n GIFT or • JToW WORD BOOK OF ENGLISH SPELLING BY WILLIAM SWINTON, A. M., AUTHOR OF "WORD ANALYSIS," "WORD PRIMER," "LANGUAGE SERIES," " CONDENSED HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES," ET& REVISED EDITION. NEW YORK •:• CINCINNATI •:• CHICAGO AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY, « ' t t • « - ■ ■ • * ' ' f « • ' f * t COPYBIGHT, 1872. By WILLIAM BWINTOS. Copyright, 1900, by R. W. E. Swinton. Copyright, 1904, by Jean Swiuton. E- P 4 Oy ia PKEFACE. -~>>*i< One of the most difficult tasks of school life is to learn to spell common English words correctly. Hence correct spelling is regarded as a sign of culture, and bad spelling indicates the lack of it. Orthography can not be taught in twelve easy lessons to be mastered in a week, nor can it be gained from reading- lessons or from the text-books on grammar and arithmetic. There is need for a special book constructed with special reference to the mastery of the words in common use and with distinct regard to their meaning and use. Many of the errors in spelling arise either from the failure of the writer to discern clearly the customary usage of letters to represent sounds, or from the failure to discrim- inate between two words similar in sound but distinguished by their spelling. This book has been in publication many years, and has secured its place in the schools as a most useful text-book for teaching spelling. The revision made in the new plates is not structural. Care has been taken to correct a few errors which had long escaped attention because of their insignificance. A few obsolescent words have been dropped. Lists of words written from dictation should not be punctuated. The use of the capital letter for proper nouns should be insisted upon. VI PREFACE. The Word Book was written with the hope of arousing interest in the pupils and of securing the correct spelling of common English words by such selection, arrangement, and contrasts as would impress upon the memory not only the exact form of the word but the meaning that accom- panies the form. It has also been found that such an intelligent study of word-forms leads to a keener percep- tion of the shades of meaning that may be obtained by a careful choice of words. The study of the speller is thus a preliminary step in the acquirement of a wide and powerful diction. 1 1 SWINTON'S WORD BOOK. >*K< SECTION I. FIRST YEAR'S WORK. FIRST MONTH. 1. Objects in a Schoolroom. Written Exercise, Write the words clearly, arranging them in four columns. desks ta' hie black' hoards spong' es chairs chalk platform pen' cils hooks stove point ers knives slates teach' er ruh hers rul' ers charts hell pic tures clock maps cray' ons schol ars pa* per 2. Names of Boys and Girls. Written Exercise. Names of persons and of places should always begin with a capital letter. AVhert Hen' ry AV ice Grace Charles Jacob Be/ tha Eel' en Da' vid John Clar' a V da Ed' ward Lew' is Do ra Jane Frank Mo' ses El' len Kate George Pe' ter Flor' ence Lu' cy 2 SWINTON'S WORD-BOOK. 3. Pronunciation and Oral Spelling. Words having the long sound of a, as mfate, marked a. grape ma 7 tron wa' ger an' gel sav' ior bathe pa tron sa tan man ger sales man gate pas try ra ven stran ger trades man paste a corn la tent na val grave yard scrape va por na ture na tion na sal 4. Pronunciation and Oral Spelling. Words in which other letters have the sound of long a. brain dai' ly rail 7 road snail dain ty sail or skein rai ment hei nous chain dai sy jail er whey wait er rein deer Names of Common Animals. Written Exercise. cray on may or day time rai sin pay ment hors' eg po' nies mas' tiffs squir' rels calves pup pies spar' rows wea sels sheep kit' tens span iels don! keys lambs heif ers ter' ri ers mules cows hounds rab' bits cat' tie 6. Parts of a House. Written \ Exercise. en' try at' tic W bra ry clos et par lor eel lar pan try cu' po la kitch en gar ret ve ran da pi az za bed room base ment clothes' press bal' co ny cham bet stair case ban is ter cup board FIRST YEAR'S WORK. 3 hat wag rap have slant 7. Pronunciation and Oral Spelling. Words having the short sound of a in add, marked a bal' lad wag' on ac id pat ent ad der ad die ai um cab in an vil Ar ab pas sion ac tion tas sel gal lop ham mock 8. Pronunciation and Oral Spelling. Sound of a. Be careful to give the short sound of a in every word. ac' cent gal' lant flan' nel car' ry ab sence scaf fold las so sal ad hav oc blad der pal ate Ian tern das tard clat ter span gle gath er an gle mar ry an swer rath er 9. "Written Spelling. Household Names. Names of S mall Fruits. fa' ther hus' band ap pies cur' rants moth' er wife a! pri cots straw' ber ries broth' er uri cle pears rasp' ber ries sis' ter aunt peach' es goose ber ries niece cous' in quin ces black' ber ries 10. "Written Spelling. Names of Tools. Occupations. awl hatch' et hat' ter butch' er ax ham mer paint! er coop' er knife an' get brew' er car' pen ter plane chis el print' er mil' li ner shears gim' let gar 1 den er teach' er SWINTON'S WORD-BOOK. 11. Oral Spelling. Words having the sound of a in arm and palm, marked a. far far' thest liar' vest la' va 11a' ma are dar ling liar ness fa ther bra vo harm mar ble var nisli pa pa gua no farm car cass gar den mam ma gua va cart char coal gar ter car' pet Ja va 12. Oral Spelling. Words having the sound of a or an = a. palm calf aunt laugh laun' dry balm half daunt gaunt gaunt let psalm bath flaunt jaunt jaun dice salve wrath launch haunt saun ter calm gape taunt haunch daunt less 13. Parts of the Human Body. Written Exercise* head wrists fore' head knees hair throat eye brows joints ears breast eye lids veins eyes thumbs Jin gers shoul' ders tongue thighs an hies stom ach 14. Months and their Abbreviations. Jan* u a ry, Feb 1 ru a ry, March, A' pril, May, June, Written Exercise. Jan, Ju ly', Jul. Feb. Au' gust, Aug. Mar. Sep tern' ber, Sept. Apr. Oc to' ber, Oct. May No vem' ber, Nov. June De cem' ber, Dec. FIRST YEAR'S WORK. 5 15. Pronunciation and Oral Spelling. Words which have the sound of a in ask, marked a. Note. — This is a difficult sound, and teachers should take special pains to train pupils to give it correctly. last waft task mas' ter mask plas ter glance pas ture grant pas tor cask raft er grass ask past dance waft pass gasp pant chant aft' er bas ket cas ket nas ty pass word 16. Articles of Dress. Written Exercise. bon 1 net man tie gal ter s a pron trou sers man til' la stock' ings pan ta loons' o' ver shoes pet' ti coat tu nic wrap per cor set era vat! jack' et neck' tie col lar slip per draw ers o' ver coat 17. "Written Spelling. Names of persons are proper nouns. They should always begin, with a capital letter. Women. Men. Ag nes Ju li a Seth WaV ter Blanche Lau ra Si' las Wil lis Be' li a Ma ri' a Alfred Mar tin El'la Na?i cy Cy rus Ar thur Mo' ra 01' ive Rich ard Clar ence 18. Common Abbreviations. Written Exercise. an' swer, ans. fore' noon, A. M. cents, cts. or $. aft' er noon, P.M. pounds, lbs, or lb. noon, M. street, St. Doc' tor, Br. num' her, No. Mis' ter, Mr. 6 SWINTON'S WORD-BOOK. 19. Pronunciation and Oral Spelling. Words having the sound of a in all, marked a. salt al' so al' ways al' der malt hal ter bal sam fal ter talk al most fal len squall y small cal dron palsy thral dom waltz pal try al ter ap pall' 20. Pronunciation and Oral Spelling. Words having the sound of au = a. haul sau' cer cau' cus maul sau cy caus tic caul pau per cau tion cause sau sage au dit caulk au burn au tumn au' thor fault less lau rel gaudy daub ing 21. Monthly Oral Review Lesson. Divide into syllables in spelling. snake a' ere la' va al' most haugh' ty snail sa ber car pet wal nut dai ly catch ar id gua no al ter may or psalm pat ent fore head fal len mas tiff waltz rath er pas ture sau cer gayly 22. Monthly Written Review Lesson. knives quiri ces trou' sers Ed' gar span iel an ger schol ars Flor ence squir rel mil' li ner cor nice Feb' ru a ry kitch en fore head cur rants Blanche pi az za an kles hatch et Ma ri' a FIRST YEAR'S WORK. SECOND MONTH. 23. Oral Exercise. Words having the sound of a before r, as in care, marked a. mare share pair swear par' ent ware rare bear their prayer dare pare hair tear stair scare scarce air chair fair' y bare snare wear glare stair way 24. Trees and Flowers. Written Exercise, beech wil' low lil' y li* lac spruce al der vi' o let dai sy hem' lock chest nut pe' o ny pan sy ma pie lau rel tu lip hoi' ly hock hick' o ry syc' a more poppy but' ter cup 25. Pronunciation and Oral Spelling. Words having the sound of a in what, marked a. This sound is the same as 5 in not. wad • wan' der • wan' ton • quar' rel wand wal let wad die quar ry wan wab ble wad ding quad rant sqnash wal low warn pum squab ble squad war rant stal wart squan der 26. Kinds of Colors. Written, Exercise. ru' by yeV low li lac ma won dam ask lem on vi' o let rus' set scar let am ber or' ange sor rel crim son cit ron lav' en der az ure ver mil' ion in' di go salm on em' er aid 8 SWINTON'S WORD-BOOK. 27. Pronunciation and Oral Spelling. Words having the long sound of e in eve, marked e. < 3 long. ie = e long. eve peace field shield brief ear lease fiend yield lief sere feast fierce shriek niece hear fear pierce priest . siege mere tear tierce grief piece had het ba sin bol ster blan het car pet 28. Household Articles. Written Exercise. crick' et la! die cur tain mir ror gob let nap kin grat er pi I low grid die pitch er pic? ture sau cer bed stead sauce pan turn bier 29. Pronunciation and Oral Spelling. Words having the sound of long e. i before e. i e before • l. a chieve' re lieve' con ceit' de ceive' ag grieve re lief con ceive nei' ther re prieve a piece per ceive ceil ing re trieve a field re ceive seiz ing be lieve chief' tain re ceipt ei ther Cred' i tor, Debt' or, Mis' tress, Gov' em or, Hon' or a ble, Hon. 30. Common Abbreviations. Written Exercise, Or. North, Dr. South, Mrs. East, Gov, West, North' east, N. 8. E. W. N.E. FIRST YEAR'S WORK. 9 well bell chess sense swell 31. Pronunciation and Oral Spelling. Words having the short sound of e in end, marked e. elm else yes knell er' rand her ring cher ub ket tie rel ic ges' ture mead ow weath er feath er wheth er ver y pen ny ech o pref ace met al 32. Birds and Fishes. Written Exercise, rob' in king' bird perch pick' er el spar row night hawk roach salm on swal low bob' o link pout mack' er el plov er chick' a dee suck' er her' ring cuck oo night' in gale shin er sar dine 33 , Pronunciation and Oral Spelling. Words i in which various vow els have the sound of short e. stead' y deaf sweat' y a gain' read y an'y deaf en a gainst bur y man y clean ly in stead leath er heif er dead en heath' er meas ure peas ant head ache dread ful 34. Names of Men. Written Exercise, De'los Hi' ram Pat' rick Paul Dan iel Hor ace Mat thew Phil' ip Eb en Hugh Na than Ralph Ed win I'ra 01' i ver Rett' ben Eu gene Lou is Os f car Rob' eri 10 SWINTON'S WORD-BOOK. 35. Pronunciation and Oral Spelling. Words having the sound of e before r, as in verge, marked e. Note. — Teachers should pronounce these words for the pupils, giving a concert exer- cise in correct pronunciation. fern merge er' mine cer' tain ver' diet serve earth err ing serv ile ver bal verb nerve mer cy ear nest ker nel clerk err per son ser mon mer chant verse earn ver dure cler gy serv ant 36. Articles of Food. Written Exercise. mut' ton chick' en pas' try po id toes tur key car rots sau sa ges ba con sal ad dough' nuts cab bage eel' er y beef steak to ma! toes pick' les sug ar pud ding pre serves' rai sins al monds 37. Pronunciation and Oral Spelling. "Words having the long sound of i in ice. fine tripe ci' der live' ly high' land pipe snipe ci pher mi nor di al thrive crime li cense bi ped di et night twine fi nite twi light di vers mind strife tiny idol Friday 38. Names of Occupations. Written Exercise. The suffixes er and or mean one who. hat' ter sail' or ivrit! er bro' ker mill er gro cer au thor butch er cob bier teach er sol dier paint er coop er law yer ac tor wait er min er preach er bank er print er s. FIRST YEAR'S WORK. 11 39. Pronunciation and Oral Spelling. Words having i in the last syllable. de vise' sub side' ar rive' in quire' re vise sur prise as pire in spire re side de spise re tire ex pire de sire re sign de fine in vite ad vise bap tize in cline per spire 40. A Lesson for Girls. AV i gail, or Ab' bie Car' o line, or Car rie Cath' a rine, or Ka tie E liz' a beth, or Liz zie Geor gi an' a, or Geor gie Is' a bel, or Belle Mar' ga ret, or Mag' gie Mar' tha, or Mat tie Ma ry, or Mol lie Sa rah, or Sal lie 41. Monthly- Oral Review. Divide into syllables in spelling. their egg par' ent re lieve' kef tie scare err prayer a piece wheth er squash earn fair' y de ceive li cense siege night square re ceipt any niece swear quar' rel seiz' ing leath er 42. Monthly "Written Review. dai f sy salm' on li' lac Reu ben chest' nut cuck oo vi' o let Dan iel jte o ny au tumn cur' tain Mat thew crim son rai sins her ring Is 1 a del grat er pick les eel' er y Ka' tie 12 SWINTON'S WORD-BOOK. THIRD MONTH. 43. Oral Exercise. "Words having the sound of i before r. This is like the sound of e in verge. shirt third chirp vir' gin dirt' y girth shirk skirt sir loin cir cle flirt dirge whirl stir rap skir mish bird first mirth fir kin firm ness birth dirk thirst squir rel girl hood ed' i tor re port' er nov' el ist mu si' cian his to ri an 44. Names of Occupations. Written Exercise. print' er nurse seam' stress ped' dler phy si cian plumb' er sad dler sta tion er mer' c/iant s/iep herd ship' wright wheel wright lock smith jew' el er sur geon itch hill which ditcli niche 45. Pronunciation and Oral Spelling. Words having the short sound of i in ill, market* l. since rinse wince sink kink frig' id rig id dig it liv id tim id m'y vine yard pic nic live long tin gle brit' tie whit tie Eng land En glish I tal' ian Ben' ja min, Charles, George, James, Thorn as, 46. A Lesson for Boys. Names and their Abbreviations. Benj. Al ex an der, Alex. Chas. Chris' to pher, Chris. Geo. WW Ham, Wm. Jas. Sam 7i el, Sam' I. Thos Jon a than, Jona. FIRST YEAR'S WORK. 13 47. Pronunciation and Oral Spelling, Words having the short sound of i in ill. tim' id nim' ble fer' ule fid die kin die vil lain piv ot witch es let tuce crit ic rich es mar riage miin ic sin gle moun tain bis' cuit bus y min ute guin ea worn en 48. Written Spelling. Write, and divide the words into syllables, marking the accented syllables. Short sound of i. trib' une en gine ad live tit' bit vis or frag He due tile viv id pitch er lios tile res pite lat tice willful tor toise mis sile ag He jas mine rep tile na tive er mine 49. Pronunciation and Oral Spelling. Words having the short sound of i. Avoid giving the long sound of i in the first syllable. di rect' di vide 7 af flict' maF ice ci gar di vine a midst nov ice di gest di vorce ac quit of fice di late fi nance in still prac tice di vest ti rade sub sist crev ice Ed i tor, Dol' lars, Juri ior, Cap' tain, Post Office, 50. Common Abbreviations. Written Exercise. Ed. Gen er al, Gen. JDols. In ter est, Int. Jr. A mount', Amt. Capt. Ac count', Acct. P. 0. Ex am pie, Ex. 14 SWINTON'S WORD-BOOK. 51. Pronunciation and Oral Spelling. Words having the sound of o in old, marked 6. Be careful not to shorten this sound into short 6. home smoke most 6'ral gro' cer bone choke loath o val smok er stone broke folks sto ny only whole colt yokes so cial pol ka both clove spokes tro phy o pen 52. Names of Cities. They should always begin with capital letters. New York BaV ti more Lon' don. Cal cut' la Phil a del' phia Cin cin na! ti Par is St.Pe ters burg St. Louis New Or le ans Ber lin Pe kin Chi ca go San Fran cis' co Vienna Yed do Bos' ton Buf 'fa lo Liv' er pool Mel bourne 53. Pronunciation and Oral Spelling. Words having 6 long and other combinations of vowels = 5. Note. — Teachers should train pupils to pronounce these words correctly in concert. loaf coax pork por' ter hoar' y road hoax hoarse por tal whol ly toad cloaks hoard por tion poul try boat coats pour por trait poul tice throat jokes mourn for ger bow sprit 54. An Easy Grammar Lesson. Rule. — The plural number of most nouns is made by adding s or es to the singular number. The plural of the following nouns ending in/ is made by changing/ into v and then adding es. Sing. Plur. Sing. Plur. knife, knives wolf, wolves wife, wives loaf, loaves life, lives thief, thieves half, halves leaf, leaves calf, calves wharf, wharves FIRST YEAR'S WORK. 15 55. Pronunciation and Oral Spelling. Be careful to give ow in the last syllable the sound of loug in old. ar' row mel' low hoi' low wid' ow nar row fel low bor row min now tal low yel low spar row fur row shad ow wil low hal low bur row mead ow pil low sal low sor row 56. Plurals of Common Nouns. Rule. — The plural of nouns ending in y after a consonant is made by changing y into i and adding es. Sing. la' dy, Plur. la' dies Sing. cher'ry, Plur. cher' ries baby, ba bies. fer ry, fer ries dai sy, dai sies sto ry, sto ries dai ry, dai ries par ty, par ties can dy, can dies army, ar mies 57. An Exercise in Grammar. Write the plurals of the following nouns. shy ju' ry jel' ly bran dy pit' y fly cit y pop py shan ty po ny pen ny (lit ty mer cy pas try tro phy wher ry HI y coun ty trea ty hob by na vy i vy row dy belfry bod y 58. Forming Plurals. Rule. — Nouns ending in y after a vowel form their plurals in the common way., by adding s. Sing. Plur. Sing. Plur. val'ley, val'leys tur'key, tur r keys mon ey, mon eys jour ney, jour neys mon key, mon keys pul ley, pul leys chim ney, chim neys sur vey, sur veys jock ey, jock eys don key, don keys 16 SWINTON'S WORD-BOOK. 59. Pronunciation and Oral Spelling. Words having the short sound of o in odd, marked 6. Be careful not to drawl this sound into aw, as sawft for soft. God cost bon' net coffee cof ' fin off lost cob bier os trich nox ious odd moss col lege frol ic knowl edge loss oft cop per prop er block head long soft pol ish J o1 l y knot ty cross frost ob ject col ic office car' pet broom . brush bu reau pail sieve bowl 60. Articles of Furniture. Written Exercise. bar' rel sofa ket tie pok er pi a' no lounge crock' er y re frig er a tor cusJi ion book' case bed stead mir' ror look ing-glass cov er let cur' tains dip per mat tress rock' ing -chair skim mer coun ter pane flat! i ron 61. Hard Little Words. The... not to be spelled thee, when you mean the definite ar- ticle. Thee... not to be spelled the, when you mean the personal pro- noun. There... not to be spelled their, when you mean the adverb of place. Their... not to be spelled there, when you mean the possessive pronoun. Hear... not to be spelled here, when you mean the act of taking in sound. Here... not to be spelled hear, when you mean the adverb of place. FIRST YEAR'S WORK. 17 62. More Hard Little "Words. To... not to be spelled too or two, when you mean the preposi- tion. Too... not to be spelled to or two, when you intend the adverb meaning " also." Two... not to be spelled to or too, when you mean the numeral adjective. Its... never to be written with an apostrophe before the s. Theirs... never to be written with an apostrophe before the s. O'er... is an abbreviation of over, the apostrophe marking the place of the letter v. 63. Quarterly Review for a Spelling Match. schol' ars cor lege pre side' di vorce' a ere know! edge sir' loin os' trich mon key man til' la stir rup poi ka al most o' ver coat squir rel whol ly haugh ty bod' ice shep herd poul tice dai ly sau sage sur geon dai ries gait ers wel fare so cial sto ries au ger squat ter por trait ba bies knuck les sap phire wheel wright fai ries an kles sor rel prayer pyg mies re ceipt' bed stead prai' rie dit ties seiz' ing be lieve' vine yard val leys griev ous re ceive pic nic jock eys chest nut a piece live long don keys an .v. con ceit worn en jour neys rai sins sar' dine guin ea bu reau mar riage ker nel skill ful nox ious car cass butch er ag ile noz zle IS SWINTON'S WORD-BOOK. la' va al so prop er knot ty col ic cof fee ' heif ' ers I' saac Phil ip Eu gene Mat thew Blanche Ma ri' a Is' a bel twi' light bap tize' mas' tiffs wea sels pup pies clothes press cup' board Hor' ace Eeu ben Lew is Har' ri et Car rie Mol lie So phie tor' toise prac tice at tic ab sence rasp' ber ries un' cle scis sors Jno. Wm. Chas. Jos. Thos. Geo. Co. A.M. P.M. No. Cr. M. Hon. Ans. book' case mat tress Ja va bra vo car tridge laun dry chim neys S. W. Ed. P.O. Ex. Jr. Acct. Gov. FOURTH MONTH. 64. Oral Exercise. "Words having the sound of o before r as in order. Be careful not to give the sound of aw for or, asfawm instead of form. storm horse corn icork /, corpse fork lord north sort cord form' al nor mal or der or gan cor ner morn ing bor der hor net mor tal or chard tor' ment tor pid sor did dor mant gor geous 65. A Lesson for Farmer Boys. Farm Products. wheat rye flax har' ley oats po ta! toes pump* kins tur nips cot ton to bac' co Garden Products. eel' er y rad' ish es let' tuce pars' ley to ma' toes as par' a gus can' li flow ers rhw barb cu' cv-m bers pars' nips FIRST YEAR'S WORK. 19 66. Pronunciation and Oral Spelling. Words having the sound of o iu move, marked p. This is the same sound as u in rude. prove grew croup ado' • • los' er • • lose drew wound ca noe' bruis er who crew through un do rou tine' you flew shrewd shoe'ing ac crue two true cru' el rue ful re cruit 67. A Geography Lesson. Written Exercise, Names of States and their Abbreviations. U nit' eel States, U. S. Ken tuck' y, Kg. New York, N. Y. Ten nes see', Tenn. Penn syl va ni a, Tenn. T o wa, la. hi o, 0. Geo/ gi a, Ga. II li nois , III. Midi i gan, Mich. Mas sa chu setts, Mass. Vir gin i a, Va. 68. Pronunciation and Oral Spelling. Words having the sound of o in done, like short u in us. does month cov' et ov' en shov' el doth shove hov er doz en slov en son love com pass noth ing gov ern won wont ton nage wor ry hon ey none dove some thing won der come ly 69. A Natural-History Lesson. Names of Wild Animals. pan' ther leop ard bab oon' rac coon kan ga roo' buf ' fa lo ti' ger hy e' na cou gar ze bra wal rus gi raffe ga zelle rein' deer el' e phant go ril' la mon' key o pos' sum rhi noc' e ros o rang'-ou tang' 20 SWINTON'S WORD-BOOK. 70. Pronunciation and Oral Spelling. Words having the sound of long u in use, marked ft. Teachers must care, fully train their classes in the delicate and difficult sounds in this lesson. mute due mu' sic du'ty pu' trid tube view pu pil* hu man fluid tune lieu tu lip u nit cu bic dupe muse stu pid un ion nui sance hue cube hu mor bu gle flu ent 71. Pronunciation and Oral Spelling. trio' une stat' ue as sume' in duce' vol ume vir tue ob tuse re duce stat ute a gue pro fuse se duce trib ute val ue pur sue a muse cos tume ar gue con fuse ex ude 72. A Lesson in Etymology. Rule. — Regular verbs of one syllable, ending in a single consonant after a single vowel, double the last letter on adding ing and ed. Verbs. Pres. Part. Past Part. Verbs. Pres. Part. Past Part. dot dot' ting dot 7 ted bar bar ring barred blot blot ting blot ted jar jar ring jarred dip dip ping dipped rub rub bing rubbed dig dig ging digged rot rot ting rot' ted chop chop ping chopped slam slam ming slammed pin pin ning pinned slip slip ping slipped swap swap ping swapped clap clap ping clapped stir stir ring stirred step step ping stepped snap snap ping snapped whip whip ping whipped join join mg joined trot trot ting trot' ted fret fret ting fret' ted plan plan ning planned grin grin ning grinned sham sham ming shammed beg beg ging begged fix fix ing fixed FIRST YEAR'S WORK. 21 tip buzz skull muff does 73. Pronunciation and Oral Spelling. Words having the short sound of u in us, marked u. puff gtit' ter glut' ton cup' board chum hull gull doth crup per hub bub ful some putty buck et buggy muz zle puz zle pup pet blub ber gus set gus to Rail' road, page, ques tion, quar' ter, at or to, 74. Common Abbreviations. Written Exercise. R. R. P- qr. a. last month, this month, next month, by the hundred, year of our Lord, ult. inst. prox. per cent, A.J). 75. Pronunciation and Oral Spelling. Words having the sound of u before r in urge, marked ft. Be careful to sound the r. bum pur mur' mur bur' den sur' name hurt blur turn coat fur nish sur face curl bur cur tain tur tie pur chase furl churl gur gle fur ther sur plus curse spur sur feit fur nace sur ges church mosque hov' el cab in jail 76. Kinds of Buildings. Written, Exercise, cot' tage pris on cas tie pal ace shan ty vil' la ho tel' tern pie tav em fac to ry dun geon sta Me ken nel tow er bar rack ed' ifice ca the dral pa vil' ion the a ter ware' house SJ2 SWINTON'S WORD-BOOK. 77. Pronunciation and Oral Spelling. Words having the sound of u after r as in rude, marked vl. This is the same sound as o in prove. The teacher is referred to the dictionary. Many of these words are often mispronounced. rule prude tru' ant fru' gal prove mood tru ly pru dent chool fruit ru ral scru pie brute cruise cru el gru el true rue ru mor bru tal s 78. Names of Great Rivers. Written Exercise. Nile Yu kon Mis sou ri Ar' Jean sas Ni' ger In dus Col urn hi a ri no' co Platte Gan ges Col o ra! do Yang-tse-Ki ang' Rhine A moor' Ri! o Grande Mis sis sip pi hi o St. Law rence La Pla' ta Ni ag a ra 79. Pronunciation and Oral Spelling. "Words having the sound of u in full, marked u. This is the same sound as oo in foot. bull buT let cucF oo buT wark put pul let pul pit full ness push bush el cush ion fully bush butch er bul lion pul ley full pud ding bul lock put ting 80. Kinds of Birds. Written Exercise. vul' lure par' rot wood' cock aV da tross con dor pet rel swal low cor mo rant os trich pea cock hen hawk par o quel e mu pig eon spoon bill jla min go huz zard pheas ant mag pie o' ri ole FIRST YEAR'S WORK. 23 81. Oral Spelling. Words pronounced alike, but differing in spelling and meaning. Let the teacher read the sentence and have the catchwords spelled orally by the pupil. all All the poor shoemaker possessed was an awl and some awl lasts. Ann Ann exchanged with Emma an apple for an egg. an ate They ate twenty -eight of the best pears in our gar- eight den. as sent' Did you give your assent to his proposal of making the as cent' ascent of the hill this morning ? aught If you have aught against me, you ought to state it ought frankly to myself. bass You will find the bass drum lying at the base of the base pillar. bawl These boys should not bawl so loudly, and kick about ball that football in this beautiful ballroom. be Be diligent like the busy bee, and you will become rich bee and respected. bear The bear tore his bare leg in such a manner that I bare could not bear to look at it. bean Look at that beau with a lady on his arm, carrying a bow bow and arrows. conn' cil Members of the town council do not always give nor COnn' sel act upon the wisest counsel. 24 SAINTON'S WORD-BOOK. 82. Written Spelling. Let the teacher dictate the sentences and pay particular attention to the spelling of the catchwords. hare John caught a hare by a net made of horsehair. hair heard I heard that a whole herd of sheep had perished in the herd snow. him I heard him sing a beautiful hymn. hymn need You need not knead the dough till evening. knead ore oar o'er pare pear pair you ewe yew It was curious to see two men carrying a piece of iron ore on the oar of a boat, as they walked o'er the nar- row bridge. You cannot pare the green pear with an old pair of scissors. Did you see our ewe grazing beneath the yew tree ? 83. neigh' bor kin dred fire side shel ter ash es em bers pitch ers era die swad die smol der Common Words of Anglo-Saxon Origin. kitch' en was' sail draw' ers fiddle wel come ear ly er rand gos sip rid die na ked man tie pock et ov en la die thresh old heav en ew er buck et bun die ta per mar row stock ings hun ger an ger won der bit ter bur den wea ry sor row mor row FIRST YEAR'S WORK. 25 gor geous rou tine' ac crue' shoe' ing ca noe' through doz' en com' pass stom' ach nui' sance re duce' a muse' blot' ting grin' ning whipped 84. Monthly- scrubbed swapped muz' zle gus' set hub' bub put' ting neigh' bor swad' die thresh' old smol' der ew'er er' rand bul' lion bul' lock pul' let Oral Review. to bac' co eel' er y to ma' toes pump' kins leop' ard go ril' la man' sion pal' ace mosque school' house the' a ter cot' tage os' trich buz' zard pig' eon par' tridge pars' ley el' e phant cou' gar drom' e da ry pa vil' ion ca the' dral par' o quet Mis sou ri In di an' a Platte Ehine Yu' kon A moor 7 Ni' ger FIFTH MONTH. 85. Oral Spelling. Words having the short sound of ob in foot. Be careful not to give the Ions sound of oo in cool. good wool foot book cook hook brook wood took nook shook stood rook soot could look' out foot man hood wink foot step wood bine cuck' oo good ness fish hook red wood cook y 86. Geographical Spelling. Written Exercise, U nit' eel States, A me/ i cans Eng' land, Ger' ma ny, Ger' mans Rus' sia, Tins' slans It' a ly, I tal' ians Tur' key, Turks France, Chi' na, Hoi' land, Spain, En* glisli French Chi' nese Dutch Span' ish 26 SWINTON'S WORD-BOOK. 87. Pronunciation and Oral Spelling. "Words having the sound of oo in moon, marked oo. Be careful not to shorten the sound. roof loose boo'ty tooth ache bam boo' root poor room y boot black ca boose boot boor noon day los ing co coon soon smooth moon shine whoop ing sa loon hoof wound spoon ful loos en ta boo 88. "Written Abbreviations. At tor' ney, Atty. Moun tains, Mts. Pop u Id tion, Pop. Chap' ter } Chap. Major, Maj. Colo' net. Col, Pres i dent, Pres. Rep re sent' a tive, Rep. Sen' a tor, Sen. Lieu ten ant, Lieut. 89. Derivative Words. Verbs ending in e drop the e when ing or ed is added. Nouns are formed from the verb by adding the suffix er, which means one who, or that which. Define the nouns. Verb. Pres. Part. Past Tense. Noun. hate hat' ing hat' ed hat' er wade wad ing wad ed wad er dodge dodg ing dodged dodg er joke jok ing joked jok er skate skat ing skat' ed skat er mine min ing mined min er dive div ing dived div er gaze gaz ing gazed gaz er love lov ing loved lov er dine din ing dined din er FIRST YEAR'S WORK. 27 90. Derivative "Words. Rule. — "Words of one syllable ending in a single consonant after a single vowel double the last letter when er is added. The suffix er in nouns means one who, or that which ; in adjectives, it means more. tan job rob rub swim drum job' ber rob ber rub ber swim mer drum mer run wrap plod grab tan' ner run ner wrap per plod der grab ber 91. Written Spelling. Write the derivatives of the following words, by adding the suffix er. Write after each word n. for noun ; adj. for adjective. trap ship dip rap snap plan sit win 92. Pronunciation and Oral Spelling. Words having the long sound of y in style, like i in pine, marked y. dig clip hit sup trim bid spin grab trot skin gun shut mad giib grim sad red dim slim thin wet fat big hot fit glad glum rhyme rye ty' rant ty' phoid gey' ser chyme scythe cy press hy phen sky ward thyme gyves hy son hy brid dye ing lye s py ty ro gy rate i dye wood dye try ty phus ly ing 93. Historical Spelling. Written Exercise. Names of Great Men. hy drant New' ton Schil' ler Shakes' peare Mil ton La fa yette Hum boldt Ho mer Han ni bal Bo' na parte Cic e ro Wash' ing ton Confu ci us Co lum bus Frank' lin Jul' ius C(£ sar 28 SWINTON'S WORD-BOOK. 94. Pronunciation and Oral Spelling. Words having the short sound of y in nymph, marked y. l^nch ljr' ic crys' tal symp r torn lynx cyn ic sys tern strych nine myth syr inge syl van cym bal sylph sym bol gyp s y ca lyx hymn syn tax gym nast idyl 95. Common Abbreviations. Written Exercise* Cash on Delivery, C. 0. D. Doctor of Divinity, D. D. Doctor of Medicine, M. D. Doctor of Laws, LL. D. Member of Congress, M. C. In the year of our Lord, A. D, Before Christ, B. C. 96. Pronunciation and Oral Spelling. Words ha iving the sound of ou in out. This has the same i 3ound as ow m ounce drought lounge spouse hour pound slough frown drowse pow' er howl bow gouge flour ground bough prow gown bow' er crowned now found' ling gout sour flounce 97. Oral Spelling. In the words in the first three columns, ou has the short sound of ou in tough, like short u in but ; in the fourth column, it has the sound of oo in root. rough cou' pie tough' en route touch dou ble south era tour tough trou ble jeal ous wound young cous in zeal ous rou tine' e nough' coun try nerv ous sou chon^ . FIRST YEAE'S WORK. 98. Pronunciation and Oral Spelling. Words having oi as in oil, and oy as in boy. 29 oil joint toi' let oys' ter an noy* boil quoit loi ter loy al de stroy spoil noise clois ter roy al a hoy joist roil poi son boy hood em ploy coin toil coin age joy ous en joy 99. Abbreviations. Written Exercise, be' di ent, Obt. Oc ta vo, Svo, Dep' u ty, Dep. Du o dec i mo, l%mo. Mem o ran' dum, Mem. And otli ers, Et al. Man u script, MS. Sit per in tend' ent, Supt. Take no' tice, N. B, Vol' ume, Vol. 100. About Verbs. Rule. — Verbs ending in y after a consonant form the 3d person, singular number, in the present tense, by changing y into i and adding es. They form all the persons in both numbers, in the past tense, by changing y into i, and adding ed. lor you he or she we, you, or they 7 or you he or she toe, you, or the i try tries tried cop' y cop' ies cop' ied cry cries cried hur rv hur ries hur ried dry dries dried wor ry wor ries wor ried s py spies spied glory glo ries glo ried pit'y pit' ies pit' ied stud y stud ies stud ied fry fries fried emp ty emp ties emp tied fan' cv fan' cies fan' cied def/ de fies' de tied' bully bul lies bul lied de ny de nies de nied mar ry mar ries mar ried com ply com plies com plied car ry car ries car ried reply re plies re plied tar ry tar ries tar ried rely re lies re lied ral ly ral lies ral lied ally al lies al tied 30 SWINTON'S WORD-BOOK. 101. Pronunciation and Oral Spelling. Words in which various combinations of vowels have the sound of long u in use. dew mew ew' er ar' gues sub due' ewe pew pew ter res cue re new hew deuce gew gaw . sin ew re view view news stew ard val ue en sue due few beau ty Tues day be dew 102. Pronunciation and Oral Spelling. Words in which various vowels have the sound of long 6 in old. boat court oak road pour tice coat mourn loath most poul try coarse coach source toast hoar y hoarse pour snow bowl bow sprit hoax foam goal soul coul ter 103. Words relating to Heat and Cold. frost' i ness frig' id i ci ness arc tic ice' berg freez ing hail stone chil ly i' ci cle ice bound fire sul' try tep' id blaze glow ing fer vent warmth scald ing blaz ing fe' ver broil ing red-hot hec tic fi'er y ig' ne ous 104. Written Exercise. Words relating to cleanness, and the reverse. cleanse wipe dirt dregs slime soiled scrub sponge filth dross slush un clean 1 brush swab slops scum offal dirt! y sweep lave soot lees sew' er filth's scour bathe smoke grounds ditch slov' en ly FIRST YEAR'S WORK. 31 105. Monthly Oral Review. ojs' ter scythe pit' ied I tal' ians hood' wink rhyme mar' ried Jap an ese' fish' hook ty' pirns ral' lied Span' ish tooth' ache crys' tal stud' ied Brit' ain room' ful syn' tax frig' id Cic' e ro whoop' ing cym' bal froz' en Schil' ler bam boo' butch' er i' ci cle Hum' boldt ta boo' lynch red-hot Shakes' peare co coon' sylph scald' ing Cse' sar joked drowse ca' lyx C. 0. D. dodged tough' en Tues' day N. B. swim' mer sou chong' beau' ty 8vo. SIXTH MONTH. 106. Oral Spelling. Ly was originally like, and means in a manner ; ness means state of being. Ly added to an adjective forms an adverb ; ness added to an adjective forms a noun, and means state of being. Adj. Adv. Noun. Adj. Adv. calm calm'ly calm' ness large large' ly coarse coarse ly coarse ness mean mean ly fine fine ly fine ness near near ly fair fair ly fair ness neat neat ly Noun. large' ness mean ness near ness neat ness grim grim ly grim ness shrewd shrewd ly shrewd ness Ly or y added to forms another noun Noun. god ghost beast world home Adj. god' ly ghost ly beast ly world ly home ly 107. Lesson in Etymology. a noun makes an adjective ; ness added to the adjective ; y is changed to i. Define these words orally. Noun. Adj. Noun. life live' ly live' li ness flesh flesh y flesh i ness juice jui cy jui ci ness might might y might i ness fuss fuss y fuss i ness Noun. god' li ness ghost li ness beast li ness world li ness home li ness 32 SWINTON'S WORD-BOOK. 108. Pronunciation and Oral Spelling. Words in which a in unaccented syllables has the obscure sound of a in palm, or u in urge. In some words a has nearly the sound of short ti. in nut. com' ma so' da men' tal in' stant tur' ban chi na so fa den tal at las cap stan e ra pol ka dis tance cut lass ten ant ex tra vil la pit tance tres pass sub stance stan za Cu ba bai ance ras cal va grant cot' tage ton nage mes sage im age cli mate 109. Oral Spelling. Words in which unaccented a has an obscure sound. pref ' ace ag' ate sol ace sau sage ter race bag gage pal ate cour age pi rate pack age Adj. clum' sy era zy dain ty Aim sy gaudy giddy happy lazy dirt y pret ty diz zy bus y haugh ty greed y 110. Etymology and Defining. Define the adverbs and nouns orally. Adv. clum' si ly era zi ly Noun. clum' si ness dain ti ly Aim si ly gaud i ly gid di ly hap pi ly la zi ly dirt i ly pret ti ly diz zi ly bus i ly haugh ti ly greed i ly era zi ness dain ti ness Aim si ness gaud i ness gid di ness hap pi ness la zi ness dirt i ness pret ti ness diz zi ness bus i ness haugh ti ness greed i ness rum mage till age vin tage u sage or ange Er = more. clum' si er era zi er dain ti er Aim si er gaud i er gid dier hap pi er la zi er dirt i er pret ti er diz zi er bus i er haugh ti er greed i er FIRST YEAR'S WORK. 33 111. Pronunciation and Oral Spelling. Words in which unaccented a before r has the sound of e in her. on' ward gram' mar mus' tard sea' ward in ward pil lar or chard wind ward stew ard dol lar wiz ard north ward up ward slug gard cow ard stal wart lag gard haz ard schol ar po lar 112. Oral Spelling. Sound of e in her. The following words are frequently spelled in two ways. The spelling given in the first column is generally called Websterian, from being used in Webster's Dictionary. cen' ter, or cen' tre mi' ter, or mi' tre fi ber, or fi bre me ter, or me tre lus ter, or lus tre o cher, or o chre mea ger, or mea gre som ber, or som bre seep ter, or seep tre the' a ter, or the' a tre 113. Names of Cities. Written Exercise. Buffa lo, N. Y. De troit', Mick. Rick'mond, Va. New' ark, N. J. Mil wan hee, Wis. New Ha' ven, Conn. Lou is ville, Ky. Prov' i dence, R. I. Charles' ton, S. C. Cleve land, 0. Rock' es ter, N. Y. Syr' a cuse, N. Y. Pitts' burg, Pa. Al' le ghe ny, Pa. Worces' ter, Mass. 114. Names of Persons. Men. Women. Fer' di nand Sam u el A me' lia Ma' del Fred' er ick Ste'pken E' ditk Ma til' da Ja cob Syl ves' ter E W za No' ra Nick' o las The' o dore Fran ces liv' za Ru 'Jus Tim o thy Han' nak Rose 34 SWINTON'S WORD-BOOK. 115. Derivative Words. Written Spelling. The suffix en means to make. Added to an adjective, a verb is formed. The suffix er added to an adjective means more. The final e is dropped when en and er are added. Define the derivatives orally, after they are written. Adj. Adj. Verb. Adj. Adj. Verb. flat, flat' ter, flat' ten wide, wid' er, wid' en glad, glad der, glad den short, short er, short en loose, loos er, loos en white, whit er, whit en ripe, rip er, rip en sweet, sweet er, sweet en mad, mad der, mad den rough, rough er, rough en 116. Lesson in Word-Forming. Form derivatives from the following primitives by adding en and er t and define the words that you form. fat bright black tight deaf hard weak tough quick cheap soft sharp dead fresh sad stiff fast damp thick sick dark deep chaste less light 117. Oral Spelling. Words in which before r in the final syllable, not accented, sounds like e in her. ac' tor hor' ror mir' ror ed' i tor ar bor la bor col or spec ta' tor clam or may or ter ror ere a tor er ror mi nor hon or mon' i tor fla vor tu tor sail or or a tor 118. Abbreviations. Bit to (the same), Bo. Bal' ance, Bal. Lat' i tude, Lai. Broth' ers, Bros. Longitude, Lon. Cur' retit (this month), Cur. Psalm, Ps. Hun dred Weight, Cwt. Ar' ti cle, Art. Last month, Ult. FIRST YEAR'S WORK. 35 119. Oral Spelling. Words in which the unaccented syllable has the sound of short ii in up. at'om cit' ron bru' tal ten' ant fel on com mon med al pen nant gal Ion de mon met ai in stant tal on bios som pet al dis tant wag on mel on pen ance pit tance 120. Articles of Commerce • Written Spelling. cot' ton di' a monds. ma hog' a ny coch' i neal co coa eh' o ny plat 1 i num mo las' ses cop per in di go qui' nine gui 'f ta-per' cha cam phor i vo ry ba na nas ru f dies pot ash nut! megs cin na mon ma chin er y 121. Hard Pronunciation. The suffix ure after d, I, and s has the sound of your a little shortened. Verdure is pronounced verd' your. verdure fix' ture sei'zure ven' ture crea ture fn ture pic ture rap ture fail ure ges ture scrip ture mois ture cul ture lee ture struc ture na ture fig ure mix ture lei sure fis sure 122. Hard to pronounce correctly. In the following words, u has the sound of you, or that sound a little shortened ; thus, value is pronounced val' you. vol' ume vir' tue sched' ule ed u ca' tion del uge trib une is sue ref u ta tion for tune trib ute nod ule in' sti tute ref uge ref use ar gue ri die' u lous stat ute val ue stat ue trib' u ta ry 36 SWINTON'S WORD-BOOK. 123. Quarterly Review for a Spelling Match. coarse' ness mel' on se duce' cab' bag es ghost' li ness gal' Ion pro fuse' as par' a gus jui' ci ness fel' on ty' phoid dun' geon rum' mage scuf fle W' gy al' ba tross pack' age twin' kle gus' to colo' nel car' riage sulk' y scru' pie lieu ten' ant flip' pant bee' tie bul' let at tor' ney tres' pass tad' pole spoon' ful med' i cine pit' tance wee' vil tru'ly man' u script la' zi ness lei' sure jok' ing fuss' i ness pret' ti ly sei' zure dye' ing suT tri ness diz' zi ness sher' iff gym' nast ma hog' a ny Aim' si er ras' cal gyp' sum ba na' nas mea' ger slaugh' ter rough' en di' a monds seep' ter nor' mal loi' ter gut' ta-per' cha loos' en bruis' er joy' ous coch' i neal mad' den ton' nage toi' let qui' nine chas' ten bab oon' hur' ried cin' na mon rid' dance rac coon' arc' tic ma chin' er y bios' som rein' deer ice' bound mo las' ses rue ful pur' chase strych' nine flat' ten crew' el swal' low symp' torn bal' ance un' ion missed oys' ter ed' i tor glu' ey gos' sip blaz' ing ere a' tor rag ged tip' pet clum' si ness or' a tor blub' ber hy' men gram' mar hand' some fur' nace sky' ward sweet' en streaked Vir gin' ia La Pla' ta viz. E«. E. Ten nes see' Ni ag' a ra ult. Pres. Col or a' do Mil wau' kee prox. M. D. Mis sis sip' pi Al' le ghe ny do. LL. D. Hi' o Grande Worces' ter A. D. D. D. FIRST YEAR'S WORK. 37 SEVENTH MONTH. 124. Oral Spelling. Words in which a in unaccented syllables is sounded nearly like short fl. in but, an' nals na' sal so' cial mad' am brid al ri val bal ance or gan dis mal scan dal dis tant hus band le gal ver nal in stant pet al med al ther mal con stant met al 125. Oral Spelling. Words in which e in unaccented syllables has the short sound in met. chan' nel mod' el chil' dren learn' ed flan nel rev cl snd den na ked ker nel satch el dog ged rug ged la bel trav el dot ted ha tred nov el ves sel hun dred par eel Pres. do, eat, go, ride, am, get, choose, drink, hear, sleep, swim, swear, tear, Past. did, ate, went, rode, was, got, chose, drank, heard, slept, swam, swore, tore, 126. A Grammar Lesson. Written Exercise. Principal parts of irregular verbs. Per. Part. done eaten gone ridden been gotten chosen drunk heard slept swum sworn torn Pres. say, lie, lay, bite, burst, buy, catch, strike, fight, bring, spit, teach, think, Past. said, lay, laid, bit, burst, bought, caught, struck, fought, brought, spit, taught, thought, Per. Part. said lain laid bitten burst bought caught struck fought brought spit taught thought 38 SWINTON'S WORD-BOOK. 127. Another Grammar Lesson. In the ancient or solemn style, the second person singular of verbs ends with the suffix est, and the third person with eth. The second person singular of regular verbs in the past tense ends with edst, and the other persons end in ed as a separate syllable. This form of the verb is used principally in the Bible and in prayer. Pres. tense, 2d pers. thou pray' est thou lov est thou hat est thou reign est thou rul est thou mourn est thou liv est thou burn est thou bless est thou fear est Pres. tense, 3d pers. he pray' eth he lov eth he hat eth he reign eth he rul eth he mourn eth he liv eth he burn eth he bless eth he fear eth Past tense, 2d pers. thou pray' edst thou lov edst thou hat edst thou reign edst thou rul edst thou mourn edst thou liv edst thou burn edst thou bless edst thou fear edst 128. Lesson in Derivation. How verbs are formed out of nouns. Nouns. Verbs. Nouns. Verbs. Nouns. Verbs. gold gild shelf shelve ac' cent ac cent' blood bleed cloth clothe con' flict con flict' food feed bath bathe con' trast con trast' half halve grass graze im' port im port' band bind glass glaze sub' ject sub ject' 129. Colloquial "Words. chores fid' get chit' ' chat both' er scrimp fuss y tat tie home sick splurge t coax ing gam mon hub bub hoax tip top teas ing puck er nudge tus sle hus i sv pes ter FIRST YEAR'S WORK. 3U 130. Oral Spelling. Words in 1 which a in the first syllable unaccented has the sound of a in grass. a bet' a glow 7 a way 7 ca noe' a thwart' a bove a las a sleep ca reer a skew a bout a like a dopt ga zette a bound a bode a maze a cute ma chine a dieu a breast a muse a byss pa rade a new a dorn a mid a mend ra vine a round a dult a mong ca det ca reen a skance a drift a part ca nal sa lute a foot a far a right ca ress a back a fresh a float a rise ca tarrh a baft a head a gree a vow ca jole a rouse a light a bed a wake ca nard a slant a live 131. Relating to Dimension. size big stout im mense' bulk great plump e nor' mous mass large port' ly co los sal vol' ume huge boun cing gi gan tic large ness am' pie chub by stu pen dous vast ness mas sive stal wart un bound ed 132. Relating to Littleness. Written Exercise. small mite ace mote gran' ule lit' tie at' om iot bit glob nle ti ny speck whit gnat mol' e cule pet ty in sect drop seed drib' let pu ny min now tit' tie grain mon ad mea ger pygmy i o' ta scrap min im 40 SWINTON'S WORD-BOOK. 133. Oral Spelling. In the unaccented prefix con and its modifications, has the sound as in not. Avoid the short sound of u. col lect' com mand paid sigh, sighed 168. Oral Exercise. "Words in which g before i and e has the hard sound as in give. get gid' dy giv' en girl' ish girl' hood gift gib bous gear ing gir die head gear gig ging ham get ting giv ing gird er gilt gim let gew gaw gey ser girt line gills giz zard geld ing au ger gig gling 169. Articles in a Store. Written Exercise* coffee ci gars' cod' fish ben zine nee dies all' spice whip stocks can dy wal nuts rai sins broad' cloth al' co hoi choc o late cal i co crock er y sal e ra' Ins in' di go co' coa scythe stones salt pe' ter 52 SWINTON'S WORD-BOOK. 170. Written Exercise in the Past Tense. The suffix ed means did. When it is added to some regular verbs, the e is silent and the d is sounded like t. Arch-ed is pronounced arckt. Spell, pro- nounce, and define the past tense of the following verbs. Model : " asked, did ask." ask dip nip pack switch thrash balk dress ditch preach snatch vex blush dock help place sketch walk blink fetch hack pass slake waltz brush flap hatch parse screech wince bleach fleece joke patch shriek wreak black froth knock piece squeak wreck bluff flinch kick quake sneak whisk cross glance laugh rock search wax cuff grace lick rush thatch whip cough grease plash race tuck yoke cease gape mix reap tax wish creak guess mass match bounce yelp h silent. hour' ly ghost' ly hon est shep herd hon or rhu barb heir ess ca tarrh' rhymes ex hort 171. Oral Spelling. Silent h, and ch. hard and soft. ch like k. chord cha' os chasm chem ist school Chris tian cho' rus ech o cho ral mon arch ch like sh (Fr.). cham pagne' che nille cha rade cha grin cha teau answer, arithmetic, assistant, adverb, adjective, 172. Abbreviations. Written Exercise, ans. catholic, arith. conjunction, asst. definition, adv. deputy, adj. defendant, cath. conj. def dep. deft. FIRST YEAR'S WORK. 53 A 173. Oral Spelling. 9 — Sh. 8 = Z. tt = sk. tt = sk. st = sk. sug'ar vi' sion ac' tion men' tion man' sion sure ly pleas ure fric tion mar tiai pas sion sur er meas ure auc tion pa tient ses sion as sure' lei sure can tion quo tient ver sion in sure o sier frac tion ra tion mis sion Sing. bath Sing. Plur. mouth mouths 174. Oral Spelling. Nouns which have th soft in the singular and hard in the plural. Plur. baths lath laths wreath wreaths path paths sheath sheaths cloth cloths oath oaths moth moths truth truths broad' cloths dish cloths foot paths foot baths neck cloths 175. Common Errors, In many parts of the United States. drown' ded for drowned en' gine for en' gine at tack' ted t( at tacked jan ders ec jaun dice deef . Define as you spell. li'ar watch' man Chris 7 tian ed' i tor i dler plough man chief tain re port' er ac tor work man lead er trav' el er beg gar trades man tat tier mur' der er serv ant sales man toil er gen' tie man claim ant milk man squat ter lum' ber man brag gart sea man med dler boat' man lag gard sail or ped dler wheel' wright slug gard team ster build er ship' wright dul lard trick ster drug gist en grav' er loaf er whip ster art ist ma chin' ist smok er young ster flo rist mu si' cian swin dler game ster pi a' nist A mer' i can for ger song ster bot'a nist Span' iard gam bier wliis tier of fi cer Bus' sian swear er wres tier voy a ger I tal' ian 4. A Prefix Lesson. Oral. The English prefix a means on or in. When not accented, it has the sound of a in grass. a back' a sleep' a stern' a loft' a board a top a drift a down a side a foot a float a stir a fire a head a thirst ajar a field a ground a midst a light 5. A Suffix Lesson. Oral. Less = without : ful = full. art' less art' ful care' less joy less joy ful need less law less law ful shame less harm less harm fu] thought less pit'i less pit'i ful hope less care' ful need ful shame ful thought ful hope ful SECOND YEAR'S WORK. 67 6. Definitions of Time "Words. tern' po ra ry pri or' i ty con tern 7 po ra ry fu tur' i ty prim 7 i tive an tiq' ui ty e ter' ni ty chro nom' e ter in' ter im chro noF o gy .is. sue cess lve e'ra Lasting for a limited time only. The state of being first in time. One who lives at the same time. Time to come. Belonging to the earliest times. Ancient times. Duration without beginning or end. An instrument for measuring time. In the mean time. The science of computing periods of time ac- cording to their dates. One after another in the order of time. A period of time. 7. Doubling the Last Letter. Rule. — Words of more than one syllable, having the accent on the last, on taking a sums, double the last consonant when it follows a single vowel. Words accented on other syllables do not double the final consonant. re mit' com mit ad mit ac quit per mit com pel re pel ex pel oc cur con cur re fer a bet re mit' tance com mit tal ad mit tance ac quit tal per mit test com pel leth re pel leth ex pel leth oc cur rence con cur rence re fer rer a bet tor re mit' ting com mit ting ad mit ting ac quit ting per mit ting com pel ling re pel ling ex pel ling oc cur ring con cur ring re fer ring a bet ting re mit 7 ted com mit ted ad mit ted ac quit ted per mit ted com pelled re pelled ex pelled oc curred con curred re ferred a bet ted 68 SWINTON'S WORD-BOOK. 8. Two Ways of Spelling. The derivatives of the following words accented on the first syllable are spelled in two ways. Webster's Dictionary gives the preference to one I ; but in England the final / is doubled. Double / is less used in this country. trav' el trav' el er trav' el ing trav' eled rev el rev el er rev el ing rev eled dn el du el ist du el ing du el' lo libel li bel er li bel ing li' beled lev el lev el er lev el ing lev eled jew el jew el er jew el ry jew eled mod el mod el er mod el ing mod eled mar vel mar vel er mar vel ing mar veled e qual e qual ly e qual ing e qualed vict ual vict ual er vict ual ing vict ualed mar shal mar shal er mar shal ing mar shaled quar rel quar rel eth. quar rel ing quar reled 9. One 1 or two. tram' mel em pan' el en am el dis hev el can' eel un ken' nel im per il un rav el ri' val shov el shriv el la bel pen cil per il tun nel -ed or -ed or -ed or -ed or -ed or -ed or -ed or -ed or -ing or -ing or -ing or -ing or -ing or -ing or -ing or -led. -led. -led. -led. -led. -led. -led. -led. -ling, -ling, -ling, -ling, -ling, -ling, -ling. tin' sel -ed or -led. pis tol -ed or -led. par eel -ed or -led. lau rel -ed or -led. bar rel -ed or -led. car ol -ing or -ling. cav il -ing or -ling. chis el -ing or -ling. coun sel -or or -lor. cudg el -ing or -ling. driv el -ing or -ling. grov el -ing or -ling. grav el -ed or -led. gam bol -ed or -led. tas sel -ed or -led. SECOND YEAR'S WORK. 69 10. Oral Spelling. Things which bind or connect. thread thong cord 7 age las 7 so fil a ment twine screw haws er latch et lig a ment strings hinge tac kle shac kle lig a ture twist glue tra ces mor tar sur cin gle noose paste gird er stuc CO fast en ing braid iron hal ter cem ent pack thread 11. Latin Words in Common Use. sta 7 tus = standing. max 7 i mum = greatest. stra 7 ta = layers. min 7 i mum = smallest. da 7 ta = facts. ad den'dum = something added. quo 7 ta = share. in stan 7 ter = instantly. die' turn = assertion. An ' gli ce = in English. gra 7 tis = free. vei ba 7 tim = word for word. er ra 7 ta = errors. lit er a 7 tim = letter for letter. a' li as = otherwise. se ri a 7 tim = in regular order. 12. How Verbs are formed. The English prefix en means to make, or to put in. It also means in o> info, and the Latin prefix in or im means the same. en camp' en dear en a' ble en fee ble en no ble en rich' en slave en large en act en rage en dan 7 ger em pow er em bod y em bold en en joy' en cour 7 age en rap ture en ti tie en ven om im bit ter em bit ter im per il im pan el em bat tie em bo som en cir cle en kin die en fran chise en trap 7 en twine en fold en force en chain en close in close en graft in graft in wrought in' born in crust 7 in trust en trust in snare 7 em balm en join en liv 7 en en list 7 en tan 7 gle en roll 7 en shrine en tomb en wrap im plant im part im press im pris 7 on 70 SWINTON'S WORD-BOOK. fig' ure ci pher sym bol dig it prod uct fac tor eclat depot bouquet entrepot sobriquet expose elite personnel 13. "Words relating to Abstract Number. nu' mer al mul ti pie div i dend dec i mal frac tion al in te gral ad di' tion sub trac tion di vi' sion re due tion no ta tion nu mer a' tion al' ge bra reck on ing a rith' me tic cal cu la' tion com pu ta tion mul ti pli ca' tion 14. French "Words in Common Use. (a cla'), (de' po), (boo ka'), (aN tre po'), (so bre ka'), (ex po za'), (a leet'), (per son nel'), 15. brilliance, a station, bunch of flowers, place for storing goods, nickname. exposure, exposition, the flower, the chosen, personal characteristics. Reversion. Negation. The negative prefix dis, joined to verbs, means off, or to deprive of, or id reverse the action of the verb ; joined to adjectives, it means not. Verbs. Adjectives, dis sev' er dis used' dis trust' ed Verbs. dis lodsre' dis mount dis place dis own dis band dis arm dis please dis like dis grace dis a gree' dis in ter dis in feet dis o bey dis u nite ' dis pir it dis cour age dis mem ber dis fig ure dis quiet dis hon or dis heart en dis a vow' dis af feet dis cred' it dis trust' dis con tin' ue dis an nul' dis joined' dis col' ored dis sat' is fled dis in clined' dis en chant' ed dis hon' est dis u nit' ed dis a' bled dis closed' dis mount' ed dis sim' i lar dis loy' al SECOND YEAR'S WORK. 71 ter res' tri al ge og' ra phy sub ter ra' ne an earth' quake pla teau' ter' race lat' i tude ge or o gy ter ra' que ous 16. Relating to the Earth. Oral Exercise. Belonging to the earth. A description of the earth. Lying under the earth. A convulsion of the earth. An elevated plain. A raised bank of earth. Distance on the earth from the equator to the North or South pole. The science which treats of the structure of the earth. Composed of land and water. 17. Negative Prefixes. Joined to verbs, and forming oth er verbs, they mean off, or to deprive oj or they reverse the action ; joined to adjectives, they mean not. un wind' for bear' in ac' tive in di rect' un bind for bid in con stant in com plete un fold fore go in form al in dis creet un furl fore fend in de cent in dis tinct un hinge for swear im prop er in sin cere un twine for give im pru dent un de served un seat for get im per feet un de fined un nerve for sake im pa tient un hon' ored un veil un coil in hu man un tu tored un say un bar un a ble un aid ed an lock un hue' kle un sta ble un bought' un make un bur den un civ il un stead' y with stand un chain' un luck y un done' with draw un clasp nei' ther un read with hold un do nev er un versed gain say un dress none un kempt n SWINTON'S WORD-BOOK. 18. Compound Words. Written without a hyphen. back' bite brow beat way lay fulfill' white 7 wash home spun fore tell' side' ways side wise length ways length wise god send god like god head down' right up right fort night boat man Christ mas earth quake some times al ways now a days oth er wise break fast a' ny how a'ny where a' ny bod y no' where yes ter day o ver done un der done pick pock et peace mak er tale bear er ship build er black smith wheel wright there a bout more o' ver here af ter hence for ward thence' forth hence forth thence for'ward hith'er ward thith er ward nev er the less' not with stand' irg aft/er wards aft er clap aft er thought a fore' said al to geth' er al though' back slide 19. Oral Spelling. lob' ster god' fa ther warmth fleece is land step moth er sleet wain light ning fa ther-in-law loam hose thun der son-in-law heath helm ad der daugh ter-in-law yew shire hor net step-fa ther elm folks bee tie grooms' man i'vy wren bus tie bride groom stock moth sad die weath er wart wasp bri die sic' kle roe sprout stir rup knight stork flail hal ter weap' on snipe yoke fod der wel kin eel sleeve hon ey bram ble flea spear tal low bios som beak queen SECOND YEAR'S WOltK. 73 20. Compound Words. (With a hyphen.) (Without.) cat'-tail spir' it-stir ring back slide' truth-tell er li on-heart ed bare' faced all-see' ing high-wrought bare' head ed moth'-eat en a ble-bod ied black' leg woe-be gone so ber-mind ed black guard well-bred o ver-charged blame' wor thy ox-eyed blunt-wit ted blun der buss but ter-scotch half-wit ted grey' hound long-head ed swal low-tail bread stuffs four-sid ed air-tight hard ware self- con trol text-book bride groom well-meant heav en-born SECOND MONTH. breast plate 21. The English Prefix be. The prefix be means to make. It is called intensive because it makes stronger the meaning of the word to which it is joined. It makes transitive verbs out of intransitive verbs. be calm ; be friend' be stir' be wail' be cloud be grudge be take be speak be moan be witch be lie be fool be dim be seem be numb be daub befit be think be grime be rate be fall be ware be stow be smear 22. The English Prefixes fore and mis. Fore = beforehand or before ; mis = wrong or wrongly. fore see' fore' sail mis call' mis lay' fore tell fore deck mis date mis lead fore warn fore lock mis chance mis take fore show fore man mis deal mis print fore stall fore thought mis spend mis step fore close fore head mis quote mis deal n SWINTON'S WORD-BOOK. 23. Nouns meaning state of being. The English suffixes th, hood, dom, ship, ery, and ness mean state of being. With the suffix ness, about thirteen hundred derivatives are formed. truth man' hood false' hood white' ness strength worn an hood live li hood deaf ness length child hood like li hood bus i ness breadth ba by hood har di hood heav i ness width boy hood friend ship weight i ness health girl hood heir ship clean li ness youth wife hood re la' tion ship sau ci ness warmth moth er hood ap pren tice ship la zi ness depth fa ther hood thrall dom kind ness height broth er hood serf dom knight hood wealth sis ter hood free dom pro fess' or ship sloth maid en hood wis dom slavery stealth wid ow hood mar tyr dom tough ness dearth bach e lor hood Chris ten dom fierce ness 24. Adjectives meaning having the quality of. The English suffixes ish, ed, some, like, en, ly, and y, mean like, or having the quality of. slav' ish wea'ri some fiend' like love' ly clown ish wor ri some la dy like wa ter y brack ish met tie some life like live ly fool ish ven ture some child like sug ar y girl ish , trou ble some death like death ly child ish med die some ghost like ghost ly fiend ish whole some god like godly wretch ed lone some man like man ly dog ged loath some war like sil ver y rag ged toil some ash en clay ey crook ed tire some flax en silky learn ed glad some gold en airy ug li est hand some drunk en moss y might i est win some silk en jui cy SECOND YEAR'S WORK. 75 En beech' en birch en oak en wood en wool en lead en hemp en wax en earth en oat en wheat en bra zen brass y inky 25. How Adjectives are formed. is often used in contemptuous epithets. made of: ish knave swine hog fool fiend thief shrew blithe hand tooth fore hind up' per top knav' ish swin ish hog gish fool ish fiend ish thiev ish shrew ish blithe some hand some tooth some fore most hind most up per most top most four fourth five fifth twelve twelfth fifteen fifteenth two twen ty south south ern north north ward west west ward east east er lv stub stub born ten ten fold hate hate ful home home ward home home sick 26. How Adverbs are formed. Rule. — Most adverbs ings of adverbs are ways, no' ble no' bly a ble a bly four fourth ly five fifth ly fee ble fee bly peace peace a bly scarce scarce ly eas y eas i ly sin gle sin gly dou ble dou bly loose loose ly back back wards fore for wards sea sea ward are formed by adding ly to adjectives. Other end- wise, wards, and ward. end end' ways foul' ly end end wise gloom i ly cross cross ways nois i ly cross cross wise sleep i ly length length ways bus i ly length length wise right ly side ways blithe ly side wise might i lv edge ways strange ly edge wise harsh ly like wise hum bly some what plain ly aft' er wards friend ly down ward heav i ly 1 o l side side edge edge like some aft' er down 76 SWINTON'S WORD-BOOK. 27. A Lesson in Derivation. Nouns and verbs formed by suffixes and changes in laugh slay spin thumb shoot wind shade shove hire steal dry dear weal laugh' ter slaugh ter spin die thim ble shut tie win dow shad ow shov el hire ling stealth drought dearth wealth found 7 ry smith y nurs er y rook er y writ ing draw ing cleans ing wed ding paint ing din ner sup per build ing break er anges in spelling. crumb crum' ble wry wrig gle weak weak en wade wad die whim whim per wave wa ver soil sul ly sway swag ger spit sput ter beat bat ter heave heav en burn bur nish flow er flour ish 28. Diminutives. The suffixes ling, ie, y, kin, le, let, et, and ow, mean little. man man' i kin close clos' et lamb' kin goose gos ling shade shad ow lord ling dear dar ling mead mead ow strip ling pipe pip kin pile pil low year ling hill hil lock shoal shal low duck ling bull bul lock hole hoi low fledge ling sack satch el hack hatch et found ling nose noz zle dame dam sel first ling seed seed ling cat kit ten suck ling latch latch et babe ba by eye let flow er flow er et lass las sie ring let cask cas ket lad lad die stream let creep crip pie ball bul let is let cramp crum pie riv' er riv u let crotch et home ham let mall mal let king ling SECOND YEAH'S WORK. 77 29. A Lesson in distinguishing "Words. Fault in his conduct. De feet' in his education. Glo' ry to the Divine Being. Hon' or to great and good men. Mux 7 der is applied to men. Slaugh 7 ter is applied to brutes and men in large numbers. Pros per 7 i ty results from good management. Good for 7 tune arises from chance. Vo ca' tion. Regular business. Av' o ca tion. Something that calls one away from business. Great man. Large field. II leg' i ble because indistinct, — as writing. Un read 7 a ble because bad or worthless, — as a book. Par 7 tial to a friend. De vot 7 ed to a cause. 30. French "Words in Common Use. The French nasal sound of n is denoted by the letter in a larger type. This sound must be taught by the teacher ; it cannot be represented by letters. resume protege* canaille connoisseur cuisine trousseau soiree crochet employe contretemps coterie abandon nonchalance rendezvous (ra zu ma'), (pro ta zha'), (ca nal 7 ), (con nis sur 7 ), (kwe zeen'), (troo so'), (swa ra'), (cro sha.'), (em ploi a,'), (con tre ta?/), (co te ree'), (a baN doN'), (n6N sha laNs'), (ren' de voo), summing up. one protected, the rabble. a critic in art. a kitchen, wedding outfit, evening party. to knit with a hook, one employed. a ludicrous mishap, private circle, freedom, negligence, carelessness. place of meeting. 78 SWINTON'S WORD-BOOK. 31. Words relating to Mountains and Rivers. moun' tain ous moun tain eer' vol ca' no al' pine riv' n let chan' nel con' flu ence ba' sin wa' ter shed hip po pot' a mus Full of mountains. An inhabitant of a mountain country. A mountain sometimes emitting lava. Mountainous, like the Alps. A small river. The bed of a river. The junction of two or more rivers. The entire tract of country watered by a river. A range of high land from which rivers flow in different directions. The river horse. 32. How Words are formed. The meaning of some words is changed by a change of accent, or by a slight variation in spelling. di 7 vers di verse 7 bal 7 sam balm con jure con jure nigh est next an tic hu man an tique hu mane po 7 e sy et' i quette po 7 sy tick/ et ur ban ur bane cro 7 ny crone gen tie cus torn gen teel cos' tume corpse ghost 7 ly corps ghast 7 ] 33. Another Lesson in Word Formation. es' say as say' nour ish nurse bios som bloom tri umph trump hap pi ly hap 7 ly shal lop sloop sir' up shrub per 7 son par 7 son can cer can ker zeal ous jeal ous con sort con cere shat ter scat ter chat tel cat tie poth er both er SECOND YEAR'S WORK. 79 34. Latin "Words and Phrases. per df em = by the day. per an' num = by the year. per se' = by itself. per cen' turn = by the hundred. per cap 1 i ta = by the head. pro ra! ta = in proportion. pro et con. pro for' ma pro tern' po re post mo/ tern post scrip' turn prfmafd'ci e for and against, in a formal way. for the time, after death, written after. on the face. 35. A Lesson in distinguishing "Words. Pret' ty cottage. Hand' some house. Splen' did mansion. Re nowned' in history for great achievements. Cel' e brat ed for his good ac- tions. No to' ri ORS for his bad ac- tions. Vain of accomplishments. Prond of superiority. Choked by food. Snf ' fo cat ed by foul air. Smoth' ered by being forcibly excluded from the air. As ton' ished at what is great. Sur prised' at what is unex- pected. We diP fer about a matter. We dis pnte' about it after dif- fering. We qnar 7 rel after disputing. 36. French "Words and Phrases. In French words the final t is silent. debut (da bii'), the first appearance. bon mot (o6n' mo), a witty saying, — a pun on dit (on de'), a rumor, — a report. petit (pet'?), small, as a petit jury. ragout (ra goo'), stewed meats. corps (core), part of an army. entre nous (aN tre noo'), between us. a la mode (al a mode), in fashion. 80 SWINTON'S WORD-BOOK. 37. Words of Difficult Terminations. Accented on the first syllable. ag ; ate brit' tie bil 7 ious crim' son an gle bris tie cab in chis el an gel bur den can on cen sure ac tor big ot cir cle cot ton a ere bra zen cam el cred it ar dor bar ren cas tie cor dial an cient bea con cas tor cul ture al ien bee kon cheap en Chris tian baffle but ton clam or con science bun die bra zier era ven cour tier bar rel bas tion cot tage con scious bee tie bril liant char ter cap tious bush el bul lion chap el cau tious beg gar blus ter cac kle cur tain bar ter bond age can eel cym bal o' cean lake a quat'ic res' er voir ir' ri gate in un da' tion stag na' tion aq' ue duct sluice hy drom' e ter 38. Words relating to Water. The largest division of water. Water surrounded by land. Pertaining to water ; as, aquatic animals. A place where water is collected and kept for use. To water land by causing a stream to flow over it. An overflow of water, a flood. The state of water or other fluid being without motion. A structure made for carrying water over uneven ground. A vent for water, a flood gate. An instrument for measuring the velocity, force, etc., of water and other fluids. SECOND YEAR'S WORK. 81 39. Old British "Words. Not*. — These words have come down to us from the Celtic language , spoken i: British Islands before the German tribes who laid the foundation of the English n went to Britain, in the fifth century A.D. bas' ket cab' in bag crag paw both er pig gin bald crock nod bar rack pil low bard darn loop bog gle sol der beak dale plaid bau ble tac kle beast bran pour bon fire tank ard bog bourn slab bat ten rash er bug dirk sham but ton flan nel brand glen squall era die hov er clan gown toss dain ty min now clog hog toll dan druff tar ry cloy kiln tuck pi broch tin gle coil jolt waist clay more wan ton curd mug welt sham rock wick et club lick wire 40. "Words relating to Time. Written Exercise. morn' ing day' break re' cent prompt' ness e' ven ing nightfall nov el read i ness fore 1 noon noon dag mod em quick ness twi light mid night an cient far di ness sun rise noon tide an lique 1 slow ness sun set curfew prim' i live 41. Names of Flowers. Written Exercise. late ness daf'fo dil ca meV li a cac' tus mar' i gold pe tu' ni a dah' li a hy' a cinth ver be' na fuch' si a coV um bine nas tur' tium ge ra' ni um he' li o trope car na' Hon mi gnon ette 1 sun' flow er dan' de li on giV ly flow er 82 SWINTON'S WORD-BOOK. THIRD MONTH. 42. Changes in Words. sire sir brood brat sweep swoop suite suit hurl whirl wrest wrist launch lance school shoal gad goad weal wealth creak croak spike spoke phi' al vi'al float fleet snake sneak thrice trice sleek slick deal dole chant cant shine sheen truth troth thrill trill pique pike quail quell price prize spear spire loose lose dyke ditch bliss bless tenth tithe heal whole hood hat shirt skirt milk milch e'vil ill swal' low swill lace latch drop drip val et var' let stick stitch wag' on wain bea con beck on 43. Words of French Origin. Written Exercise, har'ass meoV ley pup' pet re view 1 haz ard me ni al pur port re fresh haugh ty i mes sage pur pose re mark hum ble mis chief quit tana » re lease hei nous man age rap id re peat in voice nur ture rab ble re sort is sue nour ish ram part re suit jan gle prof it ran som re volt jar gon proffer res pite re trench lev y pam per ral ly re treat lit ter pilfer rea son re trieve lei sure peas ant rev el re gard league pleas ant rel ish re ward main tain 1 poig nant re but' re buff SECOND YEAR'S WORK. ' 83 44. Words relating to the Horse. e ones' tri an Pertaining to horses or horsemanship ; as eques- trian feats. e'quine Belonging to the horse tribe; as the equine species. far' ri er One who shoes horses ; one who cures the dis- eases of horses. jock 7 ey One who rides a horse in a race ; a horse dealer. steed A horse for parade or war ; a poetical name for a horse. team Two or more horses yoked together. Bu ceph' a lus The famous horse of Alexander the Great ; so named because its head resembled that of an ox. hob by-horse A wooden horse on which children ride. cav al cade' A procession on horseback. hip' po drome A course for horse races. 45. "Words of French Origin. Written Exercise, saV ly trea. ty ar f mor ar rest 1 sea son toe sin ban ner as size surfeit trem ble bar on es tate sur vey trou ble buck ler es quire sup pie um pire dow er as sault sav age um brage cur few for 1 est sum mer vague her aid horn age stran ger val or en voy trum pet tal ly va cant jus tice ten ant tin sel val ue sen tence vas sal ten der val iant stat ute voy age tor ment van quish sure ty war den trea son va grant coup le quar ry tran quit ven geance cov ert ven' i son 84 SWINTON'S WORD-BOOK. Bi' ble Pen' ta teuch al' bum di' a ry oc ta' vo quar' to fo' li o Ko' ran li' bra ry book worm 46. Words relating to Books. The Book, by way of eminence. The first five books of the Bible. A book for inserting autographs or photographs. A book containing everyday events. A book in which a sheet is folded into eight leaves. A book in which a sheet is folded into four leaves. A book of the largest size, formed by once folding a sheet. The Mohammedan's book of faith, or his Bible. A collection of books. A name sometimes given to a person who is very fond of books. 47. Partially Anglicized French "Words. Note. — Some of these words are fully Anglicized in pronunciation ; others retain the French spelling and accent. The teacher must give to the class the correct pronunciation. clique brusque blonde forte role bla se ; pas se rou e cou pe ou tre me lee en tree va lise sa vant ca nard' re gime de tour cro chet cro quet chi cane cha grin pla teau de bris des sert hau teur fi nesse cor tege mi rage pres' tige prai rie bu reau de pot fra cas chi gnon pick et foi ble biv ouac et i quette om e let par ve nu bad i nage mil' lion aire' qua drille' bru nette co quette vi gnette gri mace che mise ro sette phy sique par quette ta' pis pat ois' gla' cier per son nel' es cri toire SECOND YEAR'S WORK. 85 48. Words derived from Various Languages. Hebrew. Persian. Hindoo. Chinese. sab' bath az 7 ure loot tea ser aph tur ban chintz junk a men' li lac coo' lie chi/ na ju 7 bi lee der vish jun gle sat in ho san 7 na chess mus lin hy son hal le hi 7 jah car 7 a van sug ar bo hea 7 le vi' a than jas mine tod dy sou chong shib 7 bo leth ba zaar 7 cal i co nan keen 49. From the American Indian Languages. Indian Names. maize gua 7 no Mis sis sip' pi Ohi 7 o squaw ca tal 7 pa Mas sa chu setts Da ko ta skunk to ma to Yo sem 7 i te Mei / ri mac sa 7 chem horn 7 i ny Ni ag a ra Min ne so 7 ta wig warn choc o late On ta ri o ri no co warn pum moc ca sin Am' a zon Sar 7 a nac pa poose 7 torn a hawk Con nect 7 i cut Ten nes see 7 to bac 7 co tap i o 7 ca Mis sou ri Ken ne bee pi az 7 za pro vi so re gat ta si roc co vol ca no um brel la so pra no sti let to fl as co ven det ta dom 7 i no stuc co 50. Words from the Italian. mac a ro 7 ni laz za ro ni ver mi eel li man i fes to mez 7 zo tint mot to grot to stan za dit to la va can to gus to im brogl 7 io in flu en 7 za ma la 7 ri a fres 7 co so lo al to has so op 7 er a cu po la stu di o por ti co vis 7 ta 86 SWINTON'S WORD-BOOK. 51. Words from Romance Languages. big'ot mon' grel a skance' trom bone' brig and par lor a lert ve dette bra vo nap kin a vast car toon sea son pig eon bas soon la goon cap tain pis tol bro cade gen' er al car riage pil grim bur lesque cit a del cas tie pro file gro tesque ped es tal coz en cous in ga zette por cu pine cur ry niece bou quet ar te ry cut lass ten' or dis patch of fi cer gran ite peo pie can teen par a sol flow er trea ty con ceit dom i no in voice may or con cert bal co ny lus cious pal ace cas cade cam e o 52. Words derived from the Spanish. car' go gran dee' em bar 7 go bra va' do cor sair pa rade em bar rass du en na ere ole stam pede mo las ses des per a' do ne gro gre nade mu lat to El Do ra do jun to pam' phlet tor na do pec ca dil lo sher ry jave lin po ta to sar sa pa ril' la ga la bat tie door ve ran da bar ri cade' so da cas ta nets va nil la par' o quet pla za coch i neal punc til i o al' li ga tor gua va can ni bal mos qui to fil i bus ter al cove buf fa lo gue ril la si er' ra ci gar 7 sas sa fras me ri no plat' i na se gar qui nine flo til la Sa van' nah gar rote in di go fan dan go al bi no an cbo'vy don gar rot er pa la ver ar ma da cin cho'na com' mo dore ham' mock SECOND YEAlt'S WORK. 87 53. "Words derived from the Arabic. cof ' fee ze'ro cam/ phor lau' da num cot ton al tar a lem' bic al co hoi crim son tar iff sul' tan al ge bra car mine di van' haz ard al ka li jas mine Ko' ran mum my al ma nac ci pher Is lam mosque ar se nal ha rem ot to musk am u let mos lem so fa ga zelle' chem is try cam phor saf fron gi raffe min a ret naph tha sen na mon soon tarn a rind na dir sher bet si moora tal is man ze nith lem on Sa ha' ra az i muth 54. Spanish-American "Words. The teacher will explain the meaning of these words. ranche can' on a do' be tor til' la ran' cho cor' ral se ra pe som bre ro las so lar i at coy o te ma dro ne mus tang ri a'ta a ras tra man za ni ta pla cer ran che ro si es ta chap ar ral' pu eb' lo ro de o va que ro ha ci en' da 55. Words from Names of Places and Persons. bay' o net (Bayonne) pla ton' ic (Plato) cur rants (Corinth) plu ton ic (Pluto) cop per (Cyprus) her cu le an (Hercules) cam brie (Cambray) vol ca no (Vulcan) cal i co (Calicut) jo' vi al (Jove) dam ask (Damascus) hec tor (Hector) span iel (Spain) mes mer ism (Mesmer) wors ted (Worstead) gal va nism (Galvani) mag net (Magnesia) dah li a (Dahl) gas con ade' (Gascony) fuch si a (Fuch) la con' ic (Laconia) at las (Atlas) 83 swinton/s word-book. 56. French-American, Spanish, and Indian Words. cache bay'ou tu'le caout' chouo butte ba teau' co coa ca noe' lev'ee go'pher a ga' ve tap i o'ca ere vasse' shan ty po ta to va nil' la por' tage cal u met mag' uey gua' no armada canon Sierra Nevada corral lariat Senor Senora Senorita finale (It.) Signor (It.) Signora (It.) imbroglio (It.) surveillance embonpoint nom de plume mediocre bizarre faux pas qui vive carte blanche de trop recherche far excellence nous verrons en rapport 57. Spanish and Italian Words. (ar ma' da), great fleet. (can' yon), (Se er'ra), (Ne va'da), (cor ral'), (laYi at), (sa nyor'), (sa nyo'ra), (sa nyo re'ta), (fi na'le), (se nyor'), (se nyo'ra), (im brol'yo), deep, narrow gorge, mountain ridge, snowy, cattle pen. saddle rope. Sir, Mr. Mistress, Mrs. Miss, young lady, conclusion, end. Sir, Mr. Mistress, Mrs. quarrel, confusion. 58. French Words and Phrases. (sur val'yance), (aN boN pwaN'), (noN), (me'di o ker), (be za/), (fo pa'), (ke veve'), (cart blaNsh'), (de tro'), (re sher sha,'), (par ex eel laNs'), (noo ver ton'), (aN rap poi 7 ), supervision. corpulence. assumed name of an author. ordinary. fantastic, odd. false step, mistake. who's there? lookout. full permission. too many. select ; of rare attractions. preeminently. we shall see. in harmony with. SECOND YEAB'S WOEK. 89 59. Geographical Names often misspelled. Cal i for' ni a... not to be spelled Cala. Cin cin na' ti...not to be spelled with two £'s. Ten nes see'... with double n, double s, and double e. Con nect/i cnt...not to be spelled net. Min ne so' ta...not to be spelled with one ». Da ko' ta...not to be spelled tah. U' tah... not to be spelled Yuta. Ed' in burgh... not to be spelled burg. Nar ra gan' sett... to be spelled with two r's and two ^s. Ha va' na...not to be spelled with two ns. Ok la ho' ma. . .not to be spelled Ohio, Ma ni' la. . .not to be spelled with two Z's. 60. Latin Phrases. In common use in the newspapers. e pli/ri bus u' num, mul' turn in par' vo, ne plus uV tra, non com' pos men'tis, si' ne qua non, ex post fac' to t sub ro' sd, vi'ce ver'sa, nem. con. f ad va lo' rem, ad in' ter im t ad lib' i turn, in ter ro'rem, in me mo' ri am, si ne di e, per an'num, lap' sus lin' gu(B t one of many. much in little. nothing beyond. not of sound mind. something indispensable after the deed. under cover; secretly. the reverse. no one contradicting. according to value. in the mean time. at pleasure. as a warning. in memory of. without day. by the year. a slip of the tongue? 90 SWINTON'S WORD-BOOK. 61. Quarterly Review. ped' dler dah li a fuch si a gus to gra tis a li as ci pher vying buy ing tying al ways Christ mas fore head knowl edge bus i ness slav ish fiend ish hand some wool en bra zen thiev ish swin ish fifth ly edge ways flour ish wran gle slaugh ter found ry hatch et crotch et dai ry gher kin fur lough star board scram' ble schoon er squan der wain scot dwin die di a mond gawky ghost ly rid dance lunch eon shriv el stead fast haugh ty gor geous haz ard poig nant quit tance mis chief sur feit quar ry prai rie sug ar hy son wig warn gua no naph tha cam phor torn a hawk la va lus cious pam phlet qui nine whole some fif teenth bou quet' al though re trieve re peal re lease es quire cha grin Ten nes see' be twixt' be queath main tain a dieu bur lesque gro tesque ga zette ve dette ci gar sou chong ba zaar re gat' ta um brel la mos qui to me ri no re mit tance ac quit tal a bet ting bag a telle' ac quaint' ex pelled con curred ir' ri gate et i quette quar rel ing shov el ing cal'i co horn i ny choc o late par a sol sas sa fras cam e o al co hoi lau da num pi a' nist trav' el er pit i ful hy a cinth mar i gold e qual ly max i mum now a days clean li ness sau ci ness like li hood live li hood ug li est par ve nu ere vasse' moc' ca sin mac a ro' ni ver mi eel li tap i o ca mas quer ade ser e nade char/ la tan fil i bus ter coch i neal al ma nac chem is try SECOND YEAR'S WORK. 91 FOURTH MONTH. a, ab ad ante con contra de dis e, ex extra in in intro inter from. to. before. with. against. from. apart. out of. beyond. on, in. not. within. between. 62. Latin Prefixes. ob = against. per pro pre post re retro super snb semi se trans ultra o* through. for. before. after. again, back. backwards. above. under. half. apart. across. beyond. a verse 9 ab hor ab scond ab jure a void *vz vail 63. Illustrating Latin Prefixes. Written, an te di lu f vi an an tic' i pate ad here* ac cede affix an nex ap pend as sign con nect' cor rode con sign col led con tra diet' con tro vert' deflect 1 de vote dis pel dis cuss 64. Illustrating Latin Prefixes. Written. e rase 1 ex traor' di na ry in* no cent in ter cepV e vade ex trav' a gant il le 1 gal in ter fere e red ex tra di 1 Hon in cor reef in ter pose ex empt in vent' in se cure in ter sect ex plore in hale in tro duce in 1 ter course ex Tiaust in note in tro mil in ter jed tion 92 SWLNTON'S WORD-BOOK. 65. Illustrating Latin Prefixes. ob jecff o blige ob struct oc cur op pose ob 1 vi ous per am! bu late per 1 'fo rate per ent ni al pro ceed' pro tect pro mo f tion Written. prefer^ pre sen? pre 1 ma ture post ponet post' script pos ter f i ty re deem 9 re dine re lapse ret 1 ro grade ret 1 ro sped ret ro gres 1 sion 66. Illustrating Latin Prefixes. 5t? cede 9 se led se elude sem! i tone sem! i cir cle sem i lu' nar sub mit' sue ceed suffuse sug gest sup plant sus pend Written, su per sede' su per' flu ous su per la the sur pass' sur mount su per natf u ral Iran scribe 9 trans gress trans port ul tra ma rind ul tra mon 1 tane ul tra mun' dane 67. Words of Double Origin. — Latin and French. Words in the first column are derived directly from the Latin into English •, words in the second column are derived from the Latin through the French. The words in the third and fourth columns are all from Latin, but each of the pairs introduced at different times. fact feat gran' a ry gar' ner qui' et coy le' gal loy al ca dence chance hos' pi tai ho tel' cap tive cai' tiff ma' jor may' or ca lvx a* chal ice par' ti cle par eel se cure' sure per se cute pur sue' com pute count pau' per poor fac' tion fash' ion po tion poi' son bal sam balm re gal roy al pen'i tence pen' ance ra' di us ray fra' gile frail probe prove fi del' i ty fe'alty spe' cies spice SECOND YEAR'S WORK. 93 68. Sentences for Dictation. I. 1. Gunpowder was used in China and India at a very Temote period of time : in Europe it came into use in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. 2. Artillery was first used in Asia : it was introduced into Europe during the thirteenth century. 3. The mariner s compass was invented by the Chinese at a very early period : it was introduced into Europe during the thirteenth century. 4. Printing by means of carved wooden blocks was invented by the Chinese at a very early date : but printing by means of movable types was the invention of Gutenberg and Faust, A. D. 1450. II. 5. The steam engine was invented by James Watt, a Scotch- man, in the eighteenth century. 6. The electric telegraph was invented by Professor Samuel E. B. Morse, in the nineteenth century. 7. Robert Fulton, of New York, first successfully applied the steam engine to the navigation of vessels. He built and ran the first successful steamboat on the Hudson River, in 1807. 8. The spinning jenny was invented by Hargreaves, an English- man, in 1767. 9. The cotton gin was invented by Eli Whitney, an American, in 1793. 10. The sewing machine was invented by Elias Howe, Jr., an American, whose machine was patented in 1846. 11. Charles Goodyear, an American, in 1839 discovered the process of making vulcanized rubber. 12. Locomotive engines were invented in 1814, by George Ste- phenson, an English engineer. The Liverpool and Manchester Railroad was built in 1830. 94 SWINTON'S WORD-BOOK. 69. Words relating to Buildings. ar 7 chi tect A person skilled in the art of building. ar 7 chi tec ture The art of building. fa cade (fa sad') The front of a building. gaf ble The triangular end of a building from the eaves to the top. ves r ti bule The porch or entrance into a building. CU' po la A dome on a building. ro tun' da A building round both inside and out. pyr 7 a mid A body standing on an angular base and termi- nating in a point at the top. lab' y rintk A building or place full of windings. pa go' da A large building or temple in the East Indies in which idols are worshiped. 70. Sentences for Dictation. An indictment is a written accusation of one or more persons of a crime or misdemeanor, presented upon oath by a grand jury. Antipodes are those who live on that part of the globe dia- metrically opposite to us. A real circular motion is always accompanied with a centrifu- gal motion. We must not swallow down opinions as silly people do an empiric's pills, without knowing what they are made of. A fastidious individual affects or arrogates superior taste and discernment. The Emperor Julian himself, that most bitter adversary of Christianity, who had openly apostatized from it, did not deny the reality of our Lord's miracles. They had no authority, either by diocesan or provincial ay nods. The English vocabulary is mainly composed of Celtic, Saxon, French, and classical words. SECOND YEAR'S WORK. 93 71. A Lesson of Corrections. Correct the errors in strong ail pure ere a rightful air the ark of a circle ate men too fishes swam a bate for fishes a bear arm a beach tree beat root a glass of bier the bow of a tree wry bread a but of wine the cord of a harp a sight for a new church course cloth a core of troops a deer price a draught of a bill the railway fair a great feet the bird flue away a strong forte enter by the iron gait a glaire of light a hail old man do you here him speaking sing a him the isle of a church indict a letter a watch quay a lime kill a led mine the leek in a vessel a door loch a servant made a lion's main a haughty mean did you meat him the knave of a wheel the ore of a boat a pain of glass a peace of money a peel of bells the stone peer a quire of singers the rain of a king he rote a letter a long rode the sale of a ship ceil the letter sow the mustard cede the steps of a stare the knife was made of steal a strait road tare the cloth a tear of guns the throws of conscience a bad tray in his character vains and arteries of the body a heavy wait a yolk of oxen a yew tied to a ewe-tree -96 SWINTON'S WORD-BOOK. 72. Anglicized Latin "Words. Adopted in English without change. ar' dor pas' tor hu' mus ul ti ma' turn ar' bi ter ru mor o nus max' i mum an i mal se ries sta tus min i mum ax' is spe cies ma jor al lu' vi um cir cus splen dor mi nor spec' u la toi col or ge nus stra turn nu' cle us er ror ter ror la bor me di um fa vor val or da ta stim u lus gen ius ve to a pex mi nu' ti se mi ser vig or mi nus mo men turn hu mor vi rus fo ci stam' i na o dor fo cus fun gi vis ce ra 73. Exercises for Dictation. Sir James Mackintosh wrote an excellent dissertation on meta- physical science. From yonder realms of empyreal day ! The guillotine was first proposed to the National Assembly of France by a physician, and from him received its name. Here sacred pomp and genial fete delight, And solemn dance and hymeneal rite. We ought sometimes to suspend our judgment, till the first effervescence is a little subsided. It is unfortunate that we should be harassed by implacable persecution, or excruciated by irremediable pains. And sought, By pyramids and mausoleum pomp, Short-lived themselves, to immortalize their bones. He [Hamilton] smote the rock of the national resources, and abundant streams of revenue gushed forth. He touched the dead corpse of Public Credit, and it sprung upon its feet. SECOND YEAR'S WOEK. 97 74. A Suffix Lesson. Nouns formed with Latin and French suffixes meaning state or quality of being, or place. bond' age safe' ty pi' ra cy Diminutives. do tage pan try pri va cy cir' cle mar riage pi' e ty de cen cy cas tie vas' sal age odd i ty con stan cy par 7 ti cle pu pil age loy al ty apt i tude ve hi cle per son age ped ant ry grat i tude glob' ule slav er y a bil' i ty Ion gi tude Place. pil grim age den' si ty plat i tude fac' to ry pat ron age chas ti ty serv i tude rec to ry fin er y pu ri ty his to ry nun ner y pleas ant ry in fin' i ty or 7 a to ry dor 7 mi to ry rev el ry in firm i ty tran si to ry sane tu a ry re vers' al pres' ence mi gra to ry par' son age re hears al con science mat ri mo ny res tau rant 75. Suffixes meaning relating to. brute bru' tal pu' er ile trib' u ta ry fate fa tal in fan tile cus torn a ry use us' u al ju ve nile plan e ta ry bi' ble bib lie al mer can tile cap il la ry crit ic crit ic al cir cu lar el e men' ta ry type typ ic al glob u lar com pli men ta r\ farce far ci cal an nu lar in tro due to ry of fice of fi' cial he ro' ic lit' er a ry trop ic trop' ic al an gel ic nee es sa ry log ic log ic al mag net ic de tract' o ry poet po et' ic ma jes tic pre par' a to ry cyn' ic cyn' i cal ter rif ic sat is fac 7 to ry top ic top ic al op er at' ic stel' lar gram mar gram mat' ic al mas' cu line e pis' to la ry 98 SWINTON'S WORD-BOOK. Ant = having condition of. de fi' ant a bun dant ac cord ant con' so nant dis cord 7 ant ex pect ant re luc tant el' e gant sig nif' i cant ob serv 7 ant rel 7 e vant tol er ant res o nant sup pli ant 76. The Suffixes ant and ance. the power or quality of or continuing to. Ance = state or de fi' ance a bun dance ac cord ance con 7 so nance dis cord 7 ance ex pect ance re luc tance el 7 e gance sig nif' i cance ob serv' ance rel e vance tol er ance res o nance sup pli ance ex or 7 bi tant -ance re pug 7 nant -ance ra 7 di ant -ance com pli' ant -ance pur su ant -ance in dig nant -ation be nig nant -ity ex ult ant -ation un pleas ant -ness im port ant -ance re sist ant -ance dis' tant -ance dom 7 i nant -ance par tic 7 i pant -ance Ent = having lowing words are be nev 7 o lent de spond ent pen' i tent con cur 7 rent con 7 se quent re splen' dent ab' sti nent prev a lent rev er ent in no cent ev i dent prov i dent cor pu lent pes ti lent 77. The Suffixes ent and ence. the power or quality of. Ence = state of being. derived from the Latin. be nev 7 o lence de spond ence pen' i tence con cur 7 rence con' se quence re splen' dence ab' sti nence prev a lence rev er ence in no cence ev i dence prov i dence cor pu lence pes ti lence The fol. im per' ti nent -ence in 7 di gent -ence dif fer ent -ence af flu ent -ence ton fi dent -ence dif fi dent -ence em i nent -ence prom i nent -ence im mi nent -ence mu nif 7 i cent -ence ve 7 he ment -ence in dul 7 gent -ence ab hor rent -ence re cur rent -ence SECOND YEAR'S WORK. 99 78. The Suffixes able and ible. Final e of the root word is Able and ible = that which may or can be. dropped except after c and g. tarn' a ble sal' a ble fu' si ble e ras' a ble blam a ble pass a ble for ci ble de due i ble cur a ble trace a ble hor ri ble dif fus i ble eat a ble change a ble ter ri ble in vis i ble lov a ble charge a ble leg ible con tempt i ble pay a ble de fin' a ble cred i ble re vers i ble bear a ble man 7 age a ble au i di ble per cep ti ble mov a ble re ceiv' a ble plau si ble con vert i ble rat a ble con ceiv a ble fal li ble ad mis si ble tax a ble per ceiv a ble tan gi ble im press i ble read a ble de test a ble fea si ble ex haust i ble teach a ble ob tain a ble ed i ible re press i ble ford a ble ob serv a ble flex ible di vis i ble pass a ble main tain a ble ris ible im pos si ble 79. The Suffixes ive and ion. Ive = having the quality of: ion = act of. Ive added to verbs forms adjectives : ion added to verbs forms nouns. dif fuse' dif fu ; sive dif fu' sion ad here ad he sive ad he sion at tend at ten tive at ten tion at tract at tract ive at trac tion de cide de ci sive de ci sion con vulse con vul sive con vul sion ex elude ex clu sive ex clu sion ex plode ex plo sive ex plo sion in struct in struct ive 1 in struc tion de fend de fen sive de fense re pulse re pul sive re pul sion con elude con clu sive con clu sion de lude de lu sive de lu sion con struct con struct ive con struc tion 100 SWINTON'S WORD-BOOK. 80. Written Spelling. Ive = having the power to : ion = act of. Verbs. de fine', de ceive, pre vent, in vent, de duct, pro duce, re strict, reflect, afflict, in duct, e led, per ceive, con ceive, at tract, Adjectives. defln' i tive de cep' tive pre vent ive in vent ive de duct ive pro due tive re strict ive reflect ive of flic tive in duct ive e led ive per cep tive con cep tive at tract' ive Nouns. -tion. -tion. -ion. -ion. -ion. -tion. -ion. -ion. -tion. -ion. -ion. -tion. -tion. -ion. Adjectives. sub mis' sive e va f sive ag gres sive pro gres sive se due tive e rup tive il lu sive at ten tive con struct ive ex ten sive sub ver sive in die' a tive al lit' er a tive a bu' sive Nouns. -sion. -sion. -sion. -sion. -tion. -tion. -sion. -tion. -ion. -sion. -sion. -tion. -tion. -ness. pre ten' tious fie ti tious in fee tious vex a tious am bi tious sen ten tious nu tri tious se di tious re li gious con ta gious la bo' ri ous no to ri ous con sci en' tious per ni' cious 81. Oral Spelling. Ous, ious, eous = having : relating to. right' eous du' te ous pit e ous cour te ous plen te ous boun te ous er ro' ne ous cour a geous out ra geous ad van ta' geous spon ta' ne ous in stan ta' ne ous mis eel la ne ous far i na ceo us won' drous mon strous n* brous griev ous cum brous en' vi ous glut ton ous om in ous mis chie vous cov e tous vir tu ous ri die' u lous in iq ui tous so lie it ous SECOND YEAR'S WOtfK. 101 82. The Suffix oas. Having, relating to, tending to. Words spelled with cious. gra' cious ca pri' cious vi va' cious men da' cious spa cious sus pi cious lo qua cious fal la cious vi cious de li cious te na cious ra pa cious pre cious fe ro cious ve ra cious sa ga cious of fV cious a tro cious pre co cious pug na cious ma li' cious ca pa cious au da cious av a ri' cious 83. Monthly Review. ex act' frig' id ma lign' por' ous ex empt im age o paque pre cious dis dain frag ile ma rine pre cincts ef fete li cense re sume se quel de vour liq uid pol lute traf fie ap plaud meas ure ex pect pres ence de cease mea ger ad here con science con vulse men ace in struct ves tige FIFTH MONTH. 84. Lesson in "Word-Forming. Written Exercise* The suffix ize means to make : the suffix ation means act of. The sign + indicates the addition of the suffix, and is read plus. Example of dictation hy the teacher : " Genera! plus ize.'" (The pupil will write general + ize = generalize.) " General plus ize plus ation" (The pupil will write general + ize + ation = generalization.) gen' er at + ize + ation. fer' tile + ize + ation. not u ral + ize + ation. re al + ize + ation. sec u lar + ize + ation. e qnal + ize + ation. col o ny + ize + ation. vo cat + ize + ation. crys' tal + ize + ation. au thor + ize + ation. cen tral + ize + ation. le gal + ize + ation. ci vil + ize + ation. char' ac ter 4 ize + ation. 102 &W1N ION'S WORD-BOOK. 85. Oral Exercise in "Word Formation, The suffix ity means state of being. Model for exercise : The teacher gives out the word and suffix, " sensual plus ize." The pupil recites : " Sen su al, sensual plus ize = sensualize, to make sensual ; sensual plus ity = sensuality t state of being sensual. sen' su al + ize spir' it u al + ize na' tion al + ize trW quil + ize Chris tian + ize vi tal + ize au thor + ize bru tal + ize neu tral + ize hu man + ize sen' su al + ity spir 7 it u al + ity na' tion al + ity trail' quil + lity Chris tian + itv vi tal + ity au thor + ity bru tal + ity neu tral + ity hu man + ity 86. "Words ending in tion. Ion means the act of. con tend' con ten 7 tion as ser' tion dis tend dis ten tion in no va' tion in tend in ten tion de ser'tion re tain re ten tion in ser tion de tain de ten tion in flee tion con vene con ven tion con nee tion re duce re due tion op po si' tion in duce in due tion sup po si tion con duce con due tion com po si tion pro duce pro due tion rec i ta tion pre diet pre die tion rec ol lee tion re ject re jec tion in ter ven tion e lect e lee tion in ter rup tion at tend at ten tion ap pli ca tion SECOND YEAR'S WORK. W6 87. "Words ending in sion. sus pend' sus pen' sion in vert 7 in ver' sion per suade per sua sion ex pel ex pul sion de cline de clen sion pre tend pre ten sion pre cise pre ci sion pro fess pro fes sion col lide col lis ion di gress di gres sion de ride de ri sion con vulse con vul sion ex plode ex plo sion se elude se clu sion ex pand ex pan sion ex elude ex clu sion as cend as cen sion re vise re vi sion con elude con clu sion suf fuse suf fu sion a vert a ver sion in vade in va sion sue ceed sue ces sion pro ceed pro ces sion 88. A Suffix Lesson. ee = one to whom, or object of action ; er or or = one who, or actor. trus tee' pay ee do nee gran tee les see draw ee trust' er pay er do nor grant or 7 les' sor draw er leg a tee' mort ga ref er ee mort ga gee as sign ee con sign ee nom i nee leg a tor' mort gage or' ar 7 bi trat or as sign' er con sign or nom' i na tor 89. Suffixes of Profession or Occupation. The suffixes yer, ier, eer, ist, ian, mean one who follows a certain profeS' sion or is skilled in something. law' yer rhet o ri' cian pi a' nist sol dier math e ma ti' cian pol i ti' cian brig a dier' ge o me tri cian al' ge bra ist fu sil eer en gi neer / or' a tor den' tist ar til' ler ist sci en tist art ist cloth' ier gram ma' ri an harp ist gren a dier' a rith me ti' cian vi o lin' ist auc tion eer phi lol' o gist 104 SWINTON'S WORD-BOOK. 90. Use s. S with the sound of z. ad vise' ad ver tise' en fran' chise sup pose 1 ap prise cat 7 e chise pos ses sion dis guise chas tise crit i cise cos met ic re serve de spise su pei r vise' re pris al pre serve com prise com' pro mise bap' tism pre sent de mise en ter prise col li' sion dis ease re vise ex er cise de ri sion ap plause pre mise im pro vise de ci sion ap praise sur mise mer chan dise mu si cian re suit sur prise a the ism re fus al pre side de vise fa tal ism mo sa ic re solve a rouse res er voir pro sa ic re sem' ble ca, rouse in va' sion al lu sion de ser tion 91. The Letter j. dry shy dry' ly pit' y ing pit' i less dri' er shy' er slyly stead y ing stead i est dri est shy est shyly mud dy ing mud di er spry fly dry ness i fan cy ing fan ci ful spry' er fly' er spry ness lob by ist lob bied spry est fly est shy ness \ put ty ing put tied try flies dries pit i ful mud di ness tried fly' ing dry' ing mud di est wit ti ly 92. Y changed to i. In words of more than one syllable, final y after a consonant is changed to i before any suffix not beginning with i. ti'dy ti' di ness beau' ty beau' ti ful ti ny ti ni est de cen cy de cen cies eas y eas i est ef fi gy ef fi gies co ny co nies de ny' de ni' al tro phy tro phies defy de fi ance good ly good li er com ply com pli ance SECOND YEAR'S WORK. 105 93. Nouns used chiefly in the Plural. an' nals hus' tings twee' zers a mends' as sets mat ins tid ings ash' es ar chives mea sles vict uals shears bel lows nup tials vi tals spec' ta cles bil liards pin cers wa ges prem is es bow els scis sors trou sers in tes' tines en trails snuf fers ves pers man' ners fil ings pan ta loons' trap pings mor als 94. Written Exercise in Word Formation. The suffix fy or ify means to make. beau 1 ty + ify = beau' tify. just + ify = jus' ti fy. pure + ify = pu rify. sim' pie + ify = simplify. gUry + ify = glo rify. note + ify = no tify. class + ify = clas sify. am 1 pie + ify = amplify. false + ify = fal sify. in tense 1 -\-ify = in ten' si fi rare + fy = rar efy. clear + ify = clar'ify. 95 . Masculine and Feminine Suffixes. ac'tor ac' tress au' thor au' thor ess heir heir ess ne gro ne'gress he'ro her o ine ti ger ti gress hunt er hunt ress priest priest ess host host ess trai' tor trai tress li' on li' on ess em' per < Dr em press po et po et ess mas' ter mis tress 96. Words relating to Teaching. teach' ei 1 in struct' or learn' er col' lege tu tor pre cep tor schol ar u ni ver' si ty mas ter pro fess or pu pil a cad' e my mis tress ped' a gogue stu dent sem' i na ry men tor school mas ter school boy in sti tute mon i tor prin ci pal school girl ly ce'um 106 SWINTON'S WORD-BOOK. 97. Number. Written Exercise. Singular and plural forms of nouns from the Latin and Greek. a lum f nus, a not y sis, ax r is, da turn, effiu! vi urn, er ra! turn, md di urn, a lum! ni. a nal y ses. act? es. da ta. effiu' vi a. er ra' ta. md di a. neb' u la, o a sis, ra di us, stra' turn, fo cus, ge nus, stimf u lus, neb 1 u la. o a ses. ra di i. stra 1 ta. fo ci. gen e ra. stim' u li. 98. Places of "Worship and Religious Acts. tern' pie min ster chap el al tar clois ter con vent God Lord Deity Almighty Jehovah el' e gance sym me try come li ness pret ti ness love li ness bril liance ra di ance splen dor church shrine mosque pa go' da ca the' dral tab' er na cle prayer serv ice wor ship horn age de vo' tion ad o ra' tion kneel' ing pe ti' tion sac' ri fice in vo ca' tion sup pli ca tion ben e die tion 99. "Words denoting Deity. Written, Exercise. Always begin with a capital letter. TJie Father The Infinite The Maker The Eternal The Ruler The Omnipotent The Creator The Omnipresent The Preserver The Supreme Being 100. Beauty and Ugliness. or' na ment dec o ra' tion de form' i ty plain' ness home li ness hid e ous ness ca dav' er ous re pul sive un couth' mon' strous fright ful hor rid squal id slouch ing ghast ly gris ly SECOND YEAR'S WORK. 107 101. Evil Spirits and Mythology. fiend • imp spir 7 it Mars . fu' ry witch vi sion Jove har py ghost gob lin Nep' tune de mon si' ren vam pire Cu pid dev il sa tyr hob gob lin Mer cu ry Sa tan spec ter ap pa ri' tion Ju pi ter 102. Relating to Rulers, Officers, and Servants. em' per or com mand' er may' or serv' ant au to crat com man dant' pre feet vas sal sov er eign com' mo dore al der man foot man die tat' or ad mi ral con sta ble coach man pres' i dent gen er al di rect' or val et gov era or colo' nel po lice man wait er mon arch ma' jor leg' is lat or lack ey ty rant cap tain law giv er flun ky sul tan lieu ten' ant sen a tor me ni al chief tain en' sign sher iff slave mas ter ser geant judge serf 103. Food and Taste. al' i ment eat' a bles fla' vor bit' ter nu tri ment bread stuffs sa vor ac id nour ish ment co mes' ti bles spicy vap id sus te nance vict' uals pun gent sweet reg i men lun cheon lus cious sour pro vi' sions des serf pi quant nau' seous 104. Pleasure and Fain. hap' pi ness com' fort suf fer ing mis' e ry lux u ry de light' anx i' e ty an guish sat is fac' tion glad' ness de jec tion tor ture grat i fi ca' tion rap ture vex a tion tor ment en joy' ment fe lie' i ty sor' row ago ny en chant ment ec' sta sy dis tress' trib u la' tion 108 SWINTON'S WORD-BOOK. 105. Monthly Review. prayer crit' i cise con ces' sion piqu' ant schol' ar ad ver tise' a ver sion des sert' shy est su per vise con nee tion lunch 7 eon dri est mem' o rize mud' di er mort gage dry ness ec sta sy eas' i est dis guise' spry ness mer chan dise ti ni est ap praise si ren an gli cize mud dy ing dis ease sa tyr en ter prise stead i est sur prise Sa tan in ven' tion stead y ing sur mise ser geant in ver sion rar e fy ad vise colo nel at ten tion liq ue fy neu' tral ize SIXTH MONTH. 106. Words relating to Bills. bill of ex change' draw' ee pay 7 ee ac cept' ance ma tu/ ri ty to hon' or to dis hon' or proc' n ra tion pro' test days of grace at par A bill drawn on one person for the payment of money to another. The person on whom a bill of exchange is drawn. The person to whom a bill or money is paid. A promise to pay a bill when due. The time when a bill becomes due. To accept a bill, and pay it when due. To decline to accept or pay a bill. The signing of a bill by an agent or clerk. A written declaration made by a notary public, declaring a bill has been refused acceptance or payment. Three days allowed for the payment of a bill after it becomes due. Bills of exchange are at par when they sell for their nominal value ; above par or be- low par when they sell for more or less. SECOND YEAR'S WORK. 10^ 107. The Suffix ate. The Latin suffix ate with verbs = to make. The pupil is not expected to define the words in the following lessons. Teachers who are familiar with Latin can give the more important roots. ar tic' u late al le vi ate ab bre vi ate ac com mo date af fil i ate as so ci ate ca lum ni ate co ag u late ca pit u late com mu ni cate con cil i ate con tarn i nate ap pro' pri ate ap prox i mate an tic i pate as sim i late ac cu mu late an ni hi late cor rob o rate dis crim i nate de nom i nate de pre ci ate de gen er ate de pop u late al ; ien ate ag gra vate ag gre gate al ter nate am pu tate ar bi trate cal cu late cul ti vate cas ti gate cir cu late dev as tate dec i mate dec' o rate dis lo cate dom i nate doc trin ate du pli cate del e gate e vac' u ate e lim i nate ex' tri cate em i grate im mo late in sti gate rep ro bate pro eras' ti nate rec' re ate 108. The Suffix ate, e man' ci pate e rad i cate e vap o rate in tox i cate ex as per ate ex on er ate in' su late in ti mate ir ri gate im pre cate in di cate ger mi nate pop u late em' u late cog i tate ex hil' a rate ex co ri ate ex pos tu late ex pa ti ate ex pec to rate ex ten u ate fa cil i tate fe lie i tate flue' tu ate ful mi nate liu mil' i ate hy poth e cate ob fus cate de bil i tate pre var i cate 110 SWINTON'S WORD-BOOK. ac' cu rate as pi rate ad e quate ag gre gate con glom' er ate in' tri cate ul ti mate 110. balm chord chyme chyle clang cone disc dose dram gnome 109. Adjectives ending in ate. Ate = having, < jr pertaining to. con fed ' er ate in vet' er ate con sid er ate in vi o late con sum' mate in sa ti ate af fee tion ate im me di ate 3 ef fern i nate im mod er ate e lab o rate in ver te brate il lit er ate pre cip i tate ifficult Monosyllables of Greek Origin. jot pore sphinx lamp psalm sphere lobe pyre spleen mock plague sylph myth rheum theme nymph rhomb throb ode scene thvme pause scheme tomb phrase zone tome phlegm scope trope me die 7 in al pan a ce' a e met 7 ic rec' i pe an' o dyne an' ti dote 111. Words relating to Medicine. Belonging to medicine. A medicine that cures all diseases. A medicine that excites vomiting. A medical prescription. A medicine which allays pain, or causes sleep. A medicine which counteracts the effects of a poth' e ca ry dis pen' sa ry poison. One who prepares and sells medicines. A place where medicines are dispensed to the poor. ho me op 1 a thy The curing diseases by medicines which pro- duce effects similar to those of the disease. Water cure. hy drop' a thy SECOND YEAR'S WORK. Ill 112. "Words often misspelled. Sep' a rate... not to be spelled with er, because its Latin root is paro. Aq'ue duct... not to be spelled ac-gue, because its first root is aqua (water). Wednes' day... not to be spelled Wem, because it comes from Woden, the name of the Scandinavian god of war. Remember to spell dn, and not den. Prin ci pal... not to be spelled pie when most important is meant, or when you mean the master of a school. Prin ci pie... not to be spelled pal when you mean rule. Which... not to be spelled without the h. In Anglo-Saxon it was spelled hw, but now it is wk. These... not to be spelled thes. Dai' ly...not to be spelled dayly. 113. French Words and Phrases. Nasal n denoted by a capital letter. reveille tout-ensemble ci-devant double-entendre tete-a-tete vis-a-vis sangfroid au fait beau monde bon ton en route en suite en masse en passant (re val'ya), morning call by beat of drum, (too taN saN'bl'), general appearance. (se de vaN'), formerly. (doo'bl'aN taN dr') } double meaning. close talk ; head to head. opposite ; face to face. coldness ; self-possession* well-skilled ; perfect. fashionable society. good style. (tat a tat 7 ), (ve za ve'), (saN frwah' ), (o fe'), (bo moNd'), (boN'toN'), (aN root'), (aN sweet'), (a.N mass'), (aN pas'sant), on the way. in company in a body, by the way. together. IU SWINTON'S WORD-BOOK. 114. Lesson in distinguishing Words. Em u la' tion for equality. Com pe ti 7 tion for superiority. Im ped 7 i ment hinders progress. Ob' sta cle prevents progress. bilged 7 by necessity. Bound by obligation. Dis creet/ in advising. Pru 7 dent in taking advice. Fa 7 ded, but may revive. With 7 ered, and cannot revive. Im prac 7 ti ca ble, not in the circumstances possible. Im pos 7 si ble, not in nature possible. Li 7 bel, slander written or pub- lished. Def a ma' tion, slander spoken. De tained 7 by waiting for some- thing. Hin' dered by the badness of the roads. 115. Americanisms. Note. — The teacher will explain the peculiar use of these expressions. cau 7 cus lynch law stump speech spread ea 7 gle green back war whoop cal cu late shod dy bo gus corn field loaf er row dy scalp lock back woods pros pect ing yan kee hoo' sier buck eye hoe cake bun combe risk y horn i ny lob by mile age mail car do nate dick er clear ings dig gings squat ter grog ger y fresh et fix' ings husk ings chow der clam bake corn cake mass meet ing bread stuffs smoke stack fore hand ed bam boo 7 zle straw 7 bail dead head dead beat log roll out sid 7 ers sue 7 co tash SECOND YEAR»S WORK. 113 116. Common Errors in Pronunciation. New E England. South and West. ben for been bar for bear chist cc chest thar cc there jist CC just whar cc where dew CC do star cc stair dee' strict cc dis' trict do cc door sar ten (( cer tain har cc hair sass (C sauce skeart cc scared haouw cc how i'dea hib' it as ceir* sion nymph con ven ience in debt ed com' pro mise phlegm pre ven tion le' gal ize crit' i cise plague e quiv o cal de jec f tion ad ver tise Lesson XII. A. M. N. B. Dr. Obt. P.M. MS. Gov. Dep. M. D. C. Int. Mem. N. U.S. Amt. 8vo. S. M. C. ult. 12mo. E. XV. R. inst. Bal. W. i 0. prox. Cur. P. 0. s. c. a. cwt. LL. E ». N. C P. Abe. A. D. N.J. q. deft. C. 0. D. N. Y. Atty. conj. D. D. N. H. Sen. def. B. C. M. D. Col. Ana. SECOND TEAR'S WORK. 151 197. Reference Table of Rules. L Final e followed by a vowel. — Final e of a primitive word is dropped on taking a suffix beginning with a vowel. Examples : blame + able = blamable ; guide + ance = guid- ance ; come + ing = coming ; force + ible = forcible ; obscure + ity = obscurity. Exception 1. — Words ending in ge or ce usually retain the e before a suffix beginning with a or o, for the reason that c and g would have the hard sound if the e were dropped. Ex- amples : peace + able == peaceable ; change + able = change- able ; courage + ous = courageous. Exception 2. — Words ending in oe final retain the e to pre- serve the sound of the root ; as shoe + ing = shoeing ; hoe + ing = hoeing. The e is retained in a few words to prevent their being confounded with similar words, as singe + ing = singeing, to prevent its being confounded with singing. II. Final e followed by a consonant. — Final e of a primi- tive word is retained on taking a suffix beginning with a con- sonant. Ex. : pale + ness = paleness ; large + ly = largely. Exception 1. — When the final e is preceded by a vowel, it is sometimes omitted. Examples : due + ly = duly ; true -f ly = truly ; whole + ly = wholly. Exception 2. — A few words drop the final e before a suffix beginning with a consonant. Ex. : judge + ment = judgment; lodge + ment = lodgment ; abridge + ment = abridgment. III. Final y preceded by a consonant. — Final y of a primitive word, when preceded by a consonant, is generally changed into i on the addition of a suffix. Exception 1. — Before ing or ish the final y is retained tc prevent the doubling of the i. Example : pity + ing = pitying. Exception 2. — Words ending in ie and dropping the e by Rule I. change the i into y to prevent the doubling of the i. Examples : die + ing = dying ; lie + ing = lying. Exception 3. — Final y is sometimes changed into e; as duty + ous = duteous ; beauty + ous = beauteous. 152 swinton's word-book. IV. Final y preceded by a vowel. — Final y of a primitive word, when preceded by a vowel, should not be changed into an i before a suffix. Example : joy + less = joyless. V. Doubling. — Words of one syllable (monosyllables), and words accented on the last syllable, when they end with a single consonant, preceded by a single vowel, or by a vowel after qu, double their final letter before an additional syllable that begins with a vowel. Examples : rob + ed = robbed ; fop + isb = fop- pish ; squat + er = squatter ; prefer + ing = preferring. Exceptions. — X final, being equivalent to ks, is never doubled s and when the derivative does not retain the accent of the root, the final consonant is not always doubled ; as prefer' + ence = preference. VI. No Doubling. — A final consonant, when it is not pre- ceded by a single vowel, or when the accent is not on the last syllable, should remain single before an additional syllable ; as, toil + ing = toiling ; cheat + ed = cheated ; murmur + ing = murmuring. 198. Reformed Spelling. The spelling of certain English words on a phonetic basis is favored by a number of lexicographers. Several dictionaries recognize the spelling : program for programme ; two dictionaries recognize in addition the spellings : tho for though catalog for catalogue prolog for prologue ; one recent dictionary recognizes the additional phonetic spell- ings : altho for although demagog for demagogue thru for through pedagog for pedagogue decalog for decalogue. SECOND YEAR'S WORK. 153 199. Reference Table of Suffixes. Ac signifies of, belonging or relating ; cardiac, relating to the heart. Aceous signifies: 1. of, 2. consisting of 3. like, or resembling ; 1. cetaceous, 2. foliaceous, 3. saponaceous. Acy signifies : 1. being, 2. state of being, 3. office of; 1. ac- curacy, 2. celibacy, 3. magistracy. Age signifies : I. a collection of, 2. being or state of being, 3. an allowance for ; 1. foliage, 2. peerage, 3. postage. Al signifies : 1. of, belonging, relating, or pertaining to, 2. befit- ting or becoming ; 1. personal, 2. maternal. An, or ian, signifies : 1. one who, or the person that, 2. of, be- longing, ore pertaining to; 1. artisan, 2. Christian. Ance, or ancy (ence, or ency), signifies : 1. being, or state of being, 2. "ing"; 1. vigilance, constancy, 2. innocence, state of being innocent, refulgency. Ant signifies : 1. one who, or the person that, 2. "tug" ; 1. as- sistant, 2. abundant. Ar signifies : 1. of belonging, relating, or pertaining to, 2, hav- ing ; 1. circular, 2. angular. Ary signifies : 1. one who, or the person that, 2. of belonging, relating, or pertaining to, 3, the place where, 4. the thing that ; 1. adversary, 2. epistolary, 3. library, 4. boundary. Ate signifies: 1. one who or the person that, 2. having, being, 3. to make, to give, to put, or to take ; 1. legate, 2. corporate, adequate, 3. assimilate, animate. Ent signifies : 1. one who, or the person that, 2. being, or "ing"; 1. student, 2, equivalent, pendent. Ic, or ical, signifies of belonging, relating, or pertaining to ; heroic, poetical. Ice signifies : 1. the thing that, 2, the attribute of; 1. notice, 2. justice. Ics signifies : 1. the doctrine or science of, 2. art of; 1. ethics, 2. pyrotechnics. 154 SWINTON'S WORD-BOOK. Iltf signifies : 1. belonging, relating, or pertaining to, 2. may or can be, 3. apt to; 1. hostile, 2. ductile, 3. docile, agile. Ine signifies of, belonging, relating, or pertaining to ; marine. Ion signifies : 1. the act of, 2. being, or state of being, 3. "ing"; 1. probation, 2. corruption, 3. friction. Ise, or ize, signifies: 1. to make, 2. to give ; 1. fertilize, 2. characterize. Ism signifies : 1. being, or state of being, 2. an idiom, 3. doc- trine of; 1. barbarism, 2. Anglicism, 3. Moruionism. 1st signifies one who, or the person that ; novelist. Ite signifies one who, or the person that; having, "ing," as Hussite, definite. Ity, or ty, signifies being, or state of being ; ability. Ive signifies: 1. one who, 2. having power ', 3. "ing"; 1. cap- tive, 2. corrective, 3. progressive. Let signifies little or small ; rivulet. Ment signifies : 1. being, or state of being, 2. act of, 3. the thing that ; 1. abasement, 2. payment, 3. inducement. Mony signifies : 1. being, or state of being, 2. thing that ; 1. ac- rimony, 2. testimony. Or signifies : 1. one who, 2. the act of, "ing," 3. that which causes; 1. auditor, 2. favor, 3. motor. Ory signifies : 1. the place where, 2. thing that, 3. of, belong- ing, relating, ox pertaining to, "ing"; 1. armory, 2. memory, 3. consolatory, transitory. Ose signifies full of; jocose. Ous signifies : 1. full of, 2. consisting of, 3. belonging to, 4 given to, 5. "ing"; 1. populous, 2. aqueous, 3. cutaneous, 4. con- tentious, 5. timorous. Tude, or ude, signifies being, or state of being; altitude, quietude. Ule signifies little, or small ; globule. "Ore signifies : 1. the thing, 2. being, or state of being, 3. act of; 1. picture, 2. rapture, 3. departure. Spelling and Word Study Baldwin Speller (Shear and Lynch) . Baldwin's Spelling by Grades Buckwalter's Primary Speller Comprehensive Speller .... Harrington's Spelling Book. Complete Part I. — Separate Part II. — Separate Hunt's Primary Word Lessons McGuffey's Revised Eclectic Spelling Book . . ... Modern Spelling Book (Hunt and Gour- ley). Vertical and Slant Script Editions. Each Natural Speller and Word Book Osborn and King's Seventy Lessons in Spelling. Revised Patterson's American Word Book Rice's Rational Spelling Book: Part I. Boards .... The same. Cloth Part II. Boards The same. Cloth Sheldon's Word Studies. Slant Script Editions. Swinton's Word Primer Swinton's Word Book Spelling .... 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