L2j J. TL.- 1 K SONIC rnviTiES ■/, . •v.yy V OFFICIAL V EXPOSITION RECORD AND HISTORY OF MASONRY IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK 41 . I OFFICIAL EXPOSITION RECORD AND History of Masonry IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK IN CONNECTION WITH FIRST ANNUAL Fashion Exposition FOR THE BENEFIT OF Masonic Hospital Activities MADISON SQUARE GARDEN, NEW YORK CITY MAY 8 TO 13, 1922 The Historical Articles in this book are reprinted by permission from "History of Free Masonry in the State of New York" by Ossian Lang, Copyrighted 1922, by Grand Lodge of New York, F.&A M. All rights reserved Printed in United States of America Press of Eaton & Gettinger New York % -4 % ^ & * H HS OS Wt)t (germ of iWa&mrp M T If you are inquiring what is the j\ germ and essence of Free Masonry, we herewith reveal to you the "secret." You can find it in the twelfth chapter of Mark, thir- tieth and thirty-first verses, and to make it even more convenient for you we herewith quote it: M T "Thou shalt love the Lord thy jj God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind and with all thy strength, and thy neighbor as thyself." M You need not be afraid to let j\ your wife know this, for the more she tells it the better for Masonry. & % ^ *% ^ ># ^%9%^%T\^%S'%T%^%^%^%^%^% [7] 5 #1U «. PRESIDENT HARDING'S OPINION OF MASONRY [9 MRS. WARREN G. HARDING First Lady of the Land Copyright Harris & Ewing BROTHER WARREN G. HARDING President of the United Stales ROBERT H. ROBINSON Grand Master of Masons in the State of New York ARTHUR S. TOMPKINS Deputy Grand Master of Masons in the Slate of New York ROBERT JUDSON KENWORTHY Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge of Masons in the State of New York CHRISTOPHER C. MOLLENHAUER Grand Treasurer of the Grand Lodge of Masons in the State of New York Gjrand JPodge Officers Harold J. Richar.dsoiy Senior Gra.r\d W&rdeix Charles H. Johnson durxior Grand Warders. John J. I^acCr.ui^ Gr a.i\d I^JarsKad OsSJAN LANG Gra,r\d Historian Asher. Mayer. Senior Gt'Aivd JD^^-corv Louis E. Eaton Junior Grand Dea.cor\ [16] T^istriEi 'Deputy Cjrand zjKCasters Charles of. Leister. 3" King's Charles H.Haolocc, FA.OrffiniyxiNic l s - r I^ixlwtUix Ray D.Adams 3- Ms-i\K8vtt8\r\ Terry ty.TowNSEND 4- M&iK».1K&i\ Charles H. Holland 53 l"Jw\K»>tl;iM\ [17] DistriSi 'Deputy Qrand ^(Casters George M-Bennett 6- t*t&i\K».1fca-i\ I&AAG M.6rtkXR- 7- t-l*,i\l\&tl;av]\ HELLMUTH MOER.CHEN 8 r -= r^Kl\8vtt.&t\ 6USTAVE KpTZENBER.<3 9- t"t3\r\t\s.1fc^K Harry 6. Goss 2- VfoteKesferitoHixsj^. Lee Parsons ■ Cashier RECEPTION Hon. William S. Farmer Hon. Thomas Penney Rev. S. Parks Cadman Hon. Charles Smith Hon. Robert Judson Kenworthy Hon. S. Nelson Sawyer Hon. Townsend Scudder Hon. Joseph Aspinwall General Leonard Wood Hon. Bird S. Coler General H. DeWitt Hamilton Hon. Joab H. Banton Hon. William H. Calder COMMITTEE Hon. Arthur S. Tompkins Hon. Herman A. Metz Hon. Otto A. Rozalsky Hon. Alfred R. Page Hon. Joseph E. Newburger Hon. Charles S. Whitman Hon. M. L. Erlanger Hon. Henry A. Gildersleeve Augustus Thomas Walter S. Reed Hon. T. C. T. Crane Hon. John Wanamaker Charles H. Johnson [22] THE EXPOSITION ADMINISTRATION Officers, Directors and Members of Committees in charge of the Event FINANCE COMMITTEE . Walter E. Frew, Chairman Hon. William G. McAdoo George T. Montgomery Charles H. Sabin Edw. E. B. Adams Linus P. Hosmer William H. Miller Henry C. Stevens William J. Montgomery Wm. K. Burns HISTORICAL PROGRAM Ossian Lang, Grand Historian Wilfred H. Thompson Frank E. Cooley John Lloyd Thomas PUBLICITY COMMITTEE J. Edward Hardexbergh Wm. H. Donaldson B. Brittain Wilson S. Jay Kaufman Edward E. Pidgeon Epes W. Sargent Garet Garrett Paul Gulick Albert Payson Terhune Lyman D. Post Elmer J. Walters Charles Montg. White William Ranney Wilson William Boyd Tindle Frederic F. Van de Water John J. Leary, Jr. Henry Martin Donald Meaney amusem ent committee A. L. Erlanger George M. Cohan Sam. H. Harris Irving Berlin Eddie Cantor Roland West Wm. B. Friedlander Richard Bennett Marc Klaw Sam A. Scribner Edward J. MacGregor Sidner R. Ellis Alfred E. Aarons Mark A. Luescher Chester DeVonde Sargent Aborn Harry Seamon Leon Errol FASHION SHOW COMMITTEE Nate Spingold, Chairman Alfred Fantl David N. Mosessohn J. J. Goldman Milton Wolf COMMITTEE ON ADMISSIONS All Masters of Lodges in the Metropolitan District [23] THE EXPOSITION ADMINISTRATION Officers, Directors and Members of Committees in charge of the Event EASTERN STAR DIVISION Chairman and Associates M RS. CLARA S. HETSENBUTTLE Grand Matron MRS. MILDRED V. EVERSON Associate Grand Matron MRS. ANNIE M. POND Gram! Secretary RECEPTION COMMITTEE Mrs. M. Frances Thornton Miss Sarah M. Babcock Mrs. Daisy M. B. Shepiiard Mrs. May M. Goodebson Mrs. Elizabeth M. Wurtz Mrs. Louisa Emmebson Mrs. Georgina Scardefiet.h Mrs. Margaret D. Clawson GENERAL COMMITTEE Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Miss Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Miss Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Miss Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Mrs. Latta MacDonell Mrs. Emma A. Teller Mrs. Mabel A. Stewart Mrs. Ellen E. Cochrane Mrs. Lillian i. Hedges Mrs. C. Louise Reid Mrs. Mary C. IIilker Mrs. Lillian L. Tibball Mrs. Rose Mendelowitz Mrs. Eleanor A. Borge.n Mrs. Margaret E. Harford Mrs. Eleanor E. Akin Miss Ella R. Hall Mrs. Edith Gillespie Mrs. Minnie A. Niles Mrs. Minnie B. Cone Mrs. Pearl Excell Mrs. Edna S. Greene Mrs. ( i:c ilia M. Fink Mrs. Cora C. Seidel Miss Cornelia M. Kingman Mrs. Marie A. Fletcher Mrs. Jennie Lewis Mrs. Emma Gtjenzel Mrs. Cora ( . Snyder Mrs. Frances J. Crooks Mrs. C. Lulu Jackson Miss Grace L. Doyle Mrs. Emma Shaler Mrs. Ida B. Manson Mrs. Jessie C. Markle Mrs. Alice E. Norwood Nan Reid Coy Etta M. Miller Sadie M. Foote Mabelle G. Cooley Erven a Thompson Sarah H. Van Alstine Carrie M. Ellsworth Anna J. Van Yolkenberg Eppie Simpson Gertrude E. Miller Adelaide Lehr Julia McCord Christine Wolf Annie L. Morrell Susie J. Gilbert Helen Young Irma W. Bedell Caroline Horstman . I essie Heinrich Sarah Wilson Flora M. Robinson Minnie L. Gardinier Fanny Sciiiff Katharine Gillette Louise E. Holker Lulu M. Harnden Helen B. Fulkerson Grace L. Thomas Margaret J. Rhodes Ettie C. White TICKET COMMITTEE Worthy Matrons of Chapters Order of the Eastern Star within the Metropolitan District [24] The Masonic Free Hospital of New York THE Masonic Fraternity has in the past confined its home and hospital activities to its members and their dependents, but has through its lodges and grand lodges been constant contributor to all forms of charitable work and a supporter of every humanitarian endeavor. Masonry is now making its first move as an organization to expand its humanitarian principles by the establishment of a fund to erect a hospital in the city of New York, which will be maintained by the Order and will be free to the poor and needy regardless of who or what they may be. In order to put this splendid thought into concrete form and imme- diate action, the Grand Master and the Grand Secretary, with other Grand Lodge officers, have taken advantage of a most unusual oppor- tunity to secure from the Broad Street Hospital the entire seventh floor of its new building, comprising six rooms, a lounging room, baths and other conveniences, this floor to be ready for use on June first. However, these limited facilities in the Broad Street Hospital can- not possibly meet the demands which will be made for free hospital accommodations, but will serve as the initial step in the greater hospital project. Various lodges have from time to time in the past made contribu- tions to public hospitals and dedicated beds therein, but are now diverting such funds to the Masonic Free Hospital of New York City. The annual Exposition, under Masonic auspices and conducted under the supervision of the Grand Lodge of the State of New York, will provide a large share of the revenue necessary to erect and maintain the splendid new edifice. [25] p* £ — H Oi Ph 7— 1 r/j ^ O — ^ ■4* Si <& - o *^( s w 3 s o5 (/J 02 O -»-> h-1 o I— i "1 01 C/J P Q £ -< r/j « W h-i Q h-1 O au War Work and the Memorial Hospital THE entry of the United States in the World War, as an active ally of the forces battling for justice, liberty and democracy, roused the fraternity in the State of New York to a new sense of its responsibilities toward mankind. More than twenty-five thou- sand of the membership of the Grand Lodge responded to the call to arms in the army, navy and marine service. Many hundreds more, who could not enlist in the fighting ranks, offered their ener- gies to the accredited relief forces in the camps and recreation centers here and abroad and at the battle front overseas. All the brethren, in whatever station, labored together in unison with the great host of American patriots to bring the world-wide struggle for right to a speedy and successful end. A War and Relief Fund was created by the Grand Lodge and contributions invited. It was also decided to engage in ministry to the men in war service in camps and cantonments and at the battle front. An Overseas Mission was organized to carry on this work. Grand Master Thomas Penney, recognizing the desirability of having the Masons in the United States act as a unit in the war emergency, issued a call to a conference of representatives of the several Grand Lodges. The conference was held in New York City, in May, 1918. It was followed by a conference, called by Grand Master Schoonover, of Iowa, and held at Cedar Rapids, in that State. The twenty-two Grand Lodges represented at the latter conference adopted New York's overseas program and appointed Townsend Scudder as their agent and commissioner. The Mission proceeded to France. At Paris, a Trowel and Triangle Club was found in operation, composed of Masons identified with the A. E. F. — Y. M. C. A. personnel. The club was reorganized, its purposes expanded, and a comprehensive information and recrea- tion service established. The Paris headquarters of the Mission became the center of Masonic activities. Clubs were established and practical relief work extended over a large part of the war [27] War Work and the Memorial Hospital area. There were also four Masonic Lodges in full working order in France, constituted under the personal Warrant of Grand Master William S. Farmer. An astonishingly large amount of good was done in the short space of six months between February and Sep- tember, 1919. At New York, a well-equipped Soldiers and Sailors' Club was maintained, in Masonic Hall. The Masonic Board of Relief of New York City offered its commodious house for additional hospitality, where sleeping quarters were available for men in the service. Organized relief work was extended to sixteen U. S. Army and Navy Hospitals in various parts of the State, in cooperation with the American Red Cross. Voluntary representatives, fifty-six of them, visited the hospitals several times each week, bringing comfort to the wounded and sick and attending to such of their wants as they found possible. Communications were established with relatives of the suffering, and other services rendered to members of the Craft and sons of Masons from practically all States of the Union, Canada, England, Scotland, Panama, and the Philippine Islands. Service was rendered also to the men debarked at New York City on their return from the war. A helpful information service was placed at their command, and every possible aid was extended to them. On the whole, the achievements in all departments of relief work, during the period of the war, have been most gratifying. THE MEMORIAL HOSPITAL After the close of the war, the Grand Lodge decided to set aside the balance remaining in the War Relief Fund for the erection of a Masonic Soldiers and Sailors' Memorial Hospital at Utica. This much-needed addition to the relief agencies of the Craft was com- pleted early in 1922 and dedicated on April 22, 1922. The beautiful structure reveals in all its perfect appointments the care and labor devoted to the task of supplying a hospital worthy to be known as a memorial to the self-sacrifice of the thousands of Masons who fought in the war service of their country. An Endowment Fund has been created which is expected to be large enough, about ten years from now, to yield an income sufficient to maintain the Hospital. Meanwhile a special Maintenance Fund is being built up to take care of necessities meanwhile. Voluntary contributions have given this fund a fair start. It is hoped that the great good accomplished by the Hospital will inspire generous- hearted brethren to provide amply for the work. The object is worthy of every support that practical charity can supply. [28] Masonic Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Hospital DEDICATED AT UTICA, N. Y., APRIL 22, 1922 H. P. Knowles, Architect THE hospital building just completed on the gi-ounds of the Masonic Home at Utica, N. Y., was started in the spring of 1919, at which time the contract for the foundation walls only was given out, and not until the early summer of 1920 was the general contract given out for the entire completion of the structure. A great deal of study was given to the planning of this building, as it was the wish of the War and Relief Administration that this hospital should be the very latest and approved building of this type. Differing much from the emergency hospital with which we are so familiar in the larger cities, this hospital is intended primarily for the care of those Masons, or members of their families, who become incapacitated through sickness or accident, and require nursing or constant medical treatment. This great structure, therefore, was planned to be as bright and attractive as a hospital can be made. The building is a fireproof structure with a frontage 220 feet long, with two wings extending to the rear, each 100 feet deep by 32 feet wide. The exterior of the building is of red brick trimmed with Indiana limestone and gray buff terra cotta ; and the roof is covered with a fire flashed red Spanish tile. The building is so placed that sunlight streams into the various wards at all hours of the day. On the first floor are the executive offices, reception rooms, parlors, the main dining room for convalescents, nurses' dining room, and three or four wards for patients. On the second and third floors there are two large wards on both stories, each containing eighteen beds, and six smaller wards on each floor, containing from six to eight beds each. At the southwest end of each of the two large wards are located large glass solariums which may be thrown open on summer days or enclosed from the ele- ments on cold or stormy days — admitting the sunlight, however, at all times when the weather is bright. In connection with the wards are the various auxiliary rooms usual in up-to-date hospitals, except- ing that not only are the latest approved methods and fixtures used, but some improvements in signals, etc., have been introduced which are quite new. These auxiliary rooms include lavatories, bath rooms, f 29 1 BRONZE STATUE MODELLED BY ANTONIO FERRARI, Donated by Masons of the 10th District to the Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Hospital, Utica, N. Y. Masonic Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Hospital toilet rooms, nurses' utility rooms, diet kitchens, nurses' stations, linen rooms, sink rooms, drug closets, quiet rooms, clothes rooms, laundry chute, blanket warmers, etc., etc. In the center of the build- ing on each of these stories is a large main hall, well lighted, which will be used as a lounge. On the fourth floor, in the center of the building, with north light, is a very Tine, well equipped operating room, lighted with a sloping skylight, and large windows; and tiled from floor to ceiling with a blue-green tile. This room averages about 15 feet in height. In connection with this operating room, is the sterilizing room completely equipped with the most modern sterilizing apparatus, the instrument room, nurses' utility room, doctors' room, anesthesia room and recovery room. A dental operating room, dental laboratory, also a completely equipped diagnostic laboratory, are also located on this floor; as well as space for electro-therapeutics and hydro-therapeutics. There are also living quarters for the large staff of nurses, which include very attractive sleeping rooms with closets and running water, baths, etc., and a nurses' lounge. At the southerly end of this floor are provided quarters for the internes and other members of the medical staff. In the basement is located a very fine X-ray department, with / machine room, dark room for developing pictures, and illumination room for displaying slides, etc. ; the morgue, soiled linen and sterilized linen rooms, clean laundry room, main kitchen, help's dining room, provision storage, general storage, orderlies' quarters and a special ward in the northerly wing with the usual auxiliary rooms in con- nection. The building is heated by direct steam taken from the main plant of the Home which was increased in size to take care of the extra pressure; lighted by electricity, furnished with the most up-to-date system of electric call signals and telephone system; the finest plumb- ing equipment and fixtures, and a special hospital elevator. The finish throughout is absolutely flush and sanitary with coved angles and rounded corners. The trim around the doors and windows is of steel, curved flush with the plaster surfaces. A very beautiful terrace 75 feet wide extends the full length of the front of the building and 30 feet beyond on either end; raised 3 feet 6 inches above the surrounding grade, and surrounded with a low brick and stone railing. This is laid out with walks, paved with brick, and flower and plant beds, a large pool in the center, and a very beautiful fountain at the northerly end. The landscape work will give this building a very beautiful setting which will add greatly to the beauty of the Home grounds. [31] < o I— I H P W o S5 O m < The Utica Home THE Masonic Home at Utica is the pride of the Fraternity. And well it may be. It is the one outstanding visible monument of the solicitude of the craft for the care of the needy of its own household. Even the casual passer-by cannot but be impressed by the magnitude and beauty of the provisions made for the care and com- fort of the residents. To the inquiring visitor, there will come a profound sense of the earnestness with which the Masons of the State of New York are endeavoring to meet their freely assumed responsibility for the well-being of their wards. The desire to provide a suitable home for aged brethren and the destitute widows and orphans of Masons made itself felt in the craft from the earliest years. In the days before towns and villages had begun to absorb to a large extent the rural population of the State, individual lodges managed to take care of dependents, and the need of general organization for the relief of distress did not make itself felt to any considerable degree. In New York City the wish to administer benevolence by cooperative efforts came to expression first. Private initiative took the lead. A memorial subscription list was opened in 1842, to be submitted to the Grand Lodge. Greenfield Pote, the Tiler of the Grand Lodge, started the list with a donation of one dollar. Other brethren added their contributions. When the memo- rial was submitted, in 1843, it bore the signatures of one hundred Masons, and with it was presented the sum of $300.00 paid in by them. Outside of New York City the desirability of the proposed institution was not recognized with sufficient force to assure suc- cess as yet. New enthusiasm in the project was kindled when the news got abroad that Ole Bull, the famous Norwegian violinist, had donated the proceeds of his American farewell concert toward the widows and orphans home. In 1850, the Grand Lodge voted that plans be put under way to provide for "the aged and infirm of the craft, under this jurisdiction, and a refuge for the destitute widows and orphans of deceased worthy brethren." The up-State brethren held a convention in Albany, in 1851, and declared it to be "expedient to establish a Masonic asylum, in some [33] The Utica Home central location in this State." Despite laudable professions and commendable intentions, the matter dragged along, and very little practical progress was made. The building of the Masonic Hall in New York City absorbed the energies and resources of the craft for a number of years. Meanwhile funds accumulated and plans matured slowly but surely. In November, 1887, a Grand Masonic Fair was held in the Masonic Hall. Approximately $76,500 were realized in three weeks, and turned over to the Trustees toward the establishment of the Home. In 1890 a tract of land, covering about 160 acres, adjacent to the city of Utica, was purchased. The central location, accessibility, and healthfulness of the place, overlooking the beautiful Mohawk Valley, decided the choice. The value of the land was $75,000. The Grand Lodge paid $21,750, the city of Utica contributed $30,000, and the owner, Charles W. Hutchinson, a distinguished member of the craft, donated the balance. Plans were adopted for the construction of a building in 1889. There were $185,000 in the fund set aside for the purpose. Provisions were to be made for the housing of at least 100 residents, exclusive of officers and needed employees. On May 21, 1891, the cornerstone was laid. On October 5, 1892, the completed building was dedicated. On February 13, 1893, Past Grand Master Jesse B. Anthony was installed as superintendent. The first aged couple to be received into the home arrived in May of the same year. The Trustees were able to report to the Grand Lodge, in 1893, that the total cost of the Home and appurtenances had been $230,685.18; that all obligations were liquidated, and there remained a balance on hand of $155,575.55. A permanent fund was created to sustain the Home; the management and investment of it was left entirely to the Trustees. The Home has grown until now it covers a number of magnificent buildings. The structure dedicated in 1892 still stands, but it has been en- larged and improved from time to time. A children's building was added in 1896, as a memorial to Edwin Booth, the famous actor, who donated $5,000 toward its construction. Subsequent gifts were made, with the understanding that the structure was to be known as the Edwin Booth Memorial. Jesse B. Anthony served as superintendent until his death, in 1905. Dow Beekman, a Trustee, took over the work for one year. Then followed William J. Wiley, under whose judicious management the Home has grown steadily in usefulness. [34] The Utica Home THE HOME GROUNDS The Home is located in the center of the State. The well-kept grounds cover approximately three hundred acres. An imposing array of substantial and attractive buildings, delightful flower beds, extensive playgrounds, prosperous farm lands, model barns, grazing herds of thoroughbred milk kine, a picturesque lake, pleasant walks— everything combined testifies to the thoughtfulness with which the material details have been worked out. For the aged inmates, every comfort is provided which fraternal solicitude can supply. The children's buildings reveal in all appoint- ments the loving care for the little ones whom the craft has adopted to be its own. There are swings and merry-go-rounds and see-saws for the little ones, a fine baseball diamond for the boys, opportunities for football and basketball contests, and a play pavilion. The cornerstone of the beautiful Daniel D. Tompkins Memorial Chapel was laid by Grand Master Samuel Nelson Sawyer on April 16, 1910. The completed building was dedicated on June 25, 1911, by Grand Master Robert Judson Kenworthy. The separate housing of the boys and girls was made possible by the erection of the Knights Templar Education Building, the gift of the Grand Commandery of Knights Templar of the State of New York. This building was assigned to the girls. The boys were given the full run of the Booth Memorial Building, which had housed both sexes theretofore. In 1920 was begun the erection of the magnificent Hospital which is to stand as a memorial to the soldiers and sailors of the Fraternity who offered up their lives for the winning of the war for righteous- ness and the freedom of the world. The ready response of the Masons of the State of New York to every call for help to increase the efficiency and attractiveness of the Home has its chief reasons in the amply justified perfect confidence placed in the Trustees of the Hall and Asylum Fund, and the settled conviction that the management of the Home is deserving of the fullest support. Their faith is well founded. A visit to the Home will persuade the most skeptical of this fact. [35] [ 36 Masonic Beginnings in Colonial New York WHEN and WHERE Masonic Lodges first came into existence in Colonial New York, is one of the many unsolved questions in the history of beginnings of the Fraternity in various parts of the world. It is more than likely that there were Freemasons among the Colonists, at least from 1721 onward and before any notice of Lodge meetings appeared in print. We do know that the Province of New York was mentioned in the first official document emanating from the Grand Lodge of England. The patent issued to Daniel Coxe creating him Provincial Grand Master for New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania, states in so many words that there were "Free and Accepted Masons residing and about to reside" in these Provinces, and that several of them had joined in a petition to the Duke of Norfolk, Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of England, in 1730, asking him "to nominate and appoint a Provincial Grand Master of the said Provinces." With the appointment of Colonel Coxe as the first Provincial Grand Master to be "nominated, ordained, constituted and appointed" for any part of America, begins the official history of duly constituted Freemasonry in the New World in general and the Provinces of New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania in particular, however disap- pointing the extant information may be as regards results traceable to this deputation. And yet, while we cannot tell of lodges set at work and Masonic meetings held, we have abundant reason, as Ameri- can freemen, to keep in grateful veneration the name of our first Grand Master. It was this same Daniel Coxe who first proposed, in 1727, a Union of the British Colonies on the Continent of North America. The plan he advocated was, a half century later, revived and adapted to new conditions by Benjamin Franklin, another Free- mason, and became the groundwork of the Constitution of the United States of America. Thus, though he could not have foreseen the course of events, Daniel Coxe helped to blaze the trail for the estab- lishment of the Union which was destined to achieve independence Masonic Beginnings in Colonial New York and become one of the great Powers in the world. As his share in preparing the way for the building of our federal Constitution has been accorded little, if any, consideration by the historians of Amer- ica, I may be pardoned for introducing the subject here somewhat more fully than otherwise would be justifiable. The father of Colonel Coxe was Dr. Daniel Coxe, a native of Lon- don, who served as physician to Katherine of Portugal, wife of King Charles II, and later to Queen Anne. Some time between these royal appointments, he came to America and was Governor of West Jersey from 1687 to 1690. King James II granted him a patent making him proprietor of that vast territory then known as the Province of Carolana and described as "extending from 31 to 36 degrees of North Latitude inclusive, on the Continent of America and to several adja- cent islands." . The younger Daniel — our Daniel — was born in America, in 1673, and appears to have been educated in England, where he passed the greater part of his life. At the age of thirty, he was made Colonel of the military forces in West Jersey, and, two years later, became a member of the Provincial Council. In 1716, he was elected Speaker of the Assembly. The next year we find him in London, after a stay of fourteen years in America. His efforts in the British capital were devoted chiefly to the writing of the remarkable book which forever establishes his claim upon the interest of students of American history. This book was published at London, in 1729,* and shortly after ap- peared in a French translation at Paris. Its title is a rather lengthy one: A Description of the English Province of Carolana, By the Spaniards call'd Florida, and By the French La Louisiane. As also of the Great and Famous River Meschacebe or Mississippi The Five vast Navigable Lakes of Fresh Water, and the Parts Adjacent. Together with an Account of the Commodities of the Growth and Production of the said Province. And a Preface containing some Considerations on the French making Settlements there. The Preface is replete with interesting historical notes and keen observations on the welfare of the British Colonists in America. Coxe refers to his "about fourteen years residence on the Continent of America" and how he had visited a number of the Colonies, particu- larly the more important ones. He explains that there are "500,000 * There may have been an earlier edition, as some writers say the book was pub- lished in 1716. I doubt it. The copy used by me bears the imprint of 1729. [38] , Masonic Beginnings in Colonial New York British subjects inhabiting the several Colonies on the East Side of the Continent of North America, along the Sea Shore, from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to that of Florida, all contiguous to each other", and proposes a Union of these Colonies under a plan of government, which in its essential features suggested the later organization of the United States. The "Expedient" is outlined by him, as follows: All Colonies appertaining to the Crown of Great Britain on the Northern Continent of America be United under a Legal, Regular, and firm Estab- lishment, over which, it's proposed, a Lieutenant, or Supreme Governour may be constituted and appointed to preside on the Spot, to whom the Governours of each Colony shall be subordinates. It is further "humbly proposed" that Two Deputies shall be annually elected by the Council and the Assembly of each Province (Senators), who are to be in the nature of a Great Coun- cil, or General Convention of the Estates of the Colonies; and by the Ort.er, Consent or Approbation of the Lieutenant or Governour General, shall meet together, consult and advise for the Good of the whole, settle and appoint particular quota's or proportions of money, men, provisions, &c, that each respective government is to raise, for their mutual defense and safety, as well as, if necessary, for Offence and Invasion of their enemies; in all which cases the Governour General or Lieutenant is to have a Nega- tive, but not to enact anything without their concurrence, or that of the Majority of them. The Quota or Proportion, as above allotted and charg'd on each Colony, may, nevertheless, be levy'd and raised by its own Assembly, in such man- ner, as they shall judge most easy and convenient, and the circumstances of their affairs will permit. Other Jurisdictions, Powers and Authorities, respecting the Honor of His Majesty, the Interest of the Plantations, and the Liberty and Property of the Proprietors, Traders, Planters and Inhabitants in them, may be vested in and cognizable in the above said Governour General or Lieu- tenant, and Grand Convention of the Estates, according to the Laws of England. . . . A Coalition or Union of this nature, temper'd with and grounded on Prudence, Moderation and Justice, and a generous Incouragement given to the Labour, Industry and good Management of all sorts and conditions of Persons inhabiting, or anyways concerned or interested in the several Colonies above mentioned, will in all probability lay a sure and lasting Foundation of Dominion, Strength and Trade, sufficient not only to secure and promote the Prosperity of the Plantations, but to revive and greatly increase the late Flourishing Estate and Condition of Great Britain. Coxe refers to his proposal as "being general and submitted with humility." Considering the time at which it was written, the measure [39 1 Masonic Beginnings in Colonial New York of freedom and self-determination accorded to the Colonies marks a considerable step forward toward final independence. Daniel Coxe returned to America shortly after the publication of his book, as is clear from a letter written by him from Trenton, New Jersey, in 1728. In 1730 he was again in London looking after the settlement of his extensive property claims. He was fifty-seven years of age when he was appointed Provincial Grand Master by the Duke of Norfolk, then Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of England. The following year he attended a meeting of the Grand Lodge and was there toasted as "Provincial Grand Master of North America." He may have departed for America before the close of 1731. It is not at all improbable that he authorized the formation of Lodges in his Masonic jurisdiction, but there is no convincing testimony to show that he did. He became one of the Justices of the Supreme Court of the Province of New Jersey, in 1734, and continued in office until the day of his death, at Trenton, on April 25th, 1739. His body was in- terred in front of the chancel of St. Mary's Church (Anglican), at Burlington, New Jersey. Benjamin Franklin published in his paper a brief notice of the death of Daniel Coxe, in which he refers to this distinguished Ameri- can as a Justice of the Supreme Court, but makes no mention of him as a Mason. Franklin quite likely had never heard of Coxe's exalted official station in the craft. THE COXE DEPUTATION The text of the deputation issued to Daniel Coxe by the Duke of Norfolk is given below in full, as it was the first document of its kind ever granting official authority to constitute Masonic lodges in any part of America: To all and every our Right Worshipful, Worshipful, and loving brethren now residing or may hereafter reside in the Provinces of New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania, His Grace, Thomas, Duke of Norfolk, Earl Mar- shal and Hereditary Marshal of England, Earl of Arundel, Surry, Norfolk and Norwich, Baron Mowbray, Howard Segrave, Brewse of Gower, Fitz Allen, Warren Clau Oswald, estre Maltravers Graystock, Furnival Verdon, Lovelot, Straugo of Blackmere, and Howard of Castle Rising, after the Princess of the Royal Blood, first Duke Earl and Baron of England, Chief of the illustrious family of Howards, Grand Master of the Free and Accepted Masons of England, Sendeth Greeting: Whereas, application has been made unto us by our Rt. Worshipful and well heloved Brother, Daniel Coxe, of New Jersey, Esq'r., and by several, other brethren, free and accepted Masons, residing and about to reside in the said Provinces of New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania, that we should be pleased to nominate and appoint a Provincial Grand Master of [40] Masonic Beginnings in Colonial New York the said Provinces: Now Know Ye, that we have nominated, ordained, constituted, and appointed and do by these Presents, nominate, ordain, constitute, and appoint, our Right Worshipful and well beloved Brother, the said Daniel Coxe, Provincial Grand Master of the said Provinces of New York, New Jersey, and Pensilvania, with full Power and Authority to nominate and appoint his Dep. Grand Master and Grand Wardens, for the space of two years from the feast of St. John the Baptist, now next ensuing, after which time it is our Will and Pleasure, and we do hereby ordain that the brethren who do now reside, or may hereafter reside, in all or any of the said Provinces, shall and they are hereby empowered every other year on the feast of St. John the Baptist to elect a Provincial Grand Master, who shall have the power of nominating and appointing his Dep. Grand Master and Grand Wardens. And we do hereby empower our said Provincial Grand Master, and the Grand Master, Deputy Grand Master and Grand Wardens for the time being, for us and in our place and stead constitute the Brethren (free and accepted Masons) now residing, or who shall hereafter reside in those parts into one or more regular Lodge or Lodges, as he shall think fit, and as often as occasion shall require, — He, the said Daniel Coxe, and t he Provincial Grand Master, Deputy Grand Master and Grand Wardens, for the time being, taking special care that all and every member of any Lodge or Lodges so to be constituted have or shall be made regular Masons, and that they do cause all and every the Regulations contained in the printed Book of Constitutions, except so far as they have been altered by the Grand Lodge at their Quarterly Meetings, to be kept and observed, and also all such other Rules and In- structions as shall from time to time be transmitted to him or them by us, or Nath'l. Blackerlv. Esq'r., our Deputy Grand Master, or the Grand Master or his Deputy for the time being, — And that he, the said Daniel Coxe. our Provincial Grand Master of the said Provinces, and the Provincial (.rand Master for the time being, or his Deputy, do send to us or our Deputy Grand Master, and to the Grand Master of England or his Deputy for the time being, annually an account in writing of the number of Lodges so constituted, with the names of the several members of each particular Lodge, together with such other matters and things as he or they shall think fit to be communicated for the benefit of the Craft. And lastly we will and require that our said Provincial Grand Master, and the Grand Master, for the time being, or his Deputy, do annually cause the Brethren to keep the feast of St. John the Evangelist, and dine together on that day, or (in case any accident should happen to prevent their dining together on that day) on any other day near that time, as the Provincial Grand Master for the time being shall judge most fit, as is done here, and at that time more particularly, and at all Quarterly Com- munications he do recommend a Genera] Charity, to be established for the relief of poor brethren of the said Province. Given under our hand and seal of office, at London, this fifth day of June, 1730, and of Masonry, 5730. ,. T ,, „ •' Norfolk, (!. M, [41 Masonic Beginnings in Colonial New York RICHARD RIGGS AND FRANCIS GOELET Captain Richard Riggs was appointed Provincial Grand Master for New York, on November 15th, 1737, by the Earl of Darnley, Grand Master of England. A notice of his arrival in New York was an- nounced in the New York Gazette of May 21st, 1738. Before his coming and during his term of office there appeared in the New York City papers several items relating to Masonry and Masons. It is certain that a duly constituted Lodge was at work in 1738. Whether it was formed by Captain Riggs, or whether it was in existence before his appointment as Provincial Grand Master, is not known. Indeed, there appears to be no reliable information as to anything that was done by him, neither have I been able to find any biographical notices concerning the man himself. Captain Riggs had returned to England in or before 1751. During this year, Lord Byron, Grand Master of England, appointed Thomas Goelet to succeed him. Nothing beyond this bare record can be told about the third Provincial Grand Master of New York. NEWSPAPER ITEMS Fortunately we are not left altogether in the dark regarding Ma- sonic developments during the period covered by the Coxe, Riggs and Goelet deputations. The newspapers of the period supply a few items which suggest that Masons were at work in the Province and held meetings from time to time. No one appears to have taken the trouble to make a close search for references to Masonry contained in the various periodicals of the Province. The few meagre notices handed down do not reveal that any widespread interest was attached to the doings of the early Brethren. On November 26th, 1737, the New York Gazette printed a "letter to the editor," in which the writer warned the colonists that "a Society called Freemasons" had appeared in Great Britain and had "at last extended to these parts of America." As the newspapers of Philadelphia and Boston had been running considerable news matter about Masonic affairs, for some years, and Benjamin Franklin had gotten out a reprint of the Book of Constitutions of 1723, which must have been known to the newspaper publishers in New York, the Gazette story of 1737 does not necessarily imply that there were Lodges in the Province engrossing the interest of the general public. The "letter to the editor" reads as follows: Mr. Bradford: There being a new and unusual sect or Society of Per- sons of late appeared in our native Country, and from thence spread into some other Kingdoms and Common Wealths, and at last has extended to these parts of America, their Principle, Practices and Designs not being [42] Masonic Beginnings in Colonial New York known, nor by them published to the World, has been the reason that in Holland, France, Italy and other Places they have been supprest. All other societies that have appeared in the World have published their Principles and Practices, and when they meet set open their Meeting-house Doors, for all that will come in and see and hear them, but this Society called FREE MASONS, meet with their Doors shut, and a Guard at the outside to prevent any approach near to hear or see what they are doing. And as they do not publish their Principles or Practices, so they oblige all their Proselytes to keep them secret, as may appear by the severe Oath they are obliged to take at their first admittance. Which Oath is as follows, viz.: "I, A. B., Hereby solemnly Vow and Swear in the Presence of Almighty God, and this Right Worshipful Assembly, that 1 will Hail and Conceal and never Reveal the Secrets or Secrecy of Masons or Masonry, that shall be revealed unto me; unless to a true and Lawful Brother, after due Examina- tion, or in a just and Worshipful Lodge of Brothers and Fellows well met. "I further more Promise and Vow, That I will not Write them, Print them, Mark them, Carve them, or Engrave them, or cause them to be Written, Printed, Marked, Carved, or Engraved on Wood or Stone, so as the Visible Character or Impression of a Letter may appear, whereby it may be unlawfully obtained. "All this under no less Penalty than to have my Throat cut, my Tongue taken from the Roof of my Mouth, my Heart pluck'd from under my left Breast, then to be buried in the Sands of the Sea, the Length of a (able Rope from Shore where the Tide ebbs and flows twice in 24 Hours, my Body to be burnt to Ashes and be scatter'd upon the Face of the Earth, so that there shall be no more Remembrance of me among Masons. So help me God!" If any duly constituted Lodge existed in New York at that time (1731) , all traces of it are lost. As the letter writer views with alarm the extension of the Fraternity "to these parts of America," we may assume that Masonic meetings were beginning to attract notice in Little Old New York, and that somebody felt the urge to call out from his watch-tower, "From these snares of the Devil, Lord, deliver us!" On June 26th, 1738, the Gazette published "A Song for the Free Masons," followed by "A Parody of the Same Verses for the ladies," with quips which were probably considered quite clever in their day, but the humor of which has lost its flavor since. The only historic value they have is that they suggest pretty plainly that by this time meetings of the Fraternity were well under way. The first public announcement of a Lodge called "by order of the Grand Master," appeared in the Gazette of January 22d, 1739, and read as follows: Brethren of the Ancient and Honorable Society of Free and Accepted Masons are desired to take notice that the Lodge for the future will be [43] Masonic Beginnings in Colonial New York held at the Montgomerie Arms Tavern on the first and third Wednesdays 7. and of Salvation 1767. Hexky Van de Ham, .1/. E. J. Pryor, 8. W. John Bessonet, J. W. John King, Treas'r. John Ledsam, Sect'y. (Seal) INDEPENDENT ROYAL ARCH, NO. 8 A Lodge which is not mentioned in the published reports of St. John's Day celebrations, during the period of George Harison's Grand Mastership, but which, nevertheless, dates its constitution from De- cember 15th, 1760, is Independent Royal Arch, No. 8 (now No. 2). Its warrant, granted by George Harison, was evidently attested in a manner sufficiently convincing to compel the Grand Lodge of the State of New York, in 1789, to accredit it officially as the second oldest Lodge in New York City. KING DAVID'S LODGE On February 17th, 1769, Harison issued a warrant for the con- stitution of King David's Lodge, in New York City. This Lodge appears to have been composed entirely of Jewish Brethren. Moses M. Hays was the first Master. About ten years later, the warrant was transferred to Newport, Rhode Island, where the Lodge con- tinued to work under its name of King David's for a number of years and then was heard of no more. It was not among the Lodges which formed the Grand Lodge of the State of Rhode Island, on June 25th, 1791, but may have lived on for some time beyond that year. On August 17th, 1790, King David's welcomed George Washington to Rhode Island in a Masonic address which elicited the following reply: To the Master, Wardens, and Brethren of Kim/ David's Lodge in Xeirport, Rhode Island : Gentlemen — I receive the welcome which you give me to Rhode Island witli pleasure; and 1 acknowledge inv obligations for the nattering expres- sions of regard contained in your address with grateful sincerity. Being persuaded that a just application of the principles on which the Masonic fraternity is founded, must he productive of private virtue and public pros- perity, I shall always he happy to advance the interests of the society, and to be considered by them as a deserving brother. My best wishes, gentle- men, are offered for your individual happiness. Go Washington. [49] Masonic Beginnings in Colonial New York The letter bears the same date as that of the address of welcome and reveals what high regard Washington accorded to the Masonic Fraternity. OTHER LODGES There may have been other Lodges in the City of New York, work- ing under lawful warrants. If so, we know nothing about them. Only two of the city Lodges warranted by George Harison have sur- vived to this day; they are St. John's, No. 1, and Independent Royal Arch, No. 2. EARLIEST DULY CONSTITUTED LODGES OUTSIDE OF NEW YORK CITY, 1758, TO THE BEGINNING OF THE REVOLUTION The records of the Lodges constituted in the State, above the Harlem River, are far more satisfying than those of the Lodges in the City of New York. Moreover, while of the City Lodges only two have survived to this day, at least four of the up-State Lodges can trace their history back to the time before the Declaration of Inde- pendence. Of the former, we have St. John, No. 1, and Independent Royal Arch, No. 2 ; of the latter we have Mount Vernon, No. 3, which was Union, No. 1, in Colonial days, St. Patrick's, No. 4, Masters', No. 5, and St. George's, No. 6. Mount Vernon and Masters' are located at Albany; St. Patrick's, at Johnstown; St. George's, at Schenectady. UNION NO. 1, NOW MOUNT VERNON LODGE NO. 3 The Oldest Lodge, outside of New York City, was organized at Albany, in 1759, under a copy of the charter of Lodge No. 74, issued by the Grand Lodge of Ireland, in 1737, to brethren of the Second Battalion 1st Royals (now Royal Scots), First Regiment of Foot Guards (Infantry). After leaving Great Britain and serving for a time in Nova Scotia, the Battalion had been sent to Albany and was located there during the years of 1758 and 1759. The officers, accord- ing to the "Albany Hand Book," were "scholars and gentlemen" and "brought with them, and kept up, a large and valuable library of rare books," which they left to the city when the battalion was ordered away in 1759. No. 74 initiated many prominent citizens of the town into its mysteries. When the command was ordered to a new field of duty, the officers of the Lodge, following a custom of the time, left behind them a copy of their Irish warrant to enable the local brethren to continue their Masonic meetings. The copy was endorsed as follows: We, the Master, Wardens and Brethren of a Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons, No. 74, Registry of Ireland, held in the second Battalion Royal, [50] Masonic Beginnings in Colonial New York adorned with all the honors, and assembled in due form. Do hereby declare, eertify and attest, that Whereas, our body is very numerous by the addi- tion of many new members, merchants and inhabitants of the city of Albany, they having earnestly requested and besought us to enable them to hold a Lodge during our absence from them and we knowing them to be men of undoubted reputation and men of skill and ability in Masonry, and desirous to promote the welfare of the Craft: We have, therefore by unanimous consent and agreement, given them an exact true copy of our Warrant as above, and have properly installed Mr. Richard Cartright. Mr. Henry Bostwick and Mr. Win, Ferguson, as Assistant Master and Wardens of our body, allowing them to set and act during our absence, or until they, by our assistance, can procure a separate WARRANT for themselves from the GRAND LODGE IN IRELAND. Given under our hands and seal of our Lodge in the City of Albany, the eleventh day of April, in the year of MASONRY, 5759, and in the year of our LORD GOD 1759. John Steadman, Secretary. Anias Sutherland, Master. Charles Caldeb, Senior Warden. Thomas Parker, Junior Warden. The Lodge continued to work under the copied warrant until Feb- ruary 21, 1765, when it was granted a charter as Union Lodge No. 1, by Provincial Grand Master Harison. The charter as confirmed by Sir John Johnson, Grand Master, on July 30, 1773, and under it the Lodge continued to work until the close of the War for Indepen- dence. After a period of struggle to maintain an isolated existence, it finally surrendered its Colonial warrant and received a warrant from the Grand Lodge of the State of New York, on January 6, 1807. Its present name, adopted at that time, is Mount Vernon Lodge, No. 3. The Brethren of Mount Vernon, No. 3, are inclined to consider their Lodge the oldest in the State, because the original charter under which its founders worked was issued by the Grand Lodge of Ireland, in 1737. The Lodge, as an Albany unit, dates from April 11th, 1759. The authority under which it started under way, is of questionable validity, being a legally unauthorized warrant. The charter granted it by George Harison, on February 21st, 1765, made it a duly con- stituted Lodge, under the name, of Union, No. 1. This latter is the true date of its constitution and was confirmed as such by the Grand Lodge of New York. However, Mount Vernon Lodge, No. 3, is justi- fied in the claim that its continuous history can be traced back farther than that of any other surviving Lodge in the State, though it must yield precedence, in point of priority, to St. John's, No. 1, and Inde- pendent Royal Arch, No. 2, as a New York Lodge. [51] Masonic Beginnings in Colonial New York ST. PATRICK'S LODGE, NO. 8 On May 3d, 1766, Grand Master Harison issued a charter to St. Patrick's Lodge at Johnstown, beginning in this wise: Know ye that we, of the great trust and confidence reposed in our worthy and well-beloved brother, the Honorable Sir William Johnson, Baronet, do hereby constitute and appoint him to be our Master; tiny Johnson, Esq.. Senior Warden; Daniel Claus, Esq., Junior Warden; and John Butler, Secretary of the St. Patrick's Lodge, No. 8, to be held in Johnson hall, in the county of Albany, in the Province of New York. Sir William, as the name of his lodge suggests, was an Irishman. He had come to America, about 1735, at the age of twenty, and soon won great distinction, especially for his remarkable influence with the Indians, whose confidence and friendship he held to the end of his life. In 1755, he was made commander of the provincial troops, and soon after became Superintendent of Indian Affairs. Johnson Hall, which is named in the lodge warrant, was his baronial resi- dence, at Johnstown. He died on July 11, 1774. Guy Johnson, the Senior Warden, was Sir William's son-in-law, and held the post of Assistant Superintendent of Indian Affairs. Daniel Clause, the Junior Warden, was also a son-in-law of Sir William and, becoming distinguished for his bravery as a soldier, rose to the rank of Colonel. The original charter and the old jewels, which are now in the possession of the lodge, were carried away by Sir John Johnson, when, loyal to the Royalist cause, he fled to Canada, during the Revolution. On June 3, 1831, Sir John returned to the Lodge the old Provincial Warrant, together with jewels, mostly of silver and presented to it by Sir William Johnson. The records of St. Patrick's Lodge are complete from its organization in 1766 to the present time. The Lodge is No. 4 in the present State list of Lodges. masters' lodge, no. 2 In 1767 a warrant had been issued by the Grand Lodge of England appointing Sir John Johnson Provincial Grand Master. The instal- lation not taking place until 1771, Grand Master Harison continued to exercise the prerogatives of the office in the interim. This condi- tion appears to have created some confusion in the minds of the brethren. In 1768 George Harison constituted Masters' Lodge at Albany, which is at present No. 5 in the list of lodges under the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of the State. William Gamble was the first Master. The following year Dr. Samuel Stringer was elected to the [52] Masonic Beginnings in Colonial New York East. Under a misapprehension as to Grand Master Harison's powers, Dr. Stringer addressed a petition to Sir John Johnson asking that a new warrant be issued and the lodge designated St. John the Evangelist's Lodge, No. 2, of Albany. No reason was given for the requested change, but the letter accompanying the petition stated, "The reasons for renewing our warrant are many and urgent." Sir John replied promptly, assuring the Master and the brethren of his good will," but stating plainly that he could not be regarded as Grand Master until after his installation. The Albany brethren made no further request for a change, and the lodge retained its original name. Masters' Lodge became very popular. Its relations with "Ineffable Lodge of Perfection" (Scottish Rite), organized on December 20th, 1767, appear to have been particularly intimate. Both bodies united in the building of a "house" for their joint accommodation on the site occupied by the present beautiful Masonic Temple of Albany. The "Ineffable" managed to be on the best of terms with the lodges all around. It joined with St. Patrick's Lodge, in a public procession, in 1769, and celebrated St. John Evangelist Day in fraternal union with St. George's of Schenectady, and Union and Masters' of Albany, on December 27, 1774. SOLOMON'S LODGE, NO. 1 The last lodge known to have been warranted by Grand Master Harison was Solomon's, No. 1, at Poughkeepsie, on April 18, 1771. Robert R. Livingston, Master of Union Lodge, New York City, as the deputized acting Grand Master, read the warrant and installed the officers. He continued to take an active interest in the lodge through- out his long and noble life. The most notable event in the history of this once prominent lodge was probably the visit with which George Washington honored it, on December 27, 1782. The brethren were almost to a man on the side of the patriots. In the minutes of May 16, 1781, appeared this significant item: Ordered that the name of Benedict Arnold be considered as obliterated from the Minutes of this Lodge. Solomon's continued in more or less active operation until 1827; after that year it failed to be represented in the Grand Lodge and was not heard from again. The warrant issued by George Harison for the constituting of Solomon's, No. 1, read as follows: ( L. Sigile. ) To All and every our Right Worshipful, Worshipful and loving Brethren, We, George Harison, of the City of New York in the [53] Masonic Beginnings in Colonial New York Province of New York in America, Provincial Grand Master of the Ancient and Honorable Society of Free and Accepted Masons. Send Greeting: Know Ye, that of the great trust and confidence reposed in our worthy and well beloved Brother, .lames Livingston, Esq., and on the recommenda- tion of Our Worthy Brother, Robert R. Livingston, Junr., Esq., We do hereby Constitute and appoint the said James Livingston, Esq., to be Master of the Solomon's Lodge, No. One, to be holden at Poughkeepsie, in Dutchess County and Province of New York in America, and we do also at his own desire appoint Dr. John Lewis and John Child to be the Senior and Junior Wardens of the said Lodge with full power and authority in due form to make Masons and also to do all and every such other acts and things appertaining to the said office as usually have been and ought to be done and executed by other Masters. He our said Master taking especial care that all and every the members of his said Lodge have been regularly made Masons, and that they do observe, perform and keep all and every the Rules, Orders and Regulations contained into (sic) the Book of Constitutions (such only as have been repealed are excepted), together with all such other Rules, Orders and Regulations or Instructions as shall from time to time be transmitted to you by Us or Our successors. Grand Master of this province for the time being: And we do hereby will and require You our said Master to cause four Quarterly Communications to be held Yearly, One whereof to be upon or as near the Feast! day of St. John the Baptist as conveniently may be, and that you promote on that and all other occasions whatever may be for the Honor and Advantage of Masonry and the Benefit of the Grand Charity, and that you transmit unto Us and Our Successors Quarterly, an Account in Writing of the proceedings of your Lodge, when and where held, with a List of the members thereof and Copies of such Rules, Orders and Regulations as you shall make for the good Government thereof, with whatever else you shall do by virtue of these presents, always remembering the Grand end proposed in Masonry (Universal Benevolence to all men, but to Masons particularly). THIS DONE by virtue of the power and authority vested in us by Our Commission, bearing date in London, the ninth day of June, A. D. 1753, A. L. 5753, under the hand and seal of John Proby, Baron of Carysfort in the County of Wicklow in the Kingdom of Ireland, the then GRAND Mx\STE'R of ENGLAND, appointing Us, Grand Master in and over this Province of New York in America. GIVEN under our hand and seal of Masonry in the City of New York this eighteenth day of April, A. D. 1771: A. L. 5771. (Signed) George Harison, P. G. M. (Signed) Robert R. Livingston, Junr., Master of the Z T nion Lodge. [54] ^Masonic Beginnings in Colonial New York ST. GEORGE'S, NO. 1 On October 4th, 1773, Masters' Lodge, No. 2, at Albany, received a petition for the formation of a Lodge at Schenectady. The record in the minutes runs as follows: A Petition to the Eight Worshipful Provincial Grand Master, Sir John Johnson, Knight. Signed by Bros. Christopher Yates, John Hugham of Schenectady, and Benjamin Hilton. Jr.. praying to be formed into a regular body by the name of "St. George's Lodge" in Schenectady, and to obtain a. Warrant to them, and their successors, appointing Christopher Yates, Master, John Hugham, Senior, and Benjamin Hilton, Junior Wardens, was presented to this body for their recommendation; and was signed by the Worshipful Master and Wardens, and the Lodge Seal affixed thereto. This record represents the first known instance in New York of the observance of a principle, which is at present generally enforced, that a recommendation by the geographically nearest Lodge must accompany the petition for a new Lodge. The petition of the Schenectady brethren was approved by Masters' Lodge and sent to Sir John Johnson, then the Provincial Grand Master for New York, who granted the dispensation for the institution of St. George's Lodge, on June 21st, 1774. The warrant of constitution was issued under date of September 14th, 1774. MILITARY LODGES The practice of granting warrants to Masons in the military and naval service empowering them to form Lodges in the regiments or other units to which they were attached, originated in Ireland. The premier Grand Lodge of England followed the precedent. Scotland also gave encouragement to the plan. After the Antients got under way, they, too, granted such migratory warrants. Wherever the warrant was, there was the Lodge. The very nature of the conse- quent instability suggests that the records of these traveling Lodges could not be kept accurately, and that the task of following then- fortunes must prove an almost hopeless one. Nevertheless, the ambu- lant Lodges played an important part in the spreading of Free- masonry and left behind them in many places nuclei of stationary Lodges which would in the course of time receive due recognition from whatever lawful Masonic authority might be applied to for regularization. New York had its share of the harvest sown by military Lodges within her confines. We have had occasion to refer to the rise of Union, No. 1, at Albany, from the Masonic remnant left behind when [55] Masonic Beginnings in Colonial New York a military Lodge warranted by the Grand Lodge of Ireland left for another field of operation, after a stay of about two years. Harison regularized the unit. A Lodge was formed at Lake George, in 1757, one in 1759 and another in 1762, at Crown Point, by James Gridley, Provincial Grand Master of North America. George Harison issued a warrant to Brethren of the 60th Regiment, Foot Guards, in 1764, "to hold a Lodge of Masons, No. 1, at Detroit, under whatever name the said Master and his officers should please to distinguish it." The name adopted was Zion Lodge, No. 1. There is no need of multiplying information about Lodges which had their short day and then were heard of no more. The Lodges that took an active part in forming the organization which became the Grand Lodge of the State of New York, will be mentioned in a later chapter. We ought to say a word, however, about two military Lodges which left behind them a distinct impress of their influence. ST. JOHN'S REGIMENTAL LODGE Sir John Johnson, Provincial Grand Master for New York, having left for Canada, at the beginning of hostilities in the War for Ameri- can Independence, his prerogatives descended upon his Deputy, Dr. Peter Middleton, who exercised them with tact and a due regard for the feelings swaying the population of the Province. He issued th Grand Master is appointed. You are to promote in your Lodge the utmost Harmony and Brotherly Love, and to keep up the Constitutions. The Lodge was formally constituted on the day following the receipt of the warrant and started on its career with a membership of twenty. Shortly after this it was removed to New York. As the warrant was valid only "where no Grand Master is appointed," the Lodge applied to Dr. Peter Middleton, the Deputy Grand Master, for a confirmation. This was denied, but a new warrant was issued con- stituting the Lodge as Military Union, No. 1. The Brethren did not relish the new designation, but accepted it, voted that the furniture belonging to them as American Union should be "considered as only lent to Military Union Lodge," and continued to work and be known under the more favored original name. Then followed the battles of Long Island and Harlem, in which three of the Brethren were killed, and Joel Clark and several others were taken prisoners by the British, "by which misfortune the Lodge was deprived of its Master and some worthy members, and many other brethren were called to act in several departments, whereby the Lodge stood closed without day." On March 19th, 1777, a remnant, having possession of the war- rants, opened a Lodge at Redding, Connecticut. Joel Clark having died in prison, Samuel Holden Parsons was elected Master, and regu- lar communications were resumed. March 25th, 1779, was celebrated as a gala occasion, General Israel Putnam and other military officers, all of them Masons, having been invited to be present. The first toast was given in honor of General Washington and was followed by one to the memory of Brothers Warren, Montgomery and Wooster, who had sealed their devotion to the cause of American Independence by the sacrifice of their lives. . Less than two months later, American Union Lodge appeared again in New York, at Nelson's Point on the Hudson. General Samuel Holden Parsons, wdio had been the Master and was now the Senior Warden, had succeeded General Putnam in the command of the Con- necticut Line, with headquarters at the Robinson House, opposite West Point. In this historic building were held many memorable meetings, chief among them a celebration of the Festival of St. John [57] Masonic Beginnings in Colonial New York Evangelist, in the summer of 1779, which was attended by George Washington and his family and many distinguished military leaders. Among the patriots initiated in American Union Lodge, during its stay on the banks of the Hudson, were Colonel Rufus Putnam, then in charge of construction of the fortifications of West Point, and Colonel John Brooks, who later became Governor of Massachusetts. In December, 1779, the Lodge was at work in the winter quarters of the Army, at Morristown, New Jersey. There were at least two other military Lodges in camp, St. John's Regimental and Washington, No. 10. The latter Lodge had been warranted, in October, by Grand Master Joseph Webb of the "ancient" Grand Lodge of Massachusetts, and had been constituted on November 11th, while the i*egiment to which it was attached was stationed at West Point. General John Patterson was its first Master, and Colonel Benjamin Tupper and Major William Hull (General Hull of the War of 1812), were the first Wardens. The records of Washington Lodge were lost during the war, and its activities can only be guessed at from scattered notices in the minutes of other Lodges. The great Lafayette, who is known to have been made a Mason in America, appears to have been initiated in this Lodge named after his revered friend. American Union Lodge, ever on the alert for the advancement of Freemasonry among the patriots, conceived the plan of uniting all American Masons under one general Grand Master. The celebration of St. John Evangelist Day was chosen to win support for the project. A public procession was organized, headed by a band of music. The festal Lodge was attended by more than a hundred Masons, "Bro. Washington" heading the list of distinguished visitors. An address was read representing a petition to be sent to the several Provincial Grand Masters in the United States, in which, after expressing regret that "the misfortunes of war" had separated American Masons from the Grand Lodges of Europe, these reasons were set forth why a new organization should be effected: Considering the present situation of our Lodges and Masonry in general, the necessity for the honor of the craft, and the importance of enjoying the benefits of so valuable an institution, that some exertions are made for checking the present irregularities, restoring peace and harmony to the lodges and for the re-establishment of the Order on the ancient respec- table foundation, which we conceive can never be done more effectively than by the appointment of a Grand Master in and over the United States of America. We, therefore, most earnestly request that the present Provincial Grand Masters in the respective said United States would take some measures for the appointment of a Grand Master in and over the said Thirteen United States of America. [58] Masonic Beginnings in Colonial New York The gathering greeted the proposition with enthusiasm and voted "that the petition be circulated through the different lines of the army, and that a committee be appointed from the different lodges in the army, from each line and from the staff, to convene on the first Monday of February to take the foregoing petition into consideration." The proposed convention was held on the appointed day. There were ten delegates representing American Union, St. John's Regimental, Washington, No. 10, and the Masons of seven States. General Mor- decai Gist, who later became Grand Master of Masons in South Carolina, was chosen to preside. An address was formulated asking the Provincial Grand Masters in America to help promote the estab- lishment of a supreme Grand Lodge for the United States under one Grand Master General "to preside over and govern all other lodges of whatsoever degree or denomination, licensed or to be licensed upon the continent." Much discussion and correspondence followed the issuance of the address, but the dream was never realized. Georgia, the Carolinas, Maryland, and other States revived the idea from time to time, but it failed to commend itself to the craft, which looked upon a centralization of power with suspicion. In July, 1780, we find American Union Lodge again at work on the banks of the Hudson. In 1782, it united with Washington Lodge, No. 10, in the celebration of St. John Baptist Day, at West Point. After this, meetings were held for a time at Verplanck's Point. The last communication of which any record is preserved was held at West Point, on April 23rd, 1783. The disbanding of the Army is no doubt the explanation. On October 22nd, 1791, there was read in the Grand Lodge of New York a letter, dated Marietta, Ohio, 1791, conveying the information that "to illumine their path in the Wilderness of the West" a number of Brethren had "incorporated themselves into a Lodge, under a Warrant, by the name of the American Union Lodge, No. 1. It was signed by Benjamin Tupper and Rufus Putnam as Wardens. CLOSE OF THE FIRST PROVINCIAL GRAND LODGE The First Provincial Grand Lodge of New York, derived from the premier Grand Lodge of England, did not survive the shock of the Revolution, chiefly because its last Grand Master saw fit to iden- tify his fortunes with Great Britain in a manner which could not but make his very name odious to American patriots. Moreover, the headstrong Royalist, on leaving for Canada, had taken with him the deputation giving him authority to direct Masonic affairs in New York. If he had turned the warrant over to his Deputy, the likelihood is that this tactful leader could have held the Lodges together, and the [59] Masonic Beginnings in Colonial New York- history of the Grand Lodge of New York might now trace its begin- ning to the formation of the Provincial Grand Lodge by George Harison, if not to an earlier date. Sir John Johnson by his inexcusa- ble proceedings gave an opening to the Antients who, as we shal 1 presently see, took quick advantage of the situation and established themselves firmly in the State. Nevertheless, we owe a great debt of gratitude to the official agents of the premier Grand Lodge of England. They succeeded in dissemi- nating the pure principles of Freemasonry among the colonists and to inspire them with the lofty principles of our noble institution. In the Lodges founded upon a firm belief in the Fatherhood of God and the brotherhood of all men, our forebears learned the fundamental lessons of liberty under the law and equality before the law. There they were taught to keep their passions in due bounds, promote one another's welfare, respect the religious convictions of men, and work together as brothers for the common good. The Lodges raised the leaders in the struggle for the freedom and independence of the United States and developed the ideas which form the foundations of the Constitution of our country. Although Freemasonry in New York issued from the premier Grand Lodge of England, all the Lodges formed under these auspices were essentially training schools of American patriots, while the Lodges constituted by the Antients, which formed the organization from which our pi'esent Grand Lodge, officially, derives its existence, were composed almost wholly of British soldiers and officials bent on preventing the success of the Revolution. In New England it was not so, nor in most of the other States. The fact that the city of New York was occupied by the British accounts no doubt for the difference. After General Howe had taken New York, in 1776, the city became invested with British troops. A large portion of the officers and members of old St. John's Lodge, loyal to the American cause, fol- lowed Washington on his northward retreat, taking the Lodge war- rant with them. The Royalist and other members who stayed behind, continued to meet and were later on given a warrant as St. John's, No. 4, by the Provincial Grand Lodge of the Antients. Of the doings of Independent Royal, the only other surviving old Lodge, no record has been preserved, if there were any doings during the period of the city's occupation. It is more than likely that not one of the origi- nal lodges constituted under the auspices of the premier Grand Lodge of England remained in the invested city. Up-State conditions were more favorable to the sons of liberty. Union (now Mt. Vernon, No. 3) and Masters Lodges at Albany, [60] Masonic Beginnings in Colonial New York Solomon's at Poughkeepsie, and St. George's at Schenectady, met more or less regularly during the whole period of the Revolution. All of them were aflame with zeal for the cause of American free- dom, and among their members were to be found many officers of the Continental Army. One-half the number of 150 members of St. George's, the Lodge constituted by Sir John Johnson, were in the military service of the United States, and the communications went on uninterruptedly. St. John's Military Lodge was in winter quarters at Morristown with Washington. Thus all that remained of the original Lodges were identified with the cause of the United States. Whatever of stability, strength and inspiring force Freemasonry possessed in the State of New York when British rule came to an end, was derived from the first Provincial Grand Lodge which passed out of existence when an Atholl warrant was transmitted to our shores authorizing the establishment of a new regimen. the atholl provincial grand lodge 1781 to 1784 In the British regiments ordered to America to suppress the rising rebellion of the colonies, there were a large number of military Lodges which managed to leave a marked influence on Masonic development, particularly in the city of New York. The majority of these Lodges had been warranted by the Grand Lodge of the Antients, then better known as the Atholl Grand Lodge of England, the Duke of Atholl being its Grand Master at that time. The few Lodges holding warrants from Ireland or Scotland worked in close harmony with the Antients, the ritual and customs of the three Grand Lodges being very much alike, while differing in some points from the system of the premier Grand Lodge of England. Eventually the Antients gained the upper hand. Their principal merit was that they kept close to the humanity of the great middle class, preserved the original democracy of the craft and saved Masonry from becoming an aristocratic insti- tution, or a fraternity of snobs. That is the glory of the Antients, which nobody can deny them. They were a thorn in the flesh of the premier Grand Lodge, a thorn it needed to keep it from exalting itself above measure. The question of "regularity" did not trouble the Colonial Breth- ren in America, if it did form a subject for acrimonious discussions in English Masonic circles. They saw no reason for avoiding Masonic intercourse with Antient Brethren who were acknowl- edged as regular by the Grand Lodges of Ireland and Scotland. I 61 I Masonic Beginnings in Colonial New York In the Province of New York, the last impediment to a free ming- ling of Brethren, made under the older dispensation, with the members of the steadily increasing number of Antient Lodges, was removed when Sir John Johnson hied away to Canada and took his Provincial warrant with him. The up-State Brethren missed their opportunity for erecting a Grand Lodge at Albany or Poughkeepsie, and left the field open for New York City to make the move. THE INCHOATE GRAND LODGE OF NEW YORK The Lodges connected with the military units quartered in New York City were dominated by the Antients, and these now had the field practically to themselves. The leading Lodge was No. 16 9 of "Antient York Masons." It held a warrant as a British Field Lodge, under which it had been constituted, while located in Boston, on July 13th, 1771. The warrant emanated from the Antient Grand Lodge of England. On the evacuation of Boston, in 1776, No. 169 followed the British military forces to New York. Here it saw the opportunity of uniting the several military Lodges now located in the city into a Provincial Grand Lodge. Accordingly it called a con- vention of the Lodges, which opened, on January 2 3rd, 1781, under the warrant of No. 16 9. There were present twenty-nine represen- tatives of seven Lodges. Past Master James McCuen, of No. 169, presided. A permanent formation was agreed upon, and officers were elected, as follows: the Rev. William Walter, M. A., of No. 169, Grand Master; John Studholme Brownrigg, of No. 441, Senior Grand War- den; the Rev. John Beardsley, of No. 210, Junior Grand Warden. Information of the proceedings was transmitted to the Antient Grand Lodge at London, with a request for authority to make the organi- zation legal and permanent. Nothing now stood in the way of a legal organization of the new Provincial Grand Lodge of New York. A warrant authorizing this consummation was forwarded from England in the fall of 1782. The document bore the date of September 5th, 1781. Its earlier transmission had been retarded no doubt by war conditions. It is to this warrant that the Grand Lodge of New York traces its lawful establishment. The first meeting, under the authority of the Atholl warrant, was held in Roubalet's Assembly Hall, New York City, on December 5th, 1782. There were present the Rev. William Walter, Grand Master, and the other officers mentioned in the warrant, together with the representatives of nine Lodges, one of them under dispensation. Officers were chosen by election and duly installed. [62] Jdasonic Beginnings in Colonial New York After paying due homage to the Grand Officers, the Lodges which were represented surrendered their warrants and received them again as coining from the Provincial Grand Lodge of New York. CLOSE OF THE ATHOLL ORGANIZATION Political events began to reveal that the independence of the United States was assured. New York was, at this time, the only place of importance still remaining in the hands of the British. The shifting of army officers and troops showed its effects in the Grand Lodge, which, as already suggested, was largely controlled by sympathizers with the Royalist organization. November 25th, 1783, had been fixed upon by the victorious Amer- ican Army as the day when the British troops were to evacuate New York City. In anticipation of this memorable event, a "Grand Lodge of Emergency" was held, on September 19th, to discuss the propriety of "leaving the Grand Warrant in New York City." It was finally resolved that the Warrant should "remain in the care of such brethren as may hereafter be appointed to succeed the present Grand Officers, the most of whom are under the necessity of leaving New York upon the removal of His Majesty's troops." The Rev. Dr. Walter, who was chaplain of De Lancey's 3d Battal- ion, was compelled to leave for Nova Scotia. On his nomination, Junior Grand Warden Cock was elected and installed as Grand Master. At the meeting of February 4th, 1784, Grand Master Cock re- signed his office and nominated as his successor the Hon. Robert R. Livingston, Chancellor of the State of New York. The election of this distinguished American patriot closed the brief existence of the Provincial Grand Lodge and opened the history of the Grand Lodge of the State of New York. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE SOVEREIGN GRAND LODGE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK When Robert R. Livingston assumed the Grand Mastership, in 178 4, the British Army Lodges had disappeared. The only Lodges united in the Grand Lodge of the State of New York at the time of his election were Nos. 169, 210, 212, St. John's No. 4, Hiram No. 5 and Union No. 8, all of them located in New York City. Union, No. 8, had been "healed" and admitted to Grand Lodge membership in 1783. This and, possibly, Hiram were the only Lodges, so far, which could trace their authority to a warrant from [63] Masonic Beginnings in Colonial New York the premier Grand Lodge of England. Nos. 169, 210, and 212 were Antient, as was the charter which created the Grand Lodge of New York. The only other Lodges in New York City, not yet affiliated with the Grand Lodge, were St. John's, No. 2, and Royal Arch, No. 8. Temple and Trinity Lodges, if in existence, were dormant. The Lodges in the state, outside of New York City, were all of them "Modern." At Albany were Union and Masters; at Johnstown was St. Patrick's; at Poughkeepsie, Solomon's; at Schenectady, St. George's; at Clark's Town, St. John's. A warrant had been issued to a Lodge on Long Island, but it was never heard of as being active. The first problem confronting the Grand Master was how to gather into the Grand Lodge the Lodges established under authority of the premier Grand Lodge of England. Fortunately, the contentions which divided Moderns and Antients, in Great Britain, had never troubled the American brethren very pronouncedly. Unsettled con- ditions prevailing everywhere, the question of authority between Grand Lodges aroused little, if any, partisan strife. Organization was the need of the hour. As a matter of fact, the old authority, vested by the premier Grand Lodge of England in Sir John Johnson, was still in existence. How- ever, this ardent Royalist was a fugitive from his native country and had taken with him his own warrant and also that of St. Patrick's Lodge of Johnstown. His Deputy, Dr. Middleton, had died, and no one had been appointed to take his place. The Atholl charter, therefore, was the only valid official document at hand, authorizing the Masons in the State of New York to meet in Grand Lodge. That simplified the process of assimilation and union. The fact that Chancellor Livingston himself had been Master of a Lodge originally identified with the premier Grand Lodge, made it easier to overcome any existing scruples. After he had been duly installed, inducted in the chair and proclaimed Grand Master, St. John's, No. 2, and Royal Arch, No. 8, surrendered their warrants and joined the State Grand Lodge. At the Grand Lodge of Emergency, held on June 2d, 1784, other "Moderns" appeared. There were present also representatives of Union and Masters', at Albany; of Solomon, at Poughkeepsie, and of St. John's, at Clarke's Town, who "acknowledged the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge and were accorded seats." Peter W. Yates, for thirty-seven years Master of Union Lodge, at Albany, was elected Senior Grand Warden, soon after. Only one "Modern" Lodge now remained unaffiliated, and that was St. George's, of Schenectady. The sole supreme authority of the Grand Lodge in the State of New York was established. f 64 I Masonic Beginnings in Colonial New York The next thing undertaken was the gathering of unattached brethren into Lodges. No fewer than eighty-three Lodges were added to the roll under the Grand Mastership of Chancellor Living- ston. Many of these Lodges have survived to the present day. The Grand Lodge, while doing its best to increase its numerical strength, showed a nice sense of justice by denying, in 178 5, a petition for a Lodge at Perth Amboy, New Jersey, thereby making clear that jurisdiction was to be confined to the State of New York. Meanwhile, some irritation arose in the city over the order of precedence in public processions. A committee of influential mem- bers was appointed to handle the delicate subject. Before the com- mittee could report, a meeting of the Grand Lodge adopted this ringing declaration: "No Lodge can exist in this state but under the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge." The committee took the cue and reported on June 6, 1787, in sub- stance, as follows: The Grand Lodge of this state is established according to the ancient and universal usages of Masonry, upon a constitution formed by the repre- sentatives of the regular Lodges, convened under a legal warrant from the Grand Lodge of England, dated the fifth day of September, in the year of Masonry 5781, the Most Noble Prince John, the Third Duke of Atholl, being the then Grand Master. . . . Nothing is necessary or essential in the future proceedings of the Grand Lodge but that a committee be appointed to prepare a draft of the style of warrants to be hereafter granted by the Grand Lodge, comformable to said constitution. The report was confirmed and its recommendation adopted. The Lodges were ordered to deliver up their old warrants and to take out new ones as soon as the question of precedence of rank could be determined, and a new form of warrant printed. The only Lodge remaining obdurate was No. 210, which wrote, under date of December 5, 1787, "entreating indulgence until they received answers to letters that had been written to the Grand Lodge of England respecting the authority of constitution, we having laid aside the Provincial Grand Warrant." The answer of the Grand Lodge was prompt and emphatic: That the dues of Lodge No. 210 be paid up in twenty days and they acknowledge the supremacy of this Grand Lodge, otherwise have their names erased from the books and be reported to the different lodges in the state. No. 210 speedily submitted. The independence and supremacy of the Grand Lodge was settled. To emphasize the fact still further, the seal was ordered changed, on September 3, 1788, to bear the legend, "Grand Lodge of the State of New York." [65] W/W:? 1 V@pw owneC NAME IN EVERY PAIR ^ Whatever the ^J material — leather silk or fabric; whatever the occasion, you can depend on the fit and style of Fownes fc LOVES FOR MEN. WOMEN & CHILDREN If you cannot secure them from your regular dealer, kindly address us at FOWNES BROTHERS and COMPANY Incorporated 119 WEST 40th STREET, NEW YORK £ r«*S>, :i [74] Washington, the Man and the Mason ■■I American independence, not that he was the master builder of the new government, not that he alone was the fountainhead of the prin- ciples and ideals to which the Republic was pledged; no, it was because having been made by the suffrages of his countrymen the pilot that his spirit became the dominating factor in the launching of the ship of state and the guiding of its course over the first shoals and past, the hidden rocks on which had been wrecked many a gallant vessel bound for the isles of democracy. It was the patriot Washington who could win and hold the co- operation of such dissimilar geniuses as Hamilton and Jefferson and draw out of them the best that was in them for the strengthening of the Republic, it was the man Washington who was trusted by the common people through good and evil report — who taught the world what Americanism means. He taught this by his fearless stand for justice and right, his purity of purpose, his disinterested zeal for the honor of his country, his noble humility and dignified manliness welded into one substance, his reverence for the moral law, his im- plicit trust in God, his faith in mankind, and the breath of his sym- pathy for honest toilers in every walk of life. These and others are the qualities by which he has won the hearts of Americans of all time. We are not concerned here with Washington as a military leader, else we should have to study him as the great strategist that he was, to speak of his dauntless courage, of his readiness to take all risks himself coupled with a firm unwillingness to sacrifice the lives of others recklessly, and of much else. Neither do we want to refer to the magnificent services rendered to his country as a citizen and a statesman. All we are trying to pick out are glimpses here and there which show us the man as a man, and reveal traits that often escape us when we read and hear about him in his public life and activities. To be "first in the hearts of his countrymen," a man must be human. Eulogists of the pessimist type cannot grasp so simple a fact. Only the super-human, the ethereal, the Nirvanic — if there is such an adjective— is to them capable of stirring admiration. Even if they were right in this, they would still have to show that admira- tion and love are twin-sisters, which they are not. Alexander, called the Great because he reaped conquests for which the genius of his father had prepared the way and the means, was admired and feared in his time, and he is still admired by many, but he never won the love of any people, least of all his own Macedonians. Washington was loved by his people, and no hero of history is loved by his people as he is now and ever will be so long as America and freedom remain synonyms in the thoughts and hearts of patriots. Washington is admired for what he did and loved for what he was. [75] I GARFIELD NATIONAL BANK Fifth Avenue and Twenty-third Street *$$& * f ER -tfc>: *»» ? /T 76 1 interesting to note that the corridors and restaurants of these great New York hotels present a daily panorama in the smart- ly gowned women and well- dressed men who are their guests. WALDORF-ASTORIA Fifth Avenue at 34th St., New York Roy Carruthers Managing Director HOTEL McALPIN HOTEL CLARIDGE Broadway at 34th St., New York Broadway at 44th St., New York Joseph Carney :: : Manager Fred A. Reed Managing Director HOTEL WOODSTOCK 43rd St., E. of B'way, NewYork A. E. Singleton Resident Manager MARTINIQUE Broadway at 32nd St,, NewYork Frank E. Jago :: Resident Manager Under the direction 0/ L. M. Boomer *=:<2^= H*.V =r<*S>: A [80] Washington, the Man and the Mason Washington. If he was exacting in the enforcement of agreements of every kind, he was also generous to a fault and ever ready to relieve distress and help the suffering. He had many black pensioners on his estate. "Nelson, the good sorrel who had borne him so bravely in the field till Yorktown," thereafter went "forever unsaddled, free in his own pasture." Perhaps we ought to add here, too, that Wash- ington in his testament, which, as might be expected, was written in his own hand, cancelled debts amounting to thousands of dollars loaned by him from time to time to all sorts of people duly named to have no mistake about it. Legacies are made to many obscure persons who for one reason or other were remembered as worthy of special tokens of appreciation. He also ordered that all his slaves should be set free. Washington, while himself an example of moral rectitude and manly purity, had no illusions about human nature. Perhaps the very passions which he felt surging within but would not permit to gain the mastery, had taught him to devise sternly reasonable meas- ures of discipline for the weak-willed and the vicious among the persons placed under his authority and general care. One of his "general orders" to the army contained these directions: "Let vice and immorality of every kind be discouraged. Gaming of all sorts is expressly forbidden, as being the foundation of evil and the cause of many, many a brave and gallant officer's ruin." Yet he was not at all pedantic or austere; on the contrary, he encouraged indulgence in pleasures which made for real sociability. As for himself, he was fond of fox-hunting and deer-stalking, would travel miles to see a horse-race, entered with zest into vigorous outdoor sports, was fond of music and stately dances, enjoyed his after-dinner glass of Madeira, played a good rubber, and was as susceptible to the charms of the gentle sex as any Virginian and any military man. Vulgarity and vile language he loathed and would not permit in his presence. On the other hand, he liked to hear and relate a good story, and though "he could not tell a lie" he did say, when speaking of his campaign experiences, that Jersey mosquitoes can "bite through the thickest boot." Morgan Lewis, one of the signers of the Declaration of Indepen- dence, distinguished for military leadership in the Revolutionary War and the War of 1812, and later for many years Grand Master of Masons in New York, shared the sleeping apartment of the Commander-in-Chief, for three weeks, about the time of Burgoyne's surrender, which gave him an exceptional opportunity for observing Washington's personal habits, and he relates that he never saw the General resting or idle, and, whether he sat up late or rose early, he never saw Washington otherwise than at work. Despite all this [81] Washington, the Man and the Mason and an abundance of similar testimony, H. G. Wells goes out of his way, in his "Outline of History," to deliver himself of the remark that G. W. was "a conspicuously indolent man." Somehow European writers are, as a rule, quite unable to under- stand the modest, awe-inspiring, genial, stern, courteous, democratic country gentleman who could organize a disunited lot of colonies into a fighting unit, lead them to victory and then weld them into a nation. The conflicting qualities which go to make up a genuine American are the despair of men who do not come in daily contact with unity in variety. One who does not live Americanism can never understand America. The British realized this to their consternation, in 1776, and Germany had to experience a similar shock, in 1917. And with- out a knowledge of America no mortal living will ever understand George Washington. WASHINGTON AS A FREEMASON There is no doubt that Washington's debt to Masonry has been overrated by many well meaning orators and writers of our fraternity. On the other hand, Freemasonry owes much to him for having evinced, to the end of his noble life, a sincere regard for its beneficent prin- ciples and inspiring design, never hesitating on occasion to acknowl- edge publicly his affiliation with the Craft and to endorse its professed objects, thereby establishing it in the favor of American patriots and lovers of justice and freedom everywhere, and adding to its former glories the lustre of his fame. We have spoken of him as a man. The qualities of his personality mark him as an exemplar of Freemasonry at its best: his religiousness, the purity of his moral conduct, the unselfishness of his motives, his honorable dealings with all men, his patriotism, his untiring zeal in promoting the happiness of mankind, his love of freedom, his tolerant spirit, and his unswerving loyalty to truth and justice. Washington was made a Mason in Fredericksburg Lodge, No. 4, in Virginia, on November 4th, 1752, when he was twenty years of age. He was "passed a Fellow Craft" on March 3d, 1753, and five months later, on August 4th, was "raised Master Mason." On Decem- ber 28th, 1778, while in Philadelphia, he marched in the St. John's Day procession of the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania, and attended the Masonic service held in Christ Church. During the Revolutionary War he visited lodges, as occasion offered, and attended Masonic celebrations of the festivals of St. John Baptist and St. John Evangelist with American Union Lodge, in 1779, at the Robinson House, opposite West Point on the Hudson, in our own State, and at Morristown, in New Jersey. His name appears in the list of visitors who honored Solomon's Lodge, at Poughkeepsie, by [83] r.o^ f -=^^>i COMMERCIAL POSTERS WITH REAL ADVERTISING VALUE RITCHEY LITHOGRAPHING CORP. 406 West 31st Street, New York City JAMES V. RITCHEY - Pres. DANIEL PETIGOR - V.-Pres. I SI DOR WOLFF - - Treas. K<2^ **&*■ J« 84 ] Washington, the Man and the Mason their presence, on December 27th, 1782. In the summer of 1785, he celebrated St. John Baptist Day with the brethren of the Lodge at Alexandria, Virginia. Three years later he became Master of this lodge and continued to preside over its activities until he was inaugu- rated President of United States. The story of how he took his inaugural oath on the Bible of St. John's Lodge, No. 1, of New York City, has been told so often that the mere record of the fact would seem to be sufficient for our present purpose. (It was on this same priceless treasure of No. 1 that President Harding was sworn in as President in 1920.) The cornerstone of the United States Capitol at Washington, D. C, ' was laid in Masonic ceremonial form by President Washington on September 18th, 1793, wearing on this occasion the apron made for him by the Marquise de La Fayette, the precious gift to which refer- ence is made on page 97. The privilege of conducting the exercises had been according to the Grand Lodge of Maryland. Alexandria Lodge, of Virginia, attended by invitation and took pride in having its former Master perform the work assigned to him. The trowel used by Washington on this memorable occasion is one of the many treasures of the lodge, now called Alexandria Washington. The gavel wielded by the Grand Master of Maryland was presented to Washing- ton and bequeathed by him to the lodge now known as Potomac, No. 5, District of Columbia. The story of Washington's interest in Masonry and his love for his own lodge, Alexandria, might be extended considerably. Enough has been told to make clear that he was an active member of the fraternity and glad to serve it in any way within his power. How greatly he appreciated the possibilities of its power for good in the life of the new-born Republic is set forth most eloquently in the many letters written by his hand in which this subject is touched upon. Brother Julius F. Sachse, the distinguished Librarian of the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania, has published a collection of duly authenti- cated letters of this sort, in a noteworthy volume entitled "Masonic Correspondence of Washington," from which the following excerpts are taken. To an address of welcome to Rhode Island, presented to him by a lodge composed of Jewish brethren, King David, No. 1, which origi- nally had been located in the city of New York and later made its home at Newport, he wrote, in August, 1790: "Being persuaded thai a just application of the principles on which the Masonic Fraternity is founded must be promotive of private virtue and public prosperity, I shall always be happy to advance the interests of the Society, and to be considered by them a deserving brother." [85] SCgva ^gg) I The JOHN F. HUGHES CONSTRUCTION CO. Utica, N.Y. £J Years' Continuous Service General Contractors for the Masonic Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Hospital I [86] y« Washington, the Man and the Mason I To the Grand Lodge of South Carolina, A. G. M., in May, 1791: "Your sentiments, on. the establishment and exercise of our equal govern- ment, are worthy of an association whose principles lead to purity of morals and are beneficial in action. "The fabric of our freedom is placed on the enduring basis of public virtue, and will, I fondly hope, long continue to protect the prosperity of the architects who raised it. I shall be happy, on every occasion, to evince my regard for the Fraternity." To the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts, in 1792 : "Flattering as it may be to the human mind, and truly honorable as it is to receive from our fellow citizens testimonies of approbation for exertions to promote the public welfare, it is not less pleasing to know that the milder virtues of the heart are highly respected by a Society whose liberal principles must be founded in the immutable laws of truth and justice. "To enlarge the sphere of social happiness is worthy the benevolent design of a Masonic institution; and it is most fervently to be wished that the conduct of every member of the Fraternity, as well as those publications that discover the principles which actuate them, may tend to convince mankind that the grand object of Masonry is to promote the happiness of the human race." To the Brothers of Ancient York Masons, No. 22: "While my heart acknowledges with brotherly love your affectionate congratulations on my retirement from the arduous toils of past years, my gratitude is no less excited by your kind wishes for my future happi- ness. If it has pleased the Supreme Architect of the Universe to make me an humble instrument to promote the welfare and happiness of my fellow- men, my exertions have been abundantly recompensed by the kind partiality with which they have been received. And the assurances you give me of your belief that I have acted on the Square in my public capacity, will be among my principal enjoyments in this Terrestrial Lodge." To the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania, in 1796: "To have been, in any degree, an instrument in the hands of Providence to promote order and union, and erect upon a solid foundation the true principles of government, is only to have shared with many others in a labor the results of which, let us hope, will prove through all ages a sanctuary for brothers and a lodge for the virtues." Extract from a letter to the Grand Lodge of Maryland, in 1798: "So far as I am acquainted with the principles and doctrines of Free- masonry, I conceive it to be founded in benevolence and to be exercised only for the good of mankind." [87] ?: 'Q** ^-^e)?? The American Hard Wall Plaster Co. UTICA, N. Y. *kso M A NUFACTURERS OF WALL PLASTER AND EXTERIOR STUCCO ALSO DEALERS IN BUILDING SUPPLIES J ^— vii [88] Washington, the Man and the Mason WASHINGTON THE BELOVED The deeper source of Washington's greatness as a man, the source from which flowed all the qualities for which the common people trusted and loved him, through good and evil report, was his sincere religiousness. Never called by just this name, it was felt as the essence of his life. Never obtruding and yet never hidden, seldom expressed in canonical phrase and yet often revealed in the overtones of what he said and did even in momentary wrath, always sustaining him in trial and ever drawing right-minded men to him and renewing their courage and their hope in the triumph of justice — his religious- ness made him the invincible leader in a righteous cause, a tower of strength in a time of turmoil, an instrument of the Almighty, as he himself acknowledges with humility, to promote the welfare and happiness of his fellowmen. We are on holy ground and must not essay to lift the veil of the sanctuary of the soul. His letters to a lodge of "Ancient York Masons" and to the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania reveal the thought. Another glimpse of his faith in God's guidance of the just affairs of men is afforded in a letter to General Schuyler, in which he says: "That invisible hand which has so often interposed to save our country from impending destruction seems in no instance to have been more remark- ably exerted than in that of disposing the people of this extensive continent to adopt, in a peaceful manner, the constitution, which, if well adminis- tered, bids fair to make America a happy nation." We know that Washington was a churchman and a constant atten- dant at divine service throughout his life. He served as vestryman in two neighboring parishes, had his pew in Christ Church at Alex- andria, at St. Paul's while in New York, and at Christ Church in Philadelphia. He had no patience with bigotry. Exhibitions of ill feeling between Protestants and Catholics distressed him, as did the jarring quarrels between contending sects. In a letter to a friend he gave vent to his feelings in these words: "Of all the animosities which have existed among mankind, those which are caused by difference of sentiments in religion appear to be the most inveterate and distressing, and ought most to be deprecated. I was in hopes that the lightened and liberal policy which has marked the present age would have at least reconciled Christians of every denomination so far that we should never again see these religious disputes carried to such a pitch as to endanger the peace of society." How profoundly he respected the religious convictions of sincere men is evidenced by numerous utterances. [89] BENJAMIN FRANKLIN Past Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania. Born at Boston, January 17, 1706; died at Philadelphia, April 17, 1790. * Benjamin Franklin FRANKLIN was the most all-round, useful patriot of his day and generation and is the foremost exemplar of rugged, clear- sighted, practical Americanism of all time. Scientist, inventor, business-man, writer of homely phrase, diplomat, statesman, patriot — the printer-philosopher combined, in his versatility of talent and his astonishing range of achievement, all that we are wont to attach to the names of Newton, Edison, Elbert Hubbard, Dickens, Lloyd George, Thomas Jefferson and Abraham Lincoln. Posterity will ever be his debtor of his helpful, kindly, enduring moral leadership which interpreted American character to the world and won for it the admiration of the lovers of freedom wheresoever dispersed. As Masons we take peculiar pride in Franklin's unflagging active interest in the affairs of the Fraternity. The evidences of this inter- est are incontestable. Aside from the records of Lodges and Grand Lodges, we have entries by his own hand in his records of accounts, minutes of meetings, letters, etc. He was initiated in St. John's Lodge, at the Tun Tavern, Philadel- phia, in 1731, which met both as a Lodge and as a Grand Lodge, being of "immemorial" origin. The following year, he was appointed Junior Grand Warden, and he became Grand Master in 1734. The Anderson Constitutions, reprinted by Franklin, proved most helpful to the dissemination of Freemasonry in the American colonies. The publication was known as the "Mason Book" and bore this expla- nation, under the title: LONDON Printed; Anno 5723 Re-printed in Philadelphia by special Order, for the Use of the Brethren in North- America. In the Year of Masonry 5734, Anno Domini 1734 Franklin served as Secretary of his Lodge from 1735 to 1738. In a letter to his father, trying to set at rest "some uneasiness," felt by his mother, with regard to his Masonic activities, he wrote: "I must entreat her to suspend her judgment until she is better informed, unless she will believe me when I assure her that they [the Freemasons] [91] Benjamin Franklin are in general a very harmless sort of people, and have no principles or practices that are inconsistent with religion and good manners." On May 25, 1743, we find him recorded as a visitor in First Lodge (St. John's) at Boston, presided over by "Rt. Worship'l Bro: H: Price M. pro:" In 1749, he was appointed Provincial Grand Master for Pennsyl- vania, by Thomas Oxnard, of Boston, who had been accredited as Provincial Grand Master for North America, by the Grand Master of England. It was during his term as Provincial Grand Master that Franklin published his "Proposals relating to the Education of Youth in Pennsylvania," which led to the later development of the University of Pennsylvania. The following year, William Allen, Recorder of the City of Phila- delphia, and, later, Chief Justice of the Province, was commissioned as Provincial Grand Master by the Grand Master of England. Frank- lin became Deputy Grand Master, and continued in this office for several years. In 1754, Franklin presented, at a Conference on Indian Affairs, in Albany, a widely discussed plan for the union of all colonies under one government. This plan was in substance a development of the remarkable propositions outlined by Daniel Coxe, the first Provincial Grand Master appointed for New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania, which are described in another part of this volume. The story of Franklin's connection with the famous Lodge Les Neuf Soeura, (Nine Sisters; i. e., The Nine Muses), at Paris, would make an interesting chapter by itself. He became a member, in 1777, and, in 1782, was elected Master. He was present at the initiation of Voltaire. This Lodge was composed of scientists, artists and writers and counted among its members many famous men. Franklin left France for the United States, in September, 1785, after eight and a half years of the most valuable diplomatic service ever rendered by any man to his native country. Six months later, as token of its homage, the Lodge offered two gold medals as prizes to be competed for by members; one for a prose eulogy, the other for an allegoric design symbolizing "the service rendered by Benjamin Franklin to science and to the freedom of America." While the world at large pays deserved reverence to the memory of Franklin, the incorruptible and plain spoken apostle of virtue and freedom, and honors him for his labors for the greater happiness of mankind Masons owe him additional gratitude for the lustre which his active connection with it has shed upon their time-honored fra- ternity of which he is a chief exemplar. [92 1 TO-DAY ) I'VE shut the door on yesterday — Its sorrows and mistakes; Fve locked within its gloomy walls Past failures and heartaches. And now I throw the key away To seek another room, And furnish it with hope and smiles And every Springtime bloom. No thought shall enter this abode That has a hint of pain, And Envy, Malice and Distrust Shall never entrance gain. IVe shut the door of yesterday And thrown the key away- To-morrow holds no fears for me, Since I have found to-day. Vivian Yeiser Lara more. [93] '^^&fr- f^JTTS The Marquis de La Fayette LA Fayette was made a Mason in an American Army Lodge, about 1778. Later he was exalted in Jerusalem Chapter No. 8, J Royal Arch Masons, and knighted in Columbian Commandery, No. 1, Knights Templar; both in New York City. How profoundly he had been impressed with the basic principles of the Fraternity and how thoroughly he had made these his own, is illustrated throughout his noble life, and more especially by his heroic defense of the con- stitutional freedom of France against both despotic royalism and terrorist demagogism. His fortitude could not be broken by material deprivations and personal sufferings. La Fayette, or Lafayette,* was born in the Auvergne, in France, on September 6th, 1757. While in Germany, he heard the Duke of Gloucester, brother to the King of England, tell of the Declaration of Independence and the rebellion of the American Colonies. The thought of a people fighting from lofty motives for freedom and inde- pendence stirred his youthful heart, and he decided then and there to follow his impulse and join the American military forces as a volunteer. He returned to Paris, won his young wife for his plans and obtained the consent of the court for his departure. His enthu- siasm was such that the Count Maurepas exclaimed (as quoted by Lossing), "It is fortunate that La Fayette does not take it into his head to strip Versailles of its furniture to send to his beloved Ameri- cans, as His Majesty would be unable to refuse it." La Fayette crossed the Atlantic, landed at Charleston, South Caro- lina, and spent the first night in the home of the patriot Huger, whose son was to render him a signal service in later years. He then pro- ceeded to Philadelphia and offered his services to Washington. This was in 1777, and La Fayette was about twenty years old. Washington, with his keen intuition, recognized at once the exceptional worth of the noble youth whom he took to his bosom and cherished as friend to the end of his life. La Fayette was given the rank of Major-General. His thoughtful- ness of the needs of the soldiers manifested itself in many ways. Thus, for example, he presented swords to the cavalry corps and, * Marie Jean Paul Roch Yves Gilbert Motier, Marquis de La Fayette. [95] ?C(gva «^5);» Smart Clothes The Finest There Is, Was and Ever Will Be / om petition in price abounds, but competition in quality leaves us feel- ing lonesome. We didn't start out to be the biggest clothiers in town, but we are finding out that being the best clothiers leads unfailingly to being the biggest. WILLARD & McNALLY 123 GENESEE STREET PHONE 4787 UTICA, N. Y. If you'll only compare, you'll surely come here! ft [96] V The Marquis de La Fayette when he heard that, owing to the complete failure of Congress to provide an efficient commissary department, the brave volunteers at Valley Forge were left barefoot in the midst of a rigorous winter, he furnished the sufferers with shoes. His strategic skill and inspiring leadership quickly won him the confidence of the American patriots. He participated in several important engagements, notably at Brandy- wine, Monmouth and Yorktown. In 1779, he was sent on a diplomatic mission to France. He was present at the surrender of Cornwallis, in 1781. The object of the Revolution having been accomplished, he returned to his home, there to be of further important service to the young American republic. On August 4th, 1784, La Fayette arrived again in America, landing at New York, where grateful citizens gave him a hearty welcome. His intention was to proceed at once to Washington's home at Mount Vernon, but Philadelphia, Baltimore and other places on his route detained him to give testimony of their affection for him. He spent twelve days at Mount Vernon. There is connected with La Fayette's visit to George Washington a pleasing incident which throws a significant sidelight on the inti- mate relationships of the two men as friends and Freemasons. La Fayette brought with him a gift which he knew his revered Com- mander would value both for what it represented in itself and for the thoughtfulness and love of the donor. It was a beautiful Masonic apron of white satin. The story of it has been told so delightfully by Benson John Lossing, who is an excellent authority in everything touching the personal side of the life of Washington, that I shall quote it exactly as it stands: "There was a bond of union, of peculiar strength, between Washington and La Fayette other than that of mere personal friendship. They were members of the fraternity of Free and Accepted Masons, and both loved the mystic brotherhood sincerely. Madame La Fayette was deeply inter- ested in everything that engaged the attention of her husband; and she had learned to reverence Washington with a feeling closely allied to that of devotion. She had corresponded with him, and received from him cor- dial invitations to the simple delights of rural life at Mount Vernon. She had, no doubt, earnestly desired to present some visible testimonial of her regard to the great patriot of the New World; and when her husband resolved to visit him in his retirement at Mount Vernon, she prepared, with her own hands, an apron of white satin, upon which she wrought, in needlework, the various emblems of the Masonic order. This apron La Fayette brought with him, and presented to his distinguished brother at Mount Vernon." After the death of Washington, the legatees presented the apron to the Washington Benevolent Society, which, in turn, passed it on *?, '6** I ®tjp (Earn lExrijangr lank 1 William and Beaver Streets New York City CAPITAL AND SURPLUS NET DEPOSITS $18,000,000 I 80,000,000 Branches. Astor Place Branch Astor Place and Eighth Street Astoria Branch 75 Fulton Ave., Astoria, Borough of Queens Audubon Branch Broadway and 166th Street Broadway Branch Broadway and Spring Street Bronx Branch 375 East 149th Street Brooklyn Branch Court and Joralemon Streets, Brooklyn Burnside Avenue Branch Burnslde and Jerome Avenues Chatham Square Branch Park Row and Worth Street Dyckman Branch 207th Street and Post Avenue East Side Branch Norfolk and Grand Streets Eighty-sixth Street Branch 126 East 86th Street Eleventh Ward Branch Avenue D and 10th Street Fifth Avenue Branch Fifth Avenue and 20th Street Fifty-fifth Street Branch 55th Street and Broadway Flatbush Avenue Branch 19 and 21 Flatbush Avenue, Brooklyn Flushing: Branch 116 Main Street, Flushing, Borough of Queens Fordham Branch Fordham Rd. and Decatur Ave. Forest Hills Branch Forest Hills, L. I. Fortv-secoiid Street Branch 303 West 42d Street Fourth Avenue Branch Fourth Avenue and 29th Street Fulton Branch N.E. cor. 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Grand Central Branch 7 East 42d Street Greenpoint Branch Greenpoint and Manhattan Ave- nues, Brooklyn Harlem Branch 125th Street and Lenox Avenue St., St. Hudson River Branch Columbus Avenue and 72d Street Lexington Branch Lexington Avenue and 60th St. McKinley Square Branch 1309 Clinton Avenue Mount Morris Branch 125th Street and Park Avenue Myrtle Avenue Branch Myrtle Avenue and Broadway, Brooklyn One Hundred and Eighty-first Street Branch St. Nicholas Ave. and 181st St. Park Avenue Branch Northwest corner Park Avenue and 52d Street, Racquet and Tennis Club Buildnig Pennsylvania Station Branch Seventh Avenue and 33d Street Plaza Branch Bridge Plaza and Academy Borough of Queens Queens County Branch Jackson Avenue and Fourth Borough of Queens Seventh Avenue Branch Seventh Avenue and 16th Street Seventy-second Street Branch 72d St. and Lexington Ave. Sheridan Square Branch Grove and West Fourth Streets South Brooklyn Branch Hamilton Avenue and Summit Street, Brooklyn Staten Island Branch New Brighton, Staten Island Steinway Avenue Branch 252 Steinway Avenue, Astoria, E^orough of Queens Terminal Branch Dey and Church Streets Tremont Branch Tremont and Arthur Avenues rwenty-eig-hth Street Branch 12 West 28th Street Union Square Branch 34 Union Square, East University Branch Broadway and 113th Street Washington Branch Broadway and Murray Street AVashington Heights Branch Amsterdam Ave. and 143d St. tt Qjr*= ^sS)5S [98] The Marquis de La Fayette to the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania, in whose possession it has remained ever since. After Washington had been inaugurated as the first President of the United States, the Marchioness de Brienne painted on a copper medallion the profiles of Washington and La Fayette. Both profiles are considered lifelike and the original painting was valued highly by Washington, to whom it was presented. La Fayette had returned to his native country and soon became identified with the struggle for freedom from the despotism of the French court. He became a member of the States General, in 1789, and was elected commander-in-chief of the National Guard by the National Assembly. The key of the demolished Bastile was handed to him and he sent it as a gift to his friend and brother, George Washington, who received it at Philadelphia in 1790, and took it with him to Mount Vernon. The key was accompanied by a drawing of the hated prison fortress and a letter in which La Fayette wrote: "Give me leave, my dear general, to present you with a picture of the Ba9tile, just as it looked a few days after I ordered its demolition, with the main key of the fortress of despotism. It is a tribute which I owe as a son to my adopted father — as an aide-de-camp to my general — as a missionary of liberty to its patriarch." True to his Masonic teachings, La Fayette set himself resolutely against the spread of anarchism and inhumanity, and sought to place the new government on a sound constitutional basis of liberty and justice. He opposed the terrorist Jacobins as firmly as he had opposed the despotism of the former government, and, as a result, he was compelled to leave France, in 1792. He intended to sail for America, but was captured by Austrians. At the instigation of Prussia, which feared his influence as a "missionary of liberty," he was sent to the dungeon at Olmutz, where he was kept in close confinement. Great as were his sufferings, his noble soul did not lose its passion for the liberty of men. When "by a miracle" he got possession of a single sheet of paper he wrote to a friend, with a toothpick, a letter closing with these words: "I know not what disposition has been made of my plantation at Cay- enne, but I hope Madame La Fayette will take care that the negroes who cultivate it shall preserve their liberty." Madame La Fayette, meanwhile, was imprisoned in Paris by the Terrorists. As soon as she was released, after the downfall of Robes- pierre, she sent her son, George Washington La Fayette, to the United States, with a tutor, and with her three daughters went to Vienna and obtained permission from the Austrian Emperor to share the prison with her husband. [99] K(s^ =**o):z I M ASONIC ACOY When in need o f "Things Masonic" you instinctively think of "Macoys" -For 70 years the recognized Headquarters for Masonic Publications, Lodge Supplies, Jewel- ry, Aprons, Regalia, RoyalArch and O.E.S. Supplies Hubert Macoy, $3° Author and Publisher MACOY PUBLISHING AND MASONIC SUPPLY COMPANY 45 JOHN STREET - - NEW YORK Southern Phosphate Corporation 96 WALL STREET NEW YORK CITY K ,<2^e =K^S>, i A [ 100 The Marquis de La Lafayette A few years before Madame La Fayette's arrival at Olmutz, Colonel Francis E. Huger, of South Carolina, had made a bold attempt to rescue La Fayette from his prison, aided by a Dr. Bollmon, of Vienna, who was a Mason. La Fayette was recaptured and subjected to more rigorous privations to prevent future chances for escape. The English government, as well as George Washington, asked the Aus- trian Emperor for his release, but without avail. In 1797, Napoleon Bonaparte, who was then in command of the victorious French army in Italy, and had inflicted crushing defeats upon the Austrians, de- manded preemptorily the release of La Fayette, and this demand was finally complied with on the 25th of August in that year. After sojourning two years in Holstein, La Fayette returned to his chateau near Paris with his devoted wife and daughters. In 1803 President Jefferson invited him to become the governor of the newly purchased territory of Louisiana, but he declined the flattering offer, preferring to stay in France and guard to the best of his abilities the constitutional liberty of the young republic. As the years passed on the wish ripened to revisit the United States and to see once more the country he had helped to make free. At last, in 1824, he embarked on the Cadmus and landed on Staten Island, in New York Bay, on the 15th of August, after an absence of thirty- nine years, accompanied by his son and secretary. He passed the first night at the home of Daniel D. Tompkins, Vice-President of the United States and a Past Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of New York. On the next day he was conveyed to the Battery to receive the greetings of the city of New York. La Fayette knew that the great Washington had passed away and that only few of his old friends-in-arms were yet alive. Little did he know that every American patriot loved him and followed with intense interest his valiant battles for the spread of freedom and democracy in Europe, and that a welcome awaited him such as had never been accorded to any living man. As he entered the harbor of New York and saw hundreds of ships covered with bunting and flying the flags of France and the United States, with cannons booming and the cheers of thousands filling the air, and realized that this was done to do him honor as the beloved guest of a grateful free people, he wept with joy. Thurlow Weed, who was an eye-witness and twenty-six years old, has left us in his autobiography a vivid description of La Fayette's arrival: "The general's landing on the Battery, his reception hy the military under General Martin,* his triumphant progress through Broadway, his first visit to the City Hall, awakened emotions which cannot be described. * This is obviously a misprint. The commander was Major-General Jacob Morton. Past Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of New York. [101] *?(F^ 9 -=*^$>X THE NAME APPIER Appears on the Best X-Ray and Electro Medical Apparatus WAPPLER ELECTRIC COMPANY, Inc. LONG ISLAND CITY, N.Y. The complete X-Ray installation in the recently completed Masonic Memorial Hospital at Utica, N. Y., was made by the Wappler Electric Company NCE you are initiated into our inner realm of good clothes for men and boys, you'll recognize quality, good form, lasting satisfaction and pronounced value by the sign and pass-word "Brokaw." BROKAW BROTHERS Broadway and Forty-Second Street *«.' Or* =-**&, Ji 102 ] The Marquis de La Fayette 1 have witnessed the celebration of the completion of the Erie Canal and the mingling of the waters of Lake Erie with the Atlantic Ocean, the completion of the C'roton Water Works celebration, the reception of the Prince of Wales, and other brilliant and beautiful pageants, but they all lacked the heart and soul which marked and signalized the welcome of Lafayette." From. New York La Fayette went to Boston, and therewith is con- nected a pleasant anecdote. On crossing the ocean he had made the acquaintance of a merchant from Boston and had inquired of him the expense of a year's sojourn in the United States, including living at hotels for three people and traveling by land and water. His at one time large fortune had been reduced by confiscations to modest proportions, and he was somewhat disturbed at hearing how much higher the cost of living was than in France. He was glad to accept the merchant's invitation to dinner, whenever he should be in Boston. La Fayette remembered the invitation, and perfect knight that he was, he managed to slip away, between grand receptions which fol- lowed one upon another, to look up the Boston merchant and dined with him as he had promised to do. On September 1st, 1824, the City Grand Lodge met to consider the advisability of tendering a public dinner to La Fayette, after his return from Boston. A committee was appointed to consult his wishes in the matter. He accepted the invitation and fixed upon September 20th for the entertainment. Four Past Masters, of St. John's, No. 1, Washington, No. 84, Adelphis, No. 91, and Mount Moriah, No. 132, were appointed a committee to escort him into the Grand Lodge. He responded to the address of welcome with these words: "Most Worshipful Grand Master and beloved Brethren: — I am happy in your affectionate welcome; I am proud of the high confidential honors you have conferred upon and purpose further to confer upon me. Our Masonic institution owes a double lustre, to those who have cherished, and to those who have persecuted it. Let both glories, equal in my opinion, be the pride of every member of our Fraternity, until universal freedom insures us universal justice." The reception was followed by a banquet attended by more than five hundred members of the Fraternity. La Fayette did not fail to visit the tomb of him whom he delighted to call "father." While tears dimmed his eyes, as he thought of him who had died twenty-five years before, there was presented to him a massive gold ring enclosing in a compartment a lock of the great Washington's hair. The scene which followed is too sacred to describe. La Fayette treasured the gift as the most precious which could pos- sibly have been bestowed. He visited every State and most, if not [103] f I Roberts Hardware Co. -O'^'.T^ UTICA, N. Y. G> 3 [104] :i The Marquis de La Fayette I all, the cities of the Union, and was received everywhere with the enthusiastic acclaims of a thankful people. Congress voted him $200,000 and a township of land, "in part pay- ment," as was said, for his eminent services as a general in the army of the United States. The frigate Brandywine was placed at his service, and on this he returned to France, in September, 1825. One of the last of the historic occasions in which La Fayette took part, while in America, was the laying of the cornerstone of the Bunker Hill monument by the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts, on June 17th, 1825, the fiftieth anniversary of the famous battle which was to be memorialized. He was present in Grand Lodge at the special communication preceding the cornerstone laying. The apron he wore on this occasion is still in the possession of the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts. The day was made memorable by a great Ameri- can oration, for Daniel Webster, himself a member of the Masonic fraternity, was the orator. La Fayette's interest in the reconstruction of the French govern- ment continued to the day of his death. He took a prominent part in the revolution of 1830, and it was at his instance that Louis Philippe was made King, Roi Citoyen, the Citizen King. La Fayette died at Paris, on May 20th, 1834, while in his seventy- seventh year. His whole life was consecrated to the cause of human freedom, the preservation of law and order, and the relief of distress. With no thought of self, he placed all he possessed and all he could give in the service of the ideals he had set himself, a true Knight and a true exemplar of Freemasonry. rmzz^$r [105] • ; * fi Grand Master of Masons in the State of New York, 1806 to 1820. DeWitt Clinton among the truly illustrious sons of the State of New York none /-\ has contributed more effectively to her greatness than DeWitt *■ *• Clinton. Born at Little Britain, N. Y., on March 2d, 1769, son of General James Clinton, he was given the best education which a home of refinement and the solicitude of his parents could supply. After graduation from Columbia College, he entered upon the study of law and then served successively as secretary to Governor George Clinton (his uncle, and a Mason), secretary to the Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York, Assemblyman and State Senator, was chosen a Senator of the United States (as the colleague of Gouverneur Morris), became Mayor of the City of New York, and, in 1817, was elected Governor of the State. Yielding to public clamor he became again a candidate for the governorship and was returned to office in 1826, by the largest majority of votes ever known before in a contested election. He served as Governor until the day of his sudden death, at Albany, on February 11th, 1828. The two achievements for which DeWitt Clinton is best remem- bered by posterity are the establishment of the foundations of the common school system of the State and the opening of the Erie Canal which he carried through almost single-handed to a successful con- summation. The Masonic fraternity owes much to the long-continued and zealous interest which DeWitt Clinton took in its affairs. He was Master of Holland Lodge in 1794, served the Grand Lodge as Junior Grand Warden for three years and as Senior Grand Warden for one year, and became Grand Master on June 4th, 1806. After fourteen years of continuous service as Grand Master he declined re-election in 1820, and was succeeded by Daniel Tompkins, then Vice-President of the United States. How active DeWitt Clinton was in all branches of Masonry is evident from the fact that he was also Grand High Priest of the Grand Chapter of Royal Arch Masons, Grand Master of the Grand Encampment of the State of New York, Grand Master of Knights Templar of the United States, and held the highest office in the Cernean Scottish Rite body. [107] Grand Master of Masons in the State of New York, 1820-1821 :/ Daniel D. Tompkins DANIEL D. TOMPKINS was Governor of the State of New York when the war of 1812 was fought. The whole of his ample 'private fortune was devoted to the defense of the country; equipping 40,000 militia, maintaining the Military Academy at West Point, and financing many war activities. When the banks refused to loan money to the federal Government, his personal endorsement of the proffered Treasury notes sustained the credit of the United States. After graduation from Columbia College, Tompkins studied law, was admitted to the bar and became interested in politics. He was a delegate to the State Constitutional Convention, member of the Legislature, Congressman, Justice of the Supreme Court, before he was elected Governor, in 1807, which latter office he held for ten successive years. He was Vice-President of the United States, under President Monroe. Devotion to the welfare of the people expressed itself in many ways other than those already indicated, more particularly in the develop- ment of public education. As Chancellor of the University of the State of New York he aided every movement looking toward the bet- terment of the schools. His active interest in the Masonic fraternity continued throughout his life. He became Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge, at the age of twenty-seven, and continued in this office for four years. He was Grand Master in 1820 and 1821. The Grand Lodge of New York, recognizing the sterling worth of the man and his self-sacrificing services to the people of his State and the Government of his country, erected the beautiful Daniel D. Tompkins Memorial Chapel in his honor, on the grounds of the Masonic Home, at Utica. Daniel D. Tompkins was born on June 21, 1774, at Scarsdale, in Westchester County, N. Y. He died at the age of fifty-one, on June 11, 1825, at his home on Staten Island, where General La Fayette had been his guest, the year before. His last days were darkened by the vicious attacks of political opponents who sought to destroy his popularity. His former vast financial resources, spent in aiding the Government to win the war with England, had dwindled to a degree reducing him to almost poverty. A simple, weatherbeaten stone-slab in the historic St. Mark's Churchyard, in New York City marks his burial place. [109] FREEMASONS HALL Broadway, between Duane and Pearl Streets Historic Masonic Halls of New York City THE desirability of establishing permanent headquarters for the Grand Lodge was discussed as early as 1801. A committee appointed to investigate the project reported the following year that a site might be obtained in New York City and a suitable building erected thereon, sufficiently large enough to accommodate the Grand Lodge and a number of local lodges, at a cost of $15,000. Approval was given to the formation of a stock company to finance the proposition. No further progress was made. In 1818, an order was recorded "that the application be made to the legislature of the State, at its ensuing session, for permission to raise, under the authority of the Grand Lodge, by lottery, a sufficient sum for the election of a Masonic Hall in the City of New York." A committee was instructed to select a suitable site. This committee reported, in 1820, that four lots in Grand Street, at the intersection of Elizabeth Street, might be purchased for $4,600, half the amount remaining on mortgage; that several lots might be had at the corner of Beekman and Nassau Streets, with 48% feet on the former and 104 feet on the latter, for $20,000, about one-half of this amount to re- main on mortgage for a period of ten years or more; and that several lots at the corner of Broadway and Grand Street, with 107 feet on Broadway and 107 feet deep toward Mercer Street, could be bought for $18,000 cash." The committee was requested to "continue their researches," but reported at the next Quarterly Communication that the sites recommended in the previous report were no longer on the market and there was nothing further to be communicated. In 1824 the agitation for a Hall was revived by united action on the part of the representatives of twenty-four city Lodges. It resulted in the erection of Freemasons' Hall, later known as Masonic Hall, on Broadway, between Duane and Pearl Streets. The cornerstone was laid on June 24, 1826. The Building remained one of the landmarks of the city until 1856, when it was torn down. [Ill] ?co* ? '=**® V* The Sterilizer Equipment Installed in the Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Hospital, Utica, N. Y. was furnished by w American Sterilizer Qompany Erie, Pa., U. S. A. "STERILIZER SPECIALISTS" Eastern Sales Office 200 Fifth Ave., New York City Alexander Bryant Company Tlumbing l6l WEST 25TH ST. NEW YORK I. K Qjf^B *n2>n [112] Historic Masonic Halls THE TWENTY-THIRD STREET PROPERTY The movement which resulted in the building of a magnificent Masonic Hall, on Sixth Avenue and Twenty-third Street, New York, and the Masonic Home in Utica, had its inception in 1842, in a mem- orial having for its object: (1) The erection of a Hall in the City of New York, for the Grand Lodge and other Masonic bodies; (2) the founding of an asylum for worthy, decayed Masons, their widows and orphans. A subscription list was opened by Grand Secretary James Herring. Brother Greenfield Pote, then Grand Tyler, paid the first dollar. On June 8, 1843, the list bore the names of one hundred brethren, who had subscribed and paid nearly $300 in sums ranging from fifty cents upward. The fund was increased, from time to time, by donations from individual Masons, from balls, concerts, exhibitions and dinners, and the creation by a number of Lodges of what was termed Widows' and Orphans' Funds, augmented by donations and part of the initiation fees. The undertaking was held up by the schism of 1849, which resulted in the formation of the Phillips Grand Lodge. In the uproar and confusion occurring at that time, the seceders had carried away the satchel of the Grand Secretary containing money and vouchers amounting to $7,000. Besides the Grand Treasurer had joined the secessionists and refused to surrender funds in his charge belonging to this particular fund. On June 7, 1858, when the Phillips body became reunited with the Grand Lodge, the Hall and Asylum Fund amounted to $27,994.06 to which Brother Edwin Forrest, the noted tragedian, contributed $500 awarded to him by the courts as damages in a libel suit. Then followed the Civil War. In order to enlist the active support of all the Lodges in the State in the undertaking, these were urged to collect, if possible, ten cents a month from each one of their members, contributing the uncollected amount from the Lodge funds. While the suggestion was not generally observed, enough money was received that the Fund amounted to $49,402.14, when the Grand Lodge met in 1864. In this same year, the Trustees of the Hall and Asylum Fund were incorpo- rated by an Act of the State Legislature. They reported that $200,000 must be raised before the erection of the Hall could be started. The Grand Lodge thereupon determined to make no appro- priation of any kind, except for necessary expenses and charitable purposes, "until the Masonic Hall and Asylum are erected." The Lodges were again urged to bestir themselves to supply the needed funds. [113] OLD TWENTY-THIRD STREET HALL Historic Masonic Halls The Trustees now announced that they had purchased a plot of ground, with 100 feet frontage on Grand Street and 125 feet on Crosby Street, including a church edifice thereon, for $120,000. Grand Master Clinton F. Paige issued an appeal to wipe out the balance of the debt on the property and to supply additional funds to provide at least $200,000. , The -purchase of the Grand Street property, on which $100,000 had been paid, was vigorously disapproved by Brethren who considered the location unsatisfactory. In order to allay the storm of criticism gathering around the Grand Lodge, Grand Master Robert D. Holmes assured the craft, in 1866, that no Hall would be built on the purchased site. A Masonic Fair was held in the Grand Street building, which con- tinued from December 5, 1865, to January 9, 1867, and produced a net gain of $50,931.66 which was added to the Hall and Asylum Fund. The success of this affair led to the organization of privately conducted entertainments parading under the name of Masonic Gift Enterprises. They were denounced by the Grand Lodge in emphatic terms, and it was proclaimed that all money raised by such un- authorized ventures would be refused. The Grand Street property was sold for $163,000, yielding a profit of $43,000 on the original investment. The total assets in bonds, mortgages and cash now amounted to $284,167.87. In 1869, the Trustees purchased six lots on corner of Twenty-Third Street and Sixth Avenue, with 141 feet frontage on Twenty-Third Street and 94% feet on Sixth Avenue, at a cost of $340,000. The fol- lowing year in May, they were able to report that the property had been paid for in full and that they had on hand $54,000, with which to begin the building of the Hall. The action of the Trustees was endorsed with hearty unanimity. Napoleon Le Brun, who was considered the most noted American architect of his day, prepared the plans for the Hall. The cornerstone was laid on June 8, 1870. Bonds had to be issued and loans made to meet the financial demands, as the building progressed. The dedi- cation of the completed structure took place on June 3, 1875, and was celebrated by imposing ceremonies and a procession participated in by 23,000 Masons. A Fair was held in New York City, beginning on March 15, 1873, and continuing for one month, which produced approximately $50,000 toward the building fund. On June 3d of the same year, the Grand Lodge met for the first time in its own (partially completed) new Hall. Grand Master Christopher G. Fox brought home to the assembled Brethren the duty [115] grg v" **q% P. W. SCHNEIDER, Inc. 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Thomas Blake, - - - Secretary Howard D. Joost, Asst. Secretary J. Norman Carpenter, Trust Officer Brower, Brower & Brower, Counsel Capital, ----- $500,000.00 Surplus, - - $2,500,000.00 Undivided Profits, - $515,000.00 The Kings County Trust Company offers to its depositors every facility and accommodation known to modern Banking. If you are not already avail- ing yourself of the advantages offered by this Institution, the Kings County Trust Company will be glad to have you open an account. 342 TO 346 FULTON STREET BROOKLYN, NEW YORK s:<2*>-* *-<£>; <*> tt [118] Historic Masonic Halls had become reduced by close on to six thousand, largely because of unwillingness of the discontented to meet their obligations in the support of the Hall and Asylum Fund. There followed a long period of struggle with the debt resting upon the Temple. When Frank R. Lawrence became Grand Master, in 1885, the indebtedness amounted to about $500,000, four-fifths of which 'represented twenty-year bonds drawing seven per cent, in- terest. He resolved that the debt must be paid in full and paid as speedily as possible. The first thing he did was to ascertain if the bonds were redeemable before their maturity. He found it could be done. Inviting the co-operation of the Grand Chapter and the Grand Commandery, he collected $25,000 and made a tender to one of the bondholders, with interest to date. The tender being refused, a civil suit was instituted and won. The redemption of bonds was now pushed with increased energy. On June 3, 1886, $118,113.20 were collected. By the end of 1887, the receipts had risen to $232,206.12. On March 14, 1889, Grand Master Frank Lawrence issued the joyous proclamation: "The great task is done. The last dollar is paid. We are free." By his order, Wednesday the 24th day of April, 1889, was set apart "as a day of Thanksgiving and rejoicing," which was cele- brated with enthusiasm by all the Lodges ir the State. THE GREATER HALL In 1889, the debt on the Masonic Hall was wiped out. The general belief was that the net revenues, together with the $3.00 per capita tax on initiations, would suffice for many years, to meet the needs of the Home at Utica. It was estimated that the expenses would ab- sorb no more than seventy per cent, of the annual revenues. The remaining thirty per cent, was to be turned into a Reserve Fund to guard against possible future deficits. A fund of this kind was in- augurated, in 1894, with a balance of $137,530.41. The earnings from rentals proved disappointly inadequate. On the other hand the expenses increased at a greater ratio than had been anticipated. As early as 1897 it became necessary to draw upon the Reserve Fund to the amount of $30,000. Year after year the withdrawals from the fund continued. The Trustees decided to lay the case before the Grand Lodge. Ac- cordingly they reported, in 1903, that the maximum earning power of the Hall was producing less than two per cent, a year on the esti- mated value, notwithstanding exemption from taxation, and that new sources of revenue must be provided without delay to meet the grow- ing needs of the Home. The following year, an amendment to the constitution was adopted [119] THE TWENTY-FOURTH STREET HALL Historic Masonic Halls placing an annual per capita tax of fifty cents on the entire member- ship of the Grand Lodge. By ratification of the Lodges, the amend- ment became effective, in 1905, to remain in force until a permanent source of income should be established to provide adequate funds. This new source of revenue having been assured, the Trustees de- termined to invest the resulting funds so as to produce the largest possible returns. The end aimed at was the establishment of an adequate endowment fund which would obviate future financial em- barassments. The plan they adopted was to increase the real estate holdings of the fraternity and then to develop the earning power of the combined properties to the fullest possible extent. Land was bought on West Twenty-fourth Street, back of and adjoining the Hall property. The move evidently appealed to the great majority of the craft, for the Grand Lodge approved the purchase and the plans for its development. The next step was the erection on the Twenty- fourth Street site of a nineteen-story building, at a cost of $1,301,- 252.54. This building was completed in 1909. The following year the Grand Lodge held its first session therein Next, the old Hall was torn down. In its place was erected a giant business building which was completed and ready for occupancy in 1912. The success of the Herculean undertaking was due to the tireless disinterested labors of forceful leaders. They had faith in the Craft and were persuaded that the ultimate outcome would amply justify the wisdom of the project. Moreover they deemed it necessary that the honor of the Fraternity should be protected by making good the claim that the New York City properties were maintained "for charitable purposes" and not as an end in themselves. The old Masonic Hall had failed to produce adequate revenue. There was a practical limit to the extent to which a direct tax might be imposed on the individual membership fees collected by the consti- tuent Lodges. Voluntary contributions in themselves were too pre- carious an item to count upon for the covering of definitely fixed ex- penses connected with the care of helpless human wards. In 1912, a Sinking Fund was started for the cancellation of the financial obligations of the Fraternity, singly or in instalments, at maturity. At that time there was a five per cent, first mortgage of $1,200,000 and a six per cent, mortgage, secured by gold bonds, of $1,200,000, both mortgages maturing in 1918. The hugeness of the task of canceling the debt had no terrors for the Craft. In 1913, the Grand Lodge voted that each member be requested to contribute $7.00, in five yearly instalments of $1.40 each. In less than eight years the Fraternity paid more than $1,750,000 toward the cancela- tion of its indebtedness. The second mortgage bonds were retired at [121] Historic Masonic Halls maturity. By 1921, the first mortgage was reduced to $700,000, and there remained in the Sinking Fund approximately $60,000 to be applied to a further reduction of the indebtedness. The inception of the building project was due chiefly to Town- send Scudder whose untiring efforts were staunchly supported by J. Edward Simmons, William Sherer, John Stewart, William A. Sutherland, and Frank H. Robinson, all of whom had been Grand Masters, and the Trustees who served the Fraternity from 1907 to 1912. It was but natural that a considerable portion of the membership should have entertained misgivings about the outcome and the huge- ness of the indebtedness devolving upon the Grand Lodge. The re- sulting obstruction caused a temporary interruption of the progress of the work. This was finally overcome when, in 1910, Grand Master Samuel Nelson Sawyer squarely recommended a speedy completion of the building project. That cleared the way for action. Smoldering criticism lingered on for a short while. In 1911 and again the following year, Grand Master Robert Judson Kenworthy urged the need of giving wholehearted support to the Trustees in their exceedingly difficult undertaking. The temper of the Grand Lodge showed unmistakably that cavilers would find no umbrage. That ended the matter. The establishment of the Sinking Fund stands to the credit of Grand Master Charles Smith. More than two hundred thousand dol- lars were collected for this end during his administration. The strengthening of the Fund was carried forward with unabat- ing vigor by Grand Masters Friefeld, Penney and Farmer. The chief factor in the development of the rental productivity of the buildings, has been the splendid business ability of George T. Montgomery, who has been a member of the Board of Trustees since 1914. "One hundred per cent, rented," the Trustees were able to report in 1920 and again in 1921. The net income from the property, during the year 1920, amounted to $158,518.38, marking an increase of $29,120.24, or 22%%, over the net income for the preceding year. The significance of these statements is shown in this paragraph from the report of the Trustees for 1921 : "The expense of operation and maintenance of the Home for the jjast year was $252,726.79: The income from the New York property was $158,518.38; the income from Grand Lodge fees and tax amounted to $176,240.50; neither fund alone was sufficient to meet the expenses of the Home." The New York property is valued at more than three and a half million dollars. [122] BE ® ^"TEMPLE of PEACE" *>/ "HAVEN 0/ COMFORT" iA "CITY of REFUGE" R.-.W.-.C. WALLACE PETTY'S Impressions after a visit to the Masonic Home 66 IT IS an imposing sight that greets one's eye as he swings up the broad and well kept driveway, bounded by rolled lawns, beautiful herbage, and conventional flower pots. His Masonic enthusiasm aroused by the magnificent group of buildings, stretching out before him, quickly crystallizes into the emotion of honest and righteous pride. "There before him in endurable mason- ry, in a masonry that all the world can understand, is a tangible expression of the Masonry he was taught behind tiled doors. There is a 'Temple of Peace,' a 'City of Refuge,' a 'Haven of Comfort' for the needy and distressed. "There the corn of nourishment, the wine of joy, and the oil of peace, come to those who otherwise would know the pinch of hunger, the cup of bitterness and the crushing fear of insecurity." (5 ©(S(SOO(S(S^O(5(S(S(S(S(S(SS)(S€)(5(S(S(5^ 123 ] Emil Steinhorst & Sons INC. UTICA, N. Y. ^Architectural Sheet ?Metal Work «*tf3«* Sub-Contractors for Sheet Metal Work, Tile Roofing and Ventilating Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Hospital at Utica, N. Y. Thomas & Hughes Carpenter Contractors New Masonic Hospital 614 CHARLOTTE STREET UTICA, N. Y. HOr* i r qg)ft 124 ] . Masonry During the Civil War WHEN after the election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States, it became evident that war was inevitable to settle the momentous issue whether the Union was to be preserved or permitted to be dissolved, the hearts of the Masons were perhaps more deeply stirred than those of any other organiza- tion of men. Political ties were strong, but stronger by far was felt to be the mystic tie which bound together the Masons of the North and South in an indissoluble brotherhood. The Grand Lodge of New York was the recipient of many communications from Grand Lodges and individual Masons in the States which had seceded, im- ploring the exercises of her influence to stay the impending strife. A letter received from the Grand Lodge of Tennessee, dated in May, 1861, is particularly noteworthy; the following quotations reveal the feelings of the members of the craft in the South. "But recently occupying a position of proud pre-eminence among the nations of the earth, the hope of the lovers of civil and religious freedom, we our country now apparently upon the verge of a conflict of arms, that, unless speedily arrested, will form a dark and bloody epoch in the history of the human race. From the contemplation of the horrible spectacle of State arrayed against State, friend against friend, and even brother against brother, we shudderingly look around for some means to escape from the dire calamity that seems so certainly impending over us as a people. With deep mortification, and sorrow, and dread, we look into the dark gulf of human passion: we see its billows heaving with fearful excitement, and, horrified by the sight, we instinctively raise our feeble arms, and, in hope- lessness of spirit, exclaim, Great God, is there no help in this time of need? Who may stay the wrath of the whirlwind!" An appeal for intervention is made. Then follow these words of Masonic pleading: "If all efforts fail, if every appeal for peace shall be thrust aside, if the sword must still be the last resort and accepted as the final arbiter, we beseech the brethren engaged in the awful contest to remember that a fallen foe is still a brother, and as such is entitled to warmest sympathies and [125] x®>*-= ESTABLISHED 1843 Frederic Riker FUNERAL DIRECTOR 130 SEVENTH AVENUE Corner Carroll Street BROOKLYN NEW YORK Long Distance Phone 0919 South HOTEL MARTIN UTICA NEW YORK In the heart of the business section LUNCHEON .75 DINNER $1.50 also A LA CARTE service CAFETERIA in connection I. •V WILLIAM M. MARTIN President and Manager THOS. R. BAILEY Sf CO., 'Painting and TDecorating 9 5 27 Washington Street Utica, N. Y. ( 3332 / Phones < 2626 > Gramercy W.H.LUB0LD "Restaurant 6 West 24th Street New York Luncheon and Dinner Specialties A la Carte Service until 8 p. m. Rates for dinner parties and banquets on request SCG^E E*^S), :i [126] Masonry During the Civil War kindliest attentions. If war cannot be averted or turned aside, let every brother use his utmost endeavors, and, as far as lies in his power, rob it of some of its horrors. While each is true to his sense of public and patriotic duty, on whichever side he may be arrayed, we earnestly urge that he shall also be true to those high and holy teachings inculcated by our Order." The letter closes with the prayer that "God, in His infinite mercy, may yet incline the hearts of His people to ways of peace," and that "He may dissipate and disperse the storm-cloud of destruction which seems to hang so fearfully above us." The Grand Lodge of New York, at its Annual Communication, in June, 1861, referred the memorial, with similar letters, to a com- mittee of which Past Grand Master John L. Lewis, Jr., was chair- man, which reported that no inquiry could be made into the subject and no appropriate action suggested, without discussing political questions and affairs of civil government, all of which was clearly outside of the province of Masonry. A courteous reply was ordered and the subject dropped. Out of 518 Lodges on the Grand Lodge register, 410 were repre- sented at the Annual Communication, in 1861, under the Grand Mastership of John W. Simons. It was the largest assemblage of Masons ever brought together in Grand Lodge. The prevailing harmony was inspiring. At a time when civil society was "convulsed to its- utmost depths," Grand Master Simons could point with pride to Masonry, "calm and dispassionate, pursuing, with measured and unfaltering step, the mission set apart unto her, and closing the avenues of her temples from the very echo of discord and strife." MILITARY LODGES Applications were received for dispensations to permit the forma- tion of Lodges in several regiments. Under the Constitution, as it stood, such dispensations could not be granted. The Grand Lodge felt inclined to meet the wishes of the applicants. Accordingly, the Grand Master was authorized to issue "letters of dispensation for the formation of traveling Lodges," suggesting, however, that this authority be exercised "under such restrictions and limitations, juris- dictional and otherwise, as may seem necessary to conduce to the best interests of the craft." Grand Master Finlay M. King who succeeded John W. Simons, in 1861, issued dispensations for the formation of eight "traveling Lodges": Scott, in Excelsior Brigade. National Zouaves, in 10th Regt., N. Y. Volunteers. New York Militia, in 21st Regt., N. Y. S. Militia. [127] r.o^ f -=**d am V The Nassau Hotel LONG BEACH, L. I. Open *All Tear Conventions and Banouets a Specialty I iC<2^= JAGELS & BELLIS High Grade Coals FULLER BUILDING 23rd St. and Broadway NEW YORK CITY N. Y [128] =k^2)3 A Masonry During the Civil War American Union, in 21st Regt., N. Y. Volunteers. Scott Life Guard, in 38th Regt., N. Y. Volunteers. Robert Anderson, in Anderson Zouaves Regt. Niagara Military, in 28th Regt., N. Y. Volunteers. In 1864 Grand Master Clinton F. Paige expressed himself firmly and unalterably opposed to traveling Military Lodges, declaring, "I can discover no principles of Masonic law nor equity that will justify us in sending one of our Lodges into another jurisdiction temporarily, that would not with equal propriety allow us to establish a lodge perma- nently therein. Entertaining these views, I declined granting such dispen- sations, and submit the question to the better judgment of the Grand Lodge." The Grand Lodge thereupon voted against "the further establish- ment or continuance of Military Lodges." WAR INCIDENTS An interesting incident of the war was related to the Grand Lodge, in 1862, by Dr. John J. Crane, then Deputy Grand Master. Jackson H. Chase, a past Master of Temple Lodge, Albany, who was Quartermaster of the Third Regiment, New York Volunteers, had found that among the deserted buildings in the village of Hampton, Virginia, there was a Masonic Hall open to depredation. He reported the discovery to the commander, Major-General Butler, who was also a Mason. An inspection was made and the furniture, regalia, warrants (one of them dated 1787), jewels, tools, minutes and other properties were found intact. They belonged to St. Tammany Lodge, No. 5. The commander ordered the material to be placed in custody within the Union lines until it could be restored to its rightful owners. Dr. Crane, on being advised of this action, suggested that the prop- erties should be forwarded, under a flag of truce, to Grand Secretary John Dove, of the Grand Lodge of Virginia, as the rightful custodian, in the absence of the officers of St. Tammany Lodge. His suggestion was carried out. The following is another of the many war incidents reported to the Grand Lodge: A Brother, Edwin Cole, private in the 71st Regi- ment, New York Volunteers, and member of Hope Lodge, No. 244, was severely wounded at the battle of Bull Run and taken prisoner. At New Orleans, where he was taken, his sufferings became known to Grand Master J. Q. A. Fellows, of the Grand Lodge of Louisiana, who provided at once for the comfort of Brother Cole, and on learn- ing that there were eight other Masons among the war prisoners in the city, supplied them with clothing, medical attendance and food. The Grand Lodge of New York was informed by Brother Cole, what [129] The Balsams DIXVILLE NOTCH, N. H. 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The Federal Government honored him with a commission as Breret Brigadier-General. General Ely S. Parker, who served on the staff of General Grant, and as military secretary drew up the first copy of the terms of capitulation of General Lee at Appomattox, was a full-blooded Seneca Indian, a grand-nephew of Red Jacket and Chief of the Six Nations. He was made a Mason in Batavia Lodge, No. 475, and later served as Master of Akron Lodge, No. 527. The custom having spread through Lodges of the State of pre- senting individual members serving in the army, with swords, sashes and other insignia of war, accompanying the presentation with ex- pressions not in harmony with the pure tenets of the craft, the Grand Master promptly issued a letter asking all Lodges to refrain from the practice. The street procession held in New York City, as part of the municipal exercises in conection with the burial of President Abra- ham Lincoln, in April, 1865, was participated in by more than five thousand Brethren, forming a separate division. PEACE RESTORED As the Grand Lodge had kept itself scrupulously free from inter- ference in politics at the beginning of the war, when its sympathies were appealed to by Masonic bodies of the South, to lend the power of its influence to help avert the threatening civil war, so it avoided giv- ing encouragement to any political movement, however much the ob- ject might accord with the principles of Freemasonry. Grand Master Finlay M. King thus would take no part in a proposed Peace Con- ference of Masons, which was to be held at Louisville, in 1861, declar- ing that neither Masonic organizations nor their official representa- tives, as such, had the right to interfere in affairs pertaining to the political government of the country. The proper field of Freemasonry was pointed out by Grand Master Robert D. Holmes, when, after the close of the war, the extreme suf- fering of the people of the South becoming known in the North, he said, in 1867: "I call attention urgently to the fact that, although much has been done to relieve the fearful distress of our brethren and those dependent on them, in that section of our country, yet much remains to done by our hands. [131] ?C(sV*= ER ^c>: as I ERECTED TO THE MEMORY OF M-.W-JOHN STEWART BY HIS MASONIC FRIENDS Bronze Tablet Designed by H. P. KllOwleS, Architect Qast by Jno. Williams, inc. Bronze Foundry and Wrought Iron Works Architectural Bronze, Wire Mesh Work, Honor Rolls Memorial and Historical Tablets Foundry and Shops: 536 to 556 W. 27th St., 549 to 555 W. 26th St. Office: 556 W. 27th St., New York We Specialize in the Lighting of ^hlasonic buildings CONSULT US for Concealed Lighting Effects STAINED GLASS ILLUMINATION POLARALITE SIGNS I. P. FRINK, INC. 24TH Street and ioth Avenue, New York SAN FRANCISCO PHILADELPHIA CHICAGO CLEVELAND BOSTON CINCINNATI aC ,(^E =*r** 'Ji [134] Cornerstone Laying of Public Buildings and Monuments THE Grand Lodge of New York has to its credit the ceremonial laying of cornerstones of hundreds of public buildings and monuments in the State. They include court houses, city halls, libraries, churches, schools, asylums, post offices and other Federal edifices, soldiers' and sailors' monuments, the Washington Memorial Arch in New York City, armories, universities, State and County buildings. The laying of the cornerstone of the Egyptian Obelisk, in Central Park, New York City, was an occasion of especial moment. Nine thousand Masons, all appareled in regulation black frock coats, silk hats, white gloves and white aprons, marched in procession, escorted by uniformed Knights Templar. The Obelisk, weighing forty-three tons, had been brought from Egypt, together with the pieces forming the foundation, by Lieut. Henry H. Gorringe, of the United States Navy, a member of Anglo-Saxon Lodge, No. 137, of Brooklyn. It had stood originally at Heliopolis until, in 23 B. C. it was removed to Alexandria. It was one of the two stones known as Cleopatra's Needles. The second stone was taken to London, and is now standing on the Thames. Lieutenant Gorringe, William Henry Hulburt, of the New York World, on behalf of William P. Vanderbilt whose public-spirited gen- erosity had enabled the city to obtain the monument, and William Sherer, speaking for Anglo-Saxon Lodge, united in an invitation to the Grand Lodge to perform the Masonic ceremony of laying the cornerstone. The invitation was accepted. The cornerstone, enclos- ing a memorial box, was laid in accordance with the traditional ritual of the craft. This was on October 9, 1880. On August 5, 1884, in response to an invitation from the American Committee of the Statue of Liberty, Grand Master William A. Brodie, [135] Kg* * **&, ai HERMAN A. METZ HOME AND ASYLUM COMMITTEE JOSEPH SHENK T^eal Estate 55a RIVERSIDE DRIVE NEW YORK Established 1878 Cable Address: Joiner, Newyork. Incorporated 1906 A. B. C. and Lieber Codes Used FRENKEL & CO., i™. Cjeneral Insurance EIGHTY MAIDEN LANE, NEW YORK eighth floor Notary Public Telephone 5555 John CJKelL Records MANUFACTURED BY General Phonograph Corporation OTTO HEI NEMAN, President j 25 WEST 45TH STREET - " NEW YORK * [136] Cornerstone Laying assisted by his associate Grand Lodge officers, laid the cornerstone of the pedestal of the Bartholdi Statue of Liberty Enlightening the World, on Bedloe's Island, in New York Harbor. The box placed under the stone contained many rare memorials, among them nine- teen bronze medals from the United States Mint, representing as many Presidents of the Federal Government. Although cornerstones of public buildings and monuments had been laid by representatives of the Grand Lodge from the beginning of the history of the State, voices of opponents began to be heard question- ing the propriety of the procedure. The Grand Master took occasion, therefore, to offer words of explanation, at the laying of the corner- stone of the Statue of Liberty. He said that the Fraternity had been called upon for this service because it had become a common law practice the world over to invite the Masonic craft to lay the corner- stones of public structures, in time-honored recognition of the fact that, symbolically at least, the Freemasons of the present are the descendants of the ancient operative Masons who built the world's great masterworks of architecture. There was, besides, a special reason : "No institution has done more to promote liberty and to free men from the trammels and chains of ignorance and tyranny, than Freemasonry, and we, as a Fraternity, take an honest pride in depositing the cornerstone of the pedestal of the Statue of Liberty Enlightening the World." [137] ? GV* Tiling and Marble Work in the Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Hospital at Utica, N. Y. Installed by STEARNS & HOLMES, Inc. Tiling — Marble — Slate Branch Jefferson Co., National Bank Bldg. watertown, n. y. 305 MONTGOMERY ST. SYRACUSE, N.Y. I The Lankton-Burke Co. INCORPORATED TUnbtrtnkpVB 12 STEUBEN PARK UTICA, N. Y The William Trimbey Company Wholesale Grocers Importers and Jobbers of Teas, Coffees and Spices 141 HOTEL STREET UTICA, N. Y. GLOVERS Imperial Dog Medicines Free Book on "Dog Diseases and How to Feed Them mailed on application to H. Clay Glover,V. S. S&1SL- 129 W. 24tn ST.. NEW YORKNg^' ' ■■■^'—. '■'-'*!_ ■«.' ,<2^E *^: I JM [138] The War Relief Administration THE Great War into which America entered on the 6th day of April, 1917, involved the participation, it is believed of not less than 10 per cent, of the total armed forces of the United States of America who were Free Masons, and this proportion, apply- ing to the entire country, was not less for the State of New York. Not all this number served Overseas, but were fairly equally dis- tributed between Overseas and Home service. Grand Lodge sat on the first Tuesday of May, 1917, and with ap- preciation of the duties and opportunities which the situation would present to Free Masonry, pledged its funds and unlimited patriotism and support, but took no constructive action respecting the War and participation therein. During the summer of 1917 this received careful consideration by Grand Master Penney and his associates, and resulted in the recon- vening of the 136th Annual Comunication of Grand Lodge, which sat again on September 10, 1917, and legislated for the purposes of the War. The matter of the proposed legislation had been committed to a Committee Plan and Scope of Masonic Service during the War, which recommended among other things ministering to all men in the service and the accumulation of a fund of not less than a million dollars for the purpose of defraying the expense thereof and affording such relief as might become necessary to men in the service, and their families and dependents. Promptly thereafter the accumulation of the War Relief Fund was undertaken. At the 137th Annual Communication of Grand Lodge the organiza- tion of the War Relief Administration was authorized, to comprise in its membership (1) the elected Grand Lodge Officers, (2) the active Past Grand Masters who are members of the Committee on Hall and Asylum, (3) the Judge Advocate, (4) the Chief Commissioner of Appeals, (5) two Past Masters of up-State Lodges, (6) two Past Masters of Metropolitan District Lodges, (7) one Brother selected at large, a total of nineteen, and its incorporation was authorized. Grand Master Farmer added two to this number for reasons which seemed good to him, and his action, reported at the 138th Annual Communication, was approved, thus making a Board of twenty-one. On the 3d of February, 1919, the War Relief Administration thus composed, was incorporated under the Membership Corporation Law of the State of New York, and its first officers were, President, M.'.W.'.William Sherer; Vice-President, M.'-W-'. Charles Smith; Sec- [139] Our Service to Tou The making of portraits by photography. Persever- ing study and application have made us experts in the delineation of character with the camera. We have a full line of views of the grounds and buildings of the Masonic Home on sale. CARL K. FREY, 247 Genesee Street Photographist, Utica, N. Y. "The House of Good Service' STRADLING Plumbing and Heating Company STERLING RANGES 50 Genesee Street Utica, N. Y. SHAUGHNESSY BROS. Hardware ? 143 Genesee Street Arcade Building UTICA, N. Y. Nellis, Amos & Swift RETAIL LUMBER Planing Mills ^ Yards and Office 305 TILDEN AVENUE UTICA, N. Y. [140] The War Relief Administration retary, M.'-W-'-Robert Judson Kenworthy; Treasurer, Bro. Walter E. Frew. Of course, it was expected that the occasion for financial relief to distressed, disabled brethren and their dependents would be prompt and insistent, and to some extent this expectation was realized; but fortunately the brief duration of the War and the comparatively light casualties suffered by the Fraternity greatly reduced the calls upon the Administration and the demands upon its resources. In a number of instances loans were made in 1918 and 1919 to service men or their dependents, all of which have been repaid. The fund to finance the Mission to Free Masons Overseas was supplied by the Adminstration and a part thereof expended. The War having ended November 11, 1918, Grand Master Farmer suggested that out of the unexpended balance of the fund there be constructed at Utica a "Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Hospital" as a memorial to our men who served in the War and to supply the cry- ing need of ministering to the physically indigent for whom we had never found room or wherewithal. Grand Lodge approved the plan, and the cornerstone of the building was laid with appropriate cere- mony September 20, 1919, by Grand Master Farmer. Among the various activities of the Administration were the main- tenance during the War of Sea and Field Club in Masonic Hall, New York City, for service men, allied with the War Camp Community service, which furnished recreation and comfort to many thousands of members of the fraternity coming from every Grand Lodge juris- diction in the United States, and their friends. The activities of the Masonic Mission in France are well known and involved the services therein of six representative members of the Fraternity dispatched from America, who devoted themselves to that activity. After the Armistice our boys who had been Overseas were gradually returning to this country, many of them sick and disabled, and in great physical and mental distress. For months they were established in various debarkation hospitals in and about the City of New York, where the Administration, through Committees organized for the purpose, min- istered to them unremittingly. The Administration also rendered useful service in tracing missing Brethren and in establishing com- munication between men and their friends. Soon the occasion for the existence of the War Relief Administra- tion will have passed, and it, too, will have passed into history, having during its approximately four years of life received and disbursed considerably more than a million dollars and engaged in the various activities of ministering to the service men during their mobilization and before embarkation, and again thereafter on their return home; ministering also to them while engaged in the service Overseas; re- lieving their dependents financially distressed, and finally in erecting, equipping and turning over complete a magnificent building intended for kind and loving accommodation and service to the sick and distressed. [141] Williams & Morgan Quality Furniture 31 GENESEE STREET I IO JOHN STREET UTICA, N. Y. Trommer's Malt Brew LIGHT and DARK Brewed from the Finest Selected Imported Hops and the Choicest Barley Malt obtainable Order a case for your home to-day and be convinced of its superiority JOHN F. TROMMER, inc., Evergreen Brewery Bushwick Avenue and Conway Street :: :: BROOKLYN, N. Y. On Draught and in Bottles (Imtilever 414 FULTON STREET 22 WEST 39TH STREET (over Schrafft's) (near Fifth Avenue) BROOKLYN NEW YORK ORANGE PEKOE TEA Makes GOOD Tea a Certainty [142] The Grand Master's Message to the Craft EXTRACTS FROM THE ADDRESS OF M.\W. .ROBERT HUGH ROBINSON TO THE GRAND LODGE, MAY, 1921 WITH grateful acknowledgment of all the many blessings that have been showered upon us, with profound thanksgiving to our Heavenly Father for His abounding goodness to us, with constant and enduring faith in His Almighty power to guide us, with steadfast unwavering hope in the usefulness the future has in store for us, with sincere and unfeigned love to all the brethren that is born of a, though humanly limited, yet earnest appreciation and ap- prehension of the illimitable love of our Father, God, to each of us, with a keen sense of the responsibility that rests upon us and en- couraged by a firm belief in your wisdom and fidelity, I greet you in the spirit of true fraternity and welcome you most heartily to this our Annual Communication. A reference to preceding annual addresses of Grand Masters re- veals very singular prophecies and hopes as to the influence of Free Masonry on World Conditions as they exist today. Predictions made as to the potential strength of the Craft as an influential force for righteousness have come and are coming true, hopes expressed that our great institution in pointing to lofty ideals in civic and social life might become a mighty factor in the moral betterment of the World have been and are beng realized. In the midst of all the world changes, the general unrest, the violent adjustment and readjustment of the level of values and all the other apparently uncontrollable changes that have taken place, in face of the threatened invasion of the peaceful, regular and sane order of things by forces that make for disorder, degradation and de- struction, Free Masonry, imbued with and holding forth the invincible spirit of Americanism, inculcating lofty citizenship and the principles of righteous and honorable living, looms forth more popular than ever before in its history in its appeal to thousands of young men as a desirable and enviable haven of membership. No institution builded on the sure foundation of fraternal right and sending forth the unmistakable light of truth and rectitude, is more approved and accepted today in the minds of just and honest thinking men than is this institution of ours. It is evidenced in the veritable clamor of the many thousands of men who are earnestly [143] ^ THE ARCHITECTURE, DECORATION, ILLUMINATION SCENERY PAINTING and BOOTH EQUIPMENT for MASONIC EXPOSITION by S. ASCH, exposition and "Park ^Builder 383 CANAL STREET, NEW YORK Inquiries solicited on Interior Construction and Decoration Globe Grocery Stores, inc. Operated by Jones Bros. Tea Co. TOP QUALITY at BOTTOM PRICES Brooklyn Stores located at 4-6 East Fifth Street 745 Flatbush Avenue ao6 Smith Street 71 Fifth Avenue 1624 Newkirk. Avenue 230 Troy Avenue BROOKLYN, N. Y. S. WEIL & CO., Inc. ^Makers of WOMEN'S FOOTWEAR 379-385 De Kalb Avenue, Brooklyn NEW YORK Telephones 2323-2324-2325 Gramercy TOWER BROS. STATIONERY CO. Wholesale, Retail and Manufacturing STATIONERS Loose Leaf Devices a Specialty Mail Orders given prompt attention 23 WEST 23rd STREET :: NEW YORK CITY TTpuHnO* Rr AnnliaTIPP Appliances for the Home XlCdUIlg OL 2\ppil' *€>' *P* *€»* *P" *P" *P" *€»" *P" *P" [155] tp- z o r- < N Z < o ct: o LL o LU r- < O a: UL LU o Q O _l Q Z < O LL o CO a: UJ u LL LL O X CO r- CO -a a a -a a 03 a ■a a 03 a d 3 1-9 a -o a cs a c GO 13 a 03 M c d Q a 03 a o o 03 03 ►S >"5 •8 °8 lam Cock. Ham Cock ss Clark. 01 c 13 o ll 5= 03 awrence Scott. Scott. Morton. Morton. Morton. Morton. hJ i-l g gXiXi^^ Will tWil Jam d • c a o o o o - - £ - -_ CJ -. c 03 03 03 03 03 03 >-9 >-9 T-s ►T-: !"9 !"9 r. /.:/-■/. 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OO o „ o oj CO CO -7-1 1 o2, 4343 3 O O « «Pb1» awl CO . >>>> .43 43 - ° <3 12 « » it it g ? it oj 0J43 2, oj oSVStJ.ti c '-'coco^ hH 0-^ o o o o o o 3D H H S S d n S OJ OJ 43 43 WW 03 03 e B.B.O WWH CO CO co CO .2 42 -O T-1 OJ a oj oj 3 s-g fHCOCOpJPlJO OOHCNM*iOcBNI»OOHNn<|iir)ONCflfl)0«NM*iOlONC«)OlO — 000)C!3CJ01C)10)010iOi05CjOOOOOOOOOhhhhhhhhhhNN ccc»c»c>occoococoooootx)oosocj^cj^oroooio>o^050!0 >. u a ct) o hi "J &► fl oj J?43 o.2 *" o *s S S «o 5^ M A tf ° M tj « » c .« oj* .. o 2o6t_* CO £0000" >>~ >. U p,ca g OJ OJ ffiQQ [159] RCS** -=**®x WICKS, HUGHES & CO. Plumbing and Heating Sheet Metal Work 224 GENESEE STREET UTICA, N. Y. FOUNDED 1877 Bremer s SENECA SQUARE UTICA, N. Y. u THE NAME THAT MEANS GOOD THINGS TO EAT PIANOS PLAYER PIANOS VICTROLAS Buckingham <£^ Moak Co. 119-121 GENESEE STREET UTICA, N. Y. Bur6du of Informdtion ^B^oSSteK to tell you promptly what it will cost to ab- Telephone Longacre solutely and completely rid your premises of 8390 - 8391 - 8392 - 8393 - 1515 - 1520 all discomfort and disease breeding vermin. GUARANTEE EXTERMINATING COMPANY 500 Fifth Avenue :: New York City RobinSOIl's The Exclusive Shop FRENCH ICE CREAM FINE CONFECTIONS GEORGE H. HALSEY ESTHER C. WINNIE 244 Genesee St., Utica, N. Y. 'Telephone 592-W Established 43 Years Standard Quality THE C. G. BRAXMAR CO. 10-12 Maiden Lane, New York City Manufacturers of Masonic and other Fraternal Emblems Jewels, Charms, Rings and Buttons made to order. We also manufacture Masonic Regalia Langdon & Hughes Electric Co. UTICA NEW YORK RHT I TOD FjFQF iture •» «« at V_/ JL/ J-i J. V^ JT J-/ J-/ )J £\. LJ variety of style and price T. J. Sellew, 111 Fulton Street, New York City Telephone 2074-2075 Beekman Established 1829 EDWARD P. FRANCIS EDWARD S. DELAMATER ■c Qjtxb ^r* E|c ^e)?? I XI.' MECHANICS BANK Court and Montague Sts., Brooklyn Capital and Surplus, $3,250,000.00 Total Resourses, $40,000,000.00 GEORGE W. CHAUNCEY, Chairman of the Board Hary M. DeMott - Andrew T. Sullivan James A. Stewart - Harry F. Burns - - Francis Weeks - - Wilton C. Donn Edward Q. Baker - OFFICERS President A. S. Ingram - Vice-President Vice-President Vice-President Vice-President - - Cashier Asst. Cashier F. I. Ketcham Jacob Schaefer. Jr. Joseph Stewart, Jr. Harry V. Kelly - John H. Laeger - Wm. J. Elster Asst. Asst. Asst. Asst. Asst. Asst. Asst. Cashier Cashier Cashier Cashier Cashier Cashier Cashier BRANCH OFFICES Bay Ridge Branch — Third Avenue and 51st Street Broadway Branch — Broadway near Gates Avenue Fifth Avenue Branch — 5th Avenue and qth Street Fulton Branch — 356-358 Fulton Street Nassau Branch — Bedford Avenue and Broadway Schermerhorn Branch — Thiid Avenue and Schermerhorn Street 26th Ward Branch — Atlantic and Georgia Avenues Individual and Business Accounts Invited "Orthopedic Shoes in Disguise'' The StartrightWalking Shoe "Flexible Arch" Combining Style and Comfort for those who want both 32S CLASSON AVE. MANUFACTURED BY GTT7" r> 1 nl r> 325 CLASSON AVE. eorge W. Baker bnoe Co. Brooklyn, n. y. Andrew H. Kellogg Co. c Pri?iters and lithographers 141-155 East 25th Street LEXINGTON BUILDING Phone Sjoo Madison Square NEW YORK 5 K^9, J :i [170] The Legends of Hiram, Abiff the disposal of the Lodge of Architects. King Solomon is said to have founded the degree of grand architect with the view of forming a school of architecture for the instruction of the brethren employed in the temple and of animating them with the desire of arriving at perfection in the royal art. BUILDERS OF OTHER TEMPLES The Ghiblim, or stone-squarers, polishers, and sculptors, says Dr. Oliver, a high Masonic authority, were the Dionysiacs, a society of architects, who built the temple of Hercules at Tyre, and many mag- nificent edifices in Asia Minor, before the temple of Solomon was projected. They were the masters and wardens of the lodges of Masons during the erection of this famous edifice; to them was in- trusted the execution of those works of art and genius which were projected by the chief architect, Hiram Abiff; they maintained order and regularity throughout the vast number of inferior workmen and laborers. There was in Egypt a body of builders known as the Hiero Latomi, or sacred builders, and the tradition runs that they migrated along the shores of the Mediterranean, eventually settling in Tyre, and they would naturally bring with them much of the wisdom of the Egyp- tians, particularly the arts of building and architecture. Tyre thus became a center of learning and civilization and a most likely place for Solomon to turn when in need of skillful workmen and artificers for the building of the temple. HIRAM ABIFF'S HISTORY Hiram Abiff lived toward the end of the tenth century B.C., at which time, and many centuries later, in the time of Tutmes III (about 1600 B.C.) Hiram's countrymen were renowned for the production of works of art. Dr. Anderson, in his "Book of Constitutions," issued in 1738, says: "Solomon had the laborers of his own; but was much obliged to Hiram, King of Tyre, for many of the Ghiblim and Bonai, who lent him his best artists and sent him the firs and cedars of Lebanon ; but, above all, he sent his namesake, Hiram Abiff, who, in Solomon's absence, filled the chair as deputy grand master and in his presence was the senior grand warden, or principal surveyor and master of work." Some continental brethren hold that the art and mystery of the Masonic Order was first introduced at the building of the Tower of Babel; thence handed down by Euclid, who communicated it to Hiram Abiff, under whom, at the building of the temple of Solomon, was an expert architect named Mannon Graecus, who, according to legen- dary lore, introduced it into England. [171] JACOB LANDY £ lee trie ^Motors I 673 ELTON AVENUE NEW YORK CITY Telephone, Melrose 4417-4418-5319 FRANK W. MAHER Liberty Carting Co., inc. %enioval of <^Ashes^ T^ubbish and 'Trade Waste Phone 0597 Canal 198 Hudson St., New York UTICA PAPER CO. Utica, New York A.J.ROSENTHAL ALFRED BARKER J. P BRAEMIG President Yice-Pres. & Treas. Secretary THE BARKER PAINTING CO. Contractors for Painting, Wood Finishing 138 W. 38th STREET Interior Decorating, Mural Paintings NEW YORK CITY WHEN IN UTICA STOP AT THE BAGG'S HOTEL THREE DOORS FROM U N I O N STATION f/-\¥JKT P A M rnn 1536A 57th St., Brooklyn, N. Y. JUnil r. J\. 1V1. ELrVD Phone Blythebourne 2568 Representing the Publisher of THE BOOK OF KNOWLEDGE The Book of History - The Book of the World's War - The Universal ^ Anthology - And all other books purchased through me will save you money P I 172 1 The Glory of Solomon's Temple (From The Christian Science Monitor) When one considers the vastness and magnificence of the Temple of Solomon, it seems almost incredible, even when the enor- mous number of workmen engaged in its construction and furnishing are taken into account, that it should have been completed in all its parts in little more than seven years. There is equal cause to marvel at the statement made that all the noise of axe, hammer and saw was confined to Lebanon, the quarries, and the plains of Zera- datha; that nothing might be heard in Zion save harmony and peace. Jews have always held trades and handicraft in high esteem, and the Talmud has many references and respectful allusions to such in- dustries. Yet, although it is a Jewish custom for all males, however wealthy they may be, to be educated and trained for some profession or occupation, outside Masonry, handicrafts find little favor. Pre- sumably it was so in Solomon's time, for beyond the 113,690 Masons of various grades who, according to tradition, were employed on the construction of the temple, the majority of the workmen were Phoeni- cians, Tyrians, Sidonians and Canaanites. A STUPENDOUS WORK The stones for the temple were hewn in the quarry, and there carved, marked and numbered. The timber was felled and prepared in the forests of Lebanon, and conveyed by floats from Tyre to Joppa. The metals were fused and cast in the clay ground between Succoth and Zeradatha. The whole was then conveyed to Jerusalem, and when put together on Mount Moriah, each part fitted with such per- fect exactness as to make it appear something beyond the power of human skill unaided to accomplish; fitted with such perfect accuracy that the joints could not be discovered. There is a Jewish tradition that the stones were not so framed and polished by human art and industry, but by a worm, called samir, specially created for the purpose. It is also said that the stones [173] The Glory of Solomon's Temple came to the temple of their own accord, and were put together by angels. THE SAMIR LEGEND The legend of the discovery of the worm is thus related: "Solomon, the most wise, was sitting in his grove, near his rural palace, observing a raven feeding her young. Whilst she was off in search of food, telling a servant to bring him a glass bowl, he placed it over her nest, so as to cover the young birds. When she returned to the nest, the young ravens opened their mouths to receive the supplies which the mother was accustomed to bring them; and she, meeting with the transparent obstruction, fluttered about for some time in vain attempts to reach her imprisoned children. Vexed, she made repeated, but ineffectual, efforts to break the glass with her beak. Despairing of success in this mode of attack, she lighted upon a limb near by, and sat for some time seeming to meditate. Then, leaping into the air, and spreading her black wings, she moved off with rapid flight in the direction of an island in the Mediterranean Sea. Solo- mon, who had watched with interest all her movements, sat waiting for her return. Eventually she came, bearing in her beak a large white worm, and placing it on the rim of the nest, near the edge of the bowl, it crawled over the vessel, and along its track the glass instantly cracked, as if cut by a diamond, parted and fell to the ground. The idea flashed upon the mind of Solomon that Providence had placed in his hands a wonderful instrument. Taking the worm to the quarries, he placed it upon a great stone, which the laborers had heaved out from the mountain ; it crawled across it, and, to the amazement of the wise man, the stone opened along its path, and tumbled apart. Thou- sands of stones were thus separated into suitable rough ashkars, to be finished by the chisels and mallets of the craftsmen." PROCESS OF ERECTION The magnificent work of the erection of the temple was begun on Monday, the second day of the month "Zif," corresponding approxi- mately to the 21st of April, this being the second month of the sacred year. It was carried on with such speed that it was finished in all its parts in rather more than seven years, the completion falling on the eighth day of the month "Bui," the seventh month of the sacred year. The footsteps of the temple, according to tradition, inclosed an agate of cubical form, on which certain characters were engraven on a plate of gold, the meaning of which was known only to Solomon himself; and it was deposited before the rising of the sun, as an [174] The Glory of Solomon's Temple example to the workmen that they ought to begin the day early, and work with assiduity and zeal. But if the masonic or structural work or the temple gave cause for wonderment, the work of the smiths of all description was equally, if not more marvelous. Tubal Cain is said to have been the first of the great family of Smiths throughout the world. Not only does the handicraft claim the largest number of workers throughout the world, but the name itself is most frequent in every language. The word "Cain" means "smith" and "Tubal" means "iron chips." The art of working in brass and copper and iron was regarded as of primeval antiquity and was largely practiced by the Canaanites, who were especially famed for their war chariots (Judges iv, 3). Copper was known to the Israelites before the Exodus, but Biblical scholars are generally agreed that brass and copper, when mentioned in the Old Testament, are identical substances, and that the compound of copper and zinc now known as brass was not known to the ancients. Tradition states that the movable jewels used in the construction of the temple, consisting of gold and silver vessels, amounted in value to £6,904,822,500, and that of the stones, timber, ivory, brass, iron and other materials, classed under the head of fixtures and immov- able jewels, was £150,000,000. The contribution of Solomon himself was princely, and that of the princes and his people, together with the magnificent presents of Hiram, King of Tyre, the Queen of Sheba, and other nobles, amounted to no less than £400,000,000,000. "Its inner walls, beams, posts, doors, floors, and ceilings were made of cedar and olive wood and planks of various beautiful engravings, and adorned with precious jewels of many splendid colors. The nails which fastened these plates were also of gold, with heads of curious workmanship. The roof was of olive wood, covered with gold; and when the sun shone thereon the reflection from it was of such a reful- gent splendor that it dazzled the eyes of all who b?held it." Tradition records that the temple of Solomon was supported by 1,435 columns and 2,906 pilasters, all composed of the finest Parian marble. The table of gold, mentioned in I Kings, vii, 48, as being made by Solomon and given to the temple, is believed by some to be still in existence. According to legendary lore, it was carried to Spain after the destruction of Jerusalem, and remained there until the conquest of that country by the Moors, who are said to have sent it to Damascus, whence it was removed to Mecca. [175] V GR-AND FASHION PROMENADE II "YOUTH" Hats and Capes by Mrs. Paul Solomon {This Number conceived and executed by Mrs. Solomon) III "THE COUNTRY CLUB" Costumes and All Accessories by Abercrombie & Fitch Co. IV "'TIS THE 'STYLISH STOUT COR- SET' THAT MAKES THE GOWN" Showing that no woman is too stout to be stylishly, becomingly and beautifully gowned. Sveltline Fashions V "MY HOSTESS OF FASHION" Costumes and All Accessories by Bon wit, Teller & Co. [177] GRAND FASHION PROMENADE VI HORACE GOLDEN, M* Master Illusionist, presents "A STATIONARY PROMENADE" {This number conceived, designed and executed especially for the Masonic Fashion Show by Horace Golden) HATS by Bruck-Weiss Joseph Ferle Heller ■♦«SSf*- zJldded Feature, for Evening 'Program Only VII "THE BACHELOR'S DREAM" Featuring the newest Paris Creations in Evening Costumes, from the Salon of Boue Soeurs, Paris and New York. {'This number conceived and executed with the kind assistance of Mme. Boue) (i) Imperatrice (4) Messaline (2) Azyadee (5) La Fee (3) Bijou (6) Lucifer {Maris Lounging Robe by courtesy of A. Sulka & Co.) 1178] G R A*N D FASHION EXPOSITION At 2: JO and 8: JO p. m. MILLS AND MILLS Presenting Death-Defying Feats in Mid- Air "THE ELEPHANT ON THE HIGH WIRE" Engagement Extraordinary! BACHMAN'S MILLION DOLLAR BAND AND SOLOISTS In Classic and Popular Selections ••H9Sf+- iADDED FEATURES on the Lower Level SUZANNE AND HER BABY Rare Specimens of the Gorilla Family - representing Darwin s Theory of Man s Origin [179] GRAND FASHION EXPOSITION "CLOVER" $ I -year-old Racing Horse declared by experts to be the oldest member of the Squine family in existence. Presented by Reverend and Mrs. U. MYERS Owners of "Clover. ■♦•««►♦• GHANDI CARICTS SINGALESE VILLAGE Presenting the Manners, Customs and Pastimes of the Orient. ■*4gm*- PATHE'S "BEHOLD THE MAN" A Motographic Portrayal in natural colors of the Passion Play at Oberammergau. [180]