yet settled. Oregon is watered by Columbia river and its branches. Our knowledge of the territory is principally con- fined to this river. As you ascend it the country for the first 160 miles is covered with hea- vy timber, mostly of the pine species ; thence the woods diminish gradually for 60 miles, till noth- ing is found but stinted trees and ahrub oaks. The banks of the Columbia are inhabited by various Indian tribes, who subsist chiefly on the salmon, which the river yields in immense quantities. The American Fur company have a settlement at As- toria. A bill is now before Congress for the es- tablishment of a colony at the mouth of Columbia river. The bill provides for the extinction of the Indian title to 30 miles square on the river ; the erection of a fort, appointment of officers and open- ing of a port of entry ; and allows a bounty in lands to settlers. Among the benefits of the pro- posed colony are the security afforded to our fron- tier, the protection of our fisheries and other trade in the Pacific, and the facilities opened for in- tercourse with China. Oregrvnd, s-p. Sweden, 34m. N. N. E. Upsal, O R I 88 W. Stockholm. Lon. 18 26' E. Lat. 60 20' N. It has been repeatedly destroyed by the Russians. Orel, gov. of Russia, between Ion 33 and 39 E. Lat. 52 and 54 N. bounded N. by Tula and Kaluga, E. by Tambov and Voronetz, S. by Vo- ronetz and Kursk, W. by Chernigov and Smo- lensk. Sq. miles 16,030 Pop. 1,050,000. Orel, t. Russia, cap. of the above, on the Oka, 176 m. S. S. W. Moscow, 464 S. . E. Petersburg. Lon. 35 57' E. Lat. 52 55' N. Pop. 16,000. Orellana. See Amazon. Orem. See Ourem. Orenburg, gov. of Russia, bounded N. by Viatka and Perm, E. by Tomsk and the steppe of the Kirghizes, S. by the same and by Astrachan, and W. by Saratov, Simbirsk and Kasan. Pop. 875,- 000. Orenburg, t. A. Russia, and cap. of the above government is on the Ural, 250 m. N. E. Astra- can, 970 S. E. Petersburg. Lon. 55 5' E. Lat. 51 46' N. It is the great thoroughfare from Sibe- ria to Eu. Russia, and a place of considerable trade. The Scottish Missionary Society have fixed upon Orenburg for one of their Missionary stations, as it affords opportunities of usefulness among the resident Mahometans, and those who visit it for the purposes of commerce, and has ready access to the numerous Tartar tribes which sur- round it on all sides. The New Testament has been translated by one of the Missionaries into the Orenburg Tartar. Pop. 24,000, of whom 4,000 or 5,000 are Tartars. Orense, city, Spain, in Galicia, on the Minho, 37 m. S. E. Compostella, 72 W. Astorga. Lon. 7 53' W. Lat. 42 25 N. Pop. 8,000. It is the see of a bishop. It has warm springs, which are salu- tary in several diseases. Orfa, pachalic, A. Turkey, on the E. side of the Euphrates, between this river and the pacha- lic of Bagdad. Or/a, t/r/a, (an. Edessa) t. and cap. of the above pachalic, is well built and has some trade. Pop. 40,000. Lon. 19 27' E. Lat. 56 3' 30'' N. Orford, t. Eng. in Suffolk, 19 m. E. Ipswich, 89 N. E. London. Lon. 1 31' W. Lat. 52 6' N. Pop. 399. It sends two members to parliament. Orford, t. Kent co. Up. Canada, on the N. shore of lake Erie, extending back to the river Thames. Orford, p-t. Grafton co. N. H. on Connecticut river. It contains 2 churches, and a pleasant vil- lage of about 30 houses. Pop. 1,568. Orford Nets, cape, Eng. on the S. E. coast of Norfolk. Lon. 1 6' E. Lat. 52 4' N. Orford Nest, cape, on the E. coast of New Hol- land. Lon. 218 9' W. Lat. 11 15' N. Orgelet, t. France, in Jura, 12 m. S. Lons le Saunier, 20 S. Poligny. Lon. 5 41' E. Lat. 45 31' N. Pop. 1,224. Organ, t. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone, on the Durance, 17 m. E. Tarascon. Pop. 2,400. Orgon, r. Chinese Tartary, which runs into the Selingue, in Ion. 106 14' E. lat. 50 N. Oria, or Oira, t. Naples, in Otranto. 45 m. N. W . Otranto, 165 E. Naples. It is a bishop's see. Orient, La, s-p. France, in Morbihan, 100 m. S. W. Rennes, 180 W. Paris. Lon. 3 16' W. Lat. 47 45' N. Pop. 17,837. It is at the bottom of a bay, at the mouth of the river Scorf. The harbor fa good, but not capable of receiving many ships of war. Origny, t. France, in Aisne, 8 m. E. St. Quentin. Pop. 2,400. Orikuela, or Origvela, t. Spain, in Valencia, 26 O R K 557 m. S. W. Alicant, 31 N. Carthagena. Lon. 15' W. Lat. 38 7' N. Pop. 21,000. It is situated in a fertile country, surrounded by high mountains, and is famous for the manufacture of curious snufl boxes, out of the roots of the terebinthus. It is the see of a bishop. Orinoco, or Oronoco, r. S. America, which rises in the mountains N. W. of lake Parima, in lat 5* N. and Ion. 65 W. Its course, for the first 300 miles, is from N. to S. It then turns to the west, and, after a course of 150 miles, receives the Ca- siquiari from the south. From the Casiquiari it continues its course westward to St. Fernando, where it receives from the S. W.the Guaviari, a very considerable river. Here it turns northward, and, after receiving the Vichada from the west, pours its waters down the cataract of Atures. These cataracts completely obstruct the naviga- tion of the river. They lie, according to Depons, 740 miles from the mouth of the Orinoco, and 760 from its source, in lat. 5 40' N. and Ion. 68" W. Below the cataracts, 90 miles, it is enlarged by the waters of the Meta, one of its principal tribu- taries, which is 500 miles long, and navigable 370 miles. Below the mouth of the Meta, 140 miles, the Orinoco receives from the west the Apura, a large and deep river, 520 miles long, having nu- merous and wide spreading branches, and more rapid than the Orinoco,into which it empties its wa- ters by many mouths. After receiving the Apura,. the Orinoco turns to the east, and, after a further course of about 400 miles, divides itself, like the Nile, and discharges its waters into the ocean by 50 mouths, the two most distant of which are 180 miles apart. Only 7, however, are navigable, and but one of these, the southern, called the Ship's Mouth, for vessels of more than 200 tons. The Delta of the Orinoco consists of low boggy lands, in most places liable to inundation. Orinsay, small isl. of the Hebrides, lying be- twixt Boreray and North Uist, and separated from the latter by a narrow Sound. Ono, t. Spain, in Guipuscoa, on the sea coast, 4 m. W. St. Sebastian. Pop. 800. Orio, t. Austrian Italy, 30 m. S. S. E. Milan. Oriskany, creek, Oneida co. N. Y. which flows into the S. side of the Mohawk, in Whitestown. The village of Oriskany, at its mouth, contains ex- tensive cotton and woollen manufactories. Here is a post-office. Orissa. province, Hind, between 16 and 23 N. lat. bounded E by the sea and Bengal, and W. by Gundwaneh. It was formerly an independent Hindoo kingdom, but was first conquered by the Afghans, and afterwards by the Moguls, towards the end of the 16th century. All the valuable parts of this province are now in the hands of the British. Oristano, t. on the W. coast of Sardinia, on a fine bay of the same name. It is the see of an archbishop, 40 m. N.W. Cagliari. Pop. 6,000. Orivolo, t. Italy, in the States of the Church, 25 m. N.W. Rome. Orizaba, t. Mexico, in the intendaucy of Vera Cruz, situated in a valley remarkable for its rich pastures, and overshadowed with the most ver- dant forests, above which proudly rises on the W. the volcano of Orizaba, covered with perpetual snow. Pop. about 8,000, consisting of whites and Indians. 1 20 m. E. by S. Mexico. Lon. 97 7' W. Lat. 1848'N. Orjachov, or Orkapusi. See Perecop. Orkney Islands^ the Orcades of the ancient?, * 558 O R L oluster of islands in the North sea, separated from the \. coast of Scotland by the Pentland frith. They are about 30 in number ; but many of them are uninhabited. The principal inhabited islands are Pomona or Mainland, Hoy, North Ronald- shay, South Ronaldshay, Sanday, Stronsay, Eday, Westray, Shapmshay, &c. All the islands may contain about 384,000 acres, divided perhaps in the following proportions : viz. heath and moss, occupied as common, 294,000 acres; green pas- ture, occupied as common, 30,000; infield pasture an<: meadow, 30,000; arable, including gardens, 24,1)00; total productive land, 84,000; houses, roa-is, walls, ditches, 2,000; fresh water, 4,000. E^e-.t so:;ie .slanted birch and hazel bushes, and a few willows and juniper bushes, there is scarce a tree or shrub to be seen. The animals are small horses, black cattle, sheep, swine, and rabbits. There are large flocks of sheep in fine condition. The principal exports are beef, pork, butter, tal- low, hides, salt fish, oil, feathers, linen yarn, kelp, with small quantities of grain in years of plenty. The imports are wood, iron, flax, coal, sugar, spir- it?, wine, snuff and tobacco ; flour, soap, leather, hardware, broadcloth, printed linens and cottons. The annual exports have sometimes been estima- ted at 40,000, and the import? at 36,000. Pop. in 1801, 24,445 ; in 1811, 23,238. Orkub See Precopia. Orlamunda, t. Germany, in Saxe-Gotha, on the Saale, at the influx of the Orla into that river, 14 m. S. by E. Weimar, 21 S E. Erfurt. Pop 2,000. Orland, t. Hancock co. Maine, on the E. side of the Penobscot, 17 m. N. Castine. Pop. 610. Orlando, Capo di, cape, on the N. coast of Sicily, 25 m. W. by S. Melazzo. Lon. 14 41' E. Lat. 38 15 N. Orlau, t. Austrian States, 12 m. N. W. Teschen. Pop. 900. Orient, p-v. Faquier co. Va. Orleans, t. in the central part of France, cap. of Loiret, on the Loire. The situation is favorable to trade. Placed almost in the centre of the king- dom, and communicating, by means of the Loire and its tributary streams, with several fertile de- partments of the interior, it forms a great entrepot for their productions ; while, on the other hand, the foreign commodities imported at Nantes, La Rochelle, and some other smaller ports, are for- warded thither, and subsequently distributed into different parts of the kingdom. The chief articles of export are corn, wine, brandy and fruit. The manufactures are stockings, woollens, hats, and leathei It is the see of a bishop. Pop. 42,000. 70 m. N. W. Tours, 80 S. by W. Paris. Lon. 1 54' E. Lat. 47 54' N. Orleans, Island of, isl. in the St. Lawrence, 6 m. below Quebec, 25 miles long, and 5 broad. The soil is very fertile in almost every part. Pop. 4,000. Orleans, co. Vt. bounded N. by Canada, E. by Essex co. S. by Caledonia and Washington coun- ties, and W. by Franklin co. Pop. 6,976. En- gaged in agriculture 1*536, in commerce 11, in manufactures 101. Chief town, Irasburg. Orleans, p-t. Barnstable co. Mass. 20 m. E. Barnstable, 85 S. E. Boston. Pop. 1,343. Orleans, t. Jefferson co. N.Y. Orleans, Territory of. See Louisiana. Orleans, parish, Louisiana, on the banks of the Mississippi. It extends from Lake Borgne to the gulf of Mexico. Pop. (without New-Orleans city) 14,175. Slaves 7,591. o n o Oriov, t. Eu. Russia, on the river Viatka, 26 m, W. ofViatka. Pop. 3,600. Ormea, t. Piedmont, near the Tanaro, defended by a strong castle. 20 m. N. by W. Oneglia, 60 S. Turin. Pop. 5,300. Ormskirk, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 30 m. S. Lan- caster, 210 N. N. W. London. Lon. 2 52' W. Lat. 53 34' N. Pop. 3,064. Ormus, isl. in the strait of the same name, which connects the Persian gulf with the Indian ocean, on which was built a city, once the most splendid and celebrated of all Asia. It was the emporium of the trade of India with Persia, and even with Europe, its commodities being carried up the Eu- phrates, and across the Syrian desert. Ormuz did not owe its greatness to any natural advantage. It is a mere rock of salt, and produces neither a sin- gle article of provision, nor a drop of water. Its greatness and splendour were due entirely to com- merce. When the Portuguese fleets had found their way round the Cape into the Indian seas, their cupidity was soon excited by Ormuz. They made several attempts to obtain possession of it, which proved abortive; but in 1514, the great Al- buquerque sailed thither with a force so over- whelming, that resistance was scarcely attempted. It continued one of the main seats of Portuguese power, till the reign of Shah Abbas, when that ambitious monarch, with the assistance of an English fleet, succeeded in wresting it from them. The Persian monarch made it then his object to transfer the trade of Ormuz to Gombroon, situated on the coast opposite to it ; and at length all the inhabitants were ordered to evacuate the place, leaving only a Persian garrison. About the end of the last century, Ormuz was taken possession of by the Iinarn of Maskat. The fort has been put into a tolerable state of repair, but it contains only about 500 inhabitants. The whole of the ancient city is one mass of ruins. Lon. 56 40" E. Lat 27 8 N. Ornain, small r. France, in Meuse, which falls into the Marne at Vitry. Ornans, t. France, in Doubs. Pop. 3,100. The inhabitants are employed partly in the iron works of the vicinity, partly in manufactures of leather and paper. 12 m. S. E. Besangon, 20 N. W. Pon- tarlier. Orne, department in the N. of France, bordered by the departments^ Calvados, Eure-and-Loire, Mayenne-and-Sarthe. Extent, 2,500 square miles. Pop. in 1815, 422,000. The principal mineral product is iron, the average annual produce of which is about 8,000 tons. Alengon is the cap- ital. Orne, r. France, which rises near Orne, and falls into the Moselle, not far from Metz. Orne, r. France, which becomes navigable at Caen, and discharges itself into the English chan- nel, about 9 miles below that town. Ornes, t. France, in Meuse, 9 m. N. E. Verdun, Pop. 1,000. Oro, Caped\ the E. point of the island of Ne- gropont, anciently called Cephareus. Lon. 24 40' E. Lat. 38 8' N. Orodada, port on the coast of Peru, 6 m. S. by W. Payta. Oromoclo, r. New Brunswick, which falls into the W. side of the St. John. By this river the Indians have a communication with Passamaquod- dy bay. Oron, t. Switz. in the Pays de Vaud, 10 m. E, N. E. Lausanne. O R T Orono, formerly Indian Old Town, t. and isl. Penobscot co. Maine, in Penobsoot river, just above the Great Falls. Here are about 100 fam- ilies of Indians, the remains of the Peuobscot tribe, with a Roman Catholic church and priest. 5 m. N. Bangor. Pop. 415. Oronoke. See Orinoco. Oronsay, one of the smaller Hebrides, separated from Colousay by a narrow channel. Orontes, r. Syria, and the largest by which that country is watered. It rises in Mount Lebanon, to die N. of Damascus, near the source of the Jor- dan, and, flowing N. falls into the Mediterranean, in lat. 36 N. Oropesa, the capital of Cochabamba, in Buenos Ayres, 8 m. N. Cochabamba, 89 N. N. VV. Chu- quisaca. Lon. 67 18' W. Lat. 18 11' S. Pop. 17,UOO. Oropesa, t. Spain, in Avila, 20 m. W. by S. Ta- lavera de la Reyna. Pop. 1,400. Oropesa, Cape, cape on the E. coast of Spain, in Valencia. Lon. 8' 25" E. Lat. 40 5' 33" N. Oropus, t. Greece, in Attica, about 3 miles from the sea. It commands the adjacent plain of Tana- gra, the subject of frequent contest between the Thebans and Athenians. Oroshasa, t. Hungary, 28 m. W. by S. Gyula. Pop. 6,000. Orovesi, lake, Russia, in Finland, 40 m. N. W. lake Ladoga. It is 15 or 16 leagues long. Oroust, isl. on the S. W. coast of Sweden, at the entrance of the Cattegat, 40 miles in circumfer- ence. Lat. 11 30' E. Lat. 58 10' N. Orphan's Bank) a fishing bank at the S. E. point of Chaleur bay, on the coast of New Brunswick. Orphan Island, large isl. Hancock co. Maine, near the mouth of the Penobscotj between Pros- pect and Orland. Orpierre, t. France, in Upper Alps, 30 m. S.W. Gap. Pop. 800. Orr Water, r. Scotland, which falls into the Sol- way frith, 10 m. E. Kirkcudbright. Lon. 3 50' W. Lat. 54 55' N. Orrell, t. England, in Lancashire, 4 m. N. Liv- erpool. Pop. 2,000. Orrington, p-t. Penobscot co. Maine, on the E, side of the Penobscot, 5 m. S. Bangor, 32 N. Cas- tine. Pop. 1,049. Orrtville, p-v. Pendleton district, S. C. Ortero, t. Austrian states, on the W. coast of Is- tria, 4 m. N. Rovigno. Orsha, or Orshan, t. Eu Russia, in Mohilev, on the Dnieper, 40 m. N. Mohilev. Lon. 30 14' E. Lat. 54 30 ' N. Pop. 2,500. Orskaia, t. A. Russia, in Orenburg, on the Or, about a mile and a half before its junction with the Oural. 132 m. E. Orenburg. Orsoris Island, isl. Maine, in the river Penob- scot, at the N. end of Marsh's island. Orsova, New, or Ntu-Orschowa, t. and fortress, Eu. Turkey, on an island in the Danube. The fortress has been frequently taken and retaken by the Turks and Imperialists, but has remained in the hands of the former since the treaty of Sistow in 1789. 50 m. N. by W. Vidin, 100 E. Belgrade. Pop. 2,800. Ortova, or Orschowa, Old, fort, Hungary, at the influx of the Tscherna into the Danube, opposite New Orsova. Onyy, t Prussian States, on the W. bank of the Rhine, 24 m. S. E. Cleves. Pop. 1,000. Ort, t. Austria, 15 m. E. Vienna. Pop. 900. Or/a, t Sardinian States, 30 m. N. Vercelli. O S A Orta, t. Naples, in the Capitanata, 26 m. S. W, Manfredonia. Pop. 1,500. Orta, t. Italy, iu the States of the Church, OB the Tiber. It is the see of a bishop. 36 m. N. by W. Rome. Ortegal, Cape, a well known promontory of Spain, in Galicia. Lon. 7 54' W. Lat. 43 46 40" N. Ortelsburg, or Scytno, t. East Prussia, 80 m. S. S. E. Konigsberg. Pop. 1,100. Ortenberg, t Germany, in Hesse-Darmstadt, 22 m. E. N. E. Frankfort on the Maine, 20 S. E. Gies- sen. Ortenburg,t. Bavarian States, 5 m. S. Vilzhofen, 10 W. Passau. Pop. 1,200. Orthcz, t. France, in Upper Pyrenees, 22 m. N. W. Pau, and 30 E. Bayonne. Pop. 6,200. Orthosa, or Ortusa, s-p. Syria, on the coast of the Mediterranean, 12 m. N. Tripoli. Ortles-Spitze^ the highest mountain of the Aus- trian empire, in Tyrol. Its elevation is 15,000 feet. Orton, or Overton, t. Eng. in Westmoreland, 14 m. N. Kendal. Lon. 2 35' W. Lat. 54 28' N. Pop. 333. Ortone a Mare, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra, oa the sea coast. It is the sea of a bishop. 50 m. E. Aquila, 100 N. Naples. Pop. 5,700. Ortona di Marsi, t. Naples in Abruzzo Citra, 34 m. N. by E. Ponte Corvo. Oruba. See Aruba. Ormelo, t. Italy, in the States of the Church, at the confluence of the Paglia and Chiana, 60 m. N. N. W. Rome. It is the see of a bishop. Here is a college of Jesuits. Pop. 7,000. Orville, p-v. Onondaga co. N. Y. Orurillo, t. Peru, in La Paz, on Lake Titica, 25 m. N.W. Asangaro. Oruro, a province of Buenos Ayres, bounded N. by Sicasica, E. by Cochabamba, S. and S. E. by Paria, and W. and N. W. by Pacajes. Pop. 8,000. Oruro, the capital, is in a beautiful valley, 70 m. N. N. W. Potosi. Lon. 68 W. Lat. 18 9 48' S. Orwell, r. Eng. in Suffolk, commonly called Ips- wich water. It unites with the Stour, and forms the fine harbour of Harwich. It is navigable to Ipswich. Above Ipswich it takes the name of Gipping. Orwell, r. Up. Canada, which runs into Lake Erie, between Landguard and the North Fore- land. Orwell, p-t. Rutland co. Vt. on Lake Champlain, 48 m. W. N. W. Windsor. Pop. 1,730. Orwell, p-t. Oswego co. N. Y. Pop. 488. Orwell, p-t. Bradford co. Pa. Pop. 713. Orwigsburg, borough and cap. Schuylkill co. Pa. 27 m. N. W. Reading. Pop. 600. Here is an academy. Orzevo, t. Austrian states, in Istria, on the Adri- atic, 5 m. N. Rovigno. Orzi Nuovi, t. Austrian Italy, on the Oglio, 34 m. E. by S. Milan. Pop. 3,000. Osa, r. Italy, in Tuscany, which falls into the Mediterranean at Telamone Vecchio. Osacca, city of Japan, the port of Meaco, situ- ated at the head of a bay of the same name, 25 m. S. W. Meaco. It is the seat of a very extensive trade, and one of the most flourishing cities in the empire. Osftges, Indians, of the U. States, in Arkansas and Missouri Territories. The Osages of the Mis- 560 O S M Souri are divided into Great and Little Osages, and live in two separate villages, which are six miles apart, on the waters of the Osage river, about 366 miles above its junction with the Mis- souri, in lat. 37 N. and Ion. 96 40' VV. Their whole number is estimated at 6,000, of whom about 4,000 are Great Osages, and 2,009 Little Osages. The distinction between them is merely nominal, as they form parts of one nation. The Osages of the Arkansas are 2,000 in number, and inhabit several villages on branches ol Arkansas river, about 150 miles S. VV. of the villages of the Great and Little Osages. Their principal village is on Verdigris river, but they have another on Grand river, 25 miles from its junction with the Arkansas, in lat. 35 30' N. and Ion. 97 20' VV. This last, called Union, is fixed upon, by the Uni- ted Foreign Missionary Society, as one of their stations among the Osages, and in the summer of 18-20, a mission family, consisting of more than 20 persons, was sent to occupy it The same society have also sent out another family to reside among the Osages of the Missouri. This station is called Harmony. The Osages subsist on corn, pumpkins, beans, fish, and the flesh of wild ani- mals. They are remarkably hospitable, fond of peace, and particularly desirous of preserving a good understanding with the people of the United States. When provoked to war, they are brave ; and, in their recent contests with the Cherokees, have sometimes conquered with far inferior num- bers. Osage, a large river of the U. States, which rises in the Ozark mountains near the sources of White river, and running N E. joins the Missouri, by 2 mouths, J33 miles from the Mississippi, in lat. 38 31' N. and Ion. 92 W. Its principal tributa- ry is the Yungar. The Osage is beatable 600 miles. Its banks are highly fertile and afford in- exhaustible beds of coal ; iron and lead are also found. Osage, Fort, fort Missouri, on the S. bank of the Missouri, 142 m. by the course of the river above Chanton. Lat. 39" 9' 33" N. Osage Woman's River, r. Missouri which falls into the N. side of the Missouri, about 60 miles from its confluence with the Mississippi. It is about 30 yards wide at its mouth. Osark. See Arkansas, town. Osch, t. Netherlands, in North Brabant, 12 m. N. E. Bois le Due. Pop 2,800. Oschalz, t. Germany, in Saxony, near the small river Colnitz, 18 m. N. W. Meissen, 32 N. W. Dresden. Pop. 3,400. Oschersleben, t. Prussian Saxony, 19m. W.S.W. Magdeburg. Pop. 3,000. Osero, t. Austrian states, on an island in the Ad- riatic, joined to the larger island of Cherso, by a bridge. Pop. 1,500. It is the see of a bishop. Osgood, t. Russel co. Up. Canada, on the river Rideau, which flows into the Ottawa. Osgyan, t. Hungary, 39 m. N. N. W. Erlau. Osimo, Italy, in the States of the Church. It is the see of a bishop. 10 m. S. by W. Ancona, 110 N. N. E. Rome. Lon. 13 27' 23" E. Lat. 43 29' 36" N. Pop. 6,700. Oskol JVovoi, t. Eu. Russia, in Kursk, 93 m. S. E.Kursk. Pop. 2,300. Oskol Staroi, t. Eu. Russia, in Kursk, 75 m. E. S. E. Kursk. Pop. 5,000. Osma, t. Spain, in Old Castile. It is a bishop's see. Here Sir Thomas Graham defeated a body O S T of French, on 15th June 1813. 40 m. S. E. Bur- gos, 52 N. N. E. Madrid. Pop. 2,000. Osmanjic, t. A. Turkey, in Sivaa, 140 m. N. W. Sivas. Osmarskoi, t. A. Russia, on the Irtyach, 201 m. W.S W.Kolivan. Osnabruck, or Osnaburg, a province in the S. W. of Hanover, between the grand dutchy of Olden- burg and the Prussian province of Westphalia. Area, 920 sq. miles. Pop. 126,000, of whom the majority are Lutherans, and the rest Catholics. A large proportion of this principality consists of heath, moor, and sandy eminences, all very unpro- ductive. Of the coarse linen so well known by the name of Osnaburgs, great quantities are man- ufactured by the inhabitants. Its public revenue is between 50,000 and 60,000 sterling. Osnabruck. or Osnaburg, the capital of the above province, is on the Hase. It has manufactures of coarse woollen, leather, and tobacco. Here are also several linen bleachfields. 70 m. W. Hano- ver, 28 N. E. Munster. Lon. 8 1' E. Lat. 52 16' N. Pop. 9,300. Osnaburg, p-t. Stark co. Ohio, 5 m. E. Canton. Pop. 8 13. Osnabruck, t. Ormont co. Up. Canada, on the St. Lawrence. Osorno, t. Chili, 212, m. S. La Conception. Lat. 40 20' S. Ossa, t. Eu. Russia, in Perm, 48 m. S. W. Perm. Pop. 1,000. Ossa, celebrated mountain in the N. of Greece, in Thessaly, to the S. E. of Olympus, from which it is separated by the vale of Tempe, and the river Peneus, which flows through it. Ossabaw, isl. off the coast of Georgia, at the mouth of the Ogechee, 20 miles in circumference. Lon. 81 17' W. Lat. 31 42' N. Ossabaw Sound, inlet, Georgia, between the isl- ands of Great Wassaw and Ossabaw. Ossegh, v. Bohemia, 18 m. N. N. W. Leutme- ritz. Ossendrecht, v. Netherlands, in North Brabant, 13 m. N. by W. Antwerp. Pop. 800. Ossetes, a rude people who inhabit the northern part of the mountains of Caucasus. They muster, on an emergency, 10,000 horse. Ossett, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 3i m. W. Wakefield Pop 4,083. Ossiack, v. Austrian states, 15 m. W. N. W. Clagenfurth. Oman, t. Alleghany co. N. Y. Pop. 921. Ossiek, t. Poland, on the Vistula, 19 m. W.S.W. Sendomir. Ossieri, t. island of Sardinia, in Cagliari. Pop. 6,000. Ossipee, t. Strafford co. N. H. 32 m. N. E. Coii- cord. Pop. 1,793. There is a lake of the same name in this township, and also a mountain. Ossipee, r. which flows from Ossipee lake in N. H. into Saco river in Maine. The mouth of Little Ossipee, is 12 m. below. Omm, t. France, in Upper Pyrenees, 7 m. S. W. Tarbes, 15 N. W. Bagneres. Pop. 1,800. Ossuna, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 48 m. E. Seville, 28 W. N. W. Antequera. Pop. 15,000. Oslabal, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees, 6 m. S. by W. St. Palais, 9 W. Mauleon. Ostalrick. See Hostalrick. Ostaschkow, t. Eu. Russia, in Tver. The chief employments are the manufacture of leather, and the building of barks for the navigation of the O S T Wolga. 108 m. N. Tver. Loa. 33 12' 21" E. Lat. 57 9' 40" N. Fop. 6,400. Oste, navigable r, of Hanover, which rises in Luneburg, and falls into the Elbe near the sea. Oslen, v. Hanover, on the river Oste, llm. N. W. Stade. Ostend, or Ostsnde, t. Netherlands, in West Flanders, 14 m. W. Bruges. Its old fortifications, also a great earthen mound, and a moat around the town, are still kept up ; and the approach to it maj be rendered very difficult, by inundating a part of the surrounding country. The flat shore of Flanders has few good harbors ; that of Ostend ia reckoned one of the best. It communicates by canals with that of Bruges and Ghent on the W. and with Nieuport on the E. It exports the pro- duce of Flanders, and, in return, supplies it with colonial and other foreign goods. Since the peace of 1814, the former communication between Do- ver and Ostend has been renewed ; regular post- office packets convey the mail twice a week, both from Dover to Ostend, and from Ostend to Dover. 35 m. W. by N. Ghent, 66 W. by N. Brussels. Lon. 2 55' E. Lat. 51 14' N. Pop. 10,500. Osier, t. Eu. Russia, 39 m. S. Czernigov. Lon. 31 14' E. Lat. 50 28' N. Osterburg, t. Prussian Saxony, 47 m. N. Magde- burg. Pop. 1,500. Osterby, t. Sweden, in Upland, 28 m. N. Upsal. Osterholz, t. Hanover, 10 m. N. Bremen. Osterode, t. Hanover, on the Soese, in the moun- tainous district of the Harz, 18 m. N. E. Gottin- gen. Lon. 10 16' E. Lat. 51 44' N. Pop. 4,200. Osterode, t. East Prussia, 38 m. S. S. E. Elbing. Pop. 1,700. Osteroe, one of the Faroe islands, in the North sea, belonging to Denmark, separated from the E. ?ide of Stromoe by a narrow channel. Lat. 61 M' N. Oslersund, t Sweden, in Jamtland, 108 m. W. N. W. Hernsand. Pop. 300. Oxter ville, p-v. Barnstable co. Mass. Osterwalde, pass in the mountains of Bohemia, to the S. E. of Dresden, remakable for the obsti- nate conflicts of 30th and 31st August 1813, be- tween the French under Vandamme, and the alli- od army. Oslencick, t. Prussian Saxony, on the river Us, J5 m. W. N. W. Halberstadt. Pop. 2,600. Ostheim, v. Germany, in Hesse-Cassel, 19 m. N, Cassel. Ostheim, Great, t. Bavaria, on the Maine, 4 m. N. i:. Aschaffenburg. Pop. 1,300. Osthe.im near the Rhoen, t. Bavarian states, but belonging to Saxe- Weimar, 10 m. S. W. Mein- ungen. Osthopen, t. Germany, in Hesse-Darmstadt, 5 m. N. Worms. Pop. 1,800. Ostia, t. Italy, in the States of the Church, near the influx of the Tiber into the Mediterranean. It is the see of a bishop. In the noighbourhood are extensive salt works. 14 m. S. VV. Rome. O^tiakx, one of the most numerous tribes of Si- beria, situated chiefly upon the Obi, in the gov- ernment of Tobolsk. They are extremely hos- pitable, but very simple, timid, and full of preju- dices. Fish forms the principal part of their food. They are in general still Pagans, and addicted to many practice of very gross idolatry. They reg- ularly pay to the Russian government their tribute of furs. According to the census of 1784, the Os- tiaksoftbe Obi amouuted to 30-981 males. 71 O S W $61 Ostiano, t. Austrian Italy, on the Oglio, 13 m N. E. Cremona. Pop. 3,400. Ostiglia, t. Austrian Italy, on the N. bank of the, Po, 12 m. S. W. Legnago. Oslionts, small isl. in the Pacific ocean, near the S. coast of America. Lat. 4 10' N. Ostrach, v. Germany, in Hohenzollern-Sigma- ringen, 5 m. E. Pullendorf. Pop. 1,100. Oslrau, t. Austrian states, in Moravia, on an island in the river March, 7 m. S. Hradisch. Pop. 800. Oslrits, t. Saxony, on the Queiss, 7 m. S. Gor- litz. Pop. 1,300. Ostrog, t. Russian Poland, in Volhynia. It is the see of an archbishop of the Greek church. 57 m. N. W. Constantinov. Pop. 4,600. Lon. 26 28' E. Lat. 50 19'52"N. Oslrogoshk, t. Eu. Russia, in Voronez, 50 m. S. Voronez. Pop. 3,600. Oslrolenka, t. Poland, on the Narew. Pop. 1,100. Oslrov, t. Eu. Russia, in Pskov, on an island in the river Velikaja, 27 m. S. Pskov. Oslrora, t. Eu. Turkey, in Macedon, 45 m. W. N. W. Salonica. Oslrovissa, t. Austrian states, in Dalmatia, 14 m. N. Scardona. Ostrovno, v. Russian Lithuania, on the Dvina, 17 m. W. Vitepsk. Ostrow, t. Prussian Poland, 49 m. N. E. Breslau. Pop. 2,500. Ostrow, t. Poland, 22 m. N. E. Lublin. Pop, 1 ,500. Ostrseszou'y or Schildberg, t. Prussian Poland, 21 ra. S. S. E. Kalisch. Pop. 1,100. Ostuni, t. Naples, in Otranto, near the Adriatic, 34 m. E. N. E. Taranto, 50 S. E. Bari. It is the see of a bishop. Oswegatchie, t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. on the St. Lawrence. Pop. 1,661. In this town is Og- densburg, which see. Oswegalchie, r. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. which runs into the St. Lawrence at Ogdensburg, after a course of 120 miles. Oswego, co. N. Y. formed in 1816 out of parts of Oneida and Onondaga counties ; bounded N. by Jefferson co. E. by Lewis and Onondaga cos. S. by Oneida lake and Onondaga co. and W. by Cayuga co. and Lake Ontario. Pop. 12,374. Engaged in agriculture 3,402, in commerce 227, in manufac- tures 488. Chief towns, Richland and Oswego. Oswego, p-t. and port of entry, Oswego co. N. Y. on both sides of the river Oswego, at its mouth, being partly in Scriba, and partly in Hannibal, 60 m. N. W. Rome, 173 N. W. Albany. Lon. 76 35' W. Lat. 43 28' N. A bridge about 700 feet long is erected across the river at the head of th,e harbor connecting the villages of East and West Oswego. The trade of this place is very consid- erable, and is rapidly increasing. In 1809, the value of goods shipped here was $535,000. The amount of shipping in 1816, was 504 tons. The courts sit alternately here and at Pulaski. Os- wego is an important military post. The fort stands on the eastern shore, at the mouth of the river, and is celebrated in the history of American wars. Pop. 929. Osivego, T. N. Y. which issues from Oneida lake, and runs into Lake Ontario. After a very crooK- ed course of 18 miles, it receives the Seneca river, whence to its mouth is 24 miles. At the mouth of the river there is a safe and good harbor, with two 562 OTA O T* t) fathoms water. The channel is commanded by a well built fort on an eminence E. of the river. By means of locks and canals this river may be made navigable. Oswego Falls,p-v. Oneidaco. N. Y. Osiceil, v.Wirtemberg, near Ludwigsburg. Pop. 1,100. Osu'aldwhistle, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 3 m. E. S. E. Blackburn. Pop. 3,5 12. Osiceslry, borough t. Eng. in Salop co. It has some manufactures and a considerable trade. 18 m. N. W. Shrewsbury, 180 N. W. London. Lon. 3 3' W. Lat. 52 5 1 ' N. Pop. 3,497. Oszmiano, Oschmiano, or Osmiana, t. Russian Lithuania, 30 m. E. S. E. VVilna. Otabalo, or Otaralo, a province of Quito, 12 leagues long from N. W. to S. E. Olabalo, or Otaralo, the capital, is 30 m. N.E. Quito, 167 S. S. W. Potosi. Lon. 78 5' W. Lat. 13 3' N. Pop. 15,000. Otaha> one of the Society Islands, in the Pacific ocean, situated N. of Ulietea. Lon. 151 20' W. Lat. 16 53' S. Olaheile, or King George the Third's Island, isl. in the Pacific ocean, consisting of two peninsulas connected by a low isthmus about three miles across. The larger, Otaheite Nooe, is about 90 miles in circumference, and nearly circular ; the lesser, or Tiaraboo, is about 30 miles. The island has a border of low land, reaching from the beach to the rising of the hills, in some places near a mile, in others hardly a furlong wide ; while in several points the mountains abruptly terminate in high cliffs, against which the sea beats, and form difficult passages from one district to another. The soil of the low lands, and of the vallies, which run up from the sea between the mountains, is remarkably fertile, consisting of a rich blackish mould. In the higher regions is found the pre- cious sandal-wood, whence the natives chiefly draw the perfume for the cocoa-nut oil, with which they anoint themselves. The bay of Ma- tavai affords safe anchorage during eight months of the year, but is dangerous from December to March. The inhabitants of this island are above the common size, and the chiefs are a larger race, few of them being under six feet. The men are tall, strong, well limbed, and finely sjiaped. The government is monarchical, and hereditary in one family. There is also an aristocracy, con- sisting of the chiefs of the several districts, some of whom are supreme in one district, and exercise in their own territories all regal power, yet still subject to the monarch as their sovereign para- mount. The produce of this island is bread-fruit, cocoa-nuts, bananas of thirteen sorts ; plantains, a fruit not unlike an apple, which, when ripe, is very pleasant ; sweet potatoes, yams, cocoas, a kind of arum ; a fruit known here by the name of jambu, and reckoned most delicious ; and sugar- cane, whioh the inhabitants eat raw. All these, and many others, the earth produces spontane- ously, or with little culture. During the last eight or ten years, a great change has taken place in this, as well as in the neighboring island Eimeo ; and also in other of the Georgian and Society Islands. In the year 1796, the London Missionary Society seat out to Otaheite, and other islands of the South seas, a number of missionaries, to communicate the Christian religion to the natives, who gladly received them, as well as several others that were afterwards sent out in the year 1800. In conse- quence of disturbances in Otaheite in 1799, sev- eral of the missionaries were obliged to take ref uge in New South Wales, some of whom afte^ wards returned to the islands. For a period of fifteen years, they labored with very little success, to draw the attention of the natives from their cruel rites and superstitions, to the superior claims of the Christian faith. At length, in the year 1814, the number in Otaheite, and the neigh- boring island of Eimeo amounted to about filty. who had voluntarily renounced idolatry, and em- braced Christianity. From this time accessions were gradually made to the numbers of the native Christians, until at length the whole of the in- habitants of Otaheite, and seven or eight of the neighboring islands, with very few exceptions, voluntarily renounced idolatry and embraced Christianity. They have in consequence relin- quished their former cruel and degrading super- stitions, and now assemble in congregations of 400 or 500, and occasionally 700 or 800 persons, in general decently attired, for the purpose of Chris- tian worship. About 6.000 in the several island; have learned to read in the Taheitan language, which the missionaries have given them in a writ- ten form. In the schools, reading, writing and arithmetic are taught. The natives also, with singular industry, teach each other. Thus know- ledge is propagated in all directions. Some of the missionaries who are best acquainted with the lan- guage, are employed in the translation of the holy scriptures. The increase of the population of Otaheite, in consequence of these, and other co- operating causes, is already visible. A general reformation of manners has followed the intro- duction of Christianity. The Areoy societies are suppressed, the practice of infanticide no longer exists, and human sacrifices are abolished. Many other degrading practices and superstitions have been relinquished ; and the despotic authority of the sovereign, who is himself a baptised converl of the missionaries, is superseded by a code of laws. The useful arts have been introduced. The dwellings of the chiefs and people have been im- proved, villages have been formed, and families' induced to live separately, in distinct houses, instead of being huddled together in one. Land also has been inclosed, and the cultivation of sugar com- menced on a small scale. Olakootai, or Wenooaette, isl. in the Pacific ocean, 3 miles in circumference, discovered bv captain Cook in 1777. Lon. 201 37' E. Lat. 1 9' 51' S. Olchukor. See Ocsakov. Otego, p-t. Otsego co N. Y. 20 m. S. W. Coop- erstown, 86 W. Albany. Pop. 1,416. Otego Creek, r. Otsego co. N. Y. which runs in- to the Susquehannah, in the town of Otego, after a course of 28 miles. Otis, p-t. Berkshire co. Mass. 20m. S.E. Lenox, 116 W. Boston. Pop. 981. It formerly constituted two towns, Bethlehem and Loudon. Otisco, t. ()uo!jil;iu-;ird, t. Tuscarawas co. Ohio. Pop. 193. Oxford, t. Guernsey co. Ohio, 4 m. E. Cam- bridge. Pop. 915. <> ' ford, t. Coshocton co. Ohio. Pop. 456. Oxford, p-t. Delaware co. Ohio. Pop. 205. Oxford, t. Huron co. Ohio. Pop. 422. Oxford furnace, p-v. Sussex co. N. J. Oxford, Upper and Lower, two towns, Chester co. Pa. Pop. 769 and 700. Oxney, isl. Eng. in Kent, formed by the divided streams of the river Rother. It is about 7 miles long, and 3 broad. Oxus, or Amu, r. Central Asia, the principal part of whose course is through Independent Tartary. It rises in the high lands between Thibet and Great Bukharia, and falls into the Aral sea, after a course of more than 1,200 miles. Oyambre, Cape, on the N. coast of Spain. Lon, 4 17' W. Lat. 43 25' N. Oyapok, r. Guiana, which enters the Atlantic, near cape Orange. Oybin, v. Saxony, on the confines of Bohemia, in a beautiful valley, 1,234 feet above the sea. Pop. 700. Oyest. See Ujest. Oyolava, one of the larger Navigator's islands, in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 171 25' W. Lat. 14 S. Oyonaz, t. France, in Ain, 7 m. N. Nantua. Pop. 1,200. Oyskavelen, mt. on the coast of Norway, in about lat. 64 15' N. Oyster Bay, p-t. Queen's co. N. Y. on Long Isl- and Sound, 25 m. E. New York. Pop. in 1810, 4,725. Here is an academy. Oyster Bay, South, p-v. Queens co. N. Y. Oyster Harbor, bay, on the S. W. coast of New Holland. It has a bar on which there is only 17 feet water. Lon. 1 18 15' E. Lat. 34 58' S. Oyster Haven, harbor, on the S. coast of Ireland; 3 m. E. Kinsalc harbor. Oyster Island, isl. near the W. coast of Ireland, in Sligo bay, 4 m. W. S. W. Sligo. Oyster Island, isl. in the bay of Bengal, 9 m. S. S. W. the N. point of Arracan river. Oyster pond point, p-v. in Southold, N. Y. Oyster River, r. N. H. which rises in Lee, and flows through Durham into Great bay. Osama, r. Hispaniola, which runs into the sea below the town of St. Domingo. Ozan, t. Hempstead co. Arkansas. Pop. 563. Ozark Mountains, U. States, an elevated and mountainous tract, commencing near the conflu- ence of the rivers Missouri and Mississippi and extending in a S. W. direction across Arkansas territory into the province of Texas. It attains its greatest elevation in the N. E. diminishing in height and increasing in breadth as you ad- vance to the S. W. It is traversed by the Arkan- sas and Red rivers ; its western base is washed by the Illinois and the Osage, and on the east it gives rise to the St. Francis, White river and the Wachita. Ozernaia, fort, A. Russia, in Orenburg, on the Oural. It is regularly fortified, and contains a church, and 200 houses. Ozero. See Osero and Cherso. Ozon,m\. among- the Alps, near Briancon, 13,000 feet above the level of the sea. 568 PAD PAG P. PAAR, r. Bavaria, which flows into the Danube from the S. below Ingolstadt. Paasdorf, v. Lower Austria, 32 m. N. by E. Vi- enna. Pop. 1,000. Pabba, small isl. Scotland, on the W. coast, 2 m. fr. the isle of Sky. Pablo, small lake of Quito, on which is a settle- ment of the same name, 40 m. E. Quito. Pacajes, province, Buenos Ayres, bounded N. by Chucuito, N. E. by Omasuayos, E. by La Paz and Sicasica, S. by Oruro, Paria, and Carangas, W. by the Andes. Pacajes, the capital, is 80 m. 3. W. La Paz Pacasmayu, r. Peru, which falls into the Pacific cean, inlat. 7 24' S. Pacnudiere, La, v. France, in Loire, 14 m. N. W. Roanne. Pop. 1,700. Paccalongang, t. and fort, on the N. coast of Ja- va, 282m. E. Batavia. Pacem, t. Sumatra, the capital of a kingdom of the same name, 120 m. S. E. Acheen. Pachacama, t. Peru, 22 m. S. by E. Lima. Lat. 12 19' S. Pacheca, isl. in the bay extending from Panama to Point Mala. Lat. 8 3' N. Pachete, district, Bengal, on the S. side of Dum- mooda river. Pachete, formerly the capital, is in Ion. 86 50' E. Lat. 23 36' N. Pachitea, r. Peru, is called the Pozuzo at its confluence with the tlayro, and joins the Amazon in 8 46' S. lat. Pacho, t. New Granada, 14 leagues from Santa Fe. Pachot, seigniory, Cornwallis co. Lower Cana- da, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence. Padiuco, t. Mexico, in the intendancy of Mexi- co. Its principal trade is in silver. The ground en which it stands is 8, 141 feet high. 45 m. N. E. Mexico. Pacific, a name given to the sea which lies be- tween Asia and America, by the Spaniards, who first navigated it, and who experiencing in their first voyages calm and gentle weather, persuaded themselves that it was the same all over. Subse- quent experience, however, shewed them the con- trary ; for although the part between the tropics may justify that appellation, no sea is subject, in higher latitudes, to more violent tempests. It is remarkable for the fury of the storms in winter, and for the dreadful agitation of its waters. Packersfield. See Nelson. Pacolet, r. which rises in N. Carolina, and unites with Broad river, at Pinckneysville, in S. Carolina. Pacolet springs are upon it, 17 m. above its mouth. Pacy, t. France, oo the Eure, 11 m. E. Evreux. Pop. l',700. Padah, t. Hind, in Gundvvaneh. Lon. 84 45' E. Lat. 22 N. Padang, a Dutch settlement on the W. coast of Sumatra. It was taken by the English in 1794, but given up in 1814. It is a great market for gold. Lon. 99 55' E. Lat. 48' S. Padang, small isl. near the W. coast of Borneo. Lon. 109 21' E. Lat. 33' S. Paddytoivn, t. Hampshire co. Va. Padenghe, t. Austrian Italy, 13 m. E. by g. Brescia, 26 N. by W. Mantua. Paderborn, t. Prussian states, in the province of Westphalia, now subject to Prussia, 37 m. S. by W. Minden, 58 S. W. Hanover. Pop 5,300. The bishopric of Paderborn, containing 1,000 sq. miles, and 120,000 inhabitants, was secularized in 1802, and now belongs to Prussia. Padiham, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 3 m. W. by N. Burnley. Pop. 2,556. Padoah, t. Hind, in Gundwaneh. Lon. 78 52" E. Lat. 21 53' N. Pador. See Podor. Padstoie, t. Eng. in Cornwall, on the W. side 01 Padstow haven. It is conveniently situated for trade to Bristol, Wales, and Ireland. 26m. S. W. Launceston, 243 W. by S. London. Lon. 4 55' W. Lat. 50 33' N. Pop. 1,498. Padua, a delegation of Austrian Italy, in the government of Venice. Extent, 860 sq. mile?. Pop. about 270,000. Padua, city, Austrian Italy, cap. of the delega- tion of the same name, in a rich arid beautiful country, near the junction of the Brenta and the Bacchiglione. The houses are, in general, lofty and well built, and several of the public edifices are of magnificent architecture. The university of Padua was at one time celebrated throughout Europe, and was resorted to by crowds of stu- dents, even from countries beyond the Alps. It was new modelled in 1814, and now consists ot three faculties, viz. of mathematics and philoso- phy, medicine and law. The number of profes- sors is 32 ; the average number of students not above 300. 18 m. S. E. Vicenza, 20 W. Venice. Lon. 1 1 52' E. Lat. 45 24' N. Pop. 31,000. Padula,t. Naples, in Principato Citra, 14 m. N. Policastro. Pop. 6,000. Paeces, city, Quito, in Popayan, 60 leagues fr. San Juan de los Llanos. Paesana, t. Piedmont, on the Po. Pop. 4,600. Pagahm, an ancient city of the Birman empire, on the E. bank of the Irrawuddy. Lon. 94" 35' E. Lat. 21 9' N. Pagayos, small isl. S. America, at the month of the great river Orinoco. Pages, 3 small rocky islets in the strait between Kangaroo island and the main shore of New Hol- land. Lon. 138 21' E. Lat. 35 46$' S. Paglia, small r. Italy, which fulls into the Ti- ber, above Orvieto. Paliano, or Paliano, t. Italy, in the States of the Church, 28 m. K. by S. Home. Pago, isl. in the Adriatic, in the gulf of Quar- nero, 34 miles long. Pop. 4,000. Pago, the chief town, is 22 m. N. W. Zara. Pagoda Bay, bay, on the E. coast China. Lon.' 109 4' E. Lat. 12 21' N. P A I Pagoua Bay, bay, on the E-. coast of the island *>f Dominica. Lon. 61 19' W. Lat. 15 18' N. Pahang, t. Malacca, on the E. coast, 12m. fr. the sea, on a river, the mouth of which is in Ion. 103 36' E. lat. 3 45' N. Paias. See Pias. Pailaiseau, t. France, in Seine-and-Oise, 7 m. S. E, Versailles. Pop. 1,800. Pailhes, t. France, in Arriege, 8 m. W. Pamiers. Pop. 1,000. % . Pmmtoufi s-p. France, in Loire Inferieure, on the left bank of the Loire, near its influx into the sea. It serves as a sea-port to Nantes, 28 m. W. Nantes. Lon. 2 1' 31" W. Lat. 47 17' 15" N. Pop. 4,300. Paimpol, s-p. France, in Gotes-du-Nord, 25 m. S. W. St. Brieux. Pop. 1,700. Paimponl, t. France, in Ille-and-Vilaine, 25 m. W. Rennes. Pop. 3,700. Painesville, p-t. Geauga co. Ohio, on Lake Erie, at the mouth of Grand river. The village is built on the W. bank of the river, about 3 miles from its mouth. Painesville has a good harbour, and is a flourishing place. A bridge, 400 feet long, is here thrown across the river. Pop. 1,257. Paineville, p-t. Amelia co. Va. Paingion, v. Eng. on the sea-coast of Devon- shire, 6 m. E. Totness. Pop. 1,639. Painswick, t. Eng. in Gloucester, on a brook which runs into the Stroud. 7 m. S. E. Glouces- ter, 101 W. by N. London. Lon. 2 11' W. Lat. 6147'N. Pop. 3,201. Paint, t. Highland co. Ohio. Pop. 1,895. Paint, t. Fayette co. Ohio. Pop. 767. Paint, t. Wayne co. Ohio, 14 m. S. E. Wooster. Pop. 590. Paint, t. Ross co. Ohio, on Paint creek, 15 m. S. W. Chillicothe. Pop. 946. Paint Creek, r. Ohio, which joins the Scioto on the,W. side, 5 in. below Chillicothe. Painted Post, p-t. Steuben co. N. Y. on the Ti- oga, 20 m. S. E. Bath, 234 W. S. W. Albany. Pop. 2,088. Painter's cross-roads, p-v. Delaware co. Pa. Painter's Harbour, on the W. coast of Cape Breton island. Lon. 61 16' W. Lat. 46 22' N. Paintville, p-t. Wayne co. Ohio, 15 m. S. E. Wooster. Paishawur. See Peshawur. Paisley, a large and opulent manufacturing t. Scotland, on the banks of the White Cart, in Ren- frew co. It contains 16 churches, of which 6 be- long to the established church. The chief archi- tectural ornament of the town, is the Abbey church, which has survived the revolutions of many centuries. Paisley is celebrated for its manufactures, particularly for all kinds of fancy goods in silk and cotton, goods which, for elegance and beauty, are altogether unrivalled. It is the chief seat of the fancy muslin manufacture. About 5,000 looms are employed in it. Cotton spinning and the weaving of coarse cottons for printing, and of cotton sheeting, are also extensively car- ried on. In 1805, the various manufactures em- ployed 29,030 persons, and the value produced was about 1 V 500,000/. For the trade of Paisley, considerable facilities are afforded by the river navigation, and by the Ardrossan canal. The navigation of the White Cart has been improved it vessels of from 40 to 50 tons can now easily rome up and unload at the quays. Pop. in 1782, 17,700; in 1792, 24,592; in 1801,31,179; 1811, 36,722 ; and in 1820, about 46,000. 7 m. S by W. 72 PAL 569 Glasgow, 17 S. E. Greenock, and 3 S. of the Clyde. Lon. 4 22' W. Lat. 55 58' N. Paita, city, Peru, on the coast of the Pacific ocean, with a good and well frequented port. 494 m. N. W. Lima, 192 S. W. Guayaquil. Lon. 80* 50' W. Lat. 5 5' S. Paitan, district on the N. E. coast of Borneo, containing a bay and river of the same name. Pajaro, or Paxaros, islands on the coast of Chili, 29 m. N. N. W. of the bay of Coquimbo. Paka, New, t. Bohemia, 9 m. E. N. E. Gitschin. Pop. 1,700. Pakejield, v. Eng. in Suffolk, on the shore of the German ocean, 2 m. S. S. W. Lowestoff. Pop. 328. Pakenham, Point, low point "of an inlet in Prince William sound, on the N. W. coast of America. Lon. 219 29' E. Lat. 60 59* N. Pakir, s-p. on the coast of Hadramaut, in Ara- bia, 132 m. S. W. Hassec, 25 E. Dofar. Pakratz, t. Austrian states, in Sclavonia, 23 m. W. N. W. Posega. It is the see of the Greek bishop of Sclavonia. Pop. 1,500. Paks, t. Hungary, near the Damibe, 62m. S. Buda. Lon. 18 52' 45" E. Lat. 46 37'36' / N. Palachy, t. India, in Coimbetoor. Lon. 77 8' E. Lat. 1147'N. Palacios, Los, t. Spain, 13 m. S. by E. Seville. P alee- schory, v. Greece, in the Morea, occupy- ing the site of the ancient Sparta. Palafugel, t. and promontory, Spain, in Cata- lonia, near Palamos, and 28 m. E. S. E. Gerona. Palagonia, t. Sicily, in the Val di Noto, 30 m, N. W. Syracuse. Palaio Phanaro, v. Greece, i the Morea, 7 m. S. E. Phloka. Palamcotta, t. India, in the Carnatic. Lon. 79 42 'E. Lat. 1146'N. Palamcotta, t. India, in Tinnevelly. Lon. 77 50' E. Lat. 8 42' N. Palamos, t. Spain, in Catalonia, on a bay of the Mediterranean, 27 in. F- S. E. Gerona. Palamow, district, Bengal. Palamow, the cap- ital, is on the E. side of Coyle river. Lon. 78 10' E. Lat. 23 52' N. Palanda, province, Quito, with a town of (he same name, on the river Palanda. Lat. 4 48' S. Palank, v. Hungary, 25 m. N. E. Gran. Pvlaputly, t. India, in Dindigul. Lon. 78 10' E. Lat. 10 40' N. Polar, r. India, which rises in Mysore, and after a course of 220 miles, falls into the bay of Bengal, near Sadras. Palatinate, Lower, or Palatinate of the Rhine, formerly a province of Germany, on the W. side of the Rhine, between 49* and 50 N. lat. Ex- tent, 1 ,600 square miles. Pop. 305,000. In 1814, the northern part was ceded to Hesse-Darmstadt, and the southern part to Austria, who ceded it the following year to Bavaria, as part of the indemni- ties for the Tyrol and Saltzburg. Palatinate, Upper, formerly a province of Geiv many, bordering on Bohemia, and now forming part of the circles of the Regen and the Upper Maine, in the kingdom of Bavaria. Area, 2,760 square miles. Pop. 290,000. Palatine, p-t. Montgomery co. N. Y. on the N. side of the Mohawk, 51 m. W. N. W. Albany. Pop 3,936. Palatine Bridge, p-v. Montgomery co. N. Y. Palatsha, v. Natolia, in Asia Minor, near the coast of the Mediterranean. It is supposed by 570 PAL Spon to btmthe site of the ancient Miletus. Lou. 27 12' E. Lat. 37 31' N. Palawan Isle, isl. in the Eastern seas, lying north of Borneo. It is about 275 miles long and 32 broad. It is little known to Europeans. Palasolo, t. Piedmont, 12 m. W. N. W. Casale, 27 E. N. E. Turin. Palassolo, t. Sicily, in the Val di Noto,20 m. W. Syracuse. Pop. 6,000. Palaszulo, t. Tuscany, 23 m. N. E. Florence. Palazzuolo, t. Austrian Italy, on the Oglio, 14 m. E. S. E. Bergamo. Pop. 3,100. Palcati JVor, or Balkash, lake of Northern .Tar- tary, 700 m. E. from the Aral. It is about 200 miles long from N. to S. and 1 10 from E. to W. Palcole, t. Bengal, in Chuta Nagpore. Lon. 85 E. Lat.2258'N. Palee. See Paulee. Palee, t. Hind, in Oude. Lon. 79,49' E. Lat. 27 32' N. Palembang, a district of Sumatra, on the N. E. coast, extending along the river Palembang. The articles of commerce supplied by this country are, pepper, rattans, silk, cotton, damor, ivory, sul- phur, salt, wax, rice, tobacco, areca, buffaloes, and gold. The pepper trade at Palembang was formerly exclusively in the hands of the Dutch; but the most considerable article of commerce was the tin of Banca. The power of the monarch is unlimited, He has no revenue except what is derived from his monopolies. The Mahometan re- ligion prevails throughout all the dominions of the sultan. In 1812, the kingdom of Palembang was conquered by a handful of British troops under the orders of colonel Gillespie. The sultan, who had made himself universally odious by his atro- cious cruelties, and particularly obnoxious to the British by his unprovoked massacre of the Euro- peans resident in his capital, was dethroned, and his brother raised to the throne in his stead. Palembang, the capital of the above district, and the emporium of the kiland commerce of Su- matra, is on the left bank, and above the Delta of the river Palembang, about 60 miles from the eea. Lon. 104 54' E. Lat. 2 58' 51" S. Pop between 20 and 30,000. Palrmbang, r. on which the above city is situ- ated, falls into the straits of Banca, in lat. 2 18' S. and Ion. 105 8' E. There is a bar on which the depth is only two fathoms and a quarter at low water. Palemberdy, t. India, in Madura. Lon. 78 23' E. Lat. 9 26' N. Palcncia, district, Spain, comprising the N. E. part of the province of Leon. Area, 1,820 square mile. Pop. 119,000. Paltncin, the chief town of the above province, is on the river Carrion, 65 m. S. E. Leon, 122 N. by W. Madrid. Lon. 4 L 34' W. Lat. 42 10' N. Pop. 8,300. Palcpoli, s-p. Caramania, in A. Turkey, 120 m. S. Konieh. Palermo, a large and beautiful city of Sicily, the capital of the island, situated on the N. coast. It stands on the W. shore of a bay, in an extensive and beautiful plain. The principal streets are spacious and handsome ; the houses have in gen- eral something striking in their architecture. As to fortifications, Palermo on the sea side is not strong, while on the land side it is altogether open. Thr number of religious establishments is sur- prising, thr^re being above 40 monasteries, and 50 convents ; and in the magnificence of its churches, PAL Palermo is second only to Rome. The university has an observatory, along with cabinets of medal* and natural curiosities. The trade of Palermo is not very extensive. Its port is capable of contain- ing 30 sail of the line, and several hundred mer- chantment. It is well fortified, but open to the north-east winds, which are sometimes violent and dangerous. Palermo was the residence of the court of Naples during their exclusion from their capital from 1806 to 1815. At present it it the seat of the viceroy of the Sicilian parliament, and of the chief boards of the island administra- tion. It is likewise the see of an archbishop, who has the title of primate of Sicily. It has suffered repeatedly from earthquakes. 130 m. W. Messi- na, 200 S. by W. of Naples. Lon. of the ob- servatory, 13 20' E. Lat. 38 6' N. Pop. about 130,000. Palermo, p-t. Lincoln co. Maine, 30 m. N. K, Wiscasset, 220 from Boston. Pop. 1,056. Palestine, a country of Asia, within the limits of the Turkish empire, bounded N. by Syria, and lying on both sides of the Jordan, between the desert of Arabia and the Mediterranean on the W, On the return of the children of Israel from Egypt, it was divided by Joshua among the twelve tribes ; Judah, Benjamin, Simeon, Dan, Ephraim, Zebu- Ion, Naphtali, and part of Manasseh, had their portion allotted on the western, commonly called this side of Jordan ; while Reuben, Gad, and the remaining part of Manasseh, were placed on the E. side, commonly called beyond Jordan. The Romans, on obtaining possession of this country, divided the part of it on this side of Jordan into three tetrarchies, Judea proper in the S., Samaria in the middle, and Galilee in the north. The former consisted of the tribes of Judah, Benjamin, Dan, and Simeon. Samaria comprehended the tribes of Ephraim, Issachar and part of Manasseh. Galilee formed the fine inland territory on the lake of Tiberias, the former possession of the tribes of Zebulon, Asser, and Naphtali. The region to the east of Jordan was divided into the smaller districts of Peraea, Decapolis, Gaulonitis, Galaa- ditis, Batansea, and Auranitis. Few countries are distinguished by greater va- riety of surface than Palestine. Some have rep- resented it as barren ; but this character can ap- ply only to some of the mountainous districts around and to the east of Jerusalem. According io the best informed travellers, the greater part of Palestine displays a truly luxuriant fertility, and corresponds entirely to the description of the promised land. Judea proper, comprising the territory between the Dead sea and the Mediter- ranean, is composed of a range of limestone hills, rising as it were by stages from the level of th^ Mediterranean. The plain extending along that sea, though now neglected, appears to be exces- sively rich. As the tract ascends, it becomes rug- ged and rocky, so that the road from Jaffa to Je- rusalem, is very steep and difficult. The sides of the mountains, however, are fitted for the vine, the olive, the sycamore, and are crowned with natural groves of oak and cypress. Between these mountains are interposed vallies, which are cov- ered with plentiful crops of tobacco, wheat, bar- ley, and millet. These mountains are tenanted by the wildest Arabs, who find lurking places in the numerous caves which are cut out of the mountains. On reaching the summit of these sue- cessive ranges, the traveller discovert the country round Jerusalem, which wears a dry, rugged, and PAL sUny aspect. There is reason to believe, howev- er, that ancient industry, under a protecting gov- ernment, had rendered even these tracts highly productive. Traces may still be found of walls by which the earth was formerly supported, of cis- terns where the rain water was collected, and of canals, by which it was distributed through the fields. In proceeding eastward to the shores of the Dead sea, the scene becomes more decidedly barren. Gloomy and naked rocks, stones, sand, and ashes, are the only objects which there pre- sent themselves. Samaria is mountainous, but flourishing, well cultivated, and carries on a considerable trade. Corn, silk, and olives, are produced abundantly in its plains. To the north of Samaria, is Galilee, celebrated in scripture history, as the scene of our Saviour's first preaching and miracles. Perhaps there are few spots on the world more distinguished by nat- ural beauty and fertility. The plain of Esdraelon, two days journey in length, and twenty miles in breadth, is described by Dr Clarke as one vast meadow, covered with the richest pasture. The lake of Tiberias, or Gennesareth, is surrounded by lofty and picturesque hills, the sides of which were once highly cultivated, and its banks cover- ed with flourishing towns, now almost deserted. The regions beyond Jordan include many tracts nce fertile and flourishing. Few countries are more unfortunately situated as to political relations, than modern Palestine. It suffers equally from the tyranny and weakness of the Turkish government, and from the hordes of Arabs who fill every part of the surrounding deserts. The Turks occupy all the civil and mili- tary posts, and the Greeks form a very numerous part of the population ; but the country districts are filled to a great extent with Nomadic Arabs. A considerable number of Christian monks still reside in the Holy Land ; and there is no consid- erable town which does not contain at least one convent. Their cheats, however, are often so pal- pable, that travellers, unable to discriminate, have considered the whole mass of topographical evidence concerning the Holy Land, as one tissue of imposture. In 1819, the American Board of Foreign Mis- sions established the Palestine mission, the seat of which is ultimately to be fixed in this coun- try. They have now four missionaries in their employ, one of whom is stationed at Malta and one at Smyrna ; the other two have just em- barked from the U. States. The extensive trade of the Levant furnishes opportunities of personal intercourse with men of influence from various countries, and also affords facilities for the circu- lation of the Bible and religious tracts, of which the missionaries have already availed themselves. The Board have a printing press at Malta in con- nexion with this mission. 'me, p-t. and cap. Lawrence co. Indiana, on iho north bank of the east fork of White river. '/ma, t. States of the Church, the see of ' 20 m. E. Rome. Pop. 3,000. It occu- pies the site of the ancic-nt Praeneste. PaJatrma, t. Austrian Italy, on a long and nar- row island of the Lagunes, 6 m. S. Venice. Pop. Pniet. t. France, in Loiro Inferieure, 12 m. S. =. Pop. 1,400. Palette, Cape, cape on the S. coast of Celebes, in Bony bay. Lnn. 120 48' E. Lat. 3 20' S. PAL 571 Palgunge, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 86 15' E. Lat. 24 5' N. Palhaunpore, t. Hind, in Gu jerat. Lon. 72 35' E. Latr24 44' N. Paliacode, or Pallicode, t. India, 1 1 ML. W. Da- rampouri. Paliacur, t. Ceylon, on the W. coast. Lon. 80 14' E. Lat. 9 33' N. Palicaud, or Palighautchery, t. India, in Mala- bar, situated in the middle of the Teak forests, on Paniany river. In 1792, it was ceded to the Brit- ish. Lon. 76 50' E. Lat. 10 50' N. Palinguir, one of the Philippine islands, about 15 miles in circumference, N. of Cape Engano en the island of Lucon. Palinuro, Cape, promontory on the coast of Na- ples, near the entrance of the gulf of Policastro. Lon. 15 10' E. Lat. 40 2' N. Paliseul, t. Netherlands, in the grand dutchy of Luxemburg, 20 m. S. E. Charlemont. Pop. 800. Palisse, t. France, in Allier,28 m. S. E. Moulins. Pop. 3,000. Paliuri, Cape, cape on the coast of Eu. Turkey, in the gulf of Saloniea. Lon. 23 46' E. Lat. 39 50' N. Palkah, t. Hind, in Lahore. Lon. 75 13' E. Lat. 32 58' N. PalK's Straits, arm of the sea^ which separates Ceylon from the coast of Coromandel. Palla, small isl. in the Eastern seas, about six miles in circumference, S. of Sangir. Lon. 125 30' E. Lat. 3 5' N. Pallansa, t. Sardinian States, on a point of land projecting into the Lago Maggiore, 32 m. N. No- vara. Pop. 1,300. Pallavicino. See Busselo. Palli, t. Diarbekir, in A. Turkey, 85 m, N. E. Diarbekir. PaHinges, t. France, in Saone-and-Loire, T m. N. N. W. Charolles. Pop. 1,100. Palliser, Cape, cape on the E. coast of New Britain. Lon. 151 25' E. Lat. 4 22' S. Palliser, Cape, New Zealand, the N. E. point of Cook's strait. Lon. 183 58' W. Lat. 41 34' S. Palliser's Islands, cluster of islands in the Pacif- ic ocean. Lon. 146 30' W. Lat. 15 38' S. Palluau, t. France, in Indre, on the river Indre, 20 m. N. W. Chateauroux. Pop. 1,300. Palm Islands, chain of islands near the N. E. coast of New Holland, extending about 30 miles. Lon. 213 25' W. Lat. 18 53' S. Palma, isl. off the coast of Africa, forming part of the group of the Canaries, 25 miles long, and 15 broad. The coasts are very fertile, and produce wine for exportation, sugar, silk, almonds, honey, and wax. Pop. according to Humboldt, 22,600. Palma, the capital of the island of Majorca, in the Mediterranean, at the bottom of a large bay. The chief employments of the inhabitants are weaving woollens and silk, along with some trade and navigation. The harbour, though not exten- sive, is secure : it has a mole of nearly three quar- ters of a mile in length, defended by two strong forts. Palma was long the capital of Majorca when a kingdom, and is still the residence of the chief magistrates of the Balearic and Pithyusae isl- ands. 345 m. E. by S. Madrid, 133 S. by W. Bar- celona. Lon. 1 39' W. Lat. 42 49' 67" N. Pop. about 30,000. Palma, t. Sicily, on the sea coast. It is noted for the sulphur made in its vicinity, of which, since 1806, cargoes are aruiually shipped to England. 12 m. S. S. E. Girgenti. Pop. 6,000. 572 PAL Palma, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 38 m. W. S. VV. Cordova. Pop. 4,200. Palina, t. Austrian States, in Friuli, near Aqui- leia. Pop. 2,000. Palma, L Portuguese Estremadura, 28 m. E. Setubal. Palma, .Vuestra Senora de la, city, New Grana- da, on the E. shore of the river Magdalena, 54 m. N. W. Santa Fe, 68 W. by S. Tunja. Lon. 74 50' 30" W. Lat. 5 8' N. It is the name of several other inconsiderable settlements in S. America. Palma, Cape, promontory on the E. coast of It- aly. Lon. 13 50' E. Lat. 43 3' N. Palma di Solo, s-p. Sardinia, 15 m. S. E. Villa de Iglesias. Lon. 6 24' E. Lat. 39 20' N. Pahnajolo, isl. belonging to Tuscany, between the island of Elba and the mainland, 5 m. S. by W. Piombino. Lon. 935'E. Lat. 42 33' N. Palmanova, or Palma Attorn, t. and fort, Aus- trian Italy, 10 m. S. by E. Udina, 53 E. N. E. Ve- nice. Pop. 4,500. Palmar, r. Quito, in Guyaquil, which enters the Babahoyo, in lat. J 45' S. Palmar, r. Benin, in Africa, which falls into the Atlantic, in Ion. 3 E. lat. 6 25' N. Palmar, Point, cape, on the W. coast of Africa. Lat. 5 30' S. Palmaria, small isl. Italy, in the gulf of Genoa. Lon. 9 40' E. Lat. 44 4' N. Palmarola, isl. on the W. coast of Italy, opposite Terracina. Lon. 1255'E. Lat. 41 3' N. Pa/mas, isl. in the Pacific ocean, 26 leagues fr. Cape Corrientes. Palmrts, Salazar de los, city, New Granada, 50 m. N. N. W. Pamplona. Palmas, Cividad de las, cap. of the island of Grand Canary. Pop. 9,437. Palmas, t. and cap. of the island of Gomera. Palmas, Cape, Africa, the N. cape at the en- trance into the gulf of Guinea. Here is a road af- fording good shelter against southerly winds. Palme Elang de, bay, on the S. coast of France, in Eure. Lon. 3 6' E. Lat. 42 57' N. Palmela, t. Portuguese Estremadura, 6 m. N. Setubal. Pop. 3,600. Palmer,p-t. Hampden co. Mass. 14 m. E. Spring- field, 7 1 W. S. W. Boston. Pop. 1,197. Palmer, Point, point on the S. shore of Melville island which divides Skene bay from Bridport in- let. Lon. 108 4' W. Lat. 74 55' N. Palwera, Cape, promontory of the island of Formentera, in the Mediterranean. Lon. 1 30' E. Lat. 38 42' N. Palmerin, v. Baol, in W. Africa. Lon. 16 21' W. Lat. 13 50' N. Palmero Cape, promontory on the E. coast of Sardinia. Lon. 9 56' E. Lat. 39 40' N. Palmerston, Cape, cape on the N. E. coast of New Holland. Lon. 210 54' W. Lat. 21 30' S. Palmerston Island, isl. in the Pacific ocean, or rather a group of small islets, eight or nine in number, connected together by a reef of coral rocks. Lon. 163 10' W. Lat. 18 4' S. Palnurtovm, p-t. Saratoga co. N. Y. Palmetto creek, r. Georgia, which runs into the Oconee, about 12m. below Dublin. Palmetto, Point, cape, on the N. coast of Ja- maica. Lon. 76 20' W. Lat. 18 18 N. Palmetto, Point, cape, on the S. coast of Jamai- ca. Lon. 77 57' W. Lat. 18 7' N. Palmiras, a celebrated point of land at the head of the bay of Bengal, which all vessels bound to Calcutta endeavour to make. The East India PAL company have lately erected a light-house hero, Lon. 87 5' E. Lat 20 44' N. Palmiste, Point, cape, on the N. side of St. Do- mingo, 3 leagues S. Point Portugal, 5 E. Port de Paix. Palmyra, the ruins of a great city in the heart of the desert of Syria. It appears to have been founded by Solomon, under the appellation of Tad- mor, and from its situation was called Tadmorin the Wilderness. It is related, however, to have been afterwards destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar ; and the present remains being evidently of Gre- cian origin, cannot be supposed to be those of the city of Solomon. In what manner, and at what period, the city rose to that distinguished wealth and splendour which its ruins attest, has been no where distinctly recorded ; and as to the steps or the period at which it sunk into its present state of total desolation, history is silent. Of all the re- mains which exhibit the art of Greece and the opulence of Asia united, none equal the extent and magnificence of those of Palmyra. The prin- cipal and most entire ruin is that of the Temple of the Sun. This once splendid city is now in- habited by about thirty Arab families, who have built their huts in the court of the great temple. 130 m. N. E. Damascus. Lon. 38 48' E. Lat. 34 29' N. Palmyra, p-t. Somerset co. Maine, 28 m. E. Nor- ridgewock, 215 N. N. E. Boston. Pop. 336. Palmyra, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y. on the Erie ca- nal, 12 m. N. E. Canandaigua, 233 W. Albany. The village is a place of considerable business. Pop. 3,724. Palmyra, p-t. Lebanon co. Pa. Palmyra, t. Pike co. Pa. Pop. 246. Palmyra, t. Wayne co. Pa. Pop. 215. Palmyra, p-v. Martin co. N. C. Palmyra, t. Mississippi, at Palmyra Bend, about 25 m. below Walnut hills. Palmyra, p-t. Montgomery co. Ten. on the Cumberland, 40 m. below Nashville. Palmyra, p-t. Portage co. Ohio, 10 m. E. Ra- venna. Pop. 591. Palmyra, p-t. and cap. Edwards co. Illinois, on the W abash, 20 m. below Vincennes. Palnaud, district, India, in the Carnatic, be- tween 16 and 17" N. lat. on the S. side of the river Kistnah. It was ceded to the British in 1801. The chief towns are Macheria, Timerycotta, and Currumconda. Pa/o, t. Diarbekir, in A. Turkey, on the Eu- phrates, 60m. N. Diarbekir. Pop 8,000. Palo, Cape, Albania, in the Adriatic. Lon. 19* 10' E. Lat. 41 44' N. Palomas, Isla de los, isl. in the gulf of Venezue- la, N. of the city of Maracaibo. Lat. 10 56' N. Palombara, t. Italy, in the States of the Church, 9 m. N. W. Tivoli. Palonque, cape, on the S. side of St. Domingo. Lon. 70" 37' W. Lat. 18 l^N. Pa/05, t. on the W. coast of Celebes. Lon. 119* 39' E. Lat. 0"56'S. Palos, Cape, promontory, Spain, on the coast of Murcia. Lon. 41' W. Lat. 37 37' 15'' N. Pa/o* de Moguer, L Spain, in Seville, near the mouth of the Tinto. It is the port from which Columbus sailed in 1492, on the voyage in which he discovered America. 4 m. S. Mo-uer. Lon. 6* 58' W. Lt. 37" 10' N. Pop. 500. Palota, t. Hungary, 8 m. W. S. W. Stuhl Weis- semburg. Pop. 4,000. P A M Palotsa, or Palosca, t. Hungary, 19 m. E. N. E. .Kusmark. Pa/oaft, district, Hind, subject to the rajah of Nepaul. Palpah, the capital, is on the banks of the* river Gunduck. Lon. 82 55' E. Lat. 28 ll/ N. Pa/ii, Miss, 2 small islands near the N. coast of New Guinea. Lon. 132 29' 30" E. Lat. 19' 57 ' S. Paiud, t. France, in Vaucluse, 14 m. N. W. Or- an^e, 30 N. by W. Avignon. Pop. 1,600. Palude, t. Erzerum, in Turkish Armenia. Lon. 39 14 E. Lat. 38'35'N. Pamada, t. Birman empire, on the banks of the Irawuddy river, 24 m. N. Prome. Pamalang, t. on the N. coast of Java. Lon. 108 28' E. Lat. 6 45' N. Pamanookan, t. Java, 80 m. E. Batavia. The ope of this name is in Ion. 107 54' E. lat. 6 \% N. Pambamarca, mountain of Quito, covered with perpetual snow, 20 m. N. Quito. Pamboon, t. Celebes, on the N. W. coast, about 100 miles from Macassar. Pamdia, p-t. Jefferson co. N. Y. on Black river, taken in 1819 from Brownville. Pamiers, t. France, on the river Arriege, 12 m. W. Mirepoix, 14 N. Tarascon. Lon. 1 35' 36" E. Lat. 53 6' 44 ' N. It is the see of a bishop. Pop. 2,200. Pamisos, modern name Pirnazza, r. Greece, in the Morea, flowing from Mount Ithome to the sea. Pamlico. See Tar River. Pamlico Sound, large bay on the coast of N. Carolina, 86 miles long, and from 10 to 20 broad. It is separated from the Atlantic ocean by a beach of sand, hardly a mile wide, generally covered with small trees or bushes. Through this bank are several small inlets, by which boats may pass ; but Ocracoke is the only one that will admit ves- sels of burden. This sound communicates with Core and Albermarle sounds, and receives Tar riv- er, and the river Neuse, besides other small streams. Pampas, extensive plains of S. America, in Bue- nos Ayres, and which extends S. into Patagonia. They cover many thousand square miles, and abound with a tall and luxuriant herbage, which affords subsistence to innumerable herds of cattle and horses. The west winds meeting with no in- terruption, sweep over those pampas with une- qualled fury. These winds are often dangerous to vessels navigating the river Plata, and are called pampero*. Pampas del Sacramento, vast plains of S. Ameri- ca, to the E. of the Andes. They stretch out to the extent of nearly 8,000 square leagues, between the Ucayale and the limits of the Portuguese ter- ritories, and are bounded on the N. by the river Amazon. Pampelonne, t. France, in Tarn, 12 m. N. Alby. l'"p. 1,800. /'umpeluna, or Pamplona, t. Spain, and cap. of Navarre, is situated on the Arga. It stands partly on an eminence, partly on a plain, and is surroun- ded by mountains, at the distance of six or eight miles. The town is fortified, but derives its chief defence from two castles, one in the inside, the other on the outside of the walls. The latter is the citadel, and is of great strength, being situated on a roek, of which the only accessible part is cov- ered by a morass. It has long been accounted one of the principal strong holds, not only of Navarre, FAN 573 but of the north of Spain. 62 m. E. S. E. Bilboa, 200 N. E. Madrid. Lon. 1 40' 53" W. Lat. 42 49' 57'' N. Pop. 14,000. Pamper, t. Hind, in Cashmere, on the N. bank of the Jhylum. Lon. 73 13' E. Lat. 34 19' N. Pamplona, city, New Granada, 185 m. N. E. Santa Fe, 156 W. S. W. Truxillo. Lon. 72 21' W. Lat. 7 1' N. Pampus, channel of the Zuyder Zee, leading to the harbour of Amsterdam, and the only passage by which ships can reach that port. Pamunky, r. Virginia, formed by the North and South Anna. It unites with the Mattapony at Del- aware to form York river. Panagur, t. Hind, in Malwuh. Lon. 88 15' E. Lat. 25 20' N. Panama, a province in New Granada, bounded N. by the Spanish Main, E. by the province of Da- rien, S. by the Pacific ocean, and W.by Veragua. In 1821 it declared itself independent of Spain, and attached itself to the republic of Colombia. Panama, (pronounced Pan-a-mor) city and seaport, S. America, on the isthmus of Darien, at the bottom of a large bay of the Pacific ocean, and cap. of a province. When the trade of Spanish America with the mother country was carried on by means of galleons, Panama was a commercial depot, both for the goods of America and Europe. It is still remarkable for its fine bay, which is studded with islands. In this bay was formerly established a famous fishery for pearls. Lon. 79' J 19' W. Lat. 9 0' 30'' N. Pop. 10,000. Panamao, one of the Philippine islands, about 15 miles in circumference. Lon. 124 15' E. Lat, 1127'N. Panaon, or Panahan, one of the Philippine isl- ands, about 45 miles in circumference. Lon. 125" 12' E. Lat. 10 7' N. Panapa Island, isl. at the mouth of the Orinoco, Between this island and the N. coast, is the prin- cipal channel of the river. Panar, r. India, which falls into the sea at Fort St. David. Panaraga, or Panarogo, t. Java, 60 m. E. Ma- taran. Panaria, isl. Sicily, in the Lipari group, situated between Lipari and Stromboli, 28 m. nearly N. of Melazzo. It is only 8 miles in circuit. Lon. 15* 21' E. Lat. 38 40' N. Panaro, r. Italy, in the dutchy of Modena, which falls into an arm of the Po. Panaroocan, t. Java, 20 m. W. Cape Sandana, Here is a Dutch fort. Panay. See Pany. Pancalleri, t. Piedmont on the Po, 16 m. S. Tu- rin. Pop. 2,500. Pancawir, t. Hind, in Malwah. Lon. 76 6' E. Lat. 24 14'N. Panchberarah, t. Hind, in Cashmere. Lon. 75* E. Lat. 34 S2 7 N. Panches, a province of New Granada, 15 leagues long from E. to W. and 12 wide from N. to S. The capital is Tocaima. Panco, Point, the N. E. extremity of the island of Java, at the mouth of the western entrance of the straits of Madura. Lon. 1 12 44' E. Lat. 6* 48' S. Pancsova, t. Hungary, at the confluence of the Temes and the Danube, S m. N. E. Belgrade. Lon. 28 37' 45'' E. Lat. 44 49' 40" N. Pop. 7,000. Pandang, t. on the W. coast of the island of Celebes. Lon. 120 E. Lat. 3 33' S. 574 PAN Pandar, t. Hind, in Lahore. Lon. 75 16' E. Lat. 33 IT N. Pandittripo, t. Ceylon, 9 m. N. W. Jaffnapa- tam. It is a station of the American Board of For- eign Missions. Pando, r. Buenos Ayres, which enters the Plata at its mouth. It is also the name of a parish of Buenos Ayres, 20 m. N. E. Monte Video. Lon. 55 49' W. Lat. 34 41' S. Pandour, or Pandur, v. Hungary, 26 m. S. Co- locsa. Panetta, or Pennala, t. Hind, in Dowletabad, 15 m. N. E. Damaun. Panerazio di Barbarona, t. Austrian Italy, 12 m. S. Vicenza. Panermo, s-p. in the small island of Skopelos, in the Grecian archipelago. Pangatarran, isl. in the Eastern seas, one of the Sooloo archipelago, about ten miles long, by four broad. It is an entire bed of coral rock, and of a very thin soil. Lon. 120 30' E. Lat. 6 9' N. Pangesana, Pangesani, or Pangansane, isl. in the Eastern seas, S. of Celebes, and separated from the island of Bouton by a narrrow strait. It is about 50 miles long, and 16 broad. Lon. 122 50' E. Lat. 5 5' S. Panguei, small isl. in the Eastern seas, near the coast of Queda. Lon. 100 5' E. Lat. 5 50' N. Panha, t. Hind, in Serinagur. Lon. 79 10' E. Lat. 30" 18' N. Paniany^ s-p. India, in Malabar, on Palicaud river. The exports are teak timber, pepper, rice, iron, and cocoa nuts. Lon. 76 E. Lat. 10 44' N. Panicocolo, t. Naples, in Terra di Lavoro, 22 -m. N. W. Naples. Pop. 2,200. Paniput, t. Hind, in Delhi, celebrated for a great battle in 1761, between the Mahometan combined armies and the Mahrattas, in which the latter were defeated. Lon. 76 50' E. Lat. 29 23' N. Pannissiere, t. France, in Loire, 21m. W. by N. Lyons. Pop. 3,200. Panjang, small isl. near the E. coast of Borneo. Lon. 1 17 59' E. Lat. 2 15' N. Panjang, isl. near the W. coast of Siam, about 40 miles in circumference. Lon. 98 42' E. Lat. 8N. Panjang, small isl. near the N. coast of New Guinea. Lon. 135 25' E. Lat. 3 18' S. Panlangy t. Birman empire, in Pegu, on the Rangoon branch of the Irrawuddy river, 16 m. N. W. Rangoon. Pannah, t. Hind, in Allahabad, near some of the celebrated diamond mines. Lon. 80 17' E. Lat. 2443'N. Pannanach, or Pannanich, v. Scotland, in Ab- erdeenshire, noted for its mineral waters. Pannula, t. and fort, Hind, in Bejapore. Lon. 7457'E. Lat. 16 50' N. Pannela, New, t. Hind, in Bejapore. Lon. 74 20' E. Lat. 17 N. Panormo, t. Natolia, in A. Turkey, on the S. coast of the sea of Marmora, 16 m. S. E. Artaki. Pansang, or Pulo Pansang, small isl. in the gulf of Siam. Lon. 103 30' E. Lat. 9 15' N. Panse, r. Indiana, which flows into the N. side of the W abash, a little above the junction of the Tippecanoe. Pant, r. Eng. in Essex, which falls into the Blackwater, below Little Braxted. Panlelaria, the ancient Cosyra, isl. in the Med- iterranean belonging to Sicily. 60 m. from Mar- sala (in Sicily), and about the same distance from PAP Cape Bon, near Tunis. Lon. 8* 26 E. Lat. 36* 45' N. Pop. 6,000. Panter, isl. in the Eastern seas, 30 miles long by 12 broad. Lon. 124 30' E. Lat. 8 10' S. Panther's creek, p-v. Surry co. N. C. Pantin, v. France, 3 m. E. N. E. Paris. Pop. 1,200. Paulina, Cape, cape on the N. coast of Minorca. Lon. 4 7 'E. Lat. 40 4' N. Panton, t. Addison co. Vt. on Lake Champlain, 25 m. S. Burlington. Pop. 546. Panuco, t. Mexico, 143 m. N. Mexico. Lon. 98" 52' W. Lat. 22 48' N. Panwell, t. Hind, in Aurungabad, 27 m. E. Bombay, on the Pan, about 7 m. from its mouth. It now belongs to the British, and is in Ion. 73 13' E. lat. 19 N. Pany Isle, one of the Philippine isles, 110 miles long, by 38 broad. The principal establishments of the Spaniards on this island, are at llo-ilo and Antigua. Lon. 122 33' E. Lat 11 15' N. Panza, t. on the S. coast of the island of Ischia, in the bay of Naples. Pao, San Juan Baptisto del, city of the Carae- cas, in Venezuela, situated on the river Pao, which falls into the Apure. 150m. S. W. Caraccas. Lat. 9 20' N. Pop. 5,400. Pao, Conception del, t. Caraccas, in Barcelona, 84 m. 8. E. Carraccas, 165 from Cumana, Pao, Conception del See Quillota. Pao, r. S. America, in Cumana, which falls int& the Oronico from the N. in lat. 8 5'N. 48 m. W". St. Thomas. Pao de Nao, s-p. W. Africa, near the river Ca- marones, belonging to the Portuguese. Paola, or Paula, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, 55 m. S. by E. Polieastro. Pop. 4,500. Paoli, p-v. Orange co. N. Y. Paoli, p-t. and cap. Orange co. Indiana, 40m.E. Vincennes. Paomn, one of the smaller New Hebrides. Lon. 168 20' VV. Lat. 16 30' S. Pao-ting, city of China, 77 m. S. S. W. Pekin. Lon. 115 14' E. Lat. 38 54' N. Papa, t. Hungary, 25 m. S. by W. Raab. Pop. 4,000. Papagayo, r. Mexico, which runs into the Pa- cific ocean, 25 m. N. Acapulco. Lon. 101 46' W. Lat. 11 10' N. Papagayo, gulf on the W. side of the isthmus of Nicaragua. Lon. 87 36' W. Lat. 11 10' N. Papanlla, t. and cap. of a district of Mexico, 105 m. N. E. Mexico. Lon. 97 36' W. Lat. 20 27' N. Papas, lake, S. America, 40 m. S. Popayan. It is the source of the great river Magdalena. Papa-Stour, one of the Shetland islands, a mile W. of the mainland, 2 miles long, and 1 broad. Pop. 280. Papa-Stronsay, isl. of Orkney, on the N.E.side of Stronsay. Papa-Weslray, isl. of Orkney, 3m. N.Westray, 25 from Kirkwall. It is about 4 miles long, and 1 broad. Papcndrecht, V.Netherlands, in South Holland, 10 m. E. S. E. Rotterdam. Pop. 1,000. Paper mill, p-v. Chester co. Pa. Papervillc, p-v. Sullivan co. Tennessee. Papillon, or Butterfly, small r. Missouri tor. which runs into the W. side of the Missouri, 3 m. above the mouth of the Platte. Pappal, district on the If. E. coast of Borneo, Lat. 4 30' N. PAR Pappdau, v. Wirtemberg, B m. W. S. W. Pappenburg, t. Hanover, 20 m. S. S. E. Embden. Lon. r 25' E Lat. 53 4' N. Pop. 3,300. Pappenheim, t. Bavaria, on the Altmuhl, 15 m. N. E. Donawert. Pop. 2,000. Pavua. See New Guinea. Papudo, port of Chili. Lat. 32 36' S. Para Gran, province of Brazil, bounded N. by the great river Amazon, E. by Maranham, S. by Goias and Matta Grosso. The chief productions are su^ar, coffee, and cocoa. Para, Gran, the capital of the above province, is on the Tocantins, 60 m. from its mouth. Lon. 48 33' W. Lat. 1 30' S. Pop. 10,000. Para, r. of the above province, which is, prop- erly speaking, one of the mouths of the Amazon. It runs about 200 miles in a N. E. direction, sepa- rating the island of Joannes from the continent. Paracassrt, r. Quito, which enters the Amazon in lat. 4 42' S. Paracatu, v. Brazil, 270 m. N. W. Tejuco. Gold is found in considerable quantities in its vi- cinity. Paraganda, t. Bengal, inCooch Behar,33 m. N. E. Rungpore. Parade, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne, 6 m. E. Tonne ins. Pop. 1,500. Paradise, p-t. York co. Pa. Pop. 1,837. Paragoana, peninsula df Venezuela, which is united to the continent by a very narrow isthmus, on which stands the city of Coro. The isthmus is about a league in width, from which the peninsula stretches from S. E. to N. W. 20 leagues. Paragoana, cape on the coast of Venezuela, 13 leagu.es from the city of Coro. Lat. 11 52' N. Paragong, t. Hind, in Bootan, famous for its manufacture of swords, daggers, arrows, and molten images of Boodh. Lon. 89 21' E. Lat. 27 43'N. Paraguay, a province within the limits of the old Viceroyalty of Buenos Ayres, lying between the great rivers Paraguay and Parana, and bound- ed N. by Brazil. Extent, 43.000 sq. miles. Pop. 1 10,000. The forests abound with fine timber, mahogany, and several other kinds of beautiful wood, suited to cabinet work. The sugar cane grows well, and all European fruit trees flourish and produce abundantly. But the most peculiar production is the herb culled matte, which is used as a substitute for tea all over S. America, and forms one of the principal articles of export from this province. The present inhabitants of Para- guay are said to be a mixture of the European Spaniards, and natives, with perhaps more than half Indian. They are remarkably peaceful and silent, strongly attached to their country, and averse to strangers. It is rare to meet with a na- tive of Paraguay who cannot read and write, and who does not understand the rudiments of arith- metic. Paraguay, r. S. America, which rises in Brazil, in lat. 12 S. runs south into Buenos Ayres, passes by the city of Assumption, and after receiving the Pilcomayo andVermejo from the west, falls into the Parana 750 miles from its mouth. It is navi- gable for large vessels as far as Assumption. Its length from its source to its junction with the Par- ana is about 1,000 miles. Paraguay. See Palaican. Paraiba, province, Brazil, with a mild climate and fertile soil, abounding with Brazil wood and fugsr. Paraiba, the capital, in on the S. bank of PAR 575 the river Paraiba, about 10 miles from the sea. Lon. 35 10' W. Lat. 6 57' N. Pop. 4,000. Paraiba, r. Brazil, in Rio Janeiro, which pur- sues a N. E. course of 150 miles, and enters the Atlantic, in lat. 21 34' 30" S. Paramaiba, r. Brazil, which runs into the At- lantic, in Ion. 43 46' W. lat. 2 32 S. Paramaribo, t. Guiana, and cap. of Surinam, is on Surinam river, about 18 miles from its mouth. All the streets, which are perfectly straight, are lined with orange, tamarind, and lemon trees, which appear in everlasting bloom. The exports are coffee, sugar, cocoa, cotton, and indigo : the imports flour, beef, pork, herrings, salted macka- rel, spermaceti candles, horses, lumber, and Euro- pean manufactures. It is a lively place, being crowded with planters, sailors, soldiers, Jews, In- dians, and negroes, while the river is constantly covered with barges. Pop. about 20,000. In January 1821, a great fire destroyed about one third of the town. Paramatta, t. New Holland, on the E. coast, at the head of Fort Jackson harbor. The principal public buildings are a church, female orphan- house, hospital and manufactory of coarse cloth?, in which the female convicts are employed. Here is a school for the education and civiliza- tion of the aborigines of the country. In Feb. 1820, there were 25 New Zealanders receiving instruction. 15 m. W. Sidney. Pop. in 1818, 1,200. Paramithia, t. Eu. Turkey, in Albania, 19 m. S. W. Joannina. Parana, r. S. America, which rises in the east- ern part of Brazil, in the province of Minas Ge- raes, and running S.W. about 1,200 miles,receives the Paraguay from the N. after which it pursues a southerly course for several hundred miles and joins the Uraguay to form the La Plata. In lat. 24 is the fall or rapid of Itu, formed by a collec- tion of rocks, that rise in separate masses, and leave channels for the passage of the water. Boats pass down without difficulty and are drawn up by ropes. Parana, t. Brazil on the coast of the island of Marajo. Lon. 51 36' W. Lat. 12 S. Parapomisan, a name given to a part of the Himaleh range of mountains which lies W. of the river Indus. Paravadi, or Paravadee, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bul- garia, 115 m. N. N. E. Adrianople. Paray le Monial, t. France, in Saone-and-Loir, 6m. W. Charolles, 16 E. S. E. Bourbon Lancy. Pop. 3,000. Parce, t. France, in Sarthe, on the river Sarthe. Pop. 2,200. Parckim, t. Germany, in Mecklenburg-Schwe- rin, 20 m. S. E. Schwerin. Pop. 3,200. Parchwitz, t. Prussian States, on the Katzbach, 10 m. E. N. E. Leignitz. Pop. 800. Parcipany, p-t. Morris co. N. J. on a branch of the Passaicj 15 N. N. W. Newark. Parcsow, t. Poland, 30 m. N. N. E. Lublin. Pop. 1,300. Pardaillan, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne, 12 m. N. Marmande. Pop. 800. Pardo, Rio, r. Brazil, which enters the Parana in lat. 20" S. Pardubitz, t. Bohemia, on the Elbe, 60 m. E. Prague. Pop. 3,000. Parecckia,or Paros,t. cap. of the island of Paros. in the Grecian archipelago, on the W. coast, of the island. Lon. 25 24' E. Lat. 37 8' N. 576 PAR Paredon del Este, small isl. near the N. coast of Cuba. Lon. 77 50' W. Lat. 22 16' N. Paredon del Medios, small isl. near the N. coast of Cuba. Lon. 78 6' W. Lat. 22 16' N. Parello, t. Piedmont, 4 m. S. S. VV. Ivrea, 20 N. Turin. Parellonesj cluster of small islands in the Span- ish Main, near the coast of Darien. Lon. 79 30' W. Lat. 9 37' N. Parenso, t. Austrian States, on the W. coast of Istria. His a bishop's see. Pop. 2,100. 30m. S. Trieste. Lon. 13 40' E. Lat. 15 18' N. Party, v. Prussian Saxony, on the Elbe. A ca- nal extends from this town to the Havel. Pop. 1,000. 21 m. N. N. E. Magdeburg. Parga, s-p. on the coast of Albania, opposite to the southern point of the island of Corfu. It is o-n a rock washed on three sides by the sea, and backed by a precipitous cliff, having on the sum- mit an almost impregnable citadel. In 1819, it was surrendered to Ali Pacha, the tyrant of Al- bania, when most of the inhabitants removed to the Ionian islands. 30 m. S. W. Joannina. Parham, t. and harbor, on the N. side of the island of Antigua, 5 m. W. St. John's. Parham' s store,p-v. Sussex co.Va. Part, r. Peru, which rises in the province of Tarma and falls into the Amazon. Paria, province of the viceroyalty of Buenos Ayres, bounded N. by Pacajes, N. E. by Oruro, E. and S. E. by Porco, S. W. by Lipes, and W. by Caranjas. Pop. 10,000. Paria, the capital, is 210 m. N. W. La Plata. Lon. 68 20' W. Lat. 18 50' S. Paria, Gulf of \ a gulf of S. America, in the Ca- raccas, which has on the VV. the province of Cu- mana, and on the E. the island of Trinidad. It is 25 leagues from E. to W. and 15 from N.to S.: there is anchorage in all that extent, but its depth varies from 8 to 30 fathoms. In fact, this gulf is a real port, which for excellence and extent vies with the handsomest in the world. Paria, cape, S. America, opposite the island of Trinidad. Lon. 62 1' W. Lat. 9" 12' N. Paria, Lake of. See Chucuito. Parigne L'Ereque, t. France, in Sarthe, 9 m. S. E.LeMans. Pop. 2,800. Parima, lake, Guiana. Lon. 45 20' W. Lat. 3 40' N. Parima, or Branco, r. S. America, which rises in the above lake, and running S. above 400 miles enters the Rio Negro by four mouths. Parina-cochas, province, Peru, bounded N. by Aimaraes, N. W. by Velcas-huaman, E. by Chim- bivilcas, S. by Arequipa, and W. by Lucanas. Pop. 11,300. Paripura, r. Brazil, which runs into the Atlan- tic, in Ion. 35 26' VV. Lat. 9 42' S. Paris, the capital of France, and one of the fin- est cities in the world, is situated on a plain on the banks of the Seine. It is surrounded with a wall, 17 miles in circuit. All the streets are lighted by reflecting lamps, suspended at a great height in the middle of the street. No street in London can compare with the Boulevards of Paris. They oc- cupy the space appropriated to the defence of the town in former ages, when its circumference did not exceed 7 miles. This space is from 200 to 300 feet broad, and its waving line adds greatly to the beauty. The finest square in thf 1'hu-f \Midome, an octagonal space, surrounded by elegant stone buildings. It is 500 feet long, and 400 broad. The Champ de Mars is an oblong park on the S. PAR W. of Paris, extending from the Military Schoof to the river, and bordered on each side by several rows of trees. The Palais Royal, situated towards the centre of Paris, has long ceased to be a royal residence. It is a centre of amusement, and the general rendezvous of the foreigners who visit Pa- ris. The nocturnal loungers and the votaries of dissipation, scattered in London over so wide a space, are in Paris collected in this central spot. The Seine, flowing from E. to VV. intersects Paris nearly in the middle. The opposite sides are unit- ed by numerous bridges. In palaces and public structures of the first rank, Paris is greatly superi- or to London. The Tuileries, the present royal residence, is a long pile of building, extending from N. to S. about 1,000 feet. It is a noble and venerable structure. The Louvre is only a quar- ter of a mile to the east of the Tuileries, and on the same side of the Seine. Its form is square, with a large interior court, 400 feet by 400. It is used as a depot for objects of taste and art. Thft gallery of the Louvre is a very long range, de- tached from the main building, and extending par- allel to the bank of the river, all the way to the Tuileries. The palace of the Luxembourg is dis- tinguished by the symmetry of its proportion*. One of its halls forms the chamber of peers. The Palais Bourbon, on the left bank of the Seine, on the VV. side of Paris, is a splendid building. Part of it is now appropriated to the house of commons. Of the edifices unconnected with the crown, the first rank is due to the Hotel des Invalides, a very large and elegant structure, fit to be compared to the Greenwich hospital, for its object, its architec- ture, and in some measure for the distribution of the adjacent grounds. Stone is generally used for building, instead of brick, there being extensive quarries in the immediate vicinity. The private houses are considerably higher than in London, having frequently five, six, and sometimes seven stories. The most striking public monument is the Column of the Place Vendome, erected by Bonaparte to commemorate his successes in Ger- many in 1805. It is a great brazen pillar, 12 feet in diameter; its height 133; its form in imitation of Trajan's pillar at Rome ; the expense of its erection ,60,000. A spiral band runs all along the pillar to the top, separating each range of bas reliefs. On the summit is a gallery and dome. A fine bronze statue of Henry IV. was erected in 1818, on the Pont Neuf. The hospitals of Paris are numerous and well managed. The largest by far is the Hotel Dieu ; after it, come the hospitals de la Charite, St. Antoine, Beaujon, des Enfans Malades, and others, to the number in all of 11 . Distinct from these are the Hospices, or establish- ments where the aged, the infirm, the lunatics, are received and supported, on paying a small sum. The hospitals are all under a general board, ap- pointed by government. The funds for their sup- port arise principally from the public treasury. The catacombs are subterraneous quarries, exca- vated in the course of ages for the building of Paris, and converted in the latter part of thr- ]l;th century, into a great burying repository. They stretch along the S. part of Paris, are of great ex- tent, and being easily traversed with the aid of a form a prominent object of attention to travellers. At the head of the literary associations is the In- stitute, a body composed of nearly 200 members, and divided, since 1816, into four academies. Il comprises, as members, or correspondents, a large PAR proportion of the literary or scientific characters of the country. The Bureau des Longitudes is composed of eminent astronomers and geometri- cians. The university comprises a number of classes for each of the five faculties, viz. theology, law, medicine, classics, sciences, meaning by the last, chemistry, botany, mathematics, and astrono- my. The admission to the lectures is gratuitous. Paris contains also four lycees or great public schools, viz. the College Louis le Grand, the Col- lege of Henry IV. the College of Bourbon, the College of Charlemagne. There is, moreover, the College Royal de France. At the Jardin des Plan- tes are no less than 13 classes for botany, zoology, geology, mineralogy, chemistry, &c. To these are to be added the Ecole Royale des Beaux-Arts, or school for painting, sculpture, and architecture. The Military School is for the education of 500 youths, generally the sons of officers who have fallen in the service of their country. The Ecole Polytechnique is for the education of engineers. Paris is very rich in libraries, which are acces- sible to all persons without introduction. The li- brary of the king, the largest library in Europe, contains upwards of 360,000 printed volumes, 72,0 580 PAT deed in manners, as they are divided into a great variety of nations. Towards the straits they are said to be perfectly savage ; on the frontiers of the Spanish and Portuguese they greatly resemble the Chilians. Some of the inhabitants seen by Com. Byron, in the year 1764, he supposed to be about seven feet in height. Capt. Walli?, in the year - 1766, measured one of the tallest, and found his height to be six feet seven inches ; but he says the greatest part of them was from five feet ten to six feet Their complexion is a dark copper colour, like that of the Indians in North America. Patan, t. Hind, in Ajmeer, on the S. side of the river Chumluil. Lon. 75 50' E. Lat. 25 17' N. Patany, port on the S. coast of the peninsula of Malacca j near the mouth of the gulf of Siam. Lon. 10140'E. Lat. 6 5(yN. Pat-ifiscv. r. Maryland, which runs S. E. and flows into Chesapeake bay, between North Point and BoJkiu's Point, which last is in lat. 39 10' N. The river is navigable to Fell's Point at Balti- more, 14 miles for ships drawing 18 feet water. About 8 miles above, at Elkridge landing, there are falls. Patara, or P ultra, place on the sea coast of Cara..'j.aia, in A. Turkey. Lon. 29 20' E. Lat. 36 15' N. Pa.tatan, t. on the N.W. coast of Borneo. Lon. 1165'E. Lat. 5 50' N. Patarirca. See Fo-farilca. Patay, t. France, in Loiret, 12 m. N. N. W. Or- leans. Pop. 1,000. Pataz, jurisdiction of Peru, in the intendancy of T.'uxilio. Caxamarqama and IJuanjachucho are the chief towns, both of little note, except for the ^olJ washiu^ m tne neighborhood. Paichouee. p"v. in Brookhaven, Suffolk co. N. Y. Patrhow Islands, a group of islands on the coast of Cbina. The southernmost is in Ion. 123 52' E. Lat. 24 b-' N. Paic.'ticary, t Bengal, in Ranjeshy. Lon. 87 4^ E. Lat/24 27' N. Pat.-ovna, t. Bengal. Lon. 87 2' E. Lat. 23 3'N. Pateeta, t. Hind, in Benares, 8 m. S. Chunar. Pateiey Bridge, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 14 m. N. W. Harrowgate. PuUntu, t. Sicily, in the Val di Demona, 12 m. W. by N.Catania. Pateninslers, Great, a cluster of shoals and islets in the Eastern seas, about 120 miles long and 30 broad. Lon. 117 10' to 119" 10' E. Lat 6 30' to 7 42' S. Paternosters, Little, cluster of 13 rocks in the Eastern sea?, between Borneo and Celebes. Pater if, district, Hind, in Berar, on the N. bank of the Godavery. Lon. 77" 8'E. Lat 19 18' N. Palestine, p-v. Breckenridge co. Ken. Potgong, t. Bengal, in Rungpore. Lon. 88 55' E. Lat U6 18' N. Path-Head, t Scotland, in Fifeshire, i m. E. Kirkuldy. POP 1,692. Path -Head, v Scotland, 11 m. S. Edinburgh. Patio* r. Quito, which enters the Pacific ocean by eleven month?, in lat. that it has a considerable slope, especially on the inside, and rises by stages like the pyramids. It is surrounded with a ditch, and defended by square towers, placed at the interval of 70 yards, which is reckoned a bowshot. Each tower projects about 40 feet from the line of the PEL wall, and lias a small guard-house on its sum in H The body of the wall is composed of the earth du_- up from the ditch ; but it is faced on each sid with a mixture of brick and stone. The imperial palace is an inclosure within the city, formed by what is called the Yellow Wall. The space contained within it about a mile in length, and three-fourths of a mile in breadth, is artificially formed into an imitation of rude and romantic nature. The edifices destined for the accommodation of the emperor, are placed on hills of different height ; while the loftiest summits :m- crowned with pavilions, kiosks, and other build- ings, destined for pleasure and refreshment. The imperial palace of Yuen-mien, situated without the city, presents the same scene on a mu<\i more extended scale. The grounds here are at least 10 miles in diameter, and comprise an extent of about 60,000 English acres. Lon. 116" 28' E. Lat 39 55' N. Pelagosa, isl. of the Adriatic, W. of Ragusa, 16 m. S. W. Agosta. Lon. 16 10' E. Lat. 42 45' N. Pelaighe, t. Hind, in Agra. Lon. 78 8' E. Lat. 25 21' N. Pelauda, t. Hind, in Ajmeer. Lon. 76 45' E. Lat. 2636 / N. Pelcuda, small isl. of the Grecian archipelago, about 9 m. S. E. Athens, 12 W. by S. Cape Co- lonna. Pelee, small isl. on the N. coast of France, near Cherbourg. Pelegrino, isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 162 W. Lat. 14 S. Pelegrino, Cape, cape on the W. coast of the island of Lesina, in the Adriatic. Lon. 16 26' E. Lat. 43 40' N. Pclew Islands, or Palaos, a cluster of islands in the W. part of the Pacific ocean, between the Phi- lippine and Caroline islands. In 1783, captain Wilson, commander of the Antelope packet, in the service of the East India company, was wrecked on this coast. The inhabitants had been repre- sented as inhuman and savage, but captain Wil- son found them hospitable, friendly, and humane. The islands are circled on the W. side by a reef of coral, which, in some places, extends five or six leagues from the shore. None of the islands which the English visited had any kind of grain, nor any quadruped whatever, except some brownish grey rats, which ran wild in the woods, arid three or four meagre cat?. Yams and cocoa-nuts are the chief articles of sustenance. The islands, when viewed from the sea, exhibit high rugged land, well covered with wood ; the interior parts are in many places mountainous, but the vallies are ex- tensive and beautiful. The soil is in general rich Lon. between 134 5' and 134 40' E. Lat. between 5 54 and 8 12' N. JPe/Aam, t. Lincoln co. Up. Canada. Pelham, p-t. Rockingham co. N. II. 40 m. S. S. E. Concord. Pop. 1,040. Pelham, p-t. I lampshire co. Mass. 85 m. W. Bos- ton. Pop. 1,278. Pelham, t. Wcstchestcr co. N. Y. on East river, 18 m. from New York. Pop. 283. i j / I/ran Island, small isl. Alabama, near the S. coast, E. of Dauphin island. Pelican Island, small isl. near the N. E. coast of Antigua. Lon. 61 24' W. Lat. 17 14' N. Pelican Island, small isl. near the S. W. coast of Antigua. Lon. 61 35' W. Lat. 17 10' N. /TV-//, (Irrul. small isl. near the S. coast P E M PEN 585 of Jamaica. Lon. 76 48' W. Lat. 17 49' N. Lit- tle Pelican Key, is N. of Great Pelican. Peliconda, t. Hind, in the Circars. Lon. 84 10' E. Lat. 1833'N. Pdime, t. A. Russia, in Tobolsk, at the conflu- ence of 'the Pelime with the Taudo. Lon. 63 50' E. Lat. 59 20' N. Pding, isl. in the Yellow sea, near the coast of Corea, 10 miles long, and 4 broad. Lon. 124 28' E. Lat. 38 24' N. Pding Isle, isl. in the Eastern seas, near the E. coast of Celebes, about 50 miles long, by 15 broad. Lon. 124 28' E. Lat. 38 24' N. Pelion, now called Petras, a celebrated moun- tain of Greece, in Thessaly, S. of Ossa, on the gulfofVolo. Pellegrue, t. France, in Gironde, 12 m. N. N. E. La Reole, and 30 E. Bourdeaux. Pop. 1,500. Pellenbeck, v. Netherlands, in South Brabant, 3 m. E. Lou vain. Pellerin, t. France, in Loire Inferieure, on the S. bank of the Loire, 17 m. E.by.S. Paimboeuf, 11 W.Nantes. Pop. 1,500. Pellew^s, Sir Edward, Group, cluster of islands on the N. coast of New Holland, and the W. shore of the gulf of Carpentaria. Lat. of Centre island, 1539'S. Pellew, Cape, the N. extremity of North island, in Sir Edward Pellew's Group. Lon. 137 2' E. Lat. 1630i'S. Pellew Point, cape on the N. W. coast of Amer- ica, in Prince William's Sound. Lon. 21257'E. Lat. 6051'N. Pellissane, t. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone, 15 m. W. S. W. Aix. Pop. 2,600. Pello, mountain, Swedish Lapland. Lon. 23 58' 30" E. Lat. 66 48' 16" N. Ptllworm, small isl. in Denmark on the W. coast of Sleswick Area, 15 sq. miles. Pop. 3,000. Peloponnesus. See Morea. Peloso, Cape, cape on the S. coast of the island of Xante. Lat. 37 50' N. Pelsocz, or Pleissnitz, t. Hungary, 40 m. S. by W. Kesmark, 45 N. Erlau. Pop. 2,100. Peh/ast of Brazil. Lon. 45 2' W. Lat. 2 22' S. Perebera, r. New Granada, which runs into the Caribbean sea, in lat. 11 16' N. Perecop, a very ancient fortress in Eu. Russia, on the isthmus which joins the peninsula of the Crimea to the continent. The town has only 1,200 inhabitants. Large quantities of salt are found in the vicinity. 67 m. N.by W. Akhmetschet. Lon. 3342'E. Lat. 46 9' N. Perejaslarl, t. Eu. Russia, in Pultava, 55 m. S. S. E. Kiev. Pop. 6,000. Perelemou, t. A. Russia, in Irkoutsk, on the Amour, 56 m. N. E. Stretensk. Percmyschl, t. Eu. Russia, in Kaluga, on the Oka, 16 m. S. S. W. Kaluga. Lon. 35 44' E. Lat. 5415'N. Pop. 1,400. Perene, r. Peru, which rises about 40 m. N. of Tarma, and after a S. E. course of above 100 miles, joins the Xauxa, to form the Ene. Peres, or Constantine Perez, isl. on the coast of Chili, near the harbor of Valdivia. Pereslarl-Saleskoe, t. Eu. Russia, in Vladimir, 88m. N.E.Moscow. Lon. 37 37' 45' E. Lat. 55 15' 30'' N. Pop. 4,000. Perevoloczna, t. Eu. Russia, in Ekaterinoslav, on the Dnieper, 1 12 m. N. W. Ekaterinoslav. Pergamino, t. Buenos Ayres, 100 m. from the city of Buenos Ayres. Lon. 60 43' W. Lat. 33 Pergamo, t A. Turkey, about 15 m. up the Gremalki, which falls into the gulf ofSandarie. Lon. 27 E. Lat. 39 1 1' N. Pergen, or Pergine, district of the Austrian states, in Tyrol, 6 m. E. Trent. Pop. 7,000. PER Pergola, t. Italy, in the States of the Church, 32 m. W. Ancona. Pop. 3,000. Perhuy, Pointe de, cape, on the W. coast of France. Lon. 4 33' W. Lat. 48 17' N. Periac, t. France, in Aude, 6 m. S. W. Nar- bonne. Periapatam, t. India, in Mysore. Lon. 76 25' E. Lat. 1221'N. Perico, 3 small islands in the gulf of Panama, 2 leagues S. of the city of Panama, in lat. 8 56' N. Perigord, formerly a province in the S. W. of France, now forming the department of the Dor- dogne. Perigueux, t. France,cap. of Dordogne, on the Ille, 55 m. S. W. Limoges, 70 N. E. Bourdeaux. Lon. 43' E. Lat. 45 11' N. Pop. 6.200. Perim, small isl. in the straits of Babel Mandeb, 4m. fr. the coast of Africa. Lon. 43 50' E. Lat. 12 36' N. Perinaldo, t. Piedmont, 18 m. E. N. E. Nice. Pop. 1,300. Perinda, t. Hind, in Dowlatabad. Lon. 76 50' E. Lat. 1833'N. Peringary, t. India, in Madura. Lon. 78 40' E. Lat. 9 38' N. Perkins, p-t. Huron co. Ohio, in which is San- dusky. Pop. 395. Perkinsville, p-v. Amelia co. Va. Perkiomen, r. Montgomery co. Pa. which runs into the Schuylkill, 10 m. above Norristown. Perlak, t. Hungary, 12 m. E. Warasdin. Lon. 16 35' 15" E. Lat. 46 20' 40" N. Perlas. See Pearl Islands. Perfeberg, t. Prussian states, in Brandenburg, 62 m. N. W. Berlin, 76 S. E. Hamburgh. Pop. 3,000. Perm, a government of Russia, bounded W. by Viatka, and E. by Tobolsk, extending from 56 to 62 N. lat. Area, 116,000 square miles. Pop. 1,100,000. It is in general a hilly country, cov- ered with vast and impenetrable forests. The an- nual export of metal is computed at 2,000 tons of copper, and 70,000 tons of iron. In religion, the inhabitants are partly Christians, partly Mahom- etans, and in no inconsiderable degree Pagans. Perm, chief place of the preceding government, is on the river Kama. 910m. E. by S. St. Peters- burg, 720 E. N. E. Moscow. Lon. 56 26' E. Lat. 581'N. Pop. 3,800. Permacoil, t. India, in the Carnatic. Lon. 79 52' E. Lat. 12 13' N. Permera Rocks, rocks in the East Indian sea, near the coast of Canara. 20 m. N. Mangalore. Lat. 13 10' N. Pernalla, t Hind, in Bejapore. Lon. 72 53' E. Lat. 20 35' N. Pernambuco, a province of Brazil, bounded N. and E. by the Atlantic ocean, S. by Bahia, and W. by the desert territory. It is about 470 miles from N. to S. and about 370 from E. to W. It abounds in sugar-cane, cotton and Brazil wood. Pop. 1,100,000. Pernambuco, or St. Antonio do Recife, t. Brazil, and cap. of the province of the same name, is sit- uated at the mouth of the river Bibiribe and Capivaribe, and consists of three divisions, Re- cife, St. Antonio, and Boa Vista, connected to- y bridges. The divisions of Recife is nearest the sea, on a long narrow neck of land. e harbor is formed by a reef of rocks which run parallel with the town, at a very small dis- tance. The lower harbor, for vessels of 400 tons and upward?, is very dangerous, as it is open to PER 589 the sea ; and the beach opposite to it is very steep. The port has two entrances, defended by two stone forts. Pernambuco is a thriving place ; and since the ports of Brazil were thrown open to foreign commerce, it is daily increasing in opu- lence and importance. Pop. 32,000. Pernau, or Perna-Lin, t. Eu. Russia, in Livo- nia, on the gulf of Riga, 105 m. N. by E. Riga, 76 S. by W. Revel. Pop. 2,200. Pernes, t. France, in Vaucluse, 4 m. S. Carpen- tras, 14 E. N. E. Avignon. Pop. 3,500. Pernicious Islands, cluster of islands in the Pa- cific ocean, about 15 miles in circumference. Lon. 140 45' W. Lat. 16 S. Perno, t. Eu. Russia, in Finland, on the gulf of Finland, 8 m. W. Lovisa, 35 W. Fredericksham. Lon. 16 4' E. Lat. 60 26' N. Perols, Etang de, bay on the S. coast of France, in Herault. Lon. 4 2' E. Lat. 43 32' N. Peronne, t. France in Somme, on the right bank of the Somme. It is a place of strength both from its situation and its fortifications. On the 26th June 1815, it was stormed by a body of British. 30 m. S. W. Cambray, 28 E. Amiens. Lon. 2 56' E. Lat. 49 55' N. Pop. 3,700. Peros Banhos, small islands in the Eastern seas. Lon. 72 10' E. Lat. 5 30' S. Perosa, La, t. Piedmont, 8 m. N. W. Pinerolo, 24 W. S. W. Turin Pop. 2,300. Perote, t. Mexico, in Vera Cruz, about 60 miles from the E. coast. The fortress of San Carlos is to the N. of the town. The Coffre de Perote to the S. E. is of great height, and serves, along with the Volcano of Orisba, as a landmark to make the port Vera Cruz. Perouges, t. France, in Ain, 22m. S. Bourg. Perpetua, Cape, cape on the N. W. coast of America. Lon. 235 52' E. Lat. 44 6' N. Perpignan, t. France, in Eastern Pyrenees, on the river Tet. It is a place of great strength, and accounted one of the keys of the kingdom on the side of Spain. Its trade consists in corn, wine, wool, and iron. 30m. S. Narbonne, 110 S. W. Montpelier. Lon. 2 54' E. Lat. 42 42' N. Pop. 12,000. Perquimans, co. in the E. part of N. C. Pop. 6,857. Slaves 2,465. Engaged in agriculture 2,188, in commerce 10, in manufactures 90. Chief town, Hertford. Perrecy. See Percey. Perreux, t. France, in Loire, 3 m. E. Roannes,7 m. S. Charlieu sur Loire. Pop. 2,600. Perriers, t. France, in La Manche, 8 m. N. Cou- tances. Pop. 2,500. Perrington, p-t. Monroe co. N. Y. on the Erie canal. Pop. 1,664. Perrosguirec, t. France, in Cotes du Nord, 6 m. N. Lannion, 40 N. W. St. Brieux. Pop. 1,500. Perry, t. Washington co. Maine, on Passama- quoddy bay, connected by a bridge with Eastport. Pop. 407. Perry, p-t. Genesee co. (N. Y.) S. of Batavia . Pop. 2,317. Perry, co. Pa. Pop. 11,342. Engaged in agri- culture 1,489, in commerce 19, in manufactures fi45. Chief town, Tyrone. Perry, t. Jefferson co. Pa. Pop. 205. Perry, t. Union co. Pa. Pop. 1,330. Perry, co. Mississippi. Pop. 2,037. Slaves 491. Engaged in agriculture 197, in commerce 7, in manufactures 5. At the Court-house is a post- office. Perry, co. West Tennessee. Pop. 2,384. Slaves 590 PER 223. Engaged in agriculture 652, iu com- merce 6. Perry, co. Ken. formed in. 1820 from Clay and Floyd counties. Perry, co. Ohio, formed in 1818. Pop. 8,429. Engaged in agriculture 1,704, in commerce 6, in manufactures 226. Chief town, Somerset. Perry, t. Brown co. Ohio. Pop. 666. Perry, t. Coshocton co. Ohio. Pop. 843. Perry, t. Fairfield co. Ohio, 14 m. S. Lancaster. Pop. 6 12. Perry, t. Franklin co. Ohio. Pop. 426. Perry, t. Gallia co. Ohio, 10 m. W. Gallipolis. Pop. 455. Perry, t. Geauga co. Ohio, on Lake Erie, be- tween Painesville and Madison. Pop. 614. Perry, t. Licking co. Ohio. Pop. 297. Perry, t. Muskingum co. Ohio, 6 m. E. Zanes- ville. Pop. 543. Perry, t. Piichland co. Ohio. Pop. 420. Perry, t. Stark co. Ohio. Pop. 607. Perry, t Tuscarawas co. Ohio. Pop. 256. Perry, t. Wayne co. Ohio, 12m. N.W. Wooster. Pop 558. Perry, co. Indiana, on Ohio river. Pop. 2,330. Engaged in agriculture 614, in manufactures 20. Chief town, Troy. Perryopolis, p-t. Fayette co. Pa. on the Yiohiog- any. A newspaper is printed here. Perrysburg, t. Cataraugus co. N. Y. Pop. 835. Perrysburg, t. Wood co. Ohio, at the lower rap- ids of the Maumee, 18m. above its mouth, 36 W. Croghansville, 140 N. W. Columbus. Perrysville, p-v. Hunterdon co. N. J. Perrysville, v. Alleghany co. Pa. 7 m. from Pitts- burg Perrysville, p-t. Mercer co. Ken. Perr'ysville, t. Richland co. Ohio, on an eastern fork of Mohiccan creek. Perrysville, t. and cap. Bond co. Illinois, on the Kaslcaskia, 50 m. E. by N. St. Louis. Persah, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 84 40' E. Lat. 27 10' N. Persaim, or Bassein, t. Birman empire, in Pegue, on the Irrawuddy, here called the Persaim river, and capable of admitting ships up to the town. Lon. 95 E. Lat. 16 50' N. Persante, or Psante, r. Prussia, in Pomerania, which falls into the Baltic, a little below Col- berg. Persauma, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 86 32' E. Lat. 26 1' N. Perse, or Prese, r. Eu. Russia, which falls into the Dwina, near Rockenhausen. Persepolis, Ruins of. The remains of this an- cient capital of Persia are 30 m. N. N. E. Schiras. The majestic ruins which distinguish this site ap- pear to be solely those of the great palace of Da- rius, which was set fire to by Alexander, in a fit of frenzy. This superb edifice has the walls of three of its sides still standing. The front extends 600 paces from N. to S. while the side reaching from E. to W. extends 390 paces. The columns, staircases, images, and relievos are exceedingly magnificent. Perserin, or Prisrendi, t. Eu. Turkey, in Roma- nia, 45 m. E. by N. Scutari, 108 N. Joannina. Pop. 16,000. Pershore, t. Eng. in Worcester co. once famed for its abbey, is on the N. bank of the Avon, 9 m. E. S. E. Worcester, 102 W. N. W. London. Lon. 2 4' W. Lat. 52 7' N. Pop. 1,500. PER Persia, an extensive empire of Asia, whose lim- its have been very variously defined. The region which seems to be most properly considered as Persia, is bounded W. by the Euphrates and Ti- gris, with the mountains of Armenia and Koor- distan ; N. by the Caspian and the mountains of Caucasus ; S. by the Persian gulf; E. by a vast sandy and saline desert, which partly extends as far as the Indus, partly rises into the lofty moun- tain regions of Hindoo Coosh and Parapomisus. It has been usual to extend Persia as far as the Indus; but the mountainous countries of Cabul and Candahar have been long entirely indepen- dent. The southern sandy desert of Mek- ran and Beloochistan are still more universally included in our maps of Persia ; a division, however, which seems to be made with little pro- priety. The loftiest mountains of Persia are on its bor- ders. The most remarkable is the immense chain of Caucasus, which fills the interval between the Black Sea and the Caspian. Southwards from this branch spread the mountains of Armenia and Koordistan. These mountains, which are very lofty, form the frontier between the Persian and Turkish empires. From the highest part of them, a great chain, under the name of El-wand, or El- bruz, makes a circuit ronnd the southern shore of the Caspian, leaving between itself and the sea a very fertile plain. It is continued along the south- ern frontier of Khorassan, and is supposed to unite with the mountains of Parapomisus, and through them, with the Hindoo Coosh and Himmaleh. Chains of inferior height traverse the southern provinces of Khusistan and Farsistan. The inte- rior of Persia consists of an immense, dry, salt plain. It is traversed, however, by many moun- tains, either independent, or connected with the great frontier chains, the streams descending from which are usually lost in the sands, or formed into lakes. These streams produce, however, all the fertility which the empire can boast ; and when they are abundant, render the plains through which they flow, beautiful and luxuriant in an extraordinary degree. That of Schiras is consid- ered the boast of Persia. The provinces of the Caspian, watered from the great chains of Cauca- sus and Elbruz, are of very remarkable fertility. The principal cultivated productions are the vine, the mulberry, and fruits of various kinds. A vast extent of the empire, however, is abandoned to pasture, and tenanted by wandering shepherds, like those of Tartary and Arabia. The govern- ment of Persia is in its principle entirely absolute. The reigning king has always been judged the vicegerent of the prophet, and entitled to the most implicit obedience. No monarch has ever ruled with more arbitrary sway than he who now fills the throne. He is absolute master of the lives and properties of his subjects. The wan- dering tribes, however, are ruled by their own khans, who carry on all the internal administra- tion, and merely pay military service when re- quired. They can, it is said, by great effort, fur- nish 1 50,000, or 200,000 men. It consists entirely of cavalry, and receives no regular pay. The Per- sians are the most polite nation in the east. They are also the mcst learned ; poetry and the sciences may even be considered as their ruling passion. The whole Persian nation are now Mahometans, of the sect of Schiites, or of the followers of Ali, who, on that ground, are viewed by the Turks P R With still greater abhorrence than even Chris- tians. The Persians themselves are not an intol- erant people ; they listen without anger to the professions or arguments of those who hold a dif- ferent belief, and do not allow this circumstance to cause any interruption of social intercourse. The Persian?, to a considerable extent, are a man- ufacturing people. Those unrivalled carpets, to which we give the name of Turkey, are wrought in Persia. Silk is also a great staple, either by itself or mixed with cotton and wool ; and they excel particularly in brocade and embroidery. All estimates of the population of Persia are founded on the most vague conjecture. Persia, t. Missouri, on the N. bank of Missouri river, 19 m. from Franklin. It was laid out in 1820. Persian Gulf, called also the sea of Ommon, an extensive bay of the Indian ocean, which, stretch- ing in a W. N. W. direction divides Persia from Arabia. It is about 600 miles long. Person, co. N. C. Pop. 9,029. Slaves 3,684. Engaged in agriculture 2,512, in commerce 13, in manufactures 151. At the court-house is a post- office. Per sot em, or Pursotem, t. Hind, in Orissa, and cap. of a district of the same name. Pertagur, t. and fortress, Hind, in Allahabad. Lon. 82 23' E. Lat 2558 ; N. Perth, co. Scotland, bounded E. by Forfar, S. E. by the Frith of Tay and the counties of Kin- ross and Fife, S. by the Forth, and the counties of Clackmannan and Stirling, S. W. by Dumbarton- shire, W. by Argyle, N. W. by Inverness, and N. by Aberdeen. Extent, 5,000 square miles, or 4,068,640 acres. It contains 80 parishes, 26,404 inhabited houses, and, in 1801, 136,366 inhab- itants. Perth, the capital of the above county, is on the W. bank of the Tay. It has been the scene of many important transactions recorded in Scot- tish history. The salmon fishery on the Ta)', near this, place, is very extensive. The staple manufacture at Perth is linen ; but, of late, the cotton manufacture has almost superseded it. Besides these, here are extensive manufactures of leather, boots, shoes, and gloves. The grammar school of Perth has long been accounted one of the best in Scotland. 39 m. N. Edinburg, 22 W. Dun- dee, 15 S. Dunkeld. Lon. 3 27' W. Lat. 56 22' N. Pop. iu 1811, 17,248. Perth, t. Up. Canada, near the river Rideau. Pcrtk-Amboy. See Jlmboy. Perlhuis, seignory, Hampshire co. Lower Can- ada, 34 m. W . Quebec. Pertuis, t. France, in Vaucluse, 14m. S.E. Apt, 40 S. E. Avignon. Pop. 4,000. Perluis d\4ntioche. See Antioche. Peru, one of the viceroy allies of Spanish Amer- ica. It extends from the Rio Tumbez, in 3" 30' S. lat. to the chain of Vilcanota, in 15 S. lat. It is bounded N. by New Granada, E. by Brazil, S. E. by Buenos Ay res, S. by the desert of Atacama, which separates it from Chili, and W. by the Pa- cific ocean. The Andes pass through the whole length of the country parallel with the Pacific ocean. There are two principal ridges, called the eastern and western Cordillera. The country between them is an elevated plain, or table land, generally from 8,000 to 10,000 feet above the level of the sea. The narrow tract between the western C6rdillera and the Pacific is a plain, principally sandy and barren. The tops of the P E S 501 Andes are covered with eternal snow, and the low country on the coast is hot and unhealthy, while the intermediate table land enjoys a uni- form and delightful climate. Earthquakes are common : Lima has been repeatedly almost ruin- ed by them. There are 70 gold mines, 700 silver mines, and 4 of quicksilver, besides several of copper and lead. The annual produce of the gold and silver mines is more than $4,000,000. The population, according to the last census, is 1,079,122, of which number 619,000 are civilized Indians, and the rest are whites, negroes, mulat- toes, and mestizoes. The Spanish settlements are on the high table land between the mountains, and on the coast, but do not extend E. of the Andes. Peru trades with Europe, the East Indies, coast- wise with Mexico, Guatimala, and Chili, and over land with the provinces of the Rio de la Pla- ta. Its^exporta are chiefly gold and silver, wine, brandy, sugar, pimento, Jesuit's bark, salt, vicuna wool, and coarse woollens ; and it receives in re- turn European goods, live stock, provisions, tal- low, cacao, Paraguay tea, cocoa leaf, indigo, tim- ber, cordage, pitch, and copper. Amid the recent commotions in South America, Peru has remained unshaken in its allegiance to the king of Spain. Armaments have been fitted out by the Patriots of Buenos Ayres and Chili, for the invasion of this country, and on the 10th July 1821, Lima the key of the whole country, fell into their hands. Peru, Bennington co. Vt. 30m. N. E. Benning- ton. Pop. 314. Peru, p-t. Berkshire co. Mass. 16 m. N. N. E. Lenox. Pop. 748. Peru, p-t. Clinton co. N. Y. on Lake Cham- plain, 140 m. N. Albany. Pop. 710. Peru, t. Delaware co. Ohio. Pop. 157. Peru, t. Huron co. Ohio. Pop. 233. Pervencheres, t. France, in Orne, 9 m. S. W. Mortagne, 14 N. E. Alencon. Pop. 800. Perugia, a delegation of Italy, in the States of the Church, including the ci-devant Perugino. Pop. 182,000. Perugia, cap. of the above delegation, near the Tiber. It has manufactures of velvet and other silk stuffs. The surrounding country is one of the richest and finest in Italy. 30 m. N.*N. W. Spole- to, 85 N. Rome. Lon. 12 22' E. Lat. 43 6' N. Pop. 16,000. Peruipe, r. Brazil, which runs into the Atlantic in lat. 18 20 S. Peruwelz, t. Netherlands, in Hainault, 12m. N. by E. Valenciennes, 18 W. by N. Mons. Pop. 5,500. Perwcz le Marchez, t. Netherlands, in South Brabant, 12 m. N. Namur, 25 S. E. Brussels. Perwuttum, t. Hind, in Golconda, on the S. bank of the Kistna. Lon. 78 40' E. Lat. 15 57' N. Perzagno, t. Dalmatia, on the gulf of Cattaro, 3 m. N. W. Cattaro. Pop. 1,600. Pesant, Point, the N. point of the island of Banca. Pesaro, t. Italy, in the States of the Church, near the Foglia, 18 m. E. N. E. Urbino, 34 N. W. Ancona. Lon. 12 53' E. Lat. 45 55' N. Pop. 10,000. i Pcscara, t. Naples, in the Abruzzo Citra, on the Adriatic, at the mouth of the river Pescara. It was formerly the see of a bishop, now removed to Atri. 6 m. N. E. Chieti, 40 E. Aquila. Pesrara, r. Naples, in the Abruzzo, which has 592 PET its source in the Appennines, and falls into the Adriatic at Pescara. Pescarolo, t. Austrian Italy, in the Milanese, 9 m. N. E. Cremona. Peschici, t. Naples, in Capitanata, 11 m. N. W. Vieste. Pop. 1,600. Peschiera, t. and fortress, Austrian Italy, near the spot where the Mincio issues from the lake of Garda, 15 m. W. Verona, 18 N. N. W. Mantua. Lon. 10 42' E. Lat. 45 7' N. Pop. 2,500. Pescia, t. Tuscany. It is the see of a bishop. 10 m. W. S. W. Pistoja, 20 E. N. E. Florence. Peseta, t. Austrian Italy, 7 m. S. Treviso. Pescina, t. Naples, in the Abruzzo Ultra, 34 m. N. by E. Ponte Corvo. Pesco Constanzo, t. Naples, in the Abruzzo Ci- tra, 10 m. S. by E. Sulmona. Pop. 2,300. Peseguero, small isl. near the coast of Portugal. Lon. 8 52- W. Lat. 37 40' N. Pesenas, or Pesenas, t. France, at the confluence of the Peyre and the Herault, 14 m. N. E. Beziers, 25 S. W. Montpelier. Pop. 7,000. Pesenberg, t. Austria, on the Danube, opposite !ps, 60 m. W. Vienna. Peshawur, Peshour, or Peishore, district of Ca- bul. It is intersected by the Kameh or Cabul riv- er. Although the district is only 35 miles in cir- cumference, it is said to contain 300,000 inhabi- tants. This district is the favourite residence of the Afghan court during the winter. Peshatcur, city, Cabul, and cap. of the above district, is upwards of five miles in circumfer- ence, and contains about 100,000 inhabitants. It was at Peshawur that the honourable Mount Stu- art Elphinston had his audience of Shah Sujaa, the Afghan king, in the year 1809. Lon. 70 37' E. Lat. 33 32' N. Peshwa. See Mahratta Territory and Poonah. Pesme, t. France, in Upper Saone, 22 m. W. Besancon. Pop. 1,700. Pessac, t. France, in Gironde, 3 m. S. W. Bour- deaux. Pop. 1,400. Pest, or Pesth, a palatinate of Hungary, on the Danube. Area, 4,050 sq. miles. Pop. 362,000. Pest, or Pesth, a large city, Hungary, on the bank of the Danube, opposite Buda,from which it is separated by a bridge of boats, three quarters of a mile in length. It is the seat of the high courts of justice, and the place of meeting for the diet of Hungary. The university is richly endowed. There are 40 professors, and between 700 and 800 student?. The manufactures are various, com- prising silk, cotton, leather, jewellery, and music- al instruments ; also tobacco, which is here a gov- ernment monopoly. 130 m. E. S. E. Vienna. Pop. 42,000. Petalnaig, t. India, in Tinnevelly. Lon. 78 15' E. Lat. 9 13 N. Petapsco. See Patapscu. Petatlan, Punta dt, cape on the W. coast of Mexico. Lat. 17 38' N. Pelchelee, province, China, in which is Peking, the capital. It is on the Tartar frontier. Pop*, ac- cording to Sir George Staunton, 38,000,000. Petchelee, Gulf of. See Yellow Sea. Petelingu, Punta, cape on the coast of Brazil. Lon. 35 W. Lat. 5 8' S. Peterborough, city, Eng. in Northampton co. on the Nen. Of the public buildings, the cathedral is by far the most remarkable. It is a noble struc- ture, extending 470 feet in length, and about 200 in breadth. The chief trade of Peterborough con- sists in coals, corn, malt, and timber. The stock- PET ing manufacture also is carried on here to a con- siderable extent. It sends two member to parlia- ment. Pop. 3,674 for the city, and 7,029 for the liberty of Peterborough. 78 m. N. London. Lon. 015'W. Lat. 5235'N. Peterborough, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H. wa- tered by the Contoocook. It is one of the most considerable manufacturing towns in the State, and contains, besides other smaller manufactories, 5 cotton factories, a woollen factory, several grain mills, an oil mill, and a fulling mill. It has 2 churches, 1 for Congregationalists and 1 for Bap- tists. Pop. 1,500. 20 m. from Amherst and from Keene, 40 S.VV. Concord,60 from Boston. Lat. 42 52' N. Peterborough, p-v. Madison co. N. Y. on Oneida creek, 29 m. S. W. Utica, 122 W. Albany. Here are a printing office, an arsenal, and extensive cotton, woollen, and glass factories. Peterhead, s-p. Scotland, Aberdeen co. on a pe- ninsula and small island called Keith Inch, pro- jecting into the German ocean, and forming the most easterly point of land in Scotland. It has two harbours, divided from each other by a causeway. They are resorted to by wind-bound vessels from all parts of Europe. The shipping belonging to this port amounts to about 13,000 tons. 132 m. N. Edinburgh. Lon. 1 22' W. Lat. 37 50' N. Pop. in 1811, 3,554. Peterlingen. See Paycrnc. Peters, t. Washington co. Pa. Pop. 1,565. Peters, t. Franklin co. Pa. Pop. 2,776. Petersburg, Sf. a government in the N. W. of Eu. Russia, at the E. extremity of the gulf of Fin- land. Area, 18,000 sq. miles. Pop. 700,000. The surface is in general level. The cold climate is un- favourable to the culture of corn. Timber forms the chief source of wealth, deals and masts being the great articles of export. Petersburg, St. the capital of the Russian em- pire, is at the E. extremity of the gulf of Finland, at the mouth of the river Neva. It is entirely a modem city, having been commenced by Peter the Great, in the beginning of the last century, and has since been progressively extended and embellished, particularly by the empress Catha- rine II who first made it the permanent abo.lr of the court. The form of Petersburg is nearly cir- cular : its diameter about four miles. The Neva, flowing form east to west, divides it into two parts, of which the larger and more populous is on the south side of the river. On the land side, rt. Pe- tersburg is almost entirely open ; but the approach by sea is guarded by the -fort of Cronstadt, and in the middle of the city is a citadel. The site of this capital is level, and low, and was formerly liable to inundations. The Neva, soon after entering St. Petersburg, sends off a branch, and from the middle of the city another branch, both to the northward. These fall soon after into the sea, and form the insulated tracts on which the northern part of the city is built. The main stream (lows through the middle of the city, arid has along its south side a quay 3 miles in length, and embanked in all its extent will) a wall, parapet, and pavement of granite. Tin- '-inith'Tii part of the town is divided by canals. in Ivirojx- ciin stand a comparison with St. 1 '( t( r.^burg in the width and regularity of its The squares are less numerous and spa- cious than might have been expected in : such recent erection. The streets are for the most part paved with stone. The houses, origin- PET nliy of wood, are now of brick. One of the chief difficulties iu this city is to make a cellar, as in all situations water is found at the depths of five or six feet. Among the most conspicuous public buildings, is the winter palace of the czar, a build- ing of great extent, being 450 feet long, 350 broad, and 70 in height. The number of booksellers' shops in Petersburg is between 30 and 40 ; of printing-houses about half as many. The publi- cations are generally translations from the French, English, or German. The Petersburg university was* established in 1819. There are inferior in- stitutions in considerable number, such as schools for medicine, surgery, navigation, mining ; also several military colleges and charity schools. Here are also several academies, one of sciences, anoth- er of the fine arts, and a third for promoting a knowledge of the Russian history and language. But most of the members of these associations are foreigners, particularly Germans. Petersburg contains several scientific collections, in particular those of natural history and the arts, and several public libraries, the largest of which are the Im- perial library at the hermitage, Zaluski's and the Grand Duke of Constantine's, each of which con- tains 300,000 volumes. The manufacturing es- tablishments are very various. Among those un- dertaken by the government, are the grand tapes- try work, a large manufactory of aqua fortis, a mint, and assay office in the citadel, a bronze work, a foundery of metal, a foundery of cannon, and powder-mills. Of those belonging to indi- viduals, are the manufactures of silk, cotton, woollen, paper and cards, wax-cloth, snuff, tobac- co, leather, watches, glass and printing types. The commercial intercourse of St. Petersburg is im- portant, from its extensive communication with the interior, and its being the only great maritime outlet in the gulf of Finland. The canal of Visch- nei-Volotschok, unites the Neva with the Wolga, thus opening a slow but complete communication between the Baltic and the Caspian, a distance of 1,400 miles. The foreign trade of St. Petersburg is almost wholly in the hands of foreigners. The principal exports are hemp and flax, leather and tallow, iron from the mines, and the skins of hares and foxes from the forests. To these are added canvas, and other coarse linen. The value of the annual imports into St. Petersburg is between five and six millions sterling ; and that of the exports between four and five millions. The number of ships that enter the Neva annually varies from 1,000 to 1,700, of which about half are British. 435 m. E. by N. Stockholm, 1,400 E. N. E. Lon- don. Lon. 30 18' 45'' E. Lat. 59 56' 23" N. Pop. in 1817, according to census, 285,000 ; of whom 55,000 were in the land and sea service, and 25,000 were foreigners. Petersburg, p-t. Rensselaer co. N.Y. 25 m. N. E. Albany. Pop. 2,248. Petersburg, p-t. Adams co. Pa. Petersburg, t. Cumberland co. Pa. on the W. side of the Susquehannah, 15 m. above Harris- burp. Petersburg, t. Huntingdon co. Pa. Pop. 188. Petersburg, borough and port of entry, Dinwid- die co. Virginia, on the S. E. bank of Appomattox river, just below the fall?, 12 miles from its mouth, at the head of sloop navigation, 25 m. S. Richmond. It carries on a large commerce in tobacco and flour, and is the emporium of trade for a considerable district in North Carolina, as well as for the south- ern part of Virginia. The falls of the river at 75 PET 593 this place afford fine situations for mills ; and there is a canal around them, which opens the naviga- tion for 80 miles above the town. The amount of shipping in this district, in 1815, was 5,912 tons. Petersburg contains a court-house, jail, Free Ma- son's hall, several tobacco warehouses and flour mills, 2 banks, an insurance office, and 5 houses of public worship, 2 for Baptists, and 1 each for Pres- byterians, Episcopalians, and Methodists. The borough comprehends, besides the town of Peters- burg, the village of Blandford, in Prince George's co. and Powhatan, in Chesterfield co. Pop. in 1810, 5,668 ; in 1820, 6,328, of whom 3,117 were whites, 1,1 13 free blacks, and 2,098 slaves. Lon. 77 31' W. Lat. 37 15' N. Petersburg, p-t. Elbert co. Geo. on the Savan- nah, at the junction of Broad river, 53 m. above Augusta. Petersburg, t. Woodford co. Kentucky, on the river Kentucky, 15 m. S. E. Frankfort. Petersburg, t. Columbiana co. Ohio, 14 m. E. N. E. New Lisbon. Petersjield, t. Eng. in Hants, 18 m. N. E. Ports- mouth, 54 S. W. London. Lon. 54' W. Lat. 5059'N. Pop. 1,200. Peterskagen, t. Prussian States, on the Weser, 6 m. N. Minden. Pop. 1,200. Petersham, v. Eng. in Surry, on the Thames, on the S. side of Richmond hill, 10 m. W. S.W. Lon- don. Pop. 406. Petersham, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 29 m. N. W. Worcester, 67 m. W. by N. Boston. Pop. 1,623. Swift river, a branch of the Chickapee, runs through the town. Petersham contains a variety of manufactures. The town is handsomely built, on elevated ground, commanding an extensive prospect. Pctersthal, v. Baden, 24 m. E. S. E. Strasburs:. Pop. 2,000. Peterstoipn, p-v. Monroe co. Va. Petersville, p-v. Frederick co. Md. Pelerswald, v. Bohemia, 20 m. S. by E. Dresden. Pop. 1,500. Peterswaldau,i. Prussian states, 9m. S. Schweid- nitz. Pop. 3,000. Peterwardein, or Peter-Vara, strong t. Austri- an states, on the Danube. Pop. 3,700. It is re- markable for the defeat of the Turks by Prince Eugene in 1716. Peterwardein, in Hungary. See Neusats. Petherton, North, v. Eng. in Somerset, 8 m. N. E. Taunton. Pop. 2,615. Petherton, South, t. Eng. in Somerset, 12 m. S. E. North Petherton. Pop. 1,867. Petin, small isl. in the Eastern seas. Lon. 99 27' E. Lat 2 20' S. Petit Codiak, r. New Brunswick, which falls in- to Chignecto bay. Petit Goaves, t. on the N. coast of St. Domingo, on the bay of Leogane, 7 m. W. Grand Goave, 36 W. by S. Port-au-Prince. Lon. 72 54' W. Lat. 18 23' N. Petit John, r. Arkansas, which rises in the O- zark mountains, near the sources of the Poteau and La Feve, and after a N. E. course of 200 miles joins the Arkansas. Petit Port, on the W. side of Newfoundland isl- and, 5i leagues N. Cape Ray. Lon. 59 15' W. Lat. 47" 52'~30'' N. Petit Riviere, t. St. Domingo, 10 leagues E. by N. St. Marc. Lon. 72 15' W. Lat. 19" 8' N. Petite Nation, seignory, York co. Lower Cana- da, on the Ottawa, 594 PET Petite. Pierre, t. France, in Lower Rhine, 26 m. N.W. Strasburg. Pop. 1,000. Petite Riviere, r. Lower Canada, which runs S.W. 15 leagues, and falls into the Ottawa. Pftkum, v. Hanover, in East Friesland, on the Ems, 3 m. S. E. Embden. Petlad, t. Hind, in Gnjerat. Lon. 73 E. Lat. 22 27' N. Petlahivad, t. Hind, in Malwah. Lon. 74 50' E. Lat. 23" 22' N. Petoka, r. Indiana, which runs into the Wabash from the N. E. 20 m. below Vincennes, after a course of about 70 miles. Petras. See Pelion, Mount. Petrei Pay, bay on the S. shore of New Hol- land. Lon. 133 154' E. Lat. 32 33^' S. Petrdla, t. Naples, in the Principato Citra, 1 1 m. E. Molise. Pop. 3,000. Pttrie's Island, small isl. off the N. W. coast of America. Lon. 229 20' E Lat. 54 42' N. Petrikau, t. Poland, 76 m. S. W. Warsaw. Pop. 1,700. Petrikor, t. Russian Lithuania, in Minsk, 130 m. S. E. Novogrodek. Petries, p-v. Herkimer co. N. Y. Petrinia, t. Austrian States, 35 m. E. Carlstadt. Pop. 2,900. Petronell, t. Austrian States, 12 m. W. by S. Presburgh. Pop. 2,000. Petropaulouskaia, fort, A. Russia, in Irkoutsk, 16 m. S. S. W. Selenginsk. Petropaulouskaia, fort, A. Russia, in Oufa, 52 m. E. N. E. Verchouralsk. Petropaulouskoi. t. A. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the Ischim, 40 m. E. Ischim. Petrorca, t. Chili, in Quillota, on the Longoto- ma. Lat. 31 30' S. Petrosarodsk, t. En. Russia, cap. of Olonetz, sit- uated on the W. bank of Lake Onega, 65 m. N.E. Olonetz. Lon. 34 23' 45" E. Lat. 61 47' 4" N. Pop. 3,000. Petrovsk, t. Eu. Russia, in Jaroslav, 52 m. S. Ja- roslav. Lon. 40 14' E. Lat. 56 45' N. Pop. 1,000. Pelrovsk, t. Eu. Russia, in Saratov, 40m. N.W. Saratov. Lon. 44 54' E. Lat. 52 40' N. Petschanoi, cape on the N. coast of A. Russia, in the Frozen sea. Lon. 165 14' E. Lat. 75 25' N. Petschau, t. Bohemia, 63 m. W. Prague, 11 S. Carlsbad. Pop. 1,400. Peischora, r. Eu. Russia, which rises in the Ou- ral mountains, and falls into the Arctic ocean near Pustoserskoe. Length, above 600 miles. Pettapore, or Pettipore, t. Hind, in the Circars. Lon. 82 25' E. Lat. 17 5'N. Pettau, t. Austrian States, on the Drave, 17 m. E. S. E. Marburg. Lon. 15 59' 26" E. Lat. 46 3621"N. Pop. 1,200. Peltem, v. North Holland, on the German ocean, 10m. N. Alkmaar. Petlicotta, t. India, in Tanjore. Lon. 79 2^ E. Lat. 10 21 N. Pettini, small isl. in the gulf of Venice. Lon. 2437'E. Lat. 44 49' N. Petlmes, or Pottmes, t. Bavaria, 10 m. S. by W. Neuberg on the Danube. Pop. 1,000. Pellorano, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, on the Pescara, 5 m. S. Sulmona. Petty Harbour, bay on the E. coast of Newfound- land. Lon. 52 20' W. Lat. 47 30' N. Pet worth,, t. Eng. in Sussex, on a branch of the Arun, 12m. N. E. Chichester, 49 S. W. London. Lon. 36' W. Lat. 50 59' N . Pop. 3,007. P F U Peva, cape on the coast of Brazil. Lon. 3T 3(5 W. I, at. 3 36' S. Pevcnitey, v. Eng. in Sussex, on a small river which falls into Pevensey bay, 14 m. &'. W. Hast- ings. Pop. 2,459. Peyauns, t. Hind, in Oude. Lon. 80 15' E, Lat. 27 40' N. Peyerson's Point, cape on the N. coast of Anti- gua. Lon. 61 32' W. Lat. 17 18' N. Peyrat, t. France, in Upper Vicnne, 25 m. E. Limoges. Pop. 1,600. Peyrehourade, t. France, in Landes, at the con- fluence of the Adour and the Gave de Pan, 13 m. S. Dax, 20 E. by N. Bayonne. Pop. 2,000. Peyriac, t. France, in Aude, 15 in. E. by N. Car- cassone. Pop. 1,100. Peyrollcs, t. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone, on the right bank of the Durance, 12 m. IN. Aix. Pop. 1,800. Peyrusse, t. France, in Aveyron, 25 m. W. by N. Rodez. Pop. 900. Peytahn, t. Hind, in Nepaul. Lon. 82 15' E. Lat. 29 4' N. Peytonsburg, v. Pittsylvania co. Va. Pesa, r. Eu. Russia, which flows from the Lake Varzeskoi, and runs into the river Mezen, 12 m. S. E. Ozokolskoi. Pezenas. See Pesenas. Peso do Regoa, t. Portugal, in Tras-los-Montes, on the Douro, 7 m. N. W. Lamego. Pop. 1,100. Pfafers. See Pfeffers. Pfaffendorf, v. Prussian states, 1 m. N. Liegnitz. Here the Prussians, commanded by Frederick II. obtained, in 1760, a signal victory over the Austri- ans, commanded by Laudohn. Pfaffenhausen,t. Bavaria, 5 m. N. N. W. Min- delheim. Pop. 3,000. Pfujfenhofen, t. Wirtemburg, 18m. N. Stutgard. Pop. 900. Pfaff'enhofen, v. Bavaria, 8 m. E. by S. Ulm. Pop. 1,200. There is another on the Ilm, 24 m. N. by W. Munich. Pop. 1,500. Pfajfenhofen, t. Austrian States, in Tyrol, on the Inn, 14m. W. Inspruck. Pop. 2,400. Pfaffenhofen, t. France, in Lower Rhine, 9 m. W.Hagenau. Pop. 1,200. Pfalzel, t. Prussian province of the Lower Rhine, at the confluence of the Saar and Moselle, 3m. N. E Treves. Pop. 900. Pfedelbach, t. Wirtemberg, 4 m. S. Oehringen. Pop. 1,000. Pfedersheim, t. Germany, in Hesse-Darmstadt, 24 m. N. W. Spire, 23 S. Mentz. Pop. 1,700. Pfeffenheim, t. France, in Upper Rhine, 6 m. S. Colmar. Pop. 1,700. Pfeffers, or Pfafers, v. Switz. in St. Gall, 4 m. S. Sargans. Pftjficon, t. Swiss canton of Zurich, 11 m. E. Zurich. Pop. 2,700. Pfins, small r. Baden, which falls into the Rhine, a mile above Germersheim. Pforten, v. Prussia, 1 1 m. S. Guben,67 N. N.E. Dresden. Pop. 800. Pfortxheim, t. Baden, at the junction of the Wurm and Nagold, 17 m. E. S. E. Carlsruhe, 22 W. N. W. Stutgard. Lon. 8 38' 15'' E. Lat. 48 55'15"N. Pop. 5,400. Pfreimd, t. Bavaria, on the river Nab, 11 m. E. Am berg. Pop. 1,100. Pfulleadorf, t. Baden, 19 m. N. by E. Constance. Pop. 1,500. Pfu/lingen, t. Wirtemberg, 9 m. E. by S. Tu- bingen. Pop. 3,200. P H I Pfunds, v. Austrian states, in Tyrol, on the Inn, 44m. VV. S. W. Inspruck. Pfungstadt, v. Germany, 5 m. S. S. E. Darm- stadt. Pop. 2,100. Pfyn, t. Switz. in Thurgau, 7 m. W. Con- stance. Phalasia. Cape, cape on the E. coast of the isl- and of Negropont. Lon. 23 48' E. Lat. 38 51' N. Phalsbourg, t. France, in Meurthe, 30 m. N. W. Strasburg. Pop. 2,900. Pharsalia, or Pharsa, (an. Pharsalus) t. Greece, in Thessaly. It lies adjacent to the plain so well known for the decisive victory gained by Caesar over Pompey. 18m. S. E. Larissa, 23 N. by W. Zeitun. Pop. 5,000. Pharsalia, p-t. Chenango co. (N. Y.) N. W. of Norwich. Pop. 873. Pheasant's Isle, small isl. in the Bidassao, the river which separates France and Spain. Phelps, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y. 12 m. E. Canan- daigua. Pop. 5,688. Phelps, t. Madison co. Ohio. . Pop. 526. Pherrinterskoi, cape, Eu. Russia, on the E. coast of Nova Zembla. Lon. 77 14' E. Lat. 77 30' N. Philadelphia, t. Rutland co. Vt. 36 m. N. W. Windsor. Pop. in 1810, 205. Philadelphia, t. Jefferson co. N.Y. Philadelphia, co. Pa. bounded N. by Bucks co. E. and S. E. by Delaware river, S. W. by Dela- ware co. and W. by Montgomery co. Pop. 136,273. Philadelphia, the largest town in Pennsylvania, is on the W. bank of Delaware river, which is here seven-eighths of a mile wide, 126 miles from the Atlantic ocean by the course of the bay and river, and about 55 or 60, in a S. E. direction, over land; 300 S.W. Boston ; 90 S.VV. New York ; 100 N. E. Baltimore; 138 N. E. Washington. The form of the ground plot of the proper city is an ob- long, about one mile from N. to S. and two from E. to W. lying in the narrowest part of the isth- mus, between the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers, about 5 miles in a right line above their conflu- ence. The buildings now extend beyond these limits, and occupy a space exceeding 3 miles in length from N. to S and on High or Market street extend from the Delaware to the Schuylkill. All the houses built beyond the boundary line of the oblong city are said to be in the u liberties," as the jurisdiction of the corporation does not extend to that part of the town. Some of the streets in the liberties are irregular, but the city is regularly laid out in streets, which cross each other at right augk-<. Of these, there were originally 9 which extended from the Delaware to the Schuylkill, and which were crossed by 23, running N. and S. The number of squares is 304 ; several of which are intersected by lanes and alleys. Broad street is 113feetwide; High street, 100; Mulberry street, 60; and the other streets, in the original plan, 50 feet wide. The streets are well paved, and are, in err- ii- i 1 kept very clean. The houses are general- ly constructed of brick, three stories high, plain and neat, without much ornament. Philadelphia contained, in 1817, 57 places of public worship, viz. 9 for General Assembly Pres- byterians, 2 for Associate Reformed Presbyteri- :IM-. 1 lor A'-tK-.iiito Presbyterians, I for Reformed nrian', 6 fur ; ;i ns, 6 for Quakers or Fricn \*, 5 for Baptists, 4 for Koman Catholics, 1 for Swedes, 2 for German Lutherans, 1 for Eng- P H I 595 lish Lutherans, 1 for German Presbyterians, 2 for Dutch Reformed Presbyterians, 1 1 for Methodists, 1 for Moravians, 1 for Universalists, 1 for Unitari- ans, 1 for Jews, and I for Swedenborgians. The other public buildings are the state-house, and offices, 2 city court-houses, a county court-house, an university, the Philosophical Society's hall, a public library, an hospital, 3 dispensaries, alms- house, a jail, 10 incorporated banks, 2 dramatic theatres, a medical theatre, the Washington hall, a laboratory, an amphitheatre, 11 brick market-houses, a fish-murket, a house of cor- rection, and 3 powder magazines. The state- hoirse was erected about the year 1753, and its architecture is admired. It now contains Peale's museum, the largest collection of natural curiosi- ties in America. Adjoining it is an inclosed square, ornamented with several rows of trees, so as to form a pleasant promenade. The new bank of Pennsylvania, erected under the "superintend- ance of Mr. Latrobe, is a large and remarkably elegant edifice of marble, of the Ionic order, con- structed after the model of the ancient temple of Minerva, in Greece. The following public build- ings have been recently finished, or arenow(1822) in a state of forwardness : viz. a theatre 100 feet in front and 150 in depth ; the State-prison, an ob- long square 600 feet by 800 ; the First Presbyte- rian church, a beautiful edifice with a portico sup- ported by six Ionic columns and having a, cupola ; St. Stephen's church, a Gothic building of freestone with 2 spires, each 125 feet high ; St. Andrew's church, with an elegant steeple 236 feet in height; the Presbyterian church in Arch street ; the Or- phan Asylum 100 feet in front. The city is sup- plied with water from the Schuylkill. Until lately the water was raised into a reservoir by steam engines at great cost, but a water power is now obtained by the erection of a dam across the river. The new works are capable of throwing into the reservoir from eight to ten million of gal- lons of water for every 24 hours. Among the literary and benevolent institutions are the Philadelphia library, which originated with Dr. Franklin, and was incorporated in 5742. It has more than 12,000 volumes, besides a muse- um and a valuable philosophical apparatus, and is open to the public ; the Philadelphia Athenaeum ; the a cade m)' of natural sciences ; the American Philosophical Society ; the African Se/niv.ary. The Pennsylvania Hospital, established in 1751, is the most respectable institution of the kind in the United States. It has a valuable anatomical museum, a library of nearly 5,000 volume*, and usually about 200 patients, of whom nearly one half are lunatics. In 1816, a handsome building; was erected in the neighborhood of the hospital, to accommodate Mr. West's celebrated painting, representing Christ healing the sick. The pro- fits resulting from the exhibition of the pic- ture have afforded a handsome income to the hospital. The University of Pennsylvania was formed out of two institutions ; one designated by the above name, the other by that of the College, Academy and Charitable Schools of Philadelphia. They now constitute a very respectable seminary, incorporated in 1791, and embracing at present, the four departments of arts, medicine, natural science, and law, in each of which lectures are given. There are four professors in the depart- ment of arts, 5 in that of natural science, 1 in the law department, and 7 in the medical department. 596 P H I The medical department is one of the most flour- ishing institutions of the kind in the world. It has about 500 students from various parts of the U. States, who expend annually at least 150,000 dollars in the city. Philadelphia is the first city in the United States in the variety, extent, and excellence of it? manu- factures. In 1810, the city and county contained 8 cotton manufactories, 23 carding machines, 102 hat manufactories, 20 nail manufactories, 10 gun manufactories, 59 tanneries, 18 distilleries, 17 breweries, 7 paper mills, 27 snuff and tobacco manufactories, 15 ropewalks, 24 brush manufacto- ries, 3 glass works, 14 marble yards, 7 umbrella manufactories, 54 printing-offices, and numerous other manufacturing establishments. The porter brewery rivals that of London. The whole value of the manufactures for the city and county in 1810, was 16,103,869. In this city is the mint of the United States, in which the national money is coined. Printing is carried on here more ex- tensively than in any other place in America. The commerce of Philadelphia is very exten- sive. In amount of shipping, it is the fourth city in the Union. The number of tons in 1816, was 101,830. It imports foreign goods for the greatest part of Pennsylvania, for Delaware, and half of New Jersey ; and is contending with New York, New Orleans and Montreal for the supply of the western states. It is computed that 10 wagons, on an average, leave Philadelphia for Pittsburg, every day, loaded with merchandize, and the an- nual value of the goods thus transported has been estimated at $18,000,000. The Delaware is nav- igable as far as this city for a 74 gun ship, and for sloops to Trenton, 35 miles further. The environs of Philadelphia are pleasant and well cultivated. Towards the north are Ken- sington on the Delaware, well known for ship building ; Germantown, a long and populous village, and Frankford, another vJllage, both within 4 or 5 miles. The country seats are nu- merous. To the south is Darby, a small pleasant town, above 7 miles distant ; and on the Schuyl- kill, a town called Hamilton, near which is the botanical garden of Messrs. Bartrams. In the west, on the same river, 18 acres of ground have been destined for a public botanical garden. The bridge over Schuylkill, opposite to Market street, is a superb structure. Pop. of the city and lib- erties, in 1790, 43,525 ; in 1810, 92,247 ; in 1820, 108,116. Lon.75" 18'W. Lat. 39 57' N. Philadelphia, p-t. Monroe co. Alabama. Philates, or F Halts, t. Eu. Turkey, in Albania, 25 m. W. by S. Joannina. Pop, 2,000. PhilbertdeG rand-Lieu, v. France, on the north- ern bank of the lake of Grand-Lieu, 15 m. S. by W. Nantes. Pop. 2,000. Philiatra, Philialrea, or Filatra, t. Greece, in the Morea, 2 m. from the sea, and 6 S. VV. Arca- dia. Philip Island, isl. in the Pacific ocean, 6 m. S. Norfolk island. Philip Island, small isl. on the S. E. coast of New Holland. Lon. 145 25' E. Lat. 38 33' S. Philip Islands, 2 islands in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 140 3' E. Lat. 8 6' S. Philip Island, isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 143 57' W. Lat. 16 24' S. Philip island, large isl. U. S. in Lake Superior, S. E. of Isle Royal. Philip Port, an inlet on the S. coast of New Holland, 30 miles long, and 36 broad. Lon. of P H I Point Nepean, the E. point of entrance, 144 38' E- Lat. 38 18' S. Philippe, Foft, fort of France, at the mouth of the small river Aa, below Gravelines. Pftilippeau, a bay of Labrador, in the gulf of St. Lawrence, near the straits of Belleisle. Lon. 5540'W. Lat. 51 20' N. P/ii/ippei-Hle, t. Netherlands, in Namur, 22 m. S. by W. Namur, 30 S. E. Mons. Lon. 4 32' 34" E. Lat. 50 11' 19" N. Pop. 1,200. Philippi,t. Eu. Turkey, in Macedon, 8 m. from the sea, and 80 E. by N. Salonica. The adjoining plains are famous as the scene of a battle between Cassius and Brutus on the one side, and Augustus and Mark Anthony on the other. Philippina, t. Mexico, in Guatimala. Lon. 91* 30 W. Lat. 12 50' N. Philippine Bay, or Bahia de Corles, bay on the S. coast of Cuba. Lon. 83 50' W . Lat. 22 N. Philippines, an archipelago in the Eastern seas, consisting of more than 1,200 islandsj of various sizes, on many of which the Spaniards have es- tablishments. They extend from 5 to 20 N. lat. The largest island is Luzon, or Luconia ; to the south of which the principal islands are Mindoro, Panay, Marindique, Negros, Masbate, Zebu, Bo- hol, Leyte, Samar, and Magindanao. The prin- cipal production is rice, which is the chief food of the natives. The tobacco is excellent, and is esteemed the best in Asia. The exports are birds' nests, cassia, gold dust, pepper, rattan?, sago, tortoise shell, wax, wild honey, amber, marble, tar, brimstone, and many other articles of inferior note. These islands were first dis- covered by Magellan, in 1521. In 1570, a set- tlement was effected at the mouth of the Manilla river. The piratical cruizers from Magindanao and Sooloo are constantly plundering the coast of the Philippines, capturing vessels, burning towns, and massacreing the inhabitants. Pop. 3,000,000. Philippines, New. See Pelew Islands. Philippopoli, or Filibe, t. Eu. Turkey, in Mace- don, on an island formed by the Marizza, 95 m. W. N. W. Adrianople, 225 W. N. W. Constanti- nople. Pop. 30,000. P/tilipsburg, t. Germany, in Baden, near the Rhine. It was once one of the strongest places in Germany. 5 m. S. Spire, 14 N. Carlsruhe. Pop. 1,100. Philipsburgh, t. Bedford co. Lower Canada, on the E. side of Missisque Bay, about one mile from the boundary line between Lower Canada and the United States. It contains about 60 houses. Philipslad, t. Sweden, in Wermeland, 35 m. N. E. Carlstadt. Philipsthal, t. Germany, on the Werra, 38 m. S. S. E. Cassel. Philipstown y t. Ireland, in King's co. 38 m. W. Dublin. Phillips, p-t. Somerset co. Maine, on the W. side of the Kennebec, 40 m. N. Norridgewock. Pop. 624. Phillips, r. New Hampshire, which unites with Hi- I i 'I-M- Arnoonoosuc, in Piercy. Plullijix, co. Arkansas Territory, in the N. E. part, on the .Mi.^isxippi and the St. Francis rivers. Pop. 1,201. Slaves 145. Engaged in agriculture 3*>l, in commerce 4, in manufactures 9. The chief town is Helena, situated on the Mississippi, 12 m. below the mouth of the St. Francis. Phillipsburg, p-v. Orange co. N. Y. P I A Phillipsburg, p-t. Centre co. Pa. Phillipsburg, t. Sussex co. N. J. on the Dela- ware, opposite to Easton, 41 m. N. W. Trenton. Phillipsburg. t. Jefferson co. Ohio, on Ohio river, opposite Wellsburg, Va. 7 m. S. Steuben- ville. Phillipston, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 32 m. N. W. Worcester. Pop. 916. Phillipslown, p-t. Putnam co. N.Y. on the Hud- son, opposite West Point. Here are a foundry and boring mill. Pop. 3,733. Phillipsville, p-v. Feliciana co. Louisiana. Philokia, or Filoki, t. Eu. Turkey, on the E. side of the gulf of Arta, 16 m. S. by E. Arta, 56 S. by E. Joannina. Phipps, Cape, cape on the N.W. coast of Amer- ica, at the entrance into Behring's bay. Lon.l40 W. Lat.5936'N. Phipsburg, p-t. Lincoln co. Maine, on the Ken- nebec, 20 m. S. W. Wiscasset. Pop. 1,119. Phloka, v. Greece, in the Morea, 8 m. S. E. Prygo. P hoiide, t. Eng. in Derbyshire, 6 m. from Chap- el-in-le-Frith. Pop. 1,286. Physgtah, v. Algiers, 15m. from Constantina. Piacenza, or Placentia, t. Italy, in Parma, in an extensive plain, near the Po. Without being a place of strength, it is surrounded by earthen ramparts and defended by a castle. 32 m. W. N. W. Parma, 34 S. E Milan. Lon. 9 42' E. Lat. 452TN. Pop. 20,000. Piacenza, or the Piacentino, dutchy of Italy, in the States of Parma, extending from the Appe- nines to the Po. 36 miles long from N. to S. and from 10 to 18 broad. Piadena, t. Austrian Italy, 16 m. W. Mantua. Pialapore, t. Bengal, in Dacca. Lon. 90 8' E. Lat. 23 35' N. Pialni/, L India, in Dindigul. Lon. 77 37' E. Lat. 10 28' N. Piano, de Greci, t. Sicily, 16 m. S. W. Palermo. Pianella,t. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, on the Pescara, 2 m. S. W. Chieta. Pop. 3,200. Pianezza, t. Piedmont, 9 m. W. Turin. Pop. 2,000. Piankatank, r. Va. which runs into the Chesa- peake, opposite Guinn's island. It is navigable 8 miles for small craft. Pianoza, small isl. belonging to Tuscany, be- tween Elba and Corsica, anciently called Planauta, and used by the Romans as a place of exile. Lon. 1050'E. Lat. 42 42' N. Piasanskoi, Verschnti, v. Russia, in Tobolsk, near the Frozen sea, 460 m. N. Turuchansk. Piasas, r. Illinois, which runs into the Missis- sippi. Piastla, r. Mexico, which enters the Pacific ocean, in lat. 23iN. Pialra, t. Moldavia, on the Bistritza, 70 m. S.W. Plate, r. Austrian Italy, which divides into two branches, and runs into the Adriatic, N. E. of Venice. It is navigable from Naventa, 86 miles. Piave, t. Italy, in the dutchy of Modena, 30 m. S. by W. Modena. PUHI; r. Mr-xic.o, which runs into the bay of Honduras, in Ion. 85 50' W. lat. 15 52' N. Pinzida, r. A. Russia, which rises in Tomsk, and after a course of 300 miles, runs into the Fro- zen ocean, in Ion 87 14' E. lat. 73 30' N. Piazza, t. Sicily, in the Val di Noto, 37 m. W. P I C 597 by S. Catania, 80 S. E. Palermo. Lon. 14 22' E. Lat. 37 23' N. Pop. 13,500. PicdeVEtoile, Le, small isl. in the S. Pacific ocean, one of the New Hebrides. Lon. 168 9' E. Lat. 14 29' S. Pic du Midi, Le, one of the highest mountains on the French side of the Pyrennees, more than 9,500 feet above the level of the sea. It is 30 m. S. Pau. 75 from Fontarabia. Pica, r. Peru, which runs into the Pacific ocean, forming a harbor at its mouth, in lat. 20 12-' 3. Picardy, formerly a province in the N. of France, bounded by the English channel on the W. and the Netherlands on the E. It now forms the department of the Somme, and part of the de- partments of the Oise, Aisne, and Pas de Calais. Pichincha, a very lofty mountain and volcano of Quito, in S. America, on the skirt of which stands the capital. Lat. 1 1' S. Pick, r. Up. Canada, wnich runs into Lake Su- perior, in Ion. 86 4' W. lat. 48* 28' N. Pickaway, co. in the central part of Ohio. Pop. 13,149. Engaged in agriculture 3,105, in com- merce 16, in manufactures 209. Chief town, Middle Smithfield. Pickaway plains, in this county, lie S. of Circleville. They are 7 miles long and 3 broad, and are very fertile. Here is a post-office. Pickaway, t. Pickaway co. Ohio, on the Scioto, 7 m. below Circleville. Pop. 1,908. Pickensmlle, p-t. Peridleton co. S. C. on the Sa- luda, 124m. W. N. W. Columbia. Pickering, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 26 m. N. E. York, 223 N. by W. London. Lon. 48' W. Lat. 54 15' N. Pop. 715. Pickering, t. York co. Up. Canada, on Lake On- tario, E. of York. Pickersgil Cove, harbour in Christmas sound, 5 m. N. N. E. York Minster. Pickersgill Harbour, port, New Zealand, on the S. shore of Dusky bay. Lon. 166 18' E. Lat. 45 47' S. Pickersgill Island, small isl. near the S. coast of the island of Georgia. Lon. 36 42' W. Lat. 54 47' S. Pico, isl. one of the Azores. It is about 25 miles long and 8 wide and consists almost entirely of one mountain rising to the height of 9,000 feet, while its sides are covered with vineyards. It yields annually about 5,000 pipes of wine. Pop. estimated at 24,000. Lon. 28 16' to 28 44' W. Lat. 38 30' 55 V to 38 38' 15 V N. Pico, or Sierra de Pico, a mountain range of Spain, in Estremadura, which extends to the fron- tiers of New and Old Castile, and the province of Leon. Picolata, ancient fort, Florida, on the E. side of the St. John's, 20 m. from St. Augustine, and 80 from the mouth of the river. Picquet Berg, district in Africa, 90 m. N. Cape Town. Piclou, small isl. Nova Scotia, in the straits of Northumberland, at the S. extremity of the gulf of St. Lawrence, 8 m. S. St. John's island, 58 E. Bay Verte. Lon. 62 13' W. Lat. 45 46' N. Piclou, town. See Tinsmouth. P ids' 1 Wall, a celebrated barrier in England, raised by the Romans against the incursions of the Picts and Scots, and of which some remains are yet visible. It extended across the island, from 598 P I E the Solway frith, by Carlisle and Newcastle, to the mouth of the Tyne. Pictured rocks, INIichigau, on the S. shore of Lake Superior. They consist of a series of rocks rising perpendicularly from the lake, and worn by the action of the waves into the most grotesque forms. They commence 108 m. VV. Point aux Pins and extend 12 miles along the shore of the lake. Pi di Luco, t. Italy, in the States of the Church, 13 m. S. by E. Spoleto, 46 N. by E Rome. Piedmont, the principal province of the conti- nental states of the king of Sardinia, forming theN. W. portion of Italy, having France on the W. and Lombardy on the E. Extent, nearly 13,000 square miles. It is very fertile, the soil consisting for the most part of a rich sandy loam, which, with the aid of extensive irrigation, pro- duces abundant crops. The plains yield wheat, rye. barley, and maize ; and in the lower grounds rice is cultivated to a great extent. The exports consist of silk, partly raw and partly manufactur- ed, wine, fruit, hides, wool and butter. Pop. 1,750,000, who are all Catholics, with the excep- tion of 20,000 Waldenses. Piedra Blanco, isl. off the coast of Mexico, at the mouth of the Rio Grande de Santiago. Lon. 105 17' VV. Lat.2133'N. Piedra, Punta, de, cape on the N. W. coast of Yucatan. Lon. 9 1 10' VV. Lat. 21 3' N. Piedras, Punta de, cape, on the S. coast of Cu- ba. Lon. 84 W. Lat. 15 50' N, Pielis-Yervi, lake of Finland, 67 miles long, and from 6 to 14 broad. It communicates with the Lake Orovesi. Pienza, t. Tuscany, 45 m. S. Florence. Piercers hland, small isl. N. H. in Piscataqua harbour. On this island is Fort Washington. Pierced Islands. See Percee. Piercy, t. Coos co. N. H. 20m. N. Concord. Pop. 2 18. Piermontj p-t. Grafton co. N. H. on Connecti- cut river. Pop. 1,016. Pierpont, p-t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. Pop. 235. Pierpont, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, 9 m. E. Jeffer- son. Pop. 213. Pierre, t. France, in Saone-and-Loire, 20 m. N. Louhans, 21 N. E. Chalons. Pop. 1,500. Pierre, Fonts, t. France, in Oise, 9 m. S. E. Compeigne. Pop. 1,300. Pierre d^Oleron, t France, on the island of Ole- ron, 6 m. N. W. Olerori. Pop. 3,000. Pierrefort, t. France, in Cantal, 8 m. E. Auril- lac. Pop. 1,300. Pierrelatte, t. France, in Drome, 14 m. S. by W. Moutelimart, 40 S. Valence. Pop. 2,800. Pierreport, or Pierre pertuis, an artificial pass in Mount Jura, 8 m. N. W. Bienne. Pierrcville, seignury, Buckingham co. Lower Canada, on the St. Francis river, 10 m. above its mouth. Pietola, v. .Austrian Italy, the birth-place of Virgil, 2 m. from Mantua. Pietra, s-p. Genoa, 16 m. S. VV. Savona. Pop. 1,700. Pietra Mala, t. Italy, in Tuscany, 24 m. N. by W. Florence. Pietra JVera, small place of Naples, in Calabria Ultra, on the sea coast, 12 m. S. W. Nicotera, 22 N. by E. Reggio. Pietra Santa, t. Tuscany, 6 m. S. E. M-; N. by W. Leghorn. P I L Piece di Sacco, t. Austrian Italy, 10 m. S. lv Padua. Pop. 5, 100. Pieux, t. France, in La Manche, 9 m. S. W. Cherburg, 12 VV. Valognes. Pop. 1,300. Pigeon Island, small isl. in the Eastern sea?, near the coast of Canara. Lon. 74 5' E. Lat. 14' 2' N. Pigeon River, r. Tennessee, which runs into French Broad river, 34 m. above its mouth, and 6 above the mouth of the Nolachucky. The mouth of Little Pigeon river is 9 miles below. Pigtta, t. Piedmont, 9 m. N. E. Vintimiglia, 20 N. K. Nice. Pop. 2,300. Pignan,i. France, in Herault, 12 m. W. Mont- pelicr. Pop. 1,500. Pignans, t. France, in Var, 12 m. S. E. Brig- nolles, 23 N. E. Toulon. Pop. 2,300. Pignerol. See Pinerolo. Pigot, Point, the N. point at the entrance into Passage canal, in Prince William's sound. Lon. 21216i'E. Lat. 60 47' N. - Pig point, p-v. Ann-Arundel co. Md. Pigwacket, or Ktarsargc, mt. N. H. in Coos co. lying between Bartlett and Chatham. Pike, p-t. Genesee co. N. Y. Pike, t Alleghany co. N. Y. Pop. 1,622. Pike, co. Pa. separated from Wayne county. Pop. 2,894. Engaged in agriculture 1,534, in commerce 37, in manufactures 382. Pike, t. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 645. Pike, t. Bradford co. Pa. Pop. 689. Pike, t. Clearfield co. Pa. Pop. 762. Pike, co. Mississippi, bordering on Louisiana. Pop. 4,438. Slaves 994. Engaged in agriculture 1,442, in commerce 12, in manufactures 43. Chief town, Holmesville. Pike, t. and cap. Bledsoe co. E. Tennessee, E. S. E. Murfreesbcrough. Pike, co. Ohio, on both sides of Scioto river. It has Scioto county S. Ross E. and N. and Highland W. Pop. 4,253. Engaged in agriculture 764, in commerce 6, in manufactures 92. Chief town. Piketon. Pike, t. Clark co. Ohio. Pop. 536. Pike, t. Coshocton co. Ohio. Pop. 390. Pike, t. Knox co. Ohio. Pop. 376. Pike, t. Madison co. Ohio. Pop. 344. Pike, t. Perry co. Ohio, 10 m. S. E. Somerset Pop. 647. Pike, t. Starke co. Ohio. Pop. 883. Pike, t. Wayne co. Ohio, 10 m. S. W. Wooster. Pop. 514. Pike, co. Indiana. Pop. 1,472. At the Court House is a post-office. Pike, co. Illinois, comprises the military boun- ty lands, lying between the Illinois and the Missis- sippi. Pop. 3,747. Slaves 676. Engaged in agriculture 1,073, in commerce 6, in manufac- tures 21. The seat of justice is at Colesville. Pike., co. Missouri. Chief town, Louisiana. Pikeland, t. Chester co. Pa. on the Schuylkill. Pop. 1,221. Pike Run, t. Washington co. Pa. Pop. 1,967. Pikcsville, p-v. Baltimore co. Md. Piketon, p-t. and cap. Pike co. Ohio, on the Sci- oto, 19 m. below Chillicothe. Pop. 275. Pikeville, p-v. Rhea co. Ten. PUayojt Paspaya, or Cinti, a province of Bue- nos Ayres, bounded N. by Tominaand Pomabam- ba. E. by the Chiriguanos Indian?, and W. and S. by Porco arid Chichas. Pop. 12,000. PIN -uwiH, r. S. America, in the viceroyalty of nos Ayres, which rises in the Andes, near Po- tosi, and running S. E. falls into the Paraguay by two mouths below the city of Assumption, after a course of about 900 miles. Pilesgrove, t. Salem co. N. J. Pop. 2,012. Pilgrims, small isl. Lower Canada, in the St. Lawrence, 103 m. below Quebec. Pi/gram, t. Bohemia, 57 m. S. S. E. Prague, 23 E. Tabor. Pop. 2,500. Pilibeet, t. and fortress, Hind, in Delhi, and dis- trict of Bareily, on the E. bank of the Gowrah. Lon. 79 45 ' E. Lat. 28 39' N. Pilica, r. Poland, which falls into the Vistula a few miles from Czersk. Pilica, t. Poland, 28 m. N. by W. Cracow. Pop. 1,900. Pilkallen, t. East Prussia, 17 m. N. E. Gumbin- nen. Lon. 22 30' E. Lat. 54 46' N. Pilkington, L Eng. in Lancashire, 4i m. S. S. W. Bury. Pop. 7,353. Pill. t. Eng. in Somersetshire with a toad for shipping about 4m. below Bristol. Pillar, Cape, on the S. E. coast of Van Diemen's Land. Lon. 148 8' E. Lat. 43' 12* S. Pillar, Cape, on the N. W. coast of Terra del Fuego, forming the S. W. point of entrance into the Straits of Magellan from the Pacific ocean. Lon. 76 40' W. Lat. 52 45' S. Pillau, s-p. E. Prussia, at the extremity of a narrow peninsula, between the Baltic and the Frische Haff. The town is open, but adjoining to it is a regular fortress, considered the key to this part of Prussia on the sea side. The harbour, which serves as the port of Konigsberg, is commo- dious, but has only 12 feet water. 22 m. W. S. W. Kouigsberg. Lon. 19 52' E. Lat. 54 33' N. Pop. 3,000. Pillcre, t. Hind, in Golcondah. Lon. 79 5' E. Lat. 13 32' N. Pilnits, v. Saxony, on the Elbe, 4 m. E. S. E. Dresden. Pilsen, a circle in Bohemia, adjoining Bavaria. Area, 1,600 square miles. Pop. nearly 170,000. Pilsen, the chief town of the above circle, is at the junction of the Misa and the Radbusa, on the great road from Nuremburg to Prague, 44 m. S. Prague. The chief manufactures are woollens, cottons, and leather. It is fortified. Pop. 7,400. Pilsno, t. Austrian Poland, 60 m. E. Cracow. Pop. 1,600. Pilten, t. Russia, in Courland, 20 m.N. W. Gol- dingen, 80 W. by N. Riga. Pihcara, t. Hind, in Ajmeer. Lon. 74 25' E. Lat. 25 19' N. Piment, Port, v. St. Domingo, 8 leagues E. by S. Tiburon. Pinagra, t. India, in Baramahal. Lon. 78 8' E. Lat. 12 6' N. Pinang, Pulo. See Prince of Wales Island. Pinar, Cape, cape on the N. E. coast of Major- ca, Lon. 3 13' E. Lat. 39 53 N. Pinas, Point, point on the coast of New Cali- fornia. Lon. 288 22' E. Lat. 36 38' N. Pinckney, p-t. Lewis co. N. Y. Pop. 507. Pincknei/srille, p-t. and cap. Union district, S. C. on Broad river, 75 m. N. N. W. Columbia. Ptndbuyw/fe, p-v. Wilkinson co. Mississippi, about 5 m. E. of the Mississippi. Pincztluly, t. Hungary, 35m. S. Stuhl-Weis- emberg. Pncsow, t. Poland, on the Nidda, 4) m N E. Cracow. Pop. |,MX>. P I N 599 Pinda, s-p. Congo, in Africa. Lon. 18 28' S. Pindarees, a warlike race of people, Hind, oc- cupying the mountainous country along the N. side of the Nerbuddah. Pindus, now called Mcszovo, chain of mountains in the N. of Greece, extending from E. to W. and separating Thessaly from Albania. Part of this chain is of the height of 6,000 or 7,000 feet. Pine, t. Alleghany co. Pa. Pop. 795. Pine, t. Lycoming co. Pa. Pop. 428. Pine bush, p-v. Ulster co. N. Y. Pine, Cape, cape on the S. coast of Newfound- land. Lon. 52 20' W . Lat. 46 42 ' N. Pine Creek, r. Pa. which runs into the W. branch of the Susquehannah, 12 m. W. Lycoming creek. Pine Creek, t. Jefferson co. Pa. Pop. 356. Pine Grove, t. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 1,868. Pine Grove Mills, p-v. Centre co. Pa. Pine Hill, p-v. York district, S. C. Pine River, r. N. H. which flows into Ossipee lake. Pine river, r. which rises in Missouri, and flow- ing S. about 200 miles, falls into White river. Pine River, r. Missouri Territory, which rises near Leech Lake and after a course of 150 miles during which it expands into several small lakes joins the Mississippi by a mouth 60 yards wide in Ion. 9530'W. lat.46N. Pinega, t. Eu. Russia, 78 m. E. by S. Archan- gel. Pinerolo, or Pignerol, t. Italy, in Piedmont, on the Clusone, 22 m. S. S. W. Turin. Lon. 8 19' E. Lat. 44 37' N. Pop. 10,000. Pines, Pines, or Pinas. See Pinos. Pines, Island of, isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 16738 / E. Lat. 22 38' S. Pinerille, p-v. Charleston district, S. C. 40 m, from Charleston. Here is an academy. Piney creek, small r. Arkansas, which enters the N. side of the Arkansas, above the mouth of the Illinois. Piney Luxembourg, t. France, in Aube, 12 nu N. E.froyes. Pop. 1,400. Piney grove, p-v. Southampton co. Va. Pinhel, t. Portugal, in Beira, 7 m. N. E. Almei- da, and 45 S. E. Lamego. Lon. 6 44' W. Lat. 40 33' N. It is a bishop's see. Pop. 1,600. Pinkafeld, or Pinkafey, t. Hungary, 10 m. W. Stein-Am- Anger. Pop. 1,700. Pinnacle Island, isl. of the Pacific ocean. Lon. 186" 40' E. Lat. 60 25' N. Pinnacle Point, point on the S. P E. coast of Al- ashka. Lon. 198 5' E. Lat. 55 10' N. Pinne, t. Prussian Poland, 28 m. W. Posen. Pop. 1,100. Pinneberg, district of Denmark, "in the dutchy of Holstein. Area, 193 square miles. Pop. 40,000. Its chief town, Pinneberg, is 8 m. N. W. Ham- burgh. Pinner, t. Eng. in Middlesex, 3 m. N. W. Har- row on the Hill. Pop. 1,078. Pinos, isl. of the Atlantic ocean, off the coast of Darien, 115m. E. S. E. Rio Velo. Lon. 77 39' W. Lat. 8 57' N. Pinos, isl. near the S. coast of Cuba, from which it is separated by a channel 16 leagues long, and 6 wide. It is 42 miles long and 34 broad. Lon. 82 45' W. Lat. 21 38' N. Pinsk, t Russian Lithuania, in Minsk. It is the see of a bishop of the Greek church. 84 m. E. Brzeze, 100 S. S. E. Grodno. Lon. 25 53' E. Lat. 600 P I R P I S j t. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria, 23 m. S. by W. Nicopolis, 66 N. E. Sophia. Piolone, or Pioleng, t. France, in Vauclu^e, 3m. N. W. Orange, 18 N. Avignon. Pop. 1,700. Piomba, r. Naples, in the Abruzzo Ultra, which falls into the Adriatic, in Ion. 13 9' W. lat. 42 56' N. Piombino, principality of Italy, in Tuscany, be- tween the provinces of Pisa and Sienna. Extent, 190 square miles. Pop. 18,000. Annual revenue 8,000/. Piombino t t. Italy, cap. of the preceding princi- pality, is on a rocky promontory opposite the isl- and of Elba. 40 m. S. by E. Leghorn, 60 S. W. Florence. Lon. 10 31' 2" E. Lat. 42 55' 27" N. Pop. 4,000. Pionsat, t. France, in Puy de Dome, 26 m. N. W. Riom, 30 N. W. Clermont. Pop. 1,700. Piontek, t. Poland, on the Bsura, 60 m. W. by S. Warsaw. Pop. 1,000. Pioria, lake, Illinois, an expansion of Illinois river, 20 miles long and l broad, except at Little Detroit, where it is \ of a mile. At the foot of the lake stands Fort Clark on the W. bank. Piossasco, t. Piedmont, 10 m. W. S. W. Turin. Pop. 3,200. Pipe Creek, small r. Ohio, which falls into Lake Erie in Sandusky bay. Pipe Creek, t. Huron co. Ohio. Piperno, t. Italy, in the States of the Church, 9 m. N. N. VV. Terracina, 38 S. S. W. Rome. Pipley, t. Hind, in Bengal, on the E. bank of the Subanreeka river, about 10 miles from the sea. Lon. 87 25' E. Lat 21.42 / N. Pipley, t. Hind, in Orissa, 30 m. S. Cuttack. Piplinid, t. Hind, in Khandeish. Lon. 76 35' E. Lat. 21 44' N. Pipriac, t. France, in Ille-and-Vilaine, 14 m. N. Redom,28 S. VV. Rennes. Pop. 1,600. Piqua, p-t. Miami co. Ohio, on the Great Mi- ami, 130 m. from its mouth, 8 N. Troy, 69 W. Columbus. Pop. 350. Here is a printing-of- fice. Piquica, port of Peru, 85 m. S. W. Atacames. Lat. 27 S. Pira, r. New Granada, which divides Santa Martha from Rio del Hacha, and falls into the Caribbean sea, in lat. 11 18' N. Pirano, t. Austrian lllyria, on a narrow tongue of land which runs into the sea. 14 m. S. S. VV. Trieste. Lon. 13 34' 34" E. Lat. 45 29' 22" N. Pop. 6,200. Pirauschta, See Philippi. Pirayu, parish of Paraguay, 26 m. S. E. Assump- tion. Lon. 57 15' W. Lat. 25 29' S. Pirayx, r. Peru, which enters the Guapay, 54 m. from Santa Cruz de la Sierra. Piremedi. See Argyro Castro. Pirgo, or Pirgos, t. Eu. Turkey, in Albania, on the sea coast, 26 m. S. by E. Durazzo, 28 N. Av- lona. Pirhala,t. Hind, in Lahore. Lon. 71 48' E. Lat. 32 25' N. Piribebui, parish of Paraguay, 32 m. S. E. As- sumption. Lon. 57 4' VV. Lat. 25 27' S. Pirir.a, r. which rises in Guiana, and lalls into the Comewina, 20m. before its junction with the Surinam. Pirislina, or Prislina, t. Eu. Turkey, in Roma- nia. It is the seat of a Greek bishop. 118m. E. Ragusa, 64 N. N. W. Uscup. Pop. 10,000. Pirilu, province of New Granada, bound^'l K. by Venezuela. Its length of coast is 70 leagues. Piritu, t. and cap. of a province in New Grana- da, 15 m. from Barcelona. Pop. 1,600. Pirilu, 2 small uninhabited islands off the coast of Caraccas, between Cape Unare and Barcelona. Lon. 65 26' W. Lat. 10 10' N. Pirits, t. Pomerania, 12 m. S. Stargard. Pirjalin, t. Eu. Russia, in Pultava, 78 m. E* Kiev. Pirmasens, t. Bavarian province of the Rhine, 13 m. E. S. E. Deux Fonts, 35 VV. Spire. Pop. in 1820,3,200. Pirna, t Saxony, on the Elbe, 9 m. S. E. Dres- den. Pop. 3,800. Pirnitz, or Brtnitz, t. Austrian states, in Mora- via, 43 m. W. Brunn, 5 S. S. E. Iglau. Pop. 2,300. Pirra, t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, 33 m. S. W. Larissa, 40 S. E. Joannina. Pirusia, r. Quito, which takes the name of Rio Blanca, and joins the Guallabamba to form the river Esmeraldas, in lat 027 N. Pisa, city in the grs.nd dutchy of Tuscany, on the Arno, in an extensive and richly cultivated plain. The university of Pisa is one of the oldest in Italy, and was a long distinguished nursery of literature. It is still accounted the seat of Tuscan education. It has 4 colleges with 40 professors. The fortifications of Pisa consist of a wall and a ditch, together with a castle and a modern citadel. It is the see of an archbishop. It stands 8 miles from the mouth of the river, 13 N. by E. Leghorn, 30 W. Florence. Lon. 10 24' E. Lat. 43 43' N Pop. 17,000. Pisania, t. W. Africa, on the N. bank of the Gambia, near its mouth. Lon. 13 30' W. Lat. 13 30' N. Piscadore Islands, islands in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 192 30' to 193 W. Lat. 1 1 to 1 1 20' N. Pescadores, or Fishers, 2 rocks on the coast of Peru. Lat. 16 48' S. Piscadores, rocks near the coast of Peru, 5 m. N. N. W. Callao. Lat. 12 14' S. Piscasick, r. N. H. which joins the Lamprey, in Durham. Piscataqua, r. N. II. which rises in the town of Wakefield, and running S. S'. E. about 40 miles, falls into the Atlantic below Portsmouth, forming during its whole course the boundary between Maine and New Hampshire. From its source to the lower falls at Berwick, it is called Salmon fall river ; thence to the junction of the Cocheco, a western tributary, it assumes the name of Newich- awannoc, and thence to the ocean it is called the Piscataqua. The principal western branch is formed by Swamscot river, which comes from Exeter, Winnicot river, which comes through Greenland, and Lamprey river, which divides Newmarket from Durham; all of which meet in Great bay, 4 miles wide. The water, in its fur- ther progress, is contracted into a less bay where it receives Oyster river from the north, and at length falls into the Piscataqua at Hilton's point. The tide rises into all these bays and branches as far as the lower falls in each river, where conve- nient trading places have been established which have communication with Portsmouth by every tide. From Hilton's point to the ocean, a dis- tance of 7 miles, the river is so rapid that it never Pifcalaquu, r. Maine, a Large W. branch of the 't, which it joins 20m. above Bangor. Piscataf/unu, r. N. H. which runs E. S. E. and joins the Merrimack, in Bedford. P I T Piscataway, t. Middlesex co. N. J. on the Rari- tan, 3i m. N. E. New Brunswick, 74 S. W. Eliza- bethtown. Pop. 2,648. Piscataway, p-t. Prince George co. Md. on the Piscataway, 16 m. N. Port Tobacco, 18 S. Wash- ington, 67 S. W. by S. Baltimore. Piscataway, r. Md. which runs into the Potomac, at Digge's point, 8 m. below Alexandria. Piscinola, t. Naples, near the capital. Pop. 1,700. Pisciot(a,i. Naples, in Principato Citra, 19m. W. Policastro. Pop. 2,700. Pisco, s-p. Peru, with a good port. The road is capacious enough to hold a royal navy. 118m. S. Lima. Lon. 76 9' W. Lat. 13" 46' S. Piscopia, or Episcopi, t. Cyprus, supposed to be on the site of the ancient Curias. Pop. 700. Piscopi, small isl. in the Mediterranean, 16 m. N.W. Rhodes. Lon. 27 9' E. Lat. 36 34' N. Pop. 700. Piseck, t. Bohemia, 53 m. S. by W. Prague. Pop. 3,900. Pisig, small isl. in the Eastern seas. Lon. 125 1' E. Lat. 2 20' N. Pisino. See Milterberg. Pisogne, t. Austrian Italy, 19 m. N. by W. Brescia. Pop 2,000. Pisos, t. France, in Landes,29m. N.W. Tartas. Pop. 1,600. Piftoja, t. Italy, in the grand dutchy of Tuscany, near the Ombrone. 14 m. N. N. W. Florence, 42 S. S. W. Bologna. Lon. 10 58' E. Lat. 43 57' N. Pop. 10,000. Pistolet, bay at the N. end of Newfoundland, setting up from the straits of Belleisle, between Cape Norman and Burnt cape, 3 leagues apart. Pisuerga, r. Spain, which falls into the Duero near Valladolid. Pitca.irri's Island, isl. in the S. Pacific ocean, without river or harbor, but with a fertile soil, and fine climate. About 30 years ago it was settled by the mutineers of the English ship Bounty, who took with them several Otaheitan women, and their descendants form a very inter- esting colony. Their number in 1822 was 53 For a further account of this singular settlement, see Quarterly Review, vol. 13. Lon. 130 21' W. Lat. 25 ^s. Pitcaithly, or Pitkeathly, v. Scotland, in Perth- shire, noted for its mineral waters. Pitch landing, i. Hertford co. N. C. on Wicka- con creek, 25 m. N. W. Edenton. It exports an- nually considerable quantities of tar, turpentine, and lumber. Piteschi, t. Eu. Turkey, in Wallachia, 50 m. N. W. Bucharest. Pithea, s-p. Sweden, in West Bothnia, 115 m. N. N. E. Umea. Lat. 65 10' 30" N. Pop. 800. Pithea Lappmark, one of the divisions of Swe- dish Lapland, extending along the river Pithea. Pop. 1,045. Pithirier$, t. France, in Loiret, 21 m. E. N. E. Orleans, 23 N. W. Montargis. PithyusK Isles, a group of islands in the Medi- terranean, of which the principal is Ivica. They belong to Spain. Piligliano, t. Tuscany, 54 m. S. S. E. Sienna. Pop. 2,000. Pitleme, v. Scotland in Fifeshire, 4 m. W. Cu- par. Piton Point, Great, the S. W. point of the isl- and of St. Lucia, in the West Indies. 76 P I T 601 Pitschen, t. Prussian States, 50 m. E. Breslaw, 10 N. Creutzburg. Pop. 1,200. Pitt, t. Alleghany co. Pa. 4 or 5 m. from Pitts- burg. Pop. 4,381. Pitt, co. N. C. Pop. 10,001. Slaves 4,241. Engaged in agriculture 3,205, in commerce 26, in manufactures 61. Greenville is the chief town. Pitt, Cape, cape on the N. W. coast of America, in Dixon's Entrance. Lon. 132 10' W. Lat. 54 50' N. Pitt, Cape, cape on the S. coast of New Geor- gia. Lon. 158 29' E. Lat. 8 55' S. Pitt's Island, small isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon, 19314'E. Lat. 11 50' S. Pitt's Straits, straits which separate the islands of Salwatty and Battanta, at the W. extremity of New Guinea, about 30 miles long, and 6 broad. Piltari, Cape, cape of Italy, on the W. coast of Calabria, in the straits of Messina. Lon. 15 59' E. Lat. 37 59' N. Pitten, or Pulten, t. Austria, 9 m. S. Ebenfurth. Pop. 1,200. Pitlenweem, a royal burgh, and sea-port, Scot- land,^ Fife co. on the N. side of the Frith of Forth, 24 m. N. E. Edinburgh. Lon. 2 45' W. Lat. 56 13' N. Pitti, small isl. in the straits of Malacca. Lon. 10129'E. Lat. 2 N. Pittsborough, p-t. and cap. Chatham co. N. C. It contains a court-house, a jail, an academy, and 40 or 50 houses. It has an elevated and healthy situation, and is much resorted to from the low country during the summer months. 36 m. S. W. Raleigh, 54 N. N W. Fayetteville. Pittsburg, t. Frontenac co. Up. Canada, on the river St. Lawrence. Pittsburg, city, and cap. Alleghany co. Pa. is advantageously situated in a plain, between the Alleghany and Monongahela rivers, at the point where they unite to form the Ohio. By means of Alleghany rivers and its branches, Pittsburg has a water communication with the western part of New York, and boats can approach within a few miles of Lake Erie. By the Monongahela and a good turnpike road, it is connected with Balti- more, and by the Ohio it has an easy intercourse with the western states. It is also connected with Philadelphia by an excellent turnpike road. These advantages have made Pittsburg the centre of a great commerce. At the same time all the coun- try around the city, including eight or nine coun- ties, is one great bed of fossil coal, and the hills and banks of the rivers within sight of the town, are full of that mineral. Hence the city and its suburbs are admirably situated for such manufac- turing establishment as require the use of large quantities of fuel. A great many such establish- ments have accordingly been erected. Here are 8 steam mills ; 5 glass-houses, in which every kind of glass, from a porter bottle or window pane, to the most elegant cut crystal glass is manufactur- ed, to the amount of 200,000 dollars annually ; 4 air furnaces ; 3 breweries ; numerous flour mills, potteries, forges, blast furnaces, rolling mills, slit- ting mills, distilleries, and other mills and manu- factories, too numerous to be particularized. The amount of merchandize which passes through the city, in the course of the year, is estimated at $20,000,000. Pittsburg contains a court-house, jail, national armory, 4 banks, 4 printing offices, and 8 houses 602 P I Z of public worship. The ground plan of the city is nearly in the form of a triangle, at the confluence of the two rivers, and is now nearly filled with houses. A suburb has been laid out on the Alle- ghany, called the northern liberties, and another on the Monongahela. There are 4 other villages, which are virtually suburbs of Pittsburg : Alle- ghany, upon a fine second bottom of Alleghany river, opposite the city ; Lawrence ville, 2 miles above, and upon the same side of the Alleghany with the city ; Birmingham, on the left bank of the JVJonongahela ; and a street running along the left bank of the Monongahela, opposite Pittsburg. Two bridges connect the city with the opposite banks of the Alleghany and Monongahela. Trav- ellers are almost always disappointed on entering this town ; and it is by no means a pleasant place to a stranger. The constant volumes of smoke from the consumption of so much coal in the va- rious manufactories, fill the air with a continual cloud of coal dust. Pop. 7,248. 230 m. W. N. W. Baltimore, 297 W. by N. Philadelphia, and about 2,000 by the course of the Ohio and Missis- sippi above New Orleans. Lat. 40 31' 44" N. Lon.808' VV. Pittxtield, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 12 m. N. W. Concord. Pop. 1,173. Pittsfield, p-t. Rutland co. Vt. 31 m. N. W. Windsor. Pop. 459. Pitlsfield, p-t. Berkshire co. Mass, pleasantly situated on the Housatonnuc, 6 m. N. Lenox, 38 E. S. E. Albany, 40 "W. Northampton, 137 W. Boston. It is a flourishing town, and contains a bank ; 3 houses ol public worship, 2 for Congre- gatsonalists, and 1 for Methodists ; a printing of- fice, from which a weekly newspaper is issued ; an academy, and several manufactories. Pop. 2,768. Pittsjield, p-t. Otsego co. N. Y. 15 m. S. W. Cooperstown. Pop. 830. Pitteford, p-t. Rutland co. Vt. on Otter creek, 34*m. W. Windsor. Pop. 1,916. Here is a valu- able marble quarry. Pittsford, p-1 . Monroe co. N. Y. on Genesee river. Pop. 1,582. Ptttsgrove, p-t. Salem co. N. J. 30 m. S. Phila- delphia. Pop. 2,040. Pittston, p-t. Kennebeck co. Maine, on the E. side of the Kennebeck, 7 m. S. Augusta, 160 N. N. E. Boston. Pop. 1,337. P distort, p-t. Hunterdonco. N. J. Pittston, p-t. Luzerne co. Pa. Pop. 825. Pittslown, p-t. Rensselaer co. N. Y. 18 m. N. E. Albany. Pop. 3,772. Pittsylvtinia, co. in the S. part of Virginia. Pop. 21,323. Slaves 8,484. Engaged in agriculture 6,898, in commerce 35, in manufactures 382. Chief town, Danville. At the court-house is a post-office. Pitlwater, settlement, Van Dieman's Land, on an extensive saltwater inlet to the E. of Hobarts- town. Piura, cap. of a province of the same name in Peru, 25 m. S. S. E. Payta, 208 N. N. W. Truxil- lo, 480 N. N. W. Lima, and 7 from the ocean. Lon. 80 36' W. Lat. 5 1 1' S. Pop. 7,000. Piura, r. of the above province, which falls into the guif of Sechura, in lat. 5 32' S. Piusega, or Piubega, t. Austrian Italy, 12 m. W. by N. of Mantua, 23 E. by N. Cremona. Pizzighiionc., t. Austrian Italy, on the Adda, at its junction with the Serio, 1 1 m. W. by N. Cremo- na, 16 S. E. Lodi,30 S. E. Milan. P L A Plabfrnek, t. France, in Finisterre, 7 ra. N. E\. Brest. Pop. 3,300. Placentia, in Italy. See Parma and Piocenza. Placentia Bay, a spacious bay on the S. coast of Newfoundland, which forms a good harbour, and is greatly frequented by ships employed in the cod fishery. Lon. 54 to 55 10' VV. Lat. 47 to 47* 50' N. Placentia Lagoon, bay on the coast of Yucatan. Lon 89 40' W. Lat. 18 38' N. Placer de Abraxes, isl. near the S. coast of Cuba. Lon. 80 5^ W. Lat. 21 18' N. Plain, t Stark co. Ohio. Pop. 899. Plain, t. Wayne co. Ohio, 5 m. W. Wooster. Pop. 506. Plain, t. Franklin co. Ohio. 12 m. N. E. Colum- bus. Pop. 373. Plain du Nord, t. on the N. side of St. Domin- go, 5 leagues VV. by S. Cape Francois, 13 S. E. by E. Port de Paix. Plainfield, p-t. Washington co.Vt. 8 m. E. Mont- pelier. Pop. 660. Plainfield, p-t. Cheshire co. N. H. on the Con- necticut river, 42 m. N. W. Concord. Pop. 1,460. In 1813, an academy was established here, called the Union academy, in which indigent young men, designed for the office of clergymen, are educated gratuitously in the studies preparatory to a colle- gial course. It has a principal and an assistant, and about 100 students. Plainfield, p-t. Hampshire co. Mass. 21 m. W. Northampton. Pop. 936. Plainfield, p-t. Windham co. Ct. on the E. side of the Quinebaug. Pop. 2,097. It contains a flour- ishing academy. Plainfield, p-t. Otsego co. N. Y. 15 m. N. W. Cooperstown. Pop. in 1810, 2,122. Plainfield, p-t. Essex co. N. J. Plainfield, t. Northampton co. Pa. Pop. 1,127. Plaisance, t. France, in Gers, on the Adour, 20 m. N. W. Mirande. Pop. 1,200. Plaistow, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 22m. S. W. Portsmouth. Pop. 492. Plan, t. Bohemia, 73 m. W. Prague. Pop. 1,700. Plan, t. France, in Upper Garonne, 34 m. S. W. Toulouse. Pop. 900. Plancy, t. France, in Aube, 9 m. W. by N. Ar- cis sur Aube. Pop. 900. Planian, t. Bohemia, 8 m. W. Collin, 3 N. N. E. Kaurzim. Planiez, small isl. of France, near the entrance of the harbour of Marseilles. Lon. 5 14' 7" E. Lat. 43 11'54"N. Planilz, t. Bohemia, 8 m. E. Klattau. Pop. 900. Plantaganet, t Prescott co. Up. Canada, on Ot- tawa river. Plantain Island, small isl. near the coast of W. Africa. Lon. 1218'W. Lat. 7 54' N. Plaquemines, parish, Louisiana, on both sides of the Mississippi, at its mouth. Pop. 2,354. Slaves 1,566. Engaged in agriculture 1,066, in manu- factures 292. Chief town, Fort St. Phillip. Plaquemines, fort, Louisiana, on the Mississip- pi, 43 m. below New Orleans. Plaquemines, r. Louisiana, an outlet of the Mis- sissippi. It leaves the main stream 1 12 miles abore New-Orleans, and unites with the outlet Atchafa- l:iy:i, 15 miles W. of the Mississippi. Plasencia, t. Spain, in Estremadura, 120 m. W. by S. Madrid, 52 t\. by W. Truxillo. Pop. 4.800. Plask. SeePlonsk. P L A P L 003 Plassey, t Bengal, in Nuddeah, on the E. bank of Baggarutty or Hoogly river. Lon. 88 15' E. Vtete, Cape,' cape in the S. W. of Spain, at the entrance into the straits of Gibraltar, in the Atlan- tic. Lon. 5 55' W. Lat.366'N. Plata, Rio de la, r. S. America, formed by the union of the Uraguay and Parana, near lat. 34 S. It is a very broad river, being 150 miles from Cape St Maria, on one side of the entrance, to Cape St! Anthony on the other. It continues of this width as you ascend the stream, till you come to Montevideo, when it suddenly diminishes to 80 miles, and at Buenos Ayres, which is 200 miles from its mouth, it is about 30 miles broad. This wide and noble expanse is, notwithstanding its extent, deformed by rocks and sand-banks, and rendered of dangerous navigation not only by its shoals and shallows, but likewise by the impetu- ous torrents of wind which sweep, at intervals, over the vast plains of the Pampas, to the S. W. of Buenos Ayres. See Paraguay, and Parana, and Uraguay. Plata, la, or Chuquisaca, city, S. America, m the viceroy alty of Buenos Ayres, and cap. of a province of the same name, stands in a small plain, in the neighbourhood of rich silver mines. It is the see of an archbishop. Lon. 66 46' W. Lat. 19 30 S. Pop. 14,000. Plata, La, or Sebastian del Oro, city, New Gra- nada, 12m. from the river Magdalena, 46 E. Po- payan, 165 S. S. W. Santa Fe. Lon. 75 46' W. Lat. 2 24' N. Plata, small isl. in the gulf of Guayaquil, near the coast of Peru. Lat. 1 12' S. Plaltza, ancient t. Greece, in Boeotia, 8 m. N. Thebes. Platamona, t. Thessaly, at its entrance into the ulf ofSalonica, said to occupy the site of the an- cient Heraclea. 22 m. N. E. Larissa. Pop. 2,000. Platanal, small isl. in the Spanish Main, near the coast of Darien. Lon. 80 40' W. Lat. 9 6' N. Plate , ort de, port on the N. coast of St. Do- mingo, 22 leagues W. Old Cape Francois. Platte, La, r. Vt. which runs into Lake Cham- plain at Shelburn. Plalte, or Shoal river, Indian Nebreskd, a large river which enters the Missouri from the west. In the summer of 1820, the expedition under Ma- jor Long traversed the country along its banks to the Rocky mountains. The river is formed by the confluence of 2 branches of nearly equal size, called the North and South Forks, both of which rise considerably within the Rocky mountains, and unite after an easterly course of about 400 miles ; the united stream pursues still an east- erly course of 400 miles, till it falls into the Missouri in lat. 41 3' 13" N. 700 miles from the Mississippi. The volume of water discharg- ed by it during floods occasions a reflux for many miles in the current of the Missouri, and changes the character of that river, which be- low the mouth of the Platte is more rapid, more difficult of navigation, and its water more tur- bid than above. The principal tributaries of the Platte are the Elkhorn, entering near its mouth, and the Loup fork 90 miles above. As its name implies, the Platte is a broad river, vary- ing from one to three miles in width, and so shal- low, that except in floods, it may be forded in al- most any place. It is full of islands which are covered with a growth of cotton wood, willows and shrubs ; and the shifting sands in its bed, to- gether with the rapidity of the current, effectually obstruct the navigation even in canoes. The val- ley through which it passes is from 3 to 10 miles wide, and is bordered by a range of hills 25 or 30 feet high ; beyond which the country is a vast un- dulating plain of a barren and dreary aspect. The only growth of timber is that which occurs on the islands in the river, and even this disappears as you advance towards the Rocky mountains, so that from the confluence of the North and South forks for a distance of nearly 200 miles west- ward, scarce a tree, bush, or even shrub, is to be seen. The country abounds with wild animals, particularly the bison, which are seen grazing in immense numbers. The party under Major Long saw, as they judged, not less than 10,000 in a single drove. Platte, Little, r. N. America, which falls into the Missouri from the N. 349 miles from the Mis- sissippi. Plattekill, t. Ulster co. N. Y. on the Hudson, 22 m. below Kingston. Pop. 2,189. Flatten, t. Bohemia, 12 m. N. N. E. Carlabad. Pop. 1,350. Plattensee. See Balaton. Platti, small isl. in the Indian sea. Lon. 55 20' E. Lat. 5 55' S. Plattling, t. Bavaria, on the Iser, 11 m. N. E. Landau in Bavaria. Pop. 900. Plalton, t. Jefferson co. Missouri. Plattsburg, p-t. and cap. Clinton co. N. Y. on the W. side of Lake Champlain, 63 m. S. of Mont- real, 100 N. Whitehall. Pop. 3,519. Lat. 44 42' N. The village is handsomely laid out at the mouth of Saranac river, and contains a court- house, jail, academy, bank, Presbyterian church, 2 printing offices, and several mills and stores. This place is rendered famous by the effectual re- sistance on the llth September, 1814, of 2,500 Americans under General Macomb, to the British force of 1 4,000 men under Sir George Provost. In the bay before the town, at the same time, the American fleet under Commodore M'Donough, carrying 86 guns and 820 men, captured the Brit- ish fleet under Commodore Downie, carrying 95 guns and 1,050 men. Plan, t Germany, in Schwartzburg-Souders- hausen, on the Gera, 15 m. S. by W. Erfurt. Pop. 1,000. Plan, t. Germany, in Mecklenburg- Sell werin, 10m. S. E. Goldberg. Pop. 900. Plane, t. Prussian States, in Brandenburg, 27 m. W. Potsdam. Pop. 800. Plauen, t. Saxony, with a large muslin manufac- tures a'ad cotton printing works. 75 m. W. S. W. Dresden. Pop. 6,100. Pleasant, t. Franklin co. Ohio, 13 m. S. W. Co- lumbus. Pop. 599. Pleasant, t. Clarke co. Ohio. Pop. 759. Pleasant, t. Fairfield co. Ohio, N. E. of Lancas- ter. Pop. 1,403. Pleasant, t. Brown co. Ohio. Pop. 2,114. It contains Ripley, the seat of justice for the county. Pleasant, t. Madison co. Ohio. Pop. 555. Pleasant Grove, p-v. Lunenburg co. Va. Pleasant Grove, p-v. Orange co. N. C. Pleasant Level, p-v. Monroe co. Alabama. Pleasant point, point, in Perry, Washington co. Maine, 5 m. N. Eastport. Here is the principal village of the Passamaquoddy Indians. Pleasant River, r. Washington co. Maine, which runs into the sea between Addison and Harring- ton. Pleasant Valley, p-t. Dutchess co. N. Y. 7 m. S. E. Peu^hkeepsie. Here is an extensive aottou 604 P L O PLY factory, 2 churches, 1 for Quakers and 1 for Pres- byterians. It has considerable manufactures. Al- o the name of a village in Essex co. N.Y. Pleasant Valley, p-v. Sussex co. N. J. Pleasant Valley, p-t. Fairfax co. Va. Pleasington, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 2 m. W. by S. Blackburn. Pop. 599. Pleaux, t. France, in Cantal, 7 m. N. W. Au- rillac. Pop. 2,600. Pleidelsheim, t. Wirtemberg, near Ludwigs- burg. Pop. 1,250. Plein River. See Desplanes. Pleine Fougere, t. France, in Ille-and-Villaine, 31 m. N. by E. Rennes. Pop. 2,800. Pleisse, r. Saxony, which falls into the Saale be- tween Halle and Merseburg. Plelan, t. France, in llle-and-Vilaine, 23 m. S. W. Rennes. Pop. 3,100. Plellenberg 1 s Bay, bay on the Cape of Good Hope, 400 m. E. Cape Town. Plemet, t. France, in Cotes-du-Nord, 9 m. S. St. Brieux. Pop. 2,400. Pleneuf, t. France, in Cotes-du-Nord, 12 m. N. E. St. Brieux. Pop. 1,300. Plesa, t. Eu. Russia, on the Wolga, 16 m. S. Kostroma. Lon. 41 14' E. Lat. 57 15' N. Pleschen, t. Prussian Poland, 17 m. N. N. W. Kalisch. Pop. 1,900. Plesovcze, or Pliessocz, t. Hungary, 21 m. S. Neusohl. Lon. 19 8' 45" E. Lat. 48 26' 15" N. Plesse. See Josephstadt. Plesse, t. Prussian States, 32 m. E. S. E. Ratis- bon. Pop. 2,300. Plesse, the principality of which it is the capital, has an extent of 530 square miles. Pop. 61,000. Plessis les Tours, v. France, in Indre-and-Loire. Pop. 1,000. Plestin, t. France, in Cotes-du-Nord, 12 m. N. E. Morlaix. Pop. 3,500. Plettenberg, t. Prussian States, 13 m. S. S. W. Arensberg. Pop. 1,300. Pleumartin, t. France, in La Vienne, 25 m. N. E. Poitiers. Pop. 1,100. Pleurtuit, t. France, in llle-and-Vilaine, 28 m. N. W. Rennes. Pop. 1,900. Pleyben, t. France, in Finisterre, 6 m. N. by E. Quimper. Pop. 3,700. Plinlimmon. See Snowdon. Plochingen, t. Wiriemberg, at the junction of the Fils and Neckar, 13 m. E. S. E. Stutgard. Pop. 1,400. Plock, one of the eight palatinates, into which the kingdom of Poland was divided by the Russian government in 1816. Area, 7,400 sq. miles. Pop. 320,000. Plock, or Plotzk, t. Poland, chief place of the preceding palatinate, on the Vistula. It is a bish- op's see. 55 m. W N. W. Warsaw. Pop. 3,000. Ploen, t. Denmark, in Holstein, 18 m. S. S. E. Kiel, 22 N. by W. Lubeck. Pop. 2,000. Ploennel, t. France, in Morbihan, 34 m. W. by S. Rennes. Pop. 4,500. Ploeuc, t. France, in Cotes-du-Nord, 12 m. N. Loudeac. Pop. 1,100. Plofelden, or Blaufeld, t. Wirtemberg, 17 m. S. S. E. Mergentheim. Pop. 900. Plogastel, v. France, in Finisterre, 34 m. S. Brest. Pop. 800. Plomb de Cantal See Cantal Plombieres, t. France, in Vosges, 14m.S. Epi- nal. Pop. 1,000. Plombieres, t. France, 4 m. N. E. Dijon. Pop. 1,100. Plone, r. Prussia, in Pomerania, which falls in- to the lake of Dainm, near Damm. Plonsk, t. Poland, 35 m. N. N. W. Warsaw. Pop. 1,500. Plouagat, t. France, in Cotes-du-Nord, 9 m. S. E. Guingamp, 12 W. St. Brieux. Pop. 2,100. Plouarc. See Douarnenez. Plouay, t. France, in Morbihan, 12 m. N. L'- Orient. Pop. 3,700. Plouescat, t. France, in Finisterre, 20 m. N. W. Morlaix. Pop. 2,200. Plougastel, t. France, in Finisterre, 7 m. E. Brest. Pop. 4,000. Plouhu, t. France, in Cotes-du-Nord, 14 m. N. W. St. Brieux. Pop. 3,100. Plouha, Pointe du, cape on the N. W. coast of France, in the English channel. Lon. 2 48' W. Lat. 48 41' N. Plouzec, Pointe de, cape on the N. W. coast of France, in the English channel. Lon. 2 52' W. Lat. 48 35' N. Plousevede, t. France, in Finisterre, 14 m. W. Morlaix. Pop. 2,400. Pluckemin, p-v. Somerset co. N. J. Pludenz, t. Austrian States, in Tyrol, on the 111, 72 m. W. Inspruck, 44 S. E. Constance. Plue, La. See Rainy Lake. Plumartin, t. France, in La Vienne. Pop. 1,200. Plumb, t. Allegany co. Pa. on Turtle creek. Pop. 1,639. Plumb, t. Venango co. Pa. Pop. 185. Plumb creek, t. Armstrong co. Fa. Pop. 1,340. Plum. Island, on the coast of Massachusetts, be- tween Ipswich and Newburyport, 9 miles long and 1 broad, and separated from the main land by a narrow sound, called Plum Island river, over which there is a bridge. It consists principally of sand blown into heaps, and erowned with bush- es, bearing the beach plum. The island is a fa- vourite resort in summer for parties of pleasure. On the N. end are two light- houses, and several houses have been erected on the island by the Hu- mane Society, and furnished with convenience! for the relief of distressed mariners. Plumb Island, isl. at the N. E. end of Long Isl- and, N. Y. and annexed to Southhold, in Suffolk co. It contains about 800 acres, and supports 7 families. Plumb gut separates it by a strong cur- rent, | of a mile wide, from the E. point of South- hold. Plume,i. France, in Lot-and- Garonne, 12m. S. E. Nerac. Pop. 2,700. Plumstead, p-t. Bucks co. Pa. on the Delaware, 36 m.N. Philadelphia. Pop. 1,790. Plymouth, t. Eng. in Devonshire, at the head of Plymouth sound, which is formed by the rivers Plym and Tamar, at their confluence with the sea. The harbour is very secure, sufficiently ca- pacious to contain about 2,000 sail of shipping, and is altogether one of the finest in the world. It consists of several divisions : Sutton Pool imme- diately adjoins the town ; Catwater harbour if formed by the estuary of the Plym ; the Hamo- aze is a magnificent basin at the mouth of the Ta- mar, fitted with moorings of large iron chains, for 100 sail of the line. At the mouth of these har- bours, the great bay of Plymouth sound forms an excellent roadstead, which is now rendered se- cure by the construction of the breakwater acrosi its entrance. This work, which has been going on for years, and is not yet finished, is the great- est of the kind ever undertaken in the kingdom. It consists of a mole, or vast heap of stones, in the PLY middle of the sound, stretching across its entrance, ' occupying nearly the half of its width, and leaving a free'passage for vessels both on the E. and W. shores. The whole expense is estimated at 1,171,100/. ; and it was calculated that 2,000,000 tons of stone would be required to finish it. The result has fully answered the expectations of its projectors. In its present unfinished state, 200 sail of vessels of every description have here found shelter, and 25 or 30 sail of the line may now ride here at all times, in security. The dock yard of Plymouth, and the various establishments connect- ed with it, are perhaps the finest in the world. 43 m. S. W. Exeter, 216 W. by S. London. Lon. 4T W. Lat. 50 23' N. Pop. in 1811, 56,060. Plymouth, t. Grafton co. N. H. on the W. side of the Merrimack, 35 m. N. Concord. Pop. 983. The courts of the county are held alternately here and at Haverhill. Plymouth, formerly Saltash, t. Windsor co Vt. 15 m. W. N. W. Windsor. Pop. 1,112. Here is a remarkable cavern. Plymouth, co. Mass, bounded N. by Norfolk co. E. by the Atlantic, S. by Barnstable co. and Buz- zard's bay, and W. by Bristol co. Pop. 38,136. Engaged in agriculture 4,558, in commerce 1,208, in manufactures 2,627. Chief town, Plymouth. Plymouth, s-p. and cap. Plymouth co. Mass, and the oldest town in New England, is 36 m. S. S. E. Boston. It is an extensive township, being about 16 miles long, and 5 broad, and containing more than 80 square miles. The principal settlement is in the N. E. part of the township, and contains more than two-thirds of the inhabitants. The soil near the coast is generally good, but the resi- due of the township is barren, and, notwithstand- ing its antiquity, is yet a forest. The harbor is spacious but shallow, and is formed by a long and narrow neck of land called Salthouse Beach, ex- tending southerly from Marshfield, and terminat- ing at the Gurnet Head, and by a smaller beach within, running in an opposite direction. There is a breach in the iner beach which exposes the shipping, even at the wharves, during an easterly storm. The amount of shipping in Plymouth district, in 1815, was 21,263 tons, of which several thousand were employed in the codfishery. Here are extensive iron works. Plymouth contains a court-house, jail, bank, and 4 houses of public worship, 3 for Congrega- tionalists, and 1 for Baptists. The first settlers of New England landed at this place on the 22d of December 1620, and the present inhabitants of the town are principally descendants of the an- cient stock. The rock on which their forefathers first landed was conveyed, in 1774, from the shore to a square in the centre of the town, and the an- niversary of their landing is still celebrated. Pop. 4,348. Lon. 70 30' W. Lat. 41 58' N. Plymouth, p-t. Litchfield co. Ct. 24 m. W. Hartford, 30 N. New Haven. It contains 3 churches, 2 for Episcopalians, and 1 for Congre- gationalists. Pop. 1,758. Plymouth, p-t. Chenango co. N. Y. 7 m. N. W. .- '', 107 W. Albany. Pop. 1,496. Pfymoittk, p-t. Luzerne co. Pa. on the Susque- -ite Wilkrisuarrc. Pop. 912. J''.'/-" -it-ryco. Pa. Pop. 928. Plymouth, p-t. and cap. Washington co. N. C. on the S. side of the Roanoke, 5 m. above Albe- marle -ound. 20 S. Edenton. Amount of shippin" in 181 6, 1, 590 tons. Pli/movih t. KidilaiKl co. Ohio. Pop. 580. Plymplon, Plympton Earlt, or Plympton Mau- P O I 605 rice, t. Eng. in Devonshire, 5 m. E. Plymouth. Lon. 4 2' W. Lat. 50 23' N. Pop 715. Plympton, p-t Plymouth co. Mass. 10 m. N. W. Plymouth. Pop. 930. Po, (nn.Padus, Eridanus,) r. Europe, which traverses the north of Italy from W. to E. It ri- ses in Monte Viso, one of the Cottian Alps, passes by Turin, and separating Austrian Italy from Par- ma, Modena, and the States of the Church, dis- charges itself by a number of mouths into the Adriatic, about 30 m. S. Venice. Pobassoo's Island, small isl. off the N. coast of New Holland. Lon. 136 27' E. Lat. 1153|' S. Pockeso, s-p. Axim,on the Gold coast of Africa. Pocklington, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 14 m. S. E. York, 196 N. by W. London. Lon. 46' W. Lat. 5355 N. Pop. 1,539. Poco de Panella, v. Brazil, on the river Capiba- ribe, some miles W. Pernambuco. Pocock's Island, isl. in the Eastern seas. Lon. 118 12 E. Lat. 6 2' S. Pocock, Point, cape on the E. coast of New Zealand, 4 m. W. Cape Brett. Pocohontas, t. Chesterfield co. Va. on the N. side of the Appomatox. Pocomoke, r. on the eastern shore of Maryland, which runs into the Chesapeake. It is navigable a few miles. Pocono, t. Northampton co. Pa. Pop. 389. Pocotaligo, p-v. Beaufort district, S. C. 64 in. W. S. W. Charleston. Podenda, v. Asia Minor, at the junction of the Sihoun with the Adana, 33 m. N. Adana. Podensac, t. France, on the river Gironde, 18 m. S. E. Bourdeaux. Pop. 1,400. Podgorodkoi, fort, A. Russia, in Oufa, on the Oural, 92 m. Orenbourg. Podgorsa, t. Austrian states, in Galicia, on the Vistula, opposite Cracow. Pop. 4,000. Podgurze, or Podgarse, r. Poland, which form* the boundary between Austrian and Russian Po- land, and falls into the Dniester. Podiebrad, t. Bohemia, on the Elbe, 31 m. E. Prague. Pop. 2,400. Podlachia, one of the eight palatinates of the new kingdom of Poland, lying between the Bug and the Vistula. Area, 5,520 sq. miles. Pop. 438,000. Podluzacs, a tribe of Croats in the South of Moravia. Podolia, a government of Russia, adjacent to the Austrian province of the Buckowine. Area, 20,400 sq. miles. Pop. about 1,330,000. Podor, a French factory on the Senegal. Lon. 14" 20' W. Lat. 17 1' N. Poeston Kill, r. N. Y. which runs into the Hud- son, S. of Troy. Near it mouth are high falls. Poge, Cape, the N. E. point of Chabaquiddick island, Mass. Lori. 70 22' W. Lat. 4125'N. Poggio Bonsi, t. Tuscany, 28 m S. EL Florence. Poegy, or Nassau Isles, islands on the W. coast of Sumatra, at the distance of 20 or 30 leagues, between lat. 2 18' and 3 16' S. Pohl, isl. of the Baltic, off the coast of Meck- lenburg-Schwerin, nearly opposite Wismar. Pop. 1,200. Poilly, t. France, in Loiret, 40 m. S. by E. Or- leans. Pop. 1,200. Poimel, Poinle de, cape, on the W. coast of France. Lon. 3 44' W. Lat. 48 43' N. Point, t. Northumberland co Pa. Pop. 1,373. Point aux Barques, point, Michigan, the S. E. cape at the entrance of Saganawbay. 606 P O I Point aux Pins, or Landguard, promontory, Up. Canada, in Lake Erie, 20 m. E. S. E. Fore- land. Lon. 81 25' W. Lat. 42 7' N. Point aux Pins, cape, Up. Canada, in St. Ma- ry's river 9 m. below the entrance into Lake Su- perior. Point Chico, t. Arkansas co. Arkansas Territo- ry, on the Mississippi, at the confluence of Ar- kansas river. Pop. 452. Point Coupee, parish, Louisiana, on the W. side of the Mississippi. Pop. 4,912. Slaves 3,630. Engaged in agriculture 4,499, in commerce 7, in manufactures 10. At the court-house is a post- office. Point Coupee, t. in the above parish, ,on the W. bank of the Mississippi, 30 m. above Baton Rouge. Point de Galk, s-p. on the S. W. point of Cey- lon. The harbor is good, and during the season when the roadstead of Colombo is unsafe, ships frequently wait at Point de Galle, till their car- goes are ready. Lon. 80 15' E. Lat. 6' N. Point Gordwar. See Gordwar. Point Harmar, the name of that part of Ma- rietta in Ohio, which is on the S. side of the Huskingum. It contains above 30 houses, a post- office, and steam-mill. Point Palmiras. See Pnlmiras. Point Pedro, t. Ceylon, at the N. extremity of the island. Lon. 80 25' E. Lut. 9 52' N. Point Pleasant, p-t. Mason co. Va. on the Ohio, just above the confluence of the Kenhawa, 5 m. N. E. Gallipolis. Near this place a battle was fought in 1774, between a detachment of the Vir- ginia militia and the Shawanese and Delaware Indians in which Logan the Indian chief avenged the murder of his family ; the Indians however were defeated. Point Pleasant, t. Clermont co. Ohio, on Ohio river, 21 m. S. W. Williamsburg. Pop. in 1815, 350. Point Pleasant, settlement, Missouri, on the Mississippi, 6 m. below New Madrid. Point Remove, r. Arkansas ter. which enters the N. side of the Arkansas, 30 m. above Cadron. Pointe du Lac, La Riviere de la, small r. Low- er Canada, which falls into the St. Lawrence, at the N. E. extremity of lake St. Peter. Pointe du Lac. or Tonnoucour, seigniory, Lower Canada, in St. Maurice co. on the St. Lawrence, 8 m. W. Three- Rivers. Point aux Peres, or Father Point, cape, on the N. Shore of the river St. La ;vrence, 160 m. below Quebec. Pointe aux Trembles, v. Lower Canada, on the N. bank of the St. Lawrence, 20 m. above Que- bec. Pointi/, t. Bengal, on the S. bank of the Gan- ges. Lon. 87 26' E. Lat. 25 20' N. Poire sous la Roche sur Yonne, t. France, in La Vendee, 42 m. N. W. Fontenay. Pop. 4,200. Poirinoj t. Piedmont, 12m. S. E.Turin. Pop. 5,000. Poissons, t. France, in Upper Marne, 4 m. E. S. E. Joinville, 14 S. E. Vassy. Pop. 1,800. Poissy, t. France, on the Seine, 9 m. N. W. Versailles. Pop. 2,500. Poitiers, t. France, cap. of La Vienne. It is celebrated for the victory of Edward the Black Prince, over the French, on 13th September 1354. 85 m. S. S. W. Tours, 250 S. W. Paris. Lon. 20' E. Lat. 46 35' N. Pop. 21,300. Poitou, before the revolution, a province of POL France, now divided into three departments : La Vienne, the Deux Sevres, and La Vendee. Poix, t. France in Somme, 17 m. S. W. Amiens. Pop. 1,100. Pokroic, t. Eu. Russia, in Vladimir, 62 m. E. Moscow. Pola, t. Austrian States, in Istria, on the gulf of Venice. It was formerly a considerable city, and is still a bishop's see. Pop. 900, not a tenth of what it was in the time of the Romans. Its har- bor, however, is excellent, and is suilicientto con- tain a large fleet. 30 m. S. Capo d'Istria, 44 S. Trieste. Lon. 14 3' E. Lat. 45 5' N. Pola, or Oteivhei, one of the Navigator's islands, separated from Oyolava by a channel about four leagues wide. Lon. 172 20' VV. Lat. 13 52' b. Poland, formerly a large country of Europe, bounded VV. by Germany. E. by Russia, and S. by Hungary, Walachia, and Moldavia. Inclu- ding Lithuania, it contains 284,000 square miles, and 15,000,000 inhabitants. The partition of Po- land between Russia, Austria, and Prussia, took place at three distinct epochs, 1772, 1793, and 1795 ; and the result of the whole was nearly as follows : Sq. miles. 64,000 62,000 To Austria, To Prussia, To Russia, 168,000 Population. 4,800,000 3,500,000 6,700,000 284,000 15,000,000 At the peace of Tilsit (July 1807,) Bonaparte stripped Prussia of the greatest part of her Polish possessions. Of these he gave a small portion to Russia, and erected the rest into a new State, called the grand dutchy of Warsaw, which he as- signed to the king of Saxony. In 1809, after van- quishing Austria in the field, he compelled her to cede part of Galicia to Russia, arid another part to his new grand dutchy. But all the arrange- ments of Bonaparte were overturned by the dis- astrous campaign of 1812 : the Russians re-occu- pied Poland ; and the congress of Vienna, while it decreed to Austria and Prussia a partial restitu- tion of their late cessions, confirmed to Russia all the Polish and Lithuanian provinces acquired be- fore 1795, conferring on her, in addition, the sove- reignty of the central provinces, which constitute the present kingdom of Poland. See next article. Each of the three powers was enjoined by the congress to give to its respective portion of Po- land as free a constitution as circumstances should permit. The following table shows how the territory arid population are at present divided between the three powers : Population* 1,800,000 3,500,000 To Prussia, To Austria, Kingdom of Poland, To Russia, Sq. miles. 29,000 30,000 47,000 178,000 2,800,000 6,900,000 284,000 15,000,000 Poland, Kingdom of, the only portion of the preceding country, that still retains officially its ancient name, comprises the chief part of that which, from 1807 to 1813, formed the dutchy of Warsaw. It consists of the central provinces of Poland, bounded all along its frontier by the re- spective acquisitions of Russia, Austria, and Prussia. Area 47,000 sq. miles. Pop. 2,800,000. It is divided into the eight palatinates of Cracow, Sendomir, Kalisch, Lublin, Plock, Masovia, Pod- POL iia, and Augustow. The exports consist of , hemp, flax, cattle, timber, wax, and honey. This country, though subject to the same sove- reign as Russia, is governed in every respect as a separate monarchy. The regal dignity is vested in the czar, represented by a viceroy, in whom, and in a cabinet of ministers, the executive gov- ernment resides. All ministers are accountable to the senate. The senate consists of 30 members. The chamber of representatives consists of 77 deputies from the provincial nobility and gentry, and of the members of the cabinet. The revenue amounts to 900,000 sterling. The military force is considerable, particularly in cavalry. The re- ligion of the majority is the Catholic. The Pro- testants of different sects are also numerous ; and there are many members of the Greek church. The Jews are computed to form a seventh of the whole population. Poland, Austrian. See Galicia. Poland, Prussian. See Posen, Grand Dutchy of. Polaiid, Russian. See the governments of Vol- hynia, Podolia, Kiev, Poltava, and Charkov, in Eu- ropean Russia ; also Lithuania. Poland, p-t. Cumberland co. Maine, on the W. side of the Androscoggin, 30 m. N. Portland, 140 N. N. E. Boston. Pop. 1,353. Poland, p-t. Trumbull co. Ohio, on the Maho- ning, 18 m. E. Warren. Pop. 990. It contains a forge and furnace, and other mills. Polar Regions. The regions within the arctic circle have been rendered interesting from the recent discoveries effected by the expeditions sent out by the British government in search of a north- west passage. The most successful of these expe- ditions was that under command of Captain Par- ry, who left England in the spring of 1819, and passing through Davis' strait into Baffin's bay, reached the western shore of that bay in lat. 74 at a place which had been named by former voy- agers, Lancaster Sound. But instead of a Sound, Capt. Parry ascertained that it was a strait, lead- ing directly into the long-sought-for Polar Sea. It extends about 150 miles in a direction due east and west, the shores bounding it to the north and south being nearly parallel, at an average distance of 40 or 50 miles. To the now-ascertained strait the name of Barrow's Strait was given. In this the water was deep, and clear from ice ; but, on entering the Polar Sea, the barrier of ice prevent- ing further progress westward, Capt. Parry bent his course in a southerly direction, and entered a large Sound or inlet, 25 miles in breadth. Hav- ing sailed 120 miles down this inlet, the ships were obstructed by ice, and returned to the west- ern extremity of Barrow's Strait, where the ice was found broken up to such an extent that they were enabled to proceed westward, and the ships pursued their course between the parallels of 74 and 75, passing a number of islands, one of which, in about 104 W. Ion. they named Byam Martin Island. Proceeding still westward, a very large island was discovered, extending from Ion. 106 to II 4 W. and from lat. 74 30' to nearly 76 N. This island was called, in honor of the first lord of the Admiralty, Melville island. The polar win- ter now commenced, and the ships anchored in a harbour on the south side of this island, where they were imprisoned by the ice during a period of 310 days. Having sailed again on the 6th of August 1820, they reahed the west extremity of Mr] ville's island, in Ion. 114 W. where, owingto the immense and impermeable barriers of ice, fur- P O L 607 ther progress became impossible, and the ships re^ turned to England. Under the same enterprising commander a new expedition has sailed to explore these regions. Polcenigo, t. Austrian Italy, 23 m. N. Trevisc, Pop. 3,000. Polch, or Polich, t. Prussian province of the Lower Rhine, 17 m. W. Coblentz. Pop. 1,200. Polder, s-p. on the Gold Coast of Africa, in Agoona. Pole, Cape, point of the N. W. shore of Prince of Wales archipelago, on the N. W. coast of Ame- rica. Lon. 226 21' W. Lat. 56 3' N. Polenz, r. Saxony, which falls into the Elbe be- low Schandau. Poleschowitz, t. Austrian States, in Moravia, 6 m. S. W. Hradisch. Pop. 1,500. Poigar, t. Hungary, 33 m. E. Erlau, 32 N. N. W. Debreczin. Pop. 4,000. Poli, t. Italy, in the Compagna di Roma, 3 m. N. Palestrina. Policandro, small isl. in the Grecian archipela- go, E. of Milo, anciently called Phologandros. It is about 20 miles in circuit. Pop. 1,200, chiefly Greeks. Lon. 24 59' E. Lat. 36 37' N. Policastro, t. Naples, 85 m. S. E. Naples. Pop. 400. Policzka, t. Bohemia, 85 m. E. S. E. Prague. Pop. 2,300. Polignac, or Espales, t. France, in Upper Loire, on the Loire, 6 m. N. E. Le Puy. Pop. 2,000. Polignano, t. Naples, in Bari, on the sea coast, 19 m. E. S. E. Bari. Pop. 6,900. Poligny, t. France, in Jura, 26 m. S. S. W. Be- sancon. Pop. 5,400. Polina, t. Eu. Turkey, in Albania, 16 m. W.by N. Berat. Polits, s-p. Prussia, in Pomerania, 8 m. N. Olcl Stettin. Pop. 1,200. Polits, t. Bohemia, 25 m. N. N. E. Konigingratz. Pop. 1,100. Polizzy, t. Sicily, in the Val di Mazzara, 18 m, S. E. Palermo. Pop. 4,900. Polla, t. Naples, in the Principato Citra, 4 m. S, Cangiano. Pop. 3,500. Pollacra, Punta de la, cape, on the S. coast of Spain. Lon. 2 10' W. Lat. 36 49' N. Pollardsville, p-v. Greenville district, S. C. Polle, t. Hanover, on the Weser, 20 m. S. Ha- meln. Pop. 1,000. Pollenza, t. Piedmont, on the Tanaro, 30 m. S. Turin. Polling, t. Bavaria, 2 m. S. S. W. Weilheim. Lon. 1 1 9' E. Lat. 47 48' 17" N. Pop. 900. Pollockshaws, v. Scotland, in Renfrewshire, 2 m. fr. Glasgow. Pop. 2,000. Polloor,t. India, in the Carnatic. Lon. 79 15' E. Lat. 12 30' N. Polna, t. Bohemia, 70 m. E. S. E. Prague. Pop. 3,800. Polnisch Freystadt. See Rackwitz. Polo, or Pulo, Cape, promontory on the E. coast of Sardinia, at the S. extremity of the gulf of Cag- liari. Lon. 9 20' E. Lat. 39 8' N. Polo, one of the Philippine islands, off the W. coast of Luzon. It is 25 miles long, by 13 broad. Lat. 15 N. Polo^ isl. in the Pacific ocean, about 50 miles in circumference. Lon. 122 28' E. Lat. 14 55' N. Polo, small isl. in the Eastern seas, near the N. coast ofSamar. Lon. 12133 E. Lat. 12 14' N. PoZo, small isl. in the Eastern seas, near the S. coast of Bool. Lon. 124 5' E. Lat. 940'N. 608 POM Pohnne, t. Russia, in Volhynia, 115 m. W. Kiev, 95 S. E. Luck. Poloonshah, t. Hind, in Hyderabad. Lon. 81 10' E. Lat. 17 35' N. Polotsk, t. Eu. Russia, in Vitepsk, at the con- fluence of the Polota and the Dwina. It is a bish- op's see. Pop. 3,500. 73 m. W. by N. Vitepsk. Lon. 28 46' E. Lat 55 28' 56" N. Poltava, cap. of the government of the same name, Russia, stands on the river Vorskla, 737m. S. by E. Petersburg, 459 S. S. W. Moscow. Lon. 34 14' E. Lat. 49 30> N. Pop. 9,000. Poltava, province of Russia, between the gov- ernments of Cherson and Charkov. Area, 16,000 sq. miles. Pop. about 1,500,000. Polynesia, a term applied to the numerous isl- ands in the Pacific ocean, east of Australasia and the Philippine islands. The principal groups are the Pelew islands, Caroline, Ladrones, Sandwich, Friendly, Navigator's, Society and Marquesas isl- ands. From Ion. 170 to 230" E. and lat. 35 N. to 50 S. ; an extent of 5, 100 miles from N. to S. by 3,6vK) from E. to W. Polsin, t. Prussia, in Pomerania, 50m. E. N. E. Stargard, 36 S. S. E. Colberg. Pop. 1,700. Pomabamba, province of Buenos Ay res. Pom- abamba, the capital, is in Ion. 64 8' W. lat. 19 55' S. Pomard, v. France, in Cote d'Or, 2 m. S. W. Beaune. Pop. 1,100. Pomares, t. France, in Landes, 15 m. S. W. St. Sever. Pop. 1,500. Pombtl, t Portugal, in Estremadura, 16 m. N. E. Leiria, 21 S. Coimbra. Pop. 3,800. Pombo. See Pemba. Pomegue, small isl. France, in the Mediterra- nean. Ships from the Levant, bound for Mar- seilles, perform quarantine here. Lon. 6 23' E. Lat. 43 16'N. Pomerania, province of the Prussian States, ly- ing along the S. coast of the Baltic, from Ion. 12 29' to 18 2' E. and from lat. 52 to 54 44' N. Area, 12,000 sq. miles. Pop. 670,000. Part of it formerly belonged to Sweden ; but Prussia is now in possession of the whole, as well as of the adja- cent island of Rugen. It is almost entirely a flat country. The exports consist of corn, cattle, tim- ber, wool, and wax ; also of dried fish. Pomerelia, or Little Pomerania, a district of the Prussian States, forming; part of the government of Dantzic. Pomfret, t. Windsor co. Vt. 17 m. N. Windsor. Pop. 1,635. Pomfret, p-t. Windham co. Ct. on the Quine- baug, 40 m. N. E. Hartford, 30 W. Providence, 57 S. W. Boston. Pop. 2,042. It contains one of the largest cotton factories in the State . Pomfret, p-t. Chatauque co. N. Y. on lake Erie. Pop. 2,306. In this town are the villages of Dun- kirk and Fredonia. Pomizliano, d'Arco, t. Naples, near the capital. Pop. 4,800. Pomme, r. Indiana, which runs into the Wa- bash, 170 m. above Vincennes, Pommerieuz, t. France, in Mayenne, 20 m. S. by W. Laval. Pop. 1,000. Pommersftlden, v. Bavarian States, 17 m. S. W. Bamberg. Pomona, or Mainland, the largest of the Orkney islands, in the middle of the group. Extent, 212 sq. miles, or 135,680 acres. Pompeii, or Pompeia, ancient city of Italy, at the foot of Mount Vesuvius, which was buried by PON an eruption of that mountain in the year 79. The volcanic matter covering Pompeii being little more than an accumulation of ashes, about a fourth part of the city has been cleared, and several temples and columns, and numerous ancient buildings have been discovered. 14 m. S. E. Naples. See Herculaneum. Pompey, p-t. Onondaga co. N. Y. 11 m. S. E. Onondaga, 126 W. Albany. Pop. 6,701. Here is an academy. In this town there is a place cal- led by the Indians, Bloody hill; on which are some old forts with large burying grounds adjacent. From one of the graves the bones of a human skeleton of a very large size were taken almost entire. Pompey, West, Hill, p-v. in the above town- ship. Pompiano, t. Austrian Italy, 1 1 m. S. W. Bres- cia. Pomponesco, t. Austrian Italy, on the Po, 5 m. S. E. Sabionetta. Pompton, r. N. J. which is formed by the union of the Ramapaugh, Long Pond and Pequannack in Pompton plains, and joins the Passaic. Ponarum, t. India, in the Carnatic. Lon. 79* 20' E. Lat. 1126'N. Poncin, t. France, in Ain, on the river Ain, 13 m. S. E. Bourg. Pop. 2,700. Pondah, t. and celebrated fortress, Hind, in Be- japore, at the foot of the Western mountains, or Ghauts. It commands the most frequented pass leading from Goa and Soonda, into the interior. Lon. 73 56' E. Lat. 15 23' N. Pond Fort, fort, Missouri, on the ridge which divides the waters flowing E. into the Mississippi from those which flow S. into the Missouri, 8 m. from Lewis' ferry. Pondi, small isl. in the Eastern seas, separated from the E. point of Madura, by a channel a mile wide. Lon. 114 23' E. Lat. 6 57' S. Pondicherry,ciiy on the sea coast of India, in the Carnatic, and capital of the French establishments in India, but is not considered of much commercial or political importance. Lon. 79 58 E. Lat. 11 56' N. Pondico, small isl. in the Grecian Archipelago, 2 m. N. Negropont. Lon. 23 29' E. Lat. 39 10' N. Pondimarka, s-p. Hind, in Circars. Lon. 83* E. Lat. 17 37' N. Pondong, small isl. in the Eastern seas, near the S. E. coast of Siao. Lon. 125 10' E. Lat. 2 40' N. Ponferrada, t. Spain, ia Leon, 23 m. W. Astor- ga. Pop. 2,200. Ponghou, or Piscadores, a cluster of islands in the channel of Formosa, between 23 10' and 23" 40' N. lat. and the westernmost in 11 9 27' E. Ion. Pongiraho, small r. Louisiana, which falls into Lake Maurepas, 10 m. W. Madisonville. Pom, t. France, in Lower Charente, 15 m. S. Saintes. Pop. 3,900. Lon. 038'W. Lat. 44 34' N. Pont, or Copons, t. Spain, in Catalonia, on the river Segre, 42 m. N. by W. Tarragona. Ponta Delgada, t. and capital of the Azores, on the S. side of the island of St. Michael. It stands on a declivity sloping to the water's edge ; the streets are regular, but narrow and ill paved. It contains several churches and convents, a hospital, &c. and is the residence of the governor of the Azores and the Corregidor. Pop. variously esti- PON mated from 8,000 to J 2,000. Lon. 25 36' W. Lat. 37 43' 55" N. Pontac, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees, 15 m. S. E. Pau. Pop. 2,300. Pontaillier, t France, in Cote d'Or, on the Sa- one, 20 in. E. Dijon. Pop. 1,200. Pont a Mousson, t. France, in Meurthe, on the Moselle, 18 m. S. by VV. Mete. Pop. 6,800. Poniarlier, t. France, on the Doubs, nut far from Mount Jura. Being one of the most convenient passes to Switzerland, it is guarded by a castle, situated on an almost inaccessible rock. 40 m. S. E. JBesancon. Pop. 3,900. Pontassieve, t. Tuscany, 10 m. E. Florence. Pop. 900. Pont Audtmeer, t. France, in Eure, 25 m.W. by S. Rouen. Pop. 5,200. Pontaumur Landogne, t. France, in Puy de Dome, 20 m. VV. N. VV. Clermont. Pop. 1,200. Pontcharra, t. France, in Isere, 12 m. S. E. Chamberry. Pop. 2,800. Pontchartrain, t. France, 9 m. W. Versailles. Pop. 1,300. Pontchnrtrain, lake, Louisiana, about 35 miles long from E. to W. and 25 broad, and generally from 12 to 20 feet deep. It communicates with Lake Borgne on the S. E., with Lake Maurepas on the N. W. and with the city of New Orleans, by Bayou St. John, on the S. Punt Chateau, t. France, in Loire Inferieure, 28 m. X. VV. IN antes. Pop. 2,700. Pont Croix, t. France, in Finisterre, 17 m. N.W. Quimper. Pop. 1,100. Pont de Beau Voisin, t. France, in Isere, divi- ded into two parts, the one belonging to the Sar- dinian States, the other to France, 45 m. E. Lyons. Pop. 2,600. Pont de Ce, t. France, on the Loire, 3 m. S. by E. Angers. Pop. 3,000. Pont de VAin, t. France, in Ain, 12 m. S. by E. Bourg. Pop. 1,200. Pont de FArche, t. France, on the Seine, at the influx of the Eure, 12 m. S. Rouen. Pop. 1,500. Pont de Monterert, t. France, in Lozere, 9 m, E. byN. Florae. Pop. 1,300. Pont de Remy, t. France, on the Somme, 20 m. W. Amiens. Pont de Sorgues, t. France, in Vaucluse, 6 m. N. E. Avignon. Pop. 1,300. Pont de Vaux, t. France, in Ain, 9 m. S. Macon. Pop 2,800. Pont de Vcylt, t. France, in Burgundy, on the Veyle, 6 m. S. E. Macon. Pop. 1,400. Punt du Chateau, L Franco, in Puy de Dome, on the Allier,? m. E. Clermont. Pop. 2,900. Pont du Gard. See Gard, Pont du. Ponte, t. Piedmont, 13 m. VV. S. W. Jvera. Pop. 3,600. Pontc-cono, t. Italy, in the states of the Church, 50 m. N. W. Naples, 60 E. S. E. Rome. It is the eee of a bishop. Pop. 5,200. Punlp. de Barca, t. Portugal, in Entre Douro e Minho, 9 m. N. Braga. / J We de Lima, t. Portugal, in Entre Douro e Mmhr,, 41 m. N. Oporto. Pop. 2,000. Pontc de Massmtsso, t. Italy, in the dutchy of Parma, vttm. VV. Parma. Ponte d'Era, t. Tuscany, 16 m. E. N. E. Leg- horn. Pop. 3,000. Pont en Rnyans, t. France, in Isere, 22 m. S. VV. Me. Pop. 1. Pontefract, or Pmnfrct, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 23 77 PON 609 m. S. S. \V. York, 177 N. N. W. London. Lon. 1 18' W. Lat. 53 41' N. Pop. 3,605. Ponte JVwra, t. Italy, in the dutchy of Parma, 7 m. S. E. Piacenza. Ponteque, or Pontique, cape on the W. coast of Mexico, 30 m. N. E. Cape Corrientes. Ponte Stura, t. Sardinian states, in Montferrat, at the junction of the Stura and the Po, 7 m. W. by N. Casale. Pop. 1,400. Ponte-Pedra, t. Spain, inGalicia, 14 m, N. Vi- go. Lon. 8 14' W. Lat. 42 34' N. Pop. 2,000. Pontevico, t. Austrian Italy, 18m. S. Brescia. Pop. 4,700. Pont Farcy, t France, in Calvados, 34 m. S.W. Caen. Pop. 1,000. Pont Gibaut, v. France, in Puy de Dome, 12 m. W. by N. Clermont. Pop. 700. Pont Gown, t. France, on the Eure, 17 m. W. Chatres. Pop. 1,400. Pontiac, t. and cap. Oakland co. Michigan Ter- ritory, on the river Huron of St. Clair, about 25 miles above its mouth, and 25 W. Detroit. The river is a beautiful stream, which, a few miles above, issues from a chain of small lakes, and at Pontiac is 4 rods wide. Here are erected a saw- mill and a large grist mill, 4 stories high. The town was lately laid out, and as the lands in this Territory are now brought into notice, Pontiac has the prospect of a rapid growth. Pontian Inlands, small islands in the Mediter- ranean, belonging to the kingdom of Naples, and situated opposite the coast of the Terra di Lavoro. Pontiana, Dutch settlement on the W. coast of Borneo. Lon. 109 30' E. Lat. 3 S. Pontine Marshes, The, an extensive marshy tract of Italy, in the S. part of the Campagna di Roma. Pontiry, or Bourbon- la- faille, t. France, in Mor- bihan, 30 m. N. E. Lorient. Pop. 3,100. Pont VAbbe, t. France, in Finisterre, near the sea, 12 m. S. W. Quimper. Pop. 3,900. PontTEveque, t. France, in Calvados, 26 m. E. by N. Caen. Pop. 2,500. Pont le Foye, t. France, near the Loire, 15 in. E. .Amboise. Pop. 1,200. Pontoite, t. France, on the Oise, 20 m. N. VV. Paris. Pop. 5,200. Pontons, t. France, in Landes, 7 m. N. E. Dax. Pop. 900. Pontop, v. Eng. in Durham, 11 m. N. VV. Dur- ham. Ponlorson, t. France, in La Manche, 12 m. S. W. A v ranches. Pop. 1,400. Pontremoli, t. Tuscany, 40 m. S. W. Parma. It is the see of a bishop. Pop. 2,500. Pontricux, t. France, in Cotes du Nord, 9 m. N. W. St. Brieux. Pop. 1,100. Pont St. Esprit,i. France, in Gard, on the right bank of the Rhone, 38 m. N. E. Nimes. Pop. 4,100. Pont St. Maixence, t. France, in Oi?e, on the river Oise, 24 m. E. by S. Beauvais. Pop. 2,900. Pont St. Vincent, t. France, on the Moselle, 9 m. S. VV. Nancy. Pop. 1,100. Pord sur Seme, t. France, in Aube, on the Seine, 28 m. N. W. Troyes. Pop. 1,000. Pont sur Sambrc, t. France, clcp. of the North, on the Sambre, 35 m. S. E. Douay. Pop. 1,000. Pont sur Yonne, t. Franco, on the river Yonne, 30 m. N. by W. Auxerre. Pop. 1,4<>0. Pont Vallain. t. France, in Sarthe, 9 m. S. Le Mans. Pop. 1,700. 610 POO Pontypool, t. Eng. in Monmouth co. on the Avon, 15 m. S. W. Monmouth, 146 W. by N. London. Lon. 3 1' W. Lat. 51 52' N. Pop. about 2,000. Ponty Pnjdd, v. Eng. in Monmouthshire, 10 m. from Caerphilly. Ponza, or Pontia, small isl. in the Mediterrane- an, belonging to the Pontian group, and opposite to Cape Circello. Its chief trade is in salt. 20m. S. by W. 'IVrracina. Lon. 12 50' E. Lat. 40 58' N. Pop. 800. Ponzone, t. Sardinian States, in Montferrat, 20 m. W. N. W. Genoa. Pop. 2,200. Poogul, t. Hind, in Mooltau, 24m. N.W. Bika- neer. Poolange, small isl. in the Eastern Seas, near the coast of Borneo. Lon. 117 6' E. Lat. 3 25' N. Poolarum. See Pularum. Poofe, t. and sea-port, Eng. in Dorsetshire. The harbor is one of the best in the English channel for merchant ships. The principal busi- ness is the Newfoundland fishery, in which about 140 ships are employed. It sends 2 members to parliament. 40 m. W. S. W. Winchester, 105 S. W. London. Lon. 1 59' VV. Lat. 50 43' N. Pop. 4.816. Poole's store, p-v. Montgomery co. Md, Poolesville, p-v. Spartanburg district, S. C. Pooley, hamlet, Eng. in Westmoreland, 4 m. from Penrith. Poolseepore, t. Hind, in Oude. Lon. 82 30' E. Lat. 2728'N. Poonah, city, Hind, in Bejapore, and capital of the Mahratta chief, called the Peshwa. In 1802, a treaty of alliance was formed between the Peshwa and the British, which lasted till 1817, when hostilities commenced, and the Peshwa was compelled to resign his office and retire upon a pension to Benares. A rival chief was then placed upon the throne, who is under the con- trol of a British resident. Lon. 74 E. Lat. 18 30' N. Poonakha, t. Hind, in Bootan. Lon. 89 45' E. Lat. 27 56' N. Poonamalee, small district and t. India, in the Carnatic, 10 m. S. W. Madras. Lon. 80 20' E. Lat. 13S. Poonah, district and t. Hind, in Berar. Lon.78 13' E. Lat. 20 9' N. Poondy, s-p. Hind, in Circars. Lon. 84 27' E. Lat. 1840\\. Poopooroo, small isl. in the Eastern seas, near the N. E. coast of Borneo. Lon. 1 17 54' E. Lat. 6 18' N. Poorbunder, s-p. and fort, Hind, in Gujerat. Lon. 69 1 ' 50' E. Lat. 21 37' N. Poor Knights, islands in the Pacific ocean, near the N. E. coast of New Zealand. Lon. 174 42' E. Lat. 35 30' S. Poornah, r. Hind, which falls into the Tuptee, 20 m. below Boorhanpore. Poorundcr, or Poorvndah, t. and fort, Hind, in Bejapore, 17 m. from Poonah. Lon. 74 5' E. Lat. 18"16'N. Poorwah, t. Hind, in Oude. Lon. 8044'E. Lat. 26 28' N. Pooshaw, lake, Hancock co. Maine, 9 miles long and 4 broad. It communicates by an outlet 15 miles long, with the Penobscot, on the W. side opposite Marsh inland. Pooslikur, or Phokur, t. Hind, in Ajmeer, with FOR a temple dedicated to Brahma. 4 tn. from the city of A.jmeer. PootedesNids,t. France, in Mayenne, 26 m. N. E. Mayenne. Pop. 2,800. Pootcllant, t. on the W. coast of Ceylon. Lon. 7951'E. Lat. 85'N. Pooloopootooa, one of the smaller Friendly isl- ands, 18 ID. N. Annamooka. Pouraloor, t. India, in the Carnatic. J ,on.79 15' E. Lat. 116'N. Popayan, a province and government of New Granada, in S. America, bounded N. by the Lla- nos de Nieva, W. by Choco and the Pacific, E. by Quixos, and S. by Atacames. Popayan, cap. of the above province, on an ex- tensive plain, 5,905 feet above the level of the sea, in the immediate vicinity of the great volcanoe> of Purace and Sotara. It is the seat of the royal mint. 195 m. S. S. W. Santa Fe. Lon. 76 31' W. Lat. 2 28' N. Pop. 25,000. Pope, co. Illinois, on the Ohio. Pop. 2,610. En- gaged in agriculture 419. Chief towns, Golconda and Constantia. Poper, r. Austrian Poland; which falls into the Vistula near Uyscie. Poperingen, t. Netherlands, in West Flanders, 26 m. S. by W. Ostend. Pop. 9,000. Poplar, hamlet, Eng. in Middlesex, 4^ m. E. by S. St. Paul's cathedral, London. Pop. 7,708. Poplar Grove, p-v. Newbury district, S. C. Poplar Island, isl. in Chesapeake bay, belong- ing to Talbot co. Md. It is about 10 miles in cir- cumference. Poplar Ridge, p-v. Cayuga co. N. Y. Poplar Springs, p-v. Ann Arundel co. Md. 27 m. W. Baltimore. Poplar Town, or Trap, p-t. Worcester co. Md. Poplin, p-t. Rockingham co. N. H. 19 m. W. Portsmouth. Pop. 453. Popo, a country on the Slave Coast of Africa, about 24 miles in extent. Popo, isl. in the Eastern seas, 50 miles in cir- cumference. Lon. 130 0' 15" E. Lat. 19 14' S. Poppi, t. Tuscany, on the Arno, 25 m. E. S. E. Florence. Pop. 1,800. Poprad, r. Austrian empire, which rises in the Carpathian mountains, passes by Kesmark and Deutschendorf, in Hungary, enters Galicia, and falls into the Dunajetz. Porca, s-p. India, in Travancore. Lon. 76 24' E. Lat. 9 23' N. Porchov, t. Eu. Russia, 59 m. E. by S. Pskov. Pop. 1,200. Porcho, province of Buenos Ayres, on the W. of Potosi. Pop. 22.000. Porco, or Talavera de Puna, the capital, is in Ion. 67 56' W. lat. 1 9 40' S. Porcos, or Puerros, isl. off the coast of Brazil. Lat. 24 S. Porcuna, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 20 m. W. N. W. Jaen. Porcupine Islands, islands, Maine, in the mouth of Frenchman's bay. Porcupine Mountains, mountains, N. W. Terri- , tory, on the S. shore of Lake Superior, W. of On- tanagon river. Their height is estimated at 1,800 or 2,000 feet. Porcupine Rirer, r. Missouri Territory, which falls into the Missouri from the N. It is 112 yards wide at its mouth. Porcupine Rirer, r. North-West Territory, which runs into Lake Superior, in Ion. 88 W. lat. 47 N. FOR Pordenone, or Portenaa, t. Austrian Italy, 24 m. W. S. W. Udina. Pop. 1,800. Pore, San Joseph de, city, New Granada, 133 m. N. E. Santa Fe, 82 S. Pamplona. Lon. 72 13 W. Lat. 5' 40' N. Pop. 500. Porentrui, or Bnmdrut, t. Switz. in Berne, 26 m. E. ri. E. Bale. Pop. 2,100. Porelschje, t. Eu. Russia, in Smolensko, 40 m. N. N. W. Smolensko. Pop. 2,300. Pori, small isl. in the Mediterranean, belonging to the Ionian republic, 20 m. S. E. Cerigo, 30 N. E. Candia. Porlock, or Porllock, s-p. Eng. in Somersetshire, on the S. shore of the Bristol channel, 14 m. N. by W. Dalverton, 167 W. London. Pop. 633. Pornic, s-p. France, in Loire Inferioure. on the sea coast, 27 in. W. by S. Nantes. Pop. 1,000. Poro, small isl. among the Philippines, near the W. coast of Leyta. Lon. 124 20' E. Lat. 10 35' \. Poro Isle, isl. off the S. W. coast of Sumatra, 33 miles long, by 8 broad. Lon. 29 15' E. Lat. 2 12- S. Poromushir, the second of the Kurile islands, in the Pacific ocean, 44 miles long, and 12 broad. Lon. 156 14' E. Lat. 51 38' N. Poros, (an. Sphcpria,) small isl. Greece, in the gulf ofEgina, separated from the coast of Argolis by a very narrow channel. Porpoise, Cape, cape on the coast of York co. Maine, 7 leagues N. by E. Cape Neddock, and 5 S. W. Wood island. Lon. 70 23' W. Lat. 43 22' N. Porpoise, Cape, cape on the coast of Patagonia, in the straits of Magellan. Lon. 71 50' W. Lat. 52 56' S. Porquerolles. See Porte Cross. Porrudos, Rio de, or St. Lourenco, r. Brazil, which falls into the Paraguay, 26 leagues below the Cuiaba. Portelori, or Porselouc, t. Siam, on a river which flows into the gulf of Siam. Lon. 99 46' E. Lat. 1743'N. Port Addi. See Portendick. Port Allhorp, harbour on the N. W. coast of King George the Third's archipelago, between Point Lucan and Point Lavinia. Lon. 223' 55' E. Lat. 58 ll'N. Port Anna Maria, bay, or harbour on the S. coast of Sir Henry Martin's island, in the Pacific ocean, 7 m. W. Point Martin. Lon. 139 39' W. Lat. 8 30' S. Port Antonio, harbour on the N. E. coast of Ja- maica. Lon. 76 5' W. Lat. 18 5' N. Port Bail, t. France, in La Manche, 20 m. S. Cherbourg. Pop. 800. Purt Barwell, a harbour on the N. W. coast of America. Lon. 149 40' W. Lat. 59 40' N. Port Blanc, or Addi, harbour in the Red sea, on the coast of Egypt, 25 m. S. S. E. Cosseir. Port Charles, harbour on the E. coast of New Zealand, 6 m. E. Cape Colville. Clarke, harbour on the W. side of Chris- -<>und, on the coast of Terra del Fuego, 4 m. .V.V K. York Minster. Port Cox, hay on the N. W. coast of America, 60 m. S. K. \ootka Sound. I'nrt Dulri/mple, harbour on the N. coast of Van Dieman's Land. Port Daniel, harbour in Chaleur bay. Lon. 65 W. Lat 48 !(/ N. Port Pauphin. bay on the E. coast of the island of Cape Breton. Lon. 60 25' W. Lat. 46 20' N. FOR 611 Port Deposit, p-t. Cecil co. Md. on Susquehan- nah river, which is here crossed by a bridge. Port Dick, harbour on the N.W. coast of Amer- ica. Lon. 209" 45' E. Lat. 59 13' N. Port Discovery, harbour on the N. W. coast of America, in the gulf of Georgia. The entrance is in Ion. 237 20' E. lat. 48 T N. Port Dundas, v. Scotland, in Lanarkshire, one mile from G lasgow. Purt Egmont, a port on the N.W. coast of Falk- land's islands. Lon. 55 W. Lat. 51 27' S. Port Elisabeth. See Elizabeth's Bay. Port Elisabeth, p-t. Cumberland co. N. J. on a branch of the river Maurice. Port Essington, harbour of the Pacific ocean, on the coast of New Cornwall. Lon. 230 12' E. Lat. 54 14'N. Port Etches, bay on the S. W. of Hinchinbrook island, at the entrance of Prince William's Sound. Lon. 213 56' E. Lat. 60 21' N. Port Frangais, bay on the N.W. coast of Amer- ica. Lon. 137 10 W. Lat. 58 37' N. Port Frederick, harbour on the N. side of King George the Third's archipelago. Lon. 224 40' E. Lat. 58 12' N. Port Gahres, port on the S. coast of the island of Samos. Lon. 26 54' E. Lat. 37 44' N. Port Gardner, harbour on the E. coast of Whid- by's island, in the gulf of Georgia. Lon. 237 47' E. Lat. 48 2' N. Port Genesee. See Charlotte. Port Gibson. See Gibsonport. Port Glasgow, p-v Seneca co. N.Y. Port Gore, bay on the N. W coast of America. Lon. 150 20' W. Lat. 59 10' N. Port Hannah, bay on the N. W. coast of Amer- ica, 40 m. S. E. Nootka Sound. Port Hawkesbury, bay on the N. W. coast of America, at the entrance into the straits of Juan de Fuca. Lon. 124 40' W. Lat. 48 35' N. Port Herbert, bay on the S. coast of Nova Sco- tia. Lon. 64 55'' W. Lat. 43 53' N. Port Hood, bay on the W. coast of Cape Breton. Lon. 61 16' W. Lat. 46 N. Port Jackson, a bay and English settlement, on the E. coast of New Holland, 9m. N. of Botany Bay. The entrance is between two heads, which are distant from each other one mile and three quarters. Lon. of Cattle point, 151 11' 49" E. Lat. 33 51' 45" S. Port Lawrence, t. Monroe co. Michigan Terri- tory, at the W. end of Lake Erie, on Maumee bay, 65 m. S. Detroit, 148 N. W. Columbus. It has a good harbour, with sufficient depth of water for vessels that navigate the lake, and it will proba- bly become a place of importance. Port Lawrence^ t. Tompkins co. N. Y. Port Louis, called during the revolution Port de /,U67, in commerce 7, in manufactures 257. Chiei" town, Ravenna. Portage, t. Portage co. Ohio, 16 m. S. W. lia- venna. Pop. 195. Por/i metropolis and other places. Port- land castle is of great strength, and completely command* Weymouth road. 3 m. S. Wevmouth, . W. London. Pop. 2,079. Portland, t. Frontenac co. Up. Canada. Portland, p-t. and port of entry, Cumberland co. Maine, and capital of the State, is on a penin- sula projecting into Casco Bay in the shape of a sad- P O R 613 die, the principal part of the houses being erected on the seat ; on the pommel of the saddle stands the Observatory, and on the cantle some elegant dwelling houses. The harbor is safe, easy of ac- cess, seldom frozen over, and so near the sea that a vessel is clear of every obstacle and may stow away her anchors three miles after leaving the wharf. A light-house was erected in 1790, on a point of land called Portland Head, at the entrance of the harbor. It is a stone edifice, 72 feet high. The town is defended by Forts Preble and Scam- mel, on opposite sides of the ship channel, and by Fort Burrows at the east end of the town. Pert- land is by far the most considerable town of the state in population, wealth, and commerce. It is connected with an extensive and growing back country, and exports lumber, beef, and fish in large quantities. A canal is in progress, connect- ing Sebago lake with Portland harbor. In 1815, it was the eighth town in the U. States in amount of shipping, the number of tons being 30,411. Portland contains a state-house for the tempo- rary accommodation of the legislature ; an ele- gant court-house, a jail, an alms-house, 2 banks, an insurance office, containing the custom-house and other offices ; an academy, athenaeum, observ- atory, and ten churches, viz. 3 for Congregation- alists, 2 for Baptists, 1 for Episcopalians, 2 for Methodists, 1 for Universalists, and 1 for Friends. The observatory was erected by a number of the citizens for the purpose of descrying vessels at sea. Besides the water prospect, it affords an extensive view of the interior terminated in the N. W. by the White Mountains. Portland was formerly included in Falmouth, and 1775 the principal part of it "was burnt by the Brit- ish. 54 m. N. N. E. Portsmouth, 118 N. N. E. Boston, 258 S. Quebec. Lon. 70 19' W, Lat. 43 39' N. Pop. in 1810, 7,169 ; in 1820, 8,581. Portland, p-t. Chatauque co. N. Y. on Lake Erie, 9 m. from the head of Chatauque lake. Pop. 1,162. Portland, t. Jefferson co. Ken. on the Ohio, im- mediately below Louisville. It was laid out partly in 1814, and partly in 1817. Portland, t. Illinois, recently laid out, on an el- evated spot, at the mouth of Kaskaskia river, with a good landing for boats. Portland Islands, small islands in the E. Indian ocean, W. of New Hanover. Lon. 147 18' 45" E. Lat. 2 36' S. Portland Island, isl. near the E. coast of New Zealand. Lon. 178 12' E. Lat. 39 25' S. Portland Island, one of the Queen Charlotte's islands. Lon. 164 15' E. Lat. 10 43' S. Portland Canal, inlet on the N. W. coast of America. Lon. of its entrance, 229 42' E. Lat. 54 42' N. Portland Creek, small bay on the W. coast of Newfoundland, 25 m. S. Pont Rich. Portland Kay, small isl. near the S. coast of Ja- maica, 2 m. E. Portland Point. Portland Point, cape on the S. coast of Jamaica. Lon. 76 57' W. Lat. 17 44' N. Portland Point, cape in Hudson's bay. Lon. 78 20' W. Lat. 58" 50' N. Portlock. See Porlock. Portlock's Harbor, inlet on the W. side of King George the Third's archipelago. Lon. 224 E. Lat. 57 44' N. Portlogo, s-p, W. Africa, in Sierra Leone. Lon, 12 36' W. Lat. 8 40' N. 614 FOR Portneuf, barony, Hampshire co. Lower Cana- da, on the St. Lawrence, 20 m. S.W. Quebec. Portnevf, r. Lower Canada, which falls into the St. Lawrence from the N. 35 m. above Que- bec. Porto, t. Italy, in the States of the Church, near the mouth of the Tiber. It is the see of a bishop. 10 m. S. VV. Rome. Lon. 12 14' 25" E. Lat. 41 46'44"N. Porto, t. Austrian Italy, on the Adige, opposite Porto Bella, v. Scotland, on the Frith of Forth, 2 m. S. E. Edinbuig. Porto Bello, a noted seaport of South America, on the N. coast of the isthmus of Darien, with an excellent harbor. The climate of this city is bad in the extreme. The population is inconsiderable, being chiefly negroes and mulattoes, with about thirty white familes. 65 m. N. Panama, 238 W. S. W. Carthagena. Lon. 79 26' W. Lat. 10 27' N. Porto Bufaleto, t. Austrian Italy, on the Liven- za, 20 m. E. N. E. Treviso. Pop. 1,600. Porto Cabello. See Cabello. Porto de Cam, fort on the W. coast of Portugal, 6 m. N. N. W. Viana. Porto Delphino. See Cerigo. Porto Ercole, t. Tuscany, 30m. N.W. Civita Vecchia. Porto Farina, s-p. Tunis. Lon. 10 16' E. Lat. 36 30' N. Porto Ferrajo, the chief place of the island of Elba, situated towards the W. coast of the island, on a lofty point of land projecting into a bay. It is a strong place, and it* harbor is commodious and secure. It has acquired notoriety of late years, as the residence of Bonaparte, from 4th May 1814, to 26th February 1815, when he sailed on his ex- pedition to France. Lon. 10 19' E. Lat. 42 49' N. Fop. 3,000. Porto Fino, t. Sardinian states, 6 m. W. Chia- vari, 12 S. E. Genoa. Porto Greco, t. Naples, on the coast, 16 m.N. W. Manfredonia. Porto di Lagoscuro, t. Italy, in the States of the Church, on the Po, 3 m. N. Ferrara. Porto Longone, t. on the E. coast of the island of Elba, 4 m. S. E. Porto Ferrajo. Pop. 1,500. Porto Madera, harbor on the E. coast of St. Ja- 50, one of the Cape de Verd islands. Porto Maggiore,t. Italy, in Ferrara, on the Ad- riatic, 25 m.^J. E. Bologna. Porto Marin, t. Spain, in Galicia, on both sides the river Minho, 45 m. E. St. Jago. Porto Mauricia, t. Sardinian states, 56 m. S. W. Genoa. Lon. 8 3' E. Lat. 43 55' N. Pop. 3,000. Porto de Naas, harbor on the S. coast of Lance- rota, one of the Canary islands. Porto JVbro, s-p. Benin, in W. Africa, where the Portuguese have a factory. Lon. 1 45' E. Lat. 624'N. Porto JVoro, called by the Hindoos Parangui- pet, or Fringypet, and by the Mussulmans Moham- ed Bunder, s-p. in the Carnatic. Lon. 79 52' E. Lat. ITSO'N. Porto Paradiso, harbor on the E.coast of Rhodes. Lon. 27 45' E. Lat. 36* 25' N. Porto Pin, s-p. Caramania, in A.Turkey. Lon. 33 54' E. Porto Pray a. See Praya. Porto di Primaro, s-p. Italy, in the States of the FOR Church, at the influx of the Primaro into the Ad- riatic. 9 m. N. Ravenna. Porto del Principe. See Principe. Porto Re, t. Austrian States, on the Adriatic, 4 m. S. S. E. Buccari. Pop. 1,100. Porto Rico, isl. in the W. Indies, belonging to Spain, 60 m. E. Hispaniola ; about 140 miles lung from E. to W. and 36 broad from N. to S. It is extremely fertile, and has a temperate climate. Pop. supposed to exceed 100,000. Lon. 65 30' to 67 45' W. Lat. 18 to 18 35' N. Porto Rico, St. Juan de, cap. of the island of Porto Rico, is on a peninsula on the N. coast of the island, with a good harbor, defended by a citadel and castle, populous, well built, and the see of a bishop. Lon. 66 20' VV. Lat. 18 30' N. Porto Santo, isl. in the Atlantic, near Madeira, 15 m. in circumference. It has an excellent har- bor. Lon. 16 50' W. Lat. 33 N. Porto de St. Pedro, s-p. Brazil, on the river Iguay. Lon. 52 6' W. Lat. 31 55' S. Poito Scus,or Porto Secco,i. Sardinia, near the Capo di Cagliari, 36 m. W. Cagliari. Porto Seguro, a province of Brazil. Porto Se- guro, the capital, is on the sea coast. 92 m. S. Jorge, 286 N. N. E. Espiritu Santo. Lon. 39 37' W. Lat. 16 7' S. Pop. 3,000. Porto Tigani, port on the S. coast of the island of Samos. "Lon. 26 54' E. Lat. 37" 44' N. Porto de la Trinidad, port on the coast of New Albion, in N. America. Lon. 236 6' E. Lat. 41 3'N. Porto Vecchio, t. in the island of Corsica, 33 m. S.E. Ajaccio, 70 S. Bastia. Lon. 9 16' 37" E. Lat. 41 35' 29" N. Pop. 1 ,300. Porto Venerc, s-p. Sardinian States, on the gulf of Spezzia, 5 m. S. Spezzia. Lon. 9 38' E. Lat. 44 5' N. Pop. 700. Portodal, or Porto tfAUy. See Portudal. Portogruaro, t. Austrian Italy, at the conflu- ence of the Lemene and Reghena, 20 m. W. by S. Palma Nova. Pop. 4,000. It is the see of a bishop. Portopin, port of the Mediterranean, on the S. W. side of Majorca, 2 m. S. Palma. Portree, t. Scotland, in Inverness-shire, in the island of Sky. Its harbor is capacious with ex- cellent anchorage and well sheltered. Lon. 6 7' W. Lat. 57 24' N. Portsburgh, (Easter and Wester,) two suburbs of Edinburgh, in Scotland. Portsmouth, t. Eng. in Hants, and noted sea- port in the English channel, being the principal rendezvous of the British navy. It is situated on the W. side of the island of Portsea, at the mouth of the bay termed Portsmouth harbour, tn. sists of the old town of Portsmouth included with- in its fortified walls, and the town of Portsea. Portsmouth is still the seat of the civil and milita- ry establishments, but Portsea contains the vast establishments of the dock-yards. Portsmouth harbour excels decidedly every other in Great Britain for its capaciousness, depth, and security. The largest ships may ride in it with safety in the most violent storms, and without touching the ground even at the lowest ebb. It is also capa- ble, from its extent, of containing almost the whole navy of England. Another capital advantage of this harbour, is the neighbourhood of the famous roadstead of Spithead, between Portsmouth and the Isle of Wight, which is so spacious, that it can P O R contain 1000 sail of vessels in the greatest secu ty. The fortifications of the town are deemed i pregnable, and form, on the whole, the most regu- lar and complete fortress in Great Britain. Ports- mouth dock- yard being the grand naval arsenal ot England, and the general rendezvous of the Britr ish fleet, is by far the largest in the kingdom, and every attention has been paid to its extension and improvement. During the war, upwards of 4,000 working men were employed in it, of whom 1,500 were bhip-wriehts and caulkers. Pop. of Ports- mouth in 1811, 7,103 ; of Portsea, 31,365. Total of the town and suburbs, 40,567. 72 m. S. W. Lon Jon. Lon. 1 6' W. Lat. 50 47' N. Portsmouth, the largest town in New- Hamp- shire, and its only seaport, stands on the S. side of Piscataqua river, about two miles from the sea. A new bridge 237 1 feet in length, connects it with Kittery, Me. The town contains a court-house, jail, alms-house, female asylum, athenaeum, acad- emy, two market-houses, 5 banks, including a branch of the U. S. bank, several insurance offices, and 8 religious societies, 3 of Cbngregationalists, 1 of Episcopalians, 1 of Baptists, 1 of Methodists, 1 of Universalists, and 1 of Sandcmanians. This town has suffered severely from fire. In Dec. 1802, 120 buildings were destroyed ; in Dec. 1806, 20, including St. John's church; and in Dec 1813, the tire swept over 15 acres, and destroyed 173 buildings. The parts destroyed have since been rebuilt, and the appearance of the town has been much improved. The harbour of Portsmouth is one of the best in the United States. It is landlocked on every side, and perfectly safe, of sufficient depth for the largest vessels at all times of the tide, and, owing to the rapidity of the current, is never frozen. The main entrance between the N. side of Great Island and the Kittery shore, is about a mile wide, and 9 or 10 fathoms deep, and is well defended by fort Constitution and fort M'Clary. The other en- trance, on the S. side of Great Island is called Little Harbor, and the water here is shallow. The harbour consists of two parts : the outer harbour is easy of access at all seasons of the year ; but, owing to a very rapid tide in the narrows, a large vessel cannot get to the inner harbour, ex- cept with a fair wind ; and, for the same reason, but few vessels can be safely moored there. There is an island in the inner harbour, opposite the town, on which is a United States' navy yard, containing good timber docks, and all the conven- iences for building ships of the largest class. Sev- eral ships of the line have been built here. Ports- mouth is well situated for trade. The amount of shipping owned here in 1815, was 30,411 tons. Pop. 7,327. 24m. N. N. E. Newburyport; 56 N. by E. Boston ; 4.5 E. S. E. Concord ; 54 S. S. \V. Portland. Lat. 43 5' N. Lon. 70 45' W. Portsmouth, p-t. Newport co. R. I. on the N. end of Rhode-Island, 7 m. N. W. Newport. Pop. 1,655. Here is a coal mine. Portsmouth, a pleasant, flourishing, and regu- larly built t. in Norfolk co. Va. on the S. W. side of Kh/.aboth river, opposite Norfolk, one mile dis- tant from it. It contains a court-house, a jail, and four churches, 1 each for Episcopalians, Baptists, Mrthorli-K and Roman Catholics. The courts for thn county are held here. Portsmouth, s-p. Carteret co. N. Carolina, on the N. end of Core-bank, near Ocrecoke inlet, chiefly inhabited by fishermen and pilots. FOR 615 Portsmouth, p-t. and cap. Scioto co. Ohio, on Scioto river, at its junction with the Ohio, 45 m. S. Chillicothe, 90 S. Columbus. It is well situa- ted for trade, and contains a court-house, jail, printing-office, and bank. Pop. 527. Lon. 82* 48' W. Lat. 3848'N. Portsoy, s-p. Scotland, in Banffshire, on a point of land projecting into the Moray frith, which forms a safe harbour. 5^ m. E. Cullen, 7^ W. Banff. Lon, 2 36' W. Lat. 57 38' N. Portudal, s-p. Baol, in W. Africa, on the Atlan- tic, N. of the Gambia. Lon. 16 56' W. Lat. 14* 36' N. Portugal, kingdom, Europe, bounded by Spain and the Atlantic, extends from 36 56' to 42 7' N. lat. and from 7 34' to 9 30' W. Ion. Its form is oblong; its length from N. to S. 350 miles; its average breadth about 120. The following was the estimate of the extent and population in 1802: Provinces. Sq. miles. Pop. Entre Douro Minho, 3,490 907,565 Tras los Montes, 5,450 318,605 Beira (central), 8,725 1,121,595 Estremadurai, 9,855 826,680 Alentejo, 10,575 380,480 Algarva, 2,780 127,615 40,875 3,683,000 Several of the great mountain chains of Spain penetrate into this country, intersect it from east to west, and terminate in large promontories in the Atlantic. The climate in Portugal is in gen- eral more mild and pleasant than in Spain. The products of the soil of Portugal are very varied, from the great variety of elevation. Wheat, bar- ley, oats, flax, hemp, are raised in the high grounds ; vines and maize in those of warmer tem- perature ; and rice in the low grounds. The chief fruits are olives, oranges, and lemons. Silk is made of very good quality. For a long time past, the import and export trade has been managed chiefly by foreign merchants, particularly British, settled at Lisbon and Oporto. The exports con- sist almost entirely of raw produce, viz. wine, salt, and wool. Of wine, the average value ex- ported is nearly 2,000,000; of salt, fully 300,000 ; of wool, below 100,000. The im- ports are very various, viz. corn, flour, fish, wool- lens, linen, cotton, lace, hardware, hats, shoes, stockings, and manufactures of almost every kind. The religion of Portugal is Roman Catholic. There are two universities, one at Coimbra, and the other at Evora. The revenue in Portugal and Brazil, is between 3,000,000 and 4,000,000 sterling; the public debt, 12,000,000. The na- val force does not exceed 15 or 18 frigates. Por- tugal has, like Spain, its Cortez or representative body, but they were not assembled for more than 100 years previous to the late revolution. On the removal of the royal family to Rio Janeiro, the two councils of state attended them, and the king was represented at Lisbon by a regency, the coun- cils by committees. Porlugalete, t. Spain, on the coast of Biscay, 15 m. N. W. Bilbao. Lon. 2 54' W. Lat. 43 20' N. Pop. 1,800. Portugueza, r. S. America, in Venezuela, which runs into the Apure. Portumna, v. Ireland, Galway co. on the Shan- non, 75 m. S. W. Dublin. 616 P O S Persies, or Poritschen, t. Bohemia, 13 in. S. E. Pilsen. Pop. 800. Poscnechon, or Posseckon, t. Eu. Russia, in Ja- roslav, 73 in. N. N. W. Jaroslav. Pop. 1,700. Poschega, palatinate of Sclavonia, lying between the Save and the Drave. Extent, 954 sq. miles. Pop. 67,000. Poschega, chief place of the above palatinate, is on the river Orlova, 11 m. E. Gradisca, 160 S. by W.Buda. Lon. lG u E.Lat.4520'N. Pop. 4,100. Poschiavo, t. Switz. m the Grison country, 17 m. W. S. W. Bormio. Poscn, Grand dutchy of, a province of the Prus- sian states, comprising that part of Poland which was restored to Prussia by the treaty of Vienna in 1815. It is bounded on the E. by the new state called the kingdom of Poland, and on the S. and W. by Silesia and Brandenburg. It lies between lat. 51 10' and 53 32' N. and contains about 12,000 sq. miles, and a population of from 800,000 to 900,000. It is divided into the governments of Posen and Bromburg. Posen, Gorernment of, one of the two govern- ments into which the grand dutchy is divided. Area, 6,900 sq. miles. Pop. 545,000. Posen, or Posnan, the capital of Prussian Po- land, and a bishop's see, stands at the confluence of the Proszna and the Wartha. It is surrounded with a mound and ditch, and is built with tolera- ble regularity. 144 m. E. Berlin, 166 W. War- saw. Lon. 16 33' 56" E. Lat. 54 22' 39'' N. Pop. 20,000. Poserits, v. Prussian states, in the island of Ru- gen, 11 m. S. W. Bergen. Pop. 800. Posey, co. Indiana, bordering on the Ohio and the Wabash. Pop. 4,061. Engaged in agriculture 1,766, in commerce 5, in manufactures 27, Chief town, Harmony. Posing Basin, or Pesojnck, t. Hungary, llm. N. N. E. Presburg. Pop. 3,700. Positano, t. Naples, in Principato Citra, on the gulf of Salerno. Pop. 4,000. Positra, s-p. Hind, in Gujerat. Lon. 69 17' E. Lat. 22 23' N. Possagno, v. Austrian Italy, 20 m. N. N. W. Treviso. Possession Bay, bay on the N. coast of the Island of Georgia, Lon. 37 18 W. Lat. 54 5' S. Possession Bay, bay in the straits of Magellan, on the S. American shore. Lon. 69 39' W. Lat. 52 20' S. Possession Island, isl. near the N. point of New Holland, 20 m. N. York Cape. Lon. 218 21' W. Lat. 10 33- S. Possession Point, cape on the N. W. coast of America, and E. coast of Cook's inlet. Lon. 209 12' E. Lat. 61 3' N. Possession Point, cape on the S. W. coast of New Holland. Lon. 1 18 12' E. Lat. 35 2' S. Possneck, t Germany, in Saxe-Cobourg, 53 m. S. S. W. Leipsic. Pop. 3,000. Posta, Fort fe, fort on the W. coast of Portugal, 5 m. N. Viana. Postelberg, v. Bohemia, on the Eger, 6 m. N. E. Saatz, 36 W. N. W. Prague. Pop. 1,000. Postheny, Puschtin, or Pistian, t. Hungary. Lon. 18 8' 35'' E. Lat. 48 36' 8" N. Post-hill, p-v. Morgan co. Geo. Poslhorse, isl. near the W. coast of Celebes. Lon. 119 18' E. Lat. 5 N. Posiiglione, t. Naples in the Principato Citra, 15 m. W. Cangiano. Pop. 1.900. POT Postillions, chain of rocks in the Eastern $ea, about 60 miles long, from N. W. to S. E. Lon. 119 18* to 1 19 54' E. Lat. 6 15' to 6 48' S. Potatoe River, r. Missouri, which falls into the S. side of the Osage. Poleau, or Pottoe, r. Arkansas, which rises in the Ozark mountains, near the sources of the Kiamesha, and flowing N. E. joins the Arkansas at Fort Smith. Potenza, t. Naples, in the Basilicata. It is the see of a bishop. 54 m. S. E. Benevento, 73 E. Na- ples. Poles, t. Spain, in Asturia, 30 m. W. S. W. San- tillana. Poti, t. Guriel, in the W. part of Caucasus, on the left bank of the Phasis, near its junction with the Euxine. It is now in the possession of the Russians. 80 m. W. S. W. Cotatis. Potaka. See Petoka. Potomac, r. U. States, which rises in the Alle- ghany mountains, and during its whole course is the boundary between Maryland and Virginia. It falls into Chesapeake bay between Point Look- out and Smith's point, by a mouth 7^ miles wide. It is navigable for ships of the greatest burden, 300 miles to the city of Washington, 3 m. below the head of the tide. The obstructions to the naviga- tion above the city of Washington are, 1. Little falls, 3 miles above the city, which descend 37 feet, and have been surmounted by a canal 2i miles long, with three locks. 2. Great falls, 8 miles further up, around which is a canal, one mile long, descending 76 feet by 5 locks. 3. Seneca falls, 6 miles above, which descend 10 feet. 4. Shenan- doah falls, 60 miles further up, where the Potomac breaks through the Blue Ridge. 5. Houre's falls, 5 miles above the Shenandoah falls. Canals have been dug around all these falls. The whole de- scent of the Potomac, from the mouth of Savage river to Cumberland, a distance of 31 miles, is 445 feet ; from Cumberland to the Shenandoah falls, 130 miles, it is 490 feet; at the Shenandoah, 43 feet in 5 miles ; from the Shenandoah to Great falls, 39 feet in 40 miles ; and between the Great falls and tide water, 143 feet in 12 miles ; making the whole descent, from the mouth of Savage riv- er to tide water, 1,160 feet in a distance of 219 miles. Potosi, formerly Mine-au-Burton, p-t. and cap. Washington co. Missouri. It contains a court- house, jail, academy, and about 60 houses. It is situated in the centre of the mining district. The number of mines within a circuit of 20 miles is about 40 ; hitherto little skill has been used in working them, yet the annual produce is estima- ted at 3,000,000 Ibs of lead. 60 m. W. S. W. St. Louis, 45 W. St. Genevieve. Potosi, city, and cap. of a government of the same name, in Buenos Ayres, celebrated for the richest silver mines in the world. It has a mint, six con vents, two nunneries, a college, and an hos- pital ; and its inhabitants are still chiefly concern- ed in the working of the mines, and consist of whites, mestizoes, and Indians. The celebrated mines of Potosi are in the the same mountain on which the city is built. This mountain is about 18 miles in circumference ; it is of a sharp conical figure, rising to the height of 4,360 feet above the plain. Above 300 mines or pits are worked, but all of them irregularly. Nothing can equal the ignorance with which the mining is carried on. POT I The mint of Potosi coined in 1790, 299,246 piastres of gold, and 3,293,173 of silver, or I 886,620 sterling. From the discovery of the ! mines in 1545, till 1803, they have supplied i 1,095,500,000 piasters, or 237,358,334 sterling, which has paid the royal duties, and this only in- cludes silver. 1,6 J 7 m. N. W. Buenos Ayres, 45 W. S. VV. La Plata, Lon. 67 22' W. Lat. 19 47' S. Pop. variously estimated from 30,000 to 100,000. Potosi, San Luis, a province of New Spain, which comprehends the whole of the N. E. part of the kingdom. On the 5. it is bounded by the intendancies of Vera Cruz, Mexico, and Guanax- uato ; on the E. by the gulf of Mexico ; and on the W. by Zacatecas and Durango. Extent, more than 200,000 sq. miles. Pop. 334,000. Potosi, San Luis, t. Mexico, cap. of the above intendancy. Lon. 100 41' W. Lat. 22 N. Pop. 12,000. Potro, r. Quito, which falls into the Amazon n the S. in lat. 4 44' S. Potsckinki, t. Eu. Russia, in Nischnei-Novgo- rod, 1 17 m. S. S. E. Nischnei-Novgorod. Pop. 4,000. Potsdam, a province of the Prussian states, in Brandenburg, comprehending the districts for- merly termed the Ucker Mark, the Mark of Pri- egnitz, and the greatest part of the Middle Mark. It lies between Pomerania and West Prussia on the N. and the province of Saxony on the S. and W. The city of Berlin, with a small district ly- ing around it, forms a distinct government. Area, about 8,000 square miles. Pop. 488,000. Potsdam, the chief town of the above govern- ment, is on the N. bank of the Havel. It is to Berlin, what Versailles is to Paris, having been, since the close of the 17th century, the occasional residence of the court. It is surrounded by a wall and ditch. The palace, on the bank of the Havel, is a magnificent structure. Pop. about 17,000, exclusive of military. The palace of Sans Souci, the favourite retreat of Frederick II, is three-quarters of a mile to the N. W. of Potsdam. 15 m. W. S. W. Berlin, 61 E. N. E. Dresden. Lon. IS-S'l'E. Lat. 52 24' 43" N. Potsdam, p-t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. 90 m. W. Plattsburg, 150 N. N. W. Albany. Pop, 1,911. Here is an academy. The village stands on Racket river, which has a fall here affording good mill seats. Pottendorf, t. Austria, 21 m. S. Vienna. Pop. 2,000. Potlenstein, t. Austria, 20 m. S. S. W. Vienna. Pop. 1,900. Potter, co. in the N. part of Pennsylvania. Pop. 186. Engaged in agriculture 47, in manufactures 3. Chief town, Cowdersport. Potter, t. Potter co. Pa. Pop. in 1810, 29. Potter, t. Green co. Pa. Pop. in 1810, 1,584. Potters, p-t. Centre co. Pa. Pop. 1,810. Polterstown, v. Hunterdon co. N. J. 5 m. E. Lebanon, 22 N. W. New-Brunswick. Poltietville, p-v. Louisa co. Va. Pott met, t. Bavaria, 16 m. N. N. E. Augsburg. Pop. 1,000. Pottot. See Poteau. Potion, or Pollen, t. Eng. in Bedfordshire, 12 m. E. Bedford, 48 N. by W. London. Pop. 1,154. Potion, t Bedford and Richelieu counties, Low- er Canada, on Lake Memphramagog. Potlsgroc,p~t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop. 1,882. 78 P O W 617 - Pnttslown, t. and borough Montgomery co. Pa. Pots-Neusiedd. See Laithafalu. Povance, t. France, in Maine-and-Loire, 34 m. N. W. Angers. Pop. 1,300. Poverty Bay, bay on the E. coast of New Zeal- and, in the S. Pacific ocean. Lon. 181 36' W. Lat. 3842'S. Poughkeepsie, p-t. and cap. Dutchess co. N. Y. stands on the E. bank of Hudson river, 85 m. S. of Albany, 75 N. of New- York. Fall creek, and Wappinger's creek pass through the town, and afford numerous sites for mills and manufactories. There are 5 landings on the Hudson, with con- venient store-houses and wharves, and the trade is very extensive. At the village of Barnegat, in the S. W. part of the township, lime is made, which has a high reputation. The village of Poughkeepsie is on a plain nearly one mile E. of the Hudson, and contained in 1812, an elegant court-house and jail, a bank, an academy, 5 houses of public worship, 2 printing offices, and 471 houses and stores. Many of the old houses are of stone, but those recently built are princi- pally of wood or brick. Pop. of the village, 3,401, of the town, 5,726. Pougomo, r. W. Africa, which falls into the At- lantic, in lat. 9 N. Pougues, t. France, in Nievre, 7 m. N. N. W. Nevers. Pop. 1,000. Pouillon, t. France, in Landes, 6 m. N. Dax. Pop. 2,800. Pouilly, t. France, on the Loire, in Nievre, 9 m, S. Cosne, 22 N. by W. Nevers. Pop. 2,400. Poujol, t. France, in Herault, 20m. N. W. Be- ziers. Pop. 1,000. Poule, Cape, cape, Sardinia, forming the W. pointer limit of the gulf ofCagliari. Poultney, p-t. Rutland co. Vt. on Poultney riv- er which falls into Lake Champlain. 37 m. W. Windsor. Pop. 1,955. Poulton, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 18 m. S. W, Lancaster, 231 N. N. W. London. Pop. 3,390. Poumaron River, r. Dutch Guiana, which en- ters the Atlantic in lat. 7 34' N. Ion. 58 47' W.- Poundridge, t. Westchester co. N. Y. 5 m. E, Bedford. Pop. 1,357. Povoa, t Portugal, in Beira, 13 m. N. VV. Co- imbra. Povoa, t. Portugal, in Estremadura, on the Ta- gus, 2 m. N. Lisbon. Poussan, t. France, in Herault, 14 m. S. W. Montpelier. Pop. 1,300. Powally, t. India, in Tinnevelly. Lon. 77 59' E. LaL 9 39' N. Powanghur, fort, Hind, in Gujerat. Lon. 73* 39' E. Lat. 22 31' N. PowelVs Key, small isl. among the Bahamas. Lon. 77 30 7 W. Lat. 26 45' N. PowelVs Point, cape on the coast of N. Carolina, at the entrance into Albermarle sound. Lon. 76 4' W. Lat. 36 1' N. PoweWs Point, cape of Virginia, in James riv- er. Lon. 76 24' W. Lat. 37 2' N. Powell's River, r. which rises from Powell's mountain in Virginia, passes into Tennessee, and joins Clinch river 38 m. N. E. Knoxville. It is said to be navigable for boats nearly 100 miles. Powell's Galley, valley between Powell's and Cumberland mountains, 80 or 90 miles long, and from 10 to 18 wide, nearly equally divided be- tween Virginia and Tennessee. Poiqelton, p-t. Hancock co. Geo. on the Ogee- 618 P R A P R A chee, about 40 m. above Louisville, 15 N. Spar- ta. It has a flourishing academy, and two church- es. Powhatan, co. Va. bounded N. by James river. E. by Chesterfield co. S. by the Appomatox, and W. by Cumberland co. Pop. 8,292. Slaves 5,476. Engaged in agriculture 2,442, in commerce 9, in manufactures 745. Chief town, Scott 'sville. Powiedzisk. See Pudewilz. Poirienils, t. Russia, in Olonetz, on Lake Onega. Lon. 34 40' E. Lat. 62 50' 40'' N. Potcnal, p-t. Cumberland co. Maine, 18 m. N. E.Portland. Pop. 1,031. Poicnalj p-t. Bennington co. Vt. 6 m. S. Ben- nington. Pop. 1,812. Pownafs Island, isl. near the E. coast of Labra- dor. Lon. 61 15' W. Lat. 57 10' N. Powow, r. which rises in N. Hampshire, and runs into the Merrimack in Massachusetts, between Salisbury and Amesbury. Near its mouth it falls, in the course of 50 rods, 100 feet. Many mills are erected here, and the scenery is uncom- monly romantic. Poyais, t. Mexico, in Honduras, 110 m. W. N. W. Secklong, 55 S. Cape Cameron. Poysdorf, t. Austria, 33 m. N. by E. Vienna. Pop. 3,900. Poson, one of the smaller Philippine islands, near the W. coast of Leyta. Lon. 124 24' E. Lat. 10 43' N. Possolengo, t. Austrian Italy, 8 m. W. N. W. Verona. Fop. 2,000. Poszol Formigaro, t. Italy, 2 m. N. Novi. Pop. 2,400. Pozzuoli. See Puszuolo. Pracels, small islands in the Chinese sea, 60 m. E. Cochin China. Lon. 110 to 111 E. Lat. 11 40' to 16 10 N. Prachatitz, t. Bohemia, 76 m. S. by W. Prague. Pop. i>,300. Prachin, one of the circles into which Bohemia is divided, in the S. W. corner of the kingdom. Area, 1,820 square miles. Pop. 210,000. The chief town is Piseck. Prada, t. Austrian Italy, 3 m. S. Chiavenna. Praddles, t. France, 18m. S. Le Puy. Pop. 1,200. Prades, t. France, in Eastern Pyrenees, 26 m. \V. by S. Perpignan. Pop. 2,400. Prades, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 22 m. N. W. Tarragona. Prcestoe, s-p. Denmark, on the S. E. coast of Zealand, 42m. S. S. W. Copenhagen. Praga, t. Poland, on tbe Vistula, opposite War- saw, with which it communicates by a bridge of boats. Pragge, t. Birman empire, in Pegu. Lat. 17 23' N. Prague, the capital of Bohemia, is on both sides of the Moldau, arid surrounded by a moat and earthen mound. It is the seat of the government offices of Bohemia, and of the courts of justice, as well as the military head quarters. It is also the general rendezvous of the families of the nobility and gentry. Of the population, computed at 85,000, nearly 7,000 are Jews, and about 5,000 strangers. The university is the oldest in Germany, having been founded" in 1348. The present number of drofossors is about 40 ; that of students 900. The public library contains above 100,000 volumes. Linen, cotton, and silk, are manufactured exten- sively at Prague. 144 m. N. N. W. Vienna, 75 S. S. E. Dresden. Lon. (of the observatory) 14 25' 10" E. Lat. 50" 5' 23" N. Prairie, t. Franklin co. Ohio. Pop. 322. Prairie, t. Wayne co. Ohio, 5 m. S. Wooster. Pop. 706. Prairie du Cluen, settlement and seat of justice, Crawford co. North West Territory, at the con- fluence of the Ouisconsin with the Mississippi. The houses are built principally on the Mississip- pi, about 3 miles above the mouth of the Ouiscon- sin. This place was originally settled by the French, who have so generally intermarried with the Indians, that the present inhabitants, amount- ing to between 300 and 400, are almost entirely of mixed blood. In the spring and autumn, nume- rous traders resort here, as well as Indians of dif- ferent tribes engaged in the fur trade. Above the settlement stands Fort Crawford, which is strong and well garrisoned. Prairie river, r. N. W. Territory, which join? the Mississippi, 10 m. below Peckagama falls. It communicates by short portages with St. Louis river. Prairie du Rocher, p-t. Randolph co. 111. in the tract called the American bottom, 5 m. from the Mississippi, 12 N. Kaskaskia. Pop. about 400. Pralkville, p-v. Hunterdon co. N. J. Pram Pram, s-p. on the Gold coast of Africa, 30 m. E. S. E. Accra. Praslin, t. France, in Aube, 9 m. S. W. Bar sur Seine. Praslin, isl. in the Indian sea, one of the group called the Sechelles. Lon. 55 47' E. Lat. 4 19' S. Prasomisi, small isl, in Greece, near the en- trance of the gulf of Salonica, 16 m. S. E. Scopelos. Prassoude, small isl. of Greece, at the entrance of the gulf of Salonica, 3 m. from the coast of Mag- nesia. Prasto, t. Greece, in the Morea, 16 m. N. by E. Misitra. Pratas, islets in the Chinese sea, 300 m. S. S. E. Canton. Lon. 116 43' E. Lat. 19 32' N. Prato, t. Tuscany, on the Bisenzio, with a citadel and surrounded by walls, 6 m. S. E.Pistoja, 9 N. N. W. Florence. Pop. 10,500. Prato, v. Switz. in Ticino, 21 m. S. by W. Lo- carno. Prato Vecchio, t. Italy, 23 m. E. Florence. Prats de Molo, t. France, in Eastern Pyrenees, 14m.W. S. W. Ceret. Pop. 3,000. Lon. 2 39' E. Lat. 42 26' N. Pratleln, or Braiteln, v. Switz. near Basle. Prattsburg, p-t. Steuben co. N. Y. Pop. 1,377 Prattsville, p-v. Alleghany co. Md. Pratz del Rey, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 9 m. N. Manresa. Pratzen, v. Austrian states, in Moravia, 3 m. W. Austerlitz. Prausska, or Prasska, t. Poland, on the Prosna, 50 m. S. by E. Kalisch. Pop. 800. Praussnits, t. Prussian Silesia, 18 m. N. Bres- lau. Pop. 1,800. Praya, s-p. and cap. of the island of Tercera, one of the Azores. Pop. 3,000. Praya, t. Ardra, on the slave coast of Africa, 30 m. N. E. Grand Popo. Praya, Porto, t. and cap. of St. Jago, one of the Cape de Verd islands. The bay is of easy ac- cess, and the anchorage safe. A fort placed on the summit of a hill, commands the harbour. It is the residence of the governor-general of the Portuguese settlements. P R E Prefete, co. in the W. part of Ohio. Pop. 10,237. Engaged in agriculture 2,313, in commerce 14, in i nanufactures 289. Chief town, Eaton. Prebk, p-t.Courtlandtco. N. Y. 150 m. W. Al- ; aany. Pop. 1,257. Prechac, t. France, in Gironde, 34 m. S. S. E. Bourdeaux. Pop. 2,700. Precigne, t. France, in Sarthe, 6 m. S. Sable, 14 W. by N. La Fleche. Pop. 2,100. Precopia, Orkub, or Urkup, t. Eu. Turkey, 16 m. VV. Nissa. Lon. 21 20' E. Lat. 43 30' N. Pop. 6,000. Frees, t. Denmark, in Holstein, 9 m. N. E. Kiel. Pop. 3,100. Predom. See Pridemost. Pregel, r. East Prussia, formed by the junction of the Angerap and the Pissa, which falls into the Frische Haflf, below Konigsberg. Near that city it is above 300 feet in width, and of sufficient depth to admit large vessels, were they not pre- vented entering by a bar at its mouth. Preluka, s-p. Austrian States, in Istria, on the Adriatic, near Castua. Pr emery, L France, on the river Nievre, 14m. E. La Charite, 17 N. E. Nevers. Pop. 1,300. Premislau. See Prsemysl. Prenn, t. Poland, 23 m. E. N. E. Marianpol. Lon. 23 59' 35" E. Lat. 53 37' 23" N. Pop. 1,300. Prenslow, t. Prussian States, on the Ucker, 73 m. N. N. W. Frankfort on the Oder, 56 N. N. E. Berlin. Lon. 13 53' E. Lat. 53 17' N. Pop. 8,000. Preparis, the most northern of the Andaman islands, in the entrance of the bay of Bengal. Lon. 93 40' E. Lat. 14 50' N. P remit, a circle of Moravia, bordering on Aus- trian Silesia. Area, 1,210 square miles. Pop. 215,000. Prerau, the capital, is 13 m. S. E. Ol- mutz, 140 E. S. E. Prague. Pop. 2,300. Prerau, Old, t. Bohemia, on the Elbe, 18 m. E. by N. Prague. Presall, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 5i m. N. by \V. Poulton. Pop. 589. Presburg, or Posonyi-Farmegye, a palatinate of Hungary, in the angle formed by the March and the Danube, at their junction. Area, 1,740 sq. miles. Pop. 200,000. Presburg, or Posony, a large t. Hungary, on the N. bank of the Danube, on a hill of moderate ele- vation, overlooking a vast plain. The Danube, here nearly half a mile wide, is crossed by a flying bridge. The fortifications have been demolished. It was here that a treaty was concluded between France and Austria, 26th December, 1805. 38 m. E. by S Vienna, 107 W. N. W. Pesth. Lon. 17 10' E. Lat. 48 8' N. Pop. 30,000. Prescot, t. Eng. in Lancaster co. 8 m. E. Liver- pool, 198 N. N. W. London. Lon. 2 48' W. Lat. 53 26' N. Pop. 3,675. Prescott, v. Up. Canada, in Greenville co. on the St. Lawrem-e, opposite Ogdenslmrg. Prescott, t. Hampshire co. Mass, incorporated in Presque Isle. See Erie. Presque Isle, r. N.W. Territory, which runs in- to Lake Superior, between Montreal and Ontana- gen rivers. It is 30 yards wide at its mouth. Presr/uis, Point de la, cape on the N. W. coast of Hi?paniola. Lon. 74 4' VV. Lat. 19 52' N. Pres$as, or Praistcu, t. France, in Lot-and-Ga- ronne, 9 m. N. W. A^en. Pop. 1,600. P R I 619 Pressath, t. Bavaria, 21 m. N. Amberg. Pop. 1,500. Pressigny, t. France, in Indre-and-Loire, 33 m. S. Tours. Pop. 1,000. Pressnilz, or Brsesnicse, t. Bohemia, 22 m. W. N. W. Saatz. Pop. 2,300. Presleigne, borough, Wales, in Radnor co. near the S. bank of the Lug, 30 m. W. N. W. Worces- ter. Lon. 2 59' W. Lat. 52 16' N. Pop. 1,114. Preston, v. Scotland, in Haddingtonshire, 8 m. E. Edinburgh. Preston, borough t. in Lancashire, Eng. on the Ribble, 15 miles from its mouth. During the last 20 or 30 years it has become the seat of very extensive manufacturing establishments, and has very rapidly increased. In 1790, the popula- tion was generally estimated at 6,000; in 1801, 11,887 ; inlSll, 17,065; in 1819, 21,958. 31 m. fr. Liverpool, 22 S. Lancaster, 214 N. W. London. Preston, t. Eng. in Cumberland, 2 m. S. White- haven. Pop. 3,261. Preston, p-t. New-London co. Ct. on the E. side of the Quinebaug, 44 m. S. E. Hartford. Pop. 1,899. Preston, t. Chenango co. N. Y. 5 m. W. Nor- wich, 115 W. Albany. Pop. 1,092. Preston, co. Virginia, formed in 1818, of a part of Monongalia county. Pop. 3,422. Slaves 80. Engaged in agriculture 925, in commerce 6, in manufactures 33. Preston, p-v. Harrison co. Va. Preston-kirk, v. Scotland, in East Lothian, 5 m. E. Haddington. Pop. 500. Prestonpans, t. Scotland, in Haddingtonshire, noted for its salt-works. Here Sir John Cope was defeated in 1745, by the Highlanders. 8 m. E. Edinburgh, 9i N.W. Haddington. Pop. 1,964. Prestonsburg, t. Floyd co. Ken. Here is an academy, incorporated in 1820. Presumscut, small r. Cumberland co. Maine, which is fed by Sebacook lake, and empties itself into Casao bay. It is 14 miles long and abounds with excellent mill seats, having no less than 14 falls. Numerous saw-mills are erected, particu- larly at the village of Saccarappa. Prelsch, t. Prussian Saxony, in Mersebnrg, on the Elbe, 9 m. S. S. E. Wittenburg. Pop. 1,100. Prevesa, s-p. Eu. Turkey, in Albania, at the en- trance of the gulf of Arta. 45 m. S. by W. Joan- nina. Lon. 20 46' E. Lat. 39 22' N. Pop. 8,000, chiefly Greeks. Prevesa, Gulf of. See Arta. Preuilly, t. France, in Indre-and-Loire, 40 m. N. by E. Tours. Pop. 1,700. Prewald, t. Austrian States, in Carniola, 20 m. E. N. E. Trieste. Prexil, small isl. near the N. coast of Jamaica. Lon. 76 40' W. Lat. 18 27' N. Prfye, or Prye, s-p. of W. Africa, in Cant ore. Pres en Pail, t. France, 14 m. W. Alencon. Pop. 2,300. Priaman, t. Sumatra, on the W. coast. Lon. 99 43' E. Lat. 36' S. Pribilina, v. Hungary, 28 m. W. N. W. Kes- mark. Pop. 1.000. Price's Store, p-v. Spartanburg district, S. C. Prickly Pear, small isl. near the N. coast of An- tigua. Lon. 61 30' W. Lat. 17 18' N. Pridemost, or Predem, v. Prussian States, 13 m. S. E. Great Glogau. Pop. 900. Priebus, or Prybus, t. Prussian States, in Lic;- oitz, 15 m. S.W. Sagan. Pop. 800. 620 P R I Pricgmf*, or the Formarfc, the former name of * district of the marquisate of Brandenburg, bounded by the Elbe on the S. W. and by the grand dutchy of Mecklenburg on the N. Its su- perficial extent is about 1,300 square miles ; its population nearly 80,000. It is now included in the government of Potsdam. Pricgo, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 11 m. E. Luce- na. Fop. 2,500. Prieslliobn, small isl. in the Irish sea, near the N. E. coast of the island of Anglesey, 5 m. N. E. Beaumaris, 14 N. W. Con way bay. Pricto, Cape, cape in the N. of Spain, on the coast of Asturias. Lon. 4 53' W. Lat. 43 38' N. Priluki, t. Eu. Russia, in Poltava, on the river Udai, 80 m. S. S. E. Czernigov, 128 W. N. W. Poltava. Lon. 32 44' E. Lat. 51 3' N. Pop. 2,500. Primciras, small islands near the E. coast of Af- rica. Lon. 35 25' E. Lat. 17 45' S. Primkenau, t. Prussian States, 14 m. S. W. Great Glogau. Pop. 1,000. Primolano, t Austrian Italy, 25 m. S. Trent. Primorie, district, Austrian Dalmatia. Pop. 15,000. Chief town, Macarsca. Prince's Island, isl. in the Eastern seas, off the N.W. extremity of Java, at the disfance of about two leagues. Lon. 105 15' E. Lat. 6 25' S. Prince's Island, isl. off the W. coast of Africa, in the gulf of Benin, 90 miles in circumference. Lon. 7 10'E. Lat. 150'N. Prince's Islands, 4 small islands in the sea of Marmora, near the straits of Constantinople, 20 ru. from Constantinople. Prince Ernest's Sound, inlet in the N. W. coast of America, which branches off to the N. E. from the Duke of Clarence's strait, and separates the Duke of York's island on the S. E. from the con- tinental shore. It is from 1 to 6 miles broad. Prince Edward, co. Upper Canada, is a penin- sula, with some neighbouring islands, lying be- tween the bay of Quinti and lake Ontario. Prince Edward, co. Va. Pop. 12,577. Slaves 7,616. Engaged in agriculture 3,767, in com- merce 37, in manufactures 2,108. Chief town, Jamestown. At the court-house is a post-office. Hampden Sidney College is in this county. In 1821 its officers were a president and 2 tutors, and the number of students was 101, including 15 in the grammar school. Prince Edward's Island. See St. John's. Prince Frederick, t. Calvert co. Md. 3 m. S. Huntington, 40 S.W. Annapolis. Prince Frederick, garish, Georgetown district, S. C. Prince Frederick's Sound, inlet off the N. W. coast of America. Lon. 225 42' to 227 20' E. Lat. 56" 52Ho 57 1 2' N. Prince George, co. on the western shore of Md. bounded N. E. by Anne Arundel co. E. by Cal- vert co. S. by Charles co. W. by the Potomac, and N. VV. by the district of Columbia and Montgom- ery co. Pop. 20,216. Slaves 11,185. Engaged in agriculture 6,483, in commerce 7!, in manufac- tures 616. Chief town, Upper Marlborough. Prince George, co. Va. on the S. side of James river. Pop. 8,030. Slaves 4,323. Engaged in agriculture 2,342, in commerce 8, in manufactures 244. At the court-house is a post-office. Prince Leopold's Isles, 2 small islands in Bar- row's strait, near the entrance of Prince Regent's inlet. Lon. 80 VV. Prince Regent's Inlet, inlet on the S. shore of P R I Barrow's strait, explored by Captain Parry 120 mile?. It is 10 leagues wide at its mouth. Prince Rupert's Head, cape on the VV. coast of Dominica. Lou. 61 31' W. Lat. 15 42' N. Prince of Wale's Archipelago, large isl. in the Pacific ocean, 110 miles long from N. VV. to S. E. and from 30 to 40 broad. Lon. 226 20' to 228 26' E. Lat. 54 42' to 56 21' N. Prince of Wales, Cape, the N. W. extremity of the American continent, opposite East Cape, on the shore of Asia. Lon. 191 45' E. Lat. 65 46' N. Prince of Walts' Foreland, cape on the E. coast ofKerguelen'sLand. Lon. 72 22' E. Lat. 49* 39' S. Prince of Wales' Foreland, the S. point of New Caladonia. Lon. 165 57' E. Lat. 22 29' S. Prince of Wales' Fort, fort, N. America, on Churchill river, belonging to the Hudson Bar Company. Lon. 94 7' W. Lat. 58 47' N. Prince of Walef Islands, islands, supposed tr extend from New Holland to New Guinea. Prince of Wales' Island, isl. in the Pacific ocean, 60 miles long. Lon. 151" 53' W. Lat. 15 S. Prince of Wales' Island, called also Pulo Pi- nang, or Belel Nut Island, isl. of the W. coast of the Malay peninsula, from which it is separated by a narrow strait, about two miles broad, which forms the harbour, and affords excellent anchorage for the largest ships. A small detachment of English troops from Calcutta, took possession of the island in the name of his majesty, and for the use of the East India Company, on the 12lh of Au- gust 1786 ; and it has since rapidly increased in population and importance. Extent, 160 sq. miles. Pop. according to a late census 35,000, of whom 14,000 are Malays, and 7,000 or 8,000 Chinese. Here are to be seen British, Dutch, Portuguese. Americans, Arabs, Parsees. Chinese, Chulia?, Ma- lays, Buggesses, Birmans, Siamese, Javanese, &c. &c. The East India Company's ships bound to China, touch here, and load large quantities of tin, canes, rattans, sago, pepper, betel nut, &c. for the China market; and in this small island now centres the whole trade of the straits of Malacca and adjacent islands. The value of the goods im- ported from England, amounted, in 1807, to 76,000 ; in 1810, to 38,253. The London Missionary Society has two missionaries here. Lon. of the N. E. point, 100 19' E. Lat. 5 25' N. Prince William, t. York co. New Brunswick, on the W. side of the river St. John. Prince William, co. Va. on the Potomac. Pop. 9,419. Slaves 4,380. Engaged in agriculture 4,565, in commerce 37, in manufactures 44. Chief town, Haymarket. Prince William, parish, Beaufort district, S. C. Prince William's Islands, islands in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 179 E. Lat. 17 19' S. Prince William's Sound, a great inlet of the Pacific ocean, on the N American coast, which occupies at least a degree and a half of latitude, and two of longitude. It requires the greatest circumspection to navigate it, on account of the rocks and shoals. Lon. 147 W. Lat. 59 30' to 61 N. Pi tnce William Henry's Island, isl. in the Pa- cific 01 -nan, about 70 miles in circumference. Lon. 149 30' E. Lat. r"J2'S. Princess Jinn, p-t. and cap. Somerset co. Md. on Munokin creek, 40 m. S. Cambridge. It is one of the best built towns on the Kastern shore of Ma- ryland. The public buildings are a court-house P R I and jail, a bank, and 3 churches, 1 for Presbyteri- ans, 1 for Episcopalians, and 1 for Methodists. Princess Ann, co. Va. on Chesapeake bay and the Atlantic. Pop. 8,768. Slaves 3,705. En- gaged in agriculture 3,020, in commerce 23. Chief town, Kempsville. Prince Royal's Harbour, a harbour on the S. \V. coast of New Holland, and W. part of King George the Third's sound. Lon. 118 9' E. Lat. 35 3 S. Prince Royal's Islands, a group of islands on the W. coast of N. America, E. of Queen Charlotte's islands, with a navigable channel between. Princeton, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 16 m. N. Worcester, 52 W. by N. Boston. Pop. 1,261. Wachusett mountain is in the N. part of the town. It is 2,989 feet above the level of the sea. Princeton, p-t. Schenectady co. N. Y. 7 m. W. Sehenectady. Pop. 1,073. Princeton, p-t. N. J. partly in Middlesex co. and partly in Somerset co. 11 m. N. E. Trenton, 16 S. W. New Brunswick, 40 N. E. Philadelphia, 50 S. W. New- York. Lat. 40 22' N. ' Lon. 74 35' W. It is a pleasant town, and contains a College, a Theological Seminary, a brick Presbyterian church, and about 100 dwelling houses. The college of New -Jersey in this place was founded in 1738, and has always been one of the most respectable and flourishing literary institu- tions in the country. In 1822, it had a president, who also instructs in the Holy Scriptures, the Evidences of Divine Revelation, Moral Philoso- phy, and Logic ; a vice-president, who is also professor of languages and belles lettres ; a pro- fessor of mathematics and mechanical philosophy ; 3 tutors, and 148 students, including 20 resident graduates. The college library contains about 8,000 volumes ; the philosophical apparatus is complete, and includes an elegant orrery, con- structed by Mr. Rittenhouse; the cabinet of min- eralogy and natural history is valuable. The col- lege edifice is styled Nassau Hall, in honour of the Prince of Orange. It is of stone, is 180 feet long, 52 broad, and 4 stories high, and contains a chap- el and 60 rooms for students. Besides the princi- pal building, there are 2 wings, each 60 feet by 30, containing the library, recitation rooms, &c. The whole number of alumni of the college in in 1815, was 1,425, of whom 1,023 were then liv- ing. The necessary annual expenses of each stu- dent, exclusive of clothes, books, and pocket- money, amount to |225. The requisites for ad- mission into the freshman class, are a knowledge of Caesar's commentaries, Sallust, select parts of Ovid's Metamorphoses, Virgil, Cicero's Orations, the Greek Testament, Gneca Minora, Clarke's or Mair's Introduction to the making of Latin, Arithmetic, English Grammar, and Geography. The annual commencement is on the last Wednes- day of September. The fall vacation begins the day after commencement, and expires in 6 weeks. The spring vacation begins on the first Thursday after the second Tuesday in April, and expires in 4 weeks. A Theological Seminary was established in this Cje in 1812, by the General Assembly of the sbytenan church. It has 2 professors, one of C Mr,,] polemic Theology, the other of Ec- 5sia?tical history ; a partial provision has also been made forinstriiftion in Oriental and Biblical Literature. The edifice for the accommodation of the institution is an elegant stone building 150 feet by 50, four stories high, and containing rooms PRO 621 for 100 students. The term of study is 3 years. Tuition is afforded gratis to all the students, and there are funds for the support of the indigent. The number of students in 1822 was 95, 4 of whom were resident licentiates. In 1821 a union was effected of the Presbyterian and the Associate Reformed churches, and also of their respective Theological Seminaries. The library of the As sociate Reformed Church's Theological Seminary originally established in New- York, and consisting of 4,000 valuable volumes, (which cost $17,000,) was transferred to Princeton, and the funds of the two institutions were united. Princeton, p-t. Caldwell co. Ken. Princeton, p-t. Butler co. Ohio, 6 m. E. Hamil- ton. Princeton, p-t. and cap. Gibson co. Indiana, on a handsome elevation, 4 m. S. of the river Potoka, 28 S. Vincennes, 28 N. Evansville on the Ohio. In 1818, it contained a court-house and jail, bank, and 93 dwelling-houses. Principato Cilra, province in the central part of the kingdom, of Naples, having the Mediterra- nean to the W. Extent, 2,400 square miles. Pop^ about 245,000. The capital is Salerno. Principato Ultra, province of the kingdom of Naples. Extent, 1,800 square miles. Pop. 358,000. The chief town is Avellino. Princippe, t. and cap. Cuba, is situated near the centre of the island. Pringle, Point, cape on the N. E. coast of Ker- gnelen's Land. Lon. 69 14' E. Lat. 48 48' S. Prinkipo, the largest and most eastern of the Prince's islands, a league from the coast of Asia Minor. Lon. 28 56' E. Lat. 40 51' N. Prionino, Cape, promontory of Spain, on the N. coast of Galicia. Lon. 8 15' W. Lat. 43 28' N. Prior's Leigh, t. Eng. in Salop, 3 m. W. N. W. Shiffnal. Pop. 1,788. Prioro, Cape, cape, Spain, on the N. coast of Galicia. Lon. 8 22' W. Lat. 43 34' 15" N. Pripecz. See Prsipiec. Pr isr end, or Prisrendi. See Per serin. Pritzerbe, t. Prussian States, in Brandenburg, on the Havel, 8 m. N. N. E. Brandenburg. Pop. 900. Pritsler''s Harbour, bay on the N. side of Hud- son's straits. Lon. 67 10' W. Lat. 62 N. Pritzwalk, t. Prussian States, in Brandenburg, 63 m. N. W. Berlin, 14 E. N. E. Perleberg. Pop. 1,800. Privas, t. France, cap. of Ardeche, on three riv- ulets near the Rhone. 22 m. S. W. Valence, 28 S. S. W. Tournon. Pop. 3,000. Probolingo,c&p. of a district of Java, now occu- pied by the British government. Probus, v. Eng. in Cornwall, 3 m. W. Gram- pound. Pop. 1,163. Proby, Cape, the N. E. point of Howe's island, one of Queen Charlotte's islands. Lon. 164 31' W. Lat. 11 3 S. Probes Island, small isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 175 51' W. Lat. 1553'S. Procida, isl. of the Mediterranean, off the coast of Naples. 22 m. W Naples. Lon. 1348'E. Lat. 40 50' N. Pop. 12,000. Proctors Point, cape off the S. coast of Antigua. Lon. 61 29' W. Lat. 17 8' N. Prodnno, (an. Prote,} small isl. of Greece, off the W. coast of the Morea, 16 m. N. by W. Nava- rin. Lat. 37 10' N. Prodselten, t. Bavarian States, on the Maine, 17 m, S. S. E. Aschaffenburg. Pop. 800. 622 PRO PRO Prokopia. See Precopia. Prome, or Prone, city of the Birtnan empire, on the E. bank of the Irrawuddy river, in a fertile plain. It carries on a considerable trade. Lon. 95 E. Lat. 1850'N. Proskurow, or Proskuirow, t. Russian Poland, in Podolia, 45 m. N. N. E. Caminiec. Prospect, p-t. Hancock co. Maine, on the W. side of the Penobscot, at its entrance into Penob- scot bay, 15 m. N. W. Castine, 227 N. E. Boston. Pop. 1,771. Prospect, p-t. Prince Edward co. Va. Prospect-hill, p-v. Fairfax co. Va. 14 m. W. Washington. Prosperous, v. Ireland, in Kildare, 5 m. N. N. W. Naas. Prossnitz, or Prosliegow, t. Austrian States, in Moravia, 9 m. S. S. W. Olmutz. Pop. 7,000. Prosto, t. Austrian Italy, 8 m. S. Bormio. Proszna, r. which forms the boundary between the Russian and Prussian Poland, and falls into the Wartha at Peisern. Protection Port, harbour at the N. W. extremi- ty of Prince of Wales' Archipelago. Lon. of the entrance, 226 35' E. Lat. 56 20' N. Provence, formerly a province in the S. E. of France, bounded E. by Italy, S. by the Mediterra- nean. It now forms the departments of the Lower Alps, the Var, the Mouths-of-the-Rhone, and part of Vaucluse. Providen, small isl. off the N. coast of Ceylon, 28 m. S. S. E. Trincomalee. Providence, New, one of the Bahama islands, 35 miles long and 9 broad. It has a good harbour, formed by Hog island on the N. and by the main- land of New Providence on the S. Nassau, the principal town, is situated along the S. side of the harbour, and is one of the most picturesque situa- tions in the West Indies. Considerable trade has been of late carried on between the Bahama isl- ands and the United States. Pop. in 1803, 1,758 whites, 817 people of colour, and 2,515 slaves ; total, 5,090. It is between Ion. 77 10' and 77 38' W. lat.253' N. Providence, isl. in the W. part of the Caribbe- an sea, near the coast of Honduras. Providence, small isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 127 12' E. Lat. 4" 2' N. Providence, small isl. in the Indian sea. Lon. 5246'E. Lat. 9 10' S. Providence, Cape, promontory in the straits of Magellan, on the 8. American shore. Lon. 75 29' W. Lat 52 58' S. Providence, Capt, cape of Oonalashka. Lon. 166 10' W. Lat. 54 5' N. Providence, small isl. in the Indian sea. Lon. 78 E. Lat. 5 6' N. Providence, Great and Little, small islands in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 135" 53' E. Lat. 24' S. Providence, co. Rhode- Island, bounded N. and E. by Massachusetts, S. by Kent co. and W. by Connecticut. Pop. 35,736. Engaged in agricul- ture 5,346, in commerce 504, in manufactures 3,780. Chief town, Providence. Providence, p-t. and port of entry, Providence eo. R. Island, the largest town in the State, and the third in New-England in point of population, stands on Providence river, just above the mouth of the Seekhonk, 35 m. from the ocean, 30 N. by W. Newport, 59 N. E. New-London, 74 E. Hart- ford, 40 S. S. W. Boston. Lon. 71 10 W. Lat. 41 l 5rN. Pop. 11,767. The town is built on both sides of the river, and the two parts are con- nected by an elegant bridge. Merchant ships ot the largest class ascend to this place. Providence is one of the wealthiest and most flourishing towns of its size in the United States. Tne principal source of its prosperity is the cotton manufacture, which was introduced about fifteen years ago, and has increased with astonishing ra- pidity. There are now more than 100 cotton fac- tories in Rhode-Island and the adjacent parts of Connecticut and Massachusetts, the business of which is transacted principally in Providence. Among the manufacturing establishments within the town, are 5 cotton factories, 2 woollen facto- ries, 3 dye.-houses, 5 distilleries, 3 rope-walks, 2 spermaceti works, and 10 jeweller's shops, where jewelry is manufactured principally for exporta- tion. The commerce of the town has increased with its manufactures. The amount of shipping in 1819, was 19,000 tons, of which about 5,000 were employed in the East-India trade, and 5 or 6,000 in the coasting trade with the southern States, connected principally with the cotton busi- ness. About 10 vessels are constantly employed in the exportation of cotton goods. Packets ply regularly between Providence and Newport, Bris- tol, and Warren. The town contains a court-honse, market-house, town-house, theatre, jail, hospital, 7 banks, inclu- ding a branch of the U. S. Bank ; 6 insurance com- panies, 4 printing-offices, from 3 of which newspa- pers are issued ; the college edifices, a public li- brary, 3 academies, including the Friends' board- ing school, and 8 religious societies, 3 of Congre- gationalists, 2 of Baptists, 1 of Episcopalians, 1 of Friends, and 1 of Methodists. Several of the churches are elegant edifices. Many of the pri- vate houses are handsome. In September 1815, the town suffered severely from a tremendous gale which forced the water in the river many feet above the highest tides, and deluged the town, de- stroying houses and shipping to an amount esti- mated at 1 1,500,000. Brown University in this place is one of the most flourishing and respectable literary institu- tions in the United States. It was originally es- tablished at Warren in 1764, and was removed t<> Providence in 1770. In 1822, it had a president, 9 professors, viz. 1 of mathematics and natural philosophy, 1 of law, 1 of moral philosophy and metaphysics, 1 of oratory and belles lettres, 2 of anatomy and surgery, 1 of materia medica and botany, 1 of the theory and practice of physic, and 1 of chemistry; 2 tutors and 157 students. The library contains more than 5,000 volumes, and the philosophical apparatus is extensive and com- plete. There are 2 collegiate edifices of brick, one is 150 feet by 46, four stories high, containing 48 rooms for students, and 8 large rooms for pub- lic uses ; the other, recently erected by Hon. Nicholas Brown, at his own expense, contains 48 rooms for students. The site is elevated and com- mands a fine prospect. The president and a ma- jority of the Trustees are required to be of th Baptist denomination. There is a grammar school connected with the University, containing usually about 30 students. Providence, North, p-t. Providence co. R. Isl- and, 4 m. N. of Providence. It contains 10 cot- ton factories, 2 furnaces, 1 slitting-mill, 2 anchor shops, arid several other manufactories. The vil- lage of Pawtucket is in this town. See Paurtucket. Providence, River, R. Island, is formed by Wa- nasquiatucket and Moshasuck, which unite jit?* 1 P R U above Providence. It runs into Providence bay, the northern arm of Narraganset bay, and is navi- gable to Providence for ships of 900 tons. Providence, p-t. Saratoga co. N. Y. 14 m. S. W. Saratoga, 34 VV. Albany. Pop. 1,515. Providence, t. Essex co. N. J. on the Passaic, W. of Newark. Pop. in 1 8 J 0, 756. Providence, t. Luzerne co. Pa. Pop. 861. Providence, p-t. Bedford co. Pa. Pop. 1,822. Providence, Lower, t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop. 1.146. Providence, Nether, t. Delaware co. Pa. Pop. 566. Providence, Upper, t. Delaware co. Pa. Pop. 736. Providence, Upper, t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop. 1,670. Providence, p-t. Mecklenburg co. N. C. Provincetown, p-t. Barnstable co. Mass, at the extremity of the peninsula of Cape Cod, 3 m. S. E. Race Point, 60 S. E. Boston, by water, 116 by land. Its harbour, which is one of the best in the State, opens to the southward, end has depth of water for any ships. The houses are one story high, and set on piles, that the driving sands may pass under them, otherwise they would be buried. The inhabitants derive their subsistence from the prosecution of the fisheries, and are dependent on Boston and on the towns in the vicinity for every vegetable production. They have a few cows, which pick a scanty subsistence from roots and beach grass. Pop. 1,252. Lat. 42 3' N. Lon. 70 9'W. Proi'ins, t. France, in Seine-and-Marne, 42 m. W. by N. Troyes, 60 S. E. Paris. Pop. 5,500. Prudence, isl. in Narraganset bay, belonging to Portsmouth, R. Island, 6 miles long. 2 m. S. W. Bristol. Pruna, Punta, cape of the island of Minorca. Lon. 4 17' E. Lat. 39 49' N. Prunes, Islands of, small isl. near the E. coast of Madagascar. Lon. 49 48' E. Lat. 18 S. Prunlylown, p-t. Harrison co. Va. Prussia, or the Prussian States, kingdom, Eu- rope, consisting principally of two territories, en- tirely distinct and separate from each other, one lying in the east, the other in the west of Germa- ny. The eastern division is much the largest, com- prehending five-sixths of the whole, and is bound- ed N. by the Baltic ; E by Russia ; S. by the Austrian dominions and Saxony ; W. by several small German States. The western division lies on both sides of the river Rhine, and is bounded W. by the Netherlands, and on all other sides by small German States. The extent, population, and revenue of the provinces, was in 1817, nearly as follows: P R Z 623 Sq. miles. Population. Revenue. East Prussia, West Prussia, 15,115 10,000 870,000 580,000 | 1,150,000 Brandenburg, Pomerania, 14,939 12,363 1,200,000 680,000 ] 1,700,000 Silesia, 14,861 2,100,000 1,400,000 Posen, 11,251 790,000 360,000 Saxony, Westphalia, Cleves& Berg, Lower Rhine, 8,492 7,565 3,638 6,432 1,180,000 1,000,000 930,000 1,000,000 760,000 580,000 | 1,050,000 Total, 1 104,6561 10,330,0001 7,000,000 The Swiss canton of Neufchatel (population about 50,000) acknowledges also the sovereignty of the house of Brandenburg. Wheat, oats, barley, and potatoes are generally cultivated. Flax is an object of general culture in Westphalia and Silesia. Silesia and Westpha- lia have long been noted for the manufacture of linens. Woollens are also made, more or less, in almost every town or large village. Cotton works are of recent introduction, and have been estab- lished near the Rhine, at Berlin, at Erfurt, at El- berfeld, and in particular quarters of Silesia. The exports consist of linen, and, in a much less de- gree, of woollens and hardware, with corn, wool, timber, pitch, tar, potash, lintseed, tobacco, and wax. The chief trade takes place with Great Britain, whither Prussia sends her corn, and takes in return both manufactures and colonial goods. The religion of the royal family of Prussia, and of a majority of the population, is the Calvinist ; but Christians of all denominations are tolerated. The relative number of different creeds is as fol- lows : Calvinists and Lutheran?, 6,600,000 Catholics, 3,600,000 -Jews, 75,000 Anabaptists, 14,000 Moravian brethren, 7,000 Unitarians, Pietists, and members of the Greek Church, 4,000. The universities are four in number, viz. Berlin, Halle, Breslau, Konigsberg. The revenue amounts to about 7,000,000 ; the public debt to about 40,000,000 sterling. The army exceeds 150,000 men, a number far too great for the resources of the country. Prussia had formerly, like all governments foun- ded by the northern nations, a representative body> under the name of States For many years, how- ever, the government has been absolute, the sove- reign having found means to conduct the public business without the intervention of States. The people are now anxiously waiting for the re-estab- lishment of a representative body or parliament, and it is hard to describe the degree of disappoint- ment experienced by the better classes of society in Prussia, at the successive delays and evasions of their court, which as yet (1820) has done little more than new model the departments of the ex- ecutive branch. Prussia, Proper, a great division of the Prussian dominion, composed of the provinces of East and West Prussia. East Prussia, or Ducal Prussia, as it has frequently been called, lies between 19 20' and 24 15' E. Ion. and 52 32' and 56 3' N. lat. It is divided into the two governments of Konigsberg and Gumbinnen. Two thirds of the population are descendants of Swiss, French, or German protestants. Corn of all kinds, as well as flax and hemp, are largely cultivated. West Prussia is divided into the governments of Dantzic and Marienwerder. Pruszana, t. Eu. Russia, in Grodno, 53 m. N. Brzesk. Pruth, r. which rises in the palatinate of Mar- marosch, in Hungary, flows through the Buko- wine, forms the boundary between the Russian and Turkish dominions in Moldavia, and falls into the Danube below Galatz. Pruym, t. Prussian province of the Lower Rhine, 40 m. S. S. E. Aix-la-Chapelle. Pop. 1,100. Prybus. See Priebus. Przasznltz, t. Poland, 55 m. N. by E. Warsaw. Pop. 1,000. Prxelaulsch, t. Bohemia, 52 m. E. Prague. Pop. 1,100. 624 P U Prsemysl, a circle of Austrian Poland. Area, 1, 420 sq. miles. Pop. about 212,000. Przemysl, the chief town is on the San, 57 m. W. Lemberg, 122 E. Cracow. Pop. 7,400. Przipiec, or Pripecz, r. Russian Poland, which falls into the Dnieper, 40 m. above Kiev. Przyrow, t. Poland, 54 m. N. by W. Cracow. Pop. 1,100. Psatho, s-p. Greece, in Livadia, at the extrem- ity of the gulf of Lepanto. Psilorili, (an. Ida,') mountain of Eu. Turkey, in the island of Candia, covered with snow during the greater part of the year. Psiol, r. Eu Russia, in Poltava, which falls into the Dnieper. Pskov, a government of Eu. Russia, between Livonia and Smolensko. Extent, 22,000 square miles. Pop. 700,000. Pskov, the capital of the above government, and the see of a Greek archbishop, is at the confluence of the rivers Velikaja and Pskov. 224 m. S. S. W. St. Petersburg. Pop. 7,000. Ptolemais. See Acre. Ptolcmtta, t. on the coast of Barca, ancient Pto- lemais. Lon. 20 40' E. Lat. 32 30' N. Pubna, t. Bengal, on the N. bank of the Gan- ges. Lon. 89 12 E. Lat. 24 N. Puch de Gontaud, t. France, in Lot-and-Ga- ronne, 14 m. S. by E. Marmande, 22 N. W. Agen. Pop. 1,400. Pucliacay, province of Chili, bounded N. by Ita- ta, E. by Huilquilemu, S. by the river Biobio, and W. by the sea. It is 12 leagues long from N. to S. and 23 from E. to W. Pop. 13,000. Puchmary, t. Hind, in Kemaon. Lat. not as- certained. PuckJtoli, district, Hind, on the E. side of the Indus. Puckholi, the capital, is in Ion. 72 8' E. lat. 33 46' N. Pucko, or Puckrow, t. Hungary, 22 m. N. by E. Trentschin. Pop. 3,000. Pucouloe, t. Bengal, in Dacca. Lon. 89 55' E. Lat. 24 8' N. Pundar, r. Hind, which rises in Ajmeer, and empties itself into the gulf of Cutch, 30 m. S. W. Janagur. Pudewits, or Powiedzisk, t. Prussian Poland, 16 m. E. N. E. Posen. Pop. 1,100. Pudlein, or Podolin, t. Hungary, 9 m. N. N. E. Kesmark. Pop. 2,100. Pudoscha, t. Eu. Russia, in Olonetz, 65 m. E. Petrozavodsk. Pop. 1,100. Pudsey, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 4 m. E. Bradford. Pop. 4,697. Puducotta, t. India, in Tanjore, 32 m. S. S. W. Tanjore. Lon. 78 59' E. Lat. 10 20' N. Puebla de los Angeles, intendancy of New Spain, bounded N. E. by Vera Cruz, E. by Oaxaca, S. by the ocean, and W. by Mexico. Pop. 813,300. Puebla, La, de los Angeles, t. Mexico, and capi- tal of the intendancy of Puebla, stands more than 7,000 feet above the level of the sea. After Mex- ico, Guanaxuato, and the Havannah, it is the most considerable of the Spanish cities in the new con- tinent. Its temples are sumptuous. It was for- merly celebrated for its fine manufactories of delf- ware and pots. It is also famous for its manufac- tures of iron and steel, particularly sword?, bayo- nets, &c. 70 m. E. S. E. Mexico, 160 W. N. W. Vera Cruz. Pop. 67,800. Puebla de la Barca, t. Spain, in Alva, 10 m. S. W. Vittoria. PUG Puentc del Arcobispo, t. Spain, on the Tagui, 59 m. W. S. W. Toledo. Pop. 1,200. Puente de Don Gonsalo, t. Spain, in Cordova, 15m. W. Lucena. Pop. 4,800. Puenle d'Eume, t. Spain, in Galicia, 8 m. N. Betanzos. Puente de la Reyna, t. Spain, in Navarre, 2 m, S. S. W. Pampeluna. Puerco, Rio, r. Mexico, which joins the Rio del Norte, 100 miles below the Presidio del Norte. Puers, t. Netherlands, 10 m. W. by N. Mechlin, 12 S. by W. Antwerp. Pop. 4,000. Puerto de los Angelas, harbour on the coast of Mexico. Lat. 15 50' N. Puerto de los Aquilas, s-p. Spain, in Murcia, 10 m. from Lorca. Puerto del Baylio Bucareli, bay on the W. coast of the Prince of Wales' Archipelago. Lon. 226 12' to 227 5' E. Lat. 55 14' to 65 40' N. Puerto de Bazan, bay on the S. W. coast of th Prince of Wales' Archipelago. Lon. 227 16' E. Lat. 64 49' N. Puerto de Cabanas, harbour on the N. coast of Cuba. Lon. 83 6' W. Lat. 23 4' N. Puerto Cabello. See Cubello Porto. Puerto Cairo, harbour on^the coast of Brazil. Lon. 34 50' W. Lat. 9 10' S. Puerto del Canaveral, harbour on the S. coast of Pitt's Archipelago. Lon. 230 16' E. Lat. 53 32' N. Puerto de Calrallos. See Nacho. Puerto Calaro, bay of the Pacific ocean, on the coast of Darien. Lat. 652'N. Puerto Cordova, bay of the E. coast of Prince William's sound. Lon. 214 IS' E. Lat. 60 37' N. Puerto Cordova y Cordova, bay of the Pacific ocean, on the S. side of the Prince of Wales' Ar- chipelago. Lon. 227 28' to 228 E. Lat. 54 4^ to 55 6' N. Puerto Deseado. See Desire, Port. Puerto Escondido, harbour on the W. coast of Mexico. Lat. 16 12' N. Puerto Falso, bay on the coast of New Albion. Lon. 243" 6' E. Lat. 32 45' N. Puerto Gravina, inlet on the N. W. coast of America, in Prince William's sound. Lon. 214* 45' E. Lat. 60 44' N. Puerto, Real, t. Spain, in Seville, 5 m. E. Cadiz. It is the great depot of the salt made in the tanks that surround the Isle of Leon and bay of Cadiz on the S. E. side. The annual quantity made is estimated at above a million of tons, all prepared by the heat of the sun. Pop. 10,000. Puerto Revilla Gigedo, bay of Prince William's sound, on the N. W. coast of America. Lon. 213 25 ; E. Lat. 60 56' N. Puerto, St. Martin del, city of Grenada, in St. Juan de los Llanos, 30 leagues from Santa Fe. Puerto tit. Pedro, bay, Brazil, at the mouth of Rio Grande. Lat. 31 40' S. Puerto, St. Yago, s-p. Mexico, in Xalisco, 25 m, S. Purification. Lon. 105 46 ; W. Lat. 19 30' N. Puerto de Santa Maria, or St. Mary's, s-p. Spain, in Seville, at the mouth of the river Gua- dalete, 5 m. N. E. Cadiz. Pop. 12,000. Puerto de Valdes, inlet on the N. VV. coast of America, in Prince William's sound. Lon. 213 56' E. Lat. 617' N. Puganlz, or Baka Banya, t. Hungary, 29 m. E. Neutra, 73 E. N. E. Presburg. Pop. 2,400. Pvgct, t. France, in Var, 18 m. N. E. Toulon. P U L Pugei Theniers, t. Piedmont, 22m. N. W. Nice. Pop. 1,000. Puget Cape, cape on the N. W. coast of Ameri- ca, forming the W. point, at the entrance into Port Bainbrid^e. Lon. 212 9' E. Lat. 59 55' N. Pugefs Island, isl. about 5 miles long, in Co- lumbia river, 24 m from the mouth. PuseCs Sound, inlet S. of Admiralty inlet, with- in Georgia's sound. Lon. 237 25' E. Lat. 47 10' N. Puglia. See Apulia. Pughtown, p-v. Chester co. Pa. Puika, or Poyk, r. Austrian Illyria, remarkable for the space through which it flows under ground, Puisceley, t. France, in Tarn, 12 m. N. W. Gail- lac. Pop. 1,500. Puiseaux, t. France, in Loiret, 36 m. N. E. Or- leans. Pop. 1,800. Puisserguier, t. France, in Herault, 9 m. W. Be- ziers. Pop. 1,300. Pujolis, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne, 12 m. N. by E. Agen. Pop. 2, 100. Pujolis, t. France, in Gironde^ 38 m. E. Bour- deaux. Pop. 2,000. Pularum Isle, one of the smallest of the Banda isles. Lon. 129 45' E. Lat. 5 U 35' N. Pulaski, v. in Richland, Oswego co. N.Y. The courts sit alternately here and at Oswego. Pulaski, co. Georgia, on the E. side of Oakmul- gee river. Pop. 5,283. Slaves 2,022. Engaged in agriculture 1,774, in manufactures 44. Chief town, Hartford. Pulaski, p-t. and cap. Giles co. Tennessee, on Richland creek. Pop. in 1810, 350. Pulaski, co. in the S. part of Kentucky. Pop. 7,597 Slaves637. Engaged in agriculture 1,951, in commerce 18, in manufactures 51. Chief town, Somerset. Pulaski, co. Arkansas Territory, on the river Arkansas. Pop. 1,923. Slaves 171. Engaged in agriculture 597, in commerce 20, in manufactures 51. Chief town, Cadron. Puiaicay, t Poland, on the Vistula, 27 m. W. N. W. Lublin. Pullicat, s-p. India, in the Carnatic. Lon. 80 25' E. Lat. )326'N. Pullvmnaire. t. India, in the Carnatic. Lon. 750'E. Lat. 30 10' N. Pulmary, t Hind, m Aurungabad. Lon.763'E. Lat. 1059'N. Pulo Akat, small isl. in the Eastern seas, near the N. E. coast of Ccram. Lon. 131 3'E. Lat. 3" 6'S. Pulo Ampal, small isl. in the Eastern seas, near the W. coast of Sumatra. Lon. 99 29' E. Lat.0 44' S. Pulo Anam, small isl. in the Eastern seas, near the W. coast of Sumatra. Lon. 99 27' E. Lat. 40' S. P>'l<> Anna, small isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 131" 46' E. Lat. 4" 38' N. PuloAru, small island in the straits of Malacca. Lon. 100"?4' E. Lat. 2 57' N. Pulo Ay, small isl. in the Eastern seas, a little to the W. of the Great Banda. Pulo Ayer, small isl. near the W. coast of Su- matra. Lon. 100" 12' E. Lat. 1 ITS. Pulo Babee, small isl. in the straits of Sunda. Lon. 106" 10' E. Lat. 5 45' S. Pulo Babi, or Hog Island, small isl. near the N. coast of the island of Nias. Lon 97 E Lat. 1 27' N. 79 P U L 625 Pulo Bally, isl. in the Eastern seas, divided from the island of Bachiau by a channel 5 miles wide. Lon. about 123 30' W. Lat. 30' S. Pulo Baniack Isle, small isl. about 25 miles in circumference, off the W. coast of Sumatra, be- tween 2 and 3 N. lat. Pulo Batu, isl. off the W. coast of Sumatra, about 40 miles long and 12 broad. Lon. 97 56' E. Lat. 20' N. Pulo Bava, small isl. in the Eastern seas, near the S. coast of Nias. Lon. 97 18' E. Lat 52' N. Pulo Bintango, small isl. near the W. coast of Sumatra. Lon. 89 47' E. Lat. 58' S. Pulo Brasse, isl. near the N. W. coast of Suma- tra. Lon. 95 30' E. Lat. 5 39' N. Pulo Bringen, small isl. near the W. coast of Sumatra. Lon. 100 21' E. Lat. 158' S. Pulo Cannibaz Isle. See Noesa Cambas. Pulo, Cape. See Polo, Cape. Pulo Casse, isl. near the W. coast of Sumatra. Lon. 99 28' E. Lat. 20' S. Pulo Dammer, isl. in the Eastern seas, about 30 miles in circumference, near the S. coast of Gilolo. Lon. 128 22' E Lat. 58' S. Pulo Dalle, isl. near the W. coast of Borneo. Lon. 108 59' E. Lat. 8' N. Pulo Doa, isl. near the W. coast of Sumatra. Lon. 97 33' E. Lat. 1 18' N. Pulo Dua, isl. near the W. coast of Sumatra. Lon. 97 E. Lat. 2 46' N. Pulo Een, or Fish Island, isl. in the Eastern seas, off the N. coast of Wagiou. Lon. 130 37' E. Lat. 12' N. Pulo Ely, isl. near the W. coast of Sumatra. Lon. 98 11' E. Lat. 1 6' N. Pulo Gasseb, isl. near the S. E. coast of Ceram. Lon. 131 13' E. Lat. 3 29' S. Pulo Gasses, isl. in the Eastern seas, near the E. coast of Oby. Lon. 128 20' E. Lat. 1 37' S. Pulo Goere, isl. near the N. coast of Sumatra. Lon. 97 42' E. Lat. 4 42' N. PuloLalang, isl. in the straits of Malacca. Lon. 100 9' E. Lat. 2 25' N. Pulo Laut, isl. in the Eastern seas, at the S. en- trance of the straits of Macassar, about 100 miles in circumference. Loa. 116 24' E. Lat. 3 45' S. Pulo Mir.taon. See Pulo Batu. Pulo Nancy, isl. near the N. coast of Sumatra. Lon. 9521'E. Lat. 5 18 N. Pulo JWamo, or Ausquilto. island near the W. coast of Sumatra. Lon. 99 45' E. Lat. 1 8'S. Pulo Nye, small isl. near the Eastern seas, near the W. coast of Pogsy. Lon. 99 32' E. Lat. 2 48' S. Pulo Panjang, small isl. off the N. coast of Ja- va. Lon. 104 55' E. Lat 1 3' S. Pulo Penneu, or Orange Island, small isl. near the W. coast of Sumatra. Lon. 100 2'E. Lat. 1 28' S. Pulo Pinang. See Prince of Wales' Island. Pulo Pisang, small isl. in the Eastern seas. Lon. 128 49' E. Lat. 1 22' 30" S Pulo Ron, small isl. in the Eastern seas, near the S. E. coast of Gilolo. Lon. 128 30' E. Lat. 48' S. Pulo Rondo, small islands in the Eastern seas, N. of Sumatra. Lon. 95 22' E. Lat. 5 45' N. Pulo Roopat, isl. in the strait? of Malacca, sep- arated by a narrow channel from Sumatra. Lon 1019'E. Lat. 158' N. 626 PUN PUT Pulo Sabadda, small isl. near the W. coast of Sumatra. Lon. 99 53' E. Lat 1 3' S. Pulo Sabuda, small isl. in the Eastern sens, 30 m. W. New Guinea. Lon. 131 48' E. Lat. 2 35' S. Pulo Salanama, small isl. in the straits of Ma- lacca, near the N. coast of Sumatra. Lon. 98 51' E. Lat. 3 27' N. Pulo Timoan, isl. in the Eastern seas. Lon. 104 95' E. Lat. 3 N. Pulo Timpalis, small isl. in the straits of Malac- ca, near the N. E. coast of Sumatra. Lon. 97 45' E. Lat. 4 27' N. Pulo Toti, small isl. between Borneo and Suma- tra. Lat. 53' S. Pulo Troosan, small isl. near the W. coast of Sumatra. Lon 99 58' E. Lat. 1 6' S. Pulo Tullong, small isl. in the straits of Malac- ca. Lon. 100 33' E. Lat. 4 27' N. Pulo Vardla, isL in the straits of Malacca, 20 m. off the N. E. coast of Sumatra. Lon. 99 36' E. Lat. 3 47' N. Pulo Way, one of the Spice islands, 9 m. W. Gorong Apee. Lon. 130 26' E. Lat. 4 9' S. Pulo Way, island about 30 miles in circumfer- ence, near the N. coast of Sumatra, 27 m. N. Acheen. Lon. 95 33' E. Lat. 5 33' N. Pulsnits, or Polsena, t. Saxony, 13 m. N. E. Dresden. Pop. 1,300. Pultava. See Poltava. Pulteney, Vt. See Poultney. Pultney, p-t. Steuben co. N. Y. on the W. side of crooked lake, 11 m. N. Bath, 232 W. Albany. Pop. 1,162. Pultney, t. Belmont co. Ohio, on Ohio river, 10 m. S. E. St. Clairsville, 9 m. below Wheeling, Va. Pop. 1,057. Pultneyville, p-v. in Williamson, N. Y. on Lake Ontario. Pultusk, or Pultovsk, t. Poland on the Narew, 34m. N. N. E. Warsaw. Pop 2,100. Pulwell, t. Hind, in Agra. Lon. 77 18 ( E. Lat. 28 ll'N. Puna, city, S. America, on the borders of Lake Chucuito or Titicaca, in the neighborhood of rich silver mines, 14 m. N. W. Chucuito. Lon. 70 26' W. Lat. 16 20' S. Puna, isl. district, and city, S. America, at the mouth of the river Guayaquil. Lon. 70 58' W. Lat. 2 50' S. Punch Hall, p-v. Caroline co. Md. Punda, or Pundy, t. Hind, in Bejapore. Lon. 74 3' E. Lat. 51 20' N. There is another place of the same name in the northern Circars. Lon. 84 40' E. Lat. 18 43' N. Punderpoor, or Pundepore, t. Hind, in Bejapore. Loa. 72 15' E. i^at. 17 56' N. Pandua, or Purruah, t. Bengal. Lon. 88 9' E. Lat. 25 9' N. Punganoor, t. and fort. Hind, in Golcondah. Lon. 78 42' E. Lat. 13 19' N. Pungoteague, p-v. Accomack co. Va. Punfiela, t. Portugal, at the confluence of the Zozere arid the Tagus, 8 m. W. N. W. Abrantes. Pop. 1,100. Pumtz, t Prussian Poland, 45 m. S. Posen. Pop. 1,400. Punjab, or Five Ricers, an extensive region of Hindostan, in possession of the Seiks, principally situated in Lahore, but including part of Moultan. The five rivers which give name to this country, are the Sutlegn, the Beyah, the Rauve, the Chu- naub, and the Behut or Jhylum. Punna. SeePannah. Punta das Baxas, cape on the W. coast of Afri- ca. Lat. 5 32' N. Punta del Gada. See Ponta Delgada. Pu'nla Macalonga, cape on the E. coast of Afri- ca. Lat. 17 S. Punta. de Monte. Seca, cape,W. Africa, in Congo, at the mouth of the Zaire. Punuga, t. Hind, in Bootan. Lon. 89 23' E. Lat 27 23' N. Purace,v. New Granada, in Popayan, on a great plain among the Andes, at the height of 10,000 feet. Purbeck, Isle of, district, Eng. in Dorset co. on the English channel, nearly surrounded by the sea and the river Frome. It has been long famous for its stone, which is in great demand both lor build- ing and paving. Purchena, t. Spain, in Granada, 77 m. W. S.W. Carthagena, 73 E. Granada. Pop. 3,000. Purdie's Isles, islets off the S. coast of New Hol- land, opposite Point Bell. Lon. 133 5' E. Lat. 32* 16i' S. Purfteet,v. Eng. in Essex, on the Thames, 20m. E. by S. London. Purmerend, t. Netherlands, in North Holland, 11 m. N. Amsterdam. Pop. 2,400. Purneah, district in the N. W. of Bengal. Pop. 1,500,000. Purneah, the capital, is on the E. bank of the Seraw river. Lon. 88 23' E. Lat. 25* 45' N. Purysburg, or Purrysburg, t. Beaufort district, S. C. on Savannah river. It contains about 50 houses, and an Episcopal church. 20 m. above Savannah, 94 S. W. Charleston. Pusa, or Poosa, t. H ind. in Bahar. Pmambio. See Purace. Pushaw. See Poohsaw. Pusiosersk, t. Eu. Russia, in Archangel. Lon. 5114'E. Lat. 67 23' N. Put-in-Bay, bay formed by the largest of the Bass islands, near the W. end of Lake Erie, 14 m. N. W. by N. Sandusky. It has two entrances, one from the east and the other from the west. It admits vessels of any draught, is sheltered from every wind, and is the finest harbor on the Lake. From this bay Commodore Perry sailed on the memorable 10th September 1813, when he captur- ed the British fleet. In the island is a remarkable cave. Putirl, t. Eu. Russia, in Kursk, on the river Sem, 120 m W. S. W. Kursk. Pop. 9,000. Putnam, t. Lincoln co. Maine, 30 m. N. Wis- casset. Pop. 652. Putnam, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Dutchessco. E. by Connecticut, S. by West Chester co. and W. by the Hudson. Pop 11,268. Engaged in agri- culture 1,996, in commerce 35, ia manufactures 655. Chief town, Carmel. Putnam,*.. Washington co. N.Y. on Lake Cham- plain, 28m. N. Sandyhill. Pop. 892. Putnam, co. Geo. on the W. side of the Ocone. Pop. 15.475. Slaves 7,241. Engaged in agricul- ture 5,013 Chief town, Eatonton. J J n'ji.f/m, co. Ohio, formed 1820, in the Indian reservation. Putnam, formerly Springfield, p-t. Muskingum co. Ohio, opposite Zanesville, with which it is connected by a handsome bridge. Pop. 512. Here is an academy. Putnry, v. Eng. in Surry, on the Thames, 4 ro. W. London. Pop. 2,881. P Y M Putney, p-t. Windham co. Vt. on Connecticut I river, 33 m. below Windsor. Pop. 1,547. Putten, v. Netherlands, in Gelderland, 23 m. N. I W. Utrecht. Pop. 2,300. Puttershock, or Pietershock, t. Netherlands, in South Holland, 10 m. S. by E. Rotterdam. Pop. 1,000. Puttlitz, t. Prussia, in Brandenburg, 9 m. N. N. W. Pritzwalk. Pop. 1,000. Puttan. See Nehnvalla. Putumayo, also called lea, r. S America, which rises in Quito, runs E. about 300 miles, when it takes the name of lea, and, after a S. E. course of about 200 miles, joins the river Amazon, in lat.3 30' S. Putzig, or Putzko. See Pautske. Puy, Le, t. France, cap. of Upper Loire, on the Borne, 70 m. S. W. Lyons, 90 N. by W. Nismes. Lon. 3 53' E. Lat. 45 25' N. Pop. 12,000. Puybdiard, t. France, in La Vendee, 23 m. N. W. Fontenay. Pop. 800. Puycerda, t. Spain, in Catalortia, on the river Segre,53ni. W. N. W. Gerona. Pop. 1,500. Puy de Dome, a lofty mountain in the interior of France, 2 m. W. Clermont-Ferrand. Puyde Dome, department in the central part of France. Extent, 3,400 sq. miles. Pop. 543,000. Clermont is the capital. Puy Laurens, t. France, in Tarn, 26 m. E. Toulouse. Pop. 5,100. Puy Leveque, t. France, in Lot, 18 m. W. Ca- hors. Pop. 1,600. Puyloubicr, t. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone, 12 m. E. Aix. Pop. 900. Puy Miclan, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne, 6 m. E. Marmande. Pop. 1, 100. Puy Mirol, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne, 7 m. E.Agen. Pop. 1,300. Puy St. Reparade, t. France, in Mouths-of-the- Rhone, 7m. W. Peyrolles, 10 N. W. Aix. Pop. 1,500. Puy la Roque, t. France, in Tarn-and-Garonne, 18 m. S. E. Cahors. Pop. 2,000. Puzsuolo, or Pozzuoli, anciently Putcoli, a cel- ebrated t. Italy, delightfully situated on a point projecting into the sea, nearly in the centre of the fine bay of Puzzuolo, 7 m. W. Naples. Pop. 1,000. Pwllheli, s-p.Wales, 27 m. S. Caernarvon. Lat. 52 54' N. Pop. 717. Pybus, Point, point on the W. coast of King George the Third's archipelago. Lon. 226 8' E.' Lat. 57 18' N. Pychma, r. Siberia, which falls into the Toura, after an E. course of 300 miles. Pye's Islands, small islands near the N. W. coast of America. Lon. 2 10 21' E. Lat. 59 19' N. Pylia, r. Finland, in East Bothnia, which falls into the gulf of Bothnia, at Brahestadt. Pykt Point, cape on an island off the N. W. coast of America. Lon. 212 16' E. Lat. 39 '/(' N. Pylot, t. Greece, in the Morea, on the S. W. coast, at the extremity of a bay, opposite Na- varin. Pylstart, or La Sola, isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 175 59' W. Lat. 22 22' S. J J y maturing, t. Mercer co. Pa. Pop. 67 1 . P Y R 627 Pynacker, t. Netherlands, in S. Holland, 7 m. N. N. W. Rotterdam. Pop. 1,200. Pyramids, a range of ancient and stupendous Egyptian monuments, which commences imme- diately S. of Cairo, but on the opposite side of the Nile, and extends for many miles S. The base of the largest is 693 feet square, covering an area of a little more than 11 acres; the perpendicular height is 499 feet. The external part is chiefly built of great square stones, compacted together solely by their own weight, without lime, lead or cramps of any metal ; presenting the appearance of a solid mass. The second pyramid, is 655 feet square at the base and 398 feet high. In 1818, Mr. Belzoni discovered the opening into the interior and proceeding along a narrow passage, upward* of 100 feet in length, he reached the great chamber, 46 feet long, 16 wide, and 23 high. The most con- spicuous object was a large sarcophagus of gra- nite, containing a small quantity of bones, among which was a thigh bone of a cow, whence it has been inferred that these extraordinary structures were reared in honor of that favorite object of Egyptian worship. About 300 paces to the E. of the second pyra- mid appears the celebrated Sphynx, or statue of a huge monster, cut in the solid rock. Formerly nothing but the head, neck and top of the back were visible, the rest being sunk in the sand. Mr. Belzoni, however, has lately cleared away the sand from this huge mass, and discovered a temple of considerable dimensions between the legs of the Sphynx, and another in one of its paws. The length of the statue from the fore part of the neck to the tail is 125 feet. Pyrenees, a range of lofty mountains which di- vide France from Spain. The mountains are highest towards Mont Perdu, about 100 miles from the bay of Biscay. They attain there aa elevation of between 10, and 12,000 feet, and con- tain glaciers, as in the Alps. The number of passes, iriclu diug paths for pedestrians, exceeds 50, but the carriage roads hardly exceed 5 ; and of these, the most frequented are from Jonquera to Perpignan, from St. Sebastian to St. Jean de Luz, and from Pampeluna to St. Jean de Pied de Port. Py rentes, Eastern, department, France, bound- ed by Spain on the S. and the Mediterranean on theE. Extent, 1,660 sq. miles. Pop. 127,000. Perpignan is the capital. Pyrenees, Lower, department, France. Ex- tent, 3,100 sq. miles. Pop. 383,000. Pau is the capital. Pyrenees, Upper, department, France. Extent, 1,800 sq. miles. Pop. nearly 200,000. Tarbesis the capital. Pyrgo, v. Eu. Turkey, in the Morea, on an elevated plain between Mount Olonos and the Al- pheus, 8 m. N. W. Phloka. Pyrgos, t. Greece, in the island of Santorin, 6 m. S. W. Scavo. Lon. 25 38' E. Lat. 36 26' N. Pyrits, t. Prussia, in Pomerania, 15 m. S. by W. Star'gard. Pop. 1,700. Pyrmont, the chief town of a principality of the same name, in Germany, 33 m. S. S. W. Hanover. The principality contains 36 sq. miles, and 4,300 inhabitants, and belongs to prince Waldfec. 628 Q U E Q U E Q. QUACKENBRUCK, t. Hanover, 26 in. N. Osna- bruck, 44 S. VV. Bremen. Quade, Point, cape on the S. W. coast of Ce- lebes. Lon. 1 19 48' E. Lat. 5 22' S. Quadra and Vancouver >s Island, on the N. W. coast of America, between Queen Charlotte's sound and De Fuca's straits. Quadrant. See Cadron. Quamton, v. Eng. in Buckingham co. 6m. N. W. Aylesbury. Pop. 848. Quaker Hill, v. in Pawling, N. Y. Quakertown, p-t. Bucks co. Pa. 33 m. N. N. W. Philadelphia. Qualla Moorba, r. and port on the W. coast of Malacca, 18 m. S. Queda. Qualuga, s-p. VVhidah, in Africa, 18m. N. W. Sabi. Quanamora, t. W. Africa, on the river Sher- bro Lon. 10 15' W. Lat. 7 45' N. Qnang-ping, city, China, in Petchelee. Lon. 11429'E. Lat. 36 47' N. Quangsec, province, China, on the S. W. fron- tier, bordering on Tonquin. Quanglong, province in the S. of China, well situated for trade. Among numerous other ports, it contains Canton. Quantico. r. Prince William co. Va. which runs into the Potomac, 4 m. below Dumfries. Quantico Mills, p-v. Somerset co. Md. Qaaniung, t. Birman empire, on the Irrawuddy river, 25 m. from the frontiers of China. It is frequented by Chinese merchants. Lon. 96 55' E. Lat. 24 V N. Quapaws, Indians, Arkansas ter. about 400 in number. In 1819, they ceded most of their lands to the U. States, and now own a tract of 3,000,000 acres extending along the south side of Arkansas river between the towns of Arkansas and Little Rock and thence S. to the Wachita. Quarante, t. France, in Herault, 12 m. N W. Narbouue. Pop. 1,400. Quaraniola, t. Italy, in Modena, 20 m. N. by E. Modena. Quarlesrille, p-v. Brunswick co. Va. Quarnaro, bay of the gulf of Venice, between Istria and Dalmatia. Quarntl3,.t. Prussian states, 8 m. W. by S. Glo- gau. Pop. 1,200. Quarre Its Tombes, v. France, in Yonne, 9m. S. byE Avallon. Pop. 1,800. Quassitz, t. Austrian j-tates, in Moravia, on the river March. 22 m. S. S. E.Olmutz. Quatre Bras, hamlet, Netherlands, in Namtir, 7 m. W. Ligny, remarkable for the obstinate con- flict between the British and French, on 16th June 1815. Qitalre Facnrdins, Lcs, 4 small islands in the Pac.fic ocean. Lon. 140 30' W. Lat. If?" 40' S. QfaanaHuac. See Cverrunaeea, Queb(:c,chy, N.America, and cap. of Lower Can- ada, situated on a promontory on the N. \V. nde of the St. Lawrence, formed by that river ;m d the St. Charles. The ridge of land which termin- ates in this promontory run? from E. to W. and separates the rivers St. Lawrence and St. Charles. Its general breadth is from one to two miles. It has cape Diamond, a bold promontory which rises 345 feet above the level of the water, on the N. ; and across it, at the N. E. or lower end, the town of Quebec is built. The fortifications extending across the breadth of the peninsula, shut in the ground on which the city stands, the circuit of which is about 2| miles. From Cape Diamond, the ridge slopes towards the north, till it reaches the valley through which the St." Charles runs. The town is divided into two parts, namely, the Upper and Lower. The Upper town is separated from the Lower by a line of steep rocks, which runs from the cape towards the river St. Charles. The Lower town is situated immediately under cape Diamond. The communication from the Lower to the Upper town is by a winding street, at the top of which is a fortified gate. The greater proportion of the houses are buit of stone, with high sloping roofs. The principal public build- ings are the castle of St. Louis, the Hotel Dieu, the convent of the Ursulines, the monastery of the Jesuits, now turned into barracks, the general hospital for maniacs, the sick and aged, which is situated on Charles river i a mile from the city ; the Protestant and Catholic cathedrals, the Scots church, the Lower town church, the court-house, the seminary, the new jail, and the artillery bar- racks. The castle of St. Louis, situated on the summit of the rock, is a handsome stone building, seated near the edge of a precipice, something more than 200 feet high, and surmounted by a spacious gallery, whence there is a most com- manding prospect. In its present state, Quebec may rank as a for- tress of the first consequence : the citadel, on the highest part of Cape Diamond, presents a formi- dable combination of powerful works, from whence a strong wall, supported by small batte- ries in different places, runs to the edge of the precipice, along which it is continued to the gate- way leading to the Lower town, which is defend- ed by heavy cannon, and the approach to it up Mountain-street, both enfiladed and flanked by many guns of large calibre ; thence a line of de- fence connects with the grand battery, a work of great strength, armed with a formidable train of 24-pounders, and commanding the basin and pas- sage of the river St. Lawrence, which is here only a mile wide. The basin of Quebec is very spa- cious, being sufficient to contain 100 sail of the line. The depth of water is 28 fathoms. In 1759, Quebec was taken by the English, under the n>m- mand of the brave general Wolfe, who fell in the engagement; and by the peace in 1663, it was with the rest of Canada, to the fmujwrors. In 1776, the Americans made an unsuccessful at- tempt against this city, with the. h>^ of their com- mander, general Montgomery. 180 m. N. E. Montreal, 400 from the sea. Lon. 71 10' VV. Lat. Q U E Q U E 629 6 50' N. Pop. in 1815, according to Bouchette, 8,000. Quedbu, t. Birraan empire, in Martaban. Lon. 745'E. Lat. 1535'N. Queda, country, Asia, on the W. coast of the >eninsula of Malacca, between 5 10' and 7 30' . lat. The principal produce of the country is Quedlinburg, t. Prussian Saxony, on the Bude, JOm S. S. W. Magdeburg, 10 S. S. E. Halber- tadt. Lon. 1 1 7' 39'' E. Lat. 51 47' 58'' N. Pop. 1,000. Queechy, r. Vt. which rises in Sherburne, and uns into Connecticut river, 10 m. above Wind- tor. Waterqueechy falls are in the Connecticut ust below the entrance of this river. Queen Ann, co. on the eastern shore of Md. rounded N. by Kent co. E. by Delaware, S. E. oy Caroline co. S. by Talbot co. and W. by Ches- apeak bay. Pop. 14,952. Slaves, 5,588. En- gaged in agriculture 3,312, in commerce 89, in manufactures 372. Chief town, Centreville. Queen Ann^ p-t. Prince George* co. Md. on the W. side of the Patuxent, 25 m. N. E. Washington, 39 S. by W. Baltimore. Queenborough, Eng. in Kent, in the isleofShep- pey, 1 m. S. Sheerness. Pop. 805. Queen Catharine' 1 .'} Foreland, the N. E. point of Terra del Fuego, at the E. entrance into the straits of Magellan. Queen Charlotte's Foreland, the S. E. extremity of New Caledonia. Lon. 167 14' E. Lat. 22 15' N. Queen Charlotte's Foreland, the S. W. point of New Hanover, in the Eastern seas. Lon. 148 27' E. Lat. 2" 29'?. Queen Charlotte'' s Island, isl. in the Pacific ocean, about 6 miles long and 1 broad. Lon. 138 4' W. Lat. 19 18' S. Queen Charlotte" 1 s Islands, a group of islands off the W. coast of North America. Lon. from 131 to 133 7' W. Lat. 52 to 54 22' N. Qv/^en Charlotte's Islands, a group of islands in the Pacific ocean, discovered by captain Carteret, in the year 1767, consisting of Egmont's island or New Guernsey, Lord Howe's island or New Jer- sey, and several others. Lon. 163 30' to 165 10' K. Lat. 9 50' to 1120'S. Queen Charlotte's Sound, a bay at the N. end of the southern island of New Zealand. The en- trance is in Ion. 184 45' W. lat. 41 S. Queen Charlotte's Sound, inlet of the Pacific ocean, between the continent of N. America and the island of Quadra and Vancouver. Lon. 226 40' to 228 E. Lat. 50 32' to 51 12' N. Queen Elisabeth's Island, isl. in the straits of Magellan, about 36 miles in circumference. Lon. 71" 13' W. Lat. 52 54' S. Queenj&ury, t. Warren co. N. Y. on the Hud- son, 58 m. N. Albany. Pop. 2,433. Queen 's Coimly, a county of Ireland, bounded N.and W. by King's county, E. by Kildare and part of Carlow, S. by Kilkenny, arid S. W. by Tipperary. Extent, 590 square miles. Pop. about Q.'M, ro. Nova Scotia, on the S. side of the bay of Fund y. Q "''*, CO. \ f;w Brunswick, on each side of M. John'- river. Chief town, Gagetown. Queen*, CO N. V. rompi-isin* the W. part of Long Wand. pop. -i,r,n. |.; u .,. r/f . ( j in agr j c ulture 4,139, in rommr-rrr: !'.>, in manufactures 1,119. Chipf town*, Jamaica and North Hcmpst!. p-v. Robesonco. N. C. Queem/erry, a royal borough, Scotland, in Lin- lithgow co. on the frith of Forth, 9 m. W. Edin- burgh. Lon. 3 23' W. Lat. 56 N. Pop. 558. Queenslown, t. Upper Canada, on the Niagara, under the ridge called Queenstown Heights, op- posite Lewistown, 7 miles below Niagara falls, at the head of navigation. Pop. in 1821, 150. It is the depot of all the merchandize and stores brought from Montreal and Quebec, for the use of the up- per province. On the heights a battle was fought Oct. 13, 1812, between the British and the United States. Queentfown, p-t. Queen Ann's co. Md. on the E. side of Chester river, 6 m. S. W. Centreville, 20 E. Annapolis. Queich, r. Bavaria, which falls into the Rhine near Germersheim. Quez'ge, t. Sardinian States, in Savoy, 4m. N. E. Conflans. Pop. 1,500. Quelling, or Koueiling, city of China, cap. of Quangsee. Lon. 109 51' E. Lat. 25 12' N. Queis, or Quern, r. Pi .issian States, which di- vides Silesia from Lusaka, and falls into the Bo- ber, above Sagan. Its banks were, in September 1813, the scene of obstinate fighting between the French and Prussians, to the advantage of the latter. Quelpaert, isl. in the Eastern seas, S. of the pe- ninsula of the Corea. Lon. 126 35' E. Lat. 33 14' N. Que/us, v. Portugal, 10 m. N. W. Lisbon. Quemado, port of Peru. Lat. 14 20' S. Quernahoning, t. Somerset co. Pa. Pop. 586. Quewienes, isl. in the English channel, near the coast of France. Lon. 4 48' W. Lat. 48 22' N. Que/ry, formerly a province in the south of France.' It now constitutes the chief part of the department of the Lot. Quere/aro, city New Spain, in the intendancy of Mexico. 95 m. N. W. Mexico. Lon. 100 11' W. Lat. 20 38' N. Pop. about 35,000. Quer/ur/,t. Prussian Saxony, in Merseburg. 15 m. W. Merseburg, 29 W. Leipsic. Pop. 2,500. Querigut, t. France, in Arriege, 27 m. S. E. Ta- rascon. Pop. 800. Querimba, a range of islands extending along the E. coast of Africa, to the S. of Cape Delgado. Lon. 40 58' E. Lat. 12 20' S. Querkeiness, or Kerkeiness, 2 small islands in the Mediterranean, off the coast of Tunis. Lon. 11 12' E. Lat. 34 59' N. Quernmoo?-, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 3m. E. S. E. Lancaster. Pop. 471. Quesada. t. Spain, in Jaen, 15 m. E. S. E. Ube- da. Pop. 2,800. Quesan, small islands off the E. coast of China. Lon. 120" 52' E. Lat. 29 22' N. Quesnoy, t. France, dep. of the North, 20 m. E. by N. Cambray. Pop. 4,000. It was taken by the Austrians in 1793, but retaken by the French in 1794. It is the name of another town, 6 m. N. W. Lisle. Pop. 3,700. Questembert, t. France, in Morbihan, ]2 m. E. Vannes. Pop. 3,500. Que//e/tou, t. France, in La Manche, 9 m. N. E. Valognes. Pop. 1,400. Quevaucamps,t. Netherlands, in Hainault, 14 m. N. W. Mons, 16 E. S. E. Tournay. Pop. 1,000. Queyjos t Cape, cape of Spain, on the coast of Biscay. Lon. 3 31' W. Lat. 43 30' N. Queyras, or Quiera*, t. France, in Upper Alps, 14 m. S. E. Briancon, 20 E. Embrun. 630 Q U I Qui appelle, r. N. America, a tributary of Upper Red river. Quibdo, St. Francisco de, t. and cap. of Choco, New Granada, oil the Atrato, 410 miles from its mouth. The river is navigable to this place for vessels drawing 7 feet water. Pop. 2,000. Qui.beron, t. France, in Morbihan, with two harbours defended by batteries. 12 m. N. E. Belle- Isle, 24 S. S. E. L'Orient. Quibletown, v. Middlesex co. N. J. 6 m. N. New- Brunswick. Quibo, small isl. on the outer part of the bay of Panama. Lon. 71 33 30' W. Lat. 70 27' 30" N. Qiiicaro, small isl. in the Pacific ocean, near the coast of Veraguay. Lon. 82 42' W. Lat. 7 54' N. Quicksand Bay, a bay on the N. W. coast of America. Lon. ll>4 W. Lat. 45 50' N. Quicksand Hirer, r. N. America, which falls into the Columbia, about 200 miles from its mouth. Quicourre, r. Missouri Territory, which runs into the Missouri, 1,000 miles above its mouth. Quiers. See Chieri. Quieto, r. Austrian States, which falls into the Adriatic at Citta Nuova. Quierrain, t. Netherlands, in Hainault, 9 m. E. N. E. Valenciennes, 13 W. S. W. Mons. Pop. 1,500. Quilca, s-p. Peru, 40 m. W. S. W. Arequipa. Lat. 1645'S. Quillan, t. France, in Aude, on the river Aude, 14 m. S. Limoux, 26 S. by W. Carcassonne. Pop. 1,200. Quillebceuf, t. France, in Eure, on the Seine, 9 m. X of Pont Audemer. Pop. 1,200. Q.'.illimancy, r. Africa, having at its mouth a towu of the same name. Lon. 40 10' E. Lat. 3 10' S. Quillimane, t. Mosambique, in E. Africa, at the mouth of the Zambeze. Lat. 17 37' S. Quillota. province, Chili. Pop. 14,000. Quil- lota, the capital, is pleasantly situated on the bor- ders of the river Aconcagua. Lon. 71 18' W. Lat. 32 50' S. Quiloa, city and seaport, E. Africa, cap. of a country of the same name, now in the possession of the Imam of Mascat. It is built on an island close to the mainland. Lon. 39 47' E. Lat. 8 41' S. Quilon. See Coulan. Quilovia, small isl. near the E. coast of Africa. Lat. 13"S. Quiltaon, one of the Laccadive islands, in the Eastern seas. Lon. 72 45' E. Lat. 12 N. Quimpcr, or Kimper Corentin, t. France, in Finisterre, 34 m. S. E. Brest. Lon. 4 5' 45" W. Lat 47 58' 29'' N. Pop. 7,000. Quimperle, t. France, in Finisterre, 12 m. N. W. L'Orient, 28 E. by S. Quimper. Lon. 3 9' W. Lat. 47" 39' N. Quince Island, small isl. near the S. W. coast of Ireland, 5 m. W. Galley Head. Quinchac, small isl. in the Pacific ocean, be- tween the island of Chiloe and the continent of Chili. Lat. 43 30' S. Quincy, p-t. Norfolk co. Mass. 8 m. S. Boston. Pop. 1,623. Quindiu, high and craggy mountains in New Granada, over which there is a passage between the provinces of Popayan and Santa Fe. Lat. 4 36' N. Q U I Quinebaug, or Mohegan, r. Ct. which rises in Mashapaug pond in the town of Union, and passes into Massachusetts, then turning to the S. re-enters Connecticut and joins the Shetucket 3 miles above Norwich landing. See Thames. Quingey, t. France, in Doubs, 12 m. S. by W. Besancon, 13 N. Salins. Quinnipiack, or East river, r. Ct. which runs S. and flows into the N. E. side of New Haven harbour. Quinson, t. France, in Lower Alps, 31 m. S. Digne. Quintambert. See Questcmbert. Quinlanar de la Orden, t. Spain, in La Mancha, 29 m. S. S. E. Ocana. Quinte, a bay and harbour in the N. E. part of Lake Ontario, a little to the W. of Kingston, 50 miles long, and from 6 to 12 miles broad. Quintin, t. France, in Cotes du Nord, 12 m. S. by W. St. Brieux. Pop. 4,000. Quinto, t. Spain, in Arragon, on the Ebro, 27 m. S. E. Saragossa. Quinto, v. Switz. in Ticino, 25 m. N. N. W. Bellinzona. Quinsano,t Austrian Italy, 11 m. N. Cremona. Pop. 3,000. Quiriquina, small isl. of the Pacific ocean, at the entrance of the bay of Conception. Quiros, Cape, cape on the E. coast of the island of Espiritu Santo, in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 84 58' E. Lat. 15 44' S. Quirpon, isl. near the N. coast of Newfound- land. Lon. 52 22' W. Lat. 51 40' N. Quisanga, small s-p. E. Africa. Lat. 12 20' S. Quissac, t. France, in Gard, 20 m. W. by N. Nimes. Pop. 1,400. Quistello, t. Austrian Italy, on the right bank of the Secchia, near its influx into the Po, 12 m. S. S. W. Mantua. Quita Sueno, shoals on the coast of Mexico, op- posite Cape Gracias de Dios, 45 miles long. Lon. 81 W. Lat. 14 20' N. Quito, Audience of, country, S. America, in New Granada, bounded N. by the audience of Santa Fe, E. by the Portuguese dominions, W. by the Pacific, and S. by Peru. Quito, the capital of the above country, is near- ly under the equator, on the eastern slope of the western branch of the Andes, 35 leagues from the Pacific ocean. The volcanic mountain of Pichin- cha is the basis on which this celebrated city rests. The streets, except the four principal ones, are very irregular, owing to the inequalities of the ground, which are so great, that they entirely de- prive the inhabitants of the use of wheel carriages. The city contains seven parish churches, a uni- versity, with numerous convents, nunneries, &c. The population is estimated at 70,000. The whites make up one-sixth part ; the mestizoes a third part; the Indians one-sixth; and casts of different kinds?, one-third. Quito is so happily sit- uated, that neither the heat nor cold are trouble- some, though the extremes of both may be felt in the neighbourhood. This equality is constant throughout the whole year, the difference between the seasons being scarce perceivable ; but to counterbalance this advantage, here are dreadful tempests of thunder and lightning, and still more dreadful earthquakes, which often surprise the in- habitants in the midst of security. On the 4th of February 1797, the country was shaken by a most dreadful earthquake, the face of the whole district was changed, and in the space of a second, forty R A C thousand persons were hurled into eternity. The height of Quito above the level of the sea, is 9,510 feet. Lon. 78 10' W. Lat. 0" 13' S. Quitta, Danish fort, at the mouth of the Rio Volta, between the Gold and Slave coasts of Af- rica. Lon. 8' E. Lat. 6 N. Qut'rre, r. Missouri, in St. Charles co. which flows into the Mississippi. It is navigable 150 miles. Quixos and Macas, the most easterly province of the audience of Quito, and kingdom of New Granada, bounded N. by Popayan, and E. by Por- Guiana. RAD 631 Quod, Cape, cape on the coast of Patagonia, in the straits of Magellan. Lon. 74 6' W. Lat. 53 33' S. Quotn, island in the Eastern seas, N. of the Ni- cobar islands. Lon. 93 23' E. Lat. 9 56' N. Quoin, small isl. in the Eastern seas, near the W. coast of Madagascar. Lon. 48 14' E. Lat. 14' S. QMO/C, country of Africa, in the interior from Sierra Leone, between 8 and 10 W. Ion. and 7 and9N.lat. Quondanga, t. Birman empire, ou the Irrawud- dy, 42 m. N. Prome. R. KAAB, or Gyori Varmtgyt, county, Hungary, on both sides of the Danube, and of the river Raab. Pop. 78,000. Raab, Gyor, or Nany-Gyor, the capital, is in a fine plain, surrounded by the Dan- ube, the Raab, and the Rabnitz. It is fortified both by nature and art. It is a bishop's see. Pop. 1 1,000, of whom 5,000 are within the fortifications. The chief manufacture is of knives and swords. 38 m. S. S. E. Presburg, 66 E. S. E. Vienna. Lon. 17 6' E. Lat. 47 41' N. Raab, r. Austrian States, which falls into the Danube, by three channels, near the city of Raab. Raagoe, small isl. of Denmark, on the N. coast of the island of Laaland. Lon. 11 19' E. Lat. 54 58' N. Raasay, or Raaza, isl. of the Hebrides, between the mainland of Scotland and the isle of Skye, 15 miles long by 2 broad. Lon. 6 W. Lat. 57 25' N. Raase, t. Austrian States, 20 m. W. Troppau. Pop. 1,800. Rabasteins, t. France, in Tarn, on the river Tarn, 18 m. N. E. Toulouse. Pop. 6,000. Rabat. See Sallee. Rabbath Moab, the capital of the ancient coun- try of Moab, situated in a mountainous country, E. of the Lake Asphaltites. Its ruins still remain ; particularly some walls and marble pillars belong- ing to a large Corinthian temple. Rabbit Island, small isl. near the N. coast of Scotland. Lon. 4 14' W. Lat. 58 30' N. Rabensburg, v. Austria, at the influx of the Theya into the March, 15 m. N. N. E. Zibters- dorf. Rabenstein, t. Austria, 11 m. S. S. W. St. Pol- ten. Rabnabad, isl. in the bay of Bengal, 15 miles long, by 5 broad. Lon. 90 26' E. Lat. 22 N. Rabnabad, t. Bengal, in Backergunge, on the E. bank of one of the numerous branches of the Delta of the Ganges. Lat. not ascertained. Rabun, co. Georgia. Pop. 524. Slaves 15. At the court-house is a post-office. Racanccllo, r. Naples, in Calabria Citra, falls into the gulf of Tarento, in Ion. 16 42' E lal. 49 37' N. Raccn, t. Diarbekir, on the E. bank of the Eu- phrates, at the mouth of a small river named Be- les, formed, according to Pliny, by Alexander the Great. It was the favourite residence of Harouu al Rashed. Lon. 38 50' E. Lat. 36 5' N. Raccoon, t. Gallia co. Ohio, on Raccoon creek, 12 m. W. Gallipolis. Pop. 854. Raccoon Creek, r. Ohio, which runs into the Ohio, 6 m. below Gallipolis, after a course of 50 miles. Raccoon mountain, Tennessee. It is pierced by Tennessee river, at the place called the Suck. Race, Cape, cape on the S. E. coast of New- foundland. Lon. 52 30' W. Lat. 46 46' N. Race, Point, the N. W. extremity of Cape Cod, Mass. 3 m. N. W. Provincetown. Lon. 70 12' W. Lat. 42" 4' N. Race of Alderney, or Ras de Blanquert, a nar- row strait of the English channel, between the isle of Alderney and Cape la Hogue, in France. Rachore, district, Hind, in Bejapore, on the river Kistnah. Rachore, the capital, is pleasantly situated on the S. bank of the river. Lon. 78 5' E. Lat. 16 20' N. Rachour, t. Hind, in Gurrah Mundella. Lon. 80 5' E. Lat. 23 N. Rachouty, t. India, in Gurrumcondah. Lon. 78 C 40' E. Lat. 14 2' N. Racket, r. N. Y. which rises near the sources of the Hudson, and flows N. into the St. Lawrence, 2 m. above St. Regis. In the town of Cookham, it falls, in a short distance, 200 feet. It is navigable 20 miles, to Louisville. Rackclon. See Louisville, N. Y. Rackibirn Island, small isl. near the W. coast of Ireland. Lon. 8 42' W. Lat. 54 40' N. Rackoke, one of the Kurile isles, about 13 miles long, and the same broad. Rackwits, t. Prussian Poland, 24 m. N. Frau- stadt. Pop. 1,300. Raconigi, or Raconis, t. Piedmont, 10 m. S. Carignano, 20 S. Turin. Pop. 10,500. Racz-Kevi, t. Hungary, 24 m. S. Pest. Racski, t. Poland, 13 m. S. E. Augustow. Pop. 800. Radanagur, t. Bengal, in Burdwan, 2 m. from Keerpoy. Radaune, r. W. Prussia, which falls into the Mottlau nearDantzic. Radbuta, r. Bohemia, which joins the Misa near Pilsen. Rndeberg, t. Saxony, 8 m. N. E. Dresden. Pop. 1,800. 632 RAG Radcn, or Rahden, t. Prussian states, 16m.N. \V. Minden. Pop. 1,500. Radepont, v. France, in Eure, 10 m. S. E. Rouen. Rades, t. Tunis, in Africa, 5 m. S. E. Tunis. Rade tor dem Walde, t. Prussian states, 24 m. E. Dusseldorf. Pop. 2,700. Radicofani, or Forte Radicofani, t. Tuscany, 38 m. S. E. Sienna. Radkersburg, t. Austrian states, on an island in the Muhr, 107 m. S. by W. Vienna, 36 S. S. E. Gratz. Pop. 2,400. Radmar, v. Austrian states, 20 m. W. N. W. Leoben. Radno, t. Eu. Russia, in Volhynia, 80 m. N. by W. Luck. Radnor, county, Wales, bounded N. by Mont- gomeryshire and Shropshire, E. by Herefordshire, S. andW. by Brecknockshire and part of Cardi- gan. Extent, about 500 sq. miles. Pop. 20,900. Radnor, New, t. and borough, Wales, in Rad- nor co. on the Somergill, 7 m. N. W. Kingston, 155 W. N. W. of London. Pop. 1,917. Radnor, t. Delaware co. Pa. Pop. 1,059. Radnor, t. Delaware co. Ohio. Pop. 523. Radolfzell, t. Baden, on the Lake Constance. Pop. 1,100. Radom, t. Poland, 54 m. S. Warsaw, 1 10 N. E. Cracow. Pop. 1,500. Radoviste, or Radovich, t. Eu. Turkey, in Ro- mania, 60 m. N. by W. Salonica. Pop. 2,000. Radstadt, t. Austria, 39 m. S. S. E. Salzburg, 102 E. Innspruck. Pop. 800. Radstock bay, bay on the N. shore of Barrow's strait between Cape Wilmot on the E. and Cape Rickets on the W. Radymno, t. Austrian Poland, 7 m. E. S. E. Ja- roslav, 10 N. by E. Przemsyl. Pop. 1,500. Radzicjow, t. Poland, 17m. W. Brzesc. Pop. 900. Radzionz, t. Poland, 20 m. N. W. Plock. Pop. 900. Radzivilor, t. Eu. Russia, in Volhynia, 7 m. N. W. Brody in Galicia. Radzyn, t. Poland, 38 m. N. Lublin. Pop. 1,000. Rae, the ruins of, formerly an immense city of Persia, immediately S. of Tehraun. Raen, or Raan, t. Austrian states, on the Save, 28 m. S. E. Cilley. Rafael Cape, cape on the E. coast of Hispaniola. Lon. 69 46' E. Lat. 19 2' N. Rafin, t. Hind, in Aurungabad. Lon. 73 20' E. Lat. 126'N. Ragatz, t. Switz. in St. Gall, 5 m. S. S. E. Sar- gans. Ragged Harbour, bay on the E. coast of New- foundland. Lon. 52 43' W. Lat. 49 45' N. Ragged Island, small isl. among the Bahamas Lon. 77 16' W. Lat. 22 27' N. Ragged Island, a small isl. in the Eastern seas, near the island of Paraguay. Lon. 1 19 30' E. Lat. 11" 24' N. Ragged Point, cape on the E. coast of the island of Borneo. Lon. 116" 40' E. Lat. 2" 13' S. Ragged Point, cape on the N. coast of St Chris- topher. Lon. 62" 42' W. Lat. 17 3ff N. Raggendorf, t. Austria, 14 m. N. N. E. Vienna. Pop. 1,400. Raggiolo, t. Austrian Italy, 16 m. E. by N. Gu- astalla. Ragland, v. Eng. in Monmonth f>o. 8 m. W. Monmouth. R A I Ragnil, t. East Prussia, in Gumbinnen, on th Memel, 6 m. S. E. Tilsit. Pop. 2,100. Ragoegur, t. Hind, in Malwah. Lou. 77 30' E. Lat. 2423'N. Raguhn, t. Germany, in Anhalt-Dessau, 6 m. S. Dessau. Pop. 1,100. Raguia, a circle of Austrian Dalmatia, includ- ing the islands of Curzela, Lagoata or Agosta, Mi- leda,Guipana, Mezzo, Caliunata,aud afew others. It is bounded by the Turkish frontier on t.u- K. and the Adriatic on the W. Area, about 700 sq. miles. Pop. 60,000. Ragusa, the chief town of the above district, and an archbishop's see, is on a peninsula in the Adriatic, with two large and commodious har- bours. It carries on a traffic with the Levant and Italy. Pop. 10,000. 278 m. E. by N. Rome, and 94 S. E. Spalatro. Lon. 18 11' 55" E. Lat. 42 36' 30" N. Ragusa, t. in the S. of Sicily, in the Val di Noto, 28 m. W. by S. Syracuse. Lon. 14 52' E. Lat. 36 17' N. Pop. 20,000. Rahapa, small isl. in the Eastern seas, near the E. coast of Borneo. Lon. 119" 4' E. Lat. 4 58' N, Rahat, t. Hind, in Allahabad. Lon. 80 E. Lat. 25 32' N. Rahdunpore, or Radonpore, t. Hind, in Gujerat. Lon. 7 1 45' E. Lat. 24 N. Rahmanie, t. Lower Egypt, at the junction of the Nile with the canal of Alexandria. 42 m. E. S. E. Alexandria. Rahna, r. which rises in Swedish Lapland, and falls into the gulf of Bothnia, near the town of Rahna, in Sweden. Rahoon,i. Hind: in Lahore, 4m. W. of the Sut- telege river. Lon. 75 35' E. Lat. 31 5 N. Ra/'tova, or Orava, t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, on the Danube, 36 in. W. Silistria. Rahicay, p-t. Essex co. N. J. on the river Rah- way, which runs into Staten island Sound 4 miles below. Pop. 1,945. 4 m. S. W. Elizabethtown. Rat, r - Austrian Italy, which issues from lake St. Croce, and falls into the Piave. Rai. See Rae. Raiutea, one of the Society islands, in the South Pacific ocean. The London Society have mission- aries here. See Society Islands. Raibaug. t. Hind, in Bejapore. Lon. 74" 52' E. Lat. 1635'N. Raijo, Rio, r. N. America, which rises in the Rocky mountains and flowing E. joins the Cana- dian near its mouth. 72am, t. Bavaria, 22 m. W. Irigolstadt, 20 \. Augsburg. Pop. 1,200. Rain, t. Austrian states, on the Save, 26 m. S. S.E. Cilley. Rainangboon, t. Birman empire, ontho E. bank of the Irrawuddy. Lou. 94" 45' E. Lat. 20 26' N. Rainford, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 5 m. N. by E. Prescot. Pop. 1,315. Rainham, v. Eng. in Kent, 3 m. E. S. E. Chat ham. Pop. 877. Rainham, t. Norfolk co. Upper Canada, on Lai Erie. Rainow, t. Eng. in Cheshire, 3 m. N. E. by Macclesfield. Pop. 1,595, Rainy Lake, lake on the boundary between tF United States and the British possessions, in 41 15' N. lat. and between 92 and 93" W. Ion. discharges itself through an outlet 120 miles lor into the lake of the Woods. R A K Rainy River, r. Illinois, joins Illinois river 250 niles above its entrance into the Mississippi. Rairy, fort, Hind, in Bejapore. Lon. 73 45' E. Lat. 18 l 16' N. Raiseen, district, Hind, in Malwah. Raiseen, the capital, is in Ion. 77 47' E. lat. 23' 19' N. Raisin, r. Michigan, which rises in marshes near the S. boundary of the Territory, and run- ning E. about 60 miles, flows into Lake Erie 12 m. N. of Maumee bay. It is about 50 yards wide at its mouth, and is navigable for small craft, seven miles to Monroe. Here are rapids, above which the river is navigable nearly to its source. The lands on this river have lately come into notice, and settlements are rapidly extend- ing'. Raisnes, v. France, dep. of the North, 3 ra. N. Valenciennes. Pop. 2,000. Raivaivai, isi. one of the Society islands, about 25 miles in circumference with a good harbour. Pop. about 1,600. Lon. 148 3' W. Lat. 23 42' S. Rajabary, t. Bengal, in Dacca, on the W. bank of the river Megna. Lon. 96 21' E. Lat. 23 25' N. Rajahnagur, t. Bengal, in Dacca, on the E. side of the Ganges. Lon. 93 14' E. Lat. 23 22- N. Rajamundroog, t. and fort, Hind, in Bejapore, at the entrance into the river of Mirjee. Lon. 73 30' E. Lat. 14 30' N. Rajamundry, district, Hind, in the Circars, bounded N. by Cicacole, S. by Ellore, W.fby the territories of the Nizam, and E. by the bay of Ben- gal. Rajamundry, the capital, and the residence of the British civil establishment, is on the N. side of the Godavery. Lon. 81 54' E. Lat. 16 59' N. Raj Chohan, district, Hind, in Gundwaneh, be- tween 23 and 24 N. lat. Chief town, Sonehut. Raje Ghur, t. Hind, in Malwah, on the W. bank of the Sopra. Lon. 76 21' E. Lat. 23 56' N. Rajeghur, t. Hind, in Allahabad, on the W. bank of Cane river. Lon. 80 5' E. Lat. 24 44' N. Raj anal, or Rajemahal, district, Bengal, on the W. side of the Ganges, in about 25 N. lat. Rajemahal, a very ancient city of Bengal, on the W. bank of the Ganges, at the foot of a range of hills. Lon. 97 53' E. Lat. 25 2' N. Rajetz, t. Hungary. Pop. 4,400. 1 16 m. N. E. Vienna. Lon. 18 38' 45" E. Lat. 49 5' 35 ' N. Near the town are three warm baths. Rajka, or Rakendorf, t. Hungary, 1 1 m. S. S. E. Presburg. Pop. 2,300. Rajoor, t. Hind, in Berar. Lon. 80 E. Lat. 19 56 N. Rajoora, t. Hind, in Aurungabad. Lon. 77 15' E. Lat. 18 38' N. Rajpoor, or Rajapore, t. and fort, Hind, in Be- japoor, on the shore of the Concan. Lon. 73 25' E. Lat. 16 45' N. Rajpoor, t. Hind, in Allahabad. Lon. 82 50' E. Lat. 24" 37' N. Rnkalrie. See Rackoke. Rakonitz, one of the sixteen circles into which Bohemia is divided. Area, 1,060 square miles. Pop. 133,000. Rakonitz, the capital, is 26 m. W. Prague. Lon. 13 56' E. Lat. 50 6' 36" N. Rnkosch, t. Hungary, 36 m. S. S. E. Vienna. Rakow, t. Poland, 62 m. E. N. E. Cracow. Rakoiceena, harbour on the coast of Kamts- 80 RAM 633 chatka, in Avatsha bay, 3 m. S. St.-Peter-and-St - Paul. Rakwits, t. Prussian Poland, 33 m. W. S. W. Posen. Pop. 1,200. Raleigh, t. Kent co. Upper Canada, extending from Lake Erie to the river Thames. Raleigh, the capital of North Carolina, is in Wake co. 123 m. N. W. Newbern, 60 N. Fayette- ville, 27 E. Chapel Hill, 140 S. S. W. Petersburg. It is a beautiful town ; and contains a state-house, court-house, theatre, 2 banks, 2 academies, 2 houses of public worship, and 3 printing offices. In the centre of the town is Union Square, con- taining 10 acres, from which extend 4 streets, dividing the town into four quarters. In the centre of these quarters are 4 other squares, of 4 acres each. The four large streets are 99 feet wide ; the others 66. The state-house is a beautiful building of brick, 102 feet long, 56 broad, and 43 feet high, standing on an eleva- tion in the centre of Union square. It contains a superb statue of Washington, executed by the celebrated Canova, at the expense of the state of North Carolina. Pop. in 1816, 1,680, of whom 592 were slaves. Lon. 78 48' W. Lat. 35 44' N. Ralphsville, t. Ash tabula co. Ohio, on lake Erie, at the mouth of the Ashtabula, 11 m. N. Jefferson. Ram, t. and fort, Eu. Turkey, on the Danube, opposite Uj Palanka, 40 m. E. Belgrade. Ram Head, cape, on the S. coast of Ireland, 4 m. E. Youghal bay. Lon. 7 44' W. Lat. 51 56' N. Ram Head, cape, on the S. E. coast of New Holland. Lon. 149 35' E. Lat. 36 56' S. Ruma, t. AustrianDalmatia, 20m. N. W. Mo- star. Rama, or Ramla, t. Palestine, in one of the most extensive and and fertile districts of the Holy Land, 25 m. W. N. W. Jerusalem. Ramada, or New Salamanca, t. S. America, in Santa Martha, 90 rn. E. Santa Martha. Lon. 72" 20' W. Lat. 11 10' N. Ramagiry, t. India, in Mysore. Lon. 77 33' E. Lat. 12 44' N. Ramapo, or Ringwood, r. which rises in New York, and flowing into New Jersey, meets the Pe- quanack in Pompton plains. The united stream under the name of Pornpton river joins the Passaic. Ramapo Works, p-v. in Hampstead, N. Y. on Ramapo river, containing extensive iron works, 40 m. N. New York. Ramas, Cape, cape on the coast of Malabar Lon. 73 35' E. Lat. 15" 10/ N. Rambervillers, t. France, in Vosges. 14 m. N. E, Epinal, 15 N. W. St. Die. Pop. 4,900. Rambla, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 17 m. S. by W. Cordova. Pop. 5,000. Rambouillet, t. France, in Seine-and-Oise, 30 m. S. W . Paris. Pop. 2,600. Ramdroog, fort, Hind, in Bejapore. Lat. not ascertained. Rame, v. Eng. in Cornwall, near Mount Edge- cumb. Here is a promontory called Ramhead. Lon. 4 12' 29' W. Lat. 50 18' 51 (/ N. Pop. 978. Ramergh, t. Hind, in Hyderabad. Lon. 79 32' E. Lat. 18 31' N. Rametla, t. Sicily, in the Val di Demona, 6 m. W. Messina. Pop. 2,000. Ramgerry, t. and fort, India, in Malabar, half way between the Malabar coast and Paligautchery. Ramghaut, t. Hind, in Delhi, on the W. bank of the Ganges. Lgn. 78 Z% E. Lat. 28 12' N. 634 RAM Ramgonga, r. Hind, which falls into the Ganges. 10 m. N. Canouge. Ramgunge, t. Hind, in Oude. Lon. 80 35' E. Lat. 26 37' N. Ramgur, district, Hind, in Bahar. Chief towns, Ramgur, Chittra, and Muckundgunge. Ramgur, the capital, is on the N. bank of Dummoodah river. Lon. 85 43' E. Lat. 23 38' N. Ramgurry, fort, India, in Mysore, 20 m. S. W. Chitteldroog. Ramillies, or Ramelies, v. Netherlands, in South Brabant. On 23d May 1706, the allied forces un- der the duke of Marl borough, obtained here a sig- nal victory over the French. 13 m. N. Namur, 26 S. E. Brussels. Ramkewra, t. Hind, in Bejapore. Lon. 74 20' E. Lat. 1841'N. Ramla. See Rama. Ramlosa, v. Sweden, in Schonen, 3 m. N. Hel- singborg. Rammekens, fort, Netherlands, in the island of Walcheren, on the Scheldt, 3 m. from Middle- burg. Rammisser, t. Hind, in Khandeish, at the junc- tion of the river Ghirah and Tuptee. Lon. 75 21' E. Lat. 21 4' N. Rammisseramlsle, isl. in the straits between Hin- dostan and Ceylon, 11 miles long by 6 broad. It contains a celebrated temple, with an image of the demigod Ram, and the concourse of pilgrims is very great. Lon. 79 21' E. Lat. 9 17' N. Ramnad, t. Hind, and capital of a district of the same name, in Marawar. Lon. 78 49' E. Lat. 9 24' N. Ramnagur, t. Hind, in Allahabad, on the E. bank of the Ganges, opposite Benares. Lon. 83 1' E. Lat. 26 30' N. Ramnode, t. Hind, in Malwah. Lon. 78 5' E. Lat. 25 6' N. Ramonchamp, t. France, in Vosges, on the Mo- selle, 11 m. S. E. Remiremont. Pop. 2,400. Ramoo, t. Bengal, in Chittagong, on the high road from Islamabad to Arracan. Lon. 92 15' E. Lat. 21 27' N. Ramos, or Lamos, r. W. Africa, which runs in- to the Atlantic, 60 m. N. N. W. Cape Formosa. Rampoor, city, Hind, and cap. of a district of the same name, belonging to the British, on the Soosey or Cosilla river. Lon. 78 58' E. Lat. 28 50' N. Ram being the name of one of the Hindoo demigods, there are innumerable places called af- ter him. Ramsay, Feint, cape on the S. E. coast of the island of Lewis. Lon. 6 36' W. Lat. 57 44' N. Ramsbury, v. Eng. in Wilts. Pop. 2,095. Ramsden, Point, cape on the N. W. coast of America, at the entrance of Observatory inlet. Lon. 230 2' E. Lat. 54 49' N. Ramsey, t. Eng. in the Isle of Man, 16 m. N. Douglas. Lon. 4 26' W. Lat. 54 17' N. Pop. 1,610. Ramsey, t. Eng. in Huntington co. 11 m N.N.E. Huntingdon, 69 N. London. Lon. 6' W. Lat. 52 27' N. Pop. 2,390. Ramtey, isl. Wales, on the coast of Pembroke- shire, 4 m. S. S. W. St. David's. Lon. 5 20' W. Lat. 51 53' N. Ramsey's Ferry, p-v. Livingston co. Ken. Ramsgate, seaport, Eng. in Kent co. noted for its excellent artificial harbor, and also as a fash- ionable resort for sea-bathing. It is on the E. coast of the isle of Thanet, between the North and South Forelands, and commands a delightful RAN prospect of the Downs and the British channel. The harbor was intended to afford security to ves- sels in the Downs, tha t were driven from their moorings by stress of weather, many vessels hav- ing been lost for want of this accommodation. It consists of two immense piers, extending from the coast about 800 feet into the sea, and bending to- wards each other, so as nearly to approach and inclose a circular area of 46 acres, which forms the harbor. The sums expended on it have been es- timated at between 600,000/. and 700,000/. 5 m. S. Margate, 72 E. London. Lon. 125' E. Lat. 51 20' N. Pop. in 1811, 4,221. Ranai, or Oranai, one of the Sandwich islands in the North Pacific ocean, about 9 m.W. Mowee. Lon. 155 W. Lat. 20 51' N. Ranakburn Point, cape, Scotland, on the W. coast of Kintyre. Lon. 5" 46' W. Lat. 55 41' N. Rancagua, province, Chili, between the rivers Maypo and Cachapoal, and between the Andes and the sea. Pop. 12,000. It has mines of gold of very fine quality. Rancagua, the capital, also called Santa Cruz de Triana, is on the river Cachapoal, 53 m. S. Santiago. Lon. 70 42' W. Lat. 34 18' S. Ranee, r. France, in Cotes du Nord, which falls into the sea, at St. Malo. Rancheria, settlement, New Granada, 20 m. N. E. Hacha. Lon. 72^36' W. Lat. 11 N. Rancheria, small isl. in the Pacific ocean, near the coast of Veragua. Lon. 82 16' W. Lat. 7* 50' N. Ranchos, fort, Buenos Ay res, 55 m. S. Buenos Ayres. Lon. 58 16' 14" W. Lat. 35 30' 30" S. jRancon, t. France, in Upper Vienne, 23m. N. Limoges. Pop. 2,000. Randalstown, t. Ireland, in Antrim, 4 m. W. N. W. Antrim, 38 S. E. Londonderry. Randans, t. France, in Auvergne, 14 m. N. E. Rium. Pop. 1,100. Randasso, t. Sicily, in the Val di Demona, 23 m. N. Catania, 38 S. E. Messina. Lon. 15 4' E. Lat. 37 57' N. Pop. 12,000. Randeradt, t Prussian province of the Lower Rhine, 10 m. N. W. Juliers. Pop. 2,600. Randers, t. Denmark, in North Jutland. It stands on the river Guden, near the Baltic, and is the second town in Jutland. Vessels can come within 8 miles of the town. Pop. 4,600. 23m. E. Viborg, 20 N. by W. Aarhuus. Lon. 10 3' 32" E. Lat. 56 27' 48" N. Randersacker, t. Bavaria, on the Maine, 2 m. S. E. Wurzburg. Pop. 1,100. Randier, t. Hind, in Gujerat, opposite to Surat, on the N. side of Tupty river. Lon. 73 3" E. Lat. 21 16' N. Randin Isle, small isl. Lower Canada, formed by the St. Lawrence, before it spreads out into lake St Peter. Randolph, p-t. Orange co. Vt. on two branches of White river, 36 m. N. Windsor. Pop. 2,487. The village contains an academy, and a Congrega- tional meeting-house. Here is a large bed of iron ore, and several iron works are erected. Randolph, p-t. Norfolk co. Mass. 15 m. S. Bos- ton. Pop. 1,546. Randolph, t. Broomeco. N. Y. Randolph,!. Morris co. N. J. Pop. 1,252. Randolph, co. in the N. W. part of Virgini Pop. 3,357. Slaves 131. Engaged in agricultui 884, in commerce 3, in manufactures 40. Chic town, Beverly. Randolph^ co. in the central part of N. C. Pop. RAP 11,331. Slaves 1,080. Engaged in agriculture 3,335, in commerce 24, in manufactures 171. At the court-house is a post-office. Randolph. See Jasper co. Geo. Randolph, t. Montgomery^. Ohio, 12 m. N.W. Dayton. Pop. 1,404. Randolph, L Portage co. Ohio. Pop. 328. Randolph, p-t. Stark co. Ohio. Randolph, co. Indiana. Pop. 1,808. Engaged in agriculture 298, in commerce 14, in manufac- tures 2. Randolph, co. Illinois. Pop. 3,492. Engaged in agriculture 944, in commerce 20, in manufac- tures 128. Chief town, Kaskaskia. Random, t. Essex co. Vt. 58 m. N. Montpelier. Random Island, small isl. in Trinity bay, near the E. coast of Newfoundland. Lon. 53 40' W. Lat. 48 15' N. Randow, r. Prussian states, in Pomerania, which falls into the Ucker, 3 m. S. Uckermunde. Rangalore, t. and fort, Hind, in Northern Cir- cars. Lon. 83 20' E. Lat. 18 20' N. Rangamutty, district, Bengal.. Rangamutty, the capital, is in Ion. 90 E. lat. 26 9' N. Rangamutty, t Bengal, on the E. bank of the Bhaggarutty river. Lon. 88 18' E. Lat. 24 N. Range, t. Madison co. Ohio. Pop. 529. Rangendingen, v. Germany, in Hohenzollern- Hechingen, 7 m. E. Hechingen. Pop. 1,100. Rangoon, city, and principal port of the Bir- man empire, on the N. bank of the eastern branch of the Irrawuddy river, 30 miles from its mouth. The population is said to amount to 30,000, com- posed of persons from all parts of the world. Af- ter the Birmans and Peguers, the native Portu- guese and Chinese are the most numerous ; the latter are all carpenters, and obtain employment in the dock- yards. The place is extremely com- modious for the construction of ships. All kinds of European goods are imported here, and a va- riety of cloths from different parts of India ; also tea, sugar-candy, and porcelain from China. The exports are chiefly wax, ivory, and timber. It is the only port in the Birman empire with which Europeans are allowed to trade. The Ameri- can Baptists have employed Missionaries here, but owing to the opposition of the Birman gov- ernment, it is supposed that they will be obliged to leave the country. Lon. 96 9' E. Lat. 16' 47' N. Ranguana, small isl. in the bay of Honduras, near the coast of Mexico. Lon. 88 52' W. Lat. 16'25'N. Rankweil, t. Austrian states, in Tyrol, 1 m. N. Feldkirch. Lon. 9 39' 33" . Lat. 47 15' 15'' N. Pop. 900. Ranny Bednore, t. Hind. Lon. 75 42' E. Lat. 14 36' N. Rannypore,L Hind, in Malwah. Lon. 79 16' E. Ut. 25 13' N. Ransom's bridge, p-v. Halifax co. N. C. Hantampore, t. and fort, Hind, and capital of a .li-trict in Ajmeer. Lon. 7625'E. Lat. 26 2'N. Ranworth, v. Eng. in Norfolk, on the Bure, op- posite Ludham, 9 m. from Norwich. Ranzaw, County of. See Barmstadt. Raon rEtape, t. France, in Meurthe, at the confluence of the Etape and the Meurthe, 34 m. S. K. \;incy. Pop. 2,600. Rapallo, t. Sardinian states, at the bottom of a small gulf, 18 m. E. S. E. Genoa. Pop. 2,500. R A S 635 Rapasa, province, New Granada, bounded N. by Novita, E. by Popayan, S. by Quito, W. by the Pacific. Rapel, r. Chili, which runs into the Pacific ocean, in lat. 34 8' S. Raphoe,t. Ireland, in Donegal, 21 m. N. E.Do- negal, 11 S. W. Londonderry. Raphoe, t. Lancaster co. Pa. Pop. 3,216. Raphoe Point, cape on the N.W. coast of Amer- ica, in Dean's canal, on the coast of New Hanover. Lon. 232 55' E. Lat. 52 43' N. Rapid Jinn, r. Va. which joins the Rappahan- nock, 10 m. above Fredericksburg. Rapid Plat, small isl. Up. Canada, in the river St. Lawrence, in front of VVilliamsburg. Rapid River, r. N. America, which runs into Hudson bay. Rapide, co. Louisiana, on both sides of Red river. Pop. 6,065. Slaves 3,489. Engaged in agriculture 2,586, in commerce 55, in manufac- tures 2 18. Chief town, Alexandria. Rapollo, t. Naples, in the Basilicata, 55 m. E. N. E. Salerno, 84 E. Naples. It is the see of a bishop. Raposo, r. S. America, in Popayan, which en- ters the Pacific ocean, in the bay of Buenaventura, in lat. 3" 48' N. Rappahannock, r. Va. which rises in the Blue Ridge, and running S. E. about 130 miles, enters Chesapeake bay between Windmill and Stingray points, 30 miles south of the mouth of the Potomac. It passes by Falmouth, Fredericksburg, Port Roy- al, Leeds, Tappahannock, and Urbanna. It has 4 fathom's water to Hobb's hole, and is navigable for vessels drawing 10 feet of water to Fredericks- burg, 110 miles from its mouth. Measures have been recently taken to improve the navigation above Fredericksburg. Rappersweil, t. Switzerland, in St. Gall, at the narrowest part of the lake of Zurich, 15 m. S. E. Zurich, 21 S. W. St. Gall. Pop. 3,000. Rapsaine, t. Eu. Turkey, in Thessaly, at the foot of Mount Olympus, l m. from the right bank of the Peneus, and 18 from Larissa. Pop. 4,000. Rarce, s-p. Hind, in Bejapore. Lon. 73 30' E. Lat. 15 50' N. Raren, or Raron, v. Swiss canton of the Valais, 21 m. E. Sion. Raritan, r. N. J. formed by two branches which unite in Somerset county. It runs a little S. of E. and passing by New Brunswick and Amboy, falls into Amboy bay at the South end of Staten island. Sloops of 80 tons ascend to New Brunswick, 17 miles. It has long been in contemplation to con- nect this river with the Delaware by a canal. See JVett? Jersey. Raritan, t. Somerset co. N. J. on the Raritan, 12 m. N. W. Brunswick. Ras, or Passage du Ras, strait on the N. W. coast of France, between the island of Sains and the mainland, a little S. of Brest. Ras el Khyma, t. Arabia, on the Persian gulf, the capital of the Pirate coast. It stands on a sandy peninsula, and is well fortified. The Brit- ish destroyed the defences in 1809, but they were afterwards repaired ; and a new expedition was sent against the place a few years since. Lon. 55 30' E. Lat. 25 49' N. Ras al Mahbees, cape, Arabia, in the Red sea. Lat 32 18' N. Ras Mohammed, cape, Arabia, in the Red sea, 636 RAT forming the S. point of the promontory of Sinai, divides the head of that sea into two branches. Lat. 27 54' N. Has at Nashef, cape, Egypt, in the Red Sea. Lat. 23 16' N. Ras Rouse, cape, on the E. coast of Arabia. Lat. 21 55' N. Ras Fire, cape, on the S. coast of Arabia, form- ing the extremity of the bay of Curia Muria. Lat. 17 25' N. Ras Zafrane, cape, Egypt, in the Red Sea, 32 m. S. S. E. Suez. Rasa, small id. near the E. coast of Africa. Lat. 17 8' S. . Rasay. See Raasay. Rascfi, t. Bavaria, 2 m. S. S. E. Altdorf. Rascians, or Raifzen, a numerous tribe, of Scla- vonic descent, inhabiting the Bannat, Sclavonia, and other parts of the south of Hungary. Raseb, al, fortified pass in the mountains of Great Bukharia, 165 m. E. Samarcand. . Raseborg, s-p. Russia, in Finland, 30 m. S. E. Abo. Rasiculmo, cape on the N. coast of Sicily. Lon. 1249'E. Lat. 38 18' N. Rasnes, t. France, in Orne, 12 m. S. W. Argen- tan, 23 N. W. Alencon. Pop. 2,200. Raspberry Island, small isl. on the N. W. coast of America. Lon. 230 3' E. Lat. 54 3' N. Rastektein, v. Prussian states, in the grand dutchy of the Lower Rhine, 1 m. from Neuwied. It has large iron works. Rassovat, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria, 25 m. N. E. Dristra. Lon. 27 37' E. Lat. 44 25' N. Rastadt, t. Germany, in Baden, on the Murg, near the Rhine. It is the chief town of the district of the Murg, and the seat of one of the four courts of justice of the grand dutchy. 20m. N. N. E. Strasburg. Pop. 4,200. Raslenberg, t. Germany, 15 m. N. by E. Wei- mar. Pop. 900. Rastenburg, t. East Prussia, 55 m. S. S. E. Ko- nigsberg. Pop. 2,200. Rastico Harbor, Grand, bay in the gulf of St. Lawrence, on the N. coast of the island of St. John. Lon. 62 50' W. Lat. 46 25' N. Rasirick, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 5 m. N. by W. Huddersfield. Pop. 2,442. Raszkow, t. Prussian Poland, 15 m. W. by S. Kalisch. Pop. 900. Rat Island, small isl. on the coast of Sumatra, 9 m. W. Fort Maryborough, Bencoolen. Lon. 101 55' E. Lat. 3 57' S. Ratan, harbor, Sweden, on the W. coast of the gulf of Bothnia. Lat. 63 58' 43" N. Ralcliff on Soare, v. Eng. in Nottinghamshire, near the confluence of the Soare with the Trent, 8^ m. S. W. Nottingham. Raldiffe, hamlet, Eng. in Middlesex, 2 m. E. by S. St. Paul's cathedral, London, and within the bill of mortality. Pop. 6,998. Rathangan, t. Ireland, in Kildare co. on the S. side of the Little Barrow. 28 m. S. W. Dublin. Rathcormick, t. Ireland, in Cork co. 12 m. E. Mallow, 14 N. Cork. Rathdrum, t. Ireland, in Wicklow co. on the Avon. 26 m. S. S. E. Dublin. Ratheim, t. Prussian states, 12 m. N. N. E. Ju- liers. Pop. 900. Rathenau, t. Prussia, in Brandenburg, on the Havel, 42 m. W. Berlin, 43 N. N. E. Magdeburg. Pop. 4,100. R A V Rnlklin Island, small isl. near the N. coast of Ire- land. Lon. 6" 6' W. Lat. 52 20' N. Rathmines, v. Ireland, l m. fr. Dublin castle. Ratibor, t. Prussian Silesia, on the left bank of the Oder, which here becomes navigable, 87 m. S. E. Breslau. Pop. 3,500. Ratiborsicee, t. Bohemia, 46 m. S. by E. Prague. Pop. 800. Rntisbon, or Regensburg, an ancient city in the central part of Germany, long known as the place of meeting for the Diet of the empire. It is in Ba- varia, on the S. bank of the Danube, opposite the influx of the river Regen, from which its German name, Regeusburg, is derived. The majority of the inhabitants are Catholics. It was long the see ef an archbishop, but in 1817, was reduced to a bish- opric. 53 m. N. N. E. Munich, 127 S. VV . Prague. Lon. 12 3' 23" E. Lat. 49 0' 43" N. Pop. 22,000. Ratmansdorf, t. Austrian states, on the Save, 22 m. S. Clagenfurt. Ratoath, t. Ireland, in Meath co. 12 m. E. Trim. 12 N. VV. Dublm. Ralscha, strong fort, Austrian states, on an isl- and at the confluence of the Drino and the Save, 53 m. VV, Belgrade. Ratschach, t. Austrian states, in Carniola, on the Save, 30 m. E Laybach. Rattelsdorf, t. Bavarian states, at the confluence of the Ilz and the Maine, 9 m. N. Bamberg. Pop. 900. Rattenberg, t. Austrian states, in the Tyrol, 24 m. E. N. E. Innspruck. Pop. 800. Rattingen, t. Prussian province of Cleves-and- Berg, 4 m. N. E. Dusseldorf. Pop. 3,800. Rattolaw, s-p. Hind, in Gujerat. Lon. 72 15' E. Lat. 22 3 N. Rattones, r. on the E. coast of Florida, which falls into the sea S. of Cape Florida. Raltray Head, promontory, Scotland, in Aber- deenshire, 7 m. E. Kinnard's Head, 7 m. N. Peter- head. Lon. 1 44' W. Lat. 57 32' N. Ratzebur. t. Prussian states, in Pomerania, 53 m. S. by E. Coslin. Pop. 1,200. Ralzeburg, principality in the north of Germa- ny, belonging to the grand duke of Mecklenburg- Strelitz, and adjacent to the territory of Lubeck. Extent, 136 sq. miles. Pop. 1 1,000. Ratzeburg, t. Denmark, in the dutchy of Lauen- burg, on an island in a lake of the same name. 11 m. S. by E. Lubeck. Pop. 2,000. Ratzkeve, or Raitsmmarkt, t. Hungary, on the W. bank of the Danube, 17 m. S. W. Buda. Lon. 1858'E. Lat. 47 9' 30'' N. Rava, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria, on the Dan- ube, 38 m. W. Nicopolis, 45 E by S. Vidin. Pop. 2,000. Rava, t. A. Turkey, on the Euphrates, about midway between Kerkesieh and Anna. Raucourt, v. France, in Ardennes, 9 m. S. Se- dan. Pop. 1,400. Raudnits, t. Bohemia, on the Elbe, 23 m. N. N. W. Prague. Pop. 1,100. Ravello, t. Naples, 8 m. W. Salerno, 22 S. E. Naples. Pop. 1,700. It is a bishop's see. Raven, Point, the N. point at the entrance int Wexford haven, Ireland, 4 m. E. Wexford. Lon. s. Lat. 52"2.J' N. inn, n i ir legation or district in the east of Italy, in the States of the Church, containing a pop- ulat in of 124,000. Ravenna, a large and well known town, Italy. RAY iu the States of the Church, in a marshy district, near the mouth of the Montone. It once had a considerable port, but it is now filled up with mud, which has accumulated to such a degree, that the city is now three or four miles from the sea. It is the sea of an archbishop, and the resi- dence of a papal legate. 40 m. E. Bologna, 70 N. E. Florence. Lon? 12 10' E. Lat. 44 25' N. Pop. karenna, p-L and cap. Portage co. Ohio, on the Cuyahoga, 35 m. S. E. Cleveland, 140 N. E. Co- lumbus. Here is a woollen manufactory. Pop. 418. Lon. 81 13' W. Lat. 41 11' N. Ravensberg, a county of Prussian Westphalia, which now forms part of the government of Min- den. Area, 670 square miles. Pop. 90,000. Ravensburg, t. Wirtemberg, 21 m. E. N. E. Con- stance. Pop. 3,300. Ravenglass, t. England, in Cumberland, at the mouths of the Irt and the Esk, 24 m. S. Cocker- mouth. Ravenstein, t. Netherlands, in North Brabant, on the Maese, 4 m. N. W. Grave", 18 E. N. E. Bois le Due. Pop. 1,500. Ravenstondale, v. Eng. in Westmoreland, 5 m. S. S. W. Kirkby Stephen. Ravty, the Hydraotes of the Greeks, r. Hind. which rises in Cashmere, and running S. W. pas- ses Lahore, and joins the Indus, 20 m. below Moul- tan, after a course of 500 miles. Raviers, t. France, in Yonne, 12 m. S. E. Ton- nerre, 30 E. by S. Auxerre. Pop. 1,100. Rarilpandy, t. Hind, iu Punjab, about halfway between the Indus and the Jhylum or Hydaspes rivers. Lat. not ascertained. Ravitz, or Rauitsch, fortified t. Prussian Poland, near the confines of Silesia. Pop. 8,000 of whom 1,200 are Jews. 55 m. S. Posen. Ravjeshy, extensive and valuable district of Ben- gal, between 24 and 25 N. lat. intersected in its whole length by the Ganges. Raumo, or Rameac, s-p. Eu. Russia, in Finland, on the gulf of Bothnia, 53 m. N. by W. Abo. Lon. 21 27' 5'' E. Lat. 68 8' N. Pop. 1,700. Rauris, t Austria, 35 m. S. Salzburg. Pop. 1,700. Rauschenberg, t. Germany, in the electorate of Hesse, 8 m. N. N. E. Marburg, 38 S. S. W. Cassel. Pop. 1,200. Rawa, t. Poland, 40 m. S. W. Warsaw. Pop. 1,800. Rawaad, t. Hind, in Lahore. Lon. 72 12* E. Lat. 33' o N. Rawak, small isl. in the Pacific ocean, off the N. coast of Waygiou. Lon. 131 15' E. Lat. 3-N. Raicankrad, lake in the mountains of Thibet, which gives rise to the river Suttclege. Raway. See Rahway. Rewcliffe, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 3 m. E. by N. Snaith. Pop. 1,143. I'm, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 6 m. N. E. by N. Bradford. Pop. 1,450. Rawdon, t. Leinster co. Lower Canada, 34 m. N. Montreal. !, t. Nova Scotia, 40m. from Halifax. Rawson, t. Hasting 3 co. Upper Canada, W. of Kingston. Rawxonsville, t. Montgomery co. N. Y. Ray, Cape, the S. W. point of Newfoundland. Lon. 59 W. Lat. 47 32' N. Raybaugh, district, Hind, in Bejapore. Ray- baugh, the capital, is in Ion. 75 E. lat 16 46' If. R E A 637 Raymond, p-t. Cumberland co. Maine, 24 m. N. Portland. Pop. 1,396. Raymond, p-t. Rockingham co. N. H. 21 m. W. Portsmouth. Pop. 951. Rayne, or Rain, Old, t. Scotland, in Aberdeen- shire, 24 m. W. N. W. Aberdeen. Raynham, p-t. Bristol co. Mass, on Taunton river, 3 m. E. Taunton, 32 S. Boston. Pop. 1,071. Iron ore of excellent quality is found here, and bar iron, hollow ware, nails, &c. are manufactured. The first forge set up in America, was erected at this place in 1652, by James and Henry Leonard, natives of England. Raso, Cape. See Race, Cape. Razor Island, small isl. off the coast of Brazil, 12m. S. Rio Janeiro. Re, isl. near the W. coast of France, opposite La Rochelle, 12 miles long and 3 broad. Pop. 17,000. Lon. 1 33' W. Lat. 46 14' N. Rea, r. Eng. in Worcester and Staffordshires, which runs into the Tame, near Yarnton Hall. Reach, t. York co. Upper Canada, N. E. of York. Readjield, p-t. Kennebeck co. Maine, 7 m. W. Augusta. Pop. 1,513. Reading, borough, t. Eng. and cap. of Berk- shire, on the Kennet, at its junction with the Thames. It is advantageously situated for trade, and exports 20,000 sacks of flour annually to the metropolis. Pop. 12,000. 8 m. S. Henly-on- Thames, 39 W. London. Lon. 38 ' W. Lat. 51* 27 'N. Reading, t. Windsor co. Vt. 9 m. W. Windsor. Pop. 1,603. Reading, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. 12 m. N. Boston. Pop. including South Reading, 2,797. Large quantities of shoes are manufactured here. Reading, South, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 1 1 m. N. Boston. It was formed from part of Reading, iu 1812. Reading, p-t. Fairfield co. Ct. 60 m. S. W. Hart- ford. Pop. 1,678. Reading, p-t. Steuben co. N. Y. on the W. side of Seneca lake, 23 m. N. E. Bath. Pop. 3,009. Reading, t. Adams co. Pa. Pop. 833. Reading, p-t. and cap. Berks co. Pa. on the Schuylkill, 54 m. N. W. Philadelphia, 44 S. W. Bethlehem, 31 N. E. Lancaster, 54 E. Harrisburg. It is a flourishing town, regularly laid out, and in- habited chiefly by Germans ; and contains a court house, jail, an elegant church for German Luther- ans, a church for Calvinists, one for Roman Cath- olics, and 1 for friends. In the vicinity are several fine mill seats, and the town is famous for the man- ufacture of hats. Pop. 4,332. Reading, t. Butler co. Ohio. Reading, t. Fairfield co. Ohio. Reading, t. Hamilton co. Ohio, 10 m. N. Cin- cinnati. Reading, t. Perry co. Ohio, in which is Somer- set, the county seat. Pop. 1,821. Readington, or Riddenton, t. Hunterdon co. N. J. 17 m. i\. W. New Brunswick. Pop. 1,964. Readsborough, p-t. Clearfield co. Pa. Readyriile, p-t. Rutherford co. Ten. Reah, t. Syria, 36 m. S. S. W. Aleppo. Rtalejo, t. Guatimala, in Nicaragua, the port ef Leon, on a bay of the Pacific ocean, at the mouth of a river, both of the same name, 18 m. N. W. Le- on. Lon. 87 oO' W. Lat. 12'' 4,5' N. Realejo, small ;sl. in the Pacific ocean, near the coast of Popayan Lat. 4 16' N. Realmont, t. France, in Tarn, 12m. S. Albi, 14 N.Caatres. Pop. 2,300. 638 RED RealviUe, t. France, in Tarn-and-Garonne, on the Aveyron, 9 m. N. E. Moutauban. Pop. 2,500. Reamstown, p-v. Lancaster co. Pa. Reaume, fief, Devon co. Lower Canada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 53 m. N. E. Quebec. Rebais, t. France, in Seine-and Marne, 9 m. N. E. Coulommiers. Pop. 1,300. Recanati, (an. Recinetwri) t. Italy, in the Ec- olesiastical States, near the Musone, 4m. S. W. Loretto, 13 S. Ancona. Lon. 13 31 ' E. Lat. 43 25' N. Pop. 4,000. Recco, t. Sardinian States, on the sea coast, 10 m. E. S. E. Genoa. Pop. 2,000. Recey sur Ource, t. France, in Cote d'Or, 36 m. N. W. Dijon. Pop. 800. Reche, t. Eng. in Cambridgeshire, 5i m. W. by N. Newmarket. Rechecourt, t. France, in Meurthe, 12 m. S. W. Sarreburg, 20 N. E. Luneville. Pop. 1,000. Recherche Archipelago, islands, stretching about 126 miles along the S. coast of New Holland, be- tween 33 and 34 S. lat Rechnitz,t. Hungary, 7 m. S. S. W. Guntz. Pop. 2,200. Rechteren. See Speckfeld. Recife. See Pernambuco. Recinetum. See Recanati. Reckem, t. Netherlands, in Limburg, 8 m. N. Maestricht. Pop. 900. Reckenberg, t. Saxony, 23 m. S. W. Dresden, 17 S. S. E. Freyberg. Reckenitz, r. Germany, which forms the boun- dary between Mecklenburg and Pomerania, and at Damgard falls into a lake which communicates with the Baltic. Reckheim. See Reckem. Recklinghausen, t. Prussian states, on the Lippe, 29 m. S. W. Munster. Pop. 1,200. The county has an area of 264 square miles, with 27,000 in- habitants. Recoaro, v. Austrian Italy, 22 m. N. by W. Ve- rona. Recreation Island, isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 148 W. Lat. 16 S. Rectertown, p-v. Loudon co. Va. 30 m. S. Win- chester. Reculver, v. Eng. in Kent, 8 m. N. E. Canter- bury. Pop. 265. Red Bank, t. Armstrong co. Pa. Pop. 2,042. Red Bank) fort, Gloucester co. N. J. on the riv- er Delaware, 7 m. S. Philadelphia. Red Bank, p-v. Colleton district, S. C. Red Bay, bay, on the S. E. coast of Labrador. Lon. 56 10- W. Lat. 51 50' N. Red Bluff, p-v. Claiborne co. Mississippi. Red Cedar Lake. See Cassina Lake. Red Deer Lake, a lake of North America. Lon. 112 W. Lat. 55 10' N. Red Deer River, r. North America, which has its source in Etawwemah lake, and empties itself into the N. end of Little Winnipeg lake. On this river the North-West Fur company have a fort. Red Head, promontory of Scotland, in Angus- shire. Lon. 2 26' W. Lat. 56 33' N. Red Hook, p-v. in Rhinebeck, Dutchess co. N Y. on the Hudson, 47 m. S. Albany. Pop. 2,714. Red House, p-v. Caswell co. N. C. Red Island, isl. near the E. coast of Labrador. Lon. 55 50' W. Lat 43 45' N. Red Island, isl. near the W. coast of Newfound- land. Lon. 59 10' W. Lat. 48 35' N. Red Lake, lake, N. W. Territory, one of the RED sources of Red river. It is about 60 miles in Cir- cumference. Lon. 95 W. Lat. 48 N. Red Lion, hundred, Newcastle co. Del. Pop 929. Red Mountain, mt. in Centre harbor, N. H. at the N. W. end of Lake Winnipiseogee. Red Point, cape on the E. coast of New Hol- land. Lon. 150" 56' 7" E. Lat. 34 33' S. Red River, r. N. America, formed by two branches, which rise near the sources of the Mis- sissippi. The eastern branch issues from Red lake, and running west about 150 miles, receives the other branch from the south. The united stream then flows north more than 100 miles, and re- ceives the Assinniboin from the west, after which it runs N. E. about 70 miles, and falls into Lake Winnipeg at its southern extremity. At the point of land formed by the junction of the Assinniboin and Red river, in lat 49 40' N. and Ion. 98 W. is a trading establishment formed by Lord Sel- kirk, in 1812. It consists of about 300 families, Scotch and Germans, who can furnish 600 men capable of bearing arms. A fort has been erected and furnished with 20 cannon. There is another settlement of about 50 families, mostly of mixed blood, with two French Catholic priests on Red river, at the mouth of the Pembanon, within the limits of the U. States, about 15 miles south of the line. Red River, r. Canada, which runs into the Uta- was, 60 m. W. Montreal. Red River, r. which rises in Kentucky, and runs into the Cumberland, in Tennessee, a little below Clarksville, after a course of 50 miles. Red River, r. Ken. which runs W. and joins Kentucky river, 9 m. above Boonsborough. Red River, r. N. America, which enters the Mississippi from the W. in Ion. 91 45' W. lat. 31 5' N. From its mouth 30 miles to the entrance of Black or Wachita river, it is from 300 to 350 yards in width, and its banks are inundated during the wet season. Above Black river, its bed contracts, and the average width is 150 yards, to the rapids 72 miles. Thirty miles above the rapids, it di- vides into two channels, which meet again above Natchitoch.es, forming an island 60 miles long. It is navigable to the great raft about 500 miles. The settlements are upon the immediate banks of the river, the land capable of cultivation extend- ing but a little distance towards the interior, ter- minating in pools and cypress swamps. Of the sources of Red river we are still igno- rant. The Rio Raijo, a stream originating 30 or 40 miles E. of Santa Fe, was commonly supposed to be its principal branch, but the recent expedi- tion to the Rocky mountains under Major Long, has proved this opinion to be erroneous. A de- tachment of this expedition was to have descend- ed Red river, and finding a considerable stream in that region they followed it down, relying on the commonly received opinion, and also on the posi- tive assertion of Indians whom they met, that it was the river of which they were in quest. It led them however to the Arkansas, and proved to be Canadian river. By this mistake they ascertained that the Raijo of Humboldt is no other than a branch of the Canadian, and the sources of Red river, it is now supposed, must be looked for in the high plains considerably to the south. Red River, t. Pulaski co. Arkansas. Pop. 1 16. Red Rivet , Little, r. Arkansas Territory, which rises near the sources of Buffalo fork, and falls in- to White river 200 miles above its mouth. R E F Red Sea, an extensive gulf, dividing Arabia from Africa. It is 1,400 miles long, and extends from 12 to 30 N. lat. The navigation is very difficult and dangerous, being almost constantly obstructed by reefs and coral rocks. The harbours are also few in number. The principal are, Suez at its northern extremity ; Cosseir, Souakin, and Mas- suah, on the western shores ; and Yambo, the port of Medina, Comfodah, Mocha, Loheia, and Hodeida on the eastern or Arabian side. Red Shoal, p-v. Stokes co. N. C. Redburn, v. Eng. in Hertfordshire, 17 m. W. by N. Hertford. Pop. 1,333. Reddish, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 4i m. S. E. by S. Manchester. Pop. 532. Reddygoodum, t. Hind, in Circars. Lon. 80 41' E. Lat. 16 53'' N. Redes, r. S. America, which runs into the gulf of Darien, in Ion. 76 40' W. lat. 7 57' N. Redjield, p-t. Oswego co. N. Y. 35 m. N. Rome, 148 N. W. Albany. Pop. 336. Redford, East. See Retford. Redinha, t. Portugal, 15 m. "S. by E. Coimbra. Pop. 2,000. Rednits, r. Germany, which is joined by the Pegnitz, near Furth, and forms the Regnitz. See Regnits. Redon, t. France, in Ille-and-Vilaine, on the Vilaine, where it is joined by the Oust, and where it becomes navigable for vessels of considerable size. Pop. 4,000. Redon is an entrepot for the merchandize of Rennes. 33 m. E. Vannes, 40 S. W. Rennes. Lon. 2 5' W. Lat. 47 49' N. Redondesco, t. Austrian Italy, 12 m. W. Mantua, 21 E. by N. Cremona. Redondillo, or Redondela, t. Spain, in Galicia, on the bay of Vigos, 47 m. W. S. W. Orense, 20 N. Tuy. Pop. 1,200. Redondo, or O Redondo, t. Portugal, in Alente- jo, 14 m. E. N. E. Evora. Pop. 2,700. Redondo, rock between Montserat and Nevis, Caribbee islands. Lon. 61 35' W. Lat. 17 6' N. Redondo, cape, on the E. coast of S. America. Lat. 43 S. Redruth, t. Eng. in Cornwall, in the midst of rich tin and copper mines. 9 m. W. Truro. Lon. 5 11' W. Lat. 50 12' N. Pop. 5,903. Redstone, t. Fayette co. Pa. Pop. 1,207. Reedsborough, t. Bennington co. Vt. Pop. 530. Reedstown. See Strong. Reedy Island, isl. in the river Delaware, 3 miles long, but narrow, 50 miles below Philadelphia, 20 from Bombay Hook. There is a secure harbour at Port Penn, immediately opposite, on the Dela- ware shore, where piers have been erected by the State of Pennsylvania. The principal channel is on the E. side of the island. Reedy River. See Saluda. Reef Island, small isl. in the Eastern seas, 50 m. W. Sumatra. Lon. 101 3' E. Lat. 4 S. Reef Island, small isl. in the Eastern seas, near the N. coast of Celebes. Lon. 122 48' E. Lat. Reel Foot, r. Tennessee, which runs into the Mississippi, about 35 m. S. of the Ohio. Reejifiam, t. Eng. in Norfolk, on the river Eyre, llm. N. E. Dereham, 1 12 N. by E. London. Pop. Rees, t Prussian States, near the Rhine, 11 m. E. Cleves. Lon. 6 22' 34" E. Lat. 51 45' 55" N. Pop. 2,300. Refah, t Egypt, 18 m. N. F, El Arish. R E H 639 Rega, r. Germany, which forms the boundary between Brandenburg and Pomerania, and falls into the Baltic near Treptow. Regan, t. Kerman, in Persia, 89 m. E. Bumm. Regana, cape on the W. coast of Majorca. Lon. 2 42' E. Lat. 39 23' N. Regen, r. Germany, which unites with the Lit- tle Regen, and falls into the N. side of the Dan- ube, near Ratisbon. Regen, Circle of the, province, Bavaria, adja- cent to Bohemia. Area, 3,800 square miles. Pop. 358,000, of whom the great majority are Catho- lics. Ratisbon and Amberg are the principal towns. Regen, t. Bavaria, 49 m. E. by S. Ratisbon, 29 N. N. W. Passau. Pop. 1,000. Regensberg, t. Switz. 7 m. N. Zurich. Regenstaiif, t. Bavaria, 9 m. N. Ratisbon. Pop. 1,200. Regent's town, a town of liberated negroes in W. Africa, in the colony of Sierra Leone. It was set apart in 1813 for the reception of negroes, de- livered from slave ships by the English cruisers. In 1819, the number amounted to 1,177 from more than 20 different tribes, some of them barbarous to an astonishing degree. Under the instructions however of a missionary from the Church Mis- sionary Society, they have become civilized, in- dustrious, and orderly in their behaviour. A large stone church has been built, a congregation of 1,000 or 1,200 negroes from the town and neigh- borhood, is usually collected on the Sabbath, of which 250 are regular communicants. The schools contain upwards of 500 scholars, and the christian- ized negroes have formed a missionary society, and contributed to its funds in one year $133 from their scanty earnings. , Regenwalde, t. Prussia, in Pomerania, on the river Rega, 31 m. N. N. E. Stargard. Pop. 1,100. Reggio, Regium Julii, t. Naples, and cap. of Calabria Ultra, on the Faro di Messina, or strait which separates Sicily from the mainland. It is the see of an archbishop. 6 m. S. E. Messina in Sicily, 33 N. by W. Nicotera. Lon. 16 53' E. Lat. 38 6' N. Pop. 16,500. Reggio, (an. Regium Lepide,^ t. Italy, capital of a small dutchy of the same name belonging to the dutchy of Modena. It is on the river Tessone, and is surrounded with a rampart. It was the birth-place of Ariosto. 12 m. W. N. W. Modena, 15 S. E. Parma. Lon. 10 38' E. Lat. 44 41' N. Pop. 13,000. Reggiolo, t. Austrian Italy, 11 m. S. Mantua. Regis, t. Saxony, on the Pleiss, 18 m. S. Leipsic. RegnilSj r. Bavaria, which is formed by the confluence of the Rednitz and Pegnitz, at Furth, and falls into the Maine, below Bamberg. Regny, t. France, 12 m. S. E. Roanne. Pop. 1,450. Regya, r. Algiers, which falls into the Mediter- ranean, 16 m. E. Algiers. Rehau, t. Bavarian States, 9 m. E. S. E. Hoff. Pop. 1,100. Rehburg, t. Hanover, 21 m. W. by N. Hanover. Pop. 1,200. Rehda, t. Prussian States, 25 m. W. N. W. Pa- derborn. Pop. 1,200. Reher, district, Hind, in Delhi. Reher, for- merly the capital, is in Ion. 78 44' E. lat. 29 23' N. Rehna, t. Germany, in Mecklenburg- Schwerin. 18 m. E. by S. Lubeck. Pop. 1,500. 640 R E I REN Rehoboth, p-t. Bristol co. Mass, on the E. side of the Seekhonk, 15 m. W. Taunton, 37 S.W. Bos- ton. Pop. 2,740. Rehoboth, hundred, Sussex co. Delaware. Reichelsheim, t. Germany, 18 ra. N. E. Nassau. Pop. 800. Reichenau, isl. in the lake of Constance, belong- ing to Baden. Pop. 1,400. Reichenau, t. Saxony, in Upper Lusatia, 4 m. S. W. Camenz. Pop. 3,200. Reichenau, or Richnmc, t. Bohemia, 18 m. E. N. E. Konigingratz. Pop. 3,300. Reichenbach, one of the four governments into which Prussian Silesia was divided in 1815. Area, 2,500 square miles. Pop 470,000. Reichenbach, the chief town of the above gov- ernment, is 11 m. S. E. Schweidnitz, 30 S. W. Breslau. Lon. 16 36' E. Lat. 50 39' N. Pop. 3,300. Reichenbach, t. Saxony, 13 m. N. N. E. Plauen. Pop. 3,300. Reichenberg, t. Bohemia, on the Neisse. It is the largest and most thriving town of Bohemia, af- ter Prague. The value of the woollen, linen, and stockings, anaually made, is estimated at more than half a million sterling. 52 m. N. N. E. Prague. Pop. 12,000. Reichenhall, t. Bavaria, on the Sala, 65 m. E. S. E. Munich, 1 1 S. S. W. Salzburg. It has exten- sive salt-works. Reichenstein, t. Prussian States, 6 m. E. Glatz. Pop. 1,300. Reichenstein, Lower, t Bohemia, 3 m. W. S.W. Berg-Reichenstein. Reichenstein, Upper. See Berg-Reichenstein. Reirktnweyer, t. France, in Upper Rhine, 6 m. N. N. W. Colmar, 9 S. S. W. Schelestadt. Pop. 1,750. Reichshofen, t. France, in Lower Rhine, 27 m. N. Strasburg. Pop. 1,600. Reichstadt, t. Bohemia, 40 m. N. N. E. Prague. Pop. 1,200. Reichsthal, t. Prussian States, 34 m. E. Breslau. Pop. 1,000. Reid's store, p-v. Campbell co. Va. Reid^s store, p-v. Moore co. N. C. Reijfnitz, or Ribenza, t. Austrian States, in Car- niola, 4 m. N. W. Gottschee. Reigate. See Ryegate. Reignier, t. Sardinian States, 9 m. S. E. Geneva. Pop. 1,300. Reikianess, Cape, promontory on the S. coast of Iceland. Lon. 22 47' W. Lat. 63 55' N. Reillane, t. France, in Lower Alps, 14 m. E. Apt. Pop. 1,300. Reims. See Rheums. Rein, t. Prussian Lithuania, 12 m. S. S. E. Ras- tenburg. Pop. 1,300. Reinach, t. Switz 5 m. S. Bale. Reinerz, t. Prussian States, 12 m. W. Glatz. Pop. 1,600. Reinsberg, or Rhynesberg, t. Prussia, in Bran- denburg, 12 m. N. by E. New Ruppin, 45 N. N. W. Berlin. Pop. 1,700. Re'ismarkt, or Sserdahdy, t. Transylvania, 32 m. W. Hermanstadt. Reissen, or Rydzyn, t. Prussian Poland, 43 m. S. byE. Posen. Pop. 1,300. Reistertown, p-t. Baltimore co. Md. 15 m. N. VV. Baltimore. Reithy t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 10 m. W. by S. Richmond. Pop. 1,394. Reitti, t. Austrian states, in Tyrol, t> m. S. Fus- sen Bavaria. Rejoicing, r. Illinois, which runs into the Wa- bash between Fort Harrison and Tippecanoe. Reka, r. Austrian Illiria, which falls into the gulf of Quarnero, at Fiume. Rekek, small isl. in the Eastern seas. Lon. 128 40' E. Lat. 133'S. Rekham. See drrakan. Remalard, t. France, in Orne, 15 m. S. E. Mor- tagne. Pop. 1,700. Rembertston, p-t. Sumpter district, S. C. Remedios, city, New Granada, 89 m. N. W. Santa Fe. Lon. 75 10' W. Lat. 5 42' N. Remedios, Nuestra Senorade los, city, New Gra- nada, cap. of the province of the Rio del Hacha. 73 m. E. by N. Santa Martha, 104 N. W. Mara- caibo. Lon. 72 55' W. Lat. 1 1 30' N. Remich, t. Netherlands, on the Moselle, 12 m. E. by S. Luxemburg. Pop. 1,600. Remiremont, t. France, on the Moselle, 14m. S. E. Epinal. Pop. 4,000. Remissau, t. Saxony, on the Mulda, 2 m. N. N. E. Glauchau. Remney, or Rumney, r. Wales, which falls into the Severn a little below Cardiff. Remont, or Romont, t. Switz. 11 m. S. W. Fri- burg. Remoulins, t. France, in Gard, 13 m. N. E. Nimes. Pop. 800. Rems, r. Wirtemberg, which runs into the Neck- ar, 4 m. N. W. Waiblingen. Rems and Fils, one of the twelve departments of the kingdom of Wirtemberg. Area, 540 square miles. Pop. 126,000. Chief town, Goppingen. Remscheid, v. Prussian province of Cleves-and- Berg, in the government of Dusseldorf. The vil- lage is small, but the population of the environs exceeds 7,000. It is one of the chief manufactur- ing places in Westphalia, its hardware being well known throughout the north of Germany. 2 m. S. W. Lennep. Remstn, p-t. Oneida co. N. Y. on Black river, 35 m. N. Rome, 107 N. W. Albany. Pop. 912. Renaison, t. France, in Rhone-and-Loire, 6 m. W 7 . Roanne. Pop. 1,700. Renaix, or Ronse, t. Netherlands, in Flanders, 7 m. S. Oudenarde, 22 S. by W. Ghent. Pop. 10,000. Renapore, t. Hind, in Dowlatabad. Lon. 76 C 55' E. Lat. 1020'N. Renchen, t. Baden, 10 m. E. Strasburg, 4 N. W. Oberkirch. Pop. 2,000. Rendezvous, Island of, isl. in the Indian ocean, near the N. coast of Kerguelen's Land. Rendezvous Key, small isl. in the bay of Hondu- ras. Lon. 88 40' W. Lat. 16 59' N. Rendsburg, t. Denmark, 50 m. N. Hamburgh, on the Eyder, at its junction with the Kiel. Pop. 4,500. Its chief manufacture is of pottery. Renfrew, a county of Scotland, bounded E. by Lanarkshire, S. by Ayrshire, and on the remain- ing sides by the frith of Clyde. Extent, 241 sq. miles. Pop. 92,596. Renfrew, a royal burgh, Scotland, in Renfrew co. 6 m. W. Glasgow, 3 N. Paisley. Pop. 1,500. Reninghe, t. Netherlands, in West Flanders, 8 m. N. by W. Ypres. Pop. 2,000. Renkum, t. Netherlands, in Gelderland, 8 m. W. Arnheim. Pop. 1,100. Rennes, t. France, cap. of the Ille and Vilaine, is situated in an extensive plain, at the confluence fth RES R E U 641 ese two rivers. It has a small university, an academy, college royal, a school of medicine and surgery, and a drawing school. The manufac- tures consist of sailcloth, blankets, hats, thread, stockings, gloves, hardware, all of which are ex- ported. 80 m. N. Nantes, 220 W. Paris. Lon. 1 36' W. Lat. 48 7' N. Pop. 25,904. Reno, r. Italy, in the States of the Church, which fells into the Po, opposite to Ferrara. Rensselaer, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Washing- ton co. E. by Vermont and Massachusetts, S. by Columbia co. and W. by the Hudson. Pop. 40,153. Engaged in agriculture 7,382, in com- merce 534, in manufactures 2,314. Chief towns, Troy and Lansingburgh. Rensselaer, v. in Berlin, Rensselaer co. N. Y. An extensive manufactory of window glass was established here in 1805, 12 m. E. Albany. Rensselaerville, p-t. Albany co. N. Y. 24 m. S. W. Albany. Pop. 3,435. Renteria, t. Spain, in Guipuscoa, 3 m. E. S. E. St. Sebastian. Renty, t. France, in Pas-de-Calais, on the Aa, 14m. S. W. St. Omer's. Renwez, t France, in Ardennes, 8 m. S. by E. Rocroy. Pop. 1,200. Reny, t. Eu. Turkey, in Moldavia, near the confluence of the Pruth and the Danube, 35 m. W.S.W. Ismail. Reolk, t. France, on the right bank of the Ga- ronne, 34 m. S. E. Bourdeaux. Pop. 3,800. Reounseik, t. Birman empire, on the W. bank of the Irrawuddy river. Lon. 95 25' E. Lat. 17 45' N. Reparo, small isl. near the coast of Brazil. Lat. 29 23' S. Reposo, small isl. near the coast of Brazil. Lat. 1936'S. Reppen, t. Prussia, in Brandenburg, 10 m. E. Frankfort on the Oder. Pop. 2,300. Reps, or Kohalom-Szek, district, Transylvania. Area, 210 square miles. Pop. 26,000. Reps, or Kohalom,the chief place, is 16 m. N. Fogaras. Repton, v. Eng. in Derbyshire, 4m. N. E. Bur- ton on Trent. Pop. 1,648. Repulse Bay, bay on the N. W. coast of Ameri- ca. Lon. 85 W. Lat. 66 40' N. Repulse Bay, bay on the N. E. coast of New Holland. Lon. 148 33 W. Lat. 20 36' S. Requerui, t. Spain, in Cuenca, 41 m. W. by N. Valencia. Pop. 6,000. Requisat, t. France, in Aveyron, 20 m. W. by N. St. Afrique, 24 S. Rhodez. Pop. 3,000. Rtshd, t. Persia, capital of Ghilan, on the Cas- pian. Lon. 49 5(X E. Lat. 37 20' N. Resina, t. Italy, built partly on the site of the ancient Herculaneum, 5 m. E. Naples. Pop. 7,800. Resolution Island, one of the Society Islands, about 4 miles long. Lon. 141 39' W. Lat. 17 24' S. Resolution Island, isl. in the Atlantic ocean, 60 miles in circumference, on the N. side of the en- trance into Hudson's straits. Lon. 65 W. Lat. 61 40' N. Resoulabad, t. Hind, in Agra. Lon. 79 47' E. La 1.26 38' N. Resouvenir, La, t. Demerara, 8 m. from George- town. Retsund, t. Sweden, in Jamtland, 22 m. S. E. Ostersund. Restoration, small isl. off the E. coast of New Holland. Lat. 12 3^ S. 81 Restoration, Cove, bay on the N. W. coast of America, in Burke's canal. Lon. 127 40' VV. Lat. 52 1' N. Retford, or Redford, East, borough, Eng. in Nottingham co. on the Idle, 30 m. N. Nottingham, 144 N. by W. London. Lon. 56' W. Lat. 53 18'N. Pop. 2,030. Rethel, or Retel Mazarin, t. France, in Arden- nes, on the Aisne, 24 m. N. E. llheims. Lon. 4 27' E. Lat. 49 50' N. Pop. 4,900. Rethem, t. Germany, in Hanover, on the river Aller, 32 m. N. N. W. Hanover. Pop. 1,000. Retiers,t. France, in Ille-and-Vilaine, 20 m. S. W. Vitre, 21 S. E. Rennes. Pop. 3,000. Retimo, or Rhetzmo, s-p. Turkey, in the island of Candia, on the N. coast, about 40 m. W. of the town of Candia. Lon. 24 21' E. Lat. 35 20' N. Pop. 6,000. Relorbio, t. Sardinian States, 17 m. S. W. Pa- via. Retpoorah, t. Hind, in Berar. Lon. 78 21' E. Lat. 21 19' N. Retreat, Point, point of land in Lynn's canal, on the N. W. coast of America. Lon. 225 12' E. Lat. 58 24' N. Retteg, t. Transylvania, 35 m. N. by E. Clau- senburg. Rettenbach, v. Bavaria, 4 m. E. Ottobeuren. Pop. 1,000. Rettinghery, t. India, in Mysore. Lon. 77 4' E. Lat. 145'N. Retusari. isl. of the gulf of Finland, on the S. E. extremity of which the town of Cronstadt is built. Rets, t. Bavaria, 26 m. N. N. E. Ratisbon. Pop. 900. Rets, Reels, or Reckau, t. Prussia, in Branden- burg, 59 m. N. N. E. Custrin. Pop. 1,400. Rets, or Roets, t. Austrian States, on the Theya, 44 m. N. N. Vienna. Pop. 2,200. Retzat, circle, Bavaria, to the N. of the Dan- ube. Area, 3,400 square miles. Pop. 520,000, partly Catholics, but more Lutherans. The cap- ital is Anspach, but the largest town, Nuremberg. Retzstatt, t. Bavaria, 5 m. S. S. E. Carlstadt. Pop. 900. Revel, or Kolyvan, the capital of Esthonia, in Russia, is on a small bay of the gulf of Finland. It has an excellent harbour, well secured against all winds, and well defended by fortifications. The exports consist of corn, timber, hemp, and spirit- uous liquors from the interior. The imports are salt, sugar, coffee, and British manufactures. 200 m. W. St. Petersburgh, 180 W. by N. Riga. Lon. 24 39' E. Lat. 59 26' N. Pop. 13,000. Revel, t. France, in Upper Garonne, 30 m. S. E. Toulouse. Pop. 3,800. Revello, t. Piedmont, 9 m. N. W. Saluzzo. Pop. 5,000. Revere, t. Austrian Italy, in the Milanese, on the Po, 15 m. E. S. E. Mantua. Pop. 3,200. Revigny aux Caches, t. France, in Meuse, on the Ornain, 9 m. N. W. Bar sur Ornain. Pop. 1,700. Revilla Gigedo, Island of, isl. on the W. coast of N. America, 50 miles long, and 25 broad. Lon. 130 27' to 131 15' W. Lat. 55 6' to 55" 55' N. Reuilly, t. France, in Indre, 12 m. N. E. Issou- dun, 20 W. Bourges. Pop. 1,700. Revin, t. France, in Ardennes, on the Meuse, 6 m. N. by E. Rocroy. Pop. 1,800. Reus, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 6 miles from the sea. It carries on a brisk trade, and has manu- 642 R H E tactures of silk, cotton, leather, hats, as well as of brandy and liquors. 8 m. W. Tarragona. Pop. 20,000. Rews, a principality of the interior of Germa- ny, divided into two parts, Reuss-Greitz, and Reuss-Lobenstein, belonging to different branches of the family of Reuss. They contain together 600 square miles. The religion is Lutheran. Reiis-Greits borders on the Prussian territories, and contains only 154 square miles, and 22,255 in- habitants, with a revenue of 13,000 sterling. Greitz or Graitz is the chief town. Reuss Loben stein borders on the Bavarian territories, and con- tains 446 square miles, 52,205 inhabitants, and a revenue of 29,000 sterling. The principal town is Gera. Reuss, r. Switz. which rises in Mount St. Go- thard, passes by Lucerne, and falls into the Aar, near Bruck. Reutlingen, t. Germany, in Wirtemberg, on the Echetz, 19 m. S.by E. Stutgard. Pop. 8,300. Revucra, t. Hungary, 13 m. N. Neusohl. Pop. 1,300. Rewah, t. Hind, in Allahabad. Lon. 81 25' E. Lat 2427'N. Rewary, t. Hind in Delhi. Lon. 76 42' E. Lat. 28 13 7 N. Rey. See Rae. Rey, one of the Pearl Islands, in the bay of Pa- nama, 20 miles long and 10 or 11 wide. Lon. 79 46' W. Lat. 8 N. Reyde, fort, Netherlands, in Groningen, at the entrance of the Dollart, opposite Embden, 7 m. E. S. E. Delfzyl. Reyes, city of New Granada, 72 m. S. Santa Martha. Lon. 73 50' W. Lat. 10 6' N. Reyes, city of the Caraccas, in Venezuela, 40 m. S. S. W. Caraccas. Lon. 67 19' W. Lat. 9 57' N. Reyes, small isl. near the coast of Patagonia, at the entrance of Port Desire. Lat. 47 50' S. Reynoldsburg, p-t. and cap. Humphreys co. Ten. Reynosa, t. Spain, in Old Castile, 35 m. N. W. Friars. Pop. 1,500. Reys, Point, or Cape de los Reys, promontory on the N. W. coast of America. Lon. 237 24' E. Lat. 38 36' N. Rezat. See Retzat. Rezbach, t. Bavarian States, on the Maine, 8m. N. Wurzburg. Pop. 1,000. Rhayader, or Rhayadergwy, t. Wales, in Radnor co. 18 in. N. W. Radnor. Pop. 446. Rhea, co. East Tennessee, on the W. side of' the river Tennessee. Pop. 4,215. Slaves 334. Engaged in agriculture 937, in commerce 13. Chief town, Washington. Rheden, or Rtieeden, t. Netherlands, in Gelder- land, 5 m. W. Doesburg, 6 E. N. E. Arnheim. Pop. 3,400. Rheenen, or Rhenen, t. Netherlands, in Utrecht, near the Rhine, 14 m. W. Arnheim, 22 S. E. Utrecht. Pop. 2,200. Rhegium. See Reggio. Rhedil, or Rheyd,L Prussian province of Cleves- and-Berg,2 m. E. Gladbach. Pop. 3,600. Rheimt, or Reims, derived from Remi, city in the N. E. of France, in Marne, on the small river Vesle. It is surrounded with a ditch and earthen mound, but the remaining fortifications of the city were levelled in 1812. The cathedral is a vast Gothic edifice of the 12th century, and one of the finest specimens of that kind of architecture in R H I France. A university, founded here in 1547, ft now replaced by a Royal college. The arch- bishop of this ancient city is the primate of the kingdom. The chief manufactures are of cottons and woollens ; also of hats and stockings. 26 m. N. N. W. Chalons sur Marne, 100 E. by N. Paris. Lon. 4 6' E. Lat. 49 1 6' N. Pop. 38,000. Rheinau, t. Switz. in Thurgau, 5 m. S. S. W. Schaffhausen. Pop. 800. Rhtina-Wolbeck, a small principality of Ger- many, subject since 1815, to Prussia and Hano- ver. It lies along the W. side of the Ems, and has an area of 256 square miles, with 10,000 in- habitants. Rheinbach, or Rhynbach, t. Prussian province of Cleves-and-Berg, 20 m. S. Cologne. Pop. 1,200. Rheinbergen, t. Prussian States, in Cleves, 8 m. S. Wesel. Pop. 1,700. Rhein-Bischoffsheim. See Bischoffsheim. Rheineck, t. Switz. in St. Gall, on the Rhine, 8 m. S. W. Bregnetz, 24 E. S. E. Constance. Rheinfelden, t. Switz. on the Rhine, 9 m. E. Bale. Pop. 1,200. Rheinfds, or Rhinfels, fort, Prussian grand clutchy of the Lower Rhine, on an island in the Lower Rhine, at St. Goar, between Coblentz and Bacharach. Rheingau, or Rhingau, district of Germany, in thedutchy of Nassau, on the N.bank of the Rhine, about 12 miles long and 4 broad. Rheinau, t. France, in Lower Rhine, 5 m. S. Strasburg. Pop. 1,200. Rheinthal, i. e. the Valley of the Rhine, a dis- trict of the Swiss canton of St. Gall, lying along the Rhine, from the lake of Constance to the lord- ship of Sax. It is 16 miles long, and 4 broad. Rheinsabern, t. France, in the Lower Rhine, 8 m. S. E. Landau, 15 N. E. Weissenberg. Pop. J,000. Rhense, or Rees, t. Prussian States, on the Rhine, 5 m. S. Coblentz. Pop. 1,000. Rhieneck, principality of the Bavarian States. Area, 24 square miles. Pop. 2,000. Rhine, the greatest river in Europe, after the Danube and the Wolga, rises in Switzerland, on the N. E. side of Mount St. Gothard. Flowing ta the east, it passes the Grison town of Coire or Chur, when it becomes navigable, and then hold* a northern course to the lake of Constance. Issu- ing from the lake with a copious current, the Rhine flows to the west, and receives the Aar, the Reuss, and the Limmat, whose united stream brings the tributary waters of the west and centre of Switzerland. At Bale, it takes a northern di- rection, and receives several rivers, of which the chief are the Neckar and Maine on the side of Germany, and the Moselle on that of France. Con- tinuing its course to the N. it enters the kingdom of the Netherlands, and turning to the W. divides into two great branches, of which the southern takes the name of Waal, receives the Maese, be- comes like an arm of the sea, and flows into the German ocean by Dort, Rotterdam, and William- stadt. The northern, or less considerable branch, is farther divided, first above, and afterwards be- low Arnheim ; and the name of Rhine is finally retainr-d by a small slow flowing water, which passes Utrecht and Leyden in its way to the sea, or rather to the sands near Catwyk. From its source to Mentz, this great river is called the Up- per Rhine, and from Mentz to Holland, the Lower Rhine. Its length is about 700 miles, and it is nar- liable wit R H O R H O 643 ble with a few interruptions, from Coire in the Grisons, to the German ocean. Of late, (182U,) steam boats have been employed in the navigation of the river. Rhine, Circle of, a province subject to Bavaria, at a considerable distance from the rest of that monarchy, being situated W. of the Rhine, be- tween Weisemberg on the S. and Worms on the N. Its form is compact. Area, 1,800 square miles. Pop. 308,000, of whom the majority are Catholics. It contains mines of iron, quicksilver, coal, and extensive pastures. The chief towns are Landau, and Deux Fonts. Rhine, a province of the grand dutchy of Hesse, situated N. of the Bavarian circle of the Rhine. Area, 1,000 square miles. Pop. 155,000. Rhine, Confederation of, a short lived associa- tion, entered into by several German princes, in 1806, by which they separated themselves from the empire, and formed a new political compact, under the protection of France. The original parties to this league were Bavaria, Wirtem- burg, Baden, Berg, Hesse-Darmstadt, Nassau and some smaller states. To these were afterwards ad- ded Saxony, Westphalia, Mecklenburg, and all the lesser princes of the west and north of Germany. Rhine, Lower, province of the Prussian States, composed of territories taken in 1814, from France and the grand dutchy of Berg, and assigned to Prussia by the congress of Vienna. It is bounded N. by the Prussian province of Cleves and Berg, E. by Nassau and Hesse Darmstadt, S. by France, and W. by Netherlands. It lies on both sides of the Rhine, between 49 20' and 51 8' N. lat. hav- ing an area of 5,700 sq. miles, and 950,000 inhabi- tants. Rhine, Circle of the Lower, formerly one of the ten circles of the German empire, now divided among the states of Baden, Bavaria, Hesse-Darm- stadt, Nassau, Prussia, and Hanover. RJiine, Circle of the Upper, formerly a circle of the German empire, now divided among Bavaria, Hesse-Cassel, Hesse-Darmstadt, and other states. Rhine, Lower, (Bas Rhin,) department in the E. of France, lying between the Rhine and the Vosges mountains. Area, 1,900 square miles. Pop. nearly 440,000. Rhine, Upper, (Haul Rhin,} department in the E. of France, lying directly S. of the department of Lower Rhine. Extent, 1,700 square miles. Pop. 320,000, all of whom are of German de- scent. Rhinebeck, p-t. Dutchessco. N. Y.on the Hud- son, 18 m. N. Poughkeepsie, 67 S. Albany. Pop. 2,729. It contains 3 churches for Dutch Reform- ed and a Methodist church. In this town is the village of Redhook. There are 4 landings on the river in Rhinebeck. Here is a remarkable cav- ern. Rho, t. Austrian Italy, 8 m. W. Milan. Rtiode Island, one of the U. States, bounded N. and E. by Massachusetts : S. by the Atlantic, and W. by Connecticut. It is 49 miles long from N. to S. and on its northern boundary, 29 broad, and contains 1,580 square miles. Lon. 71 6' to 71 52' W. Lat. 41 17' to 42 N. Pop. in 1790, 68,825 ; in 1800, 69,122 ; in 1810, 76,931 ; in 1820,83,059, or 52 for each square mile. Engaged in agricul- ture 12,559, in commerce 1,162, in manufactures 6,091. The northern part of the State is hilly, and has a thin and barren soil ; the rest of the state is chiefly level. The islands and the country bor- dering on Narraganset bay are very fertile, and celebrated for their fine cattle, and numerous flocks of sheep. Common schools are not supported by law in Rhode-Island, as in the other New-England States. Academies, however, are established in all the principal towns, and private schools are main- tained during the winter months in almost every part of the State. The Baptists are much the most numerous religious denomination. The number of Baptist congregations is 57 ; of Friends, 18; Congregationalists, 11 ; Episcopalians, 5 ; Mora- vians, 1 ; Jews, 1. The Legislature consists of a senate of 10,mem- bers, and a house of representatives of 72 mem- bers. The governor, lieutenant-governor, and: senators are chosen annually ; the representatives, twice a year, in April and August. In no State in the Union is so large a proportion of the population and capital employed in manu- facturing ?s in Rhode-Island. The principal arti- cle is cotton goods, which are manufactured in large quantities in Providence and the vicinity. There are now more than 90 cotton mills in the State, many of which are extensive establishments. The other manufactures are of woollen goods, iron, ardent spirits, &c. The value of the manufac- tures in 1810, was $4,106,074. The exports in 1820, amounted to $'1,072,762, of which nearly one half was foreign produce. The amount of shipping in 1819, was 39,044 tons. The amount of duties on foreign merchandize in 1815, was $233,024. There were in 1819, 33 banks in this State ; 7 at Providence, 5 at Newport, 5 at Bristol, 3 at Smithfield, 2 at Westerly, and 1 each at War- ren, Pawtucket, Pawtuxet, Cranston, Gloucester, Burrilville, Scitua'te, Coventry, Greenwich,Wick- ford, and South-Kingston. Rhode Island, isl. from which the above State takes its name, is in Narraganset bay. It is 15 miles long, and on an average 3i broad, contain- ing about 50 square miles. Its climate is delight- ful. The summers are remarkably pleasant, and the winters milder than on the continent. It is a noted resort for invalids from southern climates. Travellers have called it the Eden of America. Rhode River, r. N. Carolina, which runs into the N. W. branch of Cape Fear river. Rhodes, an extensive island of the Mediterrane- an, near the coast of Asia Minor. In ancient times, it was one of the most celebrated of the states of Greece, and distinguished above all oth- ers by its wealth, commerce, and naval power. After the death of Alexander, it appeared in its full glory, and not only dazzled the world by its magnificence, but became illustrious by its war- like exploits. This celebrated island is now re- duced by the oppression of the Porte, and the ar- bitrary exactions of its governors, to a state of the most wretched poverty. The climate is delight- ful, and the soil fertile and well watered, but ihe oppression of the pacha, and the insecurity of property, have rendered these gifts of nature of no avail, and though it might become the granary of the neighbouring islands, it is now obliged to im- port a considerable proportion of the grain which it consumes. The population is estimated by Sa- vary at 7,300 families, of whom 4,700 are Turks, 2,500 Greeks, and 100 Jews, in all about 36,500 souls ; but Turner, a more recent traveller redu- ces the number to 20,000. Rhodes, a city, and capital of the island of the same name, presents few vestiges of its ancient 644 R I B grandeur. Statues, colossi, and paintings, have ail been destroyed or removed. There are no re- mains of its magnificent temples and spacious por- ticos. The inhabitants consist of 5,000 Turks, and 1,000 Jews, no Greeks being allowed to set- tle in the city. One half of the houses in the city are in ruins, and one half of those in the suburbs uninhabited. Rhodes has two good harbours, separated only by a mole. The two extremities are defended by towers, distant 800 feet from each other ; while in the centre of the mole there is a square tower, 120 feet high. Lon. 28 12* 15'' E. Lat.3626'N. Rhodez, or Rodes, t. France, cap. of Aveyron, 32 m. N. N. E. Alby, 70 N. E. Toulouse. Lon. 2 34' E. Lat. 44 21' N. Pop. 6,500. Rhodina. See Contessa, Gulf of. Rhodosto. See Rodosto. Rhoe, Mickle, one of the Shetland isles, on the S. of the mainland. It is 24 miles in circumfer- ence. Rhone, a great river which rises in the centre of Switzerland, only 5 miles from the source of the Rhine, and flowing west, rolls its turbid waters in- to the transparent lake of Geneva. Issuing from that lake, the Rhone flows S. forming the bounda- ry between France and Savoy, after which it turns to the west and north, until reaching Lyons, where it is joined by the Saone. It then turns to the south, and discharges itself, by three mouths, into the part of the Mediterranean called the gulf of Lyons, after an entire course of 500 miles. The navigation down its stream takes place with great ease ; but the upward navigation can be perform- ed only by draught or steam. Rhone, department in the S. E. of France, bounded by the departments of the Saone-and- Loire, the Ain, the Isere, and the Loire. Extent, 1,050 square miles. Pop. 330,000. Lyons is the capital. Rfwne, Months of the, (B ouches du Rhone,*) a de- partment in the S. E. of France, bounded by the Mediterranean and the departments of the Gard, Vaucluse, and Var. Extent, about 2,000 square miles. Pop. 293,000. Marseilles is the capital. Rhotas, district, Hind, in Bahar. Rhotas, the capital, is on the W. side of the Jhylum or Hy- daspes river. Lon. 72 55' E. Lat. 31 55' N. Rhotas, or Rotasgur, fort, Hind, in Bahar, on the top of a table mountain, on the N. side of the Soane. Lon. 83 58' E. Lat. 24 38' N. Rhuddlan, v. Wales, in Flintshire, in the vale of Cl wyd. Its castle was once a place of great strength. 3 m. from Dissert. Pop. 831. Rhuden. See Rulhen. Riaca, or Riasa, r. Spain, which runs into the Douro, at Roa. Rians, t. France, in Var, 24 m. N.W.Brignolles, 36 N. W. Toulon. Pop. 3,200. Riao, isl. in the Eastern seas, 25 miles in cir- cumference. Lon. 128 2' E. Lat. 2 25' N. Riazan, government, Eu. Russia, lying S. of Vladimir, and E. of Moscow, extending from lat. 53 40' to 55 N. Area, above 13,000 square miles. Pop. about 1,000,000. Riazan, the capital of the above government, is on the Oka, 123 m. S. S. E. Moscow. It is the see of a Greek bishop. Pop. 5,000. Lon. 39 8' E. Lat 54 38' 6" N. Ribrt, t Spain, in Leon, on the Tonnes, 6 m. E. S. E. Salamanca. Riba de Sella, s-p. Spain, in Asturia, on the coast of the Atlantic, 40 m. E. N. E. Oviedo. R I C Ribadavia, t. Spain, in Galicia, on the Minhg, 45 m. S. S. E. Santiago. Pop. 2,400. Ribadeo, t. Spain, in Galicia, 18 m. N. E. Mon- donedo. Pop. 2,000. Ribble, r. Eng. which falls into the Irish sea be- low Preston. Ribchester, v. Eng. in Lancashire, 5i m. N. N. W. Blackburn. Pop. 2,762. Ribe, Ripen, or Rypen, t. Denmark, on the W. coast of Jutland, 80 in. S. Wiborg, 120 N. Ham- burgh. Lon. 8 46' E. Lat. 55 21' N. Pop. 2,600. Ribeauviller, or Rappohweiler, t. France, in Upper Rhine, 7 m. S. W. Schelestadt, 9 N. by W. Colmar. Pop. 4,700. Ribeira Grande. See St. Jago. Ribeira Grande, t. on St. Michael's island, one of the Azores. It has some linen manufactures. Pop. about 3,000. Ribemont, t. France, in Aisne, 9 m. S. E. St. Quenlin, 21 N. W. Laon. Pop. 2,400. Ribenza. See Reijfnitz. Riberac, t. France, in Dordogne, 20 m. W. by N. Perigueux. Pop. 3,000. Ribiers, t. France, in Upper Alps, 4 m. N. W. Sisteron. Pop. 1,300. Ribnik,t. Prussian States, 13 m. E. Ratibor, 21 N. Teschen. Pop. 1,400. Ribnik, t. Eu. Turkey, in Walachia, 100 m. S. Jassay, 112 W. Ismael. Lon. 27 4' E. Lat. 45 36' N. Ribnik, t. Eu. Turkey, in Walachia, on the Alu- ta, 44m. S. Hermanstadt, 180 S. W. Jassy. Lon. 24 8' E. Lat. 45 19' N. Ribnitz, t. Germany, in Mecklenburg-Schwerin, on a bay of the Baltic, 12 m. N. E. Rostock. Pop. 1,900. Ribton, v. Eng. in Cumberland, 4 m. E. Work- ington, on the opposite side of the Derwent. Rica, Villa, city of Chili, 66 m. from the Pacif- ic ocean, 66 N. E. Valdivia. Lon. 72 8' W. Lat. 39 9' S. Riccia, t. Naples, in Molise, 15 m. E. Bojano. Pop. 4,300. Rice, Lake, lake of Canada, 6 m. N. Lake Onta- rio, with a portage between them. Riceborough, p-t. and cap. Liberty co. Georgia, on Newport river, which is navigable for sloops to this place. 32 m. S. Savannah. Riceys, Les, t. France, in Aube, 8 m.S. Bar-sur- Seine, 26 S. E. Troyes. Pop. 4,000. Richard'' s creek, r. Indiana, which enters the Wabash on the N. side, 160 m. above Vincennes. Richborough, v. Eng. in Kent, the famous Ru- lupium of the Romans. The ruins of its castle af- ford a more perfect specimen of Roman architec- ture than exists any where else in Britain. 2 m. N. N. W. Sandwich. Richelieu, t. France, in Indre-and-Loire, 35 m. S. W. Tours. Pop. 3,200. Richelieu, co. Lower Canada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence. Richelieu Islands, islands in the river St. Law- rence, at the S. W. entrance of Lake St. Peter, nearly 100 in number. Lon. 71 7' W. Lat. 42 52' N. Richelieu river. See Sorel. Richenburg, t Bohemia, 10 m. S. E. Chrudim. Richenricr. See Richenweyer. Richfield, p-t. Otsego co. N.Y. 13m. N. W. Cooperstown, 72 W. Albany. Pop 1,772. Richjield, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, on Grand river, 5 m. S. W. Jefferson. Pop. 193. R I C Richfield, t. Medina co. Ohio. Pop. 357. Rickford, t. Franklin co.Vt. on Missisque river, 44 m. N. E. Burlington. Pop. 440. Richhill, t. Green co. Pa. Pop. 687. Richhill, t. Muskingum co. Ohio, 12 m. S. E. Zanesville. Pop. 706. Richland, p-t. Oswego co. N. Y. on Lake Onta- rio, 55 m. N. W. Utica. Pop. 2,728. It contains the village of Pulaski. Richland, t. Bucks co. Pa. Pop. 1,385. Richland, t. Venango co. Pa. Pop. 1,031. Richland, district, in the central part of S. C. Pop. 12,321. Slaves 7,627. Engaged in agri- culture 4,064, in commerce 48, in manufactures 266. Chief town, Columbia. Richland, r. Tennessee, which joins Elk river, after a course of 70 miles. It is navigable 12 miles to Pulaski. Richtand, p-v. Giles co. Ten. Richland, co. in the N. part of Ohio. Pop. 9,169. Engaged in agriculture 1,935, in com- merce 7, in manufactures *274. Chief town, Mansfield. Richland, t. Belmontco. Ohio. Pop. 2,738. In this town is St. Clairsville, the county seat. Richland, t. Clinton co. Ohio, 7 m. E.Wilming- ton. Pop. 1,066. Richland, t. Coshocton co. Ohio. Pop. 139. Richland, t. Darke co. Ohio. Pop. 225. Richland, t. Fairfield co. Ohio, 10m. N. E. Lan- caster. Pop. 1,071. Richland, t. Guernsey co. Ohio, 9 m. S. E. Cam- bridge. Pop. 860. Richland, t. Jackson co. Ohio. Pop. 182. Richlieu, or Chambly. See Sorel River. Richman's Island, small isl. on the coast of Maine, 3 m. N. Portland. Richmond, v. Eng. in Surry, on the S. bank of the Thames, remarkable for the beauty of its scenery, and for being the seat of a royal palace during several centuries. It has an observatory, and the rich scenery of Richmond and its vicinity has attracted a number of families of distinction, whose seats render the village and neighborhood remarkably gay and splendid. 9 m. W. S. W. London. Pop. 5,219. Richmond, borough t. Eng. in the West Riding of Yorkshire, on a lofty eminence, on the N. bank of the Swale. The town is on the N. declivity of the hill, and the castle crowns the summit. The chief trade is corn and lead. 40 m. N. W. York. Lon. 1 45' W. Lat. 54 24' N. Pop. 3,056. Richmond, t. Upper Canada, on Lake Ontario, W. of Kingston. Richmond, t. Gaspe co. Lower Canada, on Cha- leur bay. Richmond, p-t. Chittenden co. Vt. on Onion riv- er, 13 m. S. E. Burlington. Pop. 1,014. Richmond, p-t. Cheshire co. N. H. 40 m. S. W. Concord. Pop. 1,391. Richmond, p-t. Berks co. Mass. 7 m. W. Lenox, 130 W. Boston. Pop. 923. Richmond, p-t. Washington co. Rhode Island, 30 m. S. Providence. Pop. 1,423. Richmond, co. N. Y. comprises Staten Island. Pop. 6, 135. Engaged in agriculture 480, in com- merce 209, in manufactures 294. Chief town, Southfield. Richmond, formerly Honeoy, t. Ontario co, N.Y. 16 m. S. W. Canandaigua, 232 W. Albany. Pop. 4} / UO. Richmond, v. in Southfield, N. Y. in which are R I C 645 the county buildings. It contains a court-house and jail, and 2 churches. 12 m. S. New York. Richmond, ^-i. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 1,136. Richmond, co. Va. bounded N. by Westmore- land co. N. E. by Westmoreland and Northum- berland cos. S. E. by Lancaster co. and S. W. by Rappahannock. Pop. 5,706. Slaves 2,664. En- gaged in agriculture 1,737, in commerce 13, in manufactures 171. At the court-house is a post- office. Richmond, the metropolis of Virginia, is in Hen- rico co. on the N. side of James river, immediate- ly below the falls, and directly opposite Manches- ter, with which it is connected by two bridges. The situation is healthy, as well as highly pictur- esque and beautiful. A part of the city is built on the margin of the river ; the rest upon Shoc- koe hill, which overlooks the lower part of the city, and commands an extensive and delightful prospect of the river and adjacent country. Richmond is finely situated for a commercial and manufacturing city, being at the head of tide water, and having an extensive back country, abounding with tobacco, wheat, and coal. The James river company have rendered the river navigable for batteaux for 220 miles above the city. The canal around the Great Falls com- mences 4 miles above the city, and the whole de- scent to the basin on Shockoe hill is 43 feet. The basin is within the city, covering a space of sev- eral acres, and around it are coal yards, lumber houses, and landing places for the produce brought down the river. The descent from the basin to tide water is about 80 feet, and is effected by 13 locks. The cost and expenses of the canal to the end of the year 1815, have been estimated at $374,290 ; the tolls received, up to the same peri- od, |390,060 ; and the dividends, $ 150,000. On the canal are numerous mill-seats. In 1816, there were brought down the canal 14,562 hogsheads of tobacco, 178,846 bushels of wheat, 85,655 bar- rels of flour, and 800,000 bushels of coal. The value of the produce exported from Richmond and Manchester is about $8,000,000 annually. The amount of shipping belonging to this port in 1816, was 9,943 tons. James river is navi- gable for vessels of 250 tons to Warwick, and for those of 125 to Rockets, a mile below Rich- mond. Richmond contains a state-house or capitol, a house for the governor, a spacious and elegant court-house, a jail, alms-house, state-prison, ar- mory, 2 market-houses, a museum and academy of fine arts, Lancasterian school, female orphan asylum, 3 banks, including a branch of the U. S, bank, 2 insurance companies, 4 tobacco ware- houses, 8 houses of public worship, 2 for Episco- palians, 2 for Methodists, and 1 each for Presbyte- rians, Baptists, Friends, and Jews ; and 1,400 pri- vate houses, 800 of brick, many of them elegant, and 600 of wood. Among the manufacturing es- tablishments are a glass house, sugar refinery, iron foundery, rolling and slitting mill, nail manufac- tory, and cotton mill. The state-house or capitol is built in a com- manding situation on Shockoe hill. The design was taken from La Maison Quare"e at Nimes, but the execution falls greatly short of the original. In the centre of a spacious hall, in the middle of the building, stands a marble statue of Washing- ton, executed in Paris. The Virginia Armory is erected on the south side of the canal, about a 646 R I D quarter of a mile above the basiu. Here are manufactured annually upwards of 4,000 stand of muskets, 300 rifles, and 1,000 swords and pistols. In the cannon factory have been cast upwards of 350 cannon. The state prison is of brick, in a high and healthy situation, and cost the state $135,402. The whole number of prisoners re- ceived into it from April 1800 ,to December 1816, was 721, of whom 179 were blacks. The monu- mental church is an interesting edifice, built on the ruins of the theatre which was consumed by fire on the night of the 26th of December, 1811, during the rehearsal of a play, at which about 600 persons were present, of whom 66 white persons, and 6 people of color lost their lives ; among the former were George William Smith, Esq. the gov- ernor of the state, and many others of the first respectability. The growth of Richmond has been remarkably rapid. In 1783, the population was less than two thousand; in 1800,5,739 ; in 1810,9,735; and in 1820, 12,067. It is 150 miles from the mouth of the river, 114 W. N. W. Norfolk, 22 N. Peters- burg, 123 S. S. W. Washington citv. Lat. 37 30' N. Lon. 77 31' W. Richmond, co. in the S. part of N. Carolina. Pop. 7,537. Slaves 2,021. Engaged in agricul- ture 2,578, in commerce 15, in manufactures 91. Rockingham is the chief town. At the court-house is a post-office. Richmond, co. Georgia. Pop. 8,608. Slaves 4,831. Engaged in agriculture 1,649, in com- merce 529, in manufactures 241. Augusta is the chief town. Richmond, p-t. and cap. Madison county, Ken. Pop. in 1810,366. Richmond, p-t. Rossco. Ohio. Pop. 249. Richmond, p-t. Jefferson co. Ohio, 10 m. N. W. Steubenville. Richmond, t. Howard co. Missouri. Richmond shire, district, Eng. in Yorkshire, of which Richmond is the capital. Richienberg, t. Prussia, in Pomerania, 10 m. S. W. Stralsund. Pop. 800. Richtenschweil, t. Switz. on the S. side of the lake of Zurich, 1 1 m. S . Zurich. Pop. 2,400. Richwood,t. Washington co. Missouri. Richmansworth, t. Eng. in Hertford co. 18 m. N. W.London. Pop. 3,230. Ricla, t. Spain, in Arragon, on the Xalon, 30 m. W. S. W. Saragossa. Ridderkirk, v. Netherlands, in South Holland, 6 m.S. E. Rotterdam. Pop. 2,600. Ride, v. Eng. in the Isle of Wight, opposite to Portsmouth, 9 m. N. E. Newport. Rideau River, r. Canada, which runs into the Ottawas river. It has a perpendicular fall of 40 feet. Ridge, p-v. St. Mary's co. Md. Ridge, p-v. Edgefield district, S. C. Ridgeburg, p-t. Orange co. N. Y. Ridgebury, t. Bradford co. Pa. Pop. 210. Ridgefield, p-t. Fairfield co. Ct. 10 m. 3. W. Danbury, 55 N. E. New York. Pop. 2,301. Ridgefield, t. Huron co. Ohio. Pop. 335. Ridge road. See New York, State of. Ridgeville, p-t. Warren co. Ohio, 7 m. N. Leba- non. Ridgeville, p-t. Cuyahoga co. Ohio. Pop. 295. Ridgeway, p-t. Genesee co. N. Y. on the Erie canal. Pop. 1,496. Ridley, t. Delaware co. Pa. Pop. 893. R I G Riebeck's Casteel, division of the district of Dra- kenstein, in the Cape of Good Hope, 60 m. E. Cape Town. Ried, or Riedl, t. Austria, 18 m. E. Braunau, 18 m. S. Passau. Pop. 3,000. Riedesel, small principality of Germany, in the srand dutchy of Hesse. Area. 70 sq. miles. Pop. 9,200. Riedlingen, t Wirtemberg, on the Danube, 28 m. W. S. W. Ulm, 44 S. S. E. Stutgard. Pop. 1,500. Riegel, t. Baden, 14 m. N. N. W. Freyburg. Pop. 1,700. Riehen, t. Switz. on the Rhine, 3 m. E. Bale. Riela, t. Spain, in Arragon, 14 m. N. E. Cala- tayud. Riesa, t. Saxony, on the Elbe, 24 m. N. W. Dresden. Pop. 1,100. Riesenburg, or Prabudka, t. West Prussia, 12 m. E. Marienwerder. Pop. 2,400. Riesengebirge, i. e. the Giant's Mountains, com- prehends that part of the great Sudetic chain which begins on the borders of Lusatia, and sep- arates Bohemia and Moravia from Silesia. Rietberg. See Rittberg. Rieti, t. Italy, in the States of the Church, on the Velino, 25 m. S. S. E. Spoleto, 37 N. N. E. Rome. Pop. 6,500. It is the see of a bishop. A battle was fought here on the 7th of March 1821, between the Austrians and Neapolitans, in which the latter were defeated. Rieti, district of the States of the Church, N.E. Rome. Pop. 66,000. Rieumes, t. France, in Upper Garonne, 23 m. 8. W.Toulouse. Pop. 1,100. Rieupeiroux, t. France, in Aveyron, 12 m. E. by S. Villefranche. Pop. 1,800. Rieux, t. France, in Upper Garonne, 28 m. S. by W. Toulouse. Pop. 1,700. Rieux, t. France, in Morbihan, on the Vilaine. Pop. 2,200. Riexingen, Upper, t. Wirtemberg, on the Enz, 12 m. N. N. W. Stutgard. Pop. 1,000. Riez, t. France, in Lower Alps, 23 m. S. by W. Digne, 40 N. E. Aix. Pop. 2,900. Riga, Government of. See Livonia. Riga, city, Eu. Russia, and cap. of Livonia, is in a large plain on the Dwina or Duna, about nine miles from the sea. It was, in a commercial sense, the second city of Russia, until the rapid increase of Odessa. Its port is both spacious and safe. Without being a regular fortress, Riga has considerable strength, having a citadel, and being surrounded with an earthen mound and moat. The entrance of the river is guarded by the for- tress of Dunamunde. The export trade is chiefly managed by English and Scotch houses ; the prin- cipal articles are timber, flax, hemp, and corn. The average number of vessels arriving yearly at Riga is between 700 and 800 ; the computed val- ue of the exports a million sterling, of which ful- ly the half are sent to England and Scotland. The imports are groceries of all kinds, printed cottons, woollens, silks, and wine ; also bay salt and fish. 285 m. W. S. W. St. Petersburg, 235 S. S. E. Stockholm. Lon. 24 7' E. Lat. 56 57' N. Pop. 36,000. Riga, Gulf of, bay of the Baltic, between the coasts of Courland, Livonia, and Esthonia. It is sometimes called the gulf of Livonia. Riga, p-t. Monroe co. N. Y. on the W. side of Genesee river, 20 m. E. Batavia. Pop. 3,139. R I N Rigaud, seignory, Yorkco. Lower Canada, on the S?side of Otta was river, 35 m. W. Montreal. Rigby, bay on the N. shore of Barrow s strait. Rignac, t. France, in Aveyron, 14 m. W. by N. Rhodez. Pop. 2,000. Rignac, t. France, in Charente, 3 m. E. Barbe- sieux. Pop. 1,200. Rionano,t. Naples, in the Capitanata, 18 m. W. N. W. Manfredonia. Pop. 2,000. Rigny le Feron, t. France, in Aube, 24 m. S.W. Troyes. Pop. 1,000. Riga, small isl. near the N. W. part of the isl- and of Porto Rico, in the West Indies. Rigolets, a channel or strait between the States of Louisiana and Mississippi, which connects Lake Ponchartrain with Lake Borgne. Pearl river falls into it. Rigolets debondieu, r. Louisiana, which branch- es off from Red river near Natchitoches, and re- ceiving; the waters of Saline lake and Black lake, unites again with Red river 25 miles above Alex- andria. Ril, t. Darfour, in Central Africa, 60 m. S. S. E. Cobbe. Riley, t. Oxford co. Maine, 30m. N. W. Paris. Riley, t. Butler co. Ohio, 10 m. W. Hamilton. Pop. 1,451. Riley, Cape, cape on the N. shore of Barrow's strait. Lon. 91 45' W. Lat. 74 42' N. Rimac, r. Peru, which flows into the sea in lat. 12 2' S. Rimachwna, lake of Quito, 19 miles long from N. to S. and 6 wide. It empties itself, on the west side, into the river Pastaza, in lat. 4 11' S. Rima-Szecs, t. Hungary, 17 m. S. Gomer. Lon. 20 14' E. Lat. 48 18' N. Rima-Ssombaih, or Gross-Sleffelsdorf, t. Hunga- ry, 14 m. E. S. E. Altsohl on the Rima. Lon. 20 2- 17" E. Lat. 48 23' 16" N. Pop. 3,000. Rimatura isl. of the Pacific, which has recently followed the example of Rurutu, an island 40 m. distant, in renouncing idolatry. Rimington, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 14^ m. W. S. W. Skipton. Pop. 596. Rimini, t. Italy, in the Ecclesiastical States, on the Marecchia, near its influx into the Adriatic. It had formerly a good harbour ; but the sea has now retired to the distance of a mile and a half; It is the see of a bishop. 28 m. S. S. E. Ravenna, 50 N. W. Ancona, 150 N. Rome. Lon. 12 32' E. Lat. 44 3' N. Pop. 8,000. Rimnik. See Ribnik. Rimont, t. France, in Arriege, 7 m. N. E. St. Girons, 18 W. Foix. Pop. 1,800. Rimouski, seignory, Cornwallis co. Lower Can- ada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence. Rimpar, t. Bavarian States, 4 m. W. Wurzburg. Pop. 1,000. Rincadrolean Point, cape on the W. coast of Ireland. Lon. 10 1? W. Lat. 52 44' N. Rindge, or Ringe, p-t. Cheshire co. N. H. 39 m. S.W. Concord, 55 N.W. Boston. Pop. 1,298. King Island, small isl. opposite Newburyport, Mass. Ringkioping, or Rinkopmg, t. Denmark, in N. Jutland, on a bay of the same name which sets up from the German ocean in a N. direction 35 miles. 52 m. N. by W. Ripen, 45 S. W. Wiborz. Lon. 8 18'E. Lat. 56 6' N. Ringlcben, t. Germany, belonging to Saxe- Weimar, 6 m. N. Erfurt, 26 E. N. E. Eisenach. Lon. ll'iTE. Lat. 51 6' N. R I P 647 Ringo^s Town, p-v. Hunterdon co. N. J. 15 m. N. W. Princeton. Ringsheim, v. Baden, 2 m. W. by S. Ettenheim. Pop. 1,100. Ringstedt,i. Denmark, in the island of Zealand, 30 m. S. W. Copenhagen. Pop. 700. iRingicood, t. Eng. in Hampshire, on the Avon, 30m. S. W. Winchester, 91 S.W. London. Lon. 1 48' W. Lat. 50 50' N. Pop. 3,269. Rinteln, t. Germany, on the Weser, 30 m. W. S. W. Hanover, 10 S. E. Minden. Pop. 2,700. Rintimpore. See Rantamporc. Rinviel Point, cape, Ireland, on the W. coast of Galway co. Lon. 9 P 58' E. Lat. 53 36' N. Rio Bamba, t. New Grenada, cap. of an inten- dancy of the same name at the foot of Chimbera- zo. Pop. 20,000. Lon. 78 46' W. Lat. 1 41' 46" S. Rio Grande, r. Zanguebar, in E. Africa, which falls into the Indian sea, in Ion. 41 30' E. lat. 2" 5'S. Rio Grande. See Grande, Rio. Rio Grande, province, Brazil, bounded by the capitania of St. Paul's on the N., Matto Grosso on the W., and the Spanish territories on the S. The climate is very fine, and the soil so productive, that this district may be called the granary of Brazil. The wheat grown here is shipped to all the ports on the coast. The other exports are beef, tallow, and hides, to a great amount. Rio Grande, the capital of the above province, is at the mouth of a river of the same name, in lat. 32 S. It is well defended, and carries on an ex- tensive trade in the productions of the province. Rio de Ouro, r. of the Sahara, in W. Africa, which falls into the Atlantic, in Ion. 16 W. lat. 23 33' N. Rio das Pedras, r. W. Africa, which falls into the Atlantic, in lat. 9 10' N. Rio del Rey, r. W. Africa, which falls into the gulf of Benin, in about Ion. 8 5' E. lat. 4 30' N. Riom, t. France, in Puy de Dome, 50 m. S. by W. Moulins. Lon. 3 6' E. Lat. 45 51' N. Pop. 13,500. Rions, t. France, in Gironde, 17m. S. E.-Bour- deaux. Pop. 1,500. Riopar, t. Spain, in La Mancha, 17 m. S. by W. Alcaraz. Pop. 4,600. Riou'.s Island, or Rooahooga, isl. in the Pacific ocean, 24 miles in circumference. Lon. 130 9' W. Lat. 8 54' S. Ripa Limosani, t. Naples, 9 m. E. Molise. Pop. 3,100. Ripa Transone, t. Italy, in the States of the Church, 12 m. N. E. Ascoli. It is the see of a bishop. Ripen, or Ribe, province, Denmark, in Jut- land. Sq. miles 3,326. Pop. 100,000. Ripen, town. See Ribe. Ripley, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, on the river Nyd, 4 m. N. W. Knaresborough, 211 N. by W. Lon- don. Ripley, t. Eng. in Derbyshire, 3 m. S. S. W. Alfreton. Pop. 1,439. Ripley, p-t. Somerset co. Maine. Pop. 325. Ripley, p-t. Chatauque co. N. Y. on Lake Erie, W. of Maysville. Pop. 1,111. Ripley, p-t. and cap. Brown co. Ohio, on Ohio river, 46 m. S. E. Cincinnati. Pop. 421. Ripley, co. Indiana. Pop. 1,822. Engaged in agriculture 509, in manufactures 21. At the court- house is a post-office. 648 R I V Ripley, t. Bond co. Illinois, on Shoal creek, 20 m. E. Edwardsville, 10 W. Perryville. Ripoli, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 52 m. N. by E. Barcelona, 15 N. Vique. Pop. 2,400. Ripon, or Rippon, t. and borough, Eng. in the West Riding of Yorkshire, near the confluence of the Ure and Skell. It was once celebrated for its manufacture of spurs. A navigable canal comes near to the town, which communicates with York, Hull, &c. 23 m. N. W. York. Lon. 1 31' W. Lat. 54 8' N. Pop. 3,633. Ripton, Addison co. Vt E. of Middlebury. Pop. 42. Ripton, p-v. in Huntington, Ct. Rirouat Filaieti. See Croatia. Ris, t. France, in Puy-de-Dome, 9 m. N. Thiers. Pop. 1,400. Risano, t. Austrian Dalmatia, at the bottom of the gulf of Cattaro, 8 m. N. Cattaro. Pop. 1,800. Risborough Monks, t. Eng. in Buckingham co. 7 m. S. Aylesbury. Pop. 899. Riscle, t. France, in Gers, on the Adour, 35 m. W. Auch. Pop. 1,200. Rishton, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 4 m. N. E. by E. Blackburn. Pop. 1,084. Rishworth, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, l miles from Halifax. Pop. 1,211. Rising Sun, p-t. Cecil co. Md. Rising Sun, p-t. Dearborn co. Indiana, on the Ohio, 15 m. below the mouth of the Miami, 18m. below Lawrenceburg, 18 above Vevay. The vil- lage is pleasantly situated, and contains 40 or 50 houses. Ristigouche, seignory, Gaspe co. Lower Cana- da, at the head of Chaleur bay. Rtstigouche, r. New-Brunswick, which sepa- rates that province from Lower Canada, and falls into Chaleur bay. One of its branches rises with- in two miles of a water of the St. John, and an- other issues from a lake which also sends forth a tributary to the St. Lawrence. The Ristigouche is important for its salmon fishery. Ritlburg, small principality of the Prussian States, on the Ems. Area, 65 square miles. Pop. about 12,000. Rittberg, or Rietberg, the chief town, is on the Ems, 38 m. S. S. W. Minden, 9 N. by E. Lippestadt. .Pop. 1,400. Ritienfiouse, p-v. Lancaster co. Pa. Ritztbuttel, the chief place of a bailiwick, be- longing to the city of Hamburgh, 54 m. W. IS. W. Hamburgh, 1 S. Cuxhaven. Pop. 1,500. Rita, t. Austrian Italy, on the lake of Como, 6 m. S. Chiavenna. Rim, or Reiff, t. Austrian States, in Tyrol, 17 m. S.W.Trent. Pop. 3,100. Rivo di Chieri, t. Sardinian States, 10 m. E. by S. Turin. Pop. 2,300. Riralba, t. Piedmont, 10 m. N. N. E. Turin. Pop. 1,000. Rivalta, t. Austrian Italy, at the influx of the Mincio into the lake of Mantua, 5 m. W. Mantua. Pop. 1,500. Rivanna, r. Va. which runs into the N. side of James river, at Columbia. It is navigable 22 miles for boats. Rivara, t. Piedmont, 14 m. W. by N. Chivasso. Pop. 1,200. Rivarolo,t. Piedmont, 18m. N. N. E.Turin. Pop. 5,200. Riudorm, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 11 m. W. by N. Tarragona. Pop, 2,400. Rive de Gier, t. France, in Loire, 12 m. N. E. St. Etienne, 22 S. S. W. Lyons. Pop. 4,300. R O A Rivei de Lassemals, t. France, in Aude, 9 m. W. N. W. Quillan. Pop. 1,000. RivellO) t. Naples, in Basilicata, 10 m. E. by S. Policastro. Pop. 5,400. River, Haute, t. Sardinian States, near Cham- berry. Pop. 5,000. Riverhead, v. Eng. in Kent, m. from Seven Oaks. Riverhead, p-t. New-London co. Ct. Riverhead, p-t. and cap. Suffolk co. N.Y. on the N. side of Long Island, 90 m. C. New York. It contains a court-house, 4 churches, 3 for Congre- gationalists and 1 for Presbyterians, and 4 parish- es. Pop. 1,907. Rives, t. France, in Isere, 8 m. N. W. Grenoble. Pop. 1,400. Rivesaltes, t. France, in Eastern Pyrenees, 6 m. N.by W. Perpignan, Pop. 1,800 Riviere des Huron, r. Lower Canada, which falls into the Sorel at Fort Chambly. Riviere du Loup, seignory, St. Maurice co. Lower Canada, on Lake St. Peter, 22 m. W. Three Rivers. Riviere Ouelle, seignory, Cornwallis co. Lower Canada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 77 m. N. E. Quebec. Riviere des Prairies, r. Lower Canada, which divides the island of Montreal from Isle Jesus ; after which it joins the St. Lawrence. Rivington, v. Eng. in Lancashire, 5 m. from Bolton. Rivoli, t. Italy, in Piedmont, 9 m. W. Turin. Pop. 5,100. Rivoli, small t. Lombardy, on the Adige, 12 m. N. W. Verona. Rixievitte, p-v. Culpeper co. Va. Rixhooft, the most Northerly point of Prussian Pomerania, with a light house. Rixton, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 5 m. E. by N. Warrington. Pop. 886. Rizeh, t. A. Turkey, on the Black sea, 45 m. E. by N. Trebisond. Rizzuto, Cape, promontory, Naples, on the coast of Calabria. Lon. 17 25' E. Lat. 38 57' N. Rjask, t. Eu. Russia, 70 m. S. S. E. Riazan. Pop. 900. Ro, or Rho, t. Austrian Italy, 7 m. N. W. Mi- lan. Roa, t. Spain, in Burgos, on the N. side of the Douro. 25 m. N. Segovia. Pop. 2,500. Roan, small is>l. in the Eastern seas. Lon. 125* 3'E. Lat. 2 19' N. Roane, co. Tennessee, on the Tennessee river, at the junction of the Clinch and Holston. Pop. 7,895. Slaves 814. Engaged in agriculture 2,036, in commerce 16. Chief town, Kingston. Roan's Creek, p-v. Carter co. Tennessee. Roanne, t. France, on the Loire, 40 m. N. \V. Lyons. It is an entrepot for goods sent from the E. and S. E. of France, to Orleans, Nantes, Paris, &c. 30 m. N. Mont Brison. Lon. 4 4' E. Lat. 46 2 'N. Pop. 7,000. Roanoke, Little, r. Va. which runs into the Staunton, 15 miles above the junction of the Dan. Roanoke, isl. near the coast of N. Carolina, at the entrance into Albermarle sound. The N. point of the island is 7 m. W. of Roanoke inlet. Roanoke Inlet, channel on the coast of N. Car- olina, which leads into Albermarle sound. Lon. 76* . W. Lat. 35 56' N. ROB twanoke, r. formed by the Staunton and Dan, the former of which rises in the Allegheny moun- tains in Virginia, on the west side of the Blue Rid^e, and the latter on the borders of N. Caroli- na and Virginia. After their union near the south- ern boundary of Virginia, the river assumes the name of Roanoke, and flowing S. E. falls into the head of Albermarle sound. Its navigation is unob- structed to Halifax, near the foot of the Great Falls, 75 m by land from the mouth of the river, for ves- sels of 45 tons burden. At the Great Falls the river descends 100 feet in a distance of 12 m. ; but a canal is now completed around these falls to Rock land- ing, which opens thenavigation forbatteaux asfar as the junction of the Dan and the Staunton. The Dan has been made navigable to Danville, and the Staunton is navigable for some distance for boats of 5 tons. The lands on the Roanoke are among the most productive in the United States. Its pro- ducts annually for exportation may be estimated at $2,500,000, and when the full effect of the im- provements in its navigation is realized, will probably exceed $5,000,000. At present a great portion of the produce is carried to Norfolk through the Dismal Swamp canal, but efforts are now mak- ing by the North Carolinians to secure this trade to some port within the limits of their own state. Roaring River, r. Tennessee, which runs into the Cumberland, 12m. below the mouth of Obed's river. Roaring Water, r. Ireland, which runs into Roaring Water bay, 5 m. W. S. Skibbereen. Roaring Water Bay, bay on the S. coast of Ire- land. Lon. 9 22' W. Lat. 51 28' N. Roalun. See Ruatan. Robaree, rocks near the S. coast of Ireland, 3 m. S. E . Galley Head. Lon. 8 50' W. Lat. 51 31' N. Robben Island, or Seal Island, isl. of Africa, near the Cape of Good Hope, at the entrance into False bay, 6 miles in circumference. Lon. 18 20' E. Lat. 33 40' S. Robbinston, p-t Washington co. Maine, at the confluence of the river St. Croix with Passama- quoddy bay, opposite St. Andrews, N. B. The principal settlement is in an elevated and pleas- ant situation, to the S. of which is a fine expanse of water 25 miles long and 12 wide. Robbinston was incorporated in 1785. It contains 2 churches, 1 for Congregationnlists and 1 for Methodists, is a place of considerable trade, and carries on ship building to some extent. Pop. 434. 15 m. N. N. W. Eastport. Robbxtown, p-t. Westmoreland co. Pa. Robe, r. Ireland, which runs into Lough Corrib, 12 m. W. Ballingrobe. Robecq, v. France, in Pas-de-Calais, 4 m.S. W. St. Vincent. Pop. 2,300. Robel, t. Germany, in Mecklenburg-Strelitz, 20 m. W. Strelitz, 28 W. S. W. New Brandenburg. Pop. 1,800. Robert Bay, bay in the island of Martinique. It i- unarly two leagues deep, and is formed by two points : on the E., La Rosa, and on the W., Los Galeones. Robert's Island, small isl. in the Florida stream. Lon. 8133'\V. Lat. 24 42' N. Robert's Isles, 2 large islands in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 219 47' E. Lat. 7 53' S. Robert's Store, p-v. Halifax co. Va. Robertson, co. West Tennessee, on the N. side of Cumberland river. Pop. 9,938. Slaves 2,520. Engaged in agriculture 2,785, in commerce 10, in manufactures 157. Chief town, Springfield. 82 ROC 649 Robertson, t. Allegany co. Pa. Pop. in 1810, 899. Robertmlle, p-v. Beaufort district, S. C. Robeson, t. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 2,065. Robeson, co. in the S. part of N. Carolina. Pop 8,204. Slaves 2,099. Engaged in agriculture 1,955, in commerce 10, in manufactures 74. Lumber- ton is the chief town. Robillante, t. Piedmont, 8 m. S. Coni. Robinal, settlement, Mexico, 40 m. S. S. W. Vera Paz. Pop. 800. Robinhood's Bay, v. Eng. in Yorkshire, 6 m. S. E. Whitby. Robin's Island, small isl. N. Y. at the E. end of Long Island, belonging to Southold. Robinson, t. Alleghany co. Pa. Pop. 1,392. Robinson, t. Washington co. Pa. Pop. 925. Robinson's Island, small isl. in the Florida stream. Lon. 81 35' W. Lat. 24 43' N. Robion, r. France, in I?ere, which falls into the Rhone, near Montmelian. Robledo, t. Spain, in New Castile, 33 m. S. by E. Ciudad Real, 57 N. by E. Jaen. Pop. 6,400. Robles, r. New Granada, which unites with the Honda and enters the Cauca, in lat. 2 34' N. Roca, archipelago of small islands on the coast of Venezuela, in New Granada, about 23 miles from E. to W. and 10 from N. to S. Lon. 66" 45' W. Lat. 1155'N. Roca de Ilheos, small isl. on the coast of Vene- zuela. Lat. 11 51' N. Roca Partido, small isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 128 W. Lat. 16 35' N. Rocab, s-p. Hadramaut, in Arabia, on the Indian ocean, 30 m. S. S. W. Sahar. Rocamadour, t. France, in Lot, 22 m. N. Ca- hors. Pop. 1,100. Rocca, t. Austrian Italy, on the Lago Maggiore, 30m. N.W.Milan. Rocca, Cabo da, cape, Portugal, in Estremadu- ra, the most westerly point of land in Europe. It is often called the rock of Lisbon. Lon. 9 29' 21" W. Lat. 38 46' 6'' N. Rocco de JYYe/o, t. Naples, in Calabria, 40 m. W. by S. Cosenza. Rocco Ramola, t. Naples, in the Terra di Lavo- ro, 3 m. N. by E. Nola. Rocca S. Casciano, t. Tuscany, 6 m. S. S. W. Florence. Rocca Secca, t. Naples, in Terra di Lavoro, 7 m. S. S. E. Arpino. Pop. 2,500. Roccabruna, t. Piedmont, 3m. E. N. E. Monaco. Pop. 1,700. Roccar.ontrada, t. Italy, in the Ecclesiastical states, 24 m E. S. E. Urbino. Roccella, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, near the sea, 6 m. N. by W. Mileto, 45 N. N. E. Reggio. Rocchetta, t. Sardinian states, 10 m. S. E. Cham- berry. Roch, t. Eng. in Worcestershire, 4i m. S. W. byS. Bewdly. Pop. 835. Roch, Cape, cape on the E. coast of Majorca. Lon. 3 5' E. Lat. 39 40' N. Rorha, t. Buenos Ayres, 35 m. N. E. Maldona- do. Lon. 54" 12' W. Lat. 34 22' S. Rochdale, t. Eng. in Lancaster co. on the Roche, at the foot of the Blackstone-Edge hills. It has long been distinguished for trade and manufac- tures. The chief articles are baizes,' flannels, ker- seys, coatings, and broad cloths. 1 1 m. N. by E. Manchester, 194 N. N. W. London. Lon. 2 10' W. Lat. 53 37' N. Pop. of the parish, 29,085 ; of the town, 10,823. 650 ROC Roche, La, t. Netherlands, in Liege, on the Ourthe, 33 m. S. Liege. Pop. 1 ,400. Roche, t. Switz. in Vaud, 40 m. E. by N. Gene- va, 3 N. N. W. Aigle. Roche, t. Savoy, 12 m. S. by E. Geneva. Pop. 2,300. Roche. See Rocky River. Roche FAbeille, t. France, in Upper Vienne, 17 m. S. Limoges. Pop. 900. Roche-Bernard, t. France, in Morbihan, on the Vilaine, 25 m. S. E. Vannes, 45 N. W. Nantes. Pop. 1,300. Roche en Breme, t. France, in Cote d'Or, 6 m. N. W. Saulieu. Pop. 1,700. Roche-Chalais, t. France, in Dordogne, 34 m. W. Perigueux. Pop. 1,000. Roche-Chouart, t. France, in Upper Vienne, 22m. W. Limoges, 34 N. E. Angouleme. Pop. 1,500. Roche-Derrien, t. France, in Cotes-du-Nord, 9 m. E. Lannioii. Pop. 800. Roche- Guyon, t. France, on the Seine, 8m. N. by W. Mantes. Pop. 1,000. Roche Millay, t. France, in Nievre, 12 m. S. E, Moulins. Pop. 1,500. Roche Perce, t. Howard co. Missouri. Roche Pert, r. Missouri, which runs into the Missouri, in Howard county. Roche en Regnier, t. France, in Upper Loire, llm. N. W. Ysseageaux, 14 N. Le Puy. Pop. 1,500. Roche sur Gon. See Bourbon Vendee. Rochefort, t. France, in Lower Charente, on the Charente, 5 miles from its influx into the Atlantic. It contains an arsenal, cannon foundery, and ex- tensive magazines of naval stores. The harbour, being one of the great naval stations of the king- dom, is protected by five forts. It is formed by the Charente, is secure, and capable from its depth of admitting vessels of great size. The docks are very complete. 20 m. S. E. La Ro- chelle, 100 N. Bourdeaux. Lon. 57' W. Lat. 45 56' N. Pop. 15,000. Rochefort, t. France, in Puy-de-Dome, 18m. S. W. Clermont. Pop. 1,400. Rochefort, t. France, in Maine-and-Loire, 9 m. S. W. Angers. Pop. 2,400. Rochefort en Ardennes. See Roche La. Rochefort Samson, v. France, in Drome, 12 m. E. N. E. Valence. Pop. 1,000. Rochefaucault, t. France, in Charente, 20 m. N. E. Angouleme, 58 S. Poitiers. Pop. 2,400. Rochelle, La, t. France, cap. of Lower Cha- rente, is on a plain at the bottom of a small gulf of the Atlantic. Its fortifications, the work of the famous Vauban, are in good condition, and con- sist of 19 large bastions, and 8 half moons, inclosed by a moat and covered way. On the side of the sea it has a massy wall, flanked with large antique towers. The town is well built, the streets broad, and the houses spacious. Its port stretches into the interior of the town, like that of Marseilles, and though not large, is secure. The trade of La Rochelle is considerable. It exports wines, bran- dy, flour, linen, and bay salt. 78 m. S. Nantes, nd 335 S. W. Paris. Lon. 1 9' W. Lat. 46 9' N. Pop. 17,500. Rochemaure, t. France, in Ardeche, near the Rhone, 6 m. N. W. Montelimart. Pop. 1,050. Rochester, ancient city, Eng. in Kent, on the Medway. On the E. it is connected by a contin- ued range of buildings with Chatham 3 and on the ROC W. by the bridge over the river, with the village of Strood. The chief public buildings are the castle, the cathedral, the churches, the town-hall, the bridge, and Watt's charity-house and dormito- ries. The bridge over the Medway is thought su- perior to any other in the kiugdom, for height, strength, and elegance, except the London bridges. It sends two members to Parliament. 27 m. N. W. Canterbury, 29 S. E. London. Lon. 30' E. Lat. 5123'N. Pop. 9,070, or, including Chatham, 21,722. Rochester, v. Eng. in Northumberland, 25 m. N. N. W. Hexham. Rochester, t. Essex co. Up. Canada, on the S. side of Lake St. Clair. Rochester, p-t. Windsor co. Vt. 34 m. N. W Windsor. Pop. 1,148. Rochester, p-t. Strafford co. N. H. on Salmon Fall river. Near the centre of this town is the village of Norway Plains, containing a church, court-house, and about 40 dwelling-houses. One term of the court of common pleas is held here an- nually. 18 m. N. Portsmouth. Pop. 2,471. Rochester, p-t. Plymouth co. Mass, on Buzzard's bay, 20 m. S. W. Plymouth, 48 S. Boston. Lon. 7040'W. Lat. 41 42' N. Pop. 3,034. Rochester, p-t. Ulster co. N. Y. 14 m. S. W. Kingston. Pop. 2,062. Rochester, or Rochesterrille, p-v. in Gates and cap. of Monroe co. N. Y. at the falls of the Gene- see river, 6 m. from its mouth. At this place the Erie canal crosses the Genesee. The first house was erected in 1812, and in 1822, the village con- tained about 3,000 inhabitants, 6 houses of public worship, a stone court-house, 2 printing offices, and numerous mills and manufactories. Rochetta, t. Sardinian states in Montferrat, 3 m. N. E. Cairo, 16 S. S. E. Acqui. Pop. 2,600. Rochford, t. Eng. in Essex, 16 m. S. E. Chelms- ford, 39 E. London. Pop. 1,214. Rochlits, t. Saxony, on the Mulda, 28 m. S. S.E. Leipsic. Pop. 2,100. Rock,t. Harison co. Ohio, 16m.N. Cadiz. Pop. 700. Rockcastle, co. Kentucky. Pop. 2,249. Slaves 155. Engaged in agriculture 333, in commerce 5. Chief town, Mount Vernon. Rock Fish) r. Va. which runs into James river on the N. Rock Hall, p-v. Kent co. Md. Rock Hill, t. Bucks co. Pa. Pop. 1,567. Rock Landing, v. Halifax, co. N. C. at the head of the great falls of the Roanoke, 12m. above Hal- ifax. Rock River, r. Indiana, which runs into the Wabash on the N. side, 150 m. above Vincennes. Rock Ricer, Illinois. See Rocky River. Rork Spring, p-v. Nelson co. Va. Rockaicai/, p-t. Morris co. N. J. on Rockawajr river, a branch of the Passaic, 7 m. N. by W. Mdrristown. Rockbridge, co. in the central part of Va. Pop. 11,945. Slaves 2,612. Engaged in agriculture 2,575, in commerce 129, in manufactures 653. Chief town, Lexington. In this county is the fa- mous natural bridge over Cedar creek. See Cedar Creek. Rockdalf, t. Crawford co. Pa. Pop. 776. liorktuliausm, t. Bavarian province of the Rhine, 13 m. N. by E. Kaiserslautern. Pop. 1.100. Ruckford, p-v. Surry co. N. C. ROC RockhalL p-v. Kent co. Md. Rockingham, t. Eng. in Northampton co. on the Wellan(L84 m. N. by W. London. Pop. 230. Rockingham, p-t. Windham co. Vt. on Con- necticut river, 20 m. below Windsor. Pop. 2,155. Rockingham, eo. N.H. bounded N. by Strafford eo. E. by Maine and the Atlantic, S. by Massa- chusetts, and W. by Hillsborough co. Pop. 55,246. Engaged in agriculture 10,522, in com- merce 609, in manufactures 1,973. Chief towns, Portsmouth and Concord. Rockingham, co. in the central part of Va. Pop. 14,784. Slaves 1,871. Engaged in agriculture 3,0 1 3, in commerce 35, in manufactures 951. Chief town, Harrisburg. Rockingham, co. on the N. side of N. C. It is watered by the Dan. Pop. 11,474. Slaves 2,974. Engaged in agriculture 2,664, in commerce 26, in manufactures 141. At the court-house is a post-office. Rockingham, t. and cap. Richmond co N. C. 6 m. E. of Pedee river, 74 from HUlsborough. Rockland, co. N. Y. bounded N. W. by Orange eo. E. by the Hudson, and S. W. by N. Jersey. Pop. 8,837. Engaged in agriculture 1,474, in commerce 52, in manufactures 755. Chief town, Clarkstown. Rockland, t. Sullivan co. N. Y. Pop. 405. Rockland, t. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 1,130. Rockland, t. Venango co. Pa. Pop. 373. Rockport, t. Cuyahoga co. Ohio, on Lake Erie, at the mouth of Rocky river. Pop. 157. Rockville, p-t. and cap. Montgomery co. Md. 14 m. from YVashington. Rockville, p-v. Frederick co. Va. Rocky Hill, p-v. in Wethersfield, Ct. Rocky HillMills,p-v. Faquier co. Va. Rocky Mills, p-v. Lunenburg co. Va. Rocky Mount, p-t. and cap. Franklin co. Va. 25 m. N. Martinsburg. Rocky Mount, p-v. Nash co. N. C. Rocky Mount, p-v. Chester district, S. C. Rocky Mountains, a name given to that part of the great American range which lies in the U. States, and British America. They are a contin- uation of the Cordilleras of Mexico, and termin- ate on the Frozen ocean, in about lat. 70 N. The expedition under Major Long visited these mountains in the summer of 1820. Dr. James ascended one of the summits, called from him James Peak, near lat. 38 18' N. Ion. 105 39' W. Its height by trigonometrical measurement is 8,500 feet above its base, 11,500 above the level of the sea. Other summits in its neighborhood were judged to be much higher. Rocky Ridge, p-v. Christian co. Ken. Rocky River, r. N. C. which runs into the Yad- kin. Rocky River, r. Ohio,which runs into Lake Erie. 10 m. W. Cleaveland. Rocky River, r. Indiana, which falls into the Wabash from the E. 78 m. above Vincennes. Its branches interlock with those oT the main fork of White river. It is 100 yards wide at its mouth, and has several large forks. Rocky River, r. Michigan Territory, which runs into Lake Michigan. Rocky, or Rock River, or Roche, r. which rises in the North-west Territory, runs through the N. W. part of Illinois, and flows into the Mississippi, 160 m. above the Illinois, 400 above St. Louis, af- ter a course of 200 miles. It is 300 yards wide at its mouth. R O G 651 Rocky Springs, p-v. Rockingham co. N. C. Rocoux,v. Netherlands, in Liege, 2 m. N.W. Liege. Rocquigny, t. France, in Ardennes, 14 m. N. N. W. Rethel. Pop. 1,200. Rocroy, t. France, in Ardennes, 14 m. N.W. Mezieres, 44 S. E. Mons. Pop. 2,900. Roda, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 6 m. N. N. E. Vique. Pop. 2,400. Roda, La, t. Spain, in La Mancha, 20 m. S. Alarcon, 22 S. E. San Clement. Pop. 2,400. Rodach, t. Germany, in Saxe-Coburg, 6 m. W. N. W.Coburg. Pop. 1,300. Rodborough, t. Erig. in Gloucester, 1 m. W. by S. Stroud. Pop. 1,628. Rodbye, commonly called Roebye, s-p. Denmark, in the island of Laland, on an arm of the Baltic, 12 m. S. E. Naskov. Pop. 800. Rodden, r. Eng. in Salop, which falls into the Terne, near Roddington. Rodelheim, t. Germany, in Hesse-Darmstadt, 3 m. W. Frankfort on the Maine. Pop. 900. Rodelsee, t. Bavarian states, 2 m. from Kitzin- gen. Rodemachern, or Rodemack, t. France, in Mo- selle, 9 m. N. N. E. Thionville, 25 N. Metz. Pop. 1,000. Rodenburg, t. Germany, 17 m. W. by S. Hano- ver. Pop. 850. Roder, r. Saxony, which falls into the Schwartz Elster, 2 m. below Elsterwerda. Rodi, t. Naples, in the Capitanata, 20 m. N. W. Manfredonia. Pop. 3,000. Rodman, p-t. Jefferson co. (N.Y.) S. of Water- town. Pop. 1,735. Rodney Point, point on the N. W. coast of A- merica, forming the N. point of Norton sound. Lon. 166 3' W. Lat. 64 30' N. Rodoni, cape on the coast of Albania, in the Adriatic. Lon. 19 16' E. Lat. 41 55' N. Rodosto, or Rodosdschig, t. Eu. Turkey, in Ro- mania, near the sea of Marmora, 55 m. N. E. Gal- lipoli, 68 W. Constantinople. Lon. 27 25' 16" E. Lat. 40 53' 34" N. Pop. 16,000. Rodrigues Key, isl, on the coast of Florida, one of the Tortugas.' Lon. 81 17' W. Lat. 25 N. Roe, r. Ireland, in Donegal, which runs into Lough Foyle, 2 m. N. W. Limavaddy. Roebuck Island, small isl. N.Y. at the E. extrem- ity of Lake Ontario. Roer, or Rhur, 2 rivers of the Prussian states : the one flowing through Lower Rhine and Clevea- and-Berg, passes by Duren and Juliers, and falls into the Maese ; the other joins the Rhine between Ruhrort and Duisburg. Roeulx, t. Netherlands, in Hainault, 8 m. E. N. E. Mons. Pop. 2,500. Rofrano, t. Naples, in the Principato Cit'ra, 12 m. N. N. W. Policastro. Pop. 2,000. Rogasen, t. Prussian Poland, 24 m. N. by E. Po- sen. Pop. 3,500. Rogattchev, t. Eu. Russia, on the Dnieper, 54 m. S. S. W. Mohilev. Rogas,v. Prussian Saxony, 14 m. N. by E. Mag- deburg. Pop. 800. Rogersmills, p-v. Saratoga co.-N. Y. Rogerslown, t. Missouri, 40 m. S. W. St. Louis. Rogersville,p-t. Pendleton district, S. C. Rogersville, p-t. and cap. Hawkins co. Tennes- see, on the Holston. It is pleasantly situated in Carter's valley, and contains a court-house, a bank, an academy, and a printing-office. In 1816, a salt lick was discovered about 9 miles N. W. of 652 ROM this place, from -which it is expected the surround- ing country may be supplied with salt. In the neighborhood of this town is a spring which has a regular ebb and flood. 65 m. E. N. E. Knox- ville. Roggenburg, t. Bavaria, 14 m. S. E. Ulm. Pop. 1,800. Roggervefd, Upper, Middle, and Little, three dis- tricts in the N. part of the territory of the Cape of Good Hope. Rogliano, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, 7 m. S. by E. Cosenza. Pop. 3,400. Rognes, t. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone, 12 m.N. W.Aix. Pop. 2,000. Rohan, t. France, in Morbihan, 30 m. N. Van- nes. Pop. 1,500. Rohanpore, t. Bengal, in Mouldah, on the E. bank of the Mahanuddy river. Lon. 88 26' E. Lat. 24 48' N. Rohan-Rohan, t. France, in Two-Sevres, 6 m. S. S. W. Niort. Pop. 1,900. Rohilcund, properly Kuttahtr, valuable district, Hind, formerly belonging to the province of Del- hi, but now included in the district of Bareily. It is situated between the Ganges and Gogra, and between 28 and 30 N. lat. It was ceded to the British in 1801. Rohitsch, t. Austrian States, 21 m. E. Cilley. Ro/mstock, v. Austrian States, 2 m. from Jauer. Rohr, t. v Bavaria, 16 m. S. Ratisbon, 7 E. S. E. Abensberg. Rohra, v. Prussian Saxony, 2 m. E. Meinungen. Pop. 1,000. Rohrheim, or Great Rohrheim, v. Germany, 13 m. S. S. W. Darmstadt. Pop. 1,100. Rohrsdorf, Bober, v. Prussian states, on the Bo- ber, 57 m. VV. by S. Breslau. Pop. 1,600. Rohrsdorf, Gross, v. Saxony, 11 m. N. E. Dres- den. Pop. 2,000. Roibon, t. France, in Isere, 22 m. W. N. W. Grenoble. Pop. 2,300. Roiselle, t. France, in Somme, 6 m. E. Peronne. Pop. 1,200. Rokitsan, or Rokyczany, i. Bohemia, 8m. E. Pilsen, 42 W. S. W. Prague. Pop. 2,300. Rolland, isl. in the Indian sea, about 9 miles in circumference. Lon. 68 43' E. Lat. 48 37' N. Rolle, t. Switzerland, in Vaud, 18 m. N. N. E. Geneva. Pop. 2,400. R oiling, r. Arkansas ter. which falls into Little river, a tributary to Red river. Rolpah, t. Hind, in Nepaul. Lon. 82 5' E. Lat. 2922'N. Rom, small isl. Denmark, on the W. coast of Sleswick, 8 miles long and 2 broad. Pop. 1,500. Lon. 8 31' E. Lat. 55 9' N. Rom Islands, 2 small islands, N.Y. at the E. end of Long Island, in Fisher's island sound, belonging to Southold. Roma, Campagna di. See Campagna. Roma, isl. in the Eastern seas. Lon. 127 20'E. Lat. 7 35' N. Romagna, province, Italy, in the States of the Church, on the Adriatic, and bounded N. by the Ferrarese. The capital is Ravenna. Romagnano, t. Sardinian states, 20 m. N. Ver- celli. Romainville, v. France, 5 m. E. Paris. Pop. 1,000. Roman, t. Eu. Turkey, in Moldavia, at the junc- tion of the Moldava and Sereth, 45 m. W. S. W. Jassy, 145 W. Bender. ROM Roman, Cape, cape on the coast of S. C. 21 leagues E. N. E. Charleston lighthouse. Lon.79 30' VV. Lat. 33 5 'N. Romans, Cape, cape on the W. coast of Florida, 20Heagues N. W. byN. Cape Sable. It has an excellent harbor with 11 feet water on the bar. Romania, Rumelia, or Rum-Hi, province, Eu. Turkey, bounded N. by Servia and Bulgaria ; E. by the Black sea ; S. by the sea of Marmora, the Archipelago, and the Mediterranean ; and W. by Albania. The whole of this fine country, com- prising Thrace, Macedon, and ancient Greece, is in a very backward slate of civilization. Romano, t. Austrian Italy, 26 m. E. Milan. Pop. 3,200. Romano, t. Piedmont, 5 m. S. Ivrea. Pop. 2,000. Romanov, t. Eu. Russia, in Jaroslav, on the Volga, 34 m. N. W. Jaroslav. Pop. 2,100. Romanov, or Romanovka, t. Russia, in Minsk. 22 m. W. by N. Sluck, 65 S. S. W. Minsk. Romanov, t. Eu. Russia, in Jaroslav, on the Vol- ga, 16 m. W. N. W. Jaroslav. Lon. 39 40' E. Lat. 57 46' N. Pop. 4,200. Romans, t. France, in Drome, on the Isere, 1 1 m. N. E. Valence, 28 W. S. W. Grenoble. Pop. 6,500. Romblon, or Romblino, one of the smaller Phi- lippine islands, 30 miles in circumference. Lon. 12158'E. Lat. 1240 / N. Rome, a large and famous city of Italy, former- ly the seat of the Roman empire, and the capital of the world, is built chiefly on the left or eastern bank of the Tiber, 15 m. from its mouth, 100 N. W. Naples. The space inclosed by walls, ap- proaches to the form of a square, and is about 13 miles in circuit, but a considerable portion of it is covered with vineyards, corn fields, or villas, the close population occupying little more than a third of the space included within the walls. The streets of Rome have seldom any foot pave- ments : a number of them are long and straight and not unfrequently terminated by an obelisk, a fountain, and a church, but they are generally narrower than those of London. The houses are partly of stone, partly of brick, and frequently covered with stucco. The squares are small, but numerous, and in general adorned with obelisks, fountains, or other monuments. The wall that surrounded Rome in the time of the emperors, is in many places in good preservation. Among the ancient edifices is the Pantheon or Rotunda, a structure distinguished equally for solidity and elegance. Its beauty consists in its proportions. A still more imposing object is the amphitheatre of Vespasian, a structure of an oval form, 581 feet long, 481 broad, and 1,616 in circumference, be- ing the largest amphitheatre ever known. It has been much dilapidated, but there remains enough of the great circular wall to form a most striking and sublime object. Of the triumphal arches of ancient Rome, the only one remaining entire is the arch of Constantino, with its pillars, statues, and bas reliefs, all of the finest marble. Trajan's pillar still stands on the spot where it was erected by that emperor, and is still covered with admira- ble bas reliefs, represent ing his expedition against the Dacians. The pillar is of marble ; its diame- ter at the base is 1 1 feet, at the top 10 ; its total height 133. Of the ancient Roman roads, several, such as the Via Latina, the Via Vitellia, the Via ROM Aurelia, still serve to approach the Capitol. Of the ancient aqueducts, there remain only three ; yet their supply of water is extremely copious. The sewers are now much obstructed by stones and earth. As to public baths, those great objects of Roman luxury, there remain of those of Cara- calla little but the walls ; but the baths of Titus are in better preservation. Of the various thea- tres and circuses of ancient Rome, hardly a vestige remains. No city in Europe is superior to modern Rome in the number and magnificence of its churches. The principal is that of St. Peter's, in which the arts of architecture, sculpture, and painting, are all displayed in the highest perfection. It was commenced in 1506, and no less than 18 successive Popes were employed in its construction. The most celebrated architects of modern times, Bra- mante, Raphael, Michael Angelo, Vignola, Ma- derno, and Bernini, have displayed their talents on this vast undertaking, the total expense of which must have amounted to at least 12,000,000 sterling. Entering a circular court formed by a vast colonnade, the spectator is struck by the ma- jestic front of the building, extending 400 feet in length, and rising to the height of 180. The eye is at the same time gratified with the majestic dome, rising from the central part of the roof of the church, to a height which, reckoning from the ground, is 424 feet. The interior of the church corresponds perfectly with its outward grandeur. Five lofty portals open into the portico, a gallery extending across the width of the edifice, and re- sembling in size a cathedral. This magnificent entrance is paved with marble, covered by a gild- ed vault, and closed at either end by statues. Op- posite to the five portals are five doors, each lead- ing into the church. On entering any of these, the spectator beholds the most spacious hall ever constructed by human art, expanding in jnagnifi- cent perspective, its length being above 600 Eng- lish feet. There are three palaces belonging to the Pope, viz. the Lateran, the Quirini, and the Vatican. The Vatican was erected by different architects at different eras, and forms not one, but an assem- blage of edifices. Its extent is immense, and the number of its rooms, great and small, is estimated at 10,000. The palaces belonging to private fam- ilies are numerous, and remarkable for their size and internal decorations. Rome is the seat of several seminaries, a uni- versity, a Greek, a German, and a Jesuit college. The Propaganda, or college for the diffusion of the Christian faith, is on an extensive scale, contain- ing a number of youths of different nations, and a press for printing books in more than thirty lan- guages ; but the fame of modern Rome lies not in literature, but in the fine arts. It has long been a resort for painters, sculptors, and architects, from various countries. The private collections of pic- lures, statues, and antiquities, are numerous and extensive. Of the libraries, by far the largest is that of the Vatican : an immense collection, but deficient in late publications. Pop. in 1817, 131,000, of whom 9,000 were Jews. Th4 num- ber of Catholic inhabitants connected with the church, as priests, monks, or nuns, is computed at 7,000 or 8,000. Rome, t. Kennebec co. Maine, 22 m. N Auffus- ta. Pop. 533. Rome, p-t. Oneida co. N. Y. on the Mohawk, 15 m. N. W. Utica, 108 W. N. W. Albany. Pop. RON 653 3,569. The courts of the county are held alter- nately here and at Whitesboro.' Rome stands on the site of the celebrated Fort Stanwix. It is at the head of boat navigation on the river, which ii here connected with Wood creek by a canal li miles in length, navigable for boats of 15 tons. The village contains about 200 houses and stores, a brick court-house and jail, a Presbyterian meet- ing-house, a brick arsenal belonging to the State, and an elegant stone arsenal belonging to the U. States. The Erie canal passes about 80 rods west of the village. Rome is situated at the meeting of a number of important roads, and is a place of considerable business. Rome, t. Athens co. Ohio. Pop. 491 . Rome, t. Lawrence co. Ohio. Pop. 399. Romelsoe, small islands in the gulf of Bothnia. Lon.21E. Lat. 64 55' N. Romen, or Romni, t Eu. Russia, in Poltava, 100 m. N. N. W. Poltava, 112 E. S. E. Czernigov. Romersladt, t. Austrian states, in Moravia, 27 m. N. Olmutz. Pop. 1,000. Romescamps, t. France, in Oise, 6 m. N. W. Grand villiers. Pop. 1,100. Rometta, t. Sicily, in the Val di Demona, 5 m. N. W. Messina. Romford, t. Eng. in Essex, 17 m. S. W. Chelms- ford, 12 E. N. E. London. Pop. 3,244. Romhild, t. Germany, in Saxe-Meinungen, 17 m. S. S. E. Meinungen. Pop. 1,600. Romiley, or Romleigh, t. Eng. in Cheshire near Altrincham Pop. 1,015. Romilly, t. France, in Aube, 12 m. E. Nogent sur Seine, '23 N. E. Troyes. Pop. 2,000. Romilly sur Andelle, t. France, in Eure, near Pont de 1'Arche. Pop. 1,300. Romishorn, or Romanshorn, t. Switzerland, in Thurgau, on the lake of Constance, 1 1 m. E. S.E. Constance. Romkala, the ruins of a large castle on the Eu- phrates, 60 m. N. E. Aleppo. Romney, New, t. Eng. in Kent, one of the Cinque Ports, on a rising ground in the centre of Rom- ney Marsh. Romney Marsh is an extensive lev- el of the richest pasture land in England. 71 m. S. E. London. Lon. 56' E. Lat. 50 59' N. Pop. 850. Romney, t. Kent co. Up. Canada, on lake Erie. Romney, t. and cap. Hampshire co. Va. on the W. side of the S. W. branch of the Potomac, 50 m. N. Winchester, \ 90 N. W. Richmond. It contains a court-house and jail, and about 70 dwelling- houses. Romorantin, t. France, in Loir-and-Cher, 25 m. S. E. Blois. Pop. 6,000. Romrod, t. Germany, in Hesse-Darmstadt, 22 m. N. W.Fulda. Pop. 900. Romsdal, district, Norway, in Drontheim. Chief town, Christiansund. Ramsey, or Rumsey, t. Eng. in Hants, on the Test, 8 m. N. N. W. Southampton, 74 W. by S. London. Lon. 1 31' W. Lat. 50 59' N. Pop. 5,217. Romsoe, small isl. Denmark, in the Great Belt. Lon. 10 48' E. Lat. 55 30' N. Romulus, p-t. Seneca co. N. Y. on the W. side of Cayuga lake, 10 m. N. Ovid, 200 W. Albany. Pop. 3,698. Romzee, t. Netherlands, 5 m. from Liege. Pop. 1,000. Rona, small isl. in the Northern ocean, 16 leagues N. W. the Butt of Lewis. Lon. 6 W. Lat. 58 32' N. 654 R O Q Ronaldshay, North, small isl. of the Orkneys, 2 miles long, 2 leagues N. of the isle of Sanday. Ronaldshay, South, the most southern of the Orkney islands, six miles long. Fop. 1,600. Roncador, small isl. in the Caribbean sea, 35 m. E. N. E. Old Providence. Lon. 80 4' W. Lat. 13 32 S. Roncaglia, v. Italy, in Parma, on the Po, 8 m. E. Piacenza. Roncesvalles, t. Spain, in Navarre, 14 m. N. N. E. Pampeluna. Ronciglione, t. Italy, in the States of the church, 12 m. S. Viterbo, 30 N. N. W. Rome. Roncq, t. France, in North, 8 m. N. Lisle. Pop. 2,900. Ronda, t. Spain, in Granada, on the Guadiaro, romantically situated on the top of a mountain. The chief manufactures are leather and silk stuffs. The environs are well cultivated and fertile. Pop. of the town and suburbs, 20,000. 38 m. W. by N. Malaga, 48 S. E. Seville. Ronde, Rhonde Island, or Redonda, one of the Grenadines, dependant on the island of Grenada, in the W. Indies. Lon. 61 39 W. Lat. 12 19' N. Rondchaye, La, v. France, in La Manche, 6 m. N. Coutances. Pop. 1,000. Rondizone, t. Piedmont, 20 m. N. N. E. Turin. Pop. 2,500. Ronne, or Ronde, t. Denmark, in the island of Bornholm, 93 m. E. S. E. Copenhagen. Pop. 2,200. Ronneburg, t. Germany, in Altenburg, belong- ing to Saxe-Gotha, 12 m. S. W. Altenburg, 60 W. Dresden. Lon. 12 5' E. Lat. 50 48' N. Pop. 2,600. Ronnen, small isl. Denmark, near the N. W. coast of Laaland. Lon. 11 15' E. Lat. 56 5' N. Ronnow, t. Bohemia, 7 m. S. E. Czaslau. Pop. 900. Ronsberg, t. Bohemia, 24 m. W. N. W.Klattau. Pop. 1,300": Ronsdorf, t. Prussian province of Cleves-and- Berg, 14 m. S. S. E. Dusseldorf. Pop. 3,400. Rooderpore, t. Hind, in Delhi. Lon. 79 29' E. Lat. 29 I' N. Roody Sand, or Waveren, a district in the terri- tory of the Cape of Good Hope, situated behind the mountains of Drakenstein. It abounds in grain, pulse, fruits, and wine. 70 m. E. of Cape Town. Roog. See Baltic Port. Roonay, t. Bengal, in Birbhoom. Lon. 87 E. Lat. 24 26' N. Roopnagur, t. Hindoostan, in Ajmeer. Lon. 75 52' E. Lat. 26 39' N. Roopoor, t. Hind, in Delhi, on the S. E. bank of the river Suttelege. Lon. 75 50' E. Lat. 31 7'N; Roosebecke, t. Netherlands, in West Flanders, 8 m. N. Courtrai, 20 S. W. Ghent. Pop. 4,000. Rooseville, p-v. Delaware co. N. Y. Roots, t. Portage co. Ohio, 4 m. S. Ravenna. Pop. in 1815, 400. Roosendael, t. Netherlands, in North Brabant, 7 m. E. N. E. Bergen-op-Zoom. Pop. 4,600. Roque, point on the coast of Brazil. Lon. 35 45' W. Lat. 5 3' S. Roque (FAnthcron, t. France, in Mouths-of-the Rhone, 15 m. N. W. Aix. Pop. 1,300. Roquebrou, t. France, in Cantal, 14 m. W. Au- rillac, 22 S. W. Mauriac. Pop. 1 ,300. R O S Roquebrune, t. France, in Var, 12 m. S. by E. Draguignan. Pop. 1,700. Roquebrussane, t. France, in Var, 16 m. N. Toulon. Pop. 1,500. Roquecort, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne, 20 m.N. E. Agen. Pop. 1,500. Roquecourbe, t. France, in Tarn, 6 m. N. N. E. Castres. Pop. 1,500. Roquefeuil, t. France, in Aube, 22 m. S. W. Li- moux. Pop. 900. Roquefort, t. France, in Landes, 14 m. N. E. Mont de Marsan. Pop. 1,400. Roquelaure, t. France, in Gers, 6 m. N. Auch. Pop. 1,800. Roquemaure, t. France, in Card, 9 m. N. Avig- non. Pop. 3,200. Roquepic, isl. in the Eastern seas. Lon. 65 14' E. Lat. 9 56' N. Roquetaillade, fief, Buckingham co. Lower Canada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 5 m. S. W. Three-Rivers. Roque Timbaut, t. France, in Lower Garonne, 8 m. N. E. Agen. Pop. 1,200. Roquevaire, t. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone, 14 m. N. E. Marseilles, 15 S. by E. Aix. Pop. 3,100. Roraas, t. Norway, in Drontheim, noted for its copper mines. 67 m. S. S. E. Drontheim. Pop. 3,000. Rorgen, t. Prussian province of the Lower Rhine, near Aix-La-Chapelle. Pop. 3,000. Rorschach, or Roschach, t. Switz. on the lake of Constance, 6 m. N. E. St. Gall. Pop. 2,800. Rosa, Mount, mountain, Switzerland, next to Mont Blanc, the highest in Europe. It is between the canton of the Valais and Piedmont, to the east of Mont Cervin. Height, according to Saussure, 15,600 feet above the level of the sea ; according to Sir George Shuckburgh, 15,240 feet. Rosalgate, the E. point of Arabia. Lon. 60 10' E. Lat. 22 20' N. Rosani, cape, Eu. Turkey, on the coast of Ro- mania. Lon. 24 14' E. Lat. 40 35' N. Rosana, or Roscienie, t. Russia, in Grodno, 56 m. S. by W. Novogrodek. Rosaria, El, t. Mexico, in Sonora, 400 m. N; W. Mexico. Lon. 106 9' W. Lat. 23 28' N. Pop. 5,600. Rosario, t. Buenos Ayres, 75 m, S. Santa Fe. Lon. 60" 51' W. Lat. 32 56' S. Rosario, r. New Granada, in Carthagena, which communicates with the Magdalena, and with the Cauca. Rosarno, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 5 m. S. S. E. Nicotera, 30 N. by E. Reggio. Pop. 2,500. Rosas, (an. Rhodia,} t. Spain, on the coast of Catalonia, 22 m. N. E. Cerona. Lon. 3 10' 13" E. Lat. 42 16' 6" N. Pop. 2,600. Rosale, t. Austrian Italy, 10 m. S. S. W. Milan. Rosbach, t. Prussian Saxony, 10 m. W. Lutzen, 9 S. S. W. Merseburg. It is remarkable for the victory obtained by the Prussians under Freder- ick II. over the French, in November 1757. Pop. 500. Rosbach, Upper, t. Germany, in Hesse-Darm- stadt, 10 m. N. Frankfort on the Maine. Pop. 1,000. Rosbegh, Point, cape on the W. coast of Ireland. Lon. 9 52' W. Lat. 52 6' N. Roscheslvensk, t. Eu. Russia, 32 m. S. by W. St. Petersburg. Roschild, t. Denmark, in the island of Zealand, 15 m. W. Copenhagen. R O S R O S 655 Roscof, t. France, in Finisterre, on the coast, 3 m. N. St. Pol de Leon. Pop. 2,500. Roscommon, county, Ireland, bounded S. by Galway, W. by Mayo, N. by Sligo, N. E. by Lei- trim, E. by Longford and Westmeath. It is a flat open country, in some places sprinkled with rocks and extensive bogs. Area, 541 square miles. Pop. 86,000. Roscommon, t. Ireland, in the above county, 36 m. N. E. Galway, 68 N. N. W. Dublin. Lon. 8 3\V. Lat. 5335'N. Roscommon, p-v. Steuben co. N. Y. Rose,t. Stark co. Ohio. Pop. 380. Rose's Island, small isl. of Florida, at the en- trance into Pensacola bay. Rose Island, isl. near the N. W. coast of Ameri- ca. Lon. 146 50' W. Lat. 58 35' N. Roseau, or Charlotte Town, the capital of Domi- nica, in the W. Indies, is on a point of land on the S.W. side of the island, between two bays. Lon. 61 21' W. Lat. 15 25' N. Roseburg, p-t. Armstrong co. Pa. Cosemarket, v. Wales, in Pembroke, 4 m. from Haverford West Rose Mills, p-v. Amherst co. Va. Rosenau, or Rosnau, t. Hungary, 9 m. N. E. Gomer, 24 N. Caschau. It is the see of a bishop. Pop. 3,200. Rosenau, t. Transylvania, 7 m. S.W. Cronstadt. Rosenberg, t Hungary, on the Wagg, 23 m. N. by E. Neusohl. Pop. 2,100. Rosenberg, t. West Prussia, 11 m. E. Marien- werder. Pop. 1,100. Rosenberg, t. Bohemia, on the Moldau, 22 m. S. Budweis. Pop. 1,200. Rosenberg, t. Baden, 37 m. E. by N. Heidel- berg. Pop. 800. Rosenberg, t. Prussian States, 24 m. E. N. E. Oppeln. Pop. 1,400. Rosenburg, Great, v. Prussian Saxony, on the Saale, 16 m. S. S. E. Magdeburg. Pop. 1,000. Rosendorf, v. Bohemia, 28 m. E. S. E. Dresden. Pop. 1,000. Roseness, cape on the S. coast of the island of Pomona. Lon. 2 42' W. Lat. 58 45' N. Rosenfeld, t Wirtemberg, 38 m. S. S. W. Stut- gard. Pop. 1,000. Rosengyn, one of the Banda isles, 7 m. S. E. Lan- tore. Rosenheim, t. Bavaria, on the Inn, 38 m. W. Salzburg. Pop. 1,700. Rosenlhal, t. Bohemia, 20 m. S. Budweis. Pop. 1,200. Rosenlhal, t. Germany, in Hesse-Cassel, 12 m. N. Marburg. Pop. 1,100. Rotenthal, or Rozmital, t Bohemia, 40 m. S. S. W. Prague. Pop. 1,100. Roses, Islands of, two small islands near the E. coast of Africa. Lat. 17 S. Roseto, t. Naples, in Principato Ultra, 13 miles W. S. W. Lucera. Pop. 2,800. Rotetla,* city of Egypt, situated near the mouth of that branch of the Nile called by the ancients the Bolbitine, but now the canal of Rosetta. The foreign trade of Egypt is carried on chiefly from the port of Alexandria ; but Rosetta forms the me- dium of communication between that city and Cairo. Rosetta is better built than Alexandria ; the houses are not, as in most parts of Egypt, composed of mud, but of brick. Compared with other eastern cities, it has a neat and pleasing ap- pearance, and is distinguished by the beauty of its environs. The merchants residing at Rosetta are chiefly Turks, and natives of Syria. Pop. 12,000. A considerable proportion of the population con- sists of Copts. Lon. 30 28' E. Lat. 31 24' N. Rosemlle, p-v. Delaware co. N. Y. Rosheim, t. France, in Lower Rhine, 14 m. W. by S. Strasburg. Pop. 3,400. Rosienie, t. Eu. Russia, in Wilna, 76 m. S. Mit- tau, 100 N. E. Konigsberg. Lon. 41 57' E. Lat. 55 30' N. Rosieres, t. France, in Somme, 17 m. E. by S. Amiens. Pop. 2,800. Rosieres aux Salins, t. France, in Meurthe, on the river Meurthe, 6 m. W. Luneville, 12 S. E. Nancy. Pop. 2,200. Rosiers, t. France, in Maine-and-Loire, 9 m. N. W. Saumur, 18 S. E. Angers. Pop. 3,800. Rosiers, Cape, the S. cape at the mouth of the river St. Lawrence, in the district of Gaspe, Low- er Canada. Lon. 63 40' W. Lat. 48 56' N. Rosignano, t. Sardinian States, 6 m. S. Casale. Pop. 2,000. Rosito, cape, Italy, on the E. coast of Calabria. Lon. 16 40' E. Lat. 40 5' N. Rosla, t. Prussian Saxony, 36 m. W. Halle, 10 S. S. E. Stolberg. Pop. 1,400. Rotlavl, t. Eu. Russia, in Smolensko, 60 m. S. S. E. Smolensk. Pop. 4,000. Roslin, v. Scotland, in Mid-Lothian, remarka- ble for an ancient chapel and castle. Roslin cas- tle is on a rock in a deep glen, and is accessible only fey a bridge of great height. 7 m. S. W. Ed- inburgh. Rosmalen, v. Netherlands, in North Brabant, 3 m. N. E. Bois le Due. Pop. 1,100. Rosman's, p-v. Belmont co. Ohio. Rosmarinhal, t. Portugal, 8 m. W. Alcantara, in Spain, 51 E. Abrantes. Rosmarino, t. Sicily, in the Val di Demona, 11 m. N. E. Mistretta. Rosny, v. France, near the Seine, 3 m. W. Man- tes. It is the birthplace of the duke of Sully, min- ister to Henry IV. Rosoy, t. France, in Seine-and-Marne, 17 m. N. E. Melun. Pop. 1,500. Rosoy, t. France, in Aisne, 25 m. N. E. Laon. Pop. 1,400. Ross, county, Scotland, bounded N. by Suther- land, E. by Cromarty and Moray frith, S. by In- verness-shire, and W. by the ocean. Area, 2,070 square miles. Pop. 60,853. Ross, t. Eng. in Hereford co. on the Wye. The Man of Ross, celebrated by Pope, was John Kyrle, who resided here, and spent his income in acts of benevolence. 12 m. S. E. Hereford, 115 W. by N. London. Lon. 2 35' W. Lat. 51 54' N. Pop. 2,261. Ross, s-p. Ireland, in Cork co. on a bay to which it gives name, 25 m. S. W. Cork. Ross, t. Alleghany co. Pa. Pop. 1,979. Ross, t. Northampton co. Pa. Pop. 873. Ross, co. Ohio, watered by the Scioto. Pop. 20,619. Engaged in agriculture 4,128, in com- merce 39, in manufactures 634. Chief town, Chil- licothe. Ross, t. Green co. Ohio. Pop. 814. Ross, t. Butler co. Ohio, on the Scioto, 8 m. be- low Hamilton. Pop. 1,665. Ross, New, s-p. Ireland, in Wexford co. on the Barrow, which is navigable to the town for ves- sels of 400 tons. 17 m. W. Wexford, 1 1 N. E. Wa- terford. Lon. 6 58' W. Lat. 52 22' N. Rossano, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, 30 m. N. E. Cosenza, 110 N. N. E. Reggio. Lon. 1644'E. 656 ROT ROT Lat. 39 38' N. It is the see of an archbishop. Pop. 7,000. Rossbcrg, a mountain of the interior of Switzer- land, near the E. bank of the lake of Zug. A part of the mountain fell in 1806 and buried a village, destroying more than 100 human lives. Rossdorf, t. Germany, in Saxe-Meinungen, 10 m. N. N. VV. Meinungen. Pop. 900. Rossel, t. East Prussia, 51 m. S. S. E. Konigs- berg. Pop. 5,300. Rossena, t. Italy, in the dutchy of Parma, 14m. S. S. E. Parma. " Rossie, p-t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. on the river St. Lawrence, above Ogdensburg Pop. 869. Rossleben, t. Prussian Saxony, on the Unstrut, 23 m. W. Merseberg. Pop. 1,100. Rossville, p-v. York co. Pa. Rossville, t. Butler co. Ohio, on the great Mi- ami, opposite Hamilton. Pop. 1,321. Rossiille, t. New Madrid co. Missouri. Rosscille, p-v. in the Cherokee Nation, Ten. on the S. side of Tennessee river, 4 miles below the mouth of Chickamaugah creek, 50 S. S. W. Wash- ington, (Ten.) Rosswein, or Ruspen, t. Saxony, on the Frey- berg Mulda, 24 m. W. Dresden. Pop. 2,700. Rostak, city of Ommon, in Arabia, 70 m. W. Maskat. Rostock, t. Germany, in the grand dutchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, on the Warnow, 8 miles from its mouth. It is the largest place, and the only seaport of consequence in the States of the grand duke. It has a university, with 20 profes- sors, and about 170 students. Its chief export is corn. The annual number of arrivals, great and small, is about 600 sail. It was the birth-place of marshal Blucher, and is 40 miles W. S. W. Stral- aund. Pop. 13,000. Rostorf, v. Hanover, 3 m. S.W. Gottingen. Rostov, t. Eu. Russia, in Jaroslav, 40 m. S. S. W. Jaroslav. Pop. 5,000. Rostov, t. Eu. Russia, on the Don, between Azoy and Tscherkask. Rostrara, t. Westmoreland co. Pa. Pop. 1,679. Rostrenen, t. France, in Cotes du Nord, 25 m. S. S. W. Guingamp, 33 S. W. St. Brieux. Pop. 1,500. Rota, t. Spain, in Andalusia, on the N. side of Cadiz bay, 7 m. N. N. W. Cadiz. Pop. 6,000. Rotai, or Rotle, small isl. in the Eastern seas, 27 m. S. W. Timor. Rotas. See Rhotas. Rotebro, t. Sweden, in Upland, 30 m. N. N. W. Stockholm. Rotenburg, t. Switzerland, 4 m. N. Lucerne. Rotenburg, t. Hanover, 24 m. E. Bremen, 14 N. N. E. Verden. Pop. 800. Roth, t. Wirtemberg, 25 m. S. Ulm, 12 E. S. E. Biberach. Pop. 900. Rothbach, v. Bavarian States, 3 m. N. W. Alt- dorf. Rothberg. See Rougemont. Rolhehutte, v. Hanover, near Elbingerode. Pop. 700. Rothenacker, v. Wirtemberg, on the Danube, 14 miles above Ulm. Pop. 1,100. Rothenberg, one of the twelve departments into which the kingdom of Wirtemberg was divided in 1810. It contains Stutgard, the capital of the king- dom. Area, 340 square miles. Pop. 1 12,000. Rothenbuch, t. Bavarian States, 13 m. E. by S. Aschaftenburg. Pop. 800. Gothenburg on the Tauber, t. Bavarian States, 28 m. S. S. E. Wurzburg, 18 W. N. W. Anspach, Pop. 5,700. Rothenburg, t. Prussian States, on the Neisse. 12 m. N. Gorlitz, 55 E. N. E. Dresden. Pop. 900. Rothenburg, v. Prussian Saxony, on the Saale, 13 m. N. N. VV. Halle. Pop. 800. Rothenburg, t. Germany, in the electorate of Hesse, on the river Fulda, 23 m. S. S. E. Cassel, 9 N. Hersfeld. Pop. 3,000. Rothenfeld, t. Baden, on the Murg, 6 m. E. S. E. Rastadt. Pop. 900. Rothenfels, t. Bavarian States, on the Maine, 15 m. W. N. W. Wurzburg. Pop. 1,400. Rother, r. Eng. which forms the boundary for a short way between Sussex and Kent, and falls in- to the English channel at Rye. Rotherham, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, near the con- fluence of the Rother and Don. Here is an acad- emy for the education of Protestant dissenters, more particularly the Independents, proposing to become clergymen. Here also are very extensive iron and steel works, in which are manufactured cannon of the largest calibre, and almost every kind of cast iron articles. 6 miles N. E. Sheffield, 160 N. N. W. London. Lon. 1 22' W, Lat. 53 25' N. Pop. 2,950. Rotherhilhe, parish, Eng. in Surry, on the Thames, about a mile and a half east of London bridge, noted for its dock-yards. Pop. 12,114. Rothesay, or Rolhsay, royal burgh, Scotland, on the N. E. coast of the island of Bute, at the bot- tom of an extensive bay. It is extensively enga- ged in the herring fishery. Rothesay, Point, cape on the N. W. coast of A- merica. Lon. 227 46' E. Lat. 56 37' N. Rothe Sund, (Red Sound,') strait of the Baltic, between the Danish islands of Falster and La- land. Rothewisch, v. Saxony, a few miles from Plauen. Pop. 2,000. Rothschen-salm, s-p. Finland, on the gulf of Finland, 11 m. W.S. W. Fredericksham. Lon. 27* 1'E. Lat. 60" 27' 57" N. Rothweil, Upper, v. Baden, 13 m. N. W. Frei- burg. Pop. 1,100. Rothweil, v Eug. in Northamptonshire 4 , 4 m. N. W. by W. Kettering, 78i N. W. by N. London. Pop. 1,451. Rothweil, t. Eug. in Yorkshire, 6 m. N. by E. Wakefield. Pop. 5,004. Rolselar, v. Netherlands, in South Brabant, 9 m. N. by W. Louvain. Pop. 1,600. Rotte, r. Netherlands, in South Holland, which falls into the Maese at Rotterdam. Rollel,r. Austria, which falls into the Danube, near the castle of Ottersheim. Rottenburg, t. Wirtemberg, separated by the Neckar from Ehingen. Pop. 4,700. Rotterdam, a large commercial city in South Holland, on the N. bank of the Maese, which here resembles an arm of the sea, although nearly 20 miles from its mouth. Though not" fortified, it is surrounded by a moat, and entered by six gates towards the land, and four towards the water. It is traversed by the Rotte, a river, or rather broad canal, which here joins the Maese. Rot- terdam is intersected, even more than other towns in Holland, by canals, almost all of which are bor- dered with trees. The houses are rather conven- ient than elegant. Their height is four, five, or six stories. The principal public buildings are the exchange, the great church 0f St. Lawrence, R O V the town-house, the admiralty, the academy, the theatre, and the extensive buildings of the East India company. Erasmus was bora here in 1467. As a commercial city, Rotterdam has various ad- vantages. Its broad and deep canals bring vessels ef large burden close to the doors of the merchants' warehouses. It has in several respects greater accommodation than Amsterdam, the Maese being; open, and the passage free from ice earlier than the Zuyder Zee, and a single tide sufficing to car- ry vessels to the German ocean. During the late wars in Europe, its commerce was greatly depres- sed, but since the overthrow of Bonaparte it has rapidly revived. 14 m. S. E. Hague, 36 S. by W. Amsterdam. Lon. 4 29' E. Lat. 51 55' N. Pop. 56,000. Rotterdam, t. Schenectady co. N.Y. Pop. 1,529. Rotterdam, or Constantia, p-t. Oneida co. N. Y. Rottingen, t. Bavarian states, on the Tauber, 9 m. N. E. Mergentheim. Pop. 1,200. Rottweil, tWirtemberg, 46 m. S. S. W. Stutgard, 42 N. W Constance. Pop, 2,900. Rotunda, small isl. in the Atlantic ocean, 3 leagues E. Granada. Lat. 1 1 56' N. Rou, or Pulo Rou, small isl. in the Chinese sea, near the coast of Malacca. Lon. 102 10' E. Lat. 6 43' N. Rouad, or Ruad, (an. Aradus^) isl. off the coast of Syria, nearly opposite Tortosa. Lon. 35 57' E. Lat. 34 51' N. Rovado, t. Austrian Italy, 10 m. W. N. W.Bres- cia. Pop. 5,000. Rouanne. See Roanne. Rouans, t. France, in Loire Inferieure, 20 m. W. Nantes. Pop. 2,100. Rovasio, t. Piedmont, 13 m. N. Vercelli. Pop. 2,500. Roitbaix, t. France, in dep. of the North, 6 m. N. Lisle, 12 N. W. Turnay, 24 N. Douay. Pop. 3,000. Roubion, r. France, which falls into the Rhone, at Montelimart. Roucy, t. France on the river Aisne, 1 1 m. S. E. Laon. Pop. 900. Rouen, city, France, cap. of the Lower Seine, on the right bank of the Seine, 70 miles from its mouth, in a fertile and pleasant country. Among the public buildings are the cathedral built by William the Conqueror, and said to be one of the finest specimens of Gothic architecture in France ; the church of St. Ouen, and that of St. Maclou. Of the curiosities the most interesting is the bridge of boats over the Seine. Instead of piers, it rests on 19 large barges, which fall and rise with the ebb and flow of the tide. It is about to be replaced by an elegant stone bridge, which is already(1820) in a state of progress. Rouen is one of the prin- cipal manufacturing towns in France, especially in the article of cotton goods. It has likewise manufactures of woollens, linens, and in a smaller degree, of iron ware, paper, hats, and pottery. The annual value of all the manufacture is esti- mated at 2,000,000/. sterling, and the number of persons employed, at 50,000. The Seine at Rouen is from 500 to 800 feet in width, and with the aid of the tide brings up vessels of 150 or 200 tons. 45 m. E. Havre, 80 W. N. W. Paris. Lon. 1 6' E. Lat. 49 26' N. Pop. 87,000. fiorerbello, t. Austrian Italy, 12 m. N. N. W. Mantua. Roreredo, or Rorereith, t. Austrian states, and chief place of a district in Tyrol, near the left 83 ROW 657 bank of the Adige. 28 m. N. Verona, 12 S. by W.Trent. Lon. 11 E. Lat. 45 55 N. Pop. 6,000. Rouergue, formerly a province in the S. part. France, now forming the department of the Avey- ron. Roversano, t. Italy, in the States of the Church, 20 m. W. Rimini. Rouffach, or Rujfach, t. France, in Upper Rhine, 9 m. S. W. Colniar, 25 N. Altkirch. Pop. 3,300. Rouge, t. France, in Loire Inferieure, 4 m. N.W. Nantes. Pop. 2,200. Rouge river, r. Michigan Territory, which runs into Detroit river, 5 miles below Detroit. It is navigable for vessels drawing 16 feet water, 4 miles, to the dock yard, thence for boats drawing 3 feet water, 8 miles. Rougemont, t. France, in Doubs,22m. N. by E. Besancon. Pop. 1,200. Rougemont, v. Switz. in Vaud, 18 m. E. Ve- vay. Rough Sketty, cape on the E. coast of Scotland. Lon. 2 6 28' W.' Lat. 56 36' N. Rovigno, t. Austrian States, on the coast of Is- tria, on a rock which projects into the sea, and forms two good harbors. 40m. S.Trieste, 37 S.W. Fiume. Pop. 10,000. Rotigo, a delegation of Austrian Italy, separa- ted by the Po from the States of the Church. Ex- tent, 550 square miles. Pop. 63,000. Rovigo, t. Austrian Italy, and cap. of the above delegation, is on the Adigetto, a branch of the Adige. 18 m. N. N. E. Ferrara, 35 S. S. W. Venice. Lon. 1148'E. Lat. 45 4' N. Pop. 9,000. Rouillac, t. France, in Charent, 14 m. N. W. Angouleme. Pop. 1,200. Roujan, t. France, in Herault, 4m. N. E. Be- ziers. Pop. 1,000. Roulcrs, t. Netherlands, in West Flanders, on the Mandel, a small river which falls into the Lys. 12 m. N. N. E. Ypres, 18 S, Bruges. Pop. 8,500. Round Island, isl. in Bristol bay, on the N. W. coast of America. Lon. 200* 6'E. Lat. 58 37' N. Round Key, small isl. near the coast of Missis- sippi, 5 m. N. Horn island. Round Lick, p-v. Smith co. Tennessee. Round Top, a peak of the Catskill mountains, in New- York, 3,804 feet above the level of the sea. Rounda, t. Hind. Kandeish. Lon. 75 47' Lat. 20 54' N. Rovno, t. Eu. Russia, in Volhynia, 1 15 m. N. E. Lemberg. Pop. 3,300. Rouse's Point. Lower Canada, the W. point at the outlet of Lake Champlain through Sorel riv- er, a little above the 45th degree of N. lat. Roussillon, before the revolution a province in the south of France, now forming the department of the Eastern Pyrenees, Roussillon, t. France, in Isere, 12 m. S. S. W. Vienne. Pop. 1,500. Roulot, t. France, in Eure, 9 m. E. by N. Pont Audemer. Pop. 1,100. Roumlle, seignory, Bedford co. Lower Canada, on the river Sorel, J 9 m. E. Montreal. Rouvray, t. France, in Cote d'Or, 47 m. W. by N. Dijon. Pop. 800. Rowan, co, in the W. part of N.C. Pop. 26,000, G5S ROY Slaves 5,381. Engaged in agriculture, 7,273, in commerce 153, in manufactures 355. Chief town, Salisbury. Rowe, t. Franklin co. Mass. 17m. N.W. Green- field, 103 W. N. W. Boston. Pop. 851. Rowlet, t. Potter co. Pa. Pop. 53. Rcic'cy, p-t. Essex co. Mass. 15 m. N. Salem, 28 N. E. Boston. Pop. 1,825. Ron-ley, King's, t. Eng. in Staffordshire, 2 m. S. E. Dudley. Pop. 4,974. Roxborough, t. St. Ormont co. Up. Canada. Roxborovgh, t. Philadelphia co. Pa. on the Schuylkill, 7 m. N. W. Philadelphia. Pop. 1,682. Rnxborough, p-t. and cap. Person co. N . C. A 5 o.r6urg/i,soinetinjes called Teviotdale, co. Scot- unded E. and S. E. by Northumberland, 8. .Northumberland and Cumberland, S. W. and VS. by Dumfries and Selkirk, and N. and N. R Berwickshire. Extent, about 700 square mik -.' Pop. 37,230. R>rb argil, city, Scotland, in Roxburgh co. It stoo, .:; a peninsula former by the junction of the lev .ov and the Tweed, about a mile S. W. of Kelso, but is now wholly decayed. Roxbury, t. Orange co. Vt. 45 m. N. Windsor. Pop. o 12. Roxbury, t. Cheshire co. N. H. 45 m. S.W. Con- cora Pop. 366. Roxbury^ t. Norfolk co. Mass. 2m. S.W. Boston. Pop. i, 135. It was first settled in 1630, and is di- vided into three parishes. oxbury,t. Litchtieldco. Ct. 32m. N. W. New Haven, 46 S. W. Hartford. Pop. 1,124. Roxbury, p-t. Delaware co. N. Y. 22 m. E. Del- hi, 56 S . W . Albany. Pop. 2,488. Roxbury, t. Morris co. N. J. 45 m. N. Trenton. Pop. 1,792. Roxbury, p-v. Franklin co. Pa. Roxbury, or Leverings, p-v. Philadelphia co. Pa. Roxbury, t. Washington co. Ohio. Pop. 397. Roxbury, t. Morgan co. Ohio. Roxo, cape, Spain, on the coast of Valencia. Lon. 50' W. Lat. 37 53' N. Roxton, t. Richelieu co. Lower Canada, E. of Montreal. Roxwell, t. Eng. in Essex, 4i m. W. N. W. Chelmslord. Pop. 751. Roy Bareily, t Hind, in Oude. Lon. 81 12' E. Lat. 26-10''N. Royal, p-t. Sampson co. N. C. Royal Isle, large isl. Lake Superior, about 40 miles long, and 13 wide. Lon. 9 W. Lat. 47 52' N. Royalslou-n, p-t. Lancaster co. Ohio. R.yallon, p-t. Windsor co. Vt. on White river, 25 m. N. Windsor. Here is an Academy. Pop. 1,816. Royallon, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 36 m. N. W. Worcester, 70 W. N. W. Boston. Pop. 1,424. Royallon, t. Niagara co. N. Y. Pop. 1,849. Royalton, t. Cuyahoga co. Ohio. Pop. 225. Royallon, t. Fairfield co. Ohio, 10m. W.Lan- caster. Royan, t. France, in Lower Charente, at the mouth of theGironde, 14 m. S. by E. Marennes. Pop. 2,700. Roye, t France, in Somme,28 m.E. by S.Amien?, Pop. 3,100. Roypoor, t. Bengal, in Midnapore. Lon. 87 E. Lat. 24* 48' N. Royston, t. Eng. in Hertford and Cambridge R U F counties, 22m. S.byE. Huntingdon, 37 N. London. Lon. 1' W. Lat. 52 4' N. Pop. 1,309. Royton, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 4^ m. S. by. E. Rochdale. Pop. 3,910. Roznow, t. Austrian states, in Moravia, 35 m. E. Olmutz. Pop. 2,300. Rshev-f^olodimirov, t. En. Russia, in Tver, on both sides of the Wolga, which is navigable here. 144 m. W. N. W. Moscow, 278 S. S. E. St. Peters- burg. Pop. 7,400. Ruaborij v North Wales, in Denbigh, 5 m. from Wrexham. Pop. 1,137. Ruatan, isl. in the bay of Honduras, 30 miles long, and 9 wide ; naturally fortified by rocks and shoals. Lon. 86 45' W. Lat. 16 23' N. Rubicon, the ancient name of a river in the N. E. of Italy, which flowed into the Adriatic to the N. of Rimini, supposed to be the modern Luso. Rubieszow, t. Poland, 29 m. E. by N. Zamoski, 30 S S. E. Chelm. Rubio, cape of the Mediterranean, on the N.W. coast of the island of Ivica. Lon. 121'E. Lat. 39 5' N. Ruchibudo, settlement on the N.E. coast of New Brunswick, about 50 m. from the S. point of the province. Ruckingen, t. Germany, in Hesse-Cassel, 5 m. E. Hanau. Rudaw, t. East Prussia, 14 m. N. N. W. Konigs- berg. Ruddstadt, t. Prussian states, 20 m. W. Schweid- nitz. Pop. 1,200. Ruden, small isl. in the Baltic, on the coast of Pomerania. Lon. 13 48' E. Lat 53 40' N. Ruden. See Ruthen. Rudesheim, t. Germany, in the dutchy of Nas- sau, on the Rhine, 15 m. W. Mentz. Pop. 2,000. Rudgeley,t. Eng. in Staffordshire, near the S. bank of the Trent. 9$ m. E. S. E. Stafford, 131 N. W. London. Pop. 2,213. Rudig, t. Bohemia, 23 m. E. S. E. Carlsbad. Pop. 800. Rudkioping, t. of the island of Langeland, in Denmark, on the W. coast. Lon. 10 47' 45" E. Lat. 54 55' N. Pop. 1,100. Rudo/phsiverlh. See Neustadtel. Rudolstadl, t. Germany, 22m. S. E. Erfurt. Pop. 4,000. Rudolstadt, principality. See Schwarsbvrg-Ru- dolstadl. Rudraprayaga, t. Hind, in Serinagur, at the confluence of the rivers Alcananda and Calyganga. Lon. 79 2' E. Lat. 30 19' N. Rudsttdt, Great, v. Germany, in the grand dutchy of Saxe- Weimar, 12 m. W. N. W. Wei- mar. Pop. 800. Rue, r. Wales, in Montgomeryshire, which runs - nto the Severn, 3 m. S. Weshpool. Rue, or Ruw, t. Swiss canton of Friburg, 10 m. W. Gruyeres, 12 N. E. Lausanne. Rue, r. France, in Auvergne, which falls into the Dordogne, near Bart. Rue, t. France, in Somme, 14 m. N. W. Abbe- villr. Pop. 1,100. Rucdock, r. Wales, in Merionethshire, which runs into the Dee a mile from Bala. Ruel, t. France, 9 m. N. W. Paris. Pop. 2,500. Rujj'urh, t. France, in Upper Rhine, 8 m. S. Colmar, 27 N. N. W. Bale. Pop. 3,300. Rujfec, t. France, in Charente, 24 m. N. An- gouleme, 34 S. Poitiers. Pop. 2,100. RUM Ruffieux, t. Savoy, 20 m. N. Chamberry. Pop. ' Rujia, or Rafeo, (an. Alpheus,) well known r. Greece, in the Morea, which falls into the gulf of Arcadia, opposite the island of Zante. Rufoco, s-p. Kayor, in Africa, N. of the Gam- bia, 60 m. W. N. W. Amboule. Rusby, t Eng. in Warwick co. on the S. side of the Avon. It has a grammar school, now call- ed the college, which has more than 300 students, and funds which yield 2,000 per annum. 1 9 m. E N. E. Warwick, 85 N.W. London. Lon. 1 15' W. Lat. 52 23' N. Pop. 1,805. Rugen, isl. in the Baltic, opposite Stralsund, on the coast of Pomerania, about 30 miles long, and from 15 to 25 broad. Area, 360 square miles. Pop. 28,000. It was long subject to Sweden, but was acquired by Prussia, with the rest of Pome- rania, in 1814. Rugenwald, t. Prussian Pomerania, 23 m. W. Stolpe, 38 E. N. E. Colberg. Lon. 16 23' 45' ' E. Lat. 54 22' N. Pop. 2,500. Rugged Isle, small isl. near the S. coast of Ire- land. Lon. 9 2' W. Lat. 51 30' N. Rugles, t. France, in Eure, 25 m. S. by W. Ev- rcux. Pop. 1,600. Ruhla, t. Germany, belonging to Saxe-Gotha and Saxe- Weimar. 14 m. W. by S. Gotha, 5 S. E. Eisenach. Pop. 2,500. Ruhland, t. Prussian States, on the Elster, 28 m. N. by E. Dresden. Pop. 1,500. Rithnoe, or Run, small isl. in the Baltic, off the coast of Livonia, belonging to Russia, 34 m. E. by N. Donaesness. Ruib, small isl. in the Pacific ocean, 6 leagues from Waygoo. Lon. 130 20' E. Lat. 04' N. Ruinerwold, v. Netherlands, in Drenthe, 17 m. N. N. E. Zwolle. Pop. 1,000. Rule, r. Scotland, in Roxburghshire, which falls into the Teviot at tVIanslees. Rultsheim, v. Bavarian province of the Rhine, 11 m. E. Landau. Pop. 1,500. Rum, isl. of the Hebrides, 9 miles long, and from 5 to 7 broad. Lon. 6 17' W. Lat. 57 N. Pop. 600. Rum Key, one of the Bahama islands, 8 or 9 leagues E. of Long Island. Rumbeke, t. Netherlands, in West Flanders, 20 m. S. S. W. Bruges. Pop. 6,000. Rumburg, t. Bohemia, 58 m. N. Prague, 35 E. Dresden. Pop. 2,700. Rumilia. See Romania. Rumford, formerly the name of Concord, N. H. Rumford, p-t. Oxford co. Maine, 20 m. N. Paris. Pop. 871. Rumford Academy, p-v. King William co. Va. Rumigny, t. France, in Ardennes, 14 m. S. W. Rocroy. Pop. 800. Rum-lit. See Romagna. Rumilly,i. Savoy, 19 m. N. Chamberry, 7 W. S. W.Annecy. Pop. 3,100. Rumlry, p-v. Jefferson co. Ohio. Rummel, r. Algiers, which passes by Constan- tina, and joins the Wed el Kibeer, 18 miles be- low. Rummeliburg, t. Prussia, in Pomerania, 33 miles E. S. E. Coslin. Pop. 1,500. Rumney, p-t. Grafton co. N. H. 7 miles N. W. Plymouth. Pop. 864. Rumptt, t. Netherlands, 7 m. E. by S. Antwerp. Pop. 2.000. Rumworlh, t. En*, in Lancashire. 3$ m. W. by 9. Great Bolton. Pop. 768. R U S 659 Runala, t. Hind, in Khandeish. Lon. 74 20' E., Lat. 21 17' N. Runcorn,t. Eng. in Cheshire, 4m. N. by W. Frodsham. Pop. 2,060. Rungpoor, called also Takhut Koondy, district, Bengal, bounded N. by the Bootan mountains, and E. by the river Brahmapootra. Rungpore, the capital, is on the E. bank of the G oggot river, and carries on a considerable trade with Bootan, Assam, and Calcutta. Lon. 89 5' E. Lat. 25 47' N. Rungpore, an extensive fortress which defends Gergong, the ancient capital of Assam. Lou. 94 40' E. Lat. 26 55 'N. Runkel, t. Germany, in Nassau, on the Lahn, 5 m. E. Limburg. Runnode, t. Hind, in Malwah. Lon. 78 15' E. Lat. 25 7' N. Runnymede, a meadow, Eng. 5 m. E. Windsor, in Surry, celebrated for the conference held there on the 15th June, 1215, between king John and the Barons of England, when the former was compelled to sign magna charta and charta de fo- resta. Ruolo, t. Italy, dutchy of Modena, 8 m. N. N.E. Novellara. Rupelmonde, t. Netherlands, in East Flanders, on the Scheldt, 8 m. S. by W. Antwerp, 26 E. by N. Ghent. Pop. 2,000. Rupersdorf, or Hohen Rupersdorf, t. Austria, on the Sulzbach, 17 m. N. N. E. Vienna. Pop. 2,300. Rupert, p-t. Bennington co. Vt. 32 m. N. Ben- nington. Pop. 1,332. Rupert's Bay, bay on the W. coast of Domini- ca. Lon. 61 18' W/Lat. 15 40' N. Rupert's Head, cape on the W. coast of Domi- nica. Lon. 61 19' W. Lat. 15 41' N. Rupnagur, t. Hind, in Ajmeer. Lon. 74 5' E. Lat. 26 43' N. Ruppin, New, t. Prussian province of Branden- burg, 35 m. N. N. W. Berlin. Lon. 12 55' E. Lat. 52" 56' N. Pop. 4,600. Ruremonde, t. Netherlands, in Limburg, at the influx of the Roer into the Maese. 27 m. N. by E. Maestricht. Lon. 5 59' E. Lat. 51 12' N. Pop. 4,300. Rurutu, on the charts Oheteroa, isl. in the South Seas, remarkable for its recent renunciation of idolatry. In March, 1821, a party of the natives were driven by contrary winds to Raiatea, one of the Society islands, where Christianity is intro- duced Here they were detained several weeks, and upon leaving the island obtained the consent of two of the native Christians of Raiatea to ac- company them home. On their arrival they had little difficulty in persuading the king and chiefs of Rurutu, publicly to renounce idolatry and in- troduce the worship of the true God. Lon. 150 47' W. Lat. 22 27' S. Rnsa, t. Eu. Russia, 68 m. W. Moscow. Pop. 2,400. Rui-cek, or Ruschuk. See Rustschuk. Rusciud, r. Persia, which falls into the Persian gulf, 48 m. W. Ormus. Ruscomb manor, t. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 1,057. Rush, t. Monroe co. N. Y. Pop. 1,701. Rush, t. Centre co. Pa. Pop. 173. Rush, t. Northumberland co. Pa. Pop. 1,192. Rush. t. Susquehannah co. Pa. Pop. 242. Rush, t. Schuylkill co. Pa. Pop. 253. Rush, t. Northampton co. Pa. Pop. in 1810, 140. t. t. Luzerneco. Pa. Pop. in 1810, 831. COO R U S Rush Creek, r. Ohio, which runs into the Hock- hocking, 7 miles below Lancaster. Rush Creek, t. Fairfield co. Ohio, 8 m. E. Lan- caster. Pop. 1,304. Rushford, p-t. Alleghany co. N. Y. Pop. 609. Rushvillei p-v. Fairfield co. Ohio, 10m. E. Lan- caster, 26 S. W. Zanesville. Russ, t. East Prussia, on the Niemen, 28 m. S. by E. Memel. Pop. 800. Russ, small isl. in the Eastern seas, near the W. coast of Nassau. Lon. 99 48' E. Lat. 2* 53' S. Russbach, Great, t. Austria, 20 m. N. Vienna. Pop. 1,900. Russell, t. Russell co. Upper Canada. Russell, t. Hampden co. Mass. 14 m. W. Spring- field. Pep. 491. Russell, p-t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. 25 m. S. E. Ogdensburg. Pop. 486. Russell, co. in the S.W. part of Va. Pop. 5,536. Slaves 526. Engaged in agriculture 1,494, in com- merce 7 , in manufactures 47. At the court-house is a post-office. Chief town, Franklin. Ruasellville, p-t. and cap. Logan co. Kentucky. It contains a court-house, a jail, a bank, an acad- emy for females, a meeting-house, two printing- offices, and about 170 houses. It is nearly equi- distant from Green and Cumberland rivers, 35 miles from each, and situated in a very fertile country. 200 m. S. W. Lexington, 85 S. Louis- ville, 180 S.W. Frankfort. Pop. 1,712. Russelsheim, t. Germany, in Hesse-Darmstadt, on the Maine, 6 m. E. Mentz. Pop. 1, 100. Russey, t. France, in Doubs, on the river Doubs, 34 m. E. S. E. Besa^on. Pop. 900. Russi, t. Italy, in the States of the Church, 8 m. N. E. Faenza. Russia, the most extensive empire in the world, reaches from Ion. 18 E. to 160 W. and from 43 to 78 N. lat. It includes one half of Europe, one third of Asia, and a portion of America ; and it is bounded N. by the Frozen ocean ; S. E. by the Pa- cific ; S. by the Chinese empire, Persia, and Tur- key ; W. by the Austrian, Prussian, and Swedish dominions. The boundaries of Russia have re- cently been much extended in every part of the west and south, encroaching upon Lapland, Swe- den, Poland, Turkey, and Persia. On the side of Sweden, the river Tornea, which falls into the head of the gulf of Bothnia, is now the boundary ; on the side of European Turkey, the Pruth and the Danube. Between the Black sea and the Caspian, the Russian empire now extends to the rivers Bathus and Kur, the former of which, di- viding Russia from Armenia, falls into the Black sea, in about lat. 42 N. ; the latter, rising near the Bathus in the mountains of Armenia, falls into the Caspian below lat. 40. Russia, therefore, now embraces the provinces of Georgia, Daghes- tan, and Shir van, taken from Persia, and Mingre- liaand Imiretta, taken from Asiatic Turkey. The whole empire, including the late acquisitions, contains about 8,000,000 sq. miles, and 48,000,000 inhabitants. It is divided into 53 governments. Geographers are not agreed on the boundary be- tween European and Asiatic Russia, but it is common to assign 38,000,000 inhabitants, and 2,000,000 square mile?, to European Russia. European Russia consists chiefly of immense plains, covered in many parts with forests. Ow- ing to the flatness of the country, the rivers have few falls, and many of them are navigable for an immense distance, opening very extensive inland communications. A short caual connecting the R U S Neva with the head waters of the Volga opens au inland water communication between the Baltic and the Caspian, and it is supposed that 4,000 ves- sels pass on this route annually between St. Pe- tersburgh and Astracan. The chief seaports of Russia are Cronstadt and Riga on the Baltic, Archangel on the White sea t and Odessa on the Black sea. The chief exports are hemp, flax, leather, tallow, potash, wax, soap, timber, pitch, tar, train oil, peltry, and iron in bars. The imports are sugar, coffee, cotton, and other colonial goods. The annual value of the imports varies from JO to 15 millions sterling, and that of the exports is nearly the same. The established religion is that of the Greek church, with a free toleration, however, of all sects, even Mahometans. The number of Cath- olics is estimated at 5,500,000 ; of Lutherans, 2,500,000; Mahometans, 3,000,000. The num- ber of churches throughout the empire is nearly 20,000 ; that of priests about 68,000. Russian literature is as yet in its infancy. The professors, and higher teachers in the towns, are foreigners, generally Germans. The Russian government was till lately an ab- solute monarchy. The title of the sovereign is emperor and autocrat of all the Russias. The present emperor has declared the Russian govern- ment to be a constitutional monarchy, and has given the senate the right of remonstrating against any ukase or edict contrary to law. The national debt is about 35,000,000 ster- ling ; the interest at 7 per cent is 2,250,000. The total revenue of Russia is loosely estimated at 15,000,000 sterling. The army, according to the return of 1819, consisted of 778,000 men, exclusive of militia and irregular troops of various descriptions | viz. in- fantry, 565 battalions, 613,000 men ; cavalry, 563 squadrons, 118,000 men; artillery, 47,000 men. The naval force of Russia consisted, in 1820, of 30 ships of the line, 20 frigates, 15 sloops, and 200 galleys. The men fit for the duty of the navy, who can be called forth in time of war, are be- tween 30,000 and 40,000. Russia, Black, formerly the name of a subdi- vision of Lithuania, which now forms a part of the government of Minsk, in European Russia, Russia-, Great, the former name of a large pror- ince of European Russia, extending from the Fro- zen ocean to about the middle of the course of the Don. It is now divided into 19 governments. Russia, Little, was that part of the empire that lay to the south of Great Russia, and now forms the governments of Czernigov, Cherson, Kiev. Ekaterinoslav, and Poltava. Russia, Red, formerly an independent dutchy, which formed the palatinates of Chelm, Belcz, and Lemberg in Poland, and now belongs partly to Russia, but more to Austria. Russia, White, was a part of Lithuania, which now forms the governments of Smolensk, Mohilev, Vitepsk, and a small part of that of Minsk. Russia, p-t. Herkimer co. N. Y. on West Cana- da creek, 26 m N. Herkimer. Pop. 1,685. Russoolporr, t. Hind, in Oude. Lon. 74 58' E- Lat. 2V .07 N. Rvssou, t. Hind, in Nepaul. Lon. 85 40' E. S'N. Russwyl, t. Switz. 9 m. W. by N. Lucerne. Rufl,i. Hungary, 31 m. S. S. E. Vienna, 4 E. N. E. Oedenburg. Lon. 16 28' IK E. Lat. 47" 40'40''N. Pop. 1,100. RUT Rust, t. Baden, 20 m. N. N. W. Freyburg, 4 W. Ettenheim. Pop. 1,500. Rust, small isl. in the North sea, 70m. from the coast of Norway. Lat. 67 5' N. Rustenberg, t. Prussian Saxony, 9 m. W. Heihg- enstadt. Ru Sloir, promontory of Scotland, m Suther- landshire. Lon. 2 4' W. from Edinburgh. Lat. 58 13' N. Rustschuk, Ruscek, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bulga- ria, at the influx of the Cara Lorn into the Dan- ube. It has a castle of considerable strength, with a population of 24,000, composed of Greeks, Turks, Armenians, and Jews, 40m. E. Nicopoli, 55 W. Semendria. Lon. 25 15' E. Lat. 43 52' N. Ruswarp, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, on the banks of the Esk, li m. S. W. by W. Whitby. Pop. 1,498. Ruthev, or Ruden, t. Prussian States, 20 m. S. W. Paderborn. Pop. 1,600. Rutherford, co. in the W. part of N. C. Pop. 15,351. Slaves 3,371. Engaged in agriculture 4,744, in commerce 24, in manufactures 157. Rutherford, co. W. Tennessee. Pop. 19,552. Slaves 5,187. Engaged in agriculture 4,930, in commerce 49, in manufactures 414. Chief town, Murfreesborough. Rutherfordton, p-t. and cap. Rutherford co. N. C. 45 m. S. Morgantown. Here is an academy. Rutherglen, a royal burgh, Scotland, in Lanark co. near the Clyde, 2 m. above Glasgow. Pop. 1,630. Ruthin, t. Wales, in Denbigh co. near the Clywd. 15 m. S. W. Holly well. Lon. 3 17' W. Lat. 53 7' N. Pop. 1,292. Rutigliano, t. Naples, in Bari, 20 m. W. Mon- opoli. Pop. 4,300. Rutlamgur, t Hind, in Malwah. Lon. 75 26' E. Lat. 23 46' N. Rutland, county, Eng. bounded W. by Leices- tershire, N. and E. by Lincolnshire, and S. E. and S. by Northamptonshire. Area, 200 square miles. Pop. 16,380. Rutland, small isl. near the W. coast of Ireland. Lon. 8 22' W. Lat. 54 58' N. Rutland, co. Vt. bounded N. by Addison co. E. by Windsor co. S. by Bennington co. and W. by New-York and Lake Champlain. Pop. 29,983. Engaged in agriculture 4,169, in commerce 76, in manufactures 1,137. Chief town, Rutland. Rutland, p-t. and cap. Rutland co. Vermont, on Ottrr creek, 55 miles from its mouth, in Lake Champlain, 57 m. N. Bennington, 45 W. by N. Windsor, 60 S. E. Burlington, 33 S. S. E. Middle- bury. Lat. 43 35' N. Lon. 72 51' W. Pop. 2,369. In the centre of the town is a high hill, on which is a pleasant village containing the county build- ings. Pipe clay is found here, which has been wrought into crucibles, that prove very durable. Rutland, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 14 m. N. W. Worcester, 52 W. Boston. Pop. 1,262. Rutland, p-t. Jefferson co. N. Y. on Black river, 170 m. N. W. Albany. Pop. 1,946. Rutland, p-t. Gallia co. Ohio. Rutland, t. Meigs co. Ohio. Pop. 725. R Z E 661 Rutledge, p-t. and cap. Granger co. Ten. N. E. of Knoxville. Rutnagiry, t. Hind, in Bejapore, on the sea coast. Lon. 73 3' E. Lat. 17 1' N. Rultunpore, t. Hind, in Gundwaneh. Lon. 82 35' E. Lat. 22 16' N. There are several other places of this name in Hindostan, but none other of consequence. Ruvo, t. Naples, in Bari, 6 m. S. Trani, 20 W. Bari. It is the see of a bishop. Pop. 3,300. Ruysbeke, v. Netherlands, in South Brabant, 7 m. S. S. W. Brussels. Pop. 2,100. Ruyselede, t. Netherlands, in West Flanders, 14 m. S. S. E. Bruges, 15 W. Ghent. Pop. 5,400. Ryacotta, t. India, in Baramaul. Lon. 78 17' E. Lat. 12 33' N. Ryagudd, t. Hind, in Orissa. Lon. 83 27' E. Lat. 19 1' N. Ryan, Loch, a bay of Scotland, in Wigtonshire. Rybensk, t. Eu. Russia, on the Wolga, 56 m. N. W. Jaroslav. Pop. 2,200. Rychoor, t. Hind, in Bejapore. Lon. 77 17' E. Lat.' 15 59' N. Rydroog, district, Hind, in Bijanagur. Rydroog the capital, is in Ion. 77 2' E. lat. 14" 19' N. Rye, t. and borough, Eng. in Sussex, and one of the Cinque Ports, on the coast of the British chan- nel, at the mouth of the Rother. 34 m. S. E. Tunbridge, 63 S. E. London. Lon. 44' E. Lat. 5157'N. Pop. 2,681. Rye, t. Denmark, in North Jutland, 18 m. W. Aarhuus. Rye, t. Rockingham co. N. H. on the coast, 4 m. S. Portsmouth. Pop. 1,127. Rye, p-t. West Chester co. N. Y. on Long Island sound, 28 m. N. E. New- York. Pop. 1,342. Rye, t. Cumberland co. Pa. on the W. side of the Susquehannah. Pop. 1,233. Rye, t. Perry co. Pa. Pop. 1,740. Ryegate, borough t. Eng. in Surrey. It sends two members to parliament. 16 m. E. Guilford, 51 S. London. Lon. 13' W. Lat. 51 14 N. Pop. 1,128. Ryegate, p-t. Caledonia co. Vt. on Connecticut river, 22 m. E. Montpelier. Pop. 994. Ryepoor, t. Hind, in Gundwaneh. Lon. 82* 26' E. Lat. 21 17' N. Rylsk, t. Eu. Russia, in Kursk, at the conflu- ence of the Sem and Ryla, 52 m. W. S. W. Kursk. It is a bishop's see. Pop. 4,600. Rynabad, t. Bengal, in Jessore. Lon. 89 44' E. Lat. 2242'N. Ryppin, t. Poland, 32 m. E. by N. Thorn. Pop. 1,000, Ryabergen, v. Netherlands, in North Brabant. 6 m. S. by W. Breda. Pop. 1,200. Ryssen, t. Netherlands, in Overyssel, 16 m. E. N. E. Deventer. Pop. 1,500. Ryswik, v. Netherlands, in Holland, 2 m. S. E. Hague. Pop. 1,700. Rzeczica, t. Russian Lithuania, on the Dnieper, 152 m. S. S. E. Minsk. Rsessow, one of the circles of Austrian Poland* Pop. 225,000. Rzeszow, t. and cap. of the above circle, on the Wisloka, 70 m. W. Lemberg, 80 E. Cracow. Pop, 4,600. 662 SAB SAC SA, or SAH, v. on the ruins of Sais, formerly the metropolis of Lower Egypt, 18 m. S. S. E. Faoua. Saade, t. Arabia, the most important in the Sa- han, or mountainous district of Yemen. It is the residence of a chief, who assumes the title of Imam. 368 m. N. N. E. Mocha. Saalfeld, t. Germany, dutchy of Saxe-Coburg, on the Thuringian Saale. It was formerly the chief town of a small principality of the house of Saxe, but the family became extinct in 1749. 50 m. Vv'. S. W. Altenburg. Pop. 3,700. Saaifdd, or Zellwald, t. East Prussia, 67 m. S. S. W. Konigsberg. Pop. 1,300. Saa/felden, t. Austria, on the river Salza, 28 m. S. S. W. Salzburg. Pop. 1,000. Saalmunster, t. Germany, in Hesse-Cassel, on the Kinzig, 24 m. S. S. W. Fulda. Pop. 1,350. Saane, Sane, or Sarine, r. Switz. which falls in- to the Aar, 7 m. W. Bern. Saanen, in French Gessenai, t. Swiss canton of Bern, 24 m. S. Friburg, 25 E. S. E. Lausanne. Soar . See Sarre. Saarbruck, t. Prussian province of the Lower Rhine, on the river Sarre, 18 m. E. Luxemburg, 9 S. Treves. Pop. 2,700. Saargsmund. See Sargucmine. Saar-Louis, t. Prussian province of the Lower Rhine, 1 1 m. N. W. Saarbruck, 34 E. Thionville. Pop. 4, 100. Soar Union, t, France, on the Saar, in Lower Rhine, 45 m. N. E. Nancy. Lon. 7 5' E. Lat. 48 56' N. Saatz, circle, Bohemia, lying contiguous to the Saxon frontier. Area, 820 square iiiiles. Pop. 1 14,000. Saalz, the capital, is on the Egra, 89 m. W. by N. Prague, 28 E. Carlsbad. Lon. 1335'E. Lat 50 18' 35'' N. Pop. 3,800. Saba, isl. in the W. Indies, belonging to the Dutch, 12 miles in circumference. 13 m. N. W. St. Eustatius, 30 S. W. St. Bartholomew. Lon. 63 12' W. Lat. 17 40' N. Pop. 1,600. Sabagan Islands, small islands in the Red sea. Lon. 41 54' E. Lat. 14 55' N. Sabi, or Xavier, t. Africa, in the kingdom of Whidah, and residence of the sovereign before the subjection of the country to the king of Dahomey. It stands on the river Euphrates, about a mile from the sea. Sabia, a country of Eastern Africa, situated to the south of Sofala, traversed by a river of the same name, which falls into the Indian ocean, in lat.2110'S. Sabine, r. N. America, which forms the boun- dary between Louisiana and the Spanish prov- ince of Texas, and flows into the Gulf of Mexico, 250 m. W. of the Balize. It is navigable 280 miles. Near its mouth it expands into a broad lake, and again contracts into a river. Sabine, isl. in the Polar sea, lying N, W. and S. E. Lon. of the S. extremity 109 IV W. Lat. 75 32TN. Sabino, a province of the Popedom, bounded by the dutchy of Spoleto, the Neapolitan frontier, the Tibez, and the Teverone. The capital is Magliano. Sabio,i. Austrian Italy, in the Bresciano, on the Chiesa, 13 m. N. E. Brescia. Sabioncello, or Sabioneira. peninsula of Aus- trian Dalmatia, which has the islands of Curzolo and Meleda on the S. and on the N. the island of Lesina. 45 m. N. W. Ragusa. Lon. 17 40' E. Lat. 43 15 'N. Sabionelta, t. Austrian Italy, in the Mantuan, 19 m. S. S. W. Mantua. Lon. 10 30' 5" E. Lat. 44 59' 47" N. Pop. 6,000. Sablanceaux, fort, France, on the isle of Rhe, dep. of Lower Charente. 15 m. S. by W. Saintes. Sable, t. France, in Sarthe, at the junction of the rivers Sarthe and Erve. 40 m. S. W. Le Mans, 27 S. E. Laval. Lon. 15' W. Lat. 47 51' N-. Pop. 3, 100. Sable, r. N. Y. which forms the boundary be- tween Essex and Clintpn counties, and flows into Lake Champlain. Adgate's falls, in this river, is in the town of Chesterfield. The river here falls perpendicularly 80 feet. The banks of the river for a mile below are a regular wall of rock, JOO feet high. Sable, isl. of the Atlantic, 90 m. S. E. Cape Breton. Lon. 59 50' W. Lat. 44 15' N. Sabk, Cape, the S. W. point of Nova Scotia. Lon. 65 39' W. Lat. 43 24' N. Sable Point, point on the W. side of Newfound- land. Lon. 57 35' W. Lat. 50 24' N. Sables cPO/onne, Les, s-p. France, in La Ven- dee, 45 m. S. Nantes. Lon. 1 42' W. Lat. 46 30 N. Pop. 5,200. Saboe. See Seboo. Sabolcs, a palatinate in the east of Hungary, bounded W. and N. by the great river Theys?. Extent, 2,120 square miles. Pop. 135,000. Sabon, isl. at the S. entrance of the straits of Malacca, 24 miles in circumference, separated from Sumatra by a navigable channel. Lon. 103* 21' E. Lat. 42' N. Sabou, or Saivu, isl. in the Eastern seas, near Timor, 10 leagues long. Sabrao, isl. in the Eastern seas, 100 miles in cir- cumference, separated from the island of Flore* by a narrow channel. Lon. 123 20' E. Lat. 8 8'S. Sabres, t. France, in Landes, 18 m. N. N. E. Tartas. Pop. 1,800. Sabrerois, seignory, Bedford co. Lower Cana- da, on the river Sorel, 30 m. S. E. Montreal. Sabugal, t. Portugal, in Beira, 7 m. W. N. W. Alfayates. Pop. 1,400. Sac, r. S. Africa, which falls into the Orange river, 90m. from its mouth. Sacandaga, r. N. Y. which receives numerous streams, and runs into the Hudson, 8 m. S. W. of Lake George. Sacarappa, p-v. in Westbrook, Cumberland co Maine, on the Presumpscut. Here are 14 sav mills. 4 m. from Portland, SAD Sacchetla, t. Austrian Italy, in the Mincio, 10 m. S. E. Mantua. Sace, t. France, in La Manche, 13 m. S. E. Avranches. Pop. 1,600. Sachsa, t. Prussian Saxony. 26 m. E. by N. Got- tingen. Pop. 1,150. Sachsenhausen. See Frankfort on the Maine. Sachsenheim, t. Wirtemberg, 3 m. N. Mark Groningen. Pop. 1,100. Sadie, t. Austrian Italy, 10 m. E. Cemeda, 31 W. Udina. Sachet's Harbor, p-v. and port of entry in the town of Hounsfield, Jefferson co. N. Y. on Black river bay, a branch of Hungry bay, at the E. end of Lake Ontario. The harbour is perhaps the best on Lake Ontario. It is well situated both for shelter and defence, and is sufficiently deep for the largest vessels. Here are several ships of war built during the late war, and among them two ships of the line of the first rate. Very excellent stone barracks stand upon the bank of the bay, about 400 yards east of the village. 78 m. N. Utica, 176 N. W. Albany. The shipping in 1816 amounted to 616 tons. Pop. 1,337. Sackingen, t. Baden, on the Rhine, 17 m. E. Bale. Pop. 950. Sackville, t. Westmoreland co. New-Brunswick, on Chegnecto basin. Saco, r. N. H. the principal source of which is in a pond in the Notch of the White mountains, only 60 rods from the Ammonoosuc. Another branch rises near the summit of the mountains, and descending in a succession of the most romantic cascades joins the main stream near the gap. At Bartlett the united stream receives Ellis river also rising high in the mountains. It then runs S. E. into Maine and runs into the sea, between Saco and Biddeford. It has falls 6 miles from its mouth, which obstruct the navigation. Saco, p-t. and port of entry, York co. Maine, on the N. E. side of Saco river, at its mouth, 15 m. S. W. Portland, 29 N. E. York, 103 N. N. E. Bos- ton. It is well situated for trade and manufac- tures. The principal village is at the falls in Sa- eo river, which furnish numerous sites for mills and manufacturing establishments. Here is a bank, and an academy. Pop. 2,532. Sacratiff, cape of Spain, on the coast of Grana- da. Lon. 3 27' W . Lat. 36 41' N. Sacrificios, isl. of the Pacific ocean, near the coast of Mexico. Lon. 98 6' W. Lat. 15 40' N. Sadava, t. Spain, in Arragon,20 m. S. Saugues- sa, 47 N. W. Saragossa. Sadberge, or Sadbergh, v. Eng. in Durham, 4 m. . N. E. Darlington. Pop. 396. Saddleback, mountain in Adams and Williams- town, Mass. It consists of 2 summits ; the N. and the S. The S. is the highest, and is 3,700 feet above the valley below. It is the highest land in Massachusetts. Saddlehill, promontory, on the N. W. coast of America. Lon. 124 W. Lat. 46 25' N. Saddle Ricer, t. Bergen co. N. J. Pop. 2,29 1 . Saddle River, t. and cap. Salem co. N. J. on Delaware river. Pop. in 1810, 929. Suddleioorlh, v. Eng. in Yorkshire, 10 m. S. W. Huddersfield. Sadia, s-p. on the W. coast of Madagascar. Lat. 19 5 'S. Sadras, L Hind, in the Carnatic. Lon. 80 16' E. Lat. 12 27' N. Sadsbury, t. Crawford co. Pa. Pop. 789. Sadsbury, t. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 1,539. Sadsbury, i. Lancaster co. Pa. Pop. 1,117. SAG 663 Saebye, s-p. Denmark, in Jutland, 30 m. N. E. Aalborg. Lon. 10 33' 9" E. Lat. 57 20' 2"N. Pop. 400. Safad, or Saphet, (an. Japha,} v. Palestine, on a hill overlooking the W . coast of the Lake of Ti- berias. 65 m. S. W. Damascus. Saffi, or Azajfi) s-p. Morocco, cap. of the prov- ince of Abda. It was long the centre of Europe- an commerce, and the French had several facto- ries here, which are now transferred to Mogodor. Lon. 9 5 W. Lat. 32 20' N. Pop. 12,000. Saffron Walden, t. Eng. in Essex, 27 m. N. W. Chelmsford, 42 N. by E. London. Lon. 14' E. Lat. 52 2' N. Pop. 3,403. Sagadahoc, r. Maine, which joins the Andros- coggin, in Rumford. Sagadahoc,, the name formerly applied to most of that part of Maine which lies east of the Ken- nebeck. Sagamond. See Sangamoin. Sagan, t. Prussian States, on the ri:ht bank of the Bober, 83 m. N.W: Breslau, 80 E. N. E. Dres- den. Lon. 15 22 30" N. Lat. 51 42' 12" N. Pop. 4,700. Saganaw Bay, a large bay of Michigan Territo- ry, which sets up from Lake Huron between Point aux Barques on the S. in N. lat. 44 42' 46", and Point au Sable on the North. The course of the bay is nearly south ; it extends in length about 60 miles, and is 30 miles wide at its mouth. It is navigable for vessels of any burden, and its numerous coves and islands afford good harbors. At its southern extremity it receives Saganaw river. Saganaw river, r. Michigan, which rises in the interior under the name of Flint river, and pursu- ing a course S. of E. for more thanlOO m. is joined by theSciawassa Titabawassa and Cass rivers, thence the united stream takes the name of Saganaw, and flowing about 32 miles, empties itself into Sag- anaw bay. It may be easily rendered navigable for boats of considerable burden for 60 miles. The lands on this river are among the best in Michigan* They were recently sold to the U. States by the Chippeway and Ottawa Indians, and will probably be rapidly settled. Here is a fort with a garrison. The Northern Missionary Society contemplate es- tablishing a mission family at the principal village of the Chippeways, 14 miles up the river. Saganeer, t. Hind, in Ajmeer. Lon. 75 50' E. Lat. 26 40' N. Saganeer, t. Hind, in Gunwaneh. Lon.79 18' E. Lat. 21 34' N. Saganian, r. Great Bukharia, which falls into the Oxus, at Termed. Sagara, the ancient Helicon, a mountain of Greece, a few miles N. of the gulf of Corinth. Sagard, t. Prussian States, on the N. point of the island of Rugen, 22 m. N. E. Stralsund. Pop, 700. Sagaluck, r. Ct. which runs into Long Island sound, between Fairfield and Norwalk, forming a harbor at its mouth. Sagatuck, p-v. in Fairfield, Ct. 2 m. from the mouth of the river. Here is an academy. Sagendago, a head branch of Hudson's river. Its mouth is about 20 miles W. of Fort Ann. Sagh, or Ipoly-Sagh, t. Hungary, 22 m. N. by W. Waitzen, 29 N. Buda. Saghalien, called also OkuJesso, or Upper Jesso, and by the natives Tchoka, a large island at the E. extremity of Asia, immediately N. of the large island of Jesso or Matsmai. It is 450 miles long 664 S A H and from 40 to 130 broad, and separated from the continent by a narrow channel, called the chan- nel of Tartary. Lat. 50 to 54 N. Lon. 144 to 147 E. Saghalien River. See Amur. Saghalien Oula-Hotun, fortified t. in the coun- try of the Mantchou Tartars, on the Saghalien, 450 m. N. E. Peking. Sag Harbor, p-v. and port of entry, in the township of Southampton, Suffolk co. N.Y. on the great bay that divides the east end of Long Island, 110 m. E. of the city of New York. It contains 135 dwelling houses, 15 stores, 2 rope- walks, 1 spermaceti candle factory, 3 extensive salt works, and 2 houses of public worship. 1 for Presbyte- rians, and 1 for Methodists. It has a good harbor and considerable trade. The shipping owned here in 1820, was 5,735 tons, 2,262 of which was employed in the whale fishery on the coast of Pat- agonia and in the Pacific ocean; 319 tons in the cod fishery, and 3, 140 in the coasting trade. The whale fishery employs more than 200 men, and produces annually 8,500 barrels of oil. Pop. 1,296. Sagne, v. Switz. in Neufchatel, 8 m. W. N. W. Neufchatel. Pop. 1,300. Sagona, t. on the VV. coast of Corsica, between Calvi and Ajaccio. Sagor, or Ganga Sagor, isl. Bengal, at the en- trance of the Hoogly, or Bhagarutty river. A society in Calcutta has lately taken a lease of this island from the East India Company, and has en- gaged to clear and bring it into a state of cultiva- tion in a few years. Its S. point is in Ion. 88 20' E. Lat. 21" 34' N. Sagres, t. Portugal, in Algarva, 17 m. VV. S. W. Lagos, 1 16 S. Lisbon. Lon. 9 W. Lat. 37 N. Sagua Islands, small islands in the Spanish Main, 15 m. from the isthmus of Darien. Lon. 78 4' W. Lat. 9 18' N. Saguenay, large r. Canada, which falls into the St. Lawrence in Ion. 69 40' W. lat. 48 N. It rises from Lake St. John, in 48 20' N. lat. and 72 30' W. Ion. The banks of this river throughout its course are very rocky, and immensely high. Its current is broad, deep, and uncommonly vehe- ment. Saguenay River, Little, r. Labrador, which runs S. and empties into the St. Lawrence E. of the Seven isles, in Ion. 65 VV. lat. 50 18' N. Sagur,t. Hind, in Malwah. Lon. 78 53' E. Lat. 23 45' N. Sagy, t. France, in Saone-and-Loire, 30 m. N.E. Macon. Pop. 2,100. Sahagun, t. Spain, in Leon, 50 m. S. E. Leon. Pop. 4,000. Sahara, or the Great Desert, an immense terri- tory in Northern and Central Africa, lying be- tween the states of Barbary on the N. and Soudan, or the countries watered by the Niger on the S. and stretching from the Atlantic on the W. with few interruptions to the Nile on the E. being by far the most extensive desert in the world. It presents, almost throughout, the spectacle of a na- ked burning plain of sand, destitute alike of water or vegetation, and unfit for the support of human life. It is only occasionally diversified by oases or islands, where the supply of water admits of a certain degree of verdure and cultivation With the aid of the camel, caravans of merchants regu- larly cross these dreary wilds, in various direc- tions. Water is conveyed in goat skins covered with tar to prevent evaporation. At each of the S A I oases, or spots affording water, the caravan stops for a few days to take in a supply. The greatest evil which they have to fear is when, in conse- quence of a peculiarly dry season, one of these springs happens to fail. Thus, in 1798, a caravan from Morocco, consisting of 2,000 men, with 1,800 camels, entirely perished. Saharunpore, district, Hind, in Delhi, between the Jamna and Ganges, in about 31 N. lat. The soil is extremely fertile, producing all kinds of grain, sugar, indigo, cotton, and tobacco. In 1803, the British became masters of this valuable dis- trict. Saharunpore, the capital, is near the river Jumna, in Ion. 77 23' E. lat. 30" 15' N. Sahebgunj, t. Hind. cap. of Jessore, 80 m. E. N. E. Calcutta. Sahlaydun, t. Birman empire, on the W. bank of the Irrawuddy. Lon. 94 40' E. Lat. 18 35' N. Sai, t. Bambarra, in Africa, 26 m. S. W. Sego. Saiansk, t. Russia, in Kolivan, on the Enisei. Lon. 92 14' E. Lat. 52 24' N. Said, or Sahid, a name applied to Upper Egypt, comprehending the territory extending along the Nile, from the vicinity of Cairo, to the frontier of Nubia. Saida, or Seida, seaport, Syria, on the site of the ancient Sidon, celebrated as the most ancient of the Phenician cities. Although much decayed from its ancient greatness, it retains still some im- portance as the port of Damascus. The magnifi- cent harbor, composed of vast moles stretching out into the sea, is now entirely destroyed. The French have a consul here, and five or six commer- cial houses. The exports consist of corn, silk, raw and spun cotton, particularly the last. 55 m. from Damascus. Lon. 35 14' E. Lat. 33 26' N. Pop. 7,000. Saillans, t. France, in Drome, 9 m. S. W. Die. Pop. 1,500. Saima, large lake, Finland, to the N. of Wil- manstrand, 250 miles long. Sain, isl. on the W. coast of France, at the S. point of the bay of Brest, 3 m. W. Quimper. Sains, v. France, in Aisne, 7 m. W. Vervins. St. AWs Head, cape, Scotland, in the German sea, 14 m. N. N. W. Berwick. Lon. 2 12' W. Lat. 55 50' N. St. Adrian, t. Netherlands, 10 m. S. E. Ghent. St. Again di Gothi, t. Naples, in Principato Ul- tra, 15 m W. S. W. Benevento. St. Agnes, one of the Scilly islands, on which is a light house. Lon. 6 20' W. Lat. 49 53' 30" N. See Scilly Islands. St.Agreve, t. France, in Ardeche, 18 m. N. N. W. PrivasriS W. Tournon. Pop. 2,540. St. Aignan, t. France, in Loir-and-Cher, 19m. S. Blois, 16 W. S. W. Romorantin. Lon. 1 27' E. Lat . 48 15' N. Pop. 2,500. St. Aignan, isl. in the Pacific. Lon. 152 56' E, Lat. 10 41' 19"S. St. Albain, t. France, in Lozere, 4$ m. E. St. Chely, 15 N. N. W. Mende. Pop. 2,100. St. Allan, t. France, in Gard, with a mineral spring. 3 m. N. Alais. St. Alban, t. Savoy, 6 m. W. Chamberry. Pop. 1,000. In its neighborhood are considerable iron mine?. St. Alban' s, t. Eng. in Hertford co. 13 m. W. S. W. Hertford. Lon. 21' W. Lat. 51 46' N. St. Albania, t. Somerset co. Maine, 30 m. E. Nor- ridgewock. Pop. 371. St. Alban's, p-t. and cap. Franklin co. Vt. on Lake Champlain, 23 m. N. Burlington. Pop.1,636. S A I The village contains a court-house and jail, and an academy. St. Atbans, p-t. Licking co. Ohio. Pop. 361. St. Alban's Head, a cape of England, on the coast of Dorsetshire, in the English channel, 18 m. E. Wey mouth. Lon. 2 10' VV. Lat. 50 4' N. St. Alcaire, t. France, in Dordogne, 15 m. S. Perigueux. Pop. 1,800. St. Amand, France, in Puy de Dome, 7 m. S. Clermont, 10 N. N. W. Issoire. Pop. 1,715. St. Amand, t. France, in Nievre, 9 m. N. E. Cosne, 7 S. St. Fargeau. Pop. 1,500. St. Amand, t. France, in North, on the Scarp, 6 m. W. Oonde, 18 S. E. Lille. Pop. 8,039. St. Amand de Boueux, t. France, in Charente, 9 m. N. Angouleme. Pop. 1,410. St. Amand Mont Rend, t. France, in Cher, 21 m. S. Bourges. Lon. 2 35' E. Lat. 46 43' N. Pop. 5,080. St. Amand de Vallhoret. t. France, in Tarn, 13 m. S. E. Castres. Pop. 2,015. St. Amans, t. France, in Lozere, 9 m. N. Mende. Pop. 3,380. St. Amarin, t. France, in Upper Rhine, 15 m. N. Besort. St. Ambrose, isl. near the coast of Chili. Lat. 26 ITS. St. Ambroix, t. France, in Card, 18 m. W. Pont St. Esprit, 9 N. N. E. Alais. Pop. 2,250. St. Anastasia. See Anastasia. St. Andre, t. Faance, in Eure, 9 m. S. S. E. Ev- reux. St. Andre, t. Austria, 20 m. E. N. E. Clagen- furt, 32 S. E. Muhrau. Lon. 14 32' E. Lat. 46 47' N. St. Andre de Culzac, t. France, in Gironde, 13 m. N. Bourdeaux. Pop. 2,580. St. Andre deSangonis, t. France, in Heratilt, 4 m. E. N. E. Clermont. Pop. 1,400. St. Andrea, isl. in the gulf of Venice. Lon. 13 43' E. Lat. 45 8' S. St. Andrea, t. Naples, in Otranto, 3 m. W. Ta- rento. St. Andreas, t. France, in Dordogne, 12 m. N. Bourdeaux. St. Andreas Berg, t. Prussian States, in West- phalia, in the Harz Forest, 10 m. S. S. E. Goslar. St. Andreia, small isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 188 14' E. Lat. 62 25' N. St. Andrew, r. Guinea, which runs into the At- lantic in Ion. 6 20 1 W. lat. 4 55' N. St. Andrew, parish, Charleston district, S. C. on the Ashley, above Charleston. St. Andrew's Islands, two islands in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 131 18' E. Lat. 5 18' S. St. Andrew's, a city, Scotland, in Fife co. with a safe and commodious harbor. Here is a univer- sity, consisting of two distinct colleges, in one of which the languages, philosophy, and the sciences are taught ; and the other is reserved exclusively for theology. A library common to both, con- tains about 36,000 volumes. The number of stu- dents during the session 1816-17, amounted to 175. 9 m. E. Cupar, 39 N. N. E. Edinburgh. Lon. 2 50 7 W. Lat. 56 19' 33" N. St. Andrews, t and port of entry, Charlotte co. New Brunswick, on a peninsula formed by the confluence of the St. Croix river with Passama- quoddy bay, opposite Robbinston (Maine.) It has of late increased considerably, and now con- tains about 1,000 inhabitants. The amount of shipping entered here in 1821, was 31,245 tons ; clearances, 28,402 tons. 67 m. S. W. St. John, 84 S A I 665 18 N. W. Eastport. On the E. side of the penin- sula is St. Andrews bay. St. Andrews, small bay, Florida, which sets up from the Gulf of Mexico and approaches within 8 miles of St. Rosa sound. St. Angela, t. Naples, in Lavoro, 9 m. S. E. Na- ples. St. Angela, t. Naples, in Principato Citra, 60 m. N. Policastro. St. Angela di Lombardi, t. Naples, in Principa- to (Jitra, 6 m. N. W. Conza. St. Angela, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, 10 m. E. S. E. Teramo. St. Angela, t. Naples, in Bari, 8 m. S. S. E. Bit- tetto. St. Angela, t. Naples, in Capitanata, 10 m. N, N. E. Lauria. Pop. 1 1,500. St Angela, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, 8 m, W. S. VV. Cariati Vecchia. St. Angela, t. Italy, in Milan, 6 m. S. S. W. Lodi St. Angela, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, 3 m. N. E. Scalea. St. Angela in Vado, t. Popedom, in the dutchy of L T rbino, the see of a bishop. 12 m. S. W. Urbi- no. Lon 12 28' E. Lat. 43 43' N. St. Angelon, t. Naples, in Basilicata, 13 m. S. S. W. Matera. St. Ann, t. Guadaloupe, on the S. coast. Lon, 61 27 W. Lat. 1621'N. Si. Ann, or Annimpig Lake, a lake of Canada, It empties into James bay through Albany river. Lon. 88 15' W.' Lat. 49 30' N. St. Ann. See Zarpana. St. Anna, t. Italy, 6 m. S. W. Ravenna. St. Anna, small isl. in the Atlantic, near the coast oi Africa, a little to the S. E. of St. Thomas. St. Anna, small isl. in the Atlantic, near the coast of Brazil, 20 m. N. E. Maranhao. St. Anna, t. Brazil, in Ilheos, 20 m. S. W. St. Jorge. St. Anna. See Arrayal de St. Anna. St. Anna, t. Buenos Ayres, 200 m. E. Corrien- tes. St. Anna-ter-Muyden, t. Netherlands, 2 m. W. Sluys. St. Annaberg, t. Germany, 14 m. S. Chemnitz, 38 S. W. Dresden. Lon. 12 58' E. Lat. 50 30' N. St. Annaperg, t. Austria, 20 m. S. St. Polten. St. Ann's, port on the E. coast of the island of Cape Breton. Lon. 60 W. Lat. 47* N. St. Ann's, t, New-Brunswick, on St. John's riv- er, 3 m. S. Fredericktown. Lon. 66 46' VV. Lat. 46 2' N. St. Ann's Bay, bay of the island of Jamaica. Lon. 77 3' W. Lat. 18 58' IS 7 . St. Ann's Bay, bay of Mexico, in the bay of Campeachy. Lou. 94 46' W. Lat. 18 10' N. St. Ann's Head, cape on the S. E. coast of the island of Man, 5 m. N. E. Longness Point. St. Anne, cape, Africa, on the coast of Guinea. Lat. 7 5' N. St. Anne, seignory, St. Maurice co. Lower Canada, on the St Lawrence, at the confluence of St. Anne river, 28 m. N. E. Three Rivers, It has a village of about 30 houses, St. Anne, or La Pocadiere, seignory, Cornwal- lis co. Lower Canada, on the S, side of the St. Lawrence, 62 m. N. E. Quebec. i. Lawrence, 50 miles above Quebec. 6V. Antheme, t. France, in Puy de Dome, 7 in. E. Amoert, 7 H. W Moutbrisou. Pop. 3,020. 67. Antitony^a Fails, falls in 'Mississippi river, in lat. 44" N. The river here descends perpendicu- larly 40 i'eet, with a formidable rapid above and below, making the whole descent in three-fourths of a mile, 65 feet. The appearance is beautiful and picturesque. In 1805, the government of the U. States purchased of the Indians a tract of land, around these falls, 9 miles square ; and in 1819, 300 soldiers were sent to occupy it as a military position. A fort has been erected on a high bluff at the junction of the river St. Peter's with the Mississippi, a spot which commands the naviga- tion of both rivers, and appears capable of being rendered impregnable with little expense. The climate is delightful, and the rich bottom and prai- rie lands which skirt the river yield corn, pota- toes, and all the common garden vegetables in rich abundance. As a military position, this place is of great importance, being in the neighborhood of many powerful Indian tribes, who have hereto- fore been under the exclusive influence of the British Fur companies. The garrison at the falls will have a ready access into the heart of the countries occupied by these tribes, by three dis- tinct channels of communication ; by the Missis- sippi, which is navigable towards the north, 600 miles above the falls ; by the St. Croix on the N. E. which joins the Mississippi just below the falls, and communicates with Lake Superior by a port- age of half a mile ; and by the St. Peter's on the N. W. which runs through the territory of the Sioux, the most powerful of the Indian tribes, and is navigable for several hundred miles. St. Anlioco, (an. Enosis,} isl. 2 miles from the S. W. coast of Sardinia. Lon. 8 34' E. Lat. 39 6 N. Si. Anloine Bay, or Lefebvre, seignory, Buck- ingham co. Lower Canada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 15m. S W. Three Rivers. 67. Antonio, the most northerly of the Cape Verd Islands. It is very elevated, some of the mountains being constantly covered with snow. On the N. side it has a. good road for shipping. Lon. '24 U 58' W. Lat. 17 2' N. Pop. about 4,000, chiefly negroes. St. Antonio, t. Mexico, cap. of Texas. Lon. 101 W. Lat. 29 50' N. Pop. 2,000. St. Antonio, t. Caraccas, on the N. bank of the Apure, where it divides into several branches to join the Arauca. St. Antonis in der Heyde, t. Prussian States, 14 m. N. \V. Dusbeldorl, 16 E. N. E. Ruremond. 67. Armand, seignory, Bedford co. Lower Can- ada, on Mi^isque bay, 40 m. S. E. Montreal. Pop. 2,500. St. Arnould, t. France, 27 m. S. S. W. Paris. 67. Asaph, t. Wales, in Flintshire, the see of a bishop, 30 m. \V. Chester. Lon. 3 40' W. Lat. 53 13' N. Pop. 2,520. St. Astier, t. France, in Dordogne, 9 m. S. VV. Perijjueux. Pop. 2,220. St. Aubin, t. isle of Jersey, with a safe harbour defended by a castle. 3 m. W. St. Helier. Lon. 2" 9' W. Lat. 48 38' N. St. Aubin d'Aubigne, t. France, in Ille-and- Vilaine, 9 m. N. Rennes. St. Aubin du Cormier, t. France, in Ille-and- Vilainfi, 10 m. N.VV. Vitre. 67. August in, mountain on the W. coast of N. America, at the entrance of Cook's river. St. Augustine, sea-port and cap. of Florida, is on the Eastern coast, opposite the inlet at the north point of St. Anastatia island. It is regular- ly laid out in the form of a parallelogram, the streets intersecting each other at right angles. The houses aie generally two stories high, and built of a species of stone peculiar to the country. The situation is pleasant ; the supply of fresh wa- ter abundant ; the atmosphere dry and healthful, and well adapted to northern constitutions. In- valids frequently resort hither for the benefit of the climate. The soil in the neighborhood is general- ly sandy, yet produces corn, garden vegetables, oranges and lemons in great perfection. The harbour is good, but there is a bar at its mouth which at the lowest tides will not admit vessels drawing more than 6 feet t of water ; there is however a roadstead outside of the bar which af- fords anchorage for larger vessels. The town and the entrance to the harbor are well defended by a strong fort, built entirely of hewn stone, and mounting 60 cannon. In the rear of the city, and nearly encircling it, but at too great a distance to affect the climate, is an impenetrable morass, on. the margin of which are erected six redoubts. Lat. 29 45' N. Lon. 81 30' W. Pop. estimated at 5,000. St Augustine, cape on the coast of Brazil. Lon. 35 11' W. Lat. 8 38' S. St. Augustine's Bay, bay on the W. coast of Madagascar. Lat. 23"'30'S. 67. Augustine' t River, r. Labrador, which runs into the gulf of St. Lawrence. Lon. 59 59' W. Lat. 51 15' N. St. Austle, t. Eng. in Cornwall, 14 m. E. N. E. Truro. Lon. 4 38 W. Lat. 50 21' N. Pop 3,686. St. Barbara, t. Sardinia, 14 m. S. S. W. Cag- liari. 67. Barnabe, seignory, Cornwallis co. Lower Canada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence. St. Barlhelemy, t. France, in Lot and Garonne, 8 m. N. Tonneins. Pop. 2,200. St. Bartholomeo, t. Naples, in Capitanata, 6 m. S. Volturara. Pop. 4,500. 67. Bartholomew, one of the Caribbee islands in the W. Indies, 15 miles in circumference. It is very fertile in sugar, cotton, tobacco, and indigo. It was ceded by France to Sweden in 1785. Lon. 6254'W. Lat. 17 53' N. St. Bartholomew, one of the new Hebrides isl- ands, in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 167 23' E. Lat. 15 41' S. St. Baume, t. France, 16 m. E. N. E. Mar- seilles. St. Beat, t. France, in Upper Garonne, on the Garonne, 32 m. S. E. Tarbes. St. Bte's Head, cape, Eng. in Cumberland. Lon. 3 32' W. Lat. 54 27' N. St. Bel, t. France, 10 m. W. Lyons. St. Benedetto, t. Italy, 15 m. S. S. E. Mantua. 67. Benito, isl. in the Pacific ocean, near the- coast of California, 20 m. N. W. Cerros. 67. Bertrand, Great, mountain of the Alps, be- tween Swiizerland and Piedmont, at the sources of the Eurance and the Doria. Its highest peak is 11,006 feet above the level of the sea. Be- tween the two main summits is one of the princi- pal passes from Switzerland to Italy. 67. Bertrand de Comingcs, t. France, in Upper Garonne, 25 m. E. S. E. Tarbes. 67. Blain, fief, Surrey co. Lower Canada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 16 m. N. E. Mon- treal. S A I SI. Bonifacio, t. Italy, 15 m. E. Verona. St. Bonnet de Bruyeres, t. France, in Rhone- and-Loire, 18m. N. Villefranche. SL Bonnet de Chavagne, t. France, in Isere, 4 m. S. W. St. Marcelin. St. Bonnet de Jouz, t France, in Saone-and- Loire, 6 m. N. E. Charolles, 9 W. Cluny. St. Boy, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 6 m. S. W. Bar- celona. St. Brainerd, parish, Louisiana. Pop. 2,635. Slaves 1,923. Engaged in agriculture 1,740. St. B ranees, t. France, in Indre-and-Loire, 12 m. S. Tours. St. Branchier, t. Switz. in the Valais, 12 m. S. W. Sion. St. Brelade's Bay, bay on the S. coast of the isl- and of Jersey, 5 m. W. St. Helier. St. Briac, t. France, in Ille and Vilaine, 10 m. N. Diarinan. St. Brice, t. France, in Ille and Vilaine, 7 m. W. Fougeres. St. Brice, t. France, in Seine and Oise, 9 m. N. Paris. St. Brice, t. France, in Yonne, 6 m. S. E. Aux- erre. St. Brice, t. France, in Marne, 3 m. N. W. Reims. St. Bride's Bay, bay of St. George's channel, on the VV. coast of Wales. Lon. 5 23 W. Lat. 51 48' N. Si. Brieuz, city, France, cap. of the dep. of the North coasts. It has a small harbour. 40 m. N. W. Rennes, 200 W. Paris. Lon. 2 40' W. Lat. 48 22' iN. Pop. 6,250. St. Brisson, t. France, in Loiret, 4 m. S. Gien, 2 W. Briare. St. Buono, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra, 15 m. N. E. Civita Borella. 67. Calais, t. France, in Sarte, 22 m. E. Le Mans. Lon. 049 / E. Lat. 47 55' N. St. Carlos, t. Caraccas, 85 m. S. W. Caraccas. Lon. 67 47' W. Lat 9 25' N. Pop. 9,500 St. Carlos de Monterey, the capital of New Cali- fornia, is on the bay of Monterey, in lat. 36 15' N. Pop. 700. The garrison consists of 60 or 80 sol- diers, who are all expert horsemen. St. Carlos, t. Cuba, 62 m. E. Havanna. St. Cataldo, t. Naples, in Otranto, on the coast, 8 m. E. Lecce. St. Catalina, isl. in the Pacific ocean, on the coast of Chili. Lat. 46 S. St. Catalina, isl. in the Caribbean sea. Lon. 81 W. Lat. 13 20' N. St. Cat.ierina, isl. in the gulf of Venice, near the coast oflstria. Lon. 13 44' E. Lat 45 9'N. St. Catfierina, isl. in the Mediterranean, near Rhodes. Lon. 27 33/ E. Lat. 36 5' N. St. Catherine's, isl. near the coast of Brazil, about 8 leagues long from N. to S., and separated from the mainland by a channel, in some places not half a league in length. It has a fertile soil, and produces rice, maize, coffee of excellent qual- ity, oranges, and a variety of other fruits. The isl- and with its dependencies contains about 30,000 inhabitants. Lon. 47 15' W. Lat. 27 10' S. St. Catherine" 1 g, the principal town of the above island, is on its E. shore ; and its port may be en- tered by ships of 300 tons burden. Pop. 5,000. St. Catherine's lxland, isl. off the coast of Geor- gia, at the mouth of Newport river. 57. Catherine'' 3 Sound, on the coast of Georgia, between St. Catherine and Ossabaw islands. Lon. 91 15' W. Lat. 31 38' N. S A I 667 St. Catherine de Fierbois, t. France, in Indre- and-Loire, 13 m. S. Tours. St. Catherine's Point, cape, on the S. coast of the Isle of Wi s ht. Lon. 1 19' W. Lat. 50 35' N. St. Celerin, v. France, in Sarte, 9 m. W. La Ferte Bernard. St. Cere, t. France, 21 m. E. N. E. Gourdan, 30 N.E. Cahors. Lon. 1 59' E. Lat. 44 51' N Pop. 3,798. St. Chamas, t. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone, 18 m. W. Aix, 6 S. Salon. Pop. 2,500. St. Chamond, t. France, in Rhone-and-Loire, 22 m. S. S. W. Lyons. Lon. 4 46' E. Lat. 45 28' N. St. Charles, r. Canada, which runs into the St. Lawrence, a little below Quebec. St. Charles, seignory, Richelieu co. Lower Can- ada, on the river Sorel, 20 m. E. Montreal. St. CharlcSy parish, Louisiana. Pop. 3,862. Slaves 2,987. Engaged in agriculture 2,382, in commerce 2. 67. Charles, p-t. Gei man coast co. Louisiana. St. Charles, co. Missouri, on the N. side of Mis- souri river, at its junction with the Mississippi. Pop. 3,970. Slaves 682. Engaged in agriculture 465, in commerce 34, in manufactures 96. 67. Charles, p-t. and cap. St. Charles co. Mis- souri, on the N. side of Missouri river, 21 miles from its mouth, 18 N. W. St. Louis. It is a hand- some and flourishing town, and contained in 1817, aboiu 1,000 inhabitants. It was originally settled by the French, but there are now many American settlers. St. Charles Yomaska, seignory, Richelieu co. Lower Canada, 35 m. E. Montreal. St. C/iefy d'dcpher, t. France, in Lozere, 21 m. N. N. W. Mende, 15 S. E. St. Flour. Lon. 3 21' E. Lat. 44 48' N. Pop. 2,013. St. Christiana, t. Spain, in Galicia. 67. Christina, one of the Marquis of Mendoza's islands in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 139" 7'E. Lat. 9 55' S. St. Christophe, t. France, in Indre-and-Loire, 15 m. N. N. W. Tours. 67. Christophe, t. France, in Isere, 6 m. S. W. Grenoble. St Christopher's, or St. Kilt's, isl. in the West Indies, belonging to the British, about 15 miles long and 4 broad, and contains 43,726 acres, of which about 17,000 acres are appropriated to the growth of sugar, and 4,000 to pasturage. The value of imports in 1810, was 253.611 ; of ex- ports 89,362. Pop. in 1805, 1,998 whites and free blacks, and 26,000 slaves. Lon. 62 49' W. Lat. 17" 19' N. 67. Christopher, r. Africa, which runs into the Indian sea. Lat. 32 20' S. Si Christopher, isl. in the straits of Mozambique. Lon. 43 10' E. Lat. 16" 50 S 67. Christoral, t. Brazil, in Bahia. It has a fine and well defended port, 20 m. N. E. Sergippe. Lon. 37 30' W. Lat. 12 40' S. St. Christoval, isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 152" 30' E. Lat. 6 50' S. St. Chrislovao, t. Brazil, near the coast, 20 m. N. E. Sergipo. Lat. 1 1 30' S. SI. Chrislovao, t. Brazil, 10 m. N. W. Rio Ja- neiro. 67. Cire, t. France, 3 m. N. Lyons. St. Clair, fief, Devon co. Lower Canada, 34 m. E. Quebec. St. Clair, lake, N. America, between la'ce Hu- ron and lake Erie, about 90 miles in circumfer- 668 S A I ence. It receives the waters of lake Huron through St. Clair river, and discharges itself into lake Erie through Detroit river. The bottom of the lake is said to be a perfect plain, the depth be- ing invariably 21 feet, except near the shore. St. Clair River, through which the Huron dis- charges its waters into lake St. Clair. It is about 40 miles long, and of a mile wide, and is navi- gable for large vessels, though there is a bar at the mouth where some are obliged to lighten. About a mile below lake Huron, on the W. bank of the river, stands fort Gratiot. St. Clair, t. Alleghany co. Pa. Pop. 4,142. St. Clair, t. Bedford co. Pa. Pop. 1,748. St. Clair, co. Alabama. Pop. 4,166. Slaves 553. Engaged in agriculture 774, in commerce 17, in manufactures 27. At the Court House is a post-office. St. Clair, t. Butler co. Ohio, on the Miami, opposite Hamilton. Pop. 1,307. St. Clair, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. Pop. 1,551. St. Clair, co. Illinois, on the Mississippi. Pop. 5,253. Engaged in agriculture 608, in commerce 12, in manufactures 64. Chief town, Cahokia. St. Claire sur Epte, t. France, in Eure, 27 m. S. E. Rouen. St. Claire, isl. in the Indian sea, near the E. coast of Madagascar. Lon. 47 10' E. Lat. 24 54' S. St. Clair s creek, r. Ohio, which runs into the W. side of the Ohio, below Hamilton. St. Clairsville, p-t. and cap. Belmont co. Ohio, 11 m. VV. Wheeling, 70 E. Zanesville. It is situ- ated on elevated ground, and contains a court- house, jail, market-house, a bank, a printing of- fice, and 3 churches, 1 each for Presbyterians, Quakers, and Methodists. Pop. 641. St. Clarde Lomagne, t. France, in Gers, 16 m. N. N. E. Auch. Lon. 51' E. Lat. 43 53' N. St. Clare, t. Wales, 10m. W.Carmarthen. St. Claude, t. France, in Jura, 18 m. N. W. Ge- neva. Lon. 5 57' E. Lat. 46' 33' N. Pop 2,600. S/. Claude, t. France, in Loir and Cher, 6 m. N. E. Blois. St. Clement, t. France, in Correze, 6 m. N. W. Tulle. St. Clement, isl. in the English channel, 2 m. S. Penzance. Lon. 5 35' W. Lat. 50 6' N. 57.. Clement de la Palace, t. France, in Maine- and-Loire, 7 m. N. W. Angers. St. Clemente, isl. in the Pacific ocean, 25 miles in circumference. Lon. 241 56' E. Lat. 33 N. St.Clovd, t. France, inCharente, 18 m. N. N. E. Angouleme. St. Cloud, t. France, near the Seine, 15 m. W. Paris. Si. Coloma, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 12 m. E. S. E. Cervera. St . Columb Major, t. England, in Cornwall. Lon. 4 47' W. Lat. 50 27' N. Pop. 2,070. St. Columbano, t. Italy, 8 m. S. Lodi. St. Come, t. France, in Aveyron, 15 m. N. E. Rhodez. St. Cornelius Munster, a princely abbey, Ger- many, 5 m. S. E. Aix-la-Chapelle. St. Cosmos, isl. in the gulf of Venice, near the coast of Friuli. Lon. 13 25' E. Lat. 45 46' N. 67. Cimlombe, t. France, in llle-and-Vilaine, 4 m. N. E. St. Malo. St. Croix, seignory, Buckingham co. Lower Canada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 25 m. S. W. Quebec. 57. Croix, r. Maine, called also Passamquoddy S A I and Schoodic, runs into Passamaquoddy bay. It it the boundary between the United States anti New Brunswick, from its mouth to its source. It is navigable for sea vessels 12 miles to the falls where there are extensive saw mills. Above the falls it receives the waters of a chain of lakes reaching almost to Penobscot river, and might also be ea- sily connected with the St. John and through the latter with the St. Lawrence. 57. Croix, small isl. in the river to which it gives name a few miles from its mouth. It was settled by the French in 1604, but afterwards abandoned ; and the commissioners appointed in 1797 for set- tling the boundary between the U. S. and the Brit- ish possessions were at a loss for the true St. Croix, till it was ascertained by the discovery of the ruins of the French settlement on this spot. St. Croix, r. N. W. Territory, which enters the Mississippi between St. Peter's and Lake Pe- pin. It is 100 yards wide at its mouth, and is con- nected, by a short portage, with Boisbrule a river of lake Superior. It is said to afford the most practicable communication between lake Superior and the Mississippi. The S. W. Fur Company have a fort on this river 100 m. from its mouth. St. Cyprian, t. Spain, in Galicia, on the N. coast, 20 m. N. Mondonedp. Lon. 7 18' W. Lat. 4342'N. St. Cyprian, t. Chili, on the coast of the Pacific ocean, 160 m. S. Valdivia. Lon. 74 W. Lat. 42 20 'S. St. Cyr, v. France, near Versailles. St. Cyr, t. France, in Indre-and-Loire, 2 m. N. W. Tours. St. David, t. Charlotte co. New Brunswick. St. David, or Tegapalnam, fort, Hindostan, on the coast of Coromandel, 13 m. .S. Pondicherry. Lat. 1 1 46' N. St. David's, t. Wales, in Pembroke, the see of a bishop. It is near the sea, 48 m. W. Caermarthen. Lat. 51 50' N. Pop. 1,816 57. Denis, t. France, in Aude, 12 m. N. W. Carcassonne. St. Denis, t. France, in Loiret, 9 m. E. Orleans. St. Denis, t. France, celebrated for its abbey, 5 m. N. Paris. St. Denis, t. of the isl. of Bourbon, and resi- dence of the governor. Lon. 55 20' E. Lat. 21* 50' S. St. Denis, fief, Cornwallis co. Lower Canada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 72 m. N. E. Quebec. St. Denis, seignory, Richelieu co. Lower Can- ada, on the river Sorel, 25m. N. E. Montreal. 57. Didier, t. France, in Upper Loire, 24 m. N. E. Le Puy. Pop. 3,200. 57. Didier, t. France, in Upper Loire, 9 m. E. S. E. Le Puy. 57. Die, t. France, in Loir-and-Cher, on the Loire, 10 m. N. E. Blois. 57. Diego, seaport on the W. coast of N. Amer- ica, in New Albion. Lon. 243 7 E. Lat. 32 42' N. St. Diego, t. New Mexico, on the Bravo, 25 m. N. W. Santa Fe ; another, 90 m. S. E. Santa Fe. St. Diey, t. France, in Vosges, 21 m. N. E. Re- miremont. Lon. 7 2' E. Lat. 48 17' N. Pop. 5,400. 57. Diomida, isl. Russia, in the Frozen ocean. Lon. 135 14' E. Lat. 78 40' N. 57. Diomida, isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 190 14' E. Lat. 63 15' N. St. Dionysio, r. South America, which runs into the Atlantic. Lat. 48 20' S. S A I Sl. Dmer, t. France, in Upper Marne, 157 m. S. S. E. Paris. Lon. 5 28' E. Lat. 48 37' N. Pop. 5,900. Sl. Domingo. See Hispaniola. St. Domingo, the capital of the Spanish part of Hispaniola, is on the W. margin of the river Oza- ma. Lon. 69 50' W. Lat. 18 28' N. Pop. 12,000. St. Domingo, or Cacheo, r. Africa, which runs into the Atlantic. Lon. 16 20' W. Lat. 12 8 N. Sl. Domingo Soriano, t. Buenos Ayres, at the union of the Rio Negro and Uraguay, 80 m. N. Buenos Ayres. Lat. 33 18 ' S. St. Domino, one of the Tremiti islands, in the Adriatic. Lon. 15 25' E. Lat. 42 8' N. St. Donaci, t. Naples, in Otranto, 10 m. S. S. W. Brindisi. Sl. Donut, t. France, in Drome, 6 m. N. E. Tain. Pop. 1,600. , St. EdmvjuA s Point, cape, Eng. on the coast of Norfolk, j^Tthe German sea. Lon. 28' E. Lat. 5258'Jr Si.4 miles long, and might easily be made nav- igable. St. Juan Batista, isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 149 W. Lat. 26 S. St. Juan de Buenavista, t. Cuba, on the N. coast. Lon. 77 U 57' VV. Lat. 22 2' rf. St. Juan de Los Llanos, province, New Granada, on the Orinoco, bounded N. by Varinas and Ven- ezuela, E. by Guiana, S. by Mamas, VV. by Po- payan and Santa Fe. St. Juan de los Remedies, t. Cuba, on the N. coast. Lon. 79 11 W. Lat. 22 30' N. St. Juan de Porto Rico, t. and cap. of the island of Porto Rico, on the N. coast of the island, with a good harbor, defended by a citadel. Lon. 66 20' W. Lat. 18 30' N. St. Juan Ouse, 9 m. S. S. W. Huntingdon, 55 N. London. Lou. 0" 16' W. Lat. 52" 1 1' N. Pop. 1 ,%'?;. .S'/. . V'W.v, f . Kn. j n Cornwall, 7 m. JO. Bodrnin, 22:; W. London. Pop. 1,041. St. ,\'irandro, t. Naples, in Capitanata, 6 m. E. Lesina. Pop. 7,000. St. .V/cf tolas, one of the Cape Verd islands. S A I Lou. 24 15' VV. Lat. 16 28' N. Pop. about 6,000. St. Nicholas, Cape, the N. W. extremity of Hia- paniola. Lon. 73 27' W. Lat. 19 51' N. St. Nicholas, r. Africa, which runs into the At- lantic, in iat. 13 50' S. Si. Nicholas, r. Africa, which runs into the At- lantic, in lat. 4 40' N. St. Nicola, t. Austria, on the Danube, 3 m. E. N. E. Grein. 67. Nicolas, t. Paraguay, 230 m. S. E. Assump- tion. St. Nicolas, t. Mexico, 130 m. N. W. Durango. St. Nicolas, t. Netherlands, in Flanders, 12 m, S.W. Antwerp, 15 E. Ghent. Pop. 1 1,500. St. Nicolas, t. Switz. 12 m. N. N. E. Berne. St. Nicolas, t. on the N. W. coast of Hispaniola, in a bay formed by Cape St. Nicholas, which af- fords an excellent harbor. Lon. 72 25' W.' Lat. 19 50' N. St. Nicolas de la Grave, t. France, in Tarn-and- Garonne, 15 m. W. Montauban. Pop. 2,300. St. Nicolas de Redon, t. France, in Lower Loire, 1 m. S. Redon, 15 N. W. Blain. 67. Nicolo, s-p. en the N. W. coast of the island of Santorin. Lat. 36 32' N. 67. Nicolo, isl. in the Grecian Archipelago, near the coast of Natolia. Lon. 27 18' E. Lat. 37 20' N. St. Ninian, t. Scotland, in Stirlingshire, 2 m. S. Sterling. 67. Olalla, t. Spain, 18 m. N.W. Toledo. 67. Oluf, t. Sweden, 23 m. S. Christianstadt. 67. Omer, city, France, in Straits of Calais, on the Aa, and strongly fortified. Here is a college for the catholic clergy of England and Ireland, with a library of 20,000 volumes. 24 m. S. E. Calais, 160 N. Paris. Lon. 2 15' E. Lat. 50 45' N. Pop. 20,000. 67. Oswald, v. Eng. in Northumberland, 4 m. N. Hexham. St. Ouen, t. France, 4 m. N. Paris. 67. Ours, seignory, Richelieu co. Lower Cana- da, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 30 m. N. E. Montreal. St. Pablo, r. Florida, which runs into the St. John. Lon. 81 50' W. Lat. 30 34' N. St. Palais, t. France, in Morbihan, on the isl- and of Belleisle, with a harbour and castle. Pop. 2,500. St. Palais, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees, on the Bidouze, 30 m. W. Pau, 21 S. E. Bayonne. Lon. 050' W. Lat. 43 19' N. Pop. 1,000. 67. Paolo, isl. near the const of Naples, in the gulf of Tarento. Lon. 17 6' E. Lat. 40 42' N. St. Pantaleo, t. Sardinia, 16 m. N. Cagliari. 6 1 /. Papoul, t. France, in Aude, 15 m. W. N. W. Carcassonne. Lon. 2 7' E. Lat. 43 20' N. 67. Pardoux, t. France, in Two Sevres, 5 m. S. S. VV. Partenay. 67. Puterne, t. France, in Morbihan, 6 m. S. W. 67. Patrick, t. Charlotte co. New-Brunswick, on Passamaquoddy bay. 67. Patrick's, small isl. in the Irish sea, near the E. coast of Ireland. Lon. 6 5' W. Lat. 53 36' N. 67. Patrick's Bridge, a chain of rocks near the S. coast of Ireland, extending from the coast of Wexford to the Saltee islands. Lon 6 37' W. Lat. 52 10' N. 67. Patrick's Purgatory, small isl. Ireland, in Lough Derg. S A I 679 St. Pau, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 12 m. N.W. Ge- rona. St. Paul, t. France, in Upper Vienne, 9 m. S.E. Limoges. Pop. 1,500. St. Paul, t. France, in Tarn, 9 m. N. W. La Caune. 6V. Paul, a government of Brazil, to the west of Rio Janeiro. St. Paul, t. New Mexico, at the conflux of the two main branches of the Bravo. St. Paul, t. Brazil, cap. of the government of the same name. The neighbourhood formerly abounded with gold mines, which are now ex- hausted. Pop. 20,000. 190 m. W. Rio Janeiro. Lon. 46 56' W. Lat. 23 30' S. St. Paul, t. of the island of Malta, 6 m. N. W. Malta. St. Paul, isl. in the Indian sea. Lon. 61 2 E. Lat. 37 51' S. St. Paul, isl. in the gulf of St. Lawrence, 9 m. N. E. the N. cape of the island of Cape Breton. Lon. 60 2' W. Lat. 47 13' N. St. Paul, r. Guinea, which runs into the Atlan- tic, 5 m. N. Cape Mesurado. St. Paul de Fenouilhac, t. France, in East Py- renees, 18m. W. N. W. Perpignan. Pop. 1,300. St. Paul en Jarest, t. France, in Rhone and Loire, 18 m. S. S. W. Lyons. SI. Paul de Jarraf, t. France, in Arriege, 4 m. N. N. E. Tarascon. St. Paul Trois Chateaux, t. France, in Drome, 12 m. S. Montelimart, 13 N. Orange. Pop. 2,100. St. Paul's, parish, Charleston district, S. C. 18 m. W. Charleston. St. Paul's Bay, bay on the N.W. coast of New- foundland. Lon. 57 55' W. Lat. 49 50' N. St. Paulien, t. France, in Upper Loire, 6 m. N, N. W. Le Puy. St. Pazanne, t. France, in Lower Loire, 12 m. S. W. Nantes. St. Pecaque, t. Mexico, 45 m. N. Compostella. Lon. 10 1 30' W. Lat. 22 N. St. Pedro, r. Africa, on the Ivory coast, which runs into the Atlantic. Lon. 6 50' W. Lat. 4" 50' N. St. Pedro, t. Venezuela, on the S. coast of Lake Maracaybo. 100 m. S. Maracaybo. St. Pedro, one of the Marquis of Mendoza's isl- ands. Lan. 138 55' E. Lat. 9 55' S. St. Pedro, t. Florida, 14 m. E. S. E. St. Mark. St. Pedro, and 67. Pablo, r. Mexico, which runs into the gulf of Mexico, in Ion. 97 56' W. lat. 20* 52' N. St. Pellegrino, seaport, Corsica, 21 m. S. E. Bastia. Lon. 9 33' E. Lat. 42 23' N. St. Peray, t. France, in Ardeche, on the Rhone, opposite Valence. St. Peter and St. Paul, seaport on the S.E. coast of Kamtchatka. Lon. 158 43' E. Lat. 54 N. 67. Peter le Port, or Port St. Pierre, t. Eng. in the S. E. part of the island of Guernsey, defended by two castles. Lon. 2 34' W. Lat. 49 10' N. St. Peter's Harbour, a bay on the N. coast of the island of St. John, in the gulf of St. Lawrence. Lon. 62 20' W. Lat. 46 25' N. 67. Peter's Point, cape on the W. coast of Dom- inica. Lon. 61 30' W. Lat. 15 36' N. 67. Peter's Haven, a harbour on the E. coast of Labrador. Lat. 56 31' N. 67. Peter's, lake, Lower Canada, an expansion of the river St. Lawrence, 20 miles long-, and 10 680 S A I wide, which commences a few miles below the town of Sorel. St. Peter's, r. Missouri territory, which joins the Mississippi, about 9 miles below the falls of St. Anthony, in lat. 44 N. after a S. E. course of several hundred miles. It flows through the cen- tre of the territories of the Sioux Indians, and is navigable for more than 200 miles. Its principal tributaries are Carver's river, and the Blue earth which comes in from the S. about 100 miles from the Mississippi, and is noted for the blue clay near its mouth, used as a paint by the Indians. A spe- cies of red paint is found at the head of the St. Peters, and a white clay useful in the operations of the glass-maker. The beautiful red stone of which the Indians manufacture the bowls of their pipes, is found in the prairie country between this river and the Sioux. The lands on the St. Peters are very fertile. At its junction with the Missis- sippi it is 150 yards wide. Here is a U. States' fort. See St. Anthony's falls. St. Peters, parish, Beaufort district, S. C. on Savannah river. St. Philip, v. Monroe co. Illinois, on the Missis- sippi, 45 miles below Cahokia. St. Philip's Island, isl. in the Atlantic ocean. Lon. 13 25' E. Lat. 12 22' S. St. Pierre, t. France, in the straits of Calais, 20 m. N. E. Boulogne. Pop. 2,700. St. Pierre, isl. in the Indian sea. Lon. 55 15' E. Lat. 9 8' S. St. Pierre, isl. in the E. Indian sea, near the W. coast of Borneo. Lon. 109 9' E. Lat. 1 54' N. St. Pierre. See St. Peters. St. Pierre, small isl. near the coast of Newfound- land. Lou. 56 37' W. Lat. 46 30' N. St. Pierre, s-p. and centre of commerce of the island of Martinico, in a bay on the VV. coast. Lon. 61 10' W. Lat. 14 43' N. St. Pierre VEglise, t. France, in Channel, 5 m. W. Barfleur, 8 E. Cherburg. Pop. 2,000. St. Pierre le Moutier, t. France, in Nievre, 12 m. S. Severs. Lon. 4 E. Lat 46 47' N. Pop. 2,000. 67. PierreriUe, t. France, in Ardeche, 7 m. N.W. Privas. Pop. 1,500. St. Pietro, (an. Hieracum,') isl. 7 miles from the S. coast of Sardinia, 13 miles long, and 3 broad. Lon. 8 24' E. Lat. 39 15' N. St. Pietro, isl. near the coast of Naples, in the gulf of Tarento. Lon. 17 5' E. Lat. 40 43' N. St. Pietro Galatina, t. Naples, in Otranto, 6 m. ' E, Nardo, 22 W. Otranto. St. Pol, t. France, in Straits of Calais, 22 m. N. VV. Arras. Lon. 2 25' E. Lat. 50 22' N. Pop. 3,000. St. Pol de Leon, t. France, in Finisterre, 34 m. N. E. Brest. Lon. 3 54' VV. Lat. 48 40' N. Pop. 5,400. St. Pollen, or St. Hypolite, t. Austria, on the Trasen, 26 m. W. Vienna. Lon. 15 36' E. Lat. 48 12' N. St. Ponsde Thomieres,\.. France, in Herault, 48 m. VV. Montpelier. Lon. 2 51' E. Lat. 43" 29' N. Pop. 4,700. St. Pourcain, t. France, in Allier, 16 m. S. Mou- lina. Pop. 3,000. St. Prasseda, t. Italy, 12 m. N. E. Rome. 6V. Pres, or St. Prex,t. Switz. on the N. coast of the lake of Geneva, 8 m. S.W. Lausanne. St. Priest, t. France, 6 m. S. E. Lyons. Si. Prix, t. France, 10 rn. N. Paris. S'>. Quentin, t. France, in Aisne, on the Somine, S A I with manufactures of thread, linen, cambric, lawn, gauze, and cottons. 22m. S. Catnbray. 45 S. Amiens. Lon. 3 43' E. Lat. 49 51' N. Pop. 11,000. St. Qwm/m, t. France, in Isere, 10 m. N. VV. Grenoble. Pop. 1,300. St. Rafael, t. Caraccas, 40 m. S. Caraccas. St. Rafael, t. S. America, in Moxos, 210 m. E. Santa Cruz de la Sierra La Nueva. St. Rambert de Joux, t. France, in Ain, 16 m. S. S. E. Bourg-en-Bresse, 27 N. E. Lyons. Lon. 5 31' E. Lat. 45 57' N. Pop. 2,300. 6V. Rambert sur Loire, t. France, in Rhone-and- Loire, 7 m. N. W. St. Etienne. Pop. 2,400. St. Raphael, cape at the E. end of the island of Hispaniola. Lon. 69 8' W. Lat. 19 16' N. St. Regis, r. N. Y. which is formed by nume- rous streams, and runs into the St. Lawrence in Canada, a little above 45 N. lat. St. Regis, t. Franklin co. N. Y. on the St. Law- rence, at the mouth of St. Regis river. St. Regis, Indian village, on the river St. Law- rence. The boundary line between the U. S. and Lower Canada passes through this village. 6V. Remi, t. Piedmont, at the foot of Mount St. Bernard, 9 m. N. Aosta. St. Remo, s-p. Genoa, with a good harbour in the Mediterranean, 23 m. N. E Nice. Lon. 7 46' E. Lat. 43 47' N. St. Remy, t. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone, 7 m. E. Tarascon, 9 S. Avignon. Lon. 4 55' E. Lat. 43 47' N. 6V. Renan, t. France, in Finisterre, 6 m. N. VV. Brest. Pop. 900. 6V. Rererein, t. France, in Nievre, 21 m. N. E. Nevers. 6V. Reyne, t. France, 27 m. W. N. W. Dijon. St. Ricquier, t. France, in Somme, 6 m. N. E. Abbeville. Pop. 1,300. 6V. Roche des Jlnnais, seignory, Devon co. Lower Canada, on the S. side of the St. Law- rence, 56 m. N. E. Quebec. St. Romain, t. France, in Lower Seine, 12 m. E. by N. Havre de Grace. 6V. Romain, t. France, 15 m. S. S. W. Lyons. St. Romano, t. Italy, 18 m. S. W. Modena. St. Rosa, t. New Granada, 30 m. S. W. Santu Fe de Bogota. St Rosa, isl. in the gulf of Mexico, near the S. coast of W. Florida, 30 miles long. Lon. 80" 50' VV. Lat. 30 26' N. St. Rosa Bay, bay in the gulf of Mexico, on tl S. coast of VV. Florida. It is about 60 miles in length, from to 4 miles in breadth and naviga- ble for vessels drawing 4 feet water. It receives Choctaw river at its N. E. extremity where there is a channel to the sea, called Papa lustu. Be- tween this bay and Pcnsacola bay there is an in- land passage. Lon. 86 5' to 86 32' W. Lat. 30 33' N. St. Rose, t. Canada, 12 m. N. W. Montreal. 67. Saba, v. Palestine, 18 m. S. E. Jerusalem. 67. Sacrament, t. Buenos Ayres, on the left bank of the La Platn, opposite Buenos Ayres, 90m. W. Monte Video. 6V. Hadurni, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 13 m. W. N. W. Barcelona. 67. Saen, t. France, 16 m. N. N. E. Rouen. 67. Salvador e, t. Sardinian states, in Montfer- r;tt. Top. 5,200. 5 m. S. S. W. Valenza. 67. Salvador de Jujui, city Buenos Ayres, 174 m. N. St. Jago del Estero. Lon. 66 2' W. La*. 23 5'S. S A I St. Salvador, or Cicdad de Bahia, city, Brazil, at the entrance of All Saints' bay : the see of an archbishop. It contains many religious houses, and a large and magnificent college. It is large, rich, and well built ; but the principal part of the city standing on an eminence 400 feet in height, makes it necessary to have recourse to cranes and ether machines for conveying the goods from the city to the port. The town is well defended, and with a small expense might be rendered impregna- ble, the east side being almost inaccessible, and the rest well fortified both by nature and art. The upper town is adorned with several splendid structures, particularly the cathedral, the palace of the governor, and that of the archbishop, and the courts of justice, hospitals, and other public edifices. The commerce of the town is very ex- tensive. The population is estimated at 120,000, and is composed of whites, Indians, mulattoes, and negroes. Lon. 39 30' W. Lat. 12 e 45' S. St. Salvador, or Banza St. Salvador, city, Afri- ca, cap. of Congo, about 150 miles from the sea, upon a high mountain. It^has 12 churches, be- sides the cathedral, which is built of stone. Pop. about 40,000, of whom 4,000 are whites. Lon. 14 S2 7 E. Lat, 5 45' S. St. Salvador, or Cuscatlan, t. Guatimala, cap. of a district, 140 m. E. S. E. Guatimala. Lon. 89 20 W. Lat. 13" 14' N Pop. 5,000. St. Salvador. See Cat island. St. Samuela, isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 190 34' E. Lat. 62 35' N. St. Saphorin, t. Switzerland, on the N. coast of the lake of Geneva, 3m. W. Vevay. St. Savin, t. France, in Gironde. 18m. N. Bour- deaux. 67. Savinien, t. France, in Saintonge, on the Charente. Pop. 2,900. 9 m. N. Samtes. St. Sauslieu, t. France, 7 m. S. Amiens. 67. Scamegne, t. Naples, 12 m. N. N. E. Capua. 67. Sebastian, t. Spain, cap. of Guiptiscoa, in Biscay, at the mouth of the river Urumea. It is a frontier fortress of considerable strength. The harbour is small but secure and well defended. The trade is considerable, principally in ships' an- chors, cables and leather. 8 m. W. Foutarabia, 40 E. Bilboa. Lon. 1 58' 30'' E. Lat. 43 10' 30" N. Pop. 12,000. 67. Sebastian, seaport, and cap. of Gomera one of the Canaries, with a good harbour. St. Sebastian de los Reyes, city, Caraccas, prov. of Venezuela on the Guarico. Pop. 8,500. 28 leagues S. $ S. VV. Caraccas. Lat. 9 54' N. 67. Sebastian. See Janeiro, Rio de. St. Sebastian, isl. separated from the coast of Brazil, by a strait about 3 leagues wide. Lat. 23 45' S. 67. Sebastian, t. New Granada, at the entrance of the gulf of Darien, 140 m. S. S. W. Carthagena. Lon. 76 40' W. Lat. 8 19' N. 67. Secondo, t. Italy, 10 m. N. N. W. Parma. 67. Si-rjf, or St. Serrolo, v. Austrian States, in Carniola, 4 m. S. E. Trieste. St. Servan, t. France, in Ille-and-Vilaine, 1 m. S. St. Malo, from which it is separated by an arm of the sea dry at low water. It has manufac- tim.-s of linen, sail-cloth, soap and tobacco, and carries on ship building to some extent. Pop. 9,000. 67. Sever, t France, in Landes, on the Adour, 9 m. S. S. W. Mont de Marsan, 12 E. Tartas. Lon. 30' W. Lat 43 46' N. Pop. 9,000. St. Severina, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, the 86 S A I 681 see of an archbishop, 93 m. N. E. Reggio. Lon. 14 47' E. Lat. 39 6' N. Pop. 6,000. 67. Severino, IL. Popedom, see of a bishop, 30 m. S. S. W. Ancona, 83 N. N. E. Rome. Lon. 13 18' E. Lat. 43 10' N. 67. Setiero, or St. Severo, t. Naples, in Capita- nata ; the see of a bishop, 77 m. N. E. Naples. Lon. 15 54' E. Lat. 41 44' N. St. Simons, isl. off the coast of Georgia, at the mouth of the Alatamaha, 15 miles long, and from 2 to 4 broad. The northern part is separated by a small creek from the main island, and called Little St. Simons. Between Little St. Simons and Egg island, the southern branch of the Alatamaha communicates with the ocean. The island is sepa- rated from the main land by a navigable river, which communicates with the Alatamaha, and flows into St. Simon's sound. Frederica stands on this river on the west side of the island. Its harbour is safe and deep, and being surrounded with forests of timber, is well adapted for ship- building. Frederica was built by Gen. Ogle- thorpe, in 1734. The fortress is constructed of tabby, and is of such durable materials that it still remains. Lon. 80 W. Lat. 31 15' N. 67. Sorlin, t. France, in Saone and Loire, 4 m, N. W. Macon, 6 S. S. E. Cluny. St. Stefano, isl. near the S. coast of SardiniSi Lon. 9 42' E. Lat. 39 13' N. Pop. 3,000. 67. Stephana di Belbo, t. Sardinian States, in Montferrat. Pop. 3,200. 14 m. E. S. E. Alba. 67. Stephens, t. Charlotte co. New-Brunswick, on the river St. Croix, just below the falls. The river is navigable to this town for sea ves- sels. The village is pleasantly situated opposite the town of Calais and contains a handsome church and academy. St. Stephens, parish, Charleston district, S. C. 50 m. N. W. Charleston. Pineville academy is in this parish. 67. Stephens, p-t. and cap. Washington co. Ala- bama, on the W. side of the Tombigbee, 80 miles by land above Mobile, 1 1 20 by water ; 250 S. by W. Huntsville. The river is navigable to this place during 6 months of the year for all vessels that can reach Mobile, and for vessels of 8 or 10 feet of water at all seasons. Here are an academy, with two instructors, and 60 or 70 students ; a printing office, and 250 houses. Pop. in 1819, 1,000. St. Sulpice, seignory, Leinster co. Lower Can- ada, on the N. side of the St. Lawrence, 24 m. N. E. Montreal. St. Susanna, or Sir William Draper's Island, isl. in the Mergui Archipelago, near the coast of Siam. Lat. 10 32' N. St. Susanne, t. France, in Mayenne, 16 m. E. Laval. Lon. 16' W. Lat. 48 6' N. St. Tammany, p-t. Mecklenburg co. Va on the N. side of the Roanoke, 42 m. from Halifax, N. C. 67. Tammany, parish, Louisiana, bounded E. by Pearl river and S. by lakes Maurepas and Pont- chartrain, W. by Tangipato. The only lands cul- tivated are on the streams, the principal of which besides those mentioned, are the Bougechitto, and Chefuncti. The rest of the country is pine bar- rens. Pop. J, 723. Slaves 631. Engaged in agri- culture 1,133, in commerce 11, in manufactures 4. Chief town, Madisonville. St. Teodoro, isl. near the N. coast of Candy, 8 m. N. W. Canea. St. Tkeodosia, isl. in the Pacific ocean, Lon 192 U E. Lat. 62 20' M 682 S A I St. Theory, t. France, in Isere, 12 m. ^. Gren- oble. SI. Thierry, t. France, in Marne, 4m. N. W. Reims. St. Thomas, t. Hind, on the coast of Coroman- del. 3 m. S. Madras. St. Thomas, the principal of the Virgin islands, in the W. Indies, about 18 miles in circumfer- ence, belonging to the Danes. It abounds with po- tatoes, cotton, sugar, and tobacco. It has a safe and commodious harbour, and the trade is very con- siderable. In March 1801, it was taken by the British. Lon. 64 50' W. Lat. 18 22' N. St. Thomas, isl. in the Atlantic, about 30 miles in circumference, near the coast of Guinea, on the equinoxial line. The climate is hot, moist, and unwholesome, especially to Europeans. Rice, millet, vines of the richest kind, melons, cucum- bers, figs, and ginger, are reared in the utmost perfection, with little labour or expense. The ecclesiastical government is in the hands of the bishop, who is a suffragan to the archbishop of Lisbon. Lon. 6 25' E. Pop. 18,000. St. Thomas, the chief town of Spanish Guiana and capital of the new Republic of Colombia, is regularly laid out on the S. bank of the Orinoco, 90 leagues from its mouth. Pop. 7,000. On the opposite bank of the river is fort Raphael which defends the city. St. Thomas, seignory, Devon co. Lower Cana- da, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 34 m. N. E. Quebec. St. Thomas, parish, Charleston district, S. C. St. Thonms, t.Cuba, 30 m. W. S. W. Havan- nah. St. Tfiomas, isl. in the Pacific ocean, near the coast of Mexico. Lat. 20 10' N. St. Thomas de Castile, t. Mexico, in Vera Paz, at the mouth of the river Guanacos, 50 m. E. Ve- ra Paz. Lon. 90 26' VV. Lat. 15 46' N. St. Tita, isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 190 14' E. Lat.635l'N. St. Trcvier de Courtoux, t. France, in Ain, 6 m. E. N. E. Pont de Vaux. Lon. 5 10' E. Lat. 46 28' N. St. Tron, t. Netherlands, 14 m. N. W. Liege, 18 E. S. E. Louvain. Lon. 5 16' E. Lat. 50 40' N. Pop. 5,800. St. Tropes, s-p. France, in Var, on a bay of the Mediterranean, 32 m. N. E. Toulon. St. Vaast, t. France, in La Manche, with a small harbour, 13 m. E. S. E. Cherburg. St. Valery, seaport, France, in Somme, on the left bank of the Somme, 9 m. N. W. Abbeville. Lon. 1 37' E. Lat. 50 1 1' N. Pop. 3,200. St. Valery en Caux, t. France, in Lower Seine, 11 m. S. W. Dieppe. Lon. 47' E. Lat. 49 52* N. Pop. 5,000. St. Vallier, t. France, in Drome. Pop. 1,600. 20 m. N. Valence. .57. Vallier, seignory, Hertford co. Lower Can- ada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 18 m. E. Quebec. St. Ufjes. See Setubal. St. Veil, or St. Veil am Pslaum. See Flume. St. Veil, t. Austrian Illyria, on the Glan, 8 m. N. Clagenfurt, 16 S. Muhrau. Lon. 14 6' E. Lat. 46 47' N. St. Veil, t. Austria, 5m. W. Vienna. St. Venant, t. France, in the Straits of Calais, r.n the Lys, 6 m. N. N. W. Bethunc, 6 E. Airc. Pop. 2,100. fit. Vicente, city, Brazil, cap. of a province of SAL of the same name, with a good port. Pop. 3,000, Liit. 24 S. St. Vicente, cape, Terra del Fuego, at the en- trance of the straits of Magellan. 67. Vincent, one of the Cape Verd Islands, about 30 miles in circumference. In the N. W. part of the island is a bay, which is deemed the safest harbour in all the Cape Verd Islands. Lon. 25* VV. Lat. 16 60' N. St. Vincent, isl. in the West-Indies, about 40 miles long and 10 broad, containing about 84,000 acres or 131 square miles. It is rugged and moun- tainous. Of the 84,000 acres in the island about 47,000 are cultivated. Sugar is the principal production. The sovereignty of the island is di- vided between the English and a race of indepen- dent negroes called black Caraibes. The English part is in the S. W. and includes about half of all the land fit for cultivation. Pop. in 1791, 1,450 whites, 1 1 ,853 slaves, 500 red Caraibes, and about 10,000 black Caraibes. Kingston is the capital. The island was ceded in 1763 to the English who at first designed to exterminate the black?, but in 1773 a treaty of friendship was formed be- tween his majesty and the chiefs of the negroes. In 1779 it was taken by the French assisted by th negroes, but in 1783 was restored. Lon. 61 15 W. Lat. 13 17'N. St. Vincent, Cape, the S. W. point of Portugal, Lon. 8 58' 39" W. Lat. 37' 2' N. SL Vincent, s-p. Brazil, in St. Paul, 150 m. W. Rio Janeiro. S>7. Vincent's Bay, bay on the N. coast of Terra del Fuego, a little E. of Cape St. Vincent. St. Via, t. Italy, 3 m. VV. N. W. Verona. St. Vit, t. Netherlands, in Luxemburg, 25 in , S. Aix-la-Chapelle, 40 N. Luxemburg. Lon. 6 12' E. Lat. 50 18' N. St. Urbaine, a Cistertian abbey, Switzerland, in Lucerne, 25 m. N. N. W. Lucerne. St. Wendel, t. Saxe Coburg, on the Blies. 29 m. S. E. Treves. St. Yriex, t. France, in Upper Viemae, on the Ille, 19 m. S. Limoges, 30 N. E. Perigueux. Lon. 1 17' E. Lat. 45 30' N. Pop. 5,000. St. Zuane, cape, on the N. coast of Candia. Lon. 25 31' E. Lat. 35 15' N. Sauna, lake, Russia, 200 miles long, which communicates through the river Voksa with lake Ladoga. Sainfes, t. France, in Lower Charente, 42 m. S. E. La Rochelle, 84 N. Bourdeaux. Lon. O l 33' W. Lat. 45 45' N. Pop. 10,200. Saintonge, before the revolution, a province of France, now forming the department of the Lower Charente. Saisy, t. France, in Saone-and-Loire, 10 m. E. Autup. Sakan, r. Persia, which runs into the gulf of Persia, near Bender Rigk. Sahara, t. Egypt, 4 m. W. of the Nile, 10 S. Gizeh. Sakaria, r. Natolia, which runs into the Black sea. Lon. 31 E. Lat. 40 53' N. Saktth, t. Arabian Irak, 80 m. N. W. Bas- sora. Sakmanssur, t. Turkish Armenia, 18 m, N. Er zcrum. Sal, or Salt, one of the Cape Verd Islands, about 40 miles in circumference. Sal, or Sala, t. Sweden, in Westeras, near a sil- ver mine, 32 m. W. Upsal. Lon. 16 32' E. Lat 59 55' N. Pop. 2,000. SAL Sal Lake, lake, N. America. Lon. 91 30' W. Lat. 50 25' N. Sal, Point, on the W. coast of N. America. Lon. 23943i'E. Lat. 34 57' N. Sala, La, t. Piedmont, 11 m. W. Aosta. Sala, t. Naples, in Principato Citra, 18 m. N. Policastro. Pop. 5,500. Salada, isl. in the W. Indies. Lon. 64 13' W. Lat. 10" 58 N. Saladillo, r. Buenos Ayres, which running S. E. falls into the sea near the mouth of the river Plata. Salado, r. Buenos Ayres, which rises iji the An- des, in lat. 24 S. and running S. E. joins the Pa- rana at Santa Fe, in lat. 31 40' S. Salado, r. which forms the N. boundary of Chili, and falls into the Pacific, in lat. 26 30' S. Salahiah, fortress on the E. frontier of Egypt, towards Syria. Salaka, a harbour on the W. coast of the Red sea. Lon. 37 5' E. Lat. 20 42' N. Salamanca, province, Spain, bordering on Por- tugal. Extent, 1,500 square miles. Pop. 210,000. Salamanca, city, Spain, on three hills near the jivsr Tormes. It is surrounded by a wall, and has 25 churches, 20 monasteries, 1] convents, and a university. The university was founded in 1239, and had long a considerable reputation. The number of professors at present is 60, the number of students between 300 and 400. Pop. 13,600. A memorable battle was fought here be- tween the British under lord Wellington and the French under Marmont, in July 1812. 153 m. VV. N. W. Madrid. Lon. 5 10' W. Lat. 41 21' N. Salambria, (an. Peneus,') r. Greece, which dis- charges itself into the gulf of Salonica, through the well known Vale of Tempe, 25 m. E. by N. Larissa. Salame, isl. at the entrance of the Persian gulf, near Cape Mussendoon. Lon. 56 48' E. Lat. 26 20' N. Salanche, t. Savoy, 28 m. S. E. Geneva. Salangari, isl. in the Eastern seas, near the W. coast of Gilolo. Lon. 127 31' E. Lat. 2 15' N. Salankemen, t. Austrian states, opposite the in- flux of the Theyss into the Danube, 18 m. N. W. Belgrade. Lon. 20 30' E. Lat. 45 10' N. Salburg, t. Germany, on the Saal, 20 m. S. S.W. Gera, 40 S. E. Erfurt. Lon. 11 50' E. Lat. 50 27' N. Salces, v. France, in Eastern Pyrenees, 9 m. N. Perpignan. Saldanha Bay, the most secure bay on the S. coast of Africa. Lon. 17 50' E. Lat. 32 54' S. Saldanna, t. Spain, in Leon, 46 m. E. Leon, 38 N. by W. Palencia. Pop. 4,000. Saleclo, s-p. Tunis, 90 miles from Tunis. Salem, t. Hind. cap. of a district of the same name in the Carnatic. Lon. 78 18' E. Lat. 11 44' N. Salem, p-t. Rockingham co. N. H. 30 m. S. W. Portsmouth, 36 S. E. Concord. Pop. 1,311. Salem, t. Orleans co. Vt. on Lake Memphrama- gog, 49 m. N. Montpelier. Pop. 80. Salem, port of entry and cap. Essex co. Mass, the second town in New-England in commerce, wealth, and population, is built on a low peninsu- la, formed by two small inlets of the sea, called North and South rivers ; over the former of which is abridge 1,500 feet long, connecting the town with Beverly; the other separates it from Mar- blehead, and forms the principal harbour. The harbour is so shallow that vessels drawing more SAL 683 than 12 feet water must load and unload at a dis- tance from the wharves, yet it is accessible to ships of war into safe anchorage, as the frigate Constitu- tion found in the late war when pursued by a su- perior force. There are two forts for the defence of the harbour. The town contains a court-house, alms-house, market-house, 3 banks, a museum belonging to the East India Marine Society, an athenaeum con- taining more than 5,000 volumes, an orphan asy- lum, and 11 houses of public worship, 6 for Con- gregationalists, 2 for Baptists, 1 for Episcopalians, 1 for Friends, and 1 for Universal ists. The streets are crooked, and the houses generally built of wood, but many of those recently erected are handsome brick edifices. The commerce of Salem is extensive. In 1816, it was the sixth town in the U. States, in amount of shipping, the number of tons being 34,454, of which nearly one half was employed in the India trade. The trade has been prosecuted with great spirit and success for many years, and has been a source of much wealth to the town. A society composed of masters and supercargoes of vessels who have sailed round the Cape of Good Hope, or Cape Horn, was incorporated in 1801, and now consists of about 160 members. A museum be- longs to the Society, composed of curiosities from all parts of the world, and is visited by strangers without expense. The inhabitants of Salem are celebrated for enterprise, industry, and true re- publican economy. Perhaps no city in the U. States contains so much wealth in proportion to the population. It is the oldest town in Massa- chusetts except Plymouth, having been settled in 1626. Its Indian name was Naumkeag. 4 m. N. W. Marblehead, 24 S. Newburyport, 14 N. N. E. Boston. Lat. 42 30' N. Lon. 70 50' W. Pop. 12,731. Salem, p-t. New London co. Ct. 29 m.S.E. Hart- ford. Pop. 1,053. Salem, p-t. Washington co. N. V. 18 m. S. E. Sandyhill, 46 N. E. Albany. Pop. 2,985. The courts of the county are held alternately here and at Sandyhill. Salem village is on a plain in the centre of the town, and contains a court-house and jail, an academy, and 2 churches. Salem, co. N. J. bounded N. by Gloucester co. E. by Cumberland co. S.W. and W. by Delaware river and bay. Pop. 14,022. Engaged in agri- culture 2,562, in commerce 99, in manufactures 567. Chief town, Salem. Salem, p-t. and cap. Salem co. N. J. on Salem creek, 3 miles from its confluence with Delaware bay. The river is navigable to this place for ves- sels of 50 tons. Salem contains a court-house and jail, an academy and 4 churches, 1 each for Bap- tists, Quakers, Methodists and Episcopalians. 20 m. N. W. Bridgetown, 37 S. W. by W. Philadel- phia. Pop. 1,303. Salem, p-t. Wayne co. Pa. Pop. 306. Salem, t. Luzerne co. Pa. Pop. 787. Salem, t. Westmoreland co. Pa. Pop. 1,965. Salem, t. Mercer co. Pa. Pop. 700. Salem, West, t. Mercer co. Pa. Pop. 1,040. Salem, p-t. Botetourt co. Va. 20 m. S. W. Fiu- castle. Salem, p-t. Faquierco. Va. Salem, p-t. Stokes co. N. C. on a tributary of the river Yadkin, 35 m. N. E. Salisbury. The town is built of brick, principally on one street, half a mile in length, paved, and planted on each c id* with trees. Here is a Moravian academy for 684 SAL young ladies, under the care of the pastor and 12 matrons. Pupils resort here from all parts of the Southern States The buildings consist of a church tvhidi is spacious and elegant, and 4 brick edifices 4 stories high for the academy. They stand in the centre of the town, on a square planted with trees, and intersected by tine gravel walks. Several manufactures, particularly of potter's ware, are carried on in this town. Salem, co. S. C. in Sumpter district. Salem, p-t. Salem co. S. C. Salem, t. Baldwin co. Geo. on the W. side of the Oconee, nearly opposite Milledgeville. Salem, p-t. Livingston co. Ken. Salem, p-t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, on Lake Erie, 16 m. N. E. Jeffer?on. Pop. 979. Salem, t. Champaign co. Ohio. Pop. 1,064. Salem, p-t. Columbiana co. Ohio, 10 m. N. W. New Lisbon. Pop. 1,378. Salem, t. Highland co. Ohio. Pop. 62& Salem,t. Jefferson co. Ohio, 10 m. N. W. Steu- benville. Pop. 1,482. Salem, t. Meigs co. Ohio. Pop. 298. Salem, t. Monroe co. Ohio, on Ohio river, 9 m. Woodsfield. Pop. 648. Salem, v. Montgomery co. Ohio, 12 m. N. W. Dayton. Salem, t. Muskingum co. Ohio, on the Musking- um, 10 m. N. E. Zanesville. Pop. 387. Salem, t. Tuscarawas co. Ohio, on the Musking- um. Pop. 549. Salem, t. Washington co. Ohio, 1 1 m. N. Mari- etta. Pop. 4-2-2. Salem, t. Warren co. Ohio. Pop. 1,114. Salem, p-t. and cap. Washington co. Indiana, 25 m. W. Jefferson ville, 34 N. Corydon. It is r'.'^eat- ly settled, and contains about 40 houses, and a handsome brick court-house. Salem cross roads, p-v. Westmoreland co. Pa. Salemi, t. Sicily, 38 m. S. VV. Palermo. Pop. 8,000. Salemia, L Syria, 100 m. S. S E. Aleppo. Salengore, a kingdom extending along the W. coast of the Malay peninsula. It is governed by a Mahometan prince. Lon. 101 18 E. Lat. 23 20' N. Saler Moler, fortress. Hind, in Khandeish. Lon. 74 15'E. Lat. 20 40' N. Salerno, city, iNaples, and cap. of Principato Citra, with a good harbour, and an university, It i? the see of an archbishop. 28 m. E. S. E. Naples. Lon. 14 35' E. Lat. 40 40' N. Pop. 10,000. Saleyer, or Salayr, isl. in the Eastern Seas, off the S. extremity of the island of Celebes, about 40 miles long and nearly 8 broad. Lon. 120 55' E. Lat 5" 45' S. Salnz, or Suletz, v. Switzerland, in St. Gall, on the Rhine, 4m.E. Sax. Salford, Upper, t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop. 1,008. Salford, Lower, t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop. 731. Salibabo, isl. in the Eastern seas, 8 or 10 miles in circumference. Lon. 128 n 9' E. Lat. 4 N. Salicetto,t. Piedmont, 16 m. E. Mondovi. Pop. 3,000. Salina, or Salini, one of the Lipari islands, in the Tuscan sea, 15 miles in circuit 25 m. N. by W. Cape Bianco, in Sicily. Salina, p-t. Onondaga co. N.Y. 36 m. S. S. E. Oswego, 1MO W. Albany. Pop. 1,814. This town embraces Onondaga lake and the principal ialt SAL springs and salt-work? of the State. Every gal- lon of water yields from 16 to 27 ounces of salt, being much stronger than any other salt-springs in the U. States. The quantity manufacturer! in 1820, was 554,776 bushels, and it may be increas- ed to an unlimited extent. Saliim is connected by a branch canal 1^ miles long with the great canal from Lake Erie to the Hudson. Salma, p-t Randolph co. Illinois. Saline, r. Louisiana, which flows into the N. side of Red river, 8m. N. E. Naf.-hHochcs. The saline on this river is a valuable salt flat, affording an abundant supply of salt. Saline, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. Pop. 365. Sal me, t. St. Genevieve co. MlMouri. Saline, r. Louisiana, which joins black Lake river, 8 miles N. E. Natch itoohos. Saline, r. Illinois, which run- -nio, 20 miles below the mouth of the \Y It is nav- igable 30 miles. The U. S. on this stream are 20 miles above its mouth. Saline,*.. Pulaski co. Arkansas. Pop 83. Saline, t. Hempstead co. Arkansas. Pop. 763. Saline, r. Arkansas Territory, which 'lows into the N. side of the Wachita, near lat. 3~' N. nfter a course of about 150 miles. Saline, Grand, or NetMetokctotiga, r. A. Territory, which falh into the VV. side of th- Ar- kansas, about 150 miles above the Nagraekr,. Salines, v. Missouri, on the Mississippi, at the mouth of Saline creek, 4 miles below St. Gone- vieve. 9 from Kaskaskias. Here are extensive salt works. Salines Point de, or Point Salinas, rape on the S. coast of Hispauiola. Lon. 71 48' W. Lat. 18 8'iN. SWtYiz, one of the Lipari island?, 8 m. E. N. E. Palermo. Lon. 15 5' E. Lat. 38 40' N. Salins, t. France, in Jura. It is well built and fortified. 22 m. S. Besancon. Lon. 5 56' E. Lat. 46 57' N. Pop. 8,200. Salisbury, city, England, in Wiltshire, on the Avon. It is the see of a b.'shop. The cathedral, which was founded, in 1219, is the most elegant and regular Gothic structure in the kingdom. Its spire is the tallest in England, being 410 feet. There are 8?. bells, which are hung in a steeple by itself It is noted for the manufacture of bone lace and cutlery. It sends 2 members to parlia- ment. 91 m. E. N. E. Exeter, 82 W. S. W. Lon- don. Lon. r 47' W. Lat. 51 4' N. Pop. 8,243. Salisbury, p-t . Hillsborough co. N. H. on the W. side of the Merrimack, 14 miles N. W. Concord. Pop. 2,016. It contains 2 churches, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Congregatioualists, an academy, and va- rious mills. Salisbury, p-t. Addison co. Vt. on Otter creek, 44 miles S.' VV. Montpel ier. Pop. 72 1 . Salisbury, p-t. Essex co. Mass, on the N. side of the Merrimack, 4 m. N. Newburyport, 30 N. N. E Salem. Pop. 2,006. It is divided into two par- ishes, and below the junction of Powow river with the Merrimack, there is a flourishing village where many vessels nre built. Salisbury, p-t. Litchfield co. Ct. on the W. side of the Housatonnuc, at the falls. The river is here 35 rods wide, and descends perpendicularly 60 feet ; below which for 100 rods is a succession of rapids and falls About 70 rods higher up is an- other perpendicular fall of 20 feet, making the whnlr- dr-sri.-nt about 130 feet. Salisbury contains 2 (lutrches, 1 for Congregationalism, and 1 for Methodists. Iron ore is found in abundance in this SAL SAL 685 town, and is thought to be equal for richness to any in the United States. Here are 3 forces, 2 blast furnaces, 1 anchor and screw manufactory, a scythe manufactory, 2 shops with hammers for the manufacture of gun barrels, &c. a button manu- factory, and some smaller manufactories. 47 m. N. VV. Hartford, 60 N. N. W. New Haven. Pop. 2.695. Salisbury, p-t. Herkimer co. N. Y. 21 m. N. E. Utica. Pop. 1,438. Salisbury, p-t. Orange co. N. Y. Salisbury, t. B ucks co. Pa. Pop . 2 ,098. Salisbury, p-t. Lancaster co. Pa. Pop. 2,484. Salisbury, t. Lehigh co. Pa. on the Lehigh, 6 m. S. W. Bethlehem. Pop. 1,165. Salsisbury, p-t. Somerset co. Pa. Pop. 110. Salisbury. See Smyrna, Delaware. Salisbury, p-t. and port of entry, Somerset co. Md. at the forks of Wicomico river, 20 m. N. W. Snowhill, 163 S. by W.Philadelphia. - It contains 2 churches, 1 for Episcopalians, and 1 for Metho- dists, and about 80 houses ; and carries on consid- erable trade in lumber. . Salisbury, p-t. Rowan co. N. C. on Cane creek, 5 m. above its junction with the Yadkin, 34 S. W. Salem, 120 W. Fayetteville. It is a flourishing town, in a fertile country, and contains a court- house and jail, and about 100 houses. In the neighborhood of Salisbury is a remarkable wall of stone, below the surface of the ground. It is 2 feet thick, and a pit has been sunk by its side, 27 feet, without reaching the bottom. Its course has been traced between 200 and 300 feet It is composed of small irregular stones, strongly ce- mented, and presenting an even and smooth sur- face. Salisbury, t. Meigs co. Ohio. Top. 481. Salisbury, p-t. Wayne co. Indiana, 30 m. N. Brookville. Salisbury Point, cape on the W. coast of N. America. Lon.2263' E. Lat.58 11' N. Salisbury sound, a bay on the W. coast of Amer- ica. Lon. 136 W. Lat. 57 30' N. SalleLa,t. France, in Gard. Pop. 2,000. 6 m. N. W. St. Hippolyte. Sallee, seaport on the W. coast of Morocco, at the mouth of a river of the same name, which formerly admitted large vessels, but is now fil- ling up with sand. On the opposite side of the river stands Rabat, called often New Sallee,which is the best situated of any place upon this coast, for carrying on intercourse with Europe. The trade of Rabat is in wool, leather, and wax. Lon. 6 40' W. Lat. 34 3' N. Pop. 10,000. Sa llee, t. Hind, in Gujerat, on the N. side of Mahy river, subject to the British. Lon. 73 20' E. Lat. 22 27' N. Salleeolakit, isl. near the S. W. coast of Minda- nao. Lon. 121 25' E. Lat. 6 42' N. Suites- Curan, t. France, in Aveyron. Pop. 1,200. 14 m. S. E. Rhodez. Haitian, city, Schirvan, in Persia, on the Cas- pian, at the mouth of the Kur. 90 m. S. Schama- chi Salliez, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees, with ?alt springs. Pop. 6,400. 9 m. W. by S. Or- thez. Salm, the name of several principalities in Germany, 1st, Salm-Salm, and Salm Kirburg, in or near the bishopric of Munster. Extent, 620 sq. miles. Pop. 60,000. 2d, Salm Reifer- scheid, subdivided into four branches, (two bear- ing the title of prince?, and two that of counts,) partly in Suabia, partly in Bohemia, Moravia and the Netherlands. Salm, r. Grand dutchy of the Lower Rhine, which falls into the M oselle, 8 m. below Treves. Salm, Old, t. Prussian province of the Lower Rhine, 12 m. N. N. E. Spa, 45 N. Luxemburg. Pop. 2,500. Salmis, t. Russia, in Viborg, on Lake Ladoga, 28 m. N. W. Olnetz. Lon. 31 53' E. Lat. 61 22'12"N. Salmon, r. Ct. which runs into Connecticut riv- er in East Haddam. Salmon Cove, port on the N. W. coast of Amer- ica, in Observatory inlet. Lon. 230 21' E. Lat. 35 20' N. Salmon Creek, r. N. Y. which runs into the S. end of Cayuga lake. Salmon Creek, r. N.Y. which runs into lake On- tario, 4 m. N. Mexico point. Salmon Creek, r. N. Y. which runs into the St. Lawrence, at Fort Covington, after a course of about 70 miles. It is navigable for boats 8 miles, to French mills. About 16 miles from its mouth are the falls. The river is here 15 or 20 rods wide, and after a rapid course for a mile, during which the descent is about 30 feet, falls perpendic- ularly 110 feet, making the whole descent 140 feet. For a mile and a half below, the banks are lofty walls, more than 100 feet high, generally perpendicular, but frequently shelving over the stream several yards. At the foot of the falls sal- mon are caught in abundance. Salmon Fall, a name applied to the Piscataqua, from its source to the lower falls at Berwick. Salmon River, r. New Brunswick, which runs into the St. John. Lon. 67 32' W. Lat. 47 N. Salmshohe, a lofty mountain, Austria, near the Glockner, 8,650 feet high. Salo, t. Austrian Italy, in the Brescian, on the lake of Garda. 22 m. N. E. Brescia, 28 N. W. Verona. Lon. 10 32' E. Lat. 4537'N. Pop. 4,600. Salo Bay, bay on the N. coast of the island of Java. Lon. 1 12 36' E. Lat. 6 58' S. Salobrenna, t. Spain, in Granada, on the Medi- terranean, 4 m. W. Motrill. Salombo, cluster of small islands in the Eastern seas. Lon. 1 13 13' E. Lat. 5 30' S. Salomon Islands. See Solomon Islands. Salon, t. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone, on the canal of Craponne. Pop. 6,300. 18m. W. N. W. Aix, 19 E. Aries. Lon. 5 6' E. Lat. 43 38' 14" N. Salona, t. Austrian Dalmatia, on a bay of th& Adriatic, once a town of importance. 2 m. N. E. Spalatro. Salona, t. Eu. Turkey, in Livadia, near the gulf of Salona, which is an inlet from the gulf o'f Corinth. It is situated at the foot of Mount Par- nassus, and is supposed to occupy the site of the ancient Amphissa. It is the see of a bishop. 48 m. N. E. Lepanto. Lon. 22 30' E. Lat. 38 5 1' N. Pop. 8,000. Salonica, (anciently called Thcssalonica,HalUa^ and Therma,^) a large and handsome city of Eu. Turkey, in Macedon, at the N. extremity of a great bay. It is surrounded by a wall, 5 miles in circumference. It is admirably situated for trade and in this respect is second only to Constantino- ple. The articles of export are cotton, tobacco, corn and wool. Pop.70,000. Among the antfquities of Salonica, are the propylaca of the ancient Hip- podrome, which is considered among the finest SAL pieces of art that have escaped the ravages of time ; and the rotunda, an edifice built after the model of the pantheon at Rome. This city is the residence of a Turkish pacha, and of a Catholic and a Greek archbishop. 272 m. W. Constanti- nople, 252 E. S. E. Ragusa. Lon. 22 56 E. Lat. 40 38' 7" N. Saloomea, t. Birman empire, on the left bank of the Irrawuddy, 25 m. N. Raynangong. Salop. See Shropshire. Salopar, t, Ceylon, 18 m. N. N. W. Trincoma- lee. Salor, r. Spanish Estremadura, which falls into the Tagus. Salou Cape, cape, Spain, on the S. E. coast of Catalonia. Lon. 1 1 1 ' 50" E. Lat. 41 4' 30" N. Salowackii small isl. in the Eastern seas. Lou. 131 38' E. Lat. 3 50- N. Salpi,t. Naples, in the Capitanata, 23 S. Man- fredonia, 92 E. N. E. Naples. Salsette, British isl. on the VV. coast of Hindos- tan, in Aurungabad, separated from Bombay by a strait 200 yards wide, across which is a causeway. This island is 18 miles long by 14 broad, and is well adapted for the cultivation of sugar, cotton, hemp, indigo, &c. It is remarkBble for its my- thological antiquities, and especially for the cav- erns of Kennere, which contain two collossal stat- ues of Boodh. Its principal town is Tanna. Salso, t. Italy, in Parma, containing salt-works. 16 m. W. Parma, 17 S. E. Piacenza. Salso, r. Sicily, in Val di Demona, which empties itself into the Mediterranean by two mouths. Sail Creek, r. Mexico, in Yucatan, which runs into the bay of Honduras. Lon. 89 24' W. Lat. 18 10' N. Salt Island, one of the Virgin islands. Lon. 64 6'W. Lat. 18 5' N. Salt Islands, Great, and Little, 2 islands near the S. coast of Jamaica. Lon. 76 57' W. Lat. 17 50' N. Salt Key, small isl. among the Bahamas. Lon. 71 3' VV. Lat. 21 30' N. Salt sea. See Dead sea. Salt Valley of, in Syria, about 18 m. E. of Alep- po, where the salt is half an inch thick. Salta, or San Miguel de Salta, city of Tucuman, in Buenos Ayres, in the beautiful valley of Lerma, on the banks of a river which discharges its wa- ters into the Vermejo. Its commerce consists in corn, meal, wine, cattle, hides, etc. which are sent to all parts of Peru. 50 m. S. Jujui. Lon. 64 V 30" W. Lat. 24 17' S. Pop. 9,000. Sallash, t. and borough, Eng. in Cornwall, on the banks of the Tamar. It sends two members to parliament. 47 m. E. N. E. Truro, 219 S. W. London. Lon. 4 10' W. Lat. 60 24' N. Saltash. See Plymouth, V 7 t. Saltcoats, seaport, Scotland, in Ayrcshire. Its trade is mostly in coals. It is also much resorted to for sea-bathing. 25 m. S. W. from Glasgow. Pop. 3,413. Salt Creek, r. Ohio, which runs into the S. side of the Scioto, 15m. below Chillicothe. Salt Creek, p-t. Muskingum co. Ohio, 9 m. S. E. Zanesville. Pop. 967. Salt Creek, t. Wayne co. Ohio, 9 m. S. E. VVoos- ter. Pop. 1,000. Salt Creek, t. Hocking co. Ohio. Pop. 414. Salt Creek, t. Pickaway co. Ohio, 9 m. S. E. Cir- cleville. Pop. 1,304. SAL Saitecs, 2 small islands in St. George's chauu"i, near the S. coast of Ireland, 10 m. VV. S. W. Carnsore point. Lon. 6 37' W. Lat. 52 8' N. Salterncss, seaport, Scotland, at the S. extremi- ty of the kingdom, in 54 55' N. lat. Sullfleet, or Saltjieetby, t. Eng. in Lincoln, on o. small creek of the German ocean. 33 m. N. E. Lincoln. Saltfleet, t. Lincoln co. Up. Canada, on lake OQ~ tario. Saltholm, small isl. Denmark, in the sound, near the island of Amak, 5m. S. E.Copenhagen. Lon. 12 46' E. Lat. 55 58' N. Saltillo, t. Mexico, on the confines of the prov- ince of Cohahuila, surrounded with arid plains. Pop. 6,000. Saltketchers. See Combahee. Salt lick, t. Fayetteco. Pa. Pop. 1,172. Salt river, r. Kentucky, which is chiefly formed by the union of three streams, Floyd's, Rolling, and Beach forks, and flows into the Ohio, 20 m. below Louisville. It is 160 yards wide at its mouth, and is navigable 65 miles. On its banks are innumerable salt licks. Salt river, r. Missouri, which joins the Mississip- pi, 103 m. above St. Louis, 73 above the mouth of the Illinois. It is navigable 200 miles. Salt spring, r. lndiana,which runs into the Ohio, 10 m. below the mouth of the Wabash. Saltpetre creek, r. Baltimore co. Md. which runs into the W. side of Gunpowder creek, 14 m. N.E, Baltimore. Salvages, group of uninhabited islands, off the coast of Africa, immediately N. of the Canaries, the largest is about a league in circumference. They belong to the Portuguese. Lon. 15 54' W. Lat. 30 4' N. Salvaignac, t. France, in Tarn. Pop. 1,200. 9 m. W. Guillac, 21 N. N. E. Toulouse. Salvatierra, the name of 4 small towns of Spain; one in Galicia, on the Minho, 30 m. N. Braga ; one in Navarre, ontheEzca, 24 m. E.Pampeluna; a third in Estremadura, 28 m. S. S. E. Badajos ; and a fourth in Alava, 14 m. E. N. E. Vittoria. Salvatierra, city, Mexico, in Valladolid, 30m. N. W. Mexico. Saluda, r. S. C. which runs S. E. and joins Broad river, just above Columbia, to form the Congaree. Saluder, r. Louisiana, runs E- and joins the Wa- chita. Salvetat rf' Jingles, La, France, in Herault, on the Agout. Pop. 2,800. 58 m. W. Montpelier. Lon. 2 6 32' 13" E. Lat. 43" 35' 53" N. Salviac, t. France, in Lot. Pop. 1,800. 16 m. N. N. W. Cahors. Salvm, or Bursalum, an African kingdom, on the N. bank of the Gambia. It is 120 miles long, 50 broad, and contains 300,000 inhabitants. It is traversed by a river of the same name, which ex- tends about thirty leagues up the country, and, on approaching the Atlantic, divides into several branches, and falls into the sea, in Lat. 13 14' N. Salurn, t. Austrian states, in Tyrol, on the Adige, 10m. N. Trent. Pop. 1,100. Salnl, Port, lies on the S. VV. side of St. Do- mingo, about 14 leagues from Les Caves. Lon.76 20' W. Lat. 18 6' N. Saluzzo, district, Sardinian states, in Piedmont, bounded by the county of Nice, the valley of Lu- cerne, and the frontier of France. Extent, 750 sq. miles. Pop. 126,000. SAM Saluszo, t. Sardinian states, capital of the dis- trict of the same name, near the source of the Po. Pop. above 10,000. It has manufactures of silk. It is the see of a bishop. 28 m. S. Turin. Lon. 7 26' E. Lat. 44 40' N. Salussola, t. Italy, in Piedmont. Pop. 2,000. 18 m. W. N. VV. Vercelli. Sahcatly, isl. in the Pacific ocean, separated from the N. W. coast of New Guinea, by a nar- row channel, called Revenge strait. It is about 90 miles in circumference. Lon. 131 15' E. Lat. i6's. Sals, r. Germany, which falls into the Rhine, 4 m. above Spire. Salza, or Salzach, r. Austria, in Salzburg, which rises in the S. part of the province, and passing Hallein, (where it begins to be navigable,) Salz- burg, and other towns, falls into the Inn. Salsa, r. Saxony, which flows through the ter- ritory of Nordhausen, and falls into the Helm. Salza, Great, t. Prussian Saxony, near the Elbe. Pop. 1,600. 12 m. S. E. Magdeburg. Lon. 12 E. Lat. 52 N. Salzburg, province, Austria, lying between Sty- ria, Tyrol, and Bavaria, extending from lat. 46 55' to 47 58' N. Area, since the cession of Berchtolsgaden to Bavaria, 2,800 sq. miles. Pop. 142,000. Its chief wealth consists in its minerals, viz. salt, gold, silver, iron and lead. The annual product of the salt mines of Hallein approaches to 100,000 sterling. , Salzburg, city, in the S. W. of Austria, capital of the preceding province, on the banks of the Salza. It is romantically situated amidst lofty mountains. Pop. 13,000. Here are a lyceum, with a theological and surgical school ; elementa- ry schools of different kinds, and a seminary for educating country schoolmasters. 63 m. E. S. E. Munich. Lon. 13 1' 25" E. Lat. 47 43' 10" N. Salzburg, or Sovar, t. Hungary, with several brine springs, which produce about 6,000 tons of salt annually. 84 m. N. N. E. Erlau. Pop. 4,000. Satzburg,or Vizakna^. Transylvania,4m.N.W. Hermannstadt. Salz der Helden, t. Hanover, on the Leine. 2 m. S. E. Eimbeck, 19 N. Gottingen. Pop. 1 ,000. Sah-detfurty t. Hanover, 8 m. S. S. E. Hildes- heim. Salzgitter, t. Hanover, 1 1 m. N. Goslar. Pop. 1,600. Salz-kammergut, district of Upper Austria, ly- ing between Styria and the lake of Traun, on both sides of the river Traun. Extent, 254 sq. miles. Pop. about 14,000, partly Lutherans, but chiefly Calvinists. Salzkotten, or Soltkotl, t. Prussian Westphalia, in Paderborn. Pop. 1,200. 8 m. W. S. W. Pa- derborn, 11 E. by S. Lipstadt. Lon. 8 35' I' 1 E. Lat 51 40' 45" N. Salzo, t. Italy, in Parma, situated on an emi- nence in Stato Palavicino. Salzschlurf, t. Hesse-Cassel, 9 m. W. Fulda. Salzuflen, t. Germany, in Lippe-Detmold, 12 .! :. N N. W. Detmold. Pop. 1,300. Salzangen, t. Germany, in Saxe-Meinungen, on the Werra, 10 m. N. W. Schmalcalden. Pop. 2,200. Salzwedel, or Sollwedel, t. Prussian Saxony, in Magdeburg, on the Jeetze, 72 m. E. Hamburgh. Pop. 6,000. Samadet, t. France, in Landes. Pop. 1,300. 9 m. S, bv E. St. Sever, SAM 687 Samak, or Samahe, isl. in the S. W. part of the gulf of Persia, about 12 leagues in circumference. Samakov, t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania. 33 m. S. S. E. Sofia. Samaloul, v. Upper Egypt, on the W. side of the Nile, 14 m. S. Girge. Samana, t. Hind. m. Delhi. Lon. 75 48' E. Lat. 30 2' N. Samana, large bay at the E. end of the island of St. Domingo, which opens to the N. E. between Cape Samana, which is also called Cape Reson or Cape Grondeur, on the N.; and Cape Raphael, 20 m. S. E. of the former. Its breadth is about 11 miles, and its length 39. It offers a safe shelter to the largest squadrons, and is a key to the whole gulf of Mexico. Samana, isl. near the E. coast of Hispaniola, 33 m. long, and from 7 to 9 broad. Lon. 69 22' VV. Lat. 19 13' N. Samana, or Crooked Island, one of the Bahama islands. Lon. 74 4' W. Lat. 22 50' N. Samanap, t. on the S. E. coast of the island of Madura. Lon. 114 E. Lat. 7 5' S. Samand, t. Hind, in Moultan, on the E. side of the river Indus. Lon. 19 57' E. Lat. 28 11' N. Samar, one of the Philippines, situated S. E. from the large island of Luzon, from which it is separated by a strait about 5 leagues in breadth, It is 140 miles long by 60 broad. The galleon touches here on the passage from Acapulco to Ma- nilla, which attracts the Indians from the neigh- bouring islands. Lon. 124 15' to 125 52' E. Lat, 11 15' to 1245'N. Samara, t. Russia, in Simbirsk, on the Wolga at the junction of Samara river. Pop. 2,600. 105 m. S. E. Simbirsk. Samara, r. Eu. Russia, in Ekaterinoslav, which falls into the Dnieper. Samara, t. Irak Arabi, on the Tigris. 60 m. N, Bagdad. Samarang, t. Java, on the N. coast. It is forti- fied and next to Java is the principal place on the island. 343 m. E. of Batavia. Lon. 110 38' E. Lat. fi 54' S. Samarcand, a great city of Asia on the Sogdb, once the capital of Independent Tartary, and un- der Timur, of an empire which extended over a great part of the continent. The capital is now transferred to Bukharia. Samarcand, has manufac- tures of leather, cotton and silk, and carries on an extensive commerce with Persia, India and China, but is chiefly famous among the Mahometans as a seat of learning. Here is an astronomical obser- vatory. 180m. S. Bulkh. Lon. 64 9' E. Lat, 39 37' 23'' N. Samartan, t. France, in Gers, on the Save. Pop, 1,600. 17 m. S. E. Auch. Samaval, t. in the Syrian desert, to the W. of the Euphrates, 90 m. W. Meshed Ali. Samba, seaport, New Granada, 30 m. N. E, Carthagena, Lon. 75 16' W. Lat. 10 40' N. Sambah, t. Hind, in Lahore, belonging to the Seiks. Lon. 74 8' E. Lat. 32 34' N. Samballas, clusters of small islands in the Spaa- ish Main, among which clusters are the Cama*, Mulatas and Sagua. Lon. 78 25' W. Lat. 9 26' N. Samballas Point, or Point San Bias, cape on the N. coast of the isthmus of Darien. Lon. 79 14* W. Lat. 936'N. Sambass, t. on the W. coast of Borneo, on a riv- er of the same name, 40 m, from its mouth. Loa, 109 25' E. Lat.l3'N. 688 SAM Sambaya, or Solo River, r. on the N. ooast of the island of Java-, and the largest in the island affording good navigation into the interior. Sambelong Islands, belonging to the Nicobar islands, N. of the Great Nicobar. Lon. 100 36' E. Lat. 41 20' N. Samber, t. Hind, in A jmeer, situated in the vi- cinity of a salt lake, 13 miles long by 2 broad, from whence the greater part of Hindoostan proper is supplied with salt. Lon. 75 20' E. Lat. 26 55' N. Sambhar, Cape, cape on the S. W. coast of the island of Borneo. Lon. 109 50' E. Lat. 2 25' S. Samboangan, Spanish t. at the S. VV. extremity of the island of Magindanao, on the banks of a small river, with a fort. Pop. 1,000. To this place criminals from the Philippines are sent into banishment. Lon. 122 10' E Lat. 6 45' N. Sambor, a circle of Austrian Galicia, lying to the N. of Hungary. Extent, 1,780 sq. miles. Pop. 237,000. Sambor, t. and the chief place of the above cir- cle in a large plain, on the banks of the Dniester, 46 m. S. VV. Lemberg, 160 E. S. E. Cracow. It is the seat of a criminal court, has a gymnasium, and a high school. Pop. 6,400, partly Catholics, partly of the Greek church. Lon. 23 14' 30" E. Lat. 49 31' 30" N. Samborough, Cape, cape on the S. E. coast of Nova Scotia. On it is a light-house. Lon. 63 22' W. Lat. 44 30' N. Sambre, r. which rises in French Flanders, near Landrecies, passes by Charleroi, and falls into the Meuse at Namur. Samburgh Head, cape, Scotland, at the S. E. extremity of the island of Shetland. Lon. 1 39' E. Lat. 39 44' N. Samee, t. Gallam, in W. Africa, on the Sene- gal, 20m. E. Toag. Samen, province of Abyssinia, traversed by a chain of immense mountains, extending along the banks of the Tacazze, and separating Tigre from Amhara. Samer, t. France, in Pas de Calais, 12 m. S. E. Boulogne. Pop. 1,600. Samganoodha, or Samnanoodha, harbor on the N. E. side of Oonalashka island, with several fath- oms water. Lon. 166 30' 15" W. Lat. 59 55' N. Samgaum, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, on the N. side of Pennar river. Lon. 70 44' E. Lat. 14 33' N. Samlesbury, v. Eng. in Lancashire, 5 m. N. W. Blackburn. * Pop. 1,589. Samo, Capo, promontory on the N. E. coast of Cephalonia. Samoczyn, or Szumacin, t. Prussian Poland, 35 m. W. Bromberg. Pop. 1,100. Samoen, t. Savoy. Pop. 3,100. 24 m. W. Ge- neva. Samogitia, or Ssamait, county, forming the N. W. part of Russian Lithuania, and having part of its western boundary along the Baltic. Samon, isl. in the Eastern seas to the N. W. of Timor. Samos, isl. of the Grecian archipelago, separated by a narrow strait from the continent of Asia Mi- nor. It is 24 miles long, 12 broad, and about 70 in circumference. Pop. 12,000, according to oth- ers, 60,000. A Turkish aga, resides here ; but the whole power is in the hands of the Greeks, and the inhabitants enjoy something of a republican form of government. Samos is reckoned the rich- est island of the archipelago. It exports grapes, SAN raisins, and wine. It produces also valuable mar- ble, and contains mines of lead, silver and gold. Cora is the capital ; but the principal town in Vahti, with a large aud convenient harbour. Lou. 2650'E. Lat. 37 43' N. Samosch, or Szamos, Great and Liltle, two riv- ers of Transylvania. The great Samosch has its source on the borders of Moldavia, receives the Little Samos at Dees, enters Hungary, and joins the Theyss. It is navigable from the borders of Hungary. Samothraki, (an. Samothrace,} isl. of the Gre- cian archipelago, to the N. of the entrance to the Dardanelles, and near the island of Imbro. It is about 17 miles in circuit. Samoycdes, or Kfiasovo, a savage people in Rus- sia, on the coast of the Frozen ocean. Their coun- try extends from the river Mesen, which tails into the White sea in Europe, eastward to the Olenek in Asia, or between 40 and 120 E. Ion. Th breadth of this territory from IS. to S. is from 300 to 600 miles. Pop. not above 20,000. They are divided into three great tribes, differing some- what in language and manners ; the Vanoites, in the vicinity of Obdorsk ; the Tysia-Igoley, on the Mesen, and in the interior of the government of Archangel ; and the Khirutch.es, who fill the re- moter and interior parts of Siberia. Sampaka, t. Ludamar, in central Africa. 55 m. E. of Benowm. Sampanmango, Cape, the N. VV. point of the isl- and of Borneo/ Lon. lib 10 52' E. Lat. T N. Sanipara, t. on the W. coast of the island of Ce- lebes. Lon. 1 19 10' E. Lat. 2 21' S. Sampoo, small isl. in the Eastern seas, near the S. coast of Java. Lon. 1 12 26' E. Lat. 8 23' b. Sampson, co. in the S. part of N. C. Pop. 8,908. Slaves 2,857. Engaged in agriculture 2,746. At the court-house is a post office. Samptoicn, v. Middlesex co. N. J. 13 m. S. W. Elizabethtown. Samrongur, t. Hind, in Nepaul. Lon. 85 30' E . Lat. 26 45' N. Samsoe, or Sams, small isl. Denmark, in the Cattegat belonging to Zealand, about 12 miles long and 3 broad. Pop. 4,800. Lon. 10" 23' E. Lat. 55 49' N. Samsoon, an. Jlmisus, city of Asia Minor, on the coast of the Black sea. Pop. 2,000. 50 m. N. W. Tocat. It carries on a brisk trade with Con- stantinople, and the other ports on the Black sea. Lon. 36 20' E. Lat. 41 4' N. Samter, t. Prussian Poland, 20m. N. W. Posen. Pop. 1,300. Samuel, Point, cape on the W. coast of Admi- ralty island, N. of Hood's bay, in the North Pa- cific ocean. Lon. 225 33' E. Lat. 57 28' N. Samulcotla, t. Hind, in the Circars. Lon. 82 30' E. Lat. 17"5'N. Samur, t. Shirvan, in Persia, on the Caspian, at the mouth of a small river of the same name, If, m. S. Derbend. San, r. Austrian Poland, which rises in the Car- pathian mountains, and flowing N. W. falls iulo the Vistula, near Sendomir. It forms part of the boundary between Russian Poland and Austrairi Galida. San, r. China, which falls into the gulf of Leao- ton. Lon. 1 ] 7 28' E. Lat. 39 9 ' N. San Bias, seaport on the W. coast of Mexico, on an island at the mouth of tho Hir> (Brando dft Santiago. SAN Sun del Base, isl. Eastern seas. Lon. 120 31' E. Lat. 10 27' S. San Fernando, t. Chili, cap. of the province of Colchagua, near the river Tinguirririca. It con- tains about 1,500 families. San Luis de Gonsaga, or Eslancia del Rey, t. Chili, cap. of Huilquilemu, near the Biobio. Lat. 36 45' S. San Pedro de Batopilas, t. Mexico, in Durango, W. of Rio Conchos. Pop. 8,000. Sana, r. Switzerland, which runs into the Aar, 3 m. S. Aarburg. Sana, city, Arabia, cap. of Yemen, and resi- dence of the Imam. 128 m. N. N. E. Mocha. Lon. 44 9' E. Lat. 15" 21' N. Sana, province of Peru, bounded E. and N. E. by Cuxamarca, N. and N. W. by Piura, and W. by the Pacific, along the coast of which it extends 75 miles. It is 25 leagues long from S. E. to N. W. and 14 wide. Sana, cap. of the above, is on the river of its name, on the coast of the Pacific ocean. 80 m. N. of Truxillo. Lon. 79 35' 30" W. Lat. 6' 52' S. Sanashygoila, t. Bengal, in Pumeah, on the E. bank of the Mahanuddy river. Lon. 88 32' E. Lat. 26 35' N. Sanbornloicn, p-t. Stratford co. N. H. on the point of land between Winnipiseogee and Pemi- gewasset rivers, 20 m. N. Concord. It contains an academy and 3 churches, 2 for Baptists, and 1 for Congregationalists. Pop. 3,329. Sancerre, t. France, in Cher, on an eminence near the Loire. Pop. 2,500. 12 m. N. E. Bour- ges. Lon. 2 55' E. Lat. 47" 20' N. Sanchelle, cape on the W. coast of Portugal, 2 m. S. E. Cape Roca. Sancoins, t. France, in Cher. Pop. 1,400. 13 m. S. W. Nevers. Sancot, t. Hind, in Serinagur. Lon. 79 33 E. Lat. 30 10' N. Sand, v. Germany, in Franconia, on the Maine, near Zeil. Pop. 1,500. Sanda, small isl. Scotland, on the coast of Kin- tyre. Sanda,t. Hind, in Sinde, on the S. bank of Goonee river. Lon. not ascertained. Lat. 25 6' N. Sandakan Bay, bay on the E. coast of the isl- and of Borneo. Lon. 118 20' E. Lat. 5 42' N. Sandanah, Cape, the N. E. extremity of the .island of Java. Lon. 114 35' E. Lat. 7 46' S. Sandarlie, t. on the W. coast of Asia Minor , near the head of the gulf of Sandarlie, 50 m. N. N. W. Smyrna. Sandau', t. Bohemia, 39 m. N. W. Pilsen. Sandau, t. Prussian Saxony, on the Elbe, 48 m. N. by E. Magdeburg. Pop. 1,400. Sanday,one of the Orkney isles, about 13 miles long from N. W. to S. E. Here is a lighthouse. Pop. 1,800. Sandbay, r. Illinois, which runs into the Missis- sippi, between the Illinois and Rock rivers. Sandbeach, or Sandbnch,t. Eng. in Cheshire, on the river Wheelock, which falls into the Dane, 5 m. below. Pop. 2,311. 26m. E. Chester, 161 N. N. W. London. Lon. 2 23' W. Lat. 53 8' N. Sandec, one of the 18 circles into which Austri- an Galicia is divided. Sq. miles 1,400. Pop. 196,000. SarJec, JVew, chief town of the above circle, it 87 SAN 689 on the Donajetz, 160 rn. W. Lemberg, 44 S. W. Cracow. Pop. 3,700. Sandd Bosch, or Sundana Island, isl. in the Eastern seas, 80 miles from E. to W. and 15 to 36 broad. Lon. 119 33' to 120 E. Lat 9 35' to 10 15' S. Sandelwood Isle, isl. in the Eastern seas, S. of Floris, about lat. 10 N. 100 miles long by 30 broad. Sanderay, isl. of the Hebrides. Lon 7 30 7 W. Lat. 56 52' N. Sander-rocel, Cape, promontory on the S. W. coast of Majorca. Lon. 2 40' E. Lat. 39 27' N. Sanders, v. Fayette co. Ken. 2 m. from Lex- ington. Sandersleben, t. Upper Saxony, in Anhalt Des- sau, on the Wipper. Pop. 1,600. 18 m. S. E. Quedlinburg. Sanderson'' s Hope, cape on the coast of Amer- ica, in Davis' straits. Lon. 67 W. Lat. 66" 20' N. Sandersville, t. and cap. Washington co. Geo. 26 m. E. Milledgeville. Sandford, p-t. York co. Maine, 20 m. N. York. Sandgale, hamlet, Eng. in Kent, on the sea coast. Sandgate, t. Bennington co. Vt. 20 m. N. Ben- nington. Pop. 1,185. Sandhamm, isl. fort, and harbor of Sweden, 10 in. E. Stockholm. Sanding Isles, Pulo Sanding, or Sandiang, two small islands, of the S. W. coast of Sumatra, near the south-eastern extremity of the Nassau or Pog gy isles, in which group they are sometimes in- cluded. Sandisfield, p-t. Berkshire co. Mass. 20m. S. E. Lenox. Pop. 1,646. It is now united to South- field. Sandiston, t. Sussex co. N. J. on the Delaware, llm. above Walpack. Pop. 858. Sand lake, p-t. Reiisselaer co. N. Y. 8 m. E. Al- bany. Pop. 3,302. Sandomir, palatinate of Poland, according to the territorial division of 1815, bounded by the Vistula, the Pilica, and the palatinate of Cracow. Area, 4,700 sq. miles. Pop;- 448,000. Sandomir, t. Poland, cap. of the above, is on the Vistula, opposite to the influx of the San. Pop. 2,100. 108m. S. by E.Warsaw. Sundown, v. Eng. in the Isle of Wight, on a bay of the same name, 2 m. S. Brading. Sandown, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 23 m. W. Portsmouth. Pop; 527. Sand's point, the N. extremity of Cow neck, in North Hempstead, v on Long Island, N. Y. Here is a lighthouse. Sandvliet, t. and fort, Netherlands, in Antwerp, on the Scheldt. Pop. 1,100. 11 m. N. N. W. Antwerp. Sandusky, r. Ohio, which after a N. W. course of 80 miles, runs into Sandusky bay in lake Erie. It is navigable 18 miles to the rapids. The port- age between this river and the Scioto is only 4 miles. Sandusky bay, a large bay of Ohio, setting up from Lake Erie in a westerly direction, about 20 mile.?, having a width of 3 or4 miles. Sandusky, co. Ohio, around Sandusky bay, form- ed in 1820, in the Indian reservation. Pop. 852. Engaged in agriculture 181, in commerce 5, in manufactures 21. Chief town, Chroghansville. Sanduxkij, t. Sandusky co. Ohio, on Sandusky river, opposite Croghausville. Pop. 243. A N SAN Scuidusky, t. Richland co. Ohio. Fop. i^P. Sandusky city, or Portland, t. Huron co. Ohio, on the shore of Sand u sky bay, 2 m. from Lnkc Erie, 25 N. E. Croghansvffle, 100 N. Columbus, 260 W. Buffalo. It has a good harbor with 12 or 14 feet water, and ?r advantageously situated for trade. It is regularly laid out, and contains a printing office from which a newspaper is issued. The steam-boat touches at this place, on its pas- sage between Buffalo and Detroit. Sandusky, Lower, and Upper. See Fort Ferree and Fort Stephenson. Sandwich, borough, and seaport, Eng. in Kent, one of the Cinque Ports. It stands on the river Stour, 2m. from the mouth. It sends two mem- bers to parliament. Pop. 2,735. 13 m. E. Can- terbury, 67 E. by S. London. Lon. 1 20' W. Lat. 51 16' N. Sandwich, t. cap. of Essex co. Upper Canada, on the river Detroit. It contains 2 churches, 1 for Roman Catholics, 1 for Episcopalians. 14 m. N. Amherstburgh, 2 below Detroit. Sandwich, p-t. Strafford co. N. H. 52 m. N. Con- cord. Pop. 2,368. Sandicich, Cape, cape on the N. E. coast of New Holland. Lon. 2 13' 45" W. Lat. 18 28' S. Sandwich Gulf, a large bay at the S.E. extrem- ity of Floridn. Sandwich Islands, group of Islands in the N. Pacific ocean, discovered by captains Cook and King, in the year 1778. They consist of 11 isl- ands, lying between lat. 18 54 and 22 15' N. and between Ion. 199 36' and 205 6' E. They ex- tend in a direction W. N.W. and E, S. E.; Owhy- hee being the southeastern island, and Oueehow the northwestern. The length, breadth, sq. miles, and estimated population of each is given in the following table : Owhyhee length. 97 breadth 78 sq. miles 4.000 population. 150,000 Mowee 48 29 600 65,000 Tahoorowa 11 8 60 Ranai 17 9 110 20,000 Morotoi 40 9 170 36,000 Wonhoo 46 23 520 60,000 Atooi 33 28 520 54,000 Oneehow 20 7 80 10,500 Tahoora 1 i uninhab. Morotinnee uninhab. Reehoua. Total 6,000 400,000 The following distances of the different islands from each other are estimated from the nearest parts of one island to the nearest parts of the oth- er. Mowee is N. W. of Owhyhee, 30 miles : Mo- rotoi VV. N. W. of Mowee 10 ; from Owhyhee 75: Tahoorowa, S. W. of the southern part of Mowee, 7; from Owhyhee 38 : Ilanai, W. of Mowee, 9; and the same distance S. of Morotoi : Woahoo, W. N. W. of Morotoi, 27; from Owhyhee, 130 : Atooi, W. N. W. of Woahoo, 75 ; from Owhyhee, 230 : Oneehow, VV. S.VV. of Atooi, 17; from Owhy- hee, 290 : Tahoora, little more than a rock, S.VV. of Oneehow, 23. The distance from the eastern point of Owhyhee to the N. VV. side of Oneehow is about 390 miles. These islands since their discovery ,were for a long time involved in a series of most destructive wars, in consequence of the struggle of rival chiefs, for the sovereignty. The result of the contest threw the chief dominion into the hands of the late Ta- maahama, a vigorous and sagacious prince. With the assistance of Young and Davies, two English- men who were settled in the island. Tamaahama encouraged his subjects to prosecute with indus- try and perseverance, the most useful European trades, and also procured American and European artificers about him, who instructed his subject? in the knowledge of many mechanical arts. In 1802, he had upwards of 20 vessels of different sizes, from 25 to 70 tons ; some of them copper- bottomed. He had also a palace built after the European style, of brick, with glazed windows, and defended by a battery of 10 guns. So bent was this Indian chief on the pursuit of political greatness, that, though he was at one time strong- ly addicted to drunkenness, he gave up all excess. and practised ever after the greatest moderation in the use of intoxicating liquors. The Sand- wich islanders now frequently make voyages to the N. W. coast of America, and are anxious te open a communication with China In 1819, the American Board of Foreign Mis- sions sent out a Mission Family to these islands. consisting of 22 persons, viz. 2 ordained missiona- ries, 2 catechists and schoolmasters, a farmer, a printer, and their wives and families, together with 3 natives of the Sandwich islands, who had been educated at the Foreign Mission School in Cornwall, Connecticut. Accompanying the Mis- sion also was George Tamoree, son of the king of Atooi, who received his education at the Foreign Mission School. They embarked at Boston, Oct. 23d. At this time the news had not reached America, of the wonderful revolution that was then going on in these islands, by which the way was prepared for the favorable reception of the Gospel. Upon the death of Tamaahama in 1819, the government and people of the Sandwir.h isl- ands determined almost unanimouslv to abandon their idols, and to commit them with all the mon- uments of idolatry to the flames. This was done at Owhyhee, then at Woahoo, and then at Atooi, without the least opposition. Tamoree, king of Atooi, even expressed a strong desire that mis- sionaries would come and teach the people to read and write. The principal means which provi- dence used to bring about this surprising revolu- tion, was the continually repeated rumor of what had been done in the Society Islands, and the con- tinually repeated assurance of our sea-captains and sailors, that the whole system of idolatry was foolish and stupid. On their arrival the Mission- aries were well received, and entered imme- diately on the business of instruction. They have now 2 stations, one at Wymai on the island of Atooi ; the other at Hanaroorah on Woahoo, where a church is erected. Funds of more than $800 have been collected for an orphan school ; other schools hare also been established. A rein- forcement of this mission embarked at New Ha- ven, Ct. Nov. 19th 1822, consisting of 18 persons, viz. 3 ordained clergymen, 1 physician, and 2 li- censed preachers, all married men ; a catechist, a colored woman, 3 natives of the Sandwich islands and 1 Otah-itan. Sandwich, isl. in the Eastern seas, opposite to the island of New Ireland. Lon. of the W. point 50 54 15" E. Lat. 2 59' 26" S. Sandirich Land, the most southerly land dis- covered iij the S. Atlantic ocean, otherwise called Sou! hern Thicle. Lat. 59 30' S. SAN Sandwich River, or Hawked River, r. Nova Sco- tia, which runs into Chebucto bay. Sandy, t. Hind, in Oude. Lon. 79 58' E. Lat. IT 18' N. Sandy, t Stark co. Ohio. Pop. 509. Sandy, t. Tuscarawas co. Ohio. Pop. 579. Sandy, Cape, cape at the E. point of Harvey's bay, on the E. coast of New Holland. Lon. 153 16' E. Lat. 24 42' S. Sandy Cove, lies N. W. of Cape Ann, Mass. Lon. 70 30' W. Lat. 42 45' N. Sandy Creek, r. Genesee co. N. Y. which runs into Lake Ontario in the town of Murray. Sandy Creek, t. Mercer co. Pa. Pop. 520. Sandy Creek, r. Ohio, which runs into Nimi- shillen creek, 5 miles above its junction with the Muskingum. Sandy Creek, r. Illinois, which runs into the Ohio between Saline river and Fort Massac. Sandy Desert, an extensive desert, Hind, in Gu- jerat. Sandy Fork, p-v. Mecklenburg co. Va. Sandy Hill, p-v. Kingsbur.y township, in Wash- ington co. N. Y. is a handsome compact village, on a high sandy plain, on the E. bank of the Hud- son, immediately above Baker's falls, 52 m. N. of Albany, 18 from Saratoga springs. It is near the point where the Champlain canal meets the Hud- son, and is a place of considerable trade. The courts of Washington co. are alternately held here and at Salem. Here is a bank. Sandy Hook, in Middleton, N. J. 25 m. S. New^ York. 'Lon. 74 2' W. Lat 40 30' N. Here is a lighthouse. Within the hook is a safe and capa- cious harbor. Sandy Hook, p-v. Culpeperco. Va. Sandy Inlet, channel between two small islands near the coast of North Carolina. Lon. 77 34' W. Lat. 34 29' N. Sandy Lake, t. Mercer co. Pa. Pop. 427. Sandy Lake, lake in N. W. Territory, about 12 miles in circumference, communicating with the Mississippi by Sandy Lake river, which is 2 miles long, 30 yards wide at its mouth, and beatable. On the S. shore of the lake, near its outlet, is a fort erected by the N. W. Fur Company in 1794, and now in possession of the American S. W. Company. The elevation of the lake above lake Superior, is estimated by Schoolcraft at more than 500 feet. It receives West Savannah river, from which there is a portage of 6 miles to the East Savannah flowing into St. Louis river. This is the usual route of communication between the Great lakes and the Mississippi. Sandy Point, the N. point of Nantucket island, Mass. Lon. 70 W. Lat. 41 23' N. Sandy Point, the S. E. extremity of Barnstable . Mass. Lon. 69 35' W. Lat. 41 24' N. Sandy Point, t. and port of entry, on the S. W. coast of the island of St. Christopher. Lon. 62 6 45' W. Lat. 1727'N. Sandy River, r. Maine, which runs N. E. and ioinstheKennebeckin Starks, 6 m. above Nor- ridgewock. Sandy River, Kentucky. See Big Sand. Sandy Spring, p-v. Montgomery co. Md. Sandy Spring, p-t. Adams co. Ohio. Sandy Store, p-v. Columbiana co. Ohio. Sane, r. Prussia, in Brandenburg, which falls into the Spree, 12 m. above Berlin. Sanford, t. York co. Maine, 20 m. N. of York. Pop. 1,8.31, Sanford, i. Broome co. N. Y. SAN 691 San/re, or Sanfront, t. Italy, in Piedmont, near the Po. Pop. 3,800. Sanga, seaport of Japan, in the island of Ximo, 40 m. N. E. Nangasaki. Sangalhos, t. Portugal, in Beira, on the Agueda, 10 m. W. by N. Aveiro. Sangallan* Cape Gallan, or Cangallan, on the coast of Peru, N. N. W. of the island of Lobos, and 3 m. N. W. Carette island. Sangama, r. W. Africa, which crosses the coun- try of Waree, and falls into the Atlantic, near Cape Formosa Sangamoin, r. Illinois, which falls into Illinois river from the E. It is navigable 150 miles. Sangamsere, t. Hind, in Bejapore, on the Jaigur river. Lon. 73 15' E. Lat. 17 11' N. Sahganeer, ti Hind, in Ajmeer, near the Chum- bul river. Sangara, t. Hind, in Bejapore, at the junction of the Manzora with the Godavery. Lon. 78 12' E. Lat. 1849'N. Sangay, mountain of Quito, in the province of Quixos and Macas, 16,122 feet high, with a vol- cano. Sangay, r. E. Africa, which falls into the chan- nel of Mpsambique. Lat. 13 22' S. Sangerfidd, t. Hancock co. Maine, on Piscata- quis river. Pop. 310. Sangerjield, p-t. Oneida co. N. Y. 15 m. S. by W. Utica. Pop. 2,01 1. Here is a printing office, at which a weekly newspaper is published. Sangershausen, t. Prussian Saxony, in Thurin- gia. Pop. 3,600. 36 m. N. N. E. Erfurt, 44 W. by N. Leipsic. Sangerville, t. Penobscotco. Maine, 35 m. N. W. Bangor. Sangir, isl. in the Eastern seas, 40 m. long, and 10 to 15 broad. It has several good bays, and is surrounded by 46 smaller islands. It affords re- freshments of various kinds, such as bullocks, hogs, goats, poultry, and cocoa-nuts ; also spices, with which a trade is carried on to Magindanao. The Dutch have a fort here, and by the exertions of the missionaries, Christianity has been propa- gated among the natives with considerable suc- cess. Pop. estimated at above 12,000. Chief town-, Taroona. Lon. 125 44' E. Lat. 3 28' N. Sangro, r. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra, which falls into the Adriatic. Sanguesa, t. Spain, in Navarre, on the river Ar- ragon, 25 m. S. S. W. Pampeluna, 51 N.W. Sara- gossa. Pop. 2,600. Sanguin, seaport on the Grain coast of Africa. Sanguinary r. Italy, in the Popedom, which falls into the Tuscan sea. Sanguinetto, t. Austrian Italy, 19 m. S. S. E. Verona. Sangur, t. and fort, Hind, in Allahabad. Lon. 78 5 'E. Lat. 23 50' N. Sanfore, t. Hind, in Ajmeer, on the E. side of Bah river. Lon. 72 16' E. Lat. 25 3' N. Sanna, r. Eu. Turkey, in Bosnia, which joins the Unna, atNovi. Sannak, cluster of islands in the N. Pacific, near the S. coast of Alashka. Lon. 196 29' E. Lat. 54 50' N. Sanok, a circle of Austrian Galicia, on the bor- ders of Hungary, between the circles of Jaslo and Sambor. Area about 1,800 square miles. Pop. 211,000. Sanok, t. Austrian Galicia, on the San, 104 m. E. S. E. of Cracow. Pop. 1,600. Sanqucl, r. Patagonia, which rises in the Cor- 692 SAN dilleras, and being joined by the Lolgcn, enters into the Rio Negro by a wide mouth. Its course is S. E. Length 300 miles. Sawjuhar, royal burgh, Scotland, in Dumfries, seated on the river Nith. Pop. 2,000. 57 m. S. Glasgow, 56 from Edinburgh. Sansa, r. New Granada, in San Juan de los Llanos, which runs E. and enters the Ariuri. Sandsanding, t. Bambarra, in Central Africa, on the Niger, with a very considerable trade, particularly in salt. 25 miles N. E. of Sego. Sansigo, isl. Austrian Italy, in the gulf of Quar- nero, belonging to Fiume. Sansonate, or La Trinidad, s-p. Guatimala, cap. of a district of 40,000 inhabitants, on the river Sansonate, at its mouth. 120 m. S. E. Mexico. Pop. 2,000. Satila, a division of the province of Lima, in Peru, about 40 league? long from N. to S. and 12 wide, bounded E. by Guailas, N. by Truxillo, S. E. by Caxatambo, and VV. by the Pacific. Santa, t. and cap. of the above, is on a river of the same name, which falls into the Pacific. 210 m N. N. W. Lima. Lon. 78 30' W. Lat. 09' S. Santa Barbara, seaport on the coast of N. America, in New California, where is a mission established by the Spaniards. Pop. 1,100. Lon. 240 43' E. Lat. 34 24' N. Santa Barbara, isl. in the N. Pacific, 40 m. from the coast of New California. Lon. 241 16' E. Lat. 33 24' N. Santa Catalina, one of Solomon's islands. Lon. 162 31' 30" E. Lat. 10 53' 50" S. Santa Catalina, isl. off the W. coast of New California. Lon. 242 7' E. Lat. 33 22' N. Santa Clara, or Muerto, isl. on the coast of Peru, in the bay of Guayaquil. Lon. 80 14' W. Lat. 3 15' ft. Santa Clara, mission of Franciscan friars, on the VV. coast of N. America. 40 m. S. S. E. St. Francisco. Santa. Cruz, seaport, of the island ofTeneriffe, capital of the Canaries, and residence of the gov- ernor. It has a fine road, with safe anchor- age for ships of war. It is the centre of the trade of these islands and here vessels stop for refresh- ments on the voyage between America and In- dia. Pop. about 8,400. Santa Cruz de la Sierra, province of Buenos Ayres, bounded N. by Moxos, and E. ?nd S. by Indian territories, S. W. by Tomina, and W. by Mizque. It is 84 miles long by 54 broad. Pop. 16,000. Santa Fe, t. Mexico, in Guanaxuato. It con- tains about 5,000 families of mestizoes and mu- lattoes. 60 leagues VV. N. VV. Mexico. Lat. 22 4' N. Santa Fe, province, New Granada, named from Santa Fe de Bogota, the capital. Santa Fe, t. Buenos Ayres, at the conflux of the Salado with the Paraguay. Lon. 60 W. Lat. 31 50' S. Santa Fe, city, and cap. of New Mexico, the gee of a bishop, and residence of a governor, is on a small river which runs into the del Norte. 1,131 m. N. N. W. Mexico, 1,020 N. VV. New- Orleans. Lon. 108 48' VV. Lat. 36 50' N. Pop. 4,500. Santa Fe d" 1 Antioquia, t. New Granada, in An- tioquia, on the Tanuzca, 2 miles from the river Cauca. It has several churches. 2fJO m. N. Po- payan. Lou. 74 36' VV. Lat. 6 48' N. Santa Fe de Bogota, city and cap. of New Gra- S A N nada, on a branch oflhe Mngdalena. Lon. 74 7' W . Lat. 5 24' N. Pop. 40,000. Santa Maria, small isl. nrar the coast of Chili. Lon. 73 31' W. Lat. 37 10' S. Santa Maria, the most southerly of the Azore islands, in the Atlantic, about 30 miles in circum- ference. Lon. 25 9' W. Lat. 36 57' N. Fop. 5,000. Santa Maria, Maura, &c. See St. Maria, &c. Santa Rosa. t. Mexico, in Cohahuila, 38 m. N. W. Montelovez. Pop. 4,0(K). Santa Rosa, i?l. in the N. Pacific ocean, 80 m. from the coast of New Albion. Lon. 240 22* E. Lat. 33 58' N. Sanfander, or St. Andcro, province, Spain, called properly Las Montanas de Santander and de Bur- gos, or simply Las Montanas, on the bay of Bis- cay, between Asturias, Old Castile, and Biscay proper. Santander, the capital of the above, is situated on the declivity of a hill, in a circular peninsula, to the east of Santillana. It has a port commodious and well sheltered, of easy access for merchant vessels of all sizes and protected by forts. Its trade is with Spanish America and the north of Europe, and its chief export is wool. It is the see of a bishop. 50 miles N. W. Bilboa, and 79 N.Bur- gos. Lon. 3 40' 15'' W . Lat. 43 28' 20'' N. Pop. 10,000. Santander, New. See Potnsi, San Luis. Santanilla, or Swan Islands, 2 small islands in the bay of Honduras. Lon. 85 30' W. Lat. 17 20' N. Santarem, t. Portugal, on the right bank of the Tagus, 47m. N. E. Lisbon. It contains 13 parish churches, 14 monasteries, and an academy of his- tory and antiquities. Pop. 8,000. Lon. 8 9' W. Lat. 39 17' N. Santee River, the principal river of S.Caroli- na, is formed by the union of the Congaree and Wateree, about 25 miles S. E. of Columbia. It runs S. E. and falls into the ocean by two mouths, in lat. 33 12' N. It is navigable at some seasons to Morgantown, N. Carolina, on the Wateree branch ; and on the Congaree, steam-boats as- cend as far as Columbia. There is a canal, 22 miles long, connecting the Snntee with Cooper river, by which the produce of a large section of this State, and of a part of N. Carolina, is carried to the city of Charleston. Santelmo, isl. in the Pacific. Lon. 152 25' E. Lat. 28 S. Santenay, t. in the island of Majorca. Pop. 2,900. 30 m. E S. E. Palma. Sanlenay, v. France, in Cote d'Or. Pop. 1 ,200. 9 m. S. W. Beaune. Sanlerno, r. Ecclesiastical States, which rises in the Appenines, and falls into the Po d'Argento, 14m. N. Comacchio. Santia, t. Italy, in Piedmont. Pop. 2,900. 28 m. N. E. Turin. Santiago. See Compostdla. Sanlillana,'t. Spain, in Santander. Pop. 1,600. 14 m. W. S. VV. Saritandcr, 92 E. by N. Oviedo. Snnliponce, or Santiponte, (an. Ilalica,) v. Spain, on flic right hank of the Gundiana. Here are some Roman antiquities. 4 m. N. N. W. Seville. Santipore, t. Bengal, 2 m. E. Bhagurutty river. Lon. 234'F I/at. 23 13' N. Sfntiiranf-s, t. Spain, in Burgos, 7 m. N. N. W. Burgos. Santonn, harbour, Spain, 18 m. E. Santander. Santorini, Sanlorin, St. Erini, or St. Itxne, (an. S A R Thera, or Cafote,) island in the Grecian archipe- lago, lying between the islands of Nanphio, Nio, and Ca'ndia. It is 8 miles long and as many broad, and produces barley, cotton, vines, almonds, figs, and other fruit. Pop. J0,000. Lon. 25 36' E. Lat. 36 28' IV. Santos, t. Brazil, and port of St. Paul's, with a good harbour. Pop. 6,000. Lon. 46 21' W. Lat. 23 59' 30" S. Santos, t. New Granada, in Panama, on the W. side of the bay of Panama. Lon. 81 8' W. Lat. 8N. Santo Spiritu* See Spiritu Santo. Sanxays, t. France, in Vienne. Pop. 1,700. 9 m. N. Lusignan. Sanza, t. Italy, in Principato Citra. Pop. 2,400. 7 m. N. Policastro. Saona, isl. in the West Indies, at the S. E. end of Hispaniola, 21 miles long and 7 wide. Lon. 69 42' W. Lat. 18 8' N. Saone, r. France, which rises among the Vos- ges mountains, and after a course of about 200 miles, joins the Rhone at Ly-ons. It is navigable to Auxoune. It gives name to the departments of the Upper Saone, and Saone and Loire. Saone, Upper, a department in the east of France, inclosed on the N. by the dep. of the Vosges, and on the east by that of the Upper Rhine. Extent, 2,500 sq. miles. Pop. 312,000. Chief town, Ve- soul. Saone and Loire, a department in the east of France, bounded by the departments of the Jura, the Rhone, and the Allier. Extent, 3,500 sq. miles. Pop. 471,000. Macon is the capital. Saorgio, t. Sardinian states, in the county of Nice. Pop. 3,100. 21 m. N. E. Nice. Sap, t. France, in Orne. Pop. 1,200. 30 m. N. by E. Alencon. Sapa, St. Michael de, v. in Charcos, Peru. 6 m. E. Arica. Lon. 78 10' W. Lat. 17 30' S. Saparoua, one of the small Amboyna isles, 35 m. from Amboyna, 20 in circumference. Lon. 28 40' E. Lat. 3 40' S. Sapnla Isle, or Pula Sapala, Asiatic isl. to the S. E. of Anam. Lon. 109 10' E. Lat. 10 4' N. Sapelo, small isl. off the coast of Georgia, at the mouth of the Alatamaha. Sapiensa, 3 small islands of Greece, on the S. coat of the Morea, opposite to Modon. Saponara, t. Naples, in the Principato Citra. Pop. 3,200. 20 m. N. E. Policastro. Sapri, (an. Sipron,} t. Naples, in the Principa- to Citra, on the sea coast, with a harbour. Sapy Straits, between Sumbawa andCommodo or Rotten islands. Lon. of the S. entrance 119 20' E. Lat. 8 40' S. Sara, r. Italy, in the Campagna di Roma, which falls into the Tuscan sea. Sarabat, (an. J/crnmj,) r. Asia Minor, which passes by Sart and Magnesia, falls into the gulf >f myrna, Lat. 38 40' N. Saragnssa, or Zaragoza, city, Spain, capital of Arragon, and see of an archbishop. It stands on the S. bank of the Ebro, over which are 2 fine bridges. It is surrounded by a wall. The public buildings are 17 churches, nearly 40 convents, a cathedral, a university, an academy of fine arts, with schools for drawing and other branches of education. This city is famous for its dreadful sieges in 1808 and 1809. Pop. 50,000. 175 m. :. N ; E. Madrid. Lori. 1 42' l.V W. Lat. 41" 38' !": X S A R G93 Saraguro, r. Quito, in Loxa, which under the name of Amarillo, passes through the city of Za- mora, and enters the Tumbez. Sarah bayou, r. Louisiana, which flows into the Mississippi a little above Point Coupee. Sarah, Point, the E. point of entrance into Desolation sound, N. W. coast of America. Lon. 235 25' E. Lat. 50 4' N. Satahville, t. and cap. Pope co. Illinois, on the Ohio, 35 m. below Shawneetown, 110 from Kas- kaskias. Saraisk, t. Eu. Russia, in Riasan, on the Ostr. Pop. 3,700. 40 m. W. N. W. Riazan. Saralbe, t. France, in Moselle, at the influx of the Albe into the Sarre. Pop. 2,000. 39 m. E. by S. Metz. Sarambira, r. New Granada, in Choco, which enters the Pacific, opposite the island of Gorgona. Saramont, t. France, in Ger3, on the Gimone, Pop. 1,000. 14 m. S. E. Audi. Saranac, r. N.Y. which runs into Lake Cham- plain at Plattsburg, after a course of 65 miles. Sarangpore, t. Hind. cap. of a district of the same name, is on the N. side of Sopra river. Lon. 76 30' E. Lat. 23 38' N. Sarangur, t. Hind, in Gundwaneh. Lon. 32 26 'E. Lat. 1940'N. Saransk, t. Eu. Russia, in Penza, on the rivers Insara and Saranja. Pop. 8,000. 68 m. N. Pen- sa. Lon. 54 23' E. Lat. 54 30' N. Sarapilly, t. Hind, in the Carnatic. Lon. 79* 58' E. Lat. 14 14' N. Snrapul, t. Eu. Russia, in Viatka, on the Kama, 188 m. S. E. Viatka. Pop. 6,000. Sarata, r. New Granada, enters the gulf of Pa- nama. Lat. 821'N. Saratoga, co. N. Y. inclosed by the counties of Warren, Washington, Rensselaer, Albany, Sche- nectady, Montgomery, and Hamilton. Pop. 36,052. Engaged in agriculture 6,368, in commerce 107, in manufactures 1,479. Chief town, Ballston. Saratoga, p-t. Saratoga co. N. Y. on the W. side of the Hudson, 12 m. N. E. Ballston, 31 N. Alba- ny. Pop. 2,233. It is memorable for the surren- der of Burgoyne with his whole army consisting of 5,791 effective men, to General Gates, Oct. 1 7th 1 777. In 1 8 1 8, the old town of Saratoga was. divided. The east part containing the celebrated battleground retains the original name of Sarato- ga. The west part, containing the mineral wa- ters, is called Saratoga Springs. There is a post office in each town. Saratoga Springs, p-t. Saratoga co. N. Y, 12m W. of the Hudson, 7 N. N. E. Ballston, 32 N. Al- bany. Pop. 1,909. It contains a printing office, a reading room and a library. The celebrated mine- ral springs of Saratoga are spread over a tract of about 12 miles in extent, in Saratoga co. and are called by a variety of local names. The most no- ted are those of Ballston and Saratoga, which arc superior to any others in America. The names of the principal springs in Saratoga are Rock Spring, Congress Spring, and Columbia Spring. Rock Spring contains carbonic acid, carbonate of soda, muriate of soda, super-carbonated lime,r\nd a carbonate of iron. These springs, during the summer months, are the resort of the gay and fashionable, as well a? of invalids, from all parts of the United States. Large houses for entertain- ment, with neat bathing houses, are erected for the convenience of visitors. The waters afford relief in many obstinate diseases. They bear 694 S A R bottling very well and immense quantities are in this way transported to various parts of the world. Saratoga, lake, in Saratoga co. N. Y. 8 m. W. Stillwater. It is 9 miles long and 2 broad ; it receives Kayaderosseras creek and discharges its waters through the Fishkill into Hudson river at Schuylersville. Saratov, government of Russia, partly in Eu- rope, and partly in Asia, on both sides of the Wol- ga, having on the one side the country of the Don Cossacks, on the other that of Astracan. Area, 91,000 sq. miles. Pop. 1,000,000. The Mora- vians have a settlement at Sarepta. Saratov, t. Eu. Russia, cap. of the above, stands on the Wolga. It has an active trade, which is promoted by the position of the place between Moscow and Astracan. 374 m. N. by W. Astra- dan, 465 S. E. Moscow. Lon. 46 0' 15" E. Lat. 51 31' 28' N. Saratorka, v. Eu. Russia, on the Neva, between St. Petersburg arid Schlusselburg. Sarburg, or Sarrebourg, t. France,^in Meurthe, on the Sarre. Pop. 1,500. 38 m. E. "Nancy. Sarca, r. Austrian empire, which falls into the lake of Garda. Sard, t. Hungary, 134 m. S. S. E. Vienna. Lon. 17 35' E. Lat. 46 25' N. Sardan. See Zaardam. Sardinas, r. New Granada, which enters the Sulia, just before this joins the lake Maracaibo. Sardinia, a kingdom of Europe, composed of the island of Sardinia, and of Piedmont, Savoy, and the territory of Genoa. The extent and popula- tion of its component parts are as follow : Divisions. Sq. miles. Popula- tion, Pop. on a sq. mile. The island of Sardi- nia, 9,250 520,000 56 Piedmont, including the county of Nice, 7,900 1,750,000 244 Savoy, 3,780 450,000 118 Genoese territory, 2,360 534,000 231 Sardinian part of Mi- lanese territory, 3,310 560,000 168 Dutchy of Montfer- rat, 900 186,000 206 Total of Sardinian ) dominions, $ 27,500 4,000,000 146 The standing army amounts to nearly 60,000, and is larger in proportion to the population and re- sources, than that of almost any state in Europe. The religion is the Roman Catholic. The gov- ernment is a monarchy ; some privileges howev- er were guaranteed to particular states, on their incorporation with the rest of the kingdom. The principal towns are Genoa, Turin, the resi- dence of the court, Alessandria, and Nice. Sardinia, a large island of the Mediterranean, S. of Corsica, between Ion. T 57' and 9 51' E. and lat. 38 55' and 41 17' N. It is divided into two nearly equal parts, Capo di Cagliari and Capo di Sassari. Length from N. to S. 162 miles ; breadth between 60 and 70. Extent. 9,250 sq. miles. Pop, 520,000. The surface presents a pleasant variety of hill and dale ; and a chain of mountains runs through the island from N. to S. The climate is healthy except in the vallies and low grounds, where disease is produced by the marsh vapours. The soil, is in general fertile, affording wheat, vines, olives, &c. The interior exhibits a degree of barbarism which can with difficulty be believed to exist in Europe. The shepherds wear goat or S A R ?heep skins, and go constantly armed to protect themselves from the banditti in the mountains. The capital is Cagliari. Sardinia, t. Erie co. N. Y. Sardinia, p-v. Niagara co. N. Y. Sardoalj t. Portugal, in Estremadura, 3 m. N. Abrantes. Pop. 3,000. Sareelo, t. and cap. Duplin co. N. C. on the N. E. branch of Cape Fear river, 130 m. above Wil- mington. It contains a court-house and jail, and about 20 houses. Sarepta, t. Eu. Russia, on the Wolga, 222 m. S. by W. Saratov. Pop. 800. Sargans, t. Switzerland, in St. Gall, 45 m. E. S. E. Zurich, 42 S. Constance, Sargc, t. France, in Loir and Cher. Pop. 1,600. Sargel, seaport of Algiers. Lon. 2 15' W. Lat. 36 30' N. Sarguemines, t. France, in Moselle, at the junction of the Sarre and the Blase. Pop. 3,200. 9 m. S. Saarbruck. Lon. 7 1 1' E. Lat. 49 8' N. Sari, t. Mazanderan, in Persia, on the S. coast of the Caspian. Lon. 52 58' E. Lat. 35 35' N. Sarigol, t. Eu. Turkey, in Macedon, on the Inichori. Sarinhaym, r. Brazil, which runs into the At- lantic, Lat. 8 50' S. Sark, or Serk, small isl. in the English channel, dependent on Guernsey. Lon. 2 52' W. Lat. 49 30' N. Sark, r. Scotland, which forms the boundary between the two kingdoms for some miles, and empties itself into the Solway frith. Sarkad, t. Hungary, 8 m. N. N. E. Gyula, 117 E. S. E. Pest. Lon. 21 2^ 23'' E. Lat. 46 44' 30" N. Sarkholm, isl. of the Baltic, in the gulf of Riga . Sarlat, t. France, in Dordogne, on the Sarlat. Pop. 6,000. 30 m. S. E. Perigueux, 98 E. by N. Bourdeaux. Sarleinsbach, t. Upper Austria, 23 m. W. N. W. Lintz. Sarnau, or Sarnowo, t. Prussian Poland. Pop, 1,500. 53 m. S. Posen, 37 N. Breslau. Sarnen, t. Switzerland, chief place of the upper division of the canton of Untcrwalden, on the Aa, where it falls into the lake Sarnen. Pop. 2,000. 9 m. S. Lucerne. Sarno, t. Naples, in the Principato Citra. It i. c the see of a bishop. Pop. 12,000. 20 m. E. Nn- pies, 12 N. by W. Salerno. Saronilla, shoals off the island of Jamaica. Lon. of the middle 80 45' W. Lat. 16 10' N. Saros, or Scharos, county of Hungary, separa- ted from Austrian Galicia, by the Carpathian?. Area 1 ,400 sq. miles. Pop. 142,000, a mixed race of Sclavonian, German, and Rusniac descent. Chief town, Eperies. Saros, Nagy, or Great, t. Hungary, in Saros. Pop. 2,000. 6 m. N. W. Eperies. Saros Patak, t. Hungary, on the Bodrog. Here is a famous Calvinist college. Pop. 8,000. 14 m. N. by E. Tokay, 125 E. N. E. Pest. Lon. 21 34 28'' E. Lat. 48 18'50"N. Sarowy, t. Hind. cap. of a district of the same name. Lon. 73 20 ' E. Lat. 25 32' N. Sarp, or Sarpen, t. Norway, in Christiansaml, near which is a cataract. 10 m. W. S. VV. Frede- rickstadt. Sarraim, t. France, in Vaucluse, on the Fo- Pop. 2,000. 14 m. N. N. E. Avignon. Sarre, v. Eng. in Kent, in the isle ofThanet, formerly a seaport of some repute. S A S Sane, or Saar, r. Germany, which rises among the Vosges mountains, flows through the Prussian government of Treves, and joins the Moselle at Consarbruck. Sarre, formerly a department of the French em- pire now chiefly belongs to the Prussian territories on the Rhine. Sarrebourg, t. France, in Meurthe, on the Sarre, 38 m. E. Nancy. Sarsina, t. Italy, in Romagna, on the Savio. 20m. W. S. W. of Rimini, 33 S. Ravenna. Sarstedt, t. Hanover, 9 m. N. W. Hildesheim. Sort, v. Asia Minor, built on the of Sardis. Sarlhe, or Sarte, r. France, which rises in Orne, and joins the Mayenne, 6 m. above Angers. It is navigable from Le Mans. Sarlhe, or Sarte, department of France, bounded by the departments of the Orne, the Loir-and- Cher, and the Mayenne. Extent, 2,430 sq. miles. Pop. 410,000. Le Mans is the capital. Sartilly, t. France, in La Manche, 4 m. N. W. Avranches. Sarvar, t, Hungary, at the confluence of the Gunz and the Raab. 70 m. S. S. E. Vienna, 62 S. Presburg. Lon. 16 55' 21'' E. Lat. 47 14' 50' N. Sarvitz, r. Hungary, whish f\ows into the Da- nube. Sarum, Old, ancient borough Eng. in Wilts, which, though now reduced to a single farm house, still sends two members to parliament. 2 m. N. Salisbury. Sarun, district Hind, in Bahar, on the N. E. side of the Ganges. Chief town, Chuprach. Sarsana, t. Sardinian states, in the Genoese territory, on the Magra, 5 m. from its mouth. It is the see of a bishop. Pop. 3,500. 45 m. E. S. E. Genoa. Lon. 9 58' E. Lat. 44 9' N. SarzcaU) t. in France, in Morbihan. Pop. 5,400. 7 m. S. Vannes. Sarsedas, t. Portugal, 8 m. W. Castel Brauco, 1 17 E. N. E. Lisbon. Pop. 3,000. Sasbach, v. Germany, in Baden. Pop. 900. 17 m. E. by N. Strasburg. Sascachaivan, or Saskatchiwine, r. N. America, formed by the union of the N. and S. branches A/hich rise in the Rocky mountains, and pursuing a winding course to the E. for about 440 miles, join about 60 miles east of Hudson's House ; the united stream then runs N. E. through Pine Island lake and Cedar lake, and falls into Lake Winnipic, in lat. 51 45' N. As far as Cedar lake, the naviga- tion of this river is continually interrupted by falls and rapids ; but above this lake it is navigable for canoes to its source. On this river are 5 factories of the N. W. Fur company. Saseram, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 84 5' E. Lat. 25 N. Saslurl, t. Eu. Russia, in Volhynia. Pop. 5,100. 87m. E. Brody. Sasnee, t. and fort, Hind, in Agra. Lon. 78 4' E. Lat. 27 45' N. Susram, isl. in the gulf of Siam, near the coast of Cambodia. Lon. 103 48' E. Lat. 10 N. Sassafras, r. which rises in Delaware, and flow- ing W. into Maryland, separates Kent and Cecil counties, and falls into Chesapeake bay. Sassafras, v. Kent co. Md. on Sassafras river, 17 m. S. Klktoii. Satsari, t. of the island of Sardinia, cap. of the province of Capo di Sassari. It is the seat of a university, and the see of an archbishop. The harbour called Porto Torre, is on the gulf of Sas- S A V 695 sari, distant 10 m. 64 m. N. Oristano. Lon. 8 45' E. Lat. 40 48' N. Pop. 30,000. Sassenage, t. France, in Isere, noted for its cheese. Pop. 1,300. 4 m. E. Grenoble. Sassendorf, v. Prussian Westphalia, with a large salt-work. 15 m. N. by E. Arensberg. Sassin, or Sasvar, t. Hungary, 33 m. N. Pres- burg. Sassoso, cape' on the N. coast of Candia, (an. Promontorium Dion.} Lon. 24 56' E. Lat. 35 26' N. Sassuolo, t. Italy, in Modena, near the Secchia. Pop. 3,100. 10m. N.Ghent, and 25 W.Antwerp. Sas van van Ghent, t. and fort Netherlands, on a canal which leads from the city of Ghent to the Scheldt. Pop.1,900. 10 m.N.Ghent,25 W.Antwerp. Satadoo, a country of Africa, one of the divi- sions of Bambouk, on the E. bank of the Faleme. Satagura, t. Austrian Galicia, in the Buko- wine, onthePruth, 12 m. S. by E. Zaleszczuki. Satalia, dntalia, or Jldalia, a city of Caramania, in Asia Minor, at the head of a gulf to which it gives name. It has a good harbour and considera- ble trade. Pop. 8,000, two-thirds of whom are Mahometans and the other third Greeks. Lon. 30 45' E. Lat. 36 50' N. Satanagur, t. Hind, in Hyderabad. Lon. 78 16' E. Lat. 17 56' N. Sataiiov, t. Russian Poland, in Podolia, 40m. N. Kaminiec. Pop. 3,200. Satarah, t. and fort Hind, in Bejapore. Here the Maha rajah, or legitimate sovereign of the Mahrattas was confined about the middle of the last century by the peishwa, who usurped the government. Lon. 74 3' E. Lat. 17 50' N. Sutuuket, p-v. in Brookhaven, Suffolk co. N. Y. Salerland, district of Westphalia, in the Olden- burg territory, situated between Vechte and Bre- men, about 14 miles long and 6 broad. Pop, about 2,000. Salgong, the ancient royal port of Bengal, call- ed by the Romans Ganges Reggia, 4 m. from Hoogly. Lon. 88 30' E. Lat. 22 57' N. Salhmar, county of Hungary, adjacent to Tran- sylvania, on both sides of the river Szamos. Ex- tent, 2,250 sq. miles. Pop. 187,000. Chief town, Nagy-Caroly. Sathmar, t. Hungary, in the palatinate of the same name, on the Szamos, with an active trade. It consists of two parts, Sathmar and Nemethi. It is a bishop's see, and has a Catholic seminary and gymnasium, one Greek and two Calvinist church- es. 255 m. E. Presburg. Lon, 22 53' 25" E. Lat. 47 46' 30' N. Pop. 10,000. Sat ies Head, a promontory of Scotland, in Aber- deenshire, near Peterhead. Satile. a town of Bambarra, in Central Africa. 160 miles W. N. W. of Sergo. Salilla, r. Geo. which runs by Jefferson into St. Andrew's sound, N. of Cumberland island. Satilla, Little, r. Geo. which runs into the At- lantic, between Turtle river and the Satilla. Satimangalum, t. and fort India, in Coimbetooi , Lon. 77 20' E. Lat. 1028'N. Saliva, settlement New Granada, in Tunja, 106 m. N. E. Santa Fe. Satnico, t, Austrian Italy, on the Oglio, where it issues from the lake of Iseo. 14 m. N. W. Brescia. Salriano, t. Naples, in the Basilicata. 7 m. S . W. Acerenza. Savage, r. Md. which runs into the Potomac, 21 m, above Fort Cumberland, 696 S A U Savage Island, isl. in the South Pacific, 33 miles in circumference. Lon. 169 37 VV. Lat. 19 1' S. Savage Island, Great, in Hudson's strait. Lon. 70 W. Lat 62 25' JV. Savage Island, Lower^ in the same straits. Lon. 66 20' W. Lat 6148'N. Savannah, r. U. S. which is formed by the un- ion of the Tugalooand Kiowee, and running S. E. divides S. Carolina from Georgia, and meets the Atlantic in Tybee Sound, in lat. 32" N. It is nav- igable for large vessels to Savannah, 13 miles, and for boats to Augusta, 310 miles further. Above the falls, boats can go 60 miles without obstruc- tion. Savannah, city and port of entry, Chatham co. Georgia, on a high sandy bluff, 40 feet above low water mark, on the S.W. bank of Savannah river, 17 miles from the bar at its mouth. Vessels draw- ing 14 feet water can come up to the city ; larger vessels receive their cargoes 3 miles below. 1 he city is regularly laid out, and contains a court- house, jail, poor house, hospital, theatre, exchange, academy, public library, 3 banks, including a branch of the United States bank, and 10 houses of public worship, 2 for Presbyterians, 1 each for Episcopalians, Methodists, Baptists, Lutherans, Roman Catholics, and Jews, and 2 for Africans. The academy is 180 feet by 60, and 3 stones high. The exchange is a heavy gothic building, 5 stories high. The new Presbyterian church is a very elegant edifice of stone. The city is laid out in the form of a parallelogram, and contains 10 public squares at equal distances from each other, inclosed and planted with trees. Trees are also planted ou the sides of most of the streets. Many of the houses recently erected are splendid edifices. There is a fort on the E. side of the city, and another at Five Fathom Hole, ou the river, 3 miles below the town. Savanaah has heretofore been unhealthy on ac- count of the large extent of lands in the vicinity devoted to the wet cultivation of rice ; but in 1817, the inhabitants voted 70,000 dollars to the propri- etors of these lands, as an inducement to abandon the wet cultivation and adopt the dry culture. In January 1820, a terrible fire laid a large portion of the city in ashes. Savannah is the centre of commerce for a large extent of country. In nine months ending 30th June 1817, there were expor- ted from this port 107,320 bales of cotton, 3,605 hhds. of tobacco, 1 1,228 tierces of rice, valued to- gether at $9,966,503. The amount of shipping in 1816, was 12,776 tons. Pop. in 1810,5,195; in 1820, 7,520, of whom 3,868 were whites. 113m. S. W. Charleston, 127 by land, and 340 by water S. E. Augusta, 180 E. S. E. Milledgeville. Lon. 81 IW W. Lat. 32 8' N. Savannah, r. N. VV. Territory, which runs into the west side of St. Louis river. From its source, there is a portage of 6 miles to the West Savannah which flows into Sandy Lake. See Sandy Lake. Savannah la Mer, t, on the S. side of the island of Jamaica, in Cornwallis co. with a good anchor- a^e for large vessels. Lon. 78 6' W. Lat. W 12' N. Savannah la Mer, t. at the E. end of the island of St. Domingo, on the S. side of the bay of Samaria. Savannah, Point, cape on the VV. coast of Dom- inica. Lon. 61 29 ; W. Lat. 15 33' N. Savory's hland, iel. in the gulf of Georgia, two leagues long. Lon. 235 54' E. Lat. 49 57' N. Sauceda, t Mexico, in New Biscay, on a river S A U of the same name, 100 m. N. N. W. Durango. Lon. J05 44' VV. Lat. 25 20' N. Sauces, r. Paraguay, which receives the waters of several rivers from the east side of the Chilian cordillera, and after running 126 leagues to the S. it turns E. and disembogues itself in the sea of Magellan, forming a great bay, in lat. 40 42' S. Saucon, Lo^cer, t. Northampton co. Pa. Pop. Saucon, Upper, t. Lehigh co. Pa. Pop. 1,612. Saucona, p-t. Northampton co. Pa. Jaudre, r. France, which receives the Lesser Saudre, near Aubigny ; and falls into the Cher, near Romorantin. Save, navigable r. Austrian empire, which rises in Illyria, flows through a part of Styria and Cro- atia, and separates Sclavonia from Turkey, till it joins the Danube, between Semlinand Belgrade. Saveignies, v. France, in Oise, 6 m. N.W. Beau- vais. Savelli, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra. Pop. 2,100. Suvenay, t. France, in Loire Inferieure. Pop. 1,900. 18m. N. W. Nantes. Lon. 147' VV. Lat. 47 22' N. Savendroog, fort, India, in Mysore, belonging to the rajah. Lon. 77 29' E. Lat 12 56' N. Sawnieres, t. France, in Maine and Loire, on the Loire, 4 m. above the confluence of the May- enne, 9 m. S. S. W. Angers. Pop. 2,500. Saverdun, i. France, in Arriege, on the river of that name. It is divided in the Upper and Lower town. Pop. 3,000. It was the birth-place of pope Benedict XII. 1 8 m. N. Foix. Saverne, t. France, in Lower Rhine, on th Sarre. It has manufactures of woollens, leather, hardware, pottery, and tobacco, and contains a college and hospital. 22m. W. N. W. Strasbur^. Eon. 7* 36' E. Lat. 48 44' 20" N. Pop. 4,000. Saugaluck. See Seigatitck. Saugerties, p-t. Ulster co. N. Y. on the Hudson. 13 m. above Kingston, 52 S. Albany. Pop. 2,699. Saugues, t. France, in Upper Loire, on the Sue- joles. Pop. 3,500. 15 m. VV. Le Puy, 18 S: E St. Flour. Saugus, t. Essex co. Mass. 10 m. N. E. Boston Pop. 748. Here is a female academy. Savigliano, t. Piedmont, on the river Maira, for- tified and well built. It has manufactures of woollens, silk, and linen. 14 m. N. Coni, 25 5. Turin. Pop. 18,752. Savignac les Eglises, t. France, in Dordosrne, on the Isle. Pop. 1,000. 11 m. S. S. E. Perigueux. Savignano, t Ecclesiastical States, in Romagna . Pop. 5,000. 8 m. N. W. Rimini, 23 S. by E. Ra venna. Savi;nan6, t. Naples, in the Principato Ultra. Pop. 1,800. 20 m. N. Conza. Savigne, t. France, in Indre. Pop. 1,100. 18 m, W. Tours. Savigne V Eveque, t. France, ia Sarthe. Pop. 2,300. 9 m. N. E. Le Mans. Savigny, t. France, in La Manche. Pop. 1,200. 6 m. E. Coutances. Saville, t. Perry co. Pa. Pop. 1,154. Savinion, p-t. Cecil co. Md. Saujon, t. France, in Lower Charente, on the Seudre. Pop. 1,600. 14 m. S. by W. Saintes. Saukegel, a great mountain of the Austria* states, in the circle of Salzburg, 7,300 feet high. Saulgau, t. VVirtemberg, on the Schwarzach Pop. 1,900. 5 m. S. W. Buchau. Saulieu, t. France, in Cote d'Or. Pop. 2,900, SEA gaged in agriculture 3,030, in commerce 53, in manufactures 131. Chief town, Georgetown. At the court-house is a post-office. Scott, t. Adams co. Ohio. Pop. 1,123. Scott, co. Indiana. Pop. 2,334. Engaged in agriculture 444, iu commerce 18, in manufac- tures 62. Scott, Cape, the W. point of the island of Quadra and Vancouver. Lon. 231 40' E. Lat. 50 48' N. Scottsborough, v. Baldwin co. Geo. about 10 m. S. Milledgeville. Scottsburg, p-v. Halifax co. Va. Scoffs Ferry, p-v. Albermarle co. Va. Scott's Head, cape at the S. extremity of Do- minica. Lon. 61' 24' W. Lat. 15 20' N. Scoffs Islands, 3 islands on the N. W. coast of America, at the entrance of Queen Charlotte's sound. Lon. 231 2 E- Lat. 50 52' N. Scollsville, p-v. Powhattan co. Va. Scottsville, p-t. and cap. Allen co. Ken. Scriba, p-t. Oswego co. N. Y. on the W. side of Oswego river at its mouth. Pop. 741. The vil- lage of Oswego is situated partly in this town. Scriban, port Panama, 17 m. E. Porto Bello. Scrivia, r. Sardinian states, which falls into the Po, N. of Tortona. Scriven, co. Geo. between Savannah and Oge- chee rivers. Pop. 3,941. Slaves 1,833. Engaged in agriculture 376. Chief town, Jacksonborough. Scroon, p-t. Essex co. N. Y. Pop. 888. It con- tains 2 settlements, Dominick, 10 m. S. W. of the head of Scroon lake, and Pendleton, 20 m. N. W. Dominick. Scroon, r. N. Y. the N. E. branch of the Hudson. Scroon lake is an expansion of this river 8 miles long and 1 broad, and is 12m. W. of the north end of Lake George. Scroon river unites with the N. branch of the Hudson 8 m. N. W. Caldwell. Scrubgrass, t. Venango co. Pa. Pop. 559. Scrub, one of the smaller Virgin islands, de- pendent on Tortola. Lon. 62 57' E. Lat. 18 25' N. Scujffletoivn, p-v. Laurens co. S. C. Scull camp, p-v. Surry co. N. C. Scutari, or Iskenderje, fortified t. Eu. Turkey, cap. of a pachalic in Albania, on the river Bojane, at the S. E. extremity of the lake of Scutari. Pop. about 12,000. It is the see of a bishop. 50 m. E. by S. Cattaro, 448 W. Constantinople. Scutari, city, on the Bosphorus, immediately opposite to Constantinople. It carries on a con- siderable trade, being a rendezvous for the cara- vans which come from the interior of Asia. Pop. 30,000. Scylla, a well known promontory of the Medi- terranean, in the strait of Messina, which sepa- rates Sicily from the Neapolitan territory. It is about 200 feet high and meets the whole force of the waters as they issue from the narrowest part of the strait. The action of the current has proba- bly, since the days of Homer, increased the width of the channel, as mariners are at present seldom afraid of being driven on the opposite rocks of Charybdis. Sdillfs, or Sdili, 2 small islands in the Grecian archipelago, between Is'axi and Andro, and well known injGrecian history by the names of Great and Little Delos. Both are uninhabited. Scabrook, t. Rockiugham co. N. H. on the sea coast, 6 m. N. Newburyport, 9 from Exeter. Pop. 885. Seabrook. See Saybrook. Seadoidi/, fort, H'ind. in Nepaiil. Lon, 86 5' E. Lat 27 13 7 N. 89 SEE 705 Seahorse Point, cape on the E. of a peninsula in Hudson's bay. Lon. 82 10' W. Lat. 64 N. Seakonk, p-t. Bristol co. Mass. Seakonnel point, and rocks, the S. extremity of the eastern shore of Narraganset bay, R. I. 6 m. E. S. E. Newport. Seal, t. Pike co. Ohio, in which is Piketon, the county seat. Pop. 775. Seal Island, near the S. W. coast of Nova Sco- tia. Lon. 66 W. Lat. 43 25' N. Seal Island, isl. on the S. coast of New Holland. 3m. N. W. Baldhead. Seal Islands, cluster of small islands, in the At- lantic, near the coast of Maine. Lon. 67 46' W. Lat. 4445'N. Sealer" 1 s Cove, harbour on the E. coast of New Holland. Lat. 39 5' S. Sealkote, once celebrated city and fort, Hind, in Lahore, now belonging to the Seiks. Lon. 73 58' E. Lat. 32 44' N. Seals. Isle of, isl. Wales, on the N. point of An- glesey, on which is a lighthouse. Seara, province of Brazil, bounded W. by Ma- ranham, N. by the ocean, E. by Rio Grande, and S. by the mountains of the intejior. Pop. 10,000. Seara, t. and fort Brazil, cap. of the above. Pop. 1,000 to 1,200. Lon. 38 28' W. Lat. 3 31' S. Searcey^s, p-v. Montgomery co. Ten. Searsburg, t. Bennington co. Vt. 12m. E. Ben- ningtou. Pop. 9. Searsmonl, t. Hancock co. Maine, 25 m. W. Castine. Pop. 675. Seaton, t. Eng. in Cumberland, 3 m. N. E. Workington. Seaton, r. Eng. in Cornwall, which falls into the English channel, 3 m. E. of Loo. Seaton Carew, v. Eng. on the sea coast of Dur- ham, much frequented as a bathing place. 10-J m. N. E. Stockton- upon-Tees. Seaton Delaval. v. Eng. in Northumberland, on the sea, near Tynemouth. Sebago, or Sebacook, lake, Maine, 13 miles long, connected on the N. with Long Pond by a strait called Sungo, which receives Crooked river, open- ing an inland navigation far into the interior of the State. The Sebago discharges its waters through the Presumpscut into Casco bay. It is contemplated to connect this lake by a canal 16 miles in length with Portland harbour. Sebaste, v. Palestine, now nearly deserted, a- bout 2 leagues N. of Napolose. It is the site of the ancient Samaria. Sebastian, t. Mexico, in Sonora. Lon. 106 W. Lat. 24 N. Sebaslicook, r. Maine, which joins the Kemie- bec on the E. in Winslow. Sebasticook, t. Somerset co. Maine. Pop. in 1810, 105. Sebba Rons, or the Seven Capes, cape of Al- giers. Lon. 6 32' E. Lat. 37 8' N. *Sebbah, t. Fezzan, 60 m. N. Mourzouk. Sebbeck, t. Penobscot co. Maine, 35 m. N, W. Bangor. Pop. 431. Sebenico, t. Austrian Dalmatia, near the mouth oftheKerka. Pop. 6,300. It is a bishop's see. 37m. S. E. Zara, 143 N. W. Ragousa. Sebes, Boros, t. Hungary, in Arad, on the Se- bes. Lon. 22 17' 30" E. Lat. 46 57' 15'' N. Sebft-e, 01 Pulo Bide, isl. in the straits of Sun- da. Lon. 105 27' E. Lat. 5 50' S. Sebes, t. Ku. Russia, in Vitepsk, 48 m.N. Vitepsk. Sebnilz, t. Saxony, 10 m. E. by N. Konigstein, 22 E. S. E. Dresden. Pop. 2,400. 70G SEE Seboo, or Sabu, r. Morocco, which falls into the sea to the N. of Morocco. Scbsvar, t. Korassan, in Persia, 180m. N. W. Herat. Secas, small isl. near the coast of Veragjua. Lon. 83 16 VV. Lat. 8" 20' N. Secclua, r. Italy, which falls into the To, 10 m. S. E. Mantua. Sccchio, r. Italy, which, falls into the Tuscan sea below Pisa. Scchellcs, cluster of about 24 islands in the In- dian ocean, only 3 of which are inhabited, called Mahe, Praslin, and La Digue. They produce cotton and abound in turtle, oysters, and particu- larly cocoa nuts. Lon. 54 42' to 56 51' E. Lat. 4 to 5 S. Sechien, t. Persia, in Kerman, on the N. coast of the Persian gulf. 140m. S. Kerman. Sechura, t. Peru, in Truxillo, on the Piura, a league from the coast. It contains about 200 houses. 180 m. N. N. W. Truxillo, 30 S. S. E. Payta. Lon. 80 42' E. Lat. 5 33' 33" S. Seckau, t. Austria, in Upper Styria, 5 m. N. N. W. Knittolfeld. Seckingen, t. Baden, on the N. bank of the Rhine, 17 m. E. Bale. Second, Point, cape on the E. coast of Sumatra, in the straits of Banca. Lon. 105 48' E. Lat. 2 12' S. Secondigliano, t. Naples, near the capital. Pop. 4,800. Secondigny en Grand, t. France, in Two Sevres, on the Thoue, 21 m. N. Niort. Sed Cape, promontory on the side of the island of Cuba, 18 leagues from the Havanuah. Sedan, t. France, in Ardennes, on the right bank of the Meuse, strongly fortified. Pop. nearly 11,000. It has manufactures of superfine woollens, and of fire arms. 3? m. S. E. Charle- mont, 170 N. E. Paris. Lon. 4 57' 5W E. Lat. 49 42' 29'' N. Sedasier, t. India, in Mysore, 7 m. N. W. Periapatam. Sedbergh, t. Eng. in Yorkshire. Pop. 1,805. 27 m. N. W. Settle. Sedgefeld, t. Eng. in Durham, 11 m. 3. E. Durham, 255i N. W. London. Pop. 1,307. Sedgemoor, a tract of country in Somersetshire, Eng. between King's- Weston and Bridgewater, memorable by the defeat of the duke of Mon- mouth, in 1685. Sedgwick, p-t. Hancock co. Maine, on the E. side of Periobscot bay, 6 m. E. Castine. Pop. 1,420. Sedger River, Patagonia, which runs into the straits of Magellan. Sedhout, fort, Hind, in Golcondah, 6 m. N. E. Cuddapah. Sedhtz, v. Bohemia, 17 m. W. Leutmeritz, well known for its mineral waters. Sedre Passage-, channel on the N. coast of Su- matra, between Pulo Nancy and King's point. Seduction* Point, cape on the N. \V. coast of America. Lon. 224 48' E. Lat. 59 2* N. Seeassee, isl. in the Sooloo archipelago. Lon. 120 50' E. Lat. 5 25' N. Seebah, t. Hind, in Lahore, belonging to the Seiks. Lon. 75 34' E. Lat. 31 39' N. See Beeroo, or Si Biru Isle, isl. on the W. coast of Sumatra, about 70 miles long by 10 broad, be- tween 1 and 2 S. lat. and 98 and 99 E Ion. Seeberg, hill, Upper Saxony, with an astro- nomical observatory. Lon. 10 44' E. Lat. 50 56' 8" N. S E G Seeburg, v. Prussian Saxony, 11 m. W.Halle. Seeburg, t. E. Prussia, 50 m. S. Konigsberg. Pop. 1,300. Lon. 20 45' 30'' E. Lat. 53 57' 54' N. Seedy Abdclmoumen, seaport of Tlernsan, in Algiers, on the coast of the Mediterranean, with a small but good road for vessels. Seedy Abdullah, seaport, Morocco, on the coast of the Atlantic, 30m. N. Mogodor. Seedy Doude, a sanctuary of Tunis, in Africa, at the N. extremity of the peninsula of Dakkul, surrounded with the ruins of the ancient Misua. 150m. N. E. Tunis. Seefeld, t. Lower Austria, 39 m. N. by W. Vi- enna. Pop. 1,200. Seehausen, t. Prussian Saxony, in Magdeburg, 15 in. W. Brandenburg. Seekauten, t. Prussian Saxony, in Magdeburg, on the Aland. Pop. 2,100. 70 m. W. N. W. Berlin. Seekhonk, the name of Pawtucket river below Pawtucket falls. Scekhonk, t. Bristol co. Mass, on the E. side of Pawtucket river, 19 m. S. W. Taunton, 38 S..S. W. Boston. Pop. 2,775. The village of Paw- tucket is partly in this town. Seekreis, in Baden. See Lake, Circle of the. Seelburg, or Schaspels, t. Eu. Russia, in Cour- land, on the left bank of the Dwina, 58 m. S. E Riga. Seeligan, isl. in the Sooloo archipelago. Lon. 11815'E. Lat. 6 4' N. Seelow-, t. Prussia, in the Middle Mark of Bran- denburg, llm. W. Kustrin, 40 E. Berlin. POP. 1,300. Seend, or Seen, v. Eng. in Wiltshire. Pop. 876. 4m.S.E.MelksLam. Seeor, t. Hind, in Malwah, belonging to the Mahrattas. Lon. 77 10' E. Lat. 23 12' N. Seeparran, isl. near the E. coast of Borneo, Lon. 11823'E. Lat. 4 8' N. Seer, principality of Arabia, in Ommon, extend- ing from Cape Mussendoon, along the coast of the Persian gulf, called by the Persians, Dsjulfar. Seerdhuna, t. Hind, in Delhi. Lon. 77 28' E. Lat. 29 11' N. Seesen, t. Lower Saxony, in Brunswick, 14 m. VV. Goslar. Pop. 2,000. Seelacoond, t. Bengal, in Chittagong. Lon. 91* 36' E. Lat. 22 37' N. Sees, t. France, on the Orne. Pop. 5,500. It is the see of a bishop. 14 m. N. Alencon, 126 W Paris. Lon. 10' 59" E. Lat. 48 36' 23'' N. Segeberg, t. Denmark, in Holstein, on the Trave. Pop. 1,400. 28 m. N. E. Hamburgh Lon. 10 19' E. Lat. 53 58' N. Segesta, (an. Egesta,) a once celebrated city of Sicily, 6 m. from Alcamo. Segestan. See Seistan. Scgni, t. Ecclesiastical States, in the Campagna. di Roma. It is the see of a bishop. 25 m. S. E. Rome. Segnone, lofty mountain of the Alps, in Aus- trian Italy, near the lake of Como ; 9,200 feet above the level of the sea. Sego, city, cap. of Bambarra, in Central Africa, on the Niger, which divides it into two parts. The houses are built of clay, of a square form, with flat roofs ; some of them have two stones, and ma- ny of them are white washed. Moorish mosques also are seen in every quarter. Pop. 30,000. Lon 2 30' W. Lat. 14 10' N. Segonzac, t. France, in Charente, 6 m. S. K Cognac, 15 W, Angouleme. Pop. 2,500. S E I Stgorbe, t. Spain, in Valencia, on the Murvie- dro, which takes here the name of Segorbe. It is a bishop's see. Pop. about 15,000. 34 m. N. W. Valencia. Segovia, prov. Spain, in Old Castile. Extent, 3,650 sq. miles. Pop. 171,000. Segovia, t. Spain, cap. of the above, is on a rocky eminence, between two deep vallies. Pop. 10,000. It is the see of a bishop, and is remarkable for its cathedral, and for the Alcazar or ancient Moorish palace. Here is also a celebrated Roman aque- duct. Segovia has long been noted for its woollen manufactures. 47 m. N. N. W. Madrid. Segocia Nueva, city of Nicaragua, in Guatimala, on the Yare or Segovia, 90 m. N. Leon, 400 from Mexico. Lon. 86 30' W. Lat. 13 45' N. Segovia Nueva. See Barquisimelo. Segre, t. France, in Maine and Loire, at the junction of the Oudon and Verzee, 22 m. N. W. Angers. Segre, r. Spain, which rises among the Pyrenees, flows through Catalonia, and joins the Ebro near Mequinenza. Seguataneio, or Cheque-Ian, harbour on the W. coast of Mexico, 7 leagues W. of the rocks of Se- guata^eio. Segur, t. France, in Aveyron. Pop. 1,600. 12 m. E. S. E. Rhodez. Segura, r. Spain, which falls into the Mediter- ranean, 16 m. S. S. W. Alicant. Segura, t. Portugal, in Beira, 9 m. N. Rosma- rinhal, 24 E. S. E. Castel Branco. Segura, t. Spain, 21 m. S. S. W. St. Sebastian. Segura, t. Spain, 50 m. S. Saragossa. Segura de la Fronlera, city, Mexico, 70 m. from Xalappa. Segwin, district, Hind, in Nepaul, on the Tees- ta, about 28 N. lat. Seibo, t. Hispaniola, on a small river, and con- taining, with its jurisdiction, 5,000 persons. 50 m. E. N. E. St. Domingo. Seiche, r. France, which falls into the Vilaine, near Rennes. Seiches, t. France, in Lot and Garonne. Pop. 1,300. 6 m. N. E. Marmande. Seiches, t. France, in Maine and Loire, 9 m. N. E. Angers. Seidenberg, t. Prussian States, in Upper Lusa- tia, 10 m. S. S. E. Gorlitz. Pop. 1,000. Seignelay, t. France, in Yonne, on the Senin, 6 m. N. Auxerre. Seiks,a. people of Asia, who first made their ap- pearance in Lahore, as a religious sect, and have since found means to become masters of the subah of Lahore, great part of Moultan, and the western part of Delhi. Nahac, the founder of the Seik nation, was born in the year of the Christian era 1469, during the reign of Sultan Beloul, at the village of Tulwundy, about 6 miles W. of Lahore. It is said they can bring an army of 100,000 men into the field, all cavalry. Seilhac, t. France, in Correze, 6 m. N. Tulle. Seillans, t. France, in Var. Pop. 2,300. 14 m. N. E. Draguignan. Seille la Grande, t. France, which falls into the Moselle, near Metz. Sein, isl. France, on the coast of Brittany. Lon. 4 42' W. Lat. 48 2T N. Seine, r. France, which rises in Cote d'Or, re- ceives the Aube, the Yonne, the Marne, and the Oise, and discharges itself into the English chan- nel at Havre de Grace. It admits vessels of con- S E L 707 siderable burden as far as Rouen, and boats as far as Troves. Length above 400 miles. Seine, a department of France. Extent 16 sq. miles. Pop. about 70,000, exclusive of Paris, which contains 7 13,000. Seine, Lower, a department of France, compri- sing the N. E. part of Normandy, and bounded on the N. and W. by the English channel. Extent 2,500 sq. miles. Pop. 660,000. Rouen is the capital. Seine and Marne, a department of France, occu- pying the W. part of Champagne. Extent 2,320 sq. miles. Pop. 310,000. Melun is the chief town. Seine and Gise, a department of France, adja- cent to the Oise, and to Seine-and-Marne. It comprises the department of the Seine, and has, exclusive of that district, an extent of 2,200 square miles, with a population of 440,000. Versailles is the capital. Seinsheim, t. Bavarian Franconia, 19 m. E. S. E. Wurzburg. Seissenstetten, t. Lower Austria, on the Urla. Pop. 1,400. 49 m. W. by S. St. Polten. Seistan, or Segestan, province of Persia, between Candahar and Korassan on the N., and Mekran and Balouchistan on the S. 300 miles long, and 160 broad. The capital is Doosha. Although Seistan forms nominally a province of Persia, it is entirely independent of that empire. It is divided into a number of small independent states, gov- erned by chiefs who live in fortified villages, situ- ated principally on the banks of the Heermund. Seilsari, isl. in the gulf of Finland, belonging to Russia. Seitz, or Zagiczi, \. Moravia, in the circle of Brunn. Pop. 1,200. Seiva, r. New Granada, which enters the lake Maracaibo, 25 m. S. W. Maracaibo Seix, t. France, in Arriege. Pop. 2,300. Sekundra, t. Hind, in Delhi, belonging to the British. Lou. 77 34' E. Lat. 28 38' N. Sel Hadjar, v. Lower Egypt, on the site of the ancient Sais. 18 m. S. S. E. Faoua. Selavg, isl. in the Eastern seas, off the S. coast of Batchian, one of the Moluccas. Lon. 124 10' E. Lat. 50' S. Selbits, t. Bavarian Franconia, near a river of the same name, 3 m. S. S. E. Lichtenberg. Pop. 1,000. Selby, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, on the right bank of the Ouse, which is here navigable for vessels of burden, and communicates by a canal with the Aire and Calder. It is noted as the birth-place of Henry I. Pop. 3,363. 14 m. S. by E. York, 181 N. by W. London. Lon. 1 3' W. Lat. 53 46' N. Sele, r. Naples, which discharges itself into the gulf of Salerno. Selefkeh, t. Caramania, in Asia Minor, near the mouth of the Ghiuk Sooyoo, on the site of the an- cient Seleucia. Lon. 33 55' E. Lat. 36 20' N. Selenga, r. Siberia, in Irkoutsk, which rises in the country of the Mongols, and falls by three mouths into the lake Baikal. Selenginsk, t. A. Russia, in Irkoutsk, on the right bank of the Selenga. It is a thoroughfare for the Chinese trade carried on at Kiachta. Lon. 1073'E. Lat. 51 6' 6" N. Seligcnsiadt, t. Hesse-Darmstadt, on the Maine. 17 m. E. S. E. Frankfort. Pop. 2,300. Selinga. See Selenga. 70S M Selin'sgforc, p-v. Northumberland co. Pa. Selinty, cape of Caramania, in Asia Minor, on Which are the ruins of the ancient Trajanopolis. Selinus, or Selinitnte, city on the S. coast of Sici- ly, at the mouth of the Heraclea. Its ruins are still seen about 7 m. S. of Castro Vetrano. Sclirria. See Silivria. Selkirk, county of Scotland, bounded W. and N. by Peebles-shire and Mid- Lothian, E. and S. E. by Roxburgh-shire, and S. by Dumfries. Extent 269 square miles, or 172,160 English acres. Pop. 5,889. Selkirk, royal burgh, Scotland, chief town of the above county, is pleasantly situated below the con- fluence of the Yarrow and the Ettrick. Pop. 1,500. 36 m. S.Edinburgh. SelUi, r. Spain, in Asturias, which falls into the bay of Biscay, at Ribade Sella. Sella, t. Spain, in Valencia, to the N. of Alicant. Pop. 2,000. Selle, r. French Flanders, which falls into the Schelt, near Valenciennes. Seller's tavern, p-v. Bucks co. Pa. Selles, t. France, in Loir and Cher, on the Cher. Pop. 3,600. 14 m. S.W. Romorantin, 25 S. Blois. Selfye, or Scfielle, t. Hungary, on the Woag. Pop. 1,600. 48 m. N. N. W. Comorin. Lon. 17 52' 1" E. Lat. 48 9 ; 47" N. Selmasl, t. Aderbijan, in Persia. Pop. 2,000. 75 m. VV. S. W. Tabreez. Selonda, isl. in the Eastern seas, near the N. coast of Cumbava. Lon. 117 C 34' E. Lat. 8 5' S. Selongcy, t. France, in Cote d'Or, on the Ve- nelle. Pop. 1,600. 18 m. N. W. Gray. Selsea, or Selsey, v. Eng. on a peninsula formed by an inlet of the sea called Selsea harbour. Pop. 648. 7 m. S. Chicester. Selsertown, or Ellicotsville, p-t. Adams co. Mis- sissippi, 15 m. N. E. Natchez. Selstein* lofty mountain of the Rhoatian Alps, in Tyrol, 9,550 feet high. Sellers, or Lower Sellers, v. in the dutchy of Nas- eau, 24 m. N. Mentz, 26 E. Coblentz. In the neighbourhood is one of the most celebrated min- eral springs in Europe, commonly known by the name of Seltzer. SeUz, t. France, in Lower Rhine, at the influx of the Seltzbach into the Rhine. Pop. 1,500. 27 m. N. Strasburg. Seltzer. See Sellers. Selva, San Francisco de la, t. Chili, cap. of Co- piapo. Lat. 27 19' 30" S. Selva Baxa, t. Spain, in Catalonia, on a bay of the same name, with a small harbour. Pop. 3,600. 31 m. N. E. Gerona, 43 N. E. Rosas. Lon. y%E. Lat. 42 20' N. Selva-plana, v. Swiss canton of the Grisons, on the lake of Selva-plana, 26 m. S. S. E. Coire. Semao, isl. in the Eastern seas, about 24 miles long, separated from the S. W. end of the island of Timor, by a narrow channel. Lon. 123 45' E. Lat. 10 15' S. Semendria, t. Eu. Turkey, in Servia, on the S. side of the Danube. Pop. 9,000. 20 m. S. E. Belgrade, 50 S. Temesvar. Lon. 20 41' E. Lat. 44 52' N. Semenov, t. Eu. Russia, 40 m. N. Niznei-Novgo- rod. Pop. 700. Semigallia, a dutchy, Eu. Russia, forming the eastern part of Courland, 110 miles long by 20 broad, and bordering on the Dwina. Mittau is the capital. SEN 57i?7, or Semilor, t. Bohemia, on the Iscr, m. N. E. Prague. Pop. 000. Scminara, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra. Pop. 1,800. 12 m. S. S. VV. Rossano, 17 N. N. E. Reg- gio. Lon. 16 C 18 E. Lat. 38 26' N. Scminoles, Indians, lately inhabiting extensive districts in Florida. They are a branch of the great Muscogee nation, the term Seminole mean- ing wild, being applied by the Creeks to all the vagabonds of the nation. Their number, a few years since, was more than 6,000, but having be- come troublesome neighbor's on our southern bor- ders, General Jackson was directed to suppress their depredations. He slew their chiefs and prophet, destroyed their cattle and provisions, and burnt their towns in retaliation for their of- fences. Where the remnants of these Indians now are is not known. Some of them are settled about St. Rose's bay in W. Florida, and others are scat- tered in various places. Semipalalnoi, fort, A. Russia, in Tomsk. Lon. 80 10' E. Lat. 60 29' 45" N. Semlin, t. Sclavonia, on the Save, which sepa- rates it from Belgrade. It is the seat of an arch- priest of the Greek church, and the residence of the Austrian commauder of the frontier district. Pop. 8,000. Senwy, r. Netherlands, which flows into the Mane, Sempach, t. Switz. in Lucerne, on the east bank of the lake of the same name. It is remarkable for the memorable battle gained by the Swiss over Leopold of Austria, in 1386. 7 m. N. VV. Lucerne, 24 S. W. Zurich. Lon. 8 C 6' E. Lat. 47 C 1' N. Sempronius, p t. Cayuga co. N. Y. on Skeneat- eles lake, 14 m. S. E. Auburn, 164 W. Albany. Pop. 5,033. Semur, t. France, in Cote d'Or, surrounded on three sides by the river Armanc,on. Pop. 4,300. 42 m. N. Autun, 34 N. W. Dijon. Lon. 4 20' E. Lat.4732'.N. Sena^ Portuguese settlement in E. Africa, about 247 m. up the river Zambeze. Pop. 2,000. Senamaribo, r. Guiana, which runs into the At- lantic, Ion. 54 6' W. lat. 5 30' N. Senan, t. Eng. in Cornwall, 5 m.from St. Bari- en, 9i W. S. W. Penzance. Pop. 495. Senarica, v. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, 10 m. S. W. Teramo. Senas, v. France, in Mouths of the Rhone, 21 m. S. by E. Tarascon. Sence, r. England, which falls into the Anker, opposite Atherstone. Sendling, v. Bavaria, near Munich. Sendomir. See Sandomir. Seneca, lake, N. Y. from 6 to 15 m. W. of Cay- uga lake. It is 35 miles long and from 2 to 4 wide. It receives the waters of Crooked lake from the W. and discharges itself into Seneca river. Seneca, r. N. Y. issues from the N. end of Sene- ca lake, and running N. E. falls into Oswego river at Three river point in Cicero, after a course of 60 miles. It receive? the streams which flow from Cayuga, Owasco, Skencateles, and Onondaga lakes. It affords considerable facilities for boat navigation. Seneca, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Lake Ontario, E. by Cayuga co. S. by Tompkins co. und W. by Ontario co. Pop. 23,619. Engaged in agricul- ture 5,182, in commerce 71, in manufactures 1,087. The courts of the county are held alternately at Ovid and Waterloo. SEN Seneca, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y. on Seneca lake, 16 m. E. Canandaigua. Pop. 4,802. In this town is Geneva. 'Seneca, a missionary station of the United For- eign Mission Society, 4 m. E. Buffalo, N. Y. on the Indian reservation, with a school for the in- struction of the Indians. Seneca falls, p-v. in Junius, Seneca co. N. Y. Seneca, co. Ohio, on Sandusky river, formed in 1820, in the Indian reservation. The county seat is at the confluence of Rocky creek with the San- dusky, opposite Fort Ball. Seneca, fort, Ohio, on Sandusky river, 9 m. S. Fort Stephenson. Seneca, t. Guernsey co. Ohio. Pop. 1,820. Seneca, t. Morgan co. Ohio. Seneca, t. Monroe co. Ohio, 9 m. W. Woodsfield. Pop. 636. Seneca, t. Sandusky co. Ohio. Pop. 110. Seneca Creek, r. Md. which runs into the Poto- mac 19m. N.W. Rock Creek. Seneca mills, p-v. Montgomery co. Md. Senecaville, t. Morgan co. Ohio. Sentcey, t. France, in Saone and Loire. Pop. 1,800. 1 1 m. S. Chalons sur Saone. Seneffe.t. Netherlands, in Hainault. Pop. 3,000. 12 m. N. VV. Charleroi. Senegal, the principal r. which falls into the sea on the W. coast of Africa, in lat. 16 5' N. It rises in the mountains of Manding and Jallonka- doo, within 40 miles of the Niger, in 7 0' W. Ion. and 1 1 50' N. lat. under the name of Ba Fing, and is joined by the Faleme, and the Ba Lee, or Ko- koro. The first part of its course is interrupted by falls, but afterwards it flows through a level country, separating into branches, which form several large islands. The bar across its mouth prevents the entrance of vessels of 500 tons. The whole length of the river is more than 1,000 miles. Senegal, or Senegambia, country, W, Africa, which extends from the Sahara or northern limit of West Africa, to the parallel of 10 N. lat. inclu- ding within these boundaries the country watered by the Senegal and Gambia, from which rivers it derives its name. It is fertile, well watered, and ca- pable of yielding the sugar cane, cotton, maize, rice, tobacco, and all the tropical fruits in abundance. On the banks of the Senegal grows the Baobab, which frequently attains the circumference of 60 and 70 feet, and is the largest tree of the forest. But the principal articles which attract Europeans to this coast are its gum, gold, ivory, and slaves. The gum, which is known in commerce by the name of gum Senegal, is much superior even to that of Arabia, and in some of the arts no other gum can be used as a substitute. The forests of acacia, from which this substance exudes, grow in a de- sert tract lying north of the Senegal, and form- ing part of the Sahara. There are three great for- ests, in the possession of three tribes of Moors, who collect about 500,000 pounds of gum annu- ally, and bring it for sale to the banks of the Sen- egal, at the time and place appointed by the French. St. Louis is the capital. Senes, t. France, in Lower Alps. Pop. 800 14 m. S. S. E. Digne. Senflenberg, t. Prussian states, in Lower Lusa- tia, 35 m. N. E. Meissen. Pop. 1,000. Senflenberg, t. Bohemia, 70 m. E. Prague. Pop. ftfngi.l'jer, t. Eu. Russia, at the confluence of the S E R 709 Wolga and Sengilafea. Pop. 2,500. 29 m. S. by E. Simbirsk. Senglea. See Palette. Sengma, seaport, W. Africa, in Calabar, 5 m. N. Cape Formosa. Senjen, isl. on the coast of Norway, 52 miles long and 38 broad. Chief town, Kloeven. Lon. 17"0'E. Lat. 69 30' N. Senlis, t. France, in Oise, near the Nonette. Pop, 4,300. 30m. N.Paris. Senna, t. Diarbekir, in A. Turkey. Pop. about 8,000, of which number 2,000 are Jews, Arme- nians, and Nestorians. 80 m. S. S. E. Mosul. Sennaar, country of E. Africa, having Abyssinia on the E. and S. Darfur on the W. Dongola and the independent districts of Nubia on the N. A great part of Sennaar being nearly inclosed be- tween the Nile and the Tacazze, formed what was called by the ancients the island of Meroe. The country contains many desert tracts, but there 13 also much fertile land on the banks of the Nile and the Tacazze, where rice, grain, melons, to- bacco and the sugar cane grow luxuriantly. Pop. estimated at 2,000,000. Sennaar, city, cap. of the above kingdom, on the Bahr el Azrek, about 200 miles previous to its junction with the Bahr el Abiad, or main branch of the Nile. This city is supposed to contain 100,000 inhabitants ; the houses are in gene"ral poorly built, and do not usually consist of more than one story. It carries on considerable com- merce ; the caravans pass through it on their way to Abyssinia, Arabia, Egypt and the interior of Africa. The commodities drawn from interior Africa, for export to Egypt and Arabia, are gold dust, ivory, civet, but above all, slaves. The gold has the reputation of being the purest and best in Africa. The foreign commodity chiefly sought after is blue cotton cloth from Surat. Lon. 33 30' 30" E. Lat. 13 34' 36" N. Senne, r. Netherlands, in Hainault, which pas- ses through Brussels, and falls into the Dyle. Senonches, t. France, in Eure and Loir. Pop. 1,800. 18 m. N. Nogent le Rotrou. Senones, t. France, in Vosges, 33 m. S. W. Stras- burg. Pop. 1,600. Sens, t. France, in Yonne. Pop. 8,600. It is the see of an archbishop. 34 m. W. Troyes, 84 S. E. Paris. Lon. 3 16' 59" E. Lat. 48 11' 55" N. Sensburg, t. East Prussia, 63 m. S. S. E. Konigs- burg. Pop. 1,400. Sentinel, Grai/,and Little, 2 islands in the East- ern seas, 10 miles in circumference. 20 m. S. W. Greater Andaman. Lon. 92 40' E. Lat. 11 36' N. Sephoury, v. Palestine, on the site of the ancient Sephor or Sephoris, once the capital of Galilee, llm. N.W. Tabaria. Sepino, t. Naples, in Molise.. Pop. 3,300. It is a bishop's see. 17 m. N. by W. Benevento. Sepoury, or Sipry, t. and fort, Hind, in Agra, 18 m. S. W. Narwa. Seprio, v. Austrian Italy, on the Olona, 20m. N. W. Milan. Sepsi, or Sehepsi, a district of Transylvania, now united to that of Haromsek. Sepulveda, t. Spain, in Segovia, on the Duraton. Pop. 1,600. 24 m. E. N. E. Segovia. Sera, t. India, in Mysore, cap. of a district of the same name. Lon. 76 55' E. Lat. 13 37' N. Seraglio. See Bosna Serajo. 710 S E R Seraing, v. Netherlands, fcn the Maesc. Fop. 2,000. 3 m. S. Leige. Seramica, or Suramaca, r. Guiana, which after a course of about 100 miles, falls into the Atlantic ocean. Serampore, t. Bengal, belonging to the Danes. It is pleasantly situated on the W. bank of the Hoogly, 12 m. N. Calcutta. It is the chief station of the Baptist missions in India. The missiona- ries arrived here in 1799, aud ever since been en- gaged in preaching to the natives, and in transla- ting and printing the Holy Scriptures. In 1818, more than 600 of the heathen had embraced Chris- tianity ; the whole Bible had been translated and printed in five of the languages of India, and the New Testament in eight more. At the same time 1 2 other versions of the New Testament were in the press. One of the languages in which the whole Bible is translated, and the New Testament printed, is the Chinese, which is spoken by more than 150,000,000 people. The printing office is an extensive establishment, and 10 presses are kept constantly employed. The schools estab- lished by the missionaries for the gratuitous in- struction of children, contained in 1819, nearly 10,000 scholars. For a number of years the mis- sionaries have employed native converts in in- structing their fellow-countrymen with good suc- cess. A college for the education of native preachers has been recently established, and con- tained in 1819, 37 pupils. The Rev. Mr. Ward, one of the missionaries, collected in the year 1820, $25,000 in Britain and America towards completing this establishment, and the missiona- ries contributed $11, 000 towards the same object out of the proceeds of their own labor. Lon. 88 26 'E. Lat. 22 45' N. Serangani, cluster of islands in the Eastern seas, 5 leagues from the S. extremity of Magindauao, and between 5 and 6 N. lat. The largest, nam- ed Hummock, is about 30 miles in circumference. They are inhabited by Malays, and produce most of the tropicial fruits, and also rice, sugar- canes, tobacco, Indian corn, honey, &c. Ships are here supplied with refreshments. Seraralle, t. Austrian Italy, in Treviso, on the Mischio. Pop. 5,000. 20 m. E. by N. Asolo. Seravalle, t. Sardinian part of the Milanese, on the Scrivia. Pop. 2,400. 18 m. N. Genoa. Serawoollies, people of Gallam, in Central Af- rica, called by the French Saracolets. Serchio, r. Italy, which falls into the Mediterra- nean, 4 m. N.N. W. Pisa. Serdobol, t. Russia, in Finland, on the N. bank of the lake of Ladoga. 66 m. N. N. E. Wiborg. Serdobsk, t. Eu. Russia, in Saratov, on the Ser- 'N. Shelter hland, isl. off the E. end of Long Island, N. Y. 100 m. E. New- York. Shelter island con- stitutes a town, and belongs to Suffolk county. Pop. 391. Shellonborough, p-t. Pittsylvania co. Va. Shellon's store, p-v. Goochland co. Va. Shenandoah, r. Va. which rises in Augusta co. and after running a N. E. course of about 200 miles, joins the Potomac, in lat 38 4' N. just be- fore the latter bursts through the Blue Ridge. It is composed of four branches, South, Middle, North, and Shenandoah rivers. It is navigable about 100 miles, and traverses the richest part of the State. Shenandoah, co. Va. inclosed by Frederick, Cul- peper, Madison, Rockinghatn, and Hardy coun- ties. Pop. 18,926'. Slaves 1,901. Engaged in agriculture 3,160, in commerce 55, in manufac- tures 851. Chief town, Woodstock. S/ienandoah fork, p-v. Shenandoah co. Va. Shenango, t. Beaver co. Pa. Pop. 1,098. Shenango, t. Crawford co. Pa. Pop. 952. Shenango, t. Mercer co. Pa. Pop. 803. Shentvas creek, r. Otsego co. N. Y. which runs into the E. side of the Susquehannah. Shenley, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, on Chaudiere river, 54 m. S. Quebec. Shepaug, r. Ct. which runs into the Housaton- nuc, in Southbury. Shephard's Islands, cluster of islands in the S. Pacific belonging to the New Hebrides. Lon. 168 40' E. Lat. 17S. Shepherdstown, p-t. Jefferson co. Va. on the S. side of the Potomac. Its situation is healthy and agreeable, and the neighboring country is fertile and well cultivated. Pop. in 1800, 1,033, mostly of German descent 10m. E. by S. Martinsville, 73 from Washington. Shepherdstown, v. Belmont co. Ohio. Shepherdsrille, p-t. Bullet co. Ken. on Salt river, 5 m. from Bairdstown. Pop. in 1810, 100. Shepoory, t. Hind, in Agra, belonging to the Mahrattas. Lon. 77" 10' E. Lat. 25 25' N. Shepperton, v. England, in Middlesex, on the Thames. Pop. 751. 4 m. from Staines. Sheppey, Me of, isl. Eng. in Kent, at the mouth of the Thames and Medway. 11 miles long, and 8 broad. The principal towns in the island are Sheerness and Queenborough. Shepton Mallet, t. Eng. in Somerset. Pop. 4,638. 115 m. W. by S. London. Lon. 2 38' W. Lat. 51 12' N. Sherborne, or Sherbourne, t. England, in Dorset. Pop. 2,000. 18 m. N. by W. Dorchester, 117 W. S. W. London. Lon. 2 30' W. Lat. 50 56' N. Sherbro, a country of W. Africa, at the N. ex- tremity of the Grain or Pepper coast of Guinea, in lat. 7 N. It is situated on a river of the same name, with a large island 22 miles long at its mouth. The river is navigable 20 leagues up for ships of burden, and vessels of 70 or 80 tons may ascend 250 miles from its mouth. The country produces rice, corn, yams, sweet potatoes, cocoa nut?, oranges, coffee, indigo, and cotton. Shcrburn, t. Eng. in Yorkshire. Pop. 958. 14 m. S. W. York. Sherbume, formerly Kil/ington, t. Rutland oo. Vt. 22m. W. S. W. Windsor. Pop. 151 lington peak, in this town, is one of the highest "immits of the Green mountains. S H I Skerburne, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 20* m. S. W. Boston. Pop. 811. Skerburne. See Nantuckd. Skerburne, p-t. Chenango co. N. Y. on Chenan- go river, 11 m. N. Norwich, 98 W. Albany, 33 S. W. Utica. Pop. 2,590. It contains 2 churches for Congregationalists, a printing-office, and nume- rous mills and manufactures. Sherburne mills, p-v. Fleming co. Ken. Sh&riff, Point, cape in Columbia river, Oregon territory. Lon. 237 1 1' E. Lat.465'N. Sheriff-Muir, a plain of Scotland, near the Grampian mountains, in Perth. Sherman, p-t. Fail-field co. Ct. 60 m. S.W. Hart- ford. Pop 957. Sherman, t. Huron co. Ohio. Pop. 481. Sherrard's store, p-v. Hampshire co. Va. Sherrillsford, p-v. Lincoln co. N. C. Sherrington, t. Huntingdon co. Lower Canada, 25m. S. Montreal. Shershell, t. Algiers, in Africa. It is generally supposed to be the ancient Jot, or Ccesarea. The ruins here are not inferior to those of Carthage. The port is now filled up with sand. Lon. 2 30' E. Lat. 3635'N. Sheshequin, p-v. Luzerne co. Pa. Shetland, or Zetland Isles, the N. E. division of the Scottisn Northern isles, about 15 leagues N.E. of the Orkneys, 44 W. Bergen in Norway, on the meridian of London, and between lat. 59 48^' and 60 52' N. The islands are about 86 in num- ber, of which 40 are inhabited. Shetland, the principal island, is about 70 miles long, and has some safe and commodious harbors, capable of re- ceiving vessels of the largest size. Lerwick is the capital. The other chief islands are Bressay, Wallsey, Yell, Fitlar, and Uast Pop. 22,915, chiefly employed in agriculture and fishing. Shelucket, r. Ct. which is formed by the union of Willimantic aad Mount Hope rivers. It runs S. E. and joins the Quinebaug. The united stream still bears the name of Shetucket till it receives Norwich river, after which it is called the Thames. Shevagunga, t. India, in the Carnatic, which pays yearly to Great Britain a tribute of 50,000 pagodas. Lon. 78 30' E. Lat. 9 54' N. Shevagurry, t. India, in Tinnevelly. Lon. 77 32' E. Lat. 9 23' N. Shevelpatore, t. India, in the Caraatic. Lon. 77 43' E. Lat. 9 31' N. Sheygya, Dar, country of Nubia, at the bend of the Nile. Chief town, Merawe. Shiant Islands, a cluster among the Western isl- ands of Scotland, 6 m. from the S. E. coast of Lew- is. Lon. 6 20' W. Lat. 57 53' N. Shiel Loch, lake, Scotland, in Inverness-shire, about 10 miles long, which discharges itself into the Western sea by the river Shiel. Shield, Cape, low point, New Holland, in the gulf of Carpentaria. Lon. 136 23' E. Lat. 13 19f S. Shields, North, seaport, Eng. in Northumber- land, near the mouth of the Tyne, on its N. bank. It has a spacious quay, where ships of 300 tons may load and unload with perfect safety, and the har- bour is calculated to accommodate 2,000 sail of ships. The principal trade consists in the export- ation of coals to London, and other places along the eastern coast, both of England and Scotland. Here are various manufactures connected with shipping, also a cast iron foundery, an extensive tannery, a skinnery, a tobacco manufactory, a S H I 715 glove manufactory, and five hat manufactories Pop. 7,699. i m. W. Tynemouth, 279 N. by W. London. Lon. 1 25' W. Lat. 55 0' N. Shields, South, t. Eng. in Durham, at the mouth ol the Tyne, directly opposite to North Shields. It has of late years greatly increased in size and population. The dry docks are 11 in number: they are commodious, and large enough to con- tain 16 vessels. About 50 or 60 years ago, the number of ships belonging to this town is said to have been only four ; they now amount to up- wards of 500. Pop. above 10,000. 21 m. N. N. E. Durham, 278 N. N. E. London. Shieldsborough, t. Hancock co. Mississippi, on the bay of St Louis, 40 m. N. E. New-Orleans. The bay is navigable for vessels drawing 7 feet water. Shieldsborough is a pleasant and healthy place, and is much resorted to by the citizens of New Orleans during the hot months. Here is an incorporated college. Shiffnal, or Sheffnall, t. Eng. in Salop. Pop. 4,061. 9 m. N. E. Bridgenorth, 136 N. W. Lon- don. Shilluk, country on the Bahr el Abiad, to the S. of Sennaar, in Africa. Shimene, Port, on the N. side of the island of St. John, in the gulf of St. Lawrence. Shin, Loch, lake, Scotland, in Sutherland, about 20 miles long, which discharges itself at its E. ex- tremity, by the river Shin, into the frith of Dor- noch. Ship Core, cove, W. side of Queen Charlotte's sound, in the southern island of New Zealand. Lon. 175" 6 E. Lat. 41 10' S. Ship Island, isl. between Horn and Cat islands, on the coast of Mississippi, 10 m. S. of the bay of Biloxi. It is 9 miles long and 2 broad. Lon. 88 48' W. Lat. 30 5' N. Shipham, v. Eng. in Somerset. Pop. 539. 2 m. from Axbridge. Shipley, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, at the junction of the Bradford camil with the Leeds and Liverpool navigation. Pop, 1,214. 3 m. N. N. W. Brad- ford. Shippen, t. Mac Kean co. Pa. Pop. 111. Shippensburg, p-t. and borough, Cumberland co. Pa. on a branch of Conedogwinit. It contains about 200 houses chiefly built of stone, and three churches, 1 each for Seceders, Germans, and Methodists. Pop. 1,417. 21 m. N. by E. Cham- bersburg, 140 VV. Philadelphia. Shipninjfport, t. Jefferson co. Kentucky, on the Ohio, 2 miles below Louisville, at the foot of the rapids, on a beautiful plain. It is the natural harbor and landing place for all vessels ascending the Ohio. During three-fourihs of the year they of necessity stop here, which they can do with perfect safi-ty, as there is a basin immediately in front of the town, capable of containing any num- ber of vessel?, of any burden. The town is regu- larly laid out, arid rapidly improving. Here are a ship-yard, rope-walk, and an extensive flour- mill. Pop. in 1819, 600. Shipton, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, on the river St. Francis, 48 m. S. by E. Three-Riv- ers. Pop. 1,000. Ships/on, t. Eng. in Worcester, on the Stour. Pop. 1,377. 1 1 m. S. S. W. Stratford-upon-Avon, 83 N. W. London. Shira, r. Scotland, in Argyle, falls into Loch Fync. Shiras, a great city of Persia, capital of the province of Fars, and at several periods of the 716 S H O whole empire. The environs are almost unrival- led in point of beauty and fertility. They are laid out to a great extent in magnificent gardens, the flowers and fruits of which form a favourite theme of eastern poetry. Pop. 40,000. It carries on an extensive commerce, which consists chiefly in re- ceiving from Bushire the spices and cotton goods of India, and transmitting them to Ispahan and Yezd. The sides also of the hills which bound the plain of Shiras, produces a wine which has the highest reputation of auy in Persia, or even in the east. Lon. 52 44' E. Lat. 29 36' N. Shircoat, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, adjoining to Hal- ifax. Pop. 2,823. Shirley, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. 41 m. W. N. W. Boston. Pop. 922. Shirley, t. Huntingdon co. Pa. Pop. 1,1 9 1 . Shirleysburg, p-v. Huntingdon co. Pa. Pop. 183. Shirran, lately a province of Persia, but now belonging to Russia. It consists of a large trian- gular peninsula, extending into the Caspian, and varies in breadth from 16 miles to 160. It is bounded N. and E. by Georgia and Daghestan ; S. by the Kur, which separates it from Ghilan and Aderbijan. Shirvan is in general a fertile coun- try, watered by numberless rivers, some of which fall into the Kur, and others into the Caspian. The principal towns are Schamachi and Baku. Shisdra, t. Eu. Russia, in Kaluga, on the Shis- dra which joins the Oka. Pop. 1,900. 77 m. S. W. Kaluga. Lon. 36 1 1 ' E. Lat. 52 10' N. Shitlington, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 4 m. S. W. Wakefield. Pop. 1,410. Shiver''! mills, p-v. Warren co. Geo. S/toa, province in the S. extremity of Abyssinia, having Amhara on the N. and Efat on the E. Gon- dar is the capital. Shoal creek, r. Illinois, which runs into Kaskas- kias river on the N. It is navigable for boats 30 miles. Shoal Inlet, channel between two small islands, on the coast of North Carolina. Lon. 77 58' W. Lat. 34 5' N. Shoals, Isles of. See Isles of Shoals. Shoalness, low point on the N. W. coast of America. Lon. 198 12' E. Lat. 60 N. Shoal-Water Bay, bay on the E. coast of New Holland. Lon. of entrance, 150 15' E. Lat. 22 21'35''S. Shoal Water Cape, headland, on the N.W. coast of America. Lon. 235 1 1'E. Lat. 46 47' N. Shobdon, v. Eng. in Hereford. 8 m. from Leoin- inster. Shobury, North and South, two villages, Eng. in Essex, near the mouth of the Thames. Shoccoe Springs, in Warren co. N. C. much re- sorted to for the mineral waters. Here is an academy. Shoggle, or Choug, t. Syria, on the Orontes, 20 m. S. E. Antioch. Sholapoor, t. Hind. cap. of a district of the same name, is on the N. bank of the Kistna, and belongs to the Nizam. Lon. 75 40' E. Lat. 17" 43' N. Sfiolingur, t. India, in the Carnatic. Lon. 79 30' . Lat. 13 8' N. Shooter's hill, v. Eng. in Kent, 8 m. E. S. E. Loa- don. Shoreham, New, t. and borough, Eng. in Sussex, on the coast of the English channel. It is princi- pally engaged in ship-building. It sends 2 mem- bers to parliament. Pop. 770. 56 m. S. by W. London. Lon. 0" 16' W. Lat. 50 50' N. Shoreham, p-t. Addison co. Vt. on Lake Cham- SHU plain, 49 m. S. Burlington. Pop. 1,881. Here is an academy. Short creek, t Harrison co. Ohio, 4 m. E. Cadiz. Top. 2,978. Shotover, hamlet, Eng. in Oxfordshire, 4 m. E. by N. Oxford, remarkable for its ochre, similar iu quality to fuller's earth. Shod, an extensive plain at the S. extremity of Algiers, bordering on the Sahara. 50 miles long, and 12 broad, yielding salt. Shoulder's hill, p-v. Nansemond co. Va. Shounshu, or Choumchoo, one of the Kurile isl- and, 36 miles long, and 20 broad. 10 m. S. Kamt- schatka. Shrewsbury, t. and borough, Eng. cap. of Shrop- shire, on the Severn, with a castle. Shrewsbury is a place of considerable trade. Flannels, and a coarse woollen cloth called Welsh webs, are the staple articles. It sends two members to parlia- ment. Pop. 16,606. 40 m. W. Litchfield, 154 N. W. London. Lon. 2 45 W. Lat. 52 42' N. Shrewsbury, p-t. Rutland co. Vt. 22 m. N. Windsor. Pop. 1,149. Shrewsbury, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 6 m. E. Worcester, 38 W. Boston. Pop. 1,458. Shrewsbury, p-t. Monmouth co. N. J. on the sea coast. It is separated from Middletown by North river, which is navigable a few miles, 15 m. N. E. by E. Monmouth court-house, 14 S. E. Middle- town point, 79 E. N. E. Philadelphia. Pop. 4,284. It contains 3 churches, 1 each for Episcopalians. Presbyterians and Quakers. Much genteel com- pany resort here from Philadelphia and New York during the summer. Shrewsbury, p-t. York co. Pa. Pop. 1,983. Shrewsbury, t. Lycoming co. Pa. Pop. 379. Shrewsbury, p-v. Kenhawa co. Va. Shropshire, or Salop, county, England, on the borders of Wales, bounded N. by Denbighshire, Flintshire, and Cheshire, E. by Staffordshire, S. by Worcestershire and Herefordshire, and W. by Radnorshire, Montgomeryshire, and Denbigh- shire. Extent, 1,403 sq. miles, or 898,000 acres. Pop. 194,298; of whom 16..693 families were em- ployed in agriculture, 16,744 in trade, and 6,022 otherwise. Shubenacadie, r. Nova Scotia, which empties it- self into Cobequid bay. Shujawulpore,t. Hind, in Malwah, belonging to the Mahrattas, on the Jummary. Lon. 76 45' E. Lat. 23 43' N. Shukasku, v. Irak Arabi, on the W. bank of the Euphrates, a little above its^unction with the Ti- gris. It carries on a great traffic with Bassora, the Euphrates being navigable up to this place for large boats. Shumsabad, t. Hind, in Lahore, belonging to the Seiks, on the E. side of the Jhylum. Lon. 72 15 E. Lat. 32 16' N. Shumshairabad, I. Hind, in Agra, 5 m. S.E. Mow. Shundrabandy, t. India, in the Carnatic. Lou. 77 45' E. Lat. 9 35' N. Shus, a large mass of ruins in Khusistan, in Per- sia, extending about 12 miles from the Kerah to the Alzal ; and according to major Rennell, the site of the ancient Susa. Shuster, city of Persia, capital of Khusistan, at the foot of u range of mountains, and on an emi- nence overlooking the rapid course of the Karoon. It is defended ou three sides by an old wall. The houses are good, being principally built of stone, but the streets are narrow and dirty. Pop. above 15,000, Persians and Arabs. Here is a manufac- S I B tory of woollen stuffs, which are exported to Bas- sora. Lon. 48 59' E. Lat. 32 N. Shutesbury, t. Franklin co. Mass. 12 m. S. E. Greenfield, 90 W. N.W. Boston. Pop. 1,029. Here is a medicinal spring. Siak, r. Sumatra, which discharges itself into the straits of Campar, nearly opposite Malacca, in 1 40' N. lat. From its mouth to the town of Siak, is about 65 miles, and from thence to a place call- ed Pakanbharu, about 100 more. The width of the river is in general from about half to three quarters of a mile, and its depth from 7 to 15 fathoms ; but on the bar at low water there are only 15 feet, and several shoals near its mouth. Siak, t. in the N. E. of Sumatra, on the above river. It exports gold, wax, sago, salted fish, and fish-roes, elephants' teeth, gambir, camphor, rat- tans, and other canes. Siam, a kingdom of Asia, in the peninsula be- tween India and China, bounded W. by the Bir- man empire, N. by China and Thibet, E. by ran- ges of mountains which separate it from Cambo- dia and Cochin-China, S. by, the gulf of Siam and the peninsula of Malacca. It is composed chiefly of the fertile valley of the Menam, bordered on each side at some distance by a range of moun- tains. A large portion of the valley is inundated during a part of the year by the overflowing of the Menam, and produces ample crops of rice, the only grain of the country and the principal food of the inhabitants. The sugar cane, the cocoa- nut, the pine-apple, the tamarind and the banana are also very plentiful in Siam. The mountains are covered with forests, which abound with wild animals, particularly the elephant, rhinoceros, and tiger. Pop. estimated at 4,000. In their religion, literature, government, cruelty of punishments, and general character, the Siamese bear a strong resemblance to the Birmans. Siam, more properly called Juthia or Odia, the capital of the kingdom of Siam, is on the river Menam, 50 or 60 m. from its mouth. The city is surrounded with a brick wall, and is intersected by several large canals. The streets r.un along the canals, so that ships from the river may enter the town, and land their cargoes near the princi- pal houses. Lon. 100 23' E. Lat. 14 5' N. Pop. 1 19,000. Siam, Gulf of, a great bay of the Eastern ocean, having on the W. part of the peninsula of Malac- ca, and on the E. the kingdom of Cambodia. At its N. extremity it touches on the kingdom of Siam. and receives the great river Menam. It extends from about 9 to 14 N. lat. and from 100 to 104 K. Ion. Siang-yang, city China, in Houquang, on the river Han, with a considerable trade. Lon. 1 1 1 39' E. Lat. 32- 5' N. Xiao Isle, isl. about 35 miles in circumference, off the N. E. extremity of Celebes, on which is a volcano. Lon. 125 5' E. Lat. 2 44' N. Situ, r. Eu. Rusia, which joins the Wolga, and is united by a canal with the Volchov. Sialiita, t. Eu. Turkey, in Macedon. Pop. 4,000. 55 m. W. S. VV. Salonica. Sibaba, isl. in the Eastern seas, near the S. coast of Mindanao. Lon. 122 25' E. Lat. 6 36' N. Sibaldes, cluster of islands near the coast of Patagonia. Lon. 59 35' VV. Lat 50 53' N. Siberia, a vast territory of Asia, including the whole of Asiatic Russia, excepting 8 or 10"pr- vinces around the Caspian. It is bounded N. by S I C 717 the Frozen ocean ; W. by the chain of the Ourals, which separate it from Russia in Europe, and the provinces of Orenbourg and Astracan ; S. by the Altai and the chains of Sayansk and Yablonoy which separate it from Independent Tartary, and the tribes nominally subject to the Chinese em- pire ; E. by the Eastern ocean ; between 50 and 75 N. lat. and between 60 and 190 E. Ion. Length from E. toW. about 4,500 miles ; breadth from 1,200 to 2,000. The most striking feature of this country is the steppes or vast level plains, which cover a very great portion of its surface, and are marshy, covered with long rank grass and aquatic shrubs, and filled with almost numberless saline lakes. Siberia is very rich in minerals. The Ural mountains contain extensive mines of iron and copper with some of gold, for the working of which considerable establishments have been form- ed. The great scene of mining operations in the Altay chain is the Schlangenberg or Serpent moun- tain, situated abeut 60 miles from the Irtish and 100 from the Oby. It may be considered as an enormous mineral mass ; wherever its covering of slate rock is taken off, all the substances beneath are found to yield gold, silver, copper and plum- bago. Zinc, arsenic and sulphur are also abun- dant. Between 1749 and 1771 it produced 12,348 pounds of gold, and more than 324,000 pounds of silver. It still yields annually 36,000,000 pounds of mineral of every description ; and the vein? already discovered will supply the same quantity for 20 years. The mass of the population in Sibe- ria consists of the native tribes, who pay to the Russian government a certain tribute aunuallj . The European inhabitants consist of troops occu- pying a series of fortified posts, scattered at wide, intervals over this vast dominion, and of the de- scendants of exiles. The religion is that of Boodh, or of the Lamas, here called Shamanism. Chris- tianity has hitherto made very little progress among the natives ; though considerable efforts have recently been made, and with some success, both by the Russian government and the British missionary societies. The commerce of Siberia consists chiefly in the exportation of its metals and furs ; and in the overland intercourse of Russia with the Chinese empire. The former is in a great measure in the hands of the government, who have monopolized the most valuable mines, and to whom the tribute of all the wandering tribes is paid in furs. Pop. estimated at 2,700,000. Sibe- ria is divided into two governments, Tobolsk and Irkoutsk. Sibnibas, t. Bengal. Lon. 88 49' E. Lat. 23* 25' N. Siboure, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees, on the Nivelle, opposite to St. Jean de Luz. Pop. 1,900. Sibu, one of the Philippine islands, about 240 miles in circumference. Sibu, or Sogbu, the capi- tal, contains 5,000 houses ; and is the see of a bishop. Lon. 123 44' E. Lat. 10 35' N. Sibuyan Isle, one of the Philippines, from 30 to 40 miles in circumference. Lon. 122 30' E. Lat. 12 30' N. Sicandro, small uninhabited isl. in the Greciau archipelago, near Policandro. Siccomario, district of the Sardinian states, in the Milanese, at the junction of the Po and the Ta- naro. Sichem, t. Netherlands, in South Brabant, on the Demer. Pop. 1,500. 14 m. N. E. Louvain. Sicignano, t. Naples, in the Principato Citra. Pop. 3,400. 718 S I D Sicilies, Two, Kingdom of the. See Naples, Kingdom of. Sicily, the largest island of the Mediterranean, situated between Italy and the coast of Africa, and extending from Lon. 12 42' to 16 10' E. Lat. 36 30' to 38 12' N. Length from E. to W. 180 miles ; greatest breadth, 130. Extent, including the small islands along its coa?t, about 12,500 square miles. It has long been divided into three parts, the Val di Mazzara, Val di Demona, and Val di Noto, but in 1815, was again divided into 7 intendan- cies, viz. Palermo, Messina, Catania, Girgenti, Syracuse, Trapani, and Calatanissetta. Pop. 1,660,000. Sicily is separated from the Italian continent by a strait called the Faro di Messina, from 2 to 15 miles broad. A chain of mountains, extends through the island from E. to W. throwing off branches to the S. Between the ridges are beau- tiful vallies, and along the coasts are extensive plains. The soil has atways been noted for its fer- tility, Sicily having been anciently styled the granary of the Roman Empire. But the lands at present are almost entirely in the hands of the barons and clergy, and tracts of many miles in extent, are left uncultivated. The products are corn, flax, hemp, vines, olives, saffron, cotton, silk and fruits. The religion is the Catholic. The revenue of Sicily is computed at 1,000,- 000 sterling. The army in time of peace does not exceed 10,000 men. This island forms with Naples the kingdom of the Two Sicilies. Sicklagulty, pass in the range of hills which separate Bengal from Bahar, about 18 m. N. by W. Rajemal. Lon. 87 40' E. Lat. 25 ItS. Sicitliana, t. on the S. coast of Sicily, in the Val di Mazzara, at the mouth of the Canna, with a harbour. Pop. 6,000. 8 m. W. by N. Gir- genti. Sicyon, a once celebrated town of Greece, in the Morea, to the N. W. of Corinth. Sidari, or Sidero, Cape, the N. extremity of the island ofCorfu, in the Mediterranean. Lon. 19 52' E. Lat. 37 53' N. Side, Ruins of, on a promontory upon the coast of Asia Minor. Here are considerable remains, the most remarkable of .which are those of the theatre, one of the largest and best preserved of any in Asia Minor. Lon.- 31 30' E. Lat. 36 50' N. Sideling Hill, a range of hills in the N. W. part of Maryland, which extend between Alle- ghany arid Washington counties. Siders, t. Switz. in the Valais, on a rivulet, 8 m. E. Sion. Sidili. See Sdilles. Sidlair, or Sudlaw Hills, ridge of hills in Scot- land, which extends in a direction from west to east, through the counties of Perth and Angus, be- ginning at Kinnoul, and terminating near Bre- chin. Sidlesham, v. Eng. in Sussex, with a quay. Pop. 865. 4i m. from Chichester. Sidmouth, t. Eng. in Devon, on the river Sid, which falls into a bay of the English channel. Pop. 1,688. 12 m. S. E. Exeter, 158 W. by S. L6ndon. Lon. 3 14' W. Lat. 50 41' N. Sidney, t. of the island of Cape Breton, 20m. N. Louisburg. Sidney Cove. See Sydney Core. Sidney, t. Hastings co. Upper Canada, on lake Ontario. S I E . Sidney, p-t. Cennebeck co. Maine, on Kenne- beck river, 8m. N. Augusta. Pop. 1,890. Sidney, p-t. Delaware co. i\. Y. 25 m. VV. Del- hi, 95 S. W. Albany. Pop. 1,107. Sidney, t. and cap. Shelby co. Ohio. Sidra, (an. Syr/is,) gulf, Tripoli, between Lon. 15 30' and 19 30' E. and between 30 30' and 32* 30' N. Siedlce, t, Poland, cap. of Podlachia. Pop. 2,200. 55 m. E. Warsaw. Sieg, r. Prussian Westphalia, which, falls into the Rhine, nearly opposite Bonn. Siegen, t. Prussian Westphalia, on the Sieg. Pop. 4,000. 42 m. E. Bonn. Siegeni, t. in the island of Malta. Pop. 2,300. Siemiuti/ce, t. Russian Poland, 7 m. S. S. W. Belcz, 51'S.by W. Bialystok. Pop. 2,800. Here is a college. Sienna, Terrilorio di Sienna, or Siennese, pro- vince of Tuscany, bounded by the Florentine and the territory of Pisa ; 62 miles long, and of nearly an equal breadth. Extent, 3,100 sq. miles. It is divided into two districts, called Upper and Lower. Pop. estimated at 190,000. Sienna, or Siena, city Tuscany, capital of the province of Sienna. Pop. 24,000. The cathedral is a magnificent marble structure in the Gothic style, inferior to none in Italy, except St. Peter's at Rome. Sienna is the seat of a university, and of several academies, among which those of phys- ics and natural history have acquired some note. The Siennese reckon among their number a large proportion of gentry and literati, and lay claim to a reputation for politeness, and to a taste for learn- ing and the arts, in particular for speaking Italian with great purity. It is the see of an archbishop, 30 m. S. by E. Florence. Lon. 11 10' la'' E. Lat. 43 22' N. Sieradz, t. Poland, on the Wartha, 29 m. E. S. E. Kalisch, 108 W. S. W. Warsaw. Pop. 1,600. Sierek, t. France, in Moselle, on the Moselle. Pop. 1,000. 25 m. N. by E. Metz. Sierra, the eastern part of New Castile, so call- ed from its mountains. The word Sierra is a general name for mountain in Spain. Sierra Leone, a country on the west coast of Africa, lying between 7 and 10" N. lat. A river of the same name passes through it nearly in the centre. The lands on this river, for a considera- ble distance, are very fertile, producing cotton, rice, sugar, and most of the tropical fruits. A colony was planted here by the British in 1791, for the purpose of cultivating the productions suited to the climate, and opening a trade with the interior. The first settlers were about 500 in number, principally blacks, who were increased in 1792, by 1,200 free negroes from Nova Scotia. The first colonists suffered from sickness, and in 1794, the settlement was destroyed by the French, but it was afterwards re-established, and in 1809, contained 1,500 persons ; since which it has been very flourishing, and is now the most important English colony in Africa, except the Cape of Good Hopje. The population in 1820, was 12,509 ; it consists principally of Africans, rescued from the holds of slave ships, and who, when they were introduced into the colony were at the lowest point of mental and moral depression. They now exhibit very gratifying proof of the susceptibili- ty of the African character for improvement and civilization. From savages and gross idolaters, many of them have been converted into enter- S I G I ing traders, skilful mechanics, and industrious aers, supporting themselves and their families in comfort, and performing respectably all the du- ties of citizens. They discharge the dutie* of ju- rors, constables, and o'ther offices with much pro- priety, and are a fine example of a community of black-men living as freemen, enjoying the benefits of the British constitution, regularly attending public worship; and gradually improving by mea ns of schools and other institutions in knowledge and civilization. This happy change has been ef- fected by the blessing of God on the labours of English missionaries. The number of missiona- ries in the colony in 1819, was 17, and the number of children in the schools at the various settle- ments in 1821, was 1,959. The value of goods imported at the port of Freetown in 1821, was 105,060 sterling. The amount of the exports for the same year was 6,805 tons. The principal articles of export are timber, elephants' teeth and scrivelloes, palm oil camwood, gum copal, hides, bees' wax, gold, rice, chillies, coffee and grains. Sierra Madre, ridge of mountains in N. Ameri- ca, forming part of the Andes. It commences near Guadalaxara, and extends 450 miles in a northerly direction. Sierra Nivada, chain of mountains, Spain, which is principally confined to the province of Grana- da, and terminates on the coast of the Mediterra- nean in various points, the most southern of which is the rock of Gibraltar. The highest single mountains of Spain are in the Sierra Nivada, the loftiest summit of which is 12,762 feet above the level of the sea. Sierra Moreno,. See M&rena. Sierero Vostachnoi, cape on the N. coast of A. Russia. Lon. 101 14' E. Lat. 78 N. Sievero Zapadnoi, cape on the N. coast of A. Russia. Lon. 94 14' E Lat. 77 N. Sievershausen, v. Hanover, 19m. N. W. Got- tingen. Sigean, or Sijean, t. France, in Aude, on the Berre, 9 m. S. Narbonne. Pop. 1,800. Sigeth, Nagy, or Sigethbar, t. Hungary, near the Almasch. Pop. 3,000. 44 m. S. E. Canischa. 160 S. S. E. Vienna. Lon. 17 48' 48" E. Lat. 46 3V 5" N. Sigelh, or Ssigeth, t. Hungary, cap. of the coun- ty of Marmarosch, at the confluence of the Itza and the Theyss. Pop. 6,500. 48 m. N. by E. Nagy- B any a, 243 E. by N, Pest. Sigg, or Sikke, r. Algiers, which unites with Hnbran, when their combined stream falls into the Mediterranean, near Oran. Sigmaringen,t. Germany, on the Danube, the residence of the princes of Hohenzollern-Sigma- rin^en. 29 m. N. Constance. Sigmaringen, (the principality.) See Hohen- sollern. Signes, t. France, in Var, on the Tay. Pop. I r 500. lira. N.Toulon. Signy k Grand, t. France, in Ardennes, on the Vaux. Pop. 2,100. 14 m. N. W. Mezieres. Sign, Cape, the N. W. point of the island of Mitylene. Lat. 39 26' N. Sigtuna, t. Sweden, in Upland, on a creek of the lake of Malar. 10m. N. Stockholm. Stguatt*, (an. Segontium,') city, Spain, in Gua- dalaxara. Pop. 5,000. It is the see of a bishop. It contains 2 churches, 3 convents, 2 hospitals, a castle, and an arsenal. In the environs are salt eprings. 75 m. N. E. Madrid, 95 S. S. E. Burgos. Lon. * 57 W. Lat. 40 55' N. S I L 719 Sihon, or Sirr, (an. Jaxartes,} r. Independent Tartary, rising on the western side of the moun- tains which separate thatregion from Cashgar, in, Chinese Tartary. After a long course, chiefly to the N. W. it falls into the E. side of the Aral sea. Sikaria, or Sakaria, r. Asia Minor, which falls into the gulf of Erekli, in the Black sea. Lon. 30 45' E Lat. 41 10' N. Sikiang, or West River, r. China, which falls into the sea to the S. of Canton. Sikino. isl. of the Grecian archipelago, between Polyandro and Nio. Lon. 25 10' E. Lat. 36 43' N. Siklos, t. Hungary, 16 m. S. by E. Funfkirchen, 118 S. Pest. Sil, r. Spain, which joins the Minho in Ga- licia. Silading, isl. in the Eastern seas, near the N. coast of Celebes. Lon. 124 25' E. Lat. 1 2 1 7 N. Silaro, r. Italy, in Ravenna, which falls into an arm of the Reno. Silberberg, t. Prussian Silesia. Pop. 1,600, with a strong fortress capable of containing 5,000 men. 1 1 m. N. Glatz, 40 S. S. W. Breslau. Silberstrasse, v. Saxony, on the Mulda, 4 m. S. S. E. Zwickau. Silchester, v. Eng. in Hants, 7 m. from Basing- stoke. Silesia, province of the Prussian dominions, be- tween Poland on the E. and Bohemia on the W. and extending from* Lon. 14 25' to 18 12' E. and from Lat. 49 40' to 51 59' N. The county of Glatz, and a portion of Lusatia, are now annexed to it. Area, computed at 15,000 square miles. Pop. more than 2,000,000. The Sudetic chain of mountains divides Silesia from Bohemia and Mo- ravia, and from Hungary it is separated by the Carpathians. The country to the ast of the Oder is not fertile, but the western or German side is the best portion of the Prussian territory, containing mines of coal andiron, and also of cop- per, vitriol, and cobalt. The annual value of the linen manufacture of Silesia, is estimated at 1,500,000 sterling; that of woollens, at more than 500,000. The number of Protestants and Catholics is about equal, and there are 12,000 Jews. Silesia) Austrian^ province of Austria. Area, 1,845 sq. miles. Pop. 350,000. It is divided into the circles of Troppau and Teschen, and is now incorporated with Moravia. Silhet, district of Bengal, between 24 and 26 N. lat. on the E. side of the Bramapootra river. Silhet, properly Sirihat, the capital, is in Ion. 91 40' E. lat. 24 55' N. Silifrey. See Jillifree. Silino, small isl. among the Philippines, near the N. coast of Mindanao. Lon. 121 40' E. Lat, 9 2' N. Silislria, or Dristria, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bulga- ria, on the S. bank of the Danube, at the influx of the Missova. It is well fortified, and has several handsome mosques and baths. Pop. 20,000. It is the see of an archbishop. 155 m. N. N. E. Adrianople. Lon. 27 6' E. Lat. 44 15' N. Silivri, or Selivrea, (an. Selymbria,') seaport, Eu. Turkey, in Romania, on the sea of Marmora. Pop. 6,000, of whom 1,500 are Greeks, and 200 Jews. 32 m. W. Constantinople. Siljan, t. Sweden, in Dalecarlia, 29 m. N. W. Fahlun. Silla, t. Bambarra, in Central Africa, on the S. 720 S I M bank of the Niger. Loo. 1 34' W . Lat 1448' N. Silla de Caraccas, peak of the Andes, near the city of Caraccas, 8,420 feet high. Siliabar, orCellabar, seaport of Sumatra, with a good harbor. 30 m. S. S. E. Bencoolen SiUahMew t t. Birman empire, on the E. bank of the Irrawuddy. Lon. 94 30' E. Lat. 20 50' N. Silie It Guillawne, t. France, in Sarthe. Top. 2,000. Sillery, seignory, Quebec co. Lower Canada, on the N. side of the St. Lawrence, 3 m. S. W. Quebec. Sifliun, t Austria, in Tyrol, on the Drave, 60 m. E. S. E. Innspruck. Silly, t. Netherlands, in Hainault. Pop. 2,200. Sikoe, or SHvishoc, v. Eng. in Bedfordshire, 14 N. N. VV. London. Silver blujf, in S.C. on Savannah river, about 30 feet high, extending about 2 miles on the river, and about 1 mile wide. Here are vestiges of an- tiquity. Silver creek, r. Kentucky, which runs into the Ohio below Clarksville. Copperas is found in large quantities on its banks. Silver creek, t. Green co. Ohio. Pop. 1,048. Silver lake, p-t. Susquehannah co. Pa. Pop. 456. Silvcrmines, v. Ireland, in the vicinity of which are lead mines. 77 m. W. S. W. Dublin. Silres, t. Portugal, in Algarva, on the river Sil- ves, which is navigable as far as this town. Pop. 2,000. 24 m. E. N. E. Lagos, 45 W. N. W. Ti- vira. Simancas, t. Spain, in Valladolid, at the entrance of the Pisuerga into the Douro, 15 m. S. W. Val- ladoiid. S-,.-'h~nd. v. Hungary, in the Palatinate of Arad. 18 m. b. o. E. G a} la. Lon. 21 24' E. Lat. 46 25 'N. Simbani, country of W. Africa, separating the kingdom of Woolly from that of Bondou. Simbirsk, government of Eu. Russia, on both sides of the Wolga, between 52 and 57 N. hit., having the government of the Kasan on the N. and that of Saratov on the S. Extent, 30,000 sq. miles. Pop. 850,000. Simbirsk, the capital of the above, is situated at the confluence of the Sviaga and the Wolga, 410 m. E. S. E. Moscow, 730 S. E. St. Petersburg. Pop. 1 1 ,000. It contains 10 churches or chapels, and its position is favorable to trade. Lon. 40 30' E. Lat. 54 25' N. Simeoe Lake, lake of Upper Canada, commu- nicating with Lake Huron, through the river Sev- ern. Simcoe, co. Home district, Up. Canada, extend- ing from Lake Simcoe to Lake Huron. Simferopol, or Akmetschet^ t. Eu. Russia, in the Crimea, and the seat of the government of Tau- rida, is on the Salgir. Pop. 1,600. 136 m. S. by E. Cherson. Lon. 24 8' E. Lat. 45 12' N. Simi, or Symi, isl in the Mediterranean, 6 m.N. Rhodes. Lon. 37 34' E. Lat. 36 36' N. Simmenthal, valley of Switzerland, in the can- ton of Bern, traversed by the small river Simm. It is 24 miles long, and is divided by the river into Upper and Lower Simmenthal, the latter some- times called W r immis. Simmern, t. Prussian province of the Lower Rhine. Pop. 1,500. 23 m. S. S. W. CoblenU. Simmes, t. Lawrence co. Ohio. Pop. 247. Simmon's Island, small isl. on the coast of - tt . f. at the S. end of Johns island. S I N Simoga, t. India, in Mysore, on the Tung a or Toom river. Lat. 75 35 E. Lat. 13" 51' N. Simon's Bay, bay of the Cape of Good Hope, funning the head of False bay. Lat. 34 12' S. Simoiiytornya, or Symonthurm, t. Hungary, at the confluence of the Kaproncza and the Sio, 57 m. S. S. W. Buda. Pop. 2,800. Simorre, t. France, in Gers. Pop. 1,400. 13 m. S. E. Auch. Simplon, or Simpeln, mountain, Switz. which separates the canton of the Valais from the Pied- montese territory, 11,000 feet above the level of the sea. The road over this mountain was finish- ed 1805, at the joint expense of France and the kingdom of Italy, in the reign of Bonaparte. It was a work of great labour and occupied several years. It is 36 miles long, 25 feet broad, and pas- ses over 264 bridges, and through no less than six galleries, or passages cut through the superim- pending rocks, the highest point of the road is nearly 6,000 feet. Simpson, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, on St. Francis river, 30 m. S. Three Rivers. Simpson, co. Kentucky. Pop. 4,852. Klavra 803. Engaged in agriculture 608, in commerce 6, in manufactures 78. Simpson's Island, isl. in the S. Pacific, 4 m. VV. from Carteret's island. Lon. 159 20' E. Lat, 8 26' S. Simpsonville, p-v. Montgomery co. Md. Simp-'ionvWe, p-v. Shelby co. Ky. Simxuury, p-t. Hartford co. Ct. 12m. N. W. Hartford. It contains 2 churches, 1 for Con- gregationalists, and 1 for Episcopalians. Pop. 1,954. Sin, orBursin, kingdom of W. Africa, extend- ing about 10 leagues along the Atlantic, and con- taining a surface of about 140 square leagues. Pop. about 60,000. The best ports are Joal, Serena, and Faghioup. Sinaab, t. Algiers, in Tlemsan, on the E. side of the ShellifT, 72 m. S. W 7 . Algiers. Sinai, a mountain of Arabia, near the head of the Red sea, celebrated in scripture history as the spot whence the law was given to Moses. The range to which Sinai belongs is called by the Arabs Jibbel Musa, and consists of several lofty summits, the vallies of which are composed of frightful gullies, between rugged precipitous rocks. At the foot of the mountain is the Greek convent of St. Catherine. 150 m S. E. Suez. Sanamari, r. French Guiana, which falls into the Atlantic, in hit. 5' 39' N. Sinan, r. Algiers, which falls into the Wed el Mailah, about 5 m. from the sea. Sinano, v. Greece, in the Morea, supposed to occupy the site of the ancient Megalopolis. Sinaruco, r. New Granada, in San Juan de los Llanos, which enters the Orinoco between the Capanapa and the Meta. Sinoy, v. Netherlands, in East Flanders. Pop. 3,400. 16 m. N. E. Ghent. Sincapore, or Sincapora, isl. separated by a strait of the same name from the S. coast of Ma- lacca. Lon. 103 30' E. Lat. 1 V N. Sindangan Bay, large bay on the N.W. coast of Mindanao. Lon. 123 6' E. Lat. 8^ 15' N. Sinde, province, Hind, on both sides of the In- dus, between lat. 24 and 27 N. The cultivation depends on the proper management of the irriga- tion by means of canals and drains from the river. The produce ii sugar, indigo, and all kinds ol S A U It was the birth-place of the celebrated Vauban. 33 m. W. Dijon. Lon. 4 17 E. Lat. 47 16' N. Saultj t. France, in Vaucluse, on the Neaque. Pop. 1,600. 24 m. W. S. W. Sisteron. Sautt de NavaUles, t. France, in Lower Pyre- nees. Pop. -2,300. Sault a la Puce, Riviere du, r. Lower Canada, which flows from the N. into the St. Lawrence, opposite the island of Orleans, noted for two or three very romantic falls. Saulx, t. France, in Upper Saone. Pop. 1,300. 9 m. S.W. Luxeuil. Saumaise, t. France, in Cote d'Or, 18 m N. W. Dijon. Saumur, t. France, in Maine-and-Loire, situa- ted on the S. bank of the Loire, over which are two bridges. It is attractive from the beauty of the surrounding scenery. Here are manufactures of linen, woollens, leather, and some trade in wine and brandy. Saumur was the birth place of the celebrated madame Dacier. 27 in. S. E. Augers, 38 W. S. W. Tours. Pop. 10.000. Saunders, Cape, cape on the N. E. coast of the island of Georgia. Lon 36^ 57' W. Lat. 54 10' S. Saunders, Cape, cape, New Zealand, on the S. coast of Tavai-Poe-namrnoo. Lon. 189 4' W. Lat. 45 35' S. Sounders' Island, isl. in the S. Atlantic. Lon. 26 44' W. Lat. 57 49' S. Savolax, district of Finland, bounded E. and S. by Russia proper, and W. by Tavastland. It is 200 miles long, and 100 broad, and is in a great measure covered with woods, lakes, and marshes Savona, maritime t. Italy, in the. Genoese terri- tory. The principal articles of trade are silk, wool, and fruit ; and heavy iron ware, such as ships' anchors, are manufactured here. 20m. W. S. VV. Genoa, 60 N. E. Nice. Lon. 8 31' E. Lat. 44" 19' N. Pop. 10,600. Savoy, dutchy in the S. of Europe, forming the N. W. part of the continental states of the king- dom of Sardinia, and extending from lat. 45 8' to 46 28' N. It is bounded W. by France, E. by Piedmont. Its length from N. to S. is 94 miles, its breadth between 60 and 70. Extent, 3,800 sq. mile?. Pop. 450,000. The surface of Savoy is in the highest degree bleak and rugged : all the ma- terials of the sublime, are its characteristic fea- tures. Among the mountains are Mount Blanc, Mount St. Bernard, Mount Cenis, Mount Issran, Mount Valaison, and Mount Toumet, all connect- ed together, and forming a stupendous barrier be- tween Savoy and Piedmont. Savoy is naturally one of the poorest countries of Europe, but by dint of skill and industry the inhabitants raise enough to supply their wants. The Savoyard:: have a brown complexion, from their frequent exposure to the open air. They live chiefly in the coun- try ; and are marked by simplicity of manners, frugality and sobriety. Their language is a mix- ture of French and Italian. Chamberry is the capital. Savoy, p-t. Berkshire co. Mass. 25 m. N.E. Len- ox. Pop. 852. Saural, t. France, in Arriege. Pop. 3,500. 3 m. N. W. Tarascon. Sautgur, t. India, in Baramahal. Lon. 78 54' E. Lat. ir 5tf.lt. Sm-H, isl. in the Eastern seas, 20 miles long. Lon. 122 B 30'E. Lat. 10 3.5' S. Sauves, t. France, in the Gard, on the Vidourle. Pop. 3,000. 2 1 m. N. W. Nimc?. 38 SAX 697 Sauvelat, t. France, in Lot and Garonne. Pop. 2,800. 14 m. N. E. Marmande. Sauvelat de Gaure, La, t. France, in Gers. Pop. 1,300. 9 m. S. W. Lectoure. Sauvetal de Sauvere, La, r. France, in Lot and Garonne. Pop. 1,400. 10 m. N. W. Valence, 9 N. by E. Agen. Sauveterre, t. France, in Aveiron. Pop. 3,500. 14 m. S.W. Rhodez, 11 S. E. Villefranche. Sauveterre, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne, OQ the Allemance. Pop. 1,100. 6 m. N. Fumel. Sauveterre t. France, in Lower Pyrenees, on the Gave d'Oleron. Pop. 1,200. 9 m. S.W. Orthez. Sauveterre, t. France, in Gers, 3 m. W. Lom- bes. Sauxillange, t. France, in Puy de Dome. Pop. 2,100. 6 m. E. Issoire, 15 W. Ambert. Suwpit, p-t. West-Chester co N. Y. Sawyer's, or Afferadores Island, on the W. coast of Mexico, 12 m. from the Bar of Realejo. Sax, v. Switzerland, in St. Gall, 8 m. S. E Ap- penzel. ' Sax, t. Spain, in Murcia, on the Taraffa, 23 m. W. Alicant. Pop. 2.200. Saxmundum, t. Eng. in Suffolk. Pop. 967. 19 m. N. E. Ipswich, 89 N. E. London. Saxons, p-v. Abbeville district, S C. Saxons, Province of, in Transylvania, one of the 3 great divisions of that principality, forming the S. part, adjacent to the frontier of Turkey. Ex- tent between 3,000 and 4,000 square miles. Pop. 360,000, mostly Lutherans. Saxony, Kingdom of., in the N. E. of Germany, bounded S by Bohemia, and N. by the Prussian states. Previous to 1814, it contained above 2,000,000 of inhabitants (exclusive of the part of Poland subject to this crown) ; but it was greatly reduced by the congress of Vienna. At present its divisions, extent, and population, are as fol- low : Square rmles. Population. Circle of Meissen - 1,600 300,000 Leipsic - - 1,460 207,000 Erzgebirge - 2,175 460,000 Vogtland - - 700 90,000 Part of Merseburg - 73 10,000 Upper Lusatia 1,180 170,000 Total 7,188 1,237,000 The length of Saxony is 140 miles, its greatest breadth about 75. The Erzgebirge mountains run along the southern frontier, separating the kingdom from Bohemia. The descent from these mountains, though steep on the side of Bohemia, is gentle and undulating on that of Saxony, and it is only in the northern half of the kingdom that it subsides into plains. The soil in the southern and mountainous parts of Saxony is well cultiva- ted only in the vallies; but in the level districts of the north, particularly in the circles of Meissen and Leipsic, tillage is general. The products are wheat, barley, oats and other grain, also some to- bacco and hops. Of the domestic animals, the chief care has been bestowed on the sheep, Meri- no rams having been imported about 50 years ago, and the Saxon wool rendered by continued good management, the best in Germany. Few countries equal Saxony in mineral riches, the Erzgebirge mountains abounding in mines of iron, copper, lead, silver, cobalt, zinc and coal, all of which are extensively and skilfully wrought. Porcelain clay also is found in the neighborhood of Meissen. This country is more thickly settbd C98 S C A than any other state in Germany except \Vu ; berg and Baden. The great majority of the in- habitants are of the Lutheran religion, but the reigning family are Catholics. The institutions for education are numerous and well conducted. The Saxons also cultivate literature and the ele- gant arts with great success, and in no country of equal extent is the number of printing and book- selling establishments so great. Saxony is a king- dom, and the power of the sovereign is limited by the states, without whose consent no law ean be made, and no tax imposed. The revenue amounts to j850,000, and the public debt is stated at 3,700,000. The army on the present peace es- tablishment amounts to 12,000 men. The prin- cipal article of manufacture is linen. Woollens are likewise manufactured in a number of towns. Cotton spinning and weaving acquired a rapid ex- tension towards the close of the last century, and have of late years been benefitted by the intro- duction of improved machinery. The manufac- tures connected with the mines are of considera- ble extent, particularly at Freyberg. Saxony, a large province of the Prussian States, situated to the W. of Brandenburg, and N. of the kingdom of Saxony. It comprises almost the whole of the cessions made by the latter power at the congress of Vienna, aud with these have been incorporated by the Prussian government, the principalities lying to the N. of the dutchy of An- halt, and to the W. of the rivers Elbe and Havgl ; so that the whole now forms an area of 9,830 sq. miles. Pop. 1,000,000. It is divided into the governments of Magdeburg, Merseburg, and Er- furt. It forms a distinct military division ; and the chief town is Magdeburg. Sayanskie, part of the Altai range of mountains, between Siberia and Chinese Tartary. They ex- tend between the Upper Yenisei and the Lake Baikal. Sal/brook, p-t. Middlesex co. Ct. on the west side of Connecticut river, at its mouth, opposite Lyme, 40 m. S. E. Hartford, 18 VV. New London, 34 E. New Haven. It is one of the oldest towns in the country. Ship-building is carried on to a consid- erable extent at the village of Pettipaug, and the shad fisheries are a source of much wealth to the town. There is an ivory comt> factory here on an extensive scale, and a patent gimblet and augur manufactory. It contains 8 religious societies, 4 of Congregationalists, 2 ol' Baptists, 1 of Episcopalians, and 1 of Methodists. p p. 4,165. Sayda, t. Saxony, 27 m. W. Dresden. Saymbrumbacum, t. India, in the Carnatic. Lon. 80 5' E. Lat. 13 2' N. Sayn, small principality in the dutchy of Nas- sau, and the Prussian government of Coblentz. Sayn, or Seyn, isl. France, in Finisterre, oppo- site to Cap di Riez, surrounded with rocks and shoals. Saypan, one of the Ladrone islands, about 20 miles in circumference. Lon. 145 55' E. Lat. 15 13- N. Sazaica, r. Bohemia-, which joins the Muldau below Dawlo. Sazaica, t. Bohemia, on the above river, 28 m. S. E. Prague. Scaer, t, France, in Finisterre. Pop. 4,100. 12 m. N. W. Quimperl. Scafati, t. Naples, in the Principle Cilra oil 'he Satno. Pop. 2,300. 12 m. N. W. Salerno. S C A Sea Fell, mt. Eng. in Cumberland, 3,166 feet above the level of the sea. Scaff'tt, or Barca di Garigliano, t. Naples, in the Terra di Lavoro, on the Garigliano, 9 m. E. by N. Gaeta. Scajfajola, or Scaifagiuolo, lake, Italy, in the dutchy of Modena, remarkable for its situation uear one of the highest summits of the Appenines. Scaggerac. See Skagen, Cape of. Scala, t. Naples, in the Principato Citra. Pop. 1,800. 1 1 m. W. S. W. Amalfi, 12 W. Salerno. Scala JVbj'a, ('an. Neapolu,} seaport, Asia Mi- nor, 3 leagues from the site of the ancient Ephe- sus. Pop. 20,000, chiefly Turks. It carries on n. considerable trade, supplying Samos and the neighbouring districts with gram, coffee, and cloth from Egypt, Smyrna, and Salonica. 40 m. S. Smyj-na. Scalea, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, on the Laino, where it falls into the gulf of Policastro. 29 m. W. Cassano. Lon. 15 59' E. Lat. 3' V. S C H Schumeg, or Somogi/e-f-'armegye, a palatinate of Hungary, between the Balaton lake and the Drave. Extent, 2,430 sq. miles. Pop. 170,000. Schumla, Schumna, or Ciumla, t. Eu. Turkey, in Silistria, 50 m. S. of the Danube. Pop. 30,000. The trade consists partly in the wine of the coun- try, partly in the manufacture of hardware, and the supply of ready made clothes for Constanti- nople. 2-27 m N. N. W. Constantinople, 75 S. E. Rustschuk. Lon. 26 56' E. Lat. 43 25' N. Srhunfer, r. Germany, which passes by Bruns- wick, and 7 m. below joins the Ocker. Schupfen, v. Swiss canton of Lucerne, on the Emme. Pop. 2,800. 15 m. S. W. Lucprne. Schutt, district, Hungary, surrounded by the Raab, the Waag, and two branches of the Dan- ube. 55 miles long and 30 broad. Schultenfiofen, or Sutficzc, or Sussycse, t. Bohe- mia, on the Watawa. Pop. 2,500. '71 m. S.S.W. Prague. Schultoff, t. Hanover, on the Vechte, 3 m. N. E. Bentheim. Schutzen, Great, or Nagy-Levard, t. Hungary. Pop. 3,000. 25 m. N. by W. Presburg, 33 N. E. Vienna. Schuyler, t. Herkimer co. N. Y. 10m. N. W. Herkimer. Pop. 1,837. Schuy'ler^s lake, Otsego co. N. Y. 4 m. E. Otsego lake. It is 5 miles long and 1 broad, and discharg- es it waters through Oak's creek i-nto theSusque- hannah. Schuylkill, r. Pennsylvania, which rises N. W. of the Kittatlnny mountains, and after a S. E. ceurse of 120 miles, falls into the Delaware, op- posite Mud Island, 6 or 7 miles below Philadel- phia. There are falls 5 miles above Philadelphia, and others at Norristown. But these have been surmounted, and a canal is now in progress con- necting the Tulpehocen, which falls into the Schuylkill just above Reading, with the Swatara, which falls into the Susquehannah at Middletown. The bridge over the Schuylkill in Philadelphia is a superb structure. Schuylkill, co. Pa. Pop. 11,339. Engaged in agriculture 1,194, in commerce 20, in manufac- tures 662. Chief town, Orwigsburg. Schuylkill, t. Schuylkill co. Pa. Pop. 546. Schuylkill, t. Berks co. Pa. Pop. in 1810. 353. Schwabach, t. Bavarian Franconia, in Anspach, on a small river of the same name, which divides it into two parts. Pop. 7,000. It has manufac- tures of cotton, pins, tobacco, and broad cloth. 9 m. S. S. W. Nuremburg. Schwabmunchen, t. Bavaria. Pop. 2,000. 1 1 m. S. Augsburg, 16 N. E. Mindelheim. Lon. 10" 44' 55'' E. Lat. 48 11' 30" N. Schwachat, t. Lower Austria, at the influx of the Schwacha into the Danube. Pop. 4,000. 17 m. S. E. Vienna. Schwalm, r. Hesse, which joins the Edder. Scfnrandcn, t. Switzerland, in Claris, at the confluence of the Linlh and the Seruf. Pop.4,000. 5 m. S. Claris. Schwnndorf, v. Bavarian Franconia, on the Nab. Pop. 1,000. 21 m. N. Ratisbon. Srtnvancbeck, t. Prussian Saxony, 10 m.N.Qued- linburg. Sr/iwancnsladt, t. Upper Austria, 121 m. W. of Y if 1111:1 . Sr/i iranzr.n, peninsula of Denmark, in Sleswick, l^tuoon the Sohley and the Eckernfiord, two in- tlic Baltic. Extent, 90 sq. miles. Pop. 6,000. SCH Schwarzburg- Sander fiausen, a principality of Germany, almost surrounded by the Prussian do- minions. It contains 500 sq. miles, and according to the official return in 1818, 45,117 inhabitants, with a revenue of 25,000/. sterling. Arnstadt and Sonderhausen are the chief towns. Sf/iwarsburg-Rudolsladt, principally, Germ^yj lying S. E. of Schwarzburg Sonderhausen, and almost surrounded by the territories of the house of Saxe. It contains 484 sq. miles, and according to the official return in 1818, 53,937 inhabitants, with a revenue of 22,OOOZ. sterling. Rudolstadt is the principal town. Schwarzenberg, principality, Franconia, in Ba- varia. Area, 100 sq. miles. Pop. 13,000. The prevailing religion is Lutheran. Schwarza, r. Germany, which falls into the Saale. Schiuarza, r. Moravia, which passes by Brunn, and joins the They a, near Mischau. Schwarzach, r. Bavarian Franconia, which pas- ses by the village of Rasch, near Altdori', and falls into the Regnitz below Neus. Schwarzach, r. Bavarian Franconia, which falls into the Altmuhl,6 m. S. W. Berngries. Schicarsach, r. Bavaria, which joins the Nab, 4 m. S. Nabburg. Schicarzau, t. Lower Austria, 40 m. S. S. W. Vienna. Schwars Elster. See Elster, Black. Schwctrzenau, v. Bavarian Franconia, on the Maine, 12 m. E. Wurzburg, noted for the baitle of 3d September, 1796. Schwarzenberg, Canals of, two canals of Bohe- mia, one extending from the circle of Budweis to the Danube ; the other from the county of Pra- chinto the Muldau, 10 miles. Schwarzwald. See Forest, Black. Schwa rzwald, department in Wirtemberg, adja- cent to Baden. Extent, 640 sq. miles. Pop. 105,000. Chief town, Calw. Schwarzwasser, the name of 5 rivers of Silesia, 3 of which flow into the Oder, one 1 m. E. Bres- lau, another 1 m. E. Maltsch, a third 3m. N. N. E. Wartenberg; the fourth joins the Katzbach near Lieonitz ; and the fifth joins the Stober near Bie- litz. Schwarz, t. Austrian states, in Tyrol, on the Inn, capital of a district, comprehending the Low- er Innthal, with a part of the dutchy oi Salz- burg. Pop. 4,000. 16 m. E Innspruck, 56 S. Mu- mrh. Lon. 11 39' 30" E. Lat. 47 2^ 50" N. Xchwfdt, t. Prussia, in Brandenburg, on the Oder, 53 in. N. E Berlin. Pop. 3,700. Lon. 14 28' E. Lat. 53 5' N. Schweidnitz, principality of Lower Silesia, bounded S. by Bohemia, arid included in Prussian province of Reichenbach. Extent,! ,000 sq. miles. Pop. 180,000. Scttwfidnitz, t. Prussian Silesia, the chief place of the preceding principality. Pop. 8,000, chiefly Protestants. 30 m. VV. S. VV. Breslau, 11 W. N. W. Ileichenbach. Hi-It ireigern, t. Wirtemberg, 8 m.W. Heilbronn. Pop. 1,800. Schtceigern, t. Baden, 2 m. E. N. E. Boxbenr. Pop. 1,000. Xchucina, t. Germany, in Saxe-Meinungen, 6 m. E. by N. Salzungen, 7 N. N. W. Schmalcal- ilund society, p-v. Wind hem co. Ct. Scott, t. York co. Up. Canada, N. of York. Scott, p-t. Courtland co. N. Y. N. of Hom-r. Pop. : Scott, co in the S. W. part of Va. Pop. 4,263. Slaves 258. Engaged in agriculture 1,237. Scott, co. Ken. Pop. 14,?!?. Slaves 4,620. En- i S I N grain. Hyderabad is the capital. It exports rice, butter, pot-ash, hides, salt-petre ; also horses, and camels. Sinde is divided into many princi- palities, subject chiefly to 3 Ameers or princes, who are Beloochees, and pay tribute 'to Cabul. The inhabitants are mostly Mahometans of the Soony sect. Sinde See Indus. Sinde, r. Hind, which falls into the Jumna,? m. below Calpie. Sindelfingen, t. Wirtemberg, 9 m. S. W. Stut- gard. Pop. 3,000. Sindkera, L Hind, in Khandeish, belonging to the Mahrattas. Lon. 74 40' E. Lat. 21 1 T N. Sindoury, t. Hind, in Gunwaneh, belonging to the Nagpore rajah. Lon. 82 40' E. Lat. 227' N. Sindscar. See Sinjar. Sinepuxent, a long and narrow bay on the S. E. coa^t of Maryland, separated by a number of isl- ands, from the Atlnntic. Smepuxent inlet is in lat. 38 10' 30" N. 1-2 m. E. SnowhUl. Sines, seaport, Portugal, in Alentejo, the birth- place of the navigator Vasco de Gama. 40 m. S. Setubal. Lon. 8 44' 4*5" W. Lat. 37 57' 30" N. Sineu, t. in the island of Majorca, 20 m. E. Pal- ma. Pop. 5,500. Sinew River, r N. America, which rises in the Rocky Mountains, between 55 and 56 N. lat. and falls into Peace river, alter a course of about 100 miles. Sing, or Sign, t. Austrian Dalmatia, 18 m. N. Spalatro. Singan, city, China, in Shan- si. It formed at one time the imperial residence, and is still very populous, and trades in mules, which are sent to Peking. Lon. 103 29' E. Lat. 35 14' N. Siagbhoom, t. Hind, in Orissa, and cap. of a dis- trict tributary to the Mahrattas. Lon. 85 55' E. Lat. 22 37' N. Singen, v. Baden, 17 m. W. N. W. Con- stance. Singcpooram, t. Hind, in Orissa, tributary to the Nagpore Mahrattas. Lon. 83 24' E. Lat. 19 35' N. Singhea, or Singee, t. Hind, in Bahar, on the E. bank of the Gunduck. Lon. 85 15' E. Lat. 25 52 1 N. Singfiericonda, t. India, in the Caruatic. Lon. 80PZE. Lat. 15"14'N. Singinging,i&L in the Eastern seas, near the E. coast of Nassau. Lon. 100 2' E. Lat. 3 50 S. Singleton's, p-v. Southampton co. Va. Singrowla, district, Hind, in Gundwaneh, situa- ted about 24 N. lat. and bounded E. by Bahar. It is tributary to the Nagpore Mahrattas. Sing-sing, v. in Mount Pleasant, N. Y. on the Hudson. The river is here 3 miles wide. Sing- sing has a good landing and some shipping, and is well situated for trade. Singumnere, t. Hind, in Aurungabad, cap. of a district belonging to the Mahrattas. Lon. 40 40' E. Lat. 19 46' N. .S'm/'n, r. Siberia, which falls fnto the Obi, 52 m. N. Beresof. Siuifffiglia, t. Ecclesiastical State, dutchy of Ur- bino, on the Misa, at its influx into the Adriatic. Pop. 6,200 17 m. S. E. Pesaro. Lon. 13 11' 45" E. Lat. 43 4 3' 16" N. Sinjar, insulated range of mountains in Diarbe- kir, A. Turkey, extending into Persia. They are occupied by the Yezcdi. Sinkel, t. on thn W. coast of Sumatra, on a riv- 91 S I R 721 er of the same name, which falls into the sea, 40 m. below. Lon. 98 2' E. Lat. 2 15' N. Sinking spring, or Middletovm, p-v. Highland co. Ohio, 38 m. S. W. Chillicothe. Smope, seaport on the N. coast of Asia Minor, anciently the capital of Pontus. Pop. 50,000. It has an excellent road, with docks for the Turk- ish imperial marine. Lon. 35 E. Lat. 41 6' N. Sinu, r. New Granada, which enters the Carib- bean sea, in lat. 9 29' N. Sinzheim, t. Baden. Pop. 2,200. 14 m. S. S. E. Heidelberg. Sinzig, t. Prussian province of the Lower Rhine, 14 m. S. S. E. Bonn. Sion, or Sitten, t. Switz. the chief place of the canton of the Valais, and the see of a bishop, on the Rhone. 60 m. E. Geneva, 50 S. by W. Bern. Lon. 7 21-' 45" E. Lat. 46 14' 15" N. Sion, t. and fort, Hind, on the island of Bom- bay, 9 m. from the city. Lon. 72 40' E. Lat. 19 7'N. Sioule, r. France, in Puy de Dome, which joins the Ailier, 2 m. N. St. Pourcain. Siout . See Siut. Sioux, Indians, the most powerful tribe in N. America. They consist of seven independent bands, each under its own chief: but they are united in a confederacy for the protection of their territories, and send deputies to a general council of chiefs and warr'ors, whenever the concerns of the nation require it. They inhabit with tri- fling exceptions all the country between the Mis- sissippi and .Missouri rivers, south of .N. lat. 46. Their country also includes large tracts south of the Missouri and east of the Mississippi. They are brave, spirited, and generous, with proud no- tions of their origin as a tribe, and their superior- ity as i unters and warriors, and with a predom- inant passion for war. Their number is stated by Pike at 21,675, of whom 3,800 were warriors. Siplianto, or Siphno, isl. in the Grecian Archi- pelago, W.of Paros, about 30 miles long, and 7 broad. It produces maize and wheat ; also mul- berries, olives, vines, figs, and cotton. Pop. 4,000, all Greeks. Si Porah, or Good Fortune Island, isl. of the Eastern seas, N. W. of the Poggy islands. Sipsey, r. Alabama, which runs S. W. and joins the Tombigbee, 40 m. N. of the mouth of Alaba- ma river. Sir, or Sirr. See Sihon. Sir Charles Hardy's Island, isl. in the S. Pacific. Lon. 154 6' E. Lat. 4 38' S. Sir Charles Hardy" 1 $ Islands, cluster of islands in the S. Pacific. Lon. 217 W. Lat. 11 55' S. Sir Charles Saunder's Island, or Tapooamanoo, isl. in the S. Pacific, 6 miles long. Lon. 15040' W. Lat. 17 28' S. Sir Ererard Home, Cape, cape on the W. side of Crocker's bay. Lon. 84 5' W. Lat. 74 28' N. Sir Henry Martin's Island, isl. in the Pacific, about 16 miles in circuit. Lon. 220 19' E. Lat. 851'S. Sir Isaac, Point, cape on the S. coast of New- Holland. Lon. 135 10' E. Lat. 34 27' S. Sir Joseph Bank's Group, a cluster ol islands in Spencer's gulf, on the S. coast of New Holland. Sir Roger Curtis Isles, isl. on the S. coast ot New Holland, 48 m. S. S. E. Huaheiue. Siradia. See Sieradz. Siraf, seaport, Laristan, in Persia, 30 m. S. W. Lar. Sirancape, r. Mosambique, in E. Africa, with a 722 S 1 W SKA town of the same name at its mouth. Lat. 13 4'S. Sire, province ofTigre, in Abyssinia, reaching from Axum to the Tacazze. Sire, the capital, is iu Ion. 38 0' 15" E. lat. 14 4' 35" N. Sirgian. See Kerman. Sirgoojah, t. Hind, in Gundwaneh, cap. of a dis- trict which pays tribute to the rajah of Nagpore. Lon. 83 50' E. Lat. 23 5' N. Sirhind, t. Hind, in Delhi, cap. of a district be- longing to the Seiks. Lon. 75 55' E. Lat. 30 40' N. Sirian, s-p. Pegu ,72m. S. Pegu, 116 E. Persaim. Lon. 965p'E. Lat. 16 54' N. Sinus, isl. in the S. Pacific, 18m. in circumfer- ence. Lon. 162 30' E. Lat. 10 52' S. Sirni?ig, t. Upper Austria, 4 m. W. Steyer, 15 S. Lintz. Sirus. See Seres. Sisal, port of Yucatan, in Mexico. Lon. 89 59' 30" W. Lat. 21 10' N. Sisibou, t. Nova Scotia, on the W. coast, 25 m. S. S. E. Annapolis. Sissach, t. Swiss canton of Bale, on the Ergelz, Pop. 1,600. It has a seminary for training school- masters on Pestalozzi's plan. 13 m. S. E. Bale. Sisseck, t. Austrian states, in Croatia, near the influx of the Kulpa into the Save, 38 m. E. Carl- stadt. Sissone, t. France, in Aisne, on the Souche. Pop. 1,100. 10m. E. Laon. Sissopoli, or Sizebolij (an. Appolonia?) t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, on a point of land which projects into the Black sea, with a good roadstead. The inhabitants are Greeks. 115 m. N. N. W. Constantinople. Lon. 27 44' E. Lat. 42 30' N. Sisleron, t. France, capital of an arrondisement iu Lower Alps, on the Durance. It is the see of a bishop. Pop. 4,000. 45 m. N. E. Aix. Sister Island, Eastern, Middle, and Western, 3 small islands in Lake Erie, near the mouth of Maumee bay, 18 m. S. E. by S. Amherstburg. The largest of them contains about 20 acres. Sistersville, p-v. Tyler co. Va. Siston, v. Eng. in Gloucestershire, on the Avon. 6 m. E. by N. Bristol. Sitova, Szistow, or Schistab, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria, on the right bank of the Danube, with a citadel. Pop. 20,000. Its trade consists in leather and cotton. 25 m. E. Nicopoli. Lon. 24 44' E. Lat. 43 45' N. Siszko, t. Prussian Poland, on the Wartha, 26 m. N. N. W. Posen. Pop. 1,700. Silala, r. Mexico, which runs into the Pacific. Lon. 101 40' W. Lat. 17 38' N. Silang, r. Pegu, which falls into the gulf of Mar- taban. Sittard, t. Netherlands, in Limburg, on the small river Gheete. Pop. 3,300. 12 m. N. N. E. Maestricht. Sitlingbourne, t. Eng. in Kent. Pop. 1,362. 11 m. S. E. Rochester, 40 E. by S. London. Siltivica, t. Ceylon, on a branch of the Malivad- dy river. Lon. 80 Itf E. Lat. 7 2' N. Silsendorf, t. Austria, 33 m. N. N. W. Vienna. Pop. 1,400. Sivana Samudra, isl. in the river Cavery, be- longing to Coinibetoor, in India. It contains an extraordinary cataract, 150 feet perpendicular; al- so the remains of many Hindoo temples. Sin-as, (an. Pontus,} pachal c, A. Turkey, in Natolia, bounded N. by the Black sea, E. by Tre- bisond and Erzerum, S. by Diarbekir, Merasch and Konieh, and W by Anatolia. Sitcas, or Sivas, city of Asia Minor, cap. of the above pachalic,is on the Kizil Irmak. Lon. 37 E. Lat. 38 55' N. 6'irry, t. Netherlands, in Hainault. Pop. 2,200. 18m. S. S. W. Charleroi. Siut, (an. Lycopolis,} t. Upper Egypt, on the W. bank of the Nile. The inhabitants consist chiefly of Copts, who manufacture blue cloth. Siut is also the rendezvous of the caravans which proceed from Egypt southwards into the interior of Africa, to Sennaar and Darfur; from which countries they bring a considerable quantity of slaves and gold. It is the see of a Coptic bishop. In a mountain above Siut are remarkable excava- tions, covered with hieroglyphics. Lon. 31 13' 20" E. Lat. 27 10' 14" N. Siwah, or Siouah, oasis, in the Lybian desert, on the route from Egypt to Fezzan. 6 miles long and 4 broad, remarkable as occupying probably the site of the temple of Jupiter Ammon. Here are remains of a wall, about 300 yards in circumfer- ence, in the centre of which are found the ruins of what appears to have been the principal edi- fice. It is about 27 feet in height, 24 in width, and 10 or 12 paces in length. The walls are six feet thick, constructed of very large blocks of stone, cemented with small stones and lime. The interior is decorated with hieroglyphics. Lon. 26* 35' E. Lat. 29 10 N. Six Nations, a confederacy of Indian nations, so called by the British and Americans. The French call them Iroquois. Formerly they were called the Five Nations, five only being joined in that alliance. These six nations are the Mohawks. Oneidas, Onondagas, Senecas, Cayugas, and Tus- caroras. The latter joined the confederacy near- ly 100 years ago. The whole number of the Six Nations is about 5,000. Their villages are prin- cipally in the Western parts of New York. The Mohawks reside on Grand river in Upper Canada. The Cayugas also are principally within the British line. Sixfours, t. France, in Var. Pop. 2,500. 9 m. S. W. Toulon. Lon. 5 50' 32" E. Lat. 43 6 10" N. Sizun, t. France, in Finisterre. Pop. 2,900. m. S. E. Landerneau. Skagen, or Scagen, t. Denmark, in Jutland, on the Cattegat. Pop. 900. 18 m. N. Fladstrand. Lon. 10 33' E. Lat. 57 46' N. Skagen, cape on the N. coast of North Jutland. in Ion. 10 31' E. lat. 57 46' N. From this cape the sand bank called Skagen-rack, extends to great distance into the sea, on which is a light- house. Skalholl, or Reinkinrik, t. Iceland, in the neigh- borhood of the Geysers. Lon. 16 W. Lat. 64 N. Skalitz, or Skakolcza,\. Hungary, on a branch of the Morava, 48 m. N. Presburg. Pop. 5,700. Lon. 17 1 1' 45" E. Lat. 48 50> 25" N. Ska/wr, seaport, Sweden, in Scania, 20m. S. S. E. Lund. Lon. 12 50' 30" E. Lat. 55 24' 52" N. Skara, or Scara, t. Sweden, in West Gothland, near the lake of Wener. It is the see of a bishop; has a college, with a botanical garden, an hospi- tal, a medical school, and a large cathedral. 77 m. N. E. Gottenburg. Lon. 15 30' E. Lat. 58* 24' N. S K U Skaraborg, province, Sweden, which comprises the upper part of the old province of West Goth- land between lakes Weriner and Wetter. Sq. miles, 3,190. Pop. 135,695. Skaicina, t. Austrian Poland, on the Skawa, which falls into the Vistula. 31 in. S, W. Cra- cow. Skeen, or Skien,t. Norway, in Christiania. Pop. 1 ,800. It has productive mines of iron and copper. 38 m. S. S. W. Christiania. Skdligs, 2 small islands on the S. W. coast of Ireland, 6 m. S. W. Bolus Head. Lon. 10 23' W. Lat. 5142'N. Skellon, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 4 m. N. E. Gains- borough. Skene, bay on the S. shore of Melville island. Skeneateles, lake, principally in Onondaga co.N. Y. about 15 miles long and l wide. It discharges its waters through an outlet 10 miles long into Seneca river. Skeneateles, p-v. in Marcellus, Onondaga co. N. Y. at the outlet of Skeneateles lake, 7 m. E. Au- burn, 163 W. Albany. It contains about 100 hous- es, and a handsome Presbyterian church, and is a flourishing place. Skenesborough. See JVhildta.ll. Skenfrtlh Castle, fort, Eng. in Monmouth, on the Monnow, 3 m. from Newcastle. Sketiinge, t. Sweden, in East Gothland, on the Skena, 20 m. W. by S. Soderkoping. Skerries, or Skerry Isles, 3 small islands of Shet- land, 20 m. from the Mainland. Skerlon,t. Eng. in Lancashire. Pop. 1,254. Skiathi, isl. of the Grecian archipelago, oppo- site to Magnesia, near the entrance of the gulf of Volo, 30 miles in circuit. Skibereen, t. Ireland, in Cork, on the lien, 34 m. S. W. Cork. Skiddaw, mt. Eng. in Cumberland, 3,022 feet above the level of the sea. 6 m. from Cocker- mouth. Skielskior, or Skietfiskor, t. Denmark, in the isl- and of Zealand, on the great Belt, with a capa- cious harbor. 62m. W. S.W. Copenhagen. Lon. 1120'E. Lat. 55 17' N. Skien. See Skeen. Skillo, or Damala, cape, Greece, on the E. coast of the Morea. Lon. 23 36' E. Lat. 37 26' N. Skinnersville, p-v. Washington co. N. C. Skinosa, isl. in the Grecian . archipelago, 12 miles in circumference, 5 m. S. from Naxia. Lon. 2532'E. Lat. 36 55' N. Skioe, t. Denmark, in Jutland, 15 m. N.W. Wi- borg. Skipness, Point, cape, Scotland, on the E. coast of Kintyre. Lon. 5 24' W. Lat. 55 49' N. Skippak, t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop. 1,146. Skiplon, t. Eng. in Yorkshire. Pop. 2,868. 44 m. W. York, 220 N. by W. London. Lon. 2 0' W. Lat. 53 57' N. Sklavo-Chori, (an. Amyclal) t. of the Morea, in Greece, on the Eurotas. It is the see of a Greek bishop. Skleno, or Glaserhay, v. Hungary, 90 m. N. E. Presburg. Skopelos, isl. of the Grecian archipelago, on the coast of Magnesia. 30 miles in circumference. Pop. 12,000. Skopelos, the capital, is the see of a bishop. Pop. 5,000. Skolschau, t. Moravia, on the Vistula. Pop. 1 ,500. 50 m. W. S. W. Cracow. Skuppernong, r. N. C. connected by a canal with the lake in Dismal Swamp. S L I 723 Skutlock Hills, in Hancock co. Maine, N. N. E. of Goldsborough harbour. They are 5 in number, appear round at a distance, and serve as land- mark? in sailing into the harbour. Skwira, t. Russia, in Kiew. Lon. 29 39' E. Lat. 49 44' N. Skutsch, t. Bohemia. Pop. 2,500. 70 m. E. bv S. Prague. Skye, one of the Hebrides, on the coast of Scot- land, in Inverness, separated from the mainland of Scotland by a channel 3 leagues broad. It lies be- tween 57 and 57 38' N. lat. and between 5 33' and 6 40' W. Ion. ; is 54 miles long, and on an average 13 broad, contaming 342,400 acres, of which about 30,000 are arable. The surface rs mountainous, and the island is deeply indented by bays. Pop. 18,000. Skyro, Skyras, or Schkiri, isl. of the Grecian archipelago. 60 miles in circumference. Pop. 2,000. Lon. 24 33' E. Lat. 38 52' N. Slabtoiun, v. Burlington co. N. J. 4 miles from Burlington. Slagelse, t. Denmark, in the island of Zealand. Pop. 1,800. 50m. W. S. W. Copenhagen. Lon. 1122'45 / 'E. Lat. 55 27' N. Slaithwaite, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 5i m. W.S.W. Huddersfield. Pop. 2,277. Slane, t. Ireland, in Meath, on the left bank of the Boyne. 3 m. W. Drogheda. Slate-iron-works, p-v. Bath co. Ken. Slave Coast. See Guinea. Slave Lake, N. America, lying between lat. 60 30' and 63 N. and between Ion. 1 10 and 119 W. It is 270 miles long and 1,000 in circumference. It receives the waters of Athapescow lake from the south through Slave river, and discharges it- self at its N.W. extremity through M'Kenzie's river into the Frozen ocean. Slave river, r. N. America, which forms the out- let of Athapescow lake, and running N. falls into Slave lake. Slaughter creek, r. Md. on the Eastern shore of the Chesapeake. Sleaford, New, t. Eng. in Lincoln, on the Slea, which joins the Witham. Pop. 1,781. 16 m. S. of Lincoln, 1 16 N. London. Lon. 13' W. Lat. 531'N. Sledge Island, isl. in the N. Pacific. Lou. 193 57' E. Lat. 64 30' N. Sleswick, or Schlesswig, dutchy of the Danish do- minions, which has Jutland to the N. and Holstein to the S. while on the E. and W. it is bounded by the sea ; about 72 miles long, and from 30 to 56 broad. Area, 3,600 square miles. Pop. 340,000. The inhabitants are of mixed descent, particularly of Danish, Saxon, and Friesland origin. Sleswick, the capital of the dutchy of the same name, is on the Sley, which falls into the Baltic. Pop. 7,000. Here are manufactures of refined su- gar, earthenware, leather, and sail-cloth. Its com- merce has been considerably improved since ren- dering the Sley navigable by the aid of a canal. 8 m. N. Kiel, 126 S. W. Copenhagen. Lon. 935'E Lat. 54 32' N. Sligo, county of Ireland, in Connaught, bounded E. by Leitrim, S. by Roscommon, S. W. and W. by Mayo, and N. by the bay of Donegal. It con- tains 397,060 acres, or 620 sq. miles. Pop 60,000. Sligo, seaport, Ireland, and cap. of the county of the same name, at the mouth of the river which flows from Lough Gilly to Sligo bay. Vessels of 200 tons come up to the quays. Pop. 8,000. 105 724 S M I m. N.W. Dublin, 66 N. N. E. Galway. Lon. 8* 20' W. Lat. 54 16 N. Slippery roc k, r. Pa.which runs into Beaver creek. Slippery roc/.-, t. Butler co. Pa. Pop. 865. Slippery rock, t. Mercer co. Pa. Pop. 1,('J7. Sloancsville. p-v. Scholmric on. N. Y. Slobodxkoi, t. Russia, in Viatkn, on the Viatka. Pop. 4,700. 20 m. N. E. Viatka. Lon. 50 44' E. Lat. 58 40' N. Slobodsk-Ukraine. See Charkor. Slokum's Island^ one of the Elizabeth Islands, Mass. 5 miles in circuit. Slonim, t. Russian Lithuania, in Grodno. Pop. 4,500. 44 m. S. S. W. Novogrodek. Lon. 25 19' E. Lat. 52 50' N. Slough, v. Eng. in Buckinghamshire. 21 m. W. London. Sluck,t. Russian Lithuania, in Minsk. 52 m. S. Minsk. Lon. 27 50' E. Lat 52 20' N. Sluys, or Ecluse, t. Netherlands, on an arm of the sea. Pop. 1.200. 10 m. N. Bruges, 20 N. E. Ostend. Lon. 3 23 9" E. Lat. 51 18' 35" N. Smaland, province, Sweden, new forming the governments of Jonkioping and Cronoberg, also part of that of Calmar. Extent 7,750 sq. miles. Pop. 315,000. Smalcalden, district, Germany, belonging to Hesse-Cassel, and adjacent to Saxe-Gotha and Saxe-Meinungen. Extent 115 sq. miles. Pop. 22,000, almost all Lutherans. Smalcalden, the chief town of the above dis- trict, is situated on a river of the same name, not far from Werra. Pop. 4,700. Near it are mines of iron, and several salt-works. The Protestant princes formed here, in 1531, the famous league to defend the liberties of the empire against the en- croachments of Charles V. and sanctioned the con- fession of faith drawn up by Luther. 56 m. S. W. Cassel, 9 N. Meinungen. Smalls, The, rocks in the Irish sea, on which a light-house is erected. 15 m. S. W. St. David's Head. Lon. 5 33' W. Lat. 51 44' N. Smarden, v. Eng. in Kent, on the Medway, 8 m. N. E. Carnbrook, 56 S. E. by E. London. Smerwick, v. Ireland, in Kerry, which gives name to a place called Smerwick harbour. Lon. 10 16' W. Lat. 52 11' N. Smethport, p-t and cap. McKean co. Pa. 45 in. E. Warren. Smith, t. Washington co. Pa. Pop. 1,848. Smith, co. West Tennessee, on Cumberland riv- er. Pop. 17,580. Slaves 3,554. Engaged in ag- riculture 3,745, in commerce 25, in manufactures 201. Chief town, Carthage. Smith, t. Belmont co. Ohio, 8 m. S. St. Clairs- ville. Pop. 1,030. Smithfield^-t. Providence co. R. I. on Pawtuck- et river^ 9 m. N. W. Providence. Pop. 4,678. It contains 4 churches, 2 of which belong to the Qua- kers, and 3 academies. Lime of an excellent qual- ity is made here in abundance, and exported to the Southern States. Here are also 9 cotton fac- tories, containing together 11,000 spindles ; a gun factory and several other factories. Smithfield, p-t. Madison co. N. Y. 29 m. W. S. W. Utica. Pop. 3,338. It contains the village of Peterborough. Smithfield, t. Lycoming co. Pa. Pop. in 1810, 1,084. Smith field, p-t. Fayette co. Pa. on the E. side of the Yioughhiogeny, over which is a good bridge. 32 m. from Brownsville. Smith field, p-t. Bradford co. Pa. Pop. f>f?5. S M Y Smith field, Lower, t. Northamptonco. Pa. Pop. 961. Smithfield, t. Somerset co. Pa. Pop. 106. SmiJhfiftd. Middle, t.and cap. Pikeco. Pa. Pop. 812. Smith field, Upper, t. Pike co. Pa. Pop. 877. Smith field, p-t. Isle of Wight co. Va. on Pagan creek which empties. into James river, and is nav- igable for vessels of 20 tons. 30m. W. N. W. Nor- folk, H5 S. E. Richmond. Smithfield* p-t. and cap. Johnson co. N. G. in a beautiful plain, on the E. side of the Neuse. It contains a court-house and jail, and is a place of some trade. Near the centre of the town is an In- dian burying place, originally 16 feet high and 30 in diameter. 25 m. S. E. Raleigh, 100 N.W.New- bern. Smith field, t. Guernsey c-o. Ohio, 15 m. E. Cam- bridge. Smithfield, p-t. Jefferson co. Ohio, 12 m. S. W. Steubenville. Pop in 1815,500. Here is a bank. Smithland, p-t. Livingston co. Ken. on the Ohio. 3 m. below the mouth of Cumberland river. Smith's Inlet, bay on the N.W. coast of Ameri- ca. Lon. 232 12' E. Lat. 51 20' N. Smith's Island, small isl. in the Atlantic, off the Eastern shore of Virginia. It is 2 miles from the main land, with a channel of 2 or 3 fathoms depth between. Smith's Island, small isl. off the coast of N. C. at the mouth of Cape Fear river. Smiles borough, p-v. Tioga co. N. Y. Smith's ferry, p-v. Ohio co. Ken. Smith's point, the S. cape at the mouth of Poto- mac river. Smith's river, r. N. H. which runs into the Pe- migewasset in New-Chester. Smith's river. See Staunton river, Va. Smith's store, p-v. Spartanburg district, S. C. Smilhtown, p-t. Suffolk co. Long-Island, N. Y. It is situated on the Sound, 53 rn. E. New- York. It has some shipping, employed chiefly in trading with New-York. Pop. 1,907. Smithlown, t. Howard co. Missouri. Smithvilte, t. Chenango co. N. Y. 13 m. S. W. Norwich. Pop. 1,553. Smithville, p-t. Brunswick co. N. C. neai* the mouth of Cape Fear river, 30 m. below Wilming- ton. It has a convenient harbour with a good depth of water. Here is an academy. Smoaky Cape, cape on the E. coast of New-Hol- land. Lon. 153" 4' E. Lat. 30 55' S. Smockville, p-v. Jefferson co. Indiana. Smoky mountains, an elevated ridge, N.W. Ter- ritory, 40 m. S. of the portage between Fox and Ouisconsin rivers. SmoUnsko, government of Russia. Extent 21, 400 sq. miles. Pop. 1,050,000, mostly Russians. Smolensko, t. Eu. Russia, cap. of the above gov- ernment, on the Dnieper, here a navigable stream. The part to the S. of the river is surrounded with a wall 30 feet in height, 15 thick, and a mile and three quarters in circuit. An obst inate conflict took place here on the 16th and 17th August 1812, be- tween the Rusnians and the French, in which the Russians were compelled to fall back. Pop. 12,600. It has an active trade in corn and hemp ; also wood, honey, wax, and furs. 235 m. W. S W. Moscow, 350 S. by E. St. Petersburg. Lon. 31 56' 36" E. Lat. 5 4" 50' N. Smyrna, city of Asia Minor, and the emporium of the Levant, is situated at the head of a gulf of the Grecian archipelago. It is built in the form S O A of an amphitheatre around a small bay, and is de- fended by 3 castles. The streets are narrow, dirty, and ill paved The chief inconvenience m the sit- uation of Smyrna is its being liable to earthquakes and to the plague. In 1814 the number oi vic- tims to the plague was estimated at from 50,000 to 60,000. Pop. usually reckoned at 100,000, of -whom Mr. Turner supposes the Turks to amount to between 50,000 and 60,000, the Greeks to 30 000, the Armenians to 8,000, and the Franks or Europeans to 2,000 or 3,000. The export trade of Smyrna consists chiefly of raw silk, Turkey carpets, unwrought cotton, and the beautiful goats hair or mohair of Angora, also raisins, mus- cadine wine and a variety of drugs. The im- ports are chiefly woollen cloths, lead, tin, glass, and wrought silks. Lon 27 4' 45" E. Lat. 38 29' N. Smyrna, p-t. Chenango co. N. Y. 10 m. N. Nor- wich, 105 W. Albany. Pop. 1,390. Smyrna, formerly Duck rre.tk\ or Salisbury, p-t. Kent co. Del. on Duck creek, 10 miles above its mouth, and 12 N. W. Dover. It contains a bank and an academy. Smythsborough, p-v. Somerset co. Pa. Snaifh, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, on the S. bank of the Aire. Pop. 5,095. 22 m. S. by E. York, 174 N. by W. London. Snares", cluster of 7 islands in the S. Pacific, the largest of which is Knight's island, about 9 miles in circuit. Lon. 166 20' E. Lat. 48 3' S. Snead^s tavern, p-v. Fluvannaco. Va. Sneeck, or Snits, t. Netherlands, in Friesland. Pop. 5,000. 13 m. S. Leeuwarden. Sneedsborough, p-v. Richmond co. S. C. Sncthutla, the highest mountain of Norway, in the Doffreueld chain, about lat. 62 18' N. 8,000 feet high. Sncltisham, Port, harbour on the N. W. coast of America, in Stephens' Passage. Lon. 226 22' E. Lat. 57 53' N. Sneuu-berg, or Snow Mountain, an extensive range, stretching through the district of Graaf Reynet, in the Cape of Good Hope. It is also the name of one of the divisions into which this district is divided. Sn abar, t. Cooper co. Missouri. Sniutyn, t. Austrian Galicia, near the Pruth. Pop 4,000. 120 m. S. E. of Lemberg. Lon. 22 48' E. Lat. 48 39' N. Snicker' ferry, p-v. Frederick co. Va. Snicker's gap, p-v. Loudon co. Va. Snowdon Mountain, mt. Wales, in Caernarvon, the highest mountain of Wales, 3,571 feet above the level of the sea. Snow/till, p-t. and cap. Worcester co. Md. at the head waters of the Pokomoke, 20 m. E. Prin- cess Ann. The public buildings are a court-house and jail, a bank, an academy, and 3 churches, 1 each for Presbyterians, Methodists, and Epi?co- paliaus. It is a place of considerable trade. Amount of shipping in 1816, 7,364 tons. Here is a large steam factory which is in, successful opera- tion. Snowhill, p-v. Greene co. N. C. Snvg Corner Core, bay on the N. W. coast of America, in Prince William Sound. Lon. 213 48' E. Lat. 60 45' N. Snyle, r. Eng. which runs into the Dean at Shilton. Soaghun, t. Hind, in Malwah, belonging to the Mahrattas. Lon. 74 50' E. Lat. 23" 12 7 N. Scant, r. Hind, which rises in Gundwaneh, runs N. and then E. and joins the Ganges 29 miles S O F 725 above the city of Patna, after a course of about 500 miles. Soangur, t. Hind, in Gajerat, on the S. bank of the Taptee. Lon. 73 33' . Lat. 21 10' N. Soar, or Sour, (an. Leire,) r. Eng. which runs into the Trent 3 m. N. N. E. Kegworth. Soave, t. Austrian Italy, 10 m. E. Verona. Society hill, p-v. Darlington district, S. C. Society Islands, cluster of islands in the S. Pa- cific. They are Ulietea, Otaha, Bolabola, Hua- heine, Tubai, and Maurua ; the two last are very small. They are situated between lat. 16 lO' and 16 55' S. and between Ion. 150 57' and 152 W. The inhabitants, climate, and produce, are similar, in many respects, to those of Otaheite, from which island they are not above 50 leagues distant towards the N. W. For an account ol the abolition of idolatry and introduction of Christian- ity in these islands, see Otaheite. Society land, t. Hillsborough co. N. II. 22 m. S. W. Concord. Pop. 153. Sockna, t. Fezzan, in Africa. Pop. 2,000. Soconey, p-v. Pendleton district, S. C. Socomtsco, province of Guatimala, bounded N. by Vera Paz, Chiapa, Guaxaca, and Honduras, S. by the Pacific, E. by Nicaragua, and W. by Guaxaca and the Pacific ocean. Soconusco, the capital, is on a river which runs into the Pacific ocean, Ion. 120 40 W. lat. 18 30' N. 460 m. S. E. Mexico. Socorro, one of the Revillagigedo islands, in the N. Pacific, about 20 miles broad. Lon. 110 9' W. Lat. 18<48'N. Socorro, t. New Granada, in Santa Fe, on the Suarez. Pop. 3,500. 123 m. N. N. E. Santa Fe. Socosta, isl. near the W. coast of Africa. Lat. 29 45 'S. Socotara, island of the Indian ocean, about 40 leagues to the E. of Cape Guardafui. It is 27 leagues long, and 7 broad. The chief commodity for which the island is resorted to, is aloes. Lon. 5333'E. Lat. 1239'N. Soderah, t. Hind, in Lahore, on the E. side of' the Chinaub. Lon. 73 30' E. Lat. 32 27' N. Soderfors, t. Sweden, in Upsal, with a forge for anchors. Soderham, t. Sweden, on the gulf of Bothnia. Pop. 2,000. 20m. N Gefle. Lon. 17" 0' 30" E. Lat. 61 17' 47" N. Sodcrtelge, t. Sweden, 16 m. W. S. W. Stock- holm. Pop. 1,000. Lon. 17 39' E, Lat. 59 12'30''N. Sodus, bay, N. Y. in Lake Ontario. It is the best harbor on the S. shore of the lake. It is 6 or 7 miles long, and from 2 to 4 wide, and of suffi- cient depth for vessels of great burden. The en- trance is | of a mile wide, and at present is ob- structed by a bar with only 7 feet water. It is calculated however that the bar can be removed with a small expense. Little Sodus bay is 12 m. E. of this bay. Sodus, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y. on Lake Ontario, 25 m. N. E. Canandaigua. Pop. 2,013. It con- tains 2 churches, 1 for Presbyterians and 1 for Baptists. Socst, t. Prussian Westphalia, 33 ra. S. E. Muns- ter. It was formerly a Hanse town. Pop. 5,400. Lon. 8 5' 20" E. Lat. 51 34' 51" N. Sofala, country of E. Africa, at the mouth of a considerable river of the same namo. It extends from lat. 19 to 23' 48' S. It was once a place of great commercial importance, but since Mosam- bique became the capital of the Portuguese set- tlements, it has declined. According to many 72G SOL learned inquirers, Sofala is the Ophir of Solomon, whither the fleets of that monarch made regular voyages in search of gold. Sofia, or Sophia, city, Eu. Turkey, cap. of Bul- garia, on the Bogana. Pop. 50,000. It carries on an extensive trade, which is for the most part in the hands of Greeks and Armenians. It is the see of a Greek metropolitan and of a catholic bishop. 280 m. VV. N. W. Constantinople, 160 W. N. W. Adrianople. Lon. 23 3 14' E. Lat. 42" 56' N. SogamosOi t. New Granada, 28 in. N. E. Tunja. Sogd, r. Asia, which rises 100 m. N. E. Samar- cand, and loses itself in a lake, 30 m. S. W. Buk- hara. Sohajcpore, t. Hind, in Gundwaneh, cap. of a district. Lon. 81 45' E. Lat. 23 29' N. Soham, or Monk's Soham, t. Eng. in Cambridge, on the E. side of the Cam. Pop. 2,386. 5 m. S.E. Ely, 7 N. Newmarket. Sohar, city of Ommon, in Arabia. Lat. 24 17 N. Sohaul, t. Hind, in Allahabad, subject to the British. Lon. 80 52' E. Lat. 24" 40' N. Sohl, or Zolyotn I^armegye, palatinate of Hunga- ry, lying on both sides of the Gran. Extent 1,060 sq. miles. Pop. above 76,000. Chief town, Neu Sohl. Sohl. See dttsohl and Jfeusohl. Sohnpoor, t. Hind, in Gundwaneh, on the S. side of theMahanuddy. Lon. 83 45' E. Lat. 20 47' N. Soignies, t. Netherlands, in Hainault, on the Senne". Pop. 4,700. 7 m. N. E. Mons, 25 S. W. Brussels. Soissons, t. France, in Aisne, on the Aisne. Pop. 7,500. The trade consists chiefly in corn, and its manufactures are of coarse linen, stockings, thread, leather, and ropes. 65 m. S. E. Amiens, 70 N. E. Paris. Lon. 3 19' 37" E. Lat. 49 22' 52" N. Sokolka, t. Russian Lithuania, 21 m. N. N. E. Bialystok. Pop. 1,100. Solan, country of Central Africa, on the N. bank of the Niger, between Tombuctoo andCassina. Solander's Island, isl. near the S. coast of New Zealand. LOD. 192 49' W. Lat. 463l'S. Solano, t. Spain, in La Mancha, on the Azuer. Pop. 1,300. 103 m. S. by E. Madrid. Solat. See Lerkopol. Soldau, t. East Prussia, on a river of the same name, 100 m. S. by W. Konigsberg. Pop. 1,700. Lon. 20 11' E. Lat. 53 13' N. Soldier's River, r. Missouri ter. which flows into the Missouri, 689 m. from the Mississippi. It is about 40 yards wide at its mouth. Soldin, t. Prussian States, formerly cap. of the New Mark of Brandenburg. Pop. 3,200. 70 m. E. N. E.Berlin. Solebury, t. Berks co. Pa. on the Delaware, op- posite Amwell, N. J. Pop. in 1810, 1,669. Solec, t. Poland, on the Vistula, 35 m. N. Sen- domir. Pop. 1,300. Solesmes, t. France, in North. Pop. 3,200. 9 m. E. N. E. Cam bray. Soleure, canton of Switzerland, lying chiefly be- tween the river Aar and the Jura mountains. Ex- tent 275 sq. miles. Pop. 50,000. In religion this canton is Catholic. Soleure, or Solothurn, t. Switz. cap. of the above canton, stands on the Aar, which divides it into two parts. It is fortified with walls and bastions. Pop. 4,200. 18 m. N. by E. Bern, 26 S. Bale. Solfarino, t. Austrian Italy, 17 m. N. W. Man- tua. Pop. 1,500. Solfatara, or Logo di Bagni, (an. Lacus Albu- S O M lus) lake, Italy, in the Campagna di Roma, near Tivoli. From the lake issues a whitish stream, which emits a sulphureous vapour. The water of this rivulet has a petrifying quality. Solfatara, mt Naples, in the Terra di Lavoro, furnishing sulphur. Solgalisknja, t. Eu. Russia, in Kostroma. Pop. 2,300. 103'm. N. N. VV. Macariev. Solianoi, fort, A. Turkey, in Kolivan, on the Ir- tysch. Lon. 75 14'E. Lat. 54 20' N. Solikamsk, t. Eu. Russia, in Perm. Pop. 3,800. 130 m. N. Perm. Soliman, seaport, on the S. E. coast of the bay of Tunis. 20 m. E. S. E. Tunis. Solimana, district, Africa, on the sources both of the Gambia and Senegal. It has Jallonkadoo on the N. and Foota Jallo on the W. and S. Solingen, t. Prussian Westphalia, on the Wip- per. Pop. 4,100. 16 m. E. S. E. Dusseldorf, 20 E. N. E. Cologne. Solitaire Island, isl. in the S. Pacific. 25 m. S. Kerguelen's Land. Lon. 68 6' E. Lat. 49 49' S. Solitary Island, isl. in the S. Pacific. Lon. 178 20' W. Lat. 10 4' S. Sollies le Pont, t. France, in Var. Pop. 2,800. 9 m. N. E. Toulon. Solms, district of Germany, in Wetteravia. subject in part to Hesse-Darmstadt, in part to Prussia. Pop. 36,000. Solopra, t. Naples, in the Principatro Ultra. Pop. 6,100. Solola, province of Guatimala, mostly inhabit- ed by Indians, is bounded N. by Quesaitenango and Totanicapan, S. by the sea, W. by Suchitepeque, and E. by the valley of Guatimala. The capital -of the same name, contains, according to Alcedo, 4,700 Indians. Solombo, isl. in the Eastern seas. Lon. 1 14 45' E. Lat. 5 36' S. Solomon's Islands, or Arsacides, group in the S. Pacific, between Lon. 155 and 160 E. Lat. 5 and 12' S. The largest are Ysabel, Guadalcanar, San Cristoval and New Georgia. Solomonslown, Indian village, Ohio, on the Mi- ami, 17 m. S. Fort Me Arthur. Solon, p-t. Somerset co. Maine, on the E. bank ofKennebeck river, 18 m. N. Norridgewock, 44 W. by N. Hallowell. Pop. 468. Solon, p-t. Courtlandco. N. Y. 10 m. E. Homer, 132 W. Albany. Pop. 1,262. Solor, isl. 70 miles in circumference, separated from the E. coast of the island of Flores, by the straits of Flores. Lon. 123 17' E. Lat. 8 33' S. Solovetskoi, isl. in the White sea, belonging to Archangel, in Eu. Russia. Lon. 30 14' E. Lat. 64 55' N. Solre le Chateau, t. French Flanders. Pop. 1,600. 7 m. S. E. Maubeuge. Solsona, or Salsona, t. Spain, in Catalonia. It is a bishop's see. Pop. 3,000. 51m. N. N. W. Barcelona. Soliray Frith, or Dooness Wath, a navigable arm of the sea, which extends eastward from the Irish sea, forming the boundary between England and Scotland for upwards of 50 miles. It is navi- gable for vessels of 100 tons burden within six miles of its extremity. Solymania, t. Kurdistan, the residence of the pacha. Pop. 6,000. 54 m. E. Kerkook. Somalpel, t. Hind, in Berar. Lon. 78 E. Lat. 19 49' N. Somaulips, or Samaulies, people of Africa, in- habiting the territory that extends W. from Cape S O M Guardafui, opposite the S. coast of Arabia. The country is productive in gums, myrrh, and frank- incense. The principal place is Berbera. Sombrerete, t. Mexico, in Zacatecas, 80 m. N. / W. Zacatecas. Sombrero, r. Benin, W. Africa, which falls into the sea, in Lon. 552^E. Lat. 4 40' N. Sombrero, isl. in the West Indies, about 3 miles long. Lon. 63 28' 30 V W. Lat. 18 37' 40" N. Sombrero, r. Buenos Ay res, which enters the Plata near Corrientes. Someren, t. Netherlands, in North Brabant. Pop. 2,500. 12 m. E. S. E. Eindhoven. Somerhill, t. Cambria co. Pa. Pop. 517. Somers, p-t. Tolland co. Ct. 22 m. N. E. Hart- ford, 12 S. E. Springfield. Pop. 1,306. Somers, p-t. Westchester co. N. Y. 50 m. N. E. New- York. Pop. 1,841. It contains a pleasant village, which is the principal cattle market for the city of New-York. Somers, t. Preble co. Ohio. Somers Islands. See Bermudas. Somerset, maritime county Eng. bounded N. W. by the Bristol channel N. by Gloucestershire and Bristol ; E. and S. E. by Wiltshire and Dorset- shire ; and S. and W. by Devonshire. Extent, 1,549 sq. miles, or 990,000 acres. Pop. 303,180. Families employed in agriculture 27,472. In trade and manufactures 23,732. Other families 11,739. Somerset, t Buckingham co. Lower Canada, 40 m. S. by W. Quebec. Somerset, co. Maine, on both sides of the Penob- scot, bounded E. by Penobscot co. S. by Kenne- beck co. and W. by Oxford co. Pop. 21,787. En- gaged in agriculture 5,907, in commerce 16, in manufactures 478. Chief town, Norridgewock. Somerset, t. Windham co. Vt. 42 m. S. W. Windsor. Pop. 173. Somerset, p-t. Bristol co. Mass, on Taunton riv- er, 13m. S. Taunton, 42 S. Boston. Pop. 1, 116. Somerset, co. N. J. on Raritan river, bounded N. by Morris co. E. by Essex and Middlesex cos. S. by Middlesex co. and W. by Hunterdon co. Pop. 16,506. Engaged in agriculture 536, in com- merce 44, in manufactures 841. Chief town, Boundbrook. Somerset, co. in the S. part of Pa. Pop. 13,974. Engaged in agriculture 2,692, in commerce 36, in manufactures 545. Somerset, p-t. borough, and cap. Somerset co. Pa. 35m. W.Bedford, 60 S. E. Pittsburg. Pop. 2,396. Somerset, t. Washington co. Pa. Pop. 1,540. Somerset, co. Md. bounded N. by Delaware, E. by Worcester co. S. and W. by the waters of Chesapeake bay, and N. W. by Dorchester co. Pop. 19,579. Slaves 7,241. Engaged in agricul- ture 4,231, in commerce 415, in manufactures 499. Chief town, Princess Ann. Somerset, p-t. and cap. Pulaski co. Ken. 12 m. S. S. E. Stanford. Here is a bank. Somerset, p-t. and cap. Perry co. Ohio, 18 m. S. \V. Zanesville. Pop. 344. Somerset, t. Belmont co. Ohio. Pop. 863. Somerset, t. Jefferson co. Ohio. Sowtrsworl/i, t. Strafford co. N. H. on the Pis- cataqua, over which is abridge. Here are an ex- tensive woollen factory, and saw, grist, oil, and fulling mills. 1 1 m. N. Portsmouth, 45 from Con- cord. Pop. 841. Somerlon, t. and borough Eng. in Somerset, on a branch of the Parret. Pop. 1,478. 13 m. S. by -S O N 727 W. of Wells, 123 W. by S. London. Lon. 2 42' W. Lat. 51 4' N. Soifierville, p-v. Somerset co. N. J. Somerville, p-v. Faquier co. Va. Somerville, t. and cap. Clarke co. Alabama. Somerville, isl. in the Polar sea. Lon. 96 25' W. Lat. 74 4 1' N. Somma, t. Austrian Italy, in the Milanese, 25 m. N.W.Milan. Somma, t. Italy. Pop. 6,800. 12 m. E. Na- ples. Sommariva del Bosco, t. Piedmont. Pop. 5,100. 5 m. S. E. Carmagnola. Somme, r. France, which rises in Aisne, has a W. course of about 120 miles, and falls into the English channel between Crotoy and St. Vallery. It is navigable to Bray. Somme, department of France, bounded W. by the English channel, on the N. by Pas de Calais. Area 2,380 sq. miles. Pop. 495,000. Amiens o the capital. Sommeany, seaport, Persia, in Mekraii, at the mouth of the Pooralee. Sommerda, t. Prussian Saxony, 15m. N. N. W. Weimar. Pop. 1,900. Sommerein, or Szamarfa, t. Hungary, 11 m. S. E. of Presburg. Lon. 17 17' 15" E. Lat. 48 I/ 30" N. Pop. 2,700. Sommergem, or Somerghem, t. Netherlands, in East Flanders. Pop. 6,400. 8 m. N. W. G-hen;. Sommevoir, t. France, in Upper Marne. Pop, 1,200. 9 m. S. W. Vassy. Sommieres, t. France, in Gard, on the Vidourle, Pop. 3,400. 22 m. S. Potiers. Somorrostro, t. Spain, in Biscay. Here is an iron mine, one of the oldest and most productive in the world. 13 m. N. W. Bilboa. Somosierra, t. Spain, 52 m. N. Madrid. Soncino, t. Austrian Italy, in Milan, on the Oglio. Pop. 3,900. 20m. N. Cremona. Sonderborg, t. Denmark, in the island of Alsen. Pop. 2,700. 21 m. W. S. W. Faaborg. Sondershausen, t. Upper Saxony, on the Wip- per. Pop. 3,100. 27 m. N. Erfurt. Lon. 10 45' 21 '' E. Lat. 5 1 22' 33" N. Sondre Grund, or Bottomless, isl. in the S. Pa- cific, 20 leagues in circumference. Lon. 148 W, Lat. 15 S. Sondrio, t. Austrian Italy, cap. of a province oi the same name. Pop. 3,500. 16 m. S. E. Chia- venna. Soneguero, t. Honduras, 32 m. N. St. Jorge dc Olancho. Lon. 86 5' W. Lat. 15 5' N. Sonehut, t. Hind, in Gundwaneh. Lon. 82 33' E. Lat. 23 33' N. Sonepour, t. Hind, in Orissa, on the W. bark of the Mahanuddy. Lon. 83 30' E. Lat. 20 47' N. Songeons, t. France, in Oise. Pop. 1,000. ]2 m. N. W. Beauvais. Songkiang, city, China, in Kiangnan, on tie great canal. 560 m. S. Peking. Lon. 120 44' E. Lat. 31 N< Songoa, ^sl. in the straits of Malacca, about 50 miles in circumference. Lon. 100 30' E. Lat. 2* J8'N. Sonho, the Portuguese name for Congo in Africa, Sonneburg, t. Prussian states, in the New Mark of Brandenburg, 11 m. E. S. E. Custrin. Pep 1,700. Sonnenberg, t. Saxe-Meinungen. Pop. 1,900 12 m. N. N. E. Coburg, 40 S. Weimar. Sonera, inteadancy of Mexico, which extends 728 S O R SOU tlong the gulf of California for more than 280 leagues, from the bay of Bayona to the mouth of the Rio Colorado ; bounded W. by the sea, S. by Gnadalaxara, E. by New Biscay. Pop. 121,000. Extent, 19,143 square leagues. Sonora, t. Mexico, in the intendancy of Sono- ra, 35 m. S. Arispe. Pop. 6,400. Sonsonatc, or Trinidad, t. and cap. of a district in Guatimala, on the coast of the Pacific. Pop. 1,900. Lon. 89 45' W. Lat. 13' 46' N. Sonlkofen, t. Bavaria, on the lller, 4 m. E. S. E. Immenstadt. Pop. 2,500. Sontra, t. Hesse-Cassel, on the Gunter, 24 .m. S. E. Cassel. Pop. 1,400. Sooloo Isles, chain of islands, about 60 in num- ber, which extend in a N.E. and S.W. direction, be- tween 4 and 7 N. lat. The island of Sooloo which gives name to the group, is in Ion. 1 1 9 C E. Lat. 6 N. It is 30 miles long, 12 broad, and contains 60,000 inhabitants. It produces rice, sweet po- tatoes, yams and a great variety of tropical fruits. The Portuguese formerly had a considerable trade vith these islands, but "they abandoned it, and it ii now in the hands of the Chinese, many of whom are settled among the Sooloos. Here is a famous pearl fishery. The Sooloos carry on an unceasing warfare with the Spanish colonies in the Philip- pines. Soonda, t. Hind, in North Canara, cap. of a dis- drict. Lon. 74 58' E. Lat. 14 34' N, Soondia, t. of Hind, in Sinde, on theE. side of the Indus. Lon. not ascertained. Lat. 24 58' N. Soonergong, t. Bengal. Lon. 90 43' E. Lat. 23" 39' N. Soonput, t. Hind, in Delhi. Lon. 76 53' E. Lat. 29 N. Sounul, t. Hind, in Malwah, belonging to the Mahrattas. Lon. 76 5' E. Lat. 24 21' N. Soopoor, t. Hind, in Ajmeer. Lon. 76 45' E. Lat. 25 4^ N. Soorooloo, isl. off the W. coast of Borneo, 15 miles in circumference. Lori. 108 40' E. Lat. 1 45' S. Sooropoor, t. Hind, in Bejapore, on the N. side of the Kistnah. Lon. 77 E. Lat. 16 U 15'N. Soolh.ill, or Soulhill, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 6 m. N. VV. Wakefield. Pop. 2,609. Sooty, t. Bengal, near the head of the Bhaga- rutty. Lon. 88 2' E. Lat. 24 26' N. Sophia, t. Russia, 15 m. S. St. Petersburg. Sora, t. Naples, in the Terra di Lavoro, on the Gorigliano. Pop. 7,200. It is the see of a bishop. 60 m. N. \V. Naples. Long. 13 36' E. Lat. 41 47 N. Soraqna, t. Italy, in the dutchy of Parma, on tic Strone, 13m. N. N. W. Parma. S'truu, or Zaroire, t. Prussian states, in Lower Lisatia, 49 m. S. S. E. Frankfort on the Oder. Pop. 3,800. Sorcy, t. France, in Meuse. Pop. 1,800. 4m. S.E. Commercy. Sorde, t. France, in Landes. Pop. 1,300. 11 m. S. Dax. Sorecaba, r. Brazil, which empties itself, in Lat. 23* 31' S. into the Tiete, a water of the Parana. Sard, seignory, Richelieu and Surrey counties, Lower Canada, at the confluence of the river S- rel with the St. Lawrence, 40 m. N. E. Montreal. Toe to wu of Sorel, or William Henry i is regular- ly laid out ; the streets intersect each other at right angle .s, leaving a central square of mor'- than 500 feet on each side. Pop. 1,500. Lon. 72 55' \Y. Lat. 46 u N. Sorel, Richelieu, or Chambly, r. Lower Cu da, forming the outlet of Lake Champlain. It flows north, and jo.ns the St. Lawrence at Sorel, 40 miles below Montreal. It is remarkable for being narrower at its mouth than ;i( its source. At its mouth it is 250 yards wide, which it pre- serves up to the basin of Chambly; from Cham- bly to the isle du Portage it is 500 yards wide ; beyond this it spreads to double that width, and continues to widen still more up to St. John's, Whence there is a ship navigation to the towns nn lake Champlain. From Lake Champlain to the basin the current is strong, and in some places broken by rapids, and the asceut is laborious. From the basin to the St. Lawrence, the current is regular and gentle. Numerous boa'.s and rafts, loaded with pot and pearl ashes, anu flour, are continually descending this river in summer. Soreze, t. France, in Tarn. Pop. 2,700. 33 m. S. Albi. Sorgucs, r. France, which falls into the Rhone near Avignon. Sorgucs, t. France, in Vaucluse, at the junction of the Sorgues and the Louveze. 6 m. N. E. Avig- non. Pop. 1,400. Soria, province Spain, to the W. of Navarre and Arragon. Area, 4,300 sq. miles. Pop. about 200,000. Soria, the chief town of the above district, ie on the Douro. Pop. 6,000. 110 m. N.E. Ma- drid, and 49 VV. N. W. of Calatayud. Lon. 2 25' W. Lat. 41 47' N. Soriano, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra. Pop. 3,600. 6 m. E. S. E. Mileto. Sornac, t. France, in Correze. Pop. 1,500. 36 m. N. E. Tulle. Sorrento, t. Italy, on a peninsula, on the S. side of the gulf of Naples. Pop. 4,200. It is the see of an archbishop. 15 m. S. S. E. Naples. Suspe/lo, district of the Sardinian states, formed of a part of the county of Nice. Pop. 40,000. Sospello, t. Piedmont. Pop. 3,200. 10m. N. E . N ice. Lori. 3 22' E. Lat . 5 1 4 1' N . Sosle, r. Westphalia, which falls into the Ems near Leer. 6Wm, r. Tobolsk, in A. Russia, which falls into the Obi, near Beresof, after a course of about 160 miles. It receives the Little Sosva, after which it takes the name of Tuuda. Solleghem, t. Netherlands, in East Flanders. Pop. 1,700. 9 m. E. Audenarde. Souakin. See Suakem. Sovana, or Soana, t. Tuscany, the see of a bishop. 43 m. N. N. VV. Rome. Sovar. See Salzburg. Soudan, country of N. Africa, on the Niger. The Moors maintain a commercial intercourse with it, carrying into Soudan the manufactures of Europe and of the East Indies, and bringing in re- turn gold, ivory, and slaves. It is among the most imperfectly known of any of the countries in Africa. Souillac, t. France, in Lot, on the Dordogne. Pop. 1,300. Lon. 1 34' E. Lat. 44 53' N. Soucook, r. N. H. which rises inGilmanton and flows into the Merrimack, in Pembroke. Soulainc.t, t. France, in Aube, 27 m. E. Troves. Soultsmult, v. Francf!, in Upper Rhine, on the Ombach. Pop. 2,100. 9 m. S. Colmar. Suumensac, t. France, in Lot and Garonne. Pop. 1,500. 16 m. N. E. Marmande. sou Sound, or Oresound, the strait between the isl- and of Zealand in Denmark, and the continent at' Sweden, through which vessels pass from the North sea into the Baltic. It is about 4 miles across, and the Danes exact a toll on all ships that pass through the strait. The English, Dutch, French, and Swedes, pay one per cent. ; all other nations one and a quarter. See Elsineur. Sourabaya, t. Java, on the N. E. coast, at the mouth of a navigable river l m. from the sea. It is defended by Fort Calimas, on the E. side of the river. The ships destined for the Philippine islands and China usually touch here for refresh- ments. Lon. 112 55' E. ~Lat. 7 14i' S. Sourdecal de la Barre, t. France, in La Manche. Pop. 4,000. 6 m. N. Mortain. Sournai, t. France, in Eastern Pyrenees. Pop. 800. 21 m. W. Perpignan. Sousa, t. Portugal, in Beira, 16 m. W. Oporto. Pop. 4,000. Souston, t. France, in Landes, 14 m. N. W. Dax. Soutcheoufou, city, China, in Kiangnan, on the great canal. Lon. 120" E. Lat. 31 22' N. Souter, r. Missouri, which runs into the N. side of Missouri river. Souterraine, t. France in La Creuse. Pop. 2, 900. 1 9 m. N. W. G ueret. Southaker Ledge, reef of rocks, near the S. coast of Labrador. Lon. 60 W. Lat. 50 5' N. Southam, t. Eng. in Warwick. Pop. 1,007. 82 m. N. W. London. South Amboy, t. Middlesex co. N. J. at the mouth of Karitan river, opposite Amboy. Pop. 3,071. Southampton, t. Eng. and a county of itself, is situated on the large estuary called Southampton water. Here is a military asylum for the orphans of soldiers, on the same plan as the institution at Chelsea. Southampton carries on a considerable trade in wine, corn, and timber. It sends two members to parliament. Pop. 9,6 17 12 m. S. S. W. Winchester, 75 W. S. W. London, Lon. 124 / W. Lat. 50" 54' N. Southampton^. Rockingham co. N. H. 16 m. S. W. Portsmouth. Pop. 416. Southampton, t. Hampshire co. Mass. 9 m. S. W. Northampton. In this town there is a lead mine, the ore of which is rich, yielding from 50 to 60 per cent of pure metal. Pop. 1,160. Southampton, p-t. Suffolk co. on Long Island, N. Y. 98 m. E. New-York. It is divided into 4 parish- es, Westhampton, Southampton, Bridgehampton, and Sag harbor, in each of which is a post office. Pop. 4,318. Southampton, t. Cumberland co. Pa. Pop. 1,088. Southampton, t. Franklin co. t'a. Pop. 1,348. Southampton, t. Bedford co. Pa. Pop. 1,158. Southampton, t. Bucks co. Pa. Pop. 907. Southampton, J.. Somerset co. Pa. Pop. 540. Southampton, co. in the S. E. part of Va. in- closed by N. Carolina, and the counties of Sussex, Surry, Isle-of- Wight, Nansemond, and Greens- ville. Pop. 14,170. Slaves 6,737. Engaged in agriculture 4,427, in commerce 24, in manufac- tures 183. Chief town, Jerusalem. South Bay, an arm of lake Champlain, which extends from the S. end of the lake in a S. W. di- rection. South Bay, bay on the S. coast of Long Island, between Hempstead and Southampton. South Berwick, See Berwick, South. Soulhborough, i. Worcester co. Mass. 18 m. E. Worcester, 28 W. Boston. Pop. 1,030. 92 SOU 729 Southbridge, t. Worcester co. Mass, on the Quinebang. A company has been recently incor- porated here for the manufacture of broadcloths and kerseymeres, with a capital of $150,000. The manufactory has 40 looms and employs 100 per- sons ; the quantity of cloth manufactured annual- ly is 18,000 yds. broadcloth, and 30.000 yds. ker- seymere. Pop. 1,066. 18 m. S. g'. W. Worces- ter, 58 S. S. W. Boston. South Brimjield, p-t. Hampden co. Mass. 19m. E.Springfield. Pop. 683. Southbury, p-t. New-Haven co. Ct. on the E. side of the Housatonnue, 40 m. S. W. Hartford. Pop. 1,662. It contains 3 churches, 2 for Con- gregationalists, and 1 for Methodists. South Cape, cape at the S. extremity of New Holland. Lon. 146 56' E. Lat. 43 47' S. South Dennis, p-v. Barnstable co. Mass. South East, p-t. Putnam co. N. Y. 18 m. E. West Point. Pop. 1,909. Southend, hamlet, Eng. in Essex, at the mouth of the Thames, nearly opposite Sheerness. Southern States, the part of the United States which lies on the Atlantic, S. of Potomac river : viz. the states of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana. South Farms, p-v. Litchfield co. Ct. Soulhjield, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 26 m. S. E. Lenox. Pop. in 1810, 147. ^Sandisfield is now united with it. South-field^ t. and cap. Richmond co. N. Y. on the S. side of Staten Island, 12 m. S. New York. Pop. 1,012. In this town are the fortifications for the defence of New- York. It contains also the village of Richmond, the cap. of the county. South Frankfort. See Frankfort, Kentucky. South Gasconade, t. Franklin co. Missouri. South-Hadley, p-t. Hampshire co. Mass, on the E. bank of Connecticut river, 5 m. S. E. North- ampton, 12 N. Springfield. Pop. 1,047. The ob- structions to the navigation of the Connecticut at this place, have been surmounted by a wooden dam across the river, 1,100 feet long, and 4i feet high, and a canal 712 perches long, and 17 feet wide at the bottom, with 5 locks near the lower end, overcoming a fall of nearly 50 feet. About one third of the whole length of the canal is cut through a solid rock ten feet deep, and near the locks for a distance of 300 feet, to the depth of 40 feet. South Head, cape on the N. E. coast of New Holland. Lon. 108 17' W. Lat. 24 2' S. South Hero, p-t. Grand Isle co. Vt. on Grand Isle in Lake Champlain, 12 m. N. W. Burlington. Pop. 842. South Hill, p-v. Muhlenburg co. V r a. Southington, p-v. Hartford co. Ct. 18 m. S. W. Hartford, 21 N. New-Haven. Pop. 1,875. It contains 3 churches, 1 each for Congregatioual- ists, Episcopalians, and Baptists. Southington, t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 9 m. N. W. Warren. Pop. 182. Southill, parish, Eng. in Bedford. Pop. 1,024. 43 m. N. London. South Island, isl. in the strait of Saleyer, near the S. coast of Celebes. Lon. 120 51' E. Lat. 5" 42' S. Smdh Island, isl. Eastern seas, near the S. W. coast of Boutton. Lon. 122 50' E. Lat. 5 42' S. South Island, isl. near the E. coat of Madagas- car. Lon. 50 20' E. Lat. 17 S. South of India, a division of Hindostan, com- 730 SPA prising Adoni, Baramahal, Bednore, Carnatic Up- per and Lower, Cochin, Coimbetoor, Cuddapah, Dindisrul, Guntoor, Harponelly, Madura, Mala- bar, Mysore, Rachore, Shahnoor, Tanjore, Tin- nevelly, and Travancore. South Kingston, p-t. and cap. Washington co. R. I. on the sea-coast, at the entrance of Narra- ganset bay, 30 m. S. W. Providence. Pop. 3,723. In this town is the village of Little Rest. South Moulton, t. Eng. in Devonshire, on the W. side of the Moule. Pop. 2,739. 12 m. W. Barnstable, 176 VV. London. South Mountain. See Blue Ridge. Soulhold, t. Middlesex co. Upper Canada, on lake Erie. Southold, p-t. Suffolk co. on Long-Island, N. Y. 100 m. E. New York. It includes the islands, Plumb, Great and Little Gull, Fisher's, Rom, and Robbin's. It is divided into three parishes, Cutchoque, Southold and Oyster Ponds. Pop. 2,954. South Point, cape at the S. extremity of Barba- does. Lon. 58 23' W. Lat. 13 N. South Quay, p-v. and port of entry, Nansemond co. Va. Amount of shipping in 1816, 90 tons. South River, r. Md. which runs into Chesa- peake bay, 6 m. S. Annapolis. South Rutland, p-v. Jefferson co. N. Y. South Salem, p-t. Westchester co. N. Y. 50 m. N. by E. New York. Pop. 1,429. South Sea, name given to the Pacific ocean. Southward, t. Eng. cap. of Surrey, forms a suburb of the city of London. It is commonly call- ed the Borough. See London. Soulhwark, t. Philadelphia co. Pa. Pop. 14,713. Southweald, v. Eng. in Essex, 16 m. E. N. E. London. Pop. 1,010. Southwell, t. Eng. in Nottingham, on the Greet. Pop. 2,674. 14 m. N. E. Nottingham, 132 N. N. W. London. Lon. 58' W. Lat. 53 5' N. South-West Isles, 7 small islands, of which Kis- sier is the chief, dependent on the Banda islands. South West Point. See Kingston, Tennessee. outhicick , r. Scotland, which falls into the Sol- way frith. Southwold, t. Eng. in Suffolk, on the coast of the German ocean, at the mouth of the Blyth. It has a considerable trade in the herring and sprat fishery, and also in salt and old beer. South- wold bay, or Sole bay, is noted as the scene of a famous sea fight in 1666, between the English fleet of 114 men of war and frigates, and the Dutch fleet of 103 men of war, when the latter were defeated. Pop. 1,369. 20 m. S. Yarmouth, 104 N. E. London. Lon. 1 39' E. Lat. 52 20' N. Southwold, t. Middlesex co. Upper Canada, on Lake Erie. South Yarmouth, p-v. Barnstable co. Mass. Souvigny, t. France, in Allier, on the Quesnes. Pop. 2,700. 6 m. W. Moulins. Souza, r. Portugal, which joins the Douro, 9 m. from its mouth. Sousel, t. Portugal in Alentejo, 6 m. N. N. W. Estremos. Pop. 2,000. Sowerby, or Sowerby Bridge, t. Eng. in York- shire, on the Calder, 4 m. W. S. W. Halifax. Pop. 5,177. Sowhfgan, r. N. H. which joins the Merrimack, in the town of Merrimack. .Sj?rt, t. \etherlands, in Liege. Pop. 3,000. It i-3 fam^d for it? medicinal springs and bath?. They SPA are 6 or 7 in number, and are all chalybeales. -20 m. S. E. Liege, 210 N. E. Paris. Spachenduif, t. Austrian Silesia, 18m. S. W. Troppau. Spadre bluff-, settlement, Arkansas ter. on the Arkansas, 140 m. above the town of Arkansas. Spajford, p-t. Onondaga co. N. Y. on Skeneate- les lake, 13 m. S. Onondaga. Pop. 1,294. Spaichingen, t. \\irtemberg, 8 m. S. E. Roth- well. Pop. 2,000. Spam, country of Europe, bounded by the At- lantic, the Mediterranean, Portugal, and France. It extends from Lon. 9 13' VV. to 3 15' E. and from lat. 36 to 43 46' N. Its length from E. to W. is 650 miles ; its breadth 550. Area, 170,627 sq. miles. Pop. 10,352.200. Spain possesses sev- eral islands in the Mediterranean ; on the coast of Africa the small islands called Presidios ; in Asia the Philippines ; in America Cuba, and Porto Rico ; but her vast continental possessions may now be considered as finally separated from her empire. Chains of mountains intersect the country in all directions. The tracts included between the different ranges consist generally of plains, some of which are elevated, particularly in the two Castiles where they form an extensive table land several thousand feet above the level of the ocean. The soil is generally light, and where well water- ed very fertile, but when water fails it is dry and barren. The most fertile districts are Asturia, Estremadura, and the Mediterranean provinces, especially Andalusia and Valencia. The produc- tions are grain, coffee, cotton, sugar, and cocoa ; also vines, olives, oranges, lemons, almonds, and in the warmest provinces the pomegranate and the palm. Silk is a staple production of Spain. The mineral productions are iron, copper, lead, tin and quicksilver, all in abundance ; also coal and salt. Great care is bestowed on sheep, and the Spanish wool has in consequence long been fa- mous as the finest in the world. The number of sheep in Spain is estimated at 13,000,000, of which 5,000,000 are Merinos or wandering sheep. The government of Spain was long a limited mon- archy, the people being represented by their Cortes; but after the union in the 15th century of the different provinces into one kingdom, the concentration of the power in the executive branch enabled the latter to dispense with the Cortes, and to encroach on the privileges of the provinces ; so that, on the accession of the house of Bourbon in 1700, there remained hardly any vestige of independence, except in Biscay. The dissatisfaction of the people excited by the con- duct of the present king, led, in 1820, to open in- subordination in the army, and has produced a revolution of great importance, by which the con- stitution of the Cortes, on an improved plan, is restored, and such salutary restraints have been imposed on the power of the crown as seem best calculated for securing the rights of the people. Ecclesiastical bu?es have also been reformed, and the privilege of entailing estates abolished. The Catholic was, till 1820, the only religion tol- erated in Spain. The inquisition, which was abolished by Bonaparte,was restored by the present king in 1814 ; but in 1820 was again abolished, it is hoped forever. The clergy are excessively nu- mon.us "lasting of 8 archbishops, 61 bi'hnj.;-. :niil 10,000 minor clergy; besides 50,000 monks. Part of the monasteries however are now abof- SPA S P I 731 ished. The army consists of about 50,000 men. The revenue in 1817 was about 6,000,000 ; the expenditure has for several years exceeded it by more than a million pounds. The exports are wool, wine, brandy, fruit, olive oil, silk, and salt. The imports are woollen cloth, hardware and cot- tons from England, linen from Germany and [re- land, woollens, jewellery, and paper from France, naval stores from the Baltic, corn from the Black sea and the Baltic, and salt from Newfoundland. The most important branch of Spanish commerce, the trade with the colonies, is now fast going into the hands of the English. Spaitla, t. Tunis, (an. Sujfetula,') with re- mains of ancient architecture, 110 in. S. W. Tu- nis. Lon. 9" 10' E. Lat. 35 10' N. Spalatro, seaport, Austrian Dalmatia, on the gulf of Venice, and the see of an archbishop. The harbor is spacious and deep. Here are manufac- tures of woollen, silk, and leather, and considera- ble shipping business. 110 m. N. W. Ragusa, 30 S. E. Sebenico. Pop. 7,500. Lon. 16 45' E. Lat. 43 22' N. Spotting, t. Eng. in Lincoln, on the Welland. Pop. 4,330. 8 m. W. Holbeach, 100 N. London. Lon.08' W. Lat. 5247'N. Spalt, t. Bavarian Franconia, on the Retzat, 20 m. E. S. E. Anspach, 48 W. by N. Ratisbon. Pop. 1,200. Spandau, t. Prussia, in the Middle Mark of Brandenburg, at the confluence of the Havel and the Spree. Pop. 5,000. It contains a manufacto- ry of arms. llm. N. N. E. Potsdam, and 8 W. of Berlin. Lon. 13 11' E. Lat. 52 33' N. Spangenberg, t. Elesse-Cassel, 17m. S. E. Cas- sel. Spaniard's Bay, on the E. coast of Cape Breton island. Lon. 58" 29' W. Lat. 46 20' N. Spanish Groves, p-v. Mecklenburg co. Va. Spanish Main, that part of the Atlantic ocean which washes the north part of S. America, from the Leeward islands to the isthmus of Darien. The term is also applied to the coast. Spanish Point, cape on the N. E. coast of St. Vincent. Lon. 61 12' W. Lat. 13" 24' N. Spanish Town, or St. Jago de la f^ega, seaport of Jamaica, cap. of the island. Pop. 5,000. Lon. 76" 44' W. Lat. 18 1'N. Spark's Island, small isl. in the bay of Honduras, at the mouth of the river Roman. Lon. 86 5' W. Lat. 15 54' N. Sparta. See Misitra. Sparta, p-t. Livingston co. N. Y. 25 m. S. W. Canandaigua. Pop. 1,154. Sparta, p-t. Sussex co. N. J. Sparta, p-t. and cap. Hancock co. Geo. 25 m. N. E. Milledgeville, 64 S.W. Augusta. Pop.iu 1810, 314. Itcontainsa court-house and jail, a Metho- dist church, and academy. Sparta, p-t. and cap. White co. West Ten- nessee. S/xn-tanburg, district, S. C. Pop. 16,989. Slaves 3,308. Engaged in agriculture 3,983, in com- merce 49, in manufactures 351. Chief town, Spar- tanburg. S/xirtanburg, p-t. and cap. Spurtanburg district, S. C. 25 m. E. Greenville. Spartel, Cape, (an. Ampdu&ia,) Africa, the S. cape at the entrance of the straits of Gibraltar. 5 rn. \V. of Tangier. Lon. 5" 57' W. Lat. 35 46' N. Sparlirento, Cape, (an. Herculis Promonlorium) the S. promontory of Italy, on the E. extremity of Calabria Ultra. Lon. 16 28' E. Lat. 37 50' N. Spask, t. Eu. Russia, in Riazan, on the Oka, 46 m. E. S. E. Riazan. Spask, t. Eu. Russia, in Tambov, on the Stu- denez, 105 m. N. N. E. Tambov. Pop. 3,000. Spask, t. Eu. Russia, in Kasan, near the Wolga, 60 m. S. Kasan. Spear, Cape, cape on the E. coast of Newfound- land. Lon. 52 13' E. Lat. 47 34' N. Speccia. See Speszia. Speedsville, p-t. Tioga co. N. Y. Speedwell mills, p-v. Barnwell district, S. C. Speene, or Speenhamland,v . Eng. in Berks. Pop. 2,006. Speight's Town, seaport, of Barbadoes, on the W. coast. Lon. 58 31' W. Lat. 13 15' N Spencer, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 12 m. W.Wor- cester, 51 W. Boston. Pop. 1,548. Spencer, p-t. and cap. Tioga co. N.Y. 50 m. S.E. Bath, 45 W. Chenango, 190 W. by S. Albany. Pop. 1,252. Spencer, t. Guernsey co. Ohio. Pop. 410. Spencer, co. Indiana. Pop. 1,882. Engaged in agriculture 488, in commerce 3. At the court- house is a post-office. Spencer, t. Pike co. Missouri. Spencer town, p-t. Columbia co. N. Y. Spencer, Cape, the E. point of entrance into Spencer's gulf. Lon. 136 55' E. Lat. 35 18' S. Spencer, Cape, promontory on the N. W. coast of America, the W. point of entrance into Cross Sound. Lon. 223 36' E. Lat. 58 13' N. Spencer's Gulf, large gulf on the S. coast of New Holland, which extends 185 miles into the interi- or of the country, in a direction N. N. E. between Cape Catastrophe on the W. and Cape Spencer on the E. 48 mile* apart. Sperlinga, t. Sicily, in the Val di Demona, 3 m. W. Nicosia. Sperlonga, t. Naples, in the Terra di Lavoro. 10 m. N. W. Gaeta. Pop. 1,200. Spessart, a forest of Bavaria, partly in Franco- nia, partly in the circle of the Upper Rhine, com- prising 200,000 acres. Spey, r, Scotland, in Inverness-shire-, which has its rise from Loch Spey, and after sr N. E. course of 96 miles, falls into the sea, 8 m. E. of Elgin. Spesia, or Speccia, t. Sardinian states, in the Genoese territory, at the bottom of the gulf of Spezia. Pop. 4,000. 8 m. W. N. W. Sarzana, 40 S. E. Genoa. Lon. 9 52' E. Lat. 44 4' 10" N. Speszia, isl. of Greece, in the gulf of Napoli, 20 m. from Napoli tli Romania. S hacteria, or Spagia, isl. on the W. coast of the Morea, 12m. N. Modon. Spice Islands. See Moluccas. Speigelberg., county, in Hanover, which be- longs as a fief to the king of the Netherlands. Pop. 2,200. Spietz, t. Switz. 21 m. S. S. E. Bern. Spigno, t. Sardinian states, in Montferrat, on the Bormida. Pop. 2,200. 8 m. W. N. W. Novi, 9 N. N. E. Acqui. Spigno, t. Naples, in the Terra di Lavoro, 25 m. E. Terracina. Spiker-oog, isl. of Hanover, on the coast of East Friesland. Lon. 7 42' 14" E. Lat. 53 46' Spifamberlo, t. Italy, in the dutchy on the Panaro, 8 m. S. E. Modena, 732 S P O Spilibergo, t. Austrian Italy, on the Tagliamen- to, 14 m. W. Udina. Spilsby, t. Eng. in Lincolnshire, 31 m. E. Lin- coln, 134 N. London. Pop. 963. Spi)ialonga, seaport on the N. E. coast of Can- dia. Spirding, lake, East Prussia, 75m. S. E. Kon- igsburg. It is about 60 miles in circumference. Spire, or Speycr, t. Germany, situated at the confluence of the Spirebach and the Rhine, 14 m. S. of Manheim, 16 N. E. Landau. Pop. 4,000, partly Catholics, partly Protestants. It was here, in 1529, that a protest, entered by the reformers against certain proceedings of the emperor, pro- cured them the name of Protestants. Spirilu Santo, or Tampay Bay. See Hillsbo- rough Ray. Spirit Lake, N. W. Territory, 12 miles long and 4 wide, whence issues the river Mississawgai- gon. Spirilu Santo Islands, or Androi, chain of islands to the S. W. of the Bahamas. Lon. 77 to 78 15' W. Lat. 24 to 25 12' N. Spital, t. Austrian lllyria, on the Drave, 6 m. E. Saxenburg, 20 N. W. Villach. Spithead, roadstead for shipping in the English channel, between Portsmouth and the Isle of Wight, the usual rendezvous of the British navy in time of war. Spits, t. Austria, on the Danube, 10 in. above Krems. Spitsbergen, or East Greenland, isl. in the Arctic ocean between 76 30' and 80 7'' N. lat. and be- tween 9 and perhaps 22 E. Ion. It extends far- ther north than any other land yet discovered, and is one of the most dreary and desolate regions imaginable. The principal objects which strike the eye are innumerable mountainous peaks, sharp summits or needles rising immediately out of the sea to an elevation of 3,000 or 4,000 feet, and covered with snow and ice of a dazzling bf il- liancy, while some of the adjoining mountains of less elevation are covered perpetually with a gloomy veil of black lichens, presenting a con- trast altogether peculiar. The climate of Spitz- bergen is intensely cold and more disagreeable to the feelings than that of any other country, the temperature, even in the warmest months, not averaging more than 34 degrees. 'The island is uninhabited, but the coasts are visited every year by the Russians and other nations engaged in the whale fishery. Spizli!jerg,mi. Swiss canton of Uri, 11,373 feet high. S pi if rock, p-v. Essex co. N. Y. See Essex. Splugen, v. Switz. in the Grisous, 16 rn. N. W . Chiavenna. Spolcto, dutchy, in the Ecclesiastical State?, comprising the greatest part of the ancient Um- bria. Pop. 102,000. Spoleto, t. capital of the dutchy of the same name, on the Mareggia. Pop.7,000. It is a place of great antiquity Its chief antiquities are two of the town gates, the ruins of a theatre, and llio-o of a temple. 15 m. S. S. E. Foligno, 55 N. N. E. Rome. Lon. 12 35' 46" E. Lat. 42 44' 50" N. Spoon, r. Illinois, which runs into the Illinois from the N. W. 130 miles above its mouth. It is navigable for small craft 150 miles. Sporades, one of the ancient divisions of the islands of the Grecian archipelago, comprising S P R those scattered irregularly along the shores of Europe and Asia, in contradistinction to the Cyc- lades, which were grouped circularly around Delos. Spotico, isl. in the Grecian archipelago, 6 m. W. S. W. Paros. Lon. 25 12' E. Lat. 36* 59' N. Spotland, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 3 m. N. by W, Rochdale. Pop. 10,968. Spolswood, v. Middlesex co. N. J. near the W. side of South river, which runs into the Raritan It is well situated for manufactures, and contains a powder-mill and 2 snuff-mills. 9 m. S. E. Bruns- wick, 10 W. by S. Middletown point. Spotsylvania, co. Va. inclosed by the Rappahan- nock, and the counties of Caroline, Hanover Louisa, and Orange. Pop. 14,254. Slaves 7,724. Engaged in agriculture 3,356, in commerce 164, iu manufactures 450. At the court-house is a post- office. Spotted Island^ isl. on the coast of Labrador. Lon. 55 20' W. Lat. 53 30' N. Spotted Tavern, p-v. Stafford co. Va. Spread Eagle, p-v. Delaware co. Pa. Spree, navigable r. of the Prussian states,which rises in Upper Lusatia, and joins the Havel at Spandau. It is united to the Elbe and the Oder by canals. Spremberg, t. Prussian states, in Lower Lnsatia, on an island in the Spree. Pop. 1,700. 45 m. N E. Dresden. Sprendlingen, t. Hesse-Darmstadt, 16 m. W. S. W. Mentz. Pop. 1,100. Spricy Valley, p-v. Davis co. Indiana. Sprigg, t. Adams co. Ohio. Pop. 1,552. Spring, t. Centre co. Pa. Pop. 887. Spring, r. which rises in Missouri, and flowing into Arkansas ter. joins the W. side of Black river. Spring Creek, t. Maine co. Ohio. Pop 675. Spring Creek, r. Vigo co. Illinois, which runs into the E. side of the Wabash, above Fort Har- rison. Spring Creek, p-v. St. Genevieve co. Me. Springe, t. Hanover, 14 miles S.W. of Hanover. Pop. 1,400. Springfield, v. Scotland- in Dumfries-shire, ou the Sark, 1 m. from Sarkfoot. Springfield, t. Kings co. New Brunswick, on Bellisle bay. Springfield, t. Cheshire co. N. H. 36 m. N. W. Concord. Pop. 967. Springfield, p-t. Windsor co.Vt. on Connecticut river 13m. below Windsor. Pop. 2,702. Springfield, p-t. and cap. Hampden co. Mass, on the E. side of Connecticut river, 18m. S. North- ampton, 24 N. Hartford, 47 W. S. W. Worcester, 87 W. Boston. Pop. 3,970. It is a beautiful and flourishing town, and contains a court-house, jail, bank, the principal armory of the United States, and 2 Congregational churches, with many spa- cious and elegant private houses. A flourishing inland trade is carried on, and here are several manufacturing cstabliehments, among which are an extensive manufactory of paper of a very su- perior quality, and a large establishment for the manufacture of hollow ware. There is a bridge over the Connecticut, at this place, 1,234 feet long and 30 feet broad. It was partly carried away in 1818, by a freshet, but has since been rebuilt. The situation of the armory is remarkably pleasant and healthy, being a perfectly level ele- S P R rated plat, situated about half a mile east of the village. The buildings are arranged on a large square, and consist of one brick edifice 204 feet by 32, 2 stories high, occupied by lock filers, stockers, and finishers ; a brick forging shop, 150 feet by 32; a brick building 60 feet by 32, 2 stories high, the the second story forming a large and spacious hall devoted to religious worship ; a brick building 100 feet by 40, and 2 stories high, used as a de- pository of arms ; and numerous smaller stores and shops, for the accommodation of the estab- lishment. The water works are situated on Mill river, about 1 mile south of the arsenal, in 3 different sites, called the Upper, Middle, and Lower Water shops, the whole comprising 5 workshops, 28 for- ges, 10 trip-hammers, 18 water-wheels, 9 coal- houses, 3 stores, and 5 dwelling houses, and ex- hibiting the greatest assemblage of mills and other water-works to be found in the State. In this establishment are employed from 240 to 250 workmen, who complete, on an average, about 45 muskets daily, and the number may be increas- ed to almost any extent. The water privileges already owned by the United States will warrant the extension to 30,000 stands annually. From 1795 to December 1817, there had been completed in this manufactory, 128,559 new muskets, and 1,202 new carbines, and 45,790 muskets had been repaired. The whole expenditure during the same period, including the first cost of the estab- lishment, $1,820,120. Springfield, p-t. Otsego co. N.Y. 12 m. N. Coop- erstown, 58 W. Albany. Pop. 2,065. It contains 3 churches, 1 each for Presbyterians, Congrega- tionalists and Baptists. Springfield, t. Burlington co. N. J. 10 m. from Burlington, 18 from Trenton. Pop. 1,568. It contains 3 meeting-houses for Quakers, and an academy. Springfield, p-t. Essex co. N. J. 15 m. S.W. New York. Pop. 1,804. Springfield, t. Bucks co. Pa. Pop. 1,580. Springfield, t. Delaware co. Pa. Pop. 576. Springfield* t. Huntingdon co. Pa. Pop. 900. Springfield, t. Erie co. Pa. Pop. 896. Spring field,i. Bradford co. Pa. Pop. 506. Springfield, t. Mercer co. Pa. Pop. 598. Springfield, t. Montgomery co. Pa. N. of Ger- mantown. Pop. 639. Springfield, p-v. Hampshire co. Va. on the S. branch of the Potomac, 10 m. N. E. Romney, 60 \V. X. \V. Winchester. Springfield, p-v. Loudon co. Va. Spring field, t. and cap. Effingham co. Geo. Springfield, t. St. Helena parish, Louisiana, 30 m. N. W. Madisonville. Springfield, p-t. and cap. Robeson co. West Tennessee, on Sulphur fork, 25 m. N. Nashville. Pop in 1810, 200. Springfield, p-t. Washington co. Ken. 30 m. N. W. Danville. Pop. in 1810, 249. Here is a bank. Two miles from Springfield, is a college under the direction of the Catholics. The college building is of brick, 2 stories high. Springfield, p-t. and cap. Clark co. Ohio, 13 m. g. L'rbanna. Pop. 1,868. It has a printing-office and cotton factory. Springfield, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. Pop. 1,304. Springfield, t. Gallia co. Ohio, 7 m. N.W. Gal- lipoli?. Pop. 588. S T A 733 Springfield, p-t. Hamilton co. Ohio, 15 m. N. Cincinnati. Pop. 2,197. Spring. -field, t. Jefferson co. Ohio, 18 m. W. Steu- benville'. Pop. 1,135. Springfield, t. Montgomery co. Ohio. Springfield, t. Muskmgum co. Ohio. Pop. 779. Springfield, p-t. Portage co. Ohio, 15m. S. W. Ravenna. Pop. 587. Springfield. See Putnam, Ohio. Springfield, t. Hichland co, Ohio. Pop. 466. Springfield, t. Ross co. Ohio, on the Scioto, op- posite Chillicothe. Pop. 1,593. Spring Garden, t. Philadelphia co. Pa. Pop. 3,498. Spring Garden, p-v. Pittsylvania co. Va. Springhill, t. Fayette co. Pa. on the E. side of the Monongahela, 16 m. S. W. Union. Pop. 2,086. Springhill, p-v. Fauquier co. Va. Springhill, p-v. Louisa co. Va. Springhill, t. Clarke co. Indiana. Pop. in 18JO, 1,114. Springplace, Moravian settlement among the Cherokees, 3 m. E. of Connesaga river, near the public road from Georgia to West Tennessee. The settlement was made in 1801, and in 1819, between 60 and 70 youths had been educated. It receives $250 annually from the U. States treas- ury. 35 m. S. E. Brainerd, 129 N. W. Athens, Geo. Spring river, t. Lawrence co. Arkansas ter. Pop. 752. Springiown, p-t. Bucks co. Pa. Springville, p-t. Susquehannah co. Pa. Pop .702. Springville, t. Clarke co. Indiana. Pop. 1 ,222. Springwater, t. Livingston co. N.Y. Pop. 1 , 154. Sprottau, t. Prussian Silesia, at the confluence of the Sprotta and the Bober. Pop. 2,500. 71 m. W. N. W. Breslau. Squam Harbor, harbor of Mass. N. E. of Cape Ann. Lon. 70 36' W. Lat. 42 40' N. See Gloucester. Squam, or Sullivan Lake, a beautiful body of water, N. II. about 10 miles long and 5 wide, which discharges its waters through an outlet of the same name into Pemigewasset river. Square Handkerchief, or Bazos de Babuca, clus- ter of isles in the Atlantic. Lon. 69 W. Lat. 21 N. Squilace, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, near the bay of Squilace. It is the see of a bishop. 35 m. S. W. St. Severino. Lon. 16 40' E. Lat. 39 3'N. Sravana Belgula, t. India, in Mysore. Lon. 76" 43' E. Lat. 12" 45' N. Sri, Muttra, t. Hind, in Agra. Lon. 77 20' E. La1.2641'N. Sri Permatura, t. India, in the Carnatic. Lon 80 2' E. Lat. 12 59 N. Slaatsburg, p-v. Duchess co. N. Y. 10 m. N. Poughkeepsie. Staals, t. Lower Austria, 35 m. N. Vienna. Stablo, t. Netherlands, in Liege, on the Warge. Pop. 2,800. 12 m. S. of Limburg. Lon. 5 55' E. Lat. 50 27' N. Stabrock. See Georgetown, S. America. Stade, t. Hanover, on the Schwinge, a navigable river, which falls into the Elbe, 4 miles from the town. Pop. 4,800. Stade is the seat of the dif- ferent public offices for the provinces of Bremen and Verden. Here is a fort, where are collected the dues imposed by the Hanoverian government, 734 S T A on all vessels sailing on the Elbe. 22 m. W. Iry N. Hamburgh, 85 N. Hanover. Lon. 9 23' 30'' E. Lat 55 36' 5" N. Sladen, t. Hesse-Darmstadt, on the Niddu, 18 m. N. E. Frankfort on the Maine. Stadt am Hof, t. Bavaria, on the left bank of the Danube, opposite to Ratisbon. Sladtberg, t. Prussian Westphalia, on the Dy- mel. Pop. 2,300. 19 m. S. Paderborn. Lon. 8 49'33"E. Lat. 51 27' 39" N. Sladthagen, t. Westphalia, cap. of Schaumburg- Lippe, on the Dymel, 9 m. E. Minden. Pop. 1,500. Staffa, isl. of the Hebrides, in which is the cel- ebrated natural cavern, called the cave of Fingal. Staffelstein, t. Bavarian Franconia, on the Maine, 19m. E. Culmbach. Pop. 1,200. Stafford, r. Austrian Italy, which joins the Po, 8 m. W. S. W. Pavia, Stafford, county, Eng. bounded N. by Cheshire and part of Derbyshire, E. by Derbyshire, War- wickshire, and Leicestershire ; S. by Worcester- shire, and W. by Shropshire and Cheshire. Area 1,196 sq. miles, or 765,000 acres. Pop. 295,153. Families employed in trade and manufactures 34,011, in agriculture 18,361, other families 10,165. Stafford, t. and borough, Eng. cap. of the county of Stafford, on the N. bank of the Sow, 3 miles from its junction with the Trent. It sends two members to parliament. Pop, 4,868. 16 m. N.W. Lichfield, 135 N. W. London. Lon. 2 7' W. Lat. 52 48' N. Stafford, p-t. Orange co. Vt. Pop. 1,921. Stafford, p-t. Tolland co. Conn. 26 m. N. E. Hartford, 74 W. S. W. Boston. Pop. 2,369. It has 5 religious societies, 2 of Congregationalists, 1 of Baptists, 1 of Methodists, and 1 of Universal- ists. The town is celebrated for its iron manufac- tures. Here are 2 furnaces, each of which yields annually about JOO tons of hollow ware and other castings. There are also 2 cotton factories and a manufactory of clocks. The mineral springs in this place are found useful in the dropsy, gout, rheumatism, piles, ulcers, scorbutic, scrofulous, and cancerous complaints. The accommodations for visitors are convenient and extensive, and it is estimated that from 600 to 900 persons annually resort hither. Stafford, p-t. Genesee co. N.Y. Pop. 2,069. Stafford, t. Monmouth co. N. J. Pop. 1,428. Stafford, co. Va. bounded N. by Prince William co. E. by the Potomac and Prince George co. S. by the Kappahannock, and VV. by Culpeper and Faquier counties. Pop. 9,517. Slaves 4,368. Engaged in agriculture 4,070, in commerce 47, in manufactures 193. Chief town, Falmouth. At the court-house is a post-office. Stagira, t. Eu. Turkey, in Macedon, remarka- ble as the birthplace of Aristotle, is on the gulf of Coritessa, 16 m. VV. N. VV. of Contessa, 46 E. S. E. Halonica. Stapno, t. Austrian Dalmatia, on the isthmus which joins the peninsula of Sabioncello with the Continent. It is a bishop's see. 30m. N.W. Ra- gusa. Staindrop y t. England, in Durham, 5 m. Barnard Castle. Slaines, t. Eng. in Middlesex, on the N. bank of of the Thames, over which is a bridge. Pop. 2,042. 16 m. from Hyde Park corner. S T A Stain forth, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, on the Dot:. 3* ra. W. N. VV. Thorne. ;mrf, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 4 m. S. by W, Halifax. Top. 2,077. S/ainville, t. France, in Meuse, on the Saux, 22 m. N. W. Vaucouleurs. Stalbridge, t. Eng. in Dorset, on the Stour. Pop. 890. 9 m. E. Sherbourne, 1 13 W. S. W. Lon- don. Stalimene. See Lemnos. Stalluponen,' t. East Prussia, in Gumbinnen. Pop. 2,300. 40 m. S. E. Tilsit Lon. 22 34' 12'' E. Lat. 54 37' 7 " N. Stalowiczi, t. Russia, in Minsk, 10 miles from Pinsk. Stamford, or Stanford, borough, Enjr. in Lin- coln, on the Welland. It returns two members to parliament. Pop 4,582. 46 m. S. E. Lincoln, 90 N. London. Lon. 29' W. Lat. 52 40 N. Stamford, district, Upper Canada, opposite the Falls of Niagara. Here was fought the battle of Lundy's lane between the British and Americans, July 5th, 1814. Stamford, t. Bennington co. Vt. 9 m. S. E. Ben- uington. Pop. 490. Stamford, p-t. Fairfield co. Ct. on Long Island Sound, 42 m. S. W. New Haven, 43 N. E. New York. Pop. 3,284. It has a harbor with 8 feet water, and owns some shipping. It contains 7 churches. The village of Stamford is pleasantly situated on Mill river, and contains about 60 hou- ses, some of which are large and elegant. Stamford, p-t. Delaware co. N. Y. 15 m. E. Del- hi, 50 W. Catskill. Pop. 1,495. It contains 2 churches, 1 for Scotch Seceders, and 1 for Episco- palians, and numerous mills and manufactures. Stampalia, (an. dstypalaca,') isl. of the Grecian archipelago, 60 m. VV. N. W. Rhodes. Lon. 26 16' E. Lat. 36 40' N. It is 14 miles long. Slampfen, or Slupawa, t. Hungary, 10 m. N. by W. Presburg. Stamping grounds, p-v. Scott co. Ken. Stanardsville, p-v. Orange co. Va. Stanbridge, t. Bedford co. Lower Canada, S. E. Montreal. Slanco, isl. in the Grecian archipelago, (ancient Cos,) celebrated as the birthplace of Hippocrates and Apelles. It is about 70 miles in circumfer- ence, and 12 m. from the continent. Lon. 2'5" 56' E. Lat. 36 46' N. Slandia, or Dia, isl. of the Grecian archipela- N. Albany. Pop. 2,821. At this place a battle was fought, 7th Oct. 1777, between the British under Gen. Burgoyne, and the Americans under Gen. Gates, in which the British were defeated. Still water, p-v. Sussex co. N". Y. Still water, r. Ohio, which runs into the Musk- ingum, 8 m. below New Philadelphia. Still water, p-v. Montgomery co. Missouri. Slilo, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra. Pop. 1,800. 22 m. S. E. Mileto. Stilo, cape, Italy, on the E. coast of Calabria. Lon. 10 52' E. Lat. 38 27' N. Stilton, v. England, in Huntingdon, noted for its excellent cheese. 75 m. N. London. Stinchar, r. Scotland, in Ayr, which falls into the sea at Balantrae. Stirling, county of Scotland, bounded N. by the shires of Perth and Clackmannan, from which it is separated by the Forth ; E. by the frith of Forth and Linlithgowshire ; S. and W by the shires of Lanark and Dumbarton, ^rea 560 sq. miles, or 237,2' >0 English acres. Pop. 55,000. Stirling, or Striveling, t. cap. of the above coun- ty, is on the Forth It has a considerable inland trade, and some foreign, chiefly to the Baltic. Ves- sels of 60 and 70 ton^burderi come up to the quay. Cotton and woollen are the principal manufac- tures, particularly carpets. The castle is situated at the western extremity of the rock on which the town is built, and was often the residence of the kiriiis of Scotland. Pop. 5,820. 35 m. N. W. Edmburg, 29 N. E. Glasgow. Lon. 3 59' W. Lat. 56 6 N. Slocfistadl, t. Bavarian state?, on the Maine, 3 m. W. Aschaffenburg, 15 S. E. Frankfort on the Maine. Pop. 1,100. Slock, t. Harrison co. Ohio, 10 m. N. W. Cadiz. Pop. 4iJ3. Stockach, t. Baden, on a river of the same name, 15 m. N. W. Constance, 19 N. E. Schaffhausen. Stzckau, t. Bavarian states, on the Paar, 5 m. E. S. E. Bayreuth. Stockbridge, t. Eng. in Hants, on the E. side of the Test. It sends two members to ;iarlia>nent. Pop. 603. 15m. E. Salisbmy, 66 VV.S.VV. Lo'vlon. Stockbridge, p-t. Windsor co. Vt. 26 m. N. W. Windsor. Pop. 964. Stock-bridge, p-t. Berkshire co. Mass, in a pleas- ant town, on the Housatonnuc, 6m. S. Lenox, 12 S. PittsfiRlJ, 130 W. Boston. Pop. 1,377. Slockden^s valley, p-v. Cumberland co Ken. 738 S T O Stocke)i, or Stockkdm, t. Netherlands in Lnu- burg, on the Macse. Pop. 1,000. 12 in. N. Maestricht. St",-kenits, or Stekenisse, in the Dutchy of Lau- enburg, which flows into the Elbe. Stockerau, t. Lower Austria, on the Danube, 13 in. N. N. W. Vienna. Pop. 3,600. Stockholm, city, and capital of Sweden, at the junction of the lake Malar with an inlet of the Bal- tic. The form of the town is an irregular oblong, extending from north to south, while the waters cross it in two channels from east to west. The situation is extremely picturesque. Stockholm is generally described as standing on seven islands, but several of them are very small and only con- tain forts or buildings for naval purposes. The harbour is perfectly safe and sufficiently capacious to receive a thousand ships, and the largest of them may come close to the quays. It has, how- ever, some disadvantages arising from the number of small islands and rocks at the mouth of the in- let from the Baltic, and from the delay occasion- ally experienced in coming up a winding channel from the sea, a distance of more than 20 miles. Stockholm is the commercial emporium of the cen- tral part of Sweden. Its connection with the in- terior is very extensive by means of lake Malar and various rivers and canals united with it. The town is well built, and contains 13 bridges, 22 churches, and numerous otlrer public buildings, some of which are in a fine style of architecture. Among the literary societies are the academy of sciences, the Swedish academy, the academy of line arts, history, and antiquities ; a military academy, a patriotic and an agricultural society, an academy for painting and sculpture, an acade- my of music and a medical college. The royal li- brary contains about 40,000 volumes. The manu- factures comprise iron founderies, glass works, su- gar refineries ; also leather, cotton, hats, stock- ings, silk, watches, clocks, mathematical instru- ment?, articles of gold and silver. Pop. of the city and suburbs 80,000. 320 m. N. E. Copenha- gen, 420 VV. St. Petersburg, 850 N. E. London. Lon. 18 3' 33" E. Lat. 59 20' 31" N. Stockholm, province of Sweden, which com- prises the E. parts of Upland and Sudermania. Area 2,736 sq. miles. Pop. 100,000. The city of Stockholm, with a small territory surrounding it, forms a separate government, and has its own magistrates. Stockholm, p-t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. 30-m. E. Ogdensburg. Pop. 822. Stockholm, p-t. Morris co. N. J. Stockjjort, t. and borough Eng. in Chester, on the Mersey. It is chiefly employed in the various branches of cotton trade, and also in the making of hats. Pop. 32,777. 7 m. S. E. Manchester, 176 N. N. W. London. Lon. 2 12' W. Lat. 53" 25' \. Stcckstadt, t. Bavarian states, oa the Maine. Pop. 1,100. 4 m. VV. Aschaffenburg. Slock!on, or Sloddon-on-Tcts, t. and bor. Fu;f. in Durham, on the N. bank of the Tees, 10 m. from its mouth. Pop. 4,229. It is a place of con- siderable trade and has sevei par- ticularly of sail cloth. 21 rn. S. E. Durham, 244 N. London. Lon. 1 1C' VV. i N. Stor!:ton, t. Chatauque co. N. Y. Stoddard, t. Che-hire co. N. II. 45 m. VV. Con- curd. Pop. 1,203. Stoddertii-ille, or *4 mislead, p-t. Luzcrneco. Pa. Stoke,t. Buckingham cu. Lower Canada, on St. Francis river. 60 in. S. E. Three- Rivers. S T O Stokes, co. in the N. W. part of N. C. i'oj,. 14,033. Slaves 2,204. Engaged in agriculture 3,512, in commerce 28, in manufactures 418. Chief towns, Germantown and Salem. Stokes, t. and cap. Montgomery co. N. C. near the Yadkin. It contains a court-house and jail, and about 20 houses. Stokes, t. Madison co. Ohio. Pop. 461. Stokesley, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, on a branch of the Leven. Pop. 1,439. 43 m. from York, 24~2 N. W. London. Slolberg, county of Prussian Saxony, adjoining the counties of Schwartzburg and Mansfeld. Ex- tent, 86 sq. miles. Pop. 10,500. Slolberg, t. Prussian province of the Lower Rhine, 3 m. S. S, W. Eschweiler. Pop. 2,000. Stolberg am Harz, t. Prussian Saxony. Pop. 1,900. 42 m. W. Halle, 16 S. S. W. Quedlin- burg. Lon. 10 56' 53" E. Lat. 51" 35' 0" N. Stolbova, t. Eu. Russia, in Novgorod. Stollberg im Gebirge, (i. e. among the moun- tains) t. Saxony, 9 m. S. W. Chemnitz, 49 S. W. Dresden. Pop. 1,800. Siollhofen, v. Baden, near the Rhine, 16 m. N. N. E. Strasburg. Stolpe, t. Prussia, in Pomerania, on the river Stolpe. Pop. 4,500. Its port is Stolpemunde, at the mouth of the river. 110 m. N. E. Stargard, 64 W. Dantzic. Lon. 16 55' 15" E. Lat. 54 27 59" N. Stolpen, t. Saxony, 13 m. E. Dresden. Stolscnberg, t. West Prussia, adjoining to Dant- zic. Pop. 8,000. Stone, t. Eng. in Stafford, on the N. bank of the Trent, which is connected by a canal with the Mersey. Pop. 3,000. 7 m. N. Stafford, 141 N. W. London. Lon. 2 8' W. Lat. 52 54' N. Stone, small isl. Scotland, in the Frith of Forth, 8 m. S. E. Dumfermline. Stone Arabia, v. in Palestine, N. Y. on the N. side of the Mohawk, 52 m. W. Albany. Stone fort, p-v. Franklin co. Ten. Slone/'tnm, t. Quebec co. Lower Canada, on the N. side of the St. Lawrence, 20 m. N. Quebec. Sloneham, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 9 m. N. Bos- ton. Pop. 615. Stoneham, t. Eng. in Hampshire, 4 m. N. South- ampton. Stonehaven, or Slonehire, t. Scotland, in Kincar- dine, on a bay of the German ocean, 15 m. S. Ab- erdeen, 22 N. N. E. Montrose. Lon. 2 12' W. Lat. 56 55' N. Pop. 1,110. Slonehouse, t. Eng. in Gloucestershire, 2m. N. N. W. Stroud. Slonehouse, t. Eng. in Devonshire, 1 m. from Plymouth. Stone lick, r. Ohio, which runs into the East fork of the Little Miami, in Clermont coun'y. Stone lick, t, Clermont co. Ohio. Pop. 1,070. Stone Mountain, or Rock Mountain, Geo. near the sources of the Oakmulgee and the Chatahoo- chee, 50 m. S. Hog mountain, 150 S. E. Lookout mountain. It rises from the plain to lllfe height oi 900 feet, and is about 10 miles in circumference ;it its base. ,Vi>//'7/<."<:c. SceJlmeibury, Eng. Slouestorougk, p-v. Green co. Ken. Stone's ri.rcr, r. Tennessee, which runs N. W. and joins tiie Cumberland, 6 m N. E. Nashville. S/MMmoe, p-v. Greenville co. S. C. Soney />oi/it, p-v. Albermarle co. Va. Sloney point, p-v. Abbeville district, S. C. Slonington, p-t. and borough, New London eo. S T O Conn, in the S. E. corner of the State, 1 2m. E. New London, 55 S. E. Hartford, 62 E. New Ha- ven. Pop. 3,056. It contains a public arsenal be- longing to the U. States, 2 woollen factories, a cotton factory, a bank, an academy, and 2 houses of public worship, 1 for Congregationalists, and 1 for Baptists. There are 10 or 15 vessels employed from this town in the fisheries, and the amount of shipping owned here is about 1, 100 tons. Ston- ington borough was incorporated in 1801, and is situated on a narrow point of land about half a mile long which runs out into Long Island sound. It is celebrated for its successful resistance to the bombardment of a British squadron in August 1814. Slono inlet, S. C. separates James and John's islands, and flows into the Atlantic. Stony creek, t. Somerset co. Pa. Pop. 754. Stony creek, r. Ohio, which runs into the Mia- mi from the E. above Piqua. Slony Mountains. See Rocky Mountains. Storakopparberg, or Fahlun, province, Sweden, which comprises the old provinc6 of Dalecarlia. Sq. miles, 25,696. Pop. 122,624. Storhamnen, small isl. of the gulf of Bothnia. Lon. 17 13' E. Lat. 61 32' N. Storholmen, small isl. of the gulf of Bothnia. Lon. 17 42' E. Lat. 62 33' N. Storko, isl. in the Baltic, near the coast of Swe- den. Lon. 15 34' E. Lat. 56 5' N. Storkow, t. Prussian states, in Brandenberg, 26 m. W. S. W. Frankfort on the Oder, 24 E. S. E. Berlin. Lon. 14 55' E. Lat. 52 15' N. Pop. 1,100. Sorm Bay, large bay on the S. coast of New- Holland, between South Cape and Tasman's Head. At its head it receives the river Derwent. Stornaway, seaport, Scotland, and capital of the island of Lewis, on a bay, with a harbor, safe, spacious, and easy of access. Several of the mer- chants are engaged in the fishing trade. Lon. 6 1 9 W. Lat. 58 1 8' N. Pop. 3,500. Storsio, lake, Sweden, in Jamtland, which com- municates with the gulf of Bothnia. Lon. 14 10' E. Lat. 63 10 'N, Storskar, 2 small islands on the east side of the gulf of Bothnia. Lon. 20 32' E. Lat. 63 7' N. Start, r. England, whish runs into the sea, 2m. N. E. Hoddesden. Slortford Bishop' 's. See Bishop Storlford. Stotjield Head, cape, Scotland, on the coast of Murray. Lon. 3 10' W. Lat. 57 42' N. Stouehton, p-t. Norfolk co. Mass. 14 m. S. E. Dedham. Pop. 1,313. Stour, r. England, which forms the boundary between the counties of Essex and Suffolk, and runs into the German sea, at Harwich. Slour, r. England, which runs into the English channel at Christchurch in Hampshire. Slour, r. England, in Kent, which runs into the sea at Sandwich. Stour, r. Eng. which runs into the Trent, 4 m. P. Kidderminster. Stour Head, cape, Denmark, on the N. W. coast of the island of Funen. Lon. 9 48' E. Lat. 55 37' N. Slourbridge, t. England, in Worcestershire, on the river Stour, 23 m. N. Worcester, 124 N. W. London. Lon. 2 V W. Lat. 52 38' N. Slnnrport, t. England, in Worcestershire, 11 m. V. U,,rr;r~frr, 126 N. VV. London. Stout*, v. YV.i shington co. Missouri. S T R 733 Slow, p-t. Washington co. Vt. 15 m. N. W. Montpelicr. Pop. 057. Stow, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. 30 ra. W. Boston. Pop. 1,071. Stow, p-t. Portage co. Ohio, on the Cuyahoga, 1 1 m. W. Ravenna. Pop. 578. Slow creek, t. Cumberland co. N. J. Pop. 884. Stow on Ihe Would, t. Eng. in Gloucester, 23 m. E. Gloucester, 84 W. London. Lon. 1" 42' W. Lat. 51 56' N. Stoic Market, t. Eng. in Suffolk, on the Orwell, 13m. N. N. W. Ipswich, 75 N. N.E.London. Lon. 1 \> E. Lat. 52 13' N. Stoive, v. Eng. in Buckingham, 2 m. N. N. W. Buckingham. Slowey, or Nether Stowey, t. Eng. in Somerset, 12 m. N. Taunton, 145 W. London. Stoyestown, p-t. Somerset co. Pa. Pop. 204. Strabane, t. Ireland, in Tyrone, 40 m. N. W. Armagh, 1 1 S. S. W. Londonderry. Lon. 7 19' W. Lat. 54 50 ' N. Strabane, t. Washington co. Pa. Pop. 2,571. Stradbrook, t. Eng. in Suffolk, 5 m. N. E. Eye. Strajford, co. N. H. bounded N. by Coos co. E. by Maine, S. by Rockingham co. and W. by Graf- ton co. Pop. 51,117. Engaged in agriculture 10,284, in commerce 9, in manufactures 1,538. Chief towns, Dover and Gilmantown. Sirafford, p-t Coos co. N. H. Pop. 2,144. Strafford, t. Orange co. Vt. 29 m. N. Windsor. Pop. 1,921. In this town is a mine of copperas 12 m. from Dartmouth college, which has yielded with little labour, 100 tons of copperas in a year. Straight creek, r. Ohio, which flows into the Ohio, in Brown county. Straits of Calais. See Pas de Calais. Strakonils, t. Bohemia, 54 m. S. Prague. Lon. 13 50' E. Lat. 49 17' N. Pop. 3,300. Stralfund, city, Prussian states, in Poinerania, on the side of a strait which passes between the 1 continent of Pomerania and the island of Rugen. It is very strong, being so surrounded by the sea that it is accessible only over bridges, and has be- sides very good fortifications. It was formerly one of the principal Hause towns. 113 m. N. Berlin, 120 N. E. Hamburgh. Lon. 13 8 E. Lat. 54 20' N. Pop. 13,500. Slramberg, t. Moravia, 30 m. E. Prerau. Lon. 1811'E. Lat. 49 32' N. Strangford, t. Ireland, in Down co. 6 m. E. Downpatrick. Lon. 5 28' W. Lat. 54 21' N. Slratigford Lough, large bay of Ireland, in Down co. extending from Killard Point in the Irish sea, to Newton, about 17 miles from S. to N. Stranrawer, or Stranaer, t. Scotland, in Wig- ton co. It is a royal burgh. 74 m. W. N. W. Dumfries, 126 S. W. Edinburgh. Lon. 4" 58' W. Lat. 551'N. Pop. 1,722. Slrasburg, city, France, and capital of Lower Rhine, at the conflux of the 111 and the Brusch, about a mile from the left bank of the Rhine. Be- fore the revolution it was the capital of Alsace, and the see of a bishop. It is well fortified with a citadel by Vauban. It has six gates and 200 streets, but for the most part very narrow. There are 8 bridges across the 111, and one of wood 3,900 feet Ion*, over the Rhine, which in the middle is supported by an island, on which is a strong castle. Htrsburg has an university, governed by twenty professors, who are Lutherans, and another of Roman Catholics. The military hospital is a hand- ?40 S T R som! building, and the city infirmary -will receive COO pat; f >aLs"besides which there arc two houses of orphans, a foundling hospital, and numerous other charitable institutions. From its situation, Strasburg is a place of considerable commerce ; here are manufactures of tobacco, china, steel, lace, carpets, cloth, leather. &c. 75 post-- E. Paris. Lon. 7 49' E. Lat. 48 33 N. Pop. 49,056. Slra.sbnrg,i. Prussian states, 30 m. N. E. Thorn, 35 E. Culm. Strasburg, t. Prussian states, in Brandenburg, 12 m. N. Prenzlow, 56 N. Berlin. Lon. 13 44' E. Lat. vi"LVN. Pop. 2,900. Strfuburg, p-i. Franklin co. Pa. 8m. S. E. Lan- caster, 58 W. Philadelphia. Pop. in 1810, 2,710. Strasburg, t. Lancaster co. Pa. Pop. 3,4 B:3. Strasburg, p-t. Shonandoah co. Pa. 12 m. N. N. ' rd upon Aron, t. England, in Warwick co. oa -'lio A "0:1, chiefly celebrated as the native place of Shakspeare ; 8~m. S. S. W. Warwick, 94 N W.London Lon. 1 44' W. Lat. 52 11' N. POP. -2.-;-!'. Stmlford Fenney, t. England, in Buckingham co. [2 m. E. Buckingham, 45 N. W. London. Lon. 0" 49' W. I .at. 51 54' N. Stratford* Stoney, t. England, in Buckingham, 8 m N. E. Buckingham, 52 N E. London. Lon. 044 W. Lat. 52" N. Pop. J,6.i'J. Stratford^ v. England, in Essex, 4 m. E. Lon- don. ti'mtford, p-t. Coos co. N. H. on Connecticut river, 130 m. N. Concord. Pop. 335. Sirctford, p-t. Fairfield co. Cl. on the west side ofii; Housatonnuc, at its mouth, 13 m. S. W. New Haven. Pop. 3,438. It contains an acade- my. and 4 churches. 2 for Congregationalists, 1 for Episcopalians, and 1 for Methodists. In this town is the borough of Bridgeport. Stratford, t Montgomery co. N. Y. 15 m. N. W. Johustown. Pop, 4<>7. Stratford Bnw,v. England, in Middlesex, on the right bank of the Lea, 3 m. E.London. &f rat ford River, a name given to the Flousaton- rm .. i>e!ow the junction of the Naugatuck Siratfiam. p-t. Rorkingham co. N. H. 7 m. S. W. Portsmouth. Pop 892. \ t has 2 churches, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Congregationalists. ^tralhaven, t. Scotland, in Lanerkshire, 6 m. S. Hamilton, 10 W. Lanerk. StrvhvHeadi cape, Scotland, on the N. coa^t of Sutherland, 31 m E. Cape Wrath. Lon. 3 50' W. Lat. 58 33' N. Stratonisi, 3 small islands in the Grecian archi- pelago, 10 m. S. Specia. Lon. 23 25' E. Lat. 37 16' N. Slralli,or Agioi Stratti, small isl. in the Grecian archipelago. Lon. 25 12' E. Lat. 39 35' N. Sli-atloti, t. England, in Cornwall, 15 m. N. N. W. Launceston, 721 W. S. W. London. Lon. 4 25' W. Lat, 50 33' N. Stratton, t- Windham co. Vt. 38 m. S. W. Wind- lor. Pop. 272. Slraubing, t. Bavaria, on the Danube, with a castle. It contains a collegiate church and four convents. 43 m. N W. Passau, 60 N. N. E. Mu- nich. Lon. 12 30' E. Lat. 48 47 N. Pop. 6,200. Strariko, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria, on the Black sea, 40 m. S. E. Ismail. S/.dwsberp, t. Prussian states, in Brandenburg, 13 m. S. L. Bernau, 20 E. Berlin. Lon. 13 55' E. Lat. 62 37' N. Pop. 3,600. S T R Slrttirberry plains^ p-v. Knox co. Ten. Strawberry, r. Arkansas ter. which flows E. aud joins Blnck river near, the confluence of the latter with White river. Strawberry, t. Lawrence co. Arkansas Ter, Pop. 621. Straimloirn, p-t. Buck? co. Pa. Stirbernich, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bosnia, 70 m. W. Belgrade. Strehld) t. Saxony, on the Elbe, 14 m. N. W, Meissen, 21 N. W. Dresden. Strehlen, t. Silesia 10 m. W. S. W. Brieg, 20 S. Breslau. Pop. 3,000. Streitberg, t. Germany, 30 m. S. W. Bayrutb, 14 E. S. E. Bamberg. Lon. 1110'E. Lat. 49* 49' N. Strelford) t. England, in Lancashire, 4 m. S. W. Manchester. Strelilz, or Great Strelitu, t. Silesia, 1 4 m. S. E. Oppelu, 20 N. Ratibor. Lon. 17 15' E. Lat 5027'N. Pop. 1,1 HO. Str elite, or Old Streltis, t. Germany, in Meck- lenburg, which gives name to a branch of the house of Mecklenburg, called Mecldenburg-Stre- litz; 50m. W. Stettin. Lon. 13 18' E. Lat 53 22' N. Strehtz, t. Scotland, 10 m. N. Perth. Strengnas, or Stt'engf.nas, t. Sweden, on the Malar lak^, the see of u bishop. It ha? a celebra- ted gvmnasium or seminary. 32 m. W. Stock- holm' Lon. 15 55' E Lai . 59 20' N 7 . 6/;-Lift'/i/c, t. Ru&sia, in Irkutsk, 52 m. E. N. E. Nertchinsk, 492 E. Irkutsk. Lon. 1 18 14' E. Lat. 51 22' N. Stretford, t. England, in Lancashire, 4 m. S. W. Manchester. Strethttnif v. England, in Surry, 7 m. S. London. Strdgau. t. Silesia, 9m. N. W. Schweidnitz, 8 S E. Jauer. Lon. 16 22' E. Lat. 50 50' N. Pop. 2,900. Sirimon, or Emboli, r. Eu. Turkey, in Roma- nia, which runs into the gulf of Contessa, 6m. S. Ernboli. Stnvali, 2 rocky islands in the Mediterranean, 26 m. S. Zante. Lon. 21 12 E. Lat. 37* 29' N. Stroemsholni) t. Sweden, in Westmannland, 54 m. S. W. Upaal. Lon. 16" 14' E. Lat. 59 30' N. Stroma, isl nea' the IN. coast of Scotland, in the Pentland Frith, 3 m. N. W. Duncansby Head. Lon. 2" 58' W. Lat. 58 35' N. Stromberg, t. Germany, 20 m. S. E. Munster. Lon. 8 15' E. Lat. 51 45 N. Stromboli, or Strongoli, one of the Lipari islands, anciently Strongyk, 12 nr.les in circumference. On it is a volcano, which is remarkable as the only one known that is in a constant state of eruption. 28 m. N. W. Cape Vatticano. Lon. 15" 30' E. Lat. 38 43' N. Slromness, seaport, Scotland, situated on the S. W. coast of the island of Pomona, with a harbor which affords safe anchorage. 10m. W Kirkwall. Lon. 3 9' W. Lat. 58 5TN. Pop. 1,344. Stromoe, the largest of the Faroer islands, in the Northern ocean, 30 miles long and 10 broad. Lon. 7W. Lat. 62 10' N. Stromsoe, t. Norway, in Aggcrhuus, 18 m. S. W. Christiania. Lon. 10' 16' E. Lat. 59 44' N. Strom*tadl,i. Swod^n, in West Gothland, on the coast of the North sea, 43 m. N. N. W. Uddevalla. Lon. 1 1 4' E. Lat. 58 56' N. S T U Strong, formerly Rcedstown, p-t. Somerset co. Maine, 24 m. N. W. Norridgewock. Pop 862. Strongilo, small isl. in the Grecian archipela- go, 6 m. S. W. Paros. Lon. 25 10' E Lat. 37 N. Strongoli, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, the see of a bishop, 16 m. S. S. E. Cariati Vecchia, 47 E. Cosenza. Lon. 17 17' E. Lat. 39 15' N. Si-roitgtvitte, t. Cuyahoga co. Ohio. Pop. 297. Stronsa, one of the Orkney islands, 6 miles long 1 . Lon. 2 30' W. Lat. 58 39' N. Pop. 924. Slrontian, v. Scotland, in Argyleshire, celebra- ted for the fosil called Stronlitcs. Stroppen, t. Silesia, 24 m. W. N. W. Oels, 18 N. W Breslau. Lon. 1649'E. Lat. 5l22'N. Stro-ud, r. England, which runs into the Severn, 5 m. S. Gloucester. Stroud, t. England, in Gloucester co. on the Frome, which is here called IStroud-ivater, and particularly celebrated as a menstruum in dying broad cloths in scarlet and other grain colours, 11 m S. Gloucester, 102 W. London. Lon. 2 15' W. Lat. 51 47' N. Pop. 5,321. Stroud, t. England, in Kent, adjoining Roches- ter, from which it is separated by the Medway. Siroudsburg, p-t. Northampton co. Pa. Pop. 1,143. Si rumbles Head, cape, Wales, on the N. coast of Pembroke. Lon. 5 10' W. Lat. 52 N. Slruysbay, bay. S. Africa. Lat. 34 33' S. Strynoe, isl. Denmark, in the Baltic. Lon. 10 38' . Lat. 5454'N. Stuurlsburg, p-t. Westmoreland co. Pa. Stuart's Island, isl. near the N. W. coast of America, at the entrance of Bute's canal, in the gulf of Georgia, Lon. 236 &' E. Lat. 50 24' N. 8t*JUurC$ Lake, New Caledonia, N. America. Lon. 125" W. Lat. 54 30' N. It is said to be 300 miles in circumference', and discharges its waters through Frazer's river, into the gulf of Georgia. At its E. end is a pott of the N. W. Fur Company. Studland bay, bay of the English channel, 6 m. S. Pool. Lon. 1 58' W. Lat. 50 37' N. Stud/ey, t. England, in Warwickshire, on the Arrow, 6 m. N. W. Stratford upon Avon. SliMingen, t. Baden, 22 m. N. Zurich, 30 W. Constance. Lon. 8 26' E. Lat. 47 48' N. Stuhl Wetssenberg, or Szekes Fejervar, t. Hun- gary, a royal free town, and see of a bishop. This town is strong in its situation, and had formerly considerable works, which were dismantled in 1702. It was once the place for the coronation of the kings, but at present the town is extremely decayed. 84 m. S. E. Vienna, 24 W. Buda. Lon. IT 50' E. Lat. 47" 17' N. Pop. 12,248. Slukely, t. Richelieu co. Lower Canada, E of Montreal. Pop. 250. Stum, t. Prussia, 7 m. S. Marienburg. Lon. 18 & E. Lat. 53" 53' N. Slura, seaport, on the S. W. coast of the island of Negropont. Lon. 24 15' E. Lat. 38 8' N. Slura, r. Italy, which rises in Mount Cenis, and runs into the Po, at Turin. Slurbridge, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 18m. S.W. Worcester, 58 S. W. Boston. Pop. 1,633. Here are found iron and lead ores. Sturgeon's bay, a large bay of Michigan Terri- tory, which sets up to the south from Green Bay. It is 15 miles long and 6 wide. From its head there is a short portage to Lake Michigan. Sturgeon lake, lake, New Caledonia, N. America, about 40 miles long and from 1 to 5 broad Lon 91 25' W. Lat. 49 30' N.. Sturminsltr Newton, t. England, in Doraetshire, S U D 741 on the Stour, 9 m. N. W. Blandford, 111 W. Lon- don. Lon. 2 26' W. Lat. 50 58' N. Slultgard, or Stuttgart, the capital of Warlem- berg, and residence of the king, situated in a de- lightful country, on the Nasenhach, about 2 miles from its entrance into the Neckar. It is the see of a bishop. The streets are large and strait, au.i the houses handsome. The royai palace is a ni^m fi- cent building. Stuttgard contains an academy of painting, sculpture, and architecture, and manu- factures of stuffs, silk stockings, and ribbons. 40 m. N. W. Ulm, 40 S. S. E. Heidelberg. Lon. 9 18' E. Lat. 48 45' N. Pop. 23,000. Styria. See Stiria. Suadea, t. A. Turkey, in Syria, at the mouth of the Orontes. It is the port of Antioch, distant 6 leagues. Suakem, or Suaquem, isl. in the Red sea, near the coast of Nubia, with a seaport of the same name. The island is in u bay, the entrance of which is narrow, and well secured from every wind, with five, six, and seven fathoms water. It belongs to the Turks, and is governed by a pacha. The trade is very considerable, with both the coasts of Africa, the East Indies, Arabia^ and Egypt. By nature the shoals, rocks, and 'sand- banks render it secure from the attack of au ene- my by sea, and it is well fortified by art. Lon. 33 E. Lat. J 9 20' N. Suannee, or Little St. John, r. Florida, which rises in Okefonoco swamp and empties itself into Apalachie bay. Subarkan, t. A. Turkey, in Diarbekir, on the Euphrates, 75 m. E. S. E. Kerkisieh Subtermooky, r. Bengal, which runs into the bay of Bengal, in Ion. 88 32' E. Lat. 21 35' N. Suc<:adana,t. Borneo, cap of a kiugdom. Lou. 109 56' E. Lat. 56 S. Success, t. Coos co. N. H. 86 m. N. Concord. Success Bay, or Good Success Bay, bay on the S. E. coast of Terra del Fuego, in the straits of Le Maire. Lon. 65 27' W. Lat. 54 50' S. Succoot, t Nubia, on the Nile, 160m. N. Don- gola. Lon. 31 40' E. Lat. 22 N. Suchitepec, St. dntonio de, t. Guatimala, on a river which runs into the Pacific, 60 m. W. N. W. Guatimala. Lon. 93 36' W. Lat. 14 44' S. Sucio, Rio, r. New Granada, which runs into the Otrato, in lat. 7" 26' N., 70 m. from the mouth of the latter. Sack Creek, r. Ten. which joins the Tennessee, 70 m. below Hiwassee river. Suckasunny,p-t. Morris co. N. J. Svczava, or Suchzow, t. Bukovina, on a river of the sa.me name, formerly a flourishing city, but now much declined. 84m. iN. W. Jassy, 130 N. E. Colosvar. Lon. 2558'E. Lat/ 47 57' N. Pop. 2,640. Suda, small isl. in the Mediterranean, near the coast of Candia, 8 m. E. Canea. Lon. 24 6' E. Lat. 17 N. Sudak, seaport, Russia, in Tauris, on the Black sea, 20 m. S. W. Theodosia. Sudlmry, t. Eng. in Suffolk co. on the N. side of the Stour. The trade is considerable, and much assisted by the Stour. It sends two members to parliament. 59 m. S. S. W. Norwich, 56 N. E. London. Lon. 15' E. Lat. 62 3' N. Pop. 3,471, Sudbury, p-t. Rutland co. Vt. 43 m. W.Windsor. Pop. 809. Sudbury, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 22 m. W. Bo- ton. Pop. 1,417. S U G Sudermannland, or Sndcrmania, province in the old division of Sweden, bounded N. by Malar lake, E. and S. E. by the Baltic, S. W. by East Goth- land, and W. by Nericia. Suderoe, one of the Faroer islands, in the N. Atlantic, remarkable for a dangerous whirlpool near it. Sudelic mountains, Germany, a branch of the Carpathian, separates Silesia and Saxony from Moravia and Bohemia. Sudle^s cross-roads, p-v. Queen Anne co. Md. Sndogda,t. Russia, in Vladimir, 28 m, S. E. Vladimir. Lon. 40 54' E. Lat. 55 40' N. Sudza, t. Russia, in Kursk, 40 m. S. W. Kursk. Lon. 35 14' E. Lat. 51 20' N. Suemez, isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 226 50' E. Lat 55 16' N. Si'dmoe.* isl. Denmark, near the S. coast of Fu- nen. Lon. 10 20' E. Lat. 55 8' N. Srenborg, fort, Sweden, on some small islands in the gulf of Finland, 3m. from Helsingfors. Svcnborgi seaport, Denmark, in the island of Funen, 22m. S. S. E. Odensee. Lon. 10 37' E. Lat. 55" P' X. Sites, t. Egypt, on a point of land, in the form of a peninsula, on the W. coast of the Red sea. D'Anville suppose? that here stood the ancient Arsinoe. It is not surrounded with walls ; but the houses are built so closely together, that there are only two passages into the cfty, of which that nearest to the sea is open, the other shut by a very insufficient gate. Fish is the only article of provis- ion plentiful here. The only water fit for drink- ing comes from the wells of Naba, more than 6 miles from Suez. Several vessels arc annually employed in the navigation between this port and Jidda. The commerce of Cairo with Suez is carried on by means of caravans. 60 m. E. S. E. Cairo. Lon. 32 25' E. Lat. 30 N. Pop. 5,000. Sufange ul Bahri, isl. in the Red sea, near the coast of Egypt. Lon. 33 56' E. Lat. 27 N. Sufferdam, or Suferdon, t. Hind, on the coast of Concan, 15 m. S. Choule. Suffield, p-t. Hartford co. Ct. on the W. side of Connecticut river, 17 m. N. Hartford, 10 S. Springfield, Massachusetts. Pop. 2,681. It con- tains 3 churches, 2 for Congregationalists, and 1 for Baptists. Suffield, t. Portage co. Ohio, 1 1 m. S. W. Raven- na. Pop. 290. SnJTolk, county, Eng. bounded N. by Norfolk, E. by the German sea, S. by Essex, and W. by Cam- bridgeshire. Area, about 800,000 acres. Pop. 23-1,21 1. Ipswich is the county town. Suffolk, co. Mass, comprises the towns of Boston and Chelsea. Pop. 43,940. Engaged in agricul- ture 192, in commerce 2,499, in manufactures 2,905. Suffolk, co. N. Y. comprising the W. part of Loug Island. Pop. 24,756. Engaged in agricul- ture 4,642, in commerce 342, in manufactures 1,099. Chief town, River Head. Suffolk, p-t. and cap. Nansemond co. Va. on Nansemond river, which is navigable to this place for vessels of 250 tons. Suffolk contains a court- house and jail, and about 50 houses. 28m.\V. by S. Portsmouth, 83 E. S. E. Petersburg, 110 S. K. Richmond. Sugar Creek,r. Pa.which runs into the E. branch of the Susquehannah. Sugar Creek, t. Armstrong co Pa. Pop. 1,482. Sugar Creek, t. Y'cnangoco. Pa. Pop. 621. S U L Sugar Creek, t. Stark co. Ohio. Pop. 41^', Sugar Creek\ t. Tuscarawas co. Ohio. Pop. 988. Si/gar Creek, p-t. Wayne co. Ohio, 10 m. E. W ooster. Pop. 642. Sugar Creek, t. Green co. Ohio. Pop. 1,881. Sugar Creek, r. Ohio, which joins the Masking- urn at New Philadelphia. Sugar Loaf, cape on the W. coast of Africa. Lat. 12"5'S. Sugar Loaf, t. Columbia co. Pa. Pop. 505. Sugar Loaf, t. Luzerne co. Pa. Pop. 1,112. Sugar Loaf, mt. Arkansas, ou the E. side of Po- tcati river. Sugarloaf Point, cape on the W. coast of the northern island of New Zealand. Lon 185 8' W. Lat. 29 3' S. Sugar Rirer, r. N. H. the outlet of Sunapee lake, runs into the Connecticut at Claremont. Sugenheim, t. Germany, 20 m. N. Anspach, 24 S. W. Bamberg. Lon. 10 31' E. Lat. 49 40' N. Sugonlly, t. Hind, in Balmr, 10 m. E. S. E. Bettiah. Lon. 84 44' E. Lat. 26 43' N. Sugulmessa, or Sigilmessa, t. Morocco, cap. of a district, and at one time cap. of a kingdom to which it gave name, now called Tajile.t. 72 m. E. Tafilet. Lon. 3 18' W. Lat. 31 26' N. Suhla, t. Germany,? m. S. E. Smalkalden. Lon. 10 58' E. Lat. 50 40' N. Pop. 6,100. Sufilingen, t. Hanover, in the county of Hoya, 14 m. S. W. Hoya. Pop. 1,350. Svjalpour, t. Hind, in Bengal, 62 m. N. E. Dac- ca. Lon. 91 25' E. Lat. 24 20' N. Svijask, t. Russia, in Kajan, at the union of the river Svijaga with the Volga. 20 m. W. Kazan. Lon. 48 34' E. Lat. 55" 45' N. Suilliat, r. Eng. in Gloucester, which runs into the Avon, near Tewkesbury. Suilly, isl. in the Bristol channel, near the coast of Wales. Lon. 3 11' W. Lat. 51 23' N. Suippe, t. France, in Marne, on a river of the same name. 15 m. VV. St. Menehould, 12 N. Cha- lons sur Marne. Suippe, r. France, whicli runs into the Aisne, 6 m. N. E. Roucy. Suir, r. Russia, which forms a communication between lakes Ladoga and Onezskoe. Suire, r. Ireland, which runs into the sea in Wa- ter ford harbor. Sulau, or Zulauf, t. Silesia, 17m. N. N. W. Oels, 18 N*. E. Wohlau. Lon. 17 10' E. Lat. 51 30' N. Pop. 920. Suldingen, r. Germany, which runs into the Weser, 4 m. S. Bahrenburg. Sulen, r. Germany, which runs into the Rhine, 7 m. above Cologne. Sulen Islands, small islands near the coast 01 Norway. Lon. 4 45' E. Lat. 61 5' N. Sulittgo, or Sur i ago, islands in the Pacific. Lon, 125 27' to 128" 30' E. Lat. 9 24' to 10 3^ N. Suliago. isl. in the Pacific. Lon. 126 27' E. Lat. 927'N. Sufaskar, or Bara, small isl. in the North sea, 45 m. from the N. VV. part of .Scotland. Lon. 5 53' W. Lat. 58 44' N. Sulliran, p-t. Hancock co. Maine, on French - iiiiiuV bay, ><> m. E. Castine. Pop. 872. Here is abridge erected across Hog bay, 1,400 feet in instructed upon the new plan introduced by Ithicl '['own, Esq. Sullivan, t. Cheshire co. N. H. 43 m. S. W. Con- 1'"]). 082. S U M Sullivan, co. N.Y. inclosed by the counties of Delaware, Ulster, and Orange, and by Delaware river. Pop. 8,900. Engaged in agriculture 1,882, in commerce 26, in manufactures 358. Chief town Thompson. Sullivan, p-t. Madison co. N.Y. on Oneida lake. Pop. 2,932. In this town is abundance of gyp- sum. Sullivan, t. Tioga co. Pa. Pop. 507. Sullivan, co. East Tennessee, on Holston river. Pop. 7,015. Slaves 836. Engaged in agricul- ture 640, in commerce 19. Chief town, Blqunts- ville. Sullivan, t. Medina co. Ohio. Pop. 137. Sullivan, co. Indiana, on the Wabash. Pop* 3,498. Engaged in agriculture 1,169, in com- merce 12, in manufactures 26. Chief town, Fort Harrison. Sullivan's Island, small isl. on the N. side of Charleston harbor, 6 m. below the city. It is much resorted to by the citizens of Charleston during the summer months. Sulm, or Sulmbach, r. Germany, which runs into the Neckar, near Neckar's UJm. Sulmona, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra, the see of a bishop, 21 m. S. Civita Chieta, 72 N. Naples. Lon. 13 59' E. Lat. 42 3' N. Pop. 6,000. Sulphur Island, isl. in the Pacific ocean, 5 miles long. Lon. 141 12' E. Lat. 24 48' N. Sulphur Spring, r. N. Y. which joins Tonnewan- ta creek in Clarence, Niagara co. Sultan Hisar, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, once a strong place, 52 m. S. E. Milets, 23 E. Sclavonia. Lon. 28 4' E. Lat. 37 51' N. Sultanabad, circar, Bengal, bounded N. byRa- jemal and Awmore, E. by Raujeshy, S. by Bir- booin, and VV. by Birboom and Hendooa. Sultania, t. Persia, in Irak, formerly one of the largest cities in Asia. The streets are now de- serfed, and the inhabitants scarcely amount to 6,000. 250 m. N. N. W. Ispahan. Lon. 48 26' E. Lat. 36 28' N. Sutlanpour, t. Hind, in Lahore. 62 in. S. E. La- hore, 228 N. W. Delhi. Lon. 73 50' E. Lat. 30 25' N. Sultanpour, t. Hind, in Oude, 50 m. N. Alla- habad, 32 S. Fyzabad. Lon. 82 24' E. Lat. 26 18' N. Sulle, orSulze, t. Mecklenburg- Schwerin, with some salt works. 23 m. E Rostock. Lon. 12 40' E. Lat. 54 8' N. Pop. 1 ,600. Sullzburg, t. Baden, 20 m. N. N. E. Bale. Sulz, t. Wurtemberg, near the Neckar, with salt works. 12 m. S. E. Freudenstadt, 12 N. Roth well. Lon. 8 40' E. Lat. 4*1" 18' N. Pop. 2,200. Suiza, t. Saxe- Weimar, on the Ilm, 14 m. N. E. Weimar, 9 S. E. Naumburg. Lon. 11 42' E. Lat. 516'.\. Sulsbach, t. Bavaria, 48 m. N. N. E. Ingolstadt, 35 N. N. W. Ratisbon. Lon. 11 45' E. Lat. 49 30' X. Pop. 3,200. Xukburg, Ober, t. and citadel, Bavaria, 29m. W. \ \V. Ratisbon, 2 S. E. Freyenstatt. Lon. 11 20' E. Lat. 49 8' X. Sumany Town, p-t. Montgomery co. Pa. 33 m. N. \V. Philadelphia. Sumaxinla, r Mexico, which runs into the bay of Campeachy. Lon. 92 40' W. Lat. 18 20' N. Sumatra, a large isl. in the E. Indian sea, and mo:-it westerly of those called the Islands of Sunda, about 700 miles Ion:? from X. VV. to S. K." and 180 broad. Sq. miles, 180,000. The equinoxiul line SUN 743 passes nearly through the centre. It is separated from the continent of Asia by the straits of Ma- lacca; and by the straits of Sunda, from the island of Java on the S. A ridge of mountains extends through its whole length. Mount Ophir, the highest summit, is 13,482 feet above the level of the sea. Between these mountains are extensive plains, considerably elevated above the level of the ocean, which are the best cultivated and most populous parts of the island. The heat of the climate is not so great as might be expected ; the thermometer at the most sultry hour generally fluctuating between 82 and 83 ; at sun-rise it is usually as low as 70". The soil of the land is generally a stiff reddish clay, covered with a stra- tum or layer of black mould of no great depth. On this is naturally a strong and perpetual ver dure. For many ages Sumatra has been famous for its gold, which seems at present, however, nearly exhausted. There are also mines of cop- per, iron and tin, saltpetre, sulphur, coal, ivory, coffee, cotton, betel-nuts, tobacco, rice, cotton, and especially pepper, are also among the productions of the island. The religion is paganism, and the inhabitants are cannibals. In 1818, a Baptist missionary established himself in this island, with a printing press. Pop. 4,500.000. Lon. 95 48' to 106 14' E. Lat. 4 50' S. to 5 10' N. Sumbava. See Cumbava. Sumbul, t. Hind, and cap. of a district in Oude, 45 m. W. N. W. Bereilly, 65 E. Delhi. Lon. 78 55' E. Lat. 28 30' N. Sumbulpour, or Sumelpour,t. Hind, and cap. of a circar in Orissa, 144 m. W. N. W. Cuttack, 280 W. Calcutta. Lon. 83 40' E. Lat. 21 25' N. Siemens, t. France, in Card, 4 m. E. Le Vigan, 18 S. W. Alais. Sumi, t. Russia, in Charkov, 68 m. N. N. W. Charkov. Lon. 35 4' E. Lat. 50 54' N. Siimmaro, small isl. in the Baltic, S.E. of Aland. Lon. 20 5' E. Lat. 59 58' N. Summerfifld, p-t. Guilford co. N. C. Summer-kioum, t. Birmah,on the Irrawuddy, 60 m.S.S. W. Ava. Summers, t. Prebje co. Ohio. Pop. 1,171. Summers Islands. See Bermuda. Summit, t. Schoharie co. N. Y. Pop. 1,468. Sumner, p-t. Oxford co. Maine, 6 m. N.E. Paris, Pop. 1,055. Sumner, co. West Tennessee, on the N. side of Cumberland river. Pop. 19,211. Slaves 5,762. Engaged in agriculture 4,507, in commerce 76, in manufactures 472. Chief town, Gallatin. Sumpter, district, S. C. Pop. 25,369. Slaves 16,143. Engaged is agriculture 9,369, in com- merce 23, in manufactures 246. Chief town, Statesville. Sumptersville, p-t. Claremont co. S. C. Lodebar academy is 10 miles from this place. Sunapec, lake, N. H. on the borders of Hillsbo- rough and Cheshire counties, 11 miles long, and li wide, discharges its waters through Sugar river into the Connecticut. It is on the height of land between the waters of the Connecticut and those of the Merrimack. It is in contemplation to connect these two rivers by a canal from the Mer- rimack to this lake. Sunbury, v. Eng. in Middlesex, on the Thames ; 16 m. W/S. W. London. Sunbury, co. New Brunswick, on the bay of Fundy, at the mouth of St. John river, boundeJ N. W. by York co. N. E. by Xorthumberland co. S, E. by Queen's co. and S. W. by Charlotte co. ?44 SUN Sunbury, bor. p-t. and cap. Northumberland co. Pa. on the E side of Suaquehannah river, just be- low the junction of the E. and \V. branches, 2 m. S. of Northumberland, 56 N. Harrisburg. It is regularly laid out, and contains a court-house, jail, Presbyterian, and Lutheran church. Pop. 861. Sunbury, p-t. Gates co. N. C. Sunbury, p-t. and port of entry, Liberty co. Geo. between Midway and Newport rivers, at the head of St. Catherine's sound, 40 m. S. Savannah. It is a pleasant and healthy place, and is resorted to in the summer months by the planters of the adjacent country. In 1788, an academy was es- tabli.-hed here, which ia a flourishing and highly respectable institution. The average number of student" is 100. Sunbury, p-t. Delaware co. Ohio. Pop. 875. Sunbury, t. Monroe co. Ohio. Pop. 558. Siwcook, r. N. H. which joins the E. side of the Merrimack in Allenstown, 7 m. below Cou- cord. Snnda Islands, a group of islands in the E. Indian sea, of which Sumatra, Java, Banca and Timor are the chief. Sunda, Straits of, a strait of the E. Indian sea, between the islands of Sumatra and Java. Sundai, t. Norway, in Drontheim,on the Driva, 66 m. S. S. W. Drontheitn. Sunday, r. S. Africa, which falls into Delagoa bay. Sundeep, or Sundiiw, isl. at the mouth of the Burrampooter, about 100 miles in circumference. Lon 9T 3# E. Lat. 22 28' N. Sunderbunds, a large tract of country of Hin- doostan, intersected by the mouth of the Ganges, in the S part of the country of Bengal. It is com- pletely enveloped in woods, and infested with ti- gers. Here salt is made in quantities equal to the whole consumption of Bengal and its dependen- cies. Sunderdoo, small isl in the Indian sea, near the coast of Hindoostan, 36 m. N. N. W. Goa. Lon. 73 20' E. Lat. 163'N. Sunderhamn. See Soderhamn, Sundcrskio/iing. See Soderskioping. Sunderland, seaport, Eng. in Durham, at the mouth of the Wear. The harbor is to# shallow for large vessels. It has been greatly enriched by the coal trade and its salt pans. 13 m. N. E. Dur- ham, 270 N. London. Lon. 1 22' W. Lat. 54 59' N. Pop. 12,289. Swiderland, t. Bennington co. Vt. 15m. N. E. Bennington. Pop. 496. Sun'-':rland, p-t. Franklin co. Mass, on the E. side of Connecticut river, 8 m. below Greenfield. Pop. 597. Sunderland Point, cape, Eng. at the mouth of the river Lune, 5 m. S. S. W. Lancaster. Sunderland Point, cape, Eng. in the German sea. Lon. 1 44' W. Lat. 52 27' N. Sundersfuiusen. See Sondersliausen. Sundira. See Sundeep. Sundsio, t. Sweden, in Jamtland, 10 m. S. S. E. Oster< men, and there were then from 20 to 30,000 Swiss soldiers in foreign countries. In 1813, the cantons raised an army of 30,000 men. The inhabitants are either Calvinists or Catho- lics. The cantons of Berne, Aargau, Bale, Schaff- bausen, Zurich, Vaud, Orisons, and three fourths ofGlarus, two-thirds of Appenzel, and Thurgau are Calvinistic ; the remainder are Catholic. Su'itztrland, co. Indiana, on the Ohio. Pop. 3,934. Engaged in agriculture 690, in commerce ], in manufactures 58. Chief town, Vevay. Swords, i. Ireland, 7 m. N. Dublin. Sybers* or Sieberg, t. Germany, at the conflu- ence ol the Rhur and Lcnne, 3 m. S.VV. Schwiert. Sybilhead, cape, on the W. coast of Ireland, in Kerry, 8 m. W. N. W. Dingle. Lon. 10 18' W. Lat.52ll'N. Sycamore, t. Hamilton co. Ohio. Pop. 63. Sycamore creek, r. Ohio, an E. branch of the Sandusky. Sycamore grove, p-v. Mecklenburg co. Va. Sydney Bay, bay on the S. coast of Norfolk isl- and, in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 168 2' E. Lat. 29 5'N. . Sydney, t. on a creek or harbour within Port Jackson, on the E. coast of New Holland. It is the capital of the British colony of New South Wales. It is a flourishing settlement, containing in 1822, 13,400 inhabitants, a bank with a capital of 20,000, and several schools and charitable in- stitutions. Lon. 150 20' E. Lat. 32 53' S. Syene, or Assuan, city, Egypt, on the E. side of the Nile. In this town, situated under the tropic, according to the report of Strabo, a well was sunk, which marked the summer solstice, and the day was known when the stile of the sun-dial cast no shade at noon : at that instant the vertical sun darted his rays to the bottom of the well, and his image was reflected on the water. Syene is at present a miserable place, with a small fort. The remains of the ancient town are on an eminence to the S. Columns and pillars of granite scattered here and there denote its situation. Here is an ancient building, perhaps the observatory of the ancient Egyptians. 375 m. S. Cairo. Lon. 49 48' E. Lat. 24 N. Sylt, isl. Denmark, in the North sea, 12 m. from the VV. coast of Sleswick, 40 miles in circumfer- ence. Lon. 8 20' E. Lat. 54 55' N. Symio, (an. Byrne,*) small isl. in the Grecian Ar- chipelago. Lon. 27 J 34' E. Lat. 36 38' N. Symmes creek, r. Ohio, which runs into the Ohio 3 m. below the mouth of the Guyandot. Synder Head, cape, Denmark, on the E. coast of Sleswick. Lon. 9 39 E. Lat. 55 11' N. TAB Syra, isl. in the Grecian Archipelago, 12 m. , c . Andros. Lon. 24 52' E. Lat. 37 27' N. Syracuse, s-p. Sicily, in the valley of Noto, and formerly a superb city, and flourishing republic ; but war, tyranny, and earthquakes have nearly de- stroyed it. Of four grand quarters of which the city was composed, only one, Ortygia, which was the smallest, now remains ; the other parts arc covered with ruins, intermixed with vineyards, fields, and gardens. It is however the see of a bishop, and has a good harbour. When Syracuse was besieged by the Romans, under Marcellus, it was defended by the ingenuity of the celebrated Archimedes, who framed such engines of war ai quite disconcerted the measures of the Romans ; and to his genius alone it was owing, that the city held out nearly three years against the utmost ef- forts of a consular army. 71 m. S. Messina, 115 S. E. Palermo. Lon. 15 14' E. Lat. 35 5' N. Pop. 17,000. Syracuse, p-v. in Salina, Onondaga co. N. Y. Syre, r. Norway, which runs through the vale of Syre into the lake of Lunde, and discharges itself into the sea, 20 m. W. Syre. Syria, including Palestine, a province of A. Tur- key, lying along the eastern coast of the Mediter- ranean, and extending E. to the desert of Arabia. It lies between 31" and 37 N. lat. Square miles 50,000. Pop. 1,800,000. The country consists in a great measure of mountains, which distribute themselves in various directions, from one leading branch. Syria unites different climates under the same sky, and collects, within a narrow compass, pleasures and productions, which nature has else- where dispersed at great distances. It produces wheat, rye, barley, beans, and the cotton plant ; indigo, tobacco, the olive-tree, the white mulber- ry-tree, and the vine. Syria is divided into four governments, or pachalics, viz. Aleppo, Tripoli. Damascus and Acre, the whole of which yields * revenue estimated at 312,500 sterling. Syriac Christians. See Travancore. Syslon, t. Eng. in Leicestershire, 6 m. N. N. E. Leicester. Szalgen, (Island of Serpents,) small isl. in the Black sea, near the mouth of the Danube. Lon, 30 54' E. Lat. 45 25' N. Ssamaili, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bessarabia, on the Dniester, 45 m. S. W. Bender. Szeben, t. Hungary, on the Tareza, 30 m. N. Caschau. Lon. 29 49' E. Lat. 49 N. Szeben. See Hermannstadt. Ssekely, or Sskely-hid, t. Hungary, 7 m. N. N. W. St. Job, 18 E. S. E. Debreczyn. ' T. TAAS, or Taces, city of Arabia, in Yemen, 38 m. E. N. E. Mocha. Lon. 44 10' E. Lat. 13 33' N. Taasinge, isl. of Denmark, 16 miles in circum- ference, between the islands of Fiuien and Langre- land. Lon. 10 37' E. Lat. 55 N. Taawirry, isl. on the E. side of Otaheite. Tab, r. Persia, separates Chusistan from Farsis tan, and runs into the Persian gulf, near Chintz. Tabu Islands, 4 small islands near the E. coast ot Borneo. Lon. 118 12' E. Lat. 2 6' N. TAB Tobago, isl. in the Pacific ocean, near the coast of Mexico, about 3 miles long and 2 broad. 18 m. S. Panama, Lon. 80 9' W. Lat. 8 40' N. Tabaltar Point, cape on the E. coast of Borneo. Lon. 1174'E. Lat. 2 12' N. Tabarca, t. Africa, in Tunis, at the mouth of the Zaine, 60 m. N. \V. Tunis. Tambarca, or Tabaquer, isl. in the Mediterra- nean, near the coast of Africa, at the mouth of the Zaine. It is defended by a small castle. Lon. 9 18'E. Lat. 36 55' N. Tabaria, or Taberayan, or Tabarieth, anciently Tiberias, t. Palestine, on the W. bank of a lake, called in the scriptures the Lake of Gennesareth, or the Sea of Tiberias, and at the foot of a high and sharp mountain, surrounded with walls except to- wards the water. This town was long the capi- tal of Galilee, and after the destruction of Jerusa- lem for some time the residence of the high-priest. 16 m. S. Safad, 45 N. Jerusalem. Tabas Kileki, or Tabaskili, t. Persia, in Chora- san, 130 m. S. W. Herat, 290 E. Ispahan. Lon. 5750'E. Lat. 33 N. Tabasco^ r. N. America, which runs into the bay of Campeachy. Lon. 93 40' W. Lat. 18 15' N. Tabasco, t. Mexico, and formerly capital of a province to which it gives name, called also by the Spaniards Nutstra Sennora de la Vitioria. It stands on an island, at the mouth of the river Gri- jalva, which divides itself, near the sea, into two branches, of which the western falls into the river Tabasco. The island on which the town of that name is built, is about 12 leagues long, and 2i broad. Lon. 93 46' W. Lat. 18 20' N. Tabasseran, t. Persia, in Schirvan, 20 m. W. Derbend. Tabbajee, t. Africa, in Neola. Lon. 11 8' W. Lat 13 32' N. Tabeau, t. Missouri, on a creek of the same name which enters the S. side of the Missouri, above Franklin, and is navigable to the town, a mile from its mouth. Tabenne, isl. in the river Nile, between Dende- ra and the ruins of the ancient Thebes. Taberg, t. Sweden, in Smaland, 8 m. S. Jonkio- ping. Tabernas, t. Spain, Grenada, 15 m. N. N. E. Al- meria. Tabinihintac, r. New Brunswick, which runs into the sea on the N. E. coast, 9 m. from Mirami- chi river. Here is a thriving settlement. Tablaa, one of the Philippine islands, about 25 miles long. Lon. 121 40' E. Lat. 12 ~30' N. Table Bay, bay of S. Africa, on the west coast, formed by three lofty mountains. Lon. 18 15' E. Lat. 33 50' S. Table Island, small isl. near the coast of Spits- bergen. Lon. 20 30' E. Lat. 80 57' N. Table Island, one of the New Hebrides, in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 167 7' E. Lat. 15 38' S. Table Island, isl. in the E. Indian sea, near the island of Paraguay. Lon. 118 2' E. Lat. 9 15' N. Table Island, small isl. in the E. Indian sea, Lon. 9332 / E. Lat. 14 8' N. Table Mountain, near the Cape of Good Hope. Table Mountain, Pendleton district, S.C. west of Saluda river, and 4 m. from the N. boundary of the State, 4,300 above the level of the sea. Tablvr, Le, t. France, in Vendee, 6 m. S. S. E. La^ Roche sur Yon, 9 N.W. Lucon. Tabo, t. Cooper co. Missouri. T A F 749 Tabo Dune, s-p. Africa, on the Ivory coast, 90 m. from Cape Palmas. Taboa, t. Portugal, iu Beira, on the Mondego, 9 m. S. Viseu. Tabocuru, r. Brazil, which runs into the Atlan- tic, in Ion. 45 30' W. lat. 2 40' S. Taboga. See Tabaga. Taboo, t. Africa, and cap. of a country to the E. of the Sahara. Lon. 12 10' E. Lat. 24 N. Tabor, or Uradistie Hory Tabor, (i.e. The Camp of Mount Tabor,) t. Bohemia. By reason of its situation on a mountain, and on the river Luz- nice, it is naturally strong. 10 m. N. E. Bechin, 28 S. Prague. Lon. 14 28' E. Lat. 49 27' N. Pop. 3,226. Tabor, Mount, Palestine, 48 m. N. Jerusalem. Tabris. See Tauris. Tabuc. See Tahuk. Tacalea, t. New Granada, at the conflux of the Cauca and Magdalena, 85 in, S. E. Carthagena. Tacazze, r. Africa, and next to the Nile, the largest in Abyssinia. It rises about 150 m. E. Gondar, and flowing through Sennaar, joins the Nile at Ilak, in Nubia, in lat. 17 45' N. Tachan, isl. in the Chinese sea, near the coast of Cochin China. Lon. 109 14' E. Lat. 1235'N. Tachau, or Tachow, t. Bohemia, 34 m. W. Pil- sen, 72 W. S. W. Prague. Lon. 12 40' E. Lat. 49 47' N. Pop. 2,800. Tuckumbraet, (an. Siga, or Sigewn,) t. Africa, on the coast of the Mediterranean, at the mouth of the river Tafna, 44 m. S. W. Oran, 15 N. N. W. Tlemaan. Lon. 55' W. Lat. 35 30' N. Tackramah, t. Africa, on the Gold coast. Lon. 3 10' W. Lat. 452' N. Tacoutche Tesse, large r. New Caledonia, which flows S. and falls into Birch's bay, in lat. 49 N. Tacpoy, t. Thibet, and capital of a district, 136 m. S. E. Lassa, 152 N. N. W. Ghergong. Lon. 92' 52' E. Lat. 27 53' N. Taczli,r. Eu. Turkey, which runs into the Dan- ube, near Kilia, in Bessarabia. Tademeri, t. Hind, in Mysore, 100 miles N. E. Chittledroog, 140 N. N. E. Seringapatam. Lon. 78 E. Lat. 14 35' N. Tadcaster, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, on the river Werf, 9 m. S. W. York. 188 N. London. Lon. V W W. Lat. 53 53' N. Tadivan, or Taduan, t. Persia, in Fars, 60 m. S. Schiras. Tadmor. See Palmyra. Tadousac, t. Lower Canada, at the mouth of the Saguenay, 100 m. N. E. Quebec. Lon. 69 40' W. Lat. 48 5' N. Tadoun, or Tadiran, t. A. Turkey, in Armenia, on the W. coast of the lake of Van, 120 m. S. S. E. Ercerum, 15 E. N. E. Betlis. Tadschiks, a people who are a mixture of Per- sians and Arabians, and constitute the settled pop- ulation of Persia, and the greater part of Cabul. Tafale, r. Africa, which runs into the sea, be- tween the rivers Senegal and Nunez. Tafalinga, t. Africa, in Jaaga,at the union of the Falema with the Senegal. Lon. 10 12' W. Lat. 1442'N. Tafalla, t. Spain, in Navarre. It has an uni- versity. 15m. N. W. Sanguesa, 15 S. Pamplona^ Lon. 143' W Lat. 42 35 N. Tafara, t. Africa, in Bambarra, on the Niger, 115m S.W. Sego. Tafcdalat, t. Africa, in Sahara, 200m. N. Tom- buctoo. Lon. 2 15' E. Lat. 19 40' N. 750 T A II Tafilet ^ kingdom Africa, forming part of the em- pire of Morocco. It extends along the E. side of Mount Atlas. Dates constitute the wealth of the people. The town of Tafilet, after which the king- dom was named, is 140 m. E. S. E. Morocco. Lou. 6 W. Lat. 31 20' N. Tajilel, r. Africa, which rises in Mount Atlas, and loses itself in a lake, 140 m. S. Tafilet. Tagai, t. Russia, in Simbirsk, 48 in. \V. Sim- birsk. Lon. 47 E. Lat. 54 20' N. Taganrock, t. and fort, Russia, on the sea of Azoph, 32 m. W. N. W. Azoph. The town is now rapidly recovering from the ruined state in which it was left by the Turks. Pop. 10,000. It en- joys great advantages for commerce from the fa- cility of its communication with the interior. The principal articles of export are wheat, tal- low, bees-wax, wool, hejnp, wine, coal, isinglass, tish, hides, iron and canvass. In 1817, 387 vessels sailed from Taganrock with cargoes destined to Constantinople, the Archipelago, and the Medi- terranean. The inhabitants are from many differ- ent nations. Lon. 38 37' E. Lat. 47 12' 40" N. Tagava-st. See Tagoast. Tagazee, t. Africa, 260 m. S. Mourzouk. Lon. ;255'E. Lat. 23 32' N. TagtJcannuc, mountains, New England, a west- ern branch of the Green Mountains. It leaves the main range a little below Middlebtiry, Vt. and running S. along the western boundaries of Vermont, Massachusetts and Connecticut, termin- ates on Long Island Sound, 20 m. S. W. New-Ha- ven. The highest summits are Taghkarmuc in the S. W. corner of Massachusetts, 3,000 feet high and Saddle Mountain. Tagfimon, t. Ireland, ia Wexford, 7 m. W. \Vexford. Tagiah, r. Algiers, which runs into the Medi- terranean, 24 m. E. Oran. Tagioura,t. Africa, 10 in. E. Tripoli. Tagliicoszo, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, 18 m. S. W. Aquila, 33 E. N. E. Rome. Lou. 13 19' E. Lat. 42 4' N. Tagliamento, r. Italy, which falls into the Adri- atic Sea. It is navigable to Latisana. Tagoast, or Tagaost, or Tagavast, t. Africa, in Sus, 140 m. S. VV. Morocco. Tagolande, isl. in the E. Indian Sea. Lon. 125 6' E. Lat. 2 18' N. Tagou and Zainah, 2 contiguous towns in Al- giers. 50 m. S. W. Constantia. Tagua, t. Africa, 250 m. N. E. Bornou. Lon. 27 20' E. Lat. 19 10' N. TaguSj or Tajo, r. Spain, which rises in the mountains of Molina, which separate the king- dom of Arragonfrom Old Castile, passes by Aran- juez and Toledo, crosses Castile and Estremadu- ra, and enters Portugal at Mental vao. It then passes by Abrarites, Suntarem, &c. and runs into the Atlantic about 10 miles below Lisbon. Its . current is broken by many cataracts. Tagyped, small isl. near the N. E. coast of Bor- neo. Lon. 1 17" 54' E. Lat. 6 29' N. Ta-hoerowa, one of the smaller Sandwich Isl- ands. Lon. 199 30' E. Lat. 21 40' .\. Tahric, t. Persia, iu Fars, on the coast of the Persian gulf, 12 m. E. S. E. Konkum. Lon. 52 20' E. Lat. 27 45' N. Tuhla, t. Egypt, on the Nile, 32 m. S. Siut, 187 S. Cairo. Lon. 31 22' E. Lat. 26 57' N. Ta/tuk, or Tabuk, t. Arabia, in Nctlsjas, 176 m. S. S. E. Jerusalem, 260 N. Madian. T A L Taibeh, t. Syria, 83 m. E. S. E. Aleppo, 40 N. Palmyra. Lon. 38 45' E. Lat. 35" 10' N. Taillebourg. t. France, in Lower Charente, 6 m. N. Saintes, 7 S. S. W. St. Jean d'Angely. Taimurskaia, bay, Russia, in the Frozen ocean. Lon. 94 10' to 98 10' E. Lat. 75" to 77" N. Tain, t. France, in Drome, 9 m. W. N. VV. Ro- mans, 9 N. Valence. Pop. 1,410. Tain, t. Scotland, in Ross co. on the Frith of Dornach. It is a royal burgh. 11 m. N. Cro- marty, 189 N. Edinburgh. Lon. 3 57' W. Lat. 57 47' N. Pop. 2,277. Tainee, t. on the E. coast of Tunis, anciently a famous port. 69 m. E. S. E. Kairwan. Togo. See Tagus. Tai-ouan, city and seaport on the W. coast of the island of P^ormosa, of which it is the capital. The streets are alniost all lined with shops of silk, china ware, and other commodities. It has nei- ther fortifications nor walls. The harbour is sheltered from every wind. Lon.l 13 E. Lat. 23 N. Tai-ping,city, China, of the first rank, in Quang- si, 1,175 m. S. S. VV. Peking. Lon. 106 34' E. Lat. 22 25' N. Tai-tcheou, city, China, of the first rank, in Tche-kiang, 722 m. S. S. E. Peking. Lon. 121 ZE. La t. 28 55' N. Tai-tong, city, China, of the first rank, in Chan- si, in a mountainous country, exposed to the in- cursions of the Tartars, it is well fortified. 155 m. W. Peking. Lon. 112 44' E. Lat. 40 5' N. Tafima, r. Spain, which runs into the Xarama, a little before its junction with the Tagus. Takmitzskaia, t. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the Ir- tisch, 36 m. S. Tara. Talagos, t. Africa, in Sierra Leone. Lon. 13" 40' VV. Lat. 10 U 20'N. Talavera la Real, t. Spain, in Estremadura, 13 m. S. E. Badajoz. r Talavera la Reyna, t. Spain, in New Castile, on the Tagus, 35 m. W. Toledo. Talaveruela or Talavera dt Badajos, t. Spain, in Estremadura, on the Guadiana, 9 m. E. Badajoz. Talbert Port, v. Upper Canada, on lake Erie, with a fine harbour, 120 m. from fort Erie. Talberfs Island. See Talbot Island. Talbot, co. Md. on the eastern shore of the Chesapeake, bounded N. by Queen Anne co. E, by Caroline and Dorchester counties, S. by Dor- chester co. and W. by Chesapeake bay. Pop. 14,389. Slaves 4,748. Engaged in agriculture 3,500, in commerce 182, in manufactures 675. Chief town, Easton. Talbot, isl. in the Atlantic, near the coast of Florida, 8 miles long, and 2 wide. Lou. 81 42' W. Lat. 30 36' N. Talcan, t. Asia, in Tokaristan, 100 m. S. E. Ter- med. Lon. 67 9' E. Lat. 36 45' N. Talcahuano, t. Chili, the port of Conception 6 m. distant, on the S. VV. side of the bay of Concep- tion. This bay is one of the largest and safest on the coast of the Pacific Ocean. It is 10 miles long from N. to S. and 9 from E. to W. The mouth of the bay opens towards the north, and is divided by the island of Quiriquina into t\ro channels; the east- ern and safest is two miles broad, and the A\ about a rnile and an half. Both have sufficient depth of water for the largest vessels. There ia good anchorage under the south side of the island of Quiriquina, but the best is at the S. W. ex- tremity of the bay, opposite the town of Talcahu- ano. Lon. 73 6' E. Lat. 36 42' N. T A M Talgarth, t. Wales, in Brecknock, 8 m. N. E. Brecknock, 160 W. London. Ta-li, city, China, of the first rank, in Yunnan, 1,205 m. S. W. Peking. Lon. 100 E. Lat. 25 45' N. Talihou, isl. France, with a lazaretto, 3 m. N. La Hogue. Lon. 1 9 W. Lat, 49 36' N. Talisse, isl. in the E. Indian sea, near the N. coast of Celebes. Lon. 124 50' E. Lat. 1 40' N. Talludu, t. Hind, in Golconda, 15 m. N. N. W. Calloor. Tallano, t. Corsica, 30m. S. S. W. Corte, 24 N. Bonifacio. Lon. 9" 1 1' E. Lat. 41 33' N. Taltapoosn, v. Alabama, -which unites with the Coosa, 3 miles below fort Jackson, to form the Al- abana. It is navigable 35 miles to the falls. Tallara, t. France, m Higher Alps, on the Du- rance, 9 m. S. Gap, 15 N. Sisteron. Tallka, t. Africa, in Bondou, 70 m. W. S. W. Fatteconda. Lon 11 40' W. Lat. 13 56'N. Tallmadge, p-t. Portage co. Ohio, 11 m. S. W. Ravenna. Here is an academy, a furnace, forge, and various mills. Pop. 742. Tallow, t. Ireland, in Waterford, 23 m. W. N. W. Cork, 32 W. S. W. Waterford. TalLilah, on the map Turoree, r. Georgia, the W. branch of the Tugaloo. It has rapids 10 miles from the junction of the river with the Cha- tooga. The river has here for more than a mile worn a passage through a ridge of mountains, in the course of which it descends by successive pitches not less than 300 feet. Talmay. t. France, in Cote d'Or, at the nnion of the Vigenne and the Saone. 18 in. N. E. Dijon. Pop. 1,112. Talnwnd, seaport, France, in Lower Charente, on the Gironde, 14 m. N. Bourdeaux. Taloney, station of the American Board of For- eign Missions among the Cherokees, on what is called the Federal road. Here is a prosperous school, established in 1820. 46 m. from Chata- hoochy river, 62 S. E. Brainerd. Taloo Harbour, on the N. coast of Eimeo, one of the Society islands. Lon. 210 E. Lat. 17 30' S. Talorka, r. Russia, which uniting with the Ana- lik, runs into thelrgis, 32 m. E.. Volsk. Tamaboo, small isl. near the W. coast of Bor- neo. Lon. 109 21 ' E. Lat. 7' N. Tamalameque, t. New Granada, on the Magda- lena, 160 m. S. St. Martha, 190 S. W. Maracaybo. Lon. 73 56' W. Lat. 8 40' N. Toman, the strait between the Black sea and the Sea of Azoph. Tamanah, seaport, Hind, on the coast of Mala- bar, 54 m. N. Goa. Lon. 73 15' E. Lat. 16 30' N. Tamar, r. Eng. which divides Devonshire from Cornwall, and runs into the sea below Plymouth. Tamar, r. Van Diemen's Land, which rises near the sources of the Derwent in the centre of the isl- and. It is formed of the North and South Esk and Elizabeth flowing from the E. the Macquarie and other streams arid pursuing a northerly course falls into Bass' straits at Dalrymple port. Tamara Isles, or Islands of Idols, near the coast of Sierra Leone. Lat. 8 40' N. Tamaraca, or Itamarica, district Brazil, in Per- nambuco. It has its name from an island on the coast, near the mouth of the river Tamaraca. The capital, called Nostra Segnora de Conr.tizao, or da Tamaraca, stands at the mouth of the river. Lat. 7 5? S. TAN- 751 Tamalamque, or Villa de las Palmas, t. New Granada, on the St. Martha, 25 m. S. Teneriffe. Tamba Awra, or Tambaoura, t. Africa, in Bam- bouk, 108 m. S. E. Gallam. Tambopalla, t. Peru, at the mouth of the Nom- bre de Dios. 48 m. S Arequipa. Lat. 17 10' S. Tambov, city, Russia, the see of a bishop. 228 m. S. E. Moscow, 572 S. E. Petersburg. Lon. 41 4'E. Lat. 52 43' N. Tambovskoe, government of Russia, bounded N. by Vladimir ; E. by Nischegorod, Penza, and Sara- tov ; S. by Saratov ; and W. by Riazan and Voro- nez ; about 200 miles long, and 100 broad. Tambro, r. Spain, which runs into the Atlantic, near Muros. Tame, r. Eng. which runs into the Thames, at Dorchester, in Oxfordshire, ; another town runs into the Trent, 7 m. above Burton. Tampa. See Hillsborough Bay. Tampico, seaport, Mexico, in a bay of the gulf of Mexico, 30 m. S. E. Panuco. Lon. 98 36' W. Lat. 22 40 ' N. Tampisco, r. Mexico, which runs into the Pacific ocean, in lat. 1038'N. Tamworth, t. Eng. at the conflux of the Anker and Tame, partly in Warwickshire, and partly in Staffordshire, 7m. S. E. Litchfield, 114 N. W. London. Lon. 141' W. Lat. 5238'N. Tamworth, p-t. Stafford co. N. H. 60 m. S. Con- cord. Pop. 1,442. Tanak Point, cape on the N. coast of Java. Lon. 108 36' E. Lat. 6 24' S. Tanakaka, small isl. near the S. W. coast of Ce- lebes. Lon. 1 19 42 ' E. Lat. 5 30' S. Tanalilzkaia, fort, Russia, in Upha, at the un- ion of (he Urdasim and Ural, 120 m.E. Orenburg. Tanaro, r. Italy, which passes by Coni, Cheras- co, Alba, Asti, Alexandria, &c. and joins the Po, 3 m. E. Valenza. Tancos, t. Portugal, in Estremadura, at the con- flux oftheZezare and the Tagus. 21 m. N. E, Santarem, 9 S. Thomar. Tanda, or Tanrah, t. Hind, for a short time the capital of Bengal, near the site of Gour, and now deserted. Tandla, t. Hind, in Malwah, 150 m. N. E. Su- rat. Lon. 74 30' E. Lat. 23 5' N. Taneytown, p-t. Frederick co. Md. 27 m. N. by E. Fredericktown, 71 from Washington. It con- tains a number of mills, and some iron works, 2 churches, and about 100 houses. Tangala, small isl. near the S. coast of Java. Lon. 111 45' E. Lat. 820 / S. Tangermunde, t. Prus?ian States, in Saxony, 24 m. N. Vlagdeburg, 51 W. Berlin. Lon. 12 2' E. Lat. 52 32' N. Pop. 3,250. Tanghoo, or Tenhoa, t. Tonquin, on a small riv- er near the W. coast of the gulf of Cochin China. Lat. 19 40' N. Tangiers, (an. Tingis, or Tinjia,} t. Fez, at the W. entrance of the straits of Gibraltar. The sit- uation is favourable to Moorish pirates, who from this, the narrowest part of the strait, may easily surprise merchant ships, that are incapable of de- fence. The bay of Tangiers is not safe when the wind is in the wesl. 108 m. N. N W. Fez, 38 W. N. W. Gibraltar. Lon. 550'W. Lat 35 42' N. Tangipao, r. Mississippi, which runs into lake Pontchartrain, 10 m. N. E. Manchac. Tangololango, seaport, Mexico, in Guaxaca, 100 m. S. E. Guaxaca, Lon. 97 36' W. Lat. 16* 8'N. 752 TAP Tangulaic, isl. in the Spanish Main, near the Mosquito shore. Lon. 83 a 55' W. Lat. 13 35' N. Tangut. See Thibet. Tanila, r. Mexico, which runs into the gulf of Mexico, in Ion. 95 6' W. lat. 18 10' N. Taninge, t. Savoy, 24 m. S. E. Geneva, 26 N. E. Annecy. Pop. 2,490. Tanjorc, country, Hind, included in the Carnat- ic, bounded N. and W. by part of the Carnatic, and E. and S. by the gulf of Bengal. Tanjore, t Hind, and cap. of the above, situated in a plain between two branches of the Cauvery. The English Christian Knowledge Society have a missionary here, assisted by three native priests. 176 m. S. E. Seringapatam, 156 S. S. W. Madras. Lon. 79 W E. Lat. 10 46' N. Tankrowal, t. Africa, in Kaen, near the river Gambia. Lon. 14 27" W. Lat. 13 10' N. Tanna, isl. in the Pacific, one of the New He- brides, 22 miles long. Lon. 169 44' E. Lat. 19 Tanna, t. Hind. cap. of the island of Salsette. See Bombay. Tanna, or Thann, t. Germany, in Reuss-Loben- stein, 17m. S. VV. Greitz, 20 S. Gera. Lon. 11 57' E. Lat. 50 25' N. Tanna Belloo, small isl. near the E. coast of Bor- neo. Lon. 1 13 21' E. Lat. 4 52' N. Tanna Mera, small isl. near the E. coast of Bor- neo. Lon. 1 1 T 5' E. Lat. 3 45' N. Tannaser, t. Hind, in Delhi, 45 m. N. E. Hissar. Lon. 76 20' E. Lat. 29 31' N. Tannenberg, t. Prussia, 6 m. S. S. W. Hoheii- stein, 15 S. E. Osterrod. Tanner'* Creek, r. Indiana, which runs into the Ohio, 2 m. below Lawrenceburg. Tanore, t. Hind, in Calicut, 25m. S.S. E.Calicut. Lon. 7554'E. Lat. 1058'N. Tanquanemon, r. Michigan Ter. which runs in- to Lake Superior, 30 m. W. St. Mary's river. Tantalum, or Ligor, isl. at the entrance of the gulf of Siam, 139 miles in circumference. Lon. 100 50' E. Lat. 8 10' N. Ta?i-tumqueri. t. Africa, on the Gold coast. Lon. 1 54' W. Lat. 5 20' N. Taoneroa. See Poverty Bay. Taoo, one of the Friendly islands. Taormina, t. Sicily in the Val Demona, on the E. coast, on a rocky hill, and much celebrated for its marble and excellent wine. 27 m. S. S. W. Messina, 24 N. N. E. Catania. Lon. 15" 23' E. Lat. 37 51' N. Pop. 3,000. Taouka, one of the Society islands. Tapajos, r. Brazil, which rises in the mountains of Chiquitos, and flowing N. more than 1,000 miles joins the Amazon. Taparica, isl. at the entrance of All Saints' bay, on the coast of Brazil. Lat. 13 S. Tapiau, t. Prussia, on the Pregel, 20m. E. S. E. Konigsherg. Lon. 21 IS' E. Lat. 54 36' N. T. Temsena, province, Morocco, on the coast of the Atlantic, to the south of Sallee. Tenasserim, t. Lower Siam, 44 m. S. E. Mergui. Lon. 98 50' E. Lat. 11 35' N. Tenasserim, isl. near the coast of Siam. Lon. 97 20' E. Lat. 12 28' N. Tenbury, or Tembury, t. Eng. in Worcester- shire, on the Teme, J9 m. N. W. Worcester, 130 N. W. London. Lon. 2 26' W. Lat. 52" 21' N. Tenby, or Tenbigh, s-p. Wales, in Pembroke, at the head of a small bay, 12 m. E. Pembroke, 233 W. London. Lon. 5 8' W. Lat. 51 38' N. Tench's Island, isl. in the Pacific Ocean. Lon. 150 31' E. Lat. 1 39' S. Tenda, t Africa, cap. of a country of the same name, on the right bank of the Gambia. Lon. 11 55' W. Lat. 13 2' N. Tenda, t. Piedmont, situated at the union of the Roia and Brogna, 22 m. N. E. Nice, 17 S. Coni. Tenedos, i?I. in the Grecian Archipelago, about 20 m. in circumference, near the coast of Asia, and the Dardanelles. Its position near the mouth of the Hellespont has always made it important. Vessels bound to Constantinople find shelter in its ports. The principal article of export is wine. The town of Tenedos contains 6,000 inhabitants. Lon. 26" E. Lat. 39 53' N. Tenember, isl. in the E. Indian Sea, 12 miles long and 3 broad. Lon. 132 45' E. Lat. 6 30' S. 7 T enen,or Knin, t. Dalmatia, on the borders of Bosnia, and the see of a bishop, 48 m. S. Bihacs. Teneriffe, one of the Canary islands. The form is triangular ; the nearest point is about eighty leagues from the coast of Africa. The celebrated peak of Teneriffe is 12,176 feet above the level of the sea. Although the top appears sharp, yet it is flat for the extent of an acre of ground, in the cen- tre of which is a dreadful volcano, which frequent- ly breaks out into flames, so violent as to shake the whole island. Smoke constantly issues from the mountain, near its summit, but no eruption has occurred since 1704, when the port of Garra- chico was destroyed, and the harbor filled by the lava. The island is divided in the middle by a ridge of mountains, which have been compared to the roof of a church, the peak forming the spire or steeple in the centre. A large part of the island is rocky, but the remainder produces wheat, rye, barley and the vine. The quantity of wine yield- ed annually is from 20,000 to 24,000 pipes. See Canaries. Lon. of the Peak, according to Capt. Cook, 16 43' 33" W. Lat; 28 18' N. Teneriffe, t. S. America, in Caraccas, 80 m. S. S W. St. Martha, 70 S. E. Carthagena. Lon. 74 30' W. Lat. 10 2' N. Tennessee, one of the U. S. bounded N. by Ken- tucky ; E. by North Carolina ; S. by Georgia, Al- abama, and Mississippi ; and W. by Mississippi river which separates it from Arkansas territory. It lies between 35 and 36 30' N. lat. and between 81 30' and 90 lO 7 W. Ion. It is 430 miles long, 104 broad, and contains 40,000 square miles, or 25,600,000 acres. Pop. in 1790, 35,691 ; in 1800, 105,602 ; in 1810, 261,727 ; and in 1820, 422,505. Slaves 80,097. Engaged in agriculture 101,919, in commerce 882, in manufactures 7,860. Num- ber of militia in 1821, 36,146. The Cumberland mountains run from S. W. to N. E. through the centre of the atate, and divide TEN it into East and West Tennessee. East Tennessee is intersected by mountains, but the vallies be- tween the ridges are fertile. West Tennessee is partly level and partly hilly, and contains much fertile soil, particularly on the banks of of the rivers. The principal productions are cotton, to- bacco, wheat, hemp, and Indian corn. The three first are exported in large quantities. The usual route to a market is down the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers to the Ohio, and thence down the Ohio and Mississippi to New Orleans. This course is very circuitous, and it is expected that a road or canal will soon be formed, connecting Tennessee river with some of the branches of the Tombigbee, which will shorten the distance to the Gulf of Mexico more than one half. Cattle are raised in large numbers in East Tennessee, and sent to the seaports on the Atlantic. Foreign goods imported into the state have hitherto been brought from Philadelphia and Baltimore to East Tennessee in waggons ; and to West Tennessee, principally in waggons as far as Pittsburg, and thence by water down the Ohio and up the Cum- berland. The climate of Tennessee is generally healthy. The season of vegetation commences 6 or 7 weeks sooner than in New-Hampshire, and continues as much later. Snow falls seldom, and does not lie long. Ten inches is a deep snow, and 10 days an extraordinary term for its duration. Cumberland river has been frozen but 3 or 4 times since the settlement of the country. The western part of the state, included between Tennessee and Missis- sippi rivers, was recently in possession of the Chickasaws, but has been ceded by them to the United States. The Cherokees own that part of the State which lies S. of the Hiwassee and Ten- nessee rivers. The legislature consists of a senate and house of representatives, the members of which, together with the governor, are chosen biennially in Au- gust. The principal denominations of Christians are Methodists, Baptists, and Presbyterians. There are nominally 4 colleges in the state : 1 at Greenville, 1 at Knoxville, 1 at Nashville, and 1 in Washington county. Tennessee, r. U. States, formed by several branches which rise in the western parts of Vir- ginia and the Carolinas, and unite a little west of Knoxville. It runs S. W. through the state of Tennessee into Alabama ; it then turns and runs N. W. through Tennessee into Kentucky, and emp- ties itself into the Ohio near its mouth. Its course resembles the letter V. It is navigable to the Muscle Shoals, 259 miles, at all seasons of the year. Here it spreads out, and becomes so shal- low, that it is difficult for boats to pass, when the water is low. Above the shoals there is no ob- struction for 250 miles, till you come to the Suck or Whirl, where the river breaks through the Cumberland mountains. The river is here com- pressed to a width of about 70 yards. Just as it enters toe mountain, a large rock projects from the northern shore, which causes a sudden bend in the the water is thrown with great violence and rapidity against the southern shore, whence it rebounds around the point of the rock, and produ- ces the whirl. Bouts ascend and descend the whirl witRout much danger or difficulty. Tennessee nd%e, separates the waters of the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers. Tennis, t. Egypt, on an island in a lake of the T E R 757 same name, 28 m. S. E. Damietta. Lon. 32 14' E. 31 2' N. Tennis, or Tniss, s-p. Algiers, at the mouth of a river. 24 m. W. Shershell, 1 10 W. Algiers. Lonl IMO'E. Lat.3633'N. Tensaw, r. Alabama, the eastern outlet of Mo- bile river. It leaves the main stream 7 m. below Fort Stoddert, and passing by Blakely, flows into Mobile bay 6 m. E. of the western outlet. Tensaw, p-t. Washington co. Alabama, near Mobile bay. Tensaw, r. Louisiana, which joins the Wachitta on the E. opposite mouth of the Ocatahoola. Tenremonde. See Dendermonde. Tensladt, t. Prussian States, Saxony, 11 m. N. W. Erfurt, 14 E, Mulhausen. Lon. 10 55' E. Lat. 51 8' N. Pop. 2,300. . Ten-tcheou, city, China, in Chan-tong, on the sea shore, with a convenient harbour, 250 m. S. E. Peking. Lon. 120 44' E. Lat. 37 48' N. Tenterden, t. Eng. in Kent, remarkable for its lofty steeple, 26 m. E. S. E. Tunbridge, 56 S. E. London. Lon. 41' E. Lat. 51 4' N. Pop. 2,786. Tepiru, t. Buenos Ayres, 18 m. N. W. St. Yago del Estero. Tepkas, Russian settlement in N. America, on Beering's Strait. Lon. 1 12 4' E. Lat. 66 N. Teplits, t. Bohemia, 14 m. W. N. W. Leitme- ritz. Tequendamah falls. See Bogota, Rio de. Ter, r. Spain, which runs into the Mediterra- nean, 20 m. E. Gerona. Teramo, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra ; the see of a bishop, 22 m. N. N. E. Aquila, 108 N. Naples. Lon. 13 49' E. Lat. 42 37' N. Terane, t. Egypt, on the W. branch of the Nile, 18 m. N. W. Cairo, 48 S. Faoua. Lon. 30 45' E. Lat. 30 30' N. Ttrcera, or Terceira, one of the Azores Islands, 54 m. in circumference. The only tolerable port is the harbour of Angra. The island is pleasant, healthy and fertile, producing excellent vines, wheat, lemons, oranges, &c. Lon. 27 6' W. Lat. 38 45' N. Pop. about 25,000. Terchiz, or Tershiz, t. Persia, in Chorasan, for- merly a celebrated fortress, 120 m. W. N. W. He- rat. Lon. 57 12' E. Lat. 35 N. Tergovits, or Tergovista, t. and cap. of Walla- chia, 64 m. S. E. Hermannstadt, 180 E. N. E. Bel- grade. Lon. 25 29' E. Lat. 45 3' N. Pop. 5,000. Turki, or Terek, or Turk, r. Russia, which runs into the Caspian Sea, near Turkin. Terki. See Turkin. Termed, or Tarmad, t. Grand Bukharia, at the union of two large rivers, whose united streams form the Jihon, 130 m. S. Sumarcand, 50 N. Balk. Lon. 65 48' E. Lat. 37 30' N. Termeh, or Karmili, r. A. Turkey, which runs into the Black Sea, 30 m. N. E. Samsoun. Termination Island, isl. on the S. W. coast of New Holland. Lon. 122 8' E. Lat. 34 32' S. Termini, t. Sicily, on the N. coast, celebrated for its warm baths, 18 m. E. Palermo. Lon. 13" 45' E. Lat. 38 5' N. Pop. 10,000. Termini. See Te.rmoli. Ttrmoli, or Termini, t. Naples, in Capitanata ; the see of a bishop. 57 in. W. Vieste, 84 N. N. E. Naples. Lon. 15 5' E. Lat. 42 2' N. Tern, r. Eng. which runs into the Severn, 7 m, below Shrewsbury. Ternate, isl. in the E. Indian sea, and the princi- 758 T E S pal tf the Moluccas or Spice Islands, of a circular form, and nbout 18 m. in circumference. In the centre is a lofty volcanic mountain. The produc- tions are cocoa-nuts, bananas, yams, oranges, and other fruits; but the principal article of com- merce is cloves. Lon. lv7 10' E. Lat. 50' N. Ter/iay, Bay of, bay on the E. coast of Chinese Tartary. Lon. 137 29' E. Lat. 45 13' N. Terneuse, t. Flanders, on the W. branch of the Scheld, called the Hundt, 12 m. S. E. Flushing, 26 W. N. W. Antwerp. 7'erat, (an. Inleramnium,} t. Popedom, in the dutchy of Spoleto, between two arms of the Nera. It is well built, and the see of a bishop. 14 m. S. S. W. Spoleto, 40 N . Rome. Lon. 12 37 ' E. Lat. 4234'N. Pop. 7,000. Tcrnora, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria, 95 m. E. Soph. a, 200 N. W. Constantinople. Lon. 25" 24 E. Lat. 43 N. Ternova, t. Eu. Turkey, in Thessaly, on the Pe- neus, 5m W. N. W. Larissa. Terra Australis del Kspiritu Santo, isl. in the Pacific ocean, and the most westerly as well as the largest of those called New Hebrides, 60 miles long and 30 broad. Lon. 166 45' to 167 32' E. Lat. 14 40 'to 1540'S. Terra Firma, a name formerly applied to the country now called New Granada. Terra del Fuego, "thelandofjirc,"isl. separa- ted from the southern extremity of America by the straits of Magellan. The country is dreary and uncomfortable, consisting of a chain of stupendous rocks, continually covered with snow. Lon. 51 20' to 58 W. Lat. 52 30 'to 55 35 'S. Terra firma of Mingan, seignory, extending from Cape Cormorant, in Northumberland co. Lower Canada, along the Labrador channel, to Goynish river in Labrador. Terracina, (an. Anxur?) t. Popedom, in the Campagna di Roma, in a fruitful but marshy country. It had once a harbour, which is now choked up. 20 m. W. Sezza, 47 S. E. Rome. Pop. 9,000. Terra JVbra, seaport, Sicily, in a gulf of the Mediterranean, 50 m. W. Syracuse, 14 E. S. E. Alicata. Lon. 14 10' E. Lat. 37 N. Pop, 7,500. Terra Nuova, t. Sardinia, on a bay of the Med- iterranean, 57 m. E. N. E. Sassari, 102 N. Caglia- ri. Lon. 9 40 ' E. Lat. 40 52 ' N. Terrasson, t. France, in Dordogne, 25 m. E. Perigueux. Lon. 1 22' E. Lat. 45 7' N. Terre aux Boeufs, settlement, Louisiana, just above the English turn, in the river Mississippi. Terre bonne, seignory, Effingham co. Lower Qanada, 15 m. N. W. Montreal. Terre Haute, p-v. Vigo co. Indiana, on a tract of high prairie land, on the E. bank of the Wabash, 3 m. below Fort Harrison. Terressa, one of the Nicobar islands, about 15 miles long. Lon. 93 3fi ' E. Lat. 8 20 ' N. Terriore, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 24 m. N. Trichinopoli, 87 S. W. Pondicherry. Lon. 70 45 'E. Lat. 11I2'N. Terryrille, p-v. Mecklenburg co. Va. Teniel, t. Spain, in Arragon, at the conflux of the Guadalaviar and the Alhambra; the see of a bishop ; 72 m. S. Saragossa, 134 E. Madrid. Lon. VW. Lat. 40 32 ' N. Pop. 5,200. Tcschen, or Teissin, t. Austrian Silesia, which gives name to a circle. It is on the Elsa, partly in a valley, and partly on a hill, and surrounded by a rnorass ; 26 m. S. E. Ratibor, 30 E. Troppau. Lon. 18 41' E. Lat. 49 43' N. Pop. 5,379. TEX Jesegdelt, t. Morocco, 80 m. W. N. W. Morocco - Tesino, r. Italy, which rises in Mount St. Go- thard, and passing through lake Maggiore. falls into the Po, at Pavia. It forms the boundary be- tween Sardinia and the Lombardo- Venetian king- dom. Tesino, or Tessin, t. Tyrol, 24 m. N. E. Trent, 29 S. E. Bolzano. Tcsoro, isl. in Uie Spanish Main, near the coast of S. America. Lon. 75 46 ' W . Lat. 10 8 ' N. Testa di Jtforo, small isl. near the E. coast of Sardinia. Lon. 9 53' E. Lat. 40 45' N. Testigos, Los, islands, 10 leagues from the con- tinent of S. America. Lon. 62" 5' W. Lat. 11 25 'N. Tet, r. France, which runs into the Mediterra- nean, 7 m. E Perpignan. Tele de Buck, La, t. France, in Gironde, on the S. side of a large bay, called The Harbor of Ar- cachon, the entrance of which is dangerous ; 30 m. S. W. Bourdeaux. Telhuroa, isl. in the Pacific ocean, subject to Otaheite, 24 m. N. W. Point Venus. Lon. 149* 30 'W. Lat. 17 4 'S. Teton, r. Missouri Territory, which flows into the Missouri, 1,263 m. from the Mississippi. Tetrina, t. Russia, in Archangel, near the White sea, 100 m. N. N. W.Archangel. Telschin, or Tetzin, or Dietschin, t. Bohemia, on the Elbe, 40 m. N. Prague. Lon. 14 17 ' E. Lat. 50 46 ' N. Tettnang, t. Wurtemberg, 8 m. N. Lindau, 18 E. N. E. Constance. Pop. 1,300. Tettua Motu, cape on the E. coast of New Zea- land, the N. E. point of Poverty bay. Lon. 181 30 W. Lat. 38 36' N. Tetuan, or Tetteget, or Tttewen, t. Africa, on the coast of Fez, m. from the Mediterranean, in- habited by Moors and Jews, 30 m. S. E. Tangiers. Lon. 5 20' W. Lat. 35 30' N. Pop. 5,000. Tetyan Head, cape on the W. coast of the island of Mindanao. Lon. 124 36' E. Lat. 7 20 N. Teuchern,i Prussian states, in Saxony, in Thu- ringia, 18 m. S. W. Loipsic. Pop. 700. Teuffen, t. Switzerland, in Appenzel, 6 m. N.N. W. Appenzel, 4 S. S. E. St. Gall. Teujing, or Tauzim, t. Bohemia, 22 m. N. W. Pilsen. Lon. 13 5' E. Lat. 50 2' N. Teupitz, t. Prussian states, 20 m. S. Berlin. Lon. 13 30' E. Lat. 52 5' N. Tuerert, t. Fez, on the borders of Algiers, 40 m. E. N. E. Teza. Lon. 3 30' W. Lat, 34 2 ' N. Teuschnils, t. Bavaria, 34 m. N. E. Bamberg, 12 N. Culmbach. Lon. 1 1 30' E. Lat. 50 23' N, Tewkesbury, t. England, in Gloucester, at the conflux of the Severn and the Avon. Near this town was fought a most bloody battle between the parties of York and Lancaster, which put a final period to the power of the latter. Tewkesbury is at present chiefly dislinguished for its manufac- ture of stockings. It sends two members to par- liament. 1 1 m. N. E. Gloucester, 104 W. London. Lon. 2 9' W. Lat. 52 2' N. Pop. 4,820. Tewksbury, t. Quebec co. Lower Canada, on the N. side of the St. Lawrence, 20 m. N. Quebec. Tewksbury, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. 23 m. N. Boston. Pop. 1,008. Tewksbury, t. Hunterdon co. N. J. Pop. 1,490. Texas, (pronounced Ta-us,} country, North America, bounded E. by Louisiana ; S. E. by the gulf of Mexico ; W. and S. W. by the Rio del Norte ; N. and N. E. by Red River. Its greatest length is 800 miles, its greatest breadth 600, and T H A its area 240,000 square miles. According to the late treaty, it is wholly included in the Spanish dominions. The air is pure, serene and health- ful Though taken as a whole it cannot be con- sidered a fertile country, yet there are many fine tracts. Red River and several other streams will probably admit of settlements through their whole extent. Several large masses of native iron have been found near the head waters of Rio Brasses. In 1810, a party of adventurers succeeded in bring- ing off the largest mass several hundred miles to Red River, whence it was conveyed by water and is now in JNew-York, in the possession of Col. George Gibbs. The other masses have never been removed. Texel, or Tessel, isl. Holland, about 1 1 miles long and 6 broad, at the mouth of the Zuyder Zee, with a capacious and good hat bor, and a fort which commands the entrance ; besides a town of the same name, it contains 6 villages; the land is fertile in pasture, and the whole well secured with dykes of prodigious strength and height. Near this island was the celebrated sea-fight, between the fleet of Holland, under A'dmiral Martin Har- pertz Tromp, and that of England, under Admiral Blake, in 1653, in which Tromp was killed. Lon. 440'E. Lat. 53 5 ' N. Teya, r. Austria, which passes through a part of Moravia, and runs into the Marsch, 11 m. N. E. Zistersdorf. Teea, I. Fez, 50 m. N. N. E. Fez, 60 S. E. Te- tuan. Lon. 4 15 ' W. Lat 34 5 ' N. Tezcuco, t. Mexico, 15 m E. Mexico. Teszoute, t. Algiers, supposed to be the ancient Lambesa. The ruins are nearly 3 leagues in cir- cuit. 70 m. S. S. W. Constantina, 140 S. E. Al- giers. Lon. 5 58' E. Lat. 35 24' N. Thainee, (an. Thena,} t. Tunis, on the coast, 50 m. S. S. W. El Medea, 69 S. S. E. Cairoan. Thais, t. France, 6 m. S. S. E. Paris. Thalmessing, or Thalmessingen, t. Germany, 31 m. S. E. Anspach, 12 N. Aichstatt. Lon. 1 1 10' E. Lat.49l'N. Thame, or Tame, t. Eng, in Oxford, on the Tame, which is navigable for barges, 13 m. E. Oxford, 45 N. W. London. Lon. 53' E. Lat. 51 45' N. Thames, r. England, which rises about 3 miles S. from Cheltenham, and passing by Lechdale, Oxford, Abingdon, Mario w, Windsor, Staines, Kingston, Richmond, Brentford, Westminster, London, Greenwich, Woolwich, Gravesend, &c. falls into the German ocean. The tide runs as far up as Richmond, about 70 miles from the sea. Large merchant ships go up to London, and bar- ges as far as Lechdale. Thames, r. Upper Canada, which runs into lake St. Clair, in Ion. 82 10' W. Lat. 42 45' N. Thames, r. Ct. which properly rises in Masha- pang pond in the town of Union, and first passes into Massachusetts ; it then turns to the S. and re-enters Connecticut, pursuing a southerly course till it falls into Long Island Sound at New London. From its source to its junction with the Shetucket it is called Quinebaug, and from this point to the junction of Norwich river it is called Shetucket. It is navigable for sea ves- sels to Norwich 14 miles. Thamsbruck, or Thomasbruck, t. Prussian Saxo- ny, 8 m. S. E. Mulhausen, 16 W. N. W. Erfurt. Lon. 1042'E. Lat. 51 5' N. Pop. 1,050. Thanet, Island of, Eng. the S. E. part of the ounty of Kent, divided from the rest of the county T H I 759 by the river Stour. The principal towns are Mar- gate and Ramsgate. Thannhausen, t. Germany, 22 m. E. Ulm. Lon. 10 28' E. Lat. 48 15' N. Thaso, isl. of the Grecian archipelago, in the gulf of Contessa, formerly famous for its rich gold mines. Lon. 24 46' E. Lat. 40 34' N. Thatcham, t. Eng. in Berks, 52 m. W. London. Thatcher'' s Island, small isl. off the coast of Mass. 1 m. E. Cape Ann. Thaxted, t. Eng. in Essex, 43 m. N. N. E. Lon- don. Lon. 20' E. Lat. 31 58' N. Theakiki. See Kankakee. Titebes. See Thiva and Luxor. Thedinghausen, t. Germany, in Brunswick, 12 m. N. N. W. Hoya. Pop. 1,500. Themar, t. Germany, in Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, on the Werra, 12 m. S. E. Meinungen. Pop. 1,300 Thenezay, t. France, in Two Sevres, 10m. N. E. Partenay, 7 S. E. Airvault. Thengen, t. Baden, 22 m. N. W. Constance, 8 N. Schaffhausen. Theodosia. See Caffa. Theopolis, station of the London Missionary So- ciety, Cape of Good Hope, 60 m. N. E. Bethels- dorp, 560 E. Capetown. Therasia, small isl. in the Grecian archipelago, separated from the N. W. coast of Santorin by a narrow channel, 3 m. N. St. Nicolo. Thermia, isl. in the Grecian archipelago, 12 miles long, abounding with hot springs. It pro- duces large quantities of barley, wine, figs, honey, wax, fine silk, and cotton. Pop. 6,000, Greek Christians. Lon. 24 32 E. Lat. 37 20' N. Therouenne, t. France, in straits of Calais, on the Lys, 6 m. S. St. Omer, 4 W. Aire. Thessalon, r. Up. Canada, which runs into lake Huron, in Ion. 82 28' W. lat. 46 9' N. Thessaly, province, Eu. Turkey, bounded N. by Macedonia, E. by the Archipelago, S. by Li- vadia, and W. by Livadia and Epire ; anciently called Thessalia, Pelasgia, and Pyrrhea, and now by the Turks Janna. It was sometimes annexed to Macedonia. Among its mountains are the cel- ebrated Olympus, Pelion, and Ossa. Here also are the plains of Pharsalia, and the delightful val- ley of Tempe. The country is fertile, producing oranges, citrons, lemons, pomegranates, grapes, figs, and melons. Thetford, t. Eng. on the Lesser Onse, partly in Norfolk and parly in Suffolk. Its chief manufac- ture is woollen cloth. It returns 2 members to parliament. 29 m. S. W. Norwich, 80 N. E. London. Lon. 45' E. Lat. 52 25' N. Pop. 2,450. Thetford, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, 45 m. S. Quebec. Thetford, p-t. Orange co. Vt. on Connecticut river, 28 m. above Windsor. Pop. 1,915. Theux, t. Netherlands, 3 m. N. W. Spa. Pop. 3,000. Beautiful marble is found in the vicinity, Theysse, r. rises in the E. of Hungary, and rum into the Danube, 19 m. N. W. Belgrade. Thibet, country, Asia, including Bootan, ex- tends from the source of the Indus to the borders of China, and from Hindoostan to the deserts of Cobi, 1,500 miles long from E. to W. It lies be- tween Ion. 70 an0 100 E. and between lat. 26* and 28 N. Sq. miles, 400,000. Pop. estimated by Hassel at 12 or 16,000,000. Little Thibet, which is situated between Thibet and Cashgar, is not connected with this country. Thibet is gov- 7GO T H O erned by the grand lama, who is sovereign pon- tiff of the greater part of Chinese and Independent Tartary. The great lama resides near the city of Lassa, and receives the adoration of the natives, as well as of numberless foreigners, who under- take long and painful journies to pay him hom- age. Besides the great lama, who is the head of religion, and sovereign of Thibet, there are other princes, who have cities, and many subjects under them. Thibet is now ranked among the tributa- ry dominions of the emperor of China. The most valuable productions are the goat, from the wool or hair of which the fine shawls of Cashmere are made ; the yak, or ox of Tibet and Tartary, dis- tinguished by the profusion of soft hir, in some parts resembling wool, and by the large tails of glossy hair, which under the name of chowries, are in universal demand over India ; gold, silver, quicksilver, copper, iron and many other mine- rals. Bootan produces rice, wine and a great va- riety of fruits. Lassa is the capital. Thiel, or Tiel, city, Netherlands, in Guelder- land, on the N. side of the Wahal, 18 m. N. N. E. Bois le Due, 5 W. Nimeguen. Pop. 3,731. Thielle, r. Switzerland, which runs into the Aar, 3m. below Buren. Thiers, t. France, in Puy-de-Dome. Here are manufactures of cutlery, playing cards, paper, thread, &c. 21 m. S. E. Gannat, 20 E. Clermont. Lon. 3 38' E. Lat. 45 52' N. Pop. 10,605. Thionville, t. France, in Moselle, on the Mo- selle, 3i posts N. Metz, 39i E. N. E. Paris. Lon. 6 15' E. Lat. 49 21' N. Pop. 5,413. Thirlwal Castle, a boundary fortress between England and Scotland, on the Pict's Wall, 3m. N. W. Haltwesel. Thirsk, or Thrusk, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 41 m. W. Scarborough, 230 N. London. Lon. 1 23' W. Lat. 54 13' N. Thirsty Sound, inlet on the N. E. coast of New Holland. Lon. 210 18' W. Lat. 22 10' S. Thirtymile, or Dead river, r. Maine, which runs into the Androscoggin, in Livermore. Thiva, or Stibes, (an. Thebes,) t. Eu. Turkey, in Livadia, on a rising ground between 2 small riv- ers, 28 m. W. N. W. Athens, 32 S. E. Livadia. Lon. 23 34' E. Lat. 38 25' N. Pop. 4,500. Thizy, t. France, in Rhone, 27 m. N. W. Lyons. Pop. 969. Thoco, isl. in the Grecian Archipelago, near the coast of Greece. Lon. 23 21' E. Lat. 37 20' N. Thomar, t. Portugal, in Estremadura, 63 m. N. E. Lisbon. Lon. 8 8' W. Lat. 39 34' N. Thomas'* Creek, r. S.Carolina, which runs into the Great Pedee, 1 m. from Chatham. Thomas fork, r. Missouri, which flows E. and falls into Black river. Thomaslown, i. Ireland, in Kilkenny, 16 m. N. Waterford, 8 S. S. E. Kilkenny. Thomaslown, p-t. Lincoln co. Maine, on the W. side of Penobscot bay, at its entrance, 36 m. E. Wiscasset, 85 E. N. E. Portland, 203 N. E. Bog- ton. It is a flourishing town, and exports large quantities of lime and lumber. The Legislature in 1823 authorised the erection of a state prison at this place, and appropriated for the purpose a sum not exceeding $-30,000. Pop. 2,651. Thompson, p-t. Windham co. Ct. 46 m. E. N. E. Hartford. Pop. 928. Thompson, t. and cap. Sullivan co. N. Y. 34 m. from Newburgh, 22 from Delaware river. Pop. 1,897. Thompson, t. Delaware co. Ohio. Pop. 173. T H K Thompson, t. Geauga co. Ohio. Pop. 324, Thompson, t. Sanduskyco. Ohio. Pop. 162. Thompson's creek, r. Feliciana co. Louisiana, runs into the Mississippi, 7 miles below Point Coupee. Thompson's Island, or Key West, small isl. U. S. off the S. coast of Florida, 7 miles long and 2 broad, with a good harbor. 75 m. N. by W. from Havannah, 30 from the mainland of Florida. Thompson's salt-works, p-v. Jefferson co. Ohio. Thomp&ontown, p-v. Mifflin <-o. Pa. Thonon, or Tonon, t. Savoy, on the lake of Ge- neva, 18 m. N. E. Geneva. Lon. 6 32' E. Lat. 4618 / N. Pop. 3,000. Thorn, city, Prussia, on the Vistula. It is de- fended by a fine double wall and moats, tt was formerly strongly fortified, and was a place of very considerable trade, and one of the principal of the Hanse towns. But it has now declined, the river having become so shallow that ships of burden cannot come up to the city. 70 m. S. Dantzic. Lon. 18 30' E. Lat. 52 55' N. Pop. 8,371. Thorn, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 31 m. S. York, 166 N. London. Lon. 1 W. Lat. 53 40' N. Thorn,t. Perry co. Ohio, 6 m. N. W. Somerset. Pop. 1,031. Thornbury, t. Eng. in Gloucester, 12m. N. Bris- tol, 121 W. London. Thornbury, t. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 202. Thornbury,t. Delaware co. Pa. Pop. 537. Thorndike, t. Hancock co. Maine. Pop. 433. Thorndike, t. Portage co. Ohio. Pop. 277. Thorney Abbey, t. Eng. in Cambridge, 6 m. N. E. Peterborough, 87 N. London. Thorney Island, small isl. in the bay of the Eng- lish channel, near the coast of Sussex, 7m. S. VV. Chichester. Thornton, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 12 m. N. Settle. Thornsburg, p-v. Spottsylvania co. Va. Thornton, t. Graf ton co. N. H. 55 m. N. Con- cord. Pop. 857. Thornton's gap, p-v. Culpepper co. Va. Thornville, p-t. Perry qo. Ohio, 9m. N. W. Somerset. Thorold, t. Lincoln co. Upper Canada, on Chip- peway river. Thoroe, small isl. of Denmark, in the Little Belt, near the island of Funen. Lon. 9 53' E. Lat. 55 15' N. Thorp Arch, v. Eng. in Yorkshire, 3 m. S. E. Wetherby. Thorshaven, s-p. of the island of Stromoe, and capital of all the Faroer islands. Thouars, t. France, in Two Sevres, 31 m. W. Poitiers, 39 N. Niort. Lon. 8' W. Lat. 46 58' N. Pop. 2,035. Thousand Islands, small islands in the Straits of Sunda. Lon. 106 33' E. Lat. 5 33 S. Thousand Islands, small islands in the river St. Lawrence, a little below Lake Ontario. Thrapslon, t. Eng. in Northampton, 18 m. N. E. Northampton, 75 N. London. Lon. 32' W. Lat. 52 25' N. Three Brothers, 3 small islands in the Indian sea, near the E. coast of Madagascar. Lon. 51 10' N. Lat. 1320'S. Three Brothers, 3 small islands in the E. Indian sea. Lon. 132* 15' E. Lat. 5 30' S. Three Brothers, 3 small islands in the Atlantic, near Prince's Island. Lon. 7 E. Lat. 1 32' N. Three Brothers, 3 small islands in the E. Indian sea, near the W. coast of Amboyna. Lon. 128 18' E. Lat. 3 39' S. T H W Three Brothers, small islands near the S. W. uoast of Celebes. Lon. 1 1 9 38' E. Lat. 5 25' S. Three Kings, isl. in the Pacific ocean, near the N. coast of New Zealand. Lon. 172 12 E. Lat. 34 12' S. Three Rivers, (Trots Rivieres,) t. Lower Cana- da, on the N. bank of the St. Lawrence, at the mouth of the river St. Maurice, which here di- vides and enters the St. Lawrence by three chan- nels. It was formerly the capital of the province, and the centre of the fur trade. It contains two churches, 1 for Roman Catholics and 1 for Episco- palians. On the St. Maurice are the falls of Sha- winnegame, a beautiful cataract of 100 feet de- scent. 84 m. S. W. Quebec, 96 N. E. Montreal. Pop. 2,500. Three Sisters, 3 small islands on the W. side of Chesapeake bay, N. of Parker's island. Threshold Point, cape on the N. W, coast of New Guinea. Lon. 132 E. Lat. 37 S. Thrum Cap Island, small island in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 139 48' W. Lat. 18 35' S. Tkrushel, r. Eng. which runs into the Tamer, opposite Launceston. Thuin, t. Netherlands, on the Sambre, 14 m, S. E. Mons, 48 W. S. VV. Liege. Lon. 4 21' E. Lat. 50 D 20'N. Pop. 2,706. Thule, (Southern,') a part of Sandwich Land, in the Atlantic ocean, and the most southerly land yet discovered. Lon. 27 45' W. Lat. 59 34' S. Thwn, t. Saxony, 7 m. S. Chemnitz, 36 W. S. W. Dresden. Lon. 12 50' E. Lat. 50 37' N. T/tun, t. Swisserland, in Berne, 20 m. S. E. Berne. Lon. 7 31' E. Lat. 46 44' N. Thun, lake, Swisserland, in Berne, 12 miles long. 15 m. S. S. E. Berne. Thunder bay, large bay of Michigan Ter. on the VV. coast of Lake Huron. N. of Saganaw bay. Thungtn. See Tiengen. Thunoe, isl. Denmark, off the coast of J utland. Lon. 10 27' E. Lat. 55 58' N. 77m r, r. Switz. which runs into the Rhine, 7 m. S. S. W. Scaffhausen, Thurgau, canton Switzerland, bounded N. by Germany and the Lake of Constance, E. by the Lake of Constance, S. by St. Gall, and W. by Zu- rich and Scaffhausen. Pop. 74,000, one third of whom are Catholics, and the rest Calvinists. Thuringeru-ald, mts. Germany, extending through the Saxe and part of the Prussian domin- ions. Thuringia, formerly a circle of Saxony, lying between the Saale and the Werra. Thurles, t. Ireland, in Tipperary, on the Suire, 20 m. W. Kilkenny, 10 N. Cashel. Thurlmere, lake, Eng. in Cumberland, commu- nicates with the Derwent, 3 m. S. E. Keswick. Tkurlow, t. Hastings co. Up. Canada, on Lake Ontario, W. of Kingston. Thurlow's Island, isl. off the N. W. coast of America, 24 miles long. Lon. 233 35' E. Lut. 5024'N. Tfiurnau, t. Germany, 21 m. E.N. E. Bamberg. Lon. 1 1 26' E. Lat. 50 2' N. Thurotx,r. Hungary, which runs into the Waag, 12 m. N. St. Martin. Thurto, s-p. Scotland, on the N. coast of Caith- ness, in Dunnet Bay. 42 m. N. N. E. Dornock. Lon. 3 22- W. Lat. 58 31' N. Thus, r. Persia, which runs into the Caspian sea, 40 no. N. W. Zaweh. Thwart the Way, isl. in the Straits of Sunda. Lon/ 105 43' E. Lat. 5 55' S. 96 T I E 761 Thwart the IVay, isl. in a bay on the coast of New Guinea. Lon. 136 54' E. Lat. 2 15' S. Thyatira. See Akhisar. Tiang-potao, isl. of Corea, about 30 miles in circumference. Lon. 124 52' E. Lat. 37 20' N. Tiano, small isl. in the North sea, near the coast of Lapland. Lat. 68" 42' N. Tiaoyu-su, one of the Loochoo islands in the Chinese sea. Lon. 123 37' E. Lat. 25 55' N. Tibaens, t. Portugal, in Entre Duero e Minho, 4 m.'W. Braga. Tibbermuir, v. Scotland, 4 m. VV. Perth. Tibbo, a people of Africa, inhabiting the coun- try to the W. S. and E. of Fezzan. Tiber, r. Italy, which rises from the Appennine mountains, passes by Rome, and runs into the Mediterranean, in Ion. 11 8' E. Lat. 41 47' N. Tiber creek. See Goose cretk. Tiberias. See Taboria. Tiboulen, small isl. in the Mediterranean, near the coast of France. Lon. 6 24' E. Lat. 43 15' N. Tiburon, cape, the S. W. extremity of Hispanio- la. Lon. 74 15' W. Lat. 18 19' N. Tiburon, cape, S. America, at the entrance of the gulf of Darien. Lon. 77 10' W. Lat. 9 25' N. Tiburon., isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lat. 14 S. Tiburones, or Main Cape Reef, 2 small islands near the coast of Honduras. Lon. 82 8' VV. Lat. 15 10' N. Ticao, one of the Philippine islands, about 25 miles long. Lon. 123" 34' E. Lat. 12 39' N. Tichfield, v. Eng. in Hants, on a river which runs into the Southampton Water, 8 m. N. W. Gosport, 74 S. W. London. Tick/ah, r. Louisiana, which flows into Lake Maurepas, 4 m. N. of the mouth of Amite river. Tickill, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 44 m. S. York, 155 N. London. Lon. 1 12' VV. Lat. 53 27' N. Ticonderoga. p-t. Essex co. N. Y. on Lake Champiain. Pop. 1,493. The forlress of Ticon- deroga so celebrated in the history of American wars, was built on a tongue of land of considerable elevation, at the confluence of Lake George creek with Lake Champiain, 15 m. S. Crown Point, 24 N. Whitehall, in N. lat. 43 50'. On three sides it is surrounded by water, and about half of the other side is occupied by a deep swamp. Mount Inde- pendence, often mentioned in connection with Ti- conderoga, lies on the E. side of Lake Champiain, about 2 m. S. E. of the fort. Mount Defiance is on Lake George creek, and most completely com- mands Ticonderoga, which is far below, and with- in fair cannon shot. The remains of the fortifica- tions are still conspicuous, and the old stone bar- racks, erected by the French, are in part standing. Tif-oo Islands, cluster of islands near the W. coast of Sumatra. Lon. 99 13' E. Lat. 06' S. Ticos, small isl. in the Pacific ocean, near the E. coast of Lucon. Lon. 124 E. Lat. 14 10' N. Tide, or Tidi, r. Eng. which runs into the Ha- moaze below Saltash. Tider, or JVer, small isl. in the Atlantic, near the coast of Africa. Lat. 19 30' N. Tideswnfl, or Tideswell, t. Eng. in Derbyshire, 32 m. N. N. W. Derby, 158 N. London. Lon. 1 39' VV. Lat. 53" 20' N. Tidla, r. Sweden, which runs into the Wenner Lake, near Mariestadt. Tidor, or Tidore, isl. in the E. Indian sea, and one of the Moluccas, 15 m. S. E. Ternate. Lon. 127 19'E. Lat. 042'N. Tidknhead, cape, Ireland, on the N. side of the 762 T I M T I N entrance into Donegal bay, and the S. W. extremi- ty of Donegal co. 25 m. VV. Donegal. Lon. 8 25' W. Lat. 54" 40' N. Ticilen Harbour,bay on the N. side of Donegal bay, 7 m. E. S. E. Tiellen Head. Ticnen. See Tirlemont. Ticngen, or Tkiengen, or Thungen, t. Germany, on the Wutach, 29 m. E. Bale, 36 W. Constance. Lou. 8 17' E. Lat. 47 42' N. Tieffesh, or Tifas, (an. Thereste,') t. Algiers, 40 m. S. Bona. Lon. 7 40' E. Lat. 36" 20' N. Tiffin, t. Adams co Ohio. Pop. 1,028. Tiga, isl. in the E. Indian sea, near the N. W. coast of Borneo. Lon. 112 14' E. Lat. 6 25' N. Tiaaon, isl. in the E. Indian sea, near the N. W. coast of Borneo. Lon. 128 48' E. Lat. 6 10' N. Tiger, small isl. in the Spanish Main, near the coast of Darien. Lon. 77 C 30' W. Lat. 8 35' N. Tigrc, isl. in the Pacific at the entrance into Amapalla bay. Lon. 88 44' W. Lat. 13 10' N. Tigre^ an independent state in Abyssinia, about 200 miles long and 120 broad, comprising all the provinces between the Red sea and the Tacazze. All the merchandize destined to cross the Red Sea must pass through it. Tigris, r. Asia, which rises in the mountains of Armenia, passes by Diarbekir, Mosul, and many other cities and towns, and joining the Euphrates, both together run into the Persian gulf, below Bas?ora. It is navigable for boats to Diarbekir. Tiis, or Tiz, t. Persia, in iVTecran, at the mouth of the Kurene, 75 m. S. Kidge. Lon. 60 24' E. Lat. 25 25' N. Tilbury, fort, Eng. on the N. side of the Thames, in E$sex, opposite Gravesend, 28 m. E. London. Tilbury, t. Kent co. Up. Canada, extending from Lake Erie to Lake St. Clair. Tilghman > island, Md. on the eastern shore of the Chesapeake, at the mouth of Choptank river. Till, r. Eng. in Northumberland, which runs in- to the Tweed, 2 m. N. E. Coldstream. TiHanjong, one of the Nicobar Islands, in the Indian sea. Lon. 94 9' E. I Lat 37 40' N. 770 T R E Tras /M Monies, or Tra los Monies, province, Portugal, bounded N. and E. by Spain, S. by Bei- ra, from which it is separated by the Duero, and "VV. by Entre Duero e Minho. Pop. 308,984. Trastn, r. Germany, which runs into the Dan- ube, 8 in. below Mauttern. Trasmaur, t. Austria, on the Traseu, with a cit- adel, 12m. W. Tulln, 6 N. St. Polten. Trasp, a citadel and lordship on the borders of Tyrol, 27 m. N. Bormio. Trav, or Trogkir, t. Dalmatia, on a piece of land separated from the continent by a canal. The harbor is deep enough for the largest ships. 12 miles W. Spalatro. Lon. 16 30' E. Lat.4330'N. Pop. 5,000. Trarancore, city, Hind, and cap. of a country of the same name, 108 m. S. S. W. Madura, 264 S. Seringapatam. Lon. 77 14' E. Lat. 8 22' N. Travancore, country, Hind, extending along the southern part of the coast of Malabai*. It is inhab- ited by various religious denominations, but is rendered peculiarly interesting as the residence of the Syrian Christians, who, though wholly uncon- nected with the rest of the Christian world, have stood for ages a bright monument of the truth of Christianity, in the midst of the darkest scenes of idolatry and wickedness. The Syrian churches extend from north to south more than 150 miles, and from east to west, at least thirty. They were visited by the late Dr. Buchanan, who manifested a strong interest in their welfare, and commenced a translation of the New Testament into the Syrian language, which since his death has been comple- ted and published, and copies of it have been dis- tributed to each of the churches. Several 'mission- aries have been sent to this station by the English Church Missionary Society, and a College has been established near Cotym, more particularly for the education of priests for the Syrian church- es. The college is under the direction of the mis- sionaries, and has been very liberally endowed, both with money and land, by the llannee, or princess of the country, and promises to be of great benefit to the people. The number of students in J820, was 25. Trauchburg, or Trauenburg, t. Germany, 12 m. E. Wangen, 10 W. S. VV. Kempten. TV-are, r. Germany, which passes by Lubeck, and runs into the Baltic, 10 miles below. Lon. 10 55' E. Lat. 54 N. Traveller's repose^ p-v. Greenbriar co. Va. Traveller's rest, p-v. Greenville co. S. C. Traremnndcn, seaport on the Baltic, at the mouth of the Trave, belonging to the city of Lu- beck, and defended by a small fortress, 8 m. N. E. Lubeck. Lon. 10 51' E. Lat. 54" N. Tmrf.ndal, t. Holstein, on the Trave, 2 m. S.W. Segeborg. Traverse, bay, Michigan, setting up about 20 miles from the E. shore of lake Michigan. Traverse Islands. See Grand Traverae. Traun, r. Austria, which runs into the Danube, about 3 miles below Steyregg. TV-aim, r. Bavaria, which enters the Alza. Traunslein, t. Bavaria, on the Traun, with con- siderable salt-works. 18 m. W. Salzburg. Lon. 12 35' E. Lat. 47 51' N. Pop. 2,500. Trautenau, t. Bohemia, 21 m. N. Konigingratz. Lon. 15 48' E. Lat. 50 27 N. Pop. 2,4-20. Trayaguera, t. Spain, in Valencia, 80 m. N. E. Valencia, 23 S. W. Tortosa. Treadhaven, or Thirdhaien, r. Md. which run* into the Choptank. T R E Treasury Islands, cluster of islands among Solo- mon's islands. Lon. 155 34' to 156 E. Lat. G" 38' to 7 30' S. Trebbin, t. Prussian states, in Brandenburg, 20 m S. S. VV. Berlin, 10 S. S. E. Potzdam. Lon. 13' 6' E. Lat. 52 10' N. Trebenilz, t. Bohemia, 28 m. N. Prague. Trebentsclrikov, fort, Russia, in Caucasus, on the Ural, 64m. N. Guriev. Trebia, r. Italy, which runs into the Po, 2 m. W. Piacenza. Trebigno, t Dalmatia, 10 m. N. E. Ragusa. Trebisaccia, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, on the coast, 10 m. N E. Cassano. Trebisond, pachalic,, A. Turkey, in Natolia, bounded N. by the Black sea, E. by Russian Cau- casus, S. by Erzerum and Siwas, and W. by Si- was. Trebisond, or Tarabosan, city, A. Turkey, with a harbor, on the Black sea, founded by a Greek colony of Sinope, descended from the Milesians. Its walls are almost square, high embattled, and built of the ruins of the ancient edifices. The town is large, and not well peopled. The castle is on a flat rock, and its ditches are cut in the rock. The suburbs are chiefly inhabited by Greeks and Armenians. Trebisond has considerable trade. Caravans from the interior of Persia and the bor- ders of the Caspian sea, bring a variety of articles, Which are exported to Constantinople and Odes- sa. The exports are figs, wine, ebony, cotton, In- dia goods, Persian silks, and carpets, &c. 170 m. N. N. E. Siwas, 220 E. N. E. Erivan. Lon. 39 40 E. Lat. 41 1' N. Trebitsch, or Trebits, t. Moravia, on the Iglawa, 20m. S. E. Iglau, 27 W. Brunn. Lon. 15 50' E. Lat. 49 14' N. Pop. 3,700. Trebnils, t. Silesia, 12 m. N. Breslaw, 13 W. Dels. Lon. 17 2' E. Lat. 51 18' N. Pop. 2,500. Trebsen, t. Saxony, on the Muldau, 14 m. E. Leipsic. Lon. 12 40' E. Lat. 51 16' N. Tredriffin, t. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 1,449. Tree Island, small isl. in the Indian sea, near the coast of Africa. Lat. 17 10' N. Tree Island, isl. near the E. coast of Sumatra. Lon. 105 5V E. Lat. 3 50' S. Tree Island, near the W. coast of Sumatra. Lon. 100 15' E. Lat. 158'S. Tree Island, isl. in the bay of Bengal, near the coast of Ava. Lon. 94 15' E. Lat. 18 12' N. Trejfen, r. Carinthia, which runs into the Drave, 6 m. below Villach. Trejfort, t. France, in Ain, 7 m. N. E. Bourg eu Bresse, 12 N. W. Nantua. Lon. 5 27' E. Lat. 46 6 16' N. Pop. 2,293 Trejfurt, t. Germany, 10m. W. S. W. Muhlhau- sen, 32 W. Erfurt. Trtffurt, t. Germany, near the Werra, 36 m. E. S. E. Cassel, 35 S. S. E. Gottingen. Lon. 10 18 E. Lat. 51 8' N. Tregannon, t. Wales, in Cardigan, on the Tivy, 15 m. S. S. E. Aberystwith, 197 W. London. Lon. 3 58' W. Lat. 52 14' N. Trfgony, t. Eng. in Cornwall, on the river Fale, navigable for barges from Falmouth, 7m. E. Tru- ro, 256 W. S. W. London. Lori. 4 46' W. Lat. 50 16' .\. Tregvicr, seaport, France, in North Coasts, on a peninsula, near the English channel, with a good harbor, 9 m. N. E. Lannion. Lon. 3 8' W. Lat. 48 47' N. Pop. 2,545. Treignac, t. France, in Correze, 16 m. N. Tulle, Pop. 2,591. T R E Tremblade, t. France, in Lower Charente, 3 m. S. Marennes,21 W. Saintes. Pop. 2,500. Tremblay, fief, Kent co. Lower Canada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 7 m. E. Montreal. Tremecen, or Tlemsan, city, Algiers, and capi- tal of the western division, which is governed by a bey or viceroy, situated on a rising ground, be- low some rocky precipices, from which issue a number of springs. Most of the walls of Tre- mecen have been built, or rather moulded in frames. 50 m. S. W. Oran, 220 S. W. Algiers. Lon. 28' W. Lat. 35 1' N. Tremiti, 3 islands in the Adriatic, near the coast of Naples: Capraria, St. Donino, and Tremiti or St. Nicolo. Lon. 15 34' E. Lat. 42 10' N. Tremsbuttel, t. dutchy of Holstein, 20 m. E. Hamburgh, 20 W. S. W. Lubeck. Trencsin, t. and castle, Hungary, near the Waag, on a rock, defended by a very strong castle, 20 m. N. N. VV. Topoltzan. Trent, city, Upper Austria, (in Latin, Triden- tum, and in German, Trient.) It is on the Adige or Etsch, in a very fruitful valley surrounded with high hills. The houses are strongly built of mar- ble dug out of the neighbouring mountains. Be- sides the cathedral, there are 3 parish churches, a college, and some convents. 55 m. N. Mantua, 65 N. W. Venice. Lon. 11 5' E. Lat. 46 N. Pop. 9,600. Trent, formerly a princely bishopric of Ger- many, situated in the Tyrolese. Trent, r. England, which rises in the N. W. part of Staffordshire, and running ,N. E. joins the Ouse, and the two streams form the Humber. Ca- nals are made to open a communication between this river and various parts of the kingdom. The Trent is of itself navigable from Burton. Trent, r. Canada, which runs from Rice lake to lake Ontario. Trent, r. N. Carolina, which flows into the Neuse, at Newbern. It is navigable for sea ves- sels 12 miles above that town, and for boats 20. Trentham, t. Eng. in Staffordshire, 3 m. S. New- castle-under-Line. Trenton, t. Hancock co. Maine, on French- man's bay, 30 m. N. E. Castine. Pop. 639. Trenton, p-t. Oneida co. N. Y. 13 m. from Utica, 107 from Albany. Pop. 2,617. In this town, there is a fall of 100 feet. Trenton, city, Hunterdon co. New Jersey, and capital of the state, is on the E. side of Delaware river, opposite the falls, 11 m. S. W.Princeton, 27 S. W. New Brunswick, 30 N. E. Philadelphia, 603. W. New York. Lon. 74 51' VV. Lat. 40 13' N. The river is navigable to this place for sloops, and 100 miles above the falls, for boats of 8 or 9 tons. Trenton contains a handsome state- house, an academy, 2 banks ; and 2 cotton facto- ries erected in 1815, one of which is a very exten- sive establishment, employing more than 350 hands. There are 4 houses of public worship, 1 rachfor Episcopalians, Methodists, Presbyterians, and Friends, and between the city and Lamber- ton a Roman Catholic church and a Baptist meet- ing-house. At the foot of the falls, there is an elegant bridge over the Delaware, 1 , 100 feet long and 36 wide. Pop. if we include Bloomsbury and Lamberton, which join it on the south, 3,942. Trenton, p-t. and cap. Jones co. N. C. on the Trent, 20 m. VV. Newbern, 81 N. N.E. Wilming- ton. Pop. in 1810, 195. Trenton, p-t. Christian co. Ken. T R I 771 Trepafser" 1 s, or Trepassi Bay, on the S. coast of Newfoundland. Lon. 53 W. Lat. 46 50' N. Treport, Le, seaport, France, in Lower Seine, on the English channel. Lon. 126'E. Lat. 50 4' N. Pop. 2,000. Treptow, t. Prussia, in Pomerania, 50 m. S. Stralsund, 50 W. N. W. Old Stettin. Lon. 13 10' E. Lat. 53 39 ' N. Pop. 2,000. Treptow am Rega, or New Treptow, t. Prussia, in Pomerania, on the Rega, 16 m. N. E. Cammin, 11 S. VV. Colberg. Lou. 15 13' E. Lat. 54 2' N. Pop. 4, 100. Tres Hermanos, 3 small islands in the bay of Honduras. Lon. 88 50' W. Lat. 19 20' N. Treshanish Islands, 4 small islands among the Western islands of Scotland, between Mull and Coll. Lon. G 25' E. Lat. '56 30' N. Trevannion's Island, one of the Queen Char- lotte's islands. Lon. 163 43' E. Lat. 10 43' S. Treuenbrietsen, t. Prussian states, in Branden- burg, 20 m. S. Brandenburg, 34 S. W. Berlin. Lon. 12 47' E Lat. 52 8' N. Pop. 4,100. Treveneri's Island, or Rooapoa, small isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 220 21' E. Lat. 9 4' S. Treves, or Triers, city, Prussian states, in Low- er Rhine, late capital of an electoral principality, and archbishopric of the circle of the Lower Rhine, lying between two mountains on the Mo- selle, over which it has a stone bridge. Long be- fore the birth of Christ, Treves was a town of note of the Treviri. Afterwards the ancient Ro- man emperors had a residence here. The cathe- dral church of St. Peter here stands on a hill, and there are besides 3 collegiate and 5 parish church- es, together with 3 colleges, and 13 monasteries and nunneries, and a university. 68 m. S. S. W. Cologn, 74 W. Mentz. Lon. 6 48' E. Lat. 49 48' N. Pop. 9,860. Treci, t. Popedom, 32 m. E. Rome. Trevico, t. Naples, in Principato Ultra, the se of a bishop, 14 m. N. Conza. Lon. 15 14' E. Lat. 41 6' N. Pop. 2,465. Trevigo, or Treviso, city, Austrian Italy, capi- tal of the Trevisan, 'situated at the conflux of the Sile and the Piavesella ; the see of a bishop. It has silk and woollen manufactories, a cathedral, 16 parochial churches, 11 monasteries, 10 nunne- ries, and 4 hospitals. Pop. 16,000. 15m. N. N. W. Venice, 70 N. E. Mantua. Lon. 12 9' E. Lat. 4542'N. Trevigno, t. Spain, in Alava, 12 m. S. W. Vit- toria. Pop. 1,800. Trevisan, or Trevigiano, province, Italy, bound- ed N. by the Bellunese, N. E. by Friuli, S. E. by the gulf of Venice, S. W. by the Paduan, and W. by the Vicentin. The whole country is exceeding- ly fertile, and appears like a continued garden. Trevose Head, cape, Eng. on the N. VV. coast of Cornwall. Lon. 5 1' W. Lat. 50 33' N. Trevoux, t. France, in Ain, on the Saone, 10 m. N. Lyons, 24 S. W. Bourg-en-Bresse. Lon. 4 51' E. Lat. 45 57' N. Pop. 2,656. Trewardreth Bay, bay in the English channel, on the S. coast of Cornwall, 3 m. W. Fowey. Lon. 4 42' W. Lat. 50 18' N. Trexlentown, p-v. Lehigh co. Pa. Treysa, t. Hesse-Cassel, 26 m. S. Cassel, 14 E. N. E. Marpurg. Lon. 9 10' E. Lat. 50 54' N Pop. 2,400. Triadclphia, p-v. Montgomery co. Md. Trial Point) cape on the S. E. coast of the isl- and of Jura. Lon. 5 52' W. Lat. 55 54' N. 772 T R I Triangle Island, one of the smaller Bahama islands. Lon. 69 53' W. Lat. 20" 51 ' N. Triangles, Southern, reef of rocks in the bay of Honduras. Lon. 8" 40' VV. Lat. 17 45' N. Tribrtu, or Trebowe, t. Moravia, 28 m. N. W. Olmutz. Lon. 16'29'E. Lat. 49 43' N. Pop. 4,020. Triberg, t. Baden, 15 m. N. E. Friburg, 15 S. Freudenstadt. Lon. 817'E. Lat. 48 9' N. Tribisa, r. Saxony, which runs into the Elbe, near Meissen. Triboli, t. A. Turkey, 4 m. W. S. W.Trebisond. Tribsees, t. Prussian states, in Pomerania, 22 m. S. VV. Stralsuud, 12 E. Rostock. Lon. 12 47' E. Lat 54 5' N. Pop. 1,500. Tribstadt, t. Bavaria, in Lower Rhine, 18 m. N. VV. Landau, 16 E. N. E. Deux Ponts. Tricala, t. Eu. Turkey, 50 m. E. N. E. Saloniki, 220 VV. Constantinople. Tricalore, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 38 m. W. Pondicherry, 56 S. Arcot. Lon. 79 21' E. Lat. 11 58' N. Tricar ico, t. Naples, in Basilieata, the see of a bishop, 13m. S. E. Acerenza, 21 S. VV. Matera. Lon. 16 8' E. Lat. 40 43' N. Trice, one of the Nicobar islands. Lon. 94 5' E. Lat. 7 30' N. Trichinopoly, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 268 m. S. S. VV. Madras. It is one of the stations of the English Christian Knowledge Society. Trichiri, small isl. in the Grecian archipelago, 5 m. E. Specia. Trickandore, t. Hind, in Tinevelly, 30 m. E. S. E. Palamcotta. Trickut, one of the Nicobar islands. Lon. 94 10' E. Lat. 8 3' N. Triculo, r Naples, which runs into the sea, 10 m. E. Kossano. Trielen, isl. in the English channel, near the coast of France. Lon. 4 50' VV. Lat. 48 22' N. Tnenagh Bay, bay on the W. coast of Ireland. Lon 8 15' W Lat. 54 53' N. Tnesing, r. Austria, which runs into the Dan- ube, 3m. N. VV. Fischamund. Trieste, seaport, Austrian dominions, and the largest town in the kingdom of Illyria, on the Adri- atic, at the N. E. part of the gulf of Trieste. Its Commerce is very extensive ; it being estimated truit .j,000 vessels enter and leave the port annu- ally. The houses here stand on the ascent of a mountain, extending themselves quite to the sea, and on the top of the mountain is a castle. The harbor has been considerably improved and for- tified. 74 m. S. S. W. Vienna. Lon. 13 55 E. Lat. 45 53' N. Pop. 36,000. Triggi co. Kentucky. Pop. 3,874. Slaves 816. Engaged in agriculture 943, in commerce 6, in manufactures 48. Tr-i^no, r. Naples, which runs into the Adriatic, 12m. N. W. Termoli. Trim, t. Ireland, in Meath, on the river Boyne, 20 m. S. VV. Drogheda, 23 N. VV. Dublin. Lon. 648'W. Lat. 53 32' -V. Trincatty, one of the Nicobar islands. Lon. 94 e 5'E. Lat. 8 6 N. Trincoli, t. Ceylon, near the east coast, 84 m. E. S. E. Candy. Lon. 82 6' E. Lat. 7 10' N. Tririconta/et. See Trinkamaly. Trindden, rock in the Scaggerac, 7 m. N. N. E. from the island of Lessoe. Lon. 11 1' E. Lat. 67 27' N. Tring, t. Eng. in Herts, 7 m. E. Aylesbury, 31 N. W. London. Lon. 40' W. Lat. 51 50' N. T R I Tring, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, 59 m. S. Quebec. Trinidad^ isl. near the coast of South America, about 30 leagues long. The climate is said to be unwholesome, the island being very often covered with thick fogs. The northern part of the island is high land, and the soil is good for sugar-canes, tobacco, &c. Pop. in 1805, 2,261 whites, 3,275 free blacks, and 19,709 slaves. By the peace of Amiens the island was ceded to Great Britain. The island of Tobago is separated from Trinidad by a channel called Trinidad channel. Lon. 60 6' to 61 36' W. Lat. 9 48' to 10 42' N. Trinidad La, t. South America, in Moxo, 200 m. N. E. La Plata. Lon 65 5tf W. Lat. HMO'S. Trinidad, seaport, Cuba, on the S. coast of the Havanna Lon 80 18' W. Lat. 51 56' N. Trinidad La, or Sonsonate, seaport, Mexico, in Guatimala, 80 m. E. S. E. Guatimala. Lon. 91 6' VV. Lat 14 3' N. Trinidad, isl. in the Atlantic ocean, and one of those called Martin Vas^s islands. Lon. of the S. point, 26 37' VV. Lat. 20 31' S. Trinidad Bay, bay on the N. W. coast of Amer- ica. Lon. 236 6' E. Lat. 41 3' N. Trinite, La, 2 islands in the Atlantic ocean. Lon. 40 W. Lat. 1930'S Trinity, r. Texas, which flows into Galveston bay, after a course of 300 miles. Trinity Bay, on the N. E. coast of New Hol- land, between capes Grafton and Tribulation. Trinity Bay, large bay on the E. coast of New- foundland. Lon. 53 10' VV. Lat. 48 N. Trinity, or La Trinite, seaport, Martinico, a place of considerable trade. Lon. 61 8' W. Lat. 14 53' N. Trinity Inlet, bay on the N. W. coast of Ameri- ca, 30 m. S. Queen Charlotte's sound. Trinity Is/and, isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 206" 47' E. Lat. 56 33' N. Trinkamaly, seaport, Ceylon, on the E. coast, with one of the best and safest harbors in the isl- and, capable of containing a thousand vessels. The country around is barren and unwholesome. The Wesleyan Methodists have a missionary here. 70 m. N. E. Candy. Lon. 81 24' E. Lat. 8 33' N. Tnno,t. Sardinian States, 10 m. S. S. W. Ver- celli. Lon. 8 16' E. Lat. 45 17' N. Pop. 5,405. Trinomaly,t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 54 m. S. S. VV. Arcot, 52 W. N. VV. Pondicherry. Lon. 79 10' E. Lat. 12 13 N. Trionda, isl. in the gulf of Satalia, near the coast of Natolia. Lon. 30 26' E. Lat. 36" 36' N. Trionto, r. Naples, which runs into the gulf of Tarento, 10m. E. Ros?ano. Trionto, cape of Italy, on the coast of Calabria Citra, in the gulf of Tarento, at the mouth of the Trionto. Lon. 16" 54' E. Lat. 39" 46' N. Tripall,r Eng. in Northumberland, which run* into the South Tyne, 7 m. VV. Hexam. Tripatore, t. Hind, in Marawar, 20 m. N. E. Madura. Lon. 79 39' E. Lat. 10 8' N. Tripatore, t. Hind, in Mysore, 40 m. W. N. W. Pondicherry. Lon. 78 45' E. Lat. 12 21' N. Tripetly, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 68 m. N. W. Madras. Lon. 79" 30' E. Lat. 13 45' N. Tnpi, t. Sicily, 8 m. S. Pati. Lon. 15 15' E. Lat. 38 10' N. Tripled, p-v. Fleming co. Ken. Tnplo Heath, Eng. 8 m. S. Cambridge. Tripoli, country, Africa, bounded N. by the T R I Mediterranean ; E. by Barca, or considering Bar- ca as a province of Tripoli, by Egypt ; S. by the Atlas mountain ; and W. by Tunis and Biledulge- rid ; about 600 miles from E. to W. and 200 from N. to S. Sq. miles, including Barca, 210,000. Pop. 2,000,000. The inhabitants on the coast generally live by commerce and piracy, and those in the interior by plunder and robbery. The ar- my in time of war amounts to 10,000 cavalry and 40,000 infantry. Revenue of the Pacha, $200,000 per annum. Exports: olive oil, saffron, wax, hon- ey, wool, salt and dates, together with gums, os- trich feathers, and other articles from the interior. See Barbary States. Tripoli, city, and seaport, Africa, and capital of the country so called, on the coast of the vled- iterranean. It was formerly divided into two parts, the Old and iNew ; the former is now almost gone to ruins ; the latter, which stands at a small distance from it, though of no great extent, is pop- ulous and in a flourishing condition. It stands on sandy ground, by the sea-side, surrounded with high walls and stout ramparts, flanked with >yra- midical towers, but not kept in good repair. It was once a place of vast trade, but it now retains few traces of its ancient splendor. The houses are low and mean, the streets narrow, dirty, and irregular : there are in it, nevertheless, some monuments still standing, which evince its former magnificence. The country around has a dry sandy soil, and is adorned with a multiplicity of handsome villas. 300 m. S. E. Tunis. Lon. 13 26' E. Lat. 32 55 ' N. Pop. 15,000. Tripoli, pachalic, A. Turkey, bounded N. by Aleppo, E. by Damascus, S. by Acre, and W. by Ihe Mediterranean. Tripoli, or Tarabolus, t. Syria, and capital of the above pachalic, near the mouth of a small riv- er, called Kadisha, at the foot of Mount Lebanon. There is no harbor, but a simple road, which ex- tends from the shore to shoals called the Rabbit and Pigeon islands. The commerce consists almost wholly in indifferent coarse silks, which are made use of for laces, and is principally in the hands of the French, who have a consul here, and three commercial houses. They export silks and spon- ges. 75 m. N. N. W. Damascus, 132 S. Alexan- dretta. Lon. 35 36' E. Lat. 34 28' N. Pop. 15,000. Tripolisza, t. Eu. Turkey, in the Morea, 18m. W. Napoli di Romania. Pop. 12,000. Tripontio, or Triponzo, t. Popedom, in Spoleto, on the Nera, 12 m. N. W. Norcia. Triplis, t. Saxe- Weimar, 4 m. E. Neustadt, 41 S. S. W. Leipsic. Lon. 11 50' E. Lat. 50 25' N. Triisanlon Bay. See Southampton Water. Tristan (TAcunha, the largest of three islands in the Atlantic ocean, about 15 miles in circum- ference. Near the centre of the island a conical mountain rises, not unlike in appearance to the Peak of Tenerifle. Lon. 15 40' W. Lat. 37 S. Triste, isl. on the S. side of the bay of Campea- chy, and W. of Port Royal island, 18 miles in circumference. Lat. 18 20' N. T rilrhinnpoly, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, sur- rounded with two walls, flanked with towers, and encompassed with a ditch ; 67 m.W. Tranquebar, 156 S. E. Seringapatam. Lon. 78" 45' E. Lat. 10 48' N. Triradi, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 23 m. S. W. Pondirherry. Lon. 79 45' E. Lat. 1 1 42" N. T R O 773 Trirento, t. Naples, in the Molise, the see of a bishop, 18m. N. Molise. Triumpho de la Cruz, cape on the coast of Hon- duras. Lon. 88 25' W. Lat. 15 56' N. Trocadie, small isl. in the gulf of St. Lawrence, near the N. coast of St. John's Island. Trochteljingen, t. Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, 16 m. N.W. Buchau, 29 S. Stuttgart. Lon. 9 18' E. Lat 48 16' N. Troctnu. small isl. in the E. Indian sea, near the coast of Queda. Lon. 99 33' E. Lat. 6 30' N. Trogen, t. Switz. chief place of the Protestant part of the canton of Appenzell, noted for its manufacture of cloth. 7 m. S. E. St. Gall, 7 N. Appenzell. Lon. 9 33' E. Lat. 47 14' N. Pop. 2,250. Troia, t. Naples, in Capitanata, on the Chi- lare, the see of a bishop. It contains 6 church- es, and 6 convents. 33 m. S. W. Manfredonia, 60 N. E. Naples. Lon. 15 18' E. Lat. 41 24' N. Troja, small isl. in the Mediterranean, near the coast of Italy. Lon. 11 5' E. Lat. 42 1 '43 N. Trois Maries, Les, t. France, in Mouths-of-the- Rhone, 15 m. S. Aries. Trois Rivieres. See Th rc.e Rivers. Trois Rivieres, bay on the E. coast of the island of St. John, in the gulf of St. Lawrence. Trois Rivieres, r. St. Domingo, runs into the sea, on the N. coast of the island, near Port Paix. Troilz, or Troitskoe Monaslr, that is, " the con- vent of the Holy Trinity," a convent of Russia, strongly fortified, 40 m. from Moscow. Troitsk, t. Russia, in Penza, 75 m. W. N. W. Penza. Lon. 43 34' E. Lat. 54 N. Troitskoe, t. Russia, in Upha, 200 m. E. Upha. Lon. 61 44' F,. Lat. 54' N. Troitzkoi, t. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the Oby, 204 m. N. Tobolsk. Lon. 42 50' E. Lat. 61 24' N. Troki, or Trocki, t. Russia, in Wilna, formerly the residence of the great dukes of Lithuania, 16 m. W. Wilna, 150 E. Konigsberg. Lon. 24 44' E. Lat. 54 33' N. Pop. 5,000. Tromba, small isl. near the coast of Istria. Lon. 13 52' E. Lat. 45 3' N. Tromnes, small isl. in the North sea, near the coast of Lapland. Lon. 15 26' E. Lat. 68 5' N. Tromoe, isl. near the coast of Norway. Lon. 9 10' E. Lat. 58 27' N. Tromperwick, Gulf of, bay of the Baltic, on the N. E. coast of the island of Usedom. Lon. 13 4ff E. Lat. 54 40' N. Tronto, r. Italy, which runs into the Adriatic, in Ion. 13 59' E. Lat. 42 52' N. Tronzan, t. Piedmont, 7 m. N.W. Turin. Pop. 2,540. Troon Point, cape on the W. coast of Scotland. Lon. 4 36' W Lat. 55 36' N. Tropea, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, on a rock near the sea coast, 37 m. N. N. E. Reggio. Lon. 16 13' E. Lat. 38 40' N. Pop. 3,992. Tropic Keys, small islands or rocks among the Virgin Islands, in the West Indies, between Great Passage island and Porto Rico. Troppau, or Oppau, city, Austrian Silesia, and capital of a circle so called, is in a fruitful coun- try, on the river Oppa, walled, and containing an ancient palace of the princes, with 3 parochial churches, a college, 3 convents of monks, and a nunnery. 45 m. S. Oppeln, 80 S. S. E. Breslau. Lon. 1830' E. Lat. 49 50' N. Pop. 11,540. 774 T R O Tropploirits, t. Silesia, 70m. N. N.W. Troppau. Lon. 1731'E. Lat. 50 1' N. Troupsburg, p-v. Steubenco. N. Y. Trosa, seaport, Sweden, in Sundermanland, on the Baltic, 18 m. S. W. Stockholm. Trosachs, mountains of Scotland, in Perthshire, 10m. W. Callander. Trolby, r. Eng. runs into the Wye, at Mon- mouth. Trotsa,r. Russia, which runs into the Kama, 16 m. N. Kosa, in Viatka. Troup Head, cape, Scotland, on the N. coast of Bamff, 10 m. W. Kinnard's Point. Lon. 2 11 ' W. Lat. 57 39' N. Troupsburg, t. Steuben co. N. Y. 20 m . S. W. Bath. Pop. 656. Troupsiille, v. in Sodus, N. Y. on Sodus bay, 30 m. N. E. Canandajgua. Troutbeck, r. Eng. in West morel and, which runs into the Eden, 3 m. below Appleby. Trout River, r. N. W. Territory, which runs into the Mississippi, above the outlet of Sandy lake. Trowbridge, t. Eng. in Wilts, on the river Were, 10 m. S. E. Bath, 98 W. London. Lon. 2 13' W. Lat. 51 18' N. Trowerfs Island, small isl. near the S. coast of Java. Lon. 105 45' E. Lat. 7 2' S. Troweryn, r. Wales, which runs into the Dee. Troy, t. Cheshire co. N. H. Pop. 676. Troy, t. Orleans co. Vt. 47 m. N. Montpelier. Pop. 277. Troy, p-t. Bristol co. Mass. 16 m. S. Taunton. 48 S. Boston. Pop. 1,594. Troy, city and cap. Itensselaer co. N. Y. on the E. bank of the Hudson, 6 m. above Albany. It is a beautiful city, handsomely built, and regularly laid out on a plain, and its appearance is very neat. It contains a court-house, prison, market- house, 2 banks, and 5 houses of public worship, 1 each for Presbyterians, Episcopalians, Baptists, Methodists, and Friends. Troy is finely situated for a commercial and manufacturing town, being at the head of sloop navigation on a- large river, and the creeks which here fall into the Hudson, affording numerous excellent situations for water- works. There are already erected 8 flour mills, an extensive cotton and woollen factory, a paper- mill, a manufactory of fire-arms, a shovel manu- factory, a rolling and slitting mill, besides several nail- works, saw-mills, and other manufacturing establishments. About 30 sloops and 20 smaller vessels are employed in the trade of the town. The growth of Troy has been very rapid. In 1794 it was a mere hamlet ; in 1810 the popula- tion was 3,895 ; and in 1820, 5,261. In commerce and wealth it is considered the fourth town in the State. Troy, t. Bradford co. Pa. Pop. 536. Troy, t. Athens co. Ohio, at the confluence of the Hockhocking with Ohio river, 25 m. below Marietta. Pop. 527. Troy, t. Cuyahogaco. Ohio. Pop. 347. Troy, t. Delaware co. Ohio. Pop. 253. Troy, t. Geauga co. Ohio. Troy, p-t. and cap. Miami co. Ohio, on the W. bank of Miami river, 21 m. N. Dayton, 66 W. Columbus. Pop. 293. It contains a court-house, jail and printing office. Troy, t. Richland co. Ohio. Pop. 456. Troy, t. and cap. Perry co. Indiana, on the Ohio, at the mouth of Anderson's creek, 55 m. W. S.W. Corvdon. T S C TroyeSj city, France, and cap. of Aube, oil the Seine, before the revolution the capital of Cham- pagne, and the see of a bishop. It contained 14 churches, 4 abbeys, 10 convents, a college, and a hospital. The inhabitants carry on a considerable trade in linen, flax, hemp, cotton, fustians, &c. 18 posts N. N. W. Dijon, 19 S. E Paris. Lon. 4 10 V E. Lat.48 18'N. Pop. 24,061. Trubschevsk, t. Russia, in Orel, on the Desna, 80 m. W. S. W. Orel. Lon. 33 34' E. Lat. 52 C 35' N. Truckville, t. Richland co. Ohio. Ti-ullo, small isl. on the E. side of the gulf of Bothnia. Lon. 23 E. Lat. 63 54' N. Trumansburg, p-v. Tompkins co. N. Y. Tmmboiversvillc, p-v. Bucks co. Pa. Trumbull, p-t. Fairfield co. Ct. 17 m. W. New- Haven. Pop. 1,232. Trumbull, co. in the E. part of Ohio. Pop. 15,546. Engaged in agriculture 4,045, in com- merce 47, in manufactures 727. Chief town,War- ren. Truro, t. Eng. in Cornwall, at the conflux of two small rivers, which form a harbor for vessels of about 100 tons. The chief trade of the place is shipping of tin and copper ore, dug in the neigh- boring mountains. It sends two members to par- liament. 11 m. N. N. E. Falmouth, 257 W. S.W. London. Lon. 4 55' W. Lat. 50 16' N. Pop.2,480. 7Vuro,t Halifax co. Nova Scotia, at the head of the basin of Minas, 40 m. N. by W. Halifax. Truro, p-t. Barnstable co. Mass. 57 m. S. E. Boston, in a direct line, 1 12 by the road ; 10 S. E. Provincetown. It extends entirely across the peninsula of Cape Cod. The soil is in most places sandy and barren, and the inhabitants derive their principal subsistenae from the sea, which here abounds with fish. Grain and vegetables are generally procured from Boston. Lat. 42 4' N. Lon. 70 4' W. Pop. 1,241. TVuro, t. Franklin co. Ohio, 7 m. E. Columbus. Pop. 693. Truxillo, t. Spain, in Estremadura, with a cita- del. 40 m. N. N. E. Merida, 102 S. W. Madrid. Lon. 5 22' W. Lat. 39 15' N. Pop. 3,600. Truxillo, city, Peru, and see of a bishop. It was built in 1535, by Pizarro. Its site is pleasant, not- withstanding the sandiness of the soil. It is sur- rounded with a brick wall, and stands on a small river, about half a league from the sea : 2 leagues to the northward, is the port of Guanchacho, the channel of its maritime commerce. Here is an office of revenue, several convents, a college, and an hospital. The inhabitants consist of Spaniards, Indians, and all the other casts. 480 m. S. Quito, 900 N. N. W. Lima. Lon. 79 20' W. Lat. 8 6' S. Pop. 10,000. Truxillo, s-p. Mexico, in Honduras, on a hill near the sea. Lon. 86 40' W. Lat. 15 45' N. Truxillo, or Nuestra Senora de la Pas, t. Vene- zuela, 120 m. S. Lake Maracaybo. Lon. 69 35' W. Lat. 845'N. Tnixton, p-t. Courtlandt co. N. Y. 14 m. N. E. Homer, 142 W. Albany. Pop. 2,956. 7>tm't//e,p-t. Richland co. Ohio, on the E. fork of Mohiccan creek. Tryone, t. Adams co. Pa. Pop. 840. Tryon Mountains, N. C. lie N. W. of Salisbury, bordering on Tennessee. Trysunda, small isl. on the W. of the gulf of Bothnia. Lon. 18 35' E. Lat. 63 9 ' N. Tsrfierlkov's Island, isl. in the North Pacific ocean. Lon. 205 4' E. Lat. 55 49' N. T U C Tschcrnoyar, t. Russia, in Saratov, 200 m. N. W. Astrachan. Lon. 46 4' E. Lat. 47 54' N. Tscherk, or Csersk, t. Poland, on the left bank of the Vistula, 25 m. S. Warsaw, 120 N. Cracow. Lon. 21 30' E. Lat. 51 50' N. Tscherkaskoi, t. Russia, the capital of the coun- try of the Cossacks of the Don. It is on a broad island in the river, 56 m. from its mouth. It is fortified, contains 7 churches and about 15,000 in- habitants. Lon. 39 55' E. Lat. 47 18' 34'' N. Tschopa, or Zschopou, t. Sanony, noted for its blue manufacture. 7 m. S. E. Chemnitz, 15 S. W. Freyburg. Lon. 13 2' E. Lat. 50 4' N. Tsebitl, or Tecebit, t. Africa, in Sugulmessa. Lon. 1 E. Lat. 31 40' N. Tsena, r. Malacca, which runs into the Chinese sea, in Ion. 101 21' E. lat. 7 33' N. Tsea-tong, isl. in theHoang-hai, or Yellow sea, near the coast of Corea, about 35 miles in circum- ference. Lon. 124 54' E. Lat. 37 44 ' N. Tsong-ming, isl. China, at the mouth of the Yang-tse river, about 50 miles long, formerly a place of banishment for criminals. Lon. 120 54' E. Lat. 31 38' N. Tsor, Sor, Sur, or Soor, t. on the E. coast of Arabia, in Oman, 22 m. S. E. Kalhat. Lat. 22 36' N. Tua, r. Portugal, which runs into the Duero, 15 m. N. W. St. Joao de Pesqueira. Tuabo, t. Africa, in Jaen, on the Senegal. Lon. 10 28' W. Lat. 14 56' N. Tuak, small isl. in the Red Sea, 12 m. from the coast of Arabia. Lon. 41 58' E. Lat. 5 58' N. Tuam, city, Ireland, in Galway, the see of an archbishop, 17 m. N. N. E. Galway. Tuarik, a people of Africa, inhabiting a coun- try bordering S. W. on Bornou, S. on Bornou, Soudan, and Tombuctoo, E. on the country of the Tibboo and Fezzan, N. on Fezzan and the country of the Arabs who live behind Tripoli, Tunis, and Algiers, and W. on the great empire of Fez and Morocco. They are divided into many nations and tribes, who all speak the same language. Tuat, or Twat, fertile oasis of the Sahara, Afri- ca. Lon. 1 to 6 E. lat. 23 N. Tuba, r. Russia, which runs into the Enisei, 16 m. S. VV. Abakansk, in Kolivan. Tubai, one of the small Society Islands, 12m. from Bolabola. Lon. 151 44' W. Lat. 16 12' S. Tubingen, t. Wurtemberg, in a valley on the Neckar, between two hills. An university was founded here in 1477, and restored in 1770. It tontains 300 students ; here is also a college for the nobility. 16 m. S. S. W. Stuttgart, 28 E. Freudenstatt. Lon. 9 10' E. Lat. 48 33' N. Pop. 5,765. Tubna, t. Algiers, (an. ThuJwna,} 110 m. S. S. W. Constantina, 120 S. S. E. Algiers. Lon. 5 E. Lat. 35 8 ' N. Tub-urbo, (an. Tuburbum,} t. Tunis, on the Me- jerdah. 16 m. VV. N. W. Tunis. Tuchd, t. West Prussia, 44 m. S. W. Dantzic. Tuckahoe, r. Md. which runs into Choptank river. Tucker's Island, small isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 122 5' E. Lat. 7 22' N. Tucker's Island, small isl. near the coast of S. Carolina. Lon. 80 16' W. Lat. 32 36' N. Tuckersrille, p-t. Wayne co. Geo. Tuckerlrm, p-t. am? port of entry, Burlington co. N. J . on Little Egg harbour. Tvckush, small isl. in the Mediterranean near the coast of Algiers, 12 m. E. Cape of Iron. T U L 775 Tucopia. isl. in the Pacific. Lon. 157* E. Lat. 12 S. Tucuman, province of the old viceroyalty of Buenos Ayres, lying between the province of Sal- ta on the north, and Santiago and Catamarca on the S. Area, 50,000 square miles. Pop. 45,000. The name is frequently applied to a much more extensive country. Chief town, St. Miguel d Tucuman. Tucuyo, r. Venezuela, which runs into the sea, in Ion. 69 22' W. lat. 10 38' N. Tuddington, t. Eng. in Bedford, 16 m. S. Bed- ford, 37 N. London. Tudela, t. Spain, in Navarre, on the Ebro, 4 m, S. Pamplona, 45 N. W. Saragossa. Lon. 1 40 7 W. Lat. 42 11' N. Pop. 7,295. Tver, t. Russia, and cap. of a government at the conflux of the Tvertza and Volga. It is the see of an archbishop. It was burnt in the year 1763, but has since been rebuilt on a regular and beautiful plan. The governor's house, the bishop's palace, the courts of justice, ihe new exchange, the pris- on, and several other public edifices were built at the expense of the empress. There is an ecclesi- astical seminary at Tver, which is under the in- spection of a bishop, and admits 600 students. Tver is a place of considerable commerce, which it owes principally to its advantageous situation. 72 m. N. N. W. Moscow, 580 N. E. Warsaw, 272 S. E. Petersburg. Lon. 36 14' E. Lat. 56 51' 44" N. Pop. 20,000. Tverskoe, government, Russia, bounded N. by Novgorod, E. by Jaroslavl and Vladimir, S. by Moskovskaia and Smolenskoe, and W. by Pskov ; 180 miles long, and 100 broad. Lon. 33 to 38* E. Lat. 55 36' to 58 30' N. Pop. 773,300. Tujfoa, t, Africa, on the Slave coast, 40 m. W. Assorn. Tuftonborough, t. Stratford co. N. H. on lake Winnipiseogee, 50 N. W. Concord. Pop. 1,232. Tugeloo, r. Georgia, which is formed by the union of the Tallulah and Chatooga, and flowing S. E. between Georgia and S. Carolina, joins the KioA'/ee, to form Savannah river. Tuggsville, p-v. Clarke co. Alabama. Tuggurt, t. Africa, in Nigritia, 360 m. N. E. Tombuctou. Lon. 6 E. Lat. 20 30' N. Tuegurl, or Tocort, t. Algiers, 240 m. S. S. E. Algiers. Lon. 5 50' E. Lat. 32 40' N. Tui, r. S. America, v hich runs into the Carib- bean sea. Lon. 67 20' W. Lat. 10 36' N. Tuis, t. Italy, in Friuli, 10 m. W. Udina. Tuklaktak, isl. in the North sea, near the coast of East Greenland. Lon. 46 20' W. Lat. 61 N. Tula, a city of Russia, and cap. of a government of 1 1,855 sq. miles, and 960,000 inhabitants. It is on the Upha and is the Birmingham of Russia. The imperial fabric of fire arms employed in 1800, 6,000 workmen. Pop. at the saaie period, esti- mated at 30.000. Near it are some iron mines, 1 12 m. S. Moscow, 452 S. S. E. Petersburg. Lon. 37 E. Lat. 54 ll'N. Tulcza, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria, on the S. side of the Danube, opposite If mail. Tullagan Bay, bay on the W. coast of Ireland, a little S. E. of Black Sod bay. Tutlamore, t. Ireland, in King's county, 44 m. W. Dunlin. Tulle, city, France, cap. of Correze, 58 posts S. Paris. Lon. 1 51' E. Lat. 45 16' N. Pop. 9,362. Tullins, t. France, in Isere, 4 m. N. W. Greno- ble. Pop. 3,715. i) t. Lower Austria, on a river of the same 776 TUN U ft name, 13 m. W. N. W. Vienna, 44 E. S. E. Zwetl. Lon. 16 3' E. Lat. 48 18' N. Pop. 1,32-1. Tulloargaum, t. Hind, in Visiapour, 12 in. N. W. Poonah. Tu/totr, t. Ireland, in Carlow, 8 m. E. S. E. Carlow, 38 S. S. W.Dublin. Tully, p-t. Onondaga co. N. Y. 14 m. S. Onon- Aaga, 50 S. of W. Utica. Pop. 1,194. Tullycha, r. Ireland, in Fermanagh, which runs into the Lough Erne, 4 m. N. Enniskillen. Tulonid, r. Russia, which runs into Ladoga lake, 32 m. N. W. Olonetz. Tulour, or Tanna Labu, isl. in the E. Indian sea, about 90 miles in circumference. Lon. 124 E. Lat.445'N. Tulpehocken, r. Pa. which runs E. and falls into the Schuylkill above Reading. Tulpehocken, t. Berks co. Pa. on the N. side of the above river. Pop. 3,238. Tutsk, t. Ireland, in Roscommon, 9 m. N. Ros- eommon, 11 9. S. VV. Carrick. Tulakoe, government of Russia, bounded N. by Moskov, E. by Riazan and Tambov, S. by Orlov, and W. by Kaluzskoe, 120 miles long, and from 40 to 100 broad. Tula is the capital. Lon. 36 to to 38 E. Lat 53 to 55 N. Pop. 866,000. Tumanskoi, isl. Russia, in the Frozen ocean, about 360 miles in circumference. Lon. 119 to 126 E. Lat. 71 50 'to 73 15' N. Tamb, or Tombu, or Petombo, or Colombo, or Slangen, or Great Tomb, isl. in the Persian gulf, 3 miles long. Lon. 55" 38' E. Lat. 26 24' N. Tumb, JVamiu, or Little Tumb, small isl. in the Persian gulf, 10 m. S VV. Tumb. Tumbado, small isl. among the Bahamas. Lon. 79 30' W. Lat. 26 24' N. Tumbelan Islands, small islands in the E. Indian sea. Lon. 107 58 ' E. Lat. 1N. Tumbez, t. Peru, near a river of the same name which forms part of the N. boundary of that coun- try, and discharges itself into the bay of Guaya- quil. The town consists only of 70 houses, inhab- ited by Mestizos, Indians, Mulattoes, and a few Spaniards. 280 m. N. Truxillo. Lon. 80 6' VV. Lat. 3' 13' S. Tumbling dam, a place on Delaware river, 22 m. above Trenton. Juna, s-p. Egypt, on the Red sea, 52 m. S. S. E. Coseir. Tunbridge, t. Eng. in Kent, on the Medway. About 4 or 5 miles S. of the town are some medi- cinal springs, called Tunbridge Wells, useful in consumptive complaints, and much resorted to. 14 m. S. Maidstone, 30 S. E. London. Lon. 16' E. Lat. 51 12' N. Pop. 5,932. Tunbridge, p-t. Orange co. Vt. 30 m. N. VVind- lor. Pop. 2,003. Tuneka, t. Russia, in Irkutsk, on the Him, 84 m. N. Balaganskoi. Tungebadra, r. Hind, which runs into the Kist- nah, 7 m. E. Rachore. Tunginskoi, t. Rutsia, on the Irkut, 80 m. S. VV. Irkutsk, 800 E. S. E. Kolivan. Lon. 103 14' E. Lat. 51 18' N. Tunguragua. See Lauricocha. Tunguska, r. Russia, which rises in lake Bai- kal, and runs into the Enisei, 20 m. S. Eniseisk : in the former part of its course it is called Angara. Tunguska, (Niznei,') r. Russia, which runs into the Enisei, 8 m. S. S. E. Turuchansk. Lon. 89 14' E. Lat. 65 41' N. Tnnguskoi, (Ust,} t. Russia, in Tobolsk, 24 m. S. Eniseisk, at the conflux of the Enisei and 1 in; guska. 20 m. S. Eniseisk. Tunia, or Tunja, t New Granada, 60 m. N. Santa Fe de Bogota, 350 m. S. S. E. Carthagena. Lon. 72 56' VV. Lat. 5 5' N. Tunis, city, Africa, and cap. of the country, so called, situated on a rising ground, on the VV. bank of a lake. It is surrounded by lakes and marshes, which however do not render it un- healthy. The Tunisians are the most civilized nation of Barbary. The English, French, Dutch, and several European States have consuls here, who are treated with civility and respect. There are few buildings of any magnificence, except the great mosque, the bey's palace, and a few others. Near the centre of the city is a piazza of vast ex- tent, which is said formerly to have contained 3,000 shops for the sale of woollen and linen goods; in the manufacture of both which this city has been long famous. Here are several colleges and schools, with many learned men and doctors of the Mahometan law. The chief defence is the castle. Lon. 10 20' E. Lat. 36 44 J N. Pop. about 100,000. Tunis, country, Africa, bounded N. and E. by the Mediterranean, S. by Tripoli, and W. by Al- giers. Extent, about 200 miles from N. to S. and 120 from E. to W. Pop. variously estimated from 2,000,000 to 3,000,000. It is governed by a bey, and with more mildness than the other Barbary States. Army in time of war 50,000 or 60,000. Navy, 15 or 20 small vessels. Revenue of the pacha annually, $600,000. See Barbary Stales. Tunkhannock, r. Pa. runs into the E. branch of the Susquehannah, 35 m. above Wilkesbarre. Tunkhannock, p-t. Luzerne co. Pa. Pop. 1,132. Tunudtiorbik, isl. near the coast of East Green- land. Lon. 46 50' W . Lat. 60 45' N. Tuns, (The,} rocks in St. George's channel, near the coast of Ireland, 3 m. N. E. Saltee isl- ands. Tucaqua, isl. in the Spanish Main. Lon. 68* 40' W. Lat. 10 32' IS. Tura, isl. in the Grecian archipelago. Lon. 24 15 'E. Lat. 39 34' N Turas, v. Moravia, 4 m. S. W. Austerlitz. Turbdt, t, Mifflinco. Pa. Pop. 1,165. Turbico, t. Italy, in Olona, 18 m. VV. Milan. Turbus, t. Northumberland co. Pa. Pop. 2,752. Turckheim, t. France, in Upper Rhine, 3 m. W. Colmar, 12 S. S. W. Schlettstatt. Turcoin, t. France, in North, taken by the duke of York on the 17th of May, 1794. On the 18th, the French attacked this post, and a battle was fought, in which the French were victorious. This conflict may be said to have decided the fate of the Netherlands. 6 m. N. N. E. Lille, 9 S. VV. Courtray. Pop. 11,380. Turcomania, that part of Armenia which be- longs to the Turks. Turanne, t. France, in Correze, 9 m. S. Drive., 15 S. S. W. Tulle. Turin, city, Italy, and capital of Piedmont, sit- uated at the conflux of the Po and the Grand Do- ria, about 7 miles from the Foot of the Cottain Alps, in the road from France to Italy, by the way of Mount Cenis. The approach to it is magnifi- cent, and the environs beautiful. The four gate are highly ornamental ; the streets in the New Town are wide, straight and clean. The fortifi- cations of Turin are regular. The citadel is a pentagon, consisting of five strong bastions, and is T U R T U R 777 is reputed one of the strongest in Europe. The university was founded in 1405, and has 24 pro- fes-ors, and a royal library, wherein are about 50,000 volumes. Here is also a royal museum, and a military academy. The palace is in a sim- ple and noble style of architecture. The chief trade of this city and country is in silk, which is sent to England and Lyons. Lon. 7 40' E. Lat. 45 3' N. Pop. 88,000. Turin.) p-t. Lewis co. N . Y. on Black river, which here has remarkable falls, 15 m. N. Rome, 46 N. VV. Utica, 145 IN. W. Albany. It contains 2 churches, 1 for Episcopalians, and 1 for Methodists. Pop. 1,812. Tarinsk, t. Russia, in Tobolsk, 144 m. W. To- bolsk. 620 W. N. VV. Kolivan, 1,028 E. Peters- burg. Lon. 63 44' E. Lat. 58 N. Turirana, r. Brazil, which runs into the Atlan- tic, in Ion. 46 46' W. lat. 1 30' S. Turk Islands, or Turk's Islands, small islands among the Bahamas. Lon. 71 W. Lat. 21 20' N. :, Turkestan, or Turan, country, Asia, bounded N. by deserts which separate it from Russia, E. by a part of Tartary, belonging 1 to the Calmuks, S. by Bukharia, and W. by Charasm. Turkey. The Turkish empire lies in the cen- tre of the Eastern continent, embracing a portion of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Turkey in Europe, is bounded N. by the Austri- an dominions and Russia; E. by the Black sea, the sea of Marmora and the Archipelago ; S. by the Mediterranean ; and W. by the Ionian sea, the Adriatic sea and Dalmatia. It extends from 34 30' to 48 N. lat. and from 16 to 29 E. Ion. and is divided into the following provinces : Pachalics. Sq. miles. Pop. Provinces. Moldavia, \Vallachia, Servia, Bosnia with Turkish Croatia and Herze- govina, Bulgaria, Rumelia, Albania, Prov. of the Captain ) Pacha, ] Candin or Crete, Total, Sq. miles. 17,000 24,658 20,165 16,000 38,000 35,990 48,526 1,863 4,218 Population. 400,000 950,000 960,000 850,000 1,800,000 2,200,000 1,920,000 240,000 281,000 206,000 9,600.000 This country has a mild and delicious climate, with a fertile soil, yielding corn, wine and oil in abundance, but the indolent Turks suffer exten- sive tracts to lie uncultivated. The northern provinces are principally level ; but the southern, embracing all ancient Greece, are diversified with hills, vallies, and lofty mountains. Turkey in Asia, is bounded N. by the sea of Marmora, the Black sea and Russia ; E. by Per- sia ; S. by Arabia, and W. by the Mediterranean and the Archipelago. It extends from 30 to 42 N. lat. and from 26" to 49 E. Ion. The area is estimated at about 500,000 square miles, without including the Syrian desert. It is divided into 17 pachalics, which with the ancient divisions are given in the following t 98 r Anatolia, Si was, Asia Minor, al- I Trebisond, so Anatolia, S Konieh, Merasche, I Adana, / Aleppo, Syria, (includ- \ Tripoli, ing Palestine,) \ Acre, ' Damascus, Mesopotamia, \ Turkish Arme- \ , 7 nia Erz n er m , Irak Arabia, -{Bagdad, Total, 280,000 6,000,000 ft 50 ' 000 1800,000 37,000 800,000 140,000 3,400,000 507,000 12,000,000 Besides the pachalics mentioned above, there is a province composed of the island of Cyprus and of a small district on. the continent adjacent. Asiatic Turkey is nominally included within the dominions of the Grand Seignor, yet in many districts the inhabitants refuse to acknowledge his authority. The established religion of the Turkish empire is Mahometan, but at least two thirds of the in- habitants are Greek Christians. The govern- ment is an unlimited despotism. The Emperor, also styled Grand Sultan and Grand Seignor, has absolute power of life and death, and sometimes exercises it with brutal cruelty. The Grand Vi- zier is his first officer, and unites in his person the authority of prime minister, chief justice, and commander in chief of the army. The Captain Pacha is the first admiral and minister of marine. The provinces are governed by pachas, who fre- quent! y rebel against the sovereign. The Turk- ish army consists of about 300,000 men, of whom 40,000 are Janissaries or regular infantry, 20,000 artillery, and 20,000 regular cavalry. The navy in 1806 consisted of 20 ships of the line, 15 frig- ates, and 32 smaller vessels, but it is now greatly reduced. The public revenue is estimated at about $-16,000,000. The public debt in 1807 was between 50 and $60,000,000. The private reve- nue of the Sultan is also very great. The chief manufactures are Turkey carpels, printed mus- lins, crapes and gauzes, cannon, sword blades, and morocco leather. The commerce is considerable, but is carried on principally by the Greeks, Ar- menians, and Jews. The exports, besides the above mentioned manufactures, are corn, wine, oil, figs, currants, c. Turkey, t. Essex co. N. J. 14 m. N. W. Eliza- bethtown. Turkey, r. Missouri Territory, which runs^nto the Mississippi about 30 m.'below the Ouisconsin. It is 60 yards wide at its mouth. Turkey Foot, p-t. Somerset co. Pa. Pop, 1,138. Turkey Hill, t. St. Clair co. Illinois. Pop. in 1810, 1,151. Turkey Point, v. Upper Canada, on Lake Erie, a little E. of Long point, and 60 m. S. VV. Fort Erie. Here are a court-house and jail. 778 T U S Turkey Point, point of land, Md. at the head of Che?apeuke bay, 15 m. S. W. Elkton. Here the British landed in August 1777,when they advanced to Philadelphia. Turki, t. Hind, in Bahar, 31 m. VV. N. W. Dur- bunga. Lon 85 33' E. Lat. 26 18' N. Turkin,t. Russia, iu Caucasus, on the Caspian, 140m. S. Astrachan. Lon. 47 14' E. Lat. 44 15' IN. Turlos, small isl. in the gulf of Engia, near the N. E. point of the island of Engia. Turn, t. Walachia, at the conflux of the Alaut and the Danube, 24 m. S. Brancovani, 84 E. Or- sova. Turnau, t. Bohemia, 44 m. N. N. E. Prague. Lon. 15 11' E. Lat. 53 32' N. Turncf}' Island, in the bay of Honduras, 20 miles long. Lon. 88 20' W. Lat. 17 16' N. Turner, p-t. Oxford co. Maine, on the Andros- coggiu, 18 m. E. Paris, 155 N. N. E. Boston. Pop. 1*v,i> , i2b. Turnersville, p-v. Kent co. Va. Titrness, cape on the E. coast of the island of Hoy. Lon. 3 10' W. Lat. 58 41' N. Twnhout, t. Brabant, 25 m. S. S. VV. Bois-le- Duc, 18 S. S. E. Breda. Lat 51 25' N. Lon. 4 55' E. Pop. 8,605. Turoe, small isl. Denmark, in the Little Belt, 12 m. S. W. Assens, in the island of Funen. Turon, seaport, Cochin China, in a bay of the same name. Lon. 108 6' E. Lat. 16 9' N. Turoree. See Tallalah. Turreff, t. Scotland, in Aberdeenshire, on the river Devron, 26 m. N. N. W. Aberdeen. Turret Island, small isl. in the Mergui archipe- lago Lat. 10 24' N. Tursi, t. Naples, the see of a bishop, 1 10 m. E. S. E. Naples. Lon. 16 30' E. Lat. 40 17 ' N. Turtle Bay, VV. coast of Africa. Lat. 14 56' S. Turtle Creek, r. Pa. which runs into the E. bank of the Monongahela, 12 m. above Pittsburg. Turtle Creek, t Warren co. Ohio. Pop. 3,694. Turtle Island, small isl. in the E. Indian sea. Lon. 132 51 ' E. Lat. 6 35' S. Turtle Island, small isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 177 57' W. Lat. 1950'S. Turtle Point, cape on the E. coast of Java. Lon. 109 58' E. Lat. 7 42' S. Turtle River, r. Georgia, which flows into St. Simons Sound. The bar at its mouth has sufficient depth of water for the largest vessels. Turtle River, r. N. VV. Territory, which rises near Rainy lake, and after a S. course of 40 miles falls into Cassina lake. Turtucala, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria, on the Danube, 34 m. S. VV. Dristra. Turuchansk,i. Russia, in Tobolsk, on theEnisei, formerly called Mangasea. Most of the inhabit- ants have always been Cossacs. 724 m. N. E.To- bolsk, 1,800 E. N. E. Petersburg. Lon, 8844'E. Lat. 65 40' N. Tuscaloosa. See Black Warrior. Tuxcalooxa,co Alabama, on Black Warrior riv- er. Pop. 8,2-29. Slaves -2,335. Engaged in ag- riculture 2,600, in commerce 46, in manufactures 78. Chief town, Tuscaloosa, near which coal of a superior quality has recently been discov- ered. Tuscany, Grand Dutchy of, (an. Etruria,) coun- try, Italy, bounded N. and E. by the Stales of the Church ; S. and W. by the Mediterranean ; N. W. by the Dutcby of Lucca, [t comprises the T W E island of Elba and other small possessions, gov- erned by the archduke Ferdinand of Austria, and contains 8,500 square miles, and 1 , 1 80,000 inhab- itant?. The revenue is stated at $3.000,000. The army on an emergency can be increased to 30,000 men. It is one of the most beautiful and fertile regions of Italy, abounding in corn and cattle, wine and fruits. The principal cities are Florence, Leghorn and Pisa. Tuscarawaa, the name of the main branch of Muskingum river, above Coshocton. Tuscarawas, co. Ohio, on Tuscarawas river. Pop. 3,328. Engaged in agriculture 1,364, ia commerce 12, in manufactures 388. Chief town, New Philadelphia. Tuscarawas, t. Coshocton co. Ohio. Pop. 975. Tuscarawas, t. Stark co. Ohio. Pop. 735. Tuscarora, v. Niagara co. N. Y. 2 m. E. Lew- istown, inhabited by Tuscarora Indians, to the number of 300. They have made considerable progress in civilization, having in a great measure abandoned the chase, and depending for support principally upon the produce of their soil. They have a good meeting-house, a school, and a regu- larly organized church of 17 Indian members, un- der the care of a missionary of the United Foreign Mission Society. Tusis, t. on the Rhine, 15 m. S. Coire, 20 N Chiavenna. Lon. 9 30' E. Lat. 46 32' N. Tuskar, isl. in St. George's channel, off the S. W. coast of Ireland. Lon. 6 10' VV. Lat.52* 13 'N. Tuspa, r. Mexico, which runs into the gulf of Mexico, in Ion. 98 W. lat. 21 28' N. Tutacorin,or Tutucorin,i. Hind. intheCarnat- ic, 25 m. E. Palamcotta, 85 S. Madura. Tutbury, or Tullesbury, t. Eng. in Stafford, on the Dove. Pop. 1,235. 5 m. N. W. Burton, 134 N. W. London. Lon. 141' W. Lat. 52 C 51'N. Tuthilltou-n, p-v. in New Paltz, Ulster co. N.Y. on Shawangunk creek, over which is a good bridge. It is a handsome settlement, and contains several mills. 12 m. W. of the Hudson, 22 S. of Kingston. Tutura, t. Russia, in Irkutsk, on the Lena, 160 m. N. Irkutsk, 200 S. S. W. Kirensk. Lon. 105* 44' E. Lat. 54 40' N. Tuxford, t. Eng. in Nottingham, 15 m. N. Not- tingham, 137 N. London. Lon. 55' W. Lat. 53* 14' N. Tuy, t. Spain, in Galicia, on a mountain, near the E. side of the Minho, opposite Valenca, ia Portugal; the see of a bishop. 40 m. S.W. Oren- se, 50 S. Compostella. Lon. 8 37' W. Lat. 42 3'N. Tuzla, t. A. Turkey, in Caramania, at the W. end of a lake to which it gives name, 28 m. N. Cogni. Tweedy r. Scotland, which from Cold stream forms the boundary line between England and Scotland, and runs into the German sea at Ber- wick. Tweedmoulh, seaport, Eng. in Durham, separa- ted only by the Tweed from Berwick. Twelve Apostles, small islands at the W. extrem- ity of the straits of Magellan, on the coast of Ter- ra del Fuego, between cape Pillar and cape De- scad a. Twelve mile creek, r. N. Y. runs into Lake Onta- rio, 12 in. E. Fort Niagara. T Y R Twenty-four mile creek, r. N. Y. rims into Lake Ontario, 24 m. E. Fort Niagara. Twiggs,co. Geo. on the E side of the Oakmul- gee. Pop. 10,447. Slaves 3,462. Engaged in agriculture 3,319, in commerce 22. Chief town, Marion. Twickenham, v. Eng. in Middlesex, on the Thames, 1 1 m. W. S. VV. London. Twin, t. Dark co. Ohio. Pop. 228. Twin, t. Ross co. Ohio, on Paint Creek, 8 m.W. Chillicothc. Pop. 1,512. Twin, t. Preble co. Ohio. Pop. 865. Twin Creek. See Franklin Creek. Twin, North and South, 2 islands in James' bay, Hudson's bay. Lon. 80 40' W. Lat. 53 20' N. Twins, 2 islands in the E Indian sea, near the island of Paraguay. Lon. 118 3' E. Lat. 9 18' N. Twins, 2 small islands in the E. Indian sea, near the N. coast of the island of Flores. Lon. 122 33' E. Lat. 8" 2< S. Twinnsburg, t. Portage co. Ohio. In 1818, it contained but" families, and in 1822, the number of inhabitants was 300. Twohearted River, r. Michigan Territory, which runs into Lake Superior, 21 m. N. of the Grand Marais. Tybee, isl. off the coast of Georgia, at the mouth of Savannah river. Lon. 81 10' W. Lat. 32 N. Here is a light-house. Tycmoehlee,r. Ohio, which runs into Sandusky river, 12 m. below Upper Sandusky. Tygarts Valley. See Beverly, Randolph co. Va. Tyger, r. S. C. which rises in the Alleghany mountains, and runs into Broad river, 5 m. above the mouth of the Enoree. Tykocsyn, t. Poland, in the palatinate of Bielsk, 28 m. N. N. VV. Bielsk. Tyler, co. in the N. W. part of Va. formed from part of Ohio county. Pop. 2,314. Slaves 100. Engaged in agriculture 500, in commerce 5, in manufactures 43. At the court-house is a post- office. Tyne, r. Eng. in Northumberland, which en- ters the German ocean by the estuary of Tyne- niouth. It is navigable to Newcastle for vessels of 400 tons burden ; and larger vessels deliver their cargoes at Shields, a few miles below. Tyne, r. Scotland, in Haddington-shire, which falls into the sea 2 m. N. of Dunbar. Tyngsborough, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass on the W. side of Merrimack river, 28 m. N. W. Boston. Pop. 808. Tyre, or Sour, seaport of Syria, which derives its only importance from its occupying the site of the most celebrated commercial city of antiquity. It was first built on the continent ; but being ta- ken, and in a great measure destroyed, by the kings of Assyria, a new city was founded on an island i a mile distant. New Tyre was taken by Alexander, who for this purpose erected an im- mense mole across to the island. In the time of the Romans, Tyre continued still a mighty city, and the old and new, including suburbs, were stated to have a circumference of 1 9 miles. During the first centuries, Tyre was distinguished for its zeal in the cause of Christianity, and was made the first archbishopric under the patriarchate of T Z U 779 Jerusalem. During the Crusades, it became the subject of contest between the Saracens and Chris- tians. In 1289, it fell finally into the hands of the former, since which time this once magnificent city has presented to the traveller only the aspect of a ruined and miserable village. It appears however, to be beginning somewhat to revive. It now contains about -200 inhabited houses, two- thirds of which are occupied by the Mutualis, and the rest by Greek Catholics. The chief staple is tobacco, which is sent to Cairo and Damietta ; also charcoal, dried figs, and large faggots of wood. The harbour will now admit only boats. Relics of ancient T3 7 re are every whereto be seen. Numerous and beautiful columns lie along the beach, or half buried in the sand, and the broken aqueduct and other ruins appear in its vicinity. 18 m. S. VV. Saida, 80 N. Jerusalem. Lon. 35 20' E. Lat. 33 10' N. Tyringham, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 14 m. S. S. E. Lenox. Pop. 1,443. Tyrol, province of the Austrian empire, bound- ed by Bavaria, Salzburg, Carinthia, Austrian Ita- ly, and Switzerland, and lying between Lon. 10 2' and 12 20 E. and Lat. 45 46' and 47 46' N. Area, about 11, 000 sq. miles. Pop. about 720,- 000. It is included in Upper Austria and is di- vided into 7 circles, viz. the Lower Innthal, Up- per Innthal, Pusterthal, Vorarlberg, Adigo, Ital- ian Confines of Trent, and of Roveredo. The capi- tal is Inspruck. The surface is almost exclusively mountainous. The chief products are salt, iron, copper, and calamine ; also flax, hemp, and tobac 7 co. From its geographical position and natural strength, Tyrol is capable of making a powerful stand against an invading enemy. Tyrone, county of Ireland, in the province of Ulster, bounded on the N. E. by Londonderry, E. by Longh Neagh, S. E. by Armagh, S. by Mona- ghan. S. W. by Fermanagh, and W. by Done- gal. Tyrone, t. Cumberland co. Pa. Pop. in 1810, 2,604. Tyrone, t. Fayette co. Pa. on the Youhiogeny, 15 m. N. Union. Pop. 1,058. Tyrone, t. Huntingdon eo. Pop. 813. Tyrone, t. Perry co. Pa. Pop. 2,236. Tyrrel, co. in the E. part of N. C. Pop. 4,319. Slaves 1,261. Engaged in agriculture 1,340, in commerce 83, in manufactures 40. Chief town, Elizabethtown. Tysted, t. Denmark, in North Jutland, on a riv- er, which runs into the Lymford Gulf, 40 m. W. Aalborg. Lon. 8 45' E. Lat. 57 3' N. Tywappity, t. Cape Girardeau co. Missouri. Tywappity, t. New Madrid co. Missouri. Tzareragor, t. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the Tobol. Lon. 64 34' E. Lat. 55 20^ N. Tsaritzin, t. Russia, in Saratov, on the Volga, 180 m. S. Saratov, 378 E. Ekaterinoslav. Lon. 4434'E. Lat. 48 42' N. Tzsc/toppau, t. Saxony, on the river Tzschop- pau, which falls into the Mulda. 33 m. W. S. W. Dresden, 7 S. E. Chemnitz. Pop. 4,000. Tzuruchalu, (Staroi,) t. Russia, in Irkutsk, 160 m. S. E. Nertchinsk. Lon. 1 1 9" 32' E. Lat. 49 18' N. 780 V A L V A L U. V. VABRES, t. France, in Aveiron, 2 m. S. W. St. Afrique. Vacha, t. Saxe-Weimar, on the Werra, 30 m. N. E. Fuida, 46 E. Marburg. Pop. 2,000. Vache, or Cow'* Island, isl. 12m. from the S. coast of Hispaniola, about 24 miles in circumfer- ence. Lon. 74 25' W. Lat. 1 8 5' N. Vada, s-p. Tuscany, at the mouth of the river Cecina, 18 m. S. W. Volterra, 16 E. S. E. Leg- horn. Lon. 10 30' E. Lat. 43 17' N. Vadadelli, t. Hind. 25 m. N. Madras. Vado, or Vadi, s-p. of the Genoese, in a bay, with a good harbor, 3 m. S. Savona. Lon. 8 30' E. Lat. 44 14' N. Vadutz, t. and castle, Germany, in Lichtenstein, 26 m. S. Lindau, 34 S. S. E. Constance. Lon. 9 31' E. Lat. 45 5' N. Pop. 1,800. Vagos, t. Portugal, in Beira, near the Atlantic coast, 6 m. S. Braganca Nova. Vagskoi, Ust, t. Russia, in Archangel, at the union of the rivers Vaga and Dwina, 20 m. N. N. W. Schenkursk. Vaigar, isl. Russia, in the Frozen ocean, on the N. side of the Straits of Vaigatskoi, about 24 miles long. Lon. 52 24' E. Lat. 75 30' N. Vaihend, or Scunderie, t. Persia, in Segestan, 150 m. S. E. Candahar. Lon. 66 40' E. Lat. 31 10' N. Vaison, t. France, in Vaueluse, 22 m. N. N. E. Avignon, 23 S. E. Montelimart. Pop. 2,130. Valadares, t. Portugal, in Entre Duero e Min- ho, 5 m. S. W. Melgasso. Valais, canton, Switzerland, bounded N. by Bern, and the lake of Geneva, E. and S. by Italy, W. by Savoy ; about 100 miles long from E. to W. and from 20 to 25 broad. The whole country is one large vale, watered by the Rhone, and en- vironed on the N. and S. by very high mountains. The Valais is a country of extraordinary fertility, producing wheat, barley, rye, good wine, with plenty of apples, pears, plumbs, cherries, chest- nuts, mulberries, small-nuts, saffron, &c. Both hills and vallies breed great numbers of cattle. The inhabitants are much subject to goitres. The religion is the Roman Catholic. Sion is the capi- tal. Pop. 120,000. Valdaia, t. Russia, in Novgorod, 71 m. S. E. Novgorod. Lon. 33 44' E. Lat. 57 50' N. Valdasnes, t. Portugal, in Tras los Monies, 9 m. E. S. E. Mirandela. Valdepenas, t. Spain, in Jaen, 8 m. S. W. Jaen. Valdtpenas, t. Spain, in New Castile, 22 m. S. E. Civdad Real. Valdigem, t. Portugal, in Beira, near the Due- ro, 3 m. N. E. Lamego. Valdivia, s-p. Chili, on a bay of the Pacific. It is one of the most populous cities in Chili. Its harbour is the safest, the strongest by nature and art, and the most capacious of any on the VV. coast of America. 180 m. S. Conception. Lon. 73 54' W. Lat. 39 40' S. Pop. 40,000. Valedia, s-p. Africa, in Fez, on the coast of the Atlantic. The harbour is capable of containing above 1,000 ships, but the entrance, is difficult and dangerous. 27 m. S. S. W. Mazagan. Vuleggio, or Valezzo, t. Austrian Italy, on the Mincio. 17 m. S. W. Verona, 1-2 N. Mantua. Valenca, t. Portugal, in Entre Duero e Minho, on the S. side of the Minho, 16 in. W. Oporto, 30 W. N. W. Bragauca. Lon. 8 20' W. Lat. 42 N. Valenqa de Alcantara, t, Spain, in Estremadura, 24m. S. W.Alcantara. Valenga de Duero, t. Portugal, in Beira, i league from the Duero, 12 m. VV. St. Joao de Pesqueira. Valence, t. France, in Lot and Garonne, 12 m. S. W. Agen. Lon. 59' E. Lat. 44 6' N. Valency city, France, and cap. of Drome, on the left side of the Rhone. 16^ posts N. Avignon, 71 S. S. E. Paris. Lon. 4 59' E. Lat. 44 55' N. Pop. 7,532. Valencia, province, Spain, bounded N. by Ara- gon and Catalonia, E. and S. E. by the Mediterra- nean^ W.by Murcia, and W. by New Castile, about 220 m. long from N to S. ; the breadth is unequal, from 20 to 45. Pop. 932,150. Valencia, city, Spain, and cap. of the above province, is on the Guadalaviar, about a mile from its mouth. The streets are narrow, and there are few fine edifices. The silk manufactures are among the most extensive in Europe. The har- bour is merely a bad road without anchorage or shelter. The surrounding country is fertile and beautiful. 170 m. E. S. E. Madrid. Lon. 27' W. Lat. 39 27' N. Pop. 105,000. Valencia, t. S.America, in Carraccas, 16m. S. W. Caraccas, 12 E. S. E. Venezuela. Lon. 6U W. Lat. 10 N. Pop. 8,000. Valenciennes, city, France, in the dep. of the North, situated on the Scheldt. Large sums have heretofore been spent in repairing and improving the fortifications. The principal manufactures are lace, cambrick, and woollen mitts, camlets, &c. 4J posts E. Douay, 26 N. N. E. Paris. Lon. 3 36' E. Lat. 50 21 ' N. Pop. 16,918. Valenlia, isl. in the Atlantic, near the S. VV. coast of Ireland, 5 miles long. Lon. 10 11' W. Lat. 51 52' N. Valcnza, t. Italy, in the Sardinian States, on the Po, 6 m. N. Alexandria, 22 S. Novara. Valette, or Citta JVuom, city, Malta, and cap. of the island, built on a hill, inform like a neck of land extending itself into the sea. Its walls are of large square stone?, dug out of the rock, and plant- ed with several batteries. On the point towards the sea, stands the castle of St. Elmo, a fortress which defends both the harbors, one of which is called Marsa Mascictlo ; the other harbor is call- ed The Great Harbor, being the largest, safest, and most commodious in this island. The town of Valetta contains a handsome palace, several con- vents and nunneries, and a large hospital. Pop. 23,680, of whom many are foreigners. Valey Island, ?mall isl. in the North sea, sepa- rated by Valnj Sound, from the island of Shetland. Lon. 1 58' W. Lat. 60 15' N. V A L Vaik, t. Russia, in Riga, 72 m. N. E. Riga. Lon. 25 44' E. Lat. 57 50' N. Valki, t. Russia, in Charkov, 16 m. S. W. Char- kov. Lon. 35 44' E. Lat. 49 36' N. Valkovar, or Barkomr, or Valko, t. Sclavoma, near the right bank of the Drave, 15 m. S. E. Es- zeck, 60 N. W. Belgrade. Vallabregues, t. France, in mouths of the Rhone, 3 m. N. Tarascon, 9 S. W. Avignon. Valladolid, t. Spain, in Leon, on a small river called Esquava, near the Pisuerga ; the see of a bishop, and seat of an university. 84 m. N. N. W. Madrid. Lon. 4 47' W. Lat. 41 42' N. Pop. 24,000 Valladolid, or Comayagua, t. Guatirnala, in Honduras ; the see of a bishop. Lon. 88 19' VV. Lat. 14 30' N. Valladolid, or Mechoacan, intendancy. New Spain, bounded N. by Guanaxuato, E. and S. by Mexico, S. W. by the Pacific, N. W. by Gua- dalaxara. Extent, 26,396 sq. miles. Pop. 376,400. Vallen$ay, t. France, inlndre, 22 m. E. Loches. Lon. 1 38' E. Lat. 47 10' N. VaUerauque, t. France, inGard, 6m. N. le Vi- gan, 19 VV. Alais. Pop. 3,913. Valley t. France, in Indre and Loire, 12m. W. S. VV. Tours. Valley forge, place, Pa. on the Schuylkill, 15 m. N. VV. Philadelphia. Valley towns, a Baptist Missionary station a- mong the Cherokees, in the S. W. corner of N. Carolina. Vallonist, t. France, in Higher Alps, 9 m. S. W. Briancon. Pop. 3,287. Palis, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 9 m. N. Tarrago- na. Pop. 8,290. Valluce, small isl. in the English Channel, near the coast of France. Lon. 2 55' W. Lat. 47 26' N. Vallusia, v. Florida, on the St. Johns, on the post road from St. Mark's to Picolata. Valognes, t. France, in Channel, 7 posts N. Coutances, 37i W. N. VV. Paris. Lon. 123'E. Lat. 49 31' N. Pop. 6,798. Valona, s-p. Eu. Turkey, in Albania, on a Gulf of the Adriatic. Lon. 19 28' E. Lat. 40 36' N. Valonia, p-t. Washington co. Indiana. Valparaiso, s-p. Chili, and port of St. Jago, is on a bay of the Pacific Ocean. The harbor is ca- pacious and deep, and ships of the largest size can lie close to the shore. The port is the most fre- quented in Chili, although open to the N. E. and N. VV. winds, which blow with great violence in winter, accompanied with a heavy sea. The country near the sea is very barren, and all the supplies are drawn from Quillota. The popula- tion does not exceed 6,500 souls. Until the late revolution, the only commerce of this port was with Lima. From the opening of the ports by the patriots in February 1817, to July 1818, the imports into Chili in British vessels amounted to $1,800,000, and in vessels belonging to citizens of the U. States to about $1,300,000. The articles were principally British manufactured goods. 225 m. N. Conception, 75 N. W. St. Jago. Lon. 72 16' W. Lat. 33 3' S. Valperga, t. Sardinian States, 16 m. N. Turin. Pop. 3,300. Vals, t. France, in Ardeche, celebrated for seve- ral medicinal springs in the neighborhood, 12 m. S. W. Privas, 18 N. VV. Viviers. Valteline, a lordship, Italy, at the foot of the Alp; : bounded N, by the Grisons, E. by the coun- VAN 781 ty of Bormio and the Bressan, S. by the Berga- masco and the Milanese, and W. by the county of Chiavenna and the Milanese. It is a valley in- closed between two chains of lofty mountains, about 50 miles long, and from 8 to 20 broad. It is exceedingly fruitful, and throughout its whole ex- tent watered by the Adda. This country now forms part of the Austrian dominions. Valva, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra, the see of a bishop, 18 m. S. S. VV. Civita di Chieti, 36 m. N. VV. Molise. Valverde dt Fresno, t. Spain, in Leon, 27 m. S. S. VV. Cividad Rodrigo. Valuiki, t. Russia, in Voronez, 108 m. S. S. W. Voronez. Lon. 37 44' E. Lat. 50 2' N. Van, t. Curdistan, 280 m. N. Bagdad, 120 S. Erivan. Lon. 43 55' E. Lat. 38 9' N. Van, pachalic, A. Turkey, bounded N . by Er- zerum, E. by Persia, S. W. by Kurdistan. Van, r. Wales, which runs into the Bristol Channel, 5 m. below Cowbridge, in Glamorgan- shire. Vance, t. Greene co. Ohio. Vanceburg, p-v. Lewis co. Ken. Vancouver'' s fort, Kentucky, at the forks of Big Sandy river, 20 m. N. Harmar's station. Vandalia, t. Bond co. Illinois, and cap. of the State, is on Kaskaskias river. It has grown up from a wilderness within a few years, and contains already several public houses ; the public offices for the Supreme and Federal courts, and a state- prison. Vanderburg, co. Indiana. Pop. 1,798. Enga ged in agriculture 388, in commerce 1, in manufac- tures 56. Van Diemen's land, isl. in the Southern Ocean, separated from the south coast of New Holland by Bass' straits. It is about 170 miles long and 150 broad, and lies between 40 41' and 43 38' S. lat. There is much fertile land in the island, and the British planted a colony here in 1803, which is now very flourishing. The principal town is Ho- bart Town, on the Derwent, a fine navigable river which falls into the ocean on the S. E. side of the island. The other settlements are confined to the banks of the Derwent, and of the Tamar, which falls into Bass' straits on the N. side of the island. The climate is healthy, and nearly all the fruits of Europe have been successfully introduced. The colony is peopled by free settlers and convicts from England as well as from New South Wales. According to the returns of 1818, the whole popu- lation was 3,557, of whom about one half were convicts. At the same period, the number of acres under cultivation was 5,681 ; the number of horses 264; of horned cattle 15,356; of sheep 127,883. The trade of the island is principally with India, and the Isle of France. The exports are wheat, seal skins, oil, sheep, potatoes, and lumber. Coal, and a valuable species of timber have been discovered on the island. The natives are few in number, but hostile to the colonists. They are said to be as ugly as the New Holland- ers, and as degraded. Vandyke's Islands, two islands, Great and Lit- tle, in the West Indies, N. W. of Tortola. Vangeville, t. Kentucky, at the mouth of Salt- lick creek, on the Ohio, 36 miles above Maysville. Here are salt works. Vaniambaddy, t. Hind, in Mysore, 112 miles E. Seringapatam, 105 S. W. Madras. Lon. 78 45' E. Lat. 12 41' N. ?82 V A R Faniessa, or Devil's Key, small id. in the Span- ish Main, near the Musquito shore. Lon. 82 35' W. Lat. 14 5' N. Fannerij small isl. in the North Sea, on the coast of Norway. Lon. 19 C 44' E. Lat. 70 10' N. f Cannes, s-p. France, and cap. of Morbihan, at the union of two small rivers, which form a har- bor. The principal commerce is in corn, bar- iron, and fish. 13 posts N. VV. Nantes, 56i VV. S. W. Paris. Lon. 2 40' W. Lat. 47 39' N. Pop. 2,131. Fan Schaik's island, N. Y. at the mouth of the Mohawk. FansviUe, p-v. Prince George co. Md. Fanv:erl, co. Ohio, formed in 1820, in the Indi- ana reaewation. Far, department, France, bounded N. by Low- er Alps, E. by the Sardinian States, S. and S. E. by the Mediterranean, and VV. by Mouths of the Rhone. Toulon is the capital. Pop. 283,296. Far, r. which rises in Lower Alps, and runs into the .Mediterranean, 4 m. W. Nice. Farades, t. Fiance, in Lower Loire, 6 m. N. E. Ancenis. Pop. 2,977. Farallo, t. Sardinian States, on the Sesia, 24 m. N. N. VV. Novara, 33 E. Aosta. Lon. 8 14' E. Lat. 45 49 N. Pop. 3,246. Farano, lake of Naples, in Capitanata, which communicates with the Adriatic, 13 m. N. N. W. Monte St. Angelo. Farasdin, t. Austrian dominions, on the S. side of the Drave, with a castle and citadel, 186 m. N. W. Belgrade, 110 S. Vienna. Lon. 1625'E. Lat. 46 30' N. Pop. 4,362. Farbresie, t. France; 9 m. N. VV. Lyons. Farces, t. France, 7 m. S. Grenoble. Farden, or Cuardan, t. Egypt, on the west branch of the Nile, 18 m. N. N. W. Cairo. Fardar, r Eu. Turkey, which runs into the Gulf of Saloniki, 16 m. W. S. VV. Saloniki. Fardegus, small isl. Russia, in the Frozen Ocean, 100 m. N. N. W. Kola. Lon. 30 34' E. Lat. 70 25' N. Farena, t. Italy, on the Lake of Como, 15m. N. N. E. Como, 35 N. Milan. Farenne, t. France, in Allier, 10 m. N. Cusset, 16 S. Moulins. Pop. 2,1 11. Farennes, t. France, in Meuse, 7 m. N. Cler- mont en Argonne, 13 W. N. VV. Verdun. Lon. 5 7' E. Lat. 49 14' N. Farcsio, t. Austrian Italy, 24 m. N. N. W. Mi- lan, 10 W S. W. Como. Lon. 8 49' E. Lat. 45 50' N. Pop. 7,000. Fargel, t. Germany, 10 m. N. VV. Erfurt. Fariely, p-v. Nelson co. Va. Farinas, province, in the government of Carac- cas, lying S. W. Venezuela. Farin Key, small isl. in the Spanish Main. Lon. 83 VV. Lat. 11 10' N. Farna, s-p. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria, on a gulf of the Black Sea, to which it gives name, at the mouth of the river Varna ; the see of a Greek archbishop. It is surrounded by a ditch and de- fended by an old castle. 144 m. N. Constantino- ple, 112 N. N. E. Adrianople Lon. 27 10' E. Lat. 43 14' N. Pop. 16,000, consisting of Turks, Greeks and Armenians. Farpa, isl. near the N. E. coast of Sumatra, 30 miles in circumference. Lon. 103 25' E. Lat. 36' S. Farsovia. See Warsaw. Faru, isl. in the Caribbean Sea, 16 miles long. Lon. 75 25' W. Lat. 10 12" N. V A Y Varzy, t. France, in Nievre, 24 m. N. Nevers, Pop. 2,500. Fasarhdy, t. Hungary, on a small river, which runs into the Theyff, 50 m. N. N. VV. Temeswar, 80 S. E. Buda. Lon. 20" 33' E. Lat. 46 27' N. Faseau, or Boggy, r. Arkansas ter. which flows into the N. side of Red river, above the Kiamesha. Fash, r. Grand Bukharia, which runs into the Gihon near Termed. Fas/igerd, t. Grand Bukharia, 200 m. S. E. Sa- marcand, 110 N. E. Termed. Lon. 67 50' E. Lat. 38 25' N. Fashion'' s Island, isl. near the N. VV. coast of America, at the bottom of Admiralty inlet. Lon. 237 25' E. Lat. 47 10' N. Pasil, t. Russia, on the Volga, 60 m. E. Niznei Novgorod. Lon. 45 44' E. Lat. 56 16' N. Fasit, or Wasit, t. Arabian Irak, on the Tigris, 96 m. S. E. Bagdad, 185 N. N. W. Bassora. Lon. 4538'E. Lat. 32 18'N. Faslui, t. Eu. Turkey, in Moldavia, on the Bir- lat, 32 m. S. Jassy. Lon. 27 45' E. Lat. 46" 40' N. Fassalborough,p-t. Kennebecco. Maine, on Ken- nebec river, 8 m. N. Augusta, 12 from Hallowell. It contains 2 churches, 1 for Congregationalists and 1 for Quakers. Pop. 2,434. Fassy, t. France, in Calvados, 8 m. E. Vire, 23 S. S.E.Caen. Pop. 3,152. Fassy, t. France, in Upper Marne, 9m. S. St. Dizier, 26 N. N. W. Chaumont en Bassigny. Lon. 5 2' E. Lat. 48 30' N. Pop. 2,170. Fastan, t. Curdistan, on Lake Van. In 1386, it was taken by Timur Bee. 20 m. S. W. Van, 58 E. S. E. Betlis. Fatan, t. France, in Indre, llm. N. W. Issou- dun. Lon. 1 54' E. Lat. 47 5' N. Pop. 2,066. Fatht, t. on the N. coast of the island of Samos. Lon. 26 54' E. Lat. 37 49' N. Fathia, or Berbathi, (an. Tyrinx,} t. Eu. Tur- key, in the Morea, 16 m. N. E. Napoli di Ro- mania. Fatica, s-p. Eu. Turkey, in the Morea, 44 m. S. E. Misitra. Favao, one of the Friendly Islands. Lat. of the VV. point, 18 34' S. Faucluse, department of France, bounded N. by Drome and Ardeche, E. by Lower Alps, S. by Mouths of the Rhone, arid W. by Gard. Avignon is the capital. Pop. 205,832. Faucouleurs, t. France, in Meuse, 8 m. N. E. Gondrecourt, 33 S. S. E. Verdun. Lon. 5 44' E. Lat. 48 36' N. Pop. 2,406. Faud, or Pays de Faud, canton, Switzerland, bounded N. by Neufchatel, E. by Friburg, S. by the Lake of Geneva and the river Rhone, and W. by France. Faudreuil, t. France, in Eure, 4m. N. Louviers. Faudreuil, seignory, York co. Lower Canada, on the S. side of the Ottawa, 28 m. from Montreal. Faudreuil, seignory, Buckingham and Dorches- ter cos. Lower Canada, on Chaudiere river, 50 m. S. E. Quebec. Pop. 1,500. Faughan, t. York co. Up. Canada, N. of York. Faugine, t. Pulaski co. Arkansas Ter. Pop. 122. Faugirard, t. France, 2 m. S. W. Paris. Faugneray, t. France, 8 m. W. S. W. Lyons. Fauvert, t. France, in Gard, 9 m. S. Nismes, 18 N. E. Montpelier. Pop. 3,200. Faurille, s-p. France, in Channel, on a bay to which it gives name, 9 m. VV. Cherburg. Lon. 1 37' W. Lat. 49 39 ' N. Fayingen, t. Wurtemberg, on the Eatz, with a V E E castle, 1 i m. N. W. Stuttgart, 28 S. S. E. Heidel- berg. Lon. 8 59' E. Lat. 48 58' N. Pop. 2,700. Ubeda, city, Spain, in Jaen, 3 m. E. Jaen. Lon. 3 31 W. Lat. 38 3' N. Pop. 7,200. Uberlingen, t. Baden, on a rock, in a bay of the Lake of Constance. 22 m. N. W. Lindau, 7 N. Constance. Lon. 8 49' E. Lat. 47 23' N. Pop. 2,608. Ubi, or t%, isl. in the Gulf of Siam, near the coast of Cambodia, 21 miles in circumference. Lon. 105 56' E. Lat. 8 26' N. Ubieau, t. Prussian States, in Saxony, 6 m. N. W. Leibenwerda, 28 S. E. Wittenberg. Lon. 12 20' E. Lat. 51 34' N. Pop. 800. Ucayale, or Ycayale, r. S. America, formed by the union of the Apurimac and Beni, in lat. 10 50' S. It pursues a northerly course to lat. 4 15' S. where it joins the Maranon, and takes the name of the Amazon. Ucker, r. Pomerania, which empties itself into the Frische Haff, 1 m. N. Uckermunde. Ucker Mark. See Brandenburg. Ucker See, lake of Brandenburg, in the Ucker Mark, to the S. of Prenzlow. Uckermunde, t. Prussian States, in Pomerania, on the Ucker, near its entrance, into the Frische Haff, 29 m. N. N. W. Old Stettin, 15 S. E. An- clam. Lon. 13 57 E. Lat. 53 48' N. Pop. 2,100. Uda, r. Russia, which runs into the Velika, 12 m. N. W. Onegka,in Pskov. Uddei-alla, s-p. Sweden, in Bahus, with a fort and harbor, 205 m. W. S. W. Stockholm, 40 E. Gotheborg. Lon. IIMS'E. Lat. 58 21' N. Pop. 3,500 Udina, t. Austrian Italy, and cap. of a province of the same name. It contains a college for the study of law, and a military academy. The prov- ince contains 269.000 inhabitants. 35 m. N. W. Trieste, 54 N. N. E. Venice. Lon. 13 14' E. Lat. 46 10' N. Pop. 16,000. Udinsk, (At'anri,) t. Russia, in Irkutsk, on the river Uda, 260 m. N. W. Irkutsk. Lon. 98 50' E. Lat. 54 15 'N. Udinsk, (Verchnti?) t. Russia, in Irkutsk, on the Selenga, 88 m. E. Irkutsk. Lon. 107 20' E. Lat. 5150'N. Udmska, t. Russia, in Irkutsk, at the conflux of the Uda and the Angara, 140 m. W. N. W. Irkutsk. Lon. 103 9 14 'E. Lat. 54 12' N. Udrigill Head, cape, Scotland, on the W. coast of Ross-shire. Lon. 5 21 ' W. 57 54' N. Udskoi, t. Russia, in Irkutsk, on the Uda, 1,100 m. E. N. E. Irkutsk. Lon. 135 50' E. Lat. 55 16 'N. Vtal town, v. N. J. near Baskenridge, 7 m. S. W. Morristown. f^echt, r. Netherlands, which runs into the Zuy- der Zee, at Gelmuyden ; another, runs into the Zuyder Zee, at Muyden. Vic.titu, t. Germany, :n Oldenburg, 60 m. N. E. Muuster. Lon. 8 18' E. Lat. 52 43 'N. Pop. 1,470. Vedentkoi, t. Russia, in Archangel, 200 m. E. S. E. Archangel. Lon. 46 44 ' E. Lat. 58 45 ' N. Feer, or Fere, or Terae.re, seaport, Netherlands, : md, on the N. coast of the isle of Walche- ren, communicating with Middelburg, by moans of a canal. It is regularly fortified towards the land, with strong bastions and a broad ditch ; and towards the sea is a strong wall. The har'tour is very good. The arsenal is one of the best in Zea- land, and furnished with stores for a considerable fleet. The inhabitants are chiefly occupied in the V E N 783 herring- fisher v. 4 m. N. Middelburg. Lon. 3* 35' E. Lat. 51 37 ' N. Pop. 1,309. Feglia, isl. in the gulf of Venice, near the coast of Dalmatia, about 30 miles long, situated in the innermost part of the gulf of Quarnero. It be- longs to Austria, and is included in the new king- dom of Illyria. Lon. 14 42' E. Lat. 45 16' N. Pop. 6,000. fagiia, seaport, on the S. W. coast of the above island, surrounded with walls, and defended by a castle. It is the see of a bishop. Lon. 14 38' E, Lat. 45 11 'N. Pop. 1,280. yegliana, t. Sardinian states, 11 m. N. Turin, Feisenberg, t. Russia, in Revel, on the coast of the gulf of Finland, 56 m. E. Revel. Lon. 26* 14 'E. Lat. 5922'N. Veitd) small isl. in the Mediterranean, near the E. coast of Tunis. Lon. 11 12 E. Lat. 35 1'N. Vdden> t. Germany, on the Pregnitz, 21 m. N. E. Nuremberg. Feldentz, t. Germany, celebrated for an excel- lent Moselle wine, 17 m. E. N. E. Treves, 38 S. W. Coblentz. Lon. 6 58' E. Lat. 49 55 ' N. Vdttri, t. Popedom, in the Campagna di Roma. It is the see of a bishop. 28 m. JN. M. W. Terra- cina, 18 S. E. Rome. Lon. 1250'E. Lat. 41 42' N. Pop. 14,000. Vtlez Malaga, seaport, Spain, in Granada, neai the coast of the Mediterranean, 13 m. E. Malaga, 40 S. S. W. Granada. Lon. 4 18 ' W. Lat. 36 47 'N. Pop. 8,589. Velez d Rubio, t. Spain, in Granada, near the Guadalentin, 1.4 m. S. Huesca. Pop. 7,000. Felezar, r. Spain, is formed by the union of the little rivers Burcia and Sil. It unites with the Minho, a little above Oreme. J^elidia, t. Morocco, on the coast of the Atlantic. 140 m. N. W. Morocco. Felika, r. Russia, which runs into the Viatka, 10 m. N. E. Orlov. Velino, r. Popedom, which runs into the Nera, 4 in. from Terni. Velhkat, rocks in the E. Indian sea, 15 m. E. of Mysol island. Lon. 131 2 1 E. Lat. 2 1' S. Vdhlri. See Vdttri. Vellum, t. Hind in the Carnatic, 5 m. S. W. Tanjore. Lon. 79 7' E. Lat. 10 43 N. Vtlore, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 14 m. W. Ar- cot, 70 N. W. Pondicherry. Lon. 79 15' E. Lat. 1254'N. f^oloso, t. Portugal, in Beira, 14 m. S. St. Joao da Pesqueira. Venafro, t. Naples, in Lavora, the see of a bish- op, 14 m. N. Sezza, 40 N. Naples. Lon. 13 58' E. Lat. 41 30' N. Pop. 2,798. Venuissin, Contat de, (County of Venaissin?) country, France, formerly claimed by the Pope, but ceded by him to France in 1797. It now forms part of the department of Vaucluse. VenangOj co. Pa. bounded N. by Crawford co. E. by Armstrong co. S. by Butler co. und W. by Mercer co. Pop. 4,917. Engaged in agriculture 930, in commerce 3, in manufactures 135. Chief town, Franklin. Venango, p-t. Armstrong co. Pa. Vtnango, t. Crawford co. Pa. Pop. f>30. renango, t. Erie co. Pa. Pop. 290. Fmnngo, t. Butler co. Pa. Pop. 353. Venasra. or J^enasque, or Benasca, t. Spain, in Arragon, 45 m. N Balbastro, 42 N. E. Jaca. Vcnasqut, t. France, in Vaucluse, formerly the capital of the Venaissin, on the Nasque, 14 na. E. N. E. Avignon, 12 N. W. Apt. 784 V E N Vencalighery,t. Hind, in Mysore, 54 m. W. Ar- cot. Lon. 78 38' E. Lat.42 57' N. Vence, t. France, in Var, 6m. N. E. Grasse, 9 N. Antibes. Pop. 2,615. Vtndee, r. I ranee, which runs into the Sevre Niortoise about a mile E. Marans. Vendee, department, France, bounded N. by Lower Loire, and Mayne-and-Loire, E. by Two Sevres, S. by Lower Charente, and 8. W. and W. by the sea. Fontenay le Comte is the capital. Pop. 268,786. Venden, t. Russia, in Riga, on the Aa, 36 m. N. E. Riga. Lon. 25" 14' E. Lat. 57 12' N. Vendome, t. France, in Loir and Cher, on the Loir, 7i posts N. E. Tours, 22 S. S. W. Paris. Lon. 1 8' E. Lat. 47 48' N. Pop. 7,555. Vendre le Port, seaport, France, in Eastern Py- renees, 12 m. S. S. E. Perpignan. Venerie, La, t. Sardinian states, 3 m. N. N. W. Turin. Pop. 2,700. Veness, cape on the S. E. coast of the island of Eday. Lon. 2 38' W. Lat. 59 1' N. Venetico, isl. in the Mediterranean, near the coast of the Morea. Lon. 25 53' E. Lat. 26 41' N. Venetico, isl. in the Grecian archipelago, near the S. coast of the island of Scio. Venezuela, province in Caraccas, bounded N. by the Caribbean sea and the province of Carac- ca?, E. by Cumana, S. by Spanish Guiana and Va- rinas, and W. by Maracaybo. The population, including the small province of Varinas, is estima- ted at 500,000. The name, " Republic of Vene- zuela," was for some time applied to all the prov- inces included in the Captain-generalship of Ca- raccas. See Caraccas. Venezuela, or Coro, t. Caraccas, and capital of the province of Venezuela, situated in a bay or gulf to which it gives name, on the coast of the Caribbean sea, 300 m. E. Carthagena. Lon. 70 3' W. Lat. 10' 40 'N. Venice, city, Italy, for a long time the capital of a republic, now belonging to Austria. This city makes a very grand appearance at a distance, be- ing built on a multitude of islands, and seeming to float on the sea. The Laguna or marshy lake which lies between the city and the continent, is 5 miles broad, and too shallow for large ships. The great canal, which winds through the city, and divides it into two parts, is 1,300 paces long. Over the several canals are laid 450, some say up- wards of 500 bridges : the highest and longest is the Rialto, which crosses the great canal at its narrowest part. Venice contains 70 parish church- es, besides others, 54 convents of monks, 26 nun- neries, 17 rich hospitals, 18 oratories, and 53 squares. The buildings are of stone, but the greater part mean. St. Marks square is very fine, and is the pride of the city. In the churches and convents are the paintings for which Venice is so highly renowned. The trade of Venice in cloth, especially scarlet, silk goods, and looking-glas- es, is still very considerable. Here also gold and silver stuffs are manufactured. 216 m. N. Rome. Lon. 12 18' E. Lat. 45 28' N. Pop. 137,240. Venice, Government of, one of the two great di- visions of Austrian Italy, containing 9,950 square miles, and 1,932,000 inhabitants. It is subdivi- ded into the provinces of Venice, Padua, Verona, Vicenza, Treviso, Udina, Belluno, and Rovigo. Venice, Gulf of. See Adriatic. Venice, t. Huron co. Ohio, on Samlusky bay, 3 m. W. Sandusky, V E R Vet do, t. Netherlands, in Guelderland, ou the E. side of the Meuse, 12 m. N. N. E. Ruremond. 25 N. W. Dusseldorp. Lon. 6 2' E. Lat. 51 27' N. Pop. 2,082. Venosa, t, Naples, in Basilicata, the see of a bishop. It contains 7 churches. 9 m. N N. W, Acerenza, 35 W. N. W. Matera. Lon. 15 48' E. Lat. 40 58' N. Pop. 4,000. Venta de Cruz, seaport, isthmus of Darien, on the river Chagre, 20 m. IS . Panama. Lat 9 26' N. Vcnlhie, La, t. France, in Straits of Calais, 9 m. N. E. Bethune, 12 W. Lille. Pop. 3,004. Ventoliena, isl. in the Mediterranean, near the coast of Naples, used as a place of banishment for criminals of a superior rank. 17 m. W. Ischia. Lon. 13 19' E. Lat. 40 53* N. Ventrevre, small isl. in the Atlantic, near the coast of France. Lon. 2 59' W. Lat. 47 28' N. Ventry, v. Ireland, in Kerry, with a harbor, 5 m. S. W. Dingle. Vepery, v. Hind. near Madras, where the Chris- tian Knowledge Society have a missionary. Vera, t. Spain, in Granada, 34 m. N. E. Alme* ria. Lon. 2 4' W. Lat. 37 8' N. Vera, r. Eu. Turkey, which runs into the gulf of Saloniki, near the mouth of the Vardar. Vera. Crus, seaport, Mexico, is one of the most considerable places in Spanish America for trade, being the centre of the American treasure, and the magazine of all the merchandize sent from New Spain, or imported from Europe. It receives a prodigious quantity of East India goods over land from Acapulco, brought from the Philippine isles. Upon the annual arrival of the vessels here from Old Spain, a fair is opened, which lasts ma- ny weeks. Pop. 16,000. 180 m. E. S. E. Mexi- co, 1 15 E. S. E. Pueblo de los Angelos. Lon. 97* 26' W. Lat. 19 5' N. Vera Cruz, a port in the bay of St. Philip and St. Jago, in Terra Australis del Espiritu Santo, ca- pable of containing 1,000 ships. Vera Crus, Old, seaport, Mexico, where Cortes landed in 1518, 15 m. N. Vera Cruz. Lon. 97 40' W. Lat. 19 20' N. Vera Pas, province, Guatimala, bounded N. by Chiapa, E. by the bay and province of Honduras, S. by Guatimala. Vera Paz, or Coban, t. Guatimala, and capital of the province of Vera Paz, on a river, which runs into the bay of Honduras, 600 m. S. E. Mex- ico. Lon. 91 14' W. Lat. 15 50' N. Veragua, province, New Granada, bounded N. by the gulf of Mexico, E. by Darien, S. by the Pacific ocean, and W. by Costa Rica. Vercelli, t. Sardinian states, on the Sesa, at the junction of the Cerva. It is the see of a bishop, and contains 14 churches, and 19 convents. 30 m. S. W. Milan, 38 N. E. Turin. Lon. 8 26' E. Lat. 45 22' N. Pop. 16,162. Verchercs, seignory, Surrey co. Lower Canada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 18 m. N. E. Montreal. Vercholensk, t. Russia, in Irkutsk, on the Lena, 228 m. S. S. W. Kirenak, 120 N. Irkutsk. Lon. 105 34' E. Lat. 54 N. Vercholura, t. Russia, in Ekaterinburg, near the river Tura, the see of a bishop. It is fortified, and defended by a garrison. 120 m. N. Ekater- inburg. Lon. 60 14' E. Lat. 58 45' N. Verchouralsk, t. Russia, in Upha, on the Ural, 1 20 m. S. E. Upha. Lon. 59 W E. Lat. 53 36' N. Verde Island, or Verde Key, one of the small Bahamas. Lon. 75 26' W, Lat. 22 54' N. V E R Verde, Cape, cape on the W. coast of Africa. Lon. 17 31' W. Lat. 1448'N. Verde Cape Islands, islands, 14 in number, off the VV. coast of Africa, 390 m. W. Cape Verde, between 15" and 18 N. lat They beiong to the Portuguese. The climate is unwholesome, and the soil for the most part stony and barren, but in some places produces rice, maize, bananas, lem- ons, grapes, and other fruits. Leather and salt are manufactured. St. Yago arid St. Philip are the only islands that are fortified. Pop. estima- ted at 40,000. Verden, t. Hanover, and capital of a principal- ity of the same name, on the Allier, which di- vides itself here into two arms, 56 m. S. S. W. Hamburg, 40 N. W. Hanover. Lon. 9 15' E. Lat. 52 58' N. Pop. 5,100. Verden, principality, Germany, in the kingdom of Hanover, bounded N. and W. by the dutchy of Bremen, E. and S. by Luneburg. Extent, 520 square miles. Pop. 22,550. The inhabitants are Lutherans. Verdi, small isl. near the W. coast of Madagas- car. Lon. 47 50' E. Lat. 14 35' S. Verdigris, r. Arkansas Territory, which runs into the N. side of Arkansas river near the mouth of Grand river. Verdon, r. France, which runs into the Durance, at Pertuis. Verdun, t. France, in Meuse, before the revo- lution, the capital of a pro vince, called Verdunois, and the see of a bishop. Exclusive of its fortifi- cations, it is defended by a fine citadel. It con- tains 10 churches. 33m. N. W. Toul, 24 N. Bar le Due. Lon. 5 27' E. Lat. 49 9' N. Pop. 10,172. Verdun sur Garonne, t. France, in Upper Ga- ronne, 18 m. N. N. W. Toulouse. Pop. 3,442. Verdun sur Saone, t. France, in Saone -and- Loire, at the conflux of the Saone and Doubs, 9 m. N. E. Chalons sur Saone, 11 E. Chagny. Lon. &7'E. Lat. 4654'N. Fereria, t. Russia, in Moscow, 56 m. W. S. W. Moscow. Lon. 35 50' E. Lat. 55 18' N. Pop. 5,541. Verfeil, t. France, in Upper Garonne, 11 m. E. N. E. Toulouse. Pop. 2,144. Vergara, t. Spain, in Guipuscoa, 7 m. S. Tolosa. Pop. 4,000. Vergennes, city, Addison co. Vermont, on Otter creek, at the Lower Falls, 6 miles from the mouth of the river, 13 below Middlebury, 29 S. Burling- ton. It is regularly laid out, and has several mills and manufactories, and considerable trade. Pop. 815. Vergoraz, t. Dalmatia, 20 m. E. Narenta, 21 S. E. Macarsca. Veria, or Beria, t. Spain, in Grenada, near the coast of the Mediterranean, 16 m. E. Motril. Veria, or Cam Veria, t. Eu. Turkey, in Mace- donia, 48 m. W. Saloiiiki. Lon. 21 C 58' E. Lat. 4043'N. Pop. 9,000. Verina, t. S. America, in Cumana, on a gulf of the Atlantic, 45 m. E. Cumana. Vermand, t. France, in Aisue, 6 m. W. St. Quentin. Vermanton, t. France, in Yonne, 12 m. N. W. Avalon, 12 S. E. Auxerre. Pop. 2,316. Vermejo, or Rio Grand, r. Buenos Ayres, which runs into the Parana, near its union with the Paraguay, opposite Corrientes. Vennillion, r. Loui a iana, which flows into the g"lf of Mexico. 99 V E R 783 Vermillion, r. Ohio, which runs into lake Erie, 15 m. E. Sandusky bay. Vermillion, p-t. FJuron co. Ohio. Pop. 266. Vermillion, t. Richland co. Ohio Pop. 639. Vermillion, r. Indiana, which flows into the Wabash, 40 m. below Ouiaton. Vermillion, r. Illinois, which runs into the Illi- nois from the S. 160 m. above its mouth. Vermillion, r. N. W. Territory, which runs into the Mississippi, 40 m. above Peckagama falls. Vermillion, r. Arkansas Territory, which runs into Arkansas river. Vermillion, r. Missouri ter. enters the Kanzas from the N. W. Vermillion bridge, p-v. Attakapas parish, La. Vermillion point, peninsula, Michigan Terri- tory, which forms the E. boundary of Green bay. Vermont, one of the United States, bounded N. by Lower Canada ; E. by New Hampshire ; S. by Massachusetts ; and W. by New York, from which it is separated in part by lake Champlain. It lies between 42 44' and 45 N. lat. and between 71 38' and 73 26' W. Ion. It is 157 miles long Trom N. to S. 90 broad on the northern boundary, 40 on the southern, and contains 1 0,2 Ji square miles. It is divided into 13 counties, and 347 towns. Pop, in 1790, 85,589 ; in 1800, 154,465 ; in 1810, 217,- 895 ; and in 1820, 235,579. Engaged in agricul- ture 50,951, in commerce 776, in manufactures 8,484. Militia in 1821,20,871. The Green mountains, from which the State derives its name, come from Massachusetts, and run along the E. side of Bennington, Rutland, and Addison counties. In Addison county they divide ; the western and principal chain continu- ing a northerly course, and terminating near the northern boundary of the State ; while the height of land, as it is called, strikes off to the N. E. di- viding the waters which flow into the Connecti- cut from those which fall into lake Memphrema- gog and lake Champlain. The western range presents much the loftiest summits, but has ine- qualities which afford a passage for Onion and La- moil rivers. The soil is for the most part fertile, being generally deep, and of a dark color, moist, loamy, and well watered. The interval lands are esteemed the best ; bordering on these is usually a strip 1 or 2 miles wide, which is comparatively poor, but beyond this the land recovers a fertility nearly equal to that on the rivers. The principal productions are wheat, barley, rye, Indian corn, oats, &c. The principal exports are pot and pearl ashes, beef, pork, butter, cheese, &c. The mar- ket for the northern part of the .State is Montreal ; for the eastern, Hartford and Boston ; for the western, New York. The principal religious denominations are Congregatiorialists, and Baptists, who have each more than 100 congregations. There are two col- leges, one at Burlington, and the other at Middle- bury, connected with which is a Medical school at Castleton. The legislative power is vested in a house of representatives chosen annually, on the 1st Tuesday in September. The executive power is vested in a governor, lieutenant-governor, and 12 counsellors, chosen at the same time. Verneuil, t. France, in Eure, 18 m. W. Dreux. Lon. 1' E. Lat. 48 43' N. Pop. 5,280. Vernon, t. France, in Eure, on the S. side of the Seine, 15 m. E. N. E. Evreux, 15 E. S. E. Lou- viers. Pop. 4,074. Vernon, t. Windham co. Vt. on Connecticut river, 49 m. S. Windsor. Pop. 627. '86 V E S T'crnon, p-t.Tolland co. Ct. 12 rn. N. E. Hart- iora. Top. 966. Vernon, p-t. Oneida co. N. Y. 17 m. W. Utica. Pop. 2,707. Here is a glass factory. Pcrnon, p-t. Sussex co. N. J. 21 m. N. E. New- ton. Pop. 2,096. Vernon, t. and cap. Montgomery co. Geo. Vernon, t. and cap. Hickman co. West Ten. J'~ernon, p-t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 20 m. N. E. Warren. Pop. 514. Vernon, t. Clinton co. Ohio, 7 m. S. W. Wil- mington. Pop. 1,383. Vernon, t. Knox co. Ohio. Pop. "103. Vernon, t. Scioto co. Ohio. Pop. 317. Vernon, t. and cap. Jennings co. Indiana, on White river, 40 m. N. Charlestown, 46 S. W. Brookville. VtrnouX) t. France, in Ardeche, 14 m. S. Tour- non, 11 N.Privas. Pop. 2,229. Vtroli, t. Popedom, in Campagna di Roma, the see of a bishop, 44 m. E. Rome. Lon. 13 20' E. Verona, city, Italy, the see of a bishop, on the Adige, fortified in the ancient manner, and defend- ed by three castles. Most of the streets are nar- row, crooked, and dirty, and the houses but mean. In the Palazzo della Regione, or the G uildhall, are the statues of five illustrious natives of Vero- na, namely, Catullus, Marcus jEmilius, Cornelius Nepos, the elder Pliny, and Vitruvius ; but the most valuable piece of antiquity here, is the cele- brated Roman amphitheatre, which far exceeds all others, and count Maffei computed that it held 22,184 spectators. Pop. 55,887. 60 m. W. Ve- nice, 18 N. N. E. Mantua. Lon. 8 9' E. Lat. 45 37' N. Verona, province, Austrian Italy, in Venice, containing 1,330 square miles, and 285,000 inhabi- tants. Verona is the chief town. Verona, p-t. Oneida co. N. Y. on Oneida lake and the Erie canal, 10 m. W. Rome, 20 N. W. Utica. Pop. 2,441. Veroritsa, a strong t. Sclavonia, near the Drave, 36 m. S. S. E. Canischa, 52 N. W. Eszek. Verrez, t. Sardinian States, with a fort, built on a sharp rock. 15 m. S. S. E. Aosta, 35 N. Tu- rin. Vernia, t. Sardinian States, on a high hill, near the Po, opposite Crescentin : the fortifications were once very strong, and the castle was called impregnable. 18 m. N. N. E. Turin. Lon. 8 E. Lat. 45 14' N. Versailles, city, France, and cap. of Seine-and- Oise. In the beginning of the last century, it was a small village, when Louis XIII. buil there a hunt- ing seat, which Louis XIV. enlarged into a pal- ace, in a forest 30 miles in circumference, which became a place of frequent residence of the royal family. The palace is magnificent, with beauti- ful gardens, adorned with statues, canals, foun- tains, fcc. 3 posts S. W.Paris. Lon. 2 HE. Lat. 48 39' N. Pop. 27,574. Versailles, p-t. and cap. Woodford co. Ken. on a creek running into Kentucky river, 13 m. from F.ankfort, 13 S. W. by S. Lexington. It contains about 100 houses, mostly large, of brick and stone, a court-house, jail, academy, and some mills and manufactories. Versitz, or Versecz, t. Hungary, the see of a Greek bishop, 20 m. N. N. W. Vipalanka. Pop. 10,000. Veskire, t. Orange co. Vt. 35 m. N. Windsor. Pop. 1,210. U G L Versoi.c, t. Switzerland, at the mouth of a river of the same name, on the Lake of Geneva, 6 m. S. E. Gex, 5 N. Geneva. Verte Bay, or Green Bay, bay of the Atlantic, between Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. Lon. 63 54' W. Lat. 46 N. Verte Bombay on the N. E. coast of Newfound- land. Lon. 56 W. Lat. 50 10' N. Verton, t. France, in Lower Loire, 4 m. N. E. Nantes. Pop. 4,033, Vertus, t. France, in Marne, 15 m. S. W. Cha- lons sur Marne, 22 S. Reims. Pop. 2,600. Verviers, t. Netherlands, in Liege, on the Weze. The inhabitants carry on a considerable traffic in cloth. 17 m. E. S. E. Liege. Lon. 5 53' E. Lat. 50 36' N. Pop. 10,072. Vervins, t. France, in Aisne, 4 posts N. N. E. Laon, 20i N. Paris. Lon. 3 58' E. Lat. 49 50' N. Pop. 3,000. Verzuolo, t. Piedmont, with a castle, 2 m. S. Sa- luzzo. Pop. 5,000. Vesoul, city, France, and cap. of Upper Saone, on a mountain, 5 posts N. Besancon,43 S. E. Pa- ris. Lon. 6 14' E. Lat. 47 38' N. Pop 5,417. Vesper, small isl. in the Pacific ocean, 36 miles in circumference, 60 m. W. Pernicious island. Vesprin, t. Hungary, the see of a bishop, 32 m. S. S. E. Raab. Lon. 17 49' E. Lat. 47 4' N. Vesuvius, a volcanic mountain of Naples, re- markable for its eruptions, recorded both in an- cient and modern history. One which happened in the 79th year of the Christian era, overwhelm- ed the cities of Herculaneum and Pompeii. In 1794, the lava totally destroyed 5,000 acres of rich vineyards and cultivated land. 7 m. N. E. Naples. Vetluga, t. Russia, in Kostrom, on a river of the same name, 140m. E. Kostrom. Lon. 45 44' E. Lat. 58 N. Vevay, t Switzerland, and cap. of the canton of Vaud, 10 m. E. Lausanne. Lon. 6 48' E, Lat. 4630'N. Pop. 4,000. Vevay, p-t. and cap. Switzerland co. Indiana, i? pleasantly situated on the second "bank of Ohio river, 25 feet above high water mark, and is near- ly equidistant from Cincinnati, Lexington, and Louisville, 45 miles from each. The inhabitants are emigrants from the Pays de Vaud, in Switzer- La'nd. In 1814, the site of the town was a forest, but in 1817, it contained 84 dwelling houses, a court-house, jail, market-house, church, printing office, a library of 300 volumes, and a literary so- ciety. The country in the rear is broken and fer- tile, and half a mile below the village are the Swiss vineyards, where the culture of the vine has been successfully introduced. Vexoe, isl. Denmark, near the N. coast of the island of Laland. Lon. 1 1 41' E. Lat. 54 58' N. Vtzelay, t. France, in Yonne, 7 m. W. Avallon, 9 E. Clamecy. Pop. 1,576. Vezelise, t. France, in Meurte, 12 m. S. Nancy. 13 S. E. Toul. Lon. 6 1 1' E. Lat. 48 30' N. Uffenheim, t. Bavaria, 18 m. S. S. E. Wurzburg, 22 N. N. E. Anspach. Lon. 10' 19' E. Lat. 49 37' N. Pop. 1,708. Ugento, t. Naples, 16 m. S. W.Otranto. Lon. 77 8' E. Lat. 40 12' N. Ugie, r. Scotland, runs into the German sea, 1 m. N. Peterhead. Lon. 1 47' W. Lat. 57 27' N. Uglia.no, isl. in the Adriatic, near the coast of Dalmatia, 3m.W. Zara. Lon. 15" 16' E. Lat. 40 U 18' N. Ugiich, t. Russia, in Jarbalavl. on the Volga, 60 V I C m. VV. Jaroslavl. Lon. 38 22' E. Lat. 57 30' N. Viadana, t. Italy, on the Po, 23 m. S. S. W. Mantua, 10 S. W. Guastalla. Viana, t. Spain, in Navarre, on the Lbro, 16 in. S. W. Estella, 21 N. W. Calahorra. Pop. 3,300. Viana de Foz de Lima, s-p. Portugal, m Entre Duero e Minho, on the N. side of the Lima, near its mouth. 9m. W. S. W. Ponte de Lima, 11 N. Oporto. Lon. 8 26' W. Lat. 41 41' N. Pop. ' Vianden, or Wyanden, t. Netherlands, in Lux- emberg, on the river Uren, which divides it into New and Old Town. The inhabitants carry on a considerable trade. 18 m. N. N. E. Luxem- burg, 16 N. W. Treves. I ianen, t. Holland, on the S. side of the Leek, 7 m. S. Utrecht, 30 E. N. E. 'Rotterdam. Vtatka, t. Russia, and capital of Viatskoe, 624 m. E. Petersburg, 440 E. N. E. Moscow. Lon. 50 22' E. Lat. 58 25' N. Viatskoe, government gf Russia, bounded N. by Vologda, E. by Permskoe, S. by Uphinskoe and Kazanskoe, and W. by Kostromskoe. Lon 46 to 54 E. Lat. 55 40' to 60 25' N. Viazma, t. Russia, in Smolensk, 76 m. E. N. E. Smolensk. Lon. 24" 26' E. Lat. 55 20' N. Viazniki, t. Russia, in Vladimir, 52 m. E. Vla- dimir. Lon. 41 50' E. Lat. 56 10/ N. t Viborg, one of the 4 bishoprics of Jutland. Sq. miles, 721. Pop. 70,000. Viborg, or Wiborg, city, Denmark, cap. of the above, and of all North Jutland, near the centre of the province, on a lake. It is the see of a bishop. 186 m. N. Hamburg, 120 N. Sleswick. Lon. 9 18' E. Lat. 36 32' N. Pop. 4,000. Viborg, s-p. Russia, and cap. of a government, to which it gives name, on the gulf of Finland ; the see of a bishop. The fortifications are very stron-. The principal exports are planks, tallow, pitch, and tar. 360 m. S. W. Archangel, 68 N. N. W. Petersburg. Lon. 28 50' E. Lat. 60 42' 40" N. Pop. 3,000. Viboskoi, government, Russia, bounded N. and W. by Finland, S. by the gulf of Finland, and the government of Petersburg, and E. by Lake Lado- ga and the government of Olonetz. Vic, t. France, in Meurtre, 15 m. E. Nancy, 12 N. Luneville. Pop. 2,445. Vic Bigorre, t. France, in Upper Pyrenees, 18 m. E. Pau, 10 N. Tarbe. Lon. 8' E. Lat. 43 22' N. Pop. 3,026. Vic en Carladez, or Vic sur la Cere, t. Fran.ce, in Cantal, 21 m.W. S. W. St. Flour, 9 N. E. Aurillac. Pop. 2,050. Vic le Comte, t. France, in Puy de Dome, 6 m. S. W. Billom, 10 S. S. E. Clermont. Vic Fesensac, t. France, in Gers, 12 m. S. Con- dom, 13 N. W. Auch. Vicarello, t. Popedom, near the Lake of Brac- ciano, celebrated for its bath?, 3 m. N. W. Brac- ciano, 17 S. Viterbo. Vicegard, or Vissegard, t. Hungary, near the Danube,with a castle, formerly the residence of the kings of Hungary, 9 m. S. S. E. Gran. Vtcenza, province or delegation, Austrian Italy, in the government of Venice, containing 950 sq. miles, and 311,000 inhabitants. Vicenza, city, Italy, cap. of the above, at the union of two small rivers, in a plain, between two hills. Among the buildings are seen several regular stately palaces, and other elegant edifices, V I E 787 and 57 churches. 35 m. W. Venice, 40 N. E. Mantua. Lon. 11 22' E. Lat. 4531'N. Pop. 4,000. Vich, r. Russia, which runs into the Oby, in Ion. 7614'E. lat. 6120;N. Vichy, t. France, in Allier, on the Allier. Near it are some medicinal springs. 3 m. S. W. Cus- set. Viciola, r. Naples, which runs into the Tronti- no, at Teramo. Viciotas, small islands near the coast of Hondu- ras. Lon. 83 4' W. Lat. 15 12' N. Vico, t. Naples, in Principato Citra, the se of a bishop, near the sea. 16 m. W. Salerno. Vico,v. Dalmatia, near the river Norin, in a marshy spot, where the ancient Narona once stood. 5 m. N. W. Citluc. Victor, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y. Pop. 2,084. Victory^ t. Essex co. Vt. 42 m. N. E. Montpel- ier. Victory, t. Cayuga co. N. Y. Viddin, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria, on the Danube, the see of a Greek archbishop, 356 m. N. W. Constantinople, 104 E. S. E. Belgrade. Lon. 22 26' E. Lat. 44 25' N. Pop. 20,000. Vide poche. See Carondolet. Vidiguira, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 12 m. N. E. Beja, 21 S. Evora. Pop. 2,000. Vidde poncher, t. Missouri, on the Mississippi, 6 m. below St. Louis. Vielleborough, p-v. Caroline co. Va. Vielsk, t. Russia, in Vologda, on the Vaga, 156 m. N. N. E. Vologda. Lon. 41 44' E. Lat. 61 40' N. Vienna, city and capital of Austria, the see of an archbishop, on the right side of the Danube, where it receives a small river, called Vien, which passes through the city and suburbs, near the site of the ancient Vindebona. The situation is pleas- ant, for to the east and north the country around is entirely level, but to the west and south are seen a range of mountains,which are thickly plant- ed with trees and vines ; and the Danube, which is here very wide, divides itself into several arms, forming many islands, which are stocked with wood. The circumference of that which is proper- ly the fortified city of Vienna, is not large, but the suburbs are extensive. In the city there are nu- merous and beautiful palaces : but the streets arc narrow and crooked. Vienna contains 50 church- es or chapels, and 21 convents. The university of Vienna was instituted in the year 1365, and is di- vided into four faculties and 4 nations, Austrian, Saxon, Hungarian, and Rhenish. The library contains 90,000 volumes. The imperial library contains at least 300,000 volumes, and a very ex- tensive and valuable collection of prints, and is well furnished with useful modern books. It is open three or four hours every morning to the public. The imperial cabinet is rich in medals, and still more so in natural history. There are numerous charitable institutions, and in one of the hospitals there are annually received 16,000 pa- tients. The medical academy has a fine appara- tus, and is a celebrated institution. The manu- factures of Vienna are numerous, und the trade extensive. The mortality of this city is thought to be greater than that of any other place in Eu- rope ; and it is commonly said that 1 in 20 dies annually. 175 m. S. Prague. Lon. 1623'E, Lat. 48 13' N. Pop. 240,000. Vienna, p~L Kennebeck co. Maine, 26 m, N.\V. Augusta. Pop. 665. 783 V I L Vienna, p-t. and port of entry, Dorchester co. Md. on the W. side of the Nanticoke, 15 miles from its mouth. It contains about 20 houses, and carries on a trade in lumber, corn, and wheat. Amount of shipping in 1816, 16,360 tons. Vitnna, formerly Bengal, p-t. Oneida co. N. Y. on Oneida lake. Pop. 1,307. Vienna, v. in Phelps, Ontario ;o. N. Y. Vienna, p-v. Abbeville district, S. C. Vienna, t. Green co. Ken. on Green river, 158 m. W. S. W. Lexington. Vienna, p-t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 8 m. E. War- ren. Pop. 527. Vienna, p-v. Johnson, co. Illinois. Vienna, t. France, in Isere, on the left side of the Rhone, 10 posts N. Valence, 71 S. S. E. Puris. Lon. 4 58' E. Lat. 45 32' N. Pop. 10,362. Vienne, r. France, which rises about 3 miles E. Tarnac, on the borders of the departments of Cor- reze and Creuse, and joins the Loire in Indre-and- Loire, about 5 m. above Saumur. Vienne, department, France, bounded N. and N. E. by Indre-and-Loire, E. by Indre, S.by Cha- rente and Upper Vienne, and W. by Two Sevres. Pop. 253,048. Poitiers is the capital. Vienne, (Upper,) department, France, bounded N. by Vienne and Indre, E. by Creuse, S. W. by Dordogne, and W. by Charente. Pop. 243,195. Limoges is the capital. Vierraden, t. Prussian States, on the Welse, near its union with the Oder, 24 m. 3. E. Prenz- low, 30 N. W. Custrin. Vierson, t. France, in Cher, near the conflux of the Eure and Cher, 11 posts S. Orleans, 25* S. Paris. Lon. 2 9' E. Lat. 47 13' N. Pop. 5,755. Viesti, t. Naples, in Capitanata, on the coast of the Adriatic, the see of a bishop. 29 m. N. N. E. Manfredonia, 120 N. E. Naples. Lon. 33 52' N. Lat. 41 56' N. Pop. 4,719. Vieux Marchi, t. France, in North Coast, 12 m. W. N. W. Guingamp. Pop. 3,515. Vif, t. France, in Isei e, 9 m. S. Grenoble. Pop. 2,260. Vig, r. Russia, which passes through Lake Vig, and runs into the White sea, 20 in. S. Kemi. Vigan, Le,t. France, in Gard, 36m. W. N. W. Nismes, 23 S. W. Alais. Lon. 3 40' E. Lat. 43 59' N. Pop. 3,848. Viger, isl. in the North sea, on the coast of Nor- way. Lon. 6 30' E. Lat. 62 35' N. Vigemno, t. Sardinian States, on the Tesin, the see of a bishop. 13 m. S. E. Novara. Lon. 8" 53' E. Lat. 45 19' N. Pop. 11,758. Vig not, t. France, in Meuse, on the Mouse, 17 m. E. Bar le Due, 24 S. S. E.Verdun. Lon. 5 41' E. Lat. 48* 46' N. Vigo, s-p. Spain, in Galicia, on a bay of the At- lantic, defended by a fort. 12 m. N. N. W. Tuy, 38 W. S. W. Orense. Lon. 8 43' W. Lat. 42 14' N. Pop. 5,000. Vigo, co. Indiana, in the N. W. corner of the state, on both sides of the Wabash. Pop. 3,390. Engaged in agriculture 1,029, in commerce 22, in manufactures 169. Chief town, Terre Haute. Vigone, t. Sardinian States, 14 m. S. S. W.Tu- rin, 6 W. Carmagnola. Pop. 5,300. Vihifrs, t. France, in Mayne and Loire, 20m. S. Angers. Lon. 27' W. Lat. 47 9' N. Vilaine, r. France, rises near Mayenne,and runs into the Atlantic, 9 m. below Bernard. ViWla, t. Spain in Arragon, on the left side of the Ebro, 27 m. S. E. Saragossa. V I L Villa Boa, t. Brazil, and capital of the govern- ment of Goyas, 450 m. N. W. Rio Janeiro. Lon. 51 24' W. Lat. 17 S. Villa de Conde, s-p. Portugal, in Entre Duero e Minho, on the N. side of the river Aue, 14m. N. Oporto. Lon. 8 21' E. Lat. 41" 23' N. Pop- 3,000. Villa Franca, t. Italy, 13 m. N. Mantua, 9 S. W. Verona. Villa Franca, t. Spain, in Cordova, 13 m. N. E. Cordova. Villa Franca, s-p. and capital of St. Michael, one of the Azores Islands. It is the most ancient town in the whole island. Before its harbor lies an island, about a mile in circumference, and towards the sea the town i? defended by a fort and some other works. It consists of 1,013 hearths, has two parish churches and two" con- vents. Villa Franca, s-p. town, in the kingdom of Sar- dinia, and county of Nice, with two castles. The harbor is sheltered by some lofty hills, founded in 1295, by Charles II. king of Naples, who was earl of Provence : the citadel was built by Duke Emanuel Philibert. In 1691, it was taken by the French, who kept it till 1696, when it was restor- ed to Savoy. In 1705, it was again taken by the French, and the garrison, after a brave defence and honorable capitulation, conducted to Saorgio. In 1744, the king of Sardinia, who was strongly entrenched near the town, at the head of 20,000 men, was attacked by the French and Spaniards, and compelled to embark on board the English fleet, and with his troops retire to Vado. In 1747, it was taken by the Mareschal Belleisle. In the year 1792, it was again taken by the French. 3 m. E. Nice. Villa Franca de Panades, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 20 m. S.W. Barcelona, 24 N. E. Tarragona. Pop. 4,800. Villa Franca de Xira, t. Portugal in Estrema- dura, on the N . side of the Tagus, 15 m. N. E. Lis- bon. Pop. 2,902. Villa Harla, t. Spain, in New Castile, on the Guadiana, 36 m. W. Civdad Real. Villa Hermosa, or Dilla de Mosa, t. Mexico, in Tabasco, on a navigable river, chiefly inhabited by Indians. 66 m. S. W. Tabasco, 60 N. E. Chi- apa. Lon. 94 16' W. Lat. 17 40' N. Villa de Iglesias, t. Sardinia, and see of a bish- op, 36m. S. W. Cagliari. Lon. 842'E. Lat. 39 28' N. Villa Joiosa, t. Spain, in Valencia, on the Med- iterranean, 18 m. N. N. E. Alicant. Pop. 4,800. Villa Major, t. Spain, in Galicia, on the coast of the Atlantic, 27 m. S. W. St. Jago. Villa JVbra d'Jlsli, t. in the kingdom of Sardinia, so called, because it was built by the inhabitants of Asti, from the ruins of some neighbouring vil- lages; and when they understood the advantages of its situation, they surrounded it with walls, bastions, ramparts, deep fosses filled with water, half-moons and other works. 11 m. E. Turin, 11 W.Asti. Villa JVbra da Cerera, t. Portugal, on the S. side of the Minho, near its mouth, in Entre Duero e Minho, 27 m. N. N. W. Braga, 45 N. Oporto. Lon. 8 27' W. Lat. 4155'N. Villa Nova de Portimao, s-p. town, on the S. coast of Portugal, in Algarve. It is a fortified town, seated on a river, which forms a spacious and secure harbour, about half a mile in breadth, and three fathoms deep. It is defended by the V I L of Santa Catharina and St. Joao ; the sand- banks in it render the entrance very dangerous without the assistance of a pilot. This town was built in the year 1463, and contains above 1,600 inhabitants. 9 m. E. N. E. Lagos, 42 W. Tavira. Lon. 8 28' W. Lat. 37 5' N. Pop. 3,463. Villa Abro de Porto, t. Portugal, in Entre Du- ero e Minho, on the left side of the Duero, oppo- site Oporto. Pop. 2,899. Villa JVueva,t. Spain, in Catalonia, on the coast of the Mediterranean, 24 m. W. Barcelona. Villa Real, t. Portugal, in Tra los Montes, 9 m. N. Lamego, 21 S. W. Mirandela. Pop. 6,000. Villa Real, t. Spain, in Valencia, 20 m. E. Se- gorbe. Pop. 6,750. Villa del Rey, t. Spain, in Estremadura, 12 m. N. Badajos. Villa Rica, or Mariana, t. Brazil, and cap. of Minas Geraes, 150 m. N. Rio Janeiro. Lon. 44 36' W. Lat. 20 25' S. Pop. 20,000. Villa Vella de Rodao, t. Portugal, in Estrema- tkira, 17 m. S. S. W. Castel Branco. Villa Vicosa, or Villa Viciosa, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 97 m. N. E. Evora, 27 W. Badajos. Lon. 7 12' W. Lat. 38 39' N. Pop. 3,732. Villa Viciosa, s-p. Spain, in Asturias, at the bottom of a bay of the Atlantic, 30 m. N. E. Ovie- do, 60 W. Santillana. Villacarillo, t. Spain, in Jaen. Pop. 6,400. Villach, t. Austrian States, and cap. of a circle in Illyria, on the right side of the Drave, 18 m. W. Clagenfurt, 26 S. S. W. Muehrau. Lon. 13 39' E. Lat. 4643'iN. Pop. 3,209. Village Hill, p-v. Nottaway co. Va. Villaine, t. France, in Mayenne, 12 m. E. N. E. Mayenne. Lon. 11' W. Lat. 48 21' N. Villandraut, or Villandrade, t. France, in Gi- ronde, 8 m. W N. W. Bazas. Pop. 2,177. Villarino, t. Spain, in Leon, on the E. side of the Duero, 38 m. W. Salamanca. Villaseca, t. Spain, in Catalonia, on the coast of the Mediterranean, 6 m. VV. Tarragona. Villefort, t. France, in Lozere, 20 m. E. Mende, 20 N. Alais. Lon. 3 59' E. Lat. 44 27' N. Ville Franche, t. France, in Aveiron, 24 m. W. Rhodez, 26 N. Alby. Lon. 2 7' E. Lat. 44 21' N. Pop. 10,000. Villefranche, t. France, in Upper Garonne, on the Garonne, 18 m. S. E. Toulouse, 30 N. W. Carcassonne. Lon. 149' E. Lat. 43 24' N. Pop. 2,032. Villefranche, t. France, in Rhone and Loire, on 'he right bank of the Rhone, 3 posts N. Lyons, 58 S. S. E. Paris. Lon. 4 48' E. Lat. 46 7' N. Villefranche de Cortflans, t. France, in Eastern Pyrenees, 27 m. W. S. W. Perpiguan. Villefranche de Perigord, t. France, in Dor- dogne, 36 m. S. S. E. Perigueux, 18 S. Sarlat. Villemur, t. France, in Upper Garonne, 17 m. N. Toulouse. Villena, t. Spain, in Murcia, 41 m. N. N. E. Murria, 56 S. S. W. Valencia. Lon. 1 2' W. Lat. 38 35' N. Villeneuve, t. Switz. in Berne, at the E. end of the lake of Geneva, 15 m. E. S. E. Lausanne, 38 S. S. W. Berne. Lon. 6 46' E. Lat. 46 25' N. Villeneure, t. France, in Aveiron, 6 m. N. Ville- franche, 9 S. Figeac. Pop. 3,104. Villeneuve d'Agen, t. France, in Lot and Ga- ronne, 12 m. N. Agen, 23 E. Marmande. Lon. 48 ' E. I ,at. 44 24' N . Pop. 5, 1 1 8. fwe leu Avignon, t. France, in Card, on V I N 789 the W. side of the Rhone, opposite Avignon, 21 m. N. E. Nismes. Pop. 3,300. Villcntuve de Berg, t. Franche, in Ardeche, 12 m. S. Privas, 10 VV. Montelimart. Lon. 4 35' E. Lat. 44 32' N. Pop. 2, 11 6. Villeneuve le Roy, or Villeneuve sur Yonne, t. France, in Yonne, on the Yonne, 2 posts N. W. Joigny, 15 S. Paris. Pop. 4,605. Villenouvctte, t. France, in Herault, on the Orb f 3m. N.W. Beziers. Fillerealj t. France, in Lot and Garonne, 7 m. N. Monflanquin. Pop. 2,577. ViUers Collerels, t. France, in Aisne, 12 m. S. W. Soissons, 15 N. W. Chateau Thierry. Pop. 2,400. Villette de Anton, t. France, in Isere, on the Rhone, 12m. E. Lyons. Villingen, t. Baden, well defended by nature and art. 52 m. S. S. W. Stuttgart, 22 S. Freu- denstatt. Lon. 8 26' E. Lat. 48 4' N. Pop. 3,316. Vihnanstrand, or Wilmanstrand, t. Russia, iw Viborg, 40 m. N. N. W. Viborg, 100 N. N. W. Petersburg. Lon. 27- 26' E. Lat. 61 20' N. Vils, r. Bavaria, which runs into the Nab, at Kalmunz. Vils Biburg, t. Bavaria, 8 m. S. E. Landshut. Vilshofen, t. Bavaria, at the oonflux of the Vils and Danube, 11 m. W. Pitssau, 72 E. N. E. Mu- nich.' Lon. 13 11' E. Lat. 48 29' N. Pop. 1,592. Viluiskoi, (Ust,) t. Russia, in. Irkutsk, at the con- flux of the Vilui and the Lena. 128 m. N.W. Yak- utsk. Lon. 126 14' E. Lat. 63 50' N. Vilvorde, or Villeforte, t. Netherlands, on the Senne, 6 m. N. Brussels. Pop. 2,682. Vimioso, t. Portugal, in Tras los Montes, 15 m. W. N. W. Miranda de Duero, 16 S. E. Braganea. Lon. 6 14' E. Lat. 41 29' N. Vimoulicr, t. France, in Orne, on the Vie, 15 m. N. E. Argentan, 15 E. Falaise. Pop. 3,093. Vinalhaven, t. Hancock co. Maine, on the Fox islands in Penobscot bay, 13 m. S. Castine. Pop. 1,308. Vinaros, t. Spain, in Valencia, on the Mediter- ranean, 5 m. N. Peniscola. Pop. ,000. Vmay, t. France, in Isere, 4 m. S. St. Marcelin, 12 W. Grenoble. Pop. 2,407. Vincelot, seignory, Devon co. L. Canada, on the S. of the St. Lawrence, 35 m. E. Quebec. Vincennes, t. France, 1 post E. Paris. Vincennes, seignory, Hertford co. L. Canada, on the S. of the St. Lawrence, 9 m. E. Quebec. Vincennes, p-t. and cap Knox co. Indiana, and the largest town in the State, is on the E. bank of the W abash, 100 miles from its junction with the Ohio in a direct line, but nearly 200 by the course of the river, 120 W. N. W. Louisville, 150 N. E. Kaskaskia, 140 E. St. Louis. Vincennes was set- tled about a century ago by the French from Lower Canada, many of whom intermarried with the Indians, and gradually approximated to the savage state. Within a few years American emi- grants have flocked hither in great numbers, and the society is rapidly improving. In 1810 the population was 883, and in 1818 the town con- tained 250 dwelling-houses and stores, a hand- some brick court-house, a land-office, a bank with a capital of $1,500,000, a library of 700 volumes, a Roman Catholic chapel, 2 market houses, 2 printing offices, and a large brick building for the accommodation of the State College. The college however, is about to be removed to Bloomington. 790 V I R Vincent, t. Chester co. Pa. on the Schuyikill. Po -. I,yi8. Vin'-tnt Island, isl. in the Pacific, at the en- trance into Portlock's harbour. Lon. 136 30' W. Lat. 57' 48' N. Vineyard^ t. Grand Isle co. Vt. on isle Motte, in Lake Chaniplain, 28 m. N. Burlington. Pop. 312. Vineyard, p-v. Mecklenburg co. Va. Vingorla, t. Hind, in Coucan, 22 in. N. N. W. Goa. Lon. 73 27' E. Lat. 15 53' N. Vmlain, or Bintain, t. Africa, and cap. of the kingdom of Fonia, on a river of the same name, which runs into the Gambia. Vinlimiglia, s-p. Sardinian States, with a castle. Jt is the see of a bishop. 13 m. N. E. Nice, 18 S.W. Oneglia. Lon. 7*33' E. Lat. 43 48' N. Violet, t. Fairfield co. Ohio, 12 m. N. VV. Lan- caster. Pop. 1,123. Vipalanka, fort, Hungary, 50 in. S. Temesvar, 36 E. Belgrade. Lon. 21 E. Lat. 45 N. Vtque, or Vtcq, t. Spain, in Catalonia ; the see of a bishop, 22 m. W. S. W. Gerona, 31 N. Bar- celona. Lon. 2 8' E. Lat. 41 54' N. Pop. 8,400. Fire, r. France, which runs into the English channel between the departments of the Channel and the Calvados. Vire, t. France, in Calvados, 27 m. S.W. Caen. Lon. 048' W. Lat. 48 51' N. Pop. 7,325. Vire, or Matraca, cape, Arabia, on the coast of the Indian sea, 16 m. N. N. E. Hassek. Virgil, p-t. Courtlandt co. N. Y. 10 m. S. Ho- mer, 155 W. Albany. Pop. 2,41 1. Virgin Islands, a cluster of islands in the W. Indies, to the E. of Porto Rico ; they are upwards of 20 in number, but for the most part desert and barren, and extend 60 miles in length, and up- wards of 36 in breadth They are dangerous to navigators. They belong principally to the Eng- lish and Danes, but the Spaniards claim those near Porto Rico. The names of the principal isl- ands are Virgin Gorda, Tortola, St. Thomas' isl- and, St. John, and Santa island or St. Croix. The three last belong to the Danes. The Wesleyan Methodists hare 3 missionaries in these islands. Virgin Rocks, rocks in the Atlantic, 60 m. S. E. Cape Race, on the coast of Newfoundland. Lon. 50 W. Lat. 46 s 20' N. Virginia, one of the U. States, bounded N. by Pennsylvania ; N. E. by Maryland ; E. by the At- lantic ; S. by North Carolina and Tennessee ; W. by Kentucky and Ohio. It lies between 36 30' and 40 43' N. lat. and between 75 25' and 83 40' W. Ion. It is 370 miles long, and contains about 64,OUO sq. miles. Pop. in 1790,747,610 ; in 1800, 886,149; in 1810, 974,622; in 1820, 1,065,366. Slaves 425,153. Engaged in agriculture 276,422, in commerce 4,509, in manufactures 32,336. Mi- litia in 1821, 88,915. 1'he Alleghany mountains pass through the western part of the State from S. W. to N. E. The Blue Ridge is east of the Alleghany range, and runs parallel with it, dividing the State into two parts nearly equal. In regard to soil, Virgin- ia may be divided into four zones, essentially dif- ferent from each other. The first, extending from the sea-coast to the termination of tide-water at Fredericksburg, Richmond, &c. is low and flat, sometimes fenny, sometimes sandy, and on the margins of the rivers composed of a rich loam, covered with a luxuriant and even rank vegeta- tion. This zone has been formed by a compara- tively recent alluvion ; marine shells and bones V I R are every where found near the surface of the earth. This part of the State is unhealthy in the months of August, September, and October. The next division extends from the head of tide-water to the Blue Ridge. The surface near tide-water is level ; higher up the rivers it becomes swell- ing; and near the mountains often abrupt and broken. The soil is divided into sections of very unequal quality, parallel to each other, and ex- tending across the State. The parallel of Ches- terfield, Henrico, Hanover, &c. is a thin, sandy, and, except on the rivers, an unproductive soil. That of Goochland, Cumberland, Prince Edward, Halifax, &c. is generally fertile. Fluvanna, Buck- ingham, Campbell, and Pittsylvania, again, are poor ; and Culpepper, Orange, Albemarle, Bed- ford, &c. have a rich, though frequently a stony and broken soil, on a'substratum of tenacious, red- coloured clay. The scenery of the upper part of this section is highly picturesque and romantic. The third region is the valley between the Blue Ridge and North and Alleghany mountains ; a valley which extends with little interruption, from the Potomac, across the State, to North Car^ olina and Tennessee, narrower but of greater length than either of the preceding zones. The soil is a mould, formed on a bed of limestone, which often appears above the surface, in veins parallel to the mountains, and making every pos- sible angle with the horizon. The surface of this valley is sometimes broken by sharp and solitary mountains, detached from the general chain, the sides of which, nearly bare, or but thinly covered with blasted pines, form disagreeable objects in the landscape. The bed of the valley is fertile, producing good crops of indian corn, wheat, rye, oats, buckwheat, hemp, flax, &c. The fourlh and last division extends from the Alleghany moun- tains to the Ohio river, a country wild and bro- ken, in some places fertile, but generally barren. Here are mines of lead, iron, coal and salt. A Literary fund has recently been created by the State, consisting of monies received from the U. States for military services during the late war, which amounted in December 1818, to $1,1 14,159, to which is to be added a balance still due from the U. States. The interest of this sum, with the addition of the revenue arising from fines, forfeit- ures, and e?cheats,which has also been appropriated to this object, will, in the opinion of the Directors, yield an annual income little short of $90,000. Of this sum $45,000 have been appropriated by the legislature to the support of primary schools, and $15,000 to a University. The University is located at Charlottesville in Albemarle co. The plan contemplates 10 professors. The buildings are now nearly completed and consist of ten pa- villions for the professors, 5 hotels for dieting the students, and a sixth for the use of the proctor, with 104 dormitories, sufficient for lodging 208 students. Another building is to be erected with rooms for public worship, for public examinations, fora library, &c. According to the report of the Rector in 1820, the sums expended upon the build- ings will consume all the income of the Universi- ty for seven years to come, so that the institution cannot commence its operations till 1828, unless further grants are made by the legislature. The other colleges in Virginia are William and Mary college at Wiliiamsburg, Washington college at Lexington, and Hampden Sidney college in Prince Edward County. Besides the literary fund, there is a fund for internal improvement, under the di- U I S rection of a Board of Public Works, which amount- ed in Nov. 1818, to $1,537,561, and which has al- ready promoted the construction of various canals. The Board have recently reported in favor of the practicability of a canal connecting James river with the Ohio. In respect to character, the Blue Ridge divides the Virginians into two classes. Those east of the ridge, embracing about three-fourths of the whole population, are chiefly of English descent ; those west of the Ridge are descendants of the Scotch Irish, that is, of emigrants from the north of Ire- land. The former were originally Episcopalians, the latter, Presbyterians. Among the former, slaves are as numerous as whites ; among the lat- ter, there are seven whites to one slave. In 1817, the Baptists had 314 congregations in the State ; the Presbyterians 41 ordained ministers; and the Episcopalians 34 ministers. There were besides many Methodists and Friends, and some Luther- ans and Roman Catholics. The legislature is composed of a senate and house of representatives. The senate consists of 24 members, who are cho- sen for 4 years, one-fourth being chosen yearly. The representatives are chosen annually two from each county, and one from several cities and boroughs. The governor is chosen annually by joint ballot of both houses, and can hold the office but 3 years in 7. The staple productions of Virginia are tobacco and wheat. The value of the exports for the year ending Sept. 30th, 1820, was $4,557,957, of which all except $$,829 was domestic produce. The value of the manufactures in 1810 was estimated at $15,263,473. The amount of shipping in 1816, was 70,361 tons. Virieu, t. France, in Isere, 6 m. S. S. E. la Tour du Pin, 1 1 N. Meirans. Pop. 4,069. Viricille, t. France, in Isere, 12 m. N. N. W. St. Marcellin, 18 S. E. Vienne. Virnenburg, t. Prussian States, 20 m. W. Cob- lentz Lon. 6" 58' E. Lat. 50 27 ' N. Virtz, lake, Russia, 40 miles in circumference, 96 m. N. N. E. Riga. Visagapatam, t. Hind, in the circar of Cicacole, on the coast. Near the town is a pagoda dedica- ted to monkies, which abound in the neighbour- hood. The London Society have 3 missionaries here. 50 m. S. W. Cicacole, 100 N. E. Rajamun- dry. Lon. 83 30' E. Lat. 17 40' N. Viscardo, seaport on the N. coast of Cephalonia, opposite the island of Teaki. Vischer's Island, isl. in the Pacific near the E. coast of Morty. Lon. 128 39' E. Lat. 2 21' N. Vischmu, t. Russia, in Tobolsk, 268 m. S. W. Tobolsk. Lon. 60 14' E. Lat. 62 36' N. Vischneivologok, t. Russia, in Tver, 60 m. N W. Tver. Lon. 34 54' E. Lat. 57 8' N. Pop. 3,315. Viset, t. Netherlands, in Liege, on the E. side of the Meuse, 6 m. S. Maestricht, 8 N. Liege. Viseu, t. Portugal, in Beira, the see of a bishop 27 m. S. Lamego, 14 N. E. Coimbra. Lon. T 46' W. Lat. 40 45' N. Pop. 5,000. riainpour, city, Hind, and cap. of a country of the same name. 306 m. N. Seringapatam, 384 N. W. Madras. Lon. 75 27' E. Lat. 17 28' N. Uisl, North, one of the western islands of Scot- land, about 20 miles from E. to W. 13 m. W. from the island of Skye. Lon. 7 W. Lat. 57 42' N. Pop. 3,773. Uiit, South, is about 20 miles Ion" from N. to S. Lon. 7" ','0' VV. Lat. 57 I? N* Pop, 4,025. V L A 791 Vistritza, r. Eu. Turkey, which runs into the Vistriza, 17 m. E. S. E. Edessa, m Macedonia. Vistriza, r. Eu. Turkey, in Macedonia, which runs into the Varder, 25 m. N. W. Saloniki. Vistula, r. which rises in the S. E. part of Sile- sia, passes by Cracow, Sandomirz, Warsaw, Wla- dislaw, Thorn, Culm, c. and runs into the Baltic, at Dantzic. Vitegra, t. Russia, in Olonetz, 88 m. E. Olonetz. Lon. 35 44' E. Lat. 60* 55' N. Vilepsk, t Russia, cap of a gov. of 16,855 sq. miles and 750,000 inhabitants. It is on the Duna, 56 m. E. S. E. Polotsk. Lon. 30 50 E. Lat. 65 C 15' N. Viterbo, t. Popedom, and cap. of the Patrimo- nio, the see of a bishop. 34 m. N. N. W. Rome 4 18 S. Orvieto. Lon. 12' 6' E. Lat. 42 25 'N. Pop. 15,000. Vitimskoi, t. Russia, in Irkutsk, on the Lena. Lon. 11234'E. Lat. 59 5 J N. Vitre, t. France, in Ille and Vilaine, on the Vi- laine, 19 m. E. Rennes, 18 W. Laval. Lon. 1* 9' W. Lat. 48 8 N. Pop. 8,809. Vary It Brule, t. France, in Marne, 3 m. N. E. Vitry le Francois. Vary le Francois, t. France, in Marne, on the Marne, 16 m. S. E. Chalons sur Marne, 15 W. N. W. St. Dizier. Lon. 4 38' E. Lat. 48 43' N. Pop. 6,925. Vilteaux, t. France, in Cote d'Or, 9 m. S. E. Semur en Auxois, 21 W. Dijon. Pop. 2,019. Vitloria, t. Spain, in Alava. It has considera- ble trade in wine and wool, and manufactures of sword-blades. 42 m. S. S. W. St. Sebastian, 40 W. Pamplona. Lon. 2 41' W. Lat. 42 47' N. Pop. 6,500. Vittoria, La, t. Sicily, 20 m. N. W. Modica, 35 W. Syracuse. Lon. 14 38' E. Lat. 36 55' N. Vittoriosa, Citta, or // Borgo, fortified t. Malta, to the left of Valetta. Pop. 3,000. Viu, t. Sardinian States, on the Stura, 14 m. N, W. Turin. Pop. 3,000. Vivien, t. France, in Ardeche, on the right bank of the Rhone. Before the revolution, capi- tal of a province, called Vivarais, 16 m. S. S. E. Privas, 15 S. E. Aubenas. Lon. 4 46' E. Lat. 44" 29' N. Pop. 1,892. Viwnne, t. France, in Vienne, 6 m. E. Lusig- nan, 9 S. Poitiers. Pop. 2,059. Vix, t. France, in Vendee, 6 m. S. Fontenay le Comte, 14 E. S. E. Lucon. Pop. 2,034. Vizianagram, t. Hind, in Cicacole, 108 m. N. E. Rajamundry. Lon. 83 36' E. Lat. 18 5' N. Vizini, t. Sicily, 20 m. N. W. Syracuse. Lon. 14 53' E. Lat. 37 2' N. Pop. 10,000. Ukinskoi, t. Russia, in Tobolsk, at the conflux of the Irtisch and the Oby, 196 m. N. Tobolsk Lon. 69 14' E. Lat. 61 10' N. Ukinskoi, cape, Russia, on the E. coast of Kamt- chatka. 60 m. N. E. Udinskoi. Lon. 162 E. Lat, 58 36' N. Ukraine, a name given to a very fertile country, on both sides of the river Dnieper, now a part of the Russian government of Ekaterinoslav. Vladimir, t. Russia, and capital of a govern- ment at the conflux ol the Kliazma and the Nerl, 100 m. E. Moskow, 408 S. E. Petersburg. Lon. 24 16 'E. Lat. 55 44 'N. Vladimirskoe, government, Russia, bounded N. by Jaroslavl and Kostrom, E. by Nizegorod, S. by Tambov and Riazan, W. by Moskovskaia and Tver?koe. Lon. 38 to 43 E. Lat. 55 20' to 57' 10' N. 3^.1111108,19,545. Pop. 1,066,100. 792 U M B riardingen, t. Holland, on the N. side of the Meuse, 2 m. W. Schiedam. Pop. 5,625. Ulca, or Ulaborg, seaport, Russia, on a penin- sula, at the mouth of a river of the same name, which runs into the gulf of Bothnia. It has a com- modious harbour, and a fine salmon fishery. 320 m. N. Abo. Lon. 25 23' E. Lat. 65 40' N. Pop. Ulea, r. Russia, which runs into the gulf of Bothnia, in Ion. 25 22' E. Lat. 65 2' N. Ulfen, seaport, Sweden, in Angermanland, on the gulf of Bothnia, 25 m. N. N. E. Hernosand. (///on, North and South, 2 small islands on the W. side of the gulf of Bothnia. Lon. 18 27' E. Lat. 63 2' N. Vlieland, or Flielant, isl. in the German sea, at the entrance of the Zuyder See, 5 m. N. from the Texel. Lon. 4 25' E. Lat. 53 24' N. Uiietea, one of the Society islands, in the South Pacific. Lon. 181 20' W. Lat. 16 55' S. Ullapool, seaport, Scotland, in Ross-shire, at the mouth of a river which runs into Loch Broom. Lon 5 I 1 W. Lat. 57 52' N. Ulm, city, Germany, in the kingdom of Wur- temburg, situated on the Danube. This city is well fortified ; the magistracy and principal part of the inhabitants are Lutherans. The cathedral is one of the largest, and its Gothic tower is es- teemed one of the loftiest in Germany. The diet of Frankfort have determined to make Ulm a for- tress of the first rank, and the sum of 800,000 was voted in 1818 for completing the fortifications. 45 m. S. E. Stuttgard, 60 N. Munich. Lon. 9 59 ' E. Lat. 48 24' X. Pop. 15,000. Ulatho, or Ulothow, t. Prussian States, in West- phalia, 6m. S. Minden, 14 E. N. E. Hertford. Lon. 8 45' E. Lat. 52 5' N. Pop. 1,500. Ulricshamn, t. Sweden, 47 m. E. Gothenburg, 24 W. Jonkioping. Lon. 13 19' E. Lat. 57 48' N. Ulster, province, Ireland, containing the coun- ties of Donegal, Londonderry, Antrim, Tyrone, Fermanagh, Monaghan, Armagh, Down, and Ca- van. Ulster, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Greene co. E. by the Hudson, S. by Orange co. and W. by Del- aware co. Pop. 30,934. Engaged in agriculture 3,351, in commerce 16, in manufactures 9. Chief town, Kingston. Ulster, t. Bradford co. Pa. Pop. 704. Ullzen, or Ueltsen, t. Hanover, in the principal- ity of Luneburg, on the Ilmenau, 20 rn. S. S. E. Luneburg, 32 N. E. Zell. Lon. 8 22' E. Lat. 52 58- N. Pop. 2,400. Ulca, one of the western islands of Scotland, 7 miles in circumference, near the VV. coast of Mull. Lon. 6 13' W. Lat. 56 28' N. Ulverston, t. England, in Lancashire, near the mouth of the Dudden, and approachable by ves- sels of 150 tons, at high water. 16 in. S. VV. Ken- dal, 267 N. N. VV. London. Lon. 3" VV. Lat. 54' 8' N. Pop. 3,378. Ulysses, p-t. Tompkins co. N.Y. onCayuga lake, 14 m. S. E. pvid, 180 W. Albany. Pop. 6,345. In this town is Ithaca. Umago, seaport, Istria, 16 m. E. Venice, 18 S. S. W. Trieste. Lon. 13 43' E. Lat. 45 35' .N 7 . Umbagog, Lake, partly in Maine and partly in New Hampshire. It is 20 miles long, 10 broad in the widest part, and discharges its waters into Margallaway river. Umbriatico, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, the see of a bishop, 57 m. E. Cosenza, 101 N. N. E. Reggie. Lon. 17 6' E. Lat. 39 27' N. UNI Umea, seaport, Sweden, at the mouth of a river of the same name, on the gulf of Bothnia. Lon, 20 >J 4' E. Lat. 63 52' N. Ummants, isl. in the Baltic, near the W coast of Rugen. Lon. 13 U 14' E. Lat. 54 30' N. Umsladt, t. Hesse Darmstadt, 10 m. E. Darm- stadt, 30 N. Heidelberg. Pop. 2,250. Unadilla, r. N. Y. which separates the counties of Chenango and Otsego, and runs into the Sus- quehannah. Unadilla, p-t. Otsego co. N. Y. on the Susque- hannah, 34 m. S.W. Cooperstown, 100 W. Albany. Pop. 2,194. Unaka, mountains of the U. States, between Tennessee and N. Carolina. Unckel, Prussian States, in Lower Rhine, on the right bank of the Rhine, 2 m. N. Lintz, 24 S. E. Cologne. Pop. 1,500. Undcrhill, t. Chittenden co.Vt. 15 m. N. E. Bur- lington. Pop. 633. Under vialden, or Unterwalden, canton, Switz. bounded N. by Lucern and Waldstatter lake, E. by mountains which separate it from Uri, S. by Bern, and VV. by Lucern. It measures about 24 miles each way. Pop. 21,200. The inhabitants are universally Romjm Catholics. Ungvar, t. and fort, Hungary, on the Ung, 22 m. N. Munckacz, 46 E. Caschau. Union, p-t. Lincoln co. Maine, 29 m. N.E.Wis- casset, 190 from Boston. Pop. 1,391. Union, t. Tolland co. Ct. 33 m. N. E. Hartford. Pop. 757. Union, p-t. Broome co. N.Y. on the Susquehan- nah, 6 m. VV. Chenango point, 140 VV. Catskill. Pop. 2,037. Union, p-v. in Greenwich,Washington co. N.Y. on the Battenkill, 34 m. N. Albany. Pop. 500. It contains an academy, 2churches, and extensive cotton and other manufactories. Union, t. Essex co. N. J. Pop. 1,567. Union, co. Pa. formed from part of Northum- berland co. Pop. 18,619. Engaged in agricul- ture 1,240, in commerce 30, in manufactures 415. Chief town, Mitflinburg. Union, p-t. Fayette co. Pa. on Redstone creek It contains a court-house and jail. Pop. 3,005. 14 m. S. by E. Brownville, 58 S. Pittsburg. Union, t. Huntingdon co. Pa. Pop. 1,078. Union, t.Mifilinco. Pa. Pop. 1,391. Union, t. Erie co. Pa. Pop. 200. Union, t. Luzerne co. Pa. Pop. 686. Union, t. Union co. Pa. Pop. 1,369. Union, t. Schuylkill co. Pa. Pop. 367. Union, p-v. Loudon co. Va. Union, co. S. C. Pop. 14,126. Slaves 4,278. Engaged in agriculture 4,694, in commerce 46, in manufactures 334. At the court-house is a post- office. Union, co. Kentucky. Pop. 3,470. Slaves 1,035. Engaged in agriculture 576, in commerce 9, in manufactures 90. Chief town, Morganfield. Union, co. Ohio, between Logan and Delaware counties, formed in 1820, from the Indian reserva- tion. Pop. 1,996. Engaged in agriculture 342, in commerce 2, in manufactures 15. Chief town, Marysville. Union, t. Belmont co. Ohio, 7 m. W. St. Clairs- ville. Fop. 1,651. Union, t. Butler co. Ohio. Union, t. Champaign co. Ohio. Pop. 708. Union, t. Clermontco. Ohio. Pop. 1,165. Union, t. Clinton co. Ohio, in which is Wil- mington, the county seat. Pop. 1,656. UNI Union, t. Delaware co. Ohio. Union, t.Fayette co. Ohio. Pop. 1,069. Union, t. Highland co. Ohio. Pop. 730. Union, t. Knox co. Ohio. Pop. 955. Union, t. Lawrence co. Ohio. Pop. 519. Union, t Licking co. Ohio. Pop. 829. Union, t. Logan co. Ohio. Pop. 616. Union, t. Madison co. Ohio. Pop. 720. Union, t. Miami co. Ohio. Pop. 1,064. Union, p-t. Montgomery co. Ohio, 12 m. N. W. Dayton. Union, t. Muskingum co. Ohio, 10 m. E. Zanes- ville. Pop. 990. Union, t. Ross co. Ohio, on the Scioto, 5 m. above Chillicothe. Pop. 2,778. Union, t. Scioto co. Ohio, on the Scioto, 8 m. above Portsmouth. Pop. 322. Union, t. Union co. Ohio. Pop. 1,356. Union, t.Warren co. Ohio, E. of Lebanon. Pop. 1,382. Union, t. Warren co. Ohio, inhabited by Shak- ers. Their number is 600, who live in 11 fami- lies. 4 m. W. Lebanon, 3.0 from Cincinnati. Union, t. Washington co. Ohio, on the Musking- um, 5 m. above Marietta. Pop. 353. Union, t. Washington co. Ohio. Pop. 242. Union,co. Illinois, on the Mississippi. Pop. 2,363. Engaged in agriculture 599, in commerce 8, in manufactures 41. Chief town, Jonesburg. Union, t. Washington co. Missouri. Union, t. Lincoln co. Missouri. Union, t. Lawrence co. Arkansas, on the W. bank of Grand river, 25 m. from its entrance into the Arkansas, 25 from the principal village of the Osages of the Arkansas. In 1820, a mission was es- tablished here for the benefit of these Indians, by the United Foreign Mission Society. The tract of land ceded to the Mission by the Indians is 4 square miles in extent. Coal and salt are found in the neighborhood. The number of the mission family is about 20. Union bridge, p-v. Montgomery co. Md. Union springs, p-v. Cayuga co. N. Y. 6 m. N. Aurora. Unionlown, p-t. Muskingum co. Ohio, 9 m. S. W. Zanesville. Unionvitle, t. Chester co. Pa. United States, country, N. America, bounded N. by the British dominions ; E by the Atlantic ocean ; S. by the gulf of Mexico ; S. W. by the Spanish dominions; and W. by the Pacific ocean. The boundary on the side of the Spanish domin- ions, according to the treaty with Spain, ratified in l'',2[, begins on the gulf of Mexico, at the mouth of the river Sabine, and proceeds along the west bank of that river to the 32d degree of N. lat.; thence, by a line due north, to Red river ; thence up that river to the meridian of 100 W. Ion. thence due N. along that meridian to the river Arkansas ; thence along the south bank of the Arkansas to its source, in lat. 42, and thence along that parallel to the Pacific ocean. On the side of the British dominions, the boundary begins in the Atlantic ocean, at the mouth 01 the river St Croix, and proceeds up that river to its source; thence due north to the highlands which separate the waters falling into the St. Lawrence from those which fall into the Atlantic; thence, along those highlands, in a S. W. direction, to the parallel of 45" N. lat. ; thence, along that parallel to the riv- er St. Lawrence, and thence, up that river, and the great lakes Ontario, Erie, Huron, and Supe- 100 U N I 703 rior, to the most north-western point of the Lake of the Woods. By the treaty with Great Britain in 1819, the boundary line proceeds from the last mentioned point, due north or south, as the case may be, to the parallel of 49 N. lat. and thence due west along that parallel to the Rocky moun- tains. The boundary between the Rocky moun- tains and the Pacific ocean remains unsettled. Including Florida, which has been ceded by Spain, the territory of the United States extends from 25 to 49 N. lat. and from 66 U 49' to 125 W. Ion. embracing upwards of 2,000,000 square miles. This vast country is intersected by two princi- pal ranges of mountains ; the Rocky mountains in the west, which run across the territory in a di- rection nearly parallel with the coast of the Pa- cific ocean, at the distance of several hundred miles ; and the Alleghany mountains in the east, which run nearly parallel with the Atlantic coast from Georgia, through Tennessee, Virginia, and Pennsylvania, to New York. The immense val- ley included between these two ranges of moun- tains, is intersected by the Mississippi river which runs from north to south, through the whole length of the United States. The country west of the Mississippi, with few exceptions, is a wilderness inhabited hy savage Indians, and beyond the me- ridian of 94, the whites have scarcely a solitary settlement ; but the country on the east of the Mississippi is, to a considerable extent, cultivated and populous. The confederacy originally consisted of 13 mem- bers, but by the formation of new States, the num- ber is now increased to 24 ; the names, extent, and population of which, and of the territories, are given in the following table : States. Sq. miles. Pop. in 1820. Pop. sq.m. Slaves in 1820. Maine, 31,750 298,335 10 None New Hampshire, 9,49 J 244,161 26 None Vermont, 10,212 235,764 23 None Massachusetts, 7,250 523,287 72 None Rhode Island, 1,580 83,059 53 48 Connecticut, 4,764 275,248 58 97 New York, 46,000 1,372,812 30 10,088 New Jersey, 8,320 277,575 33 7,557 Pennsylvania^ 46,000 1,049,398 23 211 Delaware, 2,120 72,749 34 4,509 Maryland, 13,959 407,350 29 107,398 Virginia, 64,000 1,065,366 17 425.153 North-Carolina, 48,000 638,829 13 205,017 South Carolina, 24,000 490,309 20 251,783 Georgia, 60,000 340.989 6 149,676 Alabama, 44,000 127,901 3 41,879 Mississippi, 45,000 75,448 2 32,814 Louisiana, 48,000 153,407 3 69,064 Tennessee, 40,000 422,813 11 80,097 Kentucky, 42,000 564,317 13 126,732 Ohio, 39,000 581,434 15 None Indiana, 36,000 147,178 3 190 Illinois, 52,000 55,211 1 917 Missouri, 60,00d 66,586 1 10,222 Columbia Distr. 100 33,039 330 6,377 Michigan, ter. 40,000 8,896 None Northwest do. 140,000 Arkansas do. 14,273 1,617 Missouri do. Oregon do. Florida do. 50,000 15,000 794 U N I The States are usually classed under four di- visions, Eastern, Middle, Southern and H'estern. The Eastern States are those which lie wholly east of the Hudson, viz. Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Con- necticut ; the Middle States are those between the Hudson and the Potomac, viz. New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Mary- land. The Southern States are those south of the Potomac, including the three on the Gulf of Mex- ico, viz. Virginia, North Carolina, South Caroli- na, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana. The Western States are those which lie wholly west of the Alleghany mountains, viz. Tennessee, Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Missouri. The territories are under governors appointed by Congress. The District of Columbia is a tract 10 miles square around the city of Washington, un- der the immediate government of Congress. In that part of the United States which lies east of the Mississippi, the most remarkable feature in the face of the country is the low plain, from 50 to 100 miles wide, which extends along the Atlan- tic coast, from the Hudson to the Mississippi, a distance of 1,500 miles. Beyond this plain the country rises towards the interior till it terminates in the Alieghany or Appalachian mountains. The rest of the U States is agreeably diversified with hills and vallies, plains and mountains. The soil of the low country, except on the banks of creeks and rivers, is sandy and barren ; but the remainder of the country has generally a strong fertile soil, capable of supporting a dense population. The principal production of the states south of Ken- tucky and Virginia, is co'.ton. Tobacco is raised in large quantities in Maryland and Virginia. Wheat is the staple production of the Middle and Western States. Rice is cultivated to a consid- erable extent in the swamps of Georgia and the Carolinas, and the sugar cane flourishes in Louis- iana. The commerce of the U. States consists princi- pally in the exchange of agricultural produce for the manufactures of other parts of the world, and the productions of tropical climates The whole value of exports in 1821, was $64,974,382, of which $43,671,894 was domestic produce. The principal article is cotton ; the quantity of which has been continually and rapidly increasing for more than 30 years. In 1790, the amount export- ed was only 100,000 pounds; in 1795, 1,300,000; in 1800, 17,789.803 ; in 1804,35,034,175; and in 1821, 124,893,405 pounds, the value of which was $20, 157,484. Next in importance to cotton, is wheat and flour, of which the amount exported in 1817, was 1,479,198, barrels, and the value $18.432,000. Tobacco, lumber, rice, pot and pearl ashes, Indian corn, fish, beef and pork, are also exported in large quantities. The principal articles imported may be arranged in the follow- ing order: manufactured goods, principally from Great Britain ; sugar, rum, wine, molasses, bran- dy, coffee and teas. The whole value of imports in 1821, was $62,58.5,724. The shipping belong- ing to the U. States in 1820 was 1,280,165 tons. It is owned principally in New-England and New- York. The States south of the Potomac own only one eighth part. The annual value of the manufactures was estimated in 1810, at $172,762,876. The revenue of the United States in 1819, was $21,435,700. More than nine-tenths of the rev- enue has been usually derived from duties on im- U N I ports. The sale of public lands for several yea?? past has also yielded a considerable sum, and the amount from this source is rapidly increasing. The internal revenue and direct taxes on houses and lands, yield very little, being only resorted to in cases of emergency. The public debt contract- ed in support of the war of Independence, amounted in 1791, to $75,463,467. During the long peace between 1783 and 1812, the country was prosperous, and the debt was gradually re- duced to $36,656,932. The war of 1812, '13 and '14, increased it again more than three-fold, and in 1816, it was $123,016,375. It has since been greatly reduced, and on Oct. 1st, 1821, was $93,686,205. The army in 1820 consisted of 10,000 men, distributed among the numerous posts along the maritime and inland frontier. The na- vy, in 1822, consisted of 7 ships of the line, & frigates, and 22 smaller vessels ; besides these there are on the lakes 4 ships of the line and 37 smaller vessels. The officers are 31 post captains, 31 masters commandant, 196 lieutenants, and 336 midshipmen. The population of the United States in 1790, was 3,929,326 ; in 1800, 5,305,666 ; in 1810, 7,239,903; and in 1820, 9,625,734, of whom 1,531,436 were slaves, and 233,398 free blacks. Engaged in agriculture 2,065,499, in commerce 72,397, in manufactures 349,247. The popula- tion increases very regularly at the rate of about 3 per cent, per annum, doubling in less than 2S years. The inhabitants consist of whites, ne- groes, and Indians. The negroes are generally slaves, and are principally confined to Maryland and the States south of the Potomac and Ohio riv- ers. All the whites are of European origin ; principally English. The New Englanders, Vir- ginians, and Carolinians, are almost purely Eng- lish. Next to the English are the Germans, who are very numerous in the Middle States, particu- larly in Pennsylvania. Next to the Germans are the Dutch, who are most numerous in New York. The French constitute nearly half the population of Louisiana. The Irish and Scotch are found in the middle States, in the back parts of Virginia, and in all the principal cities of the Union. Very little is known about the Indians west of the Mis- sissippi. The 4 principal tribes on the east of the Mississippi are the Creeks, Choctaws, Cherokee?, and Chickasaws. These tribes live within the chartered limits of Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Tennessee. The principal religious denominations are Pres- byterians and Congregationalists, who have to- gether more than 2,500 congregations ; the Bap- tists, who have more than 2,700 congregations ; the Friends have more than 500 societies ; and the Episcopalians about 600. The Methodists are al- so very numerous. The Baptists and Methodist? are found in all parts of the United States ; the Congregationalists are almost wholly in New Eng- land ; the Presbyterians are scattered over the Middle and Southern States ; the Friends are most numerous in Pennsylvania and the adjoining States, and the Episcopalians in New York, Connecticut. Maryland, and Virginia. German Lutherans. German Calvinists, and Moravians, are also nu- merous in the Middle States. The United States are a Federal republic. Each of the States is independent, and has the exclusivf control of all concerns merely local ; but the de- fence of the country, the regulation of commerce, and all the general interests of the confederacy V O G are committed, by the constitution of the United States, to a general government. The legislative power is vested in a Congress, consisting of a Sen- ate and House of Representatives. The Senate is composed of 2 members from each State, chosen by their legislatures for 6 years. The Represen- tatives are chosen by the people biennially, each State being entitled to a number proportioned to its free population, and in the slave-holding States every five slaves are allowed to count the same as three freemen. The President and Vice President are chosen for 4 years, by electors appointed for the purpose, and each State appoints as many elec- tors, as the whole number of its Senators and Representatives. The salary of the President is $25,000 per annum, of the Vice President $'5,000. The principal officers in the executive depart- ment are the Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of War, the Secretary of the Navy, the Attorney General, and the Post- master General. Since the establishment of the present govern- ment in 1789, the growtlj of the United States in population, commerce, and wealth has been with- out a parallel in the history of the world. In 1790, the value of the exports was $16,000,000 : it is now about $70,000,000. The revenue in 1790, was $2,410,320 5 it is now more than $20,000,000. In 1790, the number of post offi- ces was 75, and the extent of post-roads 1,875 miles ; in 1821, the number of post-offices was 4,976, and the extent of post-roads 79,808 miles. The amount of shipping in 1790, was 486,090 tons; in 1820, 1,280,165 tons. For tables illus- trating the state of the commerce, population, and resources of the United States, see Appendix. Unity, p-t. Kennebeck co. Maine, 30 m. N. Au- gusta. Pop. 978. Unity, p-t. Cheshire co. N. H. 50m. N.W. Con- cord. Pop. 1,277. Unity, t. Westmoreland co. Pa. Pop. 2,436. Unity, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. Pop. 1,195. Unna, r. which rises in Bosnia, on the borders of Croatia, and runs into the Save, 16 m. N. W. Gradisca. Unna, t. Prussian States, in Westphalia, 23 m. S. Munster, 8 E. Dortmund. Lon. 7 48' E. Lat. 51 33' N. Pop. 3,150. Unst, the most northerly of the smaller Shetland islands, about Smiles long. Lon. 16' W. Lat. 61 T N. Pop. 1,700. Unterart, or Art, t. Switzerland, in Schweitz, at the S. extremity of the lake of Zug, 7 m. N. Schweitz. Unza, t. Russia, in Kostrom, and capital of a province, 92 m. E. N. E. Kostrom. Lon. 44 14' E. Lat. 57 56 N. Vodina. See Ede.ssn. Vogel, r. Austria, which runs into the Traun, 8 m. S. W. Wels. Vogel, small isl. in the E. Indian sea. Lon. 130 46' E. Lat. 5 12' S. Vogel Islands, cluster of small islands, near the W. coast of Siam. Lon. 98 55' E. Lat. 7 38' N. Voghera, t. Sardinian States, 12 m. S. Pa via, 25 S. S. W. Milan. Pop. 10,023. Voglabruck, t. Austria, on the river Vogel, 27 m. S. S. E. Passau, 110 W. Vienna. Lon. 13 35' E. Lat. 48 1' N. Voglland, circle in the S. W. part' of the king- dom of Saxony, containing 700 square miles, and 88,639 inhabitants. Plauen i the chief town. VOL 795 Voiron, t. France, in Isere, 10 m. N.W. Greno- ble. Pop. 4,800. Voitsberg,or Woitssberg, t Austria, on the Kai- nach, 20 m. VV. S. W. Gratz, 86 S. S. W. Vienna. Lon. 15 E. Lat. 47 4' N. Vojussa, r. Eu. Turkey, which runs into the Adriatic, 7 m. N. Valona. Vokscha, r. Russia, which joins the Me/en, 16 m. N. Olenskoi. Volano, s-p. Italy, at the mouth of the southern branch of the Po, 23 m. E. Ferrara. Volcano, (an. Hiera,~) one of the largest of the Lipari islands. Lori. 15" 13' E. Lat. 38 30' N. Volcano, isl. in the Pacific, 24 m. N. Egmont isl- and. Lon. 165 4' E. Lat. 10 17' S. Volckach, t. Bavaria, on the Maine, 11 m. N. E. Wurzbtirg, 12 S. Schweinfurt. Lon. 10 14 E. Lat. 49 54' N. Pop. 1,740. Volconda, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 95 m. S. Ar- cot. Lon. 79 10' E. Lat. 1 1 10' N. Volga, r. Russia, formed by two streams, which unite in Ion. 51 20' E. lat 56 40' N. Its general course is first east, and then south, till it falls into the Caspian sea by 70 mouths. It is more than 3,000 miles long, being the longest river in Eu- rope, and is navigable to Tver near its source. There is a canal connecting it with the Neva, which opens a communication between the Baltic and the Caspian, and it is supposed that 4,000 ves- sels pass through it annually. This river abounds in fish more than any other river of the old world. Volhynia, government, Russia, bounded N. by Grodno and Minsk, E. by Kiev, S. by Padolia, and W. by' the new kingdom of Poland. Volisso, seaport, on the W. coast of the island of Scio. Lon. 25 56' E. Lat 3827'N. Volkenmarck, or VolkelMarkt, t. Austrian states, on the N. side of the Drave, 12 m. E. Clagenfurt, 10 S. W. St. Andre. Lon. 12 20' E. Lat. 46 41' N. Volkmarsen, or Volmarsheim, t. Prussian states, in Westphalia, 18 m. S. E. Paderborn, 20 E. Bri- lon. Lon. 9 8' E. Lat. 51 23' N. Pop. 2,100. Vollenhoven, t. Netherlands, in Overyssel, near the Zuyder Zee. It is not large, but carries on a considerable trade. 31 m. W. Covorden, 28 N. De venter. Lon.5 c 5i'E. Lat. 52 44' N. Vollore, t. France, in Puy de Dome, 5 m. S. S. E. Thiers. Pop. 3,330. Vobnar, t. Russia, in Riga, 56 m. N. N. E. Ri- ga. Lon. 25 14' E. Lat. 57 36' N. Volney, t. Oswego co N. Y. on Onondaga river, 50m. W.Rome. Pop. 1,691. Vulo, seaport, Eu. Turkey, in Thessaly, in a gulf to which it gives name, 38 m. N. W. Larisaa. Lon. 23 12' E. Lat. 39 28' N. Vologda, city, Russia, and cap. of a government on the Suchona, the see of an archbishop, 320 m. S. Archangel, 308 E. Petersburg. Lon. 40 14' E. Lat. 59 13' 30" N. Pop. 10,529. Vologodskoi, government, Russia, bounded N. by Archangel, E. by Tobolsk, S. by Perm, Viatka, Kostrom, and Jaroslav, and W. by Olonetz and Novgorod. Sq. miles 178,490. Pop. 665,000. Lon. 39 to 59 E. Lat. 58 30' to 65 20' N. Volpiano, t. Sardinian states, 9 m. N. N. E. Tu- rin. Pop. 3,640. Volfa, t. A. Turkey, on the S. coast of Natolia. Lon. 27 16' E. Lat. 36 46' N. Volsk, t. Russia, in Saratov, on the Volga, 76 m. N. E. Saratov. Lon. 47 44' E. Lat. 52 15' N. Valla, or Rio Volta, r. Africa, which separates 796 V O U the Gold coast from the Slave coast, and runs in- to the Atlantic. Lon. 47' W. Lat. 5 50' N. Volltrra, t. Tuscany, formerly one of the an- cient 12 cities, now a lonely, mean place, 29 m. E. S. E. Leghorn, 29 S. W. Florence. Lon. 10" 52' E. Lat. 43 C 23' N. Pop. 5,000. Voliurara, t. Naples, in Capitanata, the see of a bishop, 38 m. W. S. W. Manfredonia, 53 N.E. Na- ples. Lon. 15 E. Lat. 41 28' N. folturno, t. Naples, on a river of the same name, near its mouth, 12 m. W. Capua. Pelvic, t. France, in Puy de Dome, 3 m. S. W. Riom, 6 N. N. W. Clermont. Pop. 2,082. Voluntown, t. Windham co. Ct. Pop. 1,116. Fbna, t. A. Turkey, in Sivas, 70 m. W. Trebi- sond. Lon. 38 E. Lat. 41 10' N. fonitza, t. Eu. Turkey, in Albania, 62 m. N. W. Lepanto. Lon. 21 2' E. Lat. 39 15' N. Pop. 2,000. Foorn, or Ost-P'oorn, isl. Holland, at the mouth of the Meuse ; about 20 miles long and 5 broad. Vorden, or Voerden, t. Germany, 17 m. E. N. E. Paderborn. Lon. 9 18' E. Lat. 51 45' N. Vorden, t. Germany, 10 m. N. N. E. Osnabruck. Lon. 8* 4' E. Lat. 52 29' N. Voreppe, t. France, in Isere, 8 m. N. N. W. Gre- noble. Pop. 4,531. Voringen Stadt, t. Germany, 10 m. S. E. Hohen- zollern. Lon. 9 15' E. Lat. 48 IV N. Voronex, t. Russia, and cap. of a government at the conflux of the Voronez with the Don. The citadel is on the opposite side of the river, fur- nished with 150 pieces of cannon, and a large gar- rison. Here are docks for building vessels, large and small, good warehouses for naval stores, &c. It is the see of a bishop, and a place of considera- ble trade. 256 m. S. Moscow, 620 S. E. Riga, 596 S. S. E. Petersburg. Lon. 39 E. Lat. 51 40' 30" N. Pop. 15,000. Voronesskoi) government, Russia, bounded N. E. by Tambovskoe, S. and S. E. by the country of theCossacs, N. W. by Orlovskoe, W. by Kurskoe and Charkovskoe. Lon. 37 to 42 E. Lat. 48 50' to 53 16' N. Pop. 769,700. Vortitza, or Vostitza, t. Eu. Turkey, in the Mo- rea, on the S. coast of the gulf of Lepanto, 40 m. N. W. Corinth. Vosget, mountains, France, a continuation of the Mount Jura chain. They extend along the W. side of the Rhine, in a northerly direction into Germany, and terminate about lat. 50 N. Vosgcs, department, France, bounded N. by Meuse, Meurte, and Lower Rhine, E. by Upper and Lower Rhine, S. by Upper Saone, and W. by Upper Marne. Epinal is the capital. Sq. miles 2,3:32. Pop. 334,169. Vospor, t. Russia, in Tauris, 112 m. E. S. E. Perekop. Lon. 36 26' E. Lat. 45 20' N. Fouga, t. Portugal, in Beira, on a river of the seme name, 26 m. N. Coimbra. Vonillt, t. France, in Vienne, 8 m. N. W.Poi- tiers, 12 N. Lusignan. Voura^ r. Eu. Turkey, which separates Thes- saly from Albania, and runs into the gulf of Arta. Vourla, seaport, A. Turkey, in Natolia, on the site of Clazomene, one of the 12 cities of Ionia, 20 m. W. Smyrna. Lon. 26 40' E. Lat. 38 24' N. Voutezat, t. France, in Correze, 9 m. N. W. Brive Pop. 2,074. Vouvray, t. France, in Indre and Loire, 4 m. E. Tours. Pop. 2, 100. Vouzieres, t. France, in Ardennes, 27 posts N. E. Paris. Lon. 4" 42' E. Lat. 49 U 23' N. U R E Voz, lake, Russia, in Novgorod, 60 miles in cir- cumference. Lon. 38 54' E. Lat. 60" 30' N. Ffm'rt, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bessarabia, on the Black sea, 26 m. VV. Ochtakov. Upha. See Oufa. Upland, province in the old division of Swe- den, bounded N. by the gulf of Bothnia, E. by the Baltic, S. by the Malar lake, and W. by West- mannland. Upper , t. Lawrence co. Ohio. Pop 414. Upper lake, lake of Ireland, in Kerry, 4m. from Lough Lane, with which it communicates. Upper quivre, t. St. Charles co. Missouri. Uppervillc, p-v. London co. Va. Uppingham, t. Eng. in Rutland, 36 m. S. Not- tingham, 90 N. London. Lon. 1 38' W. Lat. 52 36' N. Upsal, city, Sweden, on the river Fyris. It was anciently the capital of Sweden, and the kings are still generally crowned here. Here is a univer- sity, with a valuable library, an astronomical ob- servatory, a physic garden, 21 professors, and up- wards of 1,000 students. Upsal is the see of an archbishop. 35 m. N. Stockholm. Lon. 17 26' E. Lat. 59 51' N. Pop. 4,403. Upton, t. Eng. in Worcestershire, on the Severn, 10 m. S. Worcester, 1 11 W. N. W. London. Lon. 2 7' W. Lat. 52 6' N. Upton, t. Worcester co. Mass. 14 m. S. E. Worcester, 38 S. W. Boston. Pop. 1,088. Urach, t. Wurtemberg, with considerable man- ufactures of damask and other linens, on the Hems, 21 m. S. S. E. Stuttgard, 24 W. Ulm. Lon. 9 27' E. Lat. 48 27' N. Pop. 2,700. Uraguay,r. Brazil, which after a course of about 600 mile?, joins the Parana, in lat. 34 S. and the united stream takes the name of La Plata. Ural Mountains. See OuraL Ural, or Jaik, r. Russia, which rises in Ion. 53 44' E. lat. 54 N. and runs into the Caspian sea near Guriev, inlon. 52 14' E. lat. 47 15' N. Uralsk, t. Russia, in Caucasus, on the Ural, 328 m. N. N. E. Astracan, 696 S. W. Tobolsk. Lon. 5154'E. Lat. 51 10' N. Parana, or Urana, t. Dalmatia, on a lake to which it gives name, anciently an important fo~- tress, 15 m. E. S. E. Zara. Urbania, or Caslel Duranle, t. Popedom, the see of a bishop, 7 m. S. S. W. Urbino. Urbanna, formerly Four corners, v. in Port- land, Chatauque co. N. Y. 2 m. from lake Erie, on the road to Chatauque lake. Urbanna, p-t. Middlesex co. Va. on the S. side of the Rappahannock, 60m. E. N. E. Richmond. Urbanna, p-t. and cap. Champaign co. Ohio, 44 m. W. Columbus, 34 N. E. Dayton. It contains a court-house and jail, a bank, a printing-office, a market-house, a Methodist church, and about 120 houses. Pop. (including town) 1,772. Urbino, a province of the Popedom, bounded N. by Romagna, N. E. hy the Adriatic, S. E. by Ancona, S. by the Perugiano, and W. by Tuscany and Romagna. Urbino, city of the Popedom, near the head of the Foglio, the see of an archbishop. The univer- sity is one of the most ancient in Italy. In the churches are seen some paintings of the celebra- ted Raphael and Frederic Barocci. Raphael was a native of Urbino. 54 m. E. Florence, 1J5N. Rome. Lon. 12 32' E. Lat. 43 48' N. Pop. 8,000. Ure, or Yure, r. Eng. in York, which, below Boroughbridge, joins the Swale, and takes the name ef Ouse. U T I Urgel, t. Spain, in Catalonia, the see of a bish- op, 65 m. N. N. W. Barcelona, 60 N. E. Balbas- tro. Lon. i 22' E. Lat. 42 24' N. Pop. 3,200. Uri, canton, Switz. bounded N. by Schweitz, E. by Claris, S. by Italy, and W. by Underwal- den, 60 m. long and 28 broad. It consists of high mountains, and deep vallies. Altorff is the capi- tal. Pop, 145,215 Catholics. Urjup, one of the Kurile islands, 54 miles long, and from 8 to 16 broad. Lon. 169 E. Lat. 46 25' N. Urkonge, or Korkanje, or Orkange, or Urgentz, t. Asia, and cap. of Charasm, on a branch of the Ji- hon, which runs into the lake Aral, 320m. W. N. W. Samarcand. Lon. 58 30' E. Lat. 42 35' N. Urkup, or Yerkup, t. A. Turkey, in Caramania, on the Kizel-ermak, 10 m. W. S. W. Tocat. Lon. 34 18 'E. Lat. 38 37' N. Urnaschen, t. Switzerland, 5 m. S. W. Appen- zel. Urquhart, t. Scotland, in Ross-shire, on the Frith of Cromarty, 12 m. W. S. W. Cromarty. Urrishead, cape, Ireland, on the N. coast of Mayo, at the entrance of Broad Haven. Lon. 9 48' W. Lat. 54 1 9' N. Ursel, t. Germany, 18 m. E. N. E. Mentz. Urseren, t. Switz. in Uri, in a valley, to which it gives name, on the Reuss, 17 m. S. S. E. Altorff. Usbrks, or Usbek Tatars, the ruling people oi Grand Bukharia, and all the S. parts of Tartary. They are the most civilized of the Mahometan Tartars, but lead a pastoral life. Usedom, isl. in the Baltic, separated from the coast of Pomerania, partly by the river Peene,and partly by the Frische Haff, 30 miles long. Lon. 13 11' to 1358'E. Lat. 54 15' to 54 45' N. The town of Usedom, is on the S. W. coast, on the Fris- che Haff, 8m. E. Anclam, 38 N. N. W. Old Stet- tin. Pop. 1,100. Ushanti or Oucssant, (an. Uxantis,') isl. off the W. coast of France, 10 m. from the continent, and about 12 miles in circumference, defended by a castle. Lon. 5 W. Lat. 58 29' N. Pop. 700. Usingen, t. in the dutchy of Nassau, 12 m. S. S. E. Weilburg, 22 N. E. Mentz. Pop. 1,500. Usk, t. Eng. in Monmouth, on the river Usk, which falls into the Severn, 12 m, S. W. Mon- mouth, 140 W. London. Lon. 3 W. Lat. 51 42' N. Uslar, t. Hanover, 17 m. W. N. W. Gottingen. Pop. 1,550. Usman, t. Russia, in Tambov, 40 m. S. W. Tambov. Lon. 40 24' E. Lat 52" 8' N. Pop. 2,490. Uisel, t. France, in Correze, 32 m. E. N. E. Uzerches, 30 N. E. Tulle. Lon. 2 23' E. Lat. 45" 23' N. Pop. 3,036. Uslarilz, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees, 48 m. W. Pau, 6 S. Bayonne. Lon. 1 23' W. Lat. 43 23' N. Uslica, isl. in the Mediterranean, 25 m. from the coa&t of Sicily. Lon. 13 36' E. Lat. 38 44' N. Usliug, t. Russia, in Vologda, on the Dwina, at the conftux of the Suchonaand the Jug ; the see of an archbishop, 200 m. N. N. W. Viatka, 464 E. Petersburg. Lon. 45 40' E. Lat. 60 56' N. Pop. 8,933. Ustiuzna, t. Russia, in Novgorod, on the river Mologa, 1 44 m. E. Novgorod. Pop. 2,586. Utawat. See Ottawa. Utica, a flourishing incorporated post-village of N. Y. the commercial capital of the Great West- U 79? ern District of the state, situated on the S. bank of the Mohawk, on the site of Old Fort Schuyler, 15 m. S. E. Rome, 93 W. N. W. Albany. It is hand- somely laid out in streets and squares, and con- tains 7 houses of public worship ; 2 for Presbyte- rians, 1 for Episcopalians, 1 for Methodists, 2 for Baptists, and 1 for Roman Catholics ; an academy, 4 printing offices, and 2 banks. The Supreme Court holds its October term in this town. This village is the central point where all the principal turnpikes from variorfs parts of the state unite, and it forms the key of trade and travel between a large section of the western country and the At- lantic ports. The Erie canal passes through it and adds to its importance. Lat. 43 6'N. Lon. 7513'W. Pop. 2, 972. Utica, t. Jefferson co. Ken. on the Ohio, opposite the mouth of Harrod's creek, 8 m. N. Louisville. Utica, p-v. Licking co. Ohio. Utiel, t. Spain, in New Castile, 48 m. S. E. Cu- enca. Pop. 4,000. Utila, isl. in the Gulf of Honduras, 15 miles long. Lon. 87 45' W. Lat. 16 4' N. Utrecht, province, Netherlands, which borders for a little distance on the Zuyder Zee, but on all other sides is environed by Holland and Guelder- land ; it enjoys a good air, and in most parts the soil is very fruitful. Pop. 108,000. Utrecht, city, Netherlands, and cap. of the above province, is a handsome, large, and rich city, on the ancient Rhine. It is about 4 miles in circum- ference, and is fortified, but is not strong. The height of the tower of the cathedral is 380 feet, and from the top in a clear day, 15 or 16 cities may be seen. The principal streets are cut through with canals. The houses are of brick, and many of them stately. The university is very famous and attracts a great number of foreigners. The town is famous for the treaty of union, signed in 1579, between the Seven Prorinces, which laid the foundation of the republic ; as likewise for the treaty of peace signed here in 1713, between France and the Grand Allies. 18 m. S. S. E. Amsterdam. Lon. 5 11' E. Lat. 52 6' N. Pop. 32,294. Utrecht, t. Kings c. N. Y. at the W. end of Long Island, opposite Staten Island, 10 m. S. New York. Pop. 1,009. Utrera, t. Spain, in Seville, 21 m. S. Seville. Pop. 6,000. Ultoxeter, or Utcesier, t. Eng. in Stafford co. 17 m. N. Litchfield, 136 N. W. London. Lon. 1 52' W. Lat. 52 54' N. Pop. 3,755. Utznach, t. Switzerland, 23 m. S. E. Zurich. Lon. 8 59' E. Lat. 47 8 N. Uwchland, t. Chester co. Pa. , Uxbridge, t. Eng. in Middlesex, near the Colne. 8 m. W. Windsor, 15 W. London. Lon. 27* W. Lat. 51 34' N. Pop. 2,411. Uxbridge, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 19 m. S. Worcester, 40 S. W. Boston. Pop. 1,551. Uzel, t. France, in North Coasts, 6 m. N. N. W. Loudeac, 13 S. St. Brieuc. Pop. 6,71 1. Userche, t. France, in Correze, 13 m. N. W. Tulle, 27 S. W. Limoges. Lon. 1 39' E. Lat. 45 25' N. Uzes, t. France, in Card. Near it is a medi- cinal spring. 12 m. N. Nismes, 18 W. Avignon. Lon. 4 30' E. Lat. 44 1' N. Pop. 5,069. Uzette, t. France, in Gironde, 6 m. W. Bazas. 27 S, S. W. Bourdeaux. 798 W A C W A H W. WAAG, or V T AG, r. Hungary, which runs into the Danube, 6 m. below Comorn. Wabash, (pronounced Wor-bash,} r. Indiana, which rises in the N. E. part of the state, and flow- ing in a southwesterly direction, falls into the Ohio 30 miles above the mouth of the Cumberland. For the last half of its course it is the boundary be- tween Indiana and Illinois. It is more than 500 miles long, and is navigable for keel boats 400 miles, to Ouitanon, where there are rapids. Above the rapids small boats can ascend nearly to its source. The current is generally gentle above Vincennes ; below that town there are several rapids, but not of sufficient magnitude to prevent boats from ascending. Wabaslt, co. Indiana. Pop. 147. Engaged in agriculture 35, in manufactures 2. Waba.sk, Little, r. Illinois, which runs into the Wabash, a few miles from Ohio river. Wachenheim, t. Bavaria, in the circle of the Rhine, 15 m. W. Manheim, 31 E. Deux Fonts. Lon. 8 f \% E. Lat. 49 25' N. Wachiita, parish, Louisiana. Pop. 2,896. Slaves 836. Engaged in agriculture 911, in com- merce 22, in manufactures 63. At the court- house is a post- office. Wachita, Washita, or Ouachitta, r. which rises among the Ozark mountains, Arkansas ter. in lat. 34 15 N. and Ion. 93 30' W. and pursuing an easterly course of more than 100 miles receives the Saline from the N. and the Little Missouri and Cadcau from the W. ; it then flows S. and enters Louisiana, where it receives other tributaries both from the E. and the W. and discharges itself into Red river. From its mouth to the confluence of the Catahoula, about 30 miles, it is called Black river. The Hot springs are situated in lat. 34 31' N. Ion. 92 50' 45" W. near the foot of the Ozark mountains and 6 miles N. of the Wachita. They are about 70 in number and rise at the bottom and along one side of a deep ravine, through which a ?mall creek flows, receiving the water of the springs and discharging itself several miles below into the Wachita. The springs are of different temperature, the average is 126 3, that of the hot- test spring 151 Fahrenheit. The waters are effi- cacious in the cure of many diseases ; and though the accommodations are miserable, the country being almost a wilderness, there are frequently 200 or 300 persons collected here, some from a dis- tance of 1,000 mile,?. Two miles N. E. of the springs is a quarry from which oilstones are ob- tained not inferior in quality to the oilstones from Turkey. Wachovia, in" N. C. a tract of land of 100,000 acres, extending from the Yadkin to Haw and Deep rivers, and occupied by Moravians. Chief places, Salem, Bethabara, and Bethany. Wachtersbach, t. Hesse-Cassel, 15 m. E. N. E. Hanau. Lon. 6 14' E. Lat. 51 25' N. Wachuset, mountain in Princeton, Mass, up- wards of 2,000 feet above the level of the sea. Wadden, channel of the German Sea, between the island of Ameland, and the coast of Friesland. Waddwgton, formerly Hamilton, p-v. in Mad- rid, St. Lawrence co. N. Y. on the St. Lawrence, opposite Ogden's Island. Here is an academy. Waddo, t. Sweden, in Upland, on a creek, which communicates with Aland's Haff, 15 m. N. Nor- telge. Lon. 18 40' E. Lat. 60 r N. Wad el Gazel, r. Central Africa, which flows N. and is lost in the sands of the desert. Wade's Point, cape on the coast of N. Carolina. Lon. 76 20' W. Lat. 36 T N. Wadenschweil, t. Switzerland, 9 m. S. Zurich. Pop. 3,500. Wadesborough, p-t. and cap. Anson co. N. C. 76 m. W. Fayetteville, 50 E. Salisbury. It contains a court-house and jail, and about 30 houses. Wadey, country of Africa, W. of Darfur. Wadham Islands, small islands, near the N. E. of Newfoundland. Lon. 53 37' W. Lat. 49 57 ' N. Wadmelaw. See John's Island, S. C. Wadstena, t. Sweden, in East Gothland, on the Wetter Lake, 20 m. W. Linkioping. Lon. 14 59' E. Lat. 58 25' N. Wadsworth, t. Medina co. Ohio. Pop. 361. Wadworth, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 5 m. N. W. Halifax. Wageningcn, t. Netherlands, on the N. side of the Leek, 7 m. W. Arnheim, 24 E. S. E. Utrecht. Wager's straits, or River, r. N. America, which falls into Hudson's bay. Lon. 87 W. Lat. 65 8'N. Wagousinche, Point, the N. point of the penin- sula of Michigan, 22 m. W. Michillimackinac. Wagsladt, or Bilowes, t. Silesia, 24 m. W. Tes- chen, 12 S. S. E. Troppau. Lon. 18 E. Lat. 49 28' N. Wahabees, a warlike religious sect which sprung up in Syria, about the middle of the last century. They now occupy almost all the interior of Ara- bia, and at one period were in possession of Mec- ca, and Medina, which cities they sacked, and de- stroyed the tomb of Mahomet. These cities were retaken in the year 1813, by the Pacha of Egypt, but with all his efforts, and those of the Turkish emperor, the Wahabees remain unsubdued. They are supposed to be able to muster an army of 120,000 men. Wakal, r. which branches off from the Rhine at Schencken, joins the Meuse first at the small isl- and of Voorn, separates from that river, and wasa- es the north side of the island of Bommelwaert, and joins the Mouse again at Worcum, when both rivers form one stream, sometimes called Merwe, and sometimes Meuse. Wahlstadt, i. e. The. field of Battle, t. Silesia, 5 m. S. E. Lignitz. Wahren, or Waaren, t. Mecklenburg-Schwerin, near the lake of Calpin, 22 m. S. E. Gustrow, 21 N. W. Strelitz. Lon. 12 39' E. Lat. 53 30' N. Pop, 3,800. Wahrenbruck, t. Prussian Saxony, 2 m. N. N. W. Libenwerda, 14 E. Torgau. Pop. 680. W A L Wahrien, t. Mecklenburg, 14 m. N. E. Schwe- rin, 17 VV. Gustrow. Lon. 11 38' E. Lat. 53 50' N. Waiblingen, t. Wurtembevg, 7 m. E. N. E. Stuttgart, 8 W. Nordlingen. Lon. 9 25' E. Lat. 4850'N. Pop. 2,600. Waidhc.ven, t. Lower Austria, on the Ips, 66 m. W. S. W. Vienna. Lon. 14 43' E. Lat. 47 54' N. Pop. 3,6*0. Waidhoren, Bohmisch, t. Austria, on the Taya, 40 m. VV. Laab, 56 N. W. Vienna. Lon. 15 E. Lat. 48 48' N. Wainfleet, t. Eng. in Lincolnshire, on a creek of the German Sea, 15 m. N. E. Boston, 130 N.E. London. Lon. 18' W. Lat. 53 5' N. Waitzen, or Vaitz, t. Hungary, on the Danube ; the see of a bishop, 72 m. E. S. E. Presburg, 100 E. S. E. Vienna. Lon. 18 38' E. Lat. 47 29' N. Pop. 8,000. Waitsjield, p-t. Washington co. Vt. 11 m. S. W. Monlpelier. Pop. 935. Waifs river, Vt. which runs into the Connecti- cut at Bradford. Wakatomika, r. Ohio, which joins the Musking- um, 13 m. above Zanesville. Wake, inland co. of N. C. Pop. 20,102. Slaves 7,417. Engaged in agriculture 5,521, in commerce 69, in manufacture 440. Chief town, Raleigh. Wakejield, t. Eng in Yorkshire, on the Calder. Great quantities of woollen cloth are manufactur- ed in the town and neighbourhood. 8 m. S. Leeds, 184 N. London. Lon. 1 30' W. Lat. 53 40' N. Pop. 8,131. Wakejield,p-t Strafford co. N. H. 35 m. N. Ports- mouth. Pop. 1,518. Wakejield, Lower, t. Buck's co. Pa. Wakejield, Upper, t. Buck's co. Pa. Wakkamaw, r. which rises in a lake of the same name in N. Carolina, and flowing a southerly course 70 or 80 miles, empties into Winyaw bay at Georgetown, S. C. Wulachia, province, Eu. Turkey, bounded N. by Moldavia, and Transylvania, E. by Bessarabia, S. by Bulgaria, and W. by the bannat of Temes- var and Transylvania. Extent 24,658 sq. miles. Population, 950,000. The air is temperate, the soil very fruitful, particularly in grain, wine, and melons ; graziery here, too, is very considerable ; but its principal reputation is for excellent horses. The inhabitants are principally of the Greek reli- gion, but there are many Mahometans intermixed. Walbeck, t. Germany, 24 m. S. Halberstadt. Walrliertn, isl. Netherlands, about 13 miles from N. to S. and 8 from E. to W.; situated in the German Sea, at the mouth of the Scheld. Mid- dleburg is the capital. Lon. 3 29' E. Lat. 51 34' N. Walcour, t Netherlands, on the Heure, 21 m. W. S. W. Namur, 9 S. Charleroy. Wald, t. Germany, 4 m. N. W. Solingen, 9 E. .S. K. Dusseldorp. Waldau, t. Silesia, 3 m. N. W. Lignitz. Wuldaw, t. Prussia, 8 m. E. Konigsberg. Waldburx, t. and castle, Germany, in W 7 urtem- burg, which gives name to a county, between the Iller and the Danube, 7 m. N. Wangen, 35 S. S. W. Ulm. Waldeck, principality, Germany, formed in 1815, out of the former counties of Waldeck and Pyrmont. It contains 47G square miles, 51,877 inhabitants, and has a revenue of 40,000. See Waldeck county and Pyrmont. Waldeck, formerly a county of Germany, boun- W A L 799 ded N. by the bishopric of Paderborn, E.by Hesse, S. by Hesse, and VV. by the dutchy of Westphalia. It lies between 51 and 51 25' N. lat. and between 8 35' and 9 lo' E. Ion. The number of sq. miles is 440, and the population 47,500. Waldeck, t. Germany, in the principality of Waldeck, 18 m. VV. S. W. Cassel, 80 E. Cologne. Lon. 92'E. Lat. 51 13' N. Pop. 1,000. Waldeck, (Hohen^ t. Bavaria, 30 m. S. S. E. Munich, 27 S. Wasserburg. Walden, p-t. Caledonia co. Vt. 22 m. N. E. Montpelier. Pop. 580. Walden's Island, small isl. in the North sea. Lon. 18 s 10' E. Lat. 80 37' N. Waldenburg, t. Saxony, on the Mulda. The old town of Waldenburg, which lies on the other side of the Mulda, is famous for its earthen ware. 44 m. W. Dresden, 9 N. Zwickau. Lon. 12 21' E. Lat. 50 48' N. Pop. 3,400. Waldenburg, t. Switz. in Bale, 15 m. S. Bale, 15 N. E. Soleure. Waldenburg, or Wallenburg, t. Silesia, 8 m. S. W. Schweidnitz, 18 S Jauer. Lon. 16 5' E. Lat. 50 35' N. Pop. 1,800. Waldenses, a people inhabiting the values of Piedmont, who endured most dreadful persecu- tions during the dark ages of the Church on ac- count of their attachment to Christianity. In 1814. they were about 17,000 in number. Waldheim, t. Saxony, on the Zschopa, 25 m. S. E. Leipsic, 28 W. Dresden. Lon. 12 51' E. Lat. 514 J N. Pop. 1,600. Waldkirch, t. Baden, on the Elsach, 6 m. N. Fri- burg,30 S. S. E. Strasburg. Lon. 8 E. Lat. 48 7' N. Pop. 2,033. Waldmunchen, t. Bavaria, 30 m. N. E. Ratis- bon, 28 E. S. E. Amberg. Pop. 1,144. Waldoborough, p-t. and port of entry, Lincoln co. Maine, 22 m. N. E. Wiscasset, 180 N. E. Bos- ton. Pop. 2,244. Amount of shipping in 1816, 19,882 tons. Waldsaxen, or Waldsach, t Bavaria, formerly imperial, 4 m. S. S. W. Egra, 25 E. Bayreuth. Pop. 1,100. Waldshul, t. Baden, on the Rhine, 19 m. W, Schaffhausen, 26 E. Bale. Pop. ] ,023. Waldstader See, or Lake of Lucern, or Lake of the four Cantons, one of the largest lakes of Swit- zerland, extending from Lucern to Altorff, 20 miles. The river Reuss passes through it. Wales, {Principality of,*) country, constituting a part of Great Britain, bounded N. and W. by the Irish Sea, E. by England, and S. by the Sev- ern and the Bristol channel ; about 150 miles from N. to S. and from 50 to 80 broad. Extent, 8,125 square miles. The country is mountainous, but not barren, producing all the necessaries of life ; the air is good, the cattle and sheep are numerous, but small. In the mountains are found ores of various metals, free stone, limestone, and coal. Pop. in 1821, 717,438. The eldest son of the King of England is always created Prince of Wales, Wales, (New,) name given to a part of N. Amer- ica, situated to the S. E. and S. VV. of Hudson's Bay, and divided into North and South. Wales, t. Lincoln co. Maine, 26 m. N. W. Wis cosset. Pop. 515. Wales, t. Erie co. N. Y. Pop. 903. Walet, city, Africa, cap. of Beeroo, 250 m. W Tombuctou. Lon. 2 45' W. Lat. 15 45' N. Walgrund, isl. in the gulf of Bothnia, and one of the Quarken islands, 10 miles long. Lon. 20 r 58' E. Lat. 63 13' N. 800 W A L WAN Walhauten, t. Swisserland, 10 m. W. Lucerne. Walkenried, t. in the dutchy of Brunswick, 8 in. N. W. Nordhausen, 44 N. N. VV. Erfurt. Walker, p-t. Centre co. Pa. Pop. 694. Walker's Key, one of the small Bahama Islands. Lon. 78 54' W. Lat. 26 50' N. Walkertown, p-t. King and Queen co. Va. on the Mattapony, 120 m. from Washington. Watlabout, or Wallaboght, the N. E. part of Brooklyn, on Long Island, N. Y. It is the site of a navy yard of the U. States. Here are deposited the remains of about 10,000 prisoners of war, who perished on board the Jersey, a British prison- ship stationed at this place . Wallasca, isl. in the German sea, on the coast of Essex, at the mouths of the Coin and Black Water. Lon. 48' E. Lat. 51 38' N. Wallenburg, or Walenburg, t. Swisserland, in Bale, 12 m. S. Bale, 15 E. N. E. Soleure. Wallenstadt, t. Swisserland, near the east end of Wallenstadt Lake. It is a great thoroughfare for goods to and from Italy. 35 m. E. S. E. Zurich, 8 W. Sargans. Wallenstadt, lake, Switz. 9 m. S. Utznach. Wallerstein, t. Germany, with a castle, 4 m. N. Nordlingen,6 S. W. Oettingen. Wallingfordy t.Eng. in Berkshire, on the Thames. It sends two members to parliament. 12 m. S. S. E. Oxford, 46 VV. London. Lon. 1 7' W. Lat. 5136'N. Wallingford, p-t. Rutland co. Vt. 25 m. W. Windsor. Pop, 1, 570. Walling ford, p-t. New-Haven co. Ct. 13 m. N. E. New-Haven, 23 S. W. Hartford. Pop. 2,237. It contains an academy, and 5 churches, 2 for Congregationalists, and 1 each for Baptists, Epis- copalians, and Methodists. Wallk'll, r. which rises in New-Jersey, and af- ter a course of 80 miles, joins the Hudson, at Kingston, N. Y. Wallkill, p-t. Orange co. N. Y. 20 m. W. New- burg, 1 1 8 from Albany. Pop. 4,887. Walloe, i. Africa, on the Ivory coast. Lon. 4 55' W. Lat. 5 20' N. Wallsey, one of the Shetland islands. Lon. 1 5' W. Lat. 60 35 ' N. Waifs End, t. Eng.in Northumberland, famous for its collieries. 5 m. E. N. E. Newcastle. Walnty, narrow isl. in the Irish sea, separated from the coast of Lancashire, by a narrow chan- nel. Lon. 3 10' W. Lat. 54 3' N. Walnut, t. Fail-field co. Ohio, 12 m. N. E. Lan- caster. Pop. 1,198. Walnut, t. Pickaway co. Ohio, on the Scioto, 7 m. above Circleville. Pop. 1,483. Walnut, t. Gallia co. Ohio, 11 m. S. Gallipolis. Pop. 281. Walnut Branch, p-v. Faquier co. Va. Walnut, Big, r. Ohio, which runs into the Scio- to, 10 miles below Columbus. Walnut creek, r. Cattaraugus co. N. Y. which rung into Lake Erie. Walnut creek, r. Ohio, which runs into the E. side of the Scioto, 6 m. above Circleville. Walnut Grove, p-v. Kenhawa co. Va. Walnut Grave, p-v. Mercer co. Ken. Walnut Hill, p-v. Greenville co. S. C. Walnut Hills, p-v. and fort, Warren co. Missis- sippi, on Mississippi river, 12m. below the Yazoo, 134 above Natchez. Walpach, t. Sussex co. N. J. on Delaware river, 50 m. N. W. New Brunswick. Poo. f!22. Walpo, or Walpon, t. Sclavonia, on a rivet* which runs into tine Drave, defended by an an- cient castle. 20 m. N. W. Eszek. Walpole, t. Norfolk co. Upper Canada, on Lake Erie. Walpole, p-t. Cheshire co. N. H. on Connecticut river, at Bellows Falls, 11 m. S. Charlestown, 12 N. W. Keene, 60 fr. Concord. Pop. 2,020. Here is a printing office and an academy. Walpole, t. Norfolk co. Mass. 20 m. S. W. Bos- ton. Pop. 1,366. Walsall, t. Eng. in Staffordshire, situated on a small river, called Walsall Water, which soon af- ter runs into the Tame It has manufactures, chief- ly of buckles, bridle-bits, stirrups, other articles for saddlers, and hardware in general. 10 m. N. N. W. Birmingham, 126 N. N. W. London. Lon. 1 58' W. Lat. 52 34' N. Pop. 11,189. JValsham, or JVorth Walsham, t. Kng. in Norfolk, 14 m. N. N. E. Norwich, 123 N. N. E. London. Lon. 1 23' E. Lat. 52 49' N. Walsingham* (New, or Great,} t. Eng. in Nor- folk co. 22 m. N. E. Lynn, 1 16 N. N. E. London. Lon.O53'E. Lat. 52 53' N. Walsingfiatn, t. Norfolk co. Upper Canada, oa Lake Erie. Walsingham, Cape, on the E. coast of N. Amer- ica, at the N. side of the entrance into Cumber- land straits. Lon. 66 W. Lat. 64 10' N. Walsingham, Cape, at the S. E. extremity of Hale island, at the entrance of Frobisher's straits. Lon. 64 C 58' W Lat. 62 50' N. Wahrode, i. e. Walk's Cross, t. Germany, 3 m. N.W.Zell, 36 S.W. Luneburg. Lon. 9 35' E. Lat 5254'N. Pop. 2,237. Waltershansen, t. Germany, in Saxe-Gotha, 4 m. S. S. W. Gotha, 13 S. E. Eisenach. Lon. 10 38' E. Lat. 50 56' N. Pop. 3,000. Waltham Abbey, t. Eng. in Essex, on the Lee, 12 m. N. London. Waltham on the Wold, t. Eng. in Leicestershire, 18 m. S. E. Nottingham, 110 IS. London. Lon. 48' W. Lat. 52 50' N. Waltham, (West,} or Waltham Cross, t. Eng. on the W. side of the river Lee, in Middlesex and Hertfordshire, 1 1 m. N. London, 10 S. Ware. Waltham, t. Addison co. Vt. on Otter creek, 30 m. S. Burlington. Pop. 264. Wallham, p-t Middlesex co. Mass, on Charles river, 1 1 in. W. N. W. Boston. Pop. 1,677. The Waltham cotton manufactory is the most exten- sive of any in the U. States. About 500 work- men are employed, who manufacture weekly 35,000 yards of cloth. Walton upon Thames, t. Eng. in Surry, on the Thames, 18 m. W. S. W. London. Walton, t. Eng. in Derbyshire, 3 m. S.W. Ches- terfield. Walton, p-t. Delaware co. N. Y. 15 m. S. W. Delhi, 85 from Albany. Pop. 1,432. Walton, co. Geo. Pop. 4,192. Slaves C31. Engaged in agriculture 1,091. " Chief town, Mon- roe. Wampu, t. China, on the river between Macao and Canton, where vessels of different nations lie to take in their lading, not being allowed to go up higher. 7 m. S. Canton. Wanasquiatucket, r. R. Island, which runs into Providence river, above Providence. Wandipour, t. Bootan, defended by a citadel, and considered as a place of great strength. 15 in. E. Tasiasudon. Lon. 89 47' E. Lat. 27 50' N, WAR Wandiwash, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 38 m. N. N. VV. Pondicherry, 27 S. S. E. Arco't. Lon. 79 46' E. Lat. 12 31' N. Wando, r. Charleston district, S. C. which runs into Cooper's river a few miles above Charles- ton. tVandsivorth, v. Eng. in Surry, on the Wandle, 5 m. S. W. London. Wanfried, t. Germany, in Hesse-Cassel, on the Werru, 13 m. W. Mulhausen, 30 S. S. E. Cassel. Lon 10" 14' E. Lat 51 12' N. Pop. 1,700. Wangara, country, Africa, watered by the Ni- ger, which passes through it from VV. to E.. It is subject to Bornou, which lies to the north. Wangen, t. Switz. in Berne, 20 m. S. Berne. Wangen, t. Germany, in VVurtemburg, on the Argen, lately imperial. 22 m. W. Kempten, 12 E. S. E. Ravensburg. Lon. 10 50' E. Lat. 47 43' N. Pop. 1,800. Wangeroeg, isl. in the German ocean, 12 miles in circumference, 4 m. from the coast of Friesland. Lon. 7 45' E. Lat. 53 44 'N. Wanstn, t. Silesia, 10 m. S. S. W. Ohlau, 11 S. W. Brieg. Pop. 800. Wantage, t. Eng. in Berkshire, 13 m. S. S. W. Oxford, 60 W. London. Lon. 1 21' W. Lat. 51 35' N. Wantage, t. Sussex co. N. J. 15 m. N. Newtown. Pop. 3,307. Wantzenau, t. France, in Lower Rhine, 6 m. N. Strasburg. Wansleben, t. Prussian States, in Saxony, 10m. W. S. W. Magdeburg. Pop. 2, 100. Wapakonetta, Indian v. Ohio, on the Auglaize. Wapatto') island, in Columbia river, at the con- fluence of the Multnomah. It is 20 miles long and 10 broad. Wappinger's creek, r. N. Y. which runs into the Hudson, 8 miles below Poughkeepsie. Wappinger's creek, p-v. Dutchess co. N. Y. Wappo, t. Africa, on the Grain coast. Lon. 8 20' W. Lat. 4 55' N. Wappocomo, r. Va. which runs into the Poto- mac, 9 m. E. S. E. Fort Cumberland. Wara, city, Africa, cap. of Bergoo, 35 m. S. S. E. Bornou. Lon. 25 30' E. Lat. 15 30' N. Warang, or Formosa, small isl. near the coast of Guinea. Lon. 16 28' W. Lat. 1126'N. Warangole,t. Hind, in Golconda, 45 m. N.N.E. Hydrabad, 220 E. Visiapour. Lon. 79 15' E. Lat. 1755'N. Warberg, t. Prussia, in Westphalia, 16 m. S. S. E. Paderborn. Lon. 9 1 1' E. Lat. 51 37' N. Pop. 2,300. Warberg, s-p. Sweden, with a harbour on the North sea, which at present has only depth enough for small vessels. It carries on considerable trade. 32 m. N. N. W.Halmstadt,34 S. Gotheborg. Lon. 12 4' E. Lat. 57 7' N. Ward, r. Denmark, in North Jutland, which runs into the North sea, 15 m. N. N. W. Ripen. Ward, t. Worcester co. Mass. 7 m. S. Worces- ter, 45 W. S. VV. Boston. Pop. 608. Wardan, or Ras Wardan, cape on the coast of Arabia, in the Red Sea, 5 m. S. Mastura. Wardbridge, t. Eng. in Cornwall, on the Alan, 5 m. N. N. E. Bodmin, 241 W. S. W. London. Lon. 4 40' W. Lat. 50- 33' N. Warde, or Varde, t. Denmark, in North Jutland, on the river Ward, 18 m. N. Ripen. Lon. 8 28' E. Lat. 55 35' N. Wardein Gros, t. Hungary, on the river Koros, surrounded by good fortifications ; the see of a 101 WAR 801 bishop. The adjoining fortress is a regular penta- gon, well fortified, beside a deep and broad moat. Pop. 4,000. 66 m. N. Temesvar, 54 W. Colosvar. Lon. 21 32' E. Lat. 46 53' N. Wardhus, or Vardhuys, t. Norwegian Lapland, and chief place of a government, defended by a castle. Lon 30 28' E. Lat. 70 16' N. Wardour Castle, an ancient castle of England, in Wiltshire,,18 m. W. Salisbury. Wardsborough, p-t. Windham co. Vt. ,,38 m. S. Windsor. Pop. 1,016. Wardsbridge, p-v. Orange co. N. Y. - Wardwell, p-v. Jefferson co. N. Y. Ware, t. Eng. in Herts,, on the E. side of the river Lea ; a town of very considerable trade, es- pecially in malt, of which it is said 5,000 quarters have been sometimes sent in one week to London. 21 m. N. London. Lat. 51 49' N. Pop. 3,369. Ware, p-t. Hampshire co. Mass. 21 m. S. E. Northampton. Pop. 1,154. Ware, r. Worcester co. Mass, which receives the Quaboag, at Brookneld, and takes the name of Chicapee. Waree, t. Africa, cap. of a country, 60 m. S. Be- nin. Lon. 4 48' E. Lat. 5 25' N. Wareham, t England, in Dorsetshire, near the mouth of the Frome, where it empties itself into Pool harbor. It sends two members to parliament. 10 m. W. S. W. Pool, 114 S. W. London. Lon. 2 14' W. Lat. 50 40' N. Wareham, p-t. Plymouth co. Mass, on the sea coast, 17 m. S. Plymouth. Pop. 952. Warendorff, t. Prussian States, in Westphalia, on the Ems, 12 m. S. E. Munster. Lon. 8 6' E. Lat. 51 52' N. Pop. 3,900. Wargela, t. Africa, in Sahara, 250 m. N. W, Agades. Lon. 9 50' E. Lat. 23 35' N. Wargrave, t. England, in Berkshire, on the right bank of the Thames, 7 m. N. E. Reading. Wariba, r. Guinea, which runs into the Atlan- tic, in Ion. 59 8' VV. Lat. 6 54' N. Wark, v. Eng. in Northumberland, near the Tweed, 1 1 m. N. W. Woller, 3 S. W. Coldstream. Warkworlh, t. Eng. in Northumberland, 14 m. N. Morpeth.,300 N London. Pop. 614. Warmbrunn, t. Silesia, celebrated for its warm baths, 3 m. S. S. W. Hirschberg. Pop. 1,900. Warmeland, province, in the old division of Sweden, bounded N. by Norway and the province of Dalecarlia ; E. by Westmanland and Nericia, S. by the Wenner lake, and W. by Norway. Warminsler, t. Eng. in Wiltshire, 22 m. W. S. W. Salisbury, 97 W. S. W. London, Lon. 2 IF W. Lat. 51 12' N. Warminster, t. Bucks co. Pa. Pop. 695. Warminsler, p-t. Amherst co. Va. on James riv- er, 90 m. above Richmond. Warm Spring Mountains, or Jackson's Moun- tains, ridge of the Alleghany mountains, in Va. Warm Springs of Buncombe. See Buncombe. Warm Springs, p-v. York co. Pa. Warm Springs. See Wachita. Warmstadt, or Wormil, t. Prussia, 42 m. S. S. W. Konigsberg. Lon. 20 I 1 E. Lat. 54 3' N. Warne, or Warnow, r. Mecklenburg, which passes by Rostock, and runs into the Baltic. Warnemunde, t. Mecklenburg-Schwerin, at the mouth of the Warne, 9 m. N. Rostock. Warner, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 16 m W. Concord. Pop. 2,246. Warnersville, p-v. Jefferson co. Geo. Warneton, t. Netherlands, 2 post? N, W. Lille 2 S. E. Ypres, Pop, 5,200. 802 Eday. WAR , cape on the S. coast of the island of Lou. 2 n +2 W. Lat. 59 N. , p-t. Lincoln co. Maine, 30 in. E. Wis- rasst. Pop. 1,826. Here is an academy. Warrtn,t. Grafton co. N. H. 65 m. N. Concord. Top. 544. Warren* t. Addison co. Vt. Pop. 320. Warren. p-t. Bristol co. R. Island, on the E. side of Warren river, 11 m. S. E. Providence, 19 from Newport. Pop. 1,806. The village is pleasantly situated, and contains about 180 hous- es, 2 churches, an academy, and a bank. The amount of shipping owned here is about 3,000 tons. Warren, p-t. Litchfield co. Ct. 38 m. from Hartford, 45 from New Haven. Pop. 875. Warren, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Essex co. E. by Washington co. S. by Saratoga co. and W. by Hamilton co. Pop. 9,453. Engaged in agricul- ture "2,360, in commerce 59, in manufactures 198. Chief town, Caldwell. Warren,v-t. Herkimerco. N. Y. 10 m. S. Her- kimer, 15 N. Otsego, 70 W. Albany. Pop. 2,013. Warren, t. Somerset co. N. J. Pop. 1,452. I'l'urren, co. Pa. bounded N. and E. by New- York, S. by Venango co. and W. by Crawford co. Pop. 1,976. Engaged in agriculture 378, in com- merce 15, in manufactures 121. Warren, p t. and cap. Warren co. Pa. on the right bank of the Alleghany, at the junction of the Connewango, 70 m. E. S. E. Erie. Here is a good harbor for boats. Pop. 182. Warren, t. Bradford co. Pa. Pop. 389. Warren, p-t. Franklin co. Pa. Pop. 527. Warren, p-t. Albemarle co. Va. Warren, co. N. C. Pop. 11,158. Slaves6,754. Engaged in agriculture 3,255, in commerce 11, in manufactures 271. Chief town, Warrenton. Warren, co. Geo. on the E. side of the Ogechee. Pop. 10,630. Slaves 4,041. Engaged in agricul- ture 2,880, in commerce 48, in manufactures 86. Chief town, Warrenton. Warren, co. Mississippi, at the confluence of Yazoo river with the Mississippi. Pop. 2,693. Slaves 1,287. Engaged in agriculture 1,064, in commerce 11, in manufactures 37. Chief town, Warrenton. Warren, co. W. Tennessee. Pop. 10,348. Slaves 950. Engaged in agriculture 1,964, in commerce 30, in manufactures 163. Chief town, Mac Minville. Warren, co. Ken. Pop. 11,776. Slaves 2,554. Engaged in agriculture 2,852, in commerce 26, in manufactures 219. Chief town, Bowling Green. Warren, co. Ohio, on the Little Miami. Pop. 17,837. Engaged in agriculture 2,738, in com- merce 40, in manufactures 725. Chief town, Lebanon. Warren, p-t. and cap. Trumbull co. Ohio, on the Mahoning, 45 m. S. E. Fairport, on lake Erie, 77 N. W. Pittsburg. It has about 100 houses, a court-house and jail, printing-office, bank, Pres- byterian church, and is a thriving town. Pop. 775. Warren, t. Jefferson co. Ohio, on the Ohio, 6 m. below Steubenville. Pop. 2,432. Warren, t. Belrnont co. Ohio, 14m. S. W. St. Clairsville. Pop. 1,491. Warren, t. Tuscarawas co. Ohio. Pop. 1,032. Warren, t. Washington co. Ohio, on Ohio river, 3 m. below Marietta. Pop. 460. WAR Wancnburg, p-t. Warren co. N.Y. en the Hud son, 7 m. W. Caldwell. Pop. 956. H'urrcnburg, p-t. Jackson co. Tennessee. Warrcnsville, t Cuyahoga co. Ohio. Pop. 13:j, Warrenton, t. -und cap. Faquier co. Va. 40 m. N. N. W. Fredericksburg. It is handsomely built, and contains a court-house and jail, and two churches. Warrenton, p-t. and cap. Warren co. N. C. 16 m. E. Hillsborough, 56 N. N. E. Raleigh, 83 S. Petersburg, Va. It stands in an elevated, healthy situation, and contains a court-house, jail, Meth- odist church, and 2 academies. Warrenton, p-t. and cap. Warren co. Geo. 55 m. N. N. E. Milledgeville. Pop. in 1810,123. Here- is an^academy. Warrenton, p-t. and cap. Warren co. Mississip- pi, on Mississippi river, 18 m. below Walnut Hills. Warrentown, p-v. Jefferson co. Ohio, on Ohio river, 14m. below Steubenville. Warrington, t. Eng. in Lancaster co. on the N. side of the Mersey. Here is a large manufacture of sail cloth and sacking. Copper smelting fur- naces, glass houses, and cotton manufactories have also been established. 18 m. E. Liverpool, 184 N. N. W. London. Pop. 11,738. Warringlon, t. Bucks co. Pa. Pop. 515. Warrington, t. York co. Pa. Pop. 1,274. Warriore, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 32 m. N. N. E. Tanjore, 55 S. W. Pondicherry. Lon. 79 25' E. Lat. li e 16'N. Warrior's Mark, t. Huntingdon co. Pa. Pop. 809. Warsaw, city, in the new kingdom of Poland, on the Vistula, surrounded with a moat and double wall, and consists of Old and New Town, and two suburbs, Kraka and Praga. The general diets of Poland were usually held here, as well as the provincial assembly, and court of judica- ture. Here are several elegant stone building? and palaces, a great number of beautiful churches and convents, a hospital, and an arsenal. 150 m . S. Konigsberg. Lon. 21 9' E. Lat. 52 12' N. Pop. 76,000. Warsaw, t. Somerset co. Maine. Pop. 315. Warsaw, p-t. Genesee co. N. Y. 20 m. S. Bata- via. Pop. 1,658. Warsaw, isl. off the coast of Georgia, 16 mile? in circumference. Lon. 81 8' W. Lat. 32 52' N. Warsaw, t. Harrison co. Indiana, on the Ohio, 14m. from Cory don. Warta, r. which rises near Cracow, and run? into the Oder at Custrin. , Wartenberg, t. Bavaria, 24 m. N. E. Munich. Warttnberg, t. Silesia, and cap. of a lordship 14 m. N. E Oels, 28 N. N. E. Brieg. Lon. 17 45 E. Lat. 51 18' N. Pop. 1,700. Wartenberg,i. Silesia, 18 m. N. W. Gros Glo- gau, 10 S. E. Grunberg. Lon. 15 45' E. Lat. 51* 52' N. Warlenburg, castle, Bavarian circle of the Rhine, 6 m. N. E. Lautern. Warlenburg, t. Prussia, 63m. S. Konigsberg, 52 E. Elbing. Lon. 20 40' E. Lat. 53 43' N. Wartha, t. Silesia, on the Neisse, 6m. N. E. Glatz, 13 W. S. W. Munsterberg. Lon. 16 35' E. Lat. 50 20' N. Pop. 890. Warwick, t. Eng. in Warwickshire, on the Avon. Here is a strong castle, formerly the seat of the earl? of Warwick. 10m. S.S.W. Coventry, 93 N. N.W London. Lon. 1"35'W. Lat.52l7'N. Pop. 6,497. WAS Warwick, co. Eng. bounded N. E. by Leicester- shire, E. by Northamptonshire, S. by Oxfordshire and Gloucestershire, W. by Worcestershire, and N. W. by Staffordshire ; 50 miles long from N. to S. Pop. 228,735. Warwick, co. Lower Canada, on the N. side of the St. Lawrence. Warwick, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, 33 m. S. E. Three i Livers. Warwick, p-t. Franklin co. Mass. 12 m. E.Green- field. Pop. 1,256. Warwick, t. and cap. Kent co. R. I. on the N. W. arm of Narraganset bay, with a good harbor for vessels of from 20 to 50 tons. Pop. 3,643. It is extensively engaged in manufactures, having, beside smaller manufactures, no less than 15 cot- ton factories, containing together 18,000 spindles. It has also some shipping employed in the coast- ing trade. Here are 2 incorporated banks. The village of Apponaug is in the S. part of the town, 10 m. S. S. W. Providence, and contains about 50 houses, an academy, and a Baptist church. Warwick, p-t. Orange co. N. Y. 10m. S. Go- shen, 54 N. New- York,* 120 S. Albany. Pop. 4,506. Here is an academy. It has extensive iron works. Warwick, t. Bucks co. Pa. Pop. 1,1 15. Warwick, t. Lancaster co. Pa. Pop. 2,777. Warwick, t. Cecil co. Md. 9 m. N. E.George- town. Warwick, co. Va. bounded N* by York co. E. by Elizabeth city co. S. by James river, and W. by James city co. Pop. 1,608. Slaves 954. En- gaged in agriculture 511, in commerce 2, in man- ufactures 12. At the court-house is a post-office. Warwick, t Chesterfield co. Va. on the S. side of James river, 5 m. below Richmond. Warwick, t. Tuscarawas co. Ohio. Pop. 485. Warwick, co. Indiana, on Ohio river. Pop. 1,749. Engaged in commerce 19. Chief town, Darl ing- ton. Wasa, or Vasa, seaport, Russia, 50 m. N. Abo. Lon. 21 29' E. Lat. 63 5' N. Pop. 2,178. Washes, The, lands on the coast of England, be- tween the counties of Norfolk and Lincoln, which are passable at low water, but overflowed by eve- ry tide. They are dangerous to strangers, who are unacquainted with the quick-sands. Washington, co. Maine, bounded E. by New- Brunswick, S. by the Atlantic, and W. by Penob- scot and Hancock counties. Pop. 12,774. En- gaged in agriculture 1,994, in commerce 452, in manufactures 377. Chief town, Machias. Washington, t. Hancock co. Maine, 20 m. N. W. Castine. Washington, p-t. Cheshire co. N. H. 32 m. W. Concord. Pop. 992. Washington, co. Vt. inclosed by the counties of Orleans, Caledonia, Orange, Addison, and Chit- tenden. Pop. 14,113. Engaged in agriculture 1,883, in commerce 39, in manufactures 306. Chief town, Montpelier. Washington, p-t. Orange co. Vt. 43 m. N.Wind- sor. Pop. 1,160. Washington, Mount, the highest summit of the White Mountain?, N. H. See While Mount a ins. Washington, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 8 m. E. Len- ox. Pop. 750. Washington, co. R. I. bounded N. by Kentco. E. by Narraganset bay, S. by the Atlantic, and W. by Connecticut. Pop. 15,687. Engaged in ag- riculture 2,745, in commerce 137, in manufac- tures 694. Chief town, South Kingston. WAS 803 Washington, p-t. Litchfield co. Ct. 40 m. S. W. Hartford. Pop. 1,487. Here are 2 mills for saw- ing marble, 2 forges, 1 slitting mill, 1 nail factory, 2 trip hammers, 4 grain mills, 2 fulling mills, 2 carding machines, and 5 saw mills. Washington, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Essex co. E. by Vermont, S. by Rensselaer co. and W. by the Hudson. Pop. 38,831. Engaged in agricul- ture 6,174, in commerce 177, in manufactures 1,368. Chief towns, Salem and Kingsbury. Washington, p-t. Dutchess co. N.Y. 15 m. N. E. Poughkeepsie, 80 S. Albany. Pop. 2,882. Here is a respectable Quaker boarding school, with a building 3 stories high for the accommodation of 100 scholars. Washington, v. in Water vliet, N. Y. on the Hudson, opposite Troy. Here is a U. States arse- nal. Washington, p-t. Morris co. N. J. Pop. 1,876. Washington, t. Burlington co. N. J. Pop. 1,225. Washington, co. Pa. bounded N. by Alleghany co. and W. by Brooke co. Pop. 40,038. Enga- ged in agriculture 7,432, in commerce 277, in man- ufactures 1,902. Chief town, Washington. Washington, p-t. and cap. Washington co. Penn. near the head branches of Chartier's creek, 25 m. S. W. Pittsburg, 32 E. N. E. Wheeling, 25 N. W. Brownsville. It is a flourishing town, surround- ed by a fertile and well cultivated country, and contained in 181 , an elegant court-house, a col- lege, 2 banks, 2 printing offices, a large steam flour mill, besides other manufacturing establish- ments, 400 dwelling houses, and 1,687 inhabitants. Washington college was established in this place about 15 years since, and had in 1817, a president, 2 professors, a library and philosophical appara- tus, and 60 or 70 students connected with it, either as undergraduates, or as pursuing preparatory studies. The course of education is completed in three years. The principal college edifice is of stone, with two brick wings. Washington, t. Fayette co. Pa. Pop. 2,749. Washington, t. Franklin co. Pa. Pop. 4,797. Washington, t. Indiana co. Pa Pop. 1,057. Washington, t. Lancaster co. Pa. on the E. bank of the Susquehannah, 3 m. below Columbia. Washington, t. Lycoming co. Pa. Pop. 1,743. Washington, t. Northumberland co. Pa. Pop. in 1810, 438. Washington, t. Westmoreland co. Pa. Pop. 1,478. Washington, t. York co. Pa. Pop. 1,001. Washington, t. Union co. Pa. Pop. 1,427. Washington, co. Md. bounded N. by Pennsylva- nia, E. by Frederick co. S. by the Potomac, and VV. by Alleghany co. Pop. 23,075. Slaves 3,201. Engaged in agriculture 3,361, in commerce 136, in manufactures 1,637. Chief town, Elizabethtown. Washington City, in the District of Columbia, the metropolis of the United States of America, is pleasantly situated on the N. E. bank of the river Potomac, at the point of land formed by the junc- tion of the Eastern branch, 300 miles from the mouth of the river, and 3 below the head of the tide. It is separated from Georgetown on the N. W. by Rock creek, and Tyber creek passes through the middle of the city. Washington is regularly laid out in streets running due north and south, intersected by others at right angles. Be- sides these streets, which are from 80 to 1 10 feet wide, there are a venues from 130 to 160 feet broad which diverge from centres in various parts of the city, crossing the other streets transversely. The 804 WAS avenues are named after the different States in the Union, the streets which run east and west after the letters of the alphabet, and those which run north and south are numbered 1, 2, 3, fcc. At the points from which the avenues diverge are spa- cious squares. The ground embraced in the plan of the city is very extensive, but only a small por- tion of it is yet occupied with buildings. The principal public buildings and establish- ments are 1. The Capitol, which is finely situa- ted on an eminence, commanding a view of every part of the city, and a considerable portion of the adjacent country. According to the original plan, it is to be composed of a central edifice and two wings. The two wings were in a considerable state of forwardness in 1814, when the British ar- my under General Ross gained possession of the city and destroyed them, together with the Presi- dent's house and other public structures, and an extensive library which had been purchased for the use of Congress. The wings of the Capitol are now re-built, and the central building has been commenced. The wings are each 100 feet square, and the whole building when completed will be a most magnificent edifice, presenting a front of 362 feet. 2. The President's house, situ- ated about a mile and a half west of the capitol, on the avenue leading to Georgetown. It is 170 feet by 85, and two stories high. 3. Four spa- cious brick buildings erected in the vicinity of the President's house, for the accommodation of the heads of the great departments of government. 4. A comfortable marine barrack, with a house for the residence of the commandant of the ma- rine corps. 5. An extensive navy yard,, situated on the Eastern Branch, which forms a safe and commodious harbour. Here is an elegant mar- ble monument, erected by the American officers to the memory of their brethren, who fell before Tripoli. 6. A small fort, which, from the ex- treme southern point of the land on which the city stands, commands the channel of the Poto- mac. And, 7. The general post-office, a brick edifice, about .a mile W. N. W. of the Capitol, where the patent office is also kept. The style of the architecture of the Capitol is Corinthian, and that of the President's house Ionic ; and both building? are constructed of free-stone. The cap- itol square is inclosed by a strong and handsome iron railing ; and being planted with trees, and otherwise ornamented, will afford a delightful walk for the inhabitants and visitors of the city. Similar improvements are going on at the Presi- dent's square, which will add greatly to its beau- ty and accommodations. Besides the buildings and establishments above enumerated, Washington contains a city hall, a theatre, a penitentiary, a circus, 2 masonic halls, 4 banks, including a branch of the U, States bank, a female orphan asylum, a Lancasterian School, 9 printing offices, an extensive cannon foundery, a paper mill, a window-glass manufactory, and 13 houses for public worship, 3 for Presbyterians, 2 for Episcopalians, 2 for Baptists, 2 for Methodists, 2 for Catholics, 1 for Friends, and 1 for Unitarians. Adjoining the city is a brick edifice for a collngr, 4 stories high, and 117 feet long by 47 wide, situa- ted on elevated ground, nearly north of the Presi- dent's house, and commanding an extensive pros- pect of the city, Georgetown, Alexandria, the Po- tomac river, &c. Among the other literary insti- tutions are a medical society, a botanical society, and the Columbian Institute, which consists of 5 WAS classes, viz. mathematical sciences, physical scien- ces, moral and political sciences, general litera- ture, and the fine arts. 1 here is a bridge about one mile long over the Potomac, on piles, built in 1809; three bridges are erected over the Eastern Branch, and two over Rock creek. There is also a canal connecting Tyber creek with the Eastern branch. The amount expended by the U. States on the public buildings previously to their destruction by the British in August, 1814, was $1,214,291, and there have been appropriated towards rebuilding the same, $1,207,788. The value of the lands be- longing to the U. States within the city on the 31st Dec. 1816, was estimated at more than $7,000,000, and the lots which had been sold previously to that period had yielded to the national treasury $689,195. Pop.' 13,322, of whom 2,045 were slaves. The number of houses in 1822, was 2,229, of which about one half were of brick. Lat. 38 58' N. Lon. of the capitol, 76 55 '30" W. from Greenwich. Washington, co. in the S. W. part of Va. Pop. 12,444. Slaves 1,908 Engaged in agriculture 2,491, in commerce 22, in manufactures 381. Chief tov/n, Abingdon. Washington, p-v. Culpeper co. Va. Washington, co. N. C. Pop. 3,986. Slaves 1,667. Engaged in agriculture 1,103, in com- merce 10, in manufactures 56. Chief town, Plym- outh. Washington, p-t. Beaufort co. N. C. on the E. bank of Tar river, 40 m. from its mouth. Vessels drawing 9 feet water ascend to this place. Washington, co. Georgia, on the E. side ofOco- Uee river. Pop. 10,627. Slaves 3,898. Enga- ged in agriculture 1,343, in commerce 33, in man- ufactures 62. Chief town, Sande.rsville. Washington, p-t. and cap. Wilkes co. Geo. 50 m. W. N. W. Augusta. Pop. 695. It is regular- ly laid out, and contains a court-house, jail, bank, academy, and printing office, from which a news- paper is issued. Washington, co. Alabama, on the W. side of the Tombigbee. Chief town, St. Stephens. Washington, p-t. Adams co. Mississippi, is on St. Catherine's creek, about 6 miles E. of Natchez, in a healthy and pleasant situation, and surrounded by wealthy and well peopled settlements. For 15 years it was the seat of government for Missis- sippi Territory. Jefferson college in this town was incorporated in 1802, and an edifice 170 feet by 40 has been erected for the accommodation of students. Pop. in 1810,524; in 1818, estimated at 1,000. Washington, co. Louisiana. Pop. 2,517. Slaves 559. Engaged in agriculture 1 ,474, in commerce 1, in manufactures 5. Washington, co. East Tennessee, bordering on N. Carolina. Pop. 9,557. Slaves 979. Enga- ged in agriculture 1,712, in commerce 21. Chief town, Jonesborough. Washington, p-t. and cap. Rhea co. E. Tennes- see, on the W. side of Tennessee river, 75 m. S. W. Knoxville. Washington, co. Kentucky. Pop. 15,957. Slaves 3,734. Engaged in agriculture 4,129, in com- merce 29, in manufactures 203. Chief town, Springfield. Washington, p-t. and cap. Mason co. Ken. 3 m. S. W. Maysville. It is regularly laid out, and contains a brick jail, 2 churches, 1 for Presbyteri- WAS ans, of stone, and 1 for Baptists, an academy, and a printing office. Washington, co. Ohio, on Ohio river, at the j unction of the Muskingum and Ohio rivers. Pop. 10,425. Engaged in agriculture 2,051, in com- merce 43, in manufactures 387. Chief town, Ma- rietta. Washington, t. Clermont co. Ohio, on Ohio riv- er. Pop. 1,942. Washington, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. Pop. 700. Washington, t. Coshocton co. Ohio. Pop. 715. Washington, t. Darke co. Ohio. Pop. 456. Washington, p-t. and cap. Fayette co. Ohio, 40 m. S. W. Columbus, 30 N. Chillicothe. It con- tains a court house and jail, and about 40 houses. Pop. 191. Washington, t. Franklin co. Ohio, on "the Scio- to, 10 m. above Columbus. Pop. 137. Washington, p-t. Guernsey co. Ohio, 10 m. E. Cambridge. Pop. 161. Washington, t. Licking co. Ohio. Pop. 668. Washington, t. Miami co. Ohio. Pop. 490. Washington, t. Montgomery co. Ohio, on the Miami, 1 1 m. below Dayton. Pop. 3,174. Washington, t. Pickaway co. Ohio, in which is Circleville,the seat of justice for the county. Pop. 2,000. Washington, t. Preble co. Ohio. Pop. 1,562. Washington, t. Richland co. Ohio. Pop. 638. Washington, t. Scioto co. Ohio, at the junction of the Scioto and Ohio rivers, opposite Portsmouth. Pop. 505. Washington, t Warren co. Ohio. Pop. 929. Washington, t. Wayne co. Ohio. Pop. 379. Washington, co. Indiana. Pop. 9,039. Enga- ged in agriculture 2,650, in commerce 15, in man- ufacture? 59. Chief town, Salem. Washington, p-t. and cap. Davis co. Indiana, at the forks of White river, 20 m. from Vincennes. It contains a court house and jail. Washington, co. Illinois, on Kaskaskias river. Pop. 1,517. Engaged in agriculture 77, in com- merce 18, in manufactures 39. Chief town, Cov- ington. Washington, co. Missouri. Pop. 2,769, of whom 425 are slaves. Engaged in agriculture 688, in commerce 15, in manufactures 65. Chief town, Potosi. Washington Islands, islands near the W. coast of N. America, called Queen Charlotte's Islands. Washington Point, point of land formed by the confluence of the S. and E. branches of Elizabeth rivor, I m. above Norfolk. Here is a U. States marine hospital of brick. Wathinglonville, p-v. in Blooming grove, Or- ange co. N. Y. Washitla. See Wachilla. Wasseln, country, Africa, bounded S. by Guin- ea. Lon. 4 5tf to 5" 45' W. Lat. 10 50' to 12 20' N. Wasscns Point, cape on the E. coast of Cochin- china. Lat. 12 3' N. Wasserljurg, t. Bavaria, with a castle, the chief trade is in salt, 38 m. W. N. W. Salzburg, 30 E. Munich. Lon. 12 13' E. Lat 48 3' N. Pop. 2,OR|. Was.iertrudingen, t. Bavaria, on the Wernitz, 13m. S. Anspach, 10 E. Dinkensbuhl. Lon. 10 35 'E Lat 49 2 ' N. Pop. 1,942. Waxungen, t. Germany, in Saxe-Meinungen, on the Werra, 3 m. N. Meinungen, 4 S. W. Smalkal- r.on. IO38'E. Lat. 50 41' N. Pop. 1,700. WAT SOS Walauga, r. which rises in N. Carolina, and passing into Tennessee, joins the Holston. Watch Point, cape, R. I. 7 leagues from Block Island. Watcher, North, or Seven Islands, small islands, in the Straits of Macassar, near the W. coast of Celebes. Lon. 119 33' E. Lat.O27'S. Watcher, South. Lon. J19 24' E. Lat. 3' S. Watchel, t. Eng. in Somerset co. on the Bristol Channel, formerly a place of considerable trade, 20 m. N. W. Taunton, 153 W. London. Lon. 3 29 'W. Lat. 51 9' N. Watehoo, small isl. in the South Pacific. Lon. 158 15' W. Lat. 20 1' S. Waterborough, p-t. York co. Maine, 25 m. N. York. Pop. 1,763. Waterbury, p-t. Washington co. Vt. on Onioft river, 12m. N. W, Montpelier. Pop. 1,269. Waterbury, p-t. New- Haven co. Ct. 20 m. from New-Haven. Pop. 2,882. Here is a manufacto- ry of gilt buttons. Wateree, small r. S. C. joins the Catawba and and gives its name to the common stream which unites with the Congaree to form Santee river. Waterford, city and seaport, Ireland, on the riv- er Suir, which soon after joins the Barrow, and forms a bay called Waterford Harbor. It is the see of a bishop. The commerce with England and other countries is very considerable ; and packet boats sail regularly to and from Milford-Haven. The principal exports are beef, pork, corn, butter, and linen. 53 m. E. N. E. Cork, 75 S. S. W. Dublin. Lon. 7 8' W. Lat. 52 14' N. Pop. 35,000. Waterford, county, Ireland, bounded N. by Kil- kenny and Tipperary, E. by Wexford, S. by the sea, and W. by Cork. Pop. about 110,000. Waterford, p-t. Oxford co. Maine, 12 m. S. W. Paris. Pop. 1,035. Watcrford, p-t. Caledonia co. Vt. on Connecti- cut river, 32 m. E. Montpelier. Pop. 1,247. Walerford,t. New-London co.Ct. on the Thames, 4 m. from New-London, 37 from Hartford. It contains 2 churches for Baptists. Pop. 2,239. Waterford, p-t. Saratoga co. N. Y. on the Hud- son, at its confluence with the Mohawk, opposite Lansingburgh, with which it is connected by a bridge, 10m. above Albany. A bridge is* also here thrown across the Mohawk, and commands a view of Cahoos falls. The village of Waterford is handsomely laid out, and contains an academy for females, 2 churches, and about 200 houses. Pop. 1,184. Waterford, t. Gloucester co. N. J. Pop. 2,447. Waterford, p-t. Erie co. Pa. on Le Boeuf, a nav- igable branch of French creek, 16 m. S. Lake Erie. The creek is here 2 rods wide, but of depth sufficient for boats of the greatest burden, and is the thoroughfare of the commerce between Pitts- burg and Erie. Waterford contains about 50 houses. Pop. 579. Waterford, p-t. Lancaster co. Pa. Walerford, t. Susquehannah co. Pa. Pop. 790, Wnterford, p-v. Loudon co. Va. Wateiford, p-t Washington co. Ohio, on the Muskingum, 16 miles above Marietta. Pop. 475. Another of the same name, in the same co. Pop. 405. Waterloo, v. Netherlands, in Brabant, 12m. S. Brussels, rendered famous by one of the most tre- mendous and eventful battles recorded in modern history, fought on Sunday, June 18th, 1815, be- 806 WAT tween the allied British, Hanoverian, German, and Belgic troops under the duke of Wellington, and the French under Napoleon Bonaparte. The allied army amounted to about 70,000 men, and the French to 90,000. The French were totally defeated, and the hopes of Bonaparte frustrated for ever. The loss on both sides is very variously stated. Waterloo, British settlement in W. Africa, in the E. part of the colony of Sierra Leone. Pop. 700. Waterloo, p-v. and half-shire, Seneca co. N. Y. on Seneca river, 7 m. E. Geneva. Here are falls in the river, around which locks are constructed. Waterloo is a rapidly growing place. It contains a court-house, jail, and a printing office, from which a newspaper is issued. Waterqueechy. See Queechy. Watersav, one of the Western islands of Scot- land. Lou. T 30' W. Lat. 56 54' N. Wattrtown, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass, on Charles river, 7 miles from its mouth, and 7 W. N. W. Boston. It contains several manufacturing es- tablishments, and a national arsenal. Pop. 1,518. Watertown, p-t. Litchfield co. Ct. 26 m. from New-Haven, 30 from Hartford. Pop. 1,439. It contains 2 churches, 1 for Congregationalists, and 1 for Episcopalians. Watertown, p-t. and cap. Jefferson co. N. Y. on Black river, 12 m. from Sackett's Harbor, 80 N. Utica, 174 N W. Albany. Pop. 2,766. The riv- er is navigable for boats to Brownville, 4 miles below. Watertown contains a court-house and jail, a State arsenal, a printing office, from which a weekly paper is issued. In the opposite bank of the river is a remarkable cavern. Waterville, p-t. Kennebeck co. Maine, on the W. side of Kennebeck river, opposite Winslow, to which it once belonged, 20 m. N. Hallowell, 15 S. E. Norridgewock. Pop. 1,709. It contains a bank and has considerable trade. There is a flourish- ing village on the Kennebeck, at Teconic falls, which are at the head of boat navigation on the river, and afford numerous excellent sites for mills and manufacturing establishments. In this village is the Waterville College, under the direction of the Baptist denomination. It was commenced in 1818 ; its officers are a President, Professor of Theology, and Professor of Langua- ges. A building of brick is erected 80 feet by 40 for the accommodation of the students, the number of whom in 1822 was 22, including 5 in theology. A latin school is attached to the college. In J820, the State legislature granted it $1,000 annually for seven years. Waterville, v. in Sangerfield, Oneidaco. N. Y. Waterrille, p-v. Delaware co. N. Y. Watcrvliet, p-t. Albany co. N. Y. on the Hudson, 6 miles above Albany. Pop. 2,806. It contains among other manufactories, a bell foundery and a manufactory of iron screw?. At Niskayuna in this town, there is a village of Shakers. Watford, t. Eng. in Herts, 14m. N. W. London. Lon. 25' W. Lat. 51 41' N. Watkinsonville, p-t. and cap. Clark co. Geo. 10 m. S. Athens. It contains a court-house and jail. Waiting's Island, one of the Bahamas, about 18 njiles long. Lon. 74 16' W. Lat. 23 50' N. Watlinglon, t. Eng in Oxfordshire, 25 m. S. E. Oxford, 46 W. London. Lon. 55 W. Lat. 51 39' N. Watson, t. Lewi* co. V. Y WAY Walton, t. Eng. in Norfolk co. 21 m. W. Nor- wich, 90 N. N. E. London. Lon. 50' E. Lat. 52 34' N. . Wattsborough, p-v. Luneburg co. Va. Wareney, r. Eng. in Suffolk, which joins the Yare, at its mouth. Waughsburg, p-v. Stokes co. N. C. Wawarsing, t. Ulster co. N. Y. 25 m. S. W. Kingston. Pop. 1,811. Waway, isl. near the E. coast of Celebes, 40 miles in circuit. Lon. 123 30 E. Lat. 4 8' S. Waxholm, fort, Sweden, on a small island at the entrance of the channel of the Malar lake, 16 m. E. Stockholm. Lon. 18 16' E. Lat. 59 21' N. Wayaconda, r. Missouri, which flows into the Mississippi, S. of the Desmoius. Waygoo, isl. in the Pacific, 60 miles long. Lon. 130 31' E. Lat. 2' N. to O u 30' S. Wayne, p-t. Kennebeck co. Maine, 20 m. W. Augusta. Pop. 1,051. Wayne, p-t. Steuben co. N. Y. 15 m. N.E. Bath. Pop. 3,607. Wayne, co. Pa. bordering on New York.- Pop. 4,127. Engaged in agriculture 1,137, in com- merce 12, in manufactures 58. Chief town, Beth- any. Wayne, GO. N. C. Pop. 9,040. Slaves 3,162. Engaged in agriculture 2,978, in commerce 23, in manufactures 4. Chief town, Waynesborough. Wayne, co. Geo. on the S. side of the Alata- maha. Pop. 1,010. Slaves 333. Engaged in ag- riculture 117. At the court-house is a post-office. Wayne, co. Mississippi, bordering on Alabama. Pop. 3,323. Slaves 1,065. Engaged in agricul- ture 365, in commerce 12, ^manufactures 6. At the court-house is a post-office. Wayne, co. West Tennessee. Pop. 2,459. Slaves 72. Engaged in agriculture 692, in man- ufactures 8. Wayne, co. Ken. Pop. 7,951. Slaves 553. En- gaged in agriculture 2,297, in commerce 6, in manufactures 60. Chief town, Monticello. Wayne, co. Ohio. Pop. 11,993. Engaged in agriculture 3,281, in commerce 20, in manufac- tures 178. Chief town, Wooster. Wayne, t. Adams co. Ohio. Pop. 771. Wayne, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, 12 m. S. E. Jef- ferson. Pop. 624. Wayne, t. Belmont co. Ohio, 16 m. S. W. St. Clairsville. Pop. 624. Wayne, t. Butler co. Ohio, 8 m. N. Hamilton. Pop. 1,552. Wayne, t. Champaign co. Ohio. Pop. 905. Wayne, t. Clermont co. Ohio. Pop. 459. Wayne, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. Pop. 724. Wayne, t. Dark co. Ohio. Pop. 268. Wayne, t. Fayette co. Ohio. Pop. 925. Wayne, t. Jefferson co. Ohio, 10 m. VV. Steuben- ville. Pop. 1,696. Wayne, t. Kuox co. Ohio. Pop. 1,101. Wayne, t. Montgomery co. Ohio, on the Miami, 7 m. above Dayton. Pop. 729. Wayne, t. Muskingum co. Ohio. Wayne, t. Pickaway co. Ohio, on the Scioto, op- posite Circleville. Pop. 950. Wayne, t. Scioto co. Ohio, in which is Ports- mouth, the county seat. Pop. 541. Wayne, t. Wayne co. Ohio. Pop. 676. Wayne, co. Indiana, bordering on Ohio. Pop. 12,119. Engaged in agriculture 2,133, in com- merce 22, in manufactures 28 1 . Chief town, Cen- trevillo. W E G W ayne, co. Illinois, W. of Edwards co. Pop. 1,1-14. Engaged in agriculture 217, in com- merce 3. Wayne, co. Missouri. Pop. 1,'443. Engaged in agriculture 2. Wayne, co. Michigan Territory. Chief town, Detroit. Pop. (except Detroit,) 2,152. Engag- ed in agriculture 461, in commerce 5, in manu- factures 46. Waynesborough, borough and p-t. Franklin co. Waynesborough, p-t. and cap. Green co. Pa. 22 m.S. Washington, 51 S. S. W. Pitts burg. Pop. 298. Waynesbo rough, p-v. Augusta co. Va. Wai/nesborough, p-t. and cap. Wayne co. N. C. on the Neuse, 50 m S. E. Raleigh. Waynesbo rough, p-t. and cap. Burke co. Geo. on Briar creek, 14m. from Savannah river, 30 S. Augusta, 25 N. E. Louisville, 100 N. W. Savan- nah. It contains a court-house and jail, an acad- emy, and 2 churches, 1 for Presbyterians, and 1 for Methodists. Waynesburg, v. in Havertitraw, Rockland co. N. Y. the most considerable place in the county. Here is an academy. Wayntsburg, p-v. Chester co. Pa. Waynesville, p-v. and cap. Haywoodco. N. C. Waynesville, p-t. Warren co. Ohio, on the Little Miami, 10m. E Lebanon. Pop. 517. Waynesville, t. Woodco. Ohio. Pop. 517. Wear. See Ware. Weare, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 14 m. S. W. Concord. Pop. 2,781. Wealhersfiddj p-t. Windsor co. Vt. on Connec- ticut river, 7 m. below Windsor. Pop. 2,301. Weathersjidd. See Weihersjield, Ct. Weathersjidd, t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 5 m. S. E. Warren. Pop. 526. Webhamet, r. Maine, which runs into the At- lantic, at Wells. Wechsdburg, t. Saxony, 4 m. N. N. E. Penig, 3 S. Rochlitz. Wed el Kibbe.tr, (an. Ampsagaj) r. Algiers, which runs into the iMediterranean, 15 m. S. Seb- ba Rous. Lon. 6 28' E. Lat. 36 57' N. Wed el Mailah, i. e. The Salt River, r. Algiers, which runs into the Mediterranean, 10 m. S. S. E. cape Figalo. Wed el Shaier, r. Africa, which after a N. E. course of 30 miles changes its name to Mailah, and finally loses itself in the Shott. Wedenschweil, t. Switz. on the S. W. coast of lake Zurich, 9 m. S. Zurich, 10 N. E. Zug. Wednesbury, or Wedgebury, t. Eng. in Stafford- shire, in the midst of mines of coal, with manu- factures of nails, hammers, axes, &c. 8 m. N. W: Birmingham, 118 N. W. London. Lon. 2 V W. Lat. 52 33' N. Pop. 5,372. Weeboturk, r. .V. Y. which enters the Housaton- nuc, at Dover, on the borders of the State. Weds, r. Germany, which falls into the Weser, 8 m. N. W. Bremen. Weerdt, or Werdt, t. Prussian States, in West- phalia, on the Old Issel, 40 m. W. M unster. Lon. 6" 33' E. Lat. 51 52' N. Pop. 2, 100. Weert, t. Netherlands, 10m. W. Ruremond, 13 S. W. Venlo. Lon. 5 43' E. Lat. 51 17' N. Weferliflgen, t. Prussian States, in Saxony, 25 m. N. Halberstadt. Pop. 1 ,400. Wegettbcn, t. Prussian States, in Saxony, 5 m. N 7 . Quedlingburg, 4 E. Halberstadt Pop. 2, 100. W E 1 807 Wehlen, or Wehlau, or Wehl-Stadtel, t. Saxony, 5 m. S. Pirna. Pop. 650. Weichlersbach, or Wechterbach, t. Germany, oa the Kinzig, 23 m. E. Fraucfort on the Maine. Weida, r. Silesia, joins the Oder, near Breslau. Weiden, t. Bavaria, on the Nab, 17 m. N. E. Sulsbach, 42 N. Ratisbon. Lon. 12 3 E. Lat. 49 40' N. Pop. 2,152. Weighton, or Market- Wighton, t. Eng. in York- shire, 18 m. S. S. E. York, 191 N. London. Weil, t. Wurtemberg, on the Wirm, 10 m. W. S. W. Stuttgart, 40 N. E. Friburg. Lon. 8 50' E. Lat. 48 48' N. Pop. 1,800. Weilburg, t. Germany, in Nassau, 9 m. W. Wetzlar,21 N. Mentz. Lon. 8 18' E. Lat.5026' N. Pop. 1,800. Weile, or Wedel, seaport, Denmark, in North Jutland, on a bay, in the Little Belt, 38 m. N. E. Ripen, 35 S. S. W. Aarhuus. Lon. 9 30' E. Lat. 55 45' N. Weilhaim, or Weilheim, t. Bavaria, 26 m. S. W. Munich, 38 S. S. E. Augsburg. Lon. 114'E. Lat. 47 44' N. Pop. 1,862. Weitiieim, t. Wurtemberg, on the Lauter, 20 m. N. E. Ulm, 20 S. E. Stuttgart. Lon. 9 35' E. Lat. 48 33' N. Weimar, Grand Dutchy of, one of the German States. It consists of two detached territories in the centre of Germany, one called the province of Weimar, the other the province of Eisenach, con taining together 1,460 square miles, with 201,000 inhabitants, 33 cities, 10 market towns, and 679 villages The revenue is 150,000. Weimar, i. Germany, and capital of Saxe- Wei- mar, with a palace, in which the duke has a valu- able library of 100,000 volumes, a cabinet of med- als, a museum, and a gallery of paintings ; and where are kept the archives of the Ernestine line of the dukes of Saxony. 94 m. W. Dresden, 46 S. W.Leipsic. Lon. 11 22' E. Lat. 51 2' N. Pop. 10,000. Weinfelden, t. Switzerland, 4 miles S. W. Con- stance, 25 N. E. Zurich. Pop. 2,000. Weingarten, t. Baden, 13 m. S. S. E. Spire, 21 S. S. E. Manheim. Lon. 8 30' E. Lat. 49 3' N. Pop. 2,622. Weinheim, t. Baden, famous for its wine, 9 m. N. Heidelberg, 8 N. E. Manheim. Pop, 4,039. Weinsberg, t. Wurtemberg, 5 m. N. E. Heil- bronn. Pop. 1,700. The valley in which it lies is famous for its wine. Weisenhorn, t. Baden, on the Roth, 11 m. S. E, Ulm. Lon. 10 8' E. Lat. 48 17' N. Weiskirchen, or Hranitse, t. Moravia, 15 m. E, N. E. Prerau, 24 E. S. E. Olmutz. Lon. 17 43' E. Lat. 49 30' N. Pop. 3,200. Weismayn, t. Bavaria, 20 m. N. E. Bamberg, Lon. 11 18' E. Lat. 50 6' N. Weissemburg, or Korn Weissemburg, or Wis~ semburg, t. France, in Lower Rhine, on the Lau- ter, at the foot of the Vosges, 27 m. N. Strasburg, 12 S. S. W. Landau. Lon. 8 E. Lat. 49 3' N. Pop. 4,097. Weissemburg, t. Bavaria, with 2 churches and a medicinal spring, 28 m. S. S. W. Nuremberg, 48 W. Ratisbon. Lon. 10 55' E. Lat. 48 58' N, Pop. 4,000. Weissemburg, or Alba Julia, or Carlsburg, or Fejervar, t. Transylvania, capital of a county, and see of a bishop, on the Maros, 90 m. N. E. Temes- var. Lon. 24 10' E. Lat. 46 16' N. Pop, 11,279. 808 W E L Weissenburg, t. Bavaria, on the Rezat, with manufactures in gold and silver. Pop. 6,000. Weissenburg, t. Lehigh co. Pa. Pop. 1,175. Weissenfels, t. Prussian states, in Saxony, on the Saal, 18 m. VV. S. W. ^eipsic, 6 N. E. Naumburg. Lon. 11 59' E. Lat 51 14' N. Pop.' 5,200. Weissensee, t. Prussian states, in Saxony, 14 m. N. Erfurt, 17 N. W. Weimar. Lon. il 6'E. Lat. 51 10' N. Pop. 1,800. Weissenstadt, t. Bavaria, on the Egra, 6 m. N. N. W. VVensiedel, 15 N. E. Bayreuth. Pop. 1,247. Weissenitz, or Weisseritz, r. Saxony, which runs into the Elbe, near Dresden. Weistntz, r. Silesia, which runs into the Oder, near Schweidnitz. Weitra, or Weitrach, t. Austria, 36 m. N. VV. Crems, 68 W. N. W. Vienna. Lon. 14 59' E. Lat. 48 41' N. Weluu, t. Prussia, 28 m. E. S. E. Konigsberg. Lon. 21 23' E. Lat. 54 36' N, Welby, p-v. Prince George co. Md. Weld, t. Oxford co. Maine, 25 m. N. Paris. Pop. 489. Weldon, Great, t. Eng. in Northampton co. 28 m. N. E. Northampton, 84 N. London. Weldon, t. Halifax co. N. C. at the foot of the falls in the Roanoke. We/ford, t. Eng. in Northamptonshire, 15 m. N. W. Northampton. Welland, r. Eng. which runs into the German sea, in what is called the Wash, between the counties of Lincoln and Norfolk. Welland, r. Canada. See Chlppeway. Wellfleel, p-t. Barnstable co. Mass. 31m. N. E. Barnstable, 60 by water S. E. Boston. Pop. 1,472. WeUingborough, t. Eng. in Northampton, llm. N. E. Northampton, 68 N. London. Lon. 42' VV. Lat. 52 20' N. Wellington, t. Eng. in Salop co. The parish is large, containing 14 villages, and abounds in coal, lime, and iron-stone. 11 m. E. Shrewsbury, 143 N. W. London. Lon. 2 35' W. Lat. 52 44' N. Pop. 8,213. Wellington, t. Eng. in Somerset co. with a con- siderable manufacture of serges and druggets, &c. Pop. 3,874. 7 m. S. VV. Taunton, 147 W. S. W. London. Lon. 2' 24' W. Lat. 50 57' N. Wellington, t. Bristol co. Mass, on the W. side of Taunton river, 3 m. S. Taunton, 35 S. Boston. Pop. 954. Wellington, p-v. Medina co. Ohio. Welloe, The, rock in the English channel, near the coast of Cornwall, 9 m. S. E. Penzance. Lon. 5 14' W. Lat. 5" N. Wells, city, Eng. in Somerset co. It receives its name from a remarkable spring, called St. An- drew's Well, vulgarly Bottomless Well. The city is small and compact, in general well built and neatly paved. 19 m. S. W. Bath, 121 VV. London. Lon. 2 50' VV. Lat. 51 11' N. Pop. 5,154. Wells, seaport, Eng. in Norfolk co. situated on a small river, near the German sea, 30 m. N. E. Lynn, 121 N. N. E. London. Lon. 52' E. Lat. 52 J 57'N. Pop. 2,3 16. Wells, p-t. York co. Maine, on the coast, 13 m. N. N. E. York, 32 S. VV. Portland. Pop. 2,660. Kennebunk, which was formerly included in this town, now forms a separate towns-hip. Wells, r. Vt. which runs into the Connecticut, at Newbury. Wells, t. Rutland co. Vt. 37 m. VV. Windsor. Pop. 986. VV E O Wells, t. Hamilton co. N. Y. Pop. 331. Wells, p-v. Beaufort co. S. C. ll'tllsborougk, p-t. and cap. Tioga co. Pa. 45 m, N. VVilliarnsport. Wellsburg, formerly Charlcstown, p-t. and cap. Brooks co. Va. pleasantly situated on the Ohio, 6 m. below Steubenville, 17 above Wheeling, 39 by land S. W. Pittsburg, 80 by water. It contains about 200 ho uses, a court-house and jail, an acade- my with about 60 students, a church, printing office, pottery, and one of the most extensive white- glass manufactories in the Western States. Thi place stands on the shortest route between the Po- tomac and Ohio rivers. Wells's Passage, inlet on the N. W. coast of America, branching off from Broughton's archi- pelago. Welmich, or Welmcnach, t. Nassau, on the right bank of the Rhine, 1 m. from St. Goar. Wels, t. Lower Austria, on the Traun, 11 m. S. S. W. Lintz, 96 W. Vienna. Lon. 14 E. Lat. 48* 10' N. Pop. 3,240. Welskjield, t. Geauga co. Ohio. Pop. 100. Welshpool, t. Wales, in Montgomery co. near the Severn, 18 m. W. S. VV. Shrewsbury, 169 W. N. W. London. Lon. 3 3' VV. Lat. 52 34' N. Pop. 2,300. Weltenburg, t. Bavaria, on the Danube, 20 m. E. N. E. Ingoldstadt, 1 1 S. W. Ratisbon. Welzheim, or Welzen, t. Wurtemburg, on thf. Loin, 20m. E. Stuttgart. Pop. 1,300. Wem, t. Eng. in Salop, 11 m. N. Shrewsbury. 164 N. W. London. Lon. 2 47' W. Lat. 52 54 N. Pop. 3,087. Wemyss, s-p. Scotland, in Fifeshire, on the N. side of the Frith of Forth. Coals and salt are the only exports. 4 m. N. E. Kirkcaldy. Lon. 3 4 VV. Lat. 56 9' N. Wendell,i. Cheshire co. N. H.40m. N. W. Con- cord. Pop. 603. Wendell, t. Franklin co. Mass. 12 m. E. Green- field. Pop. 958. Wendelstein, t. Bavaria, 6 m. S. Nuremberg, 26 E. Anspach. Lon. 1 1 44' E. Lat. 48 18' N. Wendlingen, t. Wurtemburg, on the Lauter, near the Neckar, 12 m. S. E. Stuttgart, 28 N. VV. Ulm. Lon. 9 27' E. Lat. 48 38' N. Wendover, t. Eng. in Bucks co. 6 m. S. E. Ayles- bury, 35 N. W. London. Wendover, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, on the St. Francis, 25 m. S. Three Rivers. Wenham, p-t. Essex co. Mass. 6 m. N. E. Salem. Pop. 572. Wenloch, or Much Wenlock,t. Eng. in Salop. It sends two members to parliament. 12 m. S. E. Shrewsbury, 147 N. W. London. Lon. 2 36' W. Lat. 52 38' N. Pop. 2,079. Wenner Lake, lake, Sweden, 80 m. long, and from 20to30 wide, which discharges itself through the GolhaElbe, into the sea, near Gottenburg. Wennersborg, t. Sweden, at the S. W. extremi- ty of Wetmer Lake, 15m. E. Uddevalla, 45 N. Gotheborg. Lon. 12 9' E. Lat. 58 U 26' N. Wensbeck, r. Eng. which runs into the German Sea. Lat. 55 13' N. Went worth, t. York co. Lower Canada, 43 m. VV. Montreal. Wmlwoflh, p-t Grafton co. N. II. 58 m. N. Concord. Pop. 807. Weobly, t. En. in Hereford co. It sends two members to parliament. 12 m. N. VV. Hereford, 141 W. N. W. London. Lon. 2 47' W. Lat, 52 17' N. Pop. GOD. WES Wtrben, t. Prussian States, in Saxony, at the .-.onflux of the Havel and Elbe, 33 m. N. N. W. Brandenburg, 53 W. N. W. Berlin. Lon. 29 44' E. Lat. 52 53' N. Pop. 1,400. Werben, t. Prussian States, in Pomerania, 9 m. S. S. W. Stargard. . Werdau, t. Saxony, 6 m. 'W. Zwickau. Pop. 3,000. Werden, t. Prussian States, in Westphalia, on theRoer, 11 m. N. E. Dusseldorf. Pop. 1,700. Lon. 6 55' E. Lat. 51 IB' N. Werdenberg, fortified t. Switzerland, in Glarus. 11 m. S. S. E. Appenzell, 25 E. N. E. Glarus. Werder, t. Prussia, in Brandenburg, on an isl- and formed by the Havel, 4 m. W. Potzdam. Pop. 1,600. Were, or Wear, (an. Vedral) r. Eng. which runs into the sea at Sunderland ; another runs into the Avon near Trowbridge. Weremoulh, Bishop's, t. Eng. in Durham, on the Were, 12m. N. N. E. Durham. Lon. 1 22' W. Lat. 54 59 ; N. Werenwuth, Monk's, t Eng. in Durham, at the mouth of the Were, opposite Sunderland. Wtrfen, t. and fortress, Austria, on the Salza, 15 m. N. W. Radstadt, 14 S. S. W. Halein. Wercla, or Guergela, t. Africa, in Biledulge- rid, 300 m. S. Algiers. Lon. 4 10' E. Lat. 31 45' N. Werl, t. Prussian States, in Westphalia, 13 m. W. S. W. Lippstadt, 52 N. E. Cologn. Lon. 7 58' E. Lat. 51 33' N. Werne, t. Prussian Westphalia, 19 m. S. Mun- ster. Lon. 7 48' E. Lat 51 38' N. Pop. 1,400. Wernigerode, t. Prussian States, in Saxony, 12 m. S. W. Halberstadt, 27 S. S. E. Wolfenbuttel. Lon. 10 52' E. Lat. 51 53' N. Pop. 6,500. Wernitz, r. Germany, which runs into the Dan- ube, near Donauwert. Werra, r. Germany, which rises in the princi- pality of Coburg, passes by Eisfe Id, Hildberghau- sen, Meinungen, Creutzberg, Allendorf, &c. and joining the Fulda at Munden, forms theWeser. Wersala, small isl. near the coast of Finland, at the entrance into the Gulf of Bothnia. Lon. 31 6'E. Lat. 60 46' N. Wertheim, t. Germany, in Baden, at the conflux of the Maine and Tauber, 42 m. E. N. E. Man- heim, 20 W. Wurtzburg. Lon. 9 35' E. Lat. 49 49' N. Pop. 3,227. Werther, t. Prussian States, in Westphalia, 5 m. N. N. W. Bielefeld. Pop. 1,300. Wertingen, t. Bavaria, 14 m. N. N. W. Augs- burg, 30 N. E. Ulm. Wervick, or Warwick, or Berwick, t. Nether- land, on the Lys, 3 m. S. W. Menin. Pop. 4,151. Wesel, t. Prussian States, in Cleves-and-Berg, on the Rhine, 17 m. E. S. E. Cleves. Lon. 6 36 E. Lat. 51 38' N. Pop. 6,500. Wesel, or Ober Wesel, t. Germany, 20 m. S. Coblentz, 46 E. N. E. Treves. Wesenbetg, t. Mecklenburg-Strelitz, 42 m. N. Spandau. Pop. 1,700. Westp, t. Holland, on the Vecht, well fortified towards the east, 4 m. S. E. Amsterdam. Weser, r. Germany, formed by the union of the Werra and Fulda, flows into the German sea in Ion. 8 E. lat. 53 48' N. Wtslcy,t. Washington co. Ohio, 15m. W. Mari- etta. Pop. 392. Weslingbuhren, t. Holstein, 53m. N. W. Ham- burg, 30 S. W. Sleswick. West, t. Huntingdon co. Pa. Pop. 1,214- 102 WES 809 West, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. Top. 722. West Bay, bay of the English Channel, on the coast of the counties of Dorset and Devon. Westboroitgh, p-t. Worcester co Mass. 13 m. E, Worcester, 30 W. Boston. Pop. 1,326. WesCBoylston, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 10 m. N. Worcester. Pop. 886. Wtst B ridgew filer, t, Plymouth co. Mass, incor- porated in 1822. Westbrook, formerly Slroudivater,t. Cumberland co. Maine, 3 m. W. Portland. Pop. 2,494. Westbrook, p-v. Bladen co. N. C. Westbury, bor. and t. Eng. in Wilts, 26 m. W. N. W. Salisbury, 101 VV. London. Lon. 2 12' W. Lat. 51 15' N. It sends 2 members to parlia- ment. Westbury, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, 80 m. S. S. E. Three Rivers. West Cambridge, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. 9 m. from Boston. Pop. 1,064. West Cayuga, small v. Seneca GO. N. Y. on the W. side of Cayuga lake, connected with East Cayuga by a bridge 316 rods long. West Chester, p-v. Middlesex co. Ct. West Chester, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Putnam co. E. by Connecticut, S. by Long Island Sound, and W. by the Hudson. Pop. 32,638. Engaged in agriculture 4,993, in commerce 251, in manu- factures 1,614. Chief towns, Bedford and White Plains. Weslchester, p-t. Westchester co. N. Y. 12 m. from New- York. Pop. 2,162. It has many ele- gant country seats. Westchester, p-t. borough, and cap. Chester co. Pa. 24 m. W. Philadelphia. It contains a court- house, jail, market house, bank, and. Catholic church. Pop. 552. Weslchester, t. Tuscarawas co. Ohio. Westeras, province, Sweden, comprising the W. parts of Westmanland, and North Upland. Sq. miles, 2,882. Pop. 86,583. Westeras, or Weslerahs, t. Sweden, on the N. coast of the Malar Lake, the see of a bishop. The trade is very considerable. 36 m. W. S. W. Up- sal, 48 W. N. W. Stockholm. Lon. 16 31' E. Lat. 59 8& N. Pop. 3,229. Westerburg, t. Germany, in Nassau, 34 m. N. Mentz. Pop. 1,300. Westerham, or Westram, t. Eng. in Kent, 20 m. W. S. W. Maidstone, 22 S. London. Lon. 3' E. Lat. 51 16' N. Pop. 1,437. Weslerloo, t. Netherlands on the Nethe. Pop. 2,000. 24 m. W. S. W. Antwerp. Weslerlo, t. Albany co. N. Y. Pop. 3,458. Westerly, p-t. Washington co. R. I. on the sea coast, 35 m. VV. Newport, 36 S. W. Providence. Pop. 1,972. It contains the village ef Pawcatuck, in which are 50 dwelling houses, an extensive Woollen factory, 2 banks, and 2 academies. Western, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 22 m. S. W. Worcester. Pop. 1,112. Western, p-t. Oneida co. N. Y. on the Mohawk, 20 m. from Utica. Pop. 2,237. Western Island?. See Azores and Hebrides. Western port, p-v. Alloghauy co. Md. Western States, a division of the United States, comprising the states which lie wholly west of the Allegheny mountains ; viz. Tennessee, Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Missouri. Westerwyck, s-p. Sweden, on a bay of the Bal- tic, with a good harbor, and a brisk trade in ship limber, and all sorts of naval stores. 68 m. N: S10 W S WES Calmar. Lon. 16 24' E. Lat. 57 45' N. Pop. 2,608. Wist Fairlee, t. Orange co.Vt. 35 m. S. E. Mont- pelier '///*. t. Pickaway co. Ohio, on the Scioto, nearly opposite" Circlevi'lle, 26 m. S. Columbus. West farms, p-v. West Chester co. N. Y. // ( tfjfaUj t. King's co New Brunswick, on Ken- ncbecasis bay. Jr. . -fji'.ld, t. Orleans co.Vt. 42 m. N. Montpelier. Pop . wettfield, p-t. Hamden co. Mass. 6m. W. Spring- field. Pop. 2,668. The village of Westfield is hands >naelj built, and contains a Congregational churcii. and an academy. Wf.sljitld. r. .Mass, which rises in Berkshire co. and i i uning S. E. falls into the Connecticut at \Ves-Sj.ringfield V - .<[firld, t. Richmond co. on Staten Island, N. Y. ;'t the S. W. extremity of the island. Pop. 1,61ft Westjleld, p-t. Essex co. N. J. 7m. W.Elizabeth- tow u Pop. 2,35H. Wts W. Philadelphia. It contains a WES large and respectable Quaker boarding school. Pop. 755. Westphalia, one of the ten provinces into which the Prussian States were divided in 1815. It is subdivided into the governments of Munster, Min- den, and Arensberg. Extent, 7,565 square miles. Pop. 1,000,000. Revenue, 580,000/. Chief towns, Minden and Munster. Westphalia, formerly a circle of Germany, bounded N. by the Dutch states, VV. by the Neth- erlands, and elsewhere by the circles of the Rhine, Upper and Lower. Westphalia, lately a kingdom in Germany, form- ed of several principalities, taken from the king of Prussia after the battle of Friedland, lying west of the Elbe and the Saale. It contained 2,000,000 inhabitants but was abolished on the downfall of Bonaparte. West Point, p v. and military post, in Cornwall, Orange co. N. Y. on the VV. bank of the Hudson, at its passage through the highland?, 7 m. S. New- burgh, 58 N. New York. During the Revolution- arv war it was strongly fortified, and deemed one of the most important posts in America, but the works are now in ruins. A military academy was established here in 1802, by the general govern- ment, and iu 1812, 25,000 dollars were appropria- ted for erecting buildings, and procuring a library and apparatus. The academy now consists of a professor and assistant professor of natural and experimental philosophy, a professor and assistant professor of mathematics, a professor and assistant professor of the art of engineering, a chaplain, who is also professor of ethics, an instructor in tactics, an instructor in artillery, a surgeon who is acting professor of chemistry, a teacher of the French language, a teacher of drawing, and a sword master. The term of study is 4 years. The number of cadets is limited to 250. Wtstport, s-p. Ireland, in Vlayo co. at the mouth of a small river, which forms a fine bay within Clew bay. 8 m. W. Castlebar. Lon. 9 22' W. Lat. 53'48'N. Weslporl, p-t. with a port, Bristol co. Mass. 24 m. S. Taunton, 59 S. Boston. Pop. 2,633. It is a flourishing town with considerable trade. Wcstport, p-t. Essex co. N. Y. on Lake Cham- plain, E.of Elizabcthtown. Pop. 1,095. Westport, p-t. Henry co. Ken. on a high bluff near the Ohio, 48 m. below the mouth of Ken- tucky river, 17 above Louisville. It has about 30 houses. West Quoddy Head, in Lubec, Me. the S. W. point at the entrance into Passamaquoddy bay. Here is a light-house. Weslra, one of the Orkney islands, about 8 miles long. 9 m. N. N. E. from the island of Po- mona. Lon. 2 49' VV. Lat. 59 9' N. Pop. 1,300. Weslrayi-ille, p-v. Nash co. N. C. West River, r. Vt. which runs into the Con- necticut 10 m. from the S. boundary of the State. West River, p-v. Ontario co. N. Y. West River, p-v. Ann Arundel co. Md. West-SpringJield, p-t. Humdcn co. Mass, on the W. side of Connecticut river, opposite Springfield. Pop. 3,246. Wesl-Stockbridge, p-t. Berkshire co. Mass. 10 m. S.S.W. Lenox. Pop. 1,0.5 1. West-Union, p-t. and cap. Adams co. Ohio, 56 m. S. W. Chillicothe. It contains a court-house and jail, a printing-office, and 2 churches. Pop. 406. W E 1 811 West-Union, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. Western Reef, i ocks in the Spanish Main, near the Musquito shore. Lon. 82 U 25' VV. Lat. 14 J 42' N. Wethcrby, or Weatherby, t. Eug. in Yorkshire, on the Wharf, 13 in. VV. York, 1-91 i\. London. Lon. 1 22 VV. Lat. 53 56' N. Wethersjield, p-t Hartford co. Conn, pleasant- ly situated on the VV. bank of Connecticut river, 4 m. below Hartford. It contains an ac-a'lemy, and 3 parishes, in each of which is a Congrega- tional meeting-house. The inhabitants aro gen- erally wealthy farmers, and raise large quanti-* ties of onions, which are exported to different parts of the U. States, and to the W. Indies. Pop, 3,825. Wetter, t. Prussian States, in Westphalia, 6 m, S. VV. Schwiert. Wetter, t. Germany, 6 m. N. W. Marburg, 34 S. VV. Cassel. Lon. 8 45' E. Lat. 50 54' N. Welter, r. Germany, which runs into the Nidda, at Assenheim. Wdter Island, isl. in the E Indian sea, 90 miles in circuit. Lon. 126 40' E. Lat. 7 24' S. Wdter Lake, lake, Sweden, between 58 and 59 N. lat. 65 miles long and from 10 to 16 wide. It discharges its waters by the river Motola into the Baltic. Wetting, t. Germany,on the Saal, 34 m. S. Mag. deburg, ,;6 N. N. W. Leipsic. Lon. 12 13' E, Lat. 5 l u 37' N. Pop. 2.0:31. Wetfiitgen, t. Swisserland, on the Limmat, with a celebrated wooden bridge, 1 m. S. Baden. Wc.izl.ar, t. Prussian States, in Lower Rhine, on the Lahn, 45 m. E. Coblentz, 32 N. N. E. Menlz. Lon. 8 33' E. Lat. 50 34' N. Pop. 4,000. Wever, r. Eng. in Cheshire, which runs into the Dee, 7 m. N. Chester. Wtverham,t. Eng. in Cheshire, 3m. W. North- wich. Wexford, county, Ireland, bounded N. by Wick- low, E. and S. by the sea, W. by Waterford and Kilkenny, and N. W. by Carlow. Pop. 132,000. Wexford, s-p. Ireland, in Wexford co. at the mouth of the Slaney, with a large and beautiful harbor, in St. George's channel, but the water is not deep enough to admit large vessels. The gen- eral appearance of the town is mean. Much woolen cloth is manufactured in the town and neighborhood. 25 m. W. N. W. Waterford, 60 S. Dublin. Lon. 6 29' W. Lat. 52 22' N. Pop 9,000. Wexi.o, t. Sweden, on the Helga Lake, the see of a bishop, 46 m. N. N. W. Carlscrona. Lon. 14 44' E. Lat. 56 52' N. Wey, r. Eng. which runs into the Thames at Weybridge. It is navigable to Guilford and Godalmin, and a canal leads from it to Basing- stroke. Weybridge, t. Eng. in Surry, at the conflux of the Wey and .the Thames, 9 m. S. VV. Kingston, 20 S.W-. London. Weybridge, t. Addison co. Vt. on Otter creek, opposite Middlebury, Pop. 714. Weyda, t. Germany, in Saxe Weimar, on the Elster, II m. E. N. E. Neustadt, 70 W. S. W Dresden. Lon. 12 1' E. Lat. 50 42' N. Pop. 1,400. Weydenau, t. Silesia, 8 m. S. W. Neisse, 16 S. S, E Miinsterburg. Lon. 17 2' E. Lat. 50 12' N, Weyersheim,t. France, in Lower Rhine, 9 m. N. Strasburg. Weyhill,v. Eng. in Hants, 68 W. S,W, London. W H I Wei/1, or /f>/, t. Swisserland, 14 in. b. S. W. Constance, 14 W. St. Gal. H 'eymoulh, s-p. Eng. in Dorsetshire, at the mouth of the Wey. It is a well-frequented port, and is defended by two castles, Sandford and Port- land. Weymouth sends two members to parlia- ment. 9 m. S. Dorchester, 129 W. S. W. Lon- don. Lon. 2" 38' W. Lat. 50 36' N. Pop. 4,732. If 'eymoulh, p-t. Norfolk co. Mass. 14 m. S. Bos- ton, 17 S. E. Dedham. Pop. 2,407. Weymouth, t. Gloucester co. N. J. Pop. 787. Weymouth furnace, p-v. Gloucester co. N. Y. Weypcrt, t. Bohemia, 25 m. N. W. Saatz, 60 W. N. W. Prague. Lou. 13" E. Lat. 50 25' N. Whale bank, fishing bank on the coast of New- foundland, 60 miles long and 21 wide. 90 m. S. Cape Mary. Lon. 53 50' W. Lat. 45 N. Whale Island, small isl. in the North sea. Lon. 134 W. Lat. 69 14' N. Whale Island, small isl. near the N. W. coast of Borneo. Lon. 112 21 ' E. Lat.4lO'N. Whale, r. W. Africa, which flows into the Atlan- tic, N. of Cape Shilling. Wharf le, or Wherfe, r. Eng. in York, which runs into the Ouse, 7 m. below York. Whurton, t. Fayetteco. Pa. Pop. 1,276. Whateley, p-t. Franklin co. Mass, on the W. side of Connecticut river, 10 m. above Northampton. Pop. 1,076. Wheatjidd, t. Indiana co. Pa. Pop. 2,020. Wheatland, t. Monroe co. N. Y. Wheat plains, p-v. Pike co. Pa. Wheatsboroagh, p-t. Huron co. Ohio. Wheeler, t. Steuben co. N. Y. Pop. 798. Wheeling, r. Va. which runs into the Ohio at Wheeling. Wheeling, p-t. and cap. Ohio co. Virginia, on Ohio river, at the mouth of Wheeling creek, 140 in. VV. by N.Cumberland, 57m. S.W. Pittsburg, by the road, 95 by the river. It stands on a higli bank, and the buildings are chiefly on one street, running parallel with the river. The town con- tained in 18 17, a court-house, jail, church, nail fac- tory, and about 200 houses. The great road from Wheeling to Cumberland on the Potomac, was erected by the U. States at an expense of$l,800,000. This road completes the communication between Baltimore arid the navigable western waters, and will doubtless cause Wheeling to rise rapidly in population and commercial importance. Wheeling, t. Guernsey co. Ohio, on Wills creek 6 m. N. Cambridge. Pop. 406. Wheeling, t. Belmont co. Ohio, 4 m. N. St. Clairs- ville. Pop 1,482. Wheelock, p-t. Caledonia co. Vt. 30 m. N. E. Montpelier. Pop. 906. Whelpaln, t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop. 1,126. Whetstone, r. Ohio, which runs into the Scioto, at Columbus. Whidah, kingdom, Africa, on the Slave coast, extending about 10 miles along the coast, and about 7 miles into the land. Whidah, t. Africa, in the county of Whidah. Lon. 124' K. Lat. 6 25' N. Whidby's Island, isl. in the gulf of Georgia, near the N. Vv . coast of America, about 36 miles long. Lon. 237 40;' E. Lat. 48 10' N. Whiddy, isl. on the S. coast of Ireland, in Ban- try bay. Lon. 9 25' W. Lat. 5 1 40 ' N. Whilby, s-p. Eng. in Yorkshire, at the mouth of the Esk, on the German sea, with a good harbour. Several vessels are employed in the Greenland W H I fishery. In the neighbourhood are large alum works. 46 m. N. N. E. York, 243 N. London. Lon. 1 55' W. Lat. 54 30' N. Pop. 7,483. Whilby, t. York co. Upper Canada, on Lake Ontario, E. of York. While, co. West Tennessee. Pop. 8,701. Slaves 593. Engaged in agriculture 1,960, in commerce 8, in manufactures 109. Chief town, Sparta. At the court-house is a post-office. White, co. Illinois, on the Wabash. Pop . 4,825. Engaged in agriculture 979, in commerce 20, in manufactures 17. Chief town, Carmi. White Bay, bay on the E. coast of Newfound- land. Lon. 56 25 ' W. Lat. 50 10 'IN. White Bay, bay on the E. coast ol Kerguelen'f Land. Lon. 69 15' E. Lat. 47 53' S. White bluff, settlement, Chatham co. Geo. 7 m S. Savannah. Whitechurch, t. Eng. in Hants, 25 m. E. Salis- bury, 58 W. S. W. London. Lon. 1 17 ' W. Lat. 51 14' N. Whitechurch, t Eng. in Salop, 20 m. N. Shrews- bury, 161 N. W. London. Lon. 2 44' W. Lat, 53 1' N. Whiteehurch, t. York co. Upper Canada. White clay, hundred, New Castle co. Del. Pop. 1,904. White Cliff, or Culver Cliff, cape of the E. coast of the Isle of Wight. Lon. 56' W. Lat. 50 39 'N. White Creek, t. Washington co. N.Y. 36 m. N.E. Albany. Pop. 2,377. Here is an academy. White Day, p-v. Monongalia co. Va. White deer, p-t. Northumberland co. Pa. on the Susquehannah. Pop. 1,677. Whitejield, p-t. Lincoln co. Maine, on botli sides of Sheepscot river, 15 m. N. Wiscasset. Pop, 1,429. Whitejield, t. Coos co. N. H. 4 m. from Connec- ticut river, 120 N. Concord. Pop. 281. White fish point, peninsula, Michigan Territo- ry, extending into Lake Superior, 33 m. W r . St. Mary's river. Whitehall, (formerly Skenesborough,') p-t. Wash- ington co. N.Y. at the S. extremity of Lake Cham- plain, 65 m. N Albany, 70 S. Burlington, 150 S. St. John's. It has 4 houses of public worship, 1 for Congregationalists, 1 for Presbyterian?, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Methodists. Pop. 2,341. Whitehall village is a well built and thriving lit- tle place, on both sides of Wood Creek, at its en- trance into Lake Champlain, and at the head ot navigation on the lake. Several sloops of from 40 to 80 tons are owned here, and a steam-boat con- stantly plies between Whitehall and St. John's, through the whole length of the lake. The trade of a considerable extent of country is naturally concentrated here, giving to the village the bustle and crowded aspect of a port. A canal from White- hall to Fort Edward, connecting Lake Champlaifc with the Hudson, is now completed. See JVeur- York, Slate of. Whitehall, t. Lehigh co. Pa. on the Lehigh, 10 m. W. N. W. Bethlehem. Pop. 3,430. Whitehall, p-v. Mecklenburg co. N. C. White haven, p-v. Somerset co. Md. White head, cape, Ireland, on the coast of An- trim, at the entrance into Belfast Lough. While horse Tavern, p-v. Somerset co. Pa. White, or Burnt Island, isl. in the Arabian gulf, near the coast of Adel. Lon. 64 55' E. Lat. IF 8'N. W H I White Keys River, r. Africa, which runs into the Indian sea, in lat. 30 35' S. Wh'leiand, East, t. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 818. Whitdand West, t. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 773. Whitely, co. Ken. Pop. 2,340. Slaves 96. En- gaged in agriculture 634, in commerce 2, in manu- factures 9. At the court-house is a post-office. Whiteleysburg, p-v. Kent co. Del. Whittmarsh, or Floiverlown, p-t. Montgomery co. Pa. on the Schuylkill, 12m. N. W. Philadel- phia. Pop. 1,601. H'hite Mountains, or White Hills, mountains, New-Hampshire, lying 30 m. N. of Winnipiseo- gee lake, and 70 N. Concord. They are the lofti- est mountains in the United States. Within a cir- cuit of 60 miles there are 6 peaks, whose eleva- tion exceeds 4,000 feet, and Mount Washington, the highest summit, was formerly estimated at 10,000, but more recent and accurate calculations reduce it to between 6,000 and 7,000. Mount Washington is frequently visited by travellers who ascend it by various routes, but most usually from the S. E. commencing in the town of Con- way, and following the course of Saco river, which has its origin high in the mountain. After climbing by the side of the mountain for a consid- erable distance, the trees begin to diminish in height, till at the elevation of about 4,000 feet, you come to a region of dwarfish evergreens, about the height of a man's head, putting forth numerous strong horizontal branches which are closely interwo- ven with each other, and surround the mountain with a formidable hedge, a quarter of a mile in thickness. On emerging from this thicket, you are above all woods, at the foot of what is called the bald part of the mountain, which is very steep and consists of a huge pile of naked rocks. After attaining the summit, the traveller is recompen- sed for his toil, if the sky be serene, with a most noble and extensive prospect. On the S E. is seen the Atlantic Ocean, the nearest part of which is 65 miles distant in a direct line, and on the south, is seen Winnipiseogee lake. The bar- ren rocks which extend for a great distance in ev- ery direction from the summit, add a melancholy grandeur to the scene. The Notch or Gap, on the west side of the mountains near the source of Saco river, is also frequented by travellers. It is a deep and narrow defile, in one part only 22 feet wide. The whole mountain, which otherwise forms a continued range, appears as if cloven down quite to its base, perpendicularly on one side, and on the other at an angle of 45 degrees. The road from Lancaster to Portland, which passes through this gap, is crossed by the river Saco. Several brooks, the tributaries of the Saco, fall down the sides of the mountains, forming; a succession of beautiful cascades, some of them within sight of the road. No part of the mountains is more in- teresting and picturesque than the scenery of this natural gap. While oak, p-v. Rutherford co. N. C. White oak creek, Ohio, runs into the Ohio, 5 m. below Ripley. White oak spring, p-v. Gibson co. Indiana. Whiteplains,p-i. Weatcheater co. N. Y..6 m. E. Hudson river, 30 from New- York. Pop. 675. The circuit courts are held here ; and the courts of oommon pleas and General sessions alternately here and at Bedford. White plains, p-v. Orange co. Va. White plains, p-v. Granville co. N. C. W H I While plains, p-v. White co. Tennessee. White post, p-v. Frederick co. Va. White river, r. Vt. which flows into the Connec- ticut 15 m. above Windsor. While river, Indiana, runs nearly parallel with the Ohio, at the distance of from 40 to 60 miles and enters the Wabash, 16 m. below Vincennes. White river, t. Knox co. Indiana. Pop. in 1810,, 974. While river, r Arkansas territory, which rises in the Ozark mountains in about Ion. 94 W. and lat. 36 N. and flowing E. receives Black river in lat. 35 15' N. after which its course is souftierly. Near its mouth it divides into two branches ; the smaller branch flows S. W. 4^ miles and joins the Arkansas, while the eastern enters the Mississippi in lat. 34 N. 15 m. above the mouth of Arkansas river. White river is navigable for keel boats 400 miles to Harding'a ferry, and during a consid- erable part of the year, 100 miles further. On many parts of this river and its tributaries are extensive and fertile bottoms, particularly at the point formed by its confluence with Black river, where is a large tract not surpassed in fertility by the best lands in the western country. While river, t. Lawrence co. Arkansas territory, Pop. 820. Whileburn, t. Scotland, in Linlithgow, 21 m, W. Edinburgh, 23 E. S. E. Glasgow. Whitehaven, s-p. Eng. in Cumberland co. on a bay of the Irish sea. It has a good artificial har- bour, with a long pier. The coal mines here are sunk to the depth of 130 fathoms, and extend un- der the sea. Here are copperas works, which yield considerable profit. Its chief trade is fur- nishing Ireland and part of Scotland with salt and coal. 40 m S. W. Carlisle, 303 N. N. W. Lon- don. Lon. 3 28 ' W. Lat. 54 28' N. Pop. 10,016. Whitehorn, or Withern, t. Scotland, in Wigten co. 12 m. S. Wigton, 409 N. London. Lon. 4 27' W. Lat. 54 50' N. Pop. 1,904. Whitehorn, small isl. Scotland, near the S. E, coast of Wigton. Lon. 4 27' W. Lat. 54 46' N. Whitekirk, t, Scotland, in Haddington, 4 m. S, E. North Berwick. Whiten Head, cape on the N. coast of Scotland, Lon. 4 22' W. Lat. 58 37' N. Whitesand bay, bay on the Wl coast of England, in Cornwall, N. of the Land's End. Lon. 5 34' W. Lat. 50 6' N. Whitesborough, p-v. in Whitestown, and cap. of Oneida co. N. Y. 4 m. N. W. Utica. It is princi- pally built on a single street, If miles long and contains a handsome court-house, a jail, academy, and 2 churches, 1 for Baptists and 1 for Presbyte- rians. Many of the dwelling houses are elegant. White's creek, p-v. Rhea co. Tennessee. White sand, p-v. Lawrence co. Miss. White sea, large gulf of the Frozen sea, on the N. coast of Russia. Lon. 31 to 41 E. Lat. 63 30' to 67 20 'N. Whitestown, p-t. Oneida co. N. Y. on the Mo- hawk, comprising the villages of Utica, Whites- borough, and New Hartford. Pop. 5,219. Whitesville, t. and cap. Columbus co. N. C. Whitewater, t. Hamilton co. Ohio. Pop. 1,661. White sulphur springs, p-v. Greenbriar co. Va. White water, r. which rises in Indiana, and re- ceiving numerous tributaries, runs into the Mia- mi, in Ohio, 5 m. above the junction of that riv- er with the Ohio, 20 m, below Brookville. It is 314 VV I E a beautiful transparent stream. It has a rapid cur- rent, not easily navigable, but is well adapted to mills, and many are now erected. While Iranian's river, Ohio, is formed by the un- ion of Mohiccan and Owl creeks, and flows into the Muskingum, at Coshocton. Whiting, p-t. Addison co. Vt. on Otter creek, 50 m. S.VV. Montpelier. Pop. 609. Whitingham, p-t. Wiudham co. Vt. 52 m. S. Windsor. Pop. 1,397. Whitley, t. Green co. Pa. Pop. 1,722. Whitstable, s-p. Eng. in Kent, near the mouth of the Swale, 7 m. N. Canterbury, 58 E. London. Lon. 12 E. Lat. 51 22' X. Whitsun Island, isl inthS. Pacific ocean. Lon. 137 56' W. Lnt. 19 26' S. Whitsun, or Whitsunday Island, or Pentecost, one of the New Hebrides, about 30 miles long and 8 broad. Lon. 168" 20 E. Lat. 15 44' S. Whittle It Woods, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 5 m. N. \Vigan. Whitllesea, t. Eng. in Cambridge, 18m. N. E. Huntingdon, 77 N. London. Whitton, t. Eng. in Lincolnshire, on the H um- ber, 15 m. N. N. VV. Glamford Briggs. Whymea Road, a road on the S. VV. coast of the island of Atooi. Wiblmgen, t. Wurtemberg, with a benedictine abbey, near the conflux of the Her with the Dan- ube, 3 m. S. S. W. Ulm. Wiburg. See Viborg. Wick, seaport, Scotland, in Caithness co. at the mouth of a river of the same name, which forms a bay of the Northern ocean. It is a royal burgh. 272 m. N. Edinburgh. Lon. 2 59' W. Lat. 58 24' N. Pop. 5,080. Wickerad, t. Germany, 3 m. N. E. Erkelcna, 12 N. Juliers. Wichford, p-v. in North Kingston, R. I. on Nar- raganset bay, 9 m. N. W. Newport. It is pleas- antly situated, and contains about 100 dwelling- houses, a bank, an academy, with a. building of 60 feet by 30, and about 60 students ; 3 churches, 1 each for Baptists, Episcopalians, and Quakers. W/wi, t. Eng. in Durham, 4m. W. S. W. Newcastle. Wickham Market, t. Eng. in Suffolk, 12 in. N.E. Ipswich, 81 N. N. E. London. Wickham, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, on the St. Francis, 30 m. S. Three- Rivers. Wickham, t. Queens co. New Brunswick. Wicklow, county, Ireland, bounded N. by Dub- jn, E. by the Irish sea, 3. by Wcxford, and VV. by Kildare and Carlow. Pop. about 60,000. Wicklow, seaport, Ireland, in Wicklow co. on a small harbor on the Irish sea, 41 m. N. Wexford, 22 S. Dublin. Lon. 6 3' VV. Lat. 52 59' N. Wickwarc, t. Eng. in Gloucester, 23 m. S. Glou- cester, 111 W. London. Lon. 2' 26' W. Lat. 51" 39' N. Wicomico, r. Md. which runs into Fishing bay, on the E. side of the Chesapeake. Wied, Old, t. Germany, 9 m. N. Cobleritz. Wiedenbruck, t. Prussian states, in Westphalia, ",-2 m. S. S. E. Osnabruck. Lou. 8 J8' E. Lat. 5145'N. Pop. 1,900. Wiegandsthal, or Wiegenthal, t. Prussian states, ;;i Silesia, 11 m. S. Lauban. Wiehe, t. Prussian states, in Saxony, 26 m. N. N. E. Erfurt, 19 N. Weimar. Lon. 11 35' E. Lat. 51 18'N. Pop. 1,500. Wielicsa, t. Austrian Poland, noted for its salt- mines, which produce a great revenue, The in- W 1 L habitants reside chiefly in the mines, and the church is under ground. 8 m. S. Cracow. Poi>. 2,200. Wien, r. Austria, which runs into the Danube, at Vicuna. c, or Wirpz, r. Poland, which runs into the Vistula, near Stericza. Wiesen, r. Germany, which runs into the Rhine, a little below Bale. Wiesensleig, t. Wurtcinberg, and capital of a lordship of the same name, 23 m. S. E. Stuttgart, 16 N. W. Ulm. Wiesenthal, Bohmisch, t Bohemia, 25 m. N.VV. State, 60 W. N. W. Prague. Lon. 12 57' E. Lat. 50' -23' N. Wiesenthal, (Ober,) t. Saxony, 11 m. S. E. Schwartzenberg. Wiesenthal, (Unter,) t. Saxony, 10 m. S. E. Schwartzenberg. IFietlisbachi t. Switzerland, 20 m. N. Berne, 5 N. E. Soleure. Wigan, t. England, in Lancashire, considerable for its manufactures of checks, linen, and cotton. That species of coal called Cannel, is found in great plenty in the neighbourhood. VVigan is on a small stream called Douglas, which is mu.de nav- igable to the Ribble, and joins to a canal from Liverpool. It sends two members to the British parliament. Pop. 14,060. 39 m. S. Lancaster, 196 N. N. W. London. Lon. 2 33' W. Lat. 53* 31' N. Winger, r. Switzerland, which runs into the Aar, 3 m. N. W. Zo/h'ngen. WighcOmico, short navigable river, Md. which runs into the Potomac, 35 miles above its mouth. Wight, Isk of, island in the English channel, near the coast, and forming a part of the county of Hants, about 21 miles long and 13 broad. The S. coast is bounded with steep rocks of chalk and free-stone, and on the W. are those rocks called the Needles. The air is healthy, and the soil fer- tile, and the production of corn in one year, is said to be equal to the consumption of eight. Wigstadtel, or Wakow, t. Silesia, 10 m. S. Trop- pau. Lon. 17 47' E. Lat. 49 38' N. Wigton, t. Eng. in Cumberland, II m. S. W, Carlisle, 304 N. N. W. London. Lon. 2 U 23' VV. Lat. 54 44' N. Wigton, seaport, Scotland, in a large bay on the east coast of Wigtonshire. It is a royal burgh. 56 m. W. N. W. Dumfries, 105 S. W. Edinburgh. Lon. 4" 27' VV. Lat. 54 5K' N. Wigton Bay, a bay of the Irish sea, on the S. coast of Scotland, at the mouth of the river Cree . Wigtonshirt, county, Scotland, bounded N. by Ayrshire and the sea, E. by the county of Kircud- bright and Wigton bay, and S. and \V. by the Irish sea. Pop. 26,891. Wihatz, or Bihacs, t. Eu. Turkey, 60 m. S. Carlrtadt, 180 W. Belgrade. Pop. 5,000. Wike, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 5m. S. Bradford. Wilbrrforcc, a town ofliberuU-d negroes in the colony of Sierra Leone. The Church Missionary Society support a minister liriv. Wiltifntmin, t. llamden co. Mass. 10 m. S. E. Springfield, 89 S. W. Boston. Pop. 1,979. Wilcox, co. Alabama. Pop. '2,917. Slaves 1,354. Engaged in agriculture 1,077, in com- merce 3. Chief town, Prairie Bluff. H'/tdbad, t. Wurtemberg, cclcl.r.-.t-d for its warm baths, 30 m. N. E. S'lrasburg, ; J \ \V. Htutt- gard. Lon. 8 26' E. Lat. 48 40' N. Pop. 1,500. Wildberg, t, Wwrte^nberg, on the Ts'a^old, 3 m. W I L N. Nagold, 19 S. W. Stuttgard. Lon. 8 s 48' E. Lat. 48 33' N. Pop. 1,700. Wildberg, or Wildbergen, t. Prussian states, 28 m. N. Brandenburg 38 N, W. Berlin. Lon. 12 38 E. Lat. 52 55' N. W ildtman, t. Hanover, near which are some mines of silver and lead. 6 m. S. VV. Goslar, 24 N. .\. E. Grubenhagen. Pop. 900. Wildenfels, t. Saxony, in the circle of Erzge- birg, 5 m. S. E. Zwickau. Wilderness, p-v. Spotsylvania co. Va. Wilderness, t. Austria, on the Zeva, 8 m. W, S. W. Zisterstorf. Wildeshausen, t. Germany, in Olclendurg, 20 in. S. S. W. Bremen, 74 S. W. Hamburg. Lon. 8 27' E. Lat. .02 52' N. Pop. 2,408. Wildsaubach, r. Germany, which runs into the Elbe, 6 miles below Dresden. Wildangtn, t. Germany, in the principality of VValdeck, 7 m. S. S. E. Waldeck, 82 E. Cologn. Lon. 9 8' E. Lat. 51 7 ' N. itktlmsthal, or Neustadtcl, a mine t. Silesia, 15 m. S. E. Glatz. Lon. 16 42' E. Lat. 50 3' N. JI /ttr.s, co. N. C. Pop! 9,967. Slaves 1,191. Engaged in agriculture 3,066, in commerce 10, in manufactures 49. Chief town, Wilkesborough. Witkts, p-t. and cap. Wilkes co. N. C. 50 m. W. German town. Wilkes, co. Geo. on the S. side of Broad river. Pop. 16,912. Slaves 9,356. Engaged in agricul- ture 5,382, in commerce 16, in manufactures 124. Chief t. Washington. Bolton factory is 8 m. S. W. Washington. Wilkesbarre, or Wilkesburg, formerly Wyoming, p-t. and cap. Luzerne co. Penn. on the S. E. side of the Susquehannah. It contains a court-house, jail, church, bank, and academy. A dreadful massacre was committed in this place, during the American war, by the Indians under the command of colonel Butler. 119 m. N. W. Philadelphia, 121 N. E. Harrisburg. Pop. 1,602. ll'ilktsnllc. p-t. Gallia co. Ohio, 18 m. N. W. Gallipolis. Pop. 391. II' ilkinsan. See Marion, co. Geo. Wilkinson, co. Mississippi, on Mississippi river, Pop. 9,718. Slaves 5,761. Engaged in agricul- ture 3,481. Chief town, VVoodville. WilkinsonriUe, p-v. Chesterfield co. Va. Wilkinson rille, t. Johnson co. Illinois, on the Ohio, halfway between the mouth of the river and fort Massac. Wilkomiers, t. Russia, in Wilna,on the Swienta, near its union with the VVilna, 44 m. N. N VV Wilna, 100 S.E. Riga. Willamanlic, r. Ct. which unites with the Nat- ch aug or Mount Mope, at Windham, and forms Shctucket river. Wiilemstadt, or Williamstadt, a strong- 1. Hol- land, on the part of the Meuse called Bntterrlict. It is one of the keys of Holland, and defended with 7 bastions and a double fosse ; it has also a good harbor. 12 m. S. W. Dort, 14 W. N. W. Breda. Lon. 4 18' E. Lat. 51 41 ' N. Wittenberg, or Wildtnber^ t. Prussia, 93 m. S. Konig^borg. Lon. 20 53' E. Lat. 53 1 1' N. Will, t. Bradford co. Pa. Pop. 301. ll'ilkt, t. Courtlandt co. N. Y. Pop. 437. William Henry, v. Lower Canada, on the point of land formed by the confluence of the Sorel with the river St. Lawrcm-p. Williams, r. Vt. which runs into the Connecti- cut, 3 m. above Bellows fall?. ll'illi.n)ti!j, t. Northampton m. Pa. Pop. 1,r,00. W I L 815 Williams, p-v. Montgomery co. Pa. Williams, co. Ohio, on Maumee river, formed in 1820, in the Indian reservation. Williamsborough, p-t. and cap. Grenville co. N. C. pleasantly situated on a creek which runs into the Roanoke, 17 miles from Warrenton,48 N. E. Hillsborough. It contains a court-house, jail, academy, and 40 houses, and carries on a brisk trade with the back country. WiULamtburg, t. Dundas co. Upper Canada, on the St. Lawrence. Here was fought the battle of Chrystler s farm. WiUiamsburg, t. Periobscot co. Maine, 40 m.,N. W. Bangor. Pop. 107. Here is a quarry of slate of superior quality. WiUiamsburg, p-t. Hampshire co. Mass. 8 m. N. VV. Northampton. Pop. 1,087. WiUiamsburg. See Jonestown, Pa. WiUiamsburg, t. Talbot co. Md. 5 m. N. E. Easton. WiUiamsburg, p-t. James City co. Va. 60 m. E. Richmond, situated between two creeks, one of which falls into James, the other into York river. It was formerly the metropolis of the State, and is regularly laid out in parallel streets, with a square in the centre, through which runs the principal street E. and VV. about a mile long, and more than 100 feet wide. At the opposite ends of this street are two public buildings, the college and a capi- tol. Besides these, there is an Episcopal church, a court-house, jail, and hospital. Pop. 1,402. The college of William and Mary was founded here in 1691, in the time of king William and queen Mary, who liberally endowed it. The col- lege flourished for a number of years in great prosperity, and in former times furnished for the service of the State many good scholars ; but the war of the revolution gave it a shock from which it has not yet recovered. On the decease of bish- op Madison, the late president, it seemed to be threatened with total extinction. Exertions, how- ever, have been recently made to revive it, and sanguine hopes are entertained by some that it will again flourish. The library contains between 3,000 and 4,000 volumes, and the philosophical apparatus is valuable. There are nominally 6 professorships, but only 3 or 4 are occupied. The buildings are of brick, and sufficient for the ac- commodation of about 100 students. WiUiamsburg, district, S. C. Pop. 8,716. Slaves 5,864. Engaged in agriculture 2,923, in com- merce 9, in manufactures 92. Chief town, Kings- tree. WiUiamsburg, p-t. and cap. of the above dis- trict, 72 m. N. N. E. Charleston. WiUiamsburg, p-t. and cap. Jackson co. Ten. on the N. side of Cumberland river, 15 m. E. N. E. Carthage. WiUiamsburg, p-t. Whiteley co. Kentucky. WiUiamsburg, p-t. and cap. Clermont co. Ohio, on the east fork of the Little Miami, 14 m. from Ohio river, 22 S. E. Cincinnati. Pop. 1,177. It contains a court-house, jail, and printing office. Williamsfidd, p-t. Ashtabula co. Ohio. Williamson, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y. on lake On- tario, 20 m. N. Canandaigua. Pop. 2,521. Williamson, co. West Tennessee. Pop. 20,640. Slaves 6,972. Engaged in agriculture 4,810, in commerce 23, in manufactures 310. Chief town, Franklin. Williamsport, p-t. borough and cap. Lycoming f.n. Pa on the VV. branch of the Susquehannah, 38 m. above Northumberland. Pop. 624. W I L WUliaimport, p-t. Washington co. Md. on the Potomac, at the mouth of the Coriecocheague, 6 m. W. Elizabethtown, 37 N. by E. Winchester, Virginia. Williamston, p-t. and cap. Martin co. N. C. on the Koanoke, 50 m. S. E. Halifax, 25 fr. Blounts- v.lle. Jf'illiamstoicni p-t. Orange co. Vt. 45 in. N. Windsor. Pop. 1,481. Wilhamstuirn, p-t. Berkshire co. Mass, in the N. W. corner of the state, bordering on Vermont and New York, 28 m. N. Lenox, 138 W. N. W. Boston. It is well watered by.Hoosack and Green rivers. Pop. 2,010. Williams college in this town, was incorporated in 1793, and named after Col. Ephraim Williams, its principal benefactor. Its officers are a presi- dent, 2 professors, and 3 tutor?. It has a library of about 1,500 volumes, a valuable philosophical and chemical apparatus. The number of students in 1822, was 78. The whole number who had been educated here in 1817, was 473. The build- ings are two edifices of brick, about 100 feet long and 40 wide, and 4 stories high, containing a cha- pel, library room, philosophical chamber, and 60 rooms for students. Williamstoicn, p-t. Oswego co. N. Y. Pop. 652. Williamstown, p-t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop. 1,243. Williamslown, p-v. Grant co. Ken. WilliamstriUc, p-v. Niagara co. N. Y. WilliainsriUc, p-v. Person co. N. C. Wiiliamscille, p-v. Christian co. Ken. WiUin borough, t. Burlington co. N. J. on the Delaware, 14 m. from Philadelphia. Pop. 787. Wiliingborough, p-v. Susquehannah co. Pa. Willington, p-t. Tolland co. Ct. 26 m. from Hartford, 26 frem Norwich. Pop. 1,246. Wellington, p-v. Abbeville district, S. C. Willink,p-t. Niagara co. N. Y. 15 m. S. Buffalo, 315 W. Albany. Pop. <2,023. Willis- creek, r. Md. which rune into the Po- tomac, at Fort Cumberland. Willis Island, isl. in the S. Atlantic. Lon. 38 23' W. Lat. 54 S. Williston, p-t. Chittenden co. Vt. 8 m. S. E. Burlington. Pop. 1,246. Willisiown, t. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 1,306. Willoughby, t. Eng. in Warwick, 14 m. S. E. Coventry, 77 N. W. London. Willoughby, t. Lincoln co. Upper Canada, on Niagara river, just above the falls. Willow-grove, p-v. Montgomery co. Pa. Willow-grove, p-v. Salem co. S. C. Wills, t. Guernsey co. Ohio, 6 m. E. Cam- bridge. Pop. 1,069. Willsborough, p-t. Essex co. N. Y. on lake Champlain. Pop. 888. Willis creek, r. Md. which falls into the Potomac at Cumberland. Wills' 1 creek, r. Ohio, which runs into the Mus- kingum, between Zanesville and Coshocton. It is navigable for boats to Cambridge. Wrlltou-n, p-v. Fairfield co. Ct. Willlown, p-v. Charleston district, S. C. on Edisto river, 27 m. W. S. W. Charleston. Willy, r. Eng. which runs into the Avon, near Salisbury. Wilmington, p-t. Windham co. Vt. 46 m. S. Windsor. Pop. 1,369. Wilmington, I. Middlesex co. Mass. 16 m. N. Boston. Pop. 790. Wilmington, port of entry, in Christiana hun- dred, Newcastle co. Delaware, and the largest W I L town in the State, is situated between Christian;; and Brandywine creeks, about a mile above their confluence", 2 m. W. of Delaware river, 28 S. W. Philadelphia, 72 N. E. Baltimore. The princi- pal part of the town is situated on the S. W. side of a hill, which rises 109 feet above the tide, and is regularly laid out in streets crossing each other at right angles. - Ou the N. E. side of the same hill, at a village on the Brandywine, separated by a short space from the rest of the town, are 14 flour mills, forming the finest collection in the U- nited States. The Brandywine and Christiana abound with numerous excellent mill scats, and they have been to a considerable extent improved, making Wilmington the centre of one of the most important manufacturing districts in the United States. In 1815, there were within 9 miles of the town, 44 flour mills, 13 cotton manufactories, 15 saw mills, 6 woollen manufactories, 6 gunpowder mills, and several others. The Christiana admits vessel? drawing 14 feet of water to the town, and those of 8 feet can ascend 8 miles further. The Brandywine has 8 feet of water to the mills. The amount of shipping owned here in 1815, was 9,591 tons. The town contains 2 market-houses, a spa- cious alms-house built of stone, 3 banks, an acade- my, a United States arsenal, and 9 houses of pub- lic worship, 2 for Presbyterians, 1 for Episcopa- lians, 1 for Friends, 2 for Baptists, 1 for Roman Catholics, and 3 for Methodists. Lon. 77 34' W. Lat. 39 43' N. Pop. of the hundred 8,355. Wilmington, p-v. Fluvanna eo. Va. Wilmington, port of entry and cap. New Hano- ver co. N. Carolina, on the E. side of Cape Fear river, just below the confluence of the N. E. and N. W. branches, 34 miles from the sea, 100 S. W. Newbern, 95 S. S. E. Fayetteville, 146 S. Raleigh, 190 N. E. Charleston. It contains a courthouse, jail, academy, 2 banks, and 2 houses of public worship, 1 for Episcopalians, and 1 for Presbyte- rians. Wilmington is the depot for the produce of a large section of North Carolina, and the exports from this port have usually been twice as much as from all the other ports of the state. It labors, however, under several disadvantages : the situa- tion is considered unhealthy, and vessels drawing more than 11 feet of water, cannot pass over the flats, formed 20 miles below the town, by the meet- ing of the tide waters with the current of the riv- er. An engineer, under the direction of the state, has recently examined the flats, with a view to determine whether the channel at this place can be deepened, or whether it will be better to make a port at Smithville, near the mouth of the river, where there is a convenient harbor, and sufficient depth of water. Opposite Wilmington, in the river, are two islands, which divide it into three channels. They afford the finest rice fields in thr state. The amount of shipping belonging to this port in 1815, was 14,374 tons. Pop. about 2,000. Lon. 78 15' W. Lat. 34 1 1' N. Wilmington, small isl. off the coast of Georgia, at the mouth of Savannah river. Wilmington, p-t. and cap. Clinton co. Ohio, 55 m. N. W. Chillicothe, 60 S. W. Columbus. It was laid out in 1807, and has a court house, jail, and about 40 houses. Pop. 255. Wilmington, p-t. Licking co. Ohio, 10 m. N. Newark. Wilmington.*.. Wayne co. Ohio, 12m. S. Wooster. Wihnnt, t. Nova Scotia, near Annapolis. Wiltnol, t. UilMx>roughco. N. H. 30 m. N. W. Concord. Pop. 670. Wilna, city, Russia, on the Wilna,in a mountain- WIN QUS country, on several little eminences. Here is a magnificent church, remarkable for the ele- gant marble chapel of St. Casimir, whose silver shrine is said to weigh thirty quintals. There are upwards of 40 churches in this city, and among these, one Lutheran, and one Calvinist church, a Jewish synagogue, a Tartarian church, and a Greek church ; but all the rest are Popish church- es, Wilna has suffered several times severely by fire. Wilna is the see of a bishop. The univer- sity was founded in 1570. 168 m. E. Konigsberg, 216 N. E. Warsaw. Lon. 25 18' E. Lat. 5441'N. Pop. 20,900. Wilna, p-t. Jefferson co. N. Y. on Black river. Pop. 648. Wilsden, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, near Halifax. Wilsdruf, or Wilsdorf, t. Saxony, 9 m. W. Dres- den, 9 S. Meissen. Lon. 13 8' E. Lat. 51 N. Wilsnach, t. Prussian states, in Brandenburg, 8 m. S. Perleberg, 56 W. N. W. Berlin. Pop. 1,400. Wilson, t. Scotland, in Lanerkshire, 5 m. E. Lanerk. Wilson, t. Niagara co. N. Y. Pop. 688. Wilson, t. Saratoga co. N. Y. Pop. 1,293. Wilson, co. West Tennessee, on the S. side of Cumberland river. Pop. 18,730. Slaves 3,844. Engaged in agriculture 3,676, in commerce 20, in manufactures 341. Chief town, Lebanon. Wilsonville, t. Wayne co. Pa. on the Lacka- waxen, 120 m. N. Philadelphia. Here are nu- merous mills. Wilster, t. grand dutchy of Holstein, 8 m. N. Gluckstadt, 34 N. W. Hamburg. Pop. 1,700. Wilton, t. Eug. in Wiltshire, on the Willy. Wilton is much reduced from what it formerly was, but is still the county town, a corporation, and borough ; sending 2 members to the British parliament. The celebrated collection of antiqui- ties in this place, contains the whole collection of the cardinals Richlieu and Mazarine, and the greatest part of the Earl of Arundel's. 3 m. W. Salisbury, 85 W. S. W. London. Lon. 1 51' W. Lat. 51 4' N. Pop. 2,200. Wilton, p-t. Kennebeck co. Maine, 35 m. N. W. Augusta. Pop. 1,115. Wilton, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 40 m. S. Concord, 58 from Boston. Pop. 1,070. Wilton, p-t. Fairfield co. Ct. 34 m. W. New Ha- ven. It contains an academy, and 3 churches, 1 each for Congregationalists, Baptists, and Metho- dists. Pop. 1,818. Wiltshire, county, England, bounded N. by Gloucestershire, E. by Berkshire and Hampshire, S. by Hampshire and Dorsetshire, and W. by Som- ersetshire and Gloucestershire ; about 54 miles long and 34 in its greatest breadth. Pop. 193,828. Wimbledon, v. Eng. in Surry, 9 m. S. London. Wimpfen, t. Germany, in Hesse-Darmstadt, on the Neckar, near which it is joined by the Jaxt, 8 m. N. Heilbi onn, 38 E. S. E-. Manheim. Lon. 915'E. Lat. 49 15' N. Pop. 2,000. Winandcr Mere, or Winder Mere, lake, Eng. in Westmoreland co. 15 miles long and 2 broad, 17 m. S. S. E. Keswick, 270 N. N. W. London. Winberg. See Winterberg. Winburn Minster, t. Eng. in Dorset co. situated on the river Stour, 7 m. N. Pool, 102 S. W. Lon- don. Lon. 2 5' W. Lat. 50 48' N. Pop. 3,039. Wincaunlon, t. Eng. in Somerset co. In this town was shed the first blood in the revolution of 1688. 30 m. S. Bath, 108 W. London. Lon. 2 35' W. Lat. 51 2 / N. Pop. 1,100. Winchcombe, t. Eng. in Gloucester, on a brook 103 W I N 817 which runs into the Avon, 16m. N. E. Glouces- ter, 93 W. London. Lon. 1 58' W. Lat. 51 59' N. Winchelsea, t. England, in Sussex, and one of the Cinque-Ports. It is much decayed, but still sends two members to parliament. 8m. N. E. Hastings, 67 S. W. London. Lon. 42' E. Lat. 50 s 55' N. Pop. 600. Winch enden, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 32 m. N. W. Worcester. Pop. 1,263. Winchester, city, Eng. in Hants, on the W. side of the river Alre, called by Ptolemy and Antoni- nus, Venta Belgarum. It was very considerable in the time of the Romans, and under the hep- tarchy became the residence of the Saxon kings. A noble college was founded here in 1387, with endowments for a warden, 70 scholars, 10 fellows, &c. The city sends two members to parliament. 61 m. E. S. E. Bath, 63 S. W. London. Lon. 1 16' W. Lat. 5 1 4 ; N. Pop. 6,705. Winchester, t. Dundas co. Upper Canada. Winchester, p-t. Cheshire co. N. H. 73 m. S. W. Concord. Pop. 1,849. Winchester, p-t. Litchfield co. Ct. 27 m. N. W, Hartford. Pop. 1,601. Winchester, p-t. and cap. Frederick co. Virgin- ia, near the head of Opeckon creek, a branch of the Potomac, 36 m W. Harper's Ferry, 70 W. N. W. Washington, 168 N. N. W. Richmond. It is a handsome and flourishing town, regularly laid out, and contains a court-house, jail, 2 banks, 2 academies, a market-house, almshouse, and 6 houses of public worship for as many different de- nominations. Several of the houses are built of stone, but the principal part are of brick. Pop. about 3,000. Lat. 39 16' N. Lon. 77 28' W. Winchester, p-t. and cap. Clarke co. Ken. on u branch of Licking river, 30m. from Lexington. The public buildings are a court-house, jail, bank and academy. Pop. about 1,000. Winchester, p-t. and cap. Franklin co. W. Ten- nessee. Here is an academy. Winchester, t. Knox co. Ohio, 9 in. S. Mount- vernon. Winchester, t. Guernsey co. Ohio, 14m.N. E. Cambridge. Winchester, t. Green co. Ohio, 7 m. fromZenia, Winchester, t. Champaign co. Ohio. Winchester, p-t. and cap. New Madrid co. Mis- souri. Windau, s-p. Russia, in Courland, near the mouth of the Wera, on the Baltic. It has a castle, once the residence of the Livonian knights. It is chiefly supported by ship-building, and exporting pitch, tar, wax, &c. 8 m. N. N. E. Piltyn, 72 N. W. Riga. Lon. 21 32' E. Lat. 57 25' 30" N. Windeck, t. Netherlands, 9 m. S. S. E. Ghent, Windecken, t. Germany. 4 m. N. Hanau, 9 E, N. E. Frankfort on the Maine. Windham, or Wymondham, t, Eng. in Norfolk, 9 m. W. S. W. Norwich, 103 N. London. Lon. l u 7' E. Lat, 52 34' N. Windham, t. Norfolk co. Upper Canada. Windham, p-t. Cumberland co. Maine, 16 m, N. W. Portland. Pop. 1,793. Windham, p-t. Rockingham co. N. H.31 m.'S, W. Portsmouth. Pop. 889. Windham, co. Vt. bounded N. by Windsor co. E. by Connecticut river, S. by Massachusetts, and W. by Bennington co. Pop. 28,457. Engaged in agriculture 11, 731, in commerce 124, in manu- factures 1,143. Chief town, Newfane. Windham, t. Windham co. Vt. 25 m. S. W, Windsor. Pop. 931. 81S Vf I N W I N Windham, co. Ct. bounded N. by Massachu- setts, E. by Rhode Island, S. by New-London co. and W. by Tolland co. Pop. 31,684. Engaged in agriculture 6,317, in commerce 156, in manu- factures 1,851. Chief town, Brooklyn. Windham, p-t. Windham co. Ct. 14m. N. Nor- wich, 30 E. Hartford, 44 W. Providence. Pop. 2,4o9. It contains a bank and 4 churches, 2 for Congregationalists, and 2 for Baptists. Windham, p-t. Greene co. (N. Y.) S. W. of Catskill. Pop. 2,536. Here the Kaaterskill, a small creek running into the Catskill, has a stu- pendous fall over a perpendicular precipice of 310 Windham, t. Bradford co. Pa. Pop. 350. Windham, t. Portage co. Ohio, 12 m. N. E. Ra- venna. Pop. 472. Windisch Feist rit,i Austria, 110m. S. S. W. Vienna. Lon. 15 28' i. Lat. 4630' N. Windish, v. Switz. in Berne, 3 m. W. Baden. Windie, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 10 m. N. E. Liv- erpool. Wind-rush, r. Eng. in Oxford, which runs into the Thames, 5 m. S. S. W. Witney. l> L,:(isbach, t. and citadel, Germany, 10 m. S. E. Anspach, 20 S. W. Nuremberg. Lon. 10 46' E. Lat. 49 r 13' N. Wmdsheim, t. Bavaria, 28 m. S. W. Wurzburg, 36S.S.W. Bamberg. Lon. 10 26' E. Lat. 49 34' N -Pop. 4,300. Windsor, t. Eng. in Berkshire, situated on the right bank of the Thames. It is built on the side of a hull, and consists of several streets. The cas- tle is SR d to have been built before the Conquest, and for more than 700 years has been the favorite residence of the kings of England It is 9 : licent edifice, containing .many splendid its. St. George^s chapel is a most beau- hie building. Adjoining to the town are al parks, one, called the Little Park, about three miles in circumference ; the other, called -.it Park, is said to be 20 : both are well stocked with deer. Windsor sends two members ament. 38 m. E. S. E. Oxford, 22 W. London. Lon. 32' W. Lat. 51 28' N. Pop. 5,272. Windsor, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, on Uie St. Francis, 53 m. S. E. Three Rivers. Windsor, t. Hant's co. Nova Scotia, 45 m. N. W. Halifax. A college was established here in 1789, by the legislature of Nova Scotia, and en- dowed with 400/. per annum, together with the sums requisite for the erection of the necessary buildings. A royal charter was obtained in 1802, which authorises the establishment of 3 or more professorships, and 12 or more scholarships, and 1,000/. per annum was granted for the support of the college. Hitherto the funds have supported only a president and vice-president, who have dis- charged the duties of the various professorships, and 4 scholars, who have an annual stipend of 20/. each. The Society in England for proj uniting the Gospel have recently founded 8 new scholar- ships, with a stipend of 30/. per annum for each. The college is designed principally for the educa- tion of clergymen for the province* of Nov:i Sfot ia and New Brunswick. Connected with the college is a grammar school, designed as a preparatory institution. Windsor, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 30 m. S. W. Concord. Pop. 237. Windsor, co. Vt. bounded N. by Orange co. E. by Connecticut river, S. by Windham co. and W. by Rutland and Orange counties. Pop. 38,233. Engaged in agriculture 7,688, in commerce 156, in manufactures 1,481. Chief town, Woodstock. Windsor, p-t. and cap. Windsor co. Vermont, on the W. bank of Connecticut river, 16 miles be- low Hanover, 61 S. Montpelier, 40 E. Rutland, HON. W. Boston. It contains a court-house, state prison, a female academy, 2 printing offices, and 3 houses of public worship, 1 for Congrega- tionali?ts, 1 for Episcopalians, and 1 for Baptists. The village is very pleasantly situated near the bank of the river, and has many well built houses and considerable trade. In the rear of the village rises the lofty mountain Ascutney, nearly 3,000 feet above the bed of the river. There is a bridge across the Connecticut, connecting the town with Cornish. Pop. 2,956. Windsor, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 20 m. N.E. Len- ox. Pop. 1,085. Windsor, p-t. Hartford co. Ct. on the W. side of Connecticut river, 7 m. above Hartford. Pop. 3,008. It is intersected by Farmington river. It contains 5 churches, 2 of which are for Congrega- tionalists, and 1 for Baptists. Windsor, p-t. Broome co. N. Y. on the Susque- hannah, 15 m. E. Chenango. Pop. 3,354. Windsor, t. Middlesex co. N. J. Pop. 1,710. Windsor, West, t. Middlesex co. N. J. Pop. 1,918. Windsor, t. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 1,950. Windsor, p-t. York co. Pa. Pop. 2,096. Windsor, p-t. and cap. Bertie co. N. C. on the Cashie, 23 m. W. S. W. Edenton, 97 fr. Halifax. Windsor, p-t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, on Grand river, 14m. S. W. Jefferson. Pop. 402. Windsor, t. Lawrence co. Ohio. Pop. 440. Windsor, t. Morgan co. Ohio. Pop. 415. Windward Passage, a name given to a course from the S. E. angle of the island of Jamaica, in the W. Indies, and extending 160 leagues, to the N.side of Crooked Island, in the Bahamas Windward Islands, in opposition to Leeward. These islands in the West Indies extend from Mar- tinico to Tobago. Windward Point, cape on the N. E. coast of the island of St. Christopher. Lon. 62 22' W. Lat. 1723'N. Winee, or Black river, S. C unites with the Pe- dee, 3 m above Georgetown. Winjidd, p-t. Herkimer co. N. Y. 10 m. S. Utica. Pop. 1,752. Wing,t. Eng. in Buckinghamshire, 7 m. N. E. Aylesbury. Wmgham, t. Eng. in Kent, 11 m. W. Deal, 62 E. London. Lon. 1 12' E. Lat. 51 16' N. Win Chain's Island, small isl. near the N. W. coast of America, 3 m. N. W. Kaye's Island. Lon. 215 46' E. Lat. 60 4' N. Windhall, t. Benningtonco.Vt. 25 m. N. E. Ben- nington. Pop. 428. Wimngen, t. Prussian States, on the N. side of the Moselle, 5 m. W. Coblent/.. Winkoojfs Bay, or Wine Cooper's Bay, [sfand, and Cape, on the S. coast of Java. Lon. of the .cape, 106 36' E. Lat. 7 25' S. Wmlaton, t. Eng. in Durham, 6 m. W. New- castle. Wmnebttgo, Lake, an expansion of Fox river, Michigan Territory. It is about 30 m. above the mouth of the river, and is 24 m. long and 10 wide. Wiiir.nden, t. Wurtemburg, 12 m E. N.E. Stutt- gart, 7 S. E. Marpach. Lon. 9 30' E. Lat. 48 53' N. Pop. 2,500. W I N Winnipec, l+ake, U. States, through which flows the Mississippi. It is about 14 miles long and 9 wide. Little Lake Winnipec is 10 m. below, and is 5 miles long and 3 wide. Winnipeg, lake, N. America, 240 m. long, and 100 broad. It receives many large rivers, the largest of which are the Saskatchawine and Red river, and discharges itself through the Severn and the Fort Nefson rivers into Hudson's bay. Lon. 97 30' W. Lat. 52 10' N Winnipiseogee, or Wenticorth, the largest lake in N. H. lies between Ion. 71 5' and 71 25' W. and between lat. 43 29' and 43 44' N. near the centre of the State It is of an irregular form ; its length is estimated at 23 miles and its greatest breadth at 14 miles. It discharges its waters through the river of the same name into the Mer- rimac. The surface of the lake is 232 feet above the Merrimac at the confluence of their waters, and 472 feet above the level of the ocean. This lake so remarkable for its beautiful and sublime scenery, was hardly known till the visits of Dr. Dwight, in 1812 and 1813. It is now fre- quently visited by travellers of taste. The sum- mit most usually ascended for the prospect, is Red Mountain 3 miles from the village of Centre har- bor. From this spot appears in the S. W. at the distance of 70 miles Mount Monadnock, from which proceeding north is a succession of moun- tains, among which are Kyarsarge, Simson, c. and in the N. W. Moosehillock ; directly N. ap- pear the Sandwich mountains, between which and Red mountain is the beautiful lake Sullivan. To ' the S. E. in the bottom of a vast valley spreads lake Wentworth with its suite of islands,and deeply indented with bays formed by exquisitely finished points. From the borders of the lake rise majestic mountains, the Ossippee on the N. E. the Gun- stock on the S and a fine semicircular mountain in the S. E. at the termination of the lake. Winnipiseogee, r. N. H. which issues from the S. W. part of Winnipiseogee lake, and after a course of 20 miles falls into the Pemigewasset, the main branch of Merrimack river. Winnsborough, p-t. and cap. Fairfield co. S. C. on a branch of'the VVateree, 30 m. N. N. W. Co- lumbia, 145 N. N. W Charleston. It contains a court-house and jail, and is the seat of a college called Mount Zion College, which, however, has not hitherto gone into operation. Winsc/iote, or Winschotten, t. Netherlands, in Groningen, 19 m. E. Groningen, 25 N. Covorden. Winsen am der Luke, t. Germany, 12 m. S. E. Hamburg, 22 N. W. Luneburg. Winslow, t. Eng. in Bucks, 7 m. S. E. Bucking- ham, 50 N. W. London. Lon. 052 / W. Lat. 51 S6'N. Wingloio, p-t. Kennebeck co. Maine, on Kenne- beck river, at the confluence of the Sebasticook, opposite Waterville, 16 m. N. Augusta Pop. 935. Winster, t. Eng. in Derby, 26 m. W. Derby, 152 N London. Lon. 1 31' W. Lat. 53" 12' N. Winttrbere;, or Winbfre;, t. Bohemia, 10 m. VV. Prachatiz, 26 N. W. Crumau. Lon. 13 39 'E. Lat. 49 2' N. Winlerthur, t. Switzerland, in Zurich. It was formerly an imperial town. The earthen-ware made here is in great repute. 14 m. N. E. Zurich, 21 N. W. Constance. Pop. 3,280. Winferlon JVe.w, cape, Eng. on the E. coast of Norfolk, on which is a light-house, 10 m. N. Yar- mouth. Lon. 1 U 41'E. Lat. 52"44'N. Winthrop, p-t. Kennebeck co. Maine, 12 no. W. Augusta. Pop. 1,619, W I S 819 Winlon, p-t. and cap. Hertford co. N. C. on the S. bank of Chowan river, 35 m. N. W. Edenton. Wintzig, t. Silesea, 9 m. E. N. E. Steinau, 9 N. W. Wohlau, 24 S. E. Gross Glogau. Lon. 16 36' E. Lat. 51 27' N. Winyaw, bay, S. C. which receives Pedee, Wakkamaw, and Winee rivers, and meets the ocean 12 m. below Georgetown. Wipe, r. Prussia, which runs into the Curiseh Haff, 10m. E. N. E. Labiau. Wipper, r. Germany, which runs into the Rhin between Cologn and Zons ; another runs into the Saal, near Bernberg. Wtpperfnrt, t. Germany, 27 m. S. E. Dusseldorf. Lon. 7 27' E. Lat. 51 5' N. Wippra, t. Germany, on the Wipper, 10 m. W, N. W. Eiszleben, 20 E. Nordhausen. Lon. 1 130' E. Lat. 51 30' N. Wirben, t. Germany, on the left side of the Elbe, 12 m. N. Steadal, 13 S Perleberg. . Wire, one of the small Orkney Inlands, separated from Rousa by a strait, called Wire Sound, about | m. broad. Lon. 2 51' W. Lat. 58 58' N. Wirksworth, t. Eng. in Derbyshire, in the midst of mountains abounding in lead ore, 13m. N.Der- by, 106 N. London. Lon. 127' W. Lat. 53 8'N. Pop .5,474. Wirral, or Wirehall, a strip of land in Cheshire, Eng. extending from the city of Chester to the sea, between the rivers Dee and Mersey. Wisbaden, t. Germany, in the Dutchy of Nas- sau. Here are some medicinal springs, formerly in great repute. 5 m. N. VV. Mentz, 30 S. W. Wetzlar. Lon. 8 9 ' E. Lat. 50 3' N. Pop. 3,000. Wisbeach, or Wixbich, or Ousbeach, s-p. Eng. in Cambridgeshire, on a navigable river, about 18 miles from the sea, 17 m. S" W. Lynn, 90 N. London. Lon. 5' E. Lat. 52 39'N. Pop. 5,309. Wisby. See Gothland. Wisby, t. Sweden, on the W. coast of the island of Gothland, formerly one of the Hanse Towns. The harbor is safe and commodious, but not very large. Lon. 18 18' E. Lat. 57 38' N. Pop. 3.745. Wiscasset, p-t. port of entry, and cap. Lincoln co. Maine, on the W. side of Sheepscot river, 14 m. N. E. Bath, 49 N. E. Portland, 167 N. N. E. Boston. It contains a court-house, a handsome stone jail, an academy, Congregational meeting house, bank and insurance office. The harbor is safe, capacious, easy of access, and open at all sea- sons of the year. A large amount of shipping is owned here. The number of tons in 1815, was 18,429. Pop. 2,131. Wisclicnt, or Wiskau, t. ]\Toravia,15 m.E. Brunn, 18 S S.W. Olmutz. Lon. 16 54' E. Lat. 49 17' N. Pop. 2,590. Wisharfs Island, isl in the Pacific Ocean, one of the Solomon islands. Lon. 150 55' E. Lat. 2 20' S. Wisir, small il. in the Indian Sea, near the west coast of Aroo. Lon. 134 51' E. Lat. 15 21' S. Wish, or Wirsk, r. Eng. in York, which runs into the Swale Wisloch, t. of the grand dutchy of Baden, 14 m. E. Spire, 18 S. E. Manheim. Lon. 8 45' E. Lat. 49 1 8'N. Pop. 1,902. Wisrnar, t. of the grand dutchy of .Mecklen- burg- Schwerin, situated in a bay of the Baltic, with a good harbor ; large, well fortified, and de- fended by a citadel. It has 6 churches with a grammar school, under the direction of 8 masters. 33 m. E. Lubeck, 32 W. S.W. R ostock. Lon. 1 1 26 E. Lat. 53 55' N. Pop. 7,600. 820 WOE Wissou-ils, t. Moravia, 20 in. E. N. E. Hradiscli. Top. 2,500. Wiston, t. Wales, in Pembroke, 8 m. I]. Haver- ford west, 235 VV. London. Lon. 4 50' W. Lat. 5154'N. 1 fist r is, or Wesseriz, r. Bohemia, which runs into the Egra, 3 m. E. Schlakenwerth. Wittpsk, t. Russia, on the Duna, 56 m. E. S. E. Pototsk. Lon. 30 50' E. Lat. 55 15' N. Pop. 11,685. WitsKnau, or Witchcnau, t. Germany, on the Elster, 13 m. N. N. W. Budissen, 30 N. E. Dres- den. Witgenau, or Wittengau, or Trsebon, t. Bohe- mia, 22 m. S. S. E. Bechin, 64 S. Prague. Lon. 14"40'E. Lat. 49 4' N. Wilham, t. Eng. in Essex, 14 m. S. W. Colches- ter, 38 N. E. London. Lon. 32' E. Lat. 51 48' N. Pop. 2,352. Withen^ T. Eng. in Lincolnshire, which runs into the German sea, 5 miles below Boston, in what are called the Washes. Wilney, t. Eng. in Oxfordshire, on the Win- tlush, 10 m. W. N. W. Oxford, 64 W. N. W. Lon- don. Pop. 2,722. Lon. 1 25' W. Lat. 54 47' N. Wittbach, r. Germany, which runs into the Rhine, about a mile below Neuwied. Wittemberg, t. Prussian States, in Saxony, on the Elbe. Here is a famous university, founded in 1502, at which, in 1517, the Reformation took its rise, by means of Martin Luther. This town is not lars?e, but fortified. 60 m. N. Dresden, 38 S. E. Magdeburg. Lon. 12 46' E. Lat. 51 53' N. Pop. 4,820. Wittenburg, t. Germany, in Mecklenburg- Schwerin, 17 m. W. Schwerin. Wittenhall, t. Eng. in Staffordshire, 2 m. N. E. Wolverhampton. Pop. 3,143. Wilte Rerier, a settlement of the United Breth- ren, Cape of Good Hope, 500 m. E. Capetown, es- tablished in 1818. Wiltlich, t. Prussian States, in Lower Rhine, 16 m. N. E. Treves, 38 S. W. Cqblentz. Lon. 6 52' E. Lat. 50 4 N. Pop. 1,700. Wiltstock, t. Prussian States, in Brandenburg, 47 m. N. N. W. Berlin, 43 N. Brandenburg. Lon. 12 39' E. Lat. 53 10' N. Pop. 3,800. Witzenhausen, t. Hesse-Cassel, 13 m. E. Cassel, 32 W. N. W. Mulhausen. Lon. "9 48' E. Lat. 51 10' N. Pop. 2,200. Wivelscombe, t. Eng. in Somersetshire, on the Tone, 11 m. W. Taunton, 154 W. London. Lon. 3 28' W. Lat. 51 1 N. Pop. 2,571. Witenhoe, v. Eng. in Essex, on the Coin. It is the harbor of Colchester. Wladislaw, or Inowroslaw, t. Poland, on the Vis- tula, 108 m. N. W. Warsaw, 106 S. Danteig. Lon. 18 35' E. Lat. 52 35' N. Pop. 2,616. Whdsimierz,' t. Poland, on the Bog, 48 m. W. Luckow, 180 E. Cracow. Pop. 3, 126. Woahoo, or Oahoo, one of the Sandwich islands, and much the finest of the whole group. Nothing can exceed the verdure of the hills, the variety of wood and lawn, and rich cultivated valleys, which the whole face of the country displays. Lon. 157 51' W. Lat 21 43' N. Woapo, one of the Ingraham islands in the Pa- cific Ocean. Capt. Ingraham called it Adams. Lat. 9 27' S. Woburn, t. Eng. in Bedford, 9 m. N. W. D un- stable, 42 N. W. London. Lon. 37' W. Lat. 51 53' N. Woburn, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. 10 m. N. Bos- too. Pop. 1,519. W O L Wodnany, or Wodnian, t. Bohemia, 12m. N.L'. Prachatitz, 58 S. Prague. Lon. 14 2' E. Lut. 40 10' N. Pop. 4,530. Woeramatta, small isl. in the E. Indian sea. Lon. 131 36' E. Lat. 7 2' S. Woerden, or Warden, t. Holland, on the Rhine, 8 m. W. Utrecht, 15 S. Amsterdam. Pop. 26,028. Wohlau, t. Silesia, 20 m. N. W. Breslau. Lon. 16 35' E. Lat. 51 20' N. Pop. 1,530. Waking, t. Eng. in Surry, 8 m. N. Guildford,77 S. W. London. Wokingham, or Oakingham, t. Eng. in Berkshire, 7 m. E. S. E. Reading, 32 W. London. Lon. 45' W. Lat. 5 1 24' N . Pop. 2,08 1 . Wolbcck, or Waldbeck, t. Germany, 7m. S. S. E. Munster. Lon. 7 52' E. Lat. 51 53' N. Wolcott, p-t. Orleans co. Vt. 22 m. N. Mont- pelier. Pop. 123. Wolcoit, t. New-Haven co. Ct. 22 m. from Hart- ford. Pop 943. It contains 2 churches, 1 for Congregationalists, and 1 for Episcopalians. Wolcoit, p-t. Seneca co. N. Y. on Lake Ontario, 200 miles from Albany. Pop. 2,867. Woldenberg, t. Prussian States, in Brandenburg, 9 m. N. E. Friedberg, 92 E. N. E. Berlin. Lon. 15 45' E. Lat. 53 N. Wolf creek, t. Mercer co. Pa. Pop. 815. Waff creek, r. Ohio, which joins the W. side of the Sandusky, 10 m. S. of Fort Stephenson. Wotfeborough, p-t. Strafford co. N. H. on the E. side of lake Winnipiseogee, 45 m. N. E. Concord. Pop. 1,794. Wolfesiown, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada 3 50 m. S. E. Three Rivers. Wolf Island, isl. near the E. coast of Labrador. Lon. 55 40' W. Lat. 53 55' N. Wolf Island, isl. at the N. E. end of Lake Onta- rio. Lon 76 50' W. Lat. 44 N. Wolf Island, isl. in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, near the S. coast of Labrador. Lon. 60 55' W Lat. 50 2' N. Wolf river, r. Mississippi, which flows S. 140 miles, and communicates with the Gulf of Mexi- co, in St. Louis bay, 22 m. E. Pearl river. Wolf river, r. Tennessee, which runs into the Mississippi, near the S. W. corner of the State. Wolf river, r. Ohio, which runs into the Musk- ingum, 15 miles above Marietta. Wolf river, r. Missouri ter. which enters the W. side of the Missouri, above the Nodaway river. Wolf river, r. N. W. Territory, which joins the N. side of Fox river, 5 miles before the latter en- ters Winnebagolake. Wolf Rock, in the Pacific ocean, 10 m. from the S. coast of the Prince of Wales' Archipelago. Lon. 226 42' E. Lat. 55 1' N. Wolf Rock, rock at the entrance of the English Channel, 10 m. S. Land's- End, 18 W. Lizard Point. Lon. 5 45' W. Lat. 49" 58' N. Wolfenbultel, city, Germany, in the dutchy of Brunswick, on the Ocker. It is well built and for- tified. In it is a chateau, a long time the resi~ dence of the dukes, in which is a noble library, containing 120,000 volumes. 7 m. S. Brunswick. 24 E. Hildesheim, 45 W. Magdeburg. Lon. 10 40' E. Lat. 52 10' N. Pop. 6,650. Wolffaeh,\.. Baden, 12m. S.S. W. Freudenstatt. Lon. 8 16' E. Lat. 48 13' N. Pop. 1,388. Wolfghast, or Wolgast, t. Prussian States, in Pomerania, oa the Pena, about 3 miles from the Baltic, 30 m. S. E. Stralsund, 50 N. VV. Stettin Lon. 13 45' E. Lat. 54 2' N. Pop. 3,700. Wolfsfiagen } t, Hesse-Cassel, on the Erpe, 15 m.. woo W. Cassel, 10 N. Waldeck. Lon. 9 10' E. Lat. 5118'N. Pop. 1,450. Wolf stein, t. Bavaria, in the circle of the Rhine, 43 m. W. N. VV. Manheim, 19 N. Deux Fonts. Wohn, or Wolynie, t. Bohemia, 8 m. N. N. W. Prachatitz, 63 S. S. W. Prague. Lon. 13 45' E. Lat. 49 10 'N. Wolkenstein, t. Saxony, in the circle of Erzge- birg, with a citadel, on a rock near the Zschopa, 13 m. S. S. E. Chemnitz, 36 S. VV. Dresden. Lon. 12 59' E. Lat. 50 36' N. Pop. 1,000. Wollacombe Bay, bay, Eng. on the W. coast of Devonshire, to the N. of Barnstable bay. Waller, or Wooller, t. Eng. in Northumberland co. on the Till, near the Cheviot Hills, 31 m. N. Morpeth, 318 N. London. Lon. 1 45' W. Lat. 55 35' N. Pop. 1,679. Wollin, t. Prussian States, in Pomerania, on the E. coast of the island so called, separated from the continent by the river Direnow, over which is a bridge, 25 m. N. Old Stettin. Lon. 14 35' E. Lat. 53 48' N. Pop. 2,400. Wollin, isl. at the mouth of the Oder, about 30 miles in circumference. * Wolmirsladt, t. Germany, 10m. N. Magdeburg, 40 E. Brunswick. Lon. 11 45' E. Lat. 52 18' N. Wolsmgham, t. Eng. in Durham, 13m. W.Dur- ham, 295 N. London. Lon. 1 52' W. Lat. 54 so; N. Wolverhampton, t. Eng. in Staffordshire, cele- brated for its manufacture of locks, and of late years of japanned goods. 15 m. S. W. Litchfield, 124 N. W. London. Lon. 2 8' W. Lat. 52 35' N. Wolves' islands. New Brunswick. Lon. 66 40' W. Lat. 44 48' N. Wolvey, v. Eng. in Warwick, 10 m. N. E. Cov- entry, 96 N. W. London. Wombinellore, t. Hind, in Baramaul, 100 m. S. E. Seringapatam, 110W.S.W. Pondicherry. Lon. 78 15'E. Lat. IIMS'N. Womborn, t. Eng. in Staffordshire, 3 m. S. W. Wolverhampton. Womelsdorf, p-t. Berks co. Pa. 68 m. N.VV. Phil- adelphia. Wondra, or Wondreb, r. Bavaria, which runs into the Egra, near Konigsberg, in Bohemia. Wood, co. in the N. W. part of Va. Pop. 5,860. Slaves 852. Engaged in agriculture 1,575, in commerce 19, in manufactures 84. Chief town, Parkersburg. Wood, co. Ohio, on the Maumee, formed in 1820, in the Indian reservation. Pop. 733. En- gaged in agriculture 413, in commerce 20, in man- ufactures 54. Chief town, Maumee. Woodberry, t. Huntingdon co. Pa. Woodbourne, t. Montgomery co. Ohio, 8 m. S. Dayton. Woodbridge, t. Eng. in Suffolk, 8 m. E. N. E. Ipswich, 76 N. N.E.London. Lon. 1 18' E. Lat. 52 6' N. Woodbridgc, t. New-Haven co. Ct 7 miles from New-Haven. Pop. 1,988. Woodbridge, p-t. Middlesex co. N. J. 3 m. W. N. W. Ainboy. Pop. 4,226. It contains 2 churches, 1 for Episcopalians, and 1 for Presbyterians. Woodbury, t. Caledonia co. Vt 15 m. N.E. Mont- pelier. Pop. 432. Woodbury, p-t. Litchfield co. Ct 25 miles from New-Haven, 36 from Hartford. Pop. 1,885. Woodbury. p-t. and cap. Gloucester co. N. J. 9 m. S. Philadelphia. It contains a handsome brick court-house, a jail, academy, Quaker meeting- house, and about 80 houses. Woodbury, t. Bedford co. Pa . Pop. 2, 155. WOO 821 Woodbury, t. Huntingdon co.Pa. Pop. 1,497. Wood creek, r. N. Y. which runs into Lake Champlain, at Whitehall. Wood creek, r. N. Y. which runs into Oneida lake. It is connected with Mohawk river by a canal. Wood creek, r. 111. runs into the Mississippi. Wooden 1 s island, rocky isl. in the Pacific Ocean, on the S. coast of King George III.'s Archipelago. Woodford, t. Bennington oo. Vt. 6 m. E. Ben- nington. Pop. 212. Woodford, co. Ken. Pop. 12,207. Slaves 4,678. Engaged in agriculture 2,470, in commerce 23, in manufactures 484. Chief town, Versailles. Woodhouse, t. Norfolk co. Up. Canada. Wood island, small isl. off the coast of Maine, 5 leagues N. E. Cape Porpoise. Lon. 70 24' W. Lat 43 26' N. Wood's Bay, bay in the straits of Magellan. Lon. 72 55' W. Lat. 53 58' S. Woodsborough, p-t. Frederick co. Md. 11 m. N. E. Fredericktown. Woodsjield, p-t. and cap. Monroe co. Ohio, 14 m. W. of Ohio river, 31 S. W. St. Clairsville, 35 N. Marietta. Pop. 81. Woods, Lake of the. See Lake of the Woods. Woodstock, t. Eng. in Oxford co. anciently a roy- al seat. It is famous for the parliamentary settle- ment of the honor and manor of the town and hun- dred on the Duke of Marlborough and his de- scendants, as a reward for his victories, in the year 1704, over the French and Bavarians, par- ticularly at Blenheim ; to perpetuate the memory of which battle, a stately palace, by the name of Blenheim -House, was erected here, at the public charge. 8 m. N. Oxford, 62 N. W. London. Wood- stock is noted for the manufacture of gloves. Lon. 1 15' W. Lat. 51 51' N. Pop. 1,322. Woodstock, p-t. Oxford co. Maine, 6 m. N. Paris. Pop. 509. Woodstock, p-t, and cap. Windsor co. Vt. 14 m. N. W. Windsor, 47 S. Montpelier. Pop. 2,601. The village is pleasantly situated on the Queechy, and contains a court-house, jail, and church. Woodstock, p-t. Windham co. Ct. 45 m. N. E. Hartford, 33 N. W. Providence. Pop. 3,017. It is divided into 3 parishes, and contains an acade- my, and 5 churches, 3 for Congregationalists, and 2 for Baptists. Woodstock, p-t. Ulster co. N. Y. 14 m. N. W. Kingston. Pop. 1,317. It contains 2 churches, 1 for Lutherans, and 1 for Dutch Reformed. Woodstock, p-t. and cap. Shenandoah co. Va. 30 m. S. S. W. Winchester, 112 from Washington. It contains a court-house, jail, academy, 4 church- es, and about 200 houses. Woodstock, p-t. Hyde co. N. C. Woodslown, p-t. Salem co. N. J. 12 m. N. by E. Salem, 26 S. S. W. Philadelphia. Woodstown, p-t. and cap. Clark co. Alabama. Woodville, p-v. Culpeper co. Va. Woodville, p-v. Hanover co. Va. Woodville, p-t. and cap. Wilkinson co. Missis- sippi, 37 m. S. Natchez. Woodville, p-v. Warren co. Tennessee. Woody Island, isl. in the E. Indian Sea. Lon, 106 5 'E. Lat. 1 46' N. See Victoire. Woody Point, cape on the N. W. coast of Amer- ica. Lon. 128 5' W. Lat. 50 N. Woojeda, t. Algiers, in Tremecen, (an. Guagi- da,) 20 m. W. S. W. Tremecen. Wooldale, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, near Wakefield. Woolly, or Ouly, kingdom of Africa, on the N. side of the Gambia, 822 W O K Woolpit, t. Eng. in Suffolk, 8 m. E. Bury St. Ed- munds, 80 X. N. E. London. Woolstanton, t. Eng. in Staffordshire, 2 m. N. Newcastle-under-line. Woolwich, t. Eng. in Kent co. on the right bank of the Thames. For upwards of two centuries there has been a royal dock-yard at this place, un- der the immediate direction of the Navy Board. This is said lo be the most ancient naval arsenal in England. A royal academy for engineers is here established, under the Board of Ordnance, in which are taught the principles and art of fortifi- cation, and every branch of military science rela- ting thereto, with the French and Latin langua- ges, writing, fencing, and drawing. The largest ships may at all times ride here in safety. 10 m. E. London. Lon. 3' E. Lat. 5l u 30' N. Pop. 17,0.^4. W ooticich, p-t. Lincoln co. Maine, on Kenne- beck river, 7 m. W. Wiscasset. Pop. 1,330. Woolwich, t. Gloucester co. N. J. Pop. 3,113. Woosler, p-t. and cap. Wayne co. Ohio, on the Killbuck, which is navigable to this place for boats. 48 m. S. Lake Erie, 87 \ . Columbus. Pop. 1,1-21. It contains a brick court-house, a jail, bank, print- ing office, and about 60 dwelling houses. Two miles N. W. of Wooster, is a well for salt water, sunk 460 feet deep, from which it is expected large quantities of salt may be made. Woostcr, t. Washington co. Ohio, 10 m. N. W. Marietta. Pop. 783. ~ Worcester, city, Eng. cap. of Worcester co. and see of a bishop, on the Severn. The principal manufacture is that of gloves, with one of elegant China-ware. Worcester is large and well built. Besides the cathedral, it contains nine parish charches. It sends two members to parlianunt. 59 m. N. Bristol, 120 W. N. W. London. Lon. 2 l> 7' W. Lat. 53 13' N. Pop. 13,814. Worcester, county, En^. bounded N. by Stafford- shire and Shropshire, E. by Warwickshire, S. by Gloucestershire, and W by Herefordshire and Shropshire. Pop. 160,546. Worcester, t. Washington co. Vt. 10 m. N. Mont- pelier. Pop. 44. Worcester, co. Ma?s. bounded N. by N. Hamp- shire, E. by Middlesex co. S. by Connecticut and R. Island, and W. by Franklin, Hampshire, and Hampden cos. Pop. 73,625. Engaged in agri- culture 8,859, in commerce 105, in manufactures 3,202. Chief town, Worcester. Worcester, p-t. and cap. Worcester co. Mass. 40 m. W. Boston, J N. N. W. Providence, 57 E. Northampton. Pop. 2,962. It is the largest in- land town in New-England, and a place of much wealth and trade, and contains a handsome court- house, jail, bank, 2. printing-offices, from each of which a weekly newspaper is issued ; and 3 houses of public worship, 2 for Congregationalists, and 1 for Baptists. The houses in the village are neat- ly built, principally on one street, extending up- wards of a mile in length. In 1819, a handsome and commodious building was erected for the re- ception of the library and cabinet of the American Antiquarian Society. The library consists of nearly 6,000 volumes, many of thf;m rare and val- uable work?, and the cabinet is respectable. The building was erected at great expense by Isaiah Thomas, LL D. the President of the Society. A company is incorporated for the purpose of mak- ing a canal between this town and Providence. R.I. Worcester, p-t. Otsego co. P. Y 13 m, S. E. Cooperstown, Pop. 1,938. W O T Worcester, t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop. 9*?. Worcester, co. on the eastern shore of Md. bound- ed \. by Delaware, E. by the Atlantic, S. by Vir- ginia, and W. by Somerset co. Pop. 17,421. Slaves 4,551. Engaged in agriculture 3,756, ia commerce 151, in manufactures 387. Chief town, Snowhill. n'nrcnm % or Woudrichem, or Wodercum, t. Hol- land, on the S. side of the Wahal, 13 m. E. N. K. Dort, 16 N. N. E. Breda. Pop. 3,157. Worcum, s-p. Friesland, subject to inundations of the sea. The harbour is blocked up with sand, but it carries on considerable trade by means of its canals. 18 m. S. W. Lewarden. Lon. 5 35' E. Lat. 53 N. Wordingberg, s-p. Denmark, on the S. coast of the island of Zealand, opposite the island of Fal- ster. 43 m. S. W. Copenhagen, 13 S. S. E. Nest- ved. Lon. 1 1 58' E. Lat. 55 3' N. Workington, s-p. Eng. in Cumberland co. at the mouth of the Derwent, 7 m. N. Whitehaven, 307 N. N. W. London. Lon. 3 27' W. Lat. 54 34' N. Pop. 5,807. Worksop, t. Eng. in Nottinghamshire, 18 m. S. Sheffield, 146 N. London. Lon. 1 8' W. Lat. 53 18' N. Worlits, t. Germany, in Anhalt-Dessau, on the Elbe, 5 m. E. Dessau." Pop. 1,800. Woimttout, t. France, in North, 5 m. S. Ber- gues Pop. 3,078. Worms, late a bishopric of Germany, in the cir- cle of the Upper Rhine, surrounded by the Lower Palatinate, the county of Katzenelnbogen, and the electorate of Meutz; about 10 miles in length, along the borders of the Rhine. Worms, t. Germany in Hesse- Darmstadt, for- merly an imperial city, and capital of a bishopric of the same name, is situated on the W. side of the Rhine. This city has undergone many misfor- tunes. 25 m. S. Mentz, 82 E. S. E. Treves. Lon. 8 22' E. Lat. 49 36' N. Pop. 5,600. Worm's Head, or Penrhyn, Gwyr, rock on the S. coast of Wales, in Glamorgan. Lon. 4 17' W Lat. 51 36' N. Wormsdorf, t. Saxony, 20 m. E. Leipsic, 20 N. W. MeLsen. Lon. 12 53' E. Lat. 5T 16'N. Woronine, cape, Russia. Lon. 42 52' E. Lat. 66 29' 56" N. Worsborough, v. Eng. in York, 3 m. S. Barnes- ley, 171 N. London. Worse, r. Eng. which runs into the Severn, near Bridgenorth. Worseley, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 7 m. N. W. Manchester. Worsted, or Wursted, t. Eng. in Norfolk, re- markable for the invention of first twisting of woollen yarn, hence called worsted. 12 m. N. Norwich, 120 N. N. E. London. Lon. 1 25' E. Lut. 52" 46' N. Worth Barrow Bay, bay, Eng. on the S. coast of Dorset, llm. E. Weymouth. Worlhington, p-t. Hampshire co. Mass. 20 m. N. W. Northampton. Pop. 1,276. Wortfiingloji, t. Richland co. Ohio. Worthington, p-t. Franklin co. Ohio, 9 m. N, Columbus, 58 W. Zanesville. It is pleasantly situated, and contains a printing-office, an acade- my, several factories, and 64 dwelling-houses. Worthy, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, near Leeds. Wotton Basset, t. Eng. in Wilts, 18 m. S. W. Farrington, 89 W. London. Lon. 1 56' W. Lat 51 32 \ Wotton under Edge, t. Eng. in Gloucester, 18 W U R m. S. Gloucester, 108 W. London. Lon. 2 23' W. Lat. 5-1 42 J N. Wragby, t. Eng. in Lincolnshire, 11 m. N. E. Lincoln, 144 N. London. Lon. 20' W. Lat. 53 16' N. Wrath, Cave, Scotland, the N. W. extremity of Sutherland co. Lon. 5 18' W. Lat. 58 40' N. Wreak, or Wrtke, r. Eng. in Leicestershire, which runs into the Soar, 7 m. N. E. Leicester. Wrentham, p-t. Norfolk co. Mass. 27 m. S. W. Boston, 18 N. N. E. Providence. It contains an academy, and cotton manufactory, and is celebra- ted for the manufacture of straw bonnets. Pop. 2,801. Wrexham, t. Wales, in Denbigh. This is the largest town in North Wales. Here is a large cannon fouridery. 12 m. S. S. W. Chester, 178 N. \V. London. Lon. 3 12' W. Lat. 53 4' N. Pop. 4,039. WrigJttsborougfi,p-v. Union co. S. C. Wnghlsborough, p-v. Columbia co. Geo. 12 m. W. Aplington. Wrightsburg, p-t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, on Lake Erie, 8 m. N. W. Jefferson. Pop. 341. Wrightstuwn, t. Bucks co. Pa. 4 m. N. New- town. Pop 618. Wrightslown, t. Belmont co. Ohio. Wrightsi'tlle, p-v. York co. Pa. on the Susque- hannah, opposite Columbia. Wrightsvilk, p-v. Duplin co. N. C. Wringlon, t. Eng. in Somersetshire, 11 m. S. Bristol, 125 W. London. Lon. 2 56' IV. Lat. 51 20- .\. Wrotham, or Wortham, t. Eng. in Kent, 11 m. W. N. W. Maidstone, 24 S. E. London. Lon. 18' E. Lat. 51 19' N. Wroxeler, v. Eng. in Salop, at the union of the Torn arid the Severn. Many Roman coins and other antiquities have been found here. 5 m. S. E. Shrewsbury, 155 N. W. London. Wumme, r. Germany, which runs into the We- ser, about 6 m. N. \V. Bremen. Wunnenberg, t. Prussian States, in Westphalia, 14 m. S. Paderborn. Lon. 8 7' E. Lat. 51 29' N. Wunschdberg, or Hradeck, t. Prussian States, in Silesia, lOm.N.W. Glatz,20 S. Schweidnitz. Lon. 16 15' E. Lat. 50 19' N. Pop. 1,352. Wu/isicdd, t. Bavaria, 34 m. E. Bayreuth, 16 W. Eger in Bohemia. Lon. 12 3' E. Lat. 50 3' N. Pop. 2, 871. Wunstorf, t. Hanover, in the principality of Ca- lenberg, 10 m. W. N. W. Hanover. Lon. 9 32' E. Lat. 52 27' N. Pop. 1,700. Wurbenlhal, t. Austrian Silesia, 13 m. W. Ja- jerndorf, 22 N. W. Troppau. Lon. 17 15' E. Lat. 4957'N. Wurlemberg, late a dutchy, and now a kingdom of Germany, of an oval figure, and included be"- tweeu Bavaria on the east and Baden on the west. It is completely surrounded by these two coun- tries, except for a short distance on the south, where it borders on the Lake of Constance. It contains 8,118 square miles, and 1,395,463 inhab- itants, with a revenue 1,000,000 sterling. In the diet of the German Confederation, it is enti- tled to 1 vote, and 4 votes in the general assem- bly. The kingdom is composed of a great num- ber of counties and lordships, some of which were purchased, some devolved to it by marriage, and W Y T 823 others were acquired by conquest. It is the most fertile part of the southwestern section of Germa- ny, and exports grain in considerable quantities. 1 lie re is a university of Tubingen. Stuttgart is the capital. M urzburg, late a bishopric of Germany, and in 1806 erected into a dutchy, now included in the kingdom of Bavaria. It is 80 miles long and 40 broad. W urzburg was the capital. Wursburg, city, Bavaria, on the Maine, well fortified, and defended by a fortress, situated on a rock without the town. The town is divided into four quarters and four suburbs, in which are a new palace, a cathedral, several collegiate arid parish churches, colleges, abbeys, and convents. 50 m. E. S. L. Francfort on the Maine. Lon. 9 59' E. Lat. 49 50' N. Pop. 16,000. Wurzen, or Wurtzen, t. Saxony, on the Mulda, 14 m. E. Leipsic, 44 N. W. Dresden. Lon. 12 42' E. Lat. 51 19' N. Pop. 2,100. Wusterhausen, t. Prussia in Brandenburg. 36 m. iV W. Berlin, 27 N. Brandenburg. Lon. 12 C 31' E. Lat. 52 53' N. Pop. 2,400. Wulach, r. Germany, which runs into the Rhine, 10 m. below Lauffenburg. Wyaconda, r. Missouri, which runs into the Mississippi, 30 m. below the Des Moins. Wyalusing, r. Pa. which runs into the E. branch of,the Susquehannah, above Asylum. Wyalusing, p-t. Luzerne co. Pa. on the Susque- hannah. Pop. 546. Wyandot^r. Indiana, which runs into the Ohio, "S. of Corydon. Wyck le Duerslede, t. Netherlands, in Utrecht, 13 m. S. E. Utrecht, 21 W. Arnheim. Wycomb, (High,) or Chipping Wycomb, t. Eng. in Bucks, 25 m. E. S. E. Oxford, 29 W. N. W. London. Lon. 46 W. Lat. 51 38' N. Pop. 4,756. Wydaiv, r. Denmark, which runs into the North sea, near Tondern. Wye, r. Wales, which runs into the Severn, be- low Chepstow. Wye, t. Eng. in Kent, J2 m. S. W. Canterbury, 56 E. S. E. London. Lon. 58' E. Lat. 51 1 i' N. Wye mills, p-t. Talbot co. Md. Wyllitsbury, p-v. Charlotte co. Va. Wyoming, a name formerly given to a tract of country on the Susquehannah in Pa. above Wilkes- barre. Wyoming falls are 2 miles above Wilkes- barre. Wyre, r. Eng. in Lancashire, which runs into the Irish sea, 9 m. W. Garstang. Lon. 2 56' W. Lat. 53 53 'N. Wynants kill, r. N. Y. which runs into the Hud- son at Troy. Wyschney wolotschok, t. Russia, in Tver, cap. of a circle. Pop. 3,315. Lon. 34 39' E. Lat. 57 oO IV * Wysox, p-t. Luzerne co. Pa. Pop. 1,083. Wytke, co. Va. inclosed by Taze.weil, Montgom- ery, Grayson, and Washington cos. Pop. 9,692. Slaves 1,533. Engaged in agriculture 1,644, in commerce 21, in manufactures 401. Chief town, Evansham. At the court-house is a post-office. Ten miles S. of the court-house are lead mines. Wylootackee, ial. in the Pacific ocean, 10 miles in circumference, Lon. 200 19' E, Lat. 18 52' S. 324 Y A D Y A D X. XABEA, s-p. Spain, in Valencia, near the coast of the Mediterranean, 38 m. N. N. E. Alicant, 54 S. S. W. Valencia. Pop. 4,000. Xaguay Bay, large bay on the S. coast of Cuba. Lon. 81 20' W. Lat. 22 10' N. Xaintes, (Saintos,} or All- Saints' Islands, 3 small islands of the W. Indies, S. E. of Gauda- loupe, 6 m. distant. Lon. 61 32' W. Lat. 15 56' N. Xrtlapa, t. Mexico, the see of a bishop, 70 m. E. Puebla de los Angelos. Lon. 98 26' W. Lat. 19 50' N. Pop. 13,000. Xalon, r. Spain, which runs into the Ebro, 6 m. above Saragossa. Xanga, r. Africa, in Mongallo, runs into the In- dian sea, opposite to the island of Xanga, one of the Quereimby Islands. Lat. 10 45' S. Xanten, or Santen, t. Prussian States, in the province of Juliers-Cleves-Berg, near the Rhine, 7 m. N. E. Gueldres, 12 S. E. Cleves. Pop. 3,000. Xararna, r. Spain, which runs into the Tagus, a little below Aranjuez. Xarayes, Laguna de Los, lake of Brazil, formed by the river Paraguay. 108 miles long and 21 broad. Lat. 17 45'S. ' Xavier, t. Spain, in Navarre, 3m. E. Sanguesa. Xauxa, t. Peru, 90 m. E. Lima. Xauxa, r. S. America, which rises in the An- des, and uniting with the Apurimac, forms the Ucayale. Xauxava, t. Morocco, on a river of the same name, 15 m. N. Morocco. Xenia, p-t. and cap. Greene co. Ohio, 30 m. S. Urbanna, 50 N. E Cincinnati, 54 W. Columbus. Pop. 2,799. It contains a court-house and jail, printing-office, 2 churches, and an academy. Xenil, r. Spain, which runs into the Guadal- quivir, 3m. below Ecija. Xeres de Badajos, or Xeres de los Caballeros, t. Spain, in Estremadura, 72 m. N. N. W. Seville, 5 1 S. W. Merida. Lon. 6 52' W. Lat. 38 17' N. Pop. 6,000. Xeres de la Fronlera, t. Spain, Seville, on the Guadalete, The environs are celebrated for that excellent wine, corruptly called Sherry. 1 5 in. A" N. E. Cadiz, 32 S. Seville. Lon. 6 15' \V. Lat, 3641'N. Pop. 8,000. Xeres de la Frontera, t. Mexico, 25 m. S. Zaca- tecas. Xerica, t. Spain, in Valencia, 7 m. N. W. Se- gorbe. Pop. 3,800. Xerle, t. Spain which passes by Placentia, and runs into the Alagon. Xertigny, t. France, in Vosges, 7 m. E. Epinal. 5 N. Plombieres. Pop. 2,530. Xerumenha, or Jerumenha, t. Portugal, in Alen- tejo, 10 m. S. Elvas, 18 S. W. Badajos. Lon. 6 58' W. Lat. 38 35' N. XicocOj isl. Japan, about 90 miles long, near the S. W. extremity of Niphon, from which it is sepa- rated by a strait, full of small islands. Lon 132 E. Lat 33 30' N. Xiloco, r. Spain, which at Calatiud changes its name to Xalon. Ximena, t. Spain, in Seville, 24 m. E. Medinu Sidonia, 54 S E. Seville. Ximo, or Kiusju, isl. Japan and second in size and eminence, situated to the S. W. of Niphon, from which it is divided by a narrow channel. Its circumference is about 300 miles. Lon. 130 50' to 133 30' E. Lat. 32 40' to 34' N. Ximonosequi, seaport, Japan, on the S. W. coast of Niphon, with a good harbor. Lon. 132 20' E. Lat. 33 56' N. Xingu, r. S. America, which rises near lat. \1 S. and after a northerly course of about 900 miles, runs into the Amazon, 20 m. E. Para. Xixona, t. Spain, in Valencia, 13 m. N. Alicant, 54 S.Valencia. Lon. 042'W. Lat. 38 32' N. Pop 4,400. Xucar, r. Spain, which runs into the Mediterra- nean, 20 m. S. Valencia. Xuli, t. Buenos Ayres, near the W. coast of lake Titicaca, 100 m. N. N. W. La Paz. Lon. 70 6' W. Lat. 16 25' S. Xulla, or Xulloe, isl. in the E. Indian sea, 42 miles long. Lou. 125 E. Lat. 1 53' S. Y. YADI, r. Russia, which runs into the Obskaia gulf, in Ion. 72 38' E. lat. 68 25' N. Yadkin, r. North Carolina, which rises in the Allcghany mountains,and running throughWilkes, Surry, Rowan, Montgomery, Anson, and Rich- mond, counties, passes into South Carolina. In Montgomery county are the narrows, where the river, which was before 200 or 300 yards wide, is contracted to 30. A few miles below the narrows it receives Rocky river from the west, and then takes the name of Great Pedee, which it pi c serves till it falls into Winy aw bay, near George- town. This river was surveyed under the direc- tion of the Yadkin Navigation company, in 1818, from Wilkes court-house iu the mountains, to Cheraw Hill, about 6 miles below the South Car- olina boundary, a distance of 247 miles. The expense of making it navigable for boats of ten tons through this distance, is estimated at $250,234, exclusive of the narrows, where for the present it Y A R is intended to make a turnpike road for 7 miles. The distance from Cheraw Hill to Georgetown by land is 103 miles, but by water 270. It is thought that at least one-third of that distance can be sav- ed by canals at a moderate expense. See Pedee, Great. Yadrin, t. Russia, in Kazan, 122 m.W. Kazan. Lon. 45 44> E. Lat. 55 34' N. Yakimvar, t. Russia, in Viborg, on lake Ladoga, 8 m. S. Serdopol. Yakutsk, t. Russia, in Irkutsk, on the Lena, the capital of a province, to which it gives name. 960 m. N. E. Irkutsk. Lon. 129 G 14' E. Lat. 62 5'N. Yale College. See New Haven, Ct. Yallah^s Point, cape on the S. coast of Jamaica, 12 m. S. E. Kingston, Lon. 76 21' W. Lat. 17 53' N. Yalobusha, r. Mississippi, which runs into the Yazoo. It is beatable to Elliot, 30 miles. Yalutorovsk, t. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the To- bol, 108 m. S.W. Tobolsk, 520 VV. N.W. Kolivan. Lon. 66 32' E. Lat. 568'.N. Yamasca, r. Canada, which runs into the St. Lawrence, in Ion. 72 45' W. Lat. 46 N. Yamaska, seignory, Buckingham co. Lower Canada, on the St. Lawrence, 30 m. S. W. Three Rivers. Yamburg, t. Russia, 20 m. E. Narva. Lon. 28 40' E. Lat. 59 15' N. Yamina, t. Africa, in Bambarra, near the Niger. Lon. 3 50' W. Lat. 1346'N. Yamschevskaia, fort of Russia, in Kolivan, on the Irtisch. Lon. 77 50' E. Lat. 5 1 55' N. Yamskaia, gulf of Russia, in the Penzinskoi sea, between cape Piliatchm and the continent. Lon. 154 14' E. Lat. 60 20' N. Yamskoi, t. Russia, near the gulf of Yamskaia. Lon. 153 34 J E. Lat. 60 12' N. Yana, r. Russia, which runs into the Frozen sea, jn Ion. 131 16' E. lat. 71 25' N. Yancei/ville, p-v. Louisa co. Va. on South Anna creek, 60 m. N. W. Richmond. Yandinskoi, t. Russia, on the Angara, 160 m. N. N. W. Irkutsk. Lon. 103 20' E. Lat. 54 30' N. Yang-lcheou, city, China, in Kiarig-nan, on the royal canal, 485 m. S. S. E. Peking. Lon. 1 18 54' E. Lat. 32 26' N. Yang-tse-kiang, or Kian-ku, r. Asia, which rises in the mountains of Thibet, and after crossing the empire of China, from W. to E. falls into the sea, 120 m. E. Nan-king. It changes its name in al- most every province through which it passes. Yani. kingdom, Africa, divided into Upper and Lower, on the N. side of the Gambia. Yantic, or Norwich river, Ct. joins the Shetuck- et, at Norwich. Yao-ngan, or Yao-gan, city, China, in Yunnan, l,175m.S. W. Peking. Lon. 101 E. Lat. 25 33' N. Yao-tcheou, t. Chinese Tartary, 380 m. E. N. E. Peking. Lon. 122" 14' E. Lat. 40 43' N. Yan-lcheou, city, China, on the N. side of the Jake Po-yang, 670 m. S. Peking. Lon. 1 16 14' E. Lat. 29 N. Yapizlaga, or Llanos de Manso, province of Buenos A>res, S. of Vermejo river. Yapoc, r. Surinam, which runs into the Atlan- tic^ near cape Orange. Yaracui, r. Venezuela, which runs into the Spanish Main, in Ion. 68 40' W. lat. 10 28' N. 104 Y E L 825 Yaransk, t. Russia, 72 m. S. W. Viatka. Lon, 4834'E. Lat. 55 36' N. Yarensk, t. Russia, on the Vitchegda, 92 m. N. E.Ustiug. Lon. 47 50' E. Lat. 62 N. Yarkan, or Jrken, or Yarkien, t. Kashgar, or Little Bukharia, 90 m. S. E. Kashgar. Lon. 78 49' E. Lat. 38 13' N. Farm, or Yarum, t. Eng. in York co. on the Tees, 4m. S. Stockton. Lon. 1 24' W. Lat. 54 37' N. Yarmouth, or Great Yarmouth, seaport, Eng. in Norfolk co. at the mouth of the Yare. It is ex- tensively engaged in the herring fishery, which employs about 150 vessels, of 40 to 50 tons. The harbor is convenient, but will not admit large ves- sels. Yarmouth sends 3 members to parliament. 22 m. E. Norwich, 123 N. N. E. London. Lon, 1 43' E. Lat. 52 35' N. Pop. 17,977. Yarmouth, seaport, En. on the N. coast of the Isle of Wight, near the W. end. It sends 2 mem- bers to parliament. 1 1 m. W. Newport, 99 8. W. London. Lon. 1 30' W. Lat. 50 40' N. Yarmouth, t. on the W . coast of Nova Scotia, 35 m. W. Shelburn. Yarmouth, t. Middlesex co. Upper Canada, on lake Erie. Yarmouth, p-t. and seaport, Barnstable co. Mass. 4 m. E. Barnstable, 70 S. E. Boston. Pop. 2,232. Yarroiv, r. Scotland, which runs into the Tweed, 2 m. below Selkirk. Yale's River, r. Africa, which runs into the At- lantic, in Ion. 12 15' W. lat. 8 8' N. Yatreb, the real name of Medina, in Arabia. It is called Medina, or the city, by way of emi- nence. Yauaca, t. Peru, on the coast, 20 m. S. S. E. Nasca. Lat. 15 S. Yaugos, t. Peru, 80 m. S. E. Lima. Lon. 75 46' W. Lat. 12 40' S. Yaxley, t. Eng. in Huntingdon co. 15 m. N. Huntingdon, 74 N. London. Lon. 15' W. Lat. 52 27' N. Yazoo, r. Mississippi, which rises in the Chick- asaw country, and running S. W. joins the Mis- sissippi, 12 rrk above the Walnut hills, 100 above Natchez. It is navigable 100 miles. Little Ya- zoo runs into the Mississippi, 15 m. below Pal- myra. Ye, or Wye, r. Holland, which passes by Am- sterdam, and runs into the Zuyder Zee, 6 miles below. Fee/a, t. Spain, in Murcia Lat. 38 33' N. Pop. 8,000. Yegue Hofun, t. Chinese Tartary, 418 m. E. N. E. Peking. Lon. 124 19' E. Lat. 43 N. Yell Island, one of the Shetland islands, 20 miles long. Lon. 120' V\ . Lat 60 56' N. Yellow River, r. Ireland, which runs into the Boyne, 4 m. S. Kinnegad. Yellow River. See Hoangho. Yellow Sea, or Guff of Leo Tong, large gulf in- cluded between the coast of China and the penin- sula of Corea, about 400 miles from N. to S. and from 100 to 250 broad. Yellow busha. See Yalobusha. Yellow creek, r- Ohio, which runs into the Ohio about 15 m. aWttve Steubonville. It rises in salt springs, at which salt is manufactured. Yellow creek, t. Columbiana co. Ohio. Pop. 722. Yellow sands, isl. of Lake Supor o-. chiefly re- markable from the superstition of the Indians who 826 Y O R pretend that it contains gold and is guarded by spirits. Yellow springs, p-v. Huntingdon co. Pa. Yellow stone, or Rochy'aune, r. North America, which rises from a lake in the Rocky mountains, between lat. 43 and 44 N. and after a north-east- erly course of 1,100 miles, falls into the Missouri, 1,800 miles from its mouth. Capt. Clark descend- ed this river, on his return from the Pacific ocean. He found it deep, rapid, and navigable, from the place where he struck it to its mouth, a distance of 850 miles. Innumerable herds of buffaloes range upon its banks ; and the traders speak in terms of high admiration of the climate and soil. The government of the U. States have it in con- templation to establish a military post eventually at the mouth of this river. Yellow water, r. which rises in Alabama, and passing into Florida, runs into Pensacola bay. Yemen, the finest and most fertile province of Arabia, surrounded by the Red sea, and by the provinces of Hadramaut, Nedsjed, and Hedsjas. Yemen is naturally divided into two parts, differ- ing greatly in soil and climate : that bordering on the Red sea is a dry and sandy plain, scorched by the most torrid heats, the other, lying beyond this, is hilly and temperate. Yeneseisk. See Eneseisk. Yenne, t. France, in Mont Blanc, near the Rhone, 14m. N. W. Chambery. Yeopil, t. Eng. in Somerset co. on the Ivel, 46 m. E. Exeter, 123 W. S. W. London. Lon. 2 48' W. Lat. 50 56' N. Pop. 3,118. Yerville, t. France, in Lower Seine, 15 m. N. N. W. Rouen. Yesd, t. Persia, in Irak, on the borders of Seges- tan and Kerman. The inhabitants manufacture stuffs and carpets. 190 m. E. Ispahan, 210 N. E. Schiras. Lon. 56 E. Lat. 31 57' N. Yesdikhast, or Jtzdhast, t. Persia, in Faristan, 42 m. S. Ispahan, 120 N. Schiras. Yelhan, r. Scotland, which runs into the Ger- man sea, 10 m. N. Aberdeen. Yetholm, t. Scotland, in Roxburgh co. 10 m. E. N. E. Jedburgh, 56 S. Edinburgh. Pop. 1,01 1. Yevre le Chateau, t. France, in Loiret, 6 m. S. E. Pithiviers. Ylo, or Ilo, seaport, Peru. Lat. 17 38' S. Ylum Oe, isl. Denmark, in the Little Belt. Lon. 10 7' E. Lat. 55 8' N. Yniesta, t. Spain, in New Castile, 20 m. S. E. Alarcon. Yohogany. See Youhiogeny. Yoingt, or Joingt, t. France, in Rhone- and- Loire, 7 miles E. Roanne, 2 W. S. W. Ville- frauche. ' Yon, r. France, in Vendee, which passes by La Roche sur Yon. Yonkers, p-t. Westchester co. N. Y. 21 m. from New York. Pop. 1,586. Yonne, r. France, which joins the Seine, at Montereau. Yonne, a department of France, bounded N. E. by Aube, S. E. by Cote d'Or, S. by Nievre, W. by Loiret, and N. W. by Seine- and- Ma me. Pop. 325,994. Auxerre is the capital. York, city, England, and see of an archbishop, on the Ou?e, in the West Riding, near the centre of the county to which it gives name. It has al- ways been considered as the capital of the north part of England, and the second in th* kingdom in rauk. The walls of this ancient city are all en- Y O R tire being repaired every year, if there is occa- sion. In the reign of Henry V. it had 44 parish churches, besides 17 chapels, 16 hospitals, and 9 religious houses. The cathedral, alike venerable for size, style, and ornaments, was two centuries in building, from 1227 to 1426. The whole length, from E. to W. is 524 feet, the breadth 109 feet of the cross-aisle, and the height of the lantern stee- ple 180. It sends two members to parliament. 197 m. N. London, 191 S. Edinburgh. Lon. 1 W. Lat.54N. Pop. 16,1 45. York, t. the capital of Upper Canada, formerly called Torento, is situated on the N. W. coast of lake Ontario. It has an excellent harbour about 3 miles long and where widest 1 mile broad, form- ed by a peninsula 6 miles in length, terminating at Gibraltar point, on which is a light-house. A shoal extends more than half across the mouth of the harbour and the channel for vessels passes close to the walls of the fort. The town is regularly laid out and contains the Parliament house, Gov- ernment house, a large and handsome hospital lately erected, a provincial bank, Episcopal church and several handsome brick dwelling- houses. The Parliament house is a two-story brick building, 74 by 44 feet, exclusive of the wings, each 30 by 22 feet, and contains a large hall, the council cham- ber, chamber for House of Assembly, public li- brary, and government offices. The number of 'inhabitants is about 2,500, and is constantly in- creasing by the introduction of emigrants from the mother country. 170 m W. S. W. Kingston. Lon. 79 20' W. Lat. 43"35'N. York, co. Lower Canada, on the N. side of the St. Lawrence, extending along Ottawa river. York, co. New Brunswick, on both sides of the St. John. York, r. Maine, in York co. affording for 7 or 8 miles, a good harbor for vessels of 200 tons. York, co. Maine, bounded N. by Oxford co. N. E. by Cumberland co. S. E. by the Atlantic, and W. by New Hampshire. Pop. 46,283. Engaged in agriculture 8,674, in commerce 533, in manu- factures 746. Chief town, York. York, port of entry, p-t. and cap. York co. Maine, 9 m. N. N. E. Portsmouth, 42 S. W. Port- land, 67 N. E. Boston. Pop. 3,046. The court? of the county are held alternately here and at Al- fred. The river on which it stands is navigable for vessels of 250 tons. The shipping amounted in 181 6, to 1,470 tons. York, or Yorktown, t. Westchester co. N. Y. 45 m. N. New York. Pop. 1,992. York, t. Livingston co. N. Y. Pop. 1,729. York, co. Pa. on the W. side of the Susquehan- nah. Pop. 38,759. Engaged in agriculture 5,710, in commerce 106, in manufactures 2,796. Chief town, York. York, borough, and cap. York co. Penn. on Codorus creek, which empties itself into the Susquehannah, and over which there are two handsome stone bridges. 22m. W. S. W. Lan- caster, 30 S. E. Carlisle, 50 E. Chambersburg, 48 N. Baltimore, 84 W. Philadelphia. It is regu- larly laid out and contains a court-house, jail, academy, almshouse. 4 breweries, 9 houses of pub- lic worship. Pop. of the bor. 3,545 ; of the rest of the town, 2,107. Lon. 76 40' W. Lat. 39* 58' N. York, r. Va. which is formed by the union of tht Mattapony and Pamunky, and runs into the Ches apeake, S. of Mobjack bay, opposite cape S*. YOU Y U N 827 Charles. It has 4 fathoms water for 20 miles above Yorktown. York, co. Va. on the western shore of the Ches- apeake, bordered on the N. by York river. Pop. 4,384. Slaves 2,165. Engaged in agriculture J,328, in commerce 9, in manufactures 128. Chief town, Yorktown. York, district, S. C. on Catabaw river. Pop. 14,936. Slaves 4,590. Engaged in agriculture 4,748, in commerce 38, in manufactures 321. At the court-house is a post-office. York, t. Athens co. Ohio. Pop. 335. York, t. Belmont co. Ohio, on the Ohio, 14 m. S. St. Clairsville. Pop. 836. York, t. Montgomery co. Ohio, 7 m. N. Dayton. York, t. Morgan co. Ohio. Pop. 344. York Bay, a bay on the S. VV. coast of the isl- and of St. Vincent, 2 m. N. W. Kingston bay. York Fort, fort at the mouth of Nelson's river, in Hudson's bay. Lon. 92 46' W. Lat. 57 2' N. York Minster, a lofty promontory on the coast of Terra del Fuego. Lon. 70 25' W. Lat. 55" 26 S. i York Point, a cape in the straits of Magellan. Lon. 73 32' W. Lat. 53 39' N. York Road, a road for ships in the straits of Ma- gellan, near the coast of Patagonia. Lon. 73 52' W. Lat. 53 39' S. Yorkshire, county, England, and by far the largest in the kingdom, bounded N. by Durham, E. and N. E. by the German sea, S. by Lincoln- shire, Nottinghamshire, and Derbyshire, S.VV. by Cheshire and Lancashire and N. W. by West- moreland. It is divided into three ridings, North, East, and West. Pop. in 1811, 973,117. Yorkshire,*. Cataraugus co. N. Y. Yorktown, or York, p-t. port of entry, and cap. York co. Virginia, on the S. side of York river, 1 1 miles from its mouth, at the point where the river is suddenly contracted to the width of a mile. The banks of the river are very high, and vessels of the largest burden may ride close under them with the greatest safety. The harbor is said to be the best in Virginia. The amount of shipping owned in this district in 1815, was 733 tons. This town will ever be famous in the American annals for the capture of Lord Cornwallis and his army, on the 19th of October, 1791. 29 m N. W. Nor- folk, 72 E. S. E. Richmond, 187 S. S. E. Washing- ton. Lat. 37 22' N. Lon. 76 52' W. Pop. about 700. YoughaU, seaport, Ireland, in Cork co. on a bay- to which it gives name, at the mouth of Blackwa- ter river. There is a bar at the mouth of the port, which makes it difficult and sometimes dan- gerous. 31 m. S. W. Waterford, 25 E. Cork. Youghiogeny, r. Pa. which pierces the Laurel mountains, and flowing N. W. joins the Mononga- hela, 15 m. S. E. Pittsburg. From the falls at the Laurel mountains, to Cumberland on the Potomac is 40 miles. Young Point, cape on the E. coast of St.Vincent. Lon. 61 9' W. Lat. 13 12' N. Young 1 s Island, isl. near the S. coast of the island of St. Vincent, 2 m. S. E. Kingston bay. Youngstown, t. Niagara co. N. Y. 6m. from Lewiston. Youngslown. p-v. Westmoreland co. Pa. Youngstown, p-t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 14 m. S.E. Warren. Pop. 1,025. Yowry, isl. near the N. coast of New Guinea. Lon. 130 45' E. Lat. 15' S. Yox glades, p-v. Alleghany co. Md. Ypres, or Ipres, city, Netherlands, in Flanders, on the Yperlee. In the year 1242, the population amounted to 200,000, principally weavers and tradesmen. The inhabitants carried on a great trade in wollen cloth, but by the severity of the duke of Alva, the principal manufacturers were driven to England. At this time, they carry on a considerable manufacture of linen, of excellent fabric. Ypres has sustained several remarkable sieges. 5 posts S. Ostend, 4 N. W. Lisle. Lon. 2 53' E. Lat. 50 48' N. Pop. 15,148. Yrun. See Irun. Ysendyck, or Isendyck, t. and fort, Flanders, on the arm of the Scheldt called the Blie, 8 m. E. Sluys, 17 N. W. Ghent. Lon. 3 28' E. Lat. 51 21' N. Ytsengeaux, or Issengeaux, t. France, in Upper Loire, 12 m. N. E. Le Puy. Lon, 4 10' E. Lat. 45 8' N. Pop. 6,482. Yslad, or Ydstad, seaport, Sweden, 26 m. S. E. Lund. Lon. 13 44' E. Lat. 55 22' N.. Pop. 3,021. Yucatan. SeeMerida. Yverdun, or Iff'erten, t. Switzerland, in Vaud, on the lake of Neufchatel, at the mouth of the river Orb, which divides into two branches, form- ing a good port, arid an island, on which the town is situated. It has a large and strong castle, a col- lege, hospital, divers magazines, tec. 34 m. S.W. Berne, 16 N. Lausanne. Lon. 6 14' E. Lat. 46 48' N. Pop 2,500. Yvetol, t. France, in Lower Seine, 18 m. N. W. Rouen. Pop. 9,800. Lat. 46 47' N. Yuma, or Yumba, or Long Island, one of the Bahama Islands, about 50 miles long. Lon. 74 50' W. Lat. 23 20' N. Yungar, r. Missouri, which rises on the western slope of the Ozark mountains and receiving many tributaries, enters Osage river, 140 from the con- fluence of the latter with the Missouri. Yun-nan, province, China, bounded N. by Se- tchuen and Thibet, E. by Quang-si and Koei- tcheou, S. by Laos, and W. by Ava and Pegu ; about 300 miles long, and 250 broad. It is "reck- oned one of the most fertile in China. Yun-nan, city, China, of the first rank, and cap- ital of Yun-nan, at the N. extremity of a lake, and formerly celebrated for its extent, and the beauty of its public edifices ; but the Tartars, in their different invasions, destroyed all those monuments, 1,152 m. S. S. W. Peking. Lon. 102 28' E. Lat, 25 6' N. 828 Z A M Z A R Z. ZAAB, or Ze&, district, Africa, in Sahara. Lat. between 34' 30' and 35 N. Zacutecas, mtendaucy, Mexico, bounded N. by Durango, E. by San Luis Potosi, S. by Guanaxa- to, and VV. by Guadalaxara. Area, 18,039 square miles. Pop. 153, 00. Zacatecas, t. Mexico, cap. of the above, one of tlv> most celebrated mining places of New Spain, 30(> m. N. N. VV. Mexico. Pop. 33,000. Lat. 23 X Z'calula, or Sacalula, t. Mexico, on a river of the same name, near the Pacific ocean, 95 m. S. ran. Lon. 103 VV Lat. 18 35' N. Zacheu, or Desechio, isl. in the W. Indies, be- tween Hispaniola and Porto Rico, 27 m. N. E. M"on< . Zadaon, r. Portugal, which runs into the Atlan- tic, near Setuval. Zedonzk, t. Russia, in Voronez, on the Don, 9 2 m. N . Voronez. Lon. 39 14' E. Lat. 53 4' N. Zafra, t. Spain, in Estremadura, 22 m. E. Xer es de I os Caballeros. Pop. 6,000. Zagara, (an. Helicon,) mt. Greece, in Livadia. Zagawa, city, Africa, in Bornou, on a river. Lon. 25 50' E. Lat. 19 10' N. Zagora, t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, on a lake which communicates with the Black sea, 12 m. S. W. Burgas. Zagros, or Tag Aiagha, chain of mountains of Persia, which leaves the Taurus range a little W. of Lake Van, and extending S. E. terminate on the Persian gulf near the strait of Ormuz. Zafiara, t Spain, in Seville, 36 m. S. E. Se- ville, 40 N. W. Madrid. Lon. 5 33' W. Lat. 36 50' N. Zaine-t or Wadd Berber, r. Africa, which runs into the Mediterranean, in Ion. 9 16' E. lat. 36 5* N. Zaire. See Congo. Zal Aleksandrorskoi, bay of the Caspian sea, 260 m. S. S. E. Astrachan. Lon. 51 14' E. Lat. 43 N. Zambese or Cumana, r. Africa, which runs into the Indian sea. Lon. 37 E. Lat. 19 S. Zmfara, or Zanfara, t. Africa, and cap. of a kingdom of the same name, 170m. E. N. E. Wan- gara. Lon. 16" 15' E. Lat. 18 20' N. Zamora, prov. Spain, in Leon, bounded N. by Valladolid, E. by Toro, S. by Salamanca, W. by Portugal. Sq. miles, 1,606. Pop. 71, 4(K). Zamora, t. Spain, in Leon, on the Duero, the sei of a bishop. It is a frontier town against Por- tugal. 120m. N. VV. Madrid, 50 S. S. W. Leon. Lon. 6 W. Lat. 41 50' N. Pop. 8,500. Zamora, t. Mexico, 80 m. N. W. Mechoacan. Lon. 103 40' VV. Lat. 20" 54' N. Zamora, t. S. America, 200 m. S. Quito. Lon. 78 46 W. Lat.4S. Zamnscit, or Samostzic, t. and fortress, Austrian Poland, in Galicia, with a stately cathedral, sev- eral other churches, and a decayed university. 60 m. N. W. Lemberg, 40 S. S. W. Chelm. Lon. 23 15' E. Lat. 50 31' N. Pop. 3,500. Zampala, or Chempoalla, or Zempoala, city, Mexico, 90 m. E. Puebla dc los Angelos. Lon. 97 50' W. Lat. 20 10 N. Zone, t. Logan co. Ohio. Pop. 545. Zanestoicn, t. Logan co. Ohio. Zanesville, p-t. and cap. Muskingum. co. Ohio, on the N. sid i e of Muskingum river, at the falls op- posite Putnam, 80 m. W. Wheeling in Virginia, 61 N. W. Marietta, 70 N. E. Chillicothe, 58 E. Columbus. It is a very flourishing town, and well situated for trade and manufactures. The navi- gation of the Muskingum is uninterrupted from its mouth to this place ; the falls afford numerous fine mill-seats, and the surrounding country abounds with inexhaustible beds of coal for such establishments as require the use of fuel. Here are already erected 2 glass-houses, several flour- mills, an oil-mill, saw-mills, a nail factory, and woollen factory. The town contains besides 2 banks, 2 printing-offices, a court-house, and sever- al public offices. There are 2 bridges over the river at this place. A company was incorporated in 1814, for the construction of a canal and locks abound the falls, and the work is now rapidly pro- gressing. The expense is estimated at from 70,000 to 100,000 dollars, and the company intend to unite with the canal extensive water works, for manufacturing purposes. Lon. 82 3' W. Lat. 3958'N. Pop. 3,023. Z'tngnebar, (country of the blacks,) a name given to a large territory on the eastern coast of Africa, embracing the countries of Magadoxa, Melinda, Mombaca, and Quiloa. It extends from lat. 3 N. to 10 S. Zante, isl. in the Mediterranean, near the coast of the Morea, about 12 miles long and 6 broad, chiefly inhabited by Greeks. The Greeks have 40 churches besides convents, and a bishop ; the Roman Catholics have three convents and a bish- op. By the treaty of Campo Formio, Zante was given to France ; but in 1799, it was taken by the united fleets of Russia and Turkey, and soon af- terwards connected with other neighbouring isl- ands to form the republic of the Seven Islands. See Ionian Islands. The island produces excel- lent wine, and currants, olives, figs, melons, peach- es, and other choice fruits. It is much subject to earthquakes. The London Society have a mis- sionary on this island. Lon. 2 l u 4' E. Lat. 37 40' N. Pop. 40,000- Zante, t. and capital of the island of Zante, sit- uated on the N. E. side, with a harbour safe and commodious for vessels of any size. On a moun- tain above the town is a citadel which commands the harbour. Zante is the see of a Greek and Latin bishop. Lon. 21 8' E. Lat. 37 50' N. Pop. 1 2,000. Zanzibar, or Zangibar, isl. in the Indian Sea, off Zanguebar. Lon. 41 15' E. Lat. 6 S. Zara, city and s-p. Dalmatia, the see of an arch- bishop, surrounded on all sides by the sea, saving that it has a communication with the continent, by means ol a draw- bridge, commanded by a fort. It is deemed almost impregnable. The harbour, which lies to the north, is capacious, safe, and Z E I well guarded. 28 m. N. W. Scardona. Lon. 15 38' E. Lat. 44 22 ' N. Pop. 6,000. Zara Vecchia, Old Zara, or Biograd, or AM Maritima, t. Dalmatia, now little better than a vil- lage, 18 m.S. E. Zara. Zuraisk, t. Russia, in Riazan, on the Oser, 24 m. S. W. Riazan. Lon. 38 24' E. Lat. 54 30 'N. Zarpana, or Rota, or St. Ann, one of the La- drone islands, about 40 miles in circumference, 21 m. from Guam. Zashirersk, t. Russia, in Irkutsk, 1,320 m. N. N. E. Irkutsk, 1,732 E N. E. Kolivan. Lon. 138 14 'E. Lat. 67 25' N. Zatmar, t. Hungary, 56 m. N. N. W. Colosvar, 170 E. Presburg. Lon. 22 24 ' E. Lat. 47 47' N. Pop. 8,209. Zavidti, isl. Russia, at the entrance of the gulf of Tchaunskaia, in the Frozen sea, 60 miles in cir- cumference. Lon. 166 14' E. Lat. 71 50' to 72 20' N. Zaweh, t. Persia, and capital of a district, on the river Tedjen, 24 m. from the Caspian sea, 81 m. N. Meschid, 45 N. N. E. Asterabat. Zealand, or Zetland, or Seeland, (in Danish Sice- land,*) the largest island belonging to the kingdom of Denmark, bounded N. by the Scaggerac, E. by the sound, S. by the Baltic, and W. by the Great Belt ; about 65 miles long from N. to S. and where widest, 60 from E. to W. The soil is generally fertile, and produces corn more than sufficient for the inhabitants, with excellent pastures. Lon. 10 58' to 12 40' E. Lat. 55 2 to 56 6' N. Sq. miles 3,168. Pop. 310,000. Zealand, one of the States of the kingdom of the Netherlands, consisting of islands formed by branches and outlets of the Scheldt. On the N. it is bounded by Holland, E. by Brabant, S. by Flan- ders, and W. by the North sea. The islands of Walcheren and Schouwen are defended against the violence of the sea, by downs or sand hills on one side, and on the other like the rest of the isl- ands of Zealand, by vast dykes. The soil is very fruitful, and famed for its excellent wheat and madder. Sq. miles, 680. Pop. 112,000. Zebid, city, Arabia, in Yemen, once the most commercial city in all Tehama ; but since the har- bour of Ghalefka was choked up, its trade has been transferred to Beit el Fakih and Mocha, and it now retains nothing but the shadow of its for- mer splendour. 52 m. N. Mocha. Lon. 43 15' E. Lat. 14"12'N. Zechini, isl. in the Grecian archipelago, 2 m. S. E. Stanchio. Lon. 26" 51' E. Lat. 36 48 ' N. Ztdic, t. Africa, cap. of a district of Tripoli, on a bay of the .Mediterranean, called the bay of Ze- dic, 150m. E. S. E. Tripoli, 120 S. E. Mesurada. Zegtdmn or Szeged, t. Hungary, near the con- flux of the rivers Maros and Theisse. It is strong, and a place of some trade, 68 m. N. Belgrade, 60 N. VV. Temesvar. Lon. 19 56' E. Lat. 46 15' N. Pop. 25,347. Zthdcnick, t. Prussian States, in Brandenburg, on the Havel, 28 rn. S. S. W. Prenzlow, 28 N. Berlin. Lon. 13 22' E. Lat. 52 58' N. Pop. 2,500 Ztila, or Zella, or Seila, s-p. Africa, in Adel, on the coast of the Arabian sea, at the mouth of the Hanazo, which forms a bay called the Gulf of Ze- tiu. Lon. 44 2ff E. Lat. 10 45' N. Zeilon, t Eu. Turkey, in Thessaly, on a gulf to which it gives name. 48 m. S. S. E. Larissa, 62 N. Corinth. Lon. 22 .08' E. Lat. 39 6' N. Pop. 4000. Z I A 829 Zeiton, gulf of the Egaean sea, on the E. coast of Thessaly, N. W. of the island of Negroponte. Zeitoun, t. Asiatic Turkey, in the government of Sivas, on the Kizilemark, 33 m. W. Samsoun. Zeite, t. Prussian States, in Saxony, 15 m. E. S. E. Naumburg, 64 W. Dresden. Lon. 12 2' E. Lat. 51 3' N. Pop. 5,800. Zelandy, small isl. near the W. coast of Suma- tra. Lon. 98 14 ' E. Lat. 53 ' N. Zelanic.a, cape on the N. coast of Nova Zembla. Lon 77 24' E. Lat. 78 N. Zeleh, t. A. Turkey, in Sivas, (an. Ze/a,) 21m. W. S. W. Tocat, 55 W. N. W. Sivas. Zelenin, small isl. in the Frozen ocean, near the S. W. coast of Nova Zembla. Lon. 56 24' E. Lat. 70 50' N. Zekzenskaia, fort, Russia, in Kolivan, on the E. side of the Irtisch. Lon. 75 40 ' E. Lat. 53 25' N. Zell am Hammer sbach, t. Baden, 9 m. W. Freu- denstadt, 26 N. W. Rothweil. Lon. 8 7 ' E. Lat. 4823'N. Pop. 1,112. Ze.lle, city, Hanover, in the principality of Lu- nehurg, fortified arid well built, on the Aller, which is here navigable. Here are manufacturers and artificers in various branches, particularly in gold and silver. 40 m. S. Luneburg, 128 W. Berlin. Lon. 10 14' E Lat. 5352'N. Pop. 8,800. Zellerfeld, t. Hanover, in the Harz Forest; sil- ver to the value of 20,000 imperial crowns is an- nually coined in this town. 6 m. S. S. W. Goslar. Ze.llerSee, lake, Germany, 28 m. S. S. W. Salz- burg. Zemlin, or Semlin, t. and fortress, Sclavonia, at the union of the Save and the Danube, opposite Belgrade. Pop. 7,089. Ztrmorget, or Zernwgete, small isl. in the Red sea, 30 m. from the coast of Egypt. Lon. 53 5* E Lat. 23 25' N. Zenderoud. r. Persia, which passes by Ispahan, and loses itself in a lake, 15 m. S. W. Lauristan. Zengan, or Zenigan, t. Persia, in Irak. It has been frequently sacked and destroyed by the Tar- tars, and the Turks. 21 m. N. W. Sultania, 120 S. S. E.Tauris. Zenia. See Xenia. Zenta, t. Hungary, on the river Theys, memo-? rable for a signal victory obtained in the yeaV 1697, by Prince Eugene over the Turks. 52 m. N. Belgrade, 52 W. Temesvar. Zephira, small isl. in the Grecian archipelago, near the N. coast of Antiparos. Zerbst, t. Germany, in the dutchy of Anhalt- Dessau, and the largest and handsomest town in the whole principality of Anhalt. In the town are 2 Lutheran churches, with an university. 8 m. N. N. W. Dessau, 44 S. W. Potsdam. Lon. 12 C 10' E. Lat. 52 3' N. Pop. 8,000. Zermagna, r. Dalmatia, which runs into the Adriatic, opposite Pago. Zero, r. Italy, which runs into the sea, 7 m. N. Venice. Zevaco, small isl. in the Pacific ocean, near the ' coast of Veragua. Lon. 81 46' W. Lat. 8"N. Zeulenroda, t. Germany, in the principality of Reuss-Greitz. 10 m. W. Greitz. 17 N. N. W. Lobenstein. Lon. 1 1 51' E. Lat. 50 36' N. Pop. 3,600. Zia, isl. in the Grecian archipelago, (an. Ceo* and Hydrassa?) about 16 leagues in circumference. The inhabitants are Greeks, who have a bishop. The soil is fertile. Of four cities in this island, the only one at present remaining is Zeia, con- taining about 3,000 inhabitants, with a harbour 830 Z N A capable of receiving vessels of considerable bur- den. 10 m. E. Cape Colonni. Lon. 24 24' E. Lat. 37 30' N. Zibet, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria, on the Dan- ube, 24 m. S. S. E. Viddin. Zibreira, t. Portugal, in Beira, 30 m. S. Alfay- ates, 12 N. N. W Alcantara in Spain. Zibrits* r. Eu. Turkey, which runs in the Dan- ube, near Zi ben, in Bulgaria. Ziegenhals, t. Silesia, famous for its manufac- tures of beautiful glasses. 10 m. S. Neisse, 20 N. W. Jagerndorf. Lon. 17 17' E. Lat. 50 12' N. Pop. 2,000. Ziegenhayn, t. Germany, and chief place of a province of the same name, in Hesse Cassel, 16 m. S. Fritzlar, 26 S. Cassel. Lou. 9 15' E. Lat. 50 50' N. Pop. 1,570. Ziegenruch, t. Prussian States, in Saxony, on the Saal, 10 m. S. Neustadt, 11 E. Saalfeld. Lon. 11 42' E. Lat. 50 32' N. Pop. 740. Zielensig, t. Prussian States, in Brandenburg, 18 m. S. E. Custrin, 22 N. E. Francfort on the Oder. Lon. 15 16' E. Lat. 52 30' N. Pop. 3,100. Zierenberg, t. Hesse-Cassel, 11 m. N. W. Cas- sel, 10 N. N. W. Naumburg. Lon. 9 20' E. Lat. 51 22' N. Pop. 1,180. Zigansk, t. Russia, in Irkutsk, on the Lena, 1,472 m. E. Tobolsk, 1,340 N. E. Kolivan. Lon. 120" 32' E. Lat. 67 N. Ziget, t. Hungary, between the streams of a small river, which unite below the town, and soon after run into the Drave. It is on every side sur- rounded by a morass, and defended by moats, walls, and bastions. 44 m. S. E. Canischa, 130 S. S. E. Vienna. Lon. 17 56' E. Lat. 46 8 N. Zimbaoa, or Zimbao, t. Africa, in Sofala, and capital of Mocaranga. Lon. 33 40' E. Lat. 16 40' S. Zimiti, t. New Granada, near a lake, 60 m. S. Santa Fe cle Bogota, 190 S. S. E. Carthagena. Lon. 74 6' W. Lat. 7 42' N. Zinari, isl. in the Grecian archipelago. Lon. 26'; 10' E. Lat. 36 59' N. Zings/, small isl. in the Baltic, near the coast of Pomerciuia. Lon. 12 50' E. Lat. 54 28' N. Zm/en, t. Prussia, inNatangen, 30m. S. S. W. Konigsberg. Lon. 20 20' E. Lat. 54 23' N. Zinu, or Sinu, t. New Granada, 90 m. S. Car- thagena. Lon. 75* 48' W. Lat. 8 58' N. Zinsig, or Sinsig, t. France, in Roer. 18 m. N. N. W. Cobleutz. Lon. 7 12' E. Lat. 50 33' N. Ziricze, t. Netherlands, in Zealand, and capital of Schouwen. Lon. 3 48' E. Lat. 51 40' N. Zirua, small isl. in the Mediterranean, near the coast of Tunis. Lon. 11 39' E. Lat. 3339'N. Zislersdorf, t. Austria, with a citadel, 20 m. N. E. Vienna, 28 N. W. Presburg. Lon. 16 43' E. Lat. 48' 28' N. Zitara, t. New Granada, 120 m. S. W. Santa Fe de Antioquia, 210 N. Popayan. Lon. 76 30' W. Lat. 6 N. Zitlau, r. Germany, which runs into the Saal, 4 m. S. S. E. Bernburg. Zittau, t. Saxony, in Upper Lusatia, on the river Neisse, and fortified in the ancient manner. It contains 2 churches within the walls, and 3 without, with 3 hospitals and an orphan-house. ] 7 m. S. Gorlitz, 52 N. N. E. Prague. Lon. 14 56' E. Lat. 50 C 49' N. Pop. 9,000. Znaym, t. Moravia, in the circle of the same name, near the Tcya. It contains a citadel, and Z U G a college. 53 m. S. W. Olmurz, 38 N. W. Vieu- na. Lon. 15 51' E. Lat. 48 48' N. Pop. 5,190. Zoar, t. Arabia, in Hedsjas, on the S. coast of the Dead sea, at the mouth of the Safia, 30 m. N. Karac. Zoar, v. Delaware co. Ohio, 12 m. S. E. Dela- ware. Zoom, t. Africa, in Barca, 140 m. S. W. Tolo- meta Lon. 11 56' E. Lat. 32 35 'N. Zoblitz, t. Saxony, in the circle of Erzgebirg. The inhabitants subsist principally by working the serpent stone, which is found here, into pitch- ers, bowls, tea and coffee-dishes, mortars, cups, &c. 17 m. S. Freyberg, 30 S. W. Dresden. Lon. 13 11' E. Lat. 50 36' N. Pop. 925. Zobten,t. Silesia, 9 m. E. N. E. Schweidnitz, 16 S. S. W. Breslau. Lon. 16 41' E. Lat. 50 48' N., Pop. 1,000. Zoffingcn, t. Switzerland, in Berne, on the Wig- ger, 26 m. N. N. E. Berne, 24 N. N. W. Lucerne. Zollern, castle, Germany, on a mountain, in the principality of Hohenzollern, to which it gives name, 10 m. S. Tubingen. Zombar, t. Hungary, 40 m. S. Colocza, 30 N. E. Eszek. Lon. 19 12' E. Lat. 45 56' N. Pop. 14,956. Zonchio, cape, Eu. Turkey, on the coast of the Morea, 12 m. N. N. W. Navarin. Lon. 21 30' E. Lat. 37 12'N. Zonehio, s-p. Eu. Turkey, in the Morea, 8 m. N. Navarin. Zons, t. Germany, on the Rhine, with a castle, J3m. N. N. W. Cologn, 56 N. E. Liege. Lon. 6 43' E. Lat. 51 4' N. Zorah, t. Africa, on the coast of Barca. Lon. 1830'E. Lat. 30 45' N. Zorbig, or Little Zerbst, t. Prussian States, in Saxony, with a citadel, 15m. S. Dessau, 22 N. N. W. Leipsic. Lon. 12 18' E. Lat. 51 40' N. Pop. 1,940. Zorn, r. France, rises in Lower Rhine, and com- municates with the Rhine, 8 m. N. Strasburg. Zorndorf, t. Brandenburg, near Custrin, where the King of Prussia defeated the Russians, 1758. Zour el Hamman, or Island of Pidgeons, small isl. in the Mediterranean, near the coast of Al- giers. Lon. 12 U 38' E. Lat. 36 26' N. Zowan.ore, or Zimbra, isl. in the Mediterranean, near the N. E. coast of Tunis, 18 m. N. N. W. Cape Bon. Lon. 11 8' E. Lat. 36 50' N. Zoic-wan, or Zagivan, t. Africa, in the kingdom of Tunis, famous for the dying of scarlet caps, 36 m. S. W. Tunis. Lon. 10 6' E. Lat. 36 14' N. Zrin, t. near the Unna, 40 m. E. S. E. Carl- stadt, 12 S. Petrinia. Lon. 16 55' E. Lat. 45 16' N. Zublzor, t. Russia, in Tver, on the Volga, 68 m. S. W. Tver. Lon. 34 50' E. Lat. 55 46' N. Zuckmundel, t. Silesia, the see of a bishop. 17 m. N. N. W. Jagerndorf, 10 S. Neisse. Lon. 17 16'E. Lat. 50" 8' N. Zueela, or Zawilla, t. Africa, in the kingdom of Fezzan, 60m. E. N. E. Mourzouk. Lon. 16 45' E. Lat. 27 35' N. Zug, a canton of Switzerland, bounded N. and E. by Zuric, S. by Schweitz, and \V. by Lucern ; only about ten miles long, and as much broad. The government is entirely democratical. The people are reckoned the most restless of Switzer- land. Pop. 14,735. Zug, t. Switzerland, and capital of a canton of the same name, at the N. E. extremity of the lake Z U R ofZug, 15 m. S.Zurich, 12 N. N. E. Lucerne. Lon. 8 16' E. Lat. 47 6' N. Pop. 2,000. Zug, lake, Switzerland, 8 miles long and 2 wide, which takes its name from the town on its coast. Zullichau, t. Prussian States in Brandenburg, situated in a low plain, half a German mile dis- tance from the Oder, and abouUhe same distance from the Ober. Without the walls is a seat be- longing to the king of Prussia, fortified with walls and moats. Zullichau contains a good woollen manufacture. In the year 1759, a battle was fought near this town between the Prussians and the Russians, in which the former were defeated. 37 m. S. E. Francfort on the Oder, 17 E. Crossen. Lon. 15 45' E. Lat. 52 8' N. Pop. 5,500. Zulpich, or Zulch, t. Prussian States, in the province of Juliers-Cleves- Berg, 18 m. S. W. Co- logn, 43 E. Liege. Lon. 6 34' E. Lat. 50 43' N. Zults, or Biala, t. Silesia, 20 m. S. S. W. Op- peln, 14 E. S. E. Neisse. Pop. 1,400. Zumaia, or Cumaia, t. Spain, in Guipuscoa, near the coast of the bay of Biscay, 14 m. W. St. Sebastian. Lon. 1 51' W! Lat. 43 17' N. Zurara, t. Portugal, in Entre Duero e Minho, at the mouth of the Ave, opposite Villa de Conde. Zuric, or Zurich, canton, Switzerland, bounded N. by Germany and the canton of Scaffhausen, E. by Thurgau, S. by the cantons of Schweitz and Zug, and W. by Argow. This canton is not un- aptly called an epitome of all Switzerland, as con- taining in it hills, vallies, plains, corn lands, vine- yards, lakes, and rivers. Pop. 182,123. Zurich, city, Switzerland, and cap. of a canton of the same name; situated on a large lake, where the river Limmat is discharged, which divides it into two parts. The old part is surrounded with the same battlements and towers which existed in the 13th century. The inhabitants carry on seve- ral manufactures : the principal are those of lin- ens and cottons, muslins and silk handkerchiefs. Pop. 10,353. 41 m. S. E. Bale, 36 S. W. Con- stance. Lon. 8 25 ' E. Lat. 47 1 8' N . Zurich, lake, Switzerland, in a canton to which it gives name, 22 m. long, and 2 wide. Zurzach, t. Switzerland, on the Rhine, chiefly celebrated for its fairs, 25 m. E. Bale, 9 N. Baden. Z Y P 831 Zutpken, city, Netherlands, in Guelderland,on the river Berckel, which passes through the mid- dle of it, and immediately joins the Issel. 7 m. S. Deventer, 40 E. Utrecht. Pop. 6,878. Lon 6 5' E. Lat 52 10' N. Zutphen islands, small islands in the straits of Sunda. Lon. 105 42' E. Lat. 5 50' S. Zuyder-Zee, or Zuider-See, a great gulf or bay of the German Ocean, which extends from south to north, in the Kingdom af the Netherlands, be- tween Friesland, Overissel, Guelderland, and Hol- land. Zwammerdam, or Zwadenburgerdam, t. Nether- lands, on the Rhine, 10 m. E. S. E. Leyden. Zwartkops Bay, or Algoa Bay, bay on the S. coast of Africa, where ships may lie in five fathom water a mile from the general landing place. 500 m. E. from the Cape. Lon. of the landing-place, 26 53' E. Lat. 33 56' S. Zwenckau, t. Saxony, on the Elster, 5 m. S. Leipsic, 18 E. S. E. Mersenburg. Lon. 12 18' E. Lat. 51 14' N. Pop. 1,400. Zwetl, t. Austria, 26 m. W. N. W. Crems, 56 W. N. W. Vienna. Lon. 15 7' E. Lat. 48 33' N. Zwickau, t. Saxony, in Erzgebirg, on the Mul- da, with a citadel, three churches, and a Latin school, in which is a good library, 38 m. S. S. E. Leipsic, 40 S. E. Naumburg. Lon. 12 s 25' E. Lat. 50 39' N.' Pop. 5,600. Zwingenberg, t. Hesse Darmstadt, on the Berg- strasse, 10 m. S. Darmstadt. Pop. 1,200. Zwitta, or Zwittawa, t. Moravia, 30 m. N. W. Olmutz, 84 E. Prague. Lon. 16 16' E. Lat. 49 43 / N. Pop. 2,740. Zwol, or Swol, t Netherlands, in Overissel, on the river Aa, between the Issel and the Vecht, strongly fortified. Its situation is very advanta- geous, on an eminence which commands the coun- try, and is the ordinary passage from Holland to the provinces of Friesland, Groningen, and Over- issel. 28 m. S. W. Covorden, 15 N. Deventer. Lon. 6 1' E. Lat. 52 32' N. Pop. 12,220. Zwornick, t. Bosnia, 68 m. S. W. Belgrade, 60 E. Serajo. Lon. 18 50' E. Lat. 44 37' N. Pop. 14,000. Zype, isl. of North Holland, formed by canal* cut from the Zuyder-Zee to the German Ocean. ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. Agamenticus, mt. Maine, in the town of York. Algoa bay See Delagoa. Apurimac, r. one of the sources of the Amazon, joins the Beni near lat. 10 S. to form the Ucayale. Arkansas river, line 9th and 10th, instead of ' The upper part of its course is,' read * Here it at first flows.' Same article, 5th line from the end, dele the words * and might it is said ascend as much far- ther' Ashudnt, r. N. H. which runs into the Connec- ticut at Hinsdale. Brainerd, line 5th, instead of S. E. read N. W. line 6th, for N. W. read S. E. and for N. E. read S. W. Clyde, flourishing p-v. in Galen, N. Y. on the canal, 14 m. N. Waterloo. Concord, N. H. line 10th, for 1813 read 1823. Fall river, p-v. Troy, Bristol co. Mass, on both sides of Fall river, at its mouth. The river falls 140 feet within the course of 100 rods, affording fine mill seats. There is a sloop navigation to the falls. At this place are erected iron works, 3 grist mills, 3 saw mills, 4 cotton factories, and a large cotton and woollen factory. The village contains 2 churches, 1 for Congregationalists, and 1 for Bap- tists. Pop. about 1,000. Fort Royal, Jamaica, dele this article. Fort Wayne. The Baptist mission still remains here ; a branch only is established in Michigan. Machias, town, line 5th, for * west' read 4 n^st' line 6th, for 'east' read ' west' line 10th and llth, for ' Congregational church and 2 academies,' read ' 2 Congregational churches and an acade- my' line 1 1th and 12th, for thi? town' read < the eastern village.' Dele the words, ' Its funds' to 1 recently established.' Also, line 22d, the words, It went into operation in 1823.' APPENDIX. MONEY TABLE. Value, of coin used in common calculations. Dls.Cts. -A Florin of Germany ... 0.40.74 Austria ... 0.48.14 Rix Dollar of Prussia - - - 0.74.11 Guinea of England - - 4.66.66 Pound Sterling .... 4.44.44 Rix Dollar of Denmark - - 1.05.55 Piaster of Spain .... 0.98.14 Florin of Holland - - 0.40.74 Lire of Italy - - - 0.15.74 ScudiofRome - -' - - 1.01.86 Ducat of Naples .... 0.79.62 Ruble of Russia .... 0.75 Rix Dollar of Sweden - - - 1.07.4 MEASURES. TABLE I. Miles of different countries compared with the English statute mile. Eng. mile. German - - - 4.62 or 15 to a deg. Swedish - - - 6.65 - 10.41 French myriametre, - 6.23 - 111 Italian - 1.16-60 Arabian - 1.22 - 56 Turkish - - 1.04 - 66.67 Dutch 3.65 - 19 Spanish and Polish 3.41 - 20 Danish - 4.69 - 14.T9 Old French league 2.77 - 25 En? and French marine league 3.46 - 20 Irish - - - 1-25 - 54i English geographical mile - 1.16-60 Scotch 1.39 - 49| Hungarian - - - 5.78 - 12 English statute mile - 1. 69.36 TABLE II. Scripture Long Measures. A digit A palm = 4 digits A span = 3 pal ma A cubit = 2 spans A fathom = 4 cubits Ezekiel's rod Arabian pole Scoenus or measuring line Eng. feet, xnch.dec. 0.912 3.648 10.944 1 9.888 7 3.552 10 11.328 14 7.104 - 145 1.104 TABLE III. Grecian long measures reduced to English. Eng. ydt. feet. inch. dec. A digit 0.7554 Adoron=4digits - 3.0218 Alichas -.- 7.5546 An orthordoron - Aspithame - 9.0656 105 A pous A pygme A pygon A pecus A pace or orgya A stadium A mile Eng . yds . feet inch . dec* 1 0.0875 1 1.5984 - 1 3.1094 1 6.1312 . 6 0.525 201 1 7.78 - 1612 1 2.24 The stadium was of different lengths in differ- ent places. TABLE IV. Jewish Long or Itinerary measures. Eng, miles, paces, feet. dec. A cubit ... 1.824 A stadium - - - 145 4.6 A Sab. day'sjourney - 729 3.0 Eastern mile 1 403 1.0 Parasang 4 153 3.0 A day'sjourney - 33 172 4.0 TABLE V. Roman long measures reduced to Eng- lish. Eng. paces, feet. inch. dec. Digitus transversus 0.725 Uncia or inch - 0.967 Palma minor 2.901 Pesorfoot .-00 11.604 Palrnipes ... 1 2.505 Cubitus ... 1 5.406 Gradus 2 5.01 Passus ... 4 10.02 Stadium 120 4 4.5 Milliare - 967 TABLE VI. Proportions of the long Measures of several nations to the English Foot, taken from Messrs. Greaves, Auzout, Picard, and Eisen- schmid. The English standard foot being divided into 1000 equal parts, the other measures will have the- proportions to it which follow : Feet. Inches. Euglishfoot - - - 1000 12 Paris foot .... 106'3 12.816 Venetian foot - - - 1162 13.944 Rhinlandfoot - - - 1033 12.396 Strasburg foot - - - U->2 11.424 Norimbergfoot - - - 1000 Dantzicfoot - - 944 Danish foot - - - 104* Swedish foot - - - 977 J 11.733 Derahor cubit of Cairo 1824 2 MH8 Persian arish - - - 3197 3.^64 Great Turkish pike - - 2200 26.4 Lesser Turkish pike - - 2131 25.572 Braccio at Florence - - 1913 22.956 Braccio for woollen at Sienna - 1242 14.904 Braccio for linen at Sienna - 1974 23.688 anna at Naples - - - 6880 82.56 Vera at Almeria and Gibraltar Palmo di Archtetti at Rome 7320 87.84 12 11.328 834 APPENDIX MEASURES. Feet. Inches. Galls. Pis. Sol inch. Fanna di Archtctti - - 7320 87.84 A cab 1 3* 0.844 Palmo di bracchio di mercantia 695$ 8.346 A hin . . 1 2 2.533 Genoa palm - - 815 9.78 A seah . . 2 4 5.067 Bolognian foot - 1250 15 A bath or epha 7 4 15.2 Antwerp ell - - - 2283 27.396 A coron or chomer 75 5 7.62f> Amsterdam ell - - - 2268 27.216 Leydenell .... 2260 27.12 TABLE XII. Roman square measure. Paris draper sell - - - 3929 47.148 Paris mercer's ell - - 3937 47.244 As feet Eng. 28,800 roods, poles. 2 18 /fee/. 250 Deunx 26,400 2 10 183 TABLE VII. Attic Dry measures reduced to Eng- lish. Dextrans Dodrans - 24,000 21,600 2 2 1 34 117 51 Peeks. Gall. Pis. Sol. inch. Bes 19,200 1 25 257 Cochliarion .-000 0.276 Cyathus - 000 2.763 Oxybaphon - 000 4.144 Cotylus 16.579 Xestes - - 33.158 Septunx Semis - Quincunx - Triens - Quadrans - - 16,800 14,400 - 12,000 9,600 7,200 1 17 1 9 1 1 32 24 191 125 58 264 198 Choenix 1 15.705 Sextans 4,800 16 132 Medimnus 4 6 3.501 Uncia 2,400 8 66 TABLE VIII. Attic reduced to English wine meas- ures. TABLE XIII. Roman dry measure reduced to English. Gall. Pts. Sol Inch. peck. gal. pints, solinch. A Cochliarion y |_ 0.0356 A iiguia TV 0.01 ACheme ... ^ 0.712 A cyathus An acetabulum - ? 0.04 0.06 A Myston - - - _i 0.0892 A hemina i 0'.24 A Concha - - - __ 0.1785 A sextarius 1 0.48 A Cyathus - - - _i_ 0.3565 An Oxybathon 0.5354 A semid A modius 1 1 3.84 7.68 A Cotylus ... & 2.1415 An Xestes ... 1 4.2830 A Chous - 06 25.698 A Metretes, or amphora 10 2 19.626 TABLE XIV. English 3 barley corns - 1 12 inches - 1 3 feet - - - 1 Long Measure inch foot yard TABLE IX. Roman reduced to English wine 5i yards 40 , rods or perches - - 1 pole, perch, or roc! furlong measure. 8 furlongs . - 1 mile Galls. Pts. Sol. inch 6 feet - - ] [ fathom Aliguk ? V 0.117 Acythus T V 0.469 TABLE XV. English Square Measure. An acetabulum % 0.70^ Inches* A quartarius 1 .409 A hemina - - 2.818 144 Feel A sextarius 1 5.636 Acongius - 07 4.942 1296 9 -Yards An urna 3 4 5.33 An amphora - - 1 10.66 39204 272$; 30$ Poles A culeus - - 143 3 11 095 1568160 10890 11210 4C ) Roods TABLE X. Jewish Dry Measure reduced to Eng- lish. 6272640 43560 14840 16C > 4 \Acret Pecks. Galls. Pts. Sol. inch. A gachal H 0.031 TABLE XVI. English Dry Measure A cab 02| 0.073 Solid In. Agomor '0 5 T V 1.211 A seah 1 01 4.036 34 T J 2 Pint Anepha 303 12.107 Aletteeh - - 16 00 26.500 272$ 8 Gallon. A chomer or coron 32 01 18.969 544i 16 2 Peck TABLE XI. Jewish reduced to English wine meas- ure. 2178 64 8 4 Bushel Galls. Pts. Sol. inch. 256 32 16 4 -Coon i Acaph 0.177 . A log - - - 'I- 0.211 5120 640 | 320 80 'IfTi /,,: APPENDIX. WEIGHTS. 835 TABLE XVII. English Wine Measure. 28.875 Pint Gallon Barrel Tierce 231 8 7276.5 252 31i 9702 336 42 li 14553 504 63 2 H Hhds. 19404 672 84 | 28 TABLE XVIII. English ale and beer measure. .Solid In. 35.25 Pint Gallon Firkin 282 2538 8 72 9 10152 288 36 4 Barrel 15228 432 54 6 U Hhds. 30456 864 108 12 3 | 2 | TABLE XIX. French measures on the old system. An inch or pouce is 1.06578 English inches. Afoot - - 12.78933 do. do. A sonde - - 63.9967 or 5 French feet. A toise or fathom 76.7360 or 6 do. do. A perche - - 230.2080 or 18 do. do. A league - - 2282 toises. A square inch - 1.13582 English sq. inch. An arpent - - 100 square perches, about, f acre English. TABLE XX. French measures on the new system. , 1. Measures of Length. Eng. inch. Millimetre .03937 Centimetre .39371 Decimetre 3.93710 Metre 39.37100 or 3.281 feet. Decametre 393.71000 or 10 yards, 2 feet, 9.7 inches. Hecatometre 3937.10000 or 100 yards,! foot,l in. Chiliometre 39371.00000 or 4 furlongs, 213 yds. 1 foot, 10.2 inches. Myriometre 3937 10. 00000 or 6 miles, 1 furlong, 136 yards, 6 inches. 2. Superficial or square measures. Eng. sq. yards. Are, a square decanvetre 119.6046 Decare - - - 1196.0460 Hccatare - - 11960.4600 or 2 acres, 1 rood, 35.4 perches. 3. Measures of capacity. F>ng. cubic inch. Millilitre .06103 Centilitre - - - .61028 Mp.-ilitre .. - 6.10280 Eng. cubic inch. Litre, a cubic decimetre 61.02800 or 2.113 wine pints. Decalitre - -- 610.28000 or 2.64 wine gallons. Hecatolitre - 6102.80000 or 26.4 wine gallons. The standard of measure according to the new French system, is a meridional circle of the earth, which for this purpose has been accurately ascer- tained by men of science. The whole circle is divided into 40 million parts, or the quadrant into 10 million parts, one of which is the unity of length called a metre. In order to express deci- mal proportions in this new system, the following terms have been adopted. The term Deca pre- fixed denotes 10 times ; Heca, 100 times ; Cfiilo, 1,000 times ; and Myrio, 10,000 times. On the other hand, Deci expresses the 10th part ; Centi, the 100th part ; and Milli, the 1,000th part : so that Decametre signifies 10 metres ; and Decime- tre, the 10th part of a metre, &c. The Metre is the element of long measures; Are, that of square measures ; the Litre is the element of all meas- ures of capacity. ; and the Gramme, which is the weight of a cubic centimetre of distilled water, is the element for all weights. For bulky articles, like wood, the stcre is the unity of measure. It is equal to a cubic metre, containing 35.3171 cubic feet English. WEIGHTS. TABLE I. Jewish weights reduced to English Troy weights. Ib. oz. pwt. gr. Sheckel ... 9 2-f Maneh 2 3 6 lOf Talent 113 10 1 lOf TABLE II. Grecian and Roman weights reduced to English Troy weight. Ib. OS. pwt. gr. Lentes T 8 T \ Siliquae - - - 3^, Obolus S^a Scriptulum - - - 18 T 3 ? Drachma - - - 00 2 6 T 9 T Sextula ---0030-| Sicilius - - - 00 4 13f Duella - - - 6 1*. Uncia ^ - - 18 5-} Libra - - - - 10 18 13$ TABLE III. Of Troy weight. As used by Goldsmiths. 24 grains, gr. - 1 pennyweight, dwt. 20 dwt. - - - 1 ounce, oz. 12 oz. - - 1 pound, Ib. As used by Apothecaries. 20 grain* ... 1 scruple, 3 33 .... l dram, 3 83- - - - 1 ounce, 12 pound , Z , Jfc 836 APPENDIX. WEIGHTS. TABLE IV. Of Diamond Weight. Diamonds and other precious stones are weigh- ed by carats, the carat weighing 3j grains troy. D iamond weigh t. Troy weight. 16 parts = 1 grain = 0^ grain. 4 grains = 1 caret = :ij grain?. TABLE V. Of Avoirdupois weight. Ounce 16 256 16 Pound Quar. Htmd. 7168 448 28 28762 1792 112 4 573440 |35840 2240 80 20 | \To 144 lb. avoirdupois 192 oz. do. TABLE VI. 175 lb. troy. 175 02. troy. New French weights reduced to Troy weight. The elements of all French weights is the Gram- me, which is the weight of a cubic centimeter of distilled water,and is equal to 15.4441 grains troy. grains, dec. A milligramme is A centigramme A decigramme A gramme ... A decagramme A hectogramme A chilogramme A myringramme 0.0154 - 0.1544 1.5444 15.4441 154.441 &c. 1544.41 &c. 15444.1 &c. 154441. &c. TABULAR VIEWS OF THE UNITED STATES. GEJVERAL TABLE. Showing the extent, population, number of militia, manufactures, and value of houses and lands in each of the United States, and the number of representatives in Congress to which each State is entitled. States. Extent in sq. miles Popula- tio nin 1820. Militia in 1821. Manufac- tures in 1810. Value of houses anc lands in 1799. Value of hou ses and lands in 1814-15. Representa- tives. No. Dollars. Dollars. Dollars. 1. Maine - 31,750 298,335 30,990 3,741,116 _ _ r 2. New-Hampshire 9,491 244,161 27,012 5,225,045 23,175,046 3^,745,974 6 3. Vermont - 10,212 236,764 20,781 5,407,280 16,723,873 32,461,120 5 4. Massachusetts 7,250 523,287 48,140 21,K95,528 *83,992,468 * 143, 765,560 13 5. Rhode-Island 1,580 83,059 8,665 4,106,074 11,066,357 20,907,766 c 6. Connecticut - 4,764 275,248 22,100 7,771,928 48,313,424 88,534,971 6 7. New- York 46,000 1,372.812121,553 25,370,286 100,380,706 269,370,900 34 8. New-Jersey - 8,320 277,575 35,240 7,054,594 36,473,899 95,899,333 6 9. Pennsylvania 46,000 1,049,398 115,231 33,691,111 102,145,900 346,633,889 26 10. Delaware 2,120 72,749 7,451 1,733,744 6,234,413 13,449,370 1 11. Maryland - 13,959 407,350 32,189 11,468,794 32,372,290 106,496,638 9 12. Virginia 64,000 1,065,366 88,915 15,263,473 71,225,127 165,608,199 22 13. North Carolina - 48,000 638,829 46,782 6,653,152 30,842,372 51,517,031 13 14. South Carolina 24,000 490.309 23,729 3,623,595 17,465,012 74,325,262 9 15. Georgia ... 60,000 340,989 29,661 3,658,481 12,061,137 31,487,658 7 16. Alabama 44,000 127,901 11,281 f A 1 f\ A*?O - 2 17. .Mississippi - - - 45,000 75,448 5,292 > 41 9,07 J _ 1 18. Louisiana 48,000 153,407 10,257 1,222,357 . . 3 19. Tennessee - 40,000 422,813 36,146 3,611,029 6,134,108 24,243,750 9 20. Kentucky 42,000 564,317 51,052 6,181,024 21,408,090 66,878,587 12 21. Ohio 39,000 581,434 83,247 2,894,290 61,347,215 14 22. Indiana 36,000 147,178 14,990 300,000 . . 3 23. Illinois ... 52,000 55,211 2,031 120,000 _ . 1 24. Missouri 60,000 66,586 12,030 200,000 _ . 1 Columbia District 100 33,039 _ 1,100,000 . . Michigan Territory 40,000 8,896 1,707 50,000 . . Northwest " ) . . . _ . Arkansas " r Missouri " f ,000,000 14,273 - - - - - Oregon " ) _ . . . . Florida 50,000 15,000 - - - - - Total United States 9,625,734 899,541 172,762,676 619,977,247 1,631,657,224 212 Including Maine' APPENDIX POPULATION TABLES, 837 TABLE I. Showing the total population of each of the United States according to the enumerations of 1790, 1800, 1810 and 1820, with the increase and rate of increase between those periods. Population. Increase Rate of increase. States. from 1790 1790- 1800- 1810- In 1790 | In 1800 In 1810 In 1820. to 1820. 1800 1810 1820 per c. per c. per c. Maine - 96,540 151,719 228,705 298,335 201,795 57.2 50.7 30.4 New-Hampshire Vermont - 141,885 85,539 183,858 214,460 154,465 217,895 244,161 235,764 102,276 150,225 29.6 80.5 16.6 41.0 13.8 8.2 Massachusetts 378,787 422,845 472.040 523,287 144,500 11.5 11.6 10.9 Rhode-Island - 68,825 69,122 76,a>J 83,059 14,234 0.4 11.4 8.0 Connecticut 237,946 251,0t>2 261.942 275,248 37,202 5.5 4.3 5.1 New- York 340,120 586,050 959^049 1,372,812 1,032,692 72.0 63.6 43.1 New-Jersey - 184,139 211,140 245,562 277,575 93,436 14.3 16.3 13.0 Pennsylvania - 437,373 602,5 8 810,091 1,049,398 615,025 38.6 34.4 29.5 Delaware - 59,094 64,273 72,674 72,749 13,645 8.7 13.0 0.1 Maryland - 319,728 349,692 380,546 407,350 87,622 6.8 11.4 7.0 Virginia - 747,610 886,149 974,622 1,065,366 317,756 17.6 10.7 9.3 North Carolina 393 ,751 478,103 555,500 638,829 24:-,078 21.4 16.2 11.4 South Carolina 240,073 343,591 415,115 490,309 250,236 38.6 20.1 18.1 Georgia - - - 82,548 162,686 252,433 340,989 258,441 97.0 55.1 35.1 Alabama > Mississippi $ ~ 8,850 31,502 127,901 75,448 ~ * 356.0 545.0 Louisiana - - _ 67,5*6 153,407 - - - 100 Tennessee 35,691 105,602 26 1 ,727 422,813 387,122 196.0 147.8 61 Kentucky - 73,677 220,959 406,511 564,317 490,640 200.0 83.9 39 Ohio .... 3,000 45,365 230,760 581,434 578,434 1400 408 152 [ndiana - . _ 4,875 24,520 147,178 - . - 408 500 Ellinois - - . 215 12,282 55,211 - - 560.9 351 Missouri ... - - _ 19,783 66,586 - - - - 236 Arkansas Territory - . - . _ 1,062 14,273 - - - 124.4 Michigan do. - - 551 4,762 8,896 - - - 764.2 88 Columbia District - - 14,093 24,023 33,039 - - - 70.0 37.6 Total 3,929,328 5,306,035 7,239,903 9,625,73415,696,4061 35.1 34.6 32.9 TABLE II. Showing the number of whites and the number of blacks in the several states at each of the four national enumerations. States. Whites. Blacks. 1790 1800 1810 1820 1790 1800 1810 1820 .Vlaine, 96,002 150,901 227,736 297,340 538 818 969 929 New-Hampshire 141,097 182,995 213,490 243,236 788 860 970 786 Vermont 85,298 153,908 217,145 234,846 271 557 750 918 Massachusetts 373,324 416,393 465.303 516,419 5,463 fi,452 6,737 6,740 Rhode-Island 64,470 65,438 73,214 79,413 4,355 3,684 3,717 3,602 Connecticut - 232,374 244,751 255 J 79 267,181 5,572 6,281 6,763 7,967 New-York 314,142 555,063 918,699 1,332,744 25,978 30,988 40,350 39,367 New-Jersey - 169,954 194,325 226,868 257,409 14,185 16,824 18,694 20,017 Pennsylvania 424,099 586,278 786,804 1,017,094 10,274 16,270 23,287 30,413 Delaware 46,308 49,852 55,361 55,282 12,786 14,421 17,317 17,467 Maryland '- 208,649 221,998 235,117 260,222 111,079 125,222 145,429 147,128 Virginia 442,117 518,674 551,534 603,008 305,493 365,920 423,088 462,042 North Carolina - 288,204 337,864 376,410 419,200 105,547 140,339 179,090 219,629 South Carolina 131,178 196,259 214,196 231,812 108,895 149,336 200,919 258,497 Georgia 52,886 101,068 145,414 189,566 29,662 60,423 107,019 151,439 Alabama Mississippi : j 5,179 23,024 85,451 42,176 : j 3,671 17,238 42,450 33,272 Louisiana - _ _ 34,311 73,383 . . 42,245 79,540 Tennessee 31,913 91,709 215,875 339,727 3,778 13,893 45,852 82,826 Kentucky - 61,133 179,875 324,237 434,644 12,544 41,084 82,274 129,491 Ohio 3,000 45,02 228,861 576,572 . . 337 1,899 4,723 Indiana . 4,577 23,890 145,758 . . 298 630 1,420 Illinois - . 208 11,501 53,788 _ . 7 781 1,374 Missouri _ * 17,227 56,018 _ _ _ . *3,618 10,569 Michigan Territory . 534 4,618 8,591 . . 17 144 174 Arkansas Territory . . . . 12,582 1,676 Columbia District - - 10,066 16,079 22,614 - - 4,023 7,944 10,425 Total 3,172,120 4,304,306 5,862,093 7,856,269 757,208 1,001,729 1,377,810 1,764,836 Including Arkansas Territory. 838 APPENDIX. POPULATION TABLED TABLE III. fhowing the rate of increase of the white and of the black population iu each state, be- tween the several national enumerations. States. Ten years from 1790 to 1810. Ten years from 1800 to 1810. Ten years from 1810 to 1820. Thirty years from 1790 to 1820. Whites Blacks Whites, Blacks Whites Blacks Whites Biacks per c. !per c. per c. per c. per c. per c. per c. per c. Maine - 57.2 52.0 50.9 18.4 30.5 4.2 209.6 72.7 New- Hampshire ... 29.6 9.1 16.6 12.7 13.9 18.1 72.4 00 Vermont 80.5 105.5 41.1 34.6 8.1 24.0 175.51 238.0 Massachusetts - - - - 11.4 18.0 11.7 4.4 10.9 0.5 38.3 23.5 Rhode-Island - - - - Connecticut - 1.5 13.0 5.3 12.7 11.8 4.3 0.9 7.6 8.4 4.7 3.1 17.9 23.2-17.5 14.9 43.5 New-York 76.7 19.2 65.5 30.2 45.0 2.4 324.0| 51.3 New-Jersey - 14.4 11.5 16.7 11.1 13.5 7.1 51.5) 41.3 Pennsylvania - - - - 38.2 58.6 34.3 43.1 29.4 30.7 140.0 197.0 Delaware - 7.6 13.5 11.0 20.0 -0.0 .8 19.3 36.8 Maryland - 3.6 12.8 8.0 16.1 11.1 1.1 24.7 32.5 Virginia .... 16.3 19.4 7.2 15.8 9.3 9.2 36.4 51.2 jNorth Carolina - |South Carolina 17.0 40.0 33.0 37.0 11.4 9.1 27.6 34.5 11.3 8.2 22.6 28.6 45.4 76.7 108.0 136.0 Georgia - 93.6 103.7 42.2 77.1 30.3 41.5 258.0 411.0 iAlabcuna - ... i Mississippi ----- -~ . ~ | 344.5 372.0 454.8 340.0 ~ \ - - Louisiana . - - lion oo q _ jTennessee - 187.3 267.7 135.4 230.0 1 lt>.*7 57.4 OO. J 80.7 965.0 2136.0 (Kentucky 194.2 227.5J 80.2 100.2 37.1 57.4 611.0 935.0 Ohio _- . . . 408.2 463.0 i 152.0 157.0 19000 - - fndiana - illlinois ----- , . j . - 421.9 211.4 512.0 131.6 - - Missouri - - Michigan-Territory - _ . ''Columbia District 863.0 40.8 20.0 31.4 - - - - - - - - 764.8 60.7 747.0 97.2 Total j i 35.6! 32.4 35.0 32.8 34.0 28.0 147.6 133.0 * Including Arkansas Territory. TABLE IV. Containing the number of Free Slacks, and the number of Slaves in each of the United States, according to the enumerations in 1790, 1800, 1810 and 1820. Free Blacks. Slaves. States. m in in in in in in in 1790. 1800. 1810. 1820. 1790. 1800. 1810. 1820. Maine, ... 538 818 969 929 IN one None None None New-Hampshire, 630 852 970 786 158 8 None None Vermont, - 255 557 750 3,554 16 None None None Massachusetts, 5,463 4,352 6,737 7,870 None None None None ihode Island, 3,407 3,304 3,609 918 948 380 108 48 Connecticut, 2,808 5,330 6,453 6,740 2,764 951 310 97 New-York, 4,6 -> 4 10,374 25,333 29,279 21,324 20,614 15,017 10,088 New-Jersey, 2,762 4,402 7,843 12,460 11,423 12,422 10,851 7,557 f'ennsylvania, 6,537 14,564 22,482 30,202 3,737 1,706 795 211 Delaware, 3,899 8,268 13,136 12,958 8,887 6,153 4,177 4,509 Maryland, - - - 8,043 19,587 33,927 39,730 103,036 105,635 111,502 107,398 Virginia, 12,866 20,124 30,570 36,889 292,627 345,796 392,518 425,153 North Carolina, - 4,975 7,043 10,266 14,612 100,572 133,296 168,824 205,017 South Carolina, 1,801 3,185 4,554 6,714 107,094 146,151 196',365 251,783 Georgia, ... 398 1,019 1,801 1,763 29,264 59,404 105,218 149,676 Alabama, ) Mis-iis.sippi, $ - - 182 240 571 458 - - 3,489 '17,088 41,879 32,814 Louisiana, . - 7,585 10,476 - 34,660 69,064 Tennessee, - 361 309 1,317 2,729 3,417 13,584 44,535 80,097 Kentucky, 114 741 1,713 2,759 12,430 40,343 80,561 126,732 Ohio, ... _ 337 , 1,89'J 4,723 - None None None Indiana, . 163 393 1,230 . 135 237 190 Illinois, ... . . c 613 457 - 2 168 917 Missouri, ) cc\n 347 O Al i 10,222 Arkansas Territory, $| " " Wi 69 * " " " 0,U J 1 1,617 Michigan Territory, . . 14 120 174 - . 3 24 None Dfstrict Columbia, - - 783 2,540 4,048 " 3,244 5,395 6,377 Total in the U. States. \ 59,5 1 1 108,413 186,446 233,400 6U7,697l893,3l6j 1,191,364 1,531,436 APPENDIX. POPULATION TABLES. 839 TABLE V. Showing the proportion of the sexes in the free white population of each state, in 1790, 1800, 1810 and 1820 ; and in the slave and free colored population in 1820. Number of Females to every 100 Males. States. Whites. Slaves. Free blacks. 1790.1 1800.1 1810. 1820. 1820. 1820. 95.39 98.90 90.48 04.07 02.66 02.19 94.12 96.11 99.77 93.55 94.53 94.70 95.40 91.11 94.81 89.78 96.27 100.52 94.01 102.92 105.46 101.92! 93.53 96.91 94.36 99.14 95.50 96.19 96.77 94.47 89.48 94.58 92.08 84.30 77.93 80.87 62.31 97.15 101.44 97.49 102.53 104.83 101.92 93.68 96.64 95.93 97.67 95.63 96.94 99.01 95.45 91.72 81.15 93.15 92.07 91.27 90.00 80.25 62.80 99.36 104.05 100.20 104.83 106.53 104.26 96.12 98.63 96.87 98.12 97.55 97.87 99.92 96.41 92.64 86.48 81.42 77.65 95.92 93.85 91.80 90.22 82.94 80.70 59.5 80.4 102.4 None None None None 66.66 62.16 02.24 89.44 48.23 76.51 90.65 94.81 92.89 98.08 97.18 92.16 95.02 89.03 101.66 95.16 None 93.87 67.33 91.53 None 97.19 112.07 112.25 111.02 109.58 103.75 123.81 103.72 118.06 94.20 104.04 100.32 112.21 106.99 97.65 106.94 107.16 79.56 91.63 131.00 81.57 84.79 92.46 88.37 92.72 86.56 65.71 31.81 134.50 Rhode-Island, Connecticut, - Maryland, ------ Virginia, North Carolina, - jGeorgia, Mississippi, - - * - Louisiana, - - . Tennessee, __---- Kentucky, ------ Missouri, Michigan Territory, Arkansas Territory, - 89.64 96.U 97.65 Total, 96.3!; 96.17 97.2 95.18 107.09 TABLE VI. Showing what proportion of the free white population were under 10 years of age ; be- tween 10 and 16 ; 16 and 26, &c. according to the census of 1820. I States. Free White Males. Free White Females, , d& o3 ce 11 E3 >, 1~ !l Of 16 and under 26. Of 26 and under 45. Of 45 and i upwards. Under ten yrs. of age. Of 10 and under 16. Of 16 and under 26. Of 26 and under 45. Of 45 and upward?. Maine, b.oo 8.25 9.60 9.33 6.55 15.67 8.0b 10.36 9.50 6.33 j New-Hampshire, 4.58 8.08 9.33 9.40 7.55 14.19 7.75 10.17 10.57 8.19 Massachusetts, 3.75 7.46 9.58 0.54 7.48 13.41 7.42 10.22 11.17! 8.94 j Rhode Island, - 14.53 7.38 9.56 9.59 7.41 13.74 7.26 10.58 10.92 9.01 'Connecticut, 13.79) 7.74 9.67 9.59 8.16 13.21 7.42 10.18 10.84 9.35 Vermont, 15.20 8.19 10.27 9.38 6.89 15.04 7.91 10.52 10.08 6.48 New -York, - 16.70 7.82 9.96 10.40 6.09 16.24 7.64 9.93 9.74 5.43 New-Jersey, 16.34 7.75 9.57 9.51 7.20 15.51 7.57 9.98 9.72 7.00 ,'ennsylvania, 17.24 7.57 10.08 9.54 6.33 16.48 7.71 9.97 9.27 5.85 )elaware, 17.37 8.52 10.75 10.72 6.25 16.58 8.25 10.67 10.67 6.32 Maryland, - 15.95 7.28 10.H 10.73 6.52 15.16 7.52 10.45 10.12 6.09 Virginia, 17.22 7.58 9.75 9.61 6.33 16.32 7.58 1034 9.27 5.91 North Carolina, 18.00 7.85 9.43 8.65 6.07 16.93 7.89 10.79 9,08 5.99 South Carolina, 17.99 7.68 10.07 9.30 5.86 16.80 7.89 10.00 8.80 5.68 Georgia, 18.60 7.73 10.22 9.3f 5.70 17.42 7.84 9.78 8.06 4.74 Alabama, 19.56 7.18 10.68 10.36 4.65 18.09 7.19 9.14 7.58 3.31 Mississippi, - 19.25 7.63 10.8'. 12.13 5.37 17.15 7.54 9.CK 7.37 3.79 Louisiana, 16.26 6.42 11.92 15.30 6.58 15.09 7.48 9.15 7/?6 4.23 Tennessee, - - - 19.93 8.38 9.13 8.04 5.52 18.66 8.17 9.28 8.23 4.6C Kentucky, ... 19.11 8.28 9.51 8.76 5.76 17.63 8.08 9.64 8.16 4.76 Ohio, 19.37 7.95 9.89 94. 5.49 18.39 7.65 9.25 8.46 4.11 Indiana, 20.34 7.86 9.90 9.59 4.85 19.00 7.35 9.3f 8.24 3.47 Illinois, 19.65 7.87 13.45 107 4.91 17.79 7.47 9.0 7.76 3.36 M issouri, 19.06 7.60 11.67 1 1 .8' 5.19 17.44 7.10 9.06 7.61 3.39 Michigan Territory, 14.35 6.57 15.22 18.36 7.16 13.29 6.17 8.14 7.00 3.13 Arkansas "L r-rritory, 19.20 7.88 11.41 11.621 5 48 17.13 7.20 94: 7.47 3.41 'MciD Strict, - 14.49 6.81 9.59 It80|5.71 1 14.68 7.26 U.l^ 11.57 5.97 Total, 17.111 7.79 9.62 9.74| 6.^y 16.28 7.70 9.93 9.37 5.b' 840 TABLE VII. APPENDIX POPULATION TABLES, ABLE VII. Showing the population of the six largest cities in the United States in 1820 and distin- guishing the number of whites, slaves and free blacks, together with the males and females in each class. Cities. Whites. Slaves. Free blacks Total. Males. Femalfs Males. Females. Males Females. Boston, - 20,114 21,450 None None 759 931 12.34 9.92 11.64 4.59 7.11 Total Blacks, 22.10 12.82 10.56 5.35 4). 90 13.05 10.15 5.05 TABLE XII. Comparing the ages of the white and black population of the United State*. Classes. Males. Females. Under 26. 3 ! to si LO ^ Tf 1 j rC _o fa J 1C ^ 2 Whites, - - Blacks, 34.52 34.92 9.74 10.56 6.29 5.35 33.91 33.95 9,37 10.15 5.88 5.05 l TABLE XIII. Showing the number of persons engaged in Agriculture, Commerce, and Manufactures, and also the number of foreigners not naturalized in each of the United States ; together with the proportion which each class forms of the whole population. Persons engaged in Foreigners, not , -i States. Agriculture. Commerce. Manufactures. naturalized. Propor- Propor- Num- Propor- JN um- Propor- Number. tion. Number. tion. ber. tion. ber. tion. Maine, ... 55,031 18.5 4,297 1.5 7,043 2.5 1,680 .5 New- Hampshire, 52,384 21.4 1,063 .4 8,699 3.5 124 .05 Massachusetts, 63,460 12.1 13,301 2.5 33,464 6.4 3,425 .6 :lhode Island, 12,559 15.1 1,162 1.4 6,091 7.3 237 .28 Connecticut, 50,518 18.4 3,581 1.3 17,541 6.4 568 .2 Vermont, 50,951 21.6 776 .3 8,484 3.6 935 .4 New-York, 247,648 18.0 9,113 .66 60,038 4.3 15,101 1.1 New Jersey, 40,812 14.4 1,830 .66 15,941 5.7 1,529 .6 Pennsylvania, 140,801 13.4 7,083 .67 60,215 5.7 10,728 1.0 Delaware, 13,259 18.2 533 .73 2,821 4.0 331 .4 Maryland, 79,135 19.4 4,771 1.2 18,640 4.5 3,776 .9 Virginia, 276,422 25.9 4,509 .4 32,336 3.0 2,142 .2 Vorth Carolina, 174,196 27.3 2,551 .4 11,844 1.8 415 '.06 South Carolina, 161,560 32.9 2,588 .5 6,488 1.3 1,205 .2 Georgia, 101,185 29.6 2,139 .6 3,557 1.0 453 .1 Alabama, 30,642 24.0 452 .3 1,412 1.1 162 .1 Mississippi, 22,033 29.2 294 .4 650 .9 181 .2 Louisiana, 53,941 35.1 6,251 4.1 6,041 4.0 3,145 2.0 Tennessee, 101,919 24.1 882 .2 7,860 1.8 312 .07 Kentucky, 132,161 23.4 1,617 .3 11,779 2.0 529 .1 Ohio, 110,991 19.0 1,409 .2 18,956 3.3 3,495 .6 Indiana, ... 31,074 21.1 429 .3 3,229 2.2 833 .5 Illinois, ... 12,395 22.5 233 .4 1,007 1.8 598 1.1 Mi--ouri, 14,247 21.4 495 .8 1,952 3.0 497 .8 Michigan Tcr. 1,468 16.6 392 4.4 196 2.0 656 7.5 Arkansas Ter. 3,613 25.4 79 .5 179 1.2 34 ,2 Columbia D. 853 2.6 512 1.6 2,184 6.6 564 1.7 Total, 2,065,499 21.4 72,397 .75 349,247 3.5 53,655 .55 106 842 APPENDSCOMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES. COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES. TABLE I. Showing the quantities of the principal articles exported from the United Stales annually during specified periods. 3 H S3 fc. *j t~ *-* IU +2 |* >-> '** . f.&J's ^dS SJ| Articles exported. a '"" " 3 i -1 ^ *~ 3*s ,JoJ Beef - - - barrels 62,371 65,586 76,319 39,214 37,8P.9 66,887 Cotton - - - Ibs. 189,316 5,527,053 43,127,223 42,136,686185,649,328 124,893,405 Flour ... barrels 619,681 701,525 909,910 1,039,092 1,479,198 1,056,119 Fish, dried - - quintals 383,237 395,681 418,978 115,512 267,514 267,305 pickled - barrels 57,424 57,904 61,528 25,247 44,426 76,429 Flaxseed - bushels 409,444 316,413 257,095 220,115 222,594 264,310 Indian corn - - do. 1,713,241 1,316,155 1,107,964 1,451,920 387,454 607,277 Pork ... barrels 26,635 51,358 58,996 18,093 14,462 66,647 Rice ... tierces 73,329 108,230 84,663 91,622 79,296 88,221 Tobacco ... hogsheads 101,272 78,815 71,536 31,140 62,365 66,858 Tar ... barrels 51,044 53,165 67,107 58,753 37,120 C 7 1 i qc Pitch - - - do. 3,818 9,306 5,745 6,228 8,378 > i 1,1 yo Ro?-m ... do. 228 8,798 5,373 7,252 8,038 I 79213 Turpentine - do. 58,107 43,445 59,432 46,648 73,484 > I \3}+> iO Wheat - - bushels 1,018,339 423,755 409,467 115,365 96,407 - TABLE II. Showing the value of the produce exported from each of the United States for the year 1820, distinguishing the domestic from the foreign produce ; also the amount of shipping belonging to each state in 1815. States. Domestic produce. Pro- por- tion. Foreign produce. Pro- por- tion. Total produce. Pro- por- tion Shipping. Propor- tion. Dollars. per c. Dollars. per c. Dollars. per c. Tons. per c. Maine - 1,082,568 20.9 25,463 .14 1,608,031 1.59 * . . New-Hampshire - 223,082 .43 17,718 .10 240,800 .34 29,744 2.2 Vermont - - 395,869 .76 _ . . 395,869 .56 . . . Massachusetts 3,861,435 7.47 7,147,487 39.46 11,008,922 15.79 454,249 33.2 Rhode-Island 569,902 1.10 502,860 2.78 1,072,762 154 38,196 2-9 Connecticut 415,831 .80 6,101 .03 421,931 65 60,091 4.4 New- York 8,250,675 15.96 4,912,569 27.29 13,163,244 18.89 287,500 21.0 New-Jersey 20,531 .04 _ _ . 20,531 .03 31,200 2.3 Pennsylvania 2,948,879 5.70 2,794,670 15.52 5,743,549 8.24 99,558 7.7 Delaware - 89,948 .17 _ _ . 89,498 .13 9,590 .7 Maryland 4,681,598 9.58 1,927,766 10.70 6,609,364 9.48 153,208 11.2 Columbia District 1,156,468 2.24 48,447 .26 1,204,915 1.73 21,753 1.6 Virginia 4,549,137 8.80 8,820 .0.5 4,557,957 654 71,496 5.2 North Carolina - 807,944 1.56 375 .01 808,319 1.16 41,011 3.0 South Carolina 8,690,539 16.81 192,401 1.06 8,882,9JO 12.74 37,168 2.3 Georgia ... 6,525,013 12.62 69,610 .39 6,594,623 9.46 16,288 1.1 Ohio ... 2,218 .01 _ _ . 2,218 .01 419 . Louisiana ... 7,242,415 14.01 353,742 1.90 7,596,157 10.90 17,203 1.3 Mississippi 96.686 .18 _ 96,636 .14 145 _ Michigan Territory 73^408 .14 - . . 73,40 ,10 ; 59 - - Total U. S. 51,683,640 IOU..JO 18,008,029 100.00 69,691,669 100.00 1,368,127 100 * Included in Masaachusetts. APPENDIX. COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES. 843 TABLE III. Showing the estimated value of the domestic and foreign produce, exported from the United States to foreign countries during each year from 1790 to 1820. | YEARS. Domestic Foreign Total. YEARS Domestic Foreign Total. (For the year Produce. P'-oduce. For the year Produce. Produce. lending Sept. Dollars. Dollars. Dollars. ending Sept. Dollars. Dollars. Dollars. both, 1790 - 20,205,165 30th, 1806 41,253,727 60,283,236 101,536,963 1791 _ _ 19,012,041 1807 48,699,592 59,643,558 108,343,150 1792 _ _ 20,753,098 1808 9,433,546 12,997,414 22,430,960 1793 _ 26,109,572 1809 31,405,702 20,797,531 52,203,283 1794 _ _ 33,026,233 1810 42,366,675 24,391,295 66,757,970 1795 . _ 47,989,472 1811 45,294,043 16,022,790 61,316,833 179(1 40.764,097 26,300,000* 67,064,097 1812 30,032,109 8.495.127 38,527,236 1797 29,850,206 27,000,000* 56,850,206 1813 25,008, 152 2,847,845 27.855,997 1798 28,527,097 33,000,000* 61,527,097 1814 6,782,272 145,169 6,927,441 1799 53,142,522 45,523,000 78,665,522 1815 45,974,403 6,583,350 52,557,753 1800 31,840,903 39,130,877 70,971,780 1816 64.781,896 17,138,556 81,920,452 1801 47,473,204 46,642,721 94,115.925 1817 68,313,500 19,358,069 87,671,569 1802 36,708,189 35,774,971 72,483,160 1818 73,854,437 19,426,696 9X28 1,133 1803 42,^05,96 11 13,594,072 55,800,033 1819 50,976,838 19,165,683 70,142,521 1804 41,467,477136,231,597 77,699,074 1820 51,683,640 18,008,029 69,691,669 180542,387,002)53,179,019 95,566,021 Total 1,010,227,190 658,688,605 1.839,003.366 * These numbers are estimates. There was no discrimination made in the general accounts be- tween the value of domestic and foreign articles until the year 1802. FABLE IV. Destination of the Exports. Showing the annual value of the produce exported to each foreign country, calculated on the average often years, ending September 30th, 1812 ; also, the val- ue of the produce exported to each country in the year ending September 30th, 1820. Average Average Average ! annual va- c o annual va- a o annual va- c o Value of J Foreign countries. lue of Do- mestic pro- duce ex I 8 lue of For- eign pro- duce ex- i 2 lue of the whole pro- duce ex- 1 & the whole Prod uce exported I ported. AH ported. U ported. PL, in 1820. Dollnts. per ct. ' Dollars. per ct Dollars. per ct. Dollars pr.ct. Russia ... 307,717 0.82 1,919,303 3.33 1,327,020 1.95 1,382,321 '2.0 Prussia - 96,030 0.25 178,948 0.58 274,979 0.44 4,839 0.01 Sweden and Swedish W. In- dies 1,400,868 3.74 1,015,741 3.32 2,416,605 3.55 646,866 0.97 Danish dominions, including Norway ... 1,832,827 4.89 1,961,150 6.42 3,793,977 5.56 2,469,638 3.55 Holland and Dutch colonies 1,790,967 4.78 6,803,503 22.22 8,594,471 12.63 7,688,336 [1.03 British dominions 16,853,102 44.99 1,812,674 5.92 18,665,777 27.44 28,891,915 11.47 Germany - 736,552 1.96 1,695,506 5,54 2,432,059 3.57 2,591,275 3.7 French dominions 3,118,217 8.32 5,874,694 19.18 8,992.912 13.19 9,111,215 13.7 Spanish dominions 5,692,220 15.19 5,598,596 18.28 11,190,817 16.45 6,840,024 9.8 Portuguese dominions 4,154,999 11.09 696,284 2.97 4,851,283 7.13 1,325,751 1.9 Italy 152,968 0.40 1,881,681 6.15 2,034,649 2.99 *1,21 1,190 1.8 Trieste and Austrian ports on the Adriatic 14,380 0.03 216,504 0.70 230,885 0.33 587,582 .84 Turkey, Levant, and Egypt 15,431 0.04 260,701 0.84 276,132 0.40 1693,186 1.0 Cape of Good Hope f>0,l93 0.13 70,286 0.22 120,484 0.17 . China ... 193,430 0.51 139,63-1 0.45 333,065 0.48 1,479,701 2.1 Asia gerierolly 6,976 0.01 14,991 0.04 11,968 0.02 63,427 0.1 East Indies do. 128,135 0.34 351,189 1.11 479,324 0.70 ^ West Indies do. 1,123,275 2.99 390,057 1.27 1,513,332 2.22 2,508,956 3.6 Europe do. - 158,293 0.42 458,268 1.49 616,661 0.90 965,024 1.4 Africa do. 213,819 0.57 227.395 0.14 441,214 0.62 76,909 .11 South Seas 4,366 0.01 20,162 0.06 24,529 0.03 26,961 .04 North- West coast - 19,011 0.05 147,771 0.48 166,782 0.24 234,431 .34 Hayti _ - - - - 644,358 .92 Smith A mrrirn 24 1 , 1 9 .35 Barbary States - 93,287 0.24 179,743 0.58 273,031 0.40 4,671 .00 Total 37,454,583 100 30,563,563 100 68,018,147 100 69,691,669 100 * InclmHftg Mftlta, t Im-lii'lincr M'j'-lia invl Aden, 844 APPENDIXCOMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES. I CC " O C IT5 T- CO O> LO LO ooc 111 i GO 03 CC. GO O5 .: O - O LO O ss cT ' ^ ^ <" ^ Lf5 CO f III oo! as; O CC gsgg oo>ej.o sfs rH r- CD t- li S% GO t- GO CC f-c .^ CO . u ' ^ 3 ^ *% 3 SI -1 ^ -S w -C -< ;= . s rs o t- o & in o 1-1 co co O "* O> lO 'O CO r- CO co cC' ~ij co'co" / ? i > LO CO t- F sf i o i I , rt o mi = i S fi'S IP I 1 1 \PPENDIX. COMMERCE OF THE U'NITED STATES- 84f> o C5 CO COLnO5OCOO5CCODCO'<3 < ' 02 G* t- JO iQ > 4f 'CO CO Tf -^CO M O^WCC OCC t-G"3t^COOCO Jl^ CO G* CO CO >O ^OS t-CO^Gv* ^^O> o" o< GO *-* of to oT GO * 00 CO i.O CO 1> -- i O< t- G^ I " -^ GO" O *-O ^0 *~" 1 CO I"* *rf T-H i_p LO t^* LO Ot> CO CO 8 S S 3.00 , , , ... ... , v, , , , m w fi w fl ^ -3 I.-S l| i .-si ' ' ' ' 1 'a tf ' fl g ' = e - o x - x . , T.S 11 -il l'li'^t-i a i 5 2 "5 2-5 ^' WO io c^O B f a to 11 ,> 0) If I! 846 APPENDIX. COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATE- Exhibiting the value of every description of IMPORTS from, and the value ot ailiules of ever y description of EXPORTS to, each Foreign Country, in 1822. NAMES OF PLACES. Value of Imports. Domestic Exports. i77~2~6i Foreign Exports. Total value of all Exports. Kuisrd, _.----. Prussia, Sweden, Swedish West Indies, .... Denmark and Norway, .... 3,307,3-<:8 351,820 529,081 260,621 660,813 192,780 2,231,750 9,516 3,602,051 1,078,776 1,121.012 22,101,619 1,626,552 770,176 1,150,782 2,036,344 452,141 1,314 1,897,559 4,850 2,505,015 5,771,832 253,528 961,002 88,987 2,119,811 184,012 26,554 115,077 11.799 251,058 4,270,618 158,041 3.421,053 '121,490 191,614 43,614 70,773 1,463,929 1,450,184 475,720 411,321 6,151)1 6,935,368] 1,162,335 540,060 65,506 141,378! 49,143 165,589 1,151,788 393,119 21,232 2,514,174 863,995 1,491,023 353,144 32,108,947 1,891,316 806,024 180,411 569,566 32,023 1,603,494 7,344 2,077,368 921,072 121,441 21,072,395 1,615,565 770,176 80,210 91,947 160,757 628,256 2,172 1,524,688 157,704 999,571 1,029,224 10,987 Danish East Indies, Holland, - Dutch West Indies and American colonies, England, Man and Berwick, Scotland, Ireland, Guernsey, Jersey, Sark and Aldernay, Gibraltar, ... British African Ports, - British East Indies, - British West Indies, .... Newfoundland and British Fisheries, British American Colonies, Other British Colonies, .... The Hanse Towns and Ports of Germany, French European Ports on the Atlantic, French European Ports on the Mediterranean, - French West Indies and American Colonies, - French East Indies, - Bourbon and Mauritius, .... Other French African Ports, - Hayti, Spanish European Ports on the Atlantic, Spanish European Ports on the Mediterranean, Teneriffe and the other Canaries, Manilla and Philippine Islands, Honduras, Campeachy, and Musquito Shore, - 7uba, Other Spanish West Indies, . - - - Spanish South American Colonies, 490.378 525,708 625,074 3,272,217 335,537 526,817 106,593 1 ,578,757 5,688,835 400,998 969,509 67,979 449,601 1,314 1,881,273 4,850 1,644,226 4,561,299 183,191 918,699 17,952 1,968,365 2,540 16,286 860,789 1,210,533 70,337 42,303 71,018 2,341,817 322,535 503,656 241,195 234,568 28ti,910 7,299,322 935,667 2,522,988 442,666 188,757 202,445 47,422 1,746,107 116,270 25,200 85,937 123,115 3,201,045 150,435 1,592,767 102,935 186,952 33,160 34,941 373,704 67,742 1,354 29,140 11,799 127,943 1,069,573 7,606 1,828,286 18,555 4,662 10,454 35,832 Madeira, - ?ayal and other Azores, - Dape de Verd Islands, .... Other Portuguese African Ports, Coast of Brazil & other Portuguese Am. Colonies, taly and Malta, - Trieste and other Austrian ports on the Adriatic Turkey, Levant, Egypt, Mocha and Eden, Morocco and Barbary States, ... Uape of Good Hope, China, ---,--- Asia, generally, West Indies, generally, - Europe, generally, - Africa, generally, ..... South Seas, Northwest Coast of America, Jncertain, . . - - 1,486,567 1,562,033 274,375 364,677 1,217,411 560,714 38,752 6,124 246,518 889,470 436,968 405,197 63,875 5,242,536 171,891 1,590 115,544 86,024 750 6,150 429,230 74,346 515,729 58,575 71,968 37,209 54,799 5,506,138 1,087,989 24,331 6,931 69,410 11,934 110,790 Total, 83,241,541 49,874,079 22,286,202 72,160,281 APPENDIX.-COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES. 047 2 %c c I 't a I I IS II ^ I c 1 "S O lj! oj^ fl^-S s^ *3 ! ^ s a s ? I CO :0 O -?l -o.o- &00 - CO 0)Ot- c: 1 2 03 , 5 t= ^ , >^ r _i *r ^j ffl a j. . i . , ^ .2 J J s s '-3 C '2 ** 13 r ? " ! ^""~ ^^ CO CO tO o l( ^sj P LfTco'tffLn'^t-rcT) ob Oi T- GO ' o >rj . -^ GO o CD . o o ' vo coo o TPSCO ^COGO _ O5 G-J_ OC^ CO CO. ^P. -^ -^ TjJ_ O5C^G*^Lf?GO"'^5 ?^ ^'fl~ Lft TT^ coiocoiO ' ' ' o , < CJ CJ 6 O JS 2 ^ v! r 848 APPENDIX. COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES. TABLE IX. Showing the annual value of the several species of merchandize imported into the Li. States, the amount re-exported with allowance of drawback, and the balance or amount consumed within the U. States, also, the annual amount of duties levied, drawbacks allowed and net duties collected on said merchandize, calculated on the average of the three years ending Sept. 30th, 1804. (From Seyberfs Statistical jQnnuls.) Articles imported. Value im- ported. Exported with al- owance of drawback. On which duties were actu- ally col- lected. Gross a- jmount of duty. Draw- back. Net duty. Dollars. Dollars Dollars. Dollars. Dollars. Dollars. Merchandize paying ad valorem > duties $ 39,489,590 4,411,332 35,078,258 5,177,824 560,28-^ 4,617,542 Nails and spikes 479,041 34' 9 82 444,059 75,776 5,375 70,401 Lead and manufactures of lead 227,002 12,750 214,252 25,209 1,367 23,842 Steel 147,957 4,145 143,812 9,862 267 9,595 Beer, ale, and porter 76,020 2,118 73,902 13,822 374 13,448 Cheese ... 77,150 40,767 36,383 21,601 11,015 10,586 Boots and shoes 101,300 11,331 89,969 15,278 1,668 13,610 Coal 36,407 185 36,222 20,226 99 20,1^7 Salt .... 771,396 6,283 765,713 727,152 165,1919 561,953 Rum ... 3,881,089 125,568 3,755,521 1,858,561 58,347 1,800,214 Geneva - 675,430 91,083 584,347 320,918 41,218 279,700 Brandy ... 2,077,601 313,918 1.763,683 635,495 87,520 547,975 Wines 2,962,039 810,348 2,151,691 986,730 260,662 726,068 Teas 2,360,507 963,028 1,397,479 785,026 307,777 475,249 Coffee ... 8,372,712 6,837,690 1,535,022 1,854,9901,461,758 393,232 Sugar 7,794,254 3,821,965 3,972,289 2,560,712 1,223,107 1,337,605 Molasses ... 1,930,592 8,112 1,922,480 321,765 1,305 320,460 Cotton 804,125 748,831 55,294 96,495 86,715 9,780! Pepper 633,041 512,383 120,658 345,295 269,700 75.595 1 Indigo ... 436,941 279,271 157,670 72,824 44,916 27,908 Cocoa 310,773 132,289 178,484 41,187 17,021 24,166 Pimento ... 71,927 35,227 36,700 23,829 11,331 12,498 Hemp 919,443 _ 919,443 102,160 - 102,160 All other articles 680,000 166,493 513,507 102,360 24,974 77,386 Total [75,316,937 59,370,099 ,35,846,838 16,195,097 4,643,997 11,551,100 TABLE X. Showing the amount of tonnage belonging to each of the United States in 1795, and 1815, and distinguishing the amount employed in the foreign trade, coasting trade, and fisheries ; also the proportion of shipping belonging to each state, compared with the whole United States. 1795. 1815. b'%4 11/s 1 , ^ ; ^^ o; 1 3 g fl o " fl .1* fl ^o s * States. r-J 11.1 S5 co ~S^ I t^ e |C 12 Is -BIOOSSV -j-ir-i-'*f^-o>-q < GO'-icos'*n>soGO|o; G< T-I r- c O> > i ^i 11 2 S it o ** 1 S